The Archaeology of the Clay Tobacco Pipe XI: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Tyneside Tobacco Pipe Makers and Tobacconists 9780860545507, 9781407318127

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Copyright
CONTENTS
List of figures, plates and tables
Editorial
SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TYNESIDE TOBACCO-PIPEMAKERS
TABLES 1-13
APPENDIX ONE: DIRECTORY OF PIPEMAKERS
SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TYNESIDE TOBACCONISTS
TABLES 1-4
APPENDIX ONE: DIRECTORY OF TOBACCONISTS
APPENDIX TWO: EXTRACTS FROM PROBATE DOCUMENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Citation preview

T he Archaeology of the Clay Tobacco Pipe edited by

Peter Davey XI. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Tyneside Tobacco Pipe Makers and Tobacconists

Lloyd Edwards

BAR British Series 192 1988

B.A.R.

5, Centremead, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 ODQ, England.

GENERAL EDITORS A.R. Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil. D.R. Walker, M.A.

BAR. 192, 1988: 'The Archaeology of the Clay Tobacco Pipe XI. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Tyneside Tobacco Pipe Makers and Tobacconists' @ Lloyd Edwards, 1988 The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780860545507 paperback ISBN 9781407318127 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860545507 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

C ONTENTS P age T able o f C ontents L ist o f f igures,

( i) p lates & t ables

( ii)

E ditorial

1

S eventeenth a nd E ighteenth C entury T yneside T obaccoP ipemakers

3

T ables

1- 1 3

A ppendix O ne:

1 4 D irectory o f P ipemakers

N otes

1 07

S eventeenth a nd E ighteenth C entury T yneside T obacconists T ables

6 6

1- 4

1 09 1 20

A ppendix O ne:

D irectory o f T obacconists

1 22

A ppendix T wo:

E xtracts f rom P robate D ocuments

1 53

N otes

1 55

A bbreviations

1 58

B ibliography

1 61

A cknowledgements

1 65

( i)

L ist o f f igures,

p lates a nd t ables

S eventeenth a nd E ighteenth C entury T yneside T obacco-Pipemakers F igures 1 .

2 .

3 .

P lan o f N ewcastle a nd G ateshead s howing P arish a nd W ard b oundaries a nd p rincipal p ipemaking a reas.

2

T he n umber o f N ewcastle a nd G ateshead p ipemakers p er d ecade 1 620 - 1 809.

4

T he n umber o f N ewcastle t obacconists p er d ecade 1 620 - 1 809.

4 .

P age

P arish R egisters.

6

T he n umber o f N ewcastle t obacconists p er d ecade 1 620 - 1 809. P arish R egisters a nd C ompany R ecords.

6

5 .

T yneside B owl-Types

9

6 .

T yneside B owl-Types 8 - 1 5

( 1:1)

1 0

7 .

T yneside S tamp-Types A - C ( 2:1)

1 2

8 .

T yneside S tamp-Types D - F ( D a nd F 2 :1;

9 .

N ewcastle S tamps:R oger R ain.

G .C.

N ewcastle S tamps:G ateshead S tamps:-

N .W. ( 1-7) J ohn B owman

1 0.

1- 7 ( 1:1)

( 1-9);

E 1 :1)

J ohn G rayson

1 3

( 1-5); 2 9

( 1-2);

G eorge C arter;

H ugh C oates. 1.

3 2

G ateshead S tamps:-

C olling F amily;

J ohn C olling ( i -4) ;

3 4

R obert C olling ( 1-8). 1 2.

1 3.

G ateshead S tamps:J oseph F awell ( 1-5)

E dward C raggs

G ateshead S tamps:-

W illiam H arle;

3 6

A rthur H astings ( 1-2); J ohn H astings I I ( 1-2) 1 4.

G ateshead S tamps:-

G ateshead S tamps R obert M ould

1 6.

1 7.

4 0

H enry H olmes I ( 1-2); ( 1-2);

L uke M axwell;

4 3 A rthur M ould

( 1-3);

( 1-2).

G ateshead S tamps:M ichael P arke

H astings F amily;

J ohn H astings I ;

H enry H olmes I I; J ohn H olmes L eonard H olmes ( 1-4). 1 5.

( 1-9);

4 6 P arke F amily;

G eorge P arke

( 1-2);

( 1-9)

G ateshead S tamps:T homas P arke J ohn R odchester ( 1-4)

4 8 ( 1-7);

J ohn P attison; 5 2

L ist o f f igures,

p lates a nd t ables

( cont'd)

S eventeenth a nd E ighteenth C entury T yneside T obacco-pipemakers F igures 1 8.

1 9.

( cont'd)

P age

G ateshead S tamps:W illiam S ewell; M ichael S wadell; T homas T aylor; J ohn T hompson ( 1-4).

5 4

G ateshead S tamps:H enry W alker ( 1-2)

5 6

J ohn T hompson ( 5-7);

T ables 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 .

9 .

1 0. 1. 1 2. 1 3.

P arish L ist o f N ewcastle T obacco-pipemakers S treet I ndex o f G ateshead T obacco-pipemakers B owl-Type C onversion ( Parsons/Oswald/Edwards) P ipemakers: B owl-Type T ype A S tamps T ype B S tamps T ype C S tamps T ype D S tamps ( D1-D4) T ype D S tamps ( D4-D8 ) T ype E S tamps ( E1-E5) T ype F S tamps ( F1) S tamp C atalogue U nstamped B owl C atalogue

1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 6 2 7 2 8 6 0

S eventeenth a nd E ighteenth C entury T yneside T obacconists P lates 1 ( upper) ( lower)

T he c rest o f t he F eltmakers C ompany o f N ewcastle T he H erber T ower, n ear B lackfriars i n N ewcastle

12 12

2 ( left) ( right)

T he P artis f amily c rest. D etail f rom H utton 's m ap s howing t he l ocations o f P artis' p remises.

15

3 ( left) H ead o f S ide: ( right) H ead o f S ide:

f rom a n e arly 1 9th c entury p rint t he s cene t oday

15 17 17

T ables 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 .

P arish L ist o f N ewcastle T obacconists. S treet I ndex f or G ateshead T obacconists. T obacconists e ngaged i n o ther t rades. P ipemakers a nd T obacconists: P ossible F amily C onnections.

19 1 21 1 21 1 21

E ditorial T he A rchaeology o f t he C lay T obacco P ipe X I i s t he f irst t o c onsist s olely o f t he work of o ne p erson .

P revious n umbers h ave i ncluded

m ajor c ontributions b y o ne i ndividual s uch a s P ipes

i n

t he

U nited

S tates

o f

America '

' Historic

C lay T obacco

by B yron S udbury

( 11-190

p ages), ' The C lay T obacco P ipe i n S eventeenth C entury N etherlands ' b y D on Duco ( V-257 p ages) and ' Clay P ipes i n Wallonia ' b y J ean F raikin ( V-110 p ages). T hese l ast two were b ound a s s eparate v olumes. T his v olume i s U niversity M .A. s ignificant t hat

t he p roduct of work by L loyd Edwards.

c arried out for a D urham As there were no o ther

p apers i n t hat area o r p eriod i n t he offing i t s eemed

a s ingle

monograph

was

t he

l ogical

r esearch i s i nteresting i n t hree r espects.

way

t o

p ublish.

T he

F irst, b uilding o n t he

w ork o f P arsons a nd o thers i t w idens o ur u nderstanding o f t he o rigin a nd c hronology o f p ipemaking i n T yneside, t he

s ignificance

o f

t he

e arly

i ndustry

i n

e specially i t N ewcastle .

e stablishes S econdly,

i t

p laces t his d etailed d ocumentary s tudy a longside t he e vidence o f t he p ipes t hemselves . A ll t he major r egional c ollections h ave b een r esearched and t he marks and c oherent e xcavated groups r ecorded. T hirdly, the p arallel and l inked development of Tyneside t obacconists

i s a lso

r ecorded .

T he v olume i s d ivided i nto t wo p arts,

t he f irst,

a nd l arger,

d ealing

w ith p ipemakers a nd p ipes and t he s econd with t obacconists.

E ach

p art h as i ts own t ables, n otes a nd a ppendices, b ut t here i s a c ommon l ist o f a bbreviations a nd b ibliography a t t he e nd . T ables 1 2 a nd 1 3 i n t he f irst p art are p roduced i n a smaller t ype-face i n o rder t o s ave s pace. I t

i s h oped t hat p ublication i n t he S eries w ill make t his r esearch

a vailable t o t he widest n umber o f i ndividuals a nd c oncerned w ith p ost-medieval h istory a nd a rchaeology.

i nstitutions

I am g rateful t o P hilippa T omlinson f or h elp i n m ounting t he t extf igures a nd t o V ivien P roctor f or p roducing c amera-ready t ext.

P .J.

D avey

L iverpool 2 J uly

1 988

1

NE WCASTLE a nd GATESHEAD S trawberry L ane

Herber T ower

Newga te S tree t

P l igr imga te

Wes tga te S tree t a a

I O W

M idd le

Un ion

• • •

S tree t

2 S tree t

P i lgr im S tree t

S tank T ower Ward •

K ing B a lyga te

S tree t . • •

Cas t le Gar th

New P andon S tree t

L ow B r idge S ide • • • K a le P ink • T ower • C ross ward • •

. * •P andon

* -Sandh i lI

• • P andon T owe r Ward

Quays ide R IVER

TYNE

H i l iga te

P ipewe l lga te

Church Wa lk

B o t t le B ank Church

Cannon

S tree t

S tree t

K ey 1

S t .Andrew 's Chu rch

2

S t .J ohn 's Church

3

S t .N icho las 's Church

4

A l l

5

S t . Ma ry 's

6

E xchange

S a in t 's Church

P ar ish

F ig.

1

Oakwe l lga te

T o l lboo th

Church 2 00 me tres L JE

Boundary

•••• Ward Boundary

2

S EVENTEENTH A ND E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY TYNESIDE T OBACCO-PIPEMAKERS . T he

t obacco-pipemaking

N ewcastle c 1 630 - 1 635 . f lourishing b y t he e arly m id-1640s a t

t he

i ndustry

of

T yneside

l atest .

T he

e arliest

r ecorded N ewcastle

i s R ichard C alder, c 1 643 - 1 644 d ied ( 1). r ecorded

c ommenced

i n

T he d ocumentary e vidence s hows t hat i t was 1 640s a nd h ad s pread t o Gateshead b y t he

i n G ateshead i s W illiam S ewell who d ied i n

a ppears ( without a n amed o ccupation) i n

p ipemaker

T he e arliest p ipemaker 1 651,

1 646 ( 2).

b ut f irst

I t i s n ot k nown

j ust how many of t he early p ipemakers o f N ewcastle and G ateshead o riginated f rom e lsewhere,

b ut i t i s n ot u nreasonable t o a ssume t hat

s ome o f t hem may h ave d one s o . T hose f or whom t his c an b e s uggested a re E dward S andelings a nd t he p ipemaker k nown o nly b y h is i nitials " G.C.".

T he f ormer,

c 1 670 a nd

1 675 ( 3 ),

k nown t o h ave b een working i n N ewcastle b etween may h ave b een a member o f t he S inderling f amily

o f p ipemakers who are r ecorded i n Bristol b etween t he mids eventeenth a nd m id-eighteenth c enturies ( 4 ). " G .C .", k nown o nly b y h is p ipes,

may have originated i n t he s outh of E ngland o r London

( 5). P arsons b elieved t hat t he T yneside p ipemaking i ndustry b egan b ecause t here were a lready o ther i ndustries t here u sing p ipeclay, n otably

glass-making

( 6).

T he

p ipeclay

h ad

t o

be

imported

t o

T yneside f rom e lsewhere. I n 1 692, f or i nstance, t here were f ive s hips r ecorded i n t he N ewcastle C hamberlains ' A ccounts b ringing a t otal

of s ixty

s ix

t unns of p ipeclay t o N ewcastle.

F our

of

t he

s hips were r egistered a t Hastings and t he f ifth a t Colchester ( 7). F rom E lizabeth 's r eign o nwards t he r apidly

were

t hose

which

u sed

i ndustries coal

( 8),

which e xpanded

a commodity

most

found

i n

a bundance o n T yneside . I t would t herefore a ppear t hat t he p rimary r eason f or e stablishing a p ipemaking i ndustry on Tyneside was t he a vailability o f A t otal

c ompared t o n inety f ive a t Gateshead.

p ipemakers

a ctually

r eferred

l ikely t o h ave b een working , o f

t he

d evelopment

P ipemakers d ecade

r eferred

might

p revious o r a p eak

i n

f ollowed

i t

o f

t he

t o

e ither

s ubsequent a d ecline

o f i n

a nd

i n

t he

e arly

or

r espectively . i n

T hese t he

m id-eighteenth

u ntil

t he

c entury.

( 9);

a

1 700,

N ewcastle

1 790s a nd d id n ot

1 780s a nd

H ull p ipemakers r eached a p eak i n t he

1 780s a nd t hen r evived

I n

c ontrast,

e njoyed a s ubstantial r evival i n t he

c omparison,

2 ).

of

i ndicate

around

c entury . i n t he

p ipemakers

y ears

f igures

y ears

I n

n ineteenth

( Figure

l ater

r e-emerge

t he

i ndication

b y d ecade

t he p ipemaking i ndustry a pparently d ied o ut u ntil

p ipemakers

t o o btain a n

p ossibly b een working i n t he

p ipemakers

t he

B y p lotting

a dding o ther

p ossible

t o have

d ecade

number

i s

t o,

i ndustry d ecade

b e c onsidered

t he

b y

o f c oal .

o f forty f ive p ipemakers are r ecorded i n N ewcastle

b efore c 1 800, t hose

l arge q uantities

G ateshead 1 790s .

1 720s,

I n

d eclined

Y ork p ipemakers a lso r eached a

p eak i n t he 1 720s, b ut t hen d eclined i nto a pparent e xtinction c 1 760 ( 10); L ondon p ipemakers i ncreased u ntil t he m id-eighteenth c entury b efore d eclining ( 11).

T he

major

a nd G ateshead d ecline

a t

d ocumentary

c omprises

Gateshead

t he

s ource

f or

v arious

might

b e

t he

P arish

e xplained

3

p ipemakers

o f

R egisters .

T he

b y

t he

f act

N ewcastle a pparent t hat

t he

P IPEMAKERS P ER D ECADE a ) Newcast le

b ) Ga teshead

D a te

1 620 9 1 630 9 1 640 9 1 850 -9 1 660 -9 1 670 9 1 680 9 1 690 9 1 700 9 1 710 9 1 720 9 1 730 9 1 740 9 1 750 -9 1 760 9 1 770 9 1 780 9 1 790 9 1 800-9

2

4

6

8 1 0

2 4

6

8 1 0 1 2

1 4 1 6

1 8 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2 3 4 3 6

N umbe rs

P ipemakers k nown wo rk ing

P ipemake rs p robab ly wo rk ing

F ig.

2

4

L JE

R egisters i n t hat t own d o not r ecord o ccupations d uring t he mide ighteenth c entury. H owever, t he s ame d ecline i s a pparent a t N ewcastle where t he R egisters d o r ecord s uch i nformation. A c omparative s tudy h as s hown t hat t he N ewcastle P arish R egisters a lso i ndicate a d ecline i n t he n umber o f t obacconists d uring t he mide ighteenth c entury ( Figure 3 ). T hat d ecline i s c onfirmed b y t he r ecords o f t he N ewcastle C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers and A rmourers, t o which many t obacconists b elonged ( 12 ). H owever, t hose r ecords s uggest t hat t he d ecline i n t he n umber o f t obacconists may n ot h ave b een a s g reat a s t hat i ndicated by t he P arish R egisters ( Figure 4 ) ( 13). I t i s t herefore p ossible t hat t he d ecline i n t he n umber o f p ipemakers m ight h ave b een s maller t han t hat i llustrated i n F igure 2 . R esearch b y Manders ( 14) and Middlebrook ( 15) i ndicates t hat i n 1 700 t he j oint p opulation o f t hese t owns w as c 2 5, 0 36 . T his r ose t o 2 6,343 i n 1 740, 2 9,550 i n 1 770, a nd 3 6,891 i n 1 801. Manders a lso c alculated t hat t he p opulation o f G ateshead r ose f rom c 3 ,135 i n 1 621 t o 6 ,135 i n 1 691. I t would s eem t hat t he r ise i n t he n umber o f p ipemakers u ntil c 1 700 w as n ot o nly t he r esult o f a n ew c onsumer i ndustry b ecoming e stablished, b ut a lso r eflected t he g rowth o f t hat i ndustry 's main m arket . O ne c ontributory f actor f or t he a pparent d ecline i n t he n umbers o f p ipemakers a nd t obacconists d uring t he mid-eighteenth c entury was p robably t he v ery l imited g rowth i n t he l ocal p opulation . S imilarly, t he i ncrease i n t heir n umbers d uring t he l atter p art of t hat c entury was p artly a r esult o f t he i ncrease i n l ocal p opulation . T he e vidence s uggests t hat t he e arliest T yneside p ipemakers w ere i n N ewcastle . O f t he e leven p ipemakers k nown t o b e working i n t he c ity b efore c .1660, n ine a re r ecorded i n A ll S aints P arish ( Figure 1 ). T he o ther two, k nown o nly a s " G.C." a nd " N .W." f rom t heir p ipes, r emain o therwise u nidentified. N ine p ipemakers a re r ecorded i n S t. A ndrew 's P arish b etween c .1661 a nd 1 701, a nd a fter c 1 680 a n umber a re k nown i n t he P arish o f S t. N icholas. H owever, t hroughout t he p eriod a s a whole t he majority a re r ecorded i n A ll S aints P arish ( Table 1 ) . T he d ocumentary e vidence f or t obacconists e mphasises t he a rea i ncorporating S ide, S andhill a nd Q uayside, a nd i t i s p ossible t hat t he majority o f N ewcastle p ipemakers may h ave b een f ound i n or n ear t hat a rea ( 16). G iven t hat t he t obacco t rade r emained c entred o n t he t rading a reas n ear t he Q uayside i n N ewcastle, i t i s p erhaps s urprising t hat a fter c . 1 660 t he majority o f p ipemakers were t o b e found i n G ateshead . T he r easons a re u nclear, b ut c onditions may h ave b een m ore f avourable f or e stablishing b usinesses i n G ateshead r ather t han i n N ewcastle. A fter t he N ewcastle b egan t o f ail.

C ivil War t he G uild r estrictions i n I n a n a ttempt t o e nforce t heir o ld

c ontrols n early a ll t rades p assed a s eries o f A cts a imed a t p rotecting t heir m embers b y p reventing " foreign" t radesmen b ecoming e stablished i n t he C ity ( 17). O ffenders were p rosecuted a nd h ad t heir g oods s eized . T here a re n o c ases r ecorded w here t he o ffender w as merely d ealing i n c lay p ipes, b ut a n umber r ecord p ipes b eing s eized t ogether w ith t obacco . O ne s uch c ase i nvolved A dam D ixon who h ad a small p arcel o f t obacco a nd p ipes s eized f rom h im i n 1 649 ( 18). I t i s not k nown t o which C ompany t he N ewcastle p ipemakers b elonged, a nd i t i s p ossible t hat t hey were n ot i n a p osition t o o rganise t he p rotective m easures t hat t he t obacconists e njoyed ( 19 ).

5

0 O D

C O

C > ,

V

0 ) Ga teshead

T OBACCON ISTS

c 1 3

0

0

a ,

0 C m

0 a ) a 0

0 ( 0

0 ‚ 1 1 c a

a l

C D

0

0

0

0 L C L O

0

0 c 0

0 0

0 0

c o

( 0

C A

0

•

0

C D

0 C Y

0

0

e n

a ,

c o

•

c o

0

0

0

0

u " ,

0

n

C D

0 )

0

0 n

0 O D

0 C h

— 2 1

P ar iah Reg is ters

aC I

c r

• e

1 2 ) Ge teaheed

N

a ) Newcas t le

TOBACCON ISTS

r k

0 . i . _ . 0 6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 )

0

O

0

a i

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ö

r )

. ;

c o i n

g

, e a

O e a

0 4 . )

0 a t

2

9 2

0 a n

0

n o

\'

O

0

C O

C o

a b

a c i ,

c r

0 •

0 c i D

0

0 Q

O

0

0

6

0

I t

i s

p ossible

t hat

i nitially

t he small

p ipemaking i ndustry i n

N ewcastle was h ampered b y G uild r estrictions w ithin t he C ity a nd t hat t his encouraged would-be p ipemakers t o s et u p b usiness i n G ateshead . A t l east o ne G ateshead p ipemaker, T homas P arke I , b egan h is working l ife i n N ewcastle, a lbeit a s a J ourneyman F eltmaker ( 20). T hat d escription o f P arke s uggest t hat h e may h ave b een a t obacconist . L ater, competition f rom t he G ateshead p ipemakers r estricted t he growth of t he N ewcastle i ndustry a nd e ventually c aused i ts d emise . B y 1 675 t he G atshead p ipemakers were i n a p osition t o a lly t hemselves w ith t he g rocers a nd a pothecaries o f t he t own a nd s eek a C harter o f I ncorporation f rom t he B ishop o f D urham. T his was g ranted o n t he 2 8th S eptember o f t hat y ear ( 21). T he i ndividuals n amed in the Charter were R ichard Delavale, Robert Ferry, C hristopher B ickers, R ichard H uddleston, S amuel L ondon, R obert K elly , J ohn T rotter, G eorge K irby j un ., L uke Maxwell, J ohn B owman, T homas P arke, J ohn P attison, L eonard H olmes a nd H umphrey F erry . O f t hese , o nly Maxwell, B owman , P arke, P attison a nd H olmes a re k nown t o h ave b een p ipemakers . N ot o nly a re t hey r ecorded a s s uch e lsewhere ( see A ppendix 1 ), b ut a ll s tamped t heir p ipes . T his C harter m et w ith o pposition f rom t he G ateshead C ompany o f D rapers . O n 1 9th S eptember 1 678 t he wardens o f t hat C ompany , T homas D aville a nd R obert H enderson, s tarted p roceedings a t t he D urham C ourt o f C hancery a gainst R obert F erry, C hristopher B ickers a nd J ohn T rotter, t he wardens o f t he C ompany o f Grocers, A pothecaries a nd T obacco-pipemakers . D aville and H enderson b rought f our witnesses w ho a ll s wore t hat d uring t heir l ifetimes i t h ad b een u nlawful f or a nyone n ot b elonging t o t he C ompany o f D rapers t o b e ag rocer ( 22). T hey w ere awarded a D ecree i n C hancery o rdering t he s urrender o f t he 1 675 C harter ( 23 ). T his was i gnored, a nd t he r ecords o f t he C ompany o f D rapers s how t hat i n A pril 1 683 t he " pretended C ompany o f G rocers a nd t he S tewards t hereof" f aced p roceedings f or f ailing t o o bey t he D ecree o f 1 678 ( 24 ). T he p ipemakers d o n ot a ppear t o h ave s uffered f rom t his l itigation . N ot o nly d id t heir i ndustry c ontinue t o t hrive , b ut t he P ipemakers C ompany was s till i n e xistence i n 1 775 ( 25). A ll G ateshead p ipemakers l ived w ithin t he P arish o f S t . Mary 's . I t h as p roved p ossible t o d etermine i n which s treet a n umber o f t hem l ived and / o r worked ( Table 2 ). I n t he c ases o f J ohn B owman, G eorge P arke, J ohn T hompson I I, a nd t he f irm o f Smirke a nd A ndrews i t h as b een p ossible t o a ccurately l ocate t he s ites o f t heir p remises . B owman 's h ouse w as a t N o .4 C hurch Walk, n ear t he j unction w ith H illgate ( 26). G eorge P arke o ccupied p remises on t he s outh s ide o f t he j unction o f C hurch S treet a nd F ore S treet i n 1 706 ( 27). T hese s ame p remises were o ccupied b y J ohn T hompson I I i n 1 712 ( 28 ). S mirke a nd A ndrews were a t ( 29).

t he T ollbooth i n F ore S treet

i n

1 787

N o p re-nineteenth c entury p ipemaking e quipment i s k nown t o s urvive f rom N ewcastle a nd G ateshead . T he o nly d ocumentary e vidence f or s uch i tems i s t he w ill o f L eonard H olmes I o f G ateshead w ho d ied i n 1 707. T his s tates " I g ive a nd d evise t o my s one L eonard H olmes A ll my C lay and worke T ooles b elonging t o my T rade o f what k ind

7

s oever" ( 30). H is i nventory r ecords a " Small p (ar )cell of p ipes 6 s 8 d." ( 31). T he 1 670 i nventory of a N ewcastle t obacconist, W illiam Wilkinson, l ists t hirteen g ross o f p ipes v alued a t £ 1. O s. 6 d . ( 32 ). T his m ight s uggest t hat H olme 's " Small p arcell" c ontained a bout t hree a nd h alf g ross o f p ipes . B owl-Types D uring t he p ast t wenty y ears t he main b owl-typology u sed i n t he s tudy o f N orth E ast c lay p ipes h as b een t hat f ormulated b y P arsons ( 33). H is u nderstanding o f t he i ndustry l ed h im t o b elieve t hat t he e arliest p ipes p roduced i n t he r egion w ere h is T ype 4 , c .1650 1 680 . H e b elieved t hat h is T ypes 1 - 3 , c .1630 - 1 680, w ere i mported f rom o ther a reas, n amely L ondon b etween c .1600 a nd 1 650, B ristol and t he S outh West b etween c .1630 a nd 1 670, a nd H ull a nd Y ork b etween c .1650 a nd 1 700. F rom c .1645 l ocal p ipe-making i ndustries, particularly Gateshead, d eveloped and e ventually d ominated t he N orth E ast m arket ( 34 ). T he d iscovery o f d ocumentary e vidence . f or a p ipe-making i ndustry i n N ewcastle f rom t he e arly 1 640s a t t he l atest s uggested t hat t he majority o f P arsons T ypes 1 - 3 w ere o f l ocal m anufacture . T herefore, w hilst p ipes f rom L ondon , B ristol e tc . h ave b een f ound i n t he N orth E ast, t hey a re a m inority. T hose a reas n amed b y P arsons m ight more a ccurately b e d escribed a s " sources o f d esign-influence" . T hat i nfluence was p rovided n ot o nly b y i mported p ipes, b ut p robably a lso b y p ipemakers f rom t hose r egions c oming t o N ewcastle . I t f ollowed t hat s ome o f t hose p ipes d iscovered l ocally, b ut s howing c haracteristics f rom e lsewhere, m ight a lso b e o f l ocal m anufacture . C are i s o bviously n ecessary i n o rder t o d istinguish b etween T yneside-produced p ipes a nd t hose i mported f rom e lsewhere . W hilst working o n c lay p ipes f rom t he B lackgate e xcavations i n N ewcastle , O swald n oted a l arge n umber o f p ipes w ith " chinned b owls" a nd " heart-shaped b ases" . T hese w ere a rchaeologically d ated b etween c .1635 a nd 1 675. H e p ointed o ut t hat t he " chinned b owl" o ccurs i n L ondon a nd C entral S outhern E ngland b y t he e nd o f t he s ixteenth c entury, a nd w ere c ommon i n B ristol b etween c .1650 a nd 1 680 . " Hearts haped b ases" a re f ound i n L ondon a nd t he C entral S outh f rom c .1600 , L incolnshire b etween c .1640 a nd 1 690, H ull b etween c .1660 a nd 1 675, a nd Y ork b etween c .1640 a nd 1 670 . T he c ombination o f " chinned b owl" c cd " heart-shaped b ase" f irst o ccurred i n W iltshire, E xeter, S alisbury a nd L ondon b etween c .1590 a nd 1 620 . H owever, t he v ast m ajority a re f rom N ewcastle a nd t he N orth E ast, c learly i mplying a l ocal s tyle a nd manufacture . ( 35 ). O swald t hen p roposed a t ypology c omprising n ine t ypes f rom t he B lackgate e xcavations . A part f rom h is T ype 4 a ll c ould b e c onsidered t o b e o f l ocal manufacture. T ypes 5 ,6,7 and 9 were s imilar t o P arsons Types 1 ,2,3/4 a nd 5 r espectively . A n ew t ypology , b ased o n t hose o f O swald a nd P arsons, n amed ' Tyneside ' h as b een p roposed ( 36), ( Table 3 ). T yneside T ypes 1 - 3 h ave " heart-shaped" a nd r ound p rojecting b ases i n t he p roportion o f more t han 2 : 1 . T heir s ub-types ' a ' h ave t he " chinned b owl", whilst s ub-types ' b ' h ave a more o val b owl. T ype 4 i s t he s purred v ariety o f T ype 1 , a nd T ype 5 i s t he s purred v ariety o f T ype 2 . T ype 7 i s t he f lat-based v ariety o f T ype 6 .

8

l a

l b

2 a

2 b

3a

3b

5 F ig.

5

B owl-Types

4

7 1 -7

9

8

1

1 0

1 3 F ig.

6

1 4

B owl-Types 8 -15

1 0

1 2

1 5

T ypes 1 0 13 h ave o val a nd r ound p rojecting b ases, whilst T ypes 1 4 a nd 1 5 h ave s purred b ases ( Figures 5 a nd 6 ). O ne h undred a nd f orty p ipemakers a re r ecorded i n N ewcastle a nd G ateshead b etween t he 1 630s a nd c .1800. Of t hese, t hirty t wo a re k nown t o h ave s tamped t heir p ipes. T o d ate p ipes manufactured b y t wenty s ix o f t hese p ipemakers a re k nown t o h ave s urvived w ith b owls a nd s tamps i ntact. I t i s t herefore p ossible t o d etermine s ome o f t he b owl-types t hat i ndividual p ipemakers p roduced . S tamp-Types I n 1 964 P arsons i dentified t hree s tamp-types t hat h ad b een u sed i n t he N orth E ast b etween c .1675 a nd 1 820 . H e r eferred t o t hese a s T ypes ' a ', ' b ' and ' c'

( 37).

O swald 's i dentification o f b owl-types

p roduced a t N ewcastle a nd G ateshead a t a d ate e arlier t hat t hat c onsidered b y P arsons, made p robable t he i dentification o f f urther s tamp-types u sed b y p ipemakers i n t hose t owns . T he e xamination o f t hese e arlier b owl-types f rom a n umber o f N orth E ast s ites r evealed t hree s tamp-types i n a ddition t o , a nd e arlier t han, t hose r ecognised b y P arsons. A n ew Typology h as t herefore b een f ormulated with i ndividual T ypes i dentified b y t he l etters A F . t he ' new' t ypes, and Types D - F are Parsons

T ypes A - C a re Types ' a' -

r espectively . A s w ith t he b owl-types, t he name ' Tyneside ' h as b een a dopted ( Figures 7 a nd 8 ). I t was a pparent t hat most s tamp-types c ontained s ub-types d istinguishable b y d ifferences o f d esign within t he b asic t yped esign . I t was t herefore n ecessary not o nly t o d etermine t he s equence a nd b road d ate-ranges o f t he main s tamp-types, b ut a lso i nvestigate t he p ossibility t hat a c hronological s equence o f s ubt ypes within e ach s tamp-type might b e d etectable. T his r equires c ertain p oints t o b e e stablished . F irstly, t he b owl-types o n which i ndividual s tamps a re k nown t o h ave b een u sed. S econdly, t he i dentification o f s tamps s o s imilar t hat t hey may h ave b een p roduced w ithin a s hort p eriod o f t ime, p erhaps even b y a s ingle p erson e mployed b y a n umber o f p ipemakers t o p roduce t heir s tamps. F inally, t he k nown working p eriods o f s tamp-using p ipemakers, p articularly t heir d ates o f d eath . C ertain o ther f actors must t hen b e c onsidered. H ow much o f t he t otal working p eriod o f a ny g iven p ipemaker d oes t he k nown working p eriod c omprise, a nd d oes t he l atter n ecessarily e qual t he p eriod d uring which h e s tamped h is p ipes o r t hat h is s tamps were u sed? F urthermore, d o s ub-types n ecessarily r eflect s pecific " fashions", a nd d o i ndividual s tamps w ithin a ny g iven s ub-type h ave a s imilar d ate o f manufacture? T he s tamps i dentified d uring t his s tudy a re i llustrated i n F igures 9 -19. T ypes A - D a nd F a re d rawn a t a s cale o f 2 : 1 . T ype E s tamps a re d rawn a t

1: 1 .

1

T ype A A '

A2

A3

A4

A5

s tar

f l eur-de -lys

r ose

i n it ia ls o n ly

p e l le ts

A '

A ' ( 66 6 )

c ross f leur ie .

h exagona l ;da te

T ype B B '

f o l iage

T ype C B2

C '

2

p e l le ts

B3

f l eur-delys

s tars 0

2 cms

F ig.

7

C rown ,rose ,s tars

S tamp-Types A -C

1 2

D '

3

n ame o n ly

D8

D7

D6

f l ower , leaves

f o l iage d own

f o l iage u p

l eaves

T ype E El

s tars ,da te

E2

4 3 2/

E3

-‘ 09

r ose ,i n it ia l

i n it ia ls

E4

r oses a nd i n i t ia ls

E5 \ t e 7 #

r oses

h and ,crown

T ype F 0

2

ia

C MS

ec,9

N o te- T ype E a c tua l s ize

F ig.

8

v ine

S tamp-Types D -F

1 3

T able

1

P arish L ist o f N ewcastle T obacco-pipemakers A ll S aints P arish T homas

A llen

R ichard C alder

S t. c 1 651

- 1 657

A ndrews P arish

S tephen

C raister

c 1 643 - 1 644d G eorge E rrington

c 1 673-

1 676

c 1 688 - 1 692

J ohn C heseman

c 1 649

G eorge G renton

c 1 690

J ohn D ixon

c 1 772

S tevan P otter

c 1 669

J ohn G rayson

c 1 653 1654

J ohn J obson

c 1 731

T homas R ichardson ( Pilgrimgate) E dward S andelings

c 1 701 c 1 670

T homas J obson

c 1 733

R obert S tougenes

c 1 661d

J ohn L yons

c 1 784

E dward W alter

c 1 779

R alph M adely

c 1 649 - 1 657

E dward W iggam

c 1 682

R obert M itchel

c 1 764 - 1 777

R ichard W illiamson

c 1 663 - 1 667

J ames M urray

c 1 746

R oger P ostell

c 1 658 - 1 659

W illiam P oulson

c 1 689

S t.

R oger R ain

c 1 698

E dmund R obinson

c 1 655 - 1 656

J ames M orris ( Herber T ower) J ohn M orris

- 1 735

J ohns P arish

c 1 714 c 1 748

E dward S andelings

c 1 672 - 1 675

J ohn S cott

c 1 765

S t.

J ohn S hoebread

c 1 690 - 1 695

W illiam C raggs

c 1 712

G eorge S mith

c 1 715

T homas D odds

c 1 690

R obert S tringfields c 1 765 - 1 773

S tephen F ife

c 1 680

J ohn T hompson

c 1 765 - 1 773

B artholomew R adcliffe c 1 734d

F rederick W atson

c 1 673

T homas R ichardson ( Balygate)

E dwardWiggam E dward W olfe

c 1 685

- 1 734

N icholas P arish

J ohn T ennant J ames W anless

c 1 655d

1 4

c 1 706 c 1 743-1749 c 1 692

T able 2 S treet S treet B ottle B ank

I ndex o f G ateshead T obacco-pipemakers N ame

D ate

W illiam W ilkinson

c 1 718

J ohn N orris

c 1 801

C hurch S treet

W illiam W ilson

c 1 801

F ore S treet

M ichael P arke

c 1 705

G eorge P arke

c 1 706d

J ohn T hompson I I

c 1 712

T homas W ardhaugh

c 1 801

G eorge S treet

B rown & H ewitson

c 1 790

H illgate

J ohn B owman

c 1 689d

T homas M arshall

c 1 782 - 1 784

M argaret M arshall

c 1 787

L aing & M arshall

c 1 790

R obert M arshall

c 1 801

L ow C hurch C hair

B rown & H ewitson

c 1 787

L ow C hurch S treet

B rown & C o.

c 1 795

B rown & W ilson

c 1 801

T aylor A nsell

c 1 750s

M ary A nsell

c 1 780s

J ohn C lemison

c 1 802

S mirke & A ndrews

c 1 787

P ipewellgate

T ollbooth N ote.

T he west e nd o f C hurch Walk, L ow C hurch C hair, L ow C hurch S treet a nd t he n orthern t hird o f C hurch S treet a re o ne a nd t he s ame .

1 5

T able 3 . B owl-Type C onversion P arsons

O swald

T yneside

l a

l a

c 1 635 - 1 650

l b

l b

c 1 635 - 1 650

2 a

2 a

c 1 645 - 1 660

2 b

2 b

c 1 645 - 1 660

3 a

3 a

c 1 650 - 1 675

3 b

3 b

c 1 650 - 1 675

1

5

4

c 1 630 - 1 645

2

6

5

C 1 645 - 1 660

3 ,4

7

6

c 1 650 - 1 680

8

7

c 1 660 - 1 680

9

8

c 1 670 - 1 690

9

c 1 680 - 1 710

5 6

D ate

7

1 0

c 1 680 - 1 720

8

1

c 1 680 - 1 720

9

1 2

c 1 680 - 1 720

1 0

1 3

c 1 710 - 1 750

1

1 4

c 1 700 - 1 780

1 2

1 5

c 1 700 - 1 780

1 6

T able 4 P ipemakers l a.

" G.C."

l b.

" G.C." J ohn G rayson

2 a.

" G.C." J ohn G rayson W illiam S ewell

:B owl-Type

9 .

E dward C raggs J oseph F awell M ichael P arke J ohn R odchester J ohn T hompson

1 0.

H enry H olmes I I

1 2.

E dward C raggs J ohn H astings I I M ichael P arke

2 b.

J ohn B owman " G.C." J ohn G rayson

1 3.

R obert C olling E dward C raggs J ohn H astings I I

W illiam S ewell 3 a.

" G.C."

H enry H olmes I I A rthur M ould

" N. W. 3 b.

" N.W."

6 .

J ohn B owman W illiam H arle L eonard H olmes T homas P arke I I R oger R ain

8 .

J ohn B owman E dward C raggs H enry H olmes I L eonard H olmes M ichael P arke T homas P arke I I J ohn P atteson M ichael S waddel J ohn T hompson H enry W alker

J ohn C olling

R obert M ould P arke F amily M ichael P arke 1 4.

J ohn H astings I I A rthur M ould

T ype A ,

c .1635 - 1 675.

H eart-shaped r elief s tamps o n h eart-shaped b ases . t he

maker 's

i nitials o ver a nother s ymbol .

N ormally c omprise

T he T ype o ccurs

o n b owl-

t ypes l a, l b, 2 a, 2b, 3 a a nd 3 b, p roduced b y " G.C .", J ohn Grayson a nd " N.W." of N ewcastle, a nd John B owman a nd William S ewell of G ateshead. T ype A s tamps s how a London a nd T hames V alley a rea i nfluence. H eart-shaped sta mps are com monly found in Berkshire, B uckinghamshire, O xfordshire a nd t he T hames V alley ( 40 ). T hose f rom T yneside a re d ated b y bowl-typology t o c .1635 - 1 675, a lthough t he m aterial e xamined would t end to s uggest a d ate n earer t o 1 640 f or t heir c ommencement . A part f rom t he b owl-types t he o nly c lues t o t he q uestion of date are t he death of William S ewell i n

1 651

and t he

f act t hat s ub-type A7 must date t o 1 666 o r l ater. John B owman may o r may not have b een a p ipemaker a t t he t ime of h is marriage i n 1 645 . J ohn Grayson i s o nly r ecorded i n 1 653 a nd 1 654, and n othing i s

known

about

A ppendix).

I t

r epresent

s tyles

A l

a nd A 2,

the

i s

working

possible

f avoured

a nd t hat

b y

l ives

that more

of

" G.C."

sub-types t han

o ne

A l,

and A2,

p ipemaker,

" N.W." A4

( see

and

A5

p articularly

i ndividual s tamps w ithin t hose s ub-types

may b e

a pproximately contemporary i n date o f manufacture, i f not u se.

I f

t hat i s s o, a ll t hat c an b e s tated o n t he k nown evidence i s t hat A 4 a nd A 5 were i ntroduced p rior t o t he d eath o f William S ewell i n A pril 1 651.

1 8

T able 5 T ype A S tamps. S ub-Types A l A 2 A 3 A 4

I nitials o ver a s tar I nitials o ver a f leur-de-lis I nitials o ver a f ive s epal r ose I nitials o nly

A S A 6

I nitials, w ith p ellets i n t he f ield I nitials o ver a c ross-fleurie

A 7

O ctagonal s tamp,

S ub-Types A l

c omprising d ate o ver i nitials.

M aker " G. C ." J ohn G rayson

" N.W.

I t

J ohn B owman A 2

S tamp N o. 4 1 2 5 1 1

B owl-type 2 a. l b, 2 b. l b, 2 a, 2 a. l a, 2 a 2 b.

7 3 2 4

2 b. l b, l a. 3 b.

1 2 3 8

l a, 2 a. l a, 2 a,

J ohn G rayson W illiam S ewell

4 1

2 b. 2 a.

W illiam S ewell

3 2

A 6

" G.C."

5

A 7

" N.W."

7

J ohn G rayson " N.W."

A 3

A 4

A 5

N ote . O nly o ne e xample o f A 7 i s k nown,

2 b.

2 b.

2 a,

2 b.

2 a, 2 b,

2 b. 3 a.

l a, 2 b.

3 a,

3 b.

2 a,

2 b.

a nd was d iscovered i n L ondon .

T he b owl i s missing, b ut O swald b elieves t hat i t may have b een a T ype 3 o f t he N ewcastle p ipemaker " N . 1 4 ."

1 9

T ype B ,

c .1655 1675.

C ircular-shaped s tamps i n r elief o n h eart-shaped a nd c ircular b ases, c omprising t he m aker 's i nitials b etween o ther s ymbols . T he T ype o ccurs o n b owl-types 2 a, 3 a a nd 3 b p roduced b y " G .C .", J ohn G rayson a nd " N .W." o f N ewcastle . A s w ith T ype A , T ype B s tamps h ave t heir o rigins i n L ondon a nd t he s outh o f E ngland ( 41). H owever, t hey a re c losest i n d esign t o g roups o f a nalogous p ipes f rom Y ork a nd H ull . T he Y ork p ipes d ate t o c .1650 - 1 690 a nd i n p articular d emonstrate t he t hree T yneside v arieties B 1, B 2 a nd B 3 ( 42 ). T he H ull s tamps, which a re a lso v ery s imilar , h ave b een d ated t o c .1660 - 1 690 ( 43 ). T he u se o f a f oliate d esign i n s ub-type B 1 s uggests t hat t hat i s t he f orerunner o f t he d istinctive T yneside T ype D s tamp . T able 6 S ub-Types B 1 B 2 B 3 S ub-Type

I nitials w ith f oliate d esign a bove a nd b elow I nitials w ith t hree p ellets a bove a nd o ne b elow I nitials w ith s tar a bove a nd b elow M aker

S tamp N o.

B owl-Type

B 1

" N.W."

5 6

3 b 3 a, 3 b

B 2

" G.C."

9

? 3

B 3

J ohn G rayson

5

2 a

T ype C ,

c .1670 - 1 680.

L ozenge-shaped s tamps i n r elief o n t he s tems . T he s tamps a re q uartered , w ith t he m aker 's i nitials i n t he l eft a nd r ight q uarters . T he T ype o ccurs o n b owl-types 6 a nd 8 p roduced b y J ohn B owman, G eorge C arter, E dward C raggs, L eonard H olmes, L uke M axwell, T homas P arke I I, M ichael S waddel a nd H enry W alker o f G ateshead . W ith t he e xception o f C raggs, who i s f irst r ecorded i n 1 678, t here i s e vidence t o s uggest t hat a ll t hese m en w ere w orking b y 1 675 ( see A ppendix O ne). I n p articular, B owman, H olmes, Maxwell a nd P arke w ere n amed i n t he C harter o f 1 675 . J ohn P attison , a lso n amed i n t he C harter, h as n o k nown T ype C s tamp. H owever, t he T ype i s r are a nd h is ' non-appearance ' may merely b e ar esult o f t hat . T he T ype a s a w hole p robably d ates c .1670 - 1 680 a t t he v ery l atest, a nd m ay r epresent t he f irst a ttempt b y G ateshead p ipemakers t o e stablish a s tamp-type e xclusive t o t hemselves. I t a ppears t o h ave b een r elatively s hort-lived a nd b een r eplaced b y T ype D .

2 0

T able 7 T ype C S tamps S ub-Types C l

I nitials i n l eft a nd r ight q uarters. u pper a nd l ower q uarters.

C 2

I nitials a nd s tars i n l eft a nd r ight q uarters . a nd s tars i n u pper q uarter, r ose a nd s tar i n q uarter.

S ub-Type C l

C 2

T ype D .,

M aker

S tamp N o.

J ohn B owman G eorge C arter L eonard H olmes T homas P arke I I H enry W alker

2 1 1 1 1

E dward C raggs

1

L uke M axwell M ichael S waddel

1 1

F leur-de-lis i n

C rown l ower

B owl-type 6 ,

8

6 8

c .1675 - 1 710.

O val-shaped s tamps,

n ormally i ncuse, o n t he s tem. C omprising

t he maker 's n ame with ( excepting s ub-types D 1 a nd D 8) a f oliate d esign a bove a nd b elow. T he T ype o ccurs o n b owl-types 6 , 8 , 9a nd 1 3 p roduced b y E dward C raggs, J ohn a nd R obert C olling, J oseph F awell, William H arle, A rthur a nd J ohn H astings I , H enry, J ohn a nd L eonard H olmes, R obert Mould, G eorge, M ichael a nd T homas P arke I I, J ohn P attison , J ohn R odchester , M ichael Swaddel, T homas T aylor , J ohn T hompson a nd H enry Walker o f G ateshead, t ogether w ith R oger R ain o f N ewcastle. T ype D would a ppear t o b e a d evelopment o f t he s ub-type B 1 s tamp o f " N.W." o f N ewcastle which was a pparently d erived f rom Y orkshire a nd H ull s tamps a s d escribed a bove. I t a ppears t o r epresent a n a ttempt b y t he G ateshead p ipemakers t o e stablish a " trade mark" f or t hemselves, a nd a s s uch may b e c onnected with t he 1 675 C harter . R oger R ain 's u se o f t his o therwise e xclusively G ateshead s tamp-type m ight i ndicate t hat h e g ained a dmittance t o t he G ateshead C ompany o f P ipemakers . T he T ype a s a whole h ad b een i ntroducd b y mid-1675 a t t he l atest. J ohn P attison h ad o ne s ub-type D 5 s tamp . H e w as b uried o n t he 3 0th S eptember 1 675 ( 44 ). H owever , t here a re a n umber o f o ther c lues t o a p ossible s equence o f i ntroduction o f t he v arious s ubt ypes w ithin T ype D . I n 1 684 t he R efectory o f D urham C athedral was r estored, with a n ew f loor l aid o ver a ssorted d ebris ( 45). S ealed u nder t he n ew f loor w ere p ipes b earing t he f ollowing s tamps:-

2 1

H enry H olmes

1

L eonard H olmes T homas P arke I I

3 , 2 ,

J ohn P attison

1

J ohn T hompson

2 ,

H enry W alker

2

4 3 ,

4 ,

6

3

W ith t he e xception of Walker 's s tamp, a s ub-type D 4, t hese a re a ll s ub t ype D 5.

A lso f ound were o ne e xample e ach of L eonard H olmes's

a nd T homas P arke's T ype C s tamps.

2 2

T able 8 T ype D S tamps S ub-Types D 1 D 2 -D 6

M aker 's n ame o nly M aker's n ame w ith f oliage a bove a nd b elow

D 2

U pper f oliage p oints t o t op o f s tamp

D 3 D 4

A s D 2, b ut w ith p unctuation m arks U pper f oliage p oints t o c entre o f s tamp

D 5 D 6

A s D 4, b ut w ith p unctuation m arks U pper f oliage c omprises s ingle f lower a nd l eaves

D 7 D 8

S ub-Type

Maker 's b elow

i nitials

M aker

S tamp N o.

L eonard H olmes J ohn T hompson

D 2

J oseph F awell

2

M ichael P arke

3 3 4

D 4

l eaf a bove a nd

M aker 's n ame w ith t wo s tars a bove a nd d ate b elow

D 1

D 3

w ith s ingle

2 1

J ohn T hompson

7 6

R obert C olling A rthur H astings T homas P arke I I J ohn R odchester J ohn T hompson

4 2 5 2 7

J ohn C olling R obert C olling E dward C raggs

1 1 3 4

H enry H olmes I

5 2

J ohn H olmes R obert M ould M ichael P arke R oger R ain J ohn R odchester

B owl-type

2 1 5 6 1 1

2 3

8 1 3

8 8

8 9

1 3 9 9

T able 9 T ype D S tamps c ontd. S ub-Type D 4 c ontd.

M aker

S tamp N o.

J ohn T hompson H enry W alker

D 5

E dward C raggs

J oseph F awell W illiam H arle A rthur H astings J ohn H astings I H enry H olmes I J ohn H olmes L eonard H olmes G eorge P arke M ichael P arke T homas P arke I I

J ohn P attison M ichael S waddel T homas T aylor

D 6

D 7 D 8

4 5 2

8 8

2 3 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4

6

8 6 8

1 1 2 2 3 4 6 1 2 1

J ohn T hompson

2 3

J ohn C olling

2 3

R obert C olling

5

E dward C raggs J oseph F awell

7 4

T homas P arke I I

5 7

M ichael P arke G eorge P arke

8 2

B owl-type

8 6 8 8 8 8 8

1 3

T he c rudity o f J ohn T hompson 's s tamp 1 , a s ub-type D 1, s uggests t hat i t i s e arlier t han h is o ther s tamps. T he o ther s ub-type D 1 s tamp, L eonard H olmes 's s tamp 2 , may b e o f s imilar d ate . S tamps o f s ub-type D 6 a ppear t o b e s o s imilar t hat t hey m ay r epresent t he work o f a s ingle s tamp-maker, p ossibly p roduced o ver a s hort p eriod o f t ime . I f t hat i s t he c ase, t he l ist o f p ipemakers u sing t hat s ubt ype would s uggest a d ate o f c .1700 . S ub-type D 8 m ust d ate t o 1 697 o r l ater, a nd s ub-type D 7 a ppears t o b e t ransitional b etween T ypes D a nd E . T he

e vidence

would

t herefore

2 4

s uggest

t hat

s ub-type

D 1

was

i ntroduced

b efore

1 684,

i ntroduced b y m id-1675 ;

a nd

p robably

c .1675;

s ub-type

s ub-type D 4 w as i ntroduced b efore

t ypes D 2 a nd D 3 were i ntroduced i n t he mid-1680s; i ntroduced s ub-type

i n

D 7

e mphasised

1 697: i s

t hat

s ub-type

p erhaps t his

i s

D 6

w as

a l ittle m erely

was s ub-

s ub-type D 8 was

p robably

i ntroduced

l ater.

However,

a p ossible

D 5

1 684 ;

s equence

c .1700, i t

o f

f or an u nknown

p eriod.

T he Colling b rothers,

who

each

s tarted

c .1700,

h ad s tamps of s ub-types D 3, D 4 and D 6, f or i nstance.

t ype D 1

h ad p robably c eased t o b e u sed y ears p reviously,

f act

b e

i ntroduction

a nd t hat t he v arious s ub-types were p robably u sed a longside o ther

a nd

must

S ub-

b ut

t he

t hat n either o f t he C olling b rothers s eem t o h ave h ad s tamps o f

s ub-types D 2 a nd D 5 s uggests t hat t hey t oo h ad p assed o ut of f avour b y c .1700. T he f ew sub-type D 5 s tamps with b owls s till a ttached w ould s uggest t hat t hat s ub-type s tarted t o b e p hased out e arly

i n

t he

1 690s.

T ype

D a s

a whole

e ighteenth c entury.

was

p hased

o ut

T he l ast s tamp,

o f

the

Michael P arke's s tamp 8 ,

i n

t he

f irst

d ecade

a nd

o nly k nown e xample of a s ub-type D 7, was p robably made j ust a fter 1 700 .

B y

1 710 a t

t he

l atest

t he

T ype

h ad

p robably

b een

t otally

r eplaced b y T ype E s tamps. T ype E , c .1680 1750 M oulded s tamp i n r elief o n t he s ides of h eels and s purs. o ccurs o n bowl-types 8 , R obert C olling, A rthur

a nd

1 0,

1,

1 2,

1 3 a nd

T he Type

1 4 p roduced b y J ohn a nd

E dward Craggs, J ohn H astings I I, H enry H olmes I I,

R obert

Mould,

Michael

P arke

a nd

J ohn

R odchester

of

t ype of s tamp originated

i n

G ateshead. O swald

h as

p ointed

out

t hat

t his

s outhern E ngland c .1670 a nd b ecame c ommon t hroughout ( 46).

T he g auntlet u sed o n s ub-type E 5 i s k nown i n C entral S outhern

E ngland b etween c .1630 a nd b etween c .1650 a nd 1 700 ( 47 ). p roduced b y R obert C olling,

1 670, a nd B rosely a nd S taffordshire O nly a s ingle e xample o f s ub-type E 5, i s k nown t o d ate.

m ay b e s imilar t o t hose o utlined b y O swald, m ay

r eflect

a rms

t he c ountry

a l ocal

t rade

c onnection .

Whilst i ts o rigins

i ts u se o n t his o ccasion

T he g auntlet

of the Newcastle Company of F eltmakers.

f eatures

o n

t he

Many of t he e arly

t obacconists i n N ewcastle were F reemen o f t hat C ompany

( 48 ).

T he l ist of p ipemakers known t o have u sed Type E s tamps would s uggest t hat after t he i t

c eased

a ltogether

1 720s i t s tarted t o b e p hased o ut,

c .1750 .

2 5

a nd t hat

T able

1 0

T ype E S tamps S ub-Types E l E 2 E 3 E 4 E 5 S ub-Type E l

E 2

R ose o n l eft s ide, f amily i nitials o n r ight s ide F irst-name i nitial o n l eft s ide, f amily i nitials o n r ight s ide. A s E 2, b ut w ith a r ose a bove b oth i nitials R ose o n b oth s ides. N ormally w ith e ight p etals, b ut s even a nd n ine p etal r oses o ccur. G auntlet o n l eft s ide, M aker

S tamp N o.

C olling f amily

1

H astings f amily P arke f amily

1 1

J ohn C olling R obert C olling E dward C raggs

4 6 8

J ohn H astings I I H enry H olmes I I A rthur M ould

R obert M ould M ichael P arke J ohn R odchester

c rown o n r ight s ide. B owl-types

1 3 1 3 1 2,

9 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 9 3 4

9 1 2, 1 4 1 0, 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 3 1 2,

E 3

R obert C olling

7

1 3

E 4

R oses

1 2 3 4

1 0 1 0, 1, 3 ,

E 5

R obert C olling

8

2 6

1 3 1 3 1 3

1 3

1, 1 2, 1 2,

1 2, 1 3 1 4

1 3

T ype F ,

c .1780 - 1 820.

I ncuse r ouletted s tamp,

c omprising a v ine d esign a bove a nd b elow t he

m aker's n ame,

o n t he s tem.

o f G ateshead,

i s k nown t o h ave u sed t his T ype .

w ith t he maker 's i nitials,

O nly o ne T yneside p ipemaker,

H ugh C oates

A s imilar s tamp,

b ut

was u sed b y C aleb Wilson o f S underland

k nown t o b e working c .1761 1802 ( 49). T able

1

T ype F S tamps S ub-Type

M aker

F 1

S tamp N o.

H ugh C oates

B owl-type.

1

C onclusions T he

T yneside

N ewcastle

t obacco-pipemaking

d uring t he e arly

1 630s .

i ndustry

was

A major f actor

e stablished

i n

i n

s iting s uch a n

i ndustry i n t he area was t he abundance of readily available c oal. S everal o f the e arliest p ipemakers p robably o riginated f rom o ther p ipemaking-centres

i n t he s outh o f E ngland .

w as a p ipemaking i ndustry i n Gateshead. G uild t he

r egulations

B y t he m id-1640s t here T his

was

e ncouraged

which r estricted t he N ewcastle p ipemakers,

1 660s t he majority o f

p ipemakers

w ere

t o b e f ound

b y

a nd b y

i n G ateshead .

T he g rowth o f t he i ndustry c an b e s hown t o b e c learly r elated t o t he g rowths i n p opulation o f t he t wo t owns . A t otal o f f orty f ive p ipemakers a re r ecorded i n N ewcastle b efore c .1800, c ompared t o n inety f ive a t G ateshead . O f t hese, t hirty t wo a re known to have s tamped t heir p ipes. t ypes

a nd

s ix

s tamps a ppear w ith

t he

s tamp-types t o d ate

maker 's

t hirty y ears

n ame

c an

b e

t o c .1635, c ontinued

A t otal of f ifteen b owl-

a ttributed a nd

t he

u ntil

t o

t hem .

T he

c .1750 .

I t

r ecommenced

l ater a nd c ontinued i nto t he t wentieth c entury .

2 7

e arliest

p ractice o f s tamping p ipes s ome

T a b le 1 2 .

S t am p C a ta lo gue .

N e w cas t le . S t am p N o . 1 . 1 .

' 6 .C .'

S t am p T y pe .

D e s cr ipt io n .

S t em B o re .

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a m a ge d .

P i pe N u mbe r .

( c 1 6 35 - 1 6 75 ). A 3

L a rge l e tte rs o v e r

8 / 64

5s e pa l r o se . P l a in i n ne r b o rde r .

7 / 64

1 1 3

1 l a

3

2 a

4

2 b

3

3

A 3

A 3

L a rge l e tte rs 5s e pa l r o se . i n ne r b o rde r . S m a ll l e tte rs 5s e pa l r o se . i n ne r b o rde r

o v e r C o rde d o v e r P l a in

8 / 64

2

2 a

2

7 / 64 9 / 64 8 / 64

1 1 7

2 a 2 a

1 6

1

1 7 / 64

1 6

l a

2

2 a

1 0

2 b

2 2

6 / 64

5

B 6 P 2 4 3 B 6 P 3 5 6 8 6 P 3 8 2 8 6 P 4 8 3 8 6 P 4 9 1 B 6 P 5 9 1 B 6 P 6 1 9 B 6 P 6 2 B 6 P 5 2 0 B 6 P 5 7 3 B 6 P 6 7 2 8 6 P 2 9 8 8 6 P 6 1 6 B 6 P 6 2 0 8 6 P 4 8 1 B 6 P 4 8 7 J A 67 /DB /2 B 6 P 1 4 7 B 6 P 1 7 0 B 6 P 1 9 5 8 6 P B 6 P B P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

1 9 6 3 5 5 4 7 7 7 1 5 4 0 5 3 2 7

B 6 P B 6 P 8 6 P 8 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P 8 6 P B 6 P B 6 P 8 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

4 6 9 2 5 7 3 6 9 3 9 7 4 6 6 4 6 7 4 7 3 4 7 6 4 7 9 6 1 7 6 8 0 3 7 2 4 7 0 4 6 5

l a l b

1 2

B 6 P 4 7 1 B 6 P 4 6 8 B 6 P 3 2 6

2 a

2

B 6 P 3 7 0 B 6 P 4 7 5 8 6 P 4 8 0

2 8

NE WCASTLE S TAMPS G . C . GC 1

5

3

6

9

8 J ohn G rayson

1

2

3 R oge r R a in

R OGER RA I N

F ig . 9 2 9

4

5

S t am p N o . 4 .

S t am p T y pe . A l

D e s cr ipt ion .

S t em B o re .

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a ma ge d .

L a rge l e tte rs o v e r

9 / 64

1

2 a

1

B 6 P 4 8 5

5p o in t s t a r . P l a in i n ne r b o rde r .

8 / 6 4

2

2 a

2

7 / 6 4

7

La

6

9 / 64 7 / 64

1 9

2 b 2 a

1 7

B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B G P B G P B G P B G P B 6 P B 6 P B G P B G P

1 5 .

A 6

L a rge l e tte rs o v e r c r ossf leu r ie . I n com p le te p l a in I n ne r b o rde r .

A l

7 .

A 2

8 .

A 3

9 .

2 .

A S

J o hn G r ayso n

C r u de l e tte rs o v e r 4p o in t s t a r . L a rge l e tte rs o v e r f l eu r d e u s . P l a in i n ne r b o rde r . S m a ll l e tte rs o v e r 5s e pa l r o se . P l a in i n ne r b o rde r , u p on w h ich ' 6 ' i m p inges .

L a rge l e tte rs , 3d o ts a b ove a n d 1b e low .

4 6 1 5 9 0 2 1 9 2 5 3 3 1 0 5 0 5 6 1 5 6 1 8 6 2 2 4 8 8 1 2 7

B 6 P 3 9 4 B G P 3 9 5

1

6 .

P i pe N u mbe r .

2 b

2

B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B G P B G P B G P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

6 0 9 6 1 3 3 0 9 3 9 8 4 8 2 4 8 4 4 8 9 1 9 4 7 2 2 6 2 1

7 / 64

1

2 a

1

7 / 64

2

2 b

2

B G P 4 8 6 B 6 P 5 4 2

8 / 64 7 / 64

1 5

2 a 2 b

1 3

3 a

1

B G P B G P B 6 P B G P B 6 P

8 / 64

1

1 1

2 1 4 3 7 1 3 9 6 4 7 2 4 7 8

B 6 P 4 7 4 8 6 P 2 7 0

( c 1 6 53 - 1 6 54 ).

A l

M e d ium l e tte rs o v e r 5p o int s t a r .

8 / 6 4 7 / 64

1 2

A l

L a rge r v e rs io n o f

7 / 64

1

a b o ve . P l a in i n ne r b o rde r .

2 a l b 2 b l b

1 1 1 1

B F P B 6 P B 6 P B F P

2 7 2 4 1 9 5 2 4 1 8 0

2 a

3

2 b

6

B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B G P

3 1 1 4 1 8 5 8 9 2 6 0 4 5 9 5 3 4

B G P 5 4 6

3 0

S t am p N o .

S t am p T y pe .

D e s c r ipt ion .

A 2

M e d ium l e tters o v e r f l eu rdelis . P l a in i n ne r b o rde r .

3 .

S t em B o re . 8 / 64 7 / 64

N o . 1 8

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a ma ge d .

P i pe N u m be r .

1 l b

2

J A 69 /CU /3 R E P 5 4 3 R E P 6 1 0

2 a 2 b

1 3

B F P 2 9 8 6 P 4 1 7

3 a

2

4 .

A 4

L a rge l e tte rs . C r o sse d I

8 / 64

1

2 b

1

R E P 1 3 6 P B F P B F P R E P

5 .

8 3

L a rge l e tte rs . 5 p o int s t a r a b ove

8 / 64 7 / 64

1 2

2 a 2 a

1 1

B F P 2 7 1 B F P 1 8 5

3 a

1

J A 66 /SD /4

a n d b e low . P l a in i n ne r b o rde r . 3 . R ou r R a in 1 .

( c 1 6 98 ). D 4

R O GER /R A IN . F o l ia te d e s ig n a b ove a n d b e low .

7 / 6 4

6 / 64

3

1

3

9

1 1 0

4 .

6 1 2 7 0 7 1 4 8 2 6 9 6 1 1

B F P 7 4 B P K /2 15 /2 D M 683 /69 /4 D M 683 /4 1/2 C L S /5 B F P 1 2 J A /S u r face / 1 J A 6 6 /CR /3 J A 67 /C L /i J A 75 /8 G/ 1 J A 7b ;EP /1 D M 6 83 /70/4 D M 6 83 /82 /8 D 6 85 /30 / 1

" NA .' ( c 1 6 35 - 1 6 75 ).

1 .

A l

M e d ium l e tte rs o v e r 5p int s t a r .

7 1 64

2 .

A 2

M e d iu m l e tte rs o v e r f l e u r-de lis .

7 / 64

4

1

l a

3

2 a l a

1 7

4

B 6 P R E P B 6 P B 6 P R E P B 6 P R E P B 6 P R E P 8 6 P B 6 P B 6 P R E P

4 0 4 4 0 8 4 1 4 4 0 9 3 6 0 3 7 9 3 8 0 3 8 6 4 0 7 4 1 0 4 1 2 3 6 1 4 1 6

B 6 P 5 2 2 8 6 P 5 9 9

3 1

N . W .

1

2

3

4

5

/1 6 66

NW \ I

6

7

GATESHEAD STAMPS J ohn B owman

1

2

Geo rge Ca r ter

H ugh Coa tes

3a l reL

f r : c krs

F ig.

1 0

3 2

S t am p N o . 3 .

S t amp T y pe .

D e scr ipt ion .

4

L a rge l e tte rs . 2

S t em B o re . 8 / 64

N o . 3

d o ts a b ove , 4b e low .

B o w l T y pe . 3 a

N o .

D a maged .

1

P i pe N u mber . B F P

3 b

1

BGP 5 1 3 B P 6 7 0

7 / 64

6

l a

1

3 a

1

B G P 5 0 7 B P K /1/ 10

3 b

I

B G P 4 1 1 3

B F P 3 4 0 B G P 4 1 3 B P K /85 /2

4 .

4 2

L a rge l e tte rs o v er

6 / 64

1

2 a

1

7 / 64

2

3 b

1

c r ude f l eu rdelis . 5 .

8 1

B F P 28 B G P 6 0 8 1

B G P 5 8 8

S m a ll l e tte rs w i th

8 / 64

1

3 b

1

B G P 6 0 7

f o liage a b ove a n d

7 / 64

3

3 b

3

B G P 5 0 6

b e low .

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B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a maged .

P i pe N u mber .

2 1 . P a rke F a m ily . 1 .

E l

R o se o n l e ft h e e l,

7 / 64

1

Po n r i ght h e e l.

6 / 64

3

1 1 3

2

J A 78 /DL /8 D R B /4 J A 67/5 1/1

1

D M 683/24 /2

2 . G e orge P a rke t_ i c 1 6 95 - 1 7 06d ). D 5

6 E 0R :/PARK+

7 / 64

4

4

F o lia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low .

B F P 2 5 2 C 7 2 /A J/2 C 7 2 /ET /1 J A 75 /DK /1

2 .

D 8

6 E 0R /PARK /1697

6 / 64 7 / 64

1 2

6 / 64

4

8

1

B F P 1 2 3 B P K /263 /1

1

D 6 85/13/2

1

T w o s t ars a b ove n a me .

4

B F P

7 0

D M 683 /82/3 D M 683/82/4 J A 65 /0H /1 2 3 . M i chae l P a rke . ( c 1 6 92 - 1 7 37d ). 1 .

D 5

M I C ::/PARK :

8 / 64

1

F o lia te d e s ign a b ove

7 / 64

8

1 9

1

a n d b e low p u nctuated

B P K80 /1/1 B F P 2 8 4

7

n a me .

B F P 3 7 4 B P K /2/1 C L S /II/ 1 H P 8 1/S6A /134 J A 63 /AD /2 J A 65 /0 3/1 J A 78 /DP /1

6 / 64

4

4

D U /1 J A 63 /E8 /2 J A 66 /86 /1 J A 78 /CU /1

2 L .

D 5

M I C :/PARK

7 / 64

5

5

B P K/1 C T B /1

F o liate d e s ign a b ove

B P K/226 /1

a n d b e low p u nctuated

B P K80 /1/9

n a me .

C L S/I2 /1 J A /US /5 6 / 64

3

3

B F P 2 1 7 B F P 2 8 9 M C D /

3 .

D 2

M I CHAL /PARKE

7 / 64

8

F o liate d e s ign a b ove

8

1

4

U L X65 /29 7

a n d b e low .

B F P

4 3

B F P 2 3 8 B F P 2 5 3 D M 683 /69f 1 D M 683 /69 /2 D M 683 /77 /2 J A /US /3 6 / 64

4

4

B F P

8 1

B F P 2 6 1

4 7

P ARKE F AM ILY

Geo rge 641 1 t e Ä RK i

1 .2 . CL &E OR PARK r e

9 "

1

2 M ichae l cea

l I CHA L P ARKE ARKE e l W 47 . )7

I C a P ARK

1

2

2 8 3%

F ig.

M ICHAEL

4

3

A 0 a , m1C

M ICH P ARK

P AR K

6

7

5

g r -I g or 8

1 6

4 8

9

S t am p N o . 3c o ntd . 4 .

S t am p T y pe .

0 2

D e s cr ipt io n .

S t em B o re .

M I CH AE L /PARKE F o l iate d e s ign a b ove

7 / 64

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

6

D a ma ge d .

6

a n d b e low .

P i pe N u m be r . D M 683 /48 / 1 D M 683 /82 /2 C 7 2 /AT /3 C L S /A 38 /2 D M 683 /7 7 /1 D R B /2 D R B /8 N M 63 /BA /1

S .

6 .

0 4

D 4

6 / 64

5

5

B F P 8 7 B F P 8 9 B P K /32 /1 D M 683 /5 5 /1 D M 68 3/55 /2

M I CHAL / A R K E F o l ia te d e s ign a b o ve a n d b e low .

7 / 64

2

2

6 / 64

3

3

B P K /2 /2 D R B /1 J A 66 /SK /3 J A 78 /D X/4

M I CH /P ARK F o l ia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low .

7 / 64

3

3

6 / 6 4

7

1 3

1 6

7 .

D 2

M I C /PAR K F o l ia te d e s ign a b o ve a n d b e low .

7 / 64 6 / 64

2

8

1 1 1 2

1 2

J A 78 /ET /4 J A 66 /S F /2 J A 66 /SF /2 J A 78 /E C /2 N C C /2 H L S73 /S602 /237 J A 66 /AV /1 J A 66 /Cg /7 J A 66 /0H /1 J A 66 /SD /2 J A 69 /B I/2 B F P 8 6 B P K /1 C T B /2 B F P 1 4 6 C L S /A62 / 1 C o cks C o lle ct io n 0 6 85 /15 /3 D M 683 /US /1 D M 683 /50 / 1 D M 6 83 /82 / 1 H L S73 /BT I/S6 J A 63 /F0 / 1 J A 66 /F0 /1 J A 66 /F T/4 J A 75 /DN /1 K 6 /4

8 .

0 7

M P T o ba c co l e a f a b ove a n d b e low . I n ne r b o rde r .

7 / 64 6 / 64

1 3

9 .

E 2

Mo n l e ft h e e l . Po n r i gh t h e e l .

7 / 64 6 / 64

1 3 5

1 3

1 3 1 2

1 3

4 9

1 3

1 9

J A 73 /A F /1 J A 67 /B C /1 J A 75 /66 /1 J A 78 /A F/2 C L S /A6 1/1 C L S /A26 /1 J A 78 /JL / 1 U L X65 /30 B F P

2 4

S t amp N o .

S t amp T y pe .

D e scr ipt ion .

S t em B o re .

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a maged .

9c o ntd .

P i pe N u mbe r . B P K /274/27 C L S /I C L S /A 1/ 14 C L S /A 1/15 C L S /A 1/16 C L S/A I/17 C L S /A 1/ 19 C L S /A36 /1 C L S/A38/13 C L S /A38 /14 C L S/A38/15 C L S /A73/I C L S/A73 /2 C L S /A93 /1 C L S /A95 /1 C L S/A98/1 H L SCW72 /F 15 J A 70 /AV /1

1 3

B P K/226 /7 C L S/A 1/20 D M 683/4 1/1 J A 63 /CA /1 J A 65 /A6 Z/1 J A 65 /AH Z/4 J A 7 1/6U /1 J A 73 /EK/1 J A 73 /68 /1 J A 78 /B Z/1 J A 78/DV /2 J A 78 /D X/5

5 / 64

1

1

J A 78 /LZ/1 J A 70 /AA J/1

1

1

C L S/A 1/18

3

3

2 4 . T h omas P a rke ( c 1 6 67 - 1 6 87 ). 1 .

C l

L o zenge-shaped s t amp .

8 / 64

D R B/10

l i s . S t a r a b ove a n d b e low e a ch l e tte r .

7 / 64

R e lie f . 2 .

D 5

T H O+/PARK

D 1 683 /7 /1 D R B /3

L e tte rs a n d f l eur-de-

8 / 64

1

1

C L /52

1

1

D R B/9

3

3

B F P 2 4 8 C 7 2/EU /2

F o liate d e s ign a b ove

C o cks C o lle ct ion

a n d b e low . 7 / 64

1 8

8

3

C L /13 C L /24 U L X65 /10 1 5

B F P

5 8

B F P

9 7

B F P 1 7 1 B F P 2 5 9

5 0

S t am p N o . 2c o ntd

S t amp T y pe .

D e s c r ipt io n .

S t em B o re .

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a ma ge d .

P i pe N u m be r . B F P 2 9 3 B F P 2 9 4 B 6 P 3 6 6 C L / 15 C L /2 9

C L /34 C o cks C o lle ct io n C o cks C o lle ct io n C L S /3 D R B /4

3 .

0 5

11 3 + /PA RK F o lia te d e s ign a b ove

6 / 64 7 / 64

1 1 0

8 6

N C C / 1 C L /25 D M 683 / 18 /2 U L X65 /8

1 3

a n d b e low n a me

U L X65 /9 7

4 .

0 5

H 0 + /ARK F o lia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low .

5 .

0 3

T H O :/PA RK F o lia te d e s ig n a b o ve a n d b e low p u nctua te d n a me .

6 / 64 7 / 64

1 1

1 1

8 / 64 7 / 64

1 8

1 8

6 / 64

6

8

1 5

6 .

0 5

T H OMAS /PARK X

8 / 64

1

F o l ia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low . C r oss a n d

7 / 6 4

3

8

0 6

x T H0 x/PARKE

0 6 8 5 1 13 1 1 D M 683 /99 /1 M C D /2 D M 683 /82 /7 C L /39

B F P 2 4 2 B P K8 0 /1/2 B F K /274 /2 C 7 2 /AT / 1 C 7 2 /AT /2 C 7 2 /88 / 1 C o cks C o lle c t io n C o cks C o lle ct io n M C D /3 B F P 2 4 0 B F P 7 1 B F P 1 5 B F P 1 2 6 J 4 6 6 /FT /3 K 6 /2

1

B F R 2 6 2

2

U L X65 / 11 C L /30

1

h e a rt a f te r n a me . 7 .

B F P 2 0 0 B F P 2 0 5 C L /4 1 C L /44

P B /N K / 1 7 / 64

2

2

B F P 3 J A 78 /E T /5

6 / 64

8

8

B F K /27 4 /1

F o lia te d e s ign a b o ve a n d b e low .

5 1

T homas e

(X ,

. 4

' T M* PARK W 1

TH o e P ARK \ e

2

3

5

4 1 ( 1 1;

K

6

1 4O f

A I L IC

4

7

J ohn P a t t ison #1 1 1

1 0H 9 1

P ATT Z I, N J ohn R odches ter

OHN R ODCH E STER ' W 1 F ig.

3

2

4

1 7

5 2

S t am p N o .

S t amp T y pe .

D e scr ipt ion .

S t em B o re .

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a maged .

7c o ntd

P i pe N u mbe r . D M /59U / 1 J A 65/A6C /2 J A 65/AH Z/3 J A 66 /CS /1 J A 66/DM /1 J 66 /DO /1 J A 73 /C J/1

2 5 . J o hn P a tteson 1 .

0 5

5 / 64

1

7 / 64

4

1

J A 78/EC /3

3

C L /35

( c 1 6 63 - 1 6 75 d ). 1 0 1 1N+PATT /ESON+

8

1

F o lia te d e s ign a b ove

U L X65 /14

a n d b e low .

J A 63 /BN /1 U L X65/15 6 / 64

5

8

3

C L /46 U L X65 / 12 U L X65 /13 2

C L /3 1 C L /37

2 6 . J o hn R o cheste r ( c 1 6 88 - 1 7 18 d ). 1 .

0 4

I O HN /RODCH /ESTER

8 / 64

1

1

B F P 1 6 7

F o lia te d e s ign a b ove

7 / 64

3

3

B F P

a n d b e low .

8

J A 65 /AAK /1 P U / 1 6 / 64

7

9 1

1

B F P

1

B F P 2 5 1 5

5 2

B F P 2 9 0 J A 65 /LF /3 J A 65 /N0 /2 J A 66 /ER /1 J 5 76/AK /1

2 .

0 3

I O HN :RODCH /ESTER

7 / 64

7

7

B F P

8 0

F o liate d e s ign a b ove

B F P 1 0 5

a n d b e low p u nctuated

J A 65/KL /1

n a me .

J A 66 / 1 1P /1 J A 73/A X/1 J A 78/DL /5 J A 78 /DL /6 6 / 64

9

9

8 F 64 /BE/ 1 B F P

1 3

B F P

5 9

B F P 2 0 1 B 6 P 3 6 5 J A 65 /F0 /2 3 .

E 2

Io n l e ft h e e l.

6 / 64

3

3

Ro n r i ght h e e l. 4 .

E 2

Io n l e ft s p u r .

B F P

2 3

J A 63 /DB/1 6 / 64

Ro n r i ght s p u r .

5 3

1

1

J A 70/DA /1 B F P 2 0

W i l l iam S ewe l l

1

2

M ichae l Swade l l

2 T homas T ay lor A , THO: AYLER W'

J ohn T hompson 1OHN

HOM S ON

1 F ig.

3

1 8

5 4

4

S t am p N o ,

S t am p T y pe .

2 7 . W i lliam S e we ll 1 .

A 4

A 5

D e s c r ipt io n .

S t em B o re .

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

D a ma ge d .

P i pe N u m be r .

( c 1 6 46 - 1 6 15 d ). L e tte rs i n r e lie f .

L e t te rs i n r e l ie f

8 / 64

2

2 a

1

B G P 6 4

2

2 b 2 a

1

7 / 6 4

1 L

6 / 64 7 / 6 4

1 2

2 a 2 b

1 2

B G P B 6 P B G P B F P B G P

a b o ve p e l le tte d f l eu rd e lis . P e lle tte d i n ne r b o rde r .

5 9 5 4 6 2 6 0 3 1 0 8 5 3 5

B G P 5 7 2

2 8 . M i chae l S w adde l , ( c 1 6 70 - 1 6 96 ). 1 .

C 2

L o ze nge -s ha ped s t am p . L e t te rs a n d c r ow n a n d r o s e . S t a r a b ove t h e W. I n r e lie f .

7 / 6 4

1

D 5

M I CAEL /SNAD X/EL F o l ia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low .

8 / 64 7 / 64

1 5

8

1

D R B /7

1

1 9 73 /AD /1 U L X64 /1 U L 1/65 / 16 U L X65 /17 U L X65 /18 B F P 3 7 2

4

1 2 9 . T h omas T a y lo r 1 .

D 5

( c 1 6 97 - 1 7 08 ). T H O :T /A YLER F o lia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low p u nctua te d n a m e .

7 / 64

2

2

6 / 64

1

1

H P 8 1/S6A /57 H P 8 1/SG A /99 H L SCN72 /F 15

3 0 . J o hn T hem o n , ( c 1 6 83 - 1 6 90 d , a n d c1 7 05 - 1 7 13 d ). 1 .

D 1

I O H / T OMP / 0 N a m e o n ly .

7 / 64

2

2

B P K80 / 1/3 C 7 2 /4 1/8

2 .

D 5

1 0 H + / THOMP /SO N X F o l ia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low . C r oss

8 / 64

2

2

7 / 64

3

3

1 4 63 /AD /1 J 4 66 / 1 3F / 1 B F P 1 0 0

a f te r n a me .

3 .

0 5

6 / 64

1

8

1

I O H + / THOM P /SO N X 8 / 64 F o l ia te d e s ign a b o ve a n d b e low . C r oss a f te r

3

8

1

n a m e .

7

7 / 64

C L /33 1 S 73 /A J/1 U L X65 /19 2 7

C L /5 B F P 2 5 4 U L X65 /24 B F P 1 8 2 B 6 P 3 6 7 B P K 1S6 / 1 C 7 2 /AR / 1 C L /36 D M G83 /4 1/3

5 5

O ck . I OHN‘ THOM P SO NI

c z 2, 1 OH N T H OM P S ON I l r i

5

6

Ch .

IOHN+ T H om: PS ON + e

j

7

Henry Wa lker

da b\ M EN U

WA WE I ? ,

% w e

1

F ig .

2

1 9

5 6

e

S t am p N o . 3c o ntd

S t am p T y pe .

D e s c r ipt io n .

S t em B o re . 6 / 64

4 .

D 4

N o . 4

7 / 64

4

6 / 64

3

I O H N /THOM /PSON F o lia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low .

7 / 64

2

I O HN /THOM /PSON

7 / 64

I O HN / H O M /SON

B o w l T y pe . 8

N o . 3

6 .

D 4

D 2

8

1 1

4

4

F o l ia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low . 6 / 64

7 .

D 3

I O H N+ /TH OM :/PSON+ F o l ia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low p u nctua te d n a me .

7 / 64

1 3

7

1 3

8

2 5

6 / 64

4

P i pe N u m be r . D R B /5 C L / 16

C L /26 C L /2 7 1 C 7 2 /A C / 1 4 C o c ks C o lle ct ion J A 65 /M0 /1 J 4 66 /UH /1 J A 78 /KC /1 3 B P K /274 /4 J A 78 /D X/3

F o l ia te d e s ign a b o ve a n d b e low .

5 .

D a ma ge d .

8

2 2

J A 78 /ET /2 U L X65 /2 1 B F P 1 5 5

B P K /274 /3 H L SCW72 /F 15 J A 66 /U X /2 J A 78 /BC / 1 D M 683 /47 /4 J A 65 /AAK /6 J A 66 /CK /2 J A 66 /CP / 1 J A 66 /CO /9 J A 66 /VD /2 J A 67 /B Z/ 1 J A 73 /2/1 J A 78 /CA / 1 J A 78 / 12 / 1 J A 7 8 /06 / 1 J A 78 / 11 /4 J 5 73 /CE / 1 B F P 1 8 7 U L X65 /20 B F P 1 4 0 B F P 2 4 6 C L S /A 19 / 1 J A 65 /L F /4 M C D / 1 U L X65 /22 U L X65 /23 B F P 1 2 0 M C D /5

3 1 . H e nry W a lke r . ( c 1 6 7 4 -1 6 99 d ). 1 .

C l

L o ze nge-s hape d s t am p . L e tte rs a n d f l eu rde l i s . S t a r a b ove a n d b e low e a ch l e t te r . R e lie f .

8 / 64

2

6 / 64

3

2 8

1 2

5 7

B F P 2 1 9 J A 63 /E8 /4 B F P 9 6 B F P 7 9 B F P 2 8 6

S t am p N o .

S t am p T y pe . 0 4

D e s cr ipt ion .

S t em B o re .

H E NRE /WALKER F o lia te d e s ign a b ove a n d b e low .

N o .

B o w l T y pe .

N o .

7 / 64

4

8

3

6 / 6 4

4

8

1

D a ma ged .

P i pe N u m be r . B F P 1 6 8 C L /20 U L X65 /7

3

C o cks C o lle ct io n B F P 9 8 B F P 1 7 2 B F P 2 6 0 C 7 2 /A L / 1

3 2 . U n ce r ta in P i pema ke r ( s ) . E 4

8 pe ta lle d r o se o n r e lie f o n e a ch s i de o f h e e l / s p u r .

7 . 64

1 3

1 0 1 2

1 3

J A 66 /SD /3 B P K / 194 / 1 4 75 /CF /2 J A 7 8/EC /5

1 3

3

B P K /274 / 17 D M 683 /45 / 1 J A 66 /SP / 1 B F P 4 1 8 B F P 4 3 6 B F P 45 B P K /85 /3 B P K /274/ 19 J A 65 /AFY/4 D P K80 / 1/ 15

6

6 / 64

2 6

8

1

1

2

1 2

3

1 3

8

D M 683 /69 /9 J 4 78/FM / 1 D M 683 /69 / 10 J A 63/DR / 1 J A 78 /E C/6 B F P 4 7 2

1

5 / 64 4 / 6 4

5 8

1 1

1 2

1 1

B P K /274 / 14 J A 66 /BE / 1 J A 66/SF /4 J A 66/VD /3 J A 75 /D J/2 J A 78/E T/6 J A 78 /JL /2 J A 69/AP /2 B P K /2 74 / 18 D P K /274 /26 B P K /1CTB /6 J A 65 /F0 /3 J A 65 /A6X /4 J A 73/DN /2 J A 78/CA /2 J A 78/CR /2 J A 78 /DN /2 J A 78 /DX/6 J A 65 /60 / 1 J A 75 /AU / 1 B P K / 1C TD /5

S t am p N o . 2 .

S t amp T y pe . E 4

D e scr ipt ion . A s a b ove , b u t

S t em B o re . 7 / 64

N o . 3

B o w l T y pe . 1

N o .

D a ma ged .

P i pe N u m be r .

2

J A 63 /A X/1

1

9 peta lled r o se .

J A 73 /DJ/1 J A 78 /CR /1

6 / 64

6

1 2

2

B P K/274 /25 C L S /A38 /11

1 3

3

B P K /285 /2 C L S /A38 /10 D M 683 /48 /2 1

5 / 64

5 9

1

1 2

1

J A 78 /AR /2 B F P 4 8 9

T a b le 1 3 U n s tam pe d B o w l C a ta lo gue . N o te .

D e ta ils

B o w l T y pe . l a

l b

o f b o w ls w i th s t amps a r e t o b e f o u nd i n T a b le ' S tamp C a ta lo gue '.

S t em B o re .

N o .

8 / 64 7 / 64

1 1 0

6 / 64 8 / 6 4

7 / 64

2 a

1 9

1

6 / 64

4

9 / 64 8 / 64

1 4

7 / 64

2 4

P i pe N u m be r . 8 6 P B F P B F P B F P B 6 P 8 6 P B 6 P

6 4 2 1 2 9 2 9 5 4 8 6 3 0 6 3 7 6 4 0

B o w l T y pe .

3 6 4 9 1 8 4 3 9 1 3 9 6 4 1 8 5 2 8 6 3 2 6 3 5

B 6 P B 6 P B F P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B F P D F P D F P B 6 P D F P B F P B F P D F P B F P

6 7 8 7 2 6 4 5 3 4 7 6 3 8 7 1 7 4 8 5 1 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 0 3 5 0 4 1 0 7 1 6 6 1 8 9 2 7 4

N o .

2 a c o ntd .

B 6 P 6 5 6 8 6 P 6 8 3 B 6 P 7 2 3 C L 2 N E L73A SD I B F P 5 0 D F P 7 2 B F P 1 0 B F P 1 6 1 B F P 1 7 7 B F P 2 6 B F P 2 7 9 B 6 P 6 4 4 8 6 P 6 5 7 B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

S t em B o re .

2 b

P i pe N u m be r . B F P B G P B G P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

6 / 64

4

8 / 64

8

7 / 74

4 0

B 6 P 5 2 6 B 6 P 5 2 9 B 6 P 6 3 1 B 6 P 6 5 4 B 6 P 6 5 8 8 6 P 6 7 9 B 6 P 6 8 6 B 6 P 7 0 5 B P K /25 1/ 1 C L 6 4 B F P 2 3 2 B 6 P 3 7 3 D 6 P 6 8 2 B 6 P 6 8 4 B F P 6 0 B F P 7 B F P 9 0 B F P 9 1 B F P 1 3 6 B F P 1 6 0 B F P 6 8 4 U L X65 /73 B F P 4 1 B F P D F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P 8 F P B F P B F P B F P B F P

8 F P 2 8 0 B F P 3 2 2

3 6 8 3 7 4 3 8 4 3 8 5 4 0 1 4 0 2 4 8 4

5 1 6 2 7 5 7 8 9 2 1 2 1 7 1 2 5 1 4 2 3 2 0 3 4 6 3 4 9 3 5 5 3 5 6 3 5 7 3 6 4

B F P 3 6 9 D F P 3 7 0 6 0

B o w l T y pe .

S t em B o re .

N o .

2 b c o ntd .

P i pe N u mbe r . B F P 3 8 0

B o w l T y pe .

S t em B o re .

N o .

3 b c o ntd .

B F P 1 5 1

B F P 4 0 3

B F P 1 5 7

B F P 4 1 0

B F P 1 7 3

B F P 4 1 9

B F P 1 9 4

B F P 6 1 2

B F P 1 9 5

B F P 6 3 8

B F P 2 3 0

B F P 7 1 3

B F P 2 3 0

B 6 P 3 0 7 B 6 P 3 4 9

B F P 2 4 5 B F P 2 5 6

R E P 4 1 7

B F P 3 2 6

B 6 P 5 2 7

B F P 3 1

B 6 P 5 3 0

B F P 32

R E P 5 3 1

B F P 3 4 7

B 6 P 6 8 7

B F P 3 4 8

B 6 P 7 0 6

B F P 3 5 2

B 6 P 7 0 9

B F P 3 5 4

C L C L

6 3 6 5

C L

6 8

B F P 3 5 8 B F P 3 5 9 B F P 3 60

N E L73BFC I 6 / 64

3 a

8 / 64

3

3

3 b

1 0

B F P 3 6 1

B F P 1 1

B F P 3 6 3

B 6 P 6 8 5

B F P 3 6 5

B 6 P 7 2 7 C L 8

B F P 3 6 6 B F P 3 6 7

C L 7 / 64

P i pe N u m ber .

9

B F P 3 8 3

C L 7 2 B F P 1 7 9

B F P 6 3 7 B F P 69

B F P 3 2 1

B F P 7 1 5

B F P 4 7 1 B 6 P 4 0 0

B 6 P 53 B 6 P 6 0 4

B 6 P 4 1 0

B 6 P 7 0 2

B 6 P 5 6 5

B P K80 /1/12

B 6 P 5 7 4 D 6 P 5 7 8

C L C L

3 6 9

B 6 P 7 2 0

C L

7 1

B P K80 /1/10

C L

7 4

C L

7 6

6 / 64

2

B F P 1 3

9 / 64

2

B 6 P 5 7 9 B F P 3 5 3

C L 7 U L X65/75

B 6 P 5 7 1

U L X65 /76

8 / 64

1 2

B F P 1 9

U L X65/77

D F P 1 3 9

6 / 64

2

B F P 1 9 6

8 / 64

5

B 6 P 3 5 2

B F P 1 7 0 B F P 2 3 1

B F P 3 5 1 4

B F P 3 4 5

B 6 P 3 8 3

B F P 3 5 0

B 6 P 3 9 1

B F P 3 8 1

7 / 64

4 3

C L

7 3

C L

7 5

C L C L

7 8 7 9

B 6 P 4 2 1 B 6 P 7 2 9 7 / 64

4 0

B F P

5 3

B F P 5 B F P 1 0 9

U L X65 /74

B F P 1 6

B F P

6 1

B F P 2 7 7

B F P 1 5 0

B F P 4 1 5

6 1

B o w l T y pe . 4c o ntd .

S t em B o re .

N o .

P i pe N u m be r . B F P 4 8 3 B F P B F P B F P B 6 P

4 8 5 6 9 3 7 0 7 1 7 1

B 6 P 1 7 2 B 6 P 1 7 3 B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P 8 6 P B 6 P B 6 P 8 6 P

B o w l T y pe .

S t em B o re .

N o .

5c o ntd

6

6 / 64

3

9 / 64 8 / 64

1 3 2

2 1 6 2 3 3 2 4 5 3 2 9 3 5 1 3 7 8 3 8 9 3 9 0

6 / 64

6

6 7 2 0 7 2 5 1 3 2

C L 1 0 B F P 1 4 7 1 6 5 1 9 8 2 1 0 2 1 5 2 2 3 2 7 3 4 4 2 4

B F P 7 1 0 C L 1 C L 8 0

4 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 5 4 2 6 4 2 7 5 0

C L 8 5 C L 8 6 C L 8 7 C L 8 9 C L 9 5 C L 1 0 6

B 6 P 5 8 4 B 6 P 6 2 3

C L S /A 19 /3 D M 683 /77 /4

B 6 P 6 2 4 B 6 P 6 8 1

D M 683 /82 /9 H L SCW72 F 15 /3

B 6 P 6 8 8 B 6 P 7 1 2 B 6 P 7 2 4

J A 63 /A K /3 J A 67 /C L /2 J # 69 /A F / 1

B 6 P 7 2 5 B 6 P 7 2 8 C L 6 2

J A 78 /ED / 1 M2 N E L73 /C8 / 1

B F P 6 4 B F P 2 7 8 B 6 P 3 7 7 B 6 P 3 8 8

P D /6V76 / 16 / 12 P B /6 V76 /38 /6 P D /6V76 /38 /7 U L X65 /92 /1

B 6 P 7 1 0 B 6 P 7 1 1 5

C L B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P B F P

B 6 P 3 9 2 B 6 P 3 9 3 B 6 P 4 2 0 B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

P i pe N u m be r .

7 / 64

5 6

B F P 9 3 B F P 1 6 2

8 / 64

4

B F P 1 3 5 B F P 2 6 8 B F P 3 7 9 U L X65 /78

B F P B F P B F P B F P

7 / 64

1 2

B F P 3 3 B 6 P 1 8 6

B F P 2 6 5 B F P 2 9 6

B 6 P 2 0 8 B 6 P 2 3 6

B F P 3 1 7 B F P 3 2 4

B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P B 6 P

B F P 5 8 0 B F P 7 2 5 B P K / 1S6 /3 C L 1 2 C L 8 1 C L 8 3

2 4 6 2 9 1 3 0 4 3 2 5 3 4 8 5 8 3

B 6 P 7 0 1

C L

6 2

1 8 1 1 9 1 2 0 8 2 5 0

8 4

B o w l T y pe .

S t em B o re .

N o .

6c o n td

P i pe N u m be r . C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L

8

B o w l T y pe . 8c o ntd .

8

2

8 / 6 4

1 3

7 / 64

2

9 / 64 8 / 64

1 7

7 / 64

N o . 5

9 0 9 1 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 1 0 0 1 0 1

P i pe N u m be r . B F P

5

D M G 83 /77 /7 H L SCW72 F 15 b/2 J A 65 /AAK /2 J A 65 /EC / 1 P B /ER 77 / 1/6 5 / 64

9

C L 1 0 8 C L S /A 1/24 C L S /A 15 / 1 D M G83 /3 /1 D M 683 /5 /1

6 / 6 4

S t em B o re .

D M 683/7 /3 D M 683 /55 /3 D M G83 /69 /6 D M 683 /77 /5 H L SCM72F 15 b/1 H L SCW72F 15 / 1 H L SCW72F 15 /2 A 6 3 /AD /3 J A 63 /A K /2 J A 63 /AK /4 J A 65 /AKH /1 J A 65 /LF /5 J A 67 /B Y /1 J A 78 /DF /2 N E L73 /DB /1 P B /GV 76 /16 /9 P B /GV76 /16 /16 P B /GV76 /38 /5 U L X65 /79 U L X65 /9 1 U L X65 /93 U L X65 /9 4 B F P 1 6 9 H L SCM 72 /F 14 /4 C L S /A 1/25 B F P 1 9 0 B F P 2 1 4 B F P 2 7 0 B F P 1 9 7 B F P 3 4 3 B F P 1 9 2 B F P 8 4 B F P 9 4 B F P 1 4 9 B F P 2 0 4 B F P 2 7 5 B F P 5 8 8 B F P 5 9 2

6 3

1 3

8 / 64 7 / 64

1 2 0

6 / 64

2 8

D M G /22 / 1 B P K /274 /2 1 C L 1 0 5 C L S /A38 /8 B G P 1 6 9 B F P 6 8 B F P 2 6 3 B F P 3 9 8 B F P 4 8 6 B F P 4 9 9 B F P 5 4 9 B F P 6 4 2 B F P 6 4 6 B F P 6 7 1 B F P 7 0 4 B F P 7 2 6 B F P 7 2 8 B P K /2 15 /6 D P K /274 /22 C I S /A l/ 3 0 J A 65 /AA K /4 J A 66 /CY/ 1 U L X65 /85 U L X65 /86 U L X65 /87 B F P 3 2 B F P 3 4 B F P 5 6 B F P 8 5 B F P 1 0 4 B F P 1 3 3 B F P 1 4 1 B F P 2 1 6 B F P 2 8 2 B F P 4 5 8 B F P 4 8 7 B F P 5 4 6 D F P 5 8 9 B F P 6 8 6 B F P 6 9 7 B F P 7 1 6 B F P 7 2 0 C L S /A 1/29 C L S /A73 /3 D M 683 /82 /10 D M 6 83 /82 / 11 H L S CM72 /F 15 /4 J A /US /4

B o w l T y pe .

S t em B o re .

N o .

9c o ntd .

1 0

5 / 64 U 7 / 64 6 / 64

1 2

5 / 64

1

P i pe N u m be r .

B o w l T y pe .

J A 63 /A D /5 J A 65 /MH / 1 U L X6 5 /84 U L X65 /88 U L X65 /89 J A 65 /6A /3 P B /E R /77 / 1/8 D M 683 /8 2/ 12 R E P 6 8 9 J A 65 / 16 X/3 P B /TT77C /4

1 0 c o ntd .

B F P R E P B F P B F P R E P B E P B F P B F P R E P B F P R E P

3 9 5 4 6 3 9 5 1 3 7 1 3 8 1 7 4 1 8 6 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 4 3

B F P B F P B F P R E P

2 4 4 2 4 9 2 5 5 2 5 7

1

S t em B o re .

N o .

J 4 63 /AK /5 J A 63 /BN / 1 J A 65 /AAK /3 J A 65 /6A /3 J A 6 6 /NB / 1 J A 75 /H X/ 1 J A 78 /EP /2 P B /ER76 /8 /2 U L X65 /80 U L X65 /8 1 U L X65 /82 6 / 64

1 4

7 / 6 4

9

U L X65 /83 B F P 4 0 B F P 2 1 2 R E P 2 4 1 R E P 2 8 1 R E P 2 9 7 D M 683 /4 1/5 D M 6 83 /70 /6 D M 683 /70 /7 D M 683 /77 /6 B F P 1 0 6 R E P B F P C L C L

B F P 2 6 6 R E P 2 8 3 B F P 3 7 1 R E P 3 9 0 R E P 4 2 5 R E P 4 3 9 B F P 5 3 9 B F P 6 1 4 R E P 6 4 0 B P K80 / 1/ 14 B P K8 1/ 1/2 D P K /2 /5 B P K / 179 /2 B P K /266 /4

6 / 6 4

1 3

B P K /274 /23 C L 1 8 C L 1 0 2 C L 1 0 3 C L 1 0 4 C L 1 0 7

P i pe N u m be r .

2 8 5 7 1 4 1 2 1 3

J A 6 3 /AD /6 J A 63 /AF /2 J A 63 /A K /6 J A 63 /E8 /3 R E P 1 7 R E P 5 7 B F P 6 7 R E P 8 3 C L S /22 /5 D M 6 83 /69 /8 D M 683 /82 / 13 J A 63 /AD /5 J A 63 /A F /3 J A 65 /A6Y /3 J 65 /DH / 1 J A 7 1/HR /2 U L X65 /90

5 / 64 1 2

C L 1 0 9 C L 1 0 C L 1 1

2

7 / 64

1

6 / 6 4

8

B F P 1 0 3 D M 683 /47 /5 J A 63 /AK /7 R E P 6 9 B F P 6 4 1 B F P 6 7 2

C L S /A 1/28

C L S /A 1/13

C L S /A38 /7 D M 683 /69 /7 D M 683 /70 /8 J A 63 /AD /4

D M 683 /2 2 /2 D M 683 /4 1/5 J A 65 /AB R / 1 J A 65 /ADU / 1

6 4

B o w l T y pe . 1 2c o ntd .

1 4

S t em B o re .

N o .

P i pe N u m be r .

5 / 64 4 / 64

1 1

D M 683 / 18/4 D M 883 / 18 /5

6 / 64

1 8

5 / 64

2

7 / 61

2

6 / 64

1 3

C L S /A 1/2 1 B F P 3 2 9 B F P 4 7 2 B F P 6 7 0 C L S / 1 C L S /A38 /10 J A 65 /FA / 1 J A 6 7/60 / 1 J A 65 /AA K/5 J A 69 /JK / 1 C L S /A38 /9 J A 6 9 /UY /1 B F P 2 7 B F P 3 7 8 B F P 3 9 7 B F P 4 0 2

B o w l T y pe .

B F P 4 0 7 B F P 4 0 8 B F P 4 5 6 B F P 4 8 8 B F P 4 9 8 C L S /A 1/2 3

1 5

5 / 64

1 0

5 / 64

2

C L S /A5 /1 J A 69 /AD / 1 J A 69 /HR / 1 B F P 3 7 7 B F P 4 0 4 B F P 4 2 9 B F P 4 0 B F P 4 1 B F P 4 7 6 B F P 4 7 7 B F P 4 9 0 C L S /138 /6 J A 69 /A L /1 B F P 6 4 3 J 6 7 /HK /2

6 5

S t et B o re .

N o .

P i pe N u m be r .

A PPENDIX O NE D IRECTORY O F P IPEMAKERS N EWCASTLE 1 .

A llen.

T homas. 1 5th S eptember 3 0th M ay

1 656.

1 651.Pipemaker•Son H enry b apt. P ipemaker.

A .S .P .R.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt. A .S.P.R.

2 5th D ecember b uried.

1 657.

T obacco p ipemaker.

S on H enry A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 .

C ....

•G .... • T he i dentity o f t his p erson r emains u ncertain, b ut o ne p ossible s uggestion i s G eorge C arter w ho i s r ecorded w ith t hree h earths i n W all k nowle T ower W ard i n 1 665 ( Welford, 1 911, 7 4.). H is p ipes a re o f T yneside T ypes 1 a,1b,2a,3a, a nd 3 b. H e u sed a t otal o f e ight s tamps o f T yneside T ype A a nd o ne o f T ype B . H e m ay h ave o riginated i n t he s outh o f E ngland o r L ondon b efore m oving n orth b y 1 650 a t t he l atest

3 .

C alder.

( Oswald,

1 983,

1 89.).

R ichard.

2 nd N ovember 2 0th M arch

1 643.

1 644.

M arried E lizabeth C ooke. T obacco p ipemaker.

B uried.

A .S.P.R. A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. H e i s t he f irst p erson s pecifically r eferred t o a s a p ipemaker i n N ewcastle. 4 .

C heseman.

J ohn.

3 0th J uly

1 649.

b apt. 5 .

C hristian.

P ipemaker.

D aughter M argery

A .S.P.R.

1 714. M arried M argaret H unter.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

P eter.

2 4th O ctober 5 th O ctober

1 715.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

N o p ipes k nown. 6 .

C ollin.

T homas.

2 3rd J une 1 714. P ipemaker. M athew H all, s on o f T homas H all, s mith a pprentice, b ound t o

6 6

A .S.P.R.

h im.

C .C.C.B.N. f . 2 33a.

N o p ipes k nown. R obert C olling , 7 .

M ay b e r elated t o J ohn a nd p ipemakers o f G ateshead.

C raggs. W illiam. 1 5th M ay 1 712. E llenor.

P ipemaker.

S on R alph b apt. W ife S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e r elated t o E dward C raggs, p ipemaker o f G ateshead. 8 .

C raister.

S tephen.

1 6th O ctober

1 673.

1 4th N ovember 8 th J une

M arried E lizabeth S andalings.

S .A.P.R.

P ipemaker.

S .A.P.R.

1 675.

1 676.

S on S tephen b apt.

S on M ichael b uried.

S .A.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e r elated, p ossibly b rother-in-law, t o E dward S andelings, p ipemaker o f N ewcastle. 9 .

D ixon.

J ohn. 3 rd M arch

1 772.

P ipemaker. W ife F rances b uried.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 1 0.

D odds.

T homas. 1 4th J anuary

1 690.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 1.

E rrington. G eorge. 1 4th O ctober

1 688.

P ipemaker.

D aughter E lizabeth S .A.P.R.

b apt. 4 th D ecember b apt.

1 692.

P ipemaker. D aughter E sther S .A.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 1 2.

F ife.

S tephen. 1 8th D ecember b apt.

1 680.

P ipemaker.

W ife M ary.

D aughter E lizabeth S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

6 7

1 3. G rayson.

J ohn.

1 2th M arch

1 653.

P ipemaker.

S on G eorge b apt.

A .S.P.R.

1 1th A pril 1 653. P ipemaker. D aughter D orothy b apt. 1 2th N ovember 1 653. P ipemaker. W ife B arbara b uried.

A .S.P.R.

3 0th J anuary F ern e.

1 654.

A .S.P.R.

4 th N ovember b uried.

1 654.

A .S.P.R.

P ipemaker. M arried S arah

P ipemaker.

D aughter B arbara A .S.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes l b, 2 a, 2 b. H e u sed a t otal o f f our s tamps o f T yneside T ype A a nd o ne o f T ype B , a ll b earing t he i nitials " I.G.". D escribed a s " of t his P arish" o n h is m arriage t o S arah F ern e. 1 4. G renton. G eorge. 9 th J une. 1 690. P ipemaker. N o p ipes k nown. 1 5.

J obson.

S on G eorge b apt.

S .A.P.R.

J ames.

1 4th N ovember 1 731. P ipemaker. S on W illiam b apt. 2 8th M ay 1 735. P ipemaker. D aughter A nne b uried.

A .S.P.R. A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 1 6.

J obson.

T homas.

1 st F ebruary

1 733.

P ipemaker.

S on W illiam b uried.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. J ames a nd T homas J obson m ay b e b rothers, a nd m ay b e r elated t o J ohn J obson, p ipemaker o f G ateshead. 1 7.

L yons.

J ohn. 9 th A pril 1 784. P ipemaker. W illiam b apt. 1 6th A pril

1 784.

P ipemaker.

I llegitimate s on A .S.P.R. S on W illiam b uried.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 1 8. M adeley.

R alph.

1 9th J uly 2 9th M ay

1 649. 1 651.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

T obacco-cutter.

6 8

D aughter A nn b apt.

A .S.P.R. A .S.P.R.

7 th N ovember b orn.

1 653.

S on F rancis A .S.P.R.

2 2nd J une 1 654. b uried. 2 5th M arch

T obacco-cutter.

T obacco-cutter.

1 657.

S on F rancis A .S.P.R.

S on R oger b uried.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. H e i s o ne o f o nly t wo k nown e xamples o f a p erson b eing e ngaged i n b oth t he p ipemaking a nd t obacconist t rades i n e ither N ewcastle o r G ateshead.

1 9. M itchel.

R obert.

1 7th J une 1 764. L iddell. 3 0th M arch b apt.

1 777.

P ipemaker. M arried E leanor A .S.P.R. P ipemaker.

D aughter C atherine A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e r elated b y m arriage t o G eorge L iddell, p ipemaker o f G ateshead. 2 0. M orris.

J ames.

2 6th A ugust 1 714. P ipemaker a t t he H atters' M eeting H ouse. U ncertain m ember o f f amily S .J.P.R.

b uried. T he H atters w ere t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, a n umber o f w hom w ere t obacconists. T he m eeting h ouse w as t he H erber T ower. 2 1. M orris.

J ohn.

2 2nd F ebruary

1 748.

P ipemaker. W ife A nn b uried.

S .J.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. J ames a nd J ohn M orris a re p robably r elated, a nd m ay b e r elated t o J ames a nd J ohn M orris, p ipemakers o f G ateshead. 2 2. M urray.

J ames.

2 8th M arch

1 746.

P ipemaker.

B uried

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 3.

P ostell.

R oger.

J anuary

1 658.

T obacco p ipemaker.

b apt.

D aughter B arbara A .S.P.R.

6 9

1 0th A pril 1 658. T obacco p ipemaker. M arried B arbara R uttish.

A .S.P.R.

1 9th F ebruary 1 659. T obacco p ipemaker. S usanna b uried.

A .S.P.R.

D aughter

N o p ipes k nown. 2 4.

P otter.

S tevan.

1 665.

L iving i n P ilgrim T ower W ard. ( Welford. 1 911, 6 8).

2 0th F ebruary

1 669.

P ipemaker.

T wo h earhs.

B uried

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 5.

P oulson. W illiam. 1 st D ecember

1 689.

P ipemaker,

S on W illiam b apt.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 6.

R adcliffe.

B artholomew .

3 0th A pril

1 734.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 7.

R ain.

R oger. 1 st S eptember

1 698.

P ipemaker.

S on R obert b apt.

A .S.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 9 , and u sed o ne T yneside T ype D S tamp. T he u se o f t hat s tamp s uggests t hat h e m ay h ave g ained a dmittance t o t he G ateshead C ompany o f P ipemakers. 2 8.

R ichardson.

T homas.

1 st J anuary

1 684.

P ipemaker. M arried I sabel

W iley. 2 3rd M arch 8 th A pril

S .N.P.R. 1 684.

1 688.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

P ipemaker.

D aughter E lizabeth

b apt. 2 7th F ebruary

S .N.P.R.

S .N.P.R. 1 698.

6 th D ecember b uried.

1 700.

8 th D ecember

1 700.

D aughter I sable b apt. P ipemaker.

S .N.P.R.

D aughter I sable S .N.P.R.

P ipemaker.

i n B alygate.

D aughter A nn a nd s on J oseph b uried.

7 0

S .N.P.R.

2 7th J anuary 1 706. P ipemaker i n B alygate. D aughter A nn b apt.

S .N.P.R.

1 8th A pril

S .N.P.R.

1 708.

1 2th O ctober

1 708.

2 6th F ebruary b uried. 1 2th M ay

P ipemaker. W ife I sabel b uried. S on J oseph b apt.

1 717.

P ipemaker.

S .N.P.R.

D aughter E lianor S .N.P.R.

1 735.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 9.

R ichardson.

T homas.

2 3rd N ovember 1 701. S on J ohn b apt.

P ipemaker a t P ilgrimgate.

1 5th D ecember

P ipemaker.

1 0th A pril

1 706.

1 709.

2 4th F ebruary

S .A.P.R. S on W illiam b apt.

P ipemaker. D aughter J ane b apt.

1 712.

P ipemaker.

S .A.P.R.

D aughter M argaret

b apt. 4 th M ay

S .A.P.R.

S .A.P.R.

1 718.

P ipemaker.

1 6th S eptember

1 731.

N o p ipes k nown.

D aughter I sabell b apt.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .A.P.R. S .A.P.R.

T he R ichardsons m ay b e

r elated t o e ach o ther, a nd m ay b e r elated t o C harles R ichardson, p ipemaker o f G ateshead. 3 0.

R obinson.

E dmund.

5 th M ay 1 655. b uried.

T obacco p ipemaker.

D aughter M arie A .S.P.R.

2 nd O ctober 1 656. T obacco p ipemaker. N athaniel b uried.

S on A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 1.

S andelings.

E dward.

4 th A ugust

1 670.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .A.P.R.

2 5th A pril

1 672.

P ipemaker.

S on W illiam b apt.

A .S.P.R.

4 th S eptember b uried. 7 th A pril

1 672.

1 674.

P ipemaker.

S on W illiam A .S.P.R.

P ipemaker.

7 1

S on W illiam b apt.

A .S.P.R.

9 th N ovember b apt.

1 675.

P ipemaker.

D aughter M argaret A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. H e m ay h ave b een a B ristol m an, r elated t o t he S inderling f amily o f p ipemakers f rom t hat t own, n amely J ohn c 1 668 - 1 699, E dmond c 1 691 - 1 698, E dward c 1 739 - 1 775, a nd W illiam c 1 768. ( Oswald. 1 975, 1 58). H e m ay a lso b e r elated, p ossibly b rother-in-law, t o S tephen C raister, p ipemaker o f N ewcastle. 3 2.

S cott.

J ohn. 3 0th J une 1 765. H enderson.

P ipemaker. M arried E lizabeth A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 3.

S hoebread.

J ohn.

2 3rd F ebruary 5 th M arch

1 690.

1 690.

2 4th F ebruary b apt.

P ipemaker.

P ipemaker.

1 695.

S on R ichard b apt.

S on R ichard b uried.

P ipemaker.

A .S.P.R. A .S.P.R.

D aughter R achel A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 4.

S mith. G eorge. M arch

1 715.

P ipemaker.

S on G eorge b apt.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 5.

S tringfields.

R obert.

2 5th S eptember 1 655. T obacco p ipemaker o f A ll S aints P arish. M arried A nne J ohnson.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 6.

S tougenes.

R obert.

2 nd N cvember

1 661.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .A.P.R.

1 743. M arried M ary A ndrews.

S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 7.

T enant.

J ohn.

3 rd A pril 2 7th M arch

1 749.

P ipemaker.

7 2

D aughter M ary b apt.

S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

M ay b e a f orebear o f t he

1 9th c entury N ewcastle p ipemakers o f t hat n ame. 3 8.

T hompson.

J ohn.

7 th J anuary 1 765. V aughan. 1th J uly

1 773.

P ipemaker. M arried M argaret A .S.P.R.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e r elated t o t he J ohn T hompsons, 3 9. W alter.

p ipemakers o f G ateshead.

E dward.

1 6th J une

1 779.

P ipemaker. W ife b uried.

S .A.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 4 0. W anless.

J ames.

2 8th M arch

1 692.

P ipemaker. M arried M ary F owler.

S .N.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 4 1. W atson.

F rederick.

3 0th M arch

1 673.

P ipemaker. D aughters A nn a nd

J ane b apt.

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e a f orebear o f J ohn W atson, t obacconist o f N ewcastle. M ay a lso b e r elated t o J ohn H astings, p ipemaker o f G ateshead, p ossibly b rother-in-law.

4 2. W iggam.

E dward.

2 3rd O ctober 2 nd A ugust

1 682.

1 685.

P ipemaker.

P ipemaker.

D aughter A nn b apt.

D aughter M argrat

b apt. 2 0th J une

A .S.P.R. 1 686.

P ipemaker. D aughter M argaret

b uried. 5 th J une 6 th A pril

S .A.P.R.

1 687. 1 690.

A .S.P.R. P ipemaker.

S on A nthony b apt.

A .S.P.R.

S on T homas b apt.

A .S.P.R.

P ipemaker.

2 8th F ebruary 1 734. B uried. N o p ipes k nown.

7 3

A .S.P.R.

4 3. W illiamson.

R ichard.

2 7th D ecember

1 663.

P ipemaker.

S on T homas b apt.

S .A.P.R.

1 7th F ebruary

1 667.

P ipemaker. D aughter M argaret

b apt.

S .A.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 4 4. W olfe.

E dward. 1 5th F ebruary

1 655.

T obacco p ipemaker.

B uried

A .S.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 4 5. W ....

.N ....

.

T he i dentity o f t his p ipemaker r emains u nknown.

H e

i s o nly k nown b y h is p ipes, s tamped " N.W." o n t he b ase o f t he h eel. H e i s k nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes l a, 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, a nd u sed a t otal o f f ive s tamps o f T yneside T ype A a nd t wo o f T ype B . G ATESHEAD 1 . A nguish. W illiam. 2 1st M ay

1 675.

P ipemaker.

B uried

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 .

A nsell. M ary. 1 775.

P aid 8 /- r ent f or c hurch p ew.

1 782 - 1 784.

S .M.V.B., W .D.b.,

P ipe M anufacturer.

6 77 4 8

N o p ipes k nown.

3 .

A nsell.

T aylor. 2 9th J anuary 1 733. B aptised. S on o f M att. A nsell. 1 758.

S .M.P.R.

P arish O verseer.

1 759 1761.

P arish G rassman.

S .M.V.B.,

5 21

S .M.V.B.,

5 43,

5 47,

5 55

1 762 - 1 763.

C hurchwarden.

S .M.V.B.,

5 59,

5 60.

1 765 - 1 769.

P arish G rassman.

S .M.V.B.,

5 80,

5 86,

1 770 - 1 771.

P arish C onstable.

S .M.V.B.,

6 17,

6 26.

1 774.

P arish C onstable.

S .M.V.B.,

7 4

6 07, 6 09.

6 43.

1 775. M aster o f t he P ipemakers C ompany i n G ateshead.

N .J.a.

M ary a nd T aylor A nsell w ere h usband a nd w ife. R eferences t o h er i n 1 782 - 1 784 s uggest t hat h e w as d ead b y t hat t ime. H e i s k nown t o h ave o wned s everal h ouses i n P ipewellgate, G ateshead ( Surtees, 1 820, V ol. I I, 1 34). 4 .

A tkinson.

T homas.

2 4th F ebruary

1 793.

P ipemaker.

B uried

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 5 .

B owman.

J ohn. 4 th N ovember 2 nd O ctober

1 645. M arried E lizabeth P earson. 1 646.

2 2nd O ctober

S on J ohn b apt.

1 651.

2 3rd F ebruary

S .M.P.R.

1 652.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter A nn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter A nn b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 653.

P aid 4 /4d C hurch S eas.

S .M.V.B.,

1 81.

1 656.

C ontributed 6 d t o " the n ew c lock,"

S .M.V.B.,

2 21.

1 3th A ugust

1 656. D aughter J ane b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 st J anuary

1 663. W ife E lizabeth b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 666. H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew. 2 2nd M arch 4 th J une

1 667.

S .M.V.B.,

D aughter C atherine b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 667. M arried A nn B urrell, w idow o f

N ewcastle. 1 667.

S .M.P.R.

P aid 4 /- a nd 5 /- f or b oth h is o wn h is w ife's c hurch p ews,

1 671.

1 675.

3 46

r espectively.

S .M.V.B.,

3 68.

C ontributed 1 /- t o " the r edemption o f p oor C hristians, n ow s laves u nder t he T urks. S .M.V.B.,

4 17.

N amed o n t he C harter o f

1 675.

P .R.O. m em.

2 7th J anuary

1 678. D aughter J ane b uried.

1 687. H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

7 5

D urham 3 /118

l d.

N o.

1 .

S .M.P.R. S .M.V.B.,

5 15.

2 6th S eptember

1 689.

P ipemaker. H is w ill. D .P.U.D.,

T 1 71

1 689

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 2 a, 6 a nd 8 , a nd u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype A a nd o ne o f T ype C . H is w ill d escribes a h ouse i n H illgate, G ateshead, w hich h e l eft t o h is w ife. 6 .

B rown.

C hristopher. 1 5th J une

1 770.

B aptised,

1 8th F ebruary

1 793. D ied.

2 2nd F ebruary

1 793.

s on o f G eorge B rown.

S .M.P.R.

M .I.S.M.G.,

P ipemaker.

B uried.

N o.

1 94

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 7 .

B rown. G eorge. 1 5th J une 1 7th A pril

1 770. 1 797.

S on C hristopher b apt. P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

3 rd N ovember 1 805. P ipemaker d eceased. W idow A nne ( nee H arrison) b uried, a ged 7 5. R ecord o f f amily t ombstone.

S .M.P.R.

M .I.S.M.G., N o.

1 94

N o p ipes k nown. 8 .

B rown & C o.. 1 795.

P ipe M anufacturers i n L ow C hurch C hair

W .D.e.,

6 8

N o p ipes k nown.

9 . B rown & H ewitson. 1 787.

P ipe M anufacturers i n L ow C hurch C hair.

W .D.c.,

1 03

1 790.

P ipe M anufacturers i n G eorge S treet.

W .D.d.,

10

N o p ipes k nown.

1 0.

B rown & W ilson. 1 801. P ipemakers i n L ow C hurch S treet. N o p ipes k nown. I t w ould s eem l ikely t hat G eorge B rown i s t he ' Brown ' o f B rown & C o., a nd B rown & H ewitson, a nd h is w idow t hat o f B rown & W ilson.

7 6

M .D .a .,

1 0

I t i s p ossible t hat G eorge B rown w as i n p artnership w ith a M r H ewitson u ntil s ometime a fter 1 790 a nd b efore 1 795. T he f irm t hen b ecame k nown a s B rown & C o. . B y 1 801, a nd p ossibly b efore 1 797, a M r W ilson b ecame a p artner i n t he f irm. T he i dentity o f H ewitson i s n ot k nown, b ut W ilson i s p robably W illiam W ilson, p ipemaker o f G ateshead. 1.

C arter. G eorge. 1 6th M ay

1 667.

P ipemaker. M arried E lizabeth

C rawsett. 1 677.

1 2.

C arter.

S .M.P.R.

L iving i n t he L ow W ard o f G ateshead. K nown t o h ave u sed o ne T yneside T ype C s tamp.

S .M.V.B.,

4 85

R obert.

1 2th M ay

1 700.

9 th N ovember

P ipemaker.

1 702.

S on J ohn b apt.

D aughter M argaret b apt.

2 0th M ay

1 705.

P ipemaker.

5 th J une

1 709.

B uried.

S on R obert b apt.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. G eorge a nd R obert C arter a re p robably f ather a nd s on. 1 3.

C lemison.

J ohn.

5 th N ovember 1 802. P ipemaker i n P ipewellgate. B uried, a ged 2 6.

S .M.P.R.

1 0th J uly 1 803. P ipemaker d eceased. F irst d aughter M ary A nn, b orn. W ife E lizabeth. S .M.P.R. 7 th A ugust 1 803. P ipemaker d eceased. M ary A nn b apt.

D aughter S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. D escribed a s a " Native o f t he P arish" i n t he f irst 1 803 r eference. 1 4.

C oates.

H ugh.

9 th N ovember J ane. 3 1st M arch

1 792.

1 793.

1 4th J une 1 795. b uried.

P ipemaker.

S on H ugh b orn. W ife S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker. P ipemaker.

S on H ugh b apt.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter E lisabeth S .M.P.R.

7 7

2 6th J uly

1 810.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b uried, a ged

2 6.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype F . 1 5.

C olling.

J ohn.

1 2th J anuary 1 668. B aptised, C olling. 2 4th S eptember H ewbank. 1 st S eptember

1 706.

s on o f W illiam S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker. M arried S arah S .M.P.R.

1 701.

P ipemaker. D aughter S arah

b apt. 2 9th M arch 2 nd A pril

S .M.P.R. 1 709. 1 710.

7 th N ovember 4 th M ay

P ipemaker. P ipemaker.

S on W illiam b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on W illiam b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 710. D aughter E lisabeth b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 713. D aughter L ydia b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 st D ecember

1 714. D aughter L ydia b uried.

S .M.P.R.

2 5th O ctober

1 715.

S .M.P.R.

2 4th M ay

D aughter H annah b apt.

1 724. W ife S arah b uried.

2 4th J une

1 729.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced T yneside T ype 1 3 p ipes, a nd u sed a t otal o f t hree s tamps o f T yneside T ype D , o ne o f T ype E , a nd p ossibly s hared a nother o f T ype E w ith h is b rother R obert. 1 6.

C olling.

R obert.

1 st S eptember C olling. 2 5th M ay

1 676.

1 700.

B aptised,

s on o f W illiam S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker. M arried I sabell R eadman. S .M.P.R.

2 8th J uly

1 701.

D aughter M ary b apt.

S .M.P.R.

4 th M ay 1 703. P ipemaker. D aughter M argaret b apt. 1 st A pril 1 705. P ipemaker. D aughter I sabel b apt.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

2 6th M ay

S .M.P.R.

1 708.

1 707. D aughter S arah b apt.

P arish C ollector f or t he P oor.

7 8

S .M.V.B.,

2 44

P aid 4 /- r ent f or h is c hurch p ew. 2 1st A ugust 2 7th M arch

1 709. 1 710.

2 6th D ecember 9 th M arch

P ipemaker. P ipemaker.

S .M.V.B.,

S on R obert b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on R obert b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 710. D aughter A nn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 713. D aughter J ane b apt.

1 7th O ctober

1 714. D aughter M argaret b uried.

3 1st J anuary

1 716.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

T wins G iles a nd M argaret

b apt. 1th M arch 2 8th M ay

S .M.P.R. 1 716. D aughter M argaret b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 716. D aughter J ane b uried.

1 720. H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew. 2 7th A pril

2 55

1 721.

S .M.P.R. S .M.V.B.,

B uried.

3 21

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 1 3 a nd u sed f our s tamps o f T yneside T ype D , t hree o f T ype E , a nd p ossibly s hared a nother o f T ype E w ith h is b rother J ohn. T he C olling b rothers w ere r elated t o s everal o ther G ateshead p ipemakers:g randsons o f L uke M axwell. n ephews o f A rthur H astings a nd W illiam H arle. c ousins o f J ohn H astings I I. 1 7.

C ooper.

J ames.

2 6th J anuary

1 699.

P ipemaker. M arried E lizabeth

R hea. 3 rd O ctober

S .M.P.R. 1 699.

P ipemaker.

S on W illiam b apt.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 1 8.

C raggs.

E dward.

1 4th M ay

1 678. M arried I sabel H all.

6 th F ebruary

1 680.

D aughter M ary b apt.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

1 5th J uly 1 683. D aughter K atherine b apt. 1 3th O ctober 1 687. S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

5 th N ovember

S .M.P.R.

1 689. D aughter J ane b apt.

1 693.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

S .M.V.B.,

1 95

1 694.

P aid 4 /- r ent f or h is c hurch p ew.

S .M.V.B.,

1 98

7 9

2 1st A ugust 1 706.

1 698. W ife I sabel b uried.

S .M.P.R.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

6 th F ebruary K irbie, 1 st J uly

1 706.

S .M.V.B.,

P ipemaker. M arried E lizabeth

w idow.

1 717.

2 36

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes 8 ,9,12 a nd 1 3, a nd u sed a t otal o f o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype C , s ix o f T ype D , a nd t wo o f T ype E . P ossibly r elated t o W illiam C raggs, 1 9. D avie.

p ipemaker o f N ewcastle.

J oseph. 1 782.

P ipemaker.

W .D.b.,

P arish C onstable.

S .M.V.B.,

4 8 7 48

N o p ipes k nown. 2 0.

D earden. G eorge. 2 7th A pril

1 801.

P ipemaker.

B uried, a ged 7 3,

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 1.

F awell.

J oseph.

3 1st D ecember 8 th O ctober

1 693.

1 700.

1 2th N ovember 2 6th J une

B astard d aughter M ary b apt.

P ipemaker.

1 703.

1 704.

S on J ohn b apt.

D aughter B arbara b apt.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

S on J oseph b apt.

S .M.P.R.

4 th J une

1 705.

P ipemaker.

S on J onathan b apt.

S .M.P.R.

7 th J une

1 705.

P ipemaker.

S on J onathan b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 7th J une

1 706.

2 1st S eptember 8 th M arch

1 6th F ebruary 1 6th A pril

1 707.

1 708.

7 th D ecember

S on T homas b apt. S on J oseph b uried.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

1 708.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

1 709. D aughter E lizabeth b uried.

1 710. W idow,

A nn,

8 0

b uried.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M .P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 9 , a nd u sed a t otal o f f ive s tamps o f T yneside T ype D . 2 2.

F orster.

R obert.

2 9th J uly

1 705.

P ipemaker.

P oor. D aughter

M argaret b apt. 5 th J une

S .M.P.R.

1 707. D aughter M argaret b uried.

2 nd N ovember

S .M.P.R.

1 707. D aughter A nn b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 6th M ay

1 710.

S on W illiam b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 0th M ay

1 713.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 8th O ctober 2 7th M ay

1 716. D aughter E lizabeth b uried.

1 719. S on J ohn b uried.

2 5th S eptember 2 nd O ctober

1 720.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

S on R alph b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 720. D aughter M ary b uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 3. G allon.

J ohn.

1 6th M arch 1 796. P ipemaker. W ife G race.

D aughter J ane b orn.

1 7th A pril

D aughter J ane b apt.

1 796.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

2 8th J anuary 1 801. P ipemaker. D aughter J ane b uried. W ife G race ( nee P otts). 7 th F ebruary P otts)

1 805.

P ipemaker. W ife G race

b uried,

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

( nee

a ged 3 2.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

2 4. G allon.

J ohn.

1 9th N ovember

1 803.

P ipemaker.

S econd s on J ohn

b orn. N ative o f G ateshead. W ife, E lizabeth, d aughter o f G eorge T ate o f S underland. 1th D ecember

1 803.

P ipemaker.

7 th A ugust 1 805. P ipemaker. b uried, a ged 1 y ear.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on T homas V aughan

3 rd A pril 1 808. P ipemaker. B uried, a ged 3 4. S on o f W illiam G allon a nd A lice ( nee V aughan).

8 1

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

T he t wo G allons m ay b e

r elated a nd e ither,

o r b oth,

a re p robably

f orebears o f t he G allon p ipemakers o f t he 1 9th c entury.

I t

i s u ncertain w hich i s t he

o ne r eferred t o i n M itchell's D irectory o f 1 801, p age 1 8. 2 5.

G elder.

W illiam.

1 7th A ugust

1 644.

2 1st D ecember

S on R alph b apt.

1 667.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 6.

G uthrie.

J ohn.

1 5th F ebruary

1 800.

C atherine

P ipemaker d eceased.

W idow,

( nee F erguson o f H illgate,

G ateshead)

b uried,

S .M.P.R.

a ged 2 9.

N o p ipes k nown. 2 7.

G uthrie.

T homas T aylor.

2 6th J anuary

1 812.

P ipemaker.

N o p ipes k nown.

H all.

S .M.P.R.

p ossibly b rothers.

W illiam. 2 1st M arch

1 703.

2 9th N ovember

S on R alph b apt.

1 711.

P ipemaker.

N o p ipes k nown. H all, 2 9.

a ged 3 3.

T homas a nd J ohn G uthrie a re

p robably r elated, 2 8.

B uried,

H alliday.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

M ay b e r elated t o M athew

t obacconist o f N ewcastle.

J ohn.

1 8th M arch

1 791.

P ipemaker.

T hird s on,

J ames,

b orn. 2 0th J uly

S .M.P.R. 1 794.

P ipemaker.

S on A rthur b orn.

W ife

M argaret. 5 th O ctober

1 794.

5 th N ovember

P ipemaker.

1 800.

M argaret, 1 5th D ecember R alph,

S .M.P.R. S on A rthur b apt.

P ipemaker.

F irst d aughter, S .M.P.R.

b orn. 1 803.

P ipemaker.

S eventh s on, S .M.P.R.

b orn.

1 4th D ecember

1 806.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker o f D rax,

8 2

Y orkshire.

D aughter M argaret a nd s on R alph b apt. W ife M argaret, d aughter o f W illiam B lackett o f L amersly. 2 nd A ugust

S .M.P.R.

1 807.

P ipemaker.

T hird s on,

J ames,

b apt.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. H is s ons R alph a nd W illiam b ecame p ipemakers l ater i n t he 1 9th c entury. A nother p ipemaker, D avid H alliday, i s p robably t heir b rother. 3 0.

H arle. W illiam. 2 8th J uly

1 679. M arried I sabel M axwell.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 6 , a nd u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype D . H e w as r elated t o s everal p ipemakers : s on-in-law o f L uke M axwell, u ncle o f J ohn a nd R obert C olling. 3 1.

H astings. A rthur. 3 rd J uly

1 661.

1 5th J une

B aptised,

s on o f J ames H astings.

1 680. M arried M argaret C olling.

1th D ecember

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

1 683. S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 9th O ctober

1 715. W ife Margaret b uried.

S .M.P.R.

2 8th O ctober

1 722.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

K nown t o h ave u sed t wo s tamps o f T yneside T ype D . M ay h ave s hared a T ype E s tamp w ith J ohn a nd J ohn H astings. 3 2.

H astings.

J ohn I .

2 7th A ugust

1 672. M arried M argaret W atson.

S .M.P.R.

2 4th J une

1 677.

S on M athew b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 1st J une

1 680.

D aughter A nn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 6th M arch 2 0th J uly 8 th M ay 1th M ay 1 691.

1 682. 1 684.

1 687.

D aughter J ane b apt. S on T homas b apt.

D aughter M argaret b apt.

1 688. D aughter M argaret b uried.

P aid 4 /- r ent f or h is c hurch p ew .

8 3

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.V.B.,

1 01

1 717.

R ecord o f T ombstone. W ife A nn d ies.

( ?) M .I.S.M.G.

N o.

1 720. H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew. A fter h is n ame i s w ritten t he w ord " dead". S .M.V.B.,

5 5

3 22

K nown t o h ave u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype D . M ay h ave s hared a T ype E s tamp w ith A rthur a nd J ohn H astings. 3 3.

H astings.

J ohn I I.

1th D ecember 1 683. H astings. 1 720.

B aptised,

s on o f A rthur S .M.P.R.

P arish C onstable.

8 th D ecember

1 735.

S .M.P.R.

S on A rthur b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 736. H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew. 2 7th N ovember 8 th F ebruary

1 738. D aughter J udith b apt. 1 742. D aughter A nne b apt.

1 3th D ecember 1 5th J anuary

S .N.V.B.,

1 744.

B uried.

3 97

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

1 745. D aughter A nne b uried.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes 1 2,13 a nd 1 4, a nd u sed t wo s tamps o f T yneside T ype E . H e m ay h ave s hared a nother T ype E s tamp w ith A rthur a nd J ohn H astings. T here i s n o d ocumentary e vidence f or t he H astings' h aving b een p ipemakers. T he e vidence i s s olely t hat o f t heir p ipes. A rthur a nd J ohn I w ere p robably b rothers, a nd A rthur a nd J ohn I I f ather a nd s on. A rthur H astings w as a lso t he u ncle o f J ohn a nd R obert C olling. J ohn I m ay b e r elated t o F rederick W atson, p ipemaker o f N ewcastle, p ossible b rother-in-law . 3 4.

H astings.

T homas.

2 1st A ugust

1 805.

P ipemaker.

B uried,

a ged 2 4.

S ingle m an.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. P ossibly d escended f rom t he e arlier H astings. 3 5.

H ilton.

C uthbert.

2 6th S eptember 1 689. P ipemaker. B eneficiary o f t he w ill o f J ohn B owman, p ipemaker o f

8 4

G ateshead . 2 3rd J anuary

D .P.U .D.,

1 690.

T 171

D aughter M argaret b apt.

1 689

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 6.

H ogg .

P eter. 5 th J une

1 697.

2 7th A ugust

P ipemaker.

1 698.

S on R obert b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 3 7.

H olmes.

H enry I .

1 687.

P aid 4 /- r ent f or h is c hurch p ew.

1 694.

P arish O verseer.

S .M.V.B., S .M.V.B.,

S on E dward b uried.

6 7 1 46

1 0th J une

1 695.

1 9th J uly

1 698. W ife F rances b uried.

S .M.P.R.

9 th M arch

1 699.

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 8 , a nd u sed a t otal o f t wo s tamps o f T yneside T ype D . 3 8.

H olmes.

H enry I I.

5 th M ay

1 729.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

H is i dentification a s a p ipemaker r elies o n t he a ssumption t hat h e i s t he p erson w ho p roduced T yneside T ype 1 0 a nd 1 3 p ipes w ith t he T ype E s tamp u sing t he i nitials " H.H.". 3 9.

H olmes.

J ohn.

1 4th S eptember

1 675.

D aughter E lianor b apt.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave u sed t wo s tamps o f T yneside T ype D . 4 0.

H olmes.

L eonard I .

1 671.

C ontributed 6 d t o " the r edemption o f t he p oor C hristians n ow s laves u nder t he T urks. S .M.V.B.,

2 7th O ctober 2 2nd J une

4 18

1 672. M arried M ary H opper.

S .M.P.R.

1 673. D aughter M argaret b apt.

S .M.P.R.

8 5

1 675.

N amed o n t he C harter o f

1 675.

P .R.O.

D urham 3 /118 m em l d. N o.

1 5th J anuary 4 th M ay

1 676.

1 679.

3 0th J une

S .M.P.R.

S on G eorge b apt.

1 680.

1 5th M arch

S on R ichard b apt.

2 1st D ecember

S .M.P.R.

S on G eorge b uried.

1 681.

S .M.P.R.

S on J onathan b apt.

1 681.

1

S .M.P.R.

S on J onathan b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 685.

P arish C onstable.

S .M.V.B.,

4 9

1 687.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

S .M.V.B.,

6 9

1 693.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

S .M.V.B. ‚ 119

1 694.

P aid 5 /- r ent f or h is w ife's c hurch p ew.

1th N ovember b uried. 2 9th J anuary

1 696.

P ipemaker.

S .M.V.B.,146

S on R ichard S .M.P.R.

1 707.

I n h is w ill b e l eft h is s on,

L eonard, a ll h is p ipemaking t ools a nd a p arcel o f p ipes. D .P.U.D., 2 nd F ebruary

1 707.

2 nd J une 1 707. b uried.

P ipemaker.

T 22

B uried.

P ipemaker d eceased.

1 707.

S .M.P.R.

S on L eonard S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes 6 a nd 8 , a nd u sed a t otal o f o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype C , 4 1.

H olmes.

a nd t hree o f T ype D .

L eonard I I.

1 693 . Had h is own c hurch p ew. 1 707.

B eneficiary o f h is f ather's w ill.

S .M.V .B ., D .P.U.D.,T 2 2

1 46 1 707

2 nd J une 1 707. B uried. S .M.P.R. A ny p ipes t hat h e m ay h ave m ade a re i ndistinguishable f rom t hose o f h is f ather. T he i nter-relationships o f H enry I , H enry I I, J ohn a nd L eonard H olmes I a re u ncertain. H owever, i t c ould b e s uggested t hat H enry I a nd H enry I I a re f ather a nd s on, a nd t hat H enry I , J ohn a nd L eonard I a re b rothers. T hey m ay b e s ons o f H enry H olmes, M erchant o f N ewcastle, w ho d ied o n 2 6th J une 1 641. ( A.S.P.R.). L eonard H olmes I m ay a lso b e r elated, p ossibly

8 6

b rother-in-law,

t o J ohn H opper,

p ipemaker o f

G ateshead. 4 2.

H opper.

J ohn.

M arch

1 687. M arried J ane B rown.

2 4th O ctober 1 7th A pril

1 689.

1 692.

6 th J anuary

S on E dward b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on G eorge b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 695.

5 th S eptember

S .M.P.R.

1 697.

P ipemaker.

S on M ichael b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 4th A pril

1 698.

S on M ichael b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 0th A pril

1 699.

S on W illiam b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 6th M arch

1 700.

S on W illiam b uried.

S .M.P.R.

3 rd N ovember 2 4th J une

1 700. S on T homas b apt.

1 701.

2 7th D ecember 3 rd J anuary 1 2th J anuary

S on E dward b uried.

1 702. D aughter A nne b apt.

1 717. W ife J ane b uried. 1 731.

B uried.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e r elated, p ossibly b rother-in-law , t o L eonard H olmes I , p ipemaker o f G ateshead.

4 3.

J effries. W illiam . 2 7th M ay

1 667.

9 th D ecember

P ipemaker. M arried J ane C hapman.

1 667.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

4 4.

J obson.

J ohn.

7 th O ctober

1 792.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

1 5th A pril 1 804. P ipemaker d eceased. W idow M argaret ( nee B rady), b uried, a ged 4 3. N o p ipes k nown.

8 7

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

4 5.

L aing .

J acob. 2 4th N ovember 1 788. P ipe M anufacturer. J acob b orn. W ife M argaret.

S on I .S.J.C.

N o p ipes k nown. P robably o ne o f t he p artners i n t he f irm o f L aing & M arshall, b elow. 4 6.

L aing & M arshall. 1 790.

P ipe M anufacturers i n H illgate.

W .D.d.,110

N o p ipes k nown. T he f irm w ould s eem t o b e a p artnership b etween J acob L aing a nd o ne o r m ore m embers o f t he M arshall f amily o f G ateshead p ipemakers. 4 7.

L eek.

J effrey. 2 5th A pril 8 th M ay

1 665.

1 675.

1 6th S eptember

P ipemaker. M arried E lizabeth.

S on J ohn b uried.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

1 698. W ife E lizabeth b uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 4 8.

L iddel.

C uthbert.

1 5th N ovember 1 705. P ipemaker. N o p ipes k nown.

4 9.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

L iddell. G eorge. 1 749.

P ipemaker w orking w ith W illiam O stle.

2 3rd A pril

1 763.

P ipemaker.

( Oswald.

D ied.

1 975, 1 69) N .J.b.

N o p ipes k nown. C uthbert a nd G eorge L iddell w ere p ossibly r elated. G eorge m ay a lso b e r elated b y m arriage t o R obert M itchel, p ipemaker o f N ewcastle. 5 0.

L uans. A ndrew . 2 0th F ebruary

1 706.

P ipemaker.

N o p ipes k nown.

8 8

D ied p oor.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

5 1. M arshall. M argaret. 1 787.

P ipe M anufacturer i n H illgate.

W .D.c.,

1 06

W .D.a.,

2 7

W .D.b.,

4 8

P aid 6 d t owards " the r edemption o f t he p oor C hristians n ow s laves u nder t he T urks." S .M.V.B.,

4 17

N o p ipes k nown. 5 2. M arshall.

R obert.

1 801.

P ipemaker i n H illgate. N o p ipes k nown.

5 3. M arshall.

T homas.

1 782 - 1 784.

P ipe M anufacturer i n H illgate.

N o p ipes k nown. T homas a nd M argaret M arshall w ere p robably h usband a nd w ife, a nd R obert t heir s on. T he m ention o f M argaret i n 1 787 m ight s uggest t hat T homas w as d ead b y t hat d ate, a nd R obert n ot y et i n a p osition t o t ake o ver. T hey w ere p robably p artners i n t he f irm o f L aing & M arshall p ipemakers o f G ateshead. 5 4. M axwell.

L uke.

1 671.

2 2nd J une

1 673. D aughter A nn b uried.

1 3th A ugust

1 675.

D aughter R ebecca b uried.

1 675. N amed i n t he C harter o f

1 677.

S .M.P.R.

1 675.

S .M.P.R.

P .R.O. D urham 3 /118 m em. l d. N o. 1

L iving i n t he H igh W ard o f G ateshead.

S .M.V.B.,

4 85

8 th D ecember

1 677. W ife M argery b uried.

S .M.P.R.

2 4th J anuary

1 678.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

K nown t o h ave u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype C . R elated t o s everal o ther p ipemakers:f ather-in-law t o W illiam H arle, g randfather o f J ohn a nd R obert C olling.

5 5.

M iddleton.

T homas.

1th O ctober 2 0th M ay

1 671. M arried J ane J arrard.

1 679.

1 9th S eptember

S .M.P.R.

D aughter K atherine b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 680. D aughter b apt.

S .M.P.R.

8 9

2 0th N ovember

1 705.

P ipemaker.

D ied p oor.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e r elated t o E dmund M iddleton, t obacco-merchant o f N ewcastle. 5 6. M orris.

J ames.

1 6th S eptember 2 nd O ctober

1 694.

1 709.

D aughter C atherine b apt.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 5 7. M orris.

J ohn.

1 3th A pril 1 801. W idower.

P ipemaker.

B uried,

a ged 7 5. S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

J ames a nd J ohn M orris m ay

b e r elated, p ossibly g randfather a nd g randson. T hey m ay a lso b e r elated t o J ames a nd J ohn M orris, p ipemakers o f N ewcastle. 5 8. M ould.

A rthur. 3 0th D ecember

1 688.

B aptised,

s on o f R obert M ould. S .M.P.R.

1 5th J uly

1 713. M arried B arbara R ochelle.

S .M.P.R.

2 7th M ay

1 716.

D aughter A nne b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 9th M ay

1 718.

D aughter M argaret b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 5th J anuary 3 rd M arch 2 1st M arch 1 725.

1 722.

1 724.

D aughter M ary b apt.

D aughter J ane b uried.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

1 724. D aughter I sabel b uried.

P aid 2 /6d r ent f or h is c hurch p ew.

2 nd M ay

S .M.P.R.

1 726.

2 1st D ecember 1th J anuary

S .M.V.B.,

3 53

S on R obert b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 726.

S .M.P.R.

1 730.

S on R obert b uried. S on R obert b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 5th D ecember

1 730.

S on R obert b uried.

S .M.P.R

1th F ebruary

1 731.

S on T homas b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 5th M arch

1 731.

D aughter B arbara b uried.

1 6th F ebruary 1 735. D aughter M argaret b aptised a nd b uried.

9 0

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

1 736. H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

S .M.V.B.,

3 97

N o s pecific r eference t o h im a s a p ipemaker, b ut h e i s p robably t he p erson w ho p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes 1 3 a nd 1 4, u sing a t otal o f t hree s tamps o f T yneside T ype E w ith t he i nitials " A.M.". 5 9. M ould.

R obert. 1 st S eptember 1 st J uly

1 659. M arried E lizabeth H utchinson.

1 663. D aughter J ane b apt.

1 0th J une

1 666.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

S on H enry b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 4th N ovember

1 672.

S on R obert b apt.

S .M.P.R.

3 0th D ecember

1 688.

S on A rthur b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 5th M ay

1 703.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 1 3, a nd u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype D a nd o ne o f T ype E . R obert a nd A rthur M ould a re p robably f ather a nd s on. 6 0.

N orris.

J ohn.

2 4th A ugust

1 793.

2 2nd S eptember 1 8th M arch 1 2th J uly

1 793.

1 795. 1 795.

2 0th N ovember b apt.

S on J ohn b orn. W ife S arah. S on J ohn b apt.

P ipemaker. P ipemaker.

1 796.

S .M.P.R.

S on S amuel b orn.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter S arah S .M.P.R. S on G eorge R .B.H.C.,

P ipemaker i n B ottlebank.

2 3rd M arch

1 817.

S .M.P.R.

S on S amuel b apt.

2 3rd M arch 1 800. T obacco p ipemaker. d ied a ged 5 w eeks. 1 801.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker.

M .D.a.,

1 817.

P ipemaker.

2 9

B aptised i nto

t he N ew J erusalem C hurch. 3 0th M arch

2 80

N .J.C.

D aughter M argaret

b apt. W ife S arah.

N .J.C.

1 828.

P ipemaker a t 5 2,

H illgate.

1 834.

P ipemaker a t H illgate.

9 1

P .W.D., P .D.,

6 2,

1 27

5 95,

6 19

1 838.

P ipemaker a t H illgate.

R .D.,

12,

2 34

N o p ipes k nown. 6 1. O gle.

R ichard. 2 5th J uly 1 3th M ay

1 772. 1 774.

2 8th J uly

S on J ohn b uried.

S .M.P.R.

S on T homas b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 776. D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 0th J une 1 809. P ipemaker d eceased. W idow M argaret b uried, a ged 7 0. N o p ipes k nown. 6 2.

O liver.

S .M.P.R.

J ames.

2 8th J anuary

1 811.

P ipemaker.

B uried,

a ged 2 9.

2 7th F ebruary 1 811. P ipemaker d eceased. b uried, a ged 2 y ears.

S .M.P.R.

S on D avid S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 6 3. O stle. W illiam. 1 749. W orking w ith G eorge L iddell, G ateshead .

p ipemaker o f ( Oswald . 1 975,

1 69 ).

N o p ipes k nown.

6 4.

P arke. G eorge. 1th J une

1 671.

B aptised,

s on o f T homas P arke.

S .M.P.R.

1 687.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

S .M.V.B.,

6 9

1 694.

P arish W anesman.

S .M.V.B.,

1 46.

1 2th M arch 1 0th M ay

1 695.

1 695.

1 3th A pril 3 rd A pril 1 st J une

S on T homas b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on T homas b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 696. 1 698.

1 698.

1th A ugust b apt.

D aughter E leanor b apt. P ipemaker.

P ipemaker. W ife M ary b uried.

1 700.

2 1st D ecember

D aughter S usanna b apt.

T obacco P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

S on G eorge S .M.P.R.

1 701.

P ipemaker.

9 2

D aughter E lizabeth

b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 9th D ecember

1 701.

P ipemaker.

D aughter E lizabeth

b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 2th S eptember 2 nd A ugust

1 703.

1 705.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter A nne b apt.

P ipemaker.

D aughter S usanna S .M.P.R.

b uried. 1 2th A ugust

1 705.

P ipemaker.

D aughter A nne

b uried. 9 th M ay

S .M.P.R.

1 706.

1 7th M ay

P ipemaker.

1 710.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

A n i ndenture s tates t hat h e h ad

l eased a p roperty o n t he e ast s ide o f F ore S treet.

B ounded o n t he w est b y F ore S treet,

o n t he e ast b y p roperty i n t he p ossession o f B arbary T hompson, C hurch S treet,

o n t he n orth b y

a nd o n t he s outh b y p roperty

b elonging t o W illiam D onnerdale.

( Fig.

1 ) T .W.

A rch.

1 5/5

A rch.

1 5/6

( This s ame p roperty w as l ater o ccupied b y J ohn T hompson,

p ipemaker o f G ateshead) T .W.

K nown t o h ave u sed t wo s tamps o f T yneside T ype D . M ay h ave s hared o ne o f T ype E w ith h is b rother M ichael.

6 5.

P arke.

M ichael. 1 0th O ctober 1 8th J uly

1 669.

1 691.

B aptised,

P ipemaker.

s on o f T homas P arke.

S .M.P.R.

A n i ndenture s tates

t hat h e p aid s eventy p ounds f or a p roperty o n t he e ast s ide o f F ore S treet. 1 0th J anuary 1 st O ctober

1 692. 1 693.

1 2th N ovember 1 694.

T .W.

A rch.

S on T homas b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on M oses b apt.

1 693.

S .M.P.R.

S on Moses b uried.

S .M.P.R.

P aid 3 /6d r ent f or h is c hurch p ew.

2 8th J une 6 th M ay

1 697.

1 701.

P ipemaker.

S .M.V.B.,

D aughter U rsula b apt.

A n i ndenture s tates t hat,

w ife U rsula,

h e p aid 5 /- f or a

1 287/6,7

1 46

S .M.P.R.

w ith h is

y ear l ease

o n a p roperty o n t he e ast s ide o f F ore S treet, i mmediately t o t he s outh o f a nother p roperty h eld b y h im.

9 3

T .W.

A rch.

1 287/8

7 th M arch

1 702.

A n i ndenture s tates t hat h e p aid

t hirty f our p ounds f or t he a bove p roperty i n F ore S treet. 1 702.

T .W.

P arish W aineman.

2 4th N ovember

1 705.

Owed

1 710.

1 83

1 /8d o n h is h ouse i n L ist o f T ithes a nd R ents.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew.

1 7th M ay

1 287/9

S .M.V.B.,

F ore S treet. 1 706.

A rch.

S .M.P.R.

T obacco P ipemaker.

A n i ndenture

s tates t hat o n t he 2 3rd J uly

1 705 h e,

a nd

c ertain o ther p ersons, h ad l eased a p roperty o n t he w est s ide o f F ore S treet t o a J ohn H arrison.

H arrison h ad a lso t aken t he l ease

o n a p roperty o n t he e ast s ide o f F ore S treet w hich, a t t hat t ime, w as o ccupied b y G eorge P arke,

p ipemaker o f G ateshead.

M ichael P arke n ow b ought b oth l eases f or a t otal o f o ne h undred a nd f ifty p ounds. T .W. 1 711 1 712.

- 1 712.

P arish C onstable.

S .M.V.B.,

P aid 8 /- r ent f or h is c hurch p ew.

5 th M ay

1 712.

T obacco P ipemaker.

A rch.

1 5/5

2 63,

2 64

S .M.V.B.,

2 73

A n i ndenture

s tates t hat h e w as i nvolved i n t ransactions c oncerning t he p roperty i n F ore S treet, f ormerly o ccupied b y h is b rother, P arke,

G eorge

a nd n ow o ccupied b y J ohn T hompson,

p ipemaker o f G ateshead. T .W. 2 3rd O ctober 1 9th A pril

1 716. W ife U rsula b uried.

1 720.

E lected o ne o f t he

1 721

" Twenty f our

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew. - 1 734.

H adhis

1 8th J anuary

S .M.V.B.,

3 08

S .M.V.B.,

3 15

O ne o f t he " Twenty f our

V estrymen".

1 736 .

1 5/6

S .M.P.R.

V estrymen". 1 720.

A rch.,

S .M.V.B.,

3 04,

3 10,

3 33,

3 39,

own c hurch pew. 1 737.

B uried.

o f e ight s tamps o f T yneside T ype D a nd H e m ay h ave s hared a nother

T ype E w ith h is b rother G eorge.

9 4

3 67,

3 75,

3 78.

S .M.V .B .,

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes 8 , 9 , 1 2, a nd 1 3, a nd u sed a t otal o ne o f T ype E .

3 62,

3 90

S .M.P.R.

6 6.

P arke.

T homas I . 3 0th J une

1 673.

L isted i n " An A ccount o f t he

J ourneymen F eltmakers t o h ave s erved t heir t ime a s a pprentis". 2 1st

F ebruary

1 675.

F .C.A.

F eltmaker a nd p ipemaker.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 6 7.

P arke.

T homas I I. 1 5th O ctober

1 667.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 0th O ctober

1 669.

S on M ichael b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 670.

P ipemaker.

P arish O verseer f or t he P oor. S .M.V.B.,

1th J une

1 671.

1 3th S eptember 1 675.

P ipemaker. 1 674.

S on G eorge b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on T homas b apt.

N amed o n t he C harter o f

1 675.

S .M.P.R. P .R.O.

D urham 3 /118,

m em. 5 th J une

1 675.

4 00

S on T homas b uried.

l d.

N o.

1 .

S .M.P.R.

1 676.

P arish C onstable.

S .M.V.B.,

4 77

1 676.

P aid 4 /- r ent f or h is c hurch p ew.

S .M.V.B.,

4 78

1 4th M ay

1 676.

2 1st O ctober 2 5th M arch 3 rd J uly 1 680.

1 677.

1 679.

1 679.

D aughter W innifred b apt.

D aughter M arie b apt.

D aughter Mary b uried.

P arish W ainman.

8 th A ugust 1 681.

D aughter E llinore b apt.

1 680.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

S on T homas b apt.

9

S .M.P.R.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew. W ife c alled

P arish W ainman.

1 st J uly 1 684.

S .M.P.R.

S .M.V.B.,

E llinor. 1 683.

S .M.P.R.

1 683.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

P arish W ainman.

1 7th J uly

1 687.

S .M.V.B.,

2 7

S .M.V.B.,

3 1

S .M.P.R. S .M.V.B.,

S on T homas b apt.

9 5

4 1

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes 6 a nd 8 , T ype C ,

a nd u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside

a nd a t otal o f s ix s tamps o f T ype D .

H is u se o f T ype D 6 m ight s uggest t hat h e c ontinued u ntil c 1 700. T homas P arke I a nd I I a re p robably f ather a nd s on.

P rior t o

1 675 i t i s v ery d ifficult

t o d istinguish b etween t hem.

T homas I I w as

t he f ather o f G eorge a nd M ichael.

T hey m ay

b e r elated t o T homas T aylor a nd J ohn T hompson, p ipemakers o f G ateshead. 6 8.

P attison.

J ohn.

1 663.

H ad t wo h earths.

2 nd M arch 1 666.

1 665.

S on G eorge b apt.

P ipemaker.

1 9th J uly

H .T.G.

1 666.

S .M.P.R.

H ad h is o wn c hurch p ew. P ipemaker.

S .M.V.B.,

3 50

D aughter M argaret b apt. S .M.P.R.

1 670.

P ipemaker.

P arish O verseer f or H ighways. S .M.V.B.,

1 671.

C ontributed

1 /- t owards

4 00

" the r edemption o f

t he p oor C hristians n ow s laves u nder t he T urks". 1 2th J anuary

S .M.V.B., 1 671.

P ipemaker.

4 14

D aughter A lice b apt. S .M.P.R.

3 0th A ugust 1 671. P ipemaker. W ilkinson b uried.

S ervant S amuel

6 th J anuary

S on J ohn b apt.

1 8th M ay 1 675.

1 673.

1 675.

P ipemaker.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

D aughter M argaret b apt.

N amed o n t he C harter o f

1 675.

P .R.O.

D urham 3 /118.

m em. 3 0th S eptember

1 675.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

l d.

N o.

1 .

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 8 ,

a nd u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype

D . 6 9.

P orter.

G eorge.

B etween 2 9th A pril a nd 9 th J une

1 705. M arried

M ary C hambers. 1 5th M ay

1 709.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker.

9 6

S on G eorge b apt.

S .M.P.R.

8 th J uly

1 716. D aughter A nn b uried.

2 9th A pril 1 722. D aughter M argaret b apt. N o p ipes k nown. 7 0.

P orterhouse.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

S imon.

3 1st J uly

1 671.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 7 1.

R aw. W illiam. 6 th N ovember

1 709.

P ipemaker.

2 6th J anuary

1 711.

S on W illiam b uried.

1 0th A ugust 6 th A pril

1 712.

1 713.

9 th J anuary

S on W illiam b apt.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

S on R ichard b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on R ichard b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 715.

S on S tephen b apt.

S .M.P.R.

3 rd F ebruary

1 717. D aughter S arah b uried.

S .M.P.R.

8 th D ecember

1 717.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter E lizabeth b uried.

S .M.P.R.

6 th J anuary

1 718.

7 th F ebruary

1 720.

S on W illiam b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 7th O ctober

1 720.

D aughter E lizabeth b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 3th D ecember 1 st J anuary

1 724.

1 727.

2 nd N ovember

S on R obert b uried.

S on R obert b uried.

1 729. D aughter A lice b apt.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

7 2.

R eynoldson.

T homas.

1th F ebruary

1 705.

P ipemaker. M arried M argaret

B arker.

S .M.P.R.

1 0th D ecember 9 th J uly

1 705.

1 710.

2 8th M arch

D aughter J ohanna b apt.

1 711.

2 3rd O ctober

S on S tephen b uried.

D aughter J ohanna b uried.

1 715.

S on M ichael b apt.

9 7

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

8 th J une

1 718.

1 st J anuary

1 719.

2 1st F ebruary 8 th A pril

D aughter J ane b apt. D aughter J ane b uried.

1 720.

1 722.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

D aughter M ary b apt.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter A nne b apt.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 7 3.

R icharson.

C harles.

1 6th M ay

1 697.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 7th N ovember

1 705.

P ipemaker.

S on R obert b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 8th N ovember

1 705.

P ipemaker.

S on R obert b uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

H e m ay b e r elated t o

e ither, o r b oth, o f t he T homas R icharsons, p ipemakers o f N ewcastle. 7 4.

R odchester.

J ohn.

2 3rd S eptember 1 2th J anuary 1 4th M ay

1 688.

1 691.

1 691.

D aughter B arbara b apt.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter E lizabeth b uried.

S .M.P.R.

S on A nthony b uried.

S .M.P.R.

2 6th J anuary

1 693.

D aughter D orothy b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 7th J anuary

1 693.

D aughter D orothy b uried.

S .M.P.R.

6 th A ugust 7 th J uly 3 rd M ay

S on H enry b apt.

S .M.P.R.

W ife J ane b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 694.

1 695. 1 697.

P ipemaker.

S on M athew b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 8th O ctober 1 703. T obacco p ipemaker. H is f amily i ncluded s ons, H enry, M athew, J ohn a nd T homas, t ogether w ith d aughters E lizabeth a nd B arbara. T he w ill o f h is u ncle,

J ohn R ochester,

b ootwright o f G ateshead, 1 6th D ecember 9 th J une

1 716.

1 718.

D .P.U.D.,

S on M athew b uried.

B uried.

1 704

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 9 ,

T 56

a nd u sed a t otal o f t wo s tamps o f

T yneside T ype D a nd t wo o f T ype E .

9 8

7 5. S ewell. W illiam. 2 5th S eptember 4 th M ay

1 648.

2 2nd A pril

1 646.

S on b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on A nthony b apt.

1 651.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ypes 2 a a nd 2 b, a nd u sed a t otal o f t wo s tamps o f T yneside T ype A . H e i s t he f irst p erson s pecifically r eferred t o a s a p ipem aker i n G ateshead. 7 6.

S mirke & A ndrews. 1 787.

P ipemakers a t t he T ollbooth.

W .D.c.,

1 07

N o p ipes k nown. 7 7.

S mith.

J ames. 2 8th F ebruary

1 803.

P ipemaker.

D aughter M ary

b uried. W ife H annah D akins o f W ylam, N orthumberland. 1 2th J une

1 803.

P ipemaker.

F irst s on,

S .M.P.R.

J ohn

W alker b orn. 2 3rd D ecember

S .M.P.R.

1 804.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn W alker

b apt. 2 7th J uly

S .M.P.R. 1 805.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn W alker b uried. S .M.P.R.

8 th O ctober b orn. 2 nd F ebruary

1 805.

P ipemaker.

S econd s on,

H enry S .M.P.R.

1 806.

P ipemaker.

S on H enry b apt.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

7 8. S tephenson. J ames. 2 4th F ebruary 1 798. P ipemaker. W ife D orothy ( nee S tephenson o f P andon G ate, N ewcastle, a nd r elict o f J ames B eck) d ied a ged 6 3.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

7 9. Swaddel. Michael. 2 5th J anuary 5 th M arch

1 670. M arried I sabel H odgson.

1 671. D aughter A lice b apt.

9 9

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

1th M ay 1 676.

1 673. S on J ohn b apt.

S .M .P.R.

L ived i n t he L ow W ard o f G ateshead.

S .M.V.B.,

4 71

1 4th M ay

1 676. S on M ichael b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 st J uly

1 676.

S .M.P.R.

S on M ichael b uried.

2 4th J une 1 678. T obacco p ipemaker. S igned a n a greement w ith R ichard H udleston, G ateshead g rocer n amed i n t he C harter o f 1 675. G owland MSS . N .C.R.O. M 13/E13 N o.83 2 3rd M arch

1 679.

2 6th N ovember

D aughter b apt.

1 682.

S .M .P.R.

D aughter I sabel b apt.

1 3th A pril

1 685.

1 0th A pril

1 697. D aughter C atherine b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 7th A pril

1 690.

S .M.P.R.

2 4th J uly

D aughter I sabel b uried.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

1 690. D aughter E lizabeth b uried.

8 th N ovember

1 696.

D aughter I sabel b apt.

S .M .P.R.

S .M.P.R. S .M .P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 8 , a nd u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype C a nd o ne o f T ype D . 8 0.

S wadle.

J ohn.

1th M ay

1 673.

2 6th D ecember 1 6th A ugust

B aptised, 1 707.

1 709.

s on o f M ichael S waddel.

D aughter J ane b uried.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

D aughter J ane b uried. S .M.P.R.

1 8th F ebruary 1 0th J une

1 710.

1 711.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b uried.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ichael a nd J ohn S waddel ( Swadle) a re p robably f ather a nd s on. 8 1.

T aylor.

L awrence.

2 8th A ugust

1 696.

1 6th F ebruary

P ipemaker. W ife J ane b uried.

1 699.

B uried.

N o p ipes k nown.

1 00

D ied p oor.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

8 2.

T aylor.

T homas.

1 6th M ay 1 697. P ipemaker. B astard s on T homas b apt. C hild's m other M ary P ark.

S .M.P.R.

1 3th O ctober

S .M.P.R.

1 697.

1 3th N ovember

P ipemaker.

1 698.

S on T homas b apt.

S on T homas b uried.

2 9th S eptember 1 700. F rances b apt.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter S .M.P.R.

1 2th F ebruary

1 702.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

7 th S eptember

1 703.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b uried.

S .M.P.R.

7 th N ovember

1 703. D aughter E leanor b apt.

S .M.P.R.

2 nd F ebruary

1 707.

S .M.P.R.

1 2th S eptember b uried. 6 th M arch

P ipemaker. D aughter M ary b apt.

1 707.

P ipemaker.

D aughter E leanor S .M.P.R.

1 708.

P ipemaker.

D aughter M ary b uried.

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype D . L awrence a nd T homas T aylor a re p robably r elated, p ossibly b rothers. T homas T aylor m ay h ave b een r elated b y m arriage t o t he P arke f amily o f G ateshead p ipemakers. 8 3.

T hompson.

J ohn I .

4 th M arch 1 684.

1 683.

P ipemaker.

1 4th F ebruary

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

P arish C onstable.

1 690.

P ipemaker.

S .M.V.B.,

B uried.

4 1

S .M.P.R.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 8 a nd 9 . A t otal o f s even s tamps o f T yneside T ype D a re k nown w ith t he n ame J ohn T hompson. T he m ajority, i f n ot a ll, b elong t o t his p ipemaker, b ut i t i s u ncertain h ow m any, i f a ny, w ere u sed b y J ohn T hompson I I. 8 4.

T hompson.

J ohn I I.

1 705.

P ipemaker.

P arish O verseer f or t he P oor. S .M.V.B.,

2 6th J anuary 2 5th F ebruary

1 707. 1 708.

2 01

P ipemaker. M arried J ane P ark.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker. W ife J ane b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 01

1th A pril

1 710.

P ipemaker.

P arish C onstable. S .M.V.B., 2 53

5 th M ay 1 712. P ipemaker. O ccupied a p roperty o n t he e ast s ide o f F ore S treet, i mmediately s outh o f C hurch S treet. F ormerly o ccupied b y G eorge P arke, p ipemaker o f G ateshead. T .W. A rch., 7 th J une

1 713.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

1 5/6

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. J ohn I a nd J ohn I I a re p ossible f ather a nd s on, a nd m ay b e f orebears o f J ohn T hompson I II, l ate 1 8th c entury p ipemaker o f G ateshead. T hey m ay a lso b e r elated t o J ohn T hompson, p ipemaker o f N ewcastle. B oth J ohn I a nd J ohn I I m ay h ave h eld s everal P arish O ffices. H owever, t heir n ame w as c ommon a t t hat p eriod, a nd s urviving r ecords a re n ot d etailed e nough f or a bsolute c ertainty. 8 5.

T hompson.

J ohn I II.

1 9th F ebruary

1 796.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e d escended f rom t he e arlier p ipemakers o f t he s ame n ame. M ay b e r elated t o J ohn T hompson, N ewcastle. 8 6.

p ipemaker o f

T odd. N icholas. 1 663.

H ad o ne h earth.

2 5th J uly

1 700.

H .T.G.

P ipemaker.

B uried. D ied p oor.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 8 7.

T ucker.

I saac.

3 rd J anuary b orn.

1 802.

2 5th N ovember 2 nd N ovember

P ipemaker.

S econd s on, W illiam S .M.P.R.

1 802. 1 803.

P ipemaker.

S on W illiam b apt.

F irst D aughter,

S .M.P.R.

E lizabeth b orn. S .M.P.R.

1 2th F ebruary

1 804.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 6th N ovember 1 809. P ipemaker o f S t. M argaret's, L eicester. F ourth s on, W illiam b orn.

S .M.P.R.

1 0th D ecember

S .M.P.R.

1 809.

P ipemaker.

1 02

S on W illiam b apt.

1 8th J uly 1 812. b orn.

P ipemaker.

S econd d aughter, M ary S .M.P.R.

9 th A ugust

1 812.

P ipemaker.

D aughter M ary b apt.

S .M.P.R.

3 0th A pril

1 815.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b orn.

S .M.P.R.

1 6th J uly

1 815.

7 th S eptember

1 817.

2 8th S eptember 2 3rd O ctober b orn. 2 nd A pril

P ipemaker.

P ipemaker.

1 817.

1 819.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on G eorge b orn.

P ipemaker.

S on G eorge b apt.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker. D aughter F rances S .M.P.R.

1 820.

P ipemaker.

D aughter F rances

b apt. 1 828.

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

T obacco p ipemaker a t 8 ,

P ipewellgate. P .W.D.,

1 834. 1 838.

T obacco p ipemaker a t O akwellgate.

8 7,

13

P .D.,598,

6 19

T obacco p ipemaker a t 2 9, B ottlebank, b ut l iving a t 2 , C annon S treet. R .D.,

1 60,

2 34

N o p ipes k nown. 8 8. W alker.

H enry.

2 1st J une

1 674.

2 3rd M arch

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

1 675.

S .M.P.R.

D aughter M ary b uried.

S .M.P.R.

9 th A pril

1 675. D aughter M argaret b uried.

S .M.P.R.

1 7th J uly

1 676. M arried A nn S waithling.

S .M.P.R.

2 nd O ctober

1 676.

2 2nd S eptember 2 3rd F ebruary 1 2th A ugust 5 th J une

S on H enry b apt.

1 679. 1 682.

S on E dward b uried. S on J ohn b uried.

1 683. D aughter B arbara b uried.

1 699.

B uried.

D ied p oor.

K nown t o h ave p roduced p ipes o f T yneside T ype 8 , a nd u sed o ne s tamp o f T yneside T ype C a nd o ne o f T ype D .

1 03

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

8 9. W ardhaugh.

T homas.

2 6th J une

1 796.

2 nd O ctober

P ipemaker.

1 796.

S on W illiam b orn.

P ipemaker.

S on W illiam b orn.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

6 th A pril 1 798. P ipemaker. N ative o f A ll S aints P arish, N ewcastle. S econd s on, T homas b orn.

S .M.P.R.

2 6th A ugust

S .M.P.R.

1 798.

P ipemaker.

S on T homas b apt.

1th F ebruary 1 800. P ipemaker. T hird s on, J ohn O rd b orn. W ife M ary, d aughter o f G eorge O rd o f H oughton-le-Spring, C ounty D urham. 2 5th D ecember

1 800.

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

S on J ohn O rd b apt. S .M.P.R.

1 9th A pril 1 801. P ipemaker l iving i n F ore S treet. S on T homas d ied, a ged 3 y ears. S .M.P.R. 3 0th M ay 1 802. P ipemaker. A nne b orn. 2 1st J une 1 804. b orn.

P ipemaker.

F irst d aughter, M ary S .M.P.R. F ourth s on,

T homas S .M.P.R.

1th N ovember 1 804. P ipemaker. M ary A nne b apt.

S on T homas a nd

7 th S eptember 1 806. H arriet b orn.

P ipemaker.

S econd d aughter,

1 8th F ebruary

P ipemaker.

S .M.P.R.

S .M.P.R.

1 809.

F ifth s on,

G eorge

b orn. 2 nd M arch

S .M.P.R. 1 812.

P ipemaker.

S ixth s on,

H enry b orn. S .M.P.R.

2 0th S eptember 1 812. P ipemaker. D aughter H arriet a nd s ons G eorge a nd H enry b apt.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 9 0. W harton.

A nthony.

2 nd J une

1 700.

P ipemaker. M arried B arbara N easham. S .M.P.R.

1 st F ebruary 2 7th F ebruary 9 th D ecember

1 703.

P ipemaker.

1 705. 1 705.

P ipemaker. P ipemaker.

N o p ipes k nown.

D aughter M ary b apt. S on G eorge b apt.

S .M.P.R.

S on G eorge b uried.

S .M.P.R.

T his p erson m ay b e e ither

1 04

S .M.P.R.

t he A nthony W harton b uried o n 1 8th O ctober 1 725, o r t he p erson o f t he s ame n ame b uried o n t he 5 th J uly 1 730.

S .M.P.R.

9 1. W ilkinson. W illiam. 1th J uly

1 697. M arried E leanor S anders.

S .M.P.R.

2 7th J une

1 703.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker. D aughter A lice b apt.

4 th M arch 1 704. b uried.

T obacco p ipemaker.

5 th M arch

P ipemaker.

1 710.

3 0th M arch 1 718.

S on T homas S .M.P.R.

S on J oseph b apt.

S .M.P.R.

1 711. D aughter E lizabeth b uried.

S .M.P.R.

P ipemaker. W ith h is w ife a nd e ldest s on, J ohn, h e s old a m essuage a nd g arth o n t he w est s ide o f B ottle B ank f or t wenty p ounds t o W illiam S anders, s mith o f M iddle S treet, N ewcastle. W elford. R .,

1 915,

6 7.

N o p ipes k nown. M ay b e r elated t o W illiam W ilkinson, t obacconist o f N ewcastle. 9 2. W ilson. W illiam. J uly 1 801.

1 794.

S on W illiam b orn. W ife H annah.

P ipemaker

2 3rd J une

1 821.

i n C hurch

S treet .

E ither h e,

h is s on,

S .M.P.R. M .D .a .,

o r b oth,

r ecorded a t a P ipe m anufactory i n B ottle B ank. 5 th J uly

1 822.

P ipemaker.

4 3

N .C.a.

2 8 y ear o ld s on W illiam

b apt.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. P robably t he W ilson o f " Brown & W ilson", p ipemakers o f G ateshead. B oth h is s on a nd h is g randson w ere p ipem akers l ater i n t he n ineteenth c entury.

9 3. W right. T homas. 2 3rd J uly

1 703.

4 th F ebruary

P ipemaker.

1 706.

D aughter J ane b apt.

P ipemaker.

b uried.

S .M.P.R.

S on J ames b apt a nd S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown.

1 05

9 4.

Y oung .

T homas. 6 th M arch

1 802.

P ipemaker.

B uried.

S .M.P.R.

N o p ipes k nown. 9 5.

Y oung. W illiam . 1 2th N ovember

1 666.

P ipemaker. M arried A lice H ead. S .M.P.R.

1 st M arch

1 667.

2 1st F ebruary 2 2nd J une

P ipemaker.

1 668.

1 675.

S on J ohn b apt.

P ipemaker.

P ipemaker.

N o p ipes k nown.

1 06

S on R alph b apt.

B uried.

S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R. S .M.P.R.

N otes. 1 . A ll S aints P arish P arish R egisters 2 .

S t. M ary's P arish R egisters

3 .

S t.

( S.M.P.R.)

A ndrew 's P arish R egisters

4 . O swald,

1 975,

1 58

5 . O swald,

1 983,

1 89

6 .

P arsons,

1 964,

7 .

T yne a nd W ear A rchives

8 . M iddlebrook, 9 . W atkins, L awrence,

1.

O swald,

1 950,

1 2.

T .W.

1 3.

E dwards,

A rch.

A rch.)

5 43/69

8 9

8 0 - 8 2

c omm.

1 51

1 986a,

1 4. M anders,

( T.W.

1 04

1 979,

p ers.

( S.A.P.R.)

2 34

1 979,

1 0.

( A.S.P.R.)

1 973,

2 9 a nd b elow 1 09-118

1 5. M iddlebrook,

3 42 - 3 43

i bid,

i bid,

3 21

1 6.

E dwards,

1 7.

H owell,

1 8.

D endy,

1 9.

E dwards,

2 0.

T .W.

2 1.

P ublic R ecord O ffice,

2 2.

D epartment o f P alaeography a nd D iplomatic, U niversity o f D urham, ( D.P.U.D) G ibson D eposit, V olume 2 , f .178

2 3.

P ublic R ecord O ffice,

2 4.

D odds,

2 5.

N ewcastle J ournal,

2 6.

D .P.U.D.

2 7.

T .W.

1 967, 1 894,

8 3 a nd b elow 11 2 78

1 51

i bid,

A rch.

11-113

1 51/3

1 907,

A rch

8 4 a nd b elow

D urham 3 /118 m em.

l d.,

N o.

1

D urham 4 /3 f f 4 99v - 5 01r

2 9

T 1 71

1 2th A ugust

1 689,

1 775,

a nd E dwards

1 5/5

1 07

p age 2 ,

1 986b

c olumn 4

2 8. T .W. A rch

1 5/6

2 9. W hitehead D irectory 1 787, 3 0. D .P.U.D. T 2 2 3 1.

1 07

1 707

i bid

3 2. D .P.U.D. A 32 I 1 670 3 3.

P arsons,

i bid,

2 36

3 4. i bid, 2 38 2 5. O swald,

1 983,

1 88

3 6. E dwards,

1 986a,

3 7.

i bid,

P arsons,

1 22 2 45 - 2 47

3 8. L e C heminant,

1 981,

3 9. O swald,

i bid,

1 91

4 0. O swald,

1 975,

6 6.

4 1.

i bid,

1 33,

f ig.

4 .42

6 3

4 2. L awrence, 4 3. W atkins,

1 979, 1 979,

7 3 - 7 6 9 0 - 9 3

4 4. S t. M ary 's P arish R egisters 4 5. J ohnson, 4 6. O swald, 4 7.

1 968, 1 975,

7 1

i bid, 6 6

4 8. T .W. A rch. 4 9.

8 5 - 9 3

P arsons'

1 51

u npublished p apers.

1 08

SEVENTEENTH A ND E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY T YNESIDE T OBACCONISTS I t h as b een s hown t hat t he T yneside t obacco-pipemaking i ndustry c ommenced c .1630 1635, a nd was f lourishing b y t he e arly 1 640s ( 1). D ocumentary e vidence i mplies t hat t rade i n t obacco h ad c ommenced o n T yneside b y 1 628 a t t he l atest. Two o f t he e arliest r eferences t o t obacco o ccur i n t he H oward H ousehold B ook a nd r ecord d etails o f e xpenses incurred by S ir Thomas Swinburne, H igh Sheriff of N orthumberland, a t t he A ssizes held i n G ateshead i n 1 628 a nd 1 629. O n t he f ormer o ccasion t hirty f ive p ounds was p aid f or w ine, t hree p ounts f or March b eer a nd o ne p ound f or t obacco . O n t he l atter o ccasion

5 /6d was p aid " for b eer a nd t obacco a t

s everal t imes ."

( 2 ).

T he i mport a nd e xport o f t obacco t hrough t he P ort o f N ewcastle i s r ecorded i n t he C hamberlains ' A ccounts o f N ewcastle u pon T yne ( 3). A d etailed s urvey o f t hese r ecords t hroughout t he p eriod i n q uestion i s required i n order t o obtain a more complete u nderstanding o f t his a spect of t he t rade. T he e vidence t o d ate w ould i ndicate t hat w hilst s ome o f t he t obacco was b rought b y s hip t o N ewcastle, l arge a mounts w ere b rought o verland f rom o ther ( as y et u ncertain ) g iven t ime t obacco i n t he amount

p orts o f e ntry . O ther e vidence would s uggest t hat a t a ny t here i s a s erious d iscrepancy b etween t he amount o f N ewcastle a ccording t o t he C hamberlains ' A ccounts, a nd w hich c an e ither b e s hown, o r m ight b e e xpected, t o h ave

b een i n t he C ity. A n e xamination o f t he A ccounts f or t he p eriod 1 667 t o 1 670 r eveals a t otal o f t hirteen e ntries c oncerning t he i mport o f a lmost t wenty e ight t ons o f t obacco . N one o f t hese e ntries i nclude t he n ame o f a s hip, s uggesting t hat t he t obacco h ad b een imported i nto t he c ountry e lsewhere a nd t ransported o verland t o N ewcastle . O ver t wenty t wo a nd h alf t ons o f t his t obacco w as i mported i nto N ewcastle b y C hristopher B ickers, a G rocer o f G ateshead ( 4). H e was o ne o f t he persons n amed in t he Charter granted t o t he Grocers, A pothecaries a nd T obacco-pipemakers o f G ateshead i n 1 675 ( 5 ). T his m ight i mply t hat t he t obacco h andled b y B ickers h ad b een t ransported t hrough C ounty D urham . D uring the 1 690s the same A ccounts contain s ix entries r ecording t he i mport o f t obacco i nto N ewcastle . F our o f t hese s how t hat t he t obacco c oncerned c ame b y s hip. T hese i nclude twenty h ogsheads o f t obacco imported on t he " Thomas" o f N ewcastle i n D ecember 1 695 ( 6), a nd s ixty h ogsheads o f t obacco imported o n t he " Susan a nd S arah" o f B oston, N ew E ngland, i n March 1 698 ( 7). O ne h ogshead o f t obacco e quals 7 50 l b ( 8), a nd c .1749 a s hip o f 1 50 200 t ons would c arry 4 00 - 4 50 h ogsheads o f t obacco ( 9 ). T he r emaining e ntries a pparently r ecord t obacco b rought o verland a s i n t he 1 660s . T hese i nclude t he p ayment o f 4 /- d uty f or e ight h ogsheads o f t obacco b y A nthony L ax o f D urham and 6 /4d d uty f or twnty e ight b oxes o f " cutt t obacco" b y R obert L amb o f D urham . B oth e ntries w ere made i n J uly 1 692 ( 10). T he C hamberlains ' A ccounts a lso r ecord t obacco b eing e xported f rom N ewcastle o f f our o ccasions d uring t he 1 690s . I n O ctober 1 691 f ive hogsheads o f t obacco were e xported on t he " Golden H art" o f

1 09

S trahlsound ( 11). ( It h as b een s uggested t hat S trahlsound may b e S tralsund w hich i s n ow p art o f E ast G ermany ( 12 ). I n M ay 1 698 e ight h ogsheads o f t obacco were e xported o n t he " Fortune o f T umbro ( 13). O n t he o ther o ccasions, i n O ctober 1 695 ( 14) a nd J uly 1 699 ( 15) u nspecified amounts o f t obacco a re r ecorded l eaving N ewcastle o n b oard s hip. I n t he e arly e ighteenth c entury t he G ateshead merchant W illiam C otesworth i mported t obacco a nd o ther i tems i ncluding i ndigo, h ops a nd d yestuffs f rom L ondon ( 16 ). H owever, N ewcastle was n ot a m ajor i mporter o f t obacco, a nd r equired an A ct o f P arliament i n 1 789 i n o rder t o a llow i t t o j oin L ondon, B ristol, L iverpool, L ancaster, C owes, F almouth, Whitehaven, H ull, G lasgow , G reenock a nd L eith a s a t obacco-importing p ort

o f a ny c onsequence .

D uring t he f irst h alf of t he e ighteenth c entury Whitehaven b ecame t he s econd o r t hird most important p ort i n t he c ountry f or t rade i n t obacco ( 17). I n 1 759 i t was r ecorded t hat t he p ort h ad " 140 s hips i n t he V irginia t rade. Av ery l arge import o f t obacco, t he g reatest p art o f w hich i s s ent t o F rance ." ( 18 ). A m ajor f igure i n t his d evelopment was C aptain Walter L utwidge, merchant o f W hitehaven, who b egan t rading a bout 1 710 . B y 1 740 h e owned a bout s ix s hips, h ad s hares i n s everal o thers, a nd imported o ver twelve h undred h ogsheads o f V irginia t obacco e ach y ear ( 19 ). L utwidge h ad a gents a nd s mall warehouses o r c ellars i n a ll t he p rincipal t owns i n t he n orth . T hese i ncluded h is s on-in-law J ohn C ookson, J ohn S hippard a nd C hristian G ulicker, o r G allacher, i n N ewcastle ( 20). T his might imply t hat s ome a t l east o f t he t obacco c onsumed o n T yneside d uring t he e arly t o mid-eighteenth c entury may h ave b een i mported a t Whitehaven a nd t ransported o verland t o N ewcastle . C ertainly , movement o f t obacco a cross t he P ennines a ppears t o h ave o ccurred i n t he s eventeenth c entury. I n 1 652 Matthew P orter o f P enrith h ad a p arcel o f t obacco worth £ 9.15s.6d. s eized f rom h im i n N ewcastle

( 21).

A d ocument d ated March 2 1st 1 710/11 r efers t o a c onsignment o f t obacco p urchased f rom a s hip c alled t he " Maria C hristiana" b y a J ames C ookson ( 22). T he t obacco i s d escribed a s 4 561b o f " cutt t obacco" a t 1 2d p er p ound, c ontained i n s ix b oxes e ach s tamped w ith a " Lyon"; 5 451b o f " cutt t obacco" a t 9 d p er p ound, c ontained i n s ix b oxes e ach s tamped w ith a " Black B oy"; 5 811b o f " cutt t obacco" a t 6 d p er p ound, c ontained i n s even b oxes e ach s tamped with a " Cock" . U nfortunately , t he p rovenance o f t he d ocument i s u nknown. I t i s p ossible t hat J ames C ookson may b e t he f ather o f t he a bove J ohn C ookson . I f s o, i t i s p ossible t hat J ames C ookson m ight h ave b een i nvolved w ith L utwidge o r s ome o ther W hitehaven merchant . I t w ould s eem t hat i f t he t obacco c oncerned e ver c ame t o N ewcastle, i t d id n ot c ome b y s hip. T here i s n o r ecord o f t he " Maria C hristiana" e ntering t he P ort of N ewcastle i n t he p eriod O ctober 1 710 t o March 1 710/11. N either i s t here a r ecord o f a ny c argo o f t obacco e ntering t he P ort d uring t he s ame p eriod o f t ime . A t otal o f n inety t hree t obacconists a re k nown a t N ewcastle b efore c 1 800, c ompared t o o nly e ight a t G ateshead where n one a re r ecorded b efore t he 1 770s . B y p lotting t hose t obacconists a ctually r eferred t o, a nd a dding o ther t obacconists l ikely t o h ave b een

10

w orking , i t i s p ossible t o o btain a n i ndication o f t he d evelopment o f t he i ndustry d ecade b y d ecade ( Figures 3 & 4 ). T his s hows t hat t he t obacconist t rade i n N ewcastle was e stablished b y t he 1 640s a nd q uickly e xpanded i n t he 1 660s t o a l evel which w as a pproximately m aintained u ntil t he f irst y ears o f t he e ighteenth c entury. T here m ay t hen h ave b een a s light d ecline, l evelling o ff i n t he 1 720s p rior t o a r evival which b egan i n t he 1 750s a nd p eaked s ome f orty y ears l ater. A s imilar p attern h as b een n oted f or t he T yneside t obacco-pipemakers and c ompared with t he g rowth i n p opulation o f N ewcastle a nd G ateshead b etween 1 621 a nd 1 801 ( 23 ). R eferences t o p eople s pecifically d ealing i n t obacco d o n ot b egin u ntil t he 1 640s, s uggesting t hat p rior t o t hat d ate i t was h andled b y general merchants. T here i s s ome e vidence t hat s uch m erchants r emained a s " middlemen" after t obacconists h ad b ecome e stablished . T he N ewcastle merchant T imothy D avison p aid a d uty o f 3 d p er h ogshead f or t wo h undred a nd t wenty h ogsheads o f t obacco i n D ecember 1 681 ( 24 ). U nfortunately , t here i s n o i ndication o f w here t his l arge amount of t obacco ( equivalent t o o ver h alf a s hip 's c argo ) was b rought f rom. E qually, i t i s u nknown i f i t was t he r esult o f a s ingle p urchase, o r t he r esult o f a s eries o f p urchases f rom o ne o r more s ources o ver a n u nknown p eriod o f t ime . P arish R ecords s how t hat t he t obacco t rade b ecame e stablished i n t he N ewcastle P arishes o f A ll S aints a nd S t . N icholas, i .e . t hose w ith a r iver-frontage . O ther c ontemporary s ources a nd l ater T rade D irectories e mphasise t he i mportance o f t he a rea i ncorporating S ide, S andhill and Quayside ( Table 1 and F igure 1 ). The l ack of t obacconists i n G ateshead may b e more a pparent t han r eal, owing t o t he P arish R egisters o f t hat t own n ot r ecording d etails o f o ccupation d uring much o f t he e ighteenth c entury, u nlike t hose i n N ewcastle . However, i t would s eem t hat t obacconists were f ew i n G ateshead a t a ny t ime p rior t o c 1 800. A n umber o f t he N ewcastle t obacconists a re k nown t o h ave b een M erchant A dventurers, b ut t he majority would a ppear t o h ave b een F eltmakers . T he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers h eld i ts meetings i n t he H erber T ower n ear B lackfriars ( Plate 1 ) . T heir C ompany r ecords s urvive i n T yne a nd W ear A rchive D epartment

( 25 ).

M embers o f t hese C ompanies were, t o s ome e xtent, a ble p rotect t hemselves against " foreigners" s elling t obacco

t o i n

N ewcastle . I n e arly 1 640 t he Merchant A dventurers p etitioned t he M ayor, A ldermen a nd C ommon C ouncil s tating t hat t hey f ound i t a " great grievance t hat any s tranger, b y v irtue o f any p atent f or t obacco s hould b e p rivileged w ithin t he l iberty o f t he t own t o k eep o pen s hop a s f ree merchants" ( 26). T his was f ollowed i n 1 646 b y a r equest t o t he Mayor a nd J ustices t hat p ersons n ot f ree o f t he F ellowhip o f Merchant A dventurers s hould b e r estrained f rom k eeping t obacco s hops ( 27 ). I nstances s uch a s t he s eizure a nd s ale o f e ight r oules o f t obacco f rom A ndrew V eitch,

a " foreigner",

i n N ovember

1 648 ( 28 ) d id n ot d issuade s uch p ersons f rom a ttempting t o t rade i n N ewcastle . T he f ailure t o p revent " foreigners" t rading i n t he C ity r esulted i n f urther p etitions t o t he C ommon C ouncil i n J anuary 1 652 ( 29), D ecember 1 682 a nd D ecember 1 703 ( 30 ). O n t he l atter o ccasions S amuel C hicken a nd

o ther

t obacconists

11

c omplained

t o

t he

C ommon

T he c rest o f t he F eltmakers C ompany

T he H erber T ower, P late

o f N ewcastle

n ear B lackfriars i n N ewcastle

1

12

C ouncil p ersons

t hat i n D ecember 1 682 t he C ouncil h ad ordered t hat a ll s hould b e r estrained f rom s elling t obacco o n t ables o r

s talls n ear K ale C ross . C hicken c omplained t hat d espite t hat r uling s everal " foreigners" h ad r ecently s et u p t ables a nd s talls a t K ale C ross, S andhill, T yne B ridge a nd e lsewhere , w hilst o thers h ad e ven s et u p s hop ( Figure 1 ). A ll o f t his was t o t he d etriment o f t he N ewcastle t obacconists. T he C ommon C ouncil r esponded b y e nacting t hat a ll " foreign" t obacconists s hould c ease t rading i n N ewcastle a fter 1 st F ebruary 1 704 . S uch p rotection may n ot h ave b een a vailable a cross t he r iver , a nd u ntil t he 1 770s t he N ewcastle C ompanies m ay h ave h ad s ufficient i nfluence t o s tifle would-be t obacconists i n G ateshead . A n e arly e xample o f t his m ay h ave o ccurred i n O ctober 1 650 w hen a M r B arrett o f L ondon s old t hree h ogsheads o f t obacco t o a G ateshead man . T his w as t hen s eized b y L eonard H odshon of t he N ewcastle M erchant A dventurers . A t a s ubsequent meeting o f t he Merchant A dventurers C ourt t he t obacco was j udged t o b e " foreign b ought a nd f oreign s old", and i t was o rdered t o b e p laced i n t he c ustody o f t he C ompany's w ardens u ntil s uch t ime a s i t c ould b e s old ( 31). T obacconists were s ubject t o t axes a nd o ther c harges a t v arious t imes . O ne s uch t ax, r aised i n 1 638, was t o f inance i mproved f ortifications f or N ewcastle . I t was d ecreed t hat " all c ommon b rewers a nd a ll o thers w ho b rew s trong a le o r b eer t o s ell s hall p ay s o much o f e very t un a s s hall b e t hought f itting, a nd l ikewise a ll t hose who s ell t obacco." ( 32). F rom D ecember 1 704, b y o rder o f t he C ommon C ouncil, p orters were a llowed t o c harge 2 d p er h undredweight f or c arrying t obacco f rom t he N ew Q uay t o a ny warehouse i n t he l ow p art o f N ewcastle ( 33 ). T he e arliest k nown t obacco merchant was T homas P artis I w ho i s k nown t o h ave h ad a s hop i n 1 648 ( 34). F ollowing h is d eath i n 1 669 h is p ossessions were a ppraised a nd t he i nventory t aken r ecords " Roll, L eafe a nd C utt" t obacco worth £ 500.0s.0d . i n h is c ellar ( 35). T his c an b e c ompared with t he amounts of t obacco r ecorded i n t he i nventories o f William Wilkinson ( 36) a nd E dmund Middleton I ( 37). T he f ormer r ecords a t otal o f t hirty hundredweight p lus s even h ogsheads o f t obacco ( i.e. a t otal amount of a lmost s eventy s even h undredweight) worth £ 131.12s.0d. . T he l atter r ecords f ifty s even h ogsheads o f t obacco ( i.e. a lmost t hree h undred a nd e ighty two h undredweight) worth £513 .0s.0d. , p lus o ther t obacco worth £ 38.9s.3d . ( See A ppendix Two). T he

f irst

p erson

t o

b e

r eferred

t o

a s

a " tobacconist"

was

L ancelot T hwaites o n t he o ccasion o f t he b aptism o f h is d aughter i n 1 677 ( 38). S everal o ther t erms were u sed t o d escribe p ersons i nvolved i n t he t obacco i ndustry. " Tobacco-man" was u sed t o d escribe T homas B rummell i n 1 666 ( 39 ) a nd W illiam W ilkinson i n 1 670 ( 40). " Tobacco-cutter" a nd T obacco-spinner" a lso o ccur i n t he r ecords . T here i s a c ertain amount t erms . F or e xample, G eorge B ilton a nd 1 708(42), b ut a t obacco-cutter w as a t obacco-spinner i n 1 753 b ut a I t

o f i nter-changeability o f t hese was a t obacconist i n 1 704 ( 41) i n 1 705 ( 43), a nd P atrick I rvin t obacconist i n 1 754 ( 44 ).

i s k nown t hat s ome t obacconists were v ery wealthy m en .

13

T he

i nventory o f William W ilkinson r ecords p ersonal p ossessions worth a t otal of

£225.13s.5d—

v alued a t p roperties

E dmund Middleton

£ 1,195.6s.7d— i n N ewcastle .

I h ad a p ersonal e state

I n addition h e owned T hese w ere p robably t hose

two a djoining l ater o wned b y

h is s on E dmund i n t he S ide ( 45). T homas P artis I would a ppear t o h ave b een t he wealthiest o f t he e arly t obacconists. H is i nventory s hows t hat h is p ersonal e state w as

v alued a t

£ 2,270 .12s .7d . .

I n a ddition h e owned

N ewcastle and a nother a t A lnwick ( 46). F rancis

and

N ewcastle.

Matthias, T homas I I

were

b rother

J ohn,

r ecorded

as

t obacconists

1 683 ( 47).

a nd

1 696 t o Manor

i n

H e was followed b y F rancis a nd

a N ewcastle

merchant,

i n

March

1 690

F rancis i s a lso r ecorded a s a n A lderman o f N ewcastle i n t he

i n

T homas,

w as e lected a member o f t he M erchants C ompany

o f A lnwick i n December t heir

l ater

t wo p roperties

T hree of h is s ons,

( 48).

1 691/92 ( 49 )

1 697 ( 50), a nd Master of Trinity H ouse, N ewcastle,

o f T allentire i n C umberland b y marriage

i n

( 53 ).

I t i s possible t hat b y t he e arly 1 680s t he P artis f amily were i nvolved in t he s hipment of t obacco. T he will o f E leanor P artis ( died

1 681),

w idow of

T homas

P artis

s ixteenth share i n two s hips ( 54). M erchant" c aptained b y h er P otomack

R iver

U nfortunately, M erchant"

or

N ewcastle, B y

i n

there

c arrying

the

s on C harles

V irginia i s

no

Eleanor's

l ater

I ,

was

P artis .

a major

d irect

other

s tates

t hat

s he

owned

a

O ne of t hese was t he " Potomack T he

s ource

evidence

ship,

the

a rea

o f

of

a round

t obacco

t he

" Constant

t he

( 55).

" Potomack Friend"

of

t obacco . e ighteenth

c entury

i t

was

not

u ncommon

for

t obacconists t o p ractice o ther t rades s uch a s C heesemonger o r G rocer ( Table 2 ).

This may h ave b een t he r esult o f i ncreased c ompetition

w ithin t he t rade necessitating s ome t obacconists t o b roaden t heir b usiness

interests.

T his

t rend has continued t o t he p resent day

w hen s pecialist tobacconists a re f ew, a nd most s ellers of t obacco d eal

i n a wide r ange o f c ommodities . . T he

approximate

l ocations

of

N ewcastle are k nown b efore c .1800 W ilson I I i n

t he

f orty

( Table

1 ).

two

t obacconists

i n

T hese i nclude J ames

who l ived i n o ne o f t he h ouses s till s urviving i n S andhill

l ate

i nsufficient

e ighteenth

c entury

t o

t he

p inpoint

( 56).

However,

t he

e vidence

i s

e xact b uilding .

E vidence d rawn f rom a n umber o f s ources h as a llowed t he s ite o f j ust o ne house and s hop b elonging t o at obacconist t o b e p recisely l ocated .

T he will and i nventory of T homas P artis I s tate t hat h is

d welling

house

incorporated

a s hop

and

c hamber,

k itchen,

new

p arlour, o ld p arlour, h all, l ofts, c ellars a nd c loset . H e a lso h eld t he l ease o f t he h ouse a djoining t he n orthern s ide o f h is dwelling h ouse . T he dwelling h ouse a nd s hop may b e t he o ne t hat h e h ad i n 1 648 .

C ertainly i t i s k nown t hat h e was l iving i n t he P arish o f S t.

N icholas ( 57). W ard

I n

o f t he C ity

i mmediately

to

1 665 he was r ecorded l iving i n t he S tank T ower

( 58 ).

t he

T hese t wo a reas o verlap a t t he H ead o f S ide,

s outh

of

S t.

N icholas '

C athedral

( Figure

1 ).

A fter h is death in 1 669 t he s hop and c hamber p assed t o h is s on T homas, whilst h is s on F rancis r eceived t he a djoining l easeheld h ouse .

Thomas I I a lso r eceived t he dwelling h ouse a fter t he d eath

14

l ocation a ) , _ . 4 )

b n Z 3 0 . Z C r )

a l

E U ) — • O 4 — )

u ) ( l u ) . H

O W = S — ,

i — f • , 1 C i r i 4 )

f amily c rest

a )

P late 2

11 5

a

o f P artis'

E 0 S . , c 4 i

o f h is mother,

E leanor P artis,

i n

1 681.

T homas P artis I I d ied i n J anuary h ouse s hould

b e s old a nd

d aughters ( 59).

monies

1 689 a nd i nstructed t hat h is

r aised b e d ivided b etween h is e ight

N o r ecord of t he s ale would s eem t o s urvive,

b ut

t he p roperty apparently p assed i nto t he p ossession o f h is y ounger b rother, J oseph. A t

about

8 pm

on

2 1st

O ctober

h ouse o f Mr J oseph P artis, N ewcastle,

1 724 a f ire

merchant,

n ear S t.

b roke o ut " in t he

N icholas C hurch

i n

where by t he e xplosion of a b arrel of gunpowder twelve

p ersons were k illed,

a nd about o ne h undred

o ne

i nto

p erson

was b lown

t he

l eads o f S t .

more or l ess wounded:

N icholas C hurch :

a ll t he

w indows i n t he n eighbourhood w ere b roken, b ut t he b last e xtinguished t he fire." ( 60). The buildings survived the f ire and were p resumably P artis ( 61). o f

r epaired.

e tc.

B ourne

which a re

r efers

t o

" Houses

b elonging

s ituated f rom t he P orch D oor o f S t .

t o

Mr

N icholas ."

T hese would a ppear t o b e t hose i llustrated on H utton 's p lan

N ewcastle

i n

1 770

( Plate

2 ).

F ollowing t he d eath o f J oseph P artis,

t he b uildings p assed i nto

t he j oint ownership o f h is s ons T homas a nd J oseph, m erchants .

T he

will

p roperty a s

" two

of T homas,

Messuages

s ituate i n N ewcastle ." 1 732 . ( 62).

o r

who d ied

T enements

i n

b oth o f whom w ere

1 735,

with

t he

d escribes

t he

A ppurtenances

and r efers t o i ndentures d ated 8 th A ugust

T hese i ndentures were j ointly h eld b y T homas a nd J oseph I I J oseph I I d ied i n 1 734 a nd l eft h is s hare o f t he p roperty t o

h is s isters B arbara a nd Hannah P artis ( 63).

I t would a ppear t hat

t he two women a lso e ventually i nherited T homas 's s hare. i nstructed t hat i f h is w ife I sabella d ied c hildless

H is w ill

( as w ould a ppear

t o have b een t he c ase) h er i nterest i n t he p roperty was t o p ass t o T homas's mother a nd s isters . I n

1 799

t he

p remises

were d escribed a s a s hop a nd warehouse i n

a r ange o f b uildings w hich s tood i n t he m iddle o f t he s treet n ear t o t he s outh d oor o f S t. N icholas C hurch . T hey were owned, o r l eased, b y a J ohn B ulman, o n

t he

s addler a nd i ronmonger .

p remises.

On

s ustained f ire-damage.

t he

2 8th

August

A t

t his t ime n o-one l ived

1 799

t he

b uildings

again

Amongst t he i tems s tored i n t he b uilding

w ere b arrels of gunpowder i n " the u pper warehouse". T hese were r emoved t o S t. N icholas C hurch d uring t he c ourse of t he f ire ( 64). T he s ame r eference s tates t hat t his was t he b uilding i nvolved i n t he 1 724 f ire. I t would s eem t hat t he f ire-damage was n ot s evere, f or o n S eptember 7 th 1 799 B ulman a dvertised i n t he N ewcastle C ourant t hat

h is

s hop

h ad

r e-opened

t o

c ustomers.

T he

b uildings

were

f inally d emolished i n t he e arly n ineteenth c entury, b efore 1 827. T hey a re n ot i llustrated o n t he m ap o f N ewcastle made b y J ohn Wood i n

t hat

y ear

( 65).

T oday

t he

s ite

h ouses l ies i n t he r oadway o f S t. w ith S ide ( Plate 3 ).

of T homas

P artis 's

N icholas S treet

n ear

t he

s hop

and

j unction

A s tudy o f t he P arish R ecords a nd a vailable P robate material h as b een u ndertaken i n o rder t o b usiness

r elationships

b etween

i nvestigate

p ossible f amily a nd

t obacconists a nd

t obacco-pipemakers,

a s well a s t he c omparative s tatus b etween t he t wo g roups.

T here a re

f our p ossible e xamples of ( Gateshead) p ipemakers and ( Newcastle)

16

t wo h ouses t o

4 )

P late 3

117

'0 ( 1 )

4 -) 0 . H

3 s a .

t obacconists b eing r elated. r epresent

e ntrepreneurial

I t i s p ossible t hat s ome of t hese may f amilies

a ttempting

t o

widen

t heir

c ommercial horizons a nd i nfluence. T he b est e xample might b e t hat o f t he wealthy t obacco-merchant E dmund M iddleton p utting a member o f h is f amily i nto t he p ipemaking t rade ( Table 3 ). T he p roblem with t his i nterpretation i s t hat none of t he p ipemakers i nvolved a re k nown t o h ave s tamped t heir p ipes . t herefore u ncertain ( 66). P ossible

b usiness

T heir s tatus within t he t rade i s

a ssociations

p robably

i nclude

t hat

o f J ames

M orris, p ipemaker, r ecorded a t t he H erber Tower i n N ewcastle ( the t obacconists ' Meeting House) i n 1 714 ( 67). When, i n 1 660, T homas P artis I was granted h is F reedom h e u ndertook n ot t o t rade i n a ny c ommodity o ther o f

t han t obacco a nd p ipes

( 68 ).

H owever,

h is i nventory

1 669 l ists only t obacco a nd makes no mention of p ipes.

I t i s

u ncertain whether or not t he t erms of h is F reedom a llowed h im t o m ake p ipes a s well a s s ell t hem. c ertainly

d ealt

i n

p ipes.

H is

g ross o f p ipes i n h is s hop .

H is c olleague William Wilkinson inventory

of

1 670

l ists

s uggesting t hat W ilkinson p urchased t hem f rom e lsewhere . a N ewcastle p ipemaker . p ipemaker T homas

i n

P arke

1 649, I ,

a Journeyman

R alph Madely o f N ewcastle

and

a t obacco-cutter

p ipemaker o f G ateshead, F eltmaker

t hirteen

N o m ention i s made o f p ipemaking t ools,

i n

i n

i s

1 651

P resumably

r ecorded and

a s

1 653

s erved a n a pprenticeship

N ewcastle

( 70).

B ecause

s uggest

t his

t hat P arke was o riginally a t obacconist.

T he q uestion of t he p ipemakers

a s

N ewcastle

t obacconists were often members of t he F eltmakers ' Company, w ould

a

( 69).

c omparative

i s a p roblematical o ne

i n

wealth of t obacconists a nd

t hat

i t

r elies o n t he s urvival

o f p robate d ocuments, i f t hey e ver e xisted a t a ll. I t would s eem t hat r elatives of deceased t obacconists a nd p ipemakers f requently s ettled t he e states of t heir l ate r elatives i n an i nformal manner n ot r equiring any formal documentation.

I n a ddition,

t here were

p robably d ifferences i n f inancial s tatus b etween members w ithin e ach t rade . T he o nly p ipemakers f or whom s uch material s urvives a re J ohn B owman ( died 1 689)

( 71) and L eonard H olmes ( died

1 707)

( 72).

T heir

e states were v alued a t £ 12.6s.0d. and £ 13.0s.8d. respectively. I n a ddition, B owman owned a h ouse i n H illgate, Gateshead ( 73). T hese m ust

be

compared

with

t he

v aluations of t he

e states of William

W ilkinson ( £225.13s.1d), E dmund Middleton I ( £1,195.6s.7d), a nd T homas P artis I ( £2,270.12s.7d) A lthough t he evidence i s l imited, i t

would

p ipemakers, w ere

seem

( certainly

c enturies)

reasonable

to

s uggest

that

tobacconists

a lthough d ealing i n v ery c losely c onnected in

t he

l ate

i n v ery d ifferent

s eventeenth

f inancial

18

and

and

c ommodities,

early

s trata o f s ociety .

e ighteenth

T able

1 .

P arish L ist o f N ewcastle T obacconists. A ll S aints P arish R obert A insley S amual A ustin G eorge B ilton J ohn B lenkinsop

c 1 790 c 1 781 C 1 704-1708

( Dean S treet) J ohn B orgoigne

c 1 801

( Pilgrim S treet) T homas B rummell W illiam C arr I R obert C rosby J ohn C uthbertson

c 1 776 c 1 666 c 1 728 c 1 748

( Pandon) c G eorge F ife c J ohn G eddie c M atthew H all ( Pandon T ower Ward )c M atthew H arrison ( Side) c J ames H orn c P atrick I rvin c E dward J ames ( Quayside) J ohn J ames ( Side) ( Sandhill) J ohn J ohnson W illiam L owerston R alph M adely R obert M ilne J ohn M cClean J ohn R amsay G eorge R attray J ohn R obertson J ames R obinson W illiam R obinson B artholomew R obson J ames R obson ( New P andon S t) S tephen S pencer T homas T odd

1 798 1 776 1 792-1798

A gnes T urnbull ( Quayside) J ames T urnbull ( Quayside) M atthew T urnbull ( Quayside) R obert T urnbull ( Quayside) J ohn W atson T homas Waugh J ames W ilson I J ohn W ilson ( Low B ridge ) S t.

c 1 801 c 1 782 c 1 787 c c c c

1 790 1 764 1 789-1806 1 783

c 1788 d ied

A ndrew 's P arish

1 665 J ames H arvey

c 1 829 d ied

1 787-1801 1 768-1773

S t.

J ohn's P arish

1 753-1754 J ohn B lenkinsop

c 1 801 1 778 1 782-1780 1 756 1 767 1 649-1653 1 763 1 794-1799 1 766 1 757-1768 1 786 1 731 1 738 d ied 1 785

( Middle S treet) J ohn C oulter

c 1 800

( Head o f S ide) c J ohn C rowe ( WestgateTownship )c M argaret C rowe ( Westgate T ownship)c R obert F airney ( King S treet) c J ohn O gle ( Head o f S ide) c

1 801 1 685 1 790s-1820s

19

1 725 1 800

d ied

1 800 d ied 1 787 1 705-1716

T able S t.

1c ontd.

N icholas P arish

M ary B ell

W illiam S mith

( Side) W illiam B ell I ( Side) J ohn B orgoigne

1 790

( Side)

c 1 778-1782

J ohn S torey c 1 778

L ancelot

T hwaites

N athaniel W hitley I

c 1 713-1745 d ied c 1 677-1699 c 1 722

( Close) G eorge B rummell

c 1 782

N athaniel W hitley I I c 1 725

c 1 708-1714

W illiam W ilkinson

T homas C annon

c 1 802

J ames W ilson I I

W illiamCarr

J oseph C hicken

c 1 749 c 1 686 d ied

( Sandhill) J ohn W ilson

S amuel C hicken

c 1 678-1706

W alter C rulfort

( died) c 1 699 d ied

I I

( Sandhill) W illiam W ouldhave

A lice D avidson ( Side) G eorge D avidson

c 1 778 c 1 755-1776 d ied

J ohn D avidson ( Head o f S ide) L ancelot F uringh

c 1 782-1801 c 1 667

T homas G ray ( Castle G arth) C atherine H arvey

801 c 1

( Head o f S ide)

778 c 1

J ohn L ovett ( Side) c 1 704 d ied E dmund M iddleton I 665-1673 d ied ( Side) c 1 E dmund M iddleton I I ( Side) c 1 673-1703 d ied F rancis P artis ( Head o f S ide) ( Close)

669 c 1 c 1 699

M atthias P artis I c 1 686 T homas P artis I ( Head o f S ide) T homas P artis I I

c 1 648-1669 d ied

( Head o f S ide)

c 1 669-1689 d ied

M atthew P ool

c 1 743-1758

J ohn R eed

c 1 701

A ndrew R obertson

c 1 730 d ied

J ohn S andford

c 1 683-1687

d ied

1 20

c 1 660-1670 d ied c 1783-1803 c 1 778-1788 d ied c 1 692

T able 2 S treet I ndex f or G ateshead T obacconists H illgate

G avin L andells

c 1 805

P ipewellgate

J ames R obson

c 1 790

T ollbooth

J ohn A rmstrong

c 1 790 1795

T able 3 T obacconists e ngaged i n o ther t rades M ary B ell

S nuff M anufacturer

c 1 790

J ohn B lenkinsop

C heesemonger

c 1 801

J ohn D avidson

S nuff M anufacturer a nd G rocer

c 1 782 - 1 801

M atthew H arrison

S nuff M anufacturer a nd T ea D ealer

J ohn J ames

C heesemonger a nd T ea D ealer

c 1 782 - 1 790

R obert T urnbull

T ea D ealer

c 1 790

J amesWilsonII

S nuff Manufacturer a nd

T ea D ealer

c 1 787-

c 1783

1 801

- 1 803d

T able 4 P ipemakers a nd T obacconists:

P ossible F amily C onnections

P ipemakers W illiam H all

c 1 703 - 1 711d

:M atthew H all

c 1 665 - 1 680

T homas M iddleton

c 1 671

:E dmund M iddleton

c 1 637 - 1 673d

W illiam W ilkinson c 1 697 - 1 718

:W illiam W ilkinson

c 1 650 - 1 670d

W illiam W ilson

: J ohn a nd J ames W ilson c 1 750 - 1 788d

- 1 705d

c 1 794 - 1 822

1 21

A PPENDIX O NE D IRECTORY O F T OBACCONISTS N EWCASTLE 1 .

A insley.

R obert.

2 4th 2 .

A ustin.

O ctober

1 790.SonGeorge

C raerstonbapt.

A .S .P .R.

S amuel.

1 8th S eptember

1 781.

T obacconist.

S on J oseph

b uried. 3 .

B ell. M ary,

M rs.

1 6th N ovember 1 790. 4 .

A .S.P.R.

1 766. M arried W illiam B ell.

T obacco a nd S nuff m anufacturer i n S ide

S .N.P.R. W .D.d.,

1 2.

B ell. W illiam I . 1 6th N ovember 2 8th M ay

1 766. M arried M ary V int

1 772.

T obacconist.

S .N.P.R.

S on T homas b orn

S .N.P.R.

1 773 - 1 774. T enant o f p roperty o wned b y G eorge P arker i n t he S andhill q uarter. L and T ax. T .W. A rch.

2 3/652.

1 775 - 1 778. T enant o f p roperty b elonging t o W illiam P eareth i n t he S andhill q uarter. L and T ax T .W. A rch.

2 3/645-7.

1 778.

W .D.a,33.

T obacconist i n S ide. M ary a nd W illiam B ell w ere h usband a nd w ife. T he f act t hat M ary i s r ecorded i n 1 790 s uggests t hat W illiam w as d ead b y t hat t ime. T heir r elationship w ith W illiam B ell I I i s u ncertain.

5 .

B ell. W illiam I I. 2 0th D ecember

1 768.

T obacconist.

D aughter H annah I .S.J.C.

b orn. W ife D orothy. 1 3th J une

1 970.

T obacconist.

S on J ohn b orn. W ife I .S.J.C.

H annah. 2 5th M ay

1 772.

T obacconist.

S on T homas b orn. I .S.J.C.

W ife D eborah. 1 4th F ebruary

1 777.

T obacconist.

b orn. W ife D eborah.

1 22

D aughter M argaret I .S.J.C.

H is r elationship w ith W illiam B ell I a nd M ary B ell 6 .

B ilton.

i s u ncertain.

G eorge.

6 th F ebruary

1 704.

T obacconist.

D aughter J oannah

b uried . 1 7th O ctober

S .N.P.R. 1 705.

T obacco-cutter.

S on R obert

b uried. 1 8th M ay 7 ,

B lenkinsop.

A .S.P.R.

1 708.

T obacconist.

D aughter R uth b uried

J ohn.

c 1 800.

H ouse a nd s hop i n M iddle S treet. T .W.

1 801.

A .S.P.R.

A rch 4 40/13.,1.

T obacconist a nd C heesemonger i n D ean S treet. M .D.a.,8

8 .

B orgoine.

J ohn.

2 5th F ebruary

1 776.

T obacconist

D aughter E lizabeth b apt. 1 7th J anuary

1 780.

T obacconist

D aughter H enrietta b apt. 2 3rd M ay

1 782.

B rumell.

P .H.S.C.

i n t he C lose.

W ife E lizabeth.

P .H.S.C.

T obacconist i n t he C lose.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

9 .

i n P ilgrim S treet.

W ife E lizabeth.

W ife E lizabeth.

P .H.S.C.

G eorge.

6 th J une

1 708.

T obacconist.

S on G eorge b apt.

W ife I sabell.

1 0.

S .N.P.R.

2 1st M ay

1 711.

S on T homas b apt.

S .N.P.R.

1 4th M ay

1 714.

D aughter E lizabeth b apt.

S .N.P.R.

B rumell.

T homas.

1 2th J anuary

1 666.

S kinner a nd G lover o f N ewcastle

B ound t o E lizabeth B eadnell. 1 7th J anuary

1 666.

T obacco-man.

D .M.B.,39. M arried

E lizabeth B ednall.

A .S.P.R.

T homas a nd G eorge B rumell a re p robably r elated, 1.

B urt.

p ossibly f ather a nd s on.

P eter. 1 8th O ctober

1 761.

T obacconist.

1 23

D aughter I sabella

b orn.

W ife I sabella.

I .S.J.C.

2 3rd M ay

1 763.

S on P eter b orn.

1 6th M ay

1 765.

T obacconist.

W ife I sabella.

I .S.J.C.

D aughter D orothy b orn

W ife I sabell. 1 6th N ovember

I .S.J.C.

1 766.

T obacconist.

S on R obert b orn.

W ife I sabell. 2 nd M arch

1 767.

1 4th M arch

I .S.J.C.

S on T homas b orn.

1 772.

D aughter A nn b orn.

1 6th F ebruary 1 774. W ife I sabell. 1 2.

C annon.

W ife I sabell.

G rocer.

I .S.J.C.

W ife I sabell.

I .S.J.C.

D aughter M ary b orn. I .S.J.C.

T homas.

1 0th M ay

1 802.

P arish.

T obacconist i n S t.

N icholas'

D aughter F rances b orn.

W ife E lizabeth. I .S.J.C.

1 3.

C arr. W illiam I . J anuary 1 736.

1 728.

T obacco-cutter.

S on P rior b apt

A .S.P.R.

M ember o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers. 1 4.

F .C.A.,151/3

C arr. W illiam I I. 1 7th J anuary

1 737.

A dmitted a F ree B rother o f t he

C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd

A rmourers. 2 9th J anuary

1 749.

F .C.A.,151/10 T obacco-spinner.

S on J ohn b apt.

W ife J ulia. 1 753 - 1 754.

S .N.P.R.

T enant o f p roperty o wned b y M rs

J ane T odd i n t he S andhill Q uarter.

L and T ax. T .W.

1 756 - 1 764.

A rch.23/635-6

T enant o f p roperty o wned b y M rs

E lizabeth T odd i n t he S andhill Q uarter. L and T ax. 1 764 1775.

T .W.

A rch.23/638-46

T enant o f p roperty o wned b y T homas

N ewton i n t he S andhill Q uarther.

L and T ax.

T .W. A rch.23/647-54 W illiam C arr I a nd I I a re p robably f ather a nd s on. 1 5.

C hicken.

J oseph.

2 nd N ovember

1 686.

T obacconist.

1 24

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

2 9th D ecember 1 6.

C hicken.

1 686.

L airstone c ost

6 /8 d .

S .N.C.W.A.B.

S amuel.

1 2th J anuary

1 663.

B ound h imself a pprentice t o

E dmund M iddleton f or e ight y ears. 1 7th J une 1 667. F eltmakers,

F .C.A.,

M ember o f t he C ompany o f C urriers a nd A rmourers.

1 51/2,

F .C.A.,

10

1 51/3

1 8th F ebruary 1 672. F eltmaker. O ne o f f our a ppraisers o f E dmund M iddleton's e state. 1 672.

D .P.U.D., T 264 1 672 O liver, 1 923, 8 8

F eltmaker.

6 th N ovember 1 673. M ade f ree o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers a fter p aying 4 1/-. F .C.A.,

1 51/3

5 th O ctober 1 674. F ined 2 /9d " for n ot a ppearing a t t he m eeting h ouse s everal t imes l ast y ear. F .C.A.,

1 51/3

1 3th J une

1 678.

S chontee, 1 6th A pril

T obacconist. M arried C ornelia

w ith a l icence.

1 683.

S .N.P.R.

L eased o r g ranted e ight k eelrooms

a t O useburne.

C .C.C.B.N.

5 89/6,

f .163

6 th O ctober 1 684. E lected t o b e o ne o f t hree S tewards o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A.,

1 51/3

6 th A pril 1 686. F eltmaker. S ons, R obert, E benezer a nd S amuel e ntered i nto t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers.

1 st A ugust 1 689. F eltmaker. a pprentice t o h im. 6 th O ctober

1 690.

1 51/2,

16

J ohn O gle b ound F .C.A.,

1 51/2,

18

E lected S teward o f t he C ompany

o f F eltmakers, e nsuing y ear. 5 th O ctober 1 691. o f S tewards.

F .C.A.,

C urriers a nd A rmourers f or t he F .C.A.,

1 51/3

" Election M an" f or t he e lection F .C.A.,

1 51/3

2 9th J une 1 694. F eltmaker. S ons W illiam a nd J oseph e ntered i nto t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers 2 7th F ebruary

andArmourers. 1 696.

F eltmaker.

J ohn R obson, T aylor, h im f or e ight y ears.

F .C.A ., J ohn R obson,

1 20

s on o f

b ound a pprentice t o F .C.A.,

1 25

1 51/2.

1 51/2.

1 21

1 2th O ctober 1 697. F eltmaker. H is a pprentice, J ohn O gle, p aid 2 0/- f or h is f reedom. C h. A . 4 th O ctober

5 4 3 /7 2

1 703. O wed t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers 5 /6d i n f ines.

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

1 6th D ecember 1 703. T obacco-seller. W ith o thers h e c omplained a bout " foreigners" s elling t obacco i n N ewcastle. 2 nd O ctober

C .C.C.B.N.,

5 89/12,

f .83

1 704. Owed t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers 5 /6d i n f ines. 1 4th J anuary

1 706.

F eltmaker.

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

S ons E benezer a nd

S amuel e nrolled i n t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. O liver, 1 923, 2 0th A ugust

1 706.

T obacconist.

1 71

S on B enezer b uried S .N.P.R.

1th O ctober

1 706.

T obacconist.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

1 707. A dministration o f h is E state. A dministratorD aniel O ley, M erchant o f L ondon; W itnesses J ohn J oplin, T obacconist, a nd T homas H igham, M erchant, b oth o f L ondon. D .P.U.D., A 65 2 8th A pril

1 712.

F eltmaker.

S on W illiam s worn i nto

t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, A rmourers. 1 7.

C oulter.

1 707

C urriers a nd O liver,

1 926,

1

J ohn.

1 st M ay

1 703.

S on o f J ohn C oulter o f L esbury,

N orthumberland. B ound a pprentice t o J ohn O gle, F eltmaker, f or s even y ears. F .C.A., 1 51/2,

1 26

3 0th O ctober 1 710. A pprentice t o J ohn O gle, F eltmaker, s worn a m ember o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers O liver, 1 926, 1 4th A pril

1 711.

F eltmakers,

1

A dmitted t o t he C ompany o f C urriers a nd A rmourers.

F .C.A.,

1 51/10

3 rd A pril 1 711. P aid t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers £ 2.1s.2d f or h is f reedom. F .C.A.,151/3 3 0th J une

1 713.

S teward o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers.

F .C.A.,

1 51/10

1 5th O ctober 1 713. S teward o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A.,

1 51/10

2 nd M ay

1 720.

F eltmaker.

E dward L oadsman o f

1 26

S outh S hield b ound a pprentice t o h im f or s even y ears. 1 722.

H atter.

1 st J uly

1 51/2,

V oter N o.752 i n N ewcastle.

1 723.

1 34

N .P.B.

E lected S teward o f t he C ompany o f

F eltmakers, 1 724.

F .C.A.,

C urriers a nd A rmourers.

C hurchwarden a t S t.

F .C.A.,

J ohn's C hurch,

1 51/3

N ewcastle.

I nscription i n t he c hancel o f t he C hurch. 2 8th O ctober

1 725.

T obacconist a t H ead o f S ide.

S on S hafto b apt. 2 7th M arch

1 726.

S .J.P.R.

F eltmaker.

R ichard C arr b ound

a pprentice t o h im f or s even y ears 2 9th J une

1 726.

F eltmakers, 1 3th O ctober

F .C.A.,

1 51/2,

1 37

E lected S teward o f t he C ompany o f C urriers a nd A rmourers.

1 730.

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

H is a pprentice J ohn A rmstrong

a dmitted a nd s worn a F ree B rother o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers,

p aying £ 2.1s.2d. 1 5th F ebruary

1 731.

a fter

t o t he C ompany.

F .C.A.,

W illiam C oulter,

1 51/3

s on o f W illiam

C oulter o f L esbury, a nd T homas B rown o f B olton, b ound a pprentices t o h im f or s even y ears. F .C.A., 1 1th J uly

1 734.

F eltmaker.

1 51/2,

1 40

H is s ons J ohn a nd S hafto

e ntered i nto t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. M ay

1 741.

F .C.A.,

V oted f or W illiam B eckett a nd M atthew

R idley i n t he P arliamentary e lection. 6 th A pril

1 51/3

1 743.

D ied a ged 5 8.

N .P.B.,

3 9

W ife M ary.

T ombstone. R ichardson. 1 4th J anuary

1 744.

M .A.,

F eltmaker d eceased.

1 820 V ol.

I I,

6 2.

H ad l eft

t wenty p ounds t o t he p oor o f t he P arish o f S t.

N icholas.

3 rd M arch

1 798.

C .C.C.B.N,

T obacconist d eceased.

J ane,

1 800.

T obacconist d eceased.

o f Westgate S treet,

1 27

f .36

S on R obert,

a C orn M erchant o f W estgate S treet, a ged 6 2. 1 0th M arch

5 89/14,

d ied S .N.P.R. D aughter

d ied a gend 8 1.

S .N.P.R.

1 8.

C rosby.

R obert.

1 3th M ay

1 748.

T obaccon-spinner.

W ife J ane b uried. A .S.P.R.

1 9.

C rowe.

J ohn. 2 2nd M arch 1 750. S on o f J ohn C rowe, l ate o f N ewcastle, b ound a pprentice t o L ance S towe, F eltmaker,for s even years. 2 nd A pril

1 759.

F eltmaker.

F .C.A.,

R obert C rosby,

o f T homas C rosby o f S walwell,

C o.

2 9th J une

1 759.

F eltmaker,

1 64

C urriers a nd

h aving p aid £ 2.1s.2d.

t o t he

A lso e lected a S teward o f t he F .C.A.,

1 760.

1 51/3

E lected a S teward o f t he C ompany

o f F eltmakers, 2 8th J anuary

1 51/2,

A pprentice t o L ancelot S towe,

o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

3 0th J une

b ound

F .C.A.,

a dmitted a nd s worn a F ree B rother

A rmourers, C ompany. C ompany

1 63

s on

D urham,

a pprentice t o h im f or s even y ears.

1 51/2,

C urriers a nd A rmourers.

1 761.

F .C.A.,

H aving " declined b usiness",

1 51/3

h e

a llowed R obert C rosby t o l eave h is a pprentices hip a nd s eek a n ew M aster.

N one w ere

f orthcoming. 2 7th J une

1 800.

F .C.A.,

1 51/2,

T obacconist o f W estgate T ownship.

B uried a ged 5 7. 2 0.

C rowe.

1 65

S .J.P.R.

M argaret. 3 0th J une

1 800.

T obacconist o f W estgate T ownship.

D ied a ged 5 5 y ears.

S .J.P.R.

J ohn a nd M argaret C rowe w ere p robably h usband a nd w ife. 2 1.

C rulfort. Walter. 6 th A pril

2 2.

C uthbertson.

1 699.

T obacco-cutter.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

J ohn.

1 4th A pril

1 798.

T obacconist a t P andon.

W idower.

D iedaged65. 2 3.

D avidson.

A lice,

M rs.

1th D ecember 1 778.

A .S.P.R.

1 755.

T obacconist

M arried G eorge D avidson

i n S ide.

1 28

S .N.P.R. W .D.a.,

2 4

1 4th F ebruary 2 4.

1 808.

D ied a ged 7 4.

T ombstone.

D avidson. G eorge. 1th D ecember

2 5.

T obacconist.

1 755. M arried A lice C unningham.

S .N.P.R.

2 6th S eptember

1 776.

T obacconist.

D ied a ged 6 2.

2 9th S eptember

1 776.

T obacconist.

B uried.

D avidson.

S .N.P.R.

J ohn.

1 782 1784. 1 787. c .

T ombstone.

T obacconist i n S ide

T obacconist i n S ide.

1 787.

W .D.b.,

3 2

W .D.c.,

6 4

S on G eorge b orn.

T ombstone.

1 790. T obacconist a nd S nuff M anufacturer i n S ide.

W .D.d.,

c .

T ombstone.

1 790.

D aughter M argaret b orn.

1 8

4 th M arch 1 795. T obacconist. D aughter A nna F rances b uried. ( Died i n i nfancy - t ombstone). S .N.P.R. c .

1 796.

S on F rancis b orn.

c .

1 799. D aughter A nn b orn.

c .

1 800.

H ouse,

c .

T ombstone.

s hop a nd M anufactory a t H ead o f

S ide. 1 801.

T ombstone.

T .W.

A rch.

T obacconist a nd G rocer i n S ide

4 40/13.,

2 .

M .D.a.,

1 4

f irst d ecade n ineteenth c entury. T obacconist i n H ead o f S ide. S pecial C onstabulary. S .A.N.T.

D ecember 1 833.

1 832.

T obacconist i n H ead o f S ide.

N .P.B.,

( 1) 3 0

T obacco a nd S nuff M anufacturer a nd D ealer

a t 6 2,

2 1st A pril 5 2.

S ide.

H ome - R idley P lace.

I .D.,

3 0,

1 62

1 842. D aughter M argaret d ied a ged T ombstone.

5 th N ovember

1 842.

D ied a ged 8 6.

T ombstone.

9 th N ovember

1 846.

S on G eorge d ied a ged 5 9.

T ombstone.

6 th M ay 1 855. W idow M argaret d ied a ged 9 0.

T ombstone.

2 5th M ay

T ombstone.

1 856.

S on F rancis d ied a ged 6 0.

1 29

1 6th M arch

1 869.

D aughter A nn d ied a ged 7 0.

T ombstone.

J ohn D avidson's h ouse w as c entrally s ituated i n t he H ead o f S ide. I t w as l ater o ccupied b y W .O. D ickinson, t obacconist, b efore b eing d emolished i n 1 856. A t t hat t ime i t w as b elieved t o b e 1 4th c entury i n d ate a nd p ossibly o nce b elonged t o t he L ords L umley ( Knowle a nd B oyle 1 890, 2 ). T he D avidson f amily t ombstone s urvives i n t he n orth a isle o f S t. N icholas C athedral. 2 6.

D onaldson.

A ndrew .

2 0th O ctober

1 763.

T obacconist. D aughter S usanna

b apt. 2 7th A pril 2 3rd J une 2 7.

F airney.

1 766. 1 767.

T obacconist. T obacconist.

S on D avid b apt.

P .H.S.C.

D aughter M ary b apt.

P .H.S.C.

R obert.

1 787. 2 8.

P .H.S.C.

T obacconist i n K ing S treet.

W .D.c.,64

F ife. G eorge. 9 th N ovember

1 745.

T obacconist.

S on J ames b uried

1 4th O ctober b uried.

1 746.

T obacconist. W ife S arah

A .S.P.R.

A .S.P.R.

2 1st M ay 1 770. S on G eorge a pprenticed t o W illiam S hotton, j oiner a nd c abinet m aker. T .W. A rch.298/24/19. 2 9,

F razer. G eorge. 2 2nd A pril 1 776. T obacconist. M arried E lizabeth N icholson, w idow.

3 0.

G ray.

A .S.P.R.

T homas. 1 2th J uly

1 800.

T obacconist i n C astle G arth.

D aughter C atherine H arvey b orn. W ife A nn. 3 1. G eddie.

A .C.C.

J ohn.

2 8th O ctober 1 792. T obacconist i n A ll S aints P arish, S on J ohn b orn. W ife A nn. A .C.C. 2 2nd F ebruary 1 795. T obacconist i n A ll S aints P arish. D aughter E lizabeth b orn. W ife A nn.

1 6th A pril

1 798.

T obacconist i n A ll S aints P arish.

1 30

A .C.C.

D aughter B arbara b orn. 3 2.

W ife A nn.

A .C.C.

H all. M atthew. 1 665.

L iving i n P andon T ower W ard.

N o h earths. ( Welford,

1 8th J uly

1 680.

T obacconist.

1 911.,

S on M atthew b apt.

W ife E lizabeth. 1 6th N ovember M ills,

1 680.

S .N.P.R. T obacconist.

M arried M argery

w idow.

S .N.P.R.

M ay b e r elated t o W illiam H all, G ateshead. 3 3.

H amilton.

D aughter M ary b orn. I .S.J.C.

H arrison. M atthew & C o. 1 787.

3 5.

W .D.c.,

7 0

1 790. T obacco a nd S nuff M anufacturer a nd T ea D ealer.

W .D.d.,

2 4

1 801.

M .D.a.,

2 0

H arrison.

T obacconist a nd T ea D ealer i n S ide

T obacconist a nd T ea D ealer.

T homas.

5 th A ugust 2 nd M ay

1 832.

1 833.

2 5th O ctober

D aughter M ary d ied a ged 6 .

S on T homas d ied a ged 1 836.

T obacconist.

H arvey.

1 8 m onths.

D ied a ged 6 4.

A ll r eferences Tombstone.

3 6.

p ipemaker o f

J ames.

3 rd M arch 1 780. T obacconist. W ife E lizabeth. 3 4.

7 3).

T ombstone. T ombstone. T ombstone.

M .I.S.A.C.

N o.

1 39

C atherine, M rs.

1 778.

T obacconist i n S ide.

W .D.a.,

2 4

1 787.

T obacconist a t H ead o f S ide.

W .D.c.,

7 0

1 790.

T obacconist a nd T ea D ealer i n S ide.

W .D.d.,

2 5

1 800. T obacconist a t H ead o f S ide. E mployee A mes B owhill d ied i n t he i nfirmary, a ged 5 6. O liver, 1 930, 1 4th M arch

1 800.

T obacconist.

o f J ohn H arvey.

D ied a ged 6 4.Wife O liver,

1 31

2 88.

1 930,

2 79.

3 7. H arvey.

J ames.

1 7th M ay

3 8.

H arvey.

1 829.

T obacconist. D ied a ged 5 4. T ombstone i n S t. A ndrew's C hurchyard

J ohn.

2 7th D ecember

1 770.

T obacconist.

D ied a ged 3 4. O liver,

1 930,

1 90

2 0th M ay 1 729. T obacconist. S on T homas a pprenticed t o R obert W allis, S hipwright. R owe, 1 966,

2 55

T he H arvey f irm o f t obacconists c ontinued t o f lourish t hroughout t he n ineteenth c entury. 3 9.

4 0.

H indson.

H orn.

J ohn.

A ndrew. 2 2nd O ctober

4 1.

H orn.

1 761.

T obacconist.

S on R obert b apt.

P .H.S.C.

J ames. 1 3th F ebruary H ugen. 2 8th A pril 1th J uly

1 768.

T obacco-spinner. M arried J ane A .S.P.R.

1 771. 1 771.

T obacconist. T obacconist.

S on J ames b apt.

A .S.P.R.

S on W illiam b apt.

A .S.P.R.

T he H orns w ere p robably b rothers. 4 2.

4 3.

I rvin.

J ames.

P atrick. 1th S eptember 1 753. T obacco-spinner. M arried E lizabeth S addler, w idow.

A .S.P.R.

1 st D ecember

A .S.P.R.

J ames.

T obacconist.

S on P atrick b apt.

E dward. 1 801.

4 4.

1 754.

T obacconist i n Q uayside.

M .D.a.,

2 3

T obacconist i n S ide.

W .D.a.,

2 4

J ohn. 1 778.

9 th N ovember 1 779. T obacconist a nd C heesemonger. S on J ohn A nderson b uried. 2 5th N ovember

1 779.

T obacconist a nd C heesemonger.

D aughter A nn b uried. 2 3rd M ay

1 780.

A .S.P.R.

A .S.P.R.

T obacconist. W ife E lizabeth b uried. A .S.P.R.

1 32

1 782. T obacconist a nd C heesemonger o n e ast s ide S andhill. W .D.b.,

2 5

1 787.

T obacconist o n e ast s ide o f S andhill.

W .D.c.,

7 2

1 790.

T obacconist a nd T ea D ealer o n e ast s ide W .D.d.,

2 7

o f S andhill. 3 0th M ay 1 799. T obacconist. D aughter E lizabeth b uried, a ged 2 3.

A .S.P.R.

T he r elationship b etween E dward a nd J ohn J ames i s u ncertain, p erhaps b rothers. 4 5.

J ohnson.

C uthbert.

5 th J uly 1 799. T obacconist. D aughter A nn b orn. W ife A nn, d aughter o f W illiam S mith, p itman o f W hitehaven.

A .S.P.R.

2 1st J uly

A .S.P.R.

1 819.

J ohnston.

T obacconist.

C hurchwarden o f S t.

D ecember 4 6.

1 799.

D aughter A nn b apt.

N icholas C athedral.

1 832.

T obacconist i n U nion S treet.

1 956.

T obacconist. D aughter A nn b apt.

M .S.N.C. N .P.B.,

3 8

J ohn.

1 st J uly

A .S.P.R.

J ohn a nd C uthbert J ohnson a re p robably r elated, p erhaps f ather a nd s on. 4 7.

L ovett.

J ohn.

1 7th J une

1 691.

T obacconist.

S on b apt. W ife M ary. S .N.P.R.

2 5th J anuary 1 704. M ary b apt. 4 8.

T obacconist i n S ide.

D aughter S .N.P.R.

L owerston. W illiam. 2 6th A pril

1 767.

T obacco-spinner.

D aughter J ane

b apt. 4 9. M adeley.

A .S.P.R.

R alph.

1 9th J uly 2 9th M ay

1 649. 1 651.

P ipemaker.

S on J ohn b apt.

T obacco-cutter.

A .S.P.R.

D aughter A nn b apt. . A.S.P.R.

7 th N ovember b orn.

1 653.

T obacco-cutter.

S on F rancis A .S.P.R.

1 33

2 2nd J une

1 654.

2 5th M arch 5 0. M iddleton.

S on F rancis b uried.

A .S.P.R.

S on R oger b uried.

A .S.P.R.

1 657.

E dmund I .

1 637. A dmitted t o C ompany o f F eltmakers, a nd A rmourers.

C urriers G .A.B.,

5 96/24

3 rd O ctober 1 642. H is a pprentice R ichard S utton w as t ransferred t o J ohn D obson f or t he r est o f h is t ime.

F .C.A.,

1 51/2,

1 03

2 5th A pril 1 648. H is a pprentice H enry S idgewicke w as r ecorded a s d eceased. F .C.A., 1 51/2,

1 05

3 rd O ctober 1 653. T ogether w ith o thers h e a greed t o p ay 1 2d p er Q uarter f or t he r epairing o f a M eeting H ouse. 6 th J anuary

1 658.

F .C.A.,

1 51/3,

P etitioned f or f reedom w ithin t he

M erchant A dventurers o f N ewcastle o n p ayment o f s ome r easonable f ine. F or r easons u ndisclosed t he p etition w as r efused. D endy, 1 894, 1 660.

1

1 90

F ined 3 /9d f or a bsence f rom C ompany M eetings. F .C.A.,

1 2th J anuary

1 663.

F eltmaker.

1 51/2,

2 07

1 51/2,

10

S amuel C hicking

b ound h imself t o M iddleton f or e ight y ears. F .C.A., 1 665. L iving i n P ink T ower W ard. ( see F ig . 1 ) 1 0th N ovember

1 668.

N ine h earths. W elford,

T obacco M erchant.

6 2

D aughter

I sabel b apt. 3 rd J uly 1 671. W ife J ane.

1 911,

S .N.P.R.

T obacco M erchant.

S on E dmund b apt. S .N.P.R.

2 nd O ctober 1 671. C ompany.

F eltmaker. O wed

1 /- t o t he F .C.A.,

1 51/2.

12

7 th F ebruary 1 673. M erchant. H is w ill n ames h is w ife J ane a nd h is s on E dmund. H e h ad t wo a djoining p roperties, w hich a re p robably t hose r eferred t o i n t he

1 703 w ill o f h is s on E dmund. D .P.U.D.,

T 264

1 672

1 8th F ebruary 1 673. H is e state w as a ppraised b y R . E llison a nd H enry B land, M erchants, t ogether w ith R ichard W illiam a nd S amuel C hicken, F eltmakers. W illiam o ccupied M iddleton's p roperty a djoining

1 34

h is d welling h ouse. ( see A ppendix T wo) 5 1.

M iddleton.

D .P.U.D.,

T 264

1 672

E dmund I I.

3 rd J uly

1 671.

B orn t he s on o f E dmund M iddleton,

T obacco M erchant,

a nd h is w ife J ane.

S .N.P.R.

2 7th J uly 1 687. S on o f E dmond M iddleton, g ent. d eceased o f N ewcastle. A pprenticed t o S amuel E llison, M ercer. D endy, 1 894, 1 st M arch 1 688. E nrolled a s a pprentice, T homas E merson. 2 5th A ugust 1 697. C ompany.

8 th O ctober

M ercer.

1 700.

T ook R alph H arrup a s D endy,

M erchant.

1 702. M erchant.

1 5th F ebruary

a nd s et o ver t o D endy, 1 894, 3 18

A dmitted t o t he M erchant A dventurers D endy, 1 894, 3 18

1 st N ovember 1 697. a pprentice. 2 4th S eptember

3 18

1 703.

C .C.C.B.N.

5 89/12,

S on R obert b apt.

T obacco M erchant.

1 894,

3 31

f .37

S .N.P.R.

H is w ill n ames

h is w ife M artha a nd t wo s ons, b oth u nder a ge, G eorge a nd R obert. H e h ad t wo a djoining p roperties i n S ide, o ne o f w hich w as m ortgaged f or t wo h undred p ounds. 1 8th

D .P.U.D.,

T 12

D endy,

1 894,

F ebruary

1 703 .

2 1st F ebruary

1 703.

B uried

2 2nd F ebruary

1 703.

L airstone c ost 6 /8d.

5 2. M ilne.

D ied .

3 18

S .N.P.R. S .N.C.W.A.B.

R obert. 2 4th A pril

1 763.

T obacconist.

D aughter M argaret

b apt. 5 3.

1 703

M cLean.

A .S.P.R.

J ohn.

5 th J anuary 1 794. T obacconist. N ative o f I sle o f M an. D aughter C atherine b apt. W ife C atherine, d aughter o f W illiam M orrison, f armer o f B elfast. A .S.P.R. 1 0th J anuary 4 th M arch b orn.

1 796.

1 798.

T obacconist.

T obacconist.

S on J ohn b apt

F ourth s on,

A .S.P.R.

D aniel A .S.P.R.

1 35

1th M arch 2 0th A ugust

1 798.

T obacconist.

1 799.

S on D anial b apt.

A .S.P.R.

T obacconist. D aughter M ary b orn. A .S.P.R.

2 nd S eptember b apt. 5 4.

O gle.

1 799.

T obacconist. D aughter M ary A .S.P.R.

J ohn. 1 st A ugust 1 689. S on o f H enry O gle, G ent o f H ayropp, N orthumberland, b ound a pprentice t o S amuel C hicken f or e ight y ears. F .C.A., 1 51/2,

18

1 2th O ctober 1 697. A pprentice t o S amuel C hicken, F eltmaker. P aid 2 0/- f or h is f reedom. C h.A., 1 697.

F eltmaker.

O liver,

1 923,

2 9th M ay 1 698. A dmitted t o C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A., 1 699. E lected S teward o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers f rom M ichaelmas 1 699 t o M ichaelmas 1 700. F .C.A., 1 st M ay 1 703. F eltmaker. J ohn C oulter b ound a pprentice t o h im f or s even y ears. F .C.A.,

18

1 51/10

1 51/3

1 51/2,

2 9th S eptember 1 703. " Election M an" f or t he e lection o f S tewards f or t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A., 1 6th A ugust 1 705. T obacconist a t H ead o f S ide, W illiam b uried.

5 43/72

1 26

1 51/3

S on S .J.P.R.

1 8th A pril 1 701. O rdered t o a ttend t he G uildhall o n t he f ollowing M onday t o a ssist t he S teward, o r b efined5/-. F .C.A .,

1 51/3

1 st S eptember 1 708. F eltmaker. G eorge G rahame, s on o f W illiam G rahame, b ound a pprentice t o h im. F .C.A.,

1 51/2,

1 29

3 0th O ctober 1 710. A pprentice J ohn C oulter s worn a m ember o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. O liver, 1 926, 5 th M arch

1 714.

F eltmaker.

A pprentice G eorge G rahame

r eported a bsent f rom h is M aster. o n 2 5th A pril. 1 7th A pril

1 716.

1

H e r eturned F .C.A., 1 51/2,

1 29

T obacconist a t H ead o f S ide.

B uried.

S .J.P.R.

1 36

7 th N ovember 1 716. A pprentice G eorge G rahame s worn a m ember o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. 5 5.

P arke.

O liver,

1 926,

2 1

T homas. 3 0th J une 1 673. L isted i n " An A ccount o f t he J ourneymen F eltmakers t o h ave s erved t heir t ime a s a pprentis." 2 1st F ebruary B uried .

1 675.

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

F eltmaker a nd p ipemaker. S .M .P .R .

T homas P arke w as p robably

t he f orebear o f

t he P arke f amily o f G ateshead p ipemakers.

5 6.

P artis.

F rancis.

1 9th A ugust

1 653.

B aptised.

S on o f T homas P artis.

S .N.P.R.

8 th S eptember 1 664. U nder 2 1 y ears o f a ge. U nder t he t erms o f t he w ill o f h is f ather, T homas P artis I , h e w as l eft a l easehold h ouse a djoining t hat o f h is f ather i n H ead o f S ide n ear S t. N icholas C athedral. D .P.U.D. 1 679. M aster M ariner.

O liver,

T 23

1 669

1 923,

9 7

3 rd M arch 1 690. A dmitted t o t he T rade a nd F ellowship o f M erchants o f A lnwick a s M r T homas P artis s econd s on, " and l ikewise J ohn P artis a s h is f ather's t hird s on". 1 st O ctober 1 690. T obacconist. b apt. W ife E lizabeth. 1 st F ebruary

H odgson & W ood,

1 924,

2 0

D aughter B arbara S .B.P.R.

1 691. W ife E lizabeth d ied. R ichardson,

1 ,

3 7

5 th O ctober 1 691. C hosen t o b e A lderman o f N ewcastle f or t he e nsuing y ear. H odgson & W ood, 1 924,

2 0

1 2th J uly

1 692.

3 0thAugust

1 694. P aid 1 /-

1 695.

f or apew. B rand,

5 43/69

S .N.C.W.A.B . 1 789,

V ol.

2 ,

3 38

S on M atthias d ied. R ichardson,

1 0th N ovember

V ol.

P aid 5 /- f or f our p acks o f G oods. C h.A.,

1 695. M aster o f T rinity H ouse. 2 1st A pril

1 820,

1 695.

P aid

1 /- f or a p ew.

1 696 - 1 697. M ember o f t he C ommon C ouncil.

1 37

1 820,

V ol.

1 ,

3 7

S .N.C.W.A.B. C h.A.,

5 4 3 /7 1

S eptember

1 696.

P aid

1 /- f or a p ew.

S .N.C.W.A.B.

2 1st O ctober 1 696. R eceived f rom T homas B ax, m aster o f t he ' Rose' o f M argate, a n u ndisclosed a mount o f p ipe c lay f ree o f c harge. 1 6th N ovember

1 697

1 696.

C h.A.,

A lderman o f N ewcastle. C .C.C.B.N.,

1698. M ember o f t he C ommon C ouncil.

1 8th F ebruary

1 699.

5 43/71

5 89/6 f .206v C h.A.,

5 43/72

P aid " for a w aist o f h is h ouse

a t t he h ead o f S ide f or 4 y ears a t M ich. 9 8 t he s um 8 /-." C h.A.,

5 43/73

7 th M arch 1 699. L iving i n t he C lose. P aid f or t he f uneral o f M argaret D ixon, w idow. ( She w as h is a unt, a nd s ister o f h is f ather. D .P.U.D. T 243 1 690). 3 0th S eptember

1 700.

P aid

1 /- f or a p ew.

1 2th O ctober 1 702. M aster M ariner. a pprenticed t o h im . 4 th S eptember 1 7th N ovember

1 702. P aid 1 /1 703.

2 7th M ay 1 704. h ouse. 4 th O ctober

J ames G alley O liver,

1 923,

1 48

f ora p ew.

S .N.C.W.A.B .

1 /- f or a p ew.

S .N.C.W.A.B.

P aid 3 /4d M ichaelmas r ent.

1 705.

P aid 3 /4d r ent.

1 9th J anuary 1 708. M aster M ariner. a pprenticed t o h im. 8 th O ctober 1 711. M aster M ariner. a pprenticed t o h im. 5 7.

S .N.C.W.A.B.

P aid 4 /- r ent f or J ohn N icholson's S .N.C.W.A.B.

1 704.

9 th S eptember

P aid

S .J.P.R.

S .N.C.W.A.B. S .N.C.W.A.B.

A lex.

H etherington O liver, 1 923,

J ohn P artis O liver,

1 84

1 926,

8

P artis. M atthias 2 6th F ebruary P artis.

1 655.

B aptised.

S on o f T homas S .N.P.R.

1 678. H oastman.

O liver,

1 923,

9 6

1 906,

2 2

1 st A pril 1 686. R ecorded i n t wo d eeds e ffecting a m ortgage o f t he K illingworth E state t o h im i n t rust f or h is b rother, T obacconist . 1 688.

T homas,

B riefly S heriff o f N ewcastle.

1 38

f or £ 1000, D endy,

T ogether w ith t he

M ayor, W illiam H utchinson,

h e r esigned o n 5 th

N ovember.

H owell,

1 980,

2 9

1 940,

7 9

T he s on o f T homas P artis a nd h is w ife E lianor. H unter-Blair, P re F ebruary 1 692. o f T allentire,

N ewcastle M erchant. T he t ownship C umberland, w as g iven b y H enry

F letcher E sq. w ith h is s econd d aughter A nne i n m arriage t o M atthias P artis. B urn & N icholson, 2 2nd F ebruary

1 692.

1 03

" now o f T aleantyre i n t he C ounty

o f C umberland." W ife A nn. H enry F letcher. 2 nd A pril

1 777,

F ather-in-law D .P.U.D.,

1 705. M erchant o f T allentire,

T 155

1 720

C umberland.

I nvolved w ith o thers, i ncluding h is s ister-in-law, M ehitabel, w idow o f h is b rother T homas, r egarding c ertain l ands w ithin t he K illingworth E state. W elford, 3 0th D ecember

1 715.

1 716.

H ostman.

1 926,

O liver,

1 926,

1 8th J une 1 716. O astman. S on M atthias a pprenticed t o R alph M itford, M ercer. D endy, 1 899,

5 8.

P artis.

1 717.

1 4

S ons T homas a nd F rancis

a pprenticed t o h im.

2 nd J anuary

3 3

S on F letcher a pprenticed t o h im. O liver,

1 4th J anuary

1 915,

D ied.

H unter-Blair,

1 940,

2 7

3 43 7 9

T homas I .

2 4th F ebruary

1 648. M arried

A nn C ornar.

3 rd N ovember 1 648. A " foreign" m arried m an w ith a t obacco-shop. S ervant t o A ndrew B arker, M erchant A dventurer. D endy, 8 th M arch

1 649. W ife A nn d ied.

4 th O ctober

1 649. M arried E llinor J oblin.

2 4th D ecember

1 651.

I nfant c hild d ied.

S .J.P.R.

1 894,

1 48

S .N.P.R. S .N.P.R. S .N.P.R.

5 th J anuary

1 652.

S on R obert b apt. W ife E linor.

S .N.P.R.

1 9th A ugust

1 653.

S on F rancis b apt.

S .N.P.R.

2 6th F ebruary 6 th J anuary

1 655.

1 657.

S on M atthias b apt.

Y eoman.

1 39

S on R obert b orn.

S .N.P.R. S .N.P.R.

4 th J anuary

1 659.

1 5th F ebruary

C hapman.

S on R obert b uried.

S .N.P.R.

1 660. G ranted h is p ersonal f reedom

o n p ayment o f s ixty p ounds. H ad s erved A ndrew B arker, d eceased m erchant, f or s even y ears. U ndertook n ot t o t rade i n a ny c ommodity p roperly b elonging t o a f ree c ompany, e xcept t obacco a nd p ipes. H is c hildren h ad n o c laim t o f reedom. C .C.C.B.N. 5 89/6, 1th M ay

1 660.

S on C harles b orn. Y eoman.

f .43

S .N.P.R.

1th S eptember b apt.

1 661.

D aughter B arbara

1 4th S eptember

1 662. W ife E llinor w as a s uriety a t

S .N.P.R.

t he b aptism o f A lice, C ordwainer.

d aughter o f T homas H ills, S .N.P.R.

1th M arch 1 663. W as a s uriety a t t he b aptism o f F lorence, d aughter o f R obert P reston, p lumber. S .N.P.R. 1 3th M arch

1 663.

1 st S eptember

Y eoman.

1 664.

S on J ohn b apt.

Y eoman.

S .N.P.R.

S on L eonard b apt.

S .N.P.R.

8 th S eptember 1 664. H is w ill n ames h is w ife E llinor, s ons T homas, F rancis, M atthias, C harles, J ohn a nd L eonard, a nd d aughter B arbara. H e o wned a h ouse w ith a s hop a nd " chamber" a nd l easeheld a n a djoining h ouse i n H ead a nd S ide, a t A lnwick. 1 st N ovember 1 665.

1 664.

t ogether w ith a nother h ouse D .P.U.D., T 23

S on L eonard b uried.

1 669

S .N.P.R.

L iving i n S tank T ower W ard. H ad f our h earths. W elford, 1 911,

1 6th M arch

1 666.

S on J oseph b apt.

6 1

S .N.P.R.

8 th N ovember 1 668. W ife E leanor w as s urety a t t he b aptism o f R achel, d aughter o f J ohn W ilson, S .N.P.R.

C ordwainer. 1 2th A pril

1 669. D ied.

1 4th A pril

1 669.

T ombstone.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

2 5th F ebruary 1 679. Y eoman o f N ewcastle. S on J ohn a pprenticed t o S amuel G ill, B oothman. D endy, 1 894, 9 th M ay

3 08

1 681. W ife E llinor d ied. R ichardson,

1 40

1 820,

V ol.

1 ,

3 7

1 3th M arch

1 682.

G ent.

d eceased o f N ewcastle.

J oseph a pprenticed t o G eorge B aines,

S on

B oothman. D endy, 1 894,

3 11

5 9. P artis. T homas I I. c 1 650. 1 671.

B orn.

S on o f T homas P artis

S .N.P.R.

H oastman.

O liver,

1 923,

8 7

2 4th M ay 1 672. N ewcastle H ostman. B etrothed t o J ane B awling, s pinster o f S t. N icholas P arish, N ewcastle. 3 0th M ay

D urham M arriage B onds,

1 23

1 672. M arried J ane R awling a t W allsend. D urham M arriage B onds,

1 23

1 2th F ebruary

1 674. M arried M ehitabel,

d aughter o f

L uke K illingworth J .P., o f K illingworth, B enton.

a t

P hilips,

1 894,

3 rd D ecember 1 683. M ember o f t he T rade a nd F ellowship o f M erchants o f A lnwick . H odgson & W ood, 1 924,

1 96

1 9

1 685. D eed s tating t hat " Sir T homas F oot h aving a ssigned h is m ortgage t o W illiam B arrett, t he l atter d eclared t hat h e h eld i t i n t rust f or T homas P artis, t obacconist, w ho h ad p aid S ir T homas F oot h is m ortgage m oney." D endy,

1th D ecember

1 685.

B oothman.

1 906,

2 2

T wo d ocuments s tating

t hat t he E state o f K illingworth f ormerly h eld b y L uke K illingworth h ad p assed t o h is s isters, i ncluding P artis' w ife M ehitabel, o n h is d ecease. D endy,

1 906,

2 2

1 st A pril 1 686. T wo d eeds f or e ffecting a m ortgage o f t he K illingworth E state t o M atthias P artis, i n t rust f or T homas P artis f or £ 1000. D endy, 1 906,

2 2

1 st A pril 1 687.SonThomasKillingworth d ied . 1 2th A ugust 1 687. h is h ouse. M ay

1 688.

P aid h alf y ear r ent o f 3 /4d.

P aid h alf y ear r ent o f 3 /4d.

T ombstone. o n S .N.C.W.A.B.

o n h is h ouse. S .N.C.W.A.B.

1 7th S eptember F eltmakers, 2 1st S eptember

1 688. M ember o f t he C ompany o f C urriers a nd A rmourers.

F .C.A.

1 51/3

1 688. M ember o f t he C ompany o f B arber-

S urgeons a nd W ax a nd T allow C handlers. E mbleston,

1 41

1 892,

2 30

4 th J anuary 1 689. H is w ill n ames h is w ife M ehitabel a nd d aughters E leanor, A nne, M ehitabel, B arbara, J ane, D eborah a nd S usannah. H e h ad a d welling h ouse i n t he H ead o f S ide ( left t o h im b y h is f ather) a nd a nother a t A lnwick. D .P.U.D. 1 0th J anuary

1 689.

1 6th D ecember

B uried.

1 689.

P ool.

T obacconist d eceased. D aughter R ichardson,

1 820,

V ol.

1 743. M arried M argaret R obinson.

2 4th A pril

1 758.

T obacconist.

R amsey.

S .N.P.R.

S .N.P.R.

J ohn.

1 9th S eptember

1 766.

T obacco-spinner.

B ured.

A .S.P.R.

R attray. G eorge. 1 6th J uly 1 757. F razer.

T obacco-spinner. M arried M ary

1th J une b apt.

T obacco-spinner.

A .S.P.R.

1 758.

D aughter J ane A .S.P.R.

2 8th S eptember

1 758.

D aughter J ane d ied,

m onths. 1 st A ugust b apt.

a ged 5 O liver,

1 759.

T obacconist.

1 87

S on W illiam F razer

1 761.

T obacconist.

D aughter M ary A .S.P.R.

1 0th M arch 1 763. D aughter M ary d ied, a nd s even m onths. 4 th D ecember

1 763.

T obacconist.

a ged o ne y ear O liver, 1 926,

S on R obert b apt.

1 2th J une

1 768.

T obacconist.

S on G eorge b apt.

1 8th J une

1 768.

S on G eorge d ied a ged s even w eeks. O liver,

1 7th A pril R eed.

1 926,

A .S.P.R.

1 3th S eptember b apt.

6 3.

3 7

D aughter I sabel

b uried.

6 2.

1 ,

M athew . 3 0th J uly

6 1.

1 701

S .N.P.R.

S usanna d ied. 6 0.

T 17,

1 776.

D ied aged 4 7.

1 777.

T obacconist.

1 42

A .S.P.R. A .S.P.R.

1 926,

1 87

O liver,1926,

1 87

A lexander. 1 st O ctober

1 87

S on D avid b orn.

W ife J ean. 6 4.

R eed.

I .S.J.C.

D avid. 1 st O ctober

1 777.

B orn.

S on o f A lex.

R eed a nd h is

w ife J ean. 9 th F ebruary

I .S.J.C.

1 800.

T obacconist i n C himney M ills.

D ied a ged 2 2. 6 5.

R eed.

O liver,

1 926,

2 77

J ohn. 2 9th N ovember 1th M arch

1 666.

1 701.

M arried M argaret B ell.

T obacconist i n S ide.

S .N.P.R.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

H e p resumably l ived o n t he s outh s ide o f S ide t o c ome w ithin t he P arish o f S t. 6 6.

R obertson.

A ndrew.

1 8th J une 6 7.

N icholas.

R obertson.

1 730.

T obacconist.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

J ohn.

7 th M ay

1 786.

T obacconist i n S t.

A ndrews P arish.

S on J ames b orn. W ife I sabell. T he R obertson m ay b e r elated,

I .S.J.C. p erhaps g randfather

a nd g randson. 6 8.

R obinson.

J ames.

1 3th J une

1 731.

T obacco-spinner. M arried A nne

S tuart. 6 9.

R obinson.

A .S.P.R.

W illiam.

2 5th D ecember

1 738.

T obacconist.

B uried.

A .S.P.R.

W illiam a nd J ames R obinson a re p robably r elated, p erhaps e ither b rothers o r f ather a nd s on. 7 0.

R obson.

B artholomew.

1 2th J une

1 785.

T obacconist.

D aughter Margaret

b apt. 7 1.

R obson.

A .S.P.R.

J ames.

1 790.

T obacco a nd S nuff M anufacturer i n P ipewellgate,

G ateshead. 1 801.

T obacconist

W .D.d, i n N ew P andon S treet.

T he R obsons a re p robably r elated, b rothers.

1 43

p erhaps

M .D.a,

14 3 3

7 2.

7 3.

S andforth.

J ohn.

1 683.

T obacconist.

1 687.

P aid £ 1.0s.0d.

S mith.

C hurchwarden o f S t.

N icholas.

f or h is C hurch p ew.

S .N.C.W.A.B.

W illiam. 8 th J une

1 761.

T obacconist.

W ife M ary d ied a ged

3 3. 1 5th May 1 778.

M .I.S.N.C., 1 767.Tobacconist.

S .N.P.R.

L and T ax.

T .W.Arch.23/657

T obacconist i n S ide.

W .D.a,

2 4

1 782.

W .D.b,

2 5

M .I.S.N.C.,

8 7

T obacconist i n S ide

1 4th O ctober

S pencer.

1 793.

S torey.

T obacconist.

D ied a ged 6 2.

S tephen.

1 8th O ctober

7 5.

S onWilliam b uried.

1 685.

T obacconist.

S on J ohn b apt.

A .S.P.R.

J ohn.

2 nd F ebruary 2 8th J une

1 713. M arried M argaret G ersham.

1 716.

T obacconist.

S on J ohn b apt.

S .N.P.R. W ife

M argaret. 1 0th M arch 7 6.

8 7

T enant o f p roperty o wned b y H enry S impson i n

t he S andhill Q uarter.

7 4.

M .S.N.C.

T hwaites.

S .N.P.R.

1 745.

T obacconist.

B uried.

S .N.P.R.

L ancelot.

1 2th F ebruary W ilkinson, 1 7th J une

1 661.

B ound a pprentice t o W illiam

F eltmaker.

F .C.A.,

10

1 667. M ember o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers. 1 671.

1 51/2,

F .C.A.,

F eltmaker.

O liver,

1 51/3

1 923,

8 7

9 th M ay 1 671. M ade f ree o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers a fter p aying 4 1/-. F .C.A., 2 nd O ctober

1 671.

Owed t he C ompany 2 /6d o n

h is h alf-year a ccount. 1th D ecember

1 51/3

1 677.

T obacconist.

1 44

F .C.A.,

1 51/2.

D aughter M argaret

12

b apt. W ife M ary. 4 th O ctober

S .N.P.R.

1 680. M ember o f t he C ompany o f

F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers.

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

3 rd O ctober 1 681. S on L ancelot e ntered i nto t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A., 1 51/2, 2 nd F ebruary 1 682.

1 684. W ife M ary b uried.

14

S .N.P.R.

O wed t he C ompany 5 /- i n f ines.

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

5 th O ctober 1 685. " Election M an" f or t he e lection o f S tewards o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A.,

1 51/3

5 th O ctober 1 685. F eltmaker. S on T homas e ntered i nto t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A., 1 51/2, 3 rd O ctober

1 687. O wed t he C ompany 5 /3d i n f ines. F .C.A.,

3 0th S eptember

6 th O ctober

1 51/3

1 689. Owed t he C ompany 3 /0d i n f ines. F .C.A.,

1 690. O wed t he C ompany

1 51/3

1 /5d i n f ines. F .C.A.,

D ecember 1 691. W as p aid £ 5.17s.4d. b ells f or f our d ays. J uly

f or r inging t he C h. A .,

1 692. W as p aid a n ote f or 2 8/4d.

2 9th A ugust

1 694. W as p aid

C h.

A .,

1 51/3

5 43/69 5 43/69

1 0/- f or s acrament

b read. M ay

16

S .N.C.W.A.B.

1 696. W as p aid £ 6.12s.Od f or r inging t he b ells o n s everal o ccasions. C h. A .,

5 43/70

1 st J une 1 696. W as p aid 7 /- f or o ne y ears s acrament b read. S .N.C.W.A.B. O ctober

1 696. W as p aid

1 8/4d a s p er h is n ote. C h.

1 696. W as p aid £ 5.19s.4d. a s p er h is n ote. 1 7th J une

C h.

A .,

5 43/70

A .,

5 43/71

1 697. W as p aid 7 /- f or o ne y ears b read. S .N.C.W.A.B.

O ctober

1 699.

D eceased.

F rom a t l east J uly

C h.

A .,

1 684 u ntil h is d eath T hwaites

1 45

5 4 3 /7 3

w as C lerk t o S t.

N icholas C athedral.

T his w as a

s alaried p osition w ith p ayments m ade q uarterly. I n J uly 1 684 t his w as 1 0/6d, b ut w as r aised t o 1 3/4d t hereafter u ntil 1 691 ( S.N.C.W.A.B.). F rom t hen u ntil h is d eath h e w as p aid 1 4/a Q uarter ( Ch. A ., 5 43/69 - 7 3 ). 7 7.

T odd.

T homas. 1 3th F ebruary 1 8th M arch

1 813.

S on W illiam d ied a ged

1 9.

T ombstone.

1 818. W ife S arah d ied a ged 5 8.

T ombstone.

T he T odd f amily t ombstone s urvives i n A ll S aints C hurthyard. I t r ecords T homas a s a t obacconist. 7 8.

T urnbull.

A gnes.

1 801. 7 9.

T urnbull.

T obacconist i n Q uayside.

M .D.a,

J ames.

2 0th A pril 1 782.

1 745. M arried J ane L ainge.

A .S.P.R.

T obacconist a t w est e nd o f Q uayside.

3 rd O ctober

1 796.

T urnbull.

W .D.a,

2 5

M ember o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers,

C urriers a nd A rmourers. 8 0.

3 9

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

M athew.

O ctober 1 774. V oted f or S ir W alter B lackett a nd S ir M . W hite R idley i n P arliamentary E lections.

T .W.

A rch.,

4 40/2,

4 6

S eptember 1 780. F eltmaker. V oted f or S ir M atthew W hite R idley a nd T homas D elaval i n P arliamentary E lections. 1 787.

T .W.

A rch.,

T obacconist a t w est e nd o f Q uayside.

4 40/5,

5 1

W .D.c,

8 5

2 9th J une 1 796. M ember o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A., 8 1.

T urnbull.

1 51/7

R obert.

1 790. T obacconist a nd T ea D ealer a t w est e nd o f Q uayside.

W .D.d,

T he T urnbulls w ere o bviously a s ingle f amily. I t m ight b e s uggested t hat J ames w as t he f ather, M athew a nd R obert t he s ons, a nd A gnes t he w ife o f e ither M athew o r R obert.

1 46

4 3

8 2. W ait. G eorge. 1 7th O ctober

1 779.

T obacconist i n S t.

J ohns P arish

D aughter A nn b orn. W ife A nn. 1 3th A ugust 2 0th J uly 4 th J uly

1 781.

1 784. 1 786.

2 2nd A ugust 2 3rd A pril 2 6th M ay 8 3. W atson.

S on J ohn b orn. W ife A nn.

A .C.C.

D aughter E leanor b orn. W ife A nn. S on W illiam b orn.

1 788. 1 790.

1 792.

A .C.C.

A .C.C.

W ife A nn.

A .C.C.

S on E dmundston b orn. W ife A nn.

A .C.C.

D aughter E lizabeth b orn. W ife A nn.

D aughter B arbara b orn. W ife A nn.

A .C.C. A .C.C.

J ohn.

1 st A pril

1 764.

T obacconist.

D aughter S arah b apt.

M ay b e d escended f rom F rederick W atson,

A .S.P.R.

p ipemaker

o f N ewcastle.

8 4. W augh.

T homas. 2 1st J une

1 789.

3 0th N ovember 3 rd J uly

D aughter J ane d ied a ged 3 .

1 796.

1 806.

T ombstone.

S on G eorge d ied a ged 9 .

T ombstone.

D aughter A nn d ied a ged 2 4.

T ombstone.

T he W augh f amily t ombstone s urvives i n A ll S aints C hurchyard. I t r ecords T homas a s a T obacconist. 8 5.

W hitley.

N athaniel I .

1 8th M arch

1 722.

T obacco-cutter.

B uried

2 8th M ay 1 722. T obacco-cutter d eceased. b apt. W idow M argaret. 8 6. W hitley.

S .N.P.R. S on W illiam S .N.P.R.

N athaniel I I.

7 th S eptember

1 725.

T obacco-cutter. M arried E leanor

O gle.

S .N.P.R.

T he W hitleys a re p robably f ather a nd s on. 8 7. W ilkinson. W illiam. 4 th O ctober

1 650.

F eltmakers,

M ember o f t he C ompany o f

C urriers a nd A rmourers.

1 47

F .C.A.,

1 51/3

3 rd O ctober 1 653. T ogether w ith o thers h e a greed t o p ay 1 2d p er Q uarter f or t he r epairing o f t he M eeting H ouse o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A., 1 656.

F eltmaker.

O liver,

1 923,

2 0th A pril 1 658. W arden a nd S teward o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, Curriers a nd A rmourers . F .C .A ., 2 1st F ebruary a nd b apt.

1 660.

F eltmaker.

1 51/3 7 3

1 51/13

S on W illiam b orn S .N.P.R.

1 660. F ined 2 /6d f or a bsence f rom m eetings o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers. F .C.A., 1 51/2,

2 07

1 2th F ebruary t o h im.

10

1th M ay

1 661.

1 661.

9 th S eptember b apt. 2 3rd J uly b apt.

L ancelot T hwaites b ound a pprentice F .C.A., 1 51/2,

F eltmaker. 1 664.

D aughter M ary b apt.

T obacco M erchant.

S .N.P.R.

S on J ames S .N.P.R.

1 666.

T obacco M erchant.

S on R ichard S .N.P.R.

1 3th N ovember 1 667. J uliana b apt.

T obacco M erchant.

D aughter S .N.P.R.

2 1st A ugust 1 669. O ne o f t he a ppraisers o f t he e state o f T homas P artis I . D .P.U.D.

T 23

2 6th A pril

S .N.P.R.

1 670.

T obacco-man.

B uried.

1 669

2 8th A pril 1 670. E state a ppraised d etailing s tock o f t obacco a nd t obacco-pipes h eld i n h is s hop.

( See A ppendix T wo).

D .P.U.D.

M ay b e r elated t o W illiam W ilkinson, o f G ateshead. 8 8.

W ilson.

A 32 I ,

1 670

p ipemaker

J ames I .

1 5th M arch 1 766. H annah.

T obacconist.

1 3th S eptember 1 769. W ife H annah.

I .S.J.C. T obacconist.

S on D avid b orn. I .S.J.C.

5 th A pril 1 770. T obacconist. W ife H annah. 2 8th S eptember

S on J ohn b orn. W ife

S on J ames b orn.

1 783. M arried M argaret B rowell.

1 48

I .S.J.C. A .S.P.R.

8 9. W ilson.

J ames I I.

1 9th A pril

1 783.

H is w ill n ames h is w ife E lizabeth

a nd t heir c hildren T homas W illiam, G eorge, E llen J ane a nd E lizabeth. H ad a d welling h ouse a t S andhill a nd a s ummer r esidence i n S trawberry L ane, N ewcastle. 1 790.

T obacco a nd s nuff m anufacturer,

d ealer,

D .P.U.D.

T 1 803

a nd T ea

l iving o n t he n orth s ide o f S andhill. W .D.d,

2 2nd J anuary

1 797.

T obacconist.

4 7

S on G eorge b orn.

W ife E lisabeth.

S .N.P.R.C.G.

3 1st J anuary 1 797. T obacconist. S on J ames A llen d ied a ged 7 y ears 1 m onths. W ife E lisabeth. M .I.S.M.G. 2 nd F ebruary

1 797.

T obacconist.

N o 8 7

S on G eorge b apt. S .N.P.R.C.G.

S on J ames A llen b uried. 1 801.

T obacconist i n S andhill.

1 6th J une L ane. 9 0. W ilson.

S .M.P.R.

1 803.

M .D.a,

2 4

T obacconist l iving i n S trawberry

D ied a ged 4 4.

S .M.P.R.

J ohn.

2 4th M arch

1 750.

T obacconist.

S on J ohn d ied

a ged 4 . 1 st A ugust

1 753.

2 6th D ecember 1 4th O ctober

M .I.S.M.G.

N o 8 7

S on W illiam d ied a ged 4 . M .I.S.M.G.

N o 8 7

1 754.

D aughter J ane d ied.

M .I.S.M.G. N o 8 7

1 756. D aughter E lizabeth d ied

a ged 4 . 1 7th J uly

1 766.

D aughter A nn d ied a ged

M .I.S.M.G.

N o 8 7

M .I.S.M.G.

N o 8 7

1.

O ctober 1 774. V oted f or S ir W alter B lackett a nd S ir M . W hite R idley i n P arliamentary E lections T .W. A rch.,

4 40/2,

5 0

4 40/4,

5 5

W .D.a,

2 4

M arch 1 777. F eltmaker. V oted f or A ndrew R obinson B owes i n P arliamentary E lection. T .W. 1 778.

T obacconist i n S andhill.

1 49

A rch.,

2 nd D ecember

1 787. W ife E leanor d ied a ged 6 4. M .I.S.M.G. N o 8 7

3 0th A ugust 1 788. H is w ill m entions h is s on J ames, d aughter E leanor, s on-in-law W illiam S eymour, a nd g rand-daughters B arbara a nd E leanor S eymour. H is d welling h ouse w as i n S andhill, a nd h e o wned o ther p roperties i n L ow B ridge, N ewcastle, t ogether w ith o ther p roperty a t " Blind M an's L oaning, n ear N ewcastle". D .P.U.D. 2 0th D ecember

1 788.

D ied a ged 6 6.

T 11

1 789

M .I.S.M.G. N o 8 7

T he W ilsons w ere r elated. J ames I a nd J ohn w ere p robably b rothers. J ohn w as t he f ather o f J ames I I. J ames I I h ad a s on T homas ( not t he a bove T homas W illiam) w ho a lso b ecame a T obacconist ( M.S.N.C.). H e d ied i n 1 848 a ged 5 7 ( M.I.S.M.G. N o 8 7). T he f amily m ay b e r elated t o W illiam W ilson, p ipemaker o f G ateshead. 9 1. W oodruff.

R ichard.

1 6th D ecember

1 703.

T obacco-seller. C .C.C.B.N.,

5 89/16, f .151

9 2. W ouldhave. W illiam. 2 4th J uly 1 692. T easdale.

T obacconist. M arried E sther S .N.P.R.

2 0th A pril 1 699. W ith R ichard W all, i n a rrears f or a " waste i n t he S ide p er a nnum f our s hillings - 2 2 y ears a t M ichaelmas 1 698". C .C.C.B.N.,

5 89/12, f .8

A DDENDA 9 3.

F uringh.

L ancelot.

1 8th A ugust

1 667.

T obacco-seller. D aughter E lizabeth

b apt.

S .N.P.R.

1 50

G ATESHEAD 1 . A rmstrong.

2 .

J ohn.

1 790.

T ea a nd T obacco d ealer n ear T ollbooth.

1 795.

T obacconist n ear T ollbooth.

W .D.d, W .D.e,

1 09 6 7

L andells. G avin. 1 st D ecember 1 805. T obacconist i n H illgate. S amuel b orn. W ife E sther.

3 . M oss.

S on A .C.C.

J oseph. 2 7th N ovember d ied a ged

1 804. T obacconist. S on G eorge E dward 1 0 m onths. W ife H annah ( nee J ohnson). S .M.P.R.

2 9th N ovember

1 804.

T obacconist.

S on G eorge E dward

b uried.

4 .

S .M.P.R.

P atten. W illiam. 7 th A pril 1 776. T obacconist. W ife I sabella. 2 2nd A ugust b orn.

5 .

R ainforth.

1 785.

S on W illiam b apt. A .C.C.

T obacconist.

D aughter I sabella A .C.C.

J oseph.

1 4th F ebruary

1 799.

T obacconist.

S on J oseph S harp

b orn. W ife A nn S harp o f G ateshead. 1 7th M arch b apt. 6 .

1 799.

T obacconist.

N ative o f B ywell S t.

S .M.P.R.

S on J oseph S harp P eter.

S .M.P.R.

R obson. J ames. 1 790. T obacco a nd s nuff m anufacturer i n P ipewellgate.

W .D.d,

1 801. T obacconist i n N ew P andon S treet, N ewcastle. 7 .

S eymour.

G ateshead. T hompson.

3 3

J ohn.

1 6th F ebruary

8 .

M .D.a,

14

1 799. T obacconist i n L ow T eam, B uried a ged 4 2.

S .M.P.R.

T homas.

1 7th M ay

1 786.

T obacconist i n G ateshead.

1 51

S on

A rchbold b orn. W ife M ary. 8 th A ugust 1 788. T obacconist i n G ateshead. D aughters M ary A nne b orn. W ife M ary.

1 52

I .S.J.C.

I .S.J.C.

A PPENDIX T WO E xtracts f rom P robate D ocuments 1 . E dmund M iddleton I I nventory d ated

1 8th F ebruary

1 672/3.

( D.P.U.D.,

T 264,

" In t he S hopp a nd C ellars I mprimis f ifty s eaven h ogsheads o f L eafe T obacco

1 672).

£ 513.

O s.

O d

I tm s eaventie n ine R oules o f T obacco

2 2.

8 s.

O d.

I tm O ne C aske o f s econd s ort T obacco

5 .

6 s.

3 d.

I tm O ne p arcell o f o rdinary T obacco

1 .

O s.

O d

I tm O ne p arcell o f t he l ess c ut T obacco

7 .

O s.

O d

I tm O ne p arcell o f S panish T obacco

2 .

1 5s.

O d

I tm O ne t obacco k nife a nd c utting b oard

O .

5 s.

O d

"

£ 500.

O s.

O d

I t

£ 2 4.

1 6s.

O d

1 .

6 s.

O d.

I n t he S eller b eyond t he s hopp. I mp. O ne h undred n inety s ix r oles o f U nprest T obaccoe w eigh f ifteen h undred a nd h alfe v al.

4 3.

8 s.

O d.

I m. f ifty t wo r oles o f s mall T wist w eight t hree h undred a nd h alfe v al.

1.

8 s.

8 d.

I m. S ix h undred o f L eafe v al.

1 2.

O s.

O d.

4 0.

O s.

O d.

( Total v alue o f i nventory - £ 1,195. 2 .

6 s.

7 d).

T homas P artis I

I nventory d ated 2 1st A ugust 1 669. ( D.P.U.D., " In C ellars a nd S hop I tem i n T obacco, R oll, L eafe a nd C utt ( Total v alue o f I nventory - £ 2,270.

T 23,

1 2s.

1 669).

7 d.).

3 . W illiam W ilkinson I nventory d ated 2 8th A pril 1 670. ( D.P.U.D., A 3 2 I , 1 670). " Goods i n t he S hopp I mprimis. C utt a nd d ried T obacco i n s everall B errells a nd o f s everall s orts a bout 5 h undred w eght v al. I mp. F ive g ross o f g lazed p ipes a nd e ight g ross O ardinary a nd 5 R eams o f p aper

I n t he S eller u p t he E ntrie. I m.

7 h ogsheads o f L eafe T obaccoe v al.

1 53

"

N OTES 1 .

E dwards,

1 987.

2 .

W elford,

1 887, V ol.

3 .

T yne a nd W ear A rchives, 5 43.

4 .

C hamberlains' A ccounts,

5 .

P ublic R ecord O ffice; D urham

6 .

C hamberlains A ccounts 5 4 3 /7 0 .

7 .

i bid. 5 43/72.

8 .

R ive,

9 .

H ughes,

3 , 2 84 - 2 85.

5 4 3 /4 6 - 4 7. 3 /1 1 8

m em.

l d. n o.

1 .

1 929, 6 1. 1 965, 5 7.

1 0.

C hamberlains'

A ccounts,

5 43/69.

1.

i bid.

1 2.

M r. M . I goe, S chool o f E ducation, U niversity o f D urham ( pers. c omm .).

1 3.

C hamberlains '

1 4.

i bid.

5 43/70.

1 5.

i bid.

5 43/73.

1 6.

H ughes,

1 952, 7 .

1 7.

J arvis.

1 946, 2 12.

1 8.

H utton,

1 961, 2 92.

1 9.

H ughes,

1 965, 2 9.

2 0.

i bid.

2 1.

D endy,

2 2.

N orthumberland C ounty R ecord O ffice, G owland M anuscripts, M 13/E13.

2 3.

E dwards, i bid.

2 4.

C hamberlain 's A ccounts, 5 43/59.

2 5.

T yne a nd W ear A rchives,

2 6.

W elford, i bid, V ol. 3 ,

A ccounts, 5 4 3 /72 .

3 0 -3 1. 1 894,

1 78.

1 51. 3 79.

1 54

2 7.

D endy, i bid,

1 43.

2 8.

i bid,

2 9.

C alendar o f C ommon C ouncil B ook f or N ewcastle ( C.C.C.B.N.) 5 89/5, f . 12.

3 0.

i bid, 5 89/12, f . 8 3.

3 1.

D endy, i bid,

3 2.

W elford,

3 3.

C .C.C.B.N.,

3 4.

D endy, i bid,

3 5.

D epartment o f D iplomatic a nd P alaeography, U niversity o f D urham ( D.P.U.D.) T 2 3 1 669.

3 6.

i bid, A 321

1 670.

3 7.

i bid, T 264

1 672.

3 8.

S t. N icholas P arish R egisters ( S.N.P.R.).

3 9.

A ll S aints P arish R egisters ( A.S.P.R.).

4 0.

S .N.P.R.

4 1.

i bid.

4 2.

A .S.P.R.

4 3.

i bid.

4 4.

i bid.

4 5.

D .P.U.D., T 13 1 703.

4 6.

i bid, T 23

4 7.

H odgson a nd W ood,

4 8.

i bid, 2 0.

4 9.

i bid.

5 0.

C .C.C.B.N. 5 89/6, f . 2 06v.

5 1.

B rand,

5 2.

H owell,

5 3.

B urn a nd N icholson,

1 50.

1 64.

i bid, V ol. 3 , 3 58. 5 89/12, f .

1 00.

1 48.

1 669. 1 924,

1 9.

1 789, V ol. 2 , 3 38. 1 980, 2 9. 1 777,

1 03.

1 55

5 4.

D .P.U.D., T 154

1 684.

5 5.

H ughes,

5 6.

D .P.U.D., T 1 803, a nd W hitehead D irectory,

5 7.

S .N.P.R.

5 8.

W elford,

5 9.

D .P.U.D ., T 17.

6 0.

R ichardson,

6 1.

B ourne,

6 2.

D .P.U.D., T 65

6 3.

i bid, T 64

6 4.

S ykes,

6 5.

G raham,

6 6.

E dwards,

6 7.

S t. J ohn's P arish R egisters.

6 8.

C .C.C.B.N.

6 9.

A .S.P.R.

7 0 .

R ecords o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers, 1 51/3.

7 1.

D .P.U.D., T 171

7 2.

D .P.U.D., T 22

7 3.

E dwards,

1 965, 3 5 - 3 6.

1 911,

4 7.

6 1. 1 701.

1 841,

1 736,

1 790,

3 61.

1 09. 1 735.

1 735.

1 865, V ol.

1 , 3 93.

1 984, 2 1 -2 2. i bid.

5 89/6, f .

1 986,

4 3.

1 689. 1 707. 2 1-24.

1 56

A BBREVIATIONS A .C.C.

A ssociated C ongregation o f t he C lose,

A .S.P.R.

A ll S aints P arish R egisters,

B FP.

P ipes f rom B lackfriars,

B GP.

P ipes f rom B lackgate,

B PK.

B earpark,

C 72.

T he C lose,

C .C.C.B.N.

C alendar o f C ommon C ouncil B ook f or N ewcastle.

C h.

C hamberlains'

A .

N ewcastle,

N ewcastle.

N ewcastle,

N ewcastle,

D urham C ity,

N ewcastle.

e xcavation.

e xcavation.

e xcavation. e xcavation.

A ccounts.

C L.

C hapter L ibrary/Refectory, D urham C athedral, e xcavation.

C LS.

C hester-le-Street,

D G.

D eanery G ardens,

D .M.B.

D urham M arriage B onds.

D MG.

M ilburngate, D urham C ity,

D .P.U.D.

D epartment o f P alaeography a nd D iplomatic, D urham.

D RB.

D urham R iver B anks,

F .C.A.

R ecords o f t he N ewcastle C ompany o f F eltmakers, C urriers a nd A rmourers.

G .A.B.

G uild A dmissions B ook.

H LS.

H artlepool,

H LSCW.

C hurch W alk, H artlepool,

H .T.G.

H earth T ax R eturns f or G ateshead.

I .D.

I hler D irectory.

I .S.J.C.

I ndependent S t. J ames C hapel.

J A.

S t.

J S.

J arrow S lake,

K G.

K epier G range,

M .

M emmerkirk,

P aul's,

e xcavation.

D urham C athedral,

e xcavation.

e xcavation.

e xcavation.

e xcavation.

J arrow,

U niversity

e xcavation.

e xcavation.

e xcavation. D urham,

e xcavation.

1 57

e xcavation.

M CD.

M aiden C astle,

M .D.a.

M itchell D irectory,

M .I.S.A.C.

M onumental I nscriptions i n S t. N ewcastle.

M .I.S.M.G .

M .I.S.N.C.

D urham C ity,

e xcavation.

1 801. A ndrew 's C hurchyard,

Monumental I nscriptions i n t he C hurch a nd C hurchy ard o f S t. M ary's, G ateshead. M onumental I nscriptions i n S t.

N icholas C hurch,

N ewcastle. N .C.R.O.

N orthumberland C ounty R ecord O ffice.

N .J.a.

N ewcastle J ournal,

1 2th A ugust

N .J.b.

N ewcastle J ournal,

3 0th A pril

N .J.C.

N ew J erusalem C hurch,

N .P.B.

N ewcastle P oll B ook.

P B.

P iercebridge,

P .D.

P igot D irectory,

P .H.S.C.

P resbyterian H anover S quare C hapel,

P .W.D.

P arson a nd W hite D irectory,

R .D.

R ichardson D irectory,

S .A.N.T.

S ociety o f A ntiquaries o f N ewcastle u pon T yne.

S .A.P.R.

S t.

A ndrew's P arish R egisters,

S .J.P.R.

S t.

J ohn's P arish R egisters,

N ewcastle.

S .M.P.R.

S t.

M ary's P arish R egisters,

G ateshead.

S .M.V.B.

S t. M ary's V estry B ook.

S .N.C.W.A.B.

S t.

N icholas C hurch W ardens'

S .N.P.R.

S t.

N icholas P arish R egisters,

S .N.P.R.C.G.

S t.

N icholas P arish R egister f or C astle G arth.

T .W.

T yne a nd W ear A rchives.

A rch.

1 775. 1 763.

N ewcastle.

e xcavation. 1 834.

1 828.

1 838.

U .

U nmeasurable.

U LX.

U niversity L ibrary E xtension,

1 58

N ewcastle.

N ewcastle.

A ccounts B ook. N ewcastle.

D urham C ity,

e xcavation.

U S.

U nstratified.

W .D.a.

W hitehead D irectory,

1 778.

W .D.b.

W hitehead D irectory,

1 782 - 8 4.

W .D.c.

W hitehead D irectory,

1 787.

W .D.d.

W hitehead D irectory,

1 790.

W .D.e.

W hitehead D irectory,

1 795.

1 59

B ibliography P rimary 1 . U niversity o f D urham a )

b )

D epartment o f A rchaeology. U npublished p apers o f t he l ate J .E.

P arsons.

D epartment o f P alaeography a nd D iplomatic, G ibson D eposit, V olume 2 P robate m aterial r elating t o:1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 .

J ohn B owman L eonard H olmes E dmund M iddleton I E dmund M iddleton I I E leanor P artis J oseph P artis T homas P artis I T homas P artis I I 9 . T homas P artis I II 1 0. W illiam W ilkinson 1. 2 .

J ames W ilson I I

T 1 71 1 689 T 2 2 1 707 T 2 64 1 672 T 1 3 1 703 684 T 1 54 1 T 6 4 1 735 T 2 3 1 669 T 1 7 T 6 5 A 3 21 T

1 701 1 735 1 670 1 803

D urham C ounty R ecord O ffice S t. M ary's P arish R egisters, S t. M ary's V estry B ook, 1 665 H earth T ax R eturns f or G ateshead, P apers r elating t o t he J ohn B owman C harity

3 .

( EP/GaSM

1 2/17 (2 )

N orthumberland C ounty R ecord O ffice. 1 . G owland M anuscripts ( M13/E13). 2 . S t. N icholas C hurch W ardens' A ccounts . B ook 3 . M onumental I nscriptions

:S t.

( M18/31,32).

N icholas C hurch,

N ewcastle.

( M12/B12 ). 4 . M onumental I nscriptions i n S t. A ndrew 's C hurchyard, N ewcastle. ( M13/D21). 5 . M onumental I nscriptions i n t he C hurch a nd C hurchyard o f S t. M ary's, G ateshead. ( M13/F35). 4 .

T yne a nd W ear A rchive D epartment. R ecords o f t he C ompany o f F eltmakers, 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .

C urriers a nd

A rmourers. ( 151). C hamberlains' A ccounts. ( 543). N ewcastle C ommon C ouncil M inute B ooks, 1 620 - 1 800. N ewcastle P oll B ooks, 1 741 a nd 1 780. ( 440). G uilds A dmissions B ook. ( 59 6 /2 4 ). V arious p roperty i ndentures,

( 15/5 - 6 ,

1 287/5 - 9 ).

T he f ollowing P arish R egisters f or N ewcastle 7 .

A ssociated C ongregation o f t he C lose.

1 60

: -

( 589)

) .

8 .

A ll S aints P arish R egisters.

9 . I ndependent C hurch, S t. J ames C hapel. 1 0. 1.

P resbyterian C hurch, H anover S quare C hapel. S t. A ndrew 's P arish R egisters.

1 2.

S t.

1 3. 1 4.

S t. N icholas P arish R egisters. S t. N icholas P arish R egister f or C astle G arth.

J ohn's P arish R egisters.

5 . G ateshead C entral L ibrary. 1 . P hotocopy o f t he

1 675 C harter - P .R.O .,Durham, 3 /1 1 8 mem.

l d N o. 1 . 2 . N ewcastle C ourant f or 2 3rd J une 1 821. 3 . N ewcastle J ournal f or 3 0th A pril 1 763. 4 . N ewcastle J ournal f or 1 2th A ugust 1 775. 6 .

P ublic R ecord O ffice,

L ondon

C harter o f 1 675, ( P.R.O. D urham, 3 /118 m em. 1 d N o. 1 ) D ecree o f 1 678, ( P.R.O. D urham, 4 /3 f f. 4 99v - 5 01r). 7 .

N ewcastle C entral L ibrary D urham M arriage B onds N ewcastle C ourant f or 7 th S eptember

1 799.

S econdary B ourne, B rand,

B urn,

H ., J .,

R .

( 1736). H istory o f N ewcastle u pon T yne. ( 1789).

H istory o f N ewcastle u pon T yne. N ewcastle.

N ewcastle. V ol.

1 ,

a nd N icholson, J ., ( 1777). H istory o f t he C ounties o f C umberland a nd W estmoreland, L ondon.

D endy,

F .W.,

( 1894).

E xtracts f rom t he R ecords o f t he M erchant A dventurers o f N ewcastle u pon T yne. S urtees S ociety, V olume 9 3.

D endy,

F .W.,

( 1906).

' The K illingworths o f K illingworth.', i n A rchaeologia A eliana 3 rd S eries, V ol. I I, 1 0 - 3 2.

D odds,

M .S.

( 1907).

T he R ecords o f t he G ateshead C ompany o f D rapers, T ailors, M ercers, H ardwaremen, C oopers a nd C handlers.

N ewcastle.

E dwards,

L .J.

( 1986)

' A 1 7th C entury P ipemaker's H ouse i n G ateshead.', i n S ociety f or C lay P ipe R esearch N ewsletter N o. 1, 2 1 - 2 4.

E dwards,

L .J.

( 1986a), T obacco P ipes, P ipemakers, a nd T obacconists i n N ewcastle a nd G ateshead u ntil c 1 800 : A n A rchaeological S tudy.

1 61

U npublished M .A. t hesis, D epartment o f A rchaeology, U niversity o f D urham. E dwards,

L .J.

( 1987).

' Seventeenth a nd E ighteenth C entury

T yneside T obacco-pipemakers.' i n T he A rchaeology o f t he C lay T obacco P ipe V ol. E mbleton,

D .,

( 1892).

' The I ncorporated C ompany o f B arber-Surgeons

a nd W ax a nd T allow C handlers o f N ewcastle u pon T yne.' i n A rchaeologia A eliana N ew S eries, V ol. X V, 2 28 - 2 69. G raham,

F .,

H odgson,

( 1984).

J .C.,

M aps o f N ewcastle.

a nd W ood,

H .M.,

A lnwick.' S eries, H owell,

R .

( 1967).

( 1924).

R .,

( 1980).

' The M erchants C ompany o f

i n A rchaeologia A eliana,

V ol.

X XI,

O xford.

' Newcastle a nd t he N ation C entury E xperience.' A eliana, 5 th S eries,

H ughes,

E .,

( 1952).

3 rd

1 6 - 3 7.

N ewcastle u pon T yne a nd t he P uritan R evolution.

H owell,

G ateshead.

:T he S eventeenth

i n A rchaeologia V ol. V III, 1 7 - 3 4.

N orth C ountry L ife i n t he E ighteenth C entury: T he N orth E ast

1 700 - 1 750.

U niversity o f

D urham. H ughes,

E .,

( 1965).

N orth C ountry L ife i n t he E ighteenth C entury: C umberland a nd W estmoreland,

1 700-1830.

U niversity o f D urham. H unter-Blair,

C .H.,

( 1940).

T he M ayors a nd L ord M ayors o f

N ewcastle u pon T yne,

1 216 - 1 940,

a nd t he

S heriffsof t he C ounty of N ewcastle u pon T yne, 1 399 - 1 940. A rchaeologia A eliana, 4 th S eries, H utton,

G .G.,

V ol.

X VII.

( 1961). ' A L akeland J ourney, 1 759.', i n T ransactions o f t he C umberland a nd W estmorland A ntiquarian a nd A rchaeological S ociety N ew S eries,

V ol.

L XI,

2 88 - 2 93. I hler,

A .,

( 1833).

A D irectory o f t he T owns o f N ewcastle a nd G ateshead. N ewcastle.

J arvis,R.C.,(1946).'Whitehaven P ort R ecords and the Forty F ive. ' i n T ransactions o f t he C umberland a nd W estmorland A ntiquarian a nd A rchaeological S ociety, J ohnson,

M .

( 1968),

N ew S eries,

V ol.

X LV,

1 - 2 1.

' Recent w ork o n t he R efectory o f D urham C athedral',

i n T ransactions o f t he

A rchitectural a nd A rchaeological S ociety

1 62

o f D urham a nd N orthumberland. V ol. 1 , 8 5 - 9 3. L awrence,

S .

( 1979),

L e C heminant,

M anders,

R .

F .W.D.

M iddlebrook,

S .

N ew S eries

' York P ipes a nd t heir M akers', i n D avey, e d., T he A rchaeology o f t he C lay T obacco P ipe, V ol. 1 , B .A.R. 6 3.

( 1981), ' Clay T obacco P ipes f rom L ondon a nd t he S outh E ast', i n D avey, e d., T he A rchaeology o f t he C lay T obacco P ipe, V ol. V I, B .A.R. 9 7. ( 1973).

A H istory o f G ateshead. G ateshead.

( 1950), N ewcastle u pon T yne, A chievement. N ewcastle.,

I ts G rowth a nd

O liver,

A .M.,

( 1923 a nd 1 926). T he R egister o f F reemen o f N ewcastle u pon T yne. N ewcastle.

O liver,

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( 1930).

O swald,

A .

( 1975),

C lay P ipes f or t he A rchaeologist.

O swald,

A .

( 1983),

C lay P ipe R eport i n ' The E xcavation o f a 1 7th C entury B astion i n t he C astle o f N ewcastle u pon T yne', ( Ellison a nd H arbottle) i n A rchaeologia A eliana, 5 th S eries, V ol. X I, 1 35 - 2 64.

P arsons,

J .E.

P hilips, M .,

R ichardson,

A V olume o f M iscellanea.

( 1894).

M .A.,

( 1820). A C ollection o f t he A rmorial B earings i n t he C hurch o f S t. N icholas, N ewcastle u pon T yne. N ewcastle. ( 1841).

T he L ocal H istorian's T able B ook o f

( 1929).

D .J.,

S urtees,

S ykes,

R .

J .,

( 4 v ols).

' The C onsumption o f T obacco s ince E conomic H istory,

R owe,

1 4.

' Notes o n S ome F orgotten B urying G rounds o f t he S ociety o f F riends', i n A rchaeologia A eliana, N ew S eries, V ol. X VI, 1 89 - 2 10.

R emarkable O ccurrences. N ewcastle. . ,

B .A.R.

( 1964), ' The A rchaeology o f t he C lay T obacco P ipe i n N orth E ast E ngland', i n A rchaeologia A eliana 4 th S eries V ol. X LII, 2 31 - 2 54.

R ichardson, M .A.,

R ive,

N ewcastle.

( 1966).

V ol.

1 ,

1 600.',

5 7 75.

R ecords o f t he C ompany o f S hipwrights, 1 662 - 1 967, V ol. I I, S urtees S ociety.

( 1820), H istory a nd A ntiquities o f t he C ounty P alatine o d D urham, V ol. I I. ( 1865).

L ocal R ecords.

V ols I a nd I I.

1 63

N ewcastle.

i n

W atkins,

G .

( 1779),

' Hull P ipes - A T ypology', i n D avey, e d., T he A rchaeology o f t he C lay T obacco P ipe. V ol.

I .

B .A.R.

6 3.

W elford,

R .,

( 1887).

H istory o f N ewcastle a nd G ateshead. V ol. I II. L ondon.

W elford,

R .,

( 1911).

' Newcastle H ouseholders i n 1 665.', A rchaeologia A eliana, 3 rd S eries, V ol.

W elford,

R .,

( 1915).

V II,

5 5

- 7 6.

' Local M uniments.', A eliana 3 rd S eries,

W hitehead,

W .,

( 1778,

1 782 - 8 4,

i n

1 787,

i n A rchaeologia V ol.

X II,

1 790,

1- 8 0.

1 795).

D irectory

o f N ewcastle a nd G ateshead.

T his p aper i s b ased o n r esearch d one f or an M .A. t hesis i n t he D epartment P ipes,

o f

A rchaeology,

U niversity

o f

D urham,

e ntitled

' Tobacco

P ipemakers, a nd T obacconists i n N ewcastle a nd G ateshead u ntil

c 1 800:

An A rchaeological S tudy.'

I t i s h oped t hat r esearch i nto

t he n ineteenth a nd twentieth c entury a spects o f t hese i ndustries w ill r esult

i n a f urther p aper a t s ome f uture d ate .

I am g rateful t o t he f ollowing p eople f or a llowing me a ccess t o c ollections o f

p ipes .

P rofessor R osemary C ramp,

C hristopher

Morris

a nd Christopher Lowe of t he D epartment o f Archaeology a t D urham U niversity ;

B arbara H arbottle o f t he T yne a nd Wear A rchaeology U nit:

P eter C lack o f t he N orth-East C leveland

C ounty

A rchaeology

E xcavation; L indsey A ntiquities. T he

h elp

D iplomatic A rchives,

a nd and

and

A rchaeology U nit; U nit;

P eter

A llason-Jones

assistance

P alaeography, Ne wcastle

g ratefully a cknowledged. k indly offered a dvice and

of

o f

t he

S cott t he

and

Gateshead

t he

Newcastle

s taff of

U niversity o f

B laise V yner o f t he o f

t he

D urham,

P iercebridge Museum

o f

D epartment

of

D urham

Central

a nd

Wear

L ibraries

is

P eter D avey a nd A drian O swald h ave also i nformation a t

w ork.

1 64

various

s tages

o f t his