The Seleucid Colonies: Studies in Founding, Administration and Organization 3515025812

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HISTORIA ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALTE GESCHICHTE · REVUE D'HISTOIRE ANCIENNE · ,JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY · RIVISTA DI STORIA ANTICA

THE SELEUCID COLONIES STUDIES FOUNDING,

ADMINISTRATION

IN AND

ORGANIZATION

by

EINZELSCHRIFTEN

GETZEL M. COHEN HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HEINZ HEINEN/TRIER · KARL STROHEKER/TiJBINGEN GEROLD WALSER/BERN

HEFT 30

THE SELEUCID COLONIES FOUNDING,

STUDIES ADMINISTRATION

IN AND ORGANIZATION

by

OETZEL

FRANZ STEINER

M. COHEN

VERLAG GMBH · WIESBADEN 1978

FRANZ STEINER

VERLAG GMBH · WIESBADEN 10'72

TO JOHNV. A. FINE CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme

der Deutschen Bibliothek

Cohen, Getzel M. The Seleucid colonies: studies in founding, administration and organization. - 1. Aufl. - Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1978. (Historia: Einzelschriften; H. 30) ISBN 3-515-02581-2

Published with financial support of the Classics Fund of the University of Cincinnati, established by Louise Taft Semple in memory of her father, Charles Phelps Taft.

Alle Rechte vorbehalten Ohne ausdriickliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es auch nicht gestattet, das Werk oder einzelne Tei.le daraus nachzudrucken oder auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie usw.) zu vervielfiiltigen. © 1978 by Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden. Satz: Copo..Satz, Jugenheim; Druck: Offsetdruckerei Franz Wolf, Heppenheim. Printed in Germany

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ................................................. Abbreviations ............................................

II

IX XII

The Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Letter of Antiochus III to Zeuxis . . . . . . . . . . . . The Macedonian Colonies of Asia Minor . . . . . . . . . . The Founders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Choosing a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Founding the Colony .................................. Appendix: The New Seleucid Inscription From Denizli.

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The Colonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reaching the Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Exclusive Population of a Colony . . . . . . . . . . . Social Stability in a Colony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Inclusive Population of a City . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix: The Inscriptions from Failaka .....................

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I 2 5 9 11 14 I9 21 . . . . . . . . . . . 25

III The K/eros ...........................................

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29 29 30 33 37 42 45

Kleros,K/erouchos,Ak/erouchetos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 The Components of an Allotment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Military Obligation and the Kleros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 I IV The Distribution of the Kleroi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Ptolemaic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Seleucid Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Smyrna Inscription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Encouraging Permanent Settlement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tenure Conditions of the Kleros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix: :i:,eyvo1rou!w ............................... V

53 53 54 60 63 66

70

The Civic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 The Koinon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

VIII

Table of Contents

Military Associations in the Hellenistic World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Seleucid Colonists' Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 From Colony to Po/is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 VI Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Select Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Index of Place Names 93

PREFACE

Map of Hellenistic Asia In his Mercenaries of the Hellenistic World (148), which was published in 1935, G. T. Griffith remarked on the need for a special study of the Seleucid military settlements. To date no single work has been produced which focuses exclusively on the organization and administration of the colonies. Questions about the nature of the foundations and the colonization program have often been treated within larger works dealing with other aspects of the Seleucid empire or the Hellenistic world. The modem study of the Seleucid colonies began with Droysen. He devoted a good deal of attention in his Geschichte des Hellenismus 2 III (1877) 189-358 to both the names and locations of the settlements as well as their fundamental nature. Schuchardt [Ath. Mitt. 13 (1888) 1-17], Radet [De Co/oniis a Macedonibus in Asiam cis Taurum Deductis (1892)], Schulten [Hennes 32 (1897) 523-37], and Ed. Meyer [Hennes 33 (1898) 643-7] all followed Droysen in the nineteenth century, concentrating on Asia Minor. In the early twentieth century, Bevan [The House of Se/eucus (1902), I. 206-228], Hermann Swoboda [Griech. Staatsaltertiimer6 (1913) 196-207], Beloch [Griech. Gesch. 2 IV. I (1925), 251-70], Oertel in his RE article, "Katoikoi" and Ed. Meyer [Bliite und Niedergang (1925)] all devoted considerable attention to the colonization program; Bouche-Leclercq, on the other hand, did not [Hist. des Seleucides (I 913-4)]. The publication in 1927 of Tcherikover's Die hellenistischen Stiidtegriindungen brought together the information then available for all the Hellenistic settlemen ... Rostovtzeff dealt with the Seleucid colonies in a number of works. His Studien zur Geschichte des r6mischen of Asia Ko/onates (1910) included an important discussion on the xwpa {3aa,/\U