The organization and management of music festivals in California

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THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF MUSIC FESTIVALS IN CALIFORNIA

A T h e s is P re se n te d to th e

F a c u lty o f th e S choo l o f E d u c a tio n

The U n i v e r s i t y

o f S o u th e rn C a li f o r n ia

In P a r t i a l F u lfillm e n t o f t h e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r t h e D eg ree M a ste r o f S c ie n c e in E d u c a tio n

by G eorge W illia m B u r t A u g u st 1950

UMI Number: EP56170

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Th is thesis, writ ten under the direction of the Chair man of the candidate’s G u id an ce C o m m i t t e e an d a p p r o v e d by all me m be rs o f the C o m m i t t e e , has been p r es e n te d to a n d a c c e p te d by the F acu lty of the Sc ho ol of Educ ation of the Univ ers ity of Sou thern California in pa rt ia l fu lfi llm e nt of the requirements f o r the de gre e o f M a s t e r of Science in Education. Date.......

Dean Guidance'Committee

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER

I

PAGE

THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMSUSED . . .

1

The p r o b l e m ........................................................................................1 S ta te m e n t O u tlin e

of t h e p ro b lem

o f th e

.......................................... 1

re m a in d e r o f th e t h e s i s

Im p o rta n c e o f th e

. .

2

s t u d y ..............................................

4

..............................................

6

....................................................

6

D e f in itio n s of term s u sed C o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l

N o n -c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l

.........................................

A d j u d i c a t o r ......................... The a d j u d i c a t i o n c l i n i c

7 7

..............................................

$

T h e m u s i c i m o r k s h o p ...............................................................& M E N C ..................................................................

9

NSBOVA

9

.......................................................................................

C a l i f o r n i a - W e s t e r n .............................................................. 9 C M E A ..................................................

9

C S B O A .................................................................................................. 9 S C V A ..................................................................................................9 R e v ie w o f t h e

lite ra tu re

and r e l a t e d

s t u d i e s ..................................................................................... 10 II

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITION FESTIVALS

..................... 11

R e co g n ize d e v e n ts i n c o m p e t i t i o n - f e s t i v a l s B and, O r c h e s tr a ,

* 12

a n d V o c a l E v e n t s ........................ 12

CHAPTER

PAGE E n sem b le E v e n ts

(B a n d )

E n sem b le E v e n ts

(O rc h e s tra )

E n s e m b le E v e n t s

(V o c al)

S o l o E v e n t s (B a n d )

............................................... 12 ....................................

13

..............................................

13

...............................................................13

S o lo E v e n ts

(O rc h e s tra )

.

.

S o lo E v e n ts

(V o c al)

.

............................................... 14

.

.

.......................................... 14

C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f s c h o o l s ................................... B ands, O r c h e s tr a s , C h o ru ses

.

♦

14

....................................

14

. . . . . .

15

O p tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n p la n

. .

E n t e r i n g a h i g h e r c l a s s .................................................... 16 S o l o s a n d E n s e m b l e s ..............................

16

E l i g i b i l i t y ..............................

17

C e r t i f i c a t i o n .......................................................................

17

M e m b e r s h i p ...................................................................................17 Q u a l if i c a t io n th ro u g h re c o g n iz e d d i s t r i c t c o m p e titio n

. . .

...............................

13

M e m b e r s h ip i n o r g a n i z a t i o n s p a r t i c i p a t i n g in q u a lify in g

e v e n ts

B a to n t w i r l e r e l i g i b i l i t y

.

.......................................... 19

S tu d e n t c o n d u c to r e l i g i b i l i t y E n r o l l m e n t s ..............................

1$

.

...........................19 19

M u s ic r e q u i r e m e n t s ....................................................................19 Bands

•

........................................................................................ 19

CHAPTER

PAGE

P e r f o r m i n g t i m e .........................................................................21 F u l l s c o r e s ................................................................................... 21 O rc h e stra s

.............................................................................. 21

P e r f o r m i n g t i m e .........................................................................21 F u l l s c o r e s ................................................................................... 22 L is te n in g

p a rtic ip a tio n

..............................................

M ix e d C h o r u s e s — r e q u i r e d n u m b e r s

.....................

22 22

P e r f o r m i n g t i m e .........................................................................23 M e m o r i z a t i o n o f m u s i c ..........................................................23 L is te n in g

p a r t i c i p a t i o n .................................................... 23

B o y s ’ G lee C lu b s , G i r l s ’ G le e C lu b s , M a d r i g a l G r o u p s ....................................................................24 S tu d e n t C o n d u c to rs

........................................................

24

W ind a n d P e r c u s s i o n I n s t r u m e n t S o l o i s t s and E n se m b le s--re q u ire d l i s t s

....................................

24

F u l l s c o r e s ................................................................................... 24 P e n a l t i e s ........................................................................................ 24 P e r f o r m i n g t i m e .........................................................................24 R e p e t i t i o n o f num bers p r e v i o u s l y p e rfo rm e d

24

V o c a l S o l o i s t s a n d E n s e m b l e s ..................................... 25 S o p ran o s o l o i s t s

..............................................................

D o u b lin g v o ic e p a r t s

. . . . . . . . . . .

25 25

V

CHAPTER

PAGE

A d ju d ic a tio n

.............................................................................

25

A w a r d s .................................................................................................. 25 P l a q u e s ............................................................................................. 26 M e d a l s ............................................................................................. 26 C e rtific a te s -III

........................................................................

27

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE MUSIC F E S T I V A L ............................................................................................. 23 T he m u s i c c o n t e s t ....................................................................2$ T he c o m p e t i t i o n f e s t i v a l ............................................... 29 P u rp o s e s and O b j e c t i v e s o f t h e C o m p e titio n F e s t i v a l ...................................................................................3 0 P la n n in g th e

fe s tiv a l

.........................................................

31

S e ttin g th e

d a t e s ................................................................... 3 1

P rocurem ent

o f A d j u d i c a t o r s .......................................... 3 2

D u t i e s o f t h e F e s t i v a l C h a ir m a n F e s t i v a l C o m m itte e s

..........................

33

........................................................

34

T h e f e s t i v a l b u l l e t i n s ..............................

43

T h e f i r s t b u l l e t i n ...............................................................4 4 The s e c o n d b u l l e t i n ...............................................................4 7 T he t h i r d b u l l e t i n .............................................................. 4& The p o s t f e s t i v a l b u l l e t i n ‘ .......................................... 4 9 A d j u d i c a t o r s ’ comment s h e e t s

....................................

49

vi CHAPTER

PAGE

N o n -c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l s The I l l i n o i s

.

. . .......................................... 49

P l a n ....................................................................50

The O r a n g e C o u n ty P l a n ................................... IV

SIGHT READING IN THE MUSIC FESTIVAL . . . . . .

50 53

O r g a n i z a t i o n a n d M a n ag e m en t o f t h e S i g h t R ead in g P o r t i o n o f t h e

F e stiv a l

.....................

54

M u s i c ...................................................................................................55 Room a n d E q u i p m e n t ...............................................................56 S t a f f o f p e r s o n s i n c h a r g e .......................................... 57 P r o c e d u r e ........................................................................................ 5$ R u l e s a n d I n s t r u c t i o n s .....................................................5$ A u d i e n c e .................................................................

59

The a d j u d i c a t o r s ................................................................... 6 0 V

THE MARCHING BAND IN FESTIVAL COMPETITION . . .

62

P la n n in g f o r t h e m a rc h in g f e s t i v a l and m a s s e d b a n d ..............................................................................63 M a r c h i n g B a n d Comment S h e e t s .....................................64 A d j u d i c a to r s , tim e l i m i t ,

eq u ip m en t a n d

c a d e n c e ....................................................... . . . . . .

66

P h y s i c a l R e q u ire m e n ts o f t h e M a rch in g F i e l d

67

B le a c h e r s or te m p o ra ry s e a t s

...............................

67

....................................................

67

P u b lic a d d re ss

sy ste m

F i e l d t e l e p h o n e ..................................................................

63

v ii CHAPTER

PAGE

T he c o n d u c t o r Ts p o d i u m .............................. 6 $ 69

F oo d a r r a n g e m e n t s .............................................

70

.

The p a r a d e .... .....................................

The m a r c h i n g f e s t i v a l a n d m a s s e d b a n d c o n c e r t .................................................................. 71 V I STANDARDS OF ADJUDICATION AND THEIR Common e r r o r s i n a d j u d i c a t i o n Q u a litie s

IMPROVEMENT

73

...............................

73

o f t h e C o m p e te n t A d j u d i c a t o r

NSBOVA A d j u d i c a t o r s ’ Comment S h e e t s How may a d j u d i c a t i o n

.

75

. . . .

75

T he c l i n i c

76

..............................................

77

be im p ro v e d ?

The a d j u d i c a t o r s c l i n i c

.

T y p e s o f a d j u d i c a t o r s c l i n i c s ................77 P l a n n i n g an A d j u d i c a t i o n C l i n i c

. . . . . .

7$

The m u s i c w o r k s h o p .............................................. 79 W hat i s a m u s i c w o r k s h o p ? ..........................79 V I I SUMMARY

y CONCLUSIONS f

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

...

$2

S u m m a r y ........................................................................32 C o n c l u s i o n s ..............................................................33 R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s ....................................................34 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... A P P E N D IX ................................................................................................. 90

£6

THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF MUSIC FESTIVALS IN CALIFORNIA

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED S in c e 1930 m u sic f e s t i v a l s

in C a li f o r n ia sc h o o ls have

g r e a t l y i n c r e a s e d i n s i z e and n u m b er. of a s ta te

B ecause of th e

la c k

o r g a n i z a t i o n an d f e s t i v a l c o m m itte e t o a i d i n t h e

in te rp re ta tio n

o f n a t i o n a l rec o m m e n d atio n s a s w e ll a s h e l p ­

i n g t o f i t t h e s e reco m m e n d atio n s to l o c a l c o n d i t i o n s ,

in d i­

v i d u a l b o a r d s se e m e d c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e i r own p r o b l e m s o n l y . W it h t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a s t a t e

fe s tiv a l

c o m m itte e t h e

c h a n c e s now seem g o o d f o r i n c r e a s e d e f f i c i e n c y a n d u n d e r ­ s t a n d i n g f r o m t h e n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n down t h r o u g h t h e d is tric t on t h e

and l o c a l b o a r d s .

I t w o u ld seem t h a t a s t a t e m e n t

o r g a n i z a t i o n an d m anagem ent o f a l l su c h f e s t i v a l s

m ig h t s e rv e a s a h e l p f u l s te p I. S ta te m e n t stu d y

(1 ) t o

of th e

in fu rth e rin g

such c o o r d i n a ti o n .

THE PROBLEM

p ro b iem .

I t w as t h e

pu rp o se o f t h i s

p re s e n t a f le x ib le b u t o p e ra tiv e

o r g a n i z a t i o n an d m a n a g e m e n t o f m u s i c f e s t i v a l s and

(2) to

p re se n t th e p rin c ip a l ste p s in th e

ta k e s p la c e ;

and

o u t l i n e on t h e in C a lifo rn ia ; fe s tiv a l as it

(3 ) t o d i s c u s s th e a d j u d i c a t i o n o f f e s t i v a l s

a n d s u g g e s t how i t

may b e i m p r o v e d .

2 T h is p ro b le m d i v i d e s i t s e l f c h a n n e ls

in to th e fo llo w in g

of in v e stig a tio n :

1.

D e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m p e t i t i o n - f e s t i v a l s .

2.

O r g a n i z a t i o n and m anagem ent o f t h e m u sic f e s t i v a l .

3*

S i g h t r e a d i n g i n t h e m u sic f e s t i v a l .

if*

The m a r c h i n g b a n d i n f e s t i v a l c o m p e t i t i o n .

5*

S ta n d a r d s o f a d j u d i c a t i o n and t h e i r im p ro v e m e n t.

6*

A p p e n d ix .

An a d j u d i c a t o r s D i r e c t o r y

fo r

re m a in d e r o f th e t h e s i s .

U nder d e v e lo p ­

C a lifo rn ia . O u tlin e

o f th e

m ent o f m u sic c o m p e t i t i o n f e s t i v a l s

th e e ig h ty -e ig h t f e s t iv a l

e v e n ts a s re c o g n iz e d by th e N a tio n a l S ch o o l Band, O r c h e s tra and V ocal A s s o c ia tio n a r e l i s t e d .

S c h o o l s may e n t e r f e s t i v a l

c o m p e t i t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h ic h i s b a s e d on s c h o o l e n r o l l m e n t s .

E l i g i b i l i t y , m u sic r e q u i r e m e n t s , and

aw ard s a re c a r e f u l l y c o n s id e re d s in c e th e y a l l a r e v i t a l l y e s s e n t i a l to w a rd a w e ll p la n n e d and e x e c u te d c o m p e titio n m u sic f e s t i v a l . A m u sic f e s t i v a l to

its

is a c tu a lly

c o n c l u s i o n w i t h m any d e t a i l s

The f o u r f e s t i v a l b u l l e t i n s N o n -c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l s

o r g a n i z e d and m anaged on e a c h m a j o r e v e n t .

a re rev ie w e d s t e p by s t e p .

are b r ie f ly tre a te d

in t h i s

stu d y

s i n c e th e m ajo r p o r t i o n o f r e s e a r c h h a s b e e n d e v o te d to t h e

3 t y p e o f f e s t i v a l w h ic h a v e r y l a r g e m a j o r i t y se em t o

p re fe r to

e n t e r , n a m e ly t h e

of th e

c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l .

The i m p o r t a n c e o f s i g h t r e a d i n g i n t h e fe s tiv a l

is

stre sse d

sc h o o ls

i n C h a p t e r IV*

c o m p e titio n

T a c t f u l and w e ll p la n n e d

a d m i n i s t r a t io n o f s i g h t re a d in g i s a l l im p o rta n t* The f e s t i v a l p a r a d e , m a r c h i n g b a n d c o m p e t i t i o n a n d t h e m assed band c o n c e rt i s by s te p .

p la n n e d and c a r r i e d th ro u g h s te p

P h y sic a l re q u ire m e n ts of th e

e n t i r e p rogram a r e

lis te d • The q u a l i t i e s

o f t h e c o m p e te n t a d j u d i c a t o r a r e d i s ­

c u s s e d and s t a n d a r d s o f a d j u d i c a t i o n r e v ie w e d i n t h e l i g h t o f how j u d g i n g may b e i m p r o v e d i n C a l i f o r n i a f e s t i v a l s * Some common e r r o r s i n

ju d g in g a r e a ls o

in c lu d e d .

L is tin g

o f t h e NSBOVA A d j u d i c a t o r s Comment S h e e t s an d how t o

o rd er

th e m b y co d e fro m t h e n a t i o n a l o f f i c e

i s fo llo w e d by a

d i s c u s s i o n o f c l i n i c s and w orkshops*

A u t h o r i t i e s se e m t o

d e f i n i t e l y a g re e t h a t t h i s ty p e o f a c t i v i t y an im p ro v ed ty p e

can r e s u l t

in

o f a d m in is tr a tio n in our f e s t iv a ls *

An A d j u d i c a t o r s D i r e c t o r y f o r C a l i f o r n i a

c o n sistin g

o f t h e n a m e s o f p e o p l e who h a v e s u c c e s s f u l l y j u d g e d o n e o r m o re m u s ic f e s t i v a l s a n d t h e i r p o s i t i o n s , a p p e a r a s a n A p p e n d ix . A su m m a ry , c o n c l u s i o n s d r a w n f r o m t h e r e s e a r c h a n d re c o m m e n d atio n s f o r f u t u r e s tu d y c lo s e th e t h e s i s .

4 Im p o rta n c e o f t h e s t u d y .

I n 1930 t h e r e w ere a b o u t

a d o z e n c o m p e t i t i o n m u sic f e s t i v a l s i n C a l i f o r n i a m e n ta ry and se c o n d a ry w ere in v o lv e d .

sc h o o ls.

e le ­

O n ly a f e w h u n d r e d s t u d e n t s

I n 1949-50 o v e r f i f t y

in te r-sc h o o l f e s tiv a ls

w ere h e ld w ith a t o t a l o f o v e r 4 0 ,0 0 0 s t u d e n t s p l a y i n g o r sin g in g

i n some c o m p e t i t i v e o r n o n - c o m p e t i t i v e m a n n e r .

M ost

o f t h e s e o c c a s io n s w ere o f a l o c a l n a t u r e , e i t h e r i n t e r - c i t y o r am ong s c h o o l s r e p r e s e n t i n g a s m a l l a r e a .

H o w ev e r c o u n t y

a n d some s o r t o f d i s t r i c t c o m p e t i t i o n h a s g r e a t l y

in c re a s e d

i n s c o p e an d i m p o r t a n c e , p a r t i c u l a r l y d u r i n g t h e p a s t t e n y ears.

O n l y a s r e c e n t l y a s 1 950 h a s t h e s t a t e

N o rth , C e n tr a l,

and S o u th e r n a r e a m e e t s .

a u th o riz e d

U n t i l 1 9 4 $ when

t h e C a l i f o r n i a M u s ic E d u c a t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n w a s f o r m e d a s a p art

o f t h e C a l i f o r n i a - W e s t e r n D i v i s i o n o f t h e M u s ic

E d u c a t o r s N a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e t h e r e se e m e d t o c o o r d i n a t i o n am ong C a l i f o r n i a m u s i c f e s t i v a l s . iz a tio n s

o b s e rv e d reco m m en d atio n s l a i d

c e r ta in d eg ree. of th e

O t h e r s se e m e d t o t a l l y

be a la c k o f Some o r g a n ­

down b y MENC t o a or p a r t i a l l y

ig n o ra n t

e x i s t e n c e o f a n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n and m e re ly

a d o p t e d r u l e s w h ic h se e m e d t o T h e re was a t o t a l

la c k

fit

of s t a t e

fram ew o rk on c o n t e s t s and

t h e i r lo c a l c o n d itio n s.

a g e n c y t o p a s s down t h e

fe s tiv a ls

a s s e t up by t h e

N a t i o n a l S c h o o l Band O r c h e s t r a a n d V o c a l A s s o c i a t i o n o r g a n ­ i z e d w i t h i n MENC f o r t h i s

v ery p u rp o se.

5 W ith in th e

c o m p a r a t i v e l y new GMEA s t r u c t u r e a

d e f i n i t e p la n f o r th e

c o o r d i n a t i o n o f f e s t i v a l s now e x i s t s .

The s e c o n d v i c e p r e s i d e n t s e r v e s a s t h e

sta te

fe s tiv a l

c h a i r m a n a n d t h u s p r e s i d e s f o r two- y e a r s a s c h a i r m a n o f a sta te

f e s t i v a l b o ard c o n s is tin g

o ffic e rs

c o n sistin g

of th re e

o th e r e le c te d

o f a s t a t e band c h a irm a n , a s t a t e

o r c h e s t r a c h a irm a n , and a s t a t e

c h o r a l ch airm a n *

b o a rd m e e ts upon c a l l by t h e

sta te

d raw up f e s t i v a l p o l i c y .

i s th e d u ty of th e

and h i s

b o a r d m em b ers t o

It

v isit

fe s tiv a l

ch airm an t o c h airm a n

a s many m u s i c f e s t i v a l s

p o s s i b l e in o r d e r t o be f a m i l i a r w ith be a b le to

T h is

as

c o n d i t i o n s and t o

i n t e l l i g e n t l y make r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t o t h e CMEA

b o a r d f o r t h e i r im p ro v e m e n t. N a t i o n a l M u s ic E d u c a t o r s C o n f e r e n c e t h r o u g h i t s N a t i o n a l S c h o o l B an d , O r c h e s t r a and V o c al A s s o c i a t i o n e x ­ te n d s i t s

c o m p le te reco m m en d atio n s f o r t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n

and o p e r a t i o n o f m u sic f e s t i v a l s

in a m anual e x p r e s s ly

d ra w n u p f o r t h e p u r p o s e b y s e v e r a l l e a d e r s o f t h e i z a t i o n who h a v e s p e c i a l i z e d o n t h e w h ic h he h a s w r itte n .^ * su b je c ts in t h i s

o rg an ­

p a r t i c u l a r p h ase upon

N a tu ra lly th e tre a tm e n t

of a l l

e x t e n s i v e a n d e x t r e m e l y v a l u a b l e w o rk

NSBQVA M a n u a l f o r I n t e r s c h o l a s t i c A c t i v i t i e s i n t h e F i e l d o f 1 M u s i c , 1$50~'(‘N a t i o n a l S c h o o l B a n d , O r c h e s t r a a n d V o c a l X s s o c i a t i o n ) , C h i c a g o , 12$ p p .

6

m ust be g e n e r a l enough i n n a t u r e th e

e n tire n a tio n .

seasons, tio n

it

so a s t o b e o f v a lu e t o

B e c a u s e o f f a c t o r s s u c h a s c l i m a t e and

g eo g rap h y , a d m i n i s t r a t io n , is

so m e tim e s d i f f i c u l t

t h e n a t i o n a l m anual t o an d a s a r e s u l t

f in a n c e , and t r a n s p o r t a -

f o r a g iv e n s t a t e t o

th e l e t t e r .

It

i s w ith t h i s

fo llo w th o u g h t

of a r a th e r in te n s iv e stu d y o f C a lifo rn ia

fe s tiv a ls th a t th is

w o rk i s w r i t t e n .

II.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED

C o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l .

When s o l o s , e n s e m b l e s , b a n d s ,

o r c h e s t r a s o r c h o r u s e s p e r f o r m b e f o r e o n e o r m o re a d j u d i c a ­ t o r s who h a v e b e e n

engaged to

g i v e o r a l c o m m e n ts o r w r i t t e n

c r i t i c i s m s on e i t h e r p r i n t e d fo rm s o r p l a i n p a p e r , and a ra tin g

of such p erfo rm an ce i s

re c o m m e n d e d b y t h e a d j u d i c a t o r s ,

th e p erfo rm an ce i s a p a r t o f w hat i s fe s tiv a l.

The r a t i n g may b e a I ,

a h ig h ly s u p e rio r, av erag e,

su p e rio r,

s e l f .

III,

o r b e lo w

o r p e r h a p s som e o t h e r s y s t e m o f g r a d e d m a r k i n g .

i s u rg ed t o th in k The r e s u l t s

announced or p o s te d .

in

The

a g a i n s t o t h e r e n t r i e s bub s o m e ­

of it

a s b e i n g o n l y w i t h !,o n e Ts

such c a s e s a r e

o fte n not p u b lic ly

The a d j u d i c a t o r s h e e t s a r e m e r e l y m a i l e d

t o t h e d i r e c t o r a n d he p a s s e s th e m o n t o g ro u p .

I V , V, o r may b e

e x c e lle n t, good, f a i r ,

c o m p e titio n i s n o t n e c e s s a r ily tim e s i t

II,

known a s t h e c o m p e t i t i o n

th e

stu d e n t o r

7 N o n -c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l .

Many f e s t i v a l s a r e o f

t h e m assed ty p e w h ere s t u d e n t s a r e s e l e c t e d from t h e v a r i o u s sc h o o ls

( u s u a l l y oh a p ro r a t a b a s i s

so t h e r e w i l l b e

a b s o l u t e f a i r n e s s b e tw e e n t h e l a r g e r s c h o o l s and t h o s e w h ic h h a v e l i m i t e d

e n ro llm e n ts)

fo r la rg e band,

o r c h o r a l g ro u p s w h ic h h a v e b een c h o se n t o fe s tiv a l

c o n c e rt*

in d ire c tin g th e se c o n d u c to r i s

o rc h e stra

a p p ea r a t th e

S o m e ti m e s l o c a l d i r e c t o r s t a k e t u r n s g ro u p s.

O c c a s i o n a l l y some p r o m i n e n t

im p o rte d t o d i r e c t .

The s t u d e n t s , u s u a l l y

c h o s e n on m e r i t

i n c l u d i n g p o s s i b l y some f a c t o r s b e s i d e s

m u sic a l a b i l i t y

its e lf,

is

are p re-reh earsed

so t h a t a l l m u s ic

q u i t e th o ro u g h ly p re p a re d b e fo re th e day o f t h e f e s t i v a l .

The s t u d e n t s a r e b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r a t t h e h o s t s c h o o l f o r o n e o r m o re m a s s e d r e h e a r s a l s b e f o r e t h e

f e s tiv a l c o n c e rt.

T h e y may o r may n o t p e r f o r m a s i n d i v i d u a l g r o u p s w i t h o u t a d j u d i c a t i o n o r r a t i n g s b e f o r e th e f i n a l m assed n u m b e rs. No c o m p e t i t i o n e x i s t s a n d t h e r e i s u s u a l l y n o a d j u d i c a t o r a l t h o u g h o n e o r m o re may b e e n g a g e d f o r g e n e r a l c o m m e n ts . A d ju d ic a to r. ence to a t th e

T h i s t e r m h a s b eco m e common i n r e f e r ­

t h o s e who j u d g e a t m u s i c end o f t h i s

w o rk i s

D ire c to ry fo r C a lif o r n ia .

fe s tiv a ls .

The A p p e n d ix

c o m p o s e d o f an A d j u d i c a t o r s ’ T h is i s f o r t h e u s e o f f e s t i v a l

b o a r d s and c h a irm e n i n c h a r g e o f p r o c u r i n g e x p e r i e n c e d

8

ju d g e s.

M o st a d j u d i c a t o r s a r e p e r s o n s s t i l l a c t i v e i n

s c h o o l m u sic o f h ig h s c h o o l s , c o l l e g e s , a s s u p e r v is o r s or c o n s u l t a n t s . in

c ity

u n iv e rs itie s,

sy s te m s.

or

A few a r e

f o r m e r s c h o o l men now e n g a g e d i n c o m m e r c i a l w o r k , u s u a l l y some p h a s e o f m u s i c m e r c h a n d i s i n g . The a d j u d i c a t i o n c l i n i c . t y p e s o f m u sic c l i n i c s , stu d y i s th e

th e

W h ile t h e r e a r e

one u s u a l l y a l l u d e d t o

p la n n e d d e m o n s tra tio n c l i n i c .

d ir e c to r s , and a l l p erso n s in te r e s te d

in th is

M u s ic t e a c h e r s ,

a re in v ite d to h e ar

s o l o i s t s and g ro u p s s i m u l a t e a r e a l f e s t i v a l . d i r e c t o r who i s a s p e c i a l i s t h i r e d f o r t h e out h is

sev eral

The c l i n i c

o c c a sio n ,

fills

comment s h e e t s a n d e x p l a i n s h i s w o rk i n d e t a i l ,

a lw a y s t e l l i n g

why h e h a s w r i t t e n w h a t h e h a s *

Q u e stio n s

b y t h e a u d i e n c e o f d i r e c t o r s a n d t e a c h e r s may f o l l o w . The m u s i c w o r k s h o p . to are

im p ro v e c h o r a l

One o f t h e m o s t e f f e c t i v e w a y s

or in s tru m e n ta l i n s t r u c t i o n

in -se rv ic e tra in in g

d is c u s s in g and e v a lu a tin g

For in s ta n c e ,

sc h o o ls

e x p e r i e n c e s w h e r e m u s ic t e a c h e r s

and d i r e c t o r s a c t u a l l y t a k e p a r t i n t h e

be a s s p e c ific

in th e

of m a te ria ls .

sin g in g , p la y in g , W o rk s h o p s s h o u l d

a s p o s s ib le a s t o t h e i r p u rp o se and g o a l . one o r m o r e o b j e c t i v e s w h i c h may b e s t r e s s e d

a r e m a t e r i a l s , t e a c h i n g t e c h n i q u e s , and c la s s r o o m p r o c e d u r e s .

9 MENC *

M u s ic E d u c a t o r s N a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e , a d e ­

p a rtm e n t o f t h e N a tio n a l E d u c a tio n A s s o c ia tio n , a d m i n i s t e r s , a d v is e s , m anages and o r g a n iz e s a l l

s c h o o l m u sic a c t i v i t i e s

i n t h e U n ite d S t a t e s and H a w a ii. NSBOVA*

N a t io n a l S c h o o l B and, O r c h e s tr a and V ocal

A s s o c i a t i o n , a n o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h i n MENC, s p o n s o r s a l l in te r s c h o la s tic a c t i v i t i e s in th e f ie ld C a lifo rn ia -W e ste rn * MENC w h i c h i s

One o f t h e

o f m u s ic * six se c tio n s of

c o m p rise d o f A r iz o n a , C a l i f o r n i a , H a w a ii,

N e v a d a a n d U ta h * CMEA* o ffic ia l sta te

C a l i f o r n i a M u s ic E d u c a t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n , t h e te a c h e rs a s s o c ia tio n ,

is

an a f f i l i a t e

of

C a l i f o r n i a - W e s t e r n a n d MENC* CSBQA* c ia tio n ,

C a lifo rn ia

S c h o o l Band a n d O r c h e s t r a A s s o ­

S o u th e rn D i s t r i c t , th e

in stru m e n ta l o rg a n iz a tio n

o f s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , w o rk s i n c l o s e c o o p e r a t i o n w ith CMEA a n d t h e p a r e n t SCVA.

o rg a n iz a tio n s.

S o u th e rn C a l i f o m i a

V ocal A s s o c ia tio n #

The

o f f i c i a l c h o r a l o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , w orks i n c l o s e c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h CMEA a n d t h e p a r e n t

o rg a n iz a tio n s.

10 R e v ie w o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e a n d r e l a t e d

stu d ie s*

Much

h as been w r itte n

about b o th c o m p e titio n and n o n -c o m p e titio n

m u sic f e s t i v a l s ,

t h e i r v a lu e s and w e a k n e sse s*

e x te n s iv e b ib lio g r a p h y n e a r th e end o f t h i s some o f t h e b e s t a u t h o r i t i e s a n d l i t e r a t u r e * research

h a s b e e n d o n e on C a l i f o r n i a

in re g a rd to

A ra th e r

stu d y p r e s e n ts H ow ever l i t t l e

fe s tiv a ls ,

p a rtic u la rly

t h e i r o r g a n i z a t i o n and m an a g em en t.

S arah E liz a b e th C a lif o r n ia in 1947•

Evans

o

d isc u sse d f e s t i v a l s

of n o rth e rn

A s u rv e y o f C a l i f o r n i a m u sic f e s t i v a l s

w a s m ade i n 1 9 4 4 b y M i n o r *3

S a r a h E l i z a b e t h E v a n s , " S c h o o l M u s ic F e s t i v a l s i n N o rth e rn C a l i f o r n i a , " (u n p u b lis h e d M a s te r’ s t h e s i s , S ta n fo rd U n i v e r s i t y , P a lo A l t o , 19 4 7 )* ^ C a r l W* M i n o r , " C a l i f o r n i a M u s ic F e s t i v a l S u r v e y , " ( u n p u b lis h e d M a s te r ’ s t h e s i s , S t a t e C o lle g e o f W ash in g to n , P u llm a n , 1 9 4 4 )•

CHAPTER I I

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITION FESTIVALS F o r a p e r i o d o f o v e r t w e n t y y e a r s b e f o r e W o rld War II

i n t e r - s c h o o l m u sic c o m p e t i t i o n w as c o n d u c te d i n

or d is tr ic t,

c o u n ty

s t a t e and n a t i o n a l f e s t i v a l s u n d e r t h e

sp o n so r­

s h ip o f th e N a tio n a l S c h o o l B and, O r c h e s tr a and V ocal A sso­ c ia tio n .

A ll lo c a l f e s t i v a l

in g s w ere e n t i t l e d t o

e n tr ie s g a in in g s u p e rio r r a t ­

e n te r s ta te

c o m p e titio n w ith l i k e

r e c o g n i t i o n b e in g g iv e n i n t h e n a t i o n a l c o n t e s t s w h ic h was c a rrie d

on i n t e n

re g io n s

c o v e rin g th e

e n tir e c o u n try .

B ecause of t r a v e l l i m i t a t i o n s d u rin g th e w ar th e r e g i o n a l c o m p e t i t i o n was d i s c o n t i n u e d . h a s v o te d to fo r th e eral

p e r m a n e n t l y make t h e

S i n c e t h e n NSBOVA

se v e ra l s ta te s re sp o n sib le

c o n tin u a n c e o f c o m p e ti t io n - f e s t i v a l s u n d e r t h e gen­

sp o n so rsh ip of th e p a re n t

o rg a n iz a tio n .

t h e n b e c o m e s a c l e a r i n g h o u s e on a l l m a tte r s b e in g v i t a l l y g e n e ra l s e r v ic e to It

in te re s te d

NSBOVA now

c o ra p e titio n -fe s tiv a l

in u n ifo rm p ro c e d u re s and

th e s ta te s .

i s t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s w o rk t o a c c e p t a s c l o s e l y

a s p o s s i b l e t h e g u i d a n c e a n d p o l i c i e s a s s e t f o r t h b y NSBOVA a n d a t t h e sam e t i m e r e c o g n i z e a n y d i v e r g e n t f a c t o r s d u e t o g eo g rap h y ,

a d m in istra tio n ,

fin a n c e or o th e r re a s o n s ,

o p e ra tin g of C a lifo rn ia f e s t i v a l s .

in th e

12 RECOGNIZED EVENTS IN COMPETITION-FESTIVALS ( T h i s l i s t o f e v e n t s i s t h e sam e a s h a s b e e n r e c o g ­ n i z e d n a t i o n a l l y f o r many y e a r s . In th e i n t e r e s t s o f n a t i o n - w i d e s t a n d a r d s a n d u n i f o r m i t y t h e sam e n u m b e r i n g sc h em e i s u s e d . Few l o c a l f e s t i v a l s c an in c lu d e a l l e v e n ts h e re in l i s t e d b u t a r e u rg ed to o f f e r a s m any a s p o s s i b l e . ) B a n d O r c h e s t r a , and V o cal E v e n ts C la ss A B a n d s Event C l a s s A B and S i g h t R e a d i n g Event C la s s A M a rch in g B a n d s Event C l a s s A O r c h e s t r a s ............................................................................... E v e n t C la s s A O rc h e s tra S ig h t R e a d i n g Event C l a s s B B a n d s ......................................................................................... E v e n t C l a s s B B and S i g h t R e a d i n g Event C la s s B M a rch in g B a n d s Event C la ss B O r c h e s t r a s Event G la s s B O r c h e s t r a S i g h t R e ad in g ........................................ E v e n t G la ss C B a n d s Event C l a s s C Band S i g h t R e a d i n g Event C l a s s C M a rch in g B a n d s Event C la ss C O r c h e s t r a s Event C la s s C O rc h e s tra S ig h t R e a d i n g Event C l a s s e s D a n d E B a n d s ....................................................................... E v e n t C l a s s e s D a n d E Band S ig jh t R e a d i n g ........................................ E v e n t C l a s s e s D and E M a rc h in g B a n d s Event C l a s s e s D an d E O r c h e s t r a s Event C la s s e s D and E O r c h e s tr a S ig h tR e a d i n g Event M ix e d C h o r u s e s ...........................................................................................E v e n t M ix e d C h r o u s S i g h t R e a d i n g ......................................................... E v e n t F e m a le C h o r u s e s ..................................................................................... E v e n t F e m a le C h o r u s S i g h t R e a d i n g Event M a le C h o r u s e s ............................................................. E vent M a le C h o r u s S i g h t R e a d i n g ............................................................ E v e n t E n sem b le E v e n ts

No. 1 N o. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 N o .1 0 No . 1 1 N o. 12 N o. 13 N o . 14 N o. 15 No .1 6 N o . 17 N o .1 8 N o . 19 N o . 20 N o . 21 N o . 22 N o . 23 N o .24 N o . 25 N o . 26

(B an d )

W oodwind T r i o s .................................................................. E v e n t Woodwind Q u a r t e t s .................................................. Event F lu te Q u a rte ts Event M ix e d C l a r i n e t Q u a r t e t s . . . .............................................E v e n t

N o . 27 N o .28 N o . 29 N o . 30

13 B - f l a t C l a r i n e t Q u a r t e t s ......................................................... E v e n t N o . 31 Woodwind Q u i n t e t s ........................................................................ E v e n t N o . 32 S a x o p h o n e Q u a r t e t s ........................... , ................................... • E v e n t N o. 33 S a x o p h o n e S e x t e t s ................................................................... * E v e n t N o . 3 4 T rom bon e Q u a r t e t s ............................................................................E v e n t N o . 33 F r e n c h H o rn Q u a r t e t s E v e n t N o . 36 B r a s s Q u a r t e t s ................................................... E v e n t No. 37 B rass Q u in te ts ...................................................................... E v e n t N o. 3# E v e n t N o. 39 B r a s s S e x t e t s .............................................. T rum pet Q u a r t e t - T r i o s w i t h o r w ith o u t a c c o m p a n i m e n t .................................................................................E v e n t N o . 40 T ru m p e t T r i o w i t h p i a n o .................................................... . E v e n t N o. 41 X y lo p h o n e -M a rim b a s E v e n t N o. 42 Drum E n s e m b l e s E v e n t N o. 43 E n sem b le E v e n ts

(O rc h e s tra )

S t r i n g T r i o s ...................................................................................... E v e n t ............................................................................ E v e n t S tr in g Q u a rte ts P i a n o Q u a r t e t s ......................................................................................E v e n t S trin g Q u a r t e t s E vent S t r i n g S e x t e t s ................................. E vent

No. No. N o. N o. N o.

44 45 46 if7 4&

E n s e m b le E v e n t s ( V o c a l ) M ix e d S m a l l E n s e m b l e s ................................................................. E v e n t G i r l s 1 S m a ll E n se m b les . ....................................................... E v e n t B o y s ' S m a l l E n s e m b l e s ................................................................. E v e n t

N o. 49 N o. 50 N o. 51

S o lo E v e n ts (B and) D - f la t P ic c o lo s ............................................................................. E v e n t N o. 52 C P ic c o lo s . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . E v e n t N o . 53 F l u t e s .......................................................................................................... E v e n t N o . 5 4 O boes E v e n t N o . 55 E n g l i s h H orns E v e n t N o . 56 B assoons . . E v e n t N o . 57 E -fla t C la rin e ts E v e n t N o . 56 B - f l a t C l a r i n e t s ................................................................................ E v e n t N o . 59 B ass C l a r i n e t s .............................................E v e n t N o . 6 0 A lto C l a r i n e t s E v e n t N o. 6 1 E - f l a t A l t o S a x o p h o n e s ......................................................... " • E v e n t N o . 62 B - f l a t Tenor S axophones E v e n t N o. 63 ................................................................... E v e n t N o . 6 4 B a rito n e Saxophones

14 B a s s S a x o p h o n e s ................................. • Event C o r n e t s ..................................................................................................... E v e n t F r e n c h H o r n s ..........................* ........................................................... E v e n t T rom bones .............................. E vent B a r i t o n e s ................................................................................................E v e n t T u b a s .......................................................................................................... E v e n t J t y l o p h o n e - M a r i m b a s ........................................................................... E v e n t S hare D r u m s Event V ib r a H arp — C e l e s t e Event S t u d e n t Band C o n d u c t o r s .................................................... • E v e n t F l u e g e l h o r n s ........................................................................................ E v e n t B a to n T w i r l i n g Event S o lo E v e n ts

65 66 67

68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

(O rc h e stra )

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88

CLASSIFICATION OF SCHOOLS B ands, O rc h e s tra s , C h o ru ses* c a tio n s a p p ly t o

p a rtic ip a tin g bands,

The e n r o l l m e n t o f t h e

The f o l l o w i n g o rc h e stra s,

s c h o o l a t th e end o f th e

c la s s ifi­ and c h o ru s e s .

f i r s t m o n th o f

th e sc h o o l y e a r s h a l l be th e o f f i c i a l e n ro llm e n t of t h a t school fo r th e c u rre n t y e a r.

15 C l a s s A*

S c h o o l s w i t h an e n r o l l m e n t o f 7 5 1 o r m o r e i n

g rad es 9 to

12 i n c l u s i v e l y ,

o r 10 t o

12 i n c l u s i v e

(w here

so o r g a n iz e d ) * C la ss B.

S c h o o l s w i t h an e n r o l l m e n t o f 2 50 t o 750 i n

g rad es 9 to

12 i n c l u s i v e l y ,

o r 10 t o

12 i n c l u s i v e

(w here

so o rg a n iz e d )• C la s s C. 9 to

S c h o o l s w i t h an e n r o l l m e n t u n d e r 2 5 0 i n g r a d e s

12 i n c l u s i v e l y ,

o r 1 0 t o 12 i n c l u s i v e

(w h ere so

o rg a n iz e d )• OPTIONAL CLASSIFICATION PLAN^ C l a s s AA.

J u n i o r c o l l e g e s o r co m b in ed h ig h

sc h o o l and ju n io r

c o lle g e g ro u p s• C l a s s A*

H ig h

s c h o o ls w ith e n ro llm e n t o f 751

o r m o re i n

12

o r 10 t o 12 i n c l u s i v e l y (w h e re

so o rg a n iz e d )*

H ig h

s c h o o l s w i t h e n r o l l m e n t o f 250

t o 750 i n

o r 10 t o

so o r g a n i z e d ) *

g ra d e s 9 to C l a s s B*

g rad es 9 to C l a s s C* 9 to

12

H ig h

12 o r 10 t o

C l a s s D*

12 i n c l u s i v e l y (w h ere

s c h o o l s w i t h e n r o l l m e n t u n d e r 250 12 i n c l u s i v e l y

in grad es

( w h e r e so o r g a n i z e d ) *

H ig h s c h o o l g r o u p s o r g a n i z e d l e s s t h e n o ne y e a r

re g a rd le s s of e n ro llm e n t. C l a s s E*

J u n io r h ig h

sc h o o l g ro u p s;

E l- 4 y e a r J r . h ig h ,

^ C a l i f o r n i a S c h o o l Band a n d O r c h e s t r a A s s o c i a t i o n S o u t h e r n D i s t r i c t - F e s t i v a l B u l l e t i n $ 2 , 1 9 4 9 , .P* ! •

16 g ra d e s 7-10 i n c l u s i v e ;

E2- 3 y e a r J r . h ig h , g ra d e s 7 -9

in c lu siv e . C la ss F .

E l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s g r o u p s ; F I - g r o u p d ra w n f r o m

m ore t h a n

one s c h o o l i n t h e

sam e d i s t r i c t ;

fro m S t h g r a d e and b e lo w

(one s c h o o l ) ;

6 th

sc h o o l).

g r a d e an d b e lo w

(one

E n te rin g a h ig h e r c l a s s .

F 2 - g r o u p d ra w n

F 3 - g ro u p d raw n fro m

Any b a n d ,

o rc h e stra ,

or

c h o r u s may e n t e r a h i g h e r c l a s s i f i c a t i o n t h a n t h a t w h i c h it

o r d i n a r i l y w o u ld b e e n r o l l e d , b u t n o b a n d ,

o r c h o r u s may e n t e r a l o w e r c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n s may b e e n t e r e d i n

o rc h e stra , J u n io r h ig h

s e n io r h ig h sc h o o l

e v e n t s b u t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n m u st b e on t h e b a s i s a s o u tlin e d above.

J u n io r h ig h sc h o o l s tu d e n ts

o f e n ro llm e n t (o r s tu d e n ts

f r o m l o w e r g r a d e s ) may b e i n c l u d e d a s m em b ers o f a s e n i o r h ig h s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n b u t t h e s e s t u d e n t s m ust be in c lu d e d in th e t o t a l

e n ro llm e n t

of th e

o rg a n iz a tio n e n te rin g th e

fe s tiv a l. S o lo s and E n s e m b le s . u n u su a lly la r g e p a r tic i p a ti o n It

se em s w i s e t o

M o s t f e s t i v a l s now h a v e a n i n s o l o and e n sem b le e v e n t s .

sc h e d u le th e s e d iv is io n s

w ith c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s

in

acco rd an ce

fo r p a rtic ip a tin g bands, o rc h e stra s ,

and c h o ru se s a s o u tlin e d ab o v e.

17 E L IG IB IL IT Y The g e n e r a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a l l b a n d s , o rc h e stra s, d is tric t

s o l o i s t s and e n s e m b le s w h ic h p a r t i c i p a t e

or s ta te

in

e v e n ts a r e g iv e n i n th e fo llo w in g p a r a ­

g rap hs • C e rtific a tio n * r e s t s w ith th e th e

fe s tiv a l

R e sp o n sib ility fo r c e r tif ic a tio n c h a irm a n and h i s c o m m itte e u n d e r

sp o n so rin g o r g a n iz a tio n w ith f i n a l a u t h o r i t y r e s t i n g

i n th e

sta te

o rc h e stra ,

f e s t i v a l c o m m itte e .

M em bers o f a b a n d ,

o r c h o ru s m ust be bona f i d e p u p i l s o f th e

s c h o o l t h e y r e p r e s e n t and s h o u ld b e c e r t i f i e d p rin c ip a l as such.

by th e

W h ere p u p i l s o f a g i v e n s c h o o l p a r ­

t i c i p a t e w ith a g ro u p o f a h ig h e r c la s s i t t h a t a l l th e p a r t i c i p a ti n g

is

im p o rta n t

s t u d e n t s a r e from t h e

sam e

sc h o o l. M e m b e rsh ip . band, o rc h e stra , lo c a l,

T he d i r e c t o r o f a n y s o l o i s t ,

e n se m b le ,

o r c h o ru s w h ich e n t e r s c o m p e t i t i o n i n an y

c o u n ty , d i s t r i c t

o r s t a t e f e s t i v a l m u s t b e a m em ber

o f t h e a s s o c i a t i o n w h ic h s p o n s o r s t h e

fe s tiv a l.

If th is

s p o n s o r i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n i s n o t CMEA o r a d i s t r i c t t h e r e o f it

is

s tr o n g ly u rg ed t h a t a l l p a r t i c i p a t i n g

a m em ber o f CMEA d u r i n g t h e c u r r e n t y e a r .

d ir e c to r s be

13 Q u a lif ic a tio n th ro u g h re c o g n iz e d d i s t r i c t

c o m p e titio n *

B a n d s , O r c h e s t r a s and C h o r u s e s r e c e i v i n g D i v i s i o n I r a t i n g in re c o g n iz e d d i s t r i c t

c o m p e titio n o f th e

year s h a ll be e lig ib le

f o r th e

sam e s c h o o l y e a r .

sta te

cu rren t

(area)

school

c o m p e titio n th e

( B o a r d s o f C o n t r o l a r e e m p o w e re d t o

i n c r e a s e p a r t i c i p a t i o n by a c c e p t i n g g ro u p s w h ic h h a v e .r e ­ c e iv e d a D iv is io n I I r a t i n g

if,

in th e ir

ju d g m e n t, th e n e ed s

o f t h e i r t o t a l f e s t i v a l e f f o r t can be b e t t e r

s e r v e d by

d o in g s o .) S o lo s an d e n se m b le s m ust b e c e r t i f i e d a s h a v in g re c e iv e d a D iv isio n I r a tin g c o m p e titio n of th e c u rr e n t

in a re c o g n ize d d i s t r i c t

school y e a r.

M em b ersh ip i n o r g a n i z a t i o n s p a r t i c i p a t i n g in g e v e n t s .

At p r e s e n t

it

is n o t n ecessary th a t

in q u a lify ­ so lo ists

a n d m e m b e rs o f e n s e m b l e s b e m em b ers o f b a n d s , o r c h e s t r a s o r c h o r u s e s w h ic h h ave p a r t i c i p a t e d c o m p e titio n of th e

cu rren t school y ear.

of our f e s t i v a l s reach th e e ffic ie n c y

in a rec o g n iz e d d i s t r i c t When e n r o l l m e n t s

p o i n t w h e re t h e i r m anagem ent and

seem i n d a n g e r o f m a r k e d i m p a i r m e n t , i t

w o u ld

seem a d v i s a b l e t o f o l l o w t h e l e a d o f NSBOVA a n d i n s i s t t h a t a ll

s o l o i s t s a n d m e m b e rs o f e n s e m b l e s b e m e m b e rs o f b a n d s ,

o r c h e s t r a s o r c h o r u s e s w h ich h a v e p a r t i c i p a t e d n iz e d d i s t r i c t

c o m p e titio n o f th e

in a reco g ­

c u rre n t school y e a r.

19 B a to n t w i r l e r e l i g i b i l i t y .

Such c o m p e titio n i s

c o n f i n e d t o b a t o n t w i r l e r s who q u a l i f y t h r o u g h d i s t r i c t b a to n tw ir lin g c o m p e titio n s . h e ld by th e d i s t r i c t s , m ended b y t h e

I n c a s e no such e v e n t s a r e

a b a to n t w i r l e r p r o p e r l y recom ­

d i r e c t o r may b e e n t e r e d d i r e c t .

S tu d e n t

c o n d u cto r e l i g i b i l i t y .

c o m p e t i t i o n i s h e l d by t h e d i s t r i c t , who i s

I n c a s e no su ch a s tu d e n t c o n d u c to r

p r o p e r l y re c o m m e n d e d b y h i s t e a c h e r , may b e e n t e r e d

d ire c t• ENROLLMENTS B ands and o r c h e s t r a s :

Maximum p e r m i s s i b l e :

C la ss

A— 9 0 ; C l a s s B— &0; C l a s s C— 7 0 . C ho ruses:

( 1 ) M ix e d ( a c c o m p a n i e d o r u n a c c o m p a n i e d )

— m inim um 2 5 , maximum 1 0 0 ; maximum 5 0 ;

( 2 ) g i r l s ’ c h o r u s — minimum 2 0 ,

( 3 ) b o y s ’ c h o r u s — m inim um 1 6 , maximum 4 0 ;

(4 )

s m a l l v o c a l e n s e m b l e s — m inim um 3 , maximum 16* MUSIC REQUIREMENTS B ands. s e le c tio n s.

Each p a r t i c i p a t i n g b an d m u st p e rfo rm t h r e e NSB0VA r e q u i r e s t h a t a s t a n d a r d TTq u i c k - s t e p tf

o r " s t r e e t ” m a rc h b e p l a y e d a s t h e f i r s t n u m b e r b u t t h e C a lifo rn ia

S t a t e F e s t i v a l C o m m i t te e h a s d e p a r t e d s l i g h t l y

20 fro m t h i s

r u l i n g b y re c o m m e n d in g t h a t t h e

f i r s t band

s e l e c t i o n p la y e d b e e i t h e r a q u i c k - s t e p m arch o r a c h o r a l e * The s e c o n d a n d t h i r d

num bers a r e c h o se n fro m S e l e c t i v e and

A p p r o v e d C u m u l a t i v e L i s t s p u b l i s h e d b y NSBOVA* S in c e a b o u t 1945 t h e m a t t e r o f r e q u i r e d n u m b ers in C a l i f o r n i a f e s t i v a l s h a s b e e n a n e x t r e m e l y u n c e r t a i n on e* T he p r i n c i p a l r e a s o n s e e m s t o

b e t h a t d u r i n g t h e w a r no

e x t e n s i v e m u sic l i s t w as i s s u e d t o r e p l a c e t h e 1 9 4 3 ff*

T h is l i s t

"R edbook o f

w h ic h w as q u i t e c o m p l e t e a n d s a t i s f a c t o r y

t o a l l h a d becom e a l m o s t e x t i n c t b y t h i s t i m e , e v e n a t t h e m u sic d i s t r i b u t o r s * lish e d

T h e re w ere s u p p le m e n ta r y l i s t s

pub­

i n 1 9 4 7 , 1 9 4 $ , a n d 1949 b u t many m u s i c e d u c a t o r s

o b j e c t e d t o t h e s e on t h e g r o u n d s t h e y w e r e t o o b r i e f . is

tru e

t h a t m any f i n e B ecause of t h i s

new s e l e c t i o n s w e r e o m i t t e d . u n c e rta in ty

i n r e q u i r e d m u sic t h e

m a jo r ity of th e C a lif o r n ia

f e s t i v a l b o a rd s have been

e x t r e m e l y l i b e r a l and f a i r

in th e m a tte r o f c h o o sin g

f e s t i v a l num bers*

It

T h is n o t

o n ly h a s a p p l i e d t o w h a t m u sic

h a s been p la y e d b u t to th e g rad e or d i f f i c u l t y *

The d i r e c ­

t o r s h a v e b e en f a v o r e d i n m ost i n s t a n c e s w here an y d o u b t e x i s t e d on t h e

p a rt o f e ith e r a d ju d ic a to rs or f e s tiv a l

m anagem ent a s t o w h e th e r t h e m u sic p la y e d h a s b e e n o f s u f ­ fic ie n t

d iffic u lty .

T h e re h a v e b e en a few c a s e s w h e re a

21 g r o u p h a s b e e n c o u n t e d down o n e f u l l s t e p i n t h e i r because of fla g ra n t v io la tio n

o f t h e r u l e w h ic h r e q u i r e d

an o r g a n i z a t i o n to p la y m u sic w i t h in i t s P e rfo rm in g t i m e . not to

s e t up a n d c l e a r t h e F u ll s c o re s.

to

own c l a s s .

The t o t a l p e r f o r m i n g t i m e

exceed t h i r t y m in u te s,

ra tin g

sh a ll

i n c l u d i n g t h e tim e r e q u i r e d

sta g e .

I t is

urg ed t h a t

o b ta in a f u l l sc o re fo r a l l

ev ery d i r e c to r t r y

f e s t i v a l m u sic .

M ost o f

th e l e a d in g p u b l i s h e r s h ave c o o p e ra te d i n i s s u i n g such sco res fo r

a l l C l a s s A, B , a n d C s e l e c t i o n s .

O rc h e s tra s. tio n s .

It

NSBOVA l i s t

is

Each o r c h e s t r a s h a l l p l a y t h r e e

u rg ed th a t

one s e l e c t i o n be ch o sen fro m th e

o f r e q u i r e d n u m b e r s a n d tw o f r o m t h e S e l e c t i v e

o r C u m u la tiv e L i s t s .

It

is

o r c h e s t r a s p la y s e l e c t i v e L is t.

T h is i s

s till

s t r o n g l y re c o m m e n d e d t h a t a l l

one from t h e S t r i n g O r c h e s tr a

in th e

f o r m o f a r e c o m m e n d a t i o n how­

e v e r b e c a u s e m any d i r e c t o r s f e e l t h a t to

c e rta in

se le c ­

it

w o u ld b e u n f a i r

g r o u p s , p a r t i c u l a r l y b e g i n n e r o r c h e s t r a s and

th o s e w ith sm a ll s t r i n g NSBOVA r u l i n g

s e c tio n s , to

o f m ak in g t h e

P e rfo rm in g t im e .

fo rm a lly adopt th e

s t r i n g num ber c o m p u ls o ry .

The t o t a l p e r f o r m i n g t i m e s h a l l

b e t h e sam e a s f o r b a n d s , t h i r t y

m in u te s.

22 F u ll s c o re s * t o a lm o st a l l are h e a rtily

C o n d u c to rf s f u l l s c o r e s a r e a v a i l a b l e

d e sira b le

o rc h e stra l i t e r a t u r e .

re q u e ste d to

u se o n ly such s c o r e s .

s h o u l d b e t h o s e re c o m m e n d e d o r i f m ust in th e

The d i r e c t o r s

one i s

o p in io n o f th e a d ju d i c a t o r s ,

E d itio n s

su b s titu te d , i t have th e

sam e

m u sic a l m e r i t . L is te n in g p a r t i c i p a t i o n . in s tru m e n ta l groups l i s t e n t o is

an im p o rta n t

fe a tu re

up t o th e d i r e c t o r g irls

a re to

in th is is

It

is

re c o m m e n d e d t h a t a l l

o th e r g ro u p s p e rfo rm .

o f t h e m u sic f e s t i v a l and i s l a r g e l y

o f e ac h g ro u p a s t o w h e th e r h i s bo y s and

g e t t h e good to b e d e r iv e d fro m i t .

w o rk may b e f o u n d a S t u d e n t Ts C r i t i c i s m

fo r th e use of th e

d ir e c to r have t h i s

stu d e n t.

s h e e t o r one s i m i l a r t o

fe s tiv a l.

E lse w h e re S h e e t.

T h is

I t i s recom m ended t h a t t h e it

a n y q u a n t i t y d e s i r e d and d i s t r i b u t e d t o t h e th e y le a v e fo r th e

T h is

d u p lic a te d in

stu d e n ts b e fo re

I t i s n o t im p o rta n t w hat

r a t i n g s t h e s t u d e n t s g i v e t h e v a r i o u s o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h ic h th ey h e a r.

It

i s im p o r ta n t t h a t th e y h e a r th e m .

num ber o f s o l o s , stu d e n t is

The e x a c t

e n s e m b le s , b a n d s o r o r c h e s t r a s w h ic h each

r e q u ire d to

h e a r i s a m a tte r t o be d e c id e d by

each in d iv id u a l d i r e c t o r . M ix e d C h o r u s e s — r e q u i r e d n u m b e r s .

It

t h a t m ix e d c h o r u s a n d a c a p p e l l a g r o u p s s i n g

i s re c o m m e n d e d s e l e c t i o n s from

23 t h e NSBOVA C o m p e t i t i o n L i s t .

Two o r t h r e e a d d i t i o n a l

s e l e c t i o n s m ay b e c h o s e n b y t h e d i r e c t o r one o f t h e s e m ust b e su n g u n a c c o m p a n ie d .

and a t l e a s t In g e n e ra l, th e

sa m e may b e s a i d h e r e t h a t h a s a l r e a d y b e e n m e n t i o n e d r e ­ g a rd in g r e q u ir e d m u sic . w o rk i n s t r i v i n g iz a tio n s

to

Some f e s t i v a l s h a v e d o n e g o o d

a tta in th e s e sta n d a rd s.

O th e r o rg an ­

f e e l th e y a re n o t y e t rea d y to ta k e

and t h a t i t

w o u ld b e d e t r i m e n t a l t o t h e

i n t h e i r a r e a to a c t to o

soon i n t h i s

p o r t a n t t h i n g t o re m e m b e r i s t h a t s t a n d a r d and t h a t a l l

such s te p s

f e s t i v a l m ovem ent

reg ard .

The im ­

NSBOVA h a s s e t t h e

s h o u ld w ork to w a rd i t

as q u ic k ly

and s a f e l y a s p o s s i b l e . P e rfo rm in g t i m e . not exceed f i f te e n

The t o t a l p e r f o r m i n g t i m e s h a l l

m in u te s,

e n t e r i n g and l e a v i n g t h e

i n c l u d i n g tw o m i n u t e s f o r

sta g e .

M e m o riz a tio n o f m u s ic .

A ll m u sic m u st b e m a n o r iz e d .

A l l g r o u p s w h i c h d o n o t h a v e m u s i c m e m o r iz e d a r e t o b e p e n a l i z e d b y b e i n g p l a c e d down o n e d i v i s i o n . L is te n in g p a r t i c i p a t i o n . g a rd in g

a ll

The sam e may b e s a i d r e ­

c h o r a l g ro u p s a s h a s b e en m e n tio n e d f o r b a n d s

and o r c h e s t r a s .

The sam e S t u d e n t f s C r i t i c i s m

b e d u p l i c a t e d and u s e d .

S h e e t may

24

B o y sT G le e C l u b s , G i r l s T G le e C l u b s , M a d rig a l G roups *

A ll re q u ire m e n ts s h a l l be th e

sam e a s t h o s e f o r

m ix e d c h o r u s e s * S tu d e n t C o n d u c to rs * o r c h e s t r a , and v o c a l d i r e c t e i t h e r o r b o th

It

is

re c o m m e n d e d t h a t b a n d ,

stu d e n t c o n d u cto rs be p re p a re d to o f t h e nu m b ers l i s t e d

on s t a t e r e ­

q u ire d l i s t s . Wind a n d P e r c u s s i o n I n s t r u m e n t S o l o i s t s a n d E n se m b les— r e q u i r e d l i s t s * lis ts

It is

re c o m m e n d e d t h a t r e q u i r e d

be used* F u ll s c o re s *

E ach w in d e n s e m b l e m u s t p r o v i d e t h e

ju d g e w ith a f u l l sc o re* P e n a ltie s*

Wind a n d p e r c u s s i o n i n s t r u m e n t

an d e n se m b le s n o t p la y in g a s e l e c t i o n lis t

so lo ists

from t h e r e q u i r e d

o r s o l o i s t s who do n o t m e m o r iz e t h e i r n u m b e r s w i l l b e

c o u n t e d down one d i v i s i o n i n t h e i r r a t i n g . P e rfo rm in g tim e *

The t o t a l p e r f o r m i n g t i m e

sh a ll '

no t exceed s ix m in u te s. R e p e titio n be p e rm itte d .

o f num b ers p r e v i o u s l y p e rfo rm e d w i l l n o t

25 V ocal S o l o i s t s and E n s e m b le s . re q u ire d l i s t s ,

A ll r u le s re g a rd in g

p e rfo rm in g tim e , p e n a l t i e s ,

o f n um bers p r e v i o u s l y p e rfo rm e d a r e th e sta te d

fo r in stru m e n ta l

and r e p e t i t i o n

sam e a s a l r e a d y

s o lo s and e n se m b le s . «

S o p ra n o s o l o i s t s m ust p e r f o r m t h e i r num bers i n m ediu m o r h i g h k e y . D o u b lin g v o ic e p a r t s .

It

is

re c o m m e n d e d t h a t

v o c a l e n s e m b le s one s t u d e n t b e a s s i g n e d t o

in

each p a r t .

ADJUDICATION A ll m a tte rs p e r ta in in g to sh e e ts, bands,

ju d g in g o f s i g h t r e a d in g , ju d g in g o f v o c a l s o lo s ,

ch o ru ses, bands,

ju d g in g

o rc h e stra s,

ra tin g s,

a d ju d ic a tio n

ju d g in g o f m a rc h in g

e n s e m b l e s , a n d m ix e d

of in stru m e n ta l

s o lo s and e n sem b les,

s tu d e n t c o n d u c to r s , and b a to n t w i r l e r s

w i l l be d is c u s s e d in th e c h a p te r t i t l e d

STANDARDS OF

ADJUDICATION AND THEIR IMPROVEMENT. AWARDS The s u b j e c t o f o f f i c i a l a w a r d s i s c a tio n by th e

S ta te F e s t i v a l B oard .

h a s b e e n m ore o r l e s s t e m p o r a r i l y

in need o f c l a r i f i ­

At p r e s e n t t h e p r o b l e m

s e t t l e d by each d i s t r i c t ,

c o u n ty o r a r e a o r g a n i z a t i o n s p o n s o r in g t h e f e s t i v a l .

T he

26 re su lt

h a s been a p o o r ly o r g a n iz e d and p o o r ly c o o r d in a te d

p o lic y

from th e

sta n d p o in t

of th e

s ta te o rg a n iz a tio n

in

w h i c h c e r t a i n a r e a s h a v e c o m m e n d a b le a w a r d p o l i c i e s w h i l e o th e rs

seem t o

l e a v e much t o b e d e s i r e d

on t h i s

im p o rta n t

ph ase of th e f e s t i v a l . P la q u e s.

NSBOVA a d v i s e s t h e u s e o f b r o n z e p l a q u e s

m o u n te d on p o l i s h e d wood f o r b a n d s , o r c h e s t r a s a n d c h o r u s e s and t h e a w a rd in g o f b ro n z e m e d a ls t o o f e n se m b le s.

s o l o i s t s a n d m em bers

The o f f i c i a l d e s i g n s a n d q u a l i t y o f m a t e r i a l s

u s e d a r e t o b e e s t a b l i s h e d and a u t h o r i z e d u n d e r t h i s by th e S ta te F e s tiv a l B oard.

As y e t t h i s

p la n

h a s n o t been done

in C a lifo rn ia . I n some n o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a p la q u e s h av e been aw arded to under c e rta in Some f e s t i v a l s to

c o n d itio n s

fe s tiv a ls

s m a ll b ro n z e

sc h o o ls o r la r g e o r g a n iz a tio n s

such a s h ig h ly s u p e r i o r w ork.

h a v e m ade i t

p o ss ib le

fo r in d iv id u a l s tu d e n ts

g e t a w ard s i n a d d i t i o n t o c o n t r i b u t i n g to w a rd t h e w in n in g

of th e

sm a ll p la q u e s .

T hese i n d i v i d u a l aw ard s a r e u s u a l l y

t h e b ro n z e m e d a l. M e d als.

M o st s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a f e s t i v a l s

se e m t o

fro w n on t h e a w a rd in g o f p l a q u e s i n a n y s i z e b u t h a v e s t r o n g l y f a v o r e d t h e b r o n z e m e d a ls w ith r i b b o n s i n t h r e e n a tin g D iv isio n I ,

I I an d I I I .

c o lo rs d e s ig ­

T h ese m e d a ls a r e p u r c h a s e d

27 by e i t h e r th e d ire c to r

s tu d e n ts th e m se lv e s upon o r d e r th ro u g h th e

and t h e t r e a s u r e r o f th e

or by th e

sc h o o ls

out

sp o n s o rin g o r g a n iz a tio n

o f s t u d e n t body o r o r g a n i z a t i o n fu n d s*

I n m any s c h o o l s t h e s e m e d a l s a r e a w a r d e d t o m u s ic ia n s d u rin g an h o n o r a sse m b ly . be h e a r tily

re c o m m e n d e d f o r i t

C e rtific a te s*

In th e

in s tru m e n ta l f e s t i v a l s th e re s tric te d

to th e

th e

p re sid e n t

c h a irm a n . o f th e

case o f th e

so u th e rn C a lif o r n ia

a w a r d in g o f m e d a ls h a s b e en

T h ese a r e p r i n t e d up i n a d v a n c e , o f th e

s ig n e d by

s p o n s o r i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n and t h e f e s t i v a l

T h ere re m a in s o n ly th e t a s k

o f e n se m b le ,

to

h a s m any c o m m e n d a b le f e a t u r e s .

u s e some o t h e r t y p e o f a w a r d , u s u a l l y

s tu d e n t and h is

b e fo re th e

T h is p r a c t i c e i s to

l a r g e a r e a f e s t i v a l o n ly and t h e d i s t r i c t s

have been r e q u ir e d to a c e rtific a te .

th e young

sc h o o l, h is

s o lo in s tru m e n t or k in d

o r t h e name o f t h e b a n d ,

c e rtific a te

is

o f t y p i n g t h e name

o r c h e s t r a 6r

handed to th e d i r e c t o r

ch o ru s

or m a ile d

him a s t h e f e s t i v a l c h a i r m a n may c h o o s e . It

is

a n tic ip a te d th a t th e

s u b j e c t o f s t a n d a r d aw ards

f o r a l l c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l s w i l l be ta k e n up by th e C a l i f o r n i a F e s t i v a l B oard a t an e a r l y

d a t e and recom m enda­

t i o n s w i l l b e f o r t h c o m i n g w h i c h w i l l b e i n l i n e w i t h NSBOVA and a t t h e fe s tiv a ls.

sam e t i m e

s e t a d e f in ite p o lic y fo r a l l

C a lifo rn ia

CHAPTER I I I

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE MUSIC FESTIVAL B e f o r e 192 5 i n m any s c h o o l s m u sic was n o t

sim p le

to

b rin g

Much s c h o o l m u s ic w a s e x t r a - c u r r i c u l a r f o r

r e a s o n no o n e h a d j u s t i f i e d

re g u la r d a ily

c o u n try

c o n s i d e r e d on a p a r w i t h o t h e r d e p a r t m e n t s

and a c t i v i t i e s # th e

over th e e n tir e

c l a s s program -

out a b e t t e r q u a lity

its

e x i s t e n c e on t h e

Some i m p e t u s w a s b a d l y n e e d e d o f p e r f o r m a n c e , b e t t e r ma­

te ria ls,

and a r e a l i s t i c

k n o w l e d g e on t h e p a r t o f s t u d e n t s ,

p a re n ts,

t e a c h e r s , a d m i n i s t r a t o r s and s c h o o l b o a r d s o f w hat

m u s i c c a n do f o r a l l c o n c e r n e d b u t w hat t h i s

T h e r e se e m s n o q u e s t i o n

v e ry t h i n g w as done l a r g e l y th ro u g h t h e r a t h e r

tre m e n d o u s r i s e

o f t h e m u sic c o n t e s t .

The m u s i c c o n t e s t r e a c h e d i t s and scope d u r in g th e

y e a r s 1925-1935*

maximum i n p o p u l a r i t y D e sp ite th e

e v ils

w h ich r e s u l t e d m o s t ly b e c a u s e o f th e

in e v ita b le

c o m p e titio n , th e re

f a c t t h a t much good

re s u lte d

fro m m u sic

h a s b e e n one o f th e is

is

no d e n y in g th e

c o n te sts-

stre ss

on

C o m p e titio n i s and a lw a y s

k e y n o te s o f l i f e

a n d A m e ric a n e d u c a t i o n

n o e x c e p t i o n w h e t h e r i n m u s i c o r some o t h e r f i e l d W i l s o n ^ s t r e s s e s a n i m p o r t a n t p o i n t w h en h e s a y s

3 H a r r y R o b e r t W i l s o n , M u s ic i n t h e H ig h S c h o o l (New Y o r k : S i l v e r B u r d e t t C om pany, 1 9 5 1 ) , p* l l 5 •

29 t h e o p i n i o n s o f m o st i n s t r u c t o r s g ro w o u t o f p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e . . . .T h e re i s no d o u b t t h a t t h e im p e tu s of th e c o n te s t h a s been an im p o rta n t f a c t o r i n th e p h e n o m i n a l g r o w t h o f m u s ic i n o u r s c h o o l s . I t h a s had a d e c id e d e f f e c t upon r a i s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d s o f m u sic f o r th e h ig h s c h o o l. A b e t t e r q u a l i t y o f p erfo rm an ce h a s r e s u l t e d and b e t t e r ty p e s o f m a t e r i a l s h av e b een s e le c te d . C o n t e s t s fro m t h e i r pose:

to

d e m o n s tr a te w h at c o u ld b e a c c o m p lis h e d , t o

th e a b ilitie s and t h i r d , th e

in c e p tio n had a th r e e - f o ld

e n tire

and m ost im p o r t a n t , t o

f i r m l y e s t a b l i s h m u sic i n

c o m p le tio n of th e t o t a l

T h e r e se e m s n o d o u b t a s t o

th e

e m p h a s i s on c o m p e t i t i o n , t h e p rogram to th e who " l o s t "

success of th is

and f a l s e

e la tio n

of th e c o n te sts.

o f th e re h e a rsa l d e je c tio n

s p e l l e d th e d o w n fa ll o f popu­

A ty p e

o f p r o g r a m w as t o t a k e t h e i r

e lim in a tin g

a s s e ts of th e

a g r e a t m any o f t h e

T he c o m p e t i t i o n f e s t i v a l h a s p r o v e d i t s over i t s

of th o se

o f t h o s e who " w o n " , an d t h e

se e m in g ly p r e s e r v e d m ost o f t h e

c o n te s t s w h ile

from o v e r ­

w h ic h was o f t e n m e te d o u t to d i r e c t o r s ,

s t u d e n t s , and a d j u d i c a t o r s ,

p l a c e w h ic h

re s tric tin g

re s u ltin g

few c o n t e s t s e l e c t i o n s , t h e

b i t t e r c ritic ism

th e

cu r­

p ro g ram . U n fo rtu n a te ly th e n erv o u s s t r a i n

la rity

s tre n g th e n

of th e p e rfo rm e r th ro u g h c o m p e titiv e f e a t u r e s ,

sc h o o ls a s n e c e s s a ry to th e

ric u lu m .

p u r­

p re d e c e ss o r, th e

c o n te s t.

e v ils. su p e rio rity

The a t t i t u d e

of "beat

o t h e r f e l l o w " h a s b e e n l a r g e l y r e p l a c e d b y " m a k in g a n d

30 lis te n in g to th e

c lin ic ,

m u sic t o g e t h e r . "

W ith t h e

in tro d u c tio n o f

a n im p ro v e d t y p e o f a d j u d i c a t o r h a s a p p e a r e d

who s p e c i a l i z e s

in c o n s tru c tiv e c r it ic is m

a ttitu d e

sin c e re

m e n t*

in h is

a id in

"T he m o t i v a t i o n h a s p a r t i a l l y

in trin s ic

one b a s e d o n ,c o m p e t i t i o n t o

b a s e d on i n t e r e s t It th is

e ffo rt to

i s th e

c h a p te r to

and a k in d ly c o n tin u e d im p ro v e ­

sh ifte d

from an

an i n t r i n s i c

one

o f m u sic i t s e l f . p u r p o s e and hope i n t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f

o u t l i n e th e im p o rta n t f a c t s re g a rd in g

o r g a n i z a t i o n and m a n a g e m e n t o f t h e c o m p e t i t i o n f e s t i v a l . Thus i t

may b e o f a s s i s t a n c e t o t h e i n e x p e r i e n c e d c h a i r m a n

an d c o m m itte e -m a n a s w e l l a s p r o v i d i n g a c h e c k - l i s t f o r t h o s e who h a v e s t a g e d f e s t i v a l s b e f o r e . P u r p o s e s ' a n d ' O b je c tiv e 's o f t h e C o m p e titio n F e s t i v a l . B r u c e J o n e s ^ e x c e l l e n t l y suras u p t h e

cau se of th e

c o m p e titio n

f e s t i v a l w ith t h e s e w e l l c h o se n p u r p o s e s and o b j e c t i v e s : 1.

To r a i s e t h e s t a n d a r d s o f t h e d i r e c t o r a n d t h e s t u d e n t b y f u r n i s h i n g o p p o r t u n i t y f o r w h o le s o m e c o m p a riso n o f a c h ie v e m e n t, n o t o n ly w ith o t h e r s i m i l a r o r g a n i z a t i o n s , b u t a l s o w i t h o n e f s own p a s t p erfo rm an ce

6 ib id . , p. 119-


P • ^ •

Raymond F . D v o r a k , The B an d o n P a r a d e C a r l F i s c h e r , I n c . , 1 9 3 7 ) , p p . 5 5 -72 •

(New Y o r k :

66 A d j u d i c a t o r s , t i m e l i m i t , e q u ip m e n t and c a d e n c e . NSBOVA a d v o c a t e s t h e

se rv ic e s

o f fro m e ig jit t o

tw e lv e

ju d g e s f o r m a rc h in g b a n d s , w i t h e a c h a d j u d i c a t o r a s s i g n e d to

one p a r t i c u l a r p h a s e o f t h e c o m p e t i t i o n .

Such a s y s te m

w o u ld , o f c o u r s e , be i d e a l and sh o u ld be done w henever p o ss ib le . it

H ow ever, t h e

im p o ssib le t o

th e

so m e tim e s m akes

p a y s u c h a l a r g e n u m b e r o f men and i t b e ­

com es n e c e s s a r y t o few er ju d g e s ,

ex pense in v o lv e d

d iv id e th e

v a rio u s

s c o r i n g p o i n t s b e tw e e n

e x a c t n u m b e r o f w h i c h c a n b e m o re o r l e s s

d e te rm in e d by th e b u d g e t c a r r i e d by th e f e s t i v a l

b o ard .

E a c h b a n d i s g i v e n a m inim um o f f i v e a n d a maximum o f e i g h t m in u te s i n w h ic h t o c o m p le te i t s

r e q u i r e d m o v e m e n ts

and s p e c i a l m a n e u v ers, w ith a w a rn in g s i g n a l b e in g g iv e n a f t e r f iv e m in u te s. The e q u i p m e n t o f b a n d s d u r i n g t h e r e q u i r e d m o v e m e n ts and m an eu v ers i s D u rin g t h e i r

re s tric te d

to m u sic a l in s tru m e n ts o n ly .

p r e s e n t a t i o n o f s u c h m o v e m e n ts a n d m a n e u v e r s

t h e c o m p e tin g b a n d s w i l l m a in ta in a c a d e n c e o f n o t l e s s th a n 120 and n o t m ore t h a n

144 s t e p s

per m in u te .

C adence i s t o

b e ch eck ed t h r e e tim e s d u r in g t h e tim e eac h band f i e l d . 22

22 I b i d . ,

IV :6 .

is

on t h e

67 P h y s ic a l R e q u ire m e n ts o f fie ld .

The

T he s u c c e s s f u l m a r c h i n g f e s t i v a l c a n b e s t a g e d

o n ly

on a f i e l d

siz e

of th e f o o tb a ll

of su ffic ie n t fie ld ,

and a p p ro x im a te ly f i f t y be p re fe ra b le . is

t h e M a rc h in g F i e l d .

c ro w d i s

An a r e a

ro u g h ly th e

one h u n d r e d y a r d s i n l e n g t h

y a r d s i n w i d t h , h a s b e en found t o

T he f i e l d

a d e q u a te s e a t i n g

siz e .

sh o u ld be so l o c a te d t h a t t h e r e

f o r t h e maximum n u m b e r o f w h a t e v e r

e x p e c te d i f

th e a f f a i r

is

open t o th e p u b l ic .

B le a c h e rs o r te m p o ra ry s e a t s , p r e f e r a b l y r a i s e d to w a rd th e fie ld

r e a r r o w s , may b e p l a c e d

o p p o site th e is

In t h i s

way a l l p a r t i c i p a t i n g

p ro v id e d f o r

each group a f t e r i t

fe s tiv a l

P u b lie t h a t a lo u d fid e lity

a d d re s s sy ste m .

o t h e r g r o u p s w h ich f o l l o w —

It

(o r th e

lis te n to

is

e x tre m e ly im p o rta n t

of su ffic ie n t

be p r o v i d e d and t h a t i t

and th o r o u g h ly t e s t e d .

th a n to

so a s

s p irit.

s p e a k i n g sy s te m

lo se in te r e s t

p erfo rm s.

stu d e n ts a re se a te d

g e t an e x c e l l e n t v ie w o f a l l

th e tr u e

sid e o f th e

a u d ie n c e so t h a t q u i c k and a d e q u a te

se a tin g

to

on t h e

s tre n g th

an d

be c a r e f u lly in s ta lle d

N o th in g w i l l p a rtic ip a n ts

c a u s e an a u d ie n c e t o

fo r th a t m a tte r)

q u ic k e r

a n n o u n c e m e n ts o r m u sic o v e r a p u b l i c

a d d r e s s s y s te m w h ic h i s

sp u tte rin g

or d e fe c tiv e

in any w ay.

63 F ie ld

te le p h o n e .

e n tr a n c e ” upon th e th e lo u d

fie ld

sp eak ers i t

b o o th , to th e

fie ld

a f t e r b e in g d u ly announced o ver

h a s been fou n d t h a t a f i e l d

c o n n e c tin g a r e s p o n s ib le upon th e

W h ere b a n d s a r e m a k in g a " g r a n d

p erso n a t th e p o in t

and th e a n n o u n c e r i n th e

can be o f in e s tim a b le v a lu e .

announce th e

It

of e n tra n c e

p u b lic is

name o f t h e b a n d a n d i t s

te le p h o n e

a d d ress

p ro p er not

o n ly

d ir e c to r but a ls o

d ru m m a j o r a n d t h e m a j o r e t t e s i f t h e r e a r e n o t t o o m a n y .

O th e r in fo rm a tio n about th e a c h ie v e m e n ts a r e a ls o v ery d i f f i c u l t to phone.

group such a s o u ts ta n d in g r e c e n t

of i n t e r e s t to th e

cro w d .

I t w o u ld b e

g iv e such in fo rm a tio n w ith o u t a f i e l d

te le ­

R e g a r d l e s s o f e x tre m e p r e c a u t i o n and c a r e f u l p l a n n i n g ,

it

is

n o t uncommon f o r b a n d s i n l i n e

as

reco rd ed in th e

of lin e .

T he f i e l d

a w a itin g t h e i r

e n tra n c e

p ro g ra m , t o becom e c o n f u s e d and g e t o u t te le p h o n e w i l l p rev e n t

such a s i t u a t i o n

f r o m b e c o m in g known p u b l i c l y a n d t h e r e f o r e e m b a r r a s s i n g t o ev eryone c o n c e rn e d . T h e c o n d u c t o r ys p o d i u m . is

p la n n e d i t

it

is

tru ly

U s u a lly w here a m assed b a n d

i s p l a c e d n e a r t h e end o f t h e p ro g ram

th e c lim a x of th e

e n tire day.

sin c e

I t w ill be neces­

s a r y t o h a v e a p o d iu m so c o n s t r u c t e d t h a t i t

c a n b e m o v ed

q u ic k ly to th e

in

bands.

c e n te r o f th e

S in c e i t

fie ld , d ire c tly

fro n t of th e

sh o u ld be up t o t h r e e f e e t i n h e i g h t , t h e

p ro v isio n

fo r a ra ilin g

i s a w ise p r e c a u t i o n .

A se t of

p o r t a b l e s t e p s f o r t h e c o n d u c t o r 's c o n v e n ie n c e w i l l a ls o be n e c e ssa ry . th e d ir e c to r

A p o r t a b l e m ic ro p h o n e m u st be p r o v i d e d f o r s o he may c o m m u n i c a te w i t h h i s h u g e b a n d w i t h

e a s e and d i s p a t c h . T he p a r a d e . c o m m u n ity a r e

U n f o r t u n a t e l y t o o m any p e o p l e

so b u s y w i t h t h e i r

in a

own a c t i v i t i e s t h a t t h e y

a r e u n aw are t h a t a m u sic f e s t i v a l

is

g o i n g on i n t h e i r c i t y .

One way t o t a k e t h e m u s i c f e s t i v a l t o th e m i s b y m e a n s o f th e

p arad e.

It

h a s been fo u n d t h a t a P a ra d e o f Bands th ro u g h

t h e b u s i n e s s s e c t i o n an h o u r o r so b e f o r e th e m a rc h in g f e s t i v a l a n d m a s s e d b a n d sh o w i s n o t o n l y a t r e m e n d o u s a s s e t t o t h e d a y 's a c t i v i t i e s fro m t h e but

it

a ls o

good w i l l t o

s ta n d p o in t

of th e v is iti n g

s e r v e s a s an e x c e l l e n t m edium o f a d v e r t i s i n g a n d th e to w n sp e o p le .

m in d t h a t when t h e r e i s th e budget fo r th e

It

s h o u ld a lw a y s be k e p t in

doubt ab o u t th e

a b ility

or o u trig h t

n ecessary expenses.

b a la n c e

d o n a te th ro u g h

good w i l l c a s h g i f t s ,

The p a r a d e i s

t o m eet th e

one m eans o f e x te n d in g

a p p r e c i a t i o n a n d some o f t h a t g o o d w i l l i n t h e d ire c tio n .

to

f e s t i v a l t h e C h a m b e r o f Com m erce o f mem­

b e r f i r m s a r e u s u a l l y m ore t h a n w i l l i n g t o a d v e rtis in g

g ro u p s

o p p o site

70 It

is

l o g i c a l and p e r m is s ib le

le a d th e

p a ra d e a lth o u g h

it

honor to

t h e b a n d w h ic h h a s t r a v e l e d

f o r th e h o st band t o

may b e d e c i d e d t o g i v e t h e th e g r e a t e s t d is ta n c e .

An a l p h a b e t i c a l l i n e u p by s c h o o l nam e o r c o m m u n ity i s q u i c k and f a i r m anner t o p reced en ce.

se ttle

th e q u e s tio n of p arad e

M a rch in g b a n d s s h o u ld u n d e r no c ir c u m s ta n c e

b e c l o s e r t h a n one h a l f b l o c k a p a r t . sp a c in g i s

I f p o ss ib le

a w id e r

p re fe ra b le .

S e rv ic e o rg a n iz a tio n s w ith f e s t i v a l sta rte d

a

a rra n g e m e n ts i f

a r e a lw a y s w i l l i n g t o a s s i s t so r e q u e s t e d .

A m o re p r o m p t l y

a n d m o re s m o o t h l y o p e r a t e d p a r a d e m i g h t r e s u l t

h a v in g such an o r g a n i z a t i o n a s s i g n v isitin g

one o f i t s

band a s a g u id e and a s s i s t a n t .

th ro u g h

m em b ers t o

The same s o r t

each

of

a s s i s t a n c e f r o m t h e c o m m u n ity m i g h t b e w e lc o m e d i n t h e f o r m o f u s h e r s a t t h e m a rc h in g f e s t i v a l and m assed b an d c o n c e r t o r p e rh a p s even i n th e m a tte r o f h o u s in g . F ood a r r a n g e m e n t s . th e

la te

v isitin g

a fte rn o o n ,

I f th e

p a ra d e can be s ta g e d d u rin g

a r r a n g e m e n t s s h o u l d b e made t o

bandsm en q u i c k l y and e f f i c i e n t l y .

The s c h o o l c a f e ­

t e r i a m ig h t w e l l b e t h e m eans o f s o l v i n g t h i s sh o u ld be u s e d i n

se e in g t h a t

hand w ith f a c i l i t i e s to v isito rs .

su ffic ie n t

fee d th e

p ro b le m .

C are

h e lp and food i s

h a n d l e t h e h u g e c ro w d o f h u n g r y

A r e p ly c a rd c o n ta in in g th e m e n u ,• p ric e s , and

on

71 a p la c e to fo r th is

s e r v i c e , w i l l be o f g r e a t v a lu e to th e

m an ag er. e a rlie st

c h e c k t h e n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s who w i l l b e o n h a n d c a fe te ria

T hese c a r d s s h o u ld be s e n t o u t w ith one o f th e fe s tiv a l b u lle tin s ,

w e ll in advance of th e

event

its e lf. The m a r c h i n g f e s t i v a l a n d m a s s e d b a n d c o n c e r t . an h o u r o f r e l a x a t i o n and r e s t f o l l o w i n g t h e p e rio d b u g le s a re i n t o th e

sta d iu m .

a r e a s w ith th e

in

th e

p re d e te rm in e d

e n t e r i n g th e m a rc h in g c o m p e titio n

e n tra n c e f i r s t

p arad e.

in th e

sh o u ld

sam e o r d e r t h e y a p p e a r e d

T ru m p et f a n f a r e s a n n o u n c e e a c h g ro u p f o l ­

lo w ed b y a p p r o p r i a t e a n n o u n c e m e n ts .

T he n o n - c o m p e t i t i v e

b a n d s w i l l a l l b e s e a t e d on t h e b l e a c h e r r i s e r s th e

e n try

a s s i g n e d g u i d e and a w a it o r d e r s .

Bands n o t m ake t h e i r

e a r ly m eal

sounded f o r th e l i n e u p p re c e d in g A ll bands w i l l r e p o r t to

A fte r

o p p o site

c ro w d a n d i n a good p o s i t i o n t o v i e w t h e j u d g i n g o f t h e

g r o u p s w h ic h f o l l o w .

A f t e r th e m a rc h in g c o m p e titio n i t

s o m e tim e s good p ro g ra m m in g t o

is

s c h e d u le an e x h i b i t i o n g ro u p

w h i c h m i g h t b e a v e r y e x p e r t l y t r a i n e d b a n d w h ic h s p e c i a l ­ iz e s in

TTs h o w ,T m a n e u v e r i n g ,

A b a to n t w ir lin g c h o ic e .

o r p erh ap s a f i n e

drum c o r p s .

c h a m p io n o r e n s e m b l e m i g h t b e a b e t t e r

S u c h an a d d i t i o n t o t h e

pro g ram i s

u su a lly not

o n l y v a l u a b l e b e c a u s e o f t h e d e l i g h t a n d e n t e r t a i n m e n t W hich

it

b rin g s th e a u d ie n c e b u t

ta in in g

v a lu e

fo r th e e d u c a tio n a l and e n te r ­

o f th e v i s i t i n g

e x e r c is e d how ever t h a t th e

bandsm en.

C are m ust be

e x h ib i t io n group b e a b s o lu te ly

n o n - c o m p e t i t i v e and t h a t t h e y p e rf o r m i n good t a s t e a n d , above a l l ,

BE GOOD I

F o llo w in g th e

e x h i b i t i o n p o r t i o n o f t h e p rogram th e

announcem ent of r a t i n g s p erfo rm ed b e fo r e th e or tro p h ie s, p o rta b le

in tr o d u c e d , and th e is

ju d g e s and th e a w a rd in g o f any p r i z e s

a lw a y s i s

p o d iu m i s

o f t h e m a rc h in g b a n d s w h ic h h a v e

o f i n t e r e s t t o th e a u d ie n c e .

t h e n m oved o u t , t h e

The

g u e s t c o n d u c to r

e n d in g and c lim a x t o a t h r i l l i n g

re a c h e d w ith th e p e rfo rm an c e o f th e m assed band.

day If

c a r e i n t i m i n g a n d p r o g r a m m in g h a s b e e n u s e d a n d t h e

e n tire

e v e n i n g Ts e v e n t s h a v e n o t e x t e n d e d o v e r tw o h o u r s i n

le n g th

ev ery o n e i s a lm o st c e r t a i n t o

go home f e e l i n g

d a y Ts e x p e r i e n c e h a s b e e n a v a l u a b l e b ered .

t h a t t h e w h o le

one, lo n g to

b e rem em ­

CHAPTER V I

STANDARDS OF ADJUDICATION AND THEIR IMPROVEMENT Common E r r o r s i n a d j u d i c a t i o n * so m e tim e s s e t to o h ig h and i t b e s t g ro u p s t o r e a c h th e m . o f th e

is

(2 )

th e w eaker g ro u p s .

h e s i t a n c y on t h e p a r t o f t h e b e tw e e n s t r o n g s o l o i s t s

S ta n d a rd s a re

im p o s s ib le f o r even th e O c c a s io n a lly th e m a jo rity

r a t i n g s a r e to o h ig h f o r th e

m e n t” t o

(1 )

reason of E n c o u ra g e ­

T h ere h a s been a c e r t a i n a d ju d ic a to rs to

draw a l i n e

or g ro u p s and th o s e n o t

so w e l l

p rep ared . In re c e n t y e a rs th e r e has been a tre n d to a d ju d ic a tio n

s t a n d a r d s so t h a t a f i r s t

r e p r e s e n t s th e e x p e c te d .

h ig h e st le v e l

w h o le t r e n d

is

In th e th e

sy ste m o f t h e

p a rtic ip a n ts are r e a lly

1950 C a l i f o r n i a T h is

sh o u ld b e .

im p ro v e d g r o u p r a t i n g

o ld ra n k in g

in th e

t h o s e i n 1 9 4 $ a n d 1 949 *

e n tire ly as i t

ra tin g

o f a c h ie v e m e n t w h ic h c a n b e

T h is was e s p e c i a l l y t r u e

f e s t i v a l s a s com pared t o

d iv is io n

ra ise

s y s te m a s com pared t o

c o n t e s t e r a we s e e t h a t

c o m p e tin g a g a i n s t a s t a n d a r d

of

a c h ie v e m e n t r a t h e r th a n a g a i n s t each o t h e r , w ith th e s e s ta n d a r d s a c t u a l l y d e te rm in e d by th e That th e se

sta n d a rd s w ill d i f f e r in

s tu d e n ts th e m se lv e s* v a rio u s

se c tio n s

of

t h e c o u n t r y and p e r h a p s e v e n fro m one s t a t e t o a n o t h e r is

to be e x p e c te d .

74 The f e s t i v a l

c h a i r m a n may b e o f g r e a t a s s i s t a n c e

w hen he o r som e m em ber o f h i s

s t a f f m e e ts w ith t h e

a d ju d ic a to r s f o r g e n e ra l b r i e f i n g and i n s t r u c t i o n s .

He

sh o u ld u n d e r no c ir c u m s ta n c e s , h o w ev er, i n s t r u c t th e a d ju d ic a to r s to

"ju d g e h ig h " or " g iv e m o s tly D iv is io n

I f s and I I ' s " .

F o l l o w i n g t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s o f NSBOVA

o b v io u s ly m akes th e and m ore f a i r . th e

w ork o f t h e a d j u d i c a t o r b o t h e a s i e r

For in s ta n c e ,

it

is

in fin ite ly

e a sie r fo r

a d j u d i c a t o r t o w o rk w hen a r e q u i r e d s e l e c t i o n

and a l l 'o t h e r s a r e lis ts .

It

c h o se n fro m th e

se le c tiv e

i s u n f o r t u n a t e when a j u d g e i s

is

an d c u m u l a t i v e

a lm o st f o r c e d to

p e n a l i z e b y g r a d i n g down a f u l l s t e p b e c a u s e o f t h e o f t r a s h y m u s i c when a f r e e by th e

c h o ic e

c h o ic e o f m u sic h a s been a llo w e d

f e s t i v a l m anagem ent . It

to

used

ju stify

is

o n ly f a i r

th e r a t i n g

th a t a d ju d ic a to rs

sh o u ld be e x p e c te d

g iv e n th ro u g h th e w r i t te n

and t h e m anner i n w h ic h t h e y h av e m arked t h e T oo o f t e n

b lam e th e

sh e et o th e rw ise .

s h e e t s have been tu r n e d in w ith a p lu s sig n in

n e a r ly ev ery c ritic ism ,

c ritic ism

sq u are,

still stu d e n t

a d ju d ic a tin g .

little

or n o th in g in th e

a fin a l ra tin g

of I I I

or d ir e c to r fo r

o r IV .

way o f a d v e r s e One c a n h a r d l y

q u e stio n in g t h i s

ty p e of

75 Q u a litie s

of th e

c a t o r m u s t know h i s c r i m i n a t e b e tw e e n have th e

fa c u lty

C o m p e te n t A d j u d i c a t o r .

s u b je c t w e ll;

he m ust be a b le t o

e s s e n t i a l s and n o n - e s s e n t i a l s ; o f q u ic k a n a l y s i s and t e r s e

The a d j u d i c a t o r m u s t b e a b l e and b u i l d upon t h i s th e b a sis b u t a ls o

of h is

An a d j u d i ­

he m u st

e x p re ss io n .

t o g ra s p w hat i s

good

good r a t h e r t h a n a llo w t h e b a d t o b e

d e c isio n .

fo rth rig h t

d is­

in

He m u s t b e q u i c k t o

sy m p a th iz e

h i s ju d g m e n t ..

He m u s t b e s i n c e r e . some s o r t o f i n t e l l e c t u a l

It

is

e s s e n tia l th a t

he have

b a c k g r o u n d w h i c h w i l l h e l p h im

h a v e a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f hum an n a t u r e , a s e n s e o f h u m o r , and a s p i r i t

o f h o n e sty to

h im s e lf and h is

fe llo w m e n .

NSBOVA A d j u d i c a t o r s T Comment S h e e t s .

R eferen ces

h a v e b e e n m ade s e v e r a l t i m e s t o t h e comm ent s h e e t s m ade b y t h e n a t i o n a l a s s o c i a t i o n w h ic h s p o n s o r s a l l o f f i c i a l titio n

fe s tiv a ls .

T here a r e f o u r te e n

i n g s e v e r a l new o n e s . re c e n tly as 1950.

o f t h e s e fo rm s i n c l u d ­

A ll o ld form s have been r e v i s e d

re a so n a b le :

se t,

400;

50 e a c h ;

350 p e r d o z e n ;

p e r hu n d red , $ 2 .0 0 .

on r e q u e s t .

as

They a r e p u b l i s h e d and c o p y r i g h t e d by

NSBOVA a n d m u s t n o t b e d u p l i c a t e d i n a n y w a y . v ery

com pe­

The c o s t i s

c o m p le te sa m p le

P ric e s fo r la r g e r q u a n titie s

O rd ers sh o u ld be se n t to

N a tio n a l S c h o o l B and,

O r c h e s tr a and V ocal A s s o c i a t i o n , 64 E . Ja c k so n B o u le v a rd ,

76 C h ic a g o 4 ,

Illin o is .

O rd e rs s h o u ld b e d o n e by sym bol

o n ly :

B -l

( B a n d ) ; SRBO-2 ( S i g h t R e a d i n g , B an d o r O r c h e s t r a ) ;

0S 0-3

(O rc h e s tra or S trin g

O rc h e s tra );

d u c t o r ) ; MB-5 ( M a r c h i n g B a n d ) ; DM- 6 V -7 ( C h o r a l G r o u p s ) ; (S o lo V o ic e );

( T w i r l i n g Drum M a j o r ) ;

SRV-3 ( C h o r a l S i g h t R e a d i n g ) ;

SV -9

PS E B 0-1 0 ( P e r c u s s i o n S o l o a n d E n s e m b l e ) ;

W IS -1 1 (W ind I n s t r u m e n t S o lo );

S C -4 ( S t u d e n t C on­

S o lo ); S IS -12

( S tr i n g In stru m e n t

SW IE-13 ( S t r i n g o r W ind I n s t r u m e n t E n s e m b l e ) ;

PH S-14

( P i a n o o r H a rp S o l o ) . T h e s e s h e e t s h a v e b e e n c o m p i l e d a n d r e v i s e d b y men a c t u a l l y in th e

c la ss ro o m

and r e h e a r s a l r o o m .

t h e y h av e n o t a lw a y s b een

sa tis fa c to ry

f e c t a d ju d ic a tio n

s a tis f a c to r y to

sh e e ts,

w i l l p ro b a b ly n e v e r a p p e a r. w h ic h i s

o ffic ia l,

to

It

is tru e

a l l p e o p le .

P er­

a l l who u s e t h e m ,

T h ese form s r e p r e s e n t t h a t

l a t e s t and b e s t .

T h ey s h o u l d b e u s e d

by e v e ry f e s t i v a l w here a d j u d i c a t i o n t a k e s p l a c e .

They a r e

u se d o f t e n i n n o n - c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l s w h ere c o n s t r u c t i v e c ritic is m

is

re q u e s te d , w ith o u t r a t i n g s .

HOW MAY ADJUDICATION BE IMPROVED? T here a r e m a te ria ls c lin ic

THE CLINIC

s e v e r a l t y p e s o f m u sic c l i n i c s and t h e m eth o d s c l i n i c .

such a s th e

T h e s e h a v e becom e

p o p u l a r and e x t r e m e l y v a l u a b l e a s an im p ro v e m e n t t o sc h o o l m u sic .

S in c e t h i s

w o rk c o n c e r n s i t s e l f

p u b lic

w ith , f e s t i v a l s

77 it

is th e a d ju d ic a to rs c lin ic

w i t h w h i c h we s h a l l c o n c e r n

o u rse lv e s a t t h i s tim e . The a d j u d i c a t o r s c l i n i c

i s a m eans f o r im p ro v in g

t h e m eth o d s o f a d j u d i c a t o r s and t h e r e f o r e , fe s tiv a ls

a n d a l l who t a k e

p art

in th em .

Types of a d ju d i c a t o r s c l i n i c s . th e

c o m p e titio n -

p a n e l i s m ade u p o f e x p e r t s ,

1.

Panel d isc u ssio n :

each re p re s e n tin g h is

v i e w s on t h e

s u b j e c t , b a s e d on w id e t r a i n i n g

In t h i s

o f c lin ic th e

ty p e

ta k e n o te s ,

d ire c to rs s i t

and a s k q u e s t i o n s

and e x p e r ie n c e .

a s th e a u d ie n c e ,

o f t h e p a n e l m e m b e rs a s t h e

l a s t p o r t io n o f th e p ro g ram . 2. in d iv id u a ls p erfo rm th e ir

A d ju d ic a tio n P r a c tic e : (u su a lly stu d e n ts )

an d t h e d i r e c t o r s s i t

c o m m e n ts a n d a s s i g n

an a c tu a l f e s tiv a l.

se le c te d * g ro u p s

or

p r e - r e h e a r s e d t o some e x t e n t , as a d ju d ic a to rs.

ra tin g s

They w r i t e

j u s t a s t h e y w o u ld do i n

One o r m o re e x p e r i e n c e d a d j u d i c a t o r s

t h e n o p e n a d i s c u s s i o n o n t h e p e r f o r m a n c e , t h e l o g i c a l w ay to

h a v e s c o r e d t h e com m ent s h e e t s , . a n d why i t

w o u ld b e t h e

m ost l o g i c a l . 3* ta k e s p la c e

A d ju d ic a tio n th ro u g h d e m o n s tra tio n . sim u la tin g a r e a l

C o m p e titio n

f e s t i v a l w ith groups o f p e r­

f o r m e r s a n d p e r h a p s some s o l o i s t s .

The e x p e r i e n c e d g u e s t

73 a d ju d ic a to r a c tu a lly f i l l s p a n ts a p p e a r.

At t h e

o u t t h e s h e e ts a s th q

p a rtic i­

c l o s e he e x p l a i n s h i s w ork and t e l l s

why h e d o e s e v e r y t h i n g i n r e a c h i n g a l l d e c i s i o n s * t o o m any c o n t e s t a n t s a r e h e a r d t h e i r

I f not

p e rfo rm a n c e can b e

d isc u sse d in g r e a te r d e t a i l . P l a n n i n g an A d j u d i c a t i o n C l i n i c * sh o u ld be c l e a r l y d e f in e d , of c lin ic

is

first

T he o b j e c t i v e s

s t a t i n g .e x a c tly w hat ty p e

d e s i r e d an d w h ic h p ro b le m s a r e t o b e a t t a c k e d .

C a r e s h o u l d b e e x e r c i s e d t h a t t o o m any p r o b l e m s a r e n o t d e a l t w i t h on t h e

same d a y .

The m o s t c o m p e t e n t p e r s o n s a v a i l a b l e engaged to

conduct th e

a n e a r l y d a t e and th e ever expenses, i f a g reed upon. to do. o fte n

c lin ic .

Be s u r e t h e

to

f e e t o g e t h e r w ith w h a t­

re c e iv e ,

sh o u ld be c a r e f u l l y

e x p e r t knows e x a c t l y w h at he i s

D e t a i l e d and c a r e f u l p l a n n in g lo n g b e f o r e th e c l i n i c sav e em barrassm ent

be p a id

la te r.

The c l i n i c

d ire c to r

sh o u ld

p ro m p tly a f t e r he f i n i s h e s h i s w ork. A d e q u ate p u b l i c i t y

w ith

T h is sh o u ld be done a t

c o n d u c to rs

a n y , he i s

sh o u ld b e

s e v e ra l fo llo w u p s .

p o ss ib le in sta n c e ,

sh o u ld be s e n t o u t w e ll in advance As m any i n t e r e s t e d

p erso n s as

sh o u ld be i n v i t e d a s s e a tin g sp a c e p e r m its .

For

on e g r o u p o f p e o p l e who w e r e n e g l e c t e d f o r y e a r s

in p la n n in g

such a f f a i r s

a r e t h e m u sic s t u d e n t s i n t h e

79 /

c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s who h a v e c h o s e n m u s i c t e a c h i n g and d i r e c t i n g a s t h e i r l i f e ’ s w o rk .

T hese young p e o p le

w ere o f te n n e g le c t e d d u r in g t h e f e s t i v a l s . and a d j u d i c a t o r s

The d i r e c t o r s

o f to m o rro w s h o u ld n e v e r b e i g n o r e d t o d a y .

M o re a n d m o r e o f t h e s e y o u n g p e o p l e a r e t o b e s e e n a t t h e m ost r e c e n t f e s t i v a l s . E x p e r t s who a r e c lin ic s

sh o u ld

engaged to

conduct a d ju d ic a tio n

a lw a y s b e r e q u e s t e d t o

and s u g g e s t any d e s i r a b l e

changes.

sum u p a t t h e c l o s e

R e su lts o f th e c li n i c

sh o u ld be th o r o u g h ly p u b l i c i z e d . THE MUSIC WORKSHOP W hat i s a m u s i c w o r k s h o p ? s h a l l be r e f e r r e d

t o a s a m eans t o

m e n ta l m u sic i n s t r u c t i o n in -se rv ic e tra in in g In t h is

ty p e

th o u g h th e

in th e

of a c tiv ity

stu d e n ts a ls o

stru c tio n m a te ria ls ,

im p ro v e c h o r a l o r i n s t r u ­

sc h o o ls th ro u g h a s e r i e s o f

th e te a c h e r h im s e lf ta k e s p a r t a l ­ p a rtic ip a te

in

some w o r k s h o p s .

u s u a l l y t h e im p r o v e m e n t

c la ssro o m p ro c e d u re ,

Some c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e s e

be th e p u rp o se .

s tu d y th e w orkshop

e x p e r i e n c e s u n d e r a c o m p e te n t l e a d e r .

p u rp o s e o f th e w o rk sh o p i s

n iq u e s.

In t h i s

th re e

The t e a c h e r s who a r e

of i n ­

or te a c h in g te c h ­ o b j e c t i v e s m ig h t

sp o n so rin g o r p a r t i c i ­

p a tin g u s u a l l y d e te rm in e th e a c t u a l p u rp o se and s e t th e o b je c tiv e s.

The

SO

The o r g a n i z a t i o n

o f t h e w ork w i l l i n c l u d e

such

im p o rta n t d e c is io n s a s: 1.

S p e c ific

p u rp o se o f th e w o rk sh o p .

2.

L o c a tio n , d a te ,

3*

Who w i l l

be in v ite d to

a tte n d ?

4*

Who w i l l

be engaged to

l e a d t h e w orksh op?

5*

W hat t y p e

and tim e i t

is to

be h e ld .

o f m e e tin g s w i l l b e s t f u l f i l l th e

purpose? An e x a m p le o f a n a c t u a l w o r k s h o p i n a c t i o n w i l l a i d in

e m p h a siz in g i t s

tio n to

d e c id e s to

v a lu e .

i n v i t e a n a t i o n a l l y known c h o r a l c o n d u c t o r

co n d u ct a w orkshop.

of th e

school y e a r.

u n d e rsta n d in g i s M arch .

A c o u n ty m u sic t e a c h e r s T a s s o c i a ­

T h ey f i r s t

c o n t a c t h im n e a r t h e e n d

He a c c e p t s a f t e r a s u i t a b l e

a g r e e d t o and a d a t e i s

fin a n c ia l

s e t fo r th e

fo llo w in g

D u rin g e a r l y c o m m itte e m e e tin g s g e n e r a l a r r a n g e m e n ts

a r e m ade a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a r e a s s i g n e d .

Two a f t e r n o o n

s e s s io n s a r e p la n n e d w ith h ig h s c h o o l s t u d e n ts b e in g p re p a re d i n a d v a n c e on t h e w orkshop i s w ith

s e l e c t i o n s cho sen by th e

h e ld in th e

th e stu d e n ts se a te d Supper is

se ss io n .

gym ( a t t h e

c o n d u c to r.

re q u e st of th e

c o n d u c to r)

on c h a i r s i n a l a r g e s e m i - c i r c l e .

serv ed in th e

c a f e te r ia a f t e r th e

In th e e v e n in g p a re n ts a re i n v i t e d to

b l e a c h e r s e a t s w hen t h e i n f o r m a l p r o g r a m a r e no p ro g ra m s and t h e

The

second

occupy th e

i s g iv e n .

T h ere

c o n d u c t o r may s t o p t h e g r o u p i n t h e

61 m i d d l e o f some s o n g s t o

e x p la in a p o in t

t e c h n i q u e o r some i n t e r e s t i n g th e

song*

E veryone p r o f i t s

p o in t in

in re h e a rsa l c o n n e c tio n w ith

from an i n t e r e s t i n g ,

v a lu a b le

e x p e rie n c e . A se co n d w o rkshop e x p e r ie n c e c o n c e rn s an i n s t r u ­ m en ta l o r g a n i z a t i o n .

A l l d i r e c t o r s a n d m e m b e rs a r e r e ­

q u e s te d to b r in g t h e i r band in s tr u m e n ts . h a v e n ft

had t h e i r

in s tru m e n ts out o f th e

Some o f t h e s e c a s e s f o r m o n th s

and p e rh a p s y e a r s b u t t h a t p ro b a b ly o n ly a d d s t o m ent w h ich t h e y

g e t.

th e e n jo y ­

The u n i v e r s i t y b a n d d i r e c t o r who i s

c o n d u c t i n g t h e w o r k s h o p , h a s c h o s e n a f o l d e r o f m u sic w h ic h w i l l not o n ly b e h e lp f u l t o th e

secondary d i r e c t o r s but to

t h e e le m e n ta r y and j u n i o r h ig h

school le v e ls a s w e ll.

B e sid e s th e

g r o u p h a s r e a d t h r o u g h new

m a te ria ls ,

fu n o f p la y in g th e

and h a s s h a re d a v a lu a b le

so c ia l

e x p e rie n c e .

CHAPTER V I I

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS S u m m ary . fe s tiv a ls bands,

E v e n ts re c o g n iz e d in C a li f o r n ia

i n c l u d e i n s t r u m e n t a l and v o c a l s o l o s and e n s e m b le s ;

o r c h e s t r a s , a n d m ix e d c h o r u s e s ;

b a to n t w i r l i n g ;

m a rc h in g b a n d s ;

re a d in g f o r a l l

la rg e g ro u p s.

s iz e

of e n ro llm e n ts.

c e n tra l

and s o u t h e r n

fe s tiv a ls .

s tu d e n t c o n d u c tin g and s i g h t S c h o o ls a r e c l a s s i f i e d

T hree s t a t e areas,

s o l o and e n sem b le

fe s tiv a ls ,

serv e as f in a ls

A w ard s a r e i n t h e

by

n o rth e rn , f o r many d i s t r i c t

S e l e c t i o n s a r e c h o se n from r e q u i r e d ,

and c u m u la tiv e l i s t s . m e d a ls and

c o m p e titio n

s e le c tiv e

form o f p l a q u e s ,

c e rtific a te s .

The c o m p e t i t i o n f e s t i v a l w ith c h o ic e of h o s t c i t y , o f a d ju d ic a to rs

se ttin g

c o m in g f i r s t

c h a i r m a n and h i s

is

p lan n e d f a r in ad v ance o f d a t e s and p r o c u r e m e n t

in im p o rta n c e .

The f e s t i v a l

c o m m itte e s s e n d o u t t h r e e o r m ore f e s t i v a l

b u l l e t i n s an n o u n cin g a l l in f o r m a tio n n e c e s s a r y f o r v i s i t i n g d ire c to rs * in th e t o t a l

N o n -c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l s fe s tiv a l

p la y a s m a lle r p a rt

p i c t u r e a n d do h a v e a n i m p o r t a n t p l a c e .

The s u b j e c t o f s i g h t r e a d i n g w a s i n v e s t i g a t e d th e

s ta n d p o in t

o f ro o m a n d e q u i p m e n t ,

p ro c e d u re , r u le s and r e g u la tio n s , P la n n in g of i t s

fro m

c h o ic e o f m u sic ,

sta ff,

and a d j u d i c a t o r s .

o f t h e m a r c h i n g b a n d f e s t i v a l a n d t h e w isd o m

i n c l u s i o n a s an e v e n in g e v e n t

p r e c e d in g a m assed band

&3 e v e n t , b o th b e in g open t o t h e p u b l i c , A d ju d ic a tio n of t h i s

e rro rs

th ro u g h

p h y sic a l

lis te d .

of th e

in a d ju d ic a tin g

comm ent s h e e t s .

f u lly d isc u sse d .

e v e n t , t h e program and c e r t a i n

re q u ire m e n ts a re a ls o Q u a litie s

is

c o m p e t e n t a d j u d i c a t o r a n d common a r e fo llo w e d by a l i s t i n g

o f NSBOVA

The im p r o v e m e n t o f a d j u d i c a t i o n m e t h o d s

c l i n i c s and w o rk sh o p s i s

o f how e a c h may b e h e l d

d i s c u s s e d w i t h some e x a m p l e s

su c c e ssfu lly .

G o n c lu sio n s. 1.

M u s ic f e s t i v a l s

if

p r o p e r ly p la n n e d and s ta g e d

o f f e r m any a d v a n t a g e s t o

stu d e n t, d ir e c to r ,

a d m i n i s t r a t o r an d s c h o o l m u sic g e n e r a l l y . 2.

NSBOVA i n g e n e r a l i s th e n a tio n a l f e s tiv a l

d o i n g a s p l e n d i d w o rk i n o r g a n i z a t i o n and a d m i n i s t r a ­

tio n . 3*

The b e n e f i t s

d e riv e d fro m s i g h t r e a d in g in

C a lif o r n ia f e s t i v a l s have not y e t reach ed t h e i r m axim um , p a r t i c u l a r l y A*

Some o r g a n i z a t i o n s

in th e

ch o ral f i e l d .

sp o n so rin g f e s t i v a l s

o v e rlo o k in g th e g r e a t v a lu e b an d s ju d g ed in f r o n t

are s t i l l

o f h a v in g m a rc h in g

o f an e n t h u s i a s t i c

f o llo w e d b y a m assed b a n d show .

a u d ie n c e ,

&4 5*

A d j u d i c a t i o n a s a w h o le i s f u l sta g in g m eans t o

of c lin ic s

good.

W is e a n d c a r e ­

and w orksh op s i s

im p ro v e a d j u d i c a t i o n m e th o d s .

im p ro v em en t i s

a p ro p er S uch

to be c o n tin u a lly en co u rag ed .

R e c o m m e n d a tio n s. 1.

C e rta in

s c h o o l m u sic t e a c h e r s *

o rg a n iz a tio n s

such

a s CSBOA a n d SCVA w h i c h s p o n s o r l a r g e a n d v e r y su ccessfu l fe s tiv a ls

h a v e w o rked i n

c lo s e

co o p era

t i o n w i t h MENC, NSBOVA 'and CMEA f o r m an y y e a r s . T h is a f f i l i a t i o n fe e lin g

w o u ld b e s t i l l

o f u n i t y much s t r o n g e r i f t h e s e t w o

o r g a n i z a t i o n s w o u ld v o t e t o to

g r e a t e r and th e

CMEA, S o u t h e r n S e c t i o n ,

and V o c a l D i v i s i o n .

change t h e i r

nam es

In stru m e n ta l D iv isio n

Id e n titie s

sh o u ld be k ep t

i n t a c t o th e r w is e , h o w ev er. 2.

S e l e c t i v e a n d c u m u l a t i v e m u sic l i s t s

u n d e r NSBOVA

s h o u l d b e m o re c l o s e l y a d h e r e d t o . 3*

T h e re sh o u ld b e c o m p u lso ry s i g h t r e a d i n g fe s tiv a ls .

It

in a l l

s h o u ld b e p r o p e r l y and t a c t f u l l y

a d m in iste re d . 4*

The s t a t e

f e s t i v a l b o a rd sh o u ld ta k e

c o o r d in a tin g and s ta n d a r d i z i n g th e aw ards in t h r e e

s t e p s to w ard

g iv in g

s t a t e m u sic f e s t i v a l s .

of

5•

The p l a n n i n g

and o r g a n iz a tio n

sh o u ld be s t a r t e d in 6*

o f som e f e s t i v a l s

e a r l i e r a n d m ore c a r e e x e r c i s e d

c a r r y in g o u t such p la n s and o r g a n i z a t i o n .

M ore m a r c h i n g b a n d c o m p e t i t i o n s h o u l d b e e n ­ c o u r a g e d i n m any f e s t i v a l s .

7*

M ore f e s t i v a l s id e a w ith i t s

sh o u ld u se th e m assed c o n c e r t g r e a t a d v a n t a g e s t o a l l who t a k e

p a rt. $.

A ll ty p e s o f c l i n i c s sh o u ld b e e n c o u ra g e d .

9*

Y oung a n d i n e x p e r i e n c e d a d j u d i c a t o r s s h o u l d b e tra in e d by a s e rie s o f a d ju d ic a tio n c lin ic s .

10.

T h e r e s h o u l d b e m o re a n d b e t t e r w o r k s h o p s o f a l l ty p e s•

11.

An i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t h e

C a l i f o r n i a m u sic f e s t i v a l

m ovem ent s h o u l d b e m ade p e r i o d i c a l l y a n d t h e re su lt

p u b lic iz e d .

u p -to -d a te c o n d itio n m en t .

T h is w o u ld r e s u l t of th e

sta te

in a h e a lth y ,

f e s t i v a l m ove­

B I B L I O G R A P H Y

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A.

DICTIONARIES AND HISTORIES

B i r g e , E d w a rd B * , H i s t o r y o f P u b l i c S c h o o l M u s ic i n t h e U n ite d S t a t e s . B o s t o n : O l i v e r . B i t s o n C om pan y, 1 9 2 $ • 2 9 5 ’ p p •-----------G r o v e s D i c t i o n a r y o f M u s ic a n d M u s i c i a n s . New Y o r k : The M a c m i l l a n C om p an y, 1 9 0 4 , 5 V o lu m e s ; 2 S u p p l e m e n t s , 1 940

T h e . Oxford Companion t o M u sic. P r e s s , l 9 l § . 976 pp*

B.

New York: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y

BOOKS

B e s t , C l a r e n c e J . , M u s ic Rooms a n d E q u i p m e n t . C h ica g o : M u s ic E d u c a t o r s N a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e , 1 9 4 9 • 112 p p . D v o r a k , Raymond F r a n c i s , The B an d on P a r a d e . New Y o r k : G a r l F i s c h e r , I n c o r p o r a t ’e d , 1 9 3 7 • 11 5 pp • D ykem a, P e t e r W ., a n d K a r l W. G e h r k e n s , The T e a c h i n g a n d Acfa i n i s t r a t i o n o f H ig h S c h o o l M u s i c . B o s t o n : C . C . B i r c h a r d a n d C om pany, 1 9 t l • 6 1 4 p p . F i n n , W i l l i a m J . , The C o n d u c t o r R a i s e s H i s B a t o n . H a r p e r and B r o t h e r s , 1944* 3 0 1 pp*

New Y o r k :

H i n d s l e y , M ark H . , S c h o o l B and a n d O r c h e s t r a A d m i n i s t r a t i o n . New Y o r k : B o o s e y a n d H a w k e s , I n c o r p o r a t e d , 1 9 4 0 * 1 6 7 PP J o n e s , L le w e lly n B ru c e , B u ild in g t h e I n s t r u m e n t a l D e p artm en t New Y o r k : C a r l F i s c h e r , i n c o r p o r a t e d , 1 9 4 9 • 145 P P • L a r s o n , W i l l i a m S . , B i o g r a p h y o f R e s e a r c h S t u d i e s i n M u s ic E d u c a tio n . C h ic a S o lM u s ic E d u c a to rs R e se a rc h C o u n c il T M W C )7"T 949 * 1 1 9 p p * M u s ic E d u c a t i o n S o u r c e B o o k . H a z e l N o h a v e c M o r g a n , e d i t o r . C h i c a g o : Mus i c E duc a t o r s N a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e , 194 7* 256

$7

M u s ic E d u c a t o r s N a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e Y e a r b o o k . C h i c a g o : MEftfC, 1 9 3 9 - 4 0 . Volume XXX, 6 1 4 P P • 36 V o l u m e s . N orm ann, T h e o d o re F . , S c h o o l s . B o sto n :

I n s t r u m e n t a l M u s ic i n t h e P u b l i c O l i v e r b i t s o n Co r n p a n y J 4 9

PP*

P r e s c o t t , G e r a l d R . , a n d L a w r e n c e W. C h i d e s t e r , G e t t i n g R e s u l t s w i t h S c h o o l B a n d s . New Y o r k : C a r l F i s c h e r , In c o r p o r a t e d , 1 9 3 3 • 273 P P • R i g h t e r , C h a r l e s B . , Sue c e s s i n T e a c h i n g S c h o o l O r c h e s t r a s a n d B a n d s . M i n n e a p o l i s : 'P a u l A . S c h m i t t C om pany, 1 9 4 5 * 211 p p . S c h o e n , M ax, T h e U n d e r s t a n d i n g o f M u s i c . H a r p e r a n d B ro t h e r s , 194 5 * "“ I& 7 pp •

New Y o r k :

W a rd , S y l v a n D o n a l d , T he I n s t r u m e n t a l D i r e c t o r * s H a n d b o o k . C h i c a g o : R u b a n k , I n c o r p o r a t e d , 1 9 4 6 -* 95 pp* W e ttla u fe r, B e lw in ,

J . M a y n a r d , B u i l d i n g a Show B a n d . I n c o r p o r a t e d , 1 943* £ 0 PP*

W i l s o n , H a r r y R o b e r t , M u s ic i n t h e S i l v e r B u r d e t t C om pany, 1 5 4 1 .

C.

New Y o r k :

H ig h S c h o o l . 440 p p .

New Y o r k :

PAMPHLETS AND BULLETINS

B and a n d O r c h e s t r a H a n d b o o k . E l k h a r t , I n d i a n a : Band I n s t r u m e n t C om pany, 1 9 4 6 * 136 pp*

Pan A m e ric an

C a l i f o r n i a S c h o o l Band a n d O r e h e s t r a A s s o c i a t i o n , ( S o u t h e r n D istric t) . F e s t i v a l B u l l e t i n # 1 , 1949 • 3 PP• Ca l i f o r n i a S c h o o l Band a n d O r c h e s t r a A s s o c i a t i o n , ( S o u t h e r n D is tr ic t). F e stiv a l B u l l e t i n # 2 , 1949•3P P • C a l i f o r n i a S c h o o l Band a n d O r c h e s t r a A s s o c i a t i o n , ( S o u t h e r n D istric t). F e s t i v a l B u l l e t i n $ 3 , 1949 • 5 PP* C a l i f o r n i a S c h o o l Band a n d O r c h e s t r a A s s o c i a t i o n , D is tr ic t). F o st F e s t i v a l B u lle tin " ! 3 pp.

(S o u th e rn

R e c r u i t i n g t h e S c h o o l Band a n d O r c h e s t r a . C h ic a g o : Lyons Band I n s t r u m e n t C om pany , 1 94 9 * 3 ^ PP •

D.

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

C a r l y o n , J o h n , T,The O r g a n i z a t i o n a n d A d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f a S c h o o l M u s ic C o m p e t i t i o n F e s t i v a l . " U n p u b lish e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s , U n i v e r s i t y o f I d a h o , M oscow , 1 9 4 0 . E v a n s , S a ra h E l i z a b e t h , " S c h o o l M u sic F e s t i v a l s i n N o r t h e r n C a lifo rn ia ." U n p u b lish e d M a s te r ’ s t h e s i s , S ta n f o r d U n i v e r s i t y , P a l o A l t o , 1947* M i n o r , C a r l W ., " C a l i f o r n i a M u s ic F e s t i v a l S u r v e y . " U n p u b lish e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s , S t a t e C o lle g e o f W a sh in g to n , P u llm a n , 1944• N e i l , R . J . , "T he D e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e C o m p e t i t i o n F e s t i v a l i n M u s ic E d u c a t i o n . " U n p u b lish e d D o c to r ’ s d i s s e r t a t i o n , G e o r g e P e a b o d y C o l l e g e f o r T e a c h e r s , N a s h v i l l e , 1944*

E.

PERIODICAL ARTICLES

" C o m p e t i t i o n s a n d F e s t i v a l s , " M u s ic E d u c a t o r s J o u r n a l , 3 1 : 3 6 - 3 7 , M a y - J u n e , 194 5* " C o m p e t i t i o n - F e s t i v a l s i n CMEA," CMEA N e w s, 3 : M ay -Ju n e, 1 9 5 0 .

5:

" C o n te st t o B e O r N o t t o B e t " CMEA N e w s , 3 : M a y - J u n e , 19 50 .

1»

5: 1 ,

D o l b y , P a u l M ., "T he N a t i o n a l S c h o o l Band C l i n i c o f t h e U. S . A i r F o r c e B a n d , " The S c h o o l M u s i c i a n , 2 0 : 7 : 1 4 - 1 6 , M arch , 1949• " F e s t i v a l s i n C a l i f o r n i a ? Y e s l " CMEA N ew s, 3 : M ay -June, 1 9 5 0 .

5:

1,

G r e g o r y , R o n a ld D ., " L e t ’ s F a c e t h e F a c t s A bout M a rc h in g B a n d s , The S c h o o l M u s i c i a n , 2 1 : 7 : $ - 9 , M a r c h , 1 9 5 0 . H e r r i c k , R o b e r t F . , "S o m e b o d y S a i d i t C o u l d n ’ t Be D o n e , " E d u c a t i o n a l M u s ic M a g a z i n e , I S : 3 : 1 3 - 1 9 , J a n u a r y P e b r u a r y , 1949 •

69

L o c k h a r t , L e e M ., " C o n s t r u c t i v e C r i t i c i s m s f o r C o n t e s t s a n d F e s t i v a l s , " Mus i c Educ a t o r s J o u r n a l , 2 1 : 2 : 7 - 2 0 , O c to b e r , 1934* M i l t o n , R o b e r t W*, "On S c h o o l M u s ic C o n t e s t s a n d F e s t i v a l s , " M u s ic E d u c a t o r s J o u r n a l , 3 2 : 2 : 3 0 - 3 2 , N o v e m b e r - D e c e m b e r , i w

r - ----------------------------------------

M u l l e r , J . F r e d e r i c k , " T r e n d s i n M u s ic E d u c a t i o n , P e r f o r m a n c e a n d P e r f e c t i o n , " The S c h o o l M u s i c i a n , 2 1 : ‘6 : 1 5 - 1 6 , F e b r u a r y , 1950* M e y e r s , F r e d e r i c k C . , " J u n i o r H ig h a n d E l e m e n t a r y F e s t i v a l s , " The I n s t r u m e n t a l i s t ,. 4 : 3 : 1 3 , J a n u a r y - F e b r u a r y , 1 9 5 0 . P o t t s , P h i l i p 0 . , " M i c h i g a n O r c h e s t r a s C a r r y Y o u th i n t o A d u l t A c t i v i t i e s , " M u s ic E d u c a t o r s J o u r n a l , 1 7 : 4 : 2 2 - 2 3 , F e b ru a ry -M a rc h , 1950^ R o b e r t s , B o b , "T he 1 9 4 9 - 5 0 C o m p e t i t i o n F e s t i v a l C a l e n d a r , " M a j o r e t t e s on P a r a d e , 1 : 3 , M arch , 1 9 5 0 . R o h n e r , T r a u g o t t , "Band a n d O r c h e s t r a F e s t i v a l s , " The I n s t r u m e n t a l i s t , 4: 1: 1 0 - 1 1 , J a n u a r y - F e b r u a r y , 1950 . S c h i l l i n g , R i c h a r d , "A M a s s e d B an d F e s t i v a l , " T he I n s t r u m e n t a l i s t , 4: 3: 1 2 , J a n u a r y - F e b r u a r y , 1 9 5 0 . S y m p o s iu m , " M u s ic F o r E v e r y b o d y , " M u s ic E d u c a t o r s J o u r n a l , 17: 6: 1 0 -2 1 , M ay -Jun e, 1 9 5 0 . W r i g h t , A1 G . , " M a r c h i n g M a n e u v e r s T h a t A l l May S e e , " The I n s t r u m e n t a l i s t , 4 : 1 : 6 - 1 1 , S e p t e m b e r - O c t o b e r , 1949*7

APPENDIX "A"

ADJUDICATORS DIRECTORY FOR CALIFORNIA B ad g er, F l o s s i t a

S an F r a n c i s c o

B a ird ,

San J o s e S t a t e C o l le g e

B arr,

F o rrest G eorge

C ity C o lle g e

M u s ic S u p e r v i s o r , S a c r a m e n t o

B eck, C h e ste r

S a n ta R osa J u n i o r C o lle g e

B e r d a h l, A rth u r

F re sn o S t a te C o lle g e

B o d le y , R u ss e l

C o lle g e of P a c i f i c ,

B ruggm an, J o s e p h

U n iv e rs ity

B u rsto n ,

M o rs e M. P r e e m a n , L os A n g e l e s

J u s tin

S to c k to n

o f R e d la n d s

B u r t , G e o r g e W*

F u lle rto n

C a in , N o b le

452 6 W. 1 6 t h P I * , L os A n g e l e s

Ca r l y o n , M e r t o n

W a ts o n v ille S c h o o ls

C h o a te , R o b ert

O a k la n d S c h o o ls

C h r i s m a n , L ee

San F r a n c is c o

C lau so n , L e s lie

Los A n g e l e s C i t y C o l l e g e

C lo k e y ,

Box 2 3 $ , L e u c a d i a

J o s e p h W.

J u n io r G o lleg e

S t a te C o lle g e

C o l l i n s , M ijron

S a n D ie g o S t a t e C o l l e g e

C o n f e r , H a ro ld

San B e r n a r d in o V a lle y C o lle g e

Co n n , P . C *

L o c k i e M u s ic E x c h a n g e , Los A n g e l e s

D o d so n , K e n n eth

P ied m o n t S c h o o ls

D o w n ey , L y l e

San J o s e S t a t e C o l l e g e

E a g a n , Thomas

S an J o s e S t a t e C o l l e g e

E r le n d s o n , W illia m

San Jo se S t a t e C o lle g e

E venson, P a tte e

S a n D ie g o S t a t e

C o lle g e

91 F a u lk n e r , M a u rice

U n iv e rs ity of C a lif o r n ia , S a n ta B arb ara

F r e e b u r g , Roy

S an F r a n c i s c o

F reem an, F ra n k

M a r y s v i l l e H ig h S c h o o l

G o u ld , W illia m

C o o r d i n a t o r o f M u sic L *D *S. c h u r c h e s , Los A n g e l e s

G ra ic h e n , F red

S u p e r v i s o r o f M u sic , Los A n g e le s

G r e e n , M yron

San D ie g o C ity S c h o o ls

H a rtz le r,

San J o s e S t a t e C o lle g e

K e n n eth

S t a te C o lle g e

H eagy, C la re n c e

C o n su lta n t F resn o

H e i s i n g e r , H a ro ld

C o lle g e o f P a c i f i c ,

H enderson,

R e ed ley C ity S c h o o ls

H irt,

J . C h a n d le r

I n s t r u m e n t a l M u sic , . S to c k to n

U n iv e r s ity o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s

C h a rle s

Ho w l a n d , R us s e l l

F re sn o S t a t e C o lle g e

H u t c h i n s o n , Clem

U n iv e r s ity of S o u th e rn C a li f o r n ia , Los A n g e le s

K e ith ,

Pomona C i t y S c h o o l s

John

K n u th , W illia m

E.

San F r a n c is c o

S ta te C o lle g e

K r o n e , Max

U n iv e r s ity o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a , L os A n g e l e s

K r u t h , E d w in

San F r a n c is c o S t a t e C o lle g e

Kyme, G e o r g e

O a k lan d C ity S c h o o ls

J a n o w s k y , Edwa r d

S an D ie g o S c h o o ls

J o h n s o n , H a ro ld

San J o s e S t a t e

92 J o h n s o n , H e n ry

U n iv e rs ity of C a lif o r n ia , Los A n g e les

J o n e s , E d w in

U n iv e rs ity of C a lif o r n ia , S a n ta B a rb a ra

J o r d a l e n , M a rio n

S to c k to n S c h o o ls

Landon,

S u p e r v is o r o f M u s ic , San B e rn a rd in o

J o s e p h W.

L a n e , E lm o n t

A u b u rn S c h o o l s

L a w s o n , D a v id

C o lle g e o f P a c i f i c ,

L in d g re n ,

W i l t o n H ig h S c h o o l , Long B e a c h

C arl

S to c k to n

Lohm ann, M a r g a r e th a

W h it t ie r C o lle g e

L o rd , J e w e ll

O a k lan d P u b l i c

M a n ic in i, F rank

M o d e s to S c h o o l s

M ason, C h e s te r

S u p e r v is o r o f M u s ic , San J o s e

M ay, E l i z a b e t h

S a c ra m en to S t a t e C o lle g e

M cC o rm ac, H a l s t a d

A lh a m b r a H ig h S c h o o l

M c K illo p , K e ith

S a l i n a s H ig h S c h o o l

M c N a u g h to n , P a t t o n

U n iv e rs ity o f C a lif o r n ia , Los A n g e les

M i l a n d , E m il

A la m e d a H ig h S c h o o l

M o o re , W esle y

B a k e r s f i e l d H ig h S c h o o l

Newman, L o r e t t a

H a rb o r J u n i o r C o l l e g e , W ilm in g to n

O h le n d o rf, F red

L on g B e a c h C i t y S c h o o l s

O t i s , T ed

L ong B e a c h B a t o n T w i r l i n g In stru c to r

O w ens, K en n eth D•

K e a r n e y H ig h S c h o o l , S a n D ie g o

S c h o o ls

93 P a rrish ,

C arl

Pomona C o l l e g e ,

C lare m o n t

P e t e r s o n , R a lp h J .

Los A n g e le s C ity C o l le g e

P o t t e r , F lo y

S a c ra m en to C ity S c h o o ls

P u rse ll,

P e a s e C o n s e r v a to r y , S a cram en to

F ran k

R ich a rd so n , A rlie

O a k lan d C i t y S c h o o ls

R o b e rts , R obert

L os A n g e l e s B a t o n T w i r l i n g In stru c to r

R o b in so n , F ra n c e s

San J o s e

R odney, G eorge

R o d n e y M u s ic C o m p an y , L os A n g e l e s

R o n f e ld t, L o u is

M ount S a n A n t o n i o J u n i o r C o l l e g e

R u f f , E rw in

U n i v e r s ity o f R e d la n d s

R u sh , R a lp h E .

U n iv e rs ity of S o u th e rn C a lif o r n ia , Los A n g e le s

R y a n , T hom as

San J o s e S t a t e

S a w h ill,

U n iv e rs ity o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s

C la re n c e

C o lle g e

S c h o w a lte r , W ilb u r

R e d la n d s S c h o o ls

S c h w a r t z , E lw y n

F re sn o S t a t e C o lle g e

S h o r t , M i c h a e l V*

S to c k to n C ity S ch o o ls

S h o u s e , M ary

Long B each C i t y S c h o o ls

S h u g a rt, K e lita

Los A n g e le s M u s ic ia n ’ s A s s o c ia t io n

S ilfie s ,

O a k lan d P u b l i c S c h o o ls

R o llin

S q u i r e s , Dr*

P e p p e rd in e C o lle g e

Sw ansea, M arg aret

E l M o n te H ig h S c h o o l

T h o m a s, Wade

S a n t a M o n ica C i t y S c h o o ls

94 T r i t t , E d w a rd

U n i v e r s i t y o f R e d la n d s

V in c e n t,

U n iv e rs ity of C a lifo rn ia , Los A n g e le s

John

W agner,* R o g e r

C i v i c M u s ic B u r e a u ; C i t y H a l l , Los A n g e le s

W a lte r,

San Jo s e S t a t e C o lle g e

W a lte rs,

G ib so n Ingram P .

O c c id e n ta l C o lle g e

W e lls , L o is

E l M o n te H ig h S c h o o l

W e stp h a l, F r e d r ic k

S a c ra m en to S t a t e C o lle g e

W h ite , Rodney

Los A n g e le s B a to n T w ir lin g In stru c to r

W illia m s , M a rg are t

H o lle n b e e h J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l , L os A n g e l e s

W in g , G e o r g e

Van N uys J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l

W in te rs,

F re sn o S t a t e C o lle g e

Jam es

Z im m erm an , A l e x

San D ie g o S c h o o ls

APPENDIX "B"

TABLE I

CALIFORNIA I9 4 9 -5 O FESTIVAL-CONFERENCE CALENDAR

CMEA SECTION

DATE

PLACE

EVENT

N a tio n a l S ta te

M arch 1 3 -2 3 A p r il 2 -4

S t . L o u is Los A n g e l e s

M u s ic E d u c a t o r s N a t i o n a l C o n f C a lif.M u s ic E d u c a to rs A ssn.

B ay S e c t i o n

J a n . 13-14

S to c k to n

M arch 4 May 5 - 6

S to c k to n S an J o s e

B ach F e s t i v a l * ( C o l l e g e o f th e P a c if ic ) Band C l i n i c N o rth ern C a l i f . F e s t i v a l (CMEA No. A re a )

M arch 1 7 - 1 3

F resno

M arch 2 4 -2 5 May 19

B a k e rsfie ld S a n ta B a rb ara

C o m p e tit i o n - F e s t i v a l (CMEA C e n t r a l A re a ) C o m p e titio n -F e stiv a l 1 4 t h A nn u al Band F e s t i v a l *

C e n tra l C oast

A p r i l 29

S a lin a s

C e n t r a l C o a s t M u sic F e s t i v a l

N o rth C o a st

A p r i l 21

E u re k a

H u m b o ld t- D e l N o r t e M u sic F e s t :

M e n d o c in o L ake

A p r i l 22

U kiah

M en d o cin o L ake M usic F e s t i v a l

N o rth ern S e c tio n

May 6 A p r i l 29

F a i r Oaks C h ic o ( S o . S e c t . )

A p r i l 29

R e d d in g (N o .S e c t.)

F o o t h i l l M u sic F e s t i v a l N o rth e rn S acram en to V a lle y F e stiv a l N o r th e r n S ac ra m en to V a lle y F e stiv a l

C e n tra l S e c tio n

(C o n tin u e d )

TABLE I

(CONTINUED)

CMEA SECTION

D a te

P la ce

Event

S o u th e rn S e c tio n

F e b . 25 M arch 10 M arch 10 March 10 M arch 18 March 1$ M arch 24 M arch 2 4 -2 5 M arch 25 M arch 25

Los A n g e les,U S C H o lly w o o d Anaheim Pomona Los A n g e le s Los A n g e l e s Long B each S a n D iego San B e rn a rd in o Long B each

A p ril 1 A p r i l 1 4 -1 5 A p r il 2 7 ,2 8 ,2 9

S a n t a M on ica E s c o n d id o Pomona

A p r i l 28 May 5 - 6 May 12

E l M onte Long B each R e d la n d s

CSBOA Band a n d O r c h e s t r a C l i n i c SCVA J r . H. S . F e s t i v a l O ra n g e C o u n ty F e s t i v a l * SCVA J r . H. S . F e s t i v a l CSBOA D i s t r i c t F e s t i v a l ( H . S . ) CSBOA D i s t r i c t F e s t i v a l ( J r . H . ) SCVA C h o r a l F e s t i v a l CSBOA D i s t r i c t F e s t i v a l ( S a n D ieg o C o .) CSBOA D i s t r i c t F e s t i v a l C i t y S c h o o l s J r . H. S . S o l o & E n s e m b le s CSBOA D i s t r i c t F e s t i v a l S a n D iego C o u n ty V o c a l F e s t i v a l CSBOA I n s t r u m e n t a l F e s t i v a l (CMEA S o . A r e a ) Ye F r i e n d l y G le e C lub F e s t i v a l * S o .C a l i f .J u n i o r C o lle g e F e s t i v a l s * SCVA J u n i o r H . S . F e s t i v a l

N o te:

* N o n -c o m p e titio n f e s t i v a l s . T h is c a l e n d a r c o m p i l e d b y t h e CMEA S t a t e F e s t i v a l C h airm an and s e n t t o a l l c h a i r m e n .

vO

ON

TABLE I I

INCREASE IN ORGANIZATIONS AND STUDENTS IN NORTHWEST (REGIONAL) COMPETITION-FESTIVALS DURING A THREE-YEAR PERIOD*

"TT7TIL ENTRIES BANDS

1933

TOTAL’

STUDENTS

1939

1940

■""Tom -------- T u r n -

“ TUTIE-------TOTIE

ENTRIES

ENTRIES

STUDENTS

STUDENTS

327

1 9 ,9 7 1

342

2 0 ,7 6 6

436

2 6 ,6 1 7

ORCHESTRAS

60

3 ,4 2 2

111

5 ,6 6 1

S3

4 ,6 7 5

CHORUSES

75

3 ,5 4 6

194

6 ,2 2 4

333

13 ,4 6 3

ENSEMBLES (IN S T R .)

522

2,276

925

3 ,6 5 9

1 ,3 0 9

5 ,4 7 5

ENSEMBLES {VOCAL)

36

150

176

952

30 3

1 ,7 0 1

SOLOISTS (IN S T R .)

2 ,4 0 7

2 ,4 0 7

3 ,3 9 4

3 ,3 9 4

4 ,4 7 6

4 ,4 7 6

210

210

540

540

961

961

SOLOISTS (VOCAL)

3 1 ,9 6 4

4 3 ,3 9 6

5 7 ,3 7 3

* MENC Y e a r b o o k , 1 9 3 9 - 4 0 , p . 5 1 0 .

VO

TABLE I I I STUDENT»S CRITICISM SHEET S t u d e n t f s Name Name o f O r g a n i z a t i o n _______________ S e l e c t i o n s P la y e d :

C l a s s ______________

1#_____________________________________________ 2

. _______________________________

3 - ______________________________________ . C heck t h e r a t i n g f a c t o r s b e lo w : Tone Q u a l i t y S e le c tio n 1. S e le c tio n 2. S e l e c t i o n 3*

y o u w o u ld c o n s i d e r p r o p e r f o r e a c h o f t h e

(b e a u ty , sm o o th n e ss, b a la n c e , r ic h n e s s ) E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor E x c e lle n t Good F a i r ______P o o r ____

I n t o n a t i o n ( s t r i n g s , w o o d w in d s , b r a s s e s , i n d i v i d u a l s ) S e le c tio n 1. E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor S e le c tio n s . E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor S e l e c t i o n 3* E x c e l l e n t ____ Good____ F a i r ______ P o o r ____ T e c h n iq u e ( p r e c i s i o n , f l u e n c y , a r t i c u l a t i o n ) S e le c tio n 1. E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor S e le c tio n 2. E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor S e l e c t i o n 3* E x c e l l e n t ____ Good____ F a i r ______P o o r ____ I n t e r p r e t a t i o n ( p h r a s i n g , s t y l e , e x p r e s s i o n , d y n a m ic s , tem p o ) S e le c tio n 1. E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor S e le c tio n 2. E x c e lle n t Good F a ir Poor S e le c tio n 3E x c e l l e n t ____Good_______ F a i r _____ P o o r ____ G en eral E S e le c tio n S e le c tio n S e le c tio n

f f e c t ( s p i r i t , s i n c e r i t y , a p p e a ra n c e , s ta g e d e p o rtm en t) 1. E x c e l l e n t ____Good ■ F a i r ______ P o o r ____ 2. E x c e l l e n t ____Good______ F a i r _____ P o o r ____ 3E x c e l l e n t ____Good______ F a i r _____ P o o r ____

G e n e r a l c o m m e n ts on p e r f o r m a n c e i n c l u d i n g p o in ts:

s t r o n g a n d w e ak

F i n a l R a tin g D i v i s i o n I , I T , ’1 1 1 ; T V ;■ 'V

99 TABLE IV

CALIFORNIA MUSIC EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION STATE MUSIC FESTIVAL, NORTHERN AREA* May 1 7 , I S , 1 9 5 0 San J o s e S t a t e C o lle g e and San J o s e U n i f i e d S c h o o l D i s t r i c t San J o s e , C a l i f o r n i a

P ia n o S o lo s V ocal S o lo s S t r i n g S o lo s W oodwind S o l o s B ra s s S o lo s P e r c u s s io n S o lo s V o c a l E n se m b les S t r i n g E n se m b le s W oodw ind E n s e m b l e s B r a s s E n se m b les P e r c u s s i o n E n se m b le s

67 91

67 91 20 25 26 15

T o ta l I n s tr u m e n ta l S o lo s T o ta l S o lo s

$5 243

g

g

25

30 3&

&

G i r l s T C h o ru ses Boys 1 C h o ru s e s M ix e d C h o r u s e s

13 3 34

O rc h e s tra s B ands

42 53

T o ta l E n tr ie s

T o t a l I n s t r u m e n t a l E n se m b les 101 T o t a l E n se m b le s 109

T o ta l C horuses

T o ta l L arg e I n s tr u m e n ta l G roups

(not in c lu d in g

T o ta l E s tim a te d S tu d e n t

S i g h t R e a d in g )

P a rtic ip a tio n

50

95

497 £ ,5 0 0

100 TABLE V CALIFORNIA MUSIC EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION STATE MUSIC FESTIVAL, CENTRAL AREA* May 1 7 , 1 $ , 1 9 5 0 , F r e s n o , C a l i f o r n i a

52 61

P ia n o S o lo s V ocal S o lo s S t r i n g S o lo s W oodwind S o l o s B ra s s S o lo s P e rc u ssio n

52 61 33 46 63 7

P ia n o E n sem b les V o c al E n se m b le s S t r i n g E n se m b les W oodwind E n s e m b l e s B r a s s E n se m b le s P e r c u s s i o n E n se m b les

1 23 6 13 24 3

T o ta l I n s t r u m e n t a l E n se m b les T o t a l E n se m b les

46 70

G i r l s ’ C ho ruses B oys’ C horu ses M ix e d C h o r u s e s

21 2 32

T o ta l C h o ru ses

55

O rc h e s tra s B ands

20 36

Tot a l I n s t r u m e n t a l S o lo s T o ta l S o lo s

149 262 1 23

T o ta l L arg e I n s tr u m e n ta l G ro u p s

* C e n t r a l A rea a l s o s p o n s o re d a f e s tiv a l a t B a k e rsfie ld , M a rc h 2 4 , 2 5 , 1 9 5 0 *

56

T o ta l E n tr ie s

445

T o ta l E stim a te d S tu d e n t P a r t ic ip a t io n

5 ,5 0 0

101 TABLE V I

CALIFORNIA SCHOOL BAND AND ORCHESTRA ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN DISTRICT STATE INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC FESTIVAL, SOUTHERN AREA* A p r i l 2 7 , 2 S , 2 9 , 1950 L o s A n g e l e s C o u n ty F a i r g r o u n d s , P om on a, C a l i f o r n i a

S t r i n g S o lo s W oodwind S o l o s B ra s s S o lo s P e r c u s s io n S o lo s B a to n T w ir lin g S o lo s

91 75 95 17 52

S tu d e n t C o n d u c to rs

12

S t r i n g E n se m b les W oodwind E n s e m b l e s B r a s s E n se m b le s P e r c u s s i o n E n sem b les B a to n T w i r li n g E n se m b les F la g T w ir lin g E n se m b les

27 37 23 2 12 4

O rc h e s tra s Bands

-53 62

* C h o ral c o m p e titio n in S o u t h e r n A re a was c a r r i e d on by s i x f e s t i v a l s u n d e r s p o n s o rs h ip o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a V ocal A s s o c ia tio n .

T o ta l I n s tr u m e n ta l S o lo s

27$ 52 12

T o ta l In s tru m e n ta l E n se m b les T o ta l T w ir lin g E n se m b les

$9 16

T o ta l L arge I n s tr u m e n ta l G roups

115

T o ta l E n tr ie s (n o t i n e lu d in g S ig h t R e ad in g ) T o ta l E stim a te d S tu d e n t P a rtic ip a tio n

562

6 ,5 0 0

APPENDIX "C " CERTIFICATES

U nivwioity o f S o u t h a . n C a lif o r n ia Library

»«K P ’iMi.