A survey of school district organization in Kern County, California to determine the need for redistricting
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A SURVEY OF SCHOOL DISTRICT ORGANIZATION IN KERN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR REDISTRICTING
A T h e s is P r e s e n te d t o th e F a c u l t y o f th e S c h o o l o f E d u c a tio n U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a
In P a r tia l F u lfillm e n t o f th e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r th e D eg ree M a s te r o f S c ie n c e i n E d u c a tio n
by W a lla c e H enry B r i e r l e y J u n e 1950
UMI Number: EP56169
All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
Dissertation Publishing
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This thesis, w ri tt en und er the direction of the Chairman of the ca ndidate3s G ui dan ce C o m m it te e an d a p p r o v e d by all m e m b e rs of the C o m m it te e , has been pr es e nt e d to an d a c c e p te d by the F acu lt y of the S c h o o l of E du c a ti o n of the Univ ersity of Southern C alifornia in p a r ti a l fu lfillme nt of the requirements f o r the deg ree of M a s t e r of Science in Ed ucation.
Dean Guidance Committee
Chairman
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I.
PAGE
THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED The p ro b le m
. .
1
. . . , .......................
2
S ta te m e n t o f t h e p ro b le m • • • • • • • • •
2
Im p o rta n c e o f t h e s tu d y
•
L i m i t a t i o n s o f th e s tu d y • • • • • • • • •
4
D e f i n i t i o n o f te rm s u se d • M eth o d o lo g y
4
. . . . . . . . . .
A re a s o f i n v e s t i g a t i o n S o u rc e s o f d a t a
........................
6
.......................
6
................................
.
A n a ly s is o f d a t a . . • • • • • • • • » . . Summary o f c h a p t e r I
6 7
. . ...........................................
O r g a n iz a tio n o f t h e r e m a in d e r o f t h e II.
2
8
th e s is
9
. . .
10
. .
10
THE UNIONIZATION MOVEMENT AND RELATED INVESTIGATIONS............................. F i r s t sch o o l o rg a n iz a tio n in C a lifo rn ia O r g a n iz a tio n by s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s
• • • • • •
11
P r e v io u s s t u d i e s o f s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n i n C a lifo rn ia • • • • . • • • « C h a p te r summary III.
.......................
.
. * • • . . « • • • • • • •
13
16
CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR SCHOOL DISTRICT ORGANIZATION ........................
. . . . . . . . . .
G o als o f e d u c a t i o n .....................................................
17 17
ii CHAPTER
PAGE F u n c tio n an d d e s i r a b l e s i z e o f a d m in is tra tiv e u n its
• • • • • • • • • •
18
C r i t e r i a recom m ended b y t h e G uyer C o m m i s s i o n ...................................................................
20
C h a r a c te r is tic s o f a u n ifie d sch o o l o rg a n iz a tio n
. .......................................... . . . .
C h a p te r s u m m a ry ....................... IV .
22 24
PRESENT SCHOOL ORGANIZATION IN KERN COUNTY S iz e an d to p o g ra p h y o f K ern C ounty
.
. . . .
25 25
E a s t K ern C o u n t y .....................................................
27
M o u n ta in a r e a
28
C e n tra l a r e a W est K ern C ounty
. • • •
.......................
28 28
B ack g ro u n d o f s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n i n K ern C ounty
• • • • • • • • . « • • • • • • •
E x is tin g sch o o l d i s t r i c t s
.......................
29 •
21
S e r v i c e s p r o v id e d by th e C ounty S u p e r in te n d e n t
• • • • • • . » . • • •
22
D e s c r i p t i o n o f s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s by area s . * • • • • • W e s te rn a r e a
.................................. ..........................................
24 24
C e n t r a l v a l l e y a r e a ...............................................
26
M o u n ta in a r e a • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
29
D e se rt a re a • • • • • • • • • • « • • • »
42
iii CHAPTER
PAGE E x trem e v a r i a t i o n i n a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n o f e le m e n ta r y s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s S e c o n d a ry s y s te m s
• • • . •
42
• • • • • • • . . . • •
44
In c re a s e d a v e ra g e d a i ly a tte n d a n c e . . . .
49
S ig n ific a n c e o f r i s i n g b i r t h r a t e
49
. . . . .
E f f e c t o f b i r t h r a t e an d im m ig r a tio n upon f u tu r e a tte n d a n c e it
• • . • • • • • • • •
49
In c re a se d b i r t h r a t e reco rd ed fo r com m unity c e n t e r s
. * . • • • • • • • •
G rad es p e r t e a c h e r an d t e a c h e r lo a d
55
. . .
57
S u p e r v is io n , s p e c i a l s u b j e c t t e a c h e r s an d c o o p e r a t i v e s e r v i c e t e a c h i n g p l a n
•
57
E ffe c t o f v a r ia tio n s in a sse sse d v a lu a tio n o f d i s t r i c t s upon s a l a r i e s o f c e r t i f i c a t e d em p lo y ees . . . • • • • • •
65
S u rv e y on t r a i n i n g o f c e r t i f i c a t e d p e r s o n n e l c o n d u c te d by o f f i c e o f S u p e r in te n d e n t o f s c h o o ls
• • • • • • •
69
E ffe c t of v a ria tio n s in assessed v a l u a t i o n o f d i s t r i c t s upon q u a l i t y o f t e a c h e r s em ployed i n e le m e n ta r y s c h o o ls
71
E ffe c t of v a ria tio n s in assessed v a l u a t i o n o f d i s t r i c t s upon q u a l i t y o f t e a c h e r s em ployed I n h ig h s c h o o ls
. . .
79
iv CHAPTER
PAGE
P e rc e n ta g e o f c e r t i f i c a t e d p e rs o n n e l in K ern c o u n ty s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s h o ld in g em erg en cy o r p r o v i s i o n a l te a c h i n g . . . .
80
.
c r e d e n t i a l s o n ly
C o m p ariso n o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e x p e n s e s f o r th e v a rio u s d i s t r i c t s
• • • . • • • • • •
87
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e x p e n s e s f o r s e c o n d a ry .
s y s te m s • • . . * ........................ C h a p te r summary V.
92
PROPOSED REORGANIZATION OP ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS . . . . . . . . . .................................* . .
95
A rea I .
95
W est K ern C o u n ty
A rea I I .
N o rth c e n t r a l a n d n o r t h - w e s t e r n
K ern C o u n ty ................................. A re a I I I . K ern A re a IV .
. . . . . . .
99
C e n t r a l an d s o u t h c e n t r a l
C o u n t y ......... ............... E a s t e r n K ern C o u n ty . . . . . . .
C h a p te r summary ....................... V I.
92
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . Summary C o n c lu s io n s • « . . . *
104 109 117 119 119
.................... . . . . .
121
C h a p te r summary . . • • • • • . • • » . . «
126
BIBLIOGRAPHY................................ ....................................................
127
LIST OF TABLES TABLE I.
PAGE S i z e , W e a lth an d C u r r e n t C o s ts o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n t h e W e ste rn P a r t o f K ern C o u n ty , a s o f J u l y 1 , 1 9 4 $ .......................................
II.
35
S i z e , W e a lth an d C u r r e n t C o s ts o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n t h e N o rth C e n t r a l P a r t o f K ern C o u n ty , a s o f J u l y 1 , 1 9 4 # ...............................
III.
37
S i z e , W e a lth and C u r r e n t C o s ts o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n t h e C e n tr a l P a r t o f K ern C o u n ty , a s o f J u l y 1 , 1 9 4 $ ..................................
IV .
3$
S i z e , W e a lth and C u r r e n t C o s ts o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n t h e S o u th C e n t r a l P a r t o f K ern C o u n ty , a s o f J u l y 1 ,
V.
194$ * ..................
40
S i z e , W e a lth an d C u r r e n t C o s ts o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n t h e M o u n ta in A re a s o f K ern C o u n ty , a s o f J u l y 1 , 1 9 4 $ ..................................
V I.
41
S i z e , W e a lth an d C u r r e n t C o s ts o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n t h e D e s e r t A re a s o f K ern C o u n ty , a s o f J u l y 1 , 1 9 4 $ ..................................
V II.
43
S iz e an d W e a lth o f E le m e n ta ry S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n K ern C o u n ty , a s o f J u l y 1 , 1 9 4 $ ......................................................................................
V III.
45
S iz e an d W e a lth o f H igh S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n K ern C o u n ty , a s
J u ly
1 9 4 $ .......................
50
vi
TABLE IX*
PAGE L iv e B i r t h s i n K ern CoUnty by Towns f o r Y e a rs 194 6 -1 9 4 7 .......................................................................
X*
56
G ra d e s p e r T e a c h e r an d T e a c h e r Load i n K ern C ounty E le m e n ta ry S c h o o ls f o r t h e S c h o o l Y ear 1 9 4 7 - 1 9 4 3 .............................................................
XI*
53
Number o f F u ll-T im e A d m in is tr a to r s an d S u p e r v i s o r s , T e a c h e rs o f S p e c i a l S u b je c ts and C o o p e r a tiv e S e r v ic e T e a c h e rs i n Kern C ounty E le m e n ta ry S c h o o ls D u rin g t h e S c h o o l Y ear 1 9 4 6 -1 9 4 7 ...................
X II*
. . . . . . .
60
A v erag e S a l a r i e s P a id t o C e r t i f i c a t e d E m ployees i n 1 9 4 7 -1 9 4 3 by K ern C ounty E le m e n ta ry S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s
X III*
. ..................................
64
P ro p o se d S a la r y S c h e d u le f o r F u l l Time E le m e n ta ry T e a c h e rs i n K ern C ounty f o r 1 9 4 3 -4 9
XIV.
6S
A v erag e S a l a r i e s P a id t o C e r t i f i c a t e d E m ployees i n 1 9 4 7 -1 9 4 3 by K ern C ounty S e c o n d a ry S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s
XV.
......................................
T r a in in g o f K ern C o u n ty E le m e n ta ry T e a c h e rs f o r S c h o o l Y ear 1 9 4 6 -1 9 4 7 ..........................................
XVI*
70
72
T r a in in g o f K ern C ounty S e c o n d a ry T e a c h e rs f o r S c h o o l Y ear 1 9 4 6 -1 9 4 7
............................* . •
74
v ii TABLE XVII*
PAGE P e r c e n ta g e o f T e a c h e rs Em ployed i n E le m e n ta ry S c h o o ls H aving F o u r o r More T e a c h e rs a n d Which Have a n A.V* p e r A .D .A . b e lo w # 1 0 ,0 0 0
X V III.
P e r c e n ta g e o f T e a c h e rs n o t H o ld in g a B a c h e lo r ’ s D e g re e , Em ployed i n S c h o o ls o f F o u r T e a c h e rs an d L a rg e r W hich Have a n A.V. p e r A .D .A . i n E x c e ss o f # 1 0 ,0 0 0 . . . . . .
XIX.
P e r c e n ta g e o f
S e c o n d a ry T e a c h e rs w ith L ess
Than Minimum T r a in in g R e q u ire m e n ts XX.
76
P e r c e n ta g e o f
. . . .
77
F u l l Time E le m e n ta ry
C e r t i f i c a t e d E m ployees H o ld in g Em ergency o r P r o v i s i o n a l C r e d e n t i a l s o n ly D u rin g t h e S c h o o l Y ear 1 9 4 7 - 1 9 4 3 ...................................... XXI.
P e r c e n ta g e o f
31
F u l l Time C e r t i f i c a t e d
E m ployees i n K ern C ounty E le m e n ta ry S c h o o ls H o ld in g Em ergency o r P r o v i s i o n a l C r e d e n t i a l s O nly D u rin g t h e S c h o o l Y ear 19 4 3 -1 9 4 9 . . XXII*
..............................................................
33
P e r c e n ta g e o f F u l l Time C e r t i f i c a t e d E m ployees o f H igh S c h o o ls i n K ern C ounty H o ld in g Em ergency C r e d e n t i a l s O n ly , D u rin g t h e S c h o o l Y ear 1 9 4 7 -1 9 4 3 ......................................
36
v iii TABLE X X III.
PAGE P e r c e n ta g e o f F u l l Time C e r t i f i c a t e d E m ployees o f H igh S c h o o ls i n K ern C o u n ty , H o ld in g E m ergency C r e d e n t i a l s O n ly , d u r in g t h e S c h o o l Y ear 1 9 4 3 -1 9 4 9
XXIV.
33
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n E x p e n se s o f K ern C ounty E le m e n ta ry S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s
XXV#
. . . . .
. . . . . . . .
$9
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n E x p en se s o f K ern C ounty S e c o n d a ry S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s f o r Y e a rs 1 9 4 2 -1 9 4 5 an d 1 9 4 6 -1 9 4 3
.................................
93
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.
PAGE
E le m e n ta ry A v erag e D a ily A tte n d a n c e f o r K ern C ounty
2.
51
H igh S c h o o l A v erag e D a ily A tte n d a n c e f o r K ern C ounty
3.
f o r Y e a rs 1 9 4 0 - 1 9 4 $ ......................................
f o r Y e a rs 1 9 4 0 -1 9 4 $ . . . . . . . .
52
I n c r e a s e i n K ern C ounty B i r t h r a t e f o r Y e a rs 1 9 3 0 -1 9 4 7 ..................................................................................
53
LIST OF MAPS MAP
PAGE
1.
E le m e n ta ry S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s
2.
H ig h S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s S e r v in g K ern C o u n ty
3
P ro p o s e d R e o rg a n iz e d A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A rea
*
i n K ern C ounty ♦ ♦ . . • .
♦
No. 1
30
48
97
4*
P ro p o s e d A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A re a No. 2 . . . . . .
5.
P ro p o s e d A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A rea No. 3
6.
P ro p o s e d A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A rea Nof 4 . . . . . .
7.
P ro p o s e d A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A re a s Sum m arized . . . .
*
.
.........................
100 106
.
Ill 118
CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED I t h a s lo n g b e e n e v i d e n t t o e d u c a to r s t h a t t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a s c h o o l sy s te m i s a f a c t o r w h ic h may d e te r m in e w h e th e r y o u th i s w e l l o r p o o r ly e d u c a te d . Numerous s t u d i e s h av e e s t a b l i s h e d t h e f a c t t h a t i n g e n e ra l, la r g e r u n its o f sc h o o l a d m in is tr a tio n a r e a tte n d e d by t h e f o llo w in g s
im p ro v ed f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t , w id e r o f f e r
in g s i n th e c u r r i c u l a , b e t t e r te a c h in g , b e t t e r s u p e rv is io n and a d m in is tr a tio n .
O th e r f a c t o r s r e m a in in g c o n s t a n t , l a r g e r
u n i t s o f a d m i n i s t r a t i o n w i l l make a v a i l a b l e t o th e s t u d e n t a n e d u c a ti o n s u p e r i o r t o t h a t p r o v id e d by t h e s m a ll s c h o o l u n i t . I n many c a s e s I t h a s b e e n shown t h a t i n l a r g e r u n i t s o f a d m in is tr a tio n th e c o s t p e r u n it o f a v e ra g e d a i l y a tte n d a n c e i s r e d u c e d a n d t h e t o t a l c o s t m ore e q u i t a b l y a s s e s s e d among t h e ta x p a y e r s . I n harm ony w ith t h e s e f i n d i n g s num erous m ovem ents p r o m o tin g s u c h l a r g e u n i t s h av e s i n c e a n d e v e n p r i o r t o t h e t u r n o f th e c e n tu r y r e s u l t e d i n s u b s t a n t i a l l y r e d u c i n g th e num ber o f s m a ll a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s c h o o l u n i t s .
T h e re s t i l l re m a in how
e v e r , a c o n s i d e r a b l e num ber o f s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s w h ich c o u ld b e m erged w i t h o t h e r n e ig h b o r in g u n i t s t o fo rm m odern e d u c a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t i o n s , w h ic h , i n l i n e w ith p r e s e n t d a y t h i n k i n g , c o u ld b e te rm e d s a t i s f a c t o r y .
One f a c t o r w h ich h a s r e t a r d e d t h e f o r m a tio n o f o p t i mum s i z e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e u n i t s i s th e l a c k o f c u r r e n t i n f o r m a tio n r e l a t i v e t o s p e c i f i c s c h o o l s y s te m s .
R e s e a rc h w h ich
w i l l p r e s e n t a n u n b ia s e d p i c t u r e o f t h e e x i s t i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n m u st b e c o n d u c te d .
P o s s i b l e ways o f d e v e lo p in g a n a c c e p t a b l e
o r g a n i z a t i o n m u st th e n b e e x p lo r e d i f r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i s
to
b e c a r r i e d o u t i n a s c i e n t i f i c m a n n e r. THE PROBLEM S ta te m e n t o f th e p ro b le m . s tu d y ( l ) tric ts
I t was t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s
t o make a s u r v e y o f th e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s c h o o l d i s
o f K ern G o u n ty , C a l i f o r n i a
(2 ) t o d e te r m in e on t h e
b a s i s o f t h a t s u r v e y w h at r e o r g a n i z a t i o n s h o u ld ta k e p l a c e a n d (5 ) t o make c o m p a ris o n s b e tw e e n th e p r e s e n t an d t h e p r o p o sed o r g a n iz a tio n s . Im p o rta n c e o f t h e s t u d y .
The m o st r e c e n t s u r v e y com
p l e t e d I n K ern C o u n ty , r e l a t i v e t o t h e p ro b le m o f r e d i s t r i c t i n g was made b y t h e S t a t e D e p a rtm e n t o f E d u c a tio n i n c o o p e r a t i o n w ith t h e U n ite d S t a t e s O f f ic e o f E d u c a tio n .
The s u rv e y
was made u n d e r th e l e a d e r s h i p o f G eo rg e C. Mann a n d E r n e s t E . O e r t e l 1 i n 1 937.
S in c e t h a t tim e K e rn C o u n ty h a s g o n e th r o u g h
^ G eo rg e C. Mann an d E r n e s t E . O e r t e l , S tu d y o f L o c a l S c h o o l U n its i n C a l i f o r n i a . D e p a rtm e n t o f E d u c a tio n , 1 9 3 1 *
many c h a n g e s .
New la n d h a s b e e n p l a c e d u n d e r c u l t i v a t i o n .
New i n d u s t r i e s h av e a r i s e n , new o i l d e p o s i t s h a v e b e e n d i s c o v e re d a n d new fa rm p r o d u c ts h av e b e e n d e v e lo p e d .
C hanges
i n th e v a lu a tio n o f ta x a b le p r o p e r ty and s h i f t s i n p o p u la tio n c e n t e r s h av e r e s u l t e d . Some s c h o o l s y s te m s h a v e j o i n e d w ith o t h e r s t o fo rm u n io n d i s t r i c t s .
Some d i s t r i c t s h av e g o n e o u t o f e x i s t a n c e
a s a d m in is tra tiv e u n its .
The s i t u a t i o n a s d i s c u s s e d b y Mann
an d G e r t e l h a s b e e n a l t e r e d t o a d e g r e e , a n d t h e f i n d i n g s o f t h e s tu d y a r e i n r e s p e c t t o t h i s c o u n ty no l o n g e r c o m p le te ly s ig n ific a n t. S c h o o l e n r o llm e n ts h av e i n c r e a s e d d u r in g r e c e n t y e a r s , w h ile b u i l d i n g p ro g ra m s , d u e t o W orld War Two a n d s h o r t a g e s o f money a n d m a t e r i a l s , h av e f a i l e d t o k eep p a c e .
Many o f
t h e p h y s i c a l p l a n t s o f K e rn G ounty s c h o o ls a r e i n n eed o f m a jo r r e p a i r s a n d a d d i t i o n s .
B e fo r e i n v e s t i n g th e c o n s i d e r
a b l e sums o f money in v o lv e d i n b u i l d i n g a n d m a in te n a n c e p r o gram s i t w ould seem d e s i r a b l e t o d e te r m in e w h e th e r s u c h money c o u ld n o t b e u s e d t o b e t t e r p u r p o s e i n r e o r g a n i z i n g s c h o o l sy ste m s o f g r e a t e r f u t u r e v a l u e . I n o rd e r to p ro c u re in fo rm a tio n o f s u f f i c i e n t v a l i d i t y to b e u s e d i n recom m ending a c o u r s e o f a c t i o n on t h i s p ro b le m , a s u r v e y o f t h e w id e s t p o s s i b l e sc o p e I s to b e d e s ire d .
The S t a t e C om m ission f o r R e d i s t r i c t i n g i s a t p r e s e n t
c o n d u c tin g s u c h a n i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f
s c h o o ls th r o u g h o u t th e s t a t e .
The C om m ission w i l l b e i n
e x is ta n c e u n t i l J u ly o f 1950. L im ita tio n o f th e s tu d y .
I t was r e c o g n iz e d t h a t t h e
o r g a n i z a t i o n o f an y s c h o o l s y s te m i s h i g h l y in v o lv e d a n d t h a t many f a c t o r s e x e r t t h e i r i n f l u e n c e upon t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e s e in s titu tio n s .
I n f o r m a tio n c o n c e r n in g many o f t h e s e f a c t o r s
was n o t a v a i l a b l e t o t h i s s u r v e y .
The s i z e o f t h e c o u n ty
a n d t h e l a r g e num ber o f d i s t r i c t s in v o lv e d made c o m p le te c o v e r a g e im p o s s ib le f o r t h e tim e a v a i l a b l e .
I t is re a d ily
a d m itte d t h e r e f o r e , t h a t t h e f i n d i n g s o f t h i s s tu d y c a n n o t be c o n s id e re d c o n c lu s iv e .
Need e x i s t s f o r many o t h e r s u r v e y s ,
w h ic h w o u ld c o n s i d e r s m a l l e r se g m e n ts o f K ern C o u n ty i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e p ro b le m o f r e d i s t r i c t i n g . S in c e i n t e g r a t i o n o f t h e w h o le s c h o o l s y s te m fro m t h e k i n d e r g a r t e n t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y i s n e c e s s a r y i f t h e e d u c a ti o n a l p ro g ra m i s t o p r o g r e s s a s i t s h o u ld , a l l l e v e l s o f e d u c a ti o n w i t h i n t h i s c o u n ty h av e b e e n c o n s i d e r e d .
H owever t h e g r e a t
e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f e f f o r t was d i r e c t e d to w a rd s t h e o rg a n i z a t i o n o f s c h o o ls i n t h e e le m e n ta r y f i e l d an d t h e d a t a a t t h i s l e v e l i s a d m i t t e d l y m ore c o m p le te th a n a t t h e s e c o n d a r y le v e l. DEFINITION OF TERMS USED S u r v e y . I n t e r p r e t e d a s a r e a s o n a b ly s c i e n t i f i c d e t e r m i n i t i o n o f t h e aim s a n d p r o c e d u r e s ; f o llo w e d b y a c r i t i c a l e v a l u a t i o n o f r e s u l t s o b ta in e d ; w i t h a n
5 i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f th e r e s u l t s f o r f u tu r e p o l i c i e s . A d m in is tra tiv e u n i t ,
2
A s c h o o l u n i t c o n s i s t i n g o f one
o r m ore a t t e n d a n c e c e n t e r s w hose a f f a i r s a r e a d m i n i s t r a t e d by a s i n g l e g o v e r n in g b o a r d . A tte n d a n c e c e n t e r .
An a r e a w h e r e in s t u d e n t s g a t h e r
f o r p u rp o ses o f i n s t r u c t i o n . A n n e x a tio n .
The p r o c e s s w h ereb y one d i s t r i c t s u r
r e n d e r s i t s i d e n t i t y a n d becom es a p a r t o f th e d i s t r i c t t o w h ich i t i s a n n e x e d . C o n s o lid a te d d i s t r i c t .
Many d i f f e r e n t m e a n in g s e x i s t
th r o u g h - o u t t h e c o u n tr y f o r t h i s te rm .
F o r th e p u rp o se o f
t h i s s u r v e y th e te rm was u se d t o i n d i c a t e t h e j o i n i n g o f two o r m ore s c h o o ls s o t h a t t h e c h i l d r e n w ould b e a b l e to a t t e n d sch o o l in a s in g le p la n t. U n io n d i s t r i c t .
C o n s id e re d a s a u n io n o f two o r m ore
d i s t r i c t s w h ere r e s o u r c e s o f th e v a r i o u s d i s t r i c t s c o n c e rn e d a r e u t i l i z e d a s a fu n d t o o p e r a t e a s i n g l e s c h o o l s y s te m u n d e r th e d i r e c t i o n o f one b o a rd o f t r u s t e e s , b u t w h ere th e d i s t r i c t s do n o t l o s e t h e i r I d e n t i t y .
J e s s B. S e a r s , The S c h o o l S u rv e y , ( M a s s a c h u s e tts : The B l v e r s l d e P r e s s , 192577 p T T 7-------------
U n io n h ig h s c h o o l d i s t r i c t .
T h is te rm was c o n s i d e r
ed a s i n d i c a t i n g a u n io n o f e le m e n ta r y s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s fo rm ed f o r s e c o n d a r y p u r p o s e s o n ly . J o in t d i s t r i c t .
A d i s t r i c t com posed o f a r e a s w i t h i n
two o r m ore c o u n t i e s . U n if ie d d i s t r i c t .
I n te r p r e te d f o r th e p u rp o se s o f
t h i s s u r v e y a s a fo rm o f u n i o n i z a t i o n w h ere a l l s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s b o th e le m e n ta r y an d s e c o n d a r y a r e b r o u g h t u n d e r th e a d m in is tr a tio n o f a s in g le b o a rd . In d e p e n d e n t d i s t r i c t .
A d i s t r i c t w h ic h h as n o t s u r r e n
d e r e d i t s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p o w ers t o a n o t h e r d i s t r i c t th r o u g h u n io n iz a tio n o r u n if ic a tio n . METHODOLOGY A re a s o f i n v e s t i g a t i o n .
D a ta o f many k in d s a r e n e e d e d
i n c o n d u c tin g a s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n s u r v e y .
I n t h i s s tu d y
th e a r e a s w h e r e in i n f o r m a t i o n was deem ed e s s e n t i a l w ere c l a s s i f i e d a s p e r ta in in g to f iv e c a ta g o r ie s ( l ) fin a n c e , (2 ) p u p il,
(3 ) t e a c h e r , ( 4 ) e d u c a t i o n a n d ( 5 ) t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .
S o u rc e s o f d a t a .
I n f o r m a t i o n was c o l l e c t e d f o r t h e
p e r i o d e x te n d in g fro m J u l y 19^2 t o J u l y 19^9* th e d a t a w e re :
S o u rc e s o f
o f f i c e s o f th e c o u n ty s u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f
s c h o o ls an d t h e s u p e r i n t e n d e n t o r p r i n c i p a l o f t h e in d e p e n d
7 e n t school d i s t r i c t s ;
o f f i c e s o f t h e c o u n ty a u d i t o r an d
c o u n ty t r e a s u r e r ; an d i n t e r v i e w s w ith a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e r s o f u n io n s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s w i t h i n th e c o u n ty .
In fo rm a
t i o n was f u r t h e r g a in e d fro m t h e K ern C ounty S c h o o l S u rv e y C o m m ittee; t h e S c h o o l Code an d p e r t i n e n t l i t e r a t u r e from th e O f f i c e o f E d u c a tio n , W a s h in g to n , D. C ., an d u n i v e r s i t y p ro fe s s io n a l l i b r a r i e s .
The d a t a fro m th e above^
w ere c o m p ile d a n d s t a t i s t i c a l l y
rces
t r e a t e d i n th e f o llo w in g
m a n n er. A n a ly s is o f d a t a .
The a r e a s o f i n v e s t i g a t i o n w ere
f i r s t g iv e n f o llo w e d by a p r e l i m i n a r y o v e rv ie w , i n c l u d i n g s i z e an d to p o g r a p h y , d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e b a c k g ro u n d o f s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n an d a d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e e le m e n ta r y d i s t r i c t s o f th e c o u n ty .
T h is was f o llo w e d b y a n i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f
th e f o llo w in g a r e a s * ( l ) F in a n c ia l (a) D is tr ib u tio n o f sch o o l d i s t r i c t s a c c o r d in g t o ta x r a t e s . (b ) Bonded i n d e b te d n e s s o f s c h o o l s . (c ) A ssessed v a lu a tio n o f d i s t r i c t s p e r A .D .A . (d ) E le m e n ta ry c o s t p e r A .D .A . (2 ) P u p il (a ) D is tr ib u ti o n o f p u p il p o p u la tio n in t h e c o u n ty .
(b ) Room e n r o llm e n t o f u n io n s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s co m pared w ith room e n r o llm e n t o f s in g le d i s t r i c t s c h o o ls . (3 ) T eacher ( a ) T e a c h e r q u a l i f i c a t i o n s th r o u g h o u t th e c o u n ty . (b ) D i s t r i b u t i o n o f s c h o o ls a c c o r d in g to t h e num ber o f t e a c h e r s em p lo y ed . ( c ) C o m p ariso n o f t e a c h e r lo a d . (d ) T e a c h e r s a l a r i e s th r o u g h o u t th e c o u n ty . ( 4 ) E d u c a tio n (a ) D is tr ib u tio n o f d i s t r i c t s p ro v id in g sp ec i a 1 i n s t r u e t i o n s . (b ) D i s t r i b u t i o n o f d i s t r i c t s p r o v id in g f u l l tim e s u p e r v i s i o n . (5 ) T ra n s p o rta tio n ( a ) C o m p ariso n o f c o s t s f o r t r a n s p o r t i n g p u p ils . Summary o f C h a p te r I .
I n C h a p te r one i t was shown
t h a t t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e u n i t s w i t h i n K ern C ounty was i n n e e d o f s tu d y an d r e v i s i o n . su c h a s tu d y w e re a c k n o w le d g e d .
L im ita tio n s o f
The te rm s u s e d i n c o n d u c t
in g t h e s u r v e y w ere d e f i n e d a n d t h e m eth o d s u s e d w ere enum er a te d .
9 ORGANIZATION OP THE REMAINDER OP THE THESIS C h a p te r I I o f t h i s t h e s i s was d e v o te d t o a r e v ie w o f r e l a t e d i n v e s t i g a t i o n s an d a c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f - t h e h i s t o r i c a l b a c k g ro u n d o f t h e s c h o o l u n i o n i z a t i o n m ovem ent. t r e n d was g iv e n a t t e n t i o n w ith r e g a r d t o i t s
T h is
e f f e c t upon
th e s c h o o ls o f K e rn C o u n ty . S in c e i t was n e c e s s a r y t h a t s ta n d a r d s b e e s t a b l i s h e d t o g u id e a s u r v e y o f t h i s ty p e i n t o a d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f th e n e e d s o f s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s , s u c h c r i t e r i a w ere p r e s e n t e d i n C h a p te r I I I . C h a p te r IV was d e v o te d t o a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e p r e s e n t s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h i n K ern C o u n ty .
The to p o g ra p h y an d
o t h e r f a c t o r s a n d c o n d i t i o n s w h ic h r e l a t e t o t h e e d u c a t i o n a l p ro g ra m w ere d i s c u s s e d . C h a p te r V c o v e re d t h e p r o p o s e d r e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f lo c a l sc h o o l u n its and p re s e n te d d a ta r e l a t i v e to th e f in a n c i a l c o n d itio n s o f th e v a rio u s sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s . The f i n d i n g s o f t h e s tu d y w ere su m m arized i n C h a p te r V I.
C o n c lu s io n s w h ic h may b e d raw n fro m t h e i n f o r m a t i o n
c o n d e n c e d i n t h i s t h e s i s w ere t h e r e - i n s e t f o r t h .
10 CHAPTER I I . THE UNIONIZATION MOVEMENT AND RELATED INVESTIGATIONS The d i s t r i c t sy stem o f s c h o o l management has b een p r a c t ic e d in th e U n ite d S t a t e s s in c e c o l o n i a l t im e s .
It
was a n a tu r a l o u tg ro w th o f a r e c o g n iz e d need f o r p r o v id in g th e young p e o p le i n th e community w ith an a d eq u a te e d u c a tio n . I s o l a t e d p h y s i c a l l y , and b e c a u se o f th e a b se n c e o f a r a p id means o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n and com m un ication , i t was m an d itory f o r com m unities t o p r o v id e , su p p o rt and c o n t r o l t h e i r own sy stem s o f s c h o o ls . As f r o n t i e r s w ere moved w estw ard , s im ila r s i t u a t i o n s a r o s e and w ere m et and s o lv e d i n l i k e manner th rou gh th e o r g a n iz a t io n and m a in ten a n ce o f l o c a l s c h o o ls i n ea ch new com m unity.
For th e m ost p a r t , t h e s e e a r l i e s t s c h o o ls were
o r g a n iz e d by ch u rch es o f v a r io u s d en o m in a tio n s o r by a n in d e p e n d en t t e a c h e r .
They w ere su p p o rted l a r g e l y by t u i t i o n
fees. The p r i n c i p l e o f p u b lic r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r th e edu c a t i o n o f i t s y o u th was r e c o g n iz e d a t an e a r ly d a t e .
The
town and c i t y c o u n c ils o f grow ing com m un ities so o n o r g a n iz e d s c h o o ls w hich w ere t r u l y p u b lic s c h o o ls , su p p o rted and con t r o l l e d by th e d i s t r i c t s w hich th e y s e r v e d . F i r s t s c h o o l o r g a n iz a t io n i n C a l i f o r n i a .
In C a l i f
o r n ia th e f i r s t s t e p s le a d in g tow ards th e p r o v is io n s o f a
p u b l i c s c h o o l sy s te m w ere ta k e n on O c to b e r 1 1 , 1847 w ith t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a one room s c h o o l a t th e c o r n e r o f C la y s t r e e t an d B resham P la c e i n S an F r a n c i s c o .
Xt i s e v i d e n t
fro m t h e b e g in n in g t h a t t h i s s c h o o l , a n d o t h e r s w h ic h w ere p a t t e r n e d a f t e r i t was a d m i n i s t e r e d a n d c o n t r o l l e d b y th e p e o p le th r o u g h t h e i r e l e c t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s .
H ow ever, i n
t h e s e e a r l y s c h o o l s , a c c o r d in g t o t h e Mann an d O e r t e l study3> t h e s c h o o ls a p p a r e n t l y w e re o p en to a l l th o s e who c o u ld g e t to them o r w ere i n c l i n e d t o a t t e n d .
On A p r i l 8 , 1850 S an
F r a n c i s c o 1s f i r s t p u b l i c s c h o o l was o p en ed by S an F r a n c i s c o ’ s C i t y C o u n c il. f i r s t of its
The o r d in a n c e c r e a t i n g t h i s s c h o o l was th e k in d e v e r p a s s e d i n C a l i f o r n i a .
O r g a n iz a tio n by s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s .
The s c h o o l d i s t r i c t
s y s te m p la y e d a m a jo r p a r t i n t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t h e s c h o o l s y s te m s o f t h e U n ite d S t a t e s .
I t was p u b l i c ack n o w led g m en t
o f t h e o b l i g a t i o n o f a l l o f t h e p e o p le t o e d u c a te th e c h i l d r e n o f th e c o m m u n itie s p r o p e r l y a n d th r o u g h c o n c e r te d a c tio n .
The d i s t r i c t s y s te m t o o , v e r y p r o p e r l y m a in ta in e d
c o n t r o l o f t h e s c h o o ls i n th e h an d s o f th e p e o p l e .
T h is
was e n t i r e l y i n k e e p in g w ith t h e i d e a l s o f a d e m o c r a tic n a tio n . H ow ever, a s t h e n a t i o n grew an d com m unity c e n t e r s
5 G eorge C. Mann a n d E r n e s t E . O e r t e l , S tu d y o f L o c a l S c h o o l U n i t 3 i n C a l i f o r n i a ( C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e D e p a r tm e n t.o f E d u c a tio n , S a c ra m e n to , C a l i f . 1957)# P* #7
12 expanded; a s com m unication and t r a n s p o r t a t io n f a c i l i t i e s d e v e lo p e d , i t became e v id e n t t h a t th e f r o n t i e r ty p e o f s c h o o l a d m in is t r a t io n c o u ld n o t a d e q u a te ly m eet a l l th e n eed s o f an e n la r g e d c o n c e p t o f e d u c a t io n a l req u irem en ts* Each o f th e s e v e r a l s t a t e s whose p o p u la tio n grow th has ca u se d th e d e f i c i e n c i e s to be m ost a c u t e ly e x p e r ie n c e d have made a tte m p ts to c o r r e c t t h e s e d e f i c i e n c i e s *
Some
s t a t e s have a cc o m p lish e d r e o r g a n iz a t io n o f s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s th rou gh l e g i s l a t i v e a c t i o n , w h ile i n o th e r s r e o r g a n iz a t io n has b een a tte m p te d th rou gh th e a g en cy o f p e r m is s iv e l e g i s la tio n .
The seco n d method r e a ffir m e d th e p r i v i l e g e o f th e
p e o p le o f a d i s t r i c t to a d j u s t t h e i r e d u c a t io n a l sy stem to conform t o l o c a l needs and e d u c a t io n a l p o l i c i e s . I n term s o f r a p id it y o f a c t i o n , th e s t a t e s w hich a c c o m p lish e d r e o r g a n iz a t io n th rou gh m an d itory l e g i s l a t i o n a r e f a r ahead o f th e s t a t e s w hich depended upon v o lu n ta r y lo c a l a c tio n .
V o lu n ta r y r e o r g a n iz a t io n depends e n t i r e l y
upon th e d e g r e e t o w hich a p o p u la t io n i s in form ed upon i t s p ro b lem s, and h as b een s t im u la t e d t o th e p o in t o f s tu d y in g them and th e n e f f e c t i n g r e v i s i o n a t th e p o l l s .
Such v o lu n
t a r y r e o r g a n iz a t io n i s a lw a y s slo w e r b u t i s i n harmony w ith th e i d e a l s o f Am erican dem ocracy. The need f o r r e v i s i n g th e o ld d i s t r i c t sy stem o f a d m in is t r a t io n has g iv e n r i s e t o numerous s t u d i e s .
T hese
13 s t u d ie s have i n common th e g o a l o f d e te r m in in g th e fla w s i n th e o r g a n iz a tio n o f e x i s t i n g s c h o o l sy stem s and th e d e v e lo p ment o f recom m endations t h a t would a d e q u a te ly c o r r e c t t h e s e sh o r tc o m in g s. Two f a c t o r s w hich m ust r e c e iv e m ajor c o n s id e r a t io n i n any r e o r g a n iz a t io n a l program a r e :
fir s t;
th e im provem ent
o f e d u c a t io n a l o p p o r t u n it ie s f o r a l l th e c h ild r e n w it h in th e d i s t r i c t a f f e c t e d , and seco n d ; e f f i c i e n c y i n th e u se o f p u b lic fu n d s.
I t i s i n k eep in g w ith Am erican i d e a l s t h a t
th e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r f i n a n c i a l su p p o rt o f th e n a t io n 1s s c h o o ls sh o u ld be sh a red by a l l c i t i z e n s in a cco rd a n ce w ith t h e i r a b i l i t y to p a y .
B oth o f t h e s e m ajor a r e a s have numer
ous s u b d iv is io n s and a l l have r e c e iv e d a t t e n t i o n by e d u c a to r s a l e r t to th e needs o f e d u c a tio n . P r e v io u s s t u d ie s o f s c h o o l o r g a n iz a t io n i n C a l i f o r n i a . D uring th e y e a r s 1920 to 1932, f i v e m ajor s t u d i e s w ere made o f s c h o o l o r g a n iz a t io n i n C a lif o r n ia .
T hese s t u d ie s ii
w ere made by th e H erb ert C. Jon es Com m ittee; J e s s e B. 5 S e a r s and Edward C ubberly; and Leonard V. K oos, ii
H erb ert C. J o n es C om m ittee, 1 9 2 0 , A p p oin ted by th e l e g i s l a t u r e to make a su rv e y o f C a lif o r n ia sc h o o ls * J e s s e B. S ea rs and E. P. C u b b erly, 1 9 2 4 , C o st o f E d u ca tio n i n C a lif o r n ia .
Ik an d F r e d e r i c k W e e r s in g ;^ t h e S u sa n
B. D o rse y C om m ittee o W illia m M. P r o c t o r a n d S c o v a l S . Mayo a n d t h e G a rn a g le F o u n d a tio n f o r th e A dvancem ent o f T e a c h i n g . ^ I t i s s i g n i f i c a n t t h a t e a c h o f t h e s e s t u d i e s fo u n d t h a t e x i s t i n g s m a ll d i s t r i c t s y s te m s w e re e x e r t i n g a r e t a r d in g e f f e c t upon th e ad v a n ce m en t o f e d u c a t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t y w ith in th e s t a t e . I n 1937 th e C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e D e p a rtm e n t o f E d u c a tio n i n c o o p e r a t i o n w ith t h e U n ite d S t a t e s O f f i c e o f E d u c a tio n , W a s h in g to n , D. C. p u b l i s h e d i t s
”3 tu d y o f L o c a l S c h o o l U n its
in C a lif o r n ia .” ^
Mann a n d E r n e s t E . O e r t e l .
by G eorge C.
T h is s tu d y was a p a r t o f a n a t i o n w id e s u r v e y o f p u b l i c s c h o o ls w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e i r l o c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n i n a t t e n d a n c e a r e a s and a d m in is tr a tiv e u n i t s .
L e o n a rd V. Koos an d F r e d e r i c k W e e rs in g , A R e p o rt o f a P r e l i m i n a r y S u rv e y o f S e c o n d a ry E d u c a tio n i n C a l i f o r n i a . 1928. 7 S u s a n B. D o rse y C o m m issio n ,
The C om m ission f o r
S tu d y o f E d u c a tio n a l P ro b le m s . 1 9 3 0 . o
W illia m M. P r o c t o r a n d S c o v a l S . Mayo, D i s t r i c t O r g a n i z a t i o n an d S e c o n d a ry E d u c a tio n - ( P a r t o f R a t i o n a l S u rv e y o f S e c o n d a ry E d u c a tio n by L e o n a rd V. K o o s. ) ^ C a r n a g ie F o u n d a tio n f o r t h e A dvancem ent o f T e a c h in g , R ecom m endations o f t h e C om m ission o f S ev en on S t a t u s o f H ig h e r E d u c a tio n i n C a l i f o r n i a . ^ 'G e o r g e C. Mann a n d E r n e s t E . O e r t e l , S tu d y o f L o c a l S c h o o l U n its i n C a l i f o r n i a . C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e D e p a rtm e n t o f E d u c a tio n , 1937*
15 The e d u c a t io n a l o r g a n iz a t io n o f f i f t e e n r e p r e s e n t a t iv e c o u n t ie s in s io n .
C a lif o r n ia w ere s t u d ie s p i n d e t a i l by th e commis
Kern County was one o f th e f i f t e e n c o u n t ie s s e l e c t e d
f o r s tu d y . In
1945 t h e L e g i s l a t u r e o f t h e s t a t e o f C a l i f o r n i a i n
C hapter 1 6 , D i v i s i o n 2 o f th e C a lif o r n ia E d u ca tio n Code'1'1 c r e a t e d th e S t a t e C om m ission on S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s .
The d u ty
o f t h i s com m ission i s s t a t e d on p age 1 1 , C hapter I I o f i t f s m an u al f o r l o c a l s u r v e y c o m m itte e s .
12
The f i r s t s t a t e d d u ty o f t h e c o m m issio n i s t o d e t e r m in e p o l i c i e s f o r , d i r e c t a n d g o v e r n a s t a t e w id e s u r v e y o f a l l sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s f o r th e p u rp o se o f e f f e c tin g f e a s ib le u n if ic a tio n o r o th e r r e o r g a n iz a tio n o f sc h o o l d is tric ts . S e c t i o n s 4871 t o 4991 o f t h e E d u c a tio n Code s e t f o r t h t h e d e t a i l e d f u n c t i o n o f t h e C om m ission an d th e o r g a n i z a t i o n and p ro c e d u re s f o r c a rr y in g o u t th e p r o v is io n s o f th e a c t . T h is co m m issio n i s h ea d ed by G eo rg e H. G e y e r, a s S t a t e S u rv e y D ire c to r.
S in c e t h e C om m ission w i l l n o t c o m p le te i t ' s
d u tie s
u n t i l J u l y 1 s t o f 1 9 5 0 , o n ly p r e l i m i n a r y an d in c o m p le te r e p o rts o f i t ' s
fin d in g s a r e p r e s e n tly a v a ila b le .
^ S t a t e o f C a l i f o r n i a . E d u c a tio n C ode, 1948 P r i n t i n g D i v i s i o n , (D ocum ents S e c t io n ) 1 1 th a n d 0 S t r e e t s , S a c ra m e n to , C a lifo rn ia . 12
C a lif o r n ia S t a t e Commission on S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s The P r o c e s s o f O p tio n a l R e o r g a n iz a tio n o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s , R e v ise d O ct. 1 5 , 1947 p age 1 1 .
16 C hapter summary.
In summary th e n , th e movement t o
wards u n io n iz a t io n i s a n a tu r a l ou tgrow th o f th e d i s t r i c t o r g a n iz a t io n sy ste m .
C hapter I I has shown t h a t C a lif o r n ia
s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s e v o lv e d i n much th e same way a s i n th e r e s t o f th e n a t io n .
In common w ith th e o th e r a r e a s o f th e n a tio n
a l s o , th e d e f i c i e n c i e s o f l o c a l d i s t r i c t o r g a n iz a t io n have b een r e c o g n iz e d .
A ttem p ts by way o f s t a t e a u th o r iz e d su r v e y s
and s t u d ie s have b een and a r e b e in g made In an e f f o r t to c o r r e c t t h o s e d e f i c i e n c i e s in a manner w hich would be s a t i s fa c to r y .
17 CHAPTER I I I CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR SCHOOL DISTRICT ORGANIZATION G o als o f e d u c a t i o n .
C r i t e r i a a n d s t a n d a r d s m u st b e
a g re e d upon i n o r d e r to d e te rm in e th e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f th e e x istin g o rg a n iz a tio n s.
I t i s im p o rta n t t h a t th e s e c r i t e r i a
a n d s t a n d a r d s co n fo rm t o t h e a c k n o w le d g e d g o a l s o f e d u c a t i o n . What t h e n a r e t h e g o a l s o f e d u c a t i o n o f t h e p r e s e n t d ay ? I f a n e d u c a t i o n a l s y s te m i s t o p e r f o r m t h e t a s k e x p e c te d o f i t by th e p e o p le o f a s t a t e , i t w i l l p r e p a re a c h i l d so t h a t he w i l l b e e q u ip p e d t o t a k e h i s p l a c e i n t h a t s t a t e , a d e q u a te ly p re p a re d to p a r t i c i p a t e a s f u l l y i n con s t r u c t i v e a n d w o r t h w h i le a c t i v i t y a s h i s a b i l i t y p e r m i t s . T h e re i s no d o u b t b u t t h a t e v e r y t y p e o f s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n h as p r o d u c e d some g r a d u a t e s who h a v e b e e n e d u c a t e d t o t h e maximum a n d d e s i r a b l e d e g r e e m e n tio n e d .
H ow ever, t h e f a c t
t h a t a few h a v e b e e n so e d u c a t e d d o e s n o t j u s t i f y m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e s t a t u s quo w i t h r e g a r d t o a n y p a r t i c u l a r ty p e of school o rg a n iz a tio n .
A p a r t i c u l a r l y w e ll q u a l if i e d
t e a c h e r may do a n e x c e l l e n t j o b o f t e a c h i n g , r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e t u p o f t h e s c h o o l , w h e th e r I n a one room s c h o o l h o u s e o r a m u l t i u n i t s c h o o l .
However s u c h s u p e r
l a t i v e r e s u l t s a s a r e e x e m p l i f i e d i n t h e w ork o f a f i n e t e a c h e r a r e t o o g r e a t l y d e p e n d e n t upo n a v a r i a b l e .
T eachers
come a n d g o , a n d w h i l e t h e p r e s e n t one i n a oneroom s c h o o l
18
may g i v e more t h a n s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s , f o l l o w s may v e e r t o t h e o t h e r e x t r e m e .
t h e one w h ic h I t i s th e n e c e s s ity
f o r a s s u r a n c e t h a t r e g a r d l e s s o f v a r i a b l e s t h a t m u st b e in v o lv e d i n any sc h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n , a c h i l d w i l l have e v e ry o p p o r t u n i t y t o d e v e lo p t o h i s f u l l e s t p o t e n t i a l i t i e s , t h a t s h o u ld m o st c o n c e r n u s . F u n c tio n and d e s i r a b l e s i z e o f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e u n i t s . A lth o u g h w r i t t e n f o u r t e e n y e a r s ag o Howard A. Dawson* s # 13 “ S a t i s f a c t o r y L o c a l S c h o o l U n i t s , 1* r e m a in s a n a u t h o r i t a t i v e stu d y i n any d is c u s s io n o f s ta n d a rd s and c r i t e r i a r e l a t i n g to th e o r g a n iz a tio n and s iz e o f l o c a l s c h o o l u n i t s , s i n c e i t r e p r e s e n t s t h e f i n d i n g s a n d re c o m m e n d a tio n s o f many r e s e a r c h w o r k e r s from a l l p a r t s o f t h e c o u n t r y . Dawson*s s t u d y c o n s i d e r s i n d e t a i l t h e f u n c t i o n s a n d d e s ir a b le s iz e of an a d m in is tra tiv e u n it.
The O e r t e l s t u d y
14
c l a s s i f i e s an a d m in is tr a tiv e u n it a s fo llo w s: A d m i n i s t r a t i v e u n i t s , i t may b e assu m e d , s h o u l d p erfo rm th e fo llo w in g f u n c tio n s : ( l ) p ro v id e f o r a l l t y p e s o f e d u c a t i o n a l an d b u s i n e s s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n f o r a g i v e n s y s te m o f s c h o o l s ; ( 2 ) p r o v i d e f o r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f a l l t y p e s o f i n s t r u c t i o n , t e a c h e r a c t i v i t y , an d
^ Dawson, Howard A . , S a t i s f a c t o r y L o c a l S c h o o l U n i t s , F i e l d S tu d y No. 7 . D i v i s i o n o f S u rv e y s a n d F i e l d S t u d i e s , G e o rg e P eabo d y C o l l e g e f o r T e a c h e r s , 1934. 14 G eo rg e C, Mann a n d E r n e s t E. O e r t e l , S tu d y o f L o c a l S c h o o l U n i t s i n C a l i f o r n i a , C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e D e p a rtm e n t o f E d u c a t i o n , 1937 •
19 s t u d e n t t r a i n i n g ; (3 ) i n s u r e t h e s u p e r v i s i o n i n h e a l t h a n d p u p i l w e l f a r e ; a n d ( 4 ) s u p p ly t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f a tte n d a n c e . F i n d i n g s o f t h e Dawson s t u d y e s t a b l i s h e d t h e s t a n d a r d 11a c c e p t a b l e ” a d m i n i s t r a t i v e u n i t a s c o n s i s t i n g o f 280 t e a c h i n g u n i t s c o n t r o l l i n g 9*800 p u p i l s .
S in c e i t i s
o b v io u sly im p o s s ib le to c r e a t e and m a in ta in i n ev ery in s ta n c e o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f t h i s s i z e , Dawson s u g g e s t s two p o s s i b l e m o d ific a tio n s o f t h i s ”sta n d a rd u n i t . ”
As c i t e d i n t h e 1
O e r te l stu d y th e s e m o d if ic a tio n s a r e : (l) a m e d ia n m o d i f i c a t i o n d e s i g n e d t o s e r v e a t o t a l o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6000 p u p i l s , w i t h a n a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s t a f f o f 17 p e r s o n s , an d (2 ) a maxumum m o d i f i c a t i o n t o accom m odate 1600 p u p i l s a n d h a v in g 46 t e a c h i n g u n i t s The O e r t e l s t u d y f u r t h e r l i s t s b a s i c s t a n d a r d s p r e s e n t e d i n t h e H andbook o f P r o c e d u r e s f o r P l a n n i n g t h e Ke1S o r g a n iz a tio n o f L ocal School U n its J as fo llo w s: (l)
The o r g a n i z a t i o n o f S c h o o l s . ( a ) The s c h o o l s y s te m s h o u l d f u r n i s h a t l e a s t 12 y e a r s o f i n s t r u c t i o n t o a l l c h i l d r e n m e n ta lly and p h y s i c a l l y c a p a b le o f p r o f i t i n g by t h a t am ount o f i n s t r u c t i o n . ( b ) The s c h o o l s y s te m s h o u ld b e o r g a n i z e d on t h e b a s i s o f a s i x y e a r ele m e n ta ry s c h o o l, a t h r e e y e a r j u n i o r h ig h s c h o o l, and a th r e e y e a r s e n i o r h i g h s c h o o l , o r a s i x y e a r elem e n t a r y s c h o o l an d a s i x y e a r h i g h s c h o o l .
^ H andbook o f P r o c e d u r e s f o r P l a n n i n g t h e R e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f L o c a l S c h o o l U n i t s ( C i r c u l a r Humber 1 5 6 , O f f i c e o f E du ca t l o n , 195 6 ) .
20 (2)
S iz e o f S c h o o ls. I n o rd e r to p ro v id e a d e q u a te ly f o r th e needs o f s o c ie ty and th e v a r io u s i n d i v i d u a l s o f t h e s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n th r o u g h a s u f f i c i e n t l y b r o a d a n d c o m p re h e n s iv e c u r r i c u l u m , t h e s c h o o l s may w e l l b e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g minimum siz e s: ( a ) E l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s : a d e s i r a b l e minimum o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 280 p u p i l s a n d s e v e n t e a c h e r s , o r a n a b s o l u t e minimum o f a b o u t 240 p u p i l s and s ix te a c h e rs * (b )
H ig h s c h o o l s : a d e s i r a b l e minimum o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 300 p u p i l s a n d 10 t e a c h e r s , o r a n a b s o l u t e minimum o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 200 p u p i l s and seven te a c h e rs * F or s e p a r a te ly o rg a n iz e d j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l s t h e number o f p u p i l s c a n b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 350 p u p i l s f o r a t e n t e a c h e r s c h o o l a n d 245 f o r a s e v e n t e a c h e r s c h o o l . F or a s e p a r a te ly o rg a n iz e d s e n io r h ig h sc h o o l t h e num bers c a n b e 250 a n d 1 7 5* r e s p e c t i v e l y .
A f t e r c o n s i d e r i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s y s te m s o f C a l i f o r n i a i n l i g h t o f t h e Dawson s t u d y a n d Handbook s t a n d a r d s t h e O e r t e l s t u d y c o n c l u d e s t h a t i t was b e l i e v e d d e s i r a b l e . . . t o f i x t h e a b s o l u t e minimum s i z e o f w h at may c o n s i d e r e d a s a t i s f a c t o r y l o c a l u n i t o f s c h o o l ad m in i s t r a t i o n o f C a l i f o r n i a a t 1500 p u p i l s a n d 45 t e a c h i n g uni t s . C r i t e r i a recommended b y t h e C uy er C o m m issio n.
The
C a l i f o r n i a Com m ission on S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s i n i t s M anual f o r Local
S u rv e y C o m m ittees
h as recommended e i g h t c r i t e r i a f o r
C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e C om m ission on S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s The P r o c e s s o f O p t i o n a l R e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f S c h o o l D i s t r i c t s S a c r a m e n to , O c to b e r 15, 19477 ^ a S e s 3 9 - 4 0 .
21
t h e a i d o f C o m m ittees e n g a g e s i n e v a l u a t i n g p r o p o s e d r e o rg a n iz e d sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s .
S in c e th e s e s u g g e s tio n s a r e
a p p l i c a b l e t o a n y r e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f K ern C ou nty S c h o o ls t h e y a r e g i v e n v e rb a tu m s 1. W i t h i n l i m i t s e s t a b l i s h e d by d i s t a n c e , to p o g r a p h y , a n d econom ic c o n d i t i o n s , a p r o p o s e d u n i f i e d o r o t h e r w is e r e o r g a n i z e d s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s h o u ld c o n t a i n a sc h o o l p o p u la tio n s u f f i c i e n t l y la r g e to p ro v id e an a d e q u a t e a n d e c o n o m ic a l e d u c a t i o n a l p ro g ra m d e s i g n e d t o m e e t t h e n e e d s an d a b i l i t i e s o f a l l c h i l d r e n fro m k in d e r g a r te n th ro u g h th e seco n d ary sc h o o l y e a r s . 2. I n a p ro p o sed u n if ie d o r o th e rw ise re o rg a n iz e d s c h o o l d i s t r i c t , a s e n s e o f com m unity m em bership m u st be p r e s e r v e d i n t h e l a r g e r a r e a p r o p o s e d . T h erefo re, n a t u r a l b a r r i e r s , n o t e a s i l y p e n e t r a t e d b y m odern means o f c o m m u n ic a tio n , s h o u ld n o t d i v i d e , i s o l a t e , o r s e p a r a t e one p a r t o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n from a n o t h e r . How e v e r, th e b o u n d a rie s o f th e pro p o sed a d m in is tr a tiv e u n i t sh o u ld n o t n e c e s s a r i l y fo llo w th o s e o f any p o l i t i c a l u n i t s , an d t h e u n i t p r o p o s e d may i n c l u d e s e v e r a l , or p a rts of se v e ra l, p o l i t i c a l u n its . 3 . A pro p o sed u n if ie d o r o th e rw ise re o rg a n iz e d sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s h o u l d b e s u f f i c i e n t l y l a r g e so t h a t a l l e s s e n t i a l a n d n e c e s s a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i v e an d s u p e r v i s o r y s e r v i c e s , e x c e p t t h o s e p r o p e r l y p r o v i d e d by o t h e r a g e n c i e s , c a n b e f u r n i s h e d by t h e d i s t r i c t a t a r e a s o n a b le u n it c o s t. A proposed u n if ie d o r o th e rw ise re o rg a n iz e d sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s h o u ld b e p la n n e d t o p r o v i d e f o r t h e m o st e f f i c i e n t u t i l i z a t i o n of e x is tin g school b u ild in g s c o m p a t i b l e w i t h a m odern e d u c a t i o n a l p ro g ra m . 5 . A p roposed u n if ie d o r o th e rw ise re o rg a n iz e d sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s h o u ld b e p la n n e d t o make p o s s i b l e t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f d e s i r a b l e a t t e n d a n c e c e n t e r s an d t o p e r m i t t h e s p e e d y e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f im p ro v e d a t t e n d a n c e c e n t e r s when c h a n g e d c o n d i t i o n s make e x i s t i n g c e n t e r s u n d e s i r a b l e . 6. The j u n i o r c o l l e g e , a s a p a r t o f t h e s t a t e ’ s common s c h o o l p r o g ra m , w h e r e v e r r e g i o n a l l y d e s i r a b l e , s h o u ld b e u n d e r a b o a r d o f e d u c a t i o n w h ic h g o v e r n s e l e m e n t a r y
22
a n d lo w e r s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s . 7 . A proposed u n if ie d or o th e rw ise re o rg a n iz e d sch o o l d i s t r i c t s h o u ld h e p l a n n e d t o e f f e c t a. more e q u i t a b l e t a x b a s e f o r t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e e d u c a t i o n a l p ro g ra m . Sound r e o r g a n i z a t i o n s h o u l d r e s u l t i n t h e c r e a t i o n o f re o rg a n iz e d d i s t r i c t s f i n a n c i a l l y c a p a b le o f s u p p o rtin g a m o d e rn , f u l l y a d e q u a t e e d u c a t i o n a l p ro g ra m . 8. The u l t i m a t e t e s t o f so u n d p r o p o s a l s f o r t h e c r e a t io n o f u n if ie d o r o th e rw ise re o rg a n iz e d d i s t r i c t s i s t h e e x t e n t t o w h ic h a b e t t e r e q u a l i z a t i o n o f e d u c a t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t y i s made p o s s i b l e by t h e p r o p o s e d r e o r g a n i z a tio n . B u t a t t h e same t i m e , t h e r e o r g a n i z e d d i s t r i c t s h o u ld b e d e s i g n e d t o g i v e p r o m is e o f a g r e a t e r r e t u r n f o r th e ta x d o l l a r s p e n t, th u s p r o v id in g f o r g r e a t e r e f f i c i e n c y an d economy o f m anagem ent. C h a ra c te ris tic s of a u n ifie d school o rg a n iz a tio n . I t i s a p p a r e n t upon e x a m i n a t i o n o f e d u c a t i o n a l l i t e r a t u r e t h a t t h e u n i f i e d s y s te m i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e t h e d e s i r a b l e ty p e o f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n .
m ost U nder a
u n i f i e d s y s te m , b o t h e l e m e n t a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s a r e u n d e r t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n o f one a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .
I t may e a s i l y
b e s e e n t h a t a much b e t t e r I n t e g r a t e d p ro g ra m i s p o s s i b l e w h e re one a d m i n i s t r a t i o n c o n s i d e r s t h e n e e d s o f a l l c h i l d r e n from t h e f i r s t t o t h e f o u r t e e n t h s c h o o l y e a r s . R e a s o n s why a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h i s t y p e i s t o b e p r e f e r r e d a r e as fo llo w s: (1 ) B e t t e r s u p e r v i s i o n a n d f o llo w - u p o f t h e c h i l d r e n is p o ssib le .
Use o f a c c u m u l a t i v e r e c o r d s i s
aid ed . ( 2 ) C l o s e r a r t i c u l a t i o n b e tw e e n e l e m e n t a r y an d
s e c o n d a r y p ro g ra m s i s p o s s i b l e . ( 3 ) A w id e r p r e s e n t a t i o n o f e d u c a t i o n a l o f f e r i n g s to th e s tu d e n t i s p o s s i b le . ( 4 ) T e a c h in g a n d s u p e r v i s i o n w ould b e o f a more p o s i t i v e t y p e an d s h o u ld b e c o n s i d e r a b l y m dre e f f e c t i v e s i n c e e a c h s y s t e m w ould h av e a n ad m in i s t r a t o r a n d i t s own s t a f f o f t e a c h i n g s p e c i a l i s t s and s u p e rv is o rs . (5) A s in g l e s a la r y sc h e d u le c o u ld be p ro v id e d .
T h is
w ou ld e n c o u r a g e em ploym ent o f t e a c h e r s b a s e d upon t h e i r a b i l i t y i n a chosen f i e l d ,
e i t h e r e le m e n ta ry
o r s e c o n d a r y , a n d w ou ld t h u s h e l p t o e l i m i n a t e t h e c u s to m o f p a y i n g s e c o n d a r y t e a c h e r s m ore t h a n e le m e n ta ry te a c h e r s o f e q u a l a b i l i t y and t r a i n i n g . T e a c h e r s w ould b e t e a c h e r s o f g r a d e s one t o t w e l v e , o r i n t h e c a s e o f t h e j u n i o r c o l l e g e g r a d e s , one to f o u rte e n .
The s ti g m a o f t e n a t t a c h e d t o elem-^
e n t a r y t e a c h i n g w ould b e rem oved a n d b e t t e r t e a c h e r s a t t r a c t e d to t h a t f i e l d . (6) O rg a n iz a tio n o f a s tr o n g u n i f i e d d i s t r i c t w i l l n o t o n l y make p o s s i b l e a c o l l e g e p r e p a r a t o r y c o u r s e f o r t h o s e h i g h s c h o o l g r a d u a t e s who a r e a b l e t o q u a l i f y b u t a l s o p ro v id e a b ro ad v o c a tio n a l p ro gram f o r t h o s e who w i l l n o t go b e y o n d h i g h s c h o o l or ju n io r c o lle g e .
(7) A s tr o n g u n i f i e d d i s t r i c t
i s a b le to p ro v id e
a n a d e q u a t e p ro g ra m f o r t h e g i f t e d , t h e r e t a r d e d and h an d icap p e d and f o r a d u l t e d u c a tio n , ( 8 ) A u n i f i e d d i s t r i c t makes p o s s i b l e a m ore f a i r p er p u p il c o s t of o p e ra tio n . (9 ) B ecause o f th e l a r g e r a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n p e r A .D.A. made p o s s i b l e th r o u g h o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a stro n g u n if ie d d i s t r i c t ,
th e sc h o o ls w i l l be
b e t t e r a b le to f in a n c e a c o n tin u o u s b u ild in g p ro g ra m . (1 0 ) O r g a n i z a t i o n o f a j u n i o r c o l l e g e , when d i s t r i c t is of s u ffic ie n t siz e , is f a c ilita te d . C h a p te r summary.
I n C h a p te r I I I o f t h i s t h e s i s th e
u l t i m a t e g o a l s o f a n e d u c a t i o n a l s y s te m w e re d e t e r m i n e d t o b e p r o v i s i o n f o r t h e optimum e d u c a t i o n p o s s i b l e i n e a c h , in d iv id u a l concerned.
A u th o rita tiv e stu d ie s of c r i t e r i a
a n d s t a n d a r d s w h ic h c o u l d b e a p p l i e d t o K e rn C ounty s c h o o l s w ere r e v i e w e d .
The c h a p t e r f u r t h e r l i s t e d t h e d e s i r a b l e
c h a r a c te r is tic s o f a u n ifie d school o rg a n iz a tio n .
CHAPTER IV PRESENT SCHOOL ORGANIZATION IN KERN COUNT! S in c e i t i s a h ig h ly im p o rta n t f a c t o r , a r a t h e r t h o r o u g h c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e to p o g r a p h y o f K ern C o un ty i s n e c e ssa ry b e fo re th e sch o o l o r g a n iz a tio n i t s e l f i s stu d ie d *
Many o f t h e p r o b le m s w h ic h to d a y d i s t u r b e d u c a t o r s
i n t h i s c o u n t y owe t h e i r o r i g i n t o t h e e x tr e m e s w h ic h e x i s t b e tw e e n t h e r e l a t i v e n a t u r a l w e a l t h o f t h e e a s t e r n p o r t i o n o f th e co u n ty and th e w e a lth o f th e w e s te rn p a r t . S i z e a n d to p o g r a p h y o f K e rn C o u n ty .
The c o u n t y o f
K e rn i s l a r g e , r a n k i n g t h i r d i n s i z e among c o u n t i e s o f t h e s t a t e a n d e n c o m p a s s in g e i g h t th o u s a n d a n d t h r e e s q u a r e m ile s.
An u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h i s s i z e a n d o f t h e p ro b le m s
w h ic h a r e i n v o l v e d i s b e t t e r a t t a i n e d by a c o m p a r is o n b e tw e e n t h i s c o u n t y a n d some o f t h e s m a l l e r s t a t e s . C o u n ty i s l a r g e r t h a n t h e s t a t e o f New J e r s e y .
K e rn
I t is
n e a r l y a t h o u s a n d s q u a r e m i l e s l a r g e r t h a n t h e com bined a r e a s o f C o n n e c t i c u t a n d D e le w a re a n d o n l y two h u n d re d and f i f t y - f o u r sq u a re m ile s s m a lle r th a n th e s t a t e o f M a ssa c h u se tts.
I t has th e w e a lth and p o p u la tio n o f th e
s t a t e o f N ev a d a. The c o u n t y i s d i v i d e d by t h e r a n g e o f m o u n ta in s known a s t h e T e h a c h a p i M o u n ta in s .
T h ese a r e t h e s o u t h e r n
26 e x t e n s i o n o f t h e S i e r r a N evada M o u n ta in s .
R isin g to a
h e i g h t o f o v e r s e v e n th o u s a n d f e e t a n d w i t h o n ly t h r e e p a s s e s , t h e y h av e fo rm e d a b a r r i e r o f c o n s i d e r a b l e e f f e c t i v e ness. The p r e s e n c e o f t h e s e m o u n ta in s i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e b a r r e n n e s s o f t h e e a s t e r n s e c t i o n o f K ern c o u n t y , s i n c e t h e i r h e ig h t p reclu d es th e p o s s i b i l i t y of th a t a re a r e c e iv i n g s u f f i c i e n t r a i n f a l l t o s u p p o r t t h e a g r i c u l t u r e w h ic h o t h e r w i s e m ig h t h a v e d e v e l o p e d .
T h is e a s t e r n s e c t i o n i s w e l l
known by i t s d e s e r t name, M o jav e. The c o u n t y i s b o r d e r e d on t h e e a s t by San B e r n a r d i n o c o u n t y ; o n t h e n o r t h by
K in g , T u l a r e a n d In y o c o u n t i e s ; on
t h e s o u t h by V e n tu r a an d Los A n g e le s c o u n t i e s a n d on t h e w e s t by S an L u is O b isp o c o u n t y . W h ile t h e M ojave a r e a i s e x c e s s i v e l y d r y , t h e w ho le o f t h e c o u n t y w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e h i g h p e a k s o f t h e m o u n ta in r a n g e s r e c e i v e s a n a n n u a l r a i n f a l l o f l e s s t h a n t e n i n c h e s a n d c o u l d th u s b e te rm e d d e s e r t l a n d s . Prom t h e w e s t e r n s l o p e s o f t h e T e h a c h a p i s , K ern co u n ty ex te n d s a s a b ro a d l e v e l p l a i n u n t i l , a t i t s
e x tre m e
w e s t e r n e d g e s i t m e e ts t h e e a s t e r n s l o p e s o f t h e C o a s t R anges• K ern c o u n t y i s f a v o r e d w i t h o n ly one r i v e r o f a n y consequence. S i e r r a Nevada
T h is r i v e r i s
th e K e r n , w h ic h r i s e s i n t h e
M o u n ta in s t o t h e n o r t h o f K ern c o u n t y a n d
27 f lo w s i n a s o u t h w e s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n u n t i l i t w h at i s known a s Buena V i s t a L a k e ,
e n p tie s in to
The l a k e i s p e r i o d i c a l l y
d r y a n d t h e l a k e b e d i s u s e d f o r f a r m in g d u r i n g s u c h p e r i o d s . The r i v e r i t s e l f i s d r y i n i t s a b le
lo w e r r e a c h e s f o r a c o n s i d e r
p o r t i o n o f t h e y e a r , s i n c e much o f i t s w a t e r i s d i v e r t e d
f o r purp o ses o f i r r i g a t i o n . E a s t K e rn C o u n ty .
S in c e th e t e r r a i n e a s t o f th e
T e h a c h a p i M o u n ta in s h as so much i n common, i t i s u s u a l l y c o n s id e re d a s a u n i t .
M ining i s t h e c h i e f a c t i v i t y , a l t h o u g h
some f a r m in g i s d o n e i n t h e e x tr e m e s o u t h e r n s e c t i o n w h ere d e e p w e l l s t a p t h e w a t e r o f t h e ^ b u r i e d , ” M ojave R i v e r .
A
new f a r m in g a r e a i s d e v e l o p i n g a r o u n d w h a t i s .k n o w n a s F re m o n t V a l l e y , c e n t e r i n g a r o u n d t h e com m unity o f C a n t i l .
Deep w e l l s
a g a in p ro v id e th e n e c e ssa ry w a te r f o r i r r i g a t i o n .
C h ief
tow ns o f t h e d e s e r t a r e a a r e s
M o ja v e, Rosamond, B o ro n ,
W illo w S p r i n g s , C a n t i l , R a n d s b u r g , J o h a n n e s b u r g an d I n y o k e r n . A l a r g e n a v a l b a s e e s t a b l i s h e d a t C h in a Lake an d a l a r g e army b a s e e s t a b l i s h e d a t Muroc c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e p r o b le m of school r e d i s t r i e t i n g . The p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e s e d e s e r t c o m m u n itie s , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e army an d navy b a s e s h av e n o t f l u c t u a t e d w ith th e r a p i d i t y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f th e C e n tr a l V a lle y c o m m u n itie s . in th e case o f
N e v e r t h e l e s s , p o p u l a t i o n s h av e i n c r e a s e d a n d , C a n t i l , i f th e deep w e lls th e r e m a in ta in
28 t h e i r flo w , and a g r i c u l t u r e p ro v e s a /s u c e s s , i t i s e n t i r e l y C^ p o s s i b l e t h a t c o n s i d e r a b l e g r o w th w i l l o c c u r . M o u n ta in a r e a s . n e ig h b o r h o o d c e n t e r s .
I n t h e m o u n ta in a r e a s a r e n i n e They a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e T e h a c h a p i
V a l l e y , W a lk e r B a s i n an d G re e n h o r n M o u n ta in s .
In th e
T e h a c h a p i a r e a a r e t h e s e t t l e m e n t s o f Twin O aks, C a l i e n t e , K e e n e , Cummings V a l l e y , T e h a c h a p i a n d M o n o li th .
I n th e
W a lk e r B a s i n a r e a a r e t h e s e t t l e m e n t s o f W eldon, I s a b e l l a , B o d fis h , H a v ila h and K e r n v i l l e .
N o r t h a n d w e s t o f W a lk e r
B a s i n a r e t h e s m a l l c o m m u n itie s o f G r a n i t e , Woody, P oso F l a t and G le n n v ille .
I n t h e e x tre m e s o u t h e r n p a r t o f K e rn C o un ty
a r e t h e two s m a l l m o u n ta in c o m m u n itie s o f Lebec a n d F o r t T e jo n . C e n tra l a r e a .
The c e n t r a l p o r t i o n o f K e rn C o u n ty i s
t h e m o st h e a v i l y p o p u l a t e d s e c t i o n .
H ere i s l o c a t e d t h e
l a r g e s t c i t y i n th e co u n ty , B a k e r s f ie ld .
W ith in a tw en ty -
f i v e m ile ra d io u s s o u th o f B a k e r s f ie ld a r e lo c a te d th e f o l l o w i n g towns o r com m unity c e n t e r s :
A rv in , V in e la n d ,
L am ont, M o u n ta in V iew , E d i s o n , O ld R i v e r , G r e e n f i e l d , a n d Panam a.
W est o f t h e c i t y a r e F r u i t v a l e an d R o s e d a l e .
N o rth
a n d N o r t h - w e s t a r e t h e tow ns o f B u t t o n w i l l o w , S h a f t e r , L erd o W asco, M c F a rla n d a n d D e la n o . W est K e rn C o u n ty .
I n t h e e x tre m e w e s t e r n p o r t i o n o f
29 K e rn C ounty i s t h e se c o n d l a r g e s t c i t y o f t h e c o u n t y , T a f t . To t h e s o u t h o f T a f t i s t h e town o f M a ric o p a .
To t h e n o r t h
o f T a f t a r e t h e tow ns o f F e l l o w s , M c K i t t r i c k , O l i g , B e l r i d g e and L o st H i l l s . S e r v i n g t h e s e com m unity c e n t e r s a n d t h e f a r m in g o r m in i n g a r e a s a d j a c e n t t o t h e tow ns a r e a t o t a l o f s i x t y - f o u r e le m e n ta ry sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s .
T h e se a r e shown on Map 1.
B a ck g ro u n d o f s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n i n K e rn C o u n ty . As a com m unity grew a n d d e v e lo p e d t h e n ee d f o r s c h o o l s was s a t i s f i e d by t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a common d i s t r i c t s c h o o l . T h e se w ere a t f i r s t u s u a l l y o f t h e one t e a c h e r t y p e .
L a te r
t h e y ex p a n d e d a n d a d d e d t e a c h e r s a s t h e n ee d became a p p a r e n t . W ith e x p a n s i o n came t h e n e e d f o r e s t a b l i s h i n g a n ad e q u a te f i n a n c i a l b a s e .
D i s t r i c t s w e re e n l a r g e d a n d j e r r y
m a n d e r in g was i n d u l g e d i n f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f s e c u r i n g s u f f i c i e n t lo c a l fu n d s.
As c o m m u n itie s a p p r o a c h e d e a c h
o th e r and a s p e o p le began to a p p r e c ia t e th e ad v a n ta g e s to b e g a i n e d fro m a u n i t i n g o f e f f o r t s , u n i o n i z a t i o n s w ere e f f e c t e d a n d m u l t i - s c h o o l u n i t s came i n t o b e i n g . As t h e y e a r s p a s s e d , c e n t e r s o f p o p u l a t i o n s h i f t e d a n d c h a n g e d a n d t h e c o u n ty o r g a n i z a t i o n was m o d i f i e d to m e e t t h e new d em and s.
The tow n o f H a v i l a h , i n s t e a d o f b e i n g t h e
c o u n t y s e a t a n d m o s t i m p o r t a n t c i t y became p r a c t i c a l l y a g h o s t to w n, o f i m p o r t a n c e c h i e f l y b e c a u s e o f i t s h i s t o r y .
30
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51 B a k e r s f i e l d becam e t h e c o u n ty s e a t an d t h e c e n t e r o f t h e c o u n t y 's b u s i n e s s . W ith d i s c o v e r y o f o i l , new c o m m u n itie s came i n t o b ein g a lm o st o v e rn ig h t.
W ith t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f new la n d
f o r a g r i c u l t u r e , a n o t h e r i n f l u x o f fa rm w o rk e rs ch a n g e d th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . A long w i t h c h a n g e s o f com m unity l i f e ,
th e sc h o o ls
t o o , h av e c h a n g e d i n a n e f f o r t t o m e et t h e n e e d s .
Some
s m a l l d i s t r i c t s h a v e l a p s e d a n d b e e n a n n e x e d by n e i g h b o r i n g d istric ts.
Some h av e v o l u n t a r i l y j o i n e d w i t h o t h e r d i s t r i c t s
so t h a t a l l m ig h t e n j o y t h e b e n e f i t s t o b e d e r i v e d t h r o u g h jo in t a c tio n . E x istin g school d i s t r i c t s .
I n K e rn C ou nty a t p r e s e n t
a r e s i x t y - t h r e e e le m e n ta ry sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s , f i v e h ig h s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s an d one u n i f i e d d i s t r i c t . d i s t r i c t s a re o f v a rio u s s iz e s .
The e l e m e n t a r y
A t t h e p r e s e n t tim e t h e r e
a r e t h i r t e e n o n e -te a c h e r s c h o o ls , fo u r tw o -te a c h e r sc h o o ls; s e v e n t h r e e - t e a c h e r s c h o o l s ; f i v e f i v e - t e a c h e r s c h o o l s , two s i x t e a c h e r s c h o o l s ; t h r e e s e v e n t e a c h e r s c h o o l s a n d tw e n t y f o u r f u l l y g r a d e d s c h o o l s o f e i g h t t e a c h e r s o r m ore. T h e re a r e f i v e h i g h s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s i n t h e c o u n t y . One o f t h e s e , K e rn C ou nty U n io n H igh S c h o o l , I s com posed o f s ix o p e ra tin g sch o o l a tte n d a n c e c e n te r s , in c lu d in g a J u n io r C o lle g e lo c a te d a t B a k e r s f ie ld .
Two more a t t e n d a n c e c e n t e r s
32 a r e p la n n ed o r under c o n s tr u c tio n .
T h e re i s one more H igh
S c h o o l d i s t r i c t ; A n te l o p e V a l l e y J o i n t U n io n H ig h S c h o o l an d J u n i o r C o l l e g e w h ic h s e r v e s t h e s o u t h e a s t e r n s e c t i o n o r t h e c o u n ty .
I t i s l o c a t e d i n Los A n g e le s C o un ty a t L a n c a s t e r .
T h e re a r e two J u n i o r C o l l e g e s w i t h i n t h e c o u n t y . J u n i o r C o l l e g e h as a l r e a d y b e e n m e n tio n e d .
B a k e rsfie ld
The o t h e r I s
T a f t J u n i o r C o l l e g e w h ic h I s o p e r a t e d by T a f t U n io n H ig h School D i s t r i c t . S u p e rv isio n . s u p e rv is io n .
S i x c i t i e s t a k e c a r e o f t h e i r own
T hese a r e t h e c i t i e s o f B a k e r s f i e l d , T a f t ,
W asco, S h a f t e r , D e la n o , a n d O l l d a l e .
S u p e rv isio n i s p ro
v i d e d f o r a l l o t h e r s a n d i s a v a i l a b l e t o t h e a b o v e s i x upon re q u e st.
T h is s u p e r v i s i o n i s p r o v i d e d by t h e o f f i c e o f t h e
C o u n ty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f S c h o o l s . S e r v i c e s p r o v i d e d by t h e C o u nty S u p e r ! n t e n d e n t .
The
C o u n ty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f S c h o o ls o f K ern C ounty I s e l e c t e d by t h e p e o p l e f o r a f o u r y e a r t e r m .
The d u t i e s o f t h e
C o u n ty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t a n d t h e s e r v i c e s p r o v i d e d t h e v a r i o u s s c h o o l s o f t h e c o u n ty by t h a t o f f i c e h av e b e e n w e l l o u t l i n e d i n P a r t one o f C u r r ic u lu m G u id e f o r E le m e n ta r y S c h o o l s . 11 T h ese d u t i e s a n d s e r v i c e s a r e g i v e n a s f o l l o w s :
^ K e r n C ou n ty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f S c h o o ls S t a f f , C u r r ic u lu m Gui d e f o r E le m e n ta r y S c h o o l s , K ern C o u n ty 19^5 5 3 1 p p . P a rti I p a g e s 3-7*
33
A. J u r i s d i c t i o n : The C ou nty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f S c h o o ls h a s j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r a l l p u b l i c e l e m e n t a r y an d s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s i n K ern c o u n ty e x c e p t t h e B a k e r s f i e l d C i t y e l e m e n t a r y sc h o o ls and th e T a ft C ity e le m e n ta ry s c h o o ls . ( E .C .3 5 2 a ) B. F u n c t l o n s : The C o u n ty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f S c h o o ls p r o v i d e s two g en eral se rv ic e s: 1. S u p e r v i s i o n a n d d i r e c t i o n o f t h e e d u c a t i o n p ro g ra m o f th e s c h o o ls . (E .0 .3 5 6 a ,b ) 2 , G u id a n c e a n d d i r e c t i o n o f t h e B u s i n e s s a f f a i r s o f th e s c h o o ls . C. The E d u c a t i o n a l P ro g ram : Among t h e s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d by t h e C o un ty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f S c h o o ls i n t h e s u p e r v i s i o n a n d d i r e c t i o n o f t h e e d u c a t i o n a l p ro g ra m a r e t h e f o l l o w i n g : 1 . C o u rs e o f s t u d y 2 . S u p e rv isio n 3 . S e c o n d a ry C o - o r d i n a t i o n 4 . A u dio V i s u a l 5 . C o o p e ra tiv e s e r v ic e s 6 . C h i l d G u id a n c e C o n f e r e n c e s T e a c h e r P la c e m e n t S e r v i c e 7. 8 . In stitu te s 9. P r o f e s s io n a l L ib ra ry 1 0 . C o un ty s c h o o l s l i b r a r y 1 1 . C o u n ty S c h o o ls B u l l e t i n 1 2 . P u b l i c H e a l t h N u rs e T e stin g S e rv ic e 13. 14. R e p o r t c a r d s D* The B u s i n e s s O f f i c e Among t h e s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d by t h e B u s i n e s s O f f i c e i n d i r e c t i n g th e b u s in e s s a f f a i r s o f th e sc h o o ls a r e th e fo llo w in g : 1 . B u s i n e s s m a n ag er ( E .C . 3 6 5 ) 2 . B u d g e ts ( E . C . 6 3 0 1 -6 3 1 0 I n c . ) 3 . A c c o u n tin g Forms ( E . C . 1046) 4 . A c c o u n tin g ( E .C . 50 04 ) 5 . W a r r a n t A p p r o v a ls ( E .C .6 1 0 7 -6 1 0 8 ) 6 . A p p o r tio n m e n ts (E .C .5482, 8 0 2 9 ) 7« F i n a n c i a l R e p o r t s ( E .C .3 5 3 -3 6 0 I n c . ) 8 . R e p o r t s ( E . C . 6 7 5 7 , 13232/ 13251, 13274, 1 3 3 2 1 , 558-369, I n c .) 9 . T e a c h e r s 1 C e r t i f i c a t e s an d C r e d e n t i a l s 1 0. S c h o o l E l e c t i o n s (E .G . D i v i s i o n 1 1 , C h a p te r s 4 and 5 ) 1 1 . A p p o in tm e n t o f T r u s t e e s . (E .C * 1942-1944 I n c . , and 1003) 12. B u i l d i n g s a n d P r o p e r t i e s (E .C . 18171)
34
13* 14.
D i s t r i c t B o u n d aries ( E . 0 .1 4 7 1 ) M is c e lla n e o u s: P r o v i d e s maps show ing d i s t r i c t b o u n d a r ie s , p u b lis h e s th e sc h o o l d i r e c t o r y and c a le n d a r, e tc .
D e s c r i p t i o n o f s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s by a r e a s .
For th e
p u r p o s e o f p r e s e n t i n g more d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n , t h e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s o f t h e l a r g e r g e o g r a p h i c a r e a s w ere c o n s i d e r e d to g e th e r. W e s te r n a r e a .
T h is a r e a i n c l u d e s t h e c i t i e s
a n d M a ric o p a an d t h e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s
o f T aft
o f F e llo w s, M c K ittric k
O l i g , an d B e l r i d g e , L o s t H i l l s an d A n n e t t e .
W ith t h e e x c e p
t i o n o f A n n e t t e , t h e s e c o m m u n itie s a r e a l l c e n t e r s o f o i l in d u strie s.
S i n c e i t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t K ern c o u n t y p o s s e s s e s
a p p ro x im a te ly f i f t y p e r c e n t o f th e o i l r e s e rv e s o f th e s t a t e , i t i s o b v io u s t h a t t h e s e d i s t r i c t s a r e w e l l o f f f i n a n c i a l l y sp e a k in g .
T a b le I shows t h e c o m p a r i t i v e s i z e
an d w e a l t h o f t h e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s i n t h i s w e s t e r n s e c t i o n o f K ern c o u n t y . U s in g t h e f i g u r e s l i s t e d on T a b le I i t s h o u ld b e n o t e d t h a t t h e a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n p e r A .D.A. f o r t h e s e w e s t - s i d e s c h o o l s i s t h e e x t r e m e l y h i g h f i g u r e o f $47*194# S i n c e p r a c t i c a l l y t h e s o l e incom e i s from o i l i n d u s t r i e s t h e w e s t - s i d e c o m m u n itie s h av e a g r e a t d e a l i n common. School b u ild in g s a r e , in g e n e ra l, s u p e rio r to th o se i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e c o u n t y an d a r e f o r t h e m o st p a r t a d e q u a te .
The Midway, O l i g , B e l r i d g e , L o s t H i l l s and E l k
35 TABLE
I
SIZE, WEALTH AND CURRENT COST OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN THE WESTERN PART OF KERN COUNTY AS OF JULY 1 , 1943
D istric t
A n n e tt e
A ssessed v a lu a tio n 1 9 4 8 -4 9
A«D*A» 1 9 4 7 -4 8 9
$
A ssessed v a lu a tio n p e r A .D .A .
6 0 8 ,4 1 5 $ 6 7 ,6 0 1
C urrent cost 1 9 4 7 -4 8 $ 575
89
2 8 ,8 3 6 ,2 3 0
3 2 4 ,0 0 3
405
M arie© pa U n i f i e d 324
1 3 ,4 2 0 ,7 9 0
4 1 ,4 2 2
688
Midway
214
2 4 , 2 6 7 ,5 7 0
1 1 3 ,3 8 9
389
Lost H i l l s
95
8 , 3 5 6 ,2 4 0
8 7 ,9 6 0
413
O lig
44
1 0 , 4 7 9 ,3 8 0
2 3 8 ,1 6 8
601
T a ft C ity
1 ,7 4 6
3 2 ,9 8 8 ,9 9 5
1 8 ,8 9 4
335
T o ta ls
2 ,5 2 1
# 1 1 8 ,9 7 7 ,9 9 0
1 4 7 ,1 9 4
B e lrid g e
# 4 8 6 .5 7
36
H i l l s s c h o o l s a r e a l l e i g h t g r a d e e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o ls * Midway, T a f t a n d M a ric o p a a r e f u l l y g r a d e d h o w ev er. i s t h e o n ly u n i f i e d d i s t r i c t i n t h e c o u n t y .
O nly M a ric o p a
T a ft c i t y has
f o u r p r i m a r y s c h o o l s , one i n t e r m e d i a t e s c h o o l a n d one u p p e r g ra d e (g ra d e s 6- 7 - 8 ) o r ju n i o r h ig h s c h o o l. Of t h e s e w e s t s i d e s c h o o l s o n l y T a f t p r o v i d e s i t s own s u p e r v i s i o n ; t h e o t h e r s d e p e n d in g f o r su c h s e r v i c e s upo n t h e o f f i c e o f t h e C ou nty S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f S c h o o l s . C e n tra l V a lle y s e c tio n .
The c e n t r a l v a l l e y s e c t i o n
o f K e rn c o u n t y c o n s t i t u t e s a m ore o r l e s s n a t u r a l g e o g r a p h i c area.
I t i s t h e l a r g e s t b o t h I n te rm s o f a r e a a n d o f
p o p u la tio n .
S ource o f w e a lth f o r th e c e n t r a l s e c t i o n
l i e s i n i t s a g r i c u l t u r e and i t s o i l .
F o r th e p u rp o se o f t h i s
s u r v e y i t was c o n s i d e r e d i n t h r e e s e c t i o n s n o r t h e r n , c e n t r a l , and s o u th e rn . S c h o o l d i s t r i c t s l i s t e d on T a b le I I a r e l o c a t e d i n th e n o rth c e n t r a l p o r tio n o f th e c o u n ty . are id e n tic a l.
Community i n t e r e s t s
Community s e t t l e m e n t s a r e r a t h e r w id e l y
s e p a r a t e d h o w e v e r.
C o n s id e r e d a s a w h o le , t h e w e a l t h p e r
e l e m e n t a r y A .D .A . f o r t h e d i s t r i c t s i n t h i s a r e a i s a b o v e th e av erag e f o r th e s t a t e . o f th e te n d i s t r i c t s ,
I t s h o u ld b e n o t e d , h o w ev e r, t h a t
s i x a r e b e lo w t h e s t a t e a v e r a g e .
School d i s t r i c t s
l i s t e d on T a b le I I I a r e t h o s e w h ic h
l i e w i t h i n a tw e n ty m i l e r a d i u s o f t h e c i t y o f B a k e r s f i e l d .
37
TABLE
II
SIZE, WEALTH AND CURRENT COST OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL PART OF KERN COUNTY AS OF JULY 1 , 1948
D istric t
A .D.A.
A ssessed v a lu a tio n 1 9 4 8 -4 9
A ssessed v a lu a tio n p e r A .D .A .
C urrent cost 1 9 4 7 -4 8
$
7 ,5 7 4
$ 205
B u tto n w illo w
663
$ 5 , 0 2 1 ,7 3 0
D e la n o Union
1 ,6 7 6
1 5 , 6 9 3 ,6 1 0
9 ,3 6 4
170
D erdo
161
1 ,5 8 1 ,8 2 5
9 ,8 2 5
215
M aple
143
1 , 0 6 9 ,5 0 0
7 ,4 7 9
233
M c F a rla n d Union .
97^
7 ,3 4 4 ,1 6 5
7 ,5 0 9
157
Pondham Union
223
2 ,3 1 0 ,0 1 0
1 0 ,3 5 9
130
1 ,6 9 7
2 1 ,6 1 7 ,2 9 0
1 2 ,7 3 8
165
122
2 8 ,7 7 8 ,8 2 0
2 3 5 ,8 9 1
384
65
1 ,3 8 1 ,0 3 0
2 1 ,2 4 7
382
Wasco U nion
1 ,3 6 3
7 ,3 2 3 ,2 6 0
5 ,2 7 6
174
T o ta ls
7 ,1 1 6
$ 9 2 ,1 2 1 ,2 9 0
$ 1 2 ,9 4 5
R ic h la n d R io B ravo Union S e m itro p ic
$2 2 6 . 5 0
3$
TABLE
III
SIZE, WEALTH AHD CURRENT COST OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF KERN COUNTY AS OF JULY 1 , 1943
D is tr ic t
A*D.A« 1 9 4 7 -4 3
A ssessed v a lu a t io n 1 9 4 3 -4 9
A ss e s se d v a lu a t io n p er A .D .A .
B a k e r s f ie ld
1 0 ,2 2 0
$ 6 5 ,0 0 1 ,2 6 5
$ 6 ,3 6 0
$170
1 ,2 3 4
3 ,7 7 3 ,4 1 5
6 ,8 3 2
160
E d ison
145
1 1 ,6 0 0 ,5 1 5
8 0 ,0 0 3
343
F a ir f a x
566
1 ,7 1 9 ,4 3 0
3 ,0 3 7
168
F r u it v a le
334
3 , 3 2 2 ,3 2 0
2 6 ,4 1 4
202
G r eeley
113
2 ,9 7 2 ,6 9 0
2 6 ,3 0 6
221
90
1 ,0 5 5 ,0 6 5
1 1 ,7 7 2
239
261
2 ,7 7 3 ,8 2 0
1 0 ,6 2 7
195
1 3 ,0 1 3
$ 1 0 2 ,7 1 3 ,5 7 0
$ 7 ,3 9 3
B e a r d s le y
N o r r is R o se d a le Union T o ta ls
C urrent cost 1 9 4 7 -4 8
$ 2 1 3 .5 0
39
T h re e o f t h e s e d i s t r i c t s , w i t h much t h e g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n , a r e belo w t h e s t a t e a v e r a g e i n a s s e s s ed v a l u a t i o n p e r e l e m e n t a r y A .D .A .
The c i t y o f
m ig h t b e te rm e d t h e hub o f t h e c o u n t y .
B a k e rsfie ld
The sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s
l i s t e d on T a b le IV a r e s u f f i c i e n t l y c l o s e so t h a t t h e i r i n t e r e s t s a r e c lo s e ly a l l i e d w ith th o se of th e c i t y . S c h o o l d i s t r i c t s l i s t e d on T a b le V a r e l o c a t e d i n th e so u th c e n t r a l p o r t i o n o f th e co u n ty .
The m o u n ta in
s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s i n t h e e x tre m e s o u t h e r n p a r t o f t h e c o u n t y a r e n o t l i s t e d on t h i s c h a r t . The p r i n c i p a l p r o d u c t s o f t h e s e a r e a s a r e a g r i c u l t u r a l an d /o r o i l .
I t may b e n o t e d t h a t w i t h i n t h i s a r e a t h e r e
e x i s t s v e r y c o n s i d e r a b l e d i f f e r e n c e s among t h e v a r i o u s d i s t r i c t s i n t h e a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n p e r A .D .A .
A ric h d i s t r i c t
may l i e s i d e by s i d e t o a n im p o v e r i s h e d d i s t r i c t .
The v a r i a
t i o n , o f c o u r s e , i s c a u s e d by t h e l c a t i o n o f o i l d e p o s i t s . F iv e o f th e n in e d i s t r i c t s
l i s t e d h e r e h av e i n a d e q u a t e a s s e s s e d
v a l u a t i o n p e r e l e m e n t a r y A.D.A. M o u n ta in a r e a .
S c h o o l d i s t r i c t s l i s t e d on T a b le V
a r e t h o s e l o c a t e d i n t h e m o u n ta in a r e a s o f t h e c o u n t y . T h ese m o u n ta in s l i e V a lle y s e c tio n .
to th e s o u th and e a s t o f th e C e n tr a l
F o r t h e m o st p a r t t h e m o u n ta in c o m m u n itie s
a r e i s o l a t e d fro m e a c h o t h e r by r o u g h t e r r a i n , a r e c o n n e c te d by a good r o a d s y s t e m .
th o u g h a l l
The p r o b le m s an d
40
TABLE
IV
SIZE, WEALTH AND CURRENT COST OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL PART OF KERN COUNTY AS OF JULY 1 , 194#
A «D • A • 1 9 4 7 -4 8
A ssessed v a lu a t io n 1 9 4 3 -4 9
1 ,1 6 6
# 5 ,3 2 5 ,0 9 0
45
A ssessed v a lu a t io n p er A .D .A .
C urrent cost 1 9 4 7 -4 8
#
4 ,5 6 6
$ 142
2 9 , 4 5 6 ,4 4 0
6 5 4 ,5 8 7
548
234
3 ,8 6 6 ,0 0 5
1 6 ,5 2 1
237
G r e e n fie ld Union 54$
2 ,0 9 8 ,3 9 5
3 ,8 2 9
150
L a k esid e Union
396
3 4 ,5 7 6 ,5 2 0
8 7 ,3 1 4
270
M ountain View
996
4 ,1 0 4 ,6 5 5
4 ,1 2 1
154
Panama Union
426
1 ,7 0 6 ,6 9 0
4 ,0 0 6
179
$4
1 ,2 2 9 ,5 8 0
1 4 ,6 3 7
187
703
2 ,8 6 9 ,5 6 0
4 ,0 8 1
188
4 ,5 9 8
# 8 5 ,2 3 3 ,1 3 5
# 1 8 ,5 3 7
D is tr ic t
A rvin Buena V is t a D iG io r g io
S h a fte r V in elan d T o t a ls
# 2 2 8 .3 3
41
TABLE
V
SIZE, WEALTH AND CURRENT COST OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN THE MOUNTAIN AREAS OF KERN COUNTY AS OF JULY 1 , 1943
D istric t
A .D .A . 1 9 4 7 -4 8
B la k e
9
A ssessed v a lu a tio n 1 9 4 8 -4 9
A ssessed v a lu a tio n p e r A .D .A.
$
6 0 8 ,4 1 5
$ 6 7 ,6 0 1
#575
C urrent cost 1 9 4 7 -4 8
C a lie n te
31
7 9 5 ,0 6 0
2 5 ,6 4 7
13a
Cummings V a l l e y
23
1 2 3 ,9 8 0
5 ,3 9 0
236
G ra n ite
6
2 3 9 ,2 6 5
3 9 ,8 7 7
671
In d ia n
13
2 5 2 ,3 8 0
1 1 ,7 2 1
326
Keene
30
7 3 1 ,8 5 5
2 4 ,3 9 5
231
K e r n v i l l e U nion
92
2 , 2 7 3 ,8 2 0
2 4 ,7 1 5
230
Lebec
43
3 5 6 ,4 4 0
8 ,2 8 9
237
L in n s V a l l e y
40
4 3 7 ,1 8 0
1 0 ,9 2 9
201
P e rsh in g
139
6 , 6 5 2 ,5 7 5
4 7 ,8 6 0
200
Poso F l a t
10
9 4 4 ,6 3 0
9 4 ,4 6 3
432
S o u th F o rk U nion 56
7 6 0 ,4 5 0
1 3 ,5 7 9
322
T ehachapi
406
3 ,5 5 6 ,4 6 5
8 ,7 5 9
173
Twin Oaks
17
6 2 9 ,6 0 0
3 7 ,0 3 5
331
Vaughn
22
8 8 9 ,3 1 5
4 0 ,4 2 3
401
T o ta ls
937
* 1 9 ,2 5 1 ,4 3 0
* 2 0 ,5 4 5
# 3 1 3 .6 0
42
i n t e r e s t s o f t h e s e tow ns a r e t h o s e p e c u l i a r t o s m a l l i n d e p e n d e n t c o m m u n itie s .
T h re e o f t h e s e d i s t r i c t s h av e a s s e s s e d
v a l u a t i o n p e r A.D.A. w h ic h a r e b elo w t h e s t a t e a v e r a g e . C h i e f p r o d u c t s o f t h e m o u n ta in a r e a s a r e b e e f c a t t l e p l u s some fa rm an d m in e r a l p r o d u c t s * D esert a r e a .
S c h o o l d i s t r i c t s l i s t e d on T a b le V I
a r e lo c a te d in th e d e s e r t a re a s w est o f th e Tehachapi M o u n ta in s .
T h is a r e a i s v e r y s p a r s e l y s e t t l e d a n d c o m p a r i-
t i v e l y p o o r when com pared w i t h t h e r e s t o f t h e c o u n t y .
Of
t h e t e n d i s t r i c t s l i s t e d , o n ly t h r e e h a v e a n a s s e s s e d v a l u a ti o n eq u a l to o r above th e s t a t e a v e ra g e . b e lo w t h e a v e r a g e .
S ev en a r e
The c h i e f i n d u s t r i e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h
t h i s a r e a a r e t h o s e c o n c e r n e d w i t h m in i n g .
T h e re i s a
l i m i t e d am ount o f f a r m i n g , c o n f i n e d p r i n c i p a l l y t o t h e A n t e l o p e V a l l e y a r e a an d t h e C a n t i l a r e a . E x tre m e v a r i a t i o n i n a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n o f e l e m e n t a r y school d i s t r i c t s .
The number o f c h i l d r e n fro m d i s t r i c t s
whose a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n was b e lo w t h e s t a t e a v e r a g e o f $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 p e r e l e m e n t a r y A .D.A, i n 1947 -19 48 t o t a l e d 2 0 ,6 8 5 o r 2 1 .2 p e r c e n t o f a l l t h e c h i l d r e n i n t h e c o u n t y .
S ev en ty -
e i g h t an d e i g h t t e n t h s p e r c e n t o f a l l t h e c h i l d r e n I n t h e c o u n t y t h e r e f o r e , a r e a t t e n d i n g s c h o o l s w hose d i s t r i c t s a r e fin a n c ia lly s a tisfa c to ry . W ith in th e s e f i n a n c i a l l y s a t i s f a c t o r y d i s t r i c t s
43
TABLE
VI
S IZ E , WEALTH AND CURRENT COST OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN THE EASTERN DESERT PART OF KERN COUNTY AS OF JULY 1 , 1948
D is tr ic t
China Lake
A.D.A* 1 9 4 7 -4 8 881
A ssessed v a lu a t io n 1 9 4 8 -4 9
A ssessed v a lu a t io n p er A .D .A .
C urrent cost 1 9 4 7 -4 8
$ 1 0 0 ,6 8 0
$
114
$ 176
11
1 6 3 ,6 8 0
1 5 ,7 8 9
333
380
6 9 5 ,7 8 5
1 ,8 5 2
168
Johannesburg
41
6 0 ,1 6 0
1 ,4 6 7
167
Mount Owen
11
3 3 ,0 1 5
3 ,0 8 3
435
M ojave
357
2 ,4 5 8 ,8 2 0
6 ,8 5 9
179
Muroc
211
4 , 7 1 8 ,7 9 0
2 2 ,3 6 3
203
Randsburg
70
3 5 7 ,1 3 5
5 ,1 6 1
190
Red Rock
28
3 1 9 ,0 6 0
1 1 ,3 9 5
202
174
1 ,4 9 8 ,6 0 0
8 ,6 1 2
211
2 ,1 6 4
$ 1 0 ,4 0 6 ,6 5 2
$ 4 ,8 0 8
G arlock In d ia n W ells V a lle y Union
S ou th ern Kern County Union T o t a ls
$ 2 2 6 .4 0
44
h o w e v e r, t h e r e i s a v e r y w id e v a r i a t i o n i n a c o m p a r is o n o f r e l a t i v e w e a lth .
For in s ta n c e , fo u r d i s t r i c t s lo c a te d in
t h e o i l - p r o d u c i n g b e l t o f K ern c o u n t y , t h e d i s t r i c t s o f B e l r i d g e , Buena V i s t a , L a k e s i d e a n d R io B ravo h a v e a t o t a l A .D.A. o f 652 c h i l d r e n o r 2 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l number i n th e co u n ty .
Y e t t h e s e same d i s t r i c t s h av e a t o t a l a s s e s s e d
v a l u a t i o n o f $ 1 2 1 ,6 4 8 ,0 1 0 o r 26 p e r c e n t o f t h e w e a l t h o f t h e c o u n ty .
T h is am ounts t o a n a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n p e r u n i t o f
e l e m e n t a r y A .D.A, o f $ 1 8 6 ,5 7 6 . Compared t o t h s e d i s t r i c t s a r e t h e f o u r d i s t r i c t s o f F a i r f a x , V i n e l a n d , G r e e n f i e l d a n d I n d i a n W e lls V a l l e y U n io n w i t h 2 ,1 9 7 o r 6 . 8 p e r c e n t o f t h e c h i l d r e n i n t h e c o u n t y b u t w i t h a t o t a l a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n o f o n ly $ 7 > 3 8 5 ,2 2 0 o r 1 . 6 p e r c e n t o f t h e c o u n t y 1s w e a l t h ; o r e x p r e s s e d i n te rm s o f a s s e s s e d v a l u a t i o n p e r u n i t o f A .D.A. o f o n l y $3* 26 0 . W h ile t h e s e f i g u r e s c o n c e r n t h e e x t r e m e s , n e v e r t h e l e s s t h e y p o i n t t o t h e n ee d f o r e q u a l i z a t i o n w i t h i n t h e a r e a . S iz e and w e a lth o f a l l e le m e n ta ry d i s t r i c t s w ith in t h e c o u n ty a r e sum m arized i n T a b le V I I . S e c o n d a ry s y s t e m s .
H ig h s c h o o l e d u c a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d
t h e y o u t h o f t h e c o u n t y by f i v e h i g h s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s ,
one
u n i f i e d d i s t r i c t a n d one j o i n t u n io n h i g h s c h o o l d i s t r i c t l o c a te d o u ts i d e th e co u n ty l i m i t s . d i s t r i c t s a r e i n d i c a t e d on Map 2 .
The b o u n d r i e s o f t h e s e
TABLE
711
SIZE AND WEALTH OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN KERN COUNTY, AS OF JULY 1 , 194$
Name o f d i s t r i c t
A nnette Aqueduct Arvin A ztec B a k e r s fie ld C ity B ea rd sley B e lr id g e B lake Buena V is ta B u tton w illo w Union C a lie n te China Lake Cummings V a lle y Delano Union D iG iorgio Edison Elk H il ls F a ir fa x F r u itv a le G arlock G ran ite
A.D.A. 1947-48
9 51 1 ,1 6 6 So 1 0 ,2 2 0 1 ,2 8 4 89 12 45 663 31 881 23 1 ,6 7 6 234 145 127 566 334 11 6
A ssessed v a lu a tio n 1943-49 $ 608,415 1 ,0 5 0 ,3 9 5 5 ,3 2 5 ,0 9 0 7 ,0 1 8 ,8 1 0 6 5 ,0 0 1 ,2 6 5 3,773,43.5 2 3 ,8 3 6 ,2 3 0 632,735 2 9 ,4 5 6 ,4 4 0 5 ,0 2 1 ,7 3 0 795,060 100,680 123,980 1 5 ,6 9 3 ,6 1 0 3 ,8 6 6 ,0 0 5 1 1 ,6 0 0 ,5 1 5 1 6 ,2 1 6 ,3 1 5 1 ,7 1 9 ,4 8 0 8 ,8 2 2 ,3 2 0 1 63 ,6 8 0 239,265
A ssessed v a lu a tio n per A.D.A. $ 6 7 ,6 0 1 20,595 4 ,5 6 6 87,735 6 ,3 6 0 6 ,8 3 2 324,003 52,727 6 54,587 7 ,5 7 4 25,647 114 5 ,3 9 0 9 ,3 6 4 16,521 80,003 127,687 3 ,0 3 7 2 6 ,4 1 4 15,789 39,87 7
(To b e con tin u ed )
Bonds o u t sta n d in g
$233,700 2 , 5 0 0,000 409,000
246,000
125,000 5 0,00 0 225,000
Current cost
G eneral ta x r a te
$575 196 142 382 170 160 405 376 548 205 138 176 236 170 237 343 429 168 202 333 671
$ .48 .8 0 1 .5 0 .8 0 1 .8 0 1 .2 5 .3 0 .5 8 .09 1 .5 0 .65 .9 0 .3 8 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .2 5 .55 1 .5 0 .9 0 .7 8 .62
TABLE VII (C ontinued) SIZE AND WEALTH OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN KERN COUNTY, AS OF JULY 1 , 194$
Name o f d i s t r i c t
GreeleyG r e e n f ie ld Union I n d ia n I n d ia n W ells V a lle y U, Jo h a n n esb u rg Keene K e r n v ille Union L a k e sid e Union Lebec L erdo L inns V a lle y L o st H i l l s M aple M aricopa U n ifie d M cFarland Union Midway M ojave M ountain View Mount Owen Muroc N o rr is O lig
A.D.A. 1947-48
113 548 13 380 41 30 92 396 43 161 40 95 143 324 978 214 357 996 11 211 90 44
A sse ssed v a lu a tio n 1948-49
A sse sse d v a l u a ti o n p e r A.D.A.
Bonds o u t s ta n d in g
4 2 ,9 7 2 ,6 9 0 2 ,0 9 8 ,3 9 5 2 5 2 ,3 8 0 695,785 6 0 ,1 6 0 731,855 2 ,2 7 3 ,8 2 0 3 4 ,5 7 6 ,5 2 0 3 5 6 ,4 4 0 1 ,5 8 1 ,8 2 5 4 3 7 ,1 8 0 8 ,3 5 6 ,2 4 0 1 ,0 6 9 ,5 0 0
4 2 6 ,3 0 6 3 ,8 2 9 1 1 ,7 2 1 1 ,8 5 2 1 ,4 6 7 24,395 24,7 1 5 8 7 ,3 1 4 8 ,2 8 9 9,825: 1 0 ,9 2 9 8 7 ,9 6 0 7 ,4 7 9
$ 3 5 ,0 0 0 1 3 2 ,4 0 0
7 ,3 4 4 ,1 6 5 2 4 ,2 6 7 ,5 7 0 2 ,4 5 8 ,8 2 0 4 ,1 0 4 ,6 5 5 33,915 4 ,7 1 8 ,7 9 0 1 ,0 5 5 ,0 6 5 1 0 ,4 7 9 ,3 8 0
7 ,5 0 9 1 1 3 ,3 8 9 6 ,8 5 9 4 ,1 2 1 3,083 22 ,3 6 3 1 1 ,7 2 2 2 3 8 ,1 6 8
9 0 ,0 0 0
4 0 ,0 0 0
3 2 5,000 1 1 ,0 0 0
6 5 ,0 0 0
1 4 0 ,0 0 0 50 ,0 0 0
C u rre n t cost
G e n e ra l ta x ra te
|2 2 1 150 326 168 167 231 230 270 237 215 201 413 233 261 157 389 179 154 435 203 289 601
4
.8 0 2 .0 0 .8 0 .8 0 .8 0 .8 0 .7 8 .8 0 .8 0 1 .5 0 .8 0 1 .4 3 2 .0 0 1 .6 0 1 .4 6 .9 0 1 .3 1 1 .5 0 .8 0 .8 0 1 .5 0 .62
(To be c o n tin u e d ) -FOn
I: TABLE VII
(C ontinued)
SIZE AND WEALTH OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN KERN COUNTY, AS OF JULY 1 , 194#
Name o f d i s t r i c t
A.D.A* 1947-43
Panama Union 426 P e rs h in g 139 Pondham Union 223 10 Poso F l a t R andsburg 70 28 Red Rock R i ch la n d 1 ,6 9 7 R io B ravo Union 122 R o se d a le Union 261 S e m itro p ic 65 S h a f te r 34 S o u th e rn Kern Co* Union 174 S outh Fork Union 56 1 ,2 7 8 S ta n d a rd 1 ,7 4 6 T a f t C ity T ehachap i 406 Twin Oaks 17 Vaughn 22 V in e la n d 703 Wasco Union 1 ,3 8 8 42 Wildwood
A sse ssed v a l u a ti o n 1948-49 | 1 ,7 0 6 6 ,6 5 2 2 ,3 1 0 944 357 319 21 ,6 1 7 2 8 ,7 7 8 2 ,7 7 3 1 ,3 8 1 1 ,2 2 9 1 ,4 9 8 760 9 ,4 9 3 32 ,9 8 8 3 ,5 5 6 629 889 2 ,8 6 9 7,3 2 3 415
890 575 010 630 135 060 290 820 820 080 580 600 450 100 995 465 600 315 560 260 160
A sse sse d v a l u a ti o n p e r A.D.A. $
4 47 10 94 5 11 12 235 10 21 14 8 13 7 18 8 37 40 4 5 9
006 860 359 463 161 395 738 891 627 247 637 612 579 428 894 759 035 423 081 276 885
Bonds o u t s ta n d in g $100,000 9 0 ,0 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 6 2 ,0 0 0 4 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 7 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 189,000 5 ,0 0 0 7 7 ,0 0 0 250,000
C u rre n t cost
G e n e ra l ta x ra te
$179 200 180 432 190 202 165 384 195 382 187 211 322 182 335 173 331 401 188 174 263
$ 1 .5 0 .8 0 1 .5 0 .8 0 .8 0 .8 0 1 .5 0 .8 0 1 .5 0 1 .5 5 1 .5 0 1 .2 8 1 .5 5 1 .5 0 2 .2 0 .9 0 .8 0 .8 0 2 .0 0 1 .5 0 2 .5 0
■F-0
VIMIIM » » N M
49 The f i n a n c i a l s t a n d i n g o f a l l s e c o n d a r y s y s te m s w i t h i n t h e c o u n ty l i m i t s a r e shown i n T a b le V I I I . In c re a s e d a v e ra g e d a i ly a tte n d a n c e .
The n e e d f o r
r e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s c h o o l d i s t r i c t s h a s , d u r in g r e c e n t y e a r s , b e e n s h a r p l y a c c e n te d by th e r i s e i n a v e r a g e d a i l y a t t e n d a n c e . F ig u re 1 i l l u s t r a t e s a r a t h e r s t a t i c
s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n fro m
th e 1 9 4 0 -1 9 4 1 s c h o o l y e a r t o t h e 1 9 4 3 -1 9 4 4 s c h o o l y e a r f o l low ed by e x c e s s i v e y e a r l y i n c r e a s e s fro m th e 194 4 -1 9 4 5 s c h o o l y e a r t o t h e 1 9 4 7 -1 9 4 8 s c h o o l y e a r .
Few e le m e n ta r y s c h o o ls
w ere c a p a b le o f a d e q u a te ly c a r i n g f o r t h e g r e a t l y i n c r e a s e d a t t e n d a n c e s u d d e n ly t h r u s t upon them . F i g u r e 2 shows t h a t h ig h s c h o o l a t t e n d a n c e v a r i e d som ew hat fro m t h e e le m e n ta r y p a t t e r n b u t , t o a l e s s e r d e g r e e , i n c r e a s e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y fro m 1944 t o 1948. S ig n ific a n c e o f r is i n g b i r t h r a t e .
I t i s e v i d e n t fro m
a s i n s p e c t i o n o f F ig u r e 3* w h ic h shows th e i n c r e a s e i n b i r t h r a t e f o r K ern c o u n ty d u r in g t h e y e a r s 1930 t o 1947# t h a t th e p e a k i n s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n i s s t i l l a lo n g way o f f .
W h ile
th e 3 ,4 7 9 c h i l d r e n b o r n i n 1941 r e a c h e d th e f i r s t g r a d e i n 19475 th e 6 ,4 4 1 c h i l d r e n b o r n i n 1947 w i l l n o t e n t e r t h e f i r s t g r a d e u n t i l 1933* E f f e c t o f b i r t h r a t e a n d im m ig r a tio n up o n f u t u r e a t t e n d ance.
The b i r t h r a t e d u r in g t h e s i x y e a r p e r i o d 1939-
TABLE
¥111
SIZE AND WEALTH OF HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN KERN COUNTY, AS OF JULY 1 , 1943
Name o f d i s t r i c t
A.D.A. 1947-43
D elano J o i n t Union V alu e—Kern County V alu e— T u la re County
A sse ssed v a l u a ti o n 1948-49
A sse sse d v a l u a ti o n p e r A.D.A.
359
$ 2 7 ,3 2 3 ,5 6 0 1 3 ,0 0 3 ,6 2 0 9 ,3 2 4 ,9 4 0
# 3 1 ,3 1 4
Kern Co. Union High 3 ,2 5 9 V alue—K ern County V alu e— San B e rn a rd in o Co. V alue— In y o County
3 1 5 ,1 9 9 ,9 9 5 3 1 5 ,1 3 9 ,5 0 5 6 ,7 4 0 3 ,7 5 0
33,235
1 3 ,4 2 0 ,7 9 0 3 3 ,9 5 2 ,2 6 0 5 ,9 2 0 ,1 7 0 1 9 ,2 3 5 ,1 6 0
4 1 ,4 2 2 7 7 ,3 7 7 27,032 4 0 ,0 1 0
M aricopa U n if ie d T a f t Union High S chool T eh ach ap i V a lle y Union Wasco Union High S ch o o l
324 1 ,0 7 3 219 432
A n te lo p e V a lle y J o i n t Union High (Los A ngeles Co.) V alue— Kern County V alue-L os A ngeles County
Bonds o u t s ta n d in g
C u rre n t cost
G e n e ra l ta x ra te
$294
$ 1 .4 1
# 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
314
.7 0
2 33,000 342,000
688 525 306 367
1 .6 0 1 .0 0 .75 .75
2 8 ,2 1 3 ,4 3 0 9 ,5 7 6 ,2 4 5 1 8 ,6 3 7 ,2 3 5
1 .2 5
DISTRICTS NOT BELONGING TO ANY HIGH SCHOOL Mount Owen I n d ia n W ells V a lle y Union (E x c l. Los F lo r e s )
33 ,9 1 5 695,735
.8 0 .75
O
51
A .D .A .
1 9 4 7 -4 3
3 1 ,7 5 8
1 9 4 6 -4 7
2 9 ,0 9 1
1 9 4 5 -4 6
2 3 ,2 7 1
1 9 4 4 -4 5
2 0 ,8 3 6
1 9 4 3 -4 4
1 7 ,6 6 5
1 9 4 2 -4 3
18,760
1 9 4 1 -4 2
1 9 ,4 4 0
1 9 4 0 -4 1
1 8 ,9 7 2 o o o *» v\ i—1
O O O o O o o O o o o o O o O o our\ o oUN o U O to o O UV o o •% •V •s *» o 1—1 C\2 -d- LO O' •co oCO vQ •co O 02 02 02 02 i—1 02 02 i—1 i—i AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE BY YEARS
FIGURE
1
AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE FOR KERN COUNTY ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 1 9 4 0 -4 8
o oUO 1—1 CO
33 , 000 .
Y ear
52
Y ear
A.D.A*
1 9 4 3 -4 9
1 1 ,6 4 3
1 9 4 7 -4 3
1 1 ,0 0 2
1 9 4 6 -4 7
1 0 ,2 7 1
1 9 4 5 -4 6
7 ,4 4 9
1 9 4 4 -4 5
6 ,3 3 7
1 9 4 3 -4 4
6 ,3 0 4
1 9 4 2 -4 3
6, 520
19 4 1 -4 2
3 ,3 9 4
1 9 4 1 -4 1
9 ,0 3 3
o
o o o
o o CM
“T T " o o o o
03 tO 1—1 a a t> to w 0 3M to n a v£> \jj 0 0 0 a c+ g; O H VO w -r -H - 0 to h3 a to
>
h3
to W O to
w H Q a to to
1 ,6 5 3 1 ,4 6 3 1 ,3 9 6 1 ,3 4 2 1 ,5 3 3 1 ,6 4 5 1 ,9 6 9 2 ,5 2 3 2 ,3 3 0 2 ,9 9 3 3 ,3 7 2 3 ,4 7 9 3 ,6 3 6 4 ,0 0 6 4 ,4 3 9 4 ,4 3 6 5 ,3 5 0 6 ,4 4 1
Y ear 1930 1931 1932 4 r r i ; : i I i *......j..... ; i : I • • • i j ••••j.... 1933 l : : :: ; i :• : \ ; - 4 . . . . . i .. i. . . . . . i. . . . . i. . . . . . i.. 1 - . 4 — .. . . [ . . . . { . . . . . 1934 1935 -j.. j-i. i. i-4 -l... | . j - i - f .. 1.H 1936 | | i \/ i * : • : I • ! 1937 7 r.....:—-j— -j-'***?.... i..... 7— 4-•** : : i i : • i : I!? • . 1933 : | 4 ••••• 1939 •i ; .... *•.... ;... •.... j... :*•' : 1940 ( ^ : ' iv U J H f " H ..p j... j..p f" 1941 •4...{.-..a... p..?...... -....;....j... i... t |...j...r 1942 -f t......4 .4 ... " f *| .. \“ ^ . ; . . •?.. ? " i.... I’— l ..... i... f ~ f 1943 •*:...?•*••7pHsJ... -I..I...i. |..............p.p.. 1944 [••“ r iv,r i 1.... 7 .... f — i... i — f ..... ; .... i ..... ~ ~ M :......