The Athenian Agora : results of excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Vol. 28, The Lawcourts at Athens Sites, Buildings, Equipment, Procedure, and Testimonia 9780876612163, 0876612168, 9780876612194, 0876612192, 9780876612231, 0876612230, 9780876612248, 0876612249, 9780876612255, 0876612257, 9780876612262, 0876612265, 9780876612279, 0876612273, 9780876612286, 0876612281, 9780876612293, 087661229X, 9780876612309, 0876612303

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The Lawcourts at Athens Sites, Buildings, Equipment, Procedure, and Testimonia Alan L. Boegehold; John McK. Camp, II; Margaret Crosby; Mabel Lang; David R. Jordan; Rhys F. Townsend The Athenian Agora, Vol. 28, The Lawcourts at Athens Sites, Buildings, Equipment, Procedure, and Testimonia. (1995), pp. iii-v+vii-xxviii+1+3-51+53-113+115+117-241+243+245-256. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1558-8610%281995%2928%3Ciii%3ATLAASB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 The Athenian Agora is currently published by American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

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THE ATHENIAN AGORA RESULTS O F EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED BY T H E AMERICAN SCHOOL O F CLASSICAL STUDIES A T ATHENS

VOLUME XXVIII

THE LAWCOURTS AT ATHENS SITES, BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, PROCEDURE, AND TESTIMONIA BY

ALAN L. BOEGEHOLD WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY

JOHN MCK. CAMP 11, MARGARET CROSBY, MABEL LANG, DAVID R. JORDAN, AND RHYS E TOWNSEND

T H E AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES A T ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1995

Libof Congress Cablo*-in-Publicatiom Data Boegehold, Alan L (Alan Lindley) The lawcourts at Athens : sites, buildings, equipment, procedure, and testimonia / by Alan L Boegehold with contributionsby John McK. Camp 11. . . [et al.]. cm.-(Athenian Agora ;v. 28) p. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87661-228-1 @c. : alk. paper) 1. Courts-Greece-Athens-History. 2. Courthouses-Greece-AthensHistory. 3. Procedure (Law)-Greece-Athens-History. 4. Athens (Greece)Antiquities. 5. Athens (Greece)-Buildings, structures, etc. I. Title. 11. Series KL4115.A75B64 1995 347.495' 1 2 0 1 4 ~ 2 0 [344.951207I] 95-18926 CIP

@ American School of Classical Studies at Athens 1995 TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE

C/O INSTTNTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY PLATES BY THE STINEHOUR PRESS, LUNENBURG, VERMONT PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE JOHN D. LUCAS PRINTING COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MAR-

For J. E. M. B.

PREFACE

T

HE PRESENT STUDY is intended to describe and i d e n t . objects, buildings, and sites that Athenians used in connection with their lawcourts, especially during the 5th and 4th centuries B.C.E. but also during the early 3rd century. The organization of the book is as follows. There are three parts. In Part I, Chapter 1, names of courts are analyzed. There are twenty-five such names, excepting those of homicide courts, and a study of them all in context shows not surprisingly that Athenians had more than one name for some of their courts. If in fact all possible instances of polyonymy are authentic, there turn out to have been not twenty-five courts, that is, one for each preserved name, but perhaps as few as ten or twelve in all. These ten or twelve, moreover, were not all in use in the same period. Between, say, 422 and 322 B.c.E., no matter how one segments the whole span, there may have been functioning within any of the periods created thereby no more than four or five courts. In Chapter 2, names of courts and structures plausibly identified as courts are reviewed and possibilities of identification explored. In Chapter 3, a prehistory of Athenian courts is hypothesized in a sketch in which the original meaning of "heliaia" is discussed. There follows in Chapter 4 a schematic presentation of three representative court days. The first is from an early time in the history of the courts, namely 460 (roughly)to 410/9 B.C.E. (pp. 23-30). A second is from a middle time, 410-340 B.C.E. (pp. 30-36). A third is from a late time, 340 to 322 B.C.E. (pp. 36-41). This last, however, is not the latest, and a note added as epilogue surveys various functions ofpopular courts at Athens from 322 until 106 B.C.E. I emphasize the word "schematic" because for practically any single procedural function, there are attested exceptions, variations, and alternatives. In Chapter 5 there is a brief resume of sites, equipment, and procedure in the Athenian homicide courts. In Part 11, an introduction is followed by seven chapters, each consisting of both an essay that defines and sets in context one kind of object associated with court procedures and a catalogue that lists all examples of that object found in excavations of the Agora. The order of presentation in Part I1 approximates the order in which the objects in question might appear or be used on a court day. The first item, a lead curse tablet, would, one supposes, have been consigned to its proper destination a day or so before the trial whose outcome it was to influence. Dikastic pinakia, of which there are twenty-four, are next, followed by a kleroterion (one) and balls (nine of bronze and one of terracotta), bronze tokens (fifty-eight),a klepsydra (one), an echinos (one), and bronze and lead ballots (fifty-four). Next, a catalogue of court sites includes brief descriptions of sites in and around Athens that have been identified with varying degrees of plausibility as places where courts met, both popular and homicide courts. In addition, all ways of referring to Athenian courts, whether formal or casual, are included in the same list, and various putative identifications of sites and building remains are assessed. Two essays follow, one presenting a description in detail of the Square Peribolos (which has more or less regularly been called Heliaia in the past), the other, descriptions in detail of various building remains under the Stoa of Attalos. The volume concludes with a catalogue of 355 testimonia taken from literature and inscriptions and cited here by catalogue number in bold font. The major headings are general lists of courts, homicide courts, popular courts, architectural requirements, and equipment. This collection, the

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PREFACE

heart of the book, attests the use and identity of sites and objects used in the courts. Its scope and limits can be exemplified by two passages from 4th-century orators. Aischines 3.55-56 (229) is included because, in alluding to an audience that stands outside the court, he helps to situate material resources and equipment. [Demosthenes] 25.98, on the other hand, tells us principally that there were foreigners and metoikoi among the bystanders. This is welcome information, but because it does not help to define or limit an area or structure, it is not included as a testimonium. In studying these texts I have undertaken various new interpretations and assessments. Some I have published elsewhere; others appear here as commentary to the testimonium in question. A few others are apparent as they are employed in discussion. I note the existence of new interpretations here because they are points at which students may want to concentrate their critical energies. The numbers are as follows: 1, 5, 14, 21, 64, 65, 70-75, 81, 82, 84, 93, 104-111, 148, 176-185, 255-277,283,288-305,317, and 341-349. Detailed information concerning variety and density of laws, procedures, alternative procedures, modifications, and manoeuvres has continued to accumulate, thanks to major studies produced in this century. There is first the great compendium of Lipsius, whose good sense in evaluating literary sources continues in many cases to be paradigmatic. Other studies provide instruction concerning special topics, those by G. M. Calhoun, Gustav Colin, Hildebrecht Hommel, Robert Bonner and Gertrude Smith, Louis Gernet, H. T. Wade-Gery, Sterling Dow, Charles Hignett, A. R. W. Harrison, H. J. WolfF, Martin Ostwald, Eberhard Ruschenbusch, E. S. Staveley, D. M. MacDowell, John Triantaphyllopoulos, G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Anthony Andrewes, John Kroll, Peter Rhodes, Michael Gagarin, Raphael Sealey, Mogens Hansen, Mortimer H. Chambers, Ronald Stroud, Sally Humphreys, and Robert Wallace. The present essay differs from earlier studies in its systematic consideration of the material evidence and in the dates used as markers. Earlier studies had to be based almost exclusively on literary evidence because most of the relevant material evidence was lacking, and even until now most has been inaccessible to a wide public. Lipsius divided the history of Athenian lawcourt procedure roughly into that of the 5th and that of the 4th century. Hommel (1927, pp. 107-135) divided the history into three epochs (Haupkpocha), one beginning at a time he does not define and ending in 403/2, another lasting from 402 until 378/7, and a third, that of Aristotle, Ath. Pol. 63-69, beginning in 378/7 (following Keil 1902, p. 266) and ending in 322. Bonner and Smith (1928, pp. 372-374) reaffirm Hommel's scheme. Harrison himself (1971, pp. 239-241)) without committing to the whole scheme, accepts dates like 403/2 and 378/7 as marking important changes, while objecting properly to Isokrates 7.54 as establishing any real boundary. Bonner and Smith in addition cite 346 B.C.E. as approximately the time when the organization described by Aristotle came into being at Athens. MacDowell(1978, pp. 297-254) distinguishes some 5th- and 4th-century procedures. All these dates have their uses in discussions of Athenian constitutions, and yet a case can be made for citing other dates and for using them as signs along a continuous way rather than as beginnings and ends of eras or epochs. If an era can be said to have commenced, the time would have been when large panels ofjudges were instituted at Athens, whether it was Solon who was responsible, as Athenians of the 4th century B.C.E. and after believed, or someone later. The appointment of dikasts by lot, the use of the secret ballot, and payment for dikasts, all fundamentally important developments, came next, either all together or at least within a few years of each other. By mid-5th century B.c.E., that is, some time not long after Ephialtes' reforms in 462, these four features, k.,large judging panels, allotment of dikasts, pay for dikasts, and the secret ballot, were the bases of the Athenian popular court system.

PREFACE

ix

All other documented changes, whether they were new legislation or procedural modifications, are best regarded as ways to improve crowd control and to preserve the integrity of allotment procedures and the secret ballot. The foregoing general observations form, when taken all together, a guiding assumption in the essay on representative court days. Admittedly, one can compose an account of court procedure wherein the changes and modifications that seem most telling are pegged to major constitutional changes. The method is old and known and approved. In fact the year 410/9, because so many major innovations can be associated with programs following the reestablishment of the democracy, marks the end of one period and the beginning of another in the essay under consideration. But overall a somewhat looser structure, one where most changes can be regarded as the result of one man's or a committee's perception of need, may produce a better account ofwhat actually happened. It was not necessary for a whole constitution to be changed in order to modify operational procedures. Professor Sterling Dow, supervisor of my doctoral dissertation at Harvard University, started me on a study of the courts in 1955 by turning over to me three looseleaf notebooks full of analyses, queries, abstracts, hypotheses, and citations he had collected in some twenty years of study. During my student years and after at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Eugene Vanderpool and Homer Thompson instructed me in the study of monuments and sites, and Homer Thompson entrusted me with the present publication of dikastic material from the Agora Excavations. Margaret Crosby at the time of her death in 1972 had already collected, translated, and put in order with explanatory essays 325 literary and epigraphical testimonia, an essential labor, which I have supplemented by revising most of her texts and translations, adding testimonia, and rewriting or reworking essays. At the same time, Mabel Lang had already completed catalogues and introductory essays for pinakia, ballots, bronze balls, and klepsydra with an essay introducing the dikastic small finds generally. She also directed my attention to the lid of the echinos. For permission to publish this lid, I thank T. Leslie Shear,Jr., the Director of the Agora Excavations until 1994. My own contribution, besides work with the testimonia, has been to assemble putative court sites and court names, suggest which courts were in use at given times, and create a context for sites and objects by composing three schematic court days. I have also catalogued and discussed the echinos and the dikastic bronze tokens and edited the whole. In this last capacity, I welcome David Jordan's publication of an Athenian dikastic curse tablet, Rhys Townsend's description of building remains under the Stoa of Attalos, and John Camp's description of the peribolos in the southwest corner of the Agora. I gratefully acknowledge help in the preparation of this book from the following friends and colleagues, who have given me advice, learning, valuable observations, and criticism: Ernst Badian, Geoffrey Bakewell, Judith Binder, Nancy Bookidis, Dietrich von Bothmer, William M. Calder 111, Abigail Camp, John Camp, Mortimer H. Chambers, Guy Cooper, Margaret Crosby, Carolyn Dewald, William Bell Dinsmoor, Jr., Sterling Dow, Thomas Drew-Bear, Colin Edmonson, Charles Fornara, Alison Frantz, Virginia Grace, Christian Habicht, Mogens Hansen, Evelyn B. Harrison, Joanne Heffelfinger, R. Ross Holloway, George L. Huxley, Henry Immerwahr, John Keaney, Peter Kalligas, Fred Kleiner, David Konstan, John Kroll, Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Douglas MacDowell, Craig Mauzy, Fordyce Mitchel, Harry Pleket, W. Kendrick Pritchett, Kurt Raaflaub, Peter Rhodes, Susan Rotroff, Adele Scafuro, Raphael Sealey, T. Leslie Shear, Jr., Marian Hartman Shotwell, James Sickinger, Ronald Stroud, Richard Swartz, Lucy Talcott, Leslie Threatte, Gerald Toomer, Rhys Townsend, Homer A. Thompson, Wesley Thompson, Stephen Tracy, Eugene Vanderpool, Robert Vincent, Alan Walker, Charles K. Williams, 11, and William F. Wyatt, Jr. In addition I

X

PREFACE

thank Elli Mylonas, GwendolynJones, Thomas Pirrelli, Nancy Evans, Catherine Torigian, Frances Eisenhauer, Ruthann Whitten, and Walter Stevenson for help with preparation of the manuscript, and Paul Langrnuir for his drawing of Figure 1. Marian McAUister, Nancy Moore, Elizabeth Bobrick, and Kathleen Krattenmaker have each made superior editorial contributions at different stages of the work. I also record indebtedness to the George A. and Eliza Gardner Howard Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American School of Classical Studies, and Brown University for grants of time and money that enabled me to work in Athens. Mando Karamessini-Oikonomidou and Ioannis Touratsoglou of the Numismatic Museum of Greece, H.-D. Schultz of the Munzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Dominique Guerin of the Cabinet des Mtdailles, Bibliothhque Nationale, Anne Kromann of the Mont-Og Medaillesarnling, Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen, Martin Price of the Department of Coins and Medals, the British Museum, and Dr. Bernhard Overbeck of the Staatliche Miinzsammlung, Munich, were friendly and generous in their responses to my requests for casts and for information concerning tokens. A version of the chapter "Three Court Days" has had the benefit of informed discussion at a meeting of the Gesellschaft fiir griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte, held at Asilomar, California in September 1990. That version, which is without footnotes, appears as "Three Court Days" in Symtosion 1990. Krtriige zur griechZSch und hlhZSCisch Rechhgeschichte, Cologne/Weimar/Vienna 1991, pp. 165-1 82.

Providence, RI November 1994

TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTOF ILLUSTRATIO.................................................................. NS xiv

PART I . HISTORY AND ANALYSIS. by Alan L. BoegehoM .........................................1 ..................................................................3 1 . NOMENCLATURE ..............................................................3 COURTS HOMICIDE ............................................................... 3 COURTS POPULAR HELIAIA......................... ......................................... 5 ODEION..................................................................... 6 ................................................... 6 AND TRIGONON PARABYSTON . ..........................8 FHOINIKIOUN (RED)AND BATRACHIOUN (GREEN) COURTS ...................................................................... SUMMARY 9 ............................. 10 THATCANBE INTERPRETED AS LAWCOURTS 2. STRUCTURES .............................................................15 SQUARE PERISTYLE .................. 17 3. HELIASTIC COURTS BEFORE 462 B.C.E. ......................... ............................................................. 4. THREECOURT DAYS 21 460 TO CA. 410 B.C.E. ........................................................... 23 410-340B.C.E. ................................................................ 30 CA. 340--322 B.C.E. ............................................................. 36 AFTER322 B.C.E. .............................................................4 1 . ...........................43 5 . PROCEDURE, EQUIPMENT, AND SITES OF HOMICIDE COURTS ................................................................... 44 AREOPAGOS ....................................................................47 PALLADION .. DELPHINIO................................................................. N 48 F'HREATTO ....................................................................49 PRYTANEIO................................................................... N 50

..

..

.........................................51 PART I1. EQJJIPMENT. FURNISHINGS. AND BUILDINGS A. SMAL, L FINDS ASSOCIATED WITH TRIALS. by Mabel Lang .................................... 53 6. CURSE TABLET. by David R.Jordan ................................................. 55 ...................................................................56 CATALOGUE 7 . KLEROTERION. by Alan L. Boegehold .................................................58 .................................................................. - 5 8 CATALOGUE 8. PINAKIA. by Mabel Lung ...........................................................59 ..................................................................-61 CATALOGUE 9. BALLS.by Mabel Lang .............................................................65 ...................................................................66 CATALOGUE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

xii

1 0. BRONZE TOKENS. by Alan L Boegehold ............................................... 67 SERIESA-E...................................................................69 SERIES F-J ................................................................... -70 ................................................................- 7 1 CHRONOLOGY ................................................................. ..72 CATALOGUE 1 1 . I(LEPsYDRA.by MabelLang ........................................................7 7 .................................................................78 .. CATALOGUE 12. ECHINOS. by Alan L Boegehold ......................................................79 ...................................................................80 CATALOGUE 1 3. BALLOTS. by Mabel LMg ........................................................... 82 .................................................................87 .. CATALOGUE

B. COURT SITES.by Alan L Boegehold

.......................................................91

14. SQUARE PERIBOLOS. by JOhR McK Camp II ........................................... 99 ............................. ................................ 100 CHRONOLOGY .............................................................. 101 MODIFICATIONS ............................................... ..103 IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTIO N ................... 15. THESQUARE PERISTYLEAND ITSPREDECESSORS. by Rhys Townrend 104 BUILDING A ..................................................................104 BUILDING B .................................................................. 106 BUILDING C .................................................................. 106 .................................................................. BUILDING D 107 BUILDING E .................................................................. 108 SQUARE PERISTYL............................................................ E 108 ....................................................................110 FUNCTION

..

PART I11. TESTIMONIA. by Alan L Boegehold and Margaret Crosby

..............................117

TABLE OF CONTENTS

xiii

LIST O F ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT How the K v p 6 ~May Have Protected the Secret Ballot (Paul Langmuir) .................................29 . 31 Two Klepsydrai, One above the Other (Piet de Jong) ................................................. Kleroterion, Restored ............................................................................. -33 Curse Tablet ..................................................................................... .56 Square Peristyle, Seating Arrangement ..............................................................I12 FIGURES The Athenian Agora and Environs, First Half of the 4th Century B.C.E. The Athenian Agora, Mid4th Century B.C.E. The Athenian Agora ca. 300 B.C.E. Findspots of Dikastic Equipment in the Athenian Agora Square Peribolos (? Heliaia), Actual-state Plan (Incomplete) Square Peribolos (? Heliaia) a. Original Form b. Section and Elevation The Predecessors to the Square Peristyle, Buildings A-E, Actual-state Plan with Restorations The Predecessors to the Square Peristyle, Buildings A-E, Reconstructed Square Peristyle, Actual-state Plan with Restorations Square Peristyle, Reconstructed PLATES Poros Benches a. Eastern Slope of the Kolonos Agoraios, from the East b. Eastern Slope of the Kolonos Agoraios, from the South Terracotta Water Channels Enclosing the "Ballot Deposit" a. View from the East b. View from the South South Stoa I1 a. Northeast Corner Showing Reused Intercolumnar Step Blocks and Stylobate Blocks from the Square Peristyle b. Stylobate Block with Omicron on Face Letters in Step Blocks of Square Peristyle Reused in South Stoa I1 a. Zeta b. Eta c. Iota d. Kappa e. Mu f. Omicron g. Rho Dijon Cup, with Men Voting a. Side A b. Side B

LIST O F ILLUSTRATIONS Kleroteria a. K 1 b. Dow 1937, no. X Pinakia P 1-P 5, P 7-P 12 Pinakia P 13-P 24 Balls BB 1-BB 9, CB 1; Tokens T 1-T 7 Tokens T 8-T 19 TokensT 20-T31,B 1141 Tokens T 32-T 34, B 1 131, T 35-T 44 Klepsydra M 1 a. Models b. Drawing, M 1 Restored c. M 1 Echinos E 1 a. Fragment of Inscribed Lid b. Drawing (Alan Boegehold) Ballots B 1-B 7 Ballots B 8-B 11 Ballots B 12-B 14, B 17 Ballots B 15, B 16, B 18, B 19 Ballots B 20-B 27 Ballots B 28-B 36 Ballots B 37-B 45 Ballots B 46-B 54; Styli BI 658, BI 711 Cup by Douris, with x p l a i ~titrhwv

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVLATIONS SECONDARY SOURCES

ABV =J. D. Beazley, Attic Black-&re Vie-painters, Oxford 1956 Agora = The Athenian Agora, Results ofExcavations Conducted 6y the Anerican School of Classical Studies at Athms, Princeton I11 = R. E. Wycherley, Literary and Epz&aphical ZsCimonia, Princeton 1957 X = M. Crosby and M. Lang, Wehts, Measures and Zkar, Princeton 1964 XI1 = B. A. Sparkes and L. Talcott, B h k and Plain Pottoy of& 6th) 5th and 4th Centuries B.C., Princeton 1970 XIV = H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley, 7 h Agora oftlthms: The History, Shape and Uses ofan Anciat Cip Center, Princeton 1972 XV = B. D. Meritt and J. S. Traill, Inscriptions: The Athenian Councillors, Princeton 1974 XIX = G. V. Lalonde, M. K. Langdon, and M. B. Walbank, Insrriptions: Horoi, Poletai Recordr, Leases $Public Lanh, Princeton 1991 XXVI =J. H. Kroll, The Greek Coins, Princeton 1993 XXVII = R. F. Townsend, The E a t Side ofthe Agora: The Remains beneath the Stoa ofrlttalos, Princeton 1995 ARV' =J. D. Beazley, Attic Red-&re Vie-painters, 2nd ed., Oxford 1963 Audollent, A. 1904. "Defixionum tabellae quotquot innotuerunt tam in Graecis Orientis quam in totius Occidentis partibus praeter Atticas in corpore Inscriptionum Atticarum editas" (diss. UniversitC de Paris 1904) Boegehold, A. L. 1960. "Aristotle's Athenaion PoliteiQ65,2: The 'Official Token'," Hespenh. 29, pp. 393401 . 1963. "Toward a Study of Athenian Voting Procedure," Hespenh. 32, pp. 366-374 . 1967. "Philokleon's Court," Hesperia 36, pp. 111-120 . 1972. "The Establishment of a Central Archive at Athens," AJA 76, pp. 23-30 . 1974. "Ten Distinctive Ballots: The Law Court in Zea," Cal$rnia Studies in Classical Antzquip 9, pp. 7-19 . 1982. "A Lid with Dipinto," in Vanderpool Studies, pp. 1 6 . 1984. "Many Letters: Aristophanes Plutw 1 166-1 167," in Dow Studies, pp. 23-29 Bonner, R., and G. Smith. 1930. The Administration OfJmticefrom Homer to Aristotle I, Chicago . 1938, The Administration ofJwticefrom Homer to Aristotle 11, Chicago Beuli:, C. E. 1858. Monnaies d'Athths, Paris Busolt, G., and H. Swoboda. 1920. Griechische Staatskunde I, Munich . 1926. Cmchische Staatskunde 11, Munich Calhoun, G. M. 1919. "Oral and Written Pleading in Athenian Courts," TAPA 50, pp. 177-193 Camp, J. McK., 11. 1986. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart ofChszkalAthms, London Chambers, M. H. 1990. Aristobles. Shut der Ahnm, Berlin Chantraine, P. 1968. Dictwnnaire t!pmologique, Paris Colin, G. 1917. "Les sept derniers chapitres de 1' 'ABqvalov n o h i ~ ~(Organisation ia des tribunaux, a Athenes, dans la seconde moitii: du IVe siecle)," REG 30, pp. 20-87 Cohen, E. E. 1993. Ancient Athenian Maritime Courts, Princeton Crosby, M. 1951. "The Poros Building," in Young 1951, pp. 168-1 87 Crux = Crux: Essays Presented to G. E. M. ak Ste. Crok on his Sevm&-jii Birthday, P. A. Cartledge and F. D. Harvey, eds., Exeter 1985 Daremberg-Saglio = htwnnaire des antiquigs, Paris n.d. Davies, J. K. 197 1. A h i a n Propertied Families: 600-300 B.C., Oxford Dontas, G. 1983. "The True Aglaurion," Hesperia 52, pp. 4 8 6 3 Dover, K. J. 1950. "The Chronology of Antiphon's Speeches," CQ 44, pp. 44-60 Dow, S. 1937. Prytamis: A Study ofhe InsMiphns Honoring the A h i u n Councillors (Hesperia Supplement l), Athens . 1939. "Aristotle, the Kleroteria and the Courts," HSCP 50, pp. 1-34 . 1963. "Dikasts' Bronze Pinakia," BCH 87, pp. 653487

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