The Athenian Agora : results of excavations conducted by the American School of classical studies at Athen Vol 29,1 Hellenistic pottery, pt. 1: text : Athenian and imported wheelmade tabel ware and related material 9780876612293, 087661229X

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Hellenistic Pottery Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material. Part 1: Text Susan I. Rotroff

The Athenian Agora, Vol. 29, Hellenistic Pottery Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material. Part 1: Text. (1997), pp. iii-v+vii-ix+xi-xv+xvii-xxxviii+1+3-79+81+83-217+219+221-237+239-427+429+431-473+475+477-487+ Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1558-8610%281997%2929%3Ciii%3AHPAAIW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K The Athenian Agora is currently published by American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

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T H E ATHENIAN AGORA

RESULTS O F EXCAVATIONS

C O N D U C T E D BY

T H E A M E R I C A N S C H O O L O F CLASSICAL S T U D I E S A T A T H E N S

VOLUME XXIX

HELLENISTIC POTTERY

ATHENIAN AND IMPORTED

WHEELMADE TABLE WARE

AND RELATED MATERIAL

PART 1: TEXT BY

SUSAN I. ROTROFF

T H E A M E R I C A N S C H O O L O F CLASSICAL S T U D I E S A T A T H E N S

P R I N C E T O N , NEW JERSEY

1997

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Rotroff,Susan I., 1947Hellenistic pottery : Athenian and imported wheelmade table ware and related material / by Susan I. Rotroff cm. - (Athenian Agora ; v. 29)

p. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents: pt. 1. Text -pt. 2. Illustrations

ISBN 0-87661-229-X (alk,paper)

1. Pottery, Hellenistic-Expertising-Greece-Athens. 2. Pottery, HellenisticCatalogs. 3. Agora (Athens, Greece) I. Title. 11. Series. NK3840.R68 1997 96-47458 738'.0938-dc2 1 CIP

@ American School of Classical Studies at Athens 1997 TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE

6-8

CHARLTON STREET, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

PLATES BY HULL PRINTING, MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY PRINCETON ACADEMIC PRESS, LAWRENCEVILLE, NEW JERSEY

FOR BOB

PREFACE

T

HE HELLENISTIC POTTERY of the Agora has been the organizing principle of my life for the past twenty years, and its study has been an education for me. I would like to thank Homer A. Thompson and T Leslie Shear Jr. for entrusting such important material to me for publication; they did this when I was at a very early stage in my career, and it was an act of faith and a vote of confidence for which I am very grateful. I owe thanks as well to the many Greek colleagues in the Archaeological Service who have supported my work and particularly to Maro Tsoni-Kyrkou, who held direct responsibility for the Agora during many of the years when this work was in progress. Successive secretaries of the Agora Excavations, Lucy Krystallis, Helen Townsend, Margot Camp, and Jan Jordan, arranged for access to the pottery, fielded requests for photography, and provided good conversation at the quiet teas of mid-winter. Steven Koob, Alice Paterakis, and Olympia Theophanopoulou of the conservation staff cleaned, repaired, and reconstructed many of the pots. The guards of the excavation helped willingly with the time-consuming process of retrieval and storage. The illustrations of an archaeological publication are as important as the text, and I have had an army of helpers in the preparation of the photographs and drawings published in this volume. Many of the photographs come from the Agora archive: the photographers known to me are Alison Frantz, Eugene Vanderpool Jr., Robert K. Vincent Jr., and Craig and Marie Mauzy; the printing is the work of Kyriaki Moustaki. I am particularly indebted to Craig for rephotographing hundreds of pieces with remarkably good cheer and for always managing to produce the crucial photograph in the nick of time (as well as for fixing the bathroom, rewiring broken lamps, repairing my water heater, and doing any number of mundane tasks that made my work infinitely easier). The plan of the Agora was drawn by Richard Anderson, who has a remarkable tolerance for research into the excavation trivia of yesteryear. The rest of the drawings were made by a variety of artists and draftspeople who have worked at the Agora during the last sixty years. Many of them I have never met, but I owe thanks to them all. Some are identified only by initials in the Agora records, and tracking down their identities has constituted a small research project in itself. The first, and master of them all, was Piet de Jong, who in 1932 or 1933 did drawings of several Hellenistic pots for Homer Thompson's 1934 article, as well as several fine watercolors. Other artists include Rhoda Herz (1952), Marian Welker (1948, 1955 or 1956), M. R. Jones (1958), Iro Athanassiadou (1959, 1963), Nina Travlou (1960- 1962), Aliki Halepa Bikaki (196 l), C. Polycarpou (1 962), Helen Besi (1 972-1 973), Chris Pfaff (1 979), Helen Townsend (1980), Elizabeth Safran (1983), Lynn A. Grant (1980-1 982), Tina Najbjerg (1989-1 99 l), Elizabeth Langridge (1990-1 99 l), and Sylvie Dumont (1992). Much of the inking and some of the drawing is the work of the author. Because the illustrations were drawn by many hands over many years, they are not uniform in style or conventions. Although the majority were drawn with the cross section on the right, whole series of illustrations were done in reverse, with the cross section on the left. Often these have been reinked or mechanically reversed, but when such a drawing includes surface decoration I

viii

PREFACE

have had to settle for the reversed profle. There have also been instances where the original inking was so superior that it seemed a shame to suppress it in favor of uniformity. Many colleagues provided insights and information that helped me with the work. At the head of the list is Virginia Grace, the source of most of my information on transport amphoras and their stamps. She was always extraordinarily generous with her time, expertise, and advice, not to mention her hospitality. I learned much from her at the Agora, and her famous Sunday lunches provided many opportunities for more general discussion (the idea of Appendix I11 originated at one of those lunches). Also of crucial importance is the contribution of John Kroll, who identified the coins and provided dates well in advance of the publication of his Agora volume. Fred Kleiner and Alan Walker, during their time as Agora numismatists, also assisted me with numismatic matters. Others who have lent their help, knowledge, and support are Virginia Anderson-StojanoviC, Michel Bats, Judith Binder, Nicholas Cahill, John Camp, Stella Drougou, Charles Edwards, Richard Green, John Hayes, Caroline Houser, David Jordan, Carolyn Koehler, Kathleen Slane, Rhys Townsend, Malcolm Wallace, and Frederick Winter. Access to pottery from other collections has been facilitated by Crawford Greenewalt Jr. (Sardis), James McCredie (Samothrace), Klaus Nohlen (Pergamon),Wolf Rudolph (Halies), Klaus Tuchelt and Ulrike Wintermeyer (Didyma),Hermann Vetters (Ephesos), Charles K. Williams I1 (Corinth), and Hector Williams (Mytilene). I would like in particular to thank Ursula Knigge, Director of the Kerameikos Excavations, for the opportunity to examine the unpublished material from Building Z and to refer to that material in this publication. And very special gratitude is reserved for Roger Edwards, who read the manuscript with exceptional care and offered corrections, additions, and suggestions that have very much improved the finished product; may every writer and scholar have as honest, wise, and generous a counselor. The logistics of publishing a book of this size and complexity are daunting, and those who struggled with them deserve a hearty vote of thanks. I am grateful to members of the publication staff of the American School, past and present, who have contributed their knowledge and talents to the project: Kerri Cox, Sarah George Figueira, Carol Ford, Marian McAllister, Nancy Moore, Susan Potavin, and especially my editor, Kathleen Krattenmaker, with whom I enjoyed playing e-mail ping-pong as we raced to meet deadlines. Financial support for my research has come from many sources. A major grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada funded several summers of work in Athens and provided the luxury of a research assistant. Awards from the City University of New York also supported summer research, and grants from the Archaeological Institute of America and the American Council of Learned Societies funded a year of work in Athens. A fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung gave me a year in Germany, with access to excellent library facilities; I am particularly grateful to my sponsor, Ulrich Hausmann, and to Bettina von Freytag-Loringhoff, who, as advisers, colleagues, and friends, made that year a remarkably pleasant and productive one. The support that has made the most difference, though, and has allowed me to finish this book much more quickly than I had hoped, is that of the John D. and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation. I cannot imagine why Ken Hope and his colleagues did such a strange and wonderful thing as to award me a MacArthur Prize; it is a miracle for which I can never express my thanks adequately. Certain people deserve special mention for having provided companionship and support that go beyond casual friendship. I thank Lynn Grant for always seeing the funny side of Hellenistic pots; Jan and David Jordan for travel adventures and long evenings of wine and conversation;

PREFACE

ix

Evelyn Smithson, whom I miss very much, for her unique view of the world and the Agora; Maggie Rothman for (among other things) our ladies' lunches; and Nancy Moore for listening, over and over again, to my compulsive worries about almost every aspect of the project. The prize for patience, however, goes to my husband, Bob Lamberton. He has been willing to fall in with my travel plans, spending much more time than was agreeable to him, or advisable, with me in Greece, I fear to the detriment of his own career. The dedication of this volume to him is inadequate thanks for the gift of his presence in my life.

St. Louis, Missouri December 1996

CONTENTS

PREFACE....................... . ..................................................... Vii

xii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

...

xlu

8. VESSELS FOR OIL ............................................................ 169

. ........................................................... 169

LEKYTHOS DUCKA s ~ o s.......................................................... 171

ARV~ALLOS........................................................... 171

G m s .............................................................. 172

LIDDED G u m s ....................................................... 174

PLASTIC A s ~ o s........................................................ 175

UNGUENTARI.......................................................

UM 175

................................................ 198

1 1. VESSELS FOR OTHERPURPOSES MEDICINE BOTTLE........................................................ 198

INKWELL ................................................................. 199

. ...................... . ................................... 199

ECHINUS . ............................ 199

ANGULAR . . CONCAVE wrm CONCAVE TOP .......................................... 200



CONCAVE WITH CONVEX TOP ........................................... 200 DOMED............................................................... 200

............................................................ SPHERICAL

200

LID ..................................................................... 200

..................................... UNIDENTIFIED VESSELS AND FRAGMENTS

201

.............................................................. 203

MINIATURES ............................a

12. VOTIVES AND OTHERVESSELS FOR RELIGIOUS USE .............................. 204

LARGE RITUAL VESSEL.S...................................................204

....................................................... LOUTROPHOROS

204

..............................................................204

&ON PHIALE............................................................... 206

SMALL RITUALVESSELS . .................... .... . ........................ 206

........................................ 207

BLACK-GLAZED VOTIVESKYPHOS MINIATURE VOTIVES...................................................

208

THYMIATERION .............................. . ...........................

210

VESSELS FROM RITUAL PYRES ............................................... 212



. ........................................................214

PYRE LEKANIS RIBBON-HANDLED

PLATE............................................... 214

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A~PENDIX 11: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BLACK-GLAZED HELLENISTIC CANTEENS. by R

. E.Jones . . 489

CONCORDANCES ........................................ 519

AGORA EXCAVATIONS INVENTORY NUMBERS ....................................................549

KNIDIAN TYPE(KT) NUMBERS COINS............................. . ........................................... 550

ILLUSTRATIONS

ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

.................................................................................. ...........................................................

1. Charm necklace 60

2 . Reconstruction of moldmade kantharos 141

3. Skylla (1652) .................................................................................... 408

GRAPHS 1. 2 3 4

............................................... 478

................................................... 479

..................................................... 480

...................................................481

............................................................ 482

............................................ 483

..............................................484

.......................................................................485

.......................................................486

.............................................................487

Survival of motifs from gold-decorated to West Slope Chronology of some common West Slope motifs Chronology of drinking cups: Classical shapes Chronology of drinking cups: Hellenistic shapes Chronology of shapes for serving wine Chronology of plates. bowls. small bowls. and saltcellars Chronology of vessels for oil and other pouring vessels 8. Chronology of toilet vessels 9. Chronology of vessels for religious purposes 10. Chronological distribution of imports

. . . 5. 6. 7.

See Part 2$r Plan. Fkres. and Plates

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

Abadie, C., and T. Spyropoulos. 1985. "Fouilles i Htlleniko (Eua de ThyrCatide)," BCH 109, pp. 385-454 Adams, W. Y, and E. W. Adams. 1991. Archmological qpology and Practical Reality: A Dialectical Approach to Arhzact Clasn$aton and Sorting, Cambridge/New York/Port Chester/Melbourne/Sydney Adriani, A. 1936. La dcropole de Momtufa Pacha (AnnMusGRAh, 1933/34-1934/35 [1936]) . 1939. "Rhyta,"BSRAA 33, n.s. 10:2, pp. 350-362 . 1940. "Fouilles et dtcouvertes," AnnMusGRAlex, 1935-1939 [1940], pp. 15-1 63 . 1952a. "Nouvelles dtcouvertes dans la ntcropole de Hadra," AnnMmGRAlex, 1940-1 950 [1952], pp. 1-27 . 195213. "Travaux de fouilles et de restaurations dans la rtgion d'Abousir (Martotis)," AnnMusGRAlex, 19401950 [1952], pp. 129-159 . 1963-1966. Reperbrio dJa& &llJEgittogreco-romano, Series C, Palermo . 1966. "Un motivo 'theocriteo' in un vaso Alessandrino," in Mklanges of& d Kazimierr Michulowski, M. L. Bernhard, ed., Warsaw, pp. 3 1-34 Agora = Ihe Athian Agora: Results of ExGavations Conduckd by *an School of ClasJical Studies at A h I11 = R. E. Wycherley, Literary and Epigraphical Zstimonia, Princeton 1957 IV = R. H. Howland, Greek Lamps and 7 b i r Survivals, Princeton 1958 V = H. S. Robinson, Pottery ofby Roman Period: Chronology, Princeton 1959 VI = C. Grandjouan, Terracoth and Plastic Lamp ofthe Roman Period, Princeton 1961 VII =J. Perlzweig, Lumps ofthe Roman Period: First to Seventh Century after Christ, Princeton 1961 VIII = E. T. H. Brann, Late Geometric and Protoattic Pottery: Mid 8th to Late 7th Century B.C., Princeton 1962 X = M. Lang and M. Crosby, Web, Measures and ?&n.s, Princeton 1964 XI1 = B. A. Sparkes and L. Talcott, Black and Plain Pottery ofthe 6th 5th and 4th Centuries B.C., Princeton 1970 XI11 = S. A. Immerwahr, IheNeolithic and Bronze Ages, Princeton 1971 XIV = H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley, The Agora $Athem: Th Hbtory, Shape and Uses ofan Ancient City Cmter, Princeton 1972 XIX = G. V Lalonde, M. K. Langdon, and M. B. Walbank, Inscn)tions: Horoi, Poletui Records, Leases ofhblu Landr, Princeton 1991 XXI = M. Lang, Graj?ti andDipinti, Princeton 1976 XXII = S. I. Rotroff, Hellenistic Pot@: Athenian and Imported Moldmade Bowls, Princeton 1982 XXIII = M. B. Moore and M. Z. F! Philippides, Attic Black-Figured Pottery, Princeton 1986 XXV = M. Lang, Ostraka, Athens 1990 XXVI =J. H. Kroll, with contributions by A. S. Walker, Ihe Greek Coins, Princeton 1993 XXVII = R. E Townsend, lhEast Side ofby Agora: Ihe Remainr beneath the Stoa ofAttulos, Princeton 1995 XXVII = A. L. Boegehold, Ihe Lawcourts at A h : Sites, Buildings, Equipment, Rocedure, and Zstimonia, Princeton 1995 XXX = M. B. Moore, Attic Red-Fbred and White-Ground Pottery, Princeton, forthcoming Ai'Khanoum I = Fouilles d'Ai'llhanoum I (Campap 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968) (Mhires de la dikgation archLologtquejangaise en Afghanistun 21), R Bernard, ed., Paris 1973 ayy~i~ an6 v T ~ IIiMa, V Thessaloniki Akamatis, I. M. 1985. nTjhiv&