Peregrinatio in terram sanctam: Eine Pilgerreise ins Heilige Land. Frühneuhochdeutscher Text und Übersetzung 9783110215816, 9783110209518

The incunabulum Peregrinatio in terram sanctam by Bernhard von Breydenbach, which appeared in 1486, is the first printed

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Peregrinatio in terram sanctam: Eine Pilgerreise ins Heilige Land. Frühneuhochdeutscher Text und Übersetzung
 9783110215816, 9783110209518

Table of contents :
Frontmatter
Inhalt
Übertragung und Übersetzung der Peregrination in terram sanctam
Übertragung und Übersetzung der Peregrination in terram sanctam
Backmatter

Citation preview

Bernhard von Breydenbach: Peregrinatio in terram sanctam

Bernhard von Breydenbach: Peregrinatio in terram sanctam Eine Pilgerrreise ins Heilige Land Frühneuhochdeutscher Text und Übersetzung

Herausgegeben von

Isolde Mozer

De Gruyter

ISBN 978-3-11-020951-8 e-ISBN 978-3-11-021581-6 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. 쑔 2010 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York Druck: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ⬁ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com

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