Figured Monuments from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa 9780860540502, 9781407348568

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
Map
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I DEITIES AND MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
CHAPTER II STATUES OF EMPERORS AND SOLDIERS
CHAPTER III ANTHROPOMORPHIC AND ZOOMORPHIC FIGURES
CHAPTER IV ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURES
CHAPTER V FUNERARY MONUMENTS
CHAPTER VI UNIDENTIFIED OR LOST PIECES
NOTES TO CHAPTERS I-VI
ABBREVIATIONS
CATALOGUE GRAECO-ROMAN DEITIES
ADDENDA
UNIDENTIFIED OR LOST PIECES
INDICES
PLATES

Citation preview

Figured Monuments from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa Dorin Alicu, Constantin Pop and Volker Wollmann

translated from the Romanian by Nubar Hampartumian

Sarmizegetusa Monogr aph 2 BAR International Series SS 1 979

B.A.R.,

B.A.R.

122

Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7BP, England

GENERAL EDITORS A. R. Hands , B.Sc., �I.A., D.Phil. D. R. Walker, M.A.

B. A. R. International Series 55, 1979: "Figured monuments from Ulpia Traiana, Sarmizegetusa" © Dorin Alicu, Constantin Pop, Volker Wollmann, 1979 SARMIZEGETUSA MONOGRAPHS Sarmizegetusa Monograph 1: B.A.R.-S18, 1977: ''Roman Lamps from Sarmizegetusa" by Dorin Alicu and Emil Neme�

The authors’ moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780860540502 paperback ISBN 9781407348568 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860540502 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

CONTE NTS

Page PREFACE

b y Professor H . Da icov ic iu

I NTRODUCT ION N otes t o I n troduction CHAPTER

I :

8

De it ies a nd My tho log ica l Characters

1 1

CHAPTER I :

S tatues o f Emperors a nd S o ld iers

2 4

CHAPTER I I :

An thropo morph ic a nd Z oo morph ic F igures

2 6

CHAPTER I V :

Arch itectura l S cu lptures

2 9

CHAPTER

Funerary Monu ments

3 3

Un ident if ied o r L ost p ieces

4 3

V :

CHAPTER V I :

N otes t o Chap ters

4 5

Abbrev ia t ions

6 0

CA TA LOGUE Addenda t o Ca ta logue Un ident if ied o r L ost P ieces

6 7 1 84 1 86

I ND ICES 1 .

Anc ien t Proper Na mes

1 99

2 .

Emperors

2 02

3 .

De it ies

2 02

4 .

L oca l it ies

2 05

5 .

G eograph ica l F ea tures

2 08

6 .

P rov inces

2 08

7 .

Au thors, Excava tors, Co l lectors

2 09

PLATES I -C LXV I

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PREFACE

Ag roup o f y oung s cho lars f ro m C lu j p resen t i n t h is v o lu me a c a talogue o f t he f i gured monumen ts f ound i n t he c ap ita l o f Ro man Dac ia , Co Ion ia U lp ia Tra iana Augusta D ac ica S ar m izege tusa.

T h is i s t he s econd work ,

af ter

Ro man L a mps f ro m S ar m izegetusa , BAR S18 ( 1976 ), b y D . A l icu a nd E . N e me§ , wh ich p u ts a t t he d isposal o f s pec ial ists a who le c a tegory o f ma ter ia l f ound b y c hance o r i n t he c ourse o f s yste ma t ic e xcava t ions c arr ied o u t i n t he c ap ita l o f Ro man Dac ia.

On t h is o ccas ion D . A l icu , o ne o f t he a u thors o f t he

f i rst w ork , c o l laborates w ith C . P op a nd V . Wo l l mann . T he t ask o f w r it ing t he c a ta logue o f f i gured monu men ts f ro m S ar m izege tusa w as v ery d if f icu l t .

On ly a f ter s everal c en tur ies d id t he f or mer c ap ital o f t he

p rov ince o f Dac ia a ttract t he a t ten t ion o f med ieva l s cho lars a nd t he s cu lptura l a nd e p igraph ica l r e ma in s b egan t o a ppear i n v ar ious p r ivate c o l lect ions. Many o ft hese b eca me s ca ttered i n t he c ourse o f c en tur ies, a nd c onsequen t ly p ieces w h ich w ere f or merly t oge ther i n t he s a me p lace a re n ow d istr ibu ted among t wo o r t hree museums o r e lsewhere.

Ow ing t o t h is, e ar l ier s pec ia l-

i sed b ibl iograph ies c anno t f or m a r el iable g u ide f or t he modern r esearch ; s o me o ft he p ieces a re p ubl ished t w ice o r e ven t hree t imes, a nd t h is c anno t a lways b e d iscerned f ro m t he r espect ive d escr ip t ions.

I tw il l b e u nderstood

t hat t he a u thors o f t h is c a ta logue n eeded much p a t ience t o c lar ify t h is t ype o f c on fus ing s i tua t ion . T he a u thors r ecogn ise t hat t he ir work c anno t b e e xhaust ive i n t he s tr ictest s ense, b u t t hey c onsider t hat t he p resen t c a ta logue wh ich i nc ludes 5 51 s ecure ly i den t if ied i t e ms a nd a no ther 1 08 wh ich a re l ost o r u n iden t if ied , i ncluded o n t he b as is o f e arl ier r eferences o r t he i nven tor ies o f museu ms, a pproaches c o mp le teness.

We h ope t hat t he s k il l a nd g oodw il l o f o ur c o l leagues w il l f i l l i n

s o me o ft he g aps. The ma jor l oss f or s cho lars a nd f or a rchaeo logy d oes n ot l i e i n t he f i gured monumen ts w h ich were s een a nd d escr ibed b efore t hey d isappeared ( and h ave b een om i t ted f rom t he p resen t c a ta logue ), b u t c ons ists o f t he h undreds o r e ven t housands o f monumen ts f ro m S ar m izegetusa w h ich h ave b een h idden f rom v iew f or many c en tur ies b ecause t hey h ave b een r e-used i n t he w al ls o f l a ter e d if ices o r b urned i n l ime-k ilns.

The l oss o f s uch a l arge n u mber o f impor t-

a n t p ieces p laces a n i ncreased v alue o n t hose w h ich h ave s urv ived o r w il l b e f ound i nt he f uture.

The c a talogue o f D . A l icu , C . P op a nd V . Wo l l mann

s ee ms t o me t o emphas ise t h is l oss. Cer ta in ly t he c atalogue i s r ich i n i mpor tan t p ieces.

I f w e t ake i n to a ccoun t

t he u n favourable c ircu mstances men t ioned a bove, t hen i ti s c lear t hat f or a lmost t wo c en tur ies S ar m izege tusa e n joyed t ru ly Ro man l i fe wh ich w as more v igorous t han t hat i n o ther c en tres i n Dac ia , al i fe wor thy o f ac ap ital .

The p resen t work c ons ists o f a n i n troduct ion w h ich b r ief ly o u t l ines t he h istory o f r esearch a nd d iscover ies a t S ar m izegetusa a nd d e monstrates t he e x istance o f s o me l ocal s cu lptors

workshops, s ix c hap ters d ea l ing w i th t he

f eatures o f d if feren t c ategor ies o f monumen t , t he c ata logue a nd i nd ices.

T he

w ork i s w e l l a nd a ccurately i l lustrated . Iw as i n ap os it ion t o f o l low t he e f for ts o f t he t hree a u thors a nd s o met i mes t o h elp t he m i n p erfor m ing t he ir d if f icu l t t ask .

F or t h is r eason Ic ons ider t hat

Ih ave t he r igh t a nd a t t he s a me t ime t he o bl iga t ion t o t hank t he m f or t he r esu l t o f t he ir work , a nd Id are t o h ope t hat t hose w ho w il l r ead t h is c ata logue w il l a gree a s t o i t s v alue. Hadr ian D a icov ic iu

INTRODUCTION Ulpia Traiana has been located at the modern village of Gradi�te (Var­ hely), present-day Sarmizegetusa, by the scholar Johannes Mezerzius, canon at Alba Iulia1 at the end of the 15 th century. It is mentioned later in the works of scholars who copied, transcribed and sometimes falsified inscriptions coming from the area of the ancient city. 2 Until the end of the 1 7th century, scholars-with the exception of the annalist Stephanus Zamosius (1565 - 16 12)3 -dealt especially with inscriptions and less with the sculptural and architectural monuments and the problems of urbanism in Sarmizegetusa. First, the Italian A. F. Marsigli (1658 -1 73 0), from Bologna, 4 studied the sculptural monuments of Sarmizegetusa and its neighbourhood; he drew pictures and a plan of the ancient town on the occasion of a journey to Trans­ ylvania. The work by an Austrian, Major S. J. Hohenhausen, Die Alterthttmer Daciens in dem heutigen Siebenbttrgen, printed at Vienna in 1 775 , gives impor­ tant information concerning some works of art, finds and buildings which could still be seen at Sarmizegetusa at the end of the 18 th century. In 1832, the writer, archaeologist and collector M. J. Ackner (1 78 21 8 62) of Sibiu, came to Sarmizegetusa purposely to see the polychrome mosaics found there. 5 On this occasion he found and drew a new mosaic. 6 On the oc­ casion of a second visit to Ulpia Traiana in 18 47, J. Ackner accompanied by J. F. Neigebaur and Dr. A. Fodor, a collector from Deva, noticed that the mosaics had been destroyed and the amphitheatre was severely damaged. 7 In addition to the older aristocratic collections at Zam, Farcadin, S1n­ tam�ria Orlea and Pa'.cli�a, new collections including material from Sarmizege­ tusa were formed at the beginning of the 1 9th century at the Protestant College at Aiud, the Bishopric of Lugoj and in the private collection of J. Kemeny, Nopcsa, A. Varady, Dr. A. Fodor and M. J. Ackner;8 some pieces were taken to Avrig, Sighi�oara and elsewhere. J. F. Neigebaur, who had seen these collections, described them together with other pieces from Sarmizege­ tusa (previously published in other works) in his catalogue. 9 �t. Moldovan (18 13 -1900), priest at Haleg and afterwards of the Romanian Bishopric at Lugof O made important contributions to our knowledge of the antiquities of Tara Hategului and in the area of Sarmizegetusa. He published several articles, Annotatiuni despre rara Hayegului in the journals Foaie pentru minte, inima si literatur�, Brasov, nos. 34-36 , 38 -40, 42 and ; I published in 1853; the fullest references to the monuments of Ulpia Traiana are published in no. 35 . Numerous remains described or drawn by these scholars have disappeared during the various troubled events which have taken place in Transylvania over 1

the years. Even before the 1 3th century, the local inhabitants used large quan­ tities of stones from the ancient town for new buildings. The churches at Densu§, S'fnpetru, Strei, Tu9tea and so on incorporate altars, architectural fragments, Roman bricks etc. There are a lot of literary references to the deliberate destruction of the marble monuments to produce the lime needed for modern constructions. 11 Several pieces, especially statues and inscriptions, were carried great distances to adorn the palaces and castles of nobles and princes . 1 2 With the creation of the '!J-Iunedoara Historical and Archaeological Soci­ ety" (the founding society of the Archaeological Museum at Deva), the gradual but continuous destruction of the ancient town was slowed down. Systematic but not very scientific excavations are carried out at Sarmizegetusa between 1881 and 1893. 1 3 After 1893, the excavations were sporadic but activity in the collection of antiquities continued. B. Jino, teacher in the Lycee at Or�?tie, deserves credit for his activity in this field; he is the founder of the collection of Roman antiquities from Sarmizegetusa at the aforementioned school. 1 4 Unfortunately, the Historical Society published very little of its extensive archaeological activity. The year-book of the Society gives annual information about the excavations carried out at Sarmizegetusa, but it is very difficult to locate the old excavations and the find-spots of a lot of sculptural monuments, because the information is not sufficiently detailed. C. Daicoviciu 15 first lo­ cated the old excavations on the basis of the brief information given in the liter­ ature. A precise location and more accurate planning of the old excavated monuments, and the study of different phases of building, will be possible only if the old excavations are investigated anew. The archaeologists of the 1 9th century showed little interest in the archi­ tectural monuments, sections and plans; they were more concerned with the publication of important pieces found or acquired by the Historical and Archae­ ological Society at Deva. Many of these pieces are lost; for this reason, they are presented here without illustrations, but only briefly and sometimes accom­ panied by a drawing based on earlier sketches or photographs. After 1921 , Sarmizegetusa attracted the attention of the Commission for the Historical Monuments of Transylvania, which together with the Deva Museum began a new initiative to rescue the monuments of the province. 16 Next, we should mention Al. Barcacila of Turnu Severin who saw, res­ cued and published some monuments of Ulpia 1 7 on the occasion of his visit to Transylvania in the 1920s. The scientific investigation of the capital of Roman Dacia began in 1 924; it was carried out by C. Daicoviciu in collaboration with O. Floca.18 After a break caused by the Second World War, the excavations started again in 1 973, under the direction of H. Daicoviciu. The Archaeological Museum at Sarmizegetusa, founded by C. Daicoviciu in 1924, displays the finds from the excavations •19

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The l arge n u mber o f monu men ts o f s tone f ound i n t he c ap ita l o f Ro man Dacia a t test t he e x istence o f s cu lp tors ' workshops.

There a re a lso o ther

p ieces o f e v idence f or t he e x is tence o f s uch l ap idar i i. The a rchaeo log ica l e xcava t ions 2 ° c arr ied o u t i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia i n t he s ou thern p ar t o f t he c ity h ave b rough t t o l i gh t as quare s tone p la tfor m 3 m s quare w i th a s tep measur ing lxl m o n t he e astern s ide. The p la tfor m c ons isted o f t wo o r t hree r ows o f r ock a nd r iver s tones h e ld t ogether b y mor tar.

Ap i t a pprox i-

ma tely 1 m i n d ia me ter a nd 0 .4 m d eep was s i tua ted i n t he c en tre o f t he p la tf or m .

Al arge q uan t ity o f marble c h ipp ings o f v ar ious s izes were f ound o n

a nd r ound t he p la tfor m .

The f ind ing o f t h is l arge q uan t ity o f waste, wh ich

n or ma l ly r esu l ts f ro m t he c u t t ing o f s tone , a l low u s t o s uggest t ha t a n a nc ien t s cu lp tor 's workshop e x isted t here. 2 1 We c on s ider t ha t t he p it i n t he m idd le o f t he p la tfor m , i n wh ich n e i ther c h ipp ings n or o ther a nc ien t ma ter ia l were f ound , o r ig ina l ly h eld a wooden b ase o n wh ich was p laced t he ma ter ia l f ro m wh ich t he s cu lp ture was t o b e c arved .

The workshop p robab ly was i n a n o pen

s pace o r w ith wooden wa l ls , a l though t here w ere n o t races o f p osts o u tside t he p la tfor m. A t f i rst s igh t , t he e x istence o f as cu lp tor 's w orkshop i n t he t e mp le e nc losure s ee ms s trange. The sma l l s ize a nd t he l oca t ion o f t he workshop i nd ic a te t ha t i to n ly s upp l ied r i tua l n eeds a nd was p erhaps a lso emp loyed f or t he ma in tenance o f t e mp les a nd p robably f i l led t he o rders o f g ra tefu l s upp l ican ts. Th is workshop was c er ta inly n o t u n ique a t S ar m izege tusa .

The l arge

n u mber o f s cu lp tures , i nscr ip t ions a nd a rch itectura l f rag men ts t here i nd ica te t he e x is tence o f s evera l s cu lp tors ' workshops a nd e ven t he a ct iv i ty o f al oca l s choo l o f s cu lp ture w i th a c haracter ist ic s ty le. F or i ns tance , we may n o te t he s even u n inscr ibed monu men ts ( one s te le , o ne c ippus , f our a l tars, o ne o f wh ich was f ound i n 1 977 , a nd o ne f i gured s lab

2 2

wh ich c ame e i ther f ro m U lp ia Tra iana S ar m izegetusa o r f ro m s o me l oca l ity s uch a s S t r i ta rnär iä Or lea ( f ro m wh ich t he monu men ts h ave b een r e turned t o S ar m izegetusa a nd e xh ib i ted i n t he l oca l museu m ) s i tua ted i n t he c oun trys ide a round t he c i ty .

These c er ta in ly a lso c a me f ro m S ar m izegetusa , d esp ite t he

f act t ha t t hey were c arr ied t o s o me d istance f ro m t he Ro man t own i n t he c ourse o f l a ter c en tur ies. The s even u n inscr ibed monumen ts men t ioned a bove b elong t o t he c a tegory o f p ieces wh ich w ere p repared f or s a le , a s i s s hown b y t he b lank s paces i n t he f i e lds o f t he i nscr ip t ions.

These s paces w ere i n tended t o b e f i l led w ith

i nscr ip t ion s t o o rder , b u t f or s o me r eason w ere n ever i nscr ibed .

U n t il n ow ,

t he e x istence o f t hese s cu lp tors ' workshops i n t he c ap i ta l o f Ro man Dac ia was o n ly h ypo the t ica l , b u t t he r ecen t d iscovery o f s uch a n of ic ina i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f s anctuar ies d ed ica ted t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia , a nd t he u n inscr ibed monumen ts men t ioned a bove , p rove w ithou t a ny d oub t t he e x istence o f t h is k ind o f work shop .

Iw il l a t te mp t b elow t o e stabl ish t he e x istence o f a

c o m mon t echn ique a nd s ty le i n t he s cu lp tura l ma ter ia l f ro m U lp ia Tra iana . I n t he l i gh t o f e x ist ing e v idence , a nd a d e ta iled s tudy o f s cu lp tures, t he e stabl i sh men t o f s o me d is t inc t ive f ea tures i n t h is ma ter ia l c an l ead u s t o a n u nders tand ing o f t he a r t ist ic me thods u sed b y t he S ar m izege tusa s choo l o f s cu lp ture.

3

F irst ly n o t ru ly o r ig ina l t ypes a ppear among t he s cu lp tures f ro m S ar m iz egetusa , b u t t here a re s ome s ty l ist ic f ea tures g raf ted o n to t he Ro man mode ls. The i nscr ibed s labs t he s ide p anels o f wh ich a re f i l led w ith a p e l ta t er m ina t ing i n ag r if f in 's h ead ( 462-468 ) b e long i n t h is c a tegory . S ty l ist ic p ar t icu lar it ies a re e spec ia l ly e v iden t i n f unerary a r t a nd i n s ta tuary.

F or e xamp le , t he i nhab itan ts o f S arm izegetusa h ad a marked p re-

f erence f or t he d raped s ta tues w h ich s ee m t o h ave b een mass-produced i n a workshop a t S ar m izegetusa . S a turn inus,

2 3

We k now t he n ame o f t he s cu lp tor C laud ius

ac arver o f s ta tues.

The s ta tue s igned w i th h is n ame ( 360 ) i s

r ough ly worked , a nd t he f o lds o f t he g ar men t a re b are ly i nd ica ted .

I ts ee ms

t ha t t h is s cu lp ture was a s amp le o f t he work o f , o r a n a dver t ise men t f or , t he s cu lp ture workshop . At ype o f s tela wh ich i s l ess w el l-known i n t he o ther a rt ist ic c en tres o f Dac ia i s e ncoun tered a t S ar m izegetusa . w ith p ure ly o rna men ta l p a t terns . 2 4

Th is i s t he u n f igured s te le d ecora ted

S o me s te lae s how a n i n terest ing t echn ica l

p ecu l iar i ty , h av ing meda l l ions w ith in h orseshoe-shaped s urrounds e x tend ing a bove t he f rame o f t he i n scr ip t ion .2 5 Among t he v o t ive p ieces, w e n o te t ha t t he s lab d ep ict ing t he g oddess Minerva ( 8 6 ) i s o n ly r ough ly w orked i n ap r im it ive s ty le a nd may r epresen t a n u nsuccessfu l a t te mp t made b y a n u nsk il led a r t is t o r ar e jec t f ro m s o me w orks hop a t S ar m izege tusa .

The r epresen ta t ion o f S i lvanus a ssoc ia ted w ith n ine

S ilvanae i s a lso t yp ica l o f S arm izege tusa ( 1 10 ) .

T he d e ta i ls o f t he a na to my

a nd g armen ts a nd t he a t tr ibute ( a t orch ) o f t he p ersons r epresen ted o n t hree r e l iefs ( 309-311) c ou ld i nd ica te t he p ecu l iar i t ies o f l oca l s ty le wh ich t he s cu lpt ors a t S ar m izegetusa h ad g raf ted o n t o t he s tandard R o man mode l . I ti s n o table t ha t , o f at o ta l o f f ive s cu lp tors i n Dac ia w hose n a mes a re k nown , t hree a re f ro m t he t err itory o f S ar m izegetusa : men t ioned a bove , D iogenes 26

C laud ius S a turn inus

f ro m A quae ( Ch ' . Ian ) a nd Marcus Cocce ius L uc ius 27

f ro m Mic ia ( V qe1 ) who s e t u p a n i n scr ip t ion t o V ic tor ia Augusta , a nd t o t he Gen ius o f t he Co l leg iu m o f t he l oca l s cu lp tors. o ther s cu lp tors f ro m Dac ia : I u l ius 29

The i nscr ip t ion men t ions t wo

Her meros l ap idar ius 28

a t Cr iste t i a nd T itus

( l oca l ity u nknown ). I t s hou ld b e n o ted t ha t t hese l ap idar i i w ere n o t

q uarry workers b u t a r t ists who f in ished b u i ld ing s tone a nd who i n p ar t icu lar c arved s cu lp tures. I ti s p oss ible t ha t t he s cu lp tors o f S ar m izege tusa w ere a ssoc ia ted i n a c o l leg iu m l ap ic idaru m s im ilar t o t ha t a t M ic ia .3 1

I ti s t rue t ha t t here i s n o

e p igraph ica l e v idence i n s uppor t o f t h is h ypo thes is , b u t i ti s p robab le t ha t s uch a n o rgan iza t ion was n ecessary t o e nsure t he e f ic iency o f t he s evera l workshops. I n o ur o p in ion , workshops a lso e x isted i n t he s e t t le men ts s i tua ted a round t he s cu lp tura l a nd a r t ist ic c en tre o f S ar m izege tusa , b u t t hey c arr ied o u t l ess s k il led work s uch a s t he s hap ing i n s i tu o f t he r ough s tone b locks w h ich w ere r eq u ired f or b u ild ings, s arcophag i a nd s o o n , o r p roduc ing s o me monu men ts o f i n fer ior a r t ist ic q ua l ity . The v ar ie ty o f t ypes o f s tone u sed f or b u i ld ings , p ave men ts , a rch i tect ura l d ecora t ion a nd i n scr ip t ions a nd v ar ious s cu lp tures n a tura l ly r a ises t he

4

p roble m o f p rovenance.

Our s tudy o f t h is p roble m i s b ased o n t he p etro log ica l

a nd m inera log ica l a na lys is o f4 2 p ieces . 3 2

We c an d educe t he p robable a reas

wh ich p rov ided t he s tone i n a n t iqu ity b y c o mpar ison o ft he r esul ts o f a na lys is a nd t he g eo log ica l map o f t he r eg ion .3 3 I ti s w el l k nown t ha t t he marble , a ma ter ia l f requen t ly u sed f or b u ild ings a nd e specia l ly f or i nscr ip t ions a nd s cu lp tures , c ame f ro m t he q uarry a t Bucova . 34 The q uarry s i tua ted 1 2 km t o t he west o f S ar m izege tusa , o n t he l ef t b ank o f t he r iver B istra , f urn ished r aw ma ter ia l n o t o n ly t o U lp ia Tra iana b u t a lso t o o ther t owns i n i n ter-Carpa th ian Dac ia i n a n t iqu i ty. 35

A l l 2 3 s a mp les o f marble wh ich

h ave b een a na lysed i nd ica te Bucova a s b e ing t he s i te o f t he q uarry .

On t he b as is

o f t he r esul ts o f t hese a na lyses we c an a lso s ta te t ha t t he q uarry a t Rusch4a , w hose marble was o f h igher q ua l i ty c o mpared w ith t ha t f ro m Bucova , was n o t k nown t o t he Ro mans . 3 6

I t s s yste ma t ic e xp lo ita t ion s tar ted i n 1 884.

Al arge n umber o f monu men ts a t S ar m izegetusa were worked f ro m v ar ious g r i t-stones.

The m inera l c o mposi t ion o f t h is ma ter ia l , wh ich i s f or med a s a

r esu l t o f t he c e men t ing o f f ine s ands, i s v ery v ar iable. r ies o f g r it-stones c an b e d ist ingu ished : f oss il iferous e tc. 2 500 k gf/c m

2

,

The f ol low ing c a tego-

l ime , c layey , f errous, m icaceous ,

Th is r ock , wh ich i s q u ite h ard w ith f racture r es istence o f

c an b e q u i te e as ily w orked a s r aw s tone o r s em i-worked s tone.

I t o ccurs i n l ayers o r a s s labs. 37 Th is ma ter ia l , w h ich c an b e r e la t ively e as i ly worked a nd i s f a ir ly r es ist an t t o t he e le men ts, was e x tens ive ly u sed a t S ar m izege tusa f or works o f a r t a nd e spec ia l ly f or f unerary monu men ts. A l tars , s telae , a ed icu lae a nd f unera ry l i ons w ere made o ft h is ma ter ia l .

L arge q uan t i t ies w ere u sed f or p ave-

men ts, d oor p ane ls , c o lu mns a nd t he ir b ases , l in tels e tc.

The worked f aces

o f t he e nclosure-wa l l a t S ar m izegetusa a re made o f t h is ma ter ia l .

The f act

t ha t t he g r it-stones were u sed o n s uch a l arge s ca le , e spec ia l ly f or b u ild ings, p resu mes t he e x istence o f ap roduc t ive q uarry worked o ver a l ong p er iod. G r it-stone f or ma t ion s a re n u merous a round S ar m izege tusa .

A v ast

d epos it e x ists b e tween t he r ivers C erna a nd Breazova i n t he n or th-western p ar t o f t he H eg d epress ion , b u t s ince i ti s s i tua ted s o f ar f ro m t he c ap ita l o f Dac ia i ti s improbable t ha t t he Ro mans t ook t he ir s tone f ro m t here.

A sma l ler

d epos it l i es t o t he n orth o f S ar m izegetusa , w est o f t he v i l lage o f Breazova . Bu t t he n earest d epos its , w h ich a re r ich d epos its 3 -5 km w ide n or th-sou th a nd o ccur i n l ayers o f 0 .5-6 m t h ick w ith o ccas iona l s labs, s tre tch f ro m t he west o f Bkgar i n an arrow s tr ip t o t he s ou th o f t he I ron Ga tes o f Transy lvan ia , t o t he s ou th o f S ar m izege tusa a nd t o t he e ast o f Pe tera . 38

Quarr ies f or g r i t-

s tone p robably e x isted i n t h is d epos it s o mewhere n ear t he v i l lage o f Hob i a. Ro man r e ma ins a re k nown h ere 39

s i tua ted a t ad istance o f a bou t 2 km t o t he

s ou th o fS ar m izege tusa . L arge q uan t it ies o f l imestone were a lso u sed b o th f or b u ild ings a nd f or monu men ts.

L i mestone i s as ed i men tary r ock f or med b y c he m ica l p rec ip ita-

t i on a nd i s g enera l ly c he m ica l ly f a irly p ure.

I ti s c o mposed o f s par a nd o ther

m inera ls wh ich g ive i td iferen t c o lours , a nd i t s o met i mes c on ta ins f oss ils. The f racture r es is tance i s 2 00-2000 I gf/c m 2 a nd c onsequen t ly i s l ess h ard t han t he g r i t-stone/1 0

L i mestone i s a lso more a f fected b y t he e le men ts b u t

i s more e as ily worked a nd more b eau t ifu l . b led e fect b 37 . mod e l l ing a nd p o l ish ing. 5

The o o l it ic l imestone g e ts a mar-

F or t hese q ua l it ies i t was u sed f or t he

f acade o ft he Pa lace o f t he Augusta les, p robably f or t he t o mb o f t he Aure l i i a nd f or t he mauso leu m s i tua ted o n t he l ef t o f t he v a l ley o f Drajcovu lu i.

The r e la-

t ively sma l l n u mber o f monu men ts o f l imestone wh ich h ave s urv ived a t S ar m iz egetusa c an b e e xp la ined b y t he f act t ha t o ver t he c en tur ies t he l oca l i nhab it an ts h ave u sed i tf or n ew c onstruct ion a nd h ave o bta ined l ime b y b urn ing i t . D epos its o f l imestone a re l ess n u merous t han t hose o fg r i t-stone n ear S ar m izege tusa .

One i s s i tua ted b e tween t he R lu l Mare a nd t he v a l ley o f

S ib 4e lu lu i , t o t he e ast o f S ar m izegetusa , b u t o w ing t o i t s d istance f ro m S ar m izegetusa , i t was n o t e as i ly e xp lo ited i n a n t iqu i ty .

There i s av ast d epos it

n ear Breazova , t o t he n or th-east o f U lp ia Tra iana , a nd Ro man r e ma ins a re k nown i n t h is l oca l ity .4 1

The f ind ing o f at o mb t here , f aced w ith s em i-worked

marble i nd ica tes t ha t t he l imestone f ro m Breazova was n o t u sed i n a n t iqu ity . Ano ther d eposi t i s s i tua ted t o t he west o f S ar m izege tusa , i n t he Päuc in W iZ e ican i a rea , a nd i s s t i l l e xp lo ited t oday . The modern q uarr ies a re i n t he I ordgche l v a l ley ;42 t h is a rea.

Ro man ma ter ia l , b r ick s a nd p o t tery , h ave b een f ound i n

The a nc ien t q uarry p robably l ay i n t he s a me a rea o r n earby.

Gne iss a nd m ica-sch ist were f requen t ly u sed i n t he Ro man b u ild ings a t U lp ia Tra iana . s tructure. g rey .

They a re me ta morph ic r ock s, o f ah o mogeneous g ranu lar

The ir c o lour v ar ies f ro m s tr ia ted o r s po t ted w h ite t o b rown o r

The f racture r es istance i s v ery h igh , o ver 2 500 k gf/c m 2 . They a re

u sed a s u nworked s tones s ince t hey c anno t b e worked d ue t o f i ssur ing. 43

There

i s n o d oubt t ha t q uarr ies o f g ne iss a nd m ica-sch ist , d epos i ts o f w h ich a lso e x ist i n t he r iver-va l leys , w ere e xp lo i ted i n a n t iqu i ty , s ince t hese ma ter ia ls were e x tens ive ly u sed i n t he a nc ien t b u ild ings. The g ne iss was l oca ted i n t he n or th-western p ar t o f t he l oca l ity , o n t he l ef t b ank o f t he r iver Breazova . The p easan ts b el ieve t ha t a n a nc ien t q uarry e x isted a t " Pr r iu l Buh i i" , b e tween S ar m izegetusa a nd t he Ro man r e ma ins a t Po iana S ele i. 44

Gne iss i s a lso f ound t o t he s ou th-east o f t he R iu lu i Mare , b u t

t h is i s s i tua ted t oo f ar f ro m t he c ap i ta l i n c o mpar ison w i th t he p os i t ion o f t he f i rst d epos it. M ica-sch ist c o mes f ro m t he n orthern s lopes o f t he Re teza t moun ta ins a nd was p robab ly e xp lo i ted t o t he s ou th o f Hob4a . 45 Ano ther s tone , u sed e spec ia l ly f or s arcophag i a nd t o s o me e x ten t f or q uerns a nd e ven s cu lp tures , was a ndes ite o f U ro iu t ype.

I th as a p orous t ex-

t ure a nd a p orphyry s tructure a nd b elongs t o t he a ndes i te f am ily . i nt wo s hades , g rey a nd r edd ish.

I to ccurs

The Ro man q uarry k nown i n t h is a rea was

s itua ted o n t he s ou thern a nd e astern s lope o f U ro iu h il l , n ear S i mer ia .

A

s im i lar a ndes i te was e xp lo ited i n a n t iqu ity i n t he n orth-western p ar t o f t he l oca l i ty n ear Deva , o n P ie troasa h i l l . 46 By c o mpar ison o f t he m inera log ica l a na lys is o f s o me b u ild ing a nd a rch it ectura l f ea tures a nd t he g eo log ica l map o f t he r eg ion , w e c an s ta te t ha t t he Ro man b u i ld ings a nd monu men ts were made f ro m t he s tone f ro m t he n earest q uarr ies,4 7 e xcep t f or t he a ndes i te wh ich was b rought f ro m U ro iu a nd P ie tr oasa—"Pfr tu l Bä ilor" .

The p ieces c om ing f ro m t hese s i tes were p robably

f in ished n ear t he q uarry a nd were t hen b rough t f or s a le t o S ar m izegetusa . Ano ther c a tegory r e markable f or t he n umber a nd b eau ty o f t he p ieces i s t he b ronzes made i n t he l oca l work shops. 6

A l though t here i s s o f ar n o a rchae-

o log ica l e v idence f or t he p resence o f t he l a t ter , we c an p resu me t he ir e x istence a t S ar m izege tusa f ro m t he r ecen t d iscovery ( 1977 ) o f c ast ing mou lds i n ab u i ldi ng s i tua ted t o t he west o f t he S cho la g lad ia toru m , wh ich c orrespond e xact ly i n d e ta il w i th s o me f i gur ines f ound a t S ar m izegetusa .

F or e xamp le , t he l ower

p ar t o ft he t un ic a nd t he t h ighs o f t wo L ares make a p erfect f i t.

Th is i n t urn

ma tches t he V -shaped f o ld b e tween t he l egs a nd a sma l l f o ld o n t he r ight l egs o f t wo f i gures, 48

o ne f ro m S ar m izege tusa ( 277 ) a nd t he o ther f ro m Deva , 49

s how ing t ha t t he f i gur ine f ro m Deva was made i n U lp ia Tra iana .

Ow ing t o i t s

a n i ma ted move men t , t he man t le o f t he U lp ian L ar s ee ms t o f l oa t a nd i s i n t he s hape o f ac urved f an a t t he b ack ;

t he s ame i den t ica l d e ta il i s e ncoun tered i n

t he c h itons o f t wo s tatue t tes o f t he g oddess D iana , o ne f ro m O strov 5° f ar f ro m t he S ar m izege tusa a nd o ther f ro m S ar m izegetusa i t sel f ( 25 ).

( 27 ) n o t Th is

sma l l s ty l ist ic d e ta il c ou ld r e f lect a p ecul iar ity o f t he a rt ist ic t rea t men t o f b ronze i n as pec if ic w ork shop .5 1

The f rag men ts o f i mper ia l s ta tues a nd a f ew

e xcep t iona l p ieces w ere c er ta in ly i mpor ted p roduc ts wh ich a rr ived t hrough t he n or ma l t rade b e tween t h is p rov ince a nd I ta ly. The i t e ms o f p o t tery a nd g lass r eferred t o i n t he p resen t work a re much l ess n u merous t han t hose o f s tone a nd meta l , e xcep t f or t he l a mps wh ich a re p ubl ished s epara tely .

5 2

F ive c hap ters i n t h is work d ea l w ith t he f i gured monu men ts , works o f s ecu lar o r r e l ig ious a rt , f unct iona l o r d ecora t ive p ieces, a l l f rom t he t err i tory o fS ar m izege tusa . The c a ta logue i s n o t e xhaust ive ow ing t o s o me i nev itable g aps i n t he b ibl i ography a nd t he p oss ib il i ty o f s o me p ieces b e ing s tored i n museu ms t o wh ich t he a u thors d id n o t h ave a ccess. The f i rst f ive c hap ters o f t he c a ta logue i nc lude t he p ieces wh ich a re e r w ere i n museu ms , o r h ave b een s een i n p r iva te c o l l ,? . c t ions a nd a re p ubl ished b y v ar ious s cho lars,

o r wh ich a re u npubl ished.

The l ast c hap ter , t he s ix th , l i sts t he l ost o r u n iden t if ied p ieces f ro m U lp ia Tra iana .

These a re p ubl ished i n v ar ious c a ta logues o r a re b r ief ly d e-

s cr ibed o r o n ly s che ma t ica l ly d rawn i n t he o lder w orks.

I ti s v ery p robable

t ha t s o me o f t hese p ieces a re t oday s tored i n museu ms , b u t t hey c anno t b e i den t if ied b ecause o f t he i nadequacy o f t he i n for ma t ion .

The p ieces wh ich h ave

b een i den t if ied b y t he a u thor a s e x ist ing i n museu ms a re i ncluded i n c hap ters I -V .

Chap ter V I d iscusses p ieces d escr ibed i n e ar l ier works, s o me t i mes w i th

s ke tches w h ich d o n o t e nable u s t o i den t ify t he i t e ms i n modern museu m c o ll ec t ions , w here many p robably s t i l l e x ist.

S o me may h ave a lready b een d e-

s cr ibed i n e arl ier c hap ters , a nd t o a vo id a r t if ic ia l ly i ncreas ing t he n umbers o fp ieces , t hose i n Chap ter V I h ave a s epara te n u mber ing s yste m .

I fa ny o f

t hese p ieces a re i den t if ied i n t he f u ture , t hey c an b e t ransferred t o t he ma in c a ta logue.

I t may b e t ha t ap iece c i ted i n C hap ter V I a s l ost o r u n iden t if ied

h as b een d up l ica ted i n o ne o f t he e arl ier c hap ters o r e ven c i ted a s u npubl ished. Th is s i tua t ion i s d ue t o t he i nadequa te d escr ip t ions o r t o t he i naccura te d rawi ngs p ubl ished i n t he s ources. The p resen t work d oes n o t d ea l w i th i n tag l ios , o f wh ich r ela t ively f ew h ave b een f ound a t S ar m izege tusa , o r c lay l amps.

7

The p resen t f or m o f " Figured monu men ts a t U lp ia Tra iana S ar m izege tusa" i s ad ocu men tary b asis f or a no ther t wo works o f s yn thesis wh ich Ih ave i n tended t o wr ite f or a l ong t ime, n a mely :

" Ro man p rov inc ia l a rt r ef lected i n t he mon-

umen ts o f U lp ia Tra iana" a nd ' The a nc ien t c u l ts a t S ar m izegetusa" ; b o th works w il l c o mp lete a nd w il l b e c o mp leted b y t he p resen t c a ta logue.

We h ave t o t hank n u merous s cho lars f ro m v ar ious Ro man ian museu ms f or h elp ing u s t o l oca te a nd i den t ify t he ma ter ia l. We e xpress o ut g ra t itude e spec ia l ly t o Dr. H . Da icov iciu , D irector o f t he Museu m o f t he H istory o f Transy lvan ia a nd D irector o f Excava t ions a t U lp ia Tra iana S ar m izege tusa , f or h is u sefu l a dv ice a nd g u idance a nd f or p rov id ing t he n ecessary t echn ica l a nd ma ter ia l means t o p ubl ish t he p resen t work . We a lso e xpress o ur t hanks t o t he f o l low ing s cho lars f or h e lp ing u s a nd g iv ing i n for ma t ion :

I . P iso , I . Mitrofan , M. Bärbu lescu , D . I sac a nd A . ArdcT

f ro m C lu j-Napoca ;

Dr . M . Va lea , I . Andr4o iu a nd A . Rusu f ro m Deva ;

E . Ne mep f ro m S arm izegetusa ; t he D irector , D .

Dr . L . r i eposu- Mar inescu f ro m Bucharest ;

t . Mosora f ro m S igh i. para ;

Benea f ro m T im isoara ;

t he D irector , F l . Mede lq a nd

Dr . I u liu Pau l f ro m S ib iu .

Iam a lso o bl iged t o A . Pe t nwan ( t echn ica l s taf f );

J . Horväth a nd A .

Bodd ( pho tographers ) a nd M. Marcon i ( draugh ts man a nd g raph ic a r t ist ).

NOTES

1 .

A . Bodor , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p p. 2 55-256;

D . A l icu , E .

N e me , RLS ( H. Da icov ic iu , P reface , p . 2 .) 2 .

I . I . Russu , I DR, I , 1 975, p p. 3 0-60 ;

3 .

I . I . Russu , AMN

A . Bodor , o p.c it., p p . 2 57-259.

I I , 1 966 , p p . 4 37-450 , w ith b ibl iography ; A . Bodor ,

o p.c it., p . 2 58. 4 .

A . F . Mars igl i , Danub ius Pannon ico- Mysicus, I , Haga-A msterdam , 1 726.

5 .

M. J . Ackner , Re ise n ach Värhely i n a n t iquar ischer H insicht im J ahre 1 832, Trans ilvan ia , I , 1 832, p p. 2 69-278;

I , 1 832, p p . 2 29-239.

6 .

I . Berciu , Apu lu m , I V , 1 961, p p. 1 66-167 , f oo tnote 1 .

7 .

M. J . Ackner , Decenna l-Aufze ichnung d er a rchäo log ischen Funde im S iebenbürgen v on J ahre 1 845 b is 1 855 , MCC, I , 1 856, p p. 9 3-96.

8 .

I . I . Russu , I DR, I , 1 975 , p p. 4 6-48.

9 .

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p ass i m.

8

1 0.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dacia , I , 1 924, p . 2 46; p p. 4 41-448;

1 1.

I . I . Russu , S CIV , X IV , 1 963,

i de m , I DR , I , 1 975, p p. 4 9-51.

Th. Mo m msen , Mona tsber ichte d er k dn igl ichen Preussischen Akade m ie d er Wissenscha f ten z u Berl in a us d em J ahre 1 857 , Berl in , 1 858, p . 5 14; G . Kuun , HTRT , X , 1 899 , p . 1 16;

0 . May land , HTRT , XV I I I , 1 908,

p . 9 6. 1 2.

C . Da icov ic iu , o p.c it., p p. 2 25-226, w ith b ibl iograph ica l r eferences; V . Wo l l mann , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p p. 3 07-315;

AE M, I , 1 8 ,

1 877 , p . 1 26; HTRTt, V I II , 1 893-1896 , p . 1 44. 1 3.

S ee t he h istory o f t he s oc iety 's f ound ing i n HTRT , XVI I I, 1 908, p p . 9 7-102 . . b ut

C . Da icov ic iu, 2 p.. c it . ,p p . 2 26-231, s u m mar izes v ery b r ief ly

w ith v ery g ood d ocu men ta t ion t he a ct iv ity o f t h is i nst itut ion a t

S ar m izegetusa . 1 4.

C . Da icov ic iu ,

p . 2 32.

1 5.

I de m ,

1 6.

I de m , 2 2 .c i t . , p . 2 32.

1 7.

A l. Bärcäcila , AO

1 8.

D . A l icu , AMN , X I II , 1 976, p p. 1 41-142; D . A l icu , E . N e mes,,RLS

p . 2 64.

y ear I , 7 , MayJune , 1 923, p p. 1 79-195.

( H. Da icov ic iu , Preface , p . 3 ). 1 9.

D . A l icu , E . N e me , RLS ( H. Da icov ic iu , Preface , p p. 3 -5 , p resen ts a b r ief s urvey o f t he e xcava t ions c arr ied o u t a t S ar m izege tusa b etween 1 973-1976 ).

2 0.

H . Da icov ic iu , D . A l icu , E . N e me , I . P iso , C . Pop , A . Rusu , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p p . 2 25-228 .

2 1.

D . A l icu , C . Pop , V . Ca tanas, AMN

X I I I, 1 976, p p. 1 25-126 , f i g. 1 .

2 2.

I de m , 2 p .c i t., p p. 1 26-129 , f i g. 2 -6.

2 3.

C IL , I I , 1 413; C . Tor ma , ArchKdzl , I , 1 863, p . 1 41; AMN , I , 1 964, p . 1 84; M. Macrea , V ia ta , p . 3 55;

I . I . Russu ,

D . A l icu a nd c ol-

l abora tors, o p.c it., p . 1 33, f i gs. 1 2-13. 2 4.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 2 50.

2 5.

I de m ,

2 6.

C IL , I I , 7 895; G . Tegla 's , HT, I , 1 902, p . 1 13, f i g. 1 89 ;

p . 2 50; D . A l icu a nd c o l labora tors, o p.c i t., p p. 1 32-133.

p . 1 83; M. Macrea , V ia ta

p . 3 07 , 3 12 ;

I . I . Russu ,

D . A licu a nd c o l lab-

o ra tors, 9 2 .c it . p . 1 33 . 2 7.

C IL , I I , 1 365; I . I . Russu , o p.c it., p . 1 83;

M. Macrea , V ia ta , p . 3 12;

D . A l icu a nd c ol labora tors, l oc.cit. 2 8.

I . I . Russu , o p .c it., p p. 1 83-185, n o. 1 , f i g. 1 , a nd b ibl iography ;

D .

A l icu a nd c o l labora tors, l oc.c it. 2 9.

C IL , I I , 1 601;

I . I . Russu , o p.c it., p . 1 84; M. Macrea , l oc.c it.;

D . A l icu a nd c ol labora tors, l oc.cit. 3 0.

M. Macrea , l oc.c it.; D . A l icu a nd c o l labora tors, o p.c it., p p. 1 33-135.

9

3 1.

S ee n o te 2 7.

3 2.

D . A l icu a nd c ol labora tors, 2 p .c it., p p . 1 39-140.

3 3.

I de m , 2p .c it., f ig. 1 4.

3 4.

M. J . Ackner , J CC, 1 856, p . 7 ; C . Gooss, AVSL , X I I I , 1 876, p . 2 66; G . Teglgs, Ungar ische Revue , 1 889 , p . 2 61;

V . L4 iu , Car ierele d e

p ia trä d in Transilvan ia 9 i i ndustr ia c era m ic , C lu j, 1 934, p . 4 ;

G .

P irvu , Car ierele d e p ia trä d in R .P. R., Bucurest i , 1 964, p . 6 5;

V .

Wo l l mann , S arget ia , X , 1 973, p . 1 07. 3 5. 3 6.

V . Wo l l mann , V . La 5 iu ,

p . 1 13.

. c i t., p . 4a nd G . P r i ‘vu , 2 p .c it., p . 6 6 , s ta tes, w ithou t

c onclusive e v idence , t ha t t h is q uarry was k nown i n a n t iqu ity. 3 7.

G . P irvu , o p.c it., p p. 1 5-16.

3 8.

Harta g eolog icä , 2 5 Deva .

3 9.

0 . F loca , MC A , I , 1 953, p . 7 44 s qq.

4 0.

G . Pi rvu , o p.c it., p p. 1 7-18 a nd 2 28-229.

4 1.

0 . F loca , S arget ia , I , p p. 4 0-41;

4 2.

G . Pf rvu , o p .c it., p p . 2 28-229.

4 3.

I de m , o p .c it., p . 2 0.

4 4.

A l. Ferenczi , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 70 s q.

4 5.

Har ta geo log icä l 2 5 Deva.

4 6.

V . Wol l mann , o p.c it., p . 1 11.

4 7.

V . Chr istescu , V i ga e cono m icä a Dac ie i r o mane ( Con tr ib e i l a or econ-

I . M itrofan , AMN , X I , 1 974, p . 4 1.

s t itu ire i s tor icä) , P itept i, 1 929, p . 3 6 . 4 8.

C . Pop , A . Rusu , Apulu m , XV I, 1 978 , p p . 1 86-187 .

4 9.

L . 1 V Iargh itan , C . Pop , S arge t ia , V I I , 1 971, p p. 6 7-71;

L . Margh i tan ,

Cerce tär i a rheo log ice p e v a tra o ra plu i Deva , Deva , 1 971, p p. 3 8-41, n o . b , f ig . o n c over a nd f ig . 1 9;

Gh id Deva, p . 4 0, f ig . o n c over ;

C . Pop, Apu lu m, X I I, 1 974, p p . 6 02-603, n o . 2 , f ig . 2 . 5 0.

C . Pop , E . N e mel , AMN , X I , p p. 8 5-91, f i g. 1 -1 d ; A. Rusu , E . N e mes, C . Pop , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 1 02, n o. 2 , f i g. 2 .

5 1.

C . Pop , A . Rusu , o p . c i t ., p . 1 86 a nd n o te 8 .

5 2.

D . A l icu , E . N e m e, RLS, B .A .R . 1 8 , Oxford, 1 977 .

1 0

CHAPTER I DEIT IES AND MYTHOLOG ICAL CHARACTERS

GRAECO-ROMAN DEIT IES The c a talogue d oes n o t i nclude a l l t he d e it ies o f t he Pan theon k nown t o h ave b een worsh ipped a t S ar m izegetusa , b u t o n ly 1 7 o f t he m , whose f i gures s cu lp ted i n s tone o r c ast i nb ronze w ere f ound b y c hance o r i n t he c ourse o f t he a rchaeol og ica l e xcava t ions.

The l argest n u mber o ff igures c erta in ly b elongs t o t he

d e it ies t o w ho m t he t e mp les w ere d ed icated. Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia The d e i t ies o f med ic ine g et t he s econd p lace , af ter L iber Pater, i n t he n u mer ica l o rder o f s cu lp tures : p ieces.

t he r epresen tat ions o f t hese d e it ies t ota l 1 7

Aescu lap ius a cco mpan ied b y Hyg ie ia o ccurs o n t wo b as-rel iefs ( 1 , 3 )

a nd o ne e x v o to ( 2 ) o n wh ich o n ly t wo e ars a re d ep icted.

1

I ti s v ery p robable

t hat Hyg ie ia w as a lso b es ide t he g od o n t he f rag men tary b as-rel ief i n w h ich t he f i gure o f Aescu lap ius i s p ar t ly p reserved o n t he s urv iv ing r igh t e dge ( 1 1 ). One f rag men tary r el ief s hows Aescu lap ius a cco mpan ied o n ly b y Te lesphorus ( 5 ), b u t w e c anno t e xclude t he p oss ib il ity t hat Hyg ie ia may h ave b een r epres en ted t o t he r igh t o f God , e spec ial ly i fw e t ake i n to c onsidera t ion t he i n scr ipt ion o nt he b ase :

...Hyg iae/vo to.

Aescu lap ius i s r epresen ted a lone i n h igh r el ief ( 9 ) a nd b y t wo s tatues ( 8 , 1 0 );

a no ther s tatue ( 12 ) r epresen ts t he s ing le f i gure o f t he g oddess.

A we l l p reserved s tatue d ep icts Hyg ie ia ( 7 ) p robably a cco mpan ied b y Telesp horus;

t he d ed icat ion o n t he b ase o f t he s tatue i s t o b o th d e i t ies.

Another

s ta tue , w ithou t d ed icator, ( 1 3 ) r epresen ts t he s a me g roup o f Hyg ie ia t ogether w ith T elesphorus.

Ab as-re l ief w h ich w as s een l ast c entury a t H eg s howed

av ery r are r epresen tat ion o f Hyg ie ia , a cco mpan ied b y t he g en ius o f e uphoria , Akes is o r Eua mer ion .

Un for tunately t he p iece i s n ow l ost a nd t he b r ief

d escr ip t ion i s n o t c onv inc ing e v idence f or t he i den t if icat ion o f t he f i gure b es ide Hyg ie ia a s Eua mer ion , b u t a t t he s a me t ime we h ave n o t s uf f ic ien t e v idence t o r efu te t he o p in ion o f t he a u thor o f t he d escr ip t ion ( 17 ). Two f rag men ts o f h ands ( 14, 1 5 ) f ound i n t he c o mplex o f t e mp les d evo ted t o t he g ods o f med ic ine b elonged t o o ther t wo s tatues o f Hyg ie ia. I n c onclusion , t he f o l low ing r epresen tat ions o f Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia w ere f ound a t S ar m izege tusa ( w i th s o me r eserva t ion s b ecause o f t he p oor s tate o f p reserva t ion o f s o me p ieces ) :

4r el iefs o f Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia a cco mpan-

i ed b y T elesphorus o r Eros ( 1 , 3 , 5 , 1); Aescu lap ius ( 8 , 9 , 1 0 );

2s tatues a nd a h igh r e l ief o f

3s tatues o f Hyg ie ia , a lone o r a cco mpan ied b y T eles-

p horus ( 7 , 1 2, 1 3 ) ; t wo f rag men ts o f s tatues ( Hyg ie ia 's h ands ( 14, 1 5 ) a nd a b as-rel ief o f Hyg ie ia a nd Akesis ( 17 ) ) . Four monumen ts b ear d ed ica t ions t o b oth d e i t ies. 1

T hree p ieces i ncluded i n t he c ata logue a re n o t d iscussed.

T he f i rst t wo a re

c ons idered t o b elong t o t he d e it ies o f med ic ine , o n t he b as is o f t he ir h av ing b een f ound i n t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d evo ted t o t hese d e i t ies ( 6 ) a nd ow ing t o t he i nsc r ip t ion o nt he b order ( 4 ). Te lesphorus ( 16 ).

The t h ird r el ief i s f rag men tary a nd r epresen ts

T en o u t o f 1 7 r epresen tat ions w ere f ound i n t he e xcava t ions

o ft he s acred p rec inc t d evo ted t o t hese d e it ies ( 1 , 2 , 6 , 8 -12, 1 4, 1 5 ).

T hree

( 1 , 8 , 1 2 ) w ere r ecovered f ro m a w e l l f i l led i n r itua l ly b y Chr ist ians a f ter t he Ro man w ithdrawa l f ro m Dac ia 2 a t t he e nd o ft he 3 rd c en tury A .D ., a nd c onseq uen t ly t hey c an b e d a ted t o t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

T he e arl iest p iece f ro m U lp ia

Tra iana i s t he b as-rel ief ( no. 3 ) w h ich d ates f ro m t he b eg inn ing o f t he 2 nd c en tury3 o n t he b as is o f t he n o men o f t he d ed ica tor :

U lp ( ius) Av i l l( ius) F lorent i (nus) .

P ieces 6 a nd 9 -11 d a te f ro m t he s a me c entury . On t he b as is o f af rag men tary i n scr ip t ion ( CIL , I I , 7 897, 7 898 ), 4 G . T tg lhs i n 1 884 i den t if ied t he c u l t c o mp lex d evo ted t o t he d e it ies o f med ic ine a s l y ing t o t he n orth o f t he t own w al l a nd t o t he n orth-east o f t he amph ithea tre. i den t if ica t ion i s c lose t o t he t ru th :

T h is

t he a c tua l s ite o f t he t e mp le was i den t if ied

a nd t he f i rst e xcavat ions b egun i n 1 973.

The o n ly r eservat ion i s t hat , t ak ing

i n to a ccoun t t he l arge s ize o f t he c o mp lex , i ti s p oss ible t hat t he p ieces f ound b y T egr äs c a me f ro m t he n orthern p art o r f ro m t he a rea o f b u ild ings s i tuated t o t he n orth-east o f t he amph i thea tre a nd i m med iately t o t he n orth o f t he t e mp le e xcava ted f ro m 1 973 o n .

T h is g roup o f b u i ld ings i s l inked w ith t he c on struct ion

men t ioned a bove a nd w il l b e e xcava ted i n t he f u ture. p oss ib il ity t hat a h osp ita l may h ave e x isted t here.

We c anno t e xclude t he

O ther i nscr ip t ions wh ich

h ave b een s een a nd p ubl ished b y B . J är i ä c o me f ro m t he s a me a rea. 5 The e xcava t ion s wh ich b egan i n 1 973 a nd a re s t il l c ont inu ing

h ave b rough t

t o l i gh t al arge c o mp lex o ft e mp les d ed icated t o Ae scuL ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia.

6

T he

s anctuar ies, i n w h ich s evera l b u ild ing p hases a nd a dd i t ions c an b e d ist ingu ished , d a te f ro m t he 2 nd c en tury t o t he e nd o f t he 3 rd c en tury A . D.

T hanks t o t hese

e xcavat ions, t he n u mber o f i nscr ip t ions d ed ica ted t o t hese d e i t ies r eaches a t ota l o f 3 2 p ieces a t S ar m izege tusa a nd 6 7 i n a l l Dac ia.

7

I f we a dd t he 1 0

s cu lptures t o t h is f i gure , t hen t he n u mber o f monumen ts d evoted t o t hese d e i t ies a t S ar m izege tusa r eaches a n o veral l t ota l o f4 2 p ieces.

O f c ourse , t h is f i gure

i s p rov is iona l u n t i l t he e xcava t ion s c arr ied o u t i nt he a rea o ft e mp les h ave b een c o mpleted . Another A sk lepe ion i s k nown i n Dac ia , a t Apu lu m ;8 t ed t o t he d e it ies o f h eal th c o me f ro m t h is t own .

2 1 i nscr ip t ions d ed ica-

9

Apo l lo T h is d e ity i s i n frequen t ly a t tested b y i n scr ip t ions a nd s cu lp tures.

The f rag-

men tary s ta tue tte i n t he c a talogue ( 18 ) i s a t tr ibu ted w ith s o me r eserva t ions t o Apol lo.

The a l tar d evo ted t o Apo l lo a nd a t o ne t ime c ons idered t o b e af orgery

i s l ess c er ta in e v idence.

1 °

D iana Before t he w r it ing o f t he p resen t c ata logue , s even r epresen tat ions o f D iana w ere k nown f ro m S ar m izegetusa.

T he n u mber r eached a t ota l o f 1 p ieces a s

ar esu l t o f e xcava t ions a nd o ur own i nvest igat ions i n museu m s tores.

S he i s

r epresen ted a lone o r a cco mpan ied b y ad og o r a nother a n i ma l , e xcep t f or a

1 2

s ing le monu men t i n w h ich s he i s d ep icted w ith S ilvanus ( 29 ). monu men ts f ound a t U lp ia T ra iana a re n o t i nscr ibed . t h is d e ity a re l mown.

1

The s cu lptural

Two a l tars d ed ica ted t o

The c ata logue i ncludes a b as-rel ief d iscovered a t

S tre ising iorg iu ( 22 ) ,bu t w h ich a l most c erta in ly c o mes f ro m a workshop i n S ar m izegetusa , a nd a b ronze f ro m O strov ( 27 ), w h ich was a lso made i n U lp ia T ra iana. G . T eglas, o nt he b as is o f af rag men t o f a n a l tar ( CIL , I I , 7 961) f ound b y h im d ur ing e xcava t ions t he d ate o f wh ich i s n o t k nown , d educes t he e x istence o f at e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana t o t he s ou th-east o f t he t own w al 1 . A v ery l arge t e mp le ( 46.3 x 3 4 m;

c el la :

1 2

4 .3 x 1 0 m ), d ed icated t o

s evera l d e it ies, w as d iscovered d ur ing t he e xcava t ions c arr ied o u t i n t he s u mmer o f 1 977. The p lan o f t he e d if ice i s s im ilar t o t ha t o f t he t e mp le o f L iber Pater.

1 3

A t l east t wo b u i ld ing p hases c an b e d ist ingu ished :1 4

t he f i rst e nded

w hen t he e xtra muros a rea o f S ar m izege tusa was d estroyed b y t he Marco mann i i n A .D . 1 70 ;1 5

t he t e mp le w as h eav ily d a maged o n t h is o ccas ion .

A n umber

o f a rch itectura l e le men ts ( arch itraves, c orn ices, c ap ita ls, c o lu mn s a nd c o lu mn b ases ) w h ich h ave b een d a maged , w ere r e-used i n t he b u ild ing o f s o me d ra ina ge c hannels wh ich h ad b een r endered n ecessary i n t he b ase men t o f t he t e mple b ecause o f t he r a is ing o f t he w ater l eve1 .

1 6

F rag men ts o f v ery l arge a l tars

d evo ted t o D iana , J uno a nd H ercu les h ave b een f ound i n t he w al ls o f d ra in agec hannels.

1 7

F rag men ts o f l i fe-size s tatues o f D iana a nd H ercu les w ere f ound

i nt he e arth u sed t o r a ise t he o ccupa t ion l evel a bove t he d ra inage c hannels.

I n

t he l i gh t o f t h is e v idence, we c an p resu me t hat t he t e mple was o r ig inal ly , i n i t s f i rst b u i ld ing-phase, d ed icated t o a t l east t he t hree d e it ies men t ioned a bove. We m igh t s uppose t hat t he s a me f unct ion w as ma in ta ined l ater, t ak ing i nto a ccoun t t hat n o s tructura l a lterat ions t ook p lace t o t he t e mp le, b u t o n ly r epa irs a nd r ep lace men t o f a rch itectura l e le men ts.

The t e mp le w as s i tuated t o t he n or th o f

t he wa l l o f t he t own a nd t o t he s ou theast o f t he amph itheatre.

T he a c tua l s i te

d oes n o t c orrespond t o t hat s uggested b y G . T egr as, b u t d oes n ot e xclude t he p oss ib le e x istence o f a sma l l s anctuary d ed ica ted t o D iana a nd b u i l t p robably af ter A .D . 1 70 i n a no ther a rea. M. Bärbu lescu , i n a n e x tens ive s tudy o f t he c u lt o f D iana i n Dac ia , men t ions 5 4 s cu lp tures i n t he who le p rov ince ;1 8

t he s tatuary f rag men ts f ound i n 1 977

s hou ld b e a dded t o t h is n u mber. Hecate T h is myster ious g oddess, k nown i n Greece f ro m t he 7 th c en tury B .C., i nvoked b y mag ic ians e spec ia l ly d ur ing t he n igh t , i s r epresen ted a t S ar m izeget usa b y f our b as-rel iefs ( 30-32, 3 4 ), t wo s tatues ( 33, 3 5 ) a nd o ne a l tar. The r el iefs d ep ict c lu msi ly t he t r ip le g oddess. v iew , r e l ief n o. 3 2 i s t he b est.

1 9

Fro m t he a rt ist ic p o in t o f

One o ft he s tatues, w h ich i s p erfect ly p reserved ,

s hows t he s a me p rov inc ial e xecu t ion .

A l though t he p rovenance o f t h is p iece

i s n ot p rec isely k nown , w e c an p resume t hat i tw as f ound s o mewhere a t ar oad j unc t ion , where t he s tatues o f t h is d e ity w ere u sua l ly s et u p. 2 ° The b r ief i n for mat ion c oncern ing r el ief n o . 3 4 d oes n ot a l low u s t o i den t ify w ith c er ta in ty t he image a s t hat o f Heca te.

1 3

Hercu les T he c atalogue o ff igured monumen ts f ro m U lp ia T ra iana i ncludes 6b asr el iefs ( 36-39 , 4 2-43 ) a nd 2 s tatues o r s tatuet tes ( 40-41 ) d ep ict ing Hercu les. Part icu lar ly n o tewor thy i s b as-rel ief n o . 3 6 , wh ich i s u n fort una tely f rag men ta ry , p robab ly b e long ing t o t he f r ieze o f t he Augusta les p a lace.

Ow ing t o i t s

monumen tal s ize, t he f rag men tary marble s tatue o f t he g od ( t he s ize o f t he f oo t i s 1 .06 m ) i s a lso a r e markable work ( 40 ).

The a t ten t ion p a id t o d e ta ils

i n t he t reat men t o f t he k nee-cap , t endons, muscles o f t h ighs a nd c a lf s hows t ha t t he s ta tue , l i ke t ha t o f D iana ( 2 , 4 ) wh ich i s a lso o f l arge s ize, was s cu lpt ed b y ap ar t icu lar ly s k i lfu l a r t ist , whose workshop p robab ly f urn ished many monu men ts t o S arm izege tusa . N o o ther s tatues o f d e it ies s im ilar i n s ize a nd a rt ist ic s k il l t o t hose o f D iana a nd Hercu les f ound i n t he s anctuary d evo ted t o t he m ,un fortunately f ragmen tar ily p reserved , h ave s o f ar b een f ound i n Dac ia. T he b as-rel ief n o. 3 8 o f Hercu les Masta i c an b e r egarded a s as k i lfu l w ork o f p rov inc ia l a r t .

I tw as f ound a t S a lasuk d e S us, t o t he e ast o f S ar m izege tusa ,

b u t i s c er ta in ly t he w ork o f a n a r t ist f ro m U lp ia T ra iana. M. Bt ä rbu lescu , i n ad ocu men ted s tudy d evoted t o t he c u l t o f Hercu les i n Dac ia , r ecords 5 2 i nscr ip t ions a nd 8 6 r epresen tat ion s f ro m t he p rov ince. 2 1 I f we a dd t he monumen ts f ound i n t he s u m mer o f 1 977 a nd t hose i den t if ied b y u s, t hen t he n umber o f r epresen ta t ions o f Hercu les f ro m Dac ia r eaches a n o veral l t ota l o f 9 3, a nd t hat o f d ed icatory i nscr ip t ion s f ro m t he p rov ince t ota ls 5 3. J uno Th is d e ity , w orsh ipped t ogether w ith Hercu les a nd D iana , i s r epresen ted i n f i ve monumen ts a t S ar m izege tusa.

Two o f t he m ( 44, 4 5 ) a re i ncluded i n

t he p resen t c ata logue , w ith r eserva t ions a s c oncerns t he s econd p iece , n o . 4 5, wh ich h as b een i den t if ied b y B . J ä in6 b u t i s n ow l ost .

Arae r epresen t t he d e ity

e ither a lone ( CIL , I I , 7 908 a nd t he u npubl ished a l tar f ound i n t he t e mp le ) o r a ssoc ia ted w ith J up iter a nd Minerva ,2 2

T he g oddess a ppears a lso a s S osp ita

( 45 ) a nd L uc ina ( 471); a mosa ic d ep icts h er image ( 459 ). J up iter N ine s cu lptures d ep ict t h is d e i ty :

o ne o pen-work r el ief ( 46 ), o ne s tatuet te

( 47 ), a s " Verosp i" ( 48 , 4 9 , 5 0 , 5 4 ), t wo b as-rel iefs s how ing t he g od a cco mpani ed b y Hercu les ( 51 ) a nd Mercury ( 52 ).

A p iece c onnected d irect ly w ith t he

c u l t o f J up iter s hou ld b e a dded t o t hese r epresen ta t ions;

i ti s s um mar ily d es-

c r ibed i n t he " Catalogu l Muzeu lu i d iecezan" p ubl ished a t L ugo j ( 5 3 ).

On ly

t he r el ief w ith f ree-stand ing f i gures i s i nscr ibed ( 46 ). At e mp le d evo ted t o t he Cap i to l ine t r iad o r e ven t o t he g od c er ta in ly e x isted n ear t he f oru m i n U lp ia Tra iana a s i s s hown b y t he p resence o f 1 5 a l tars d ed ic ated t o I 0M 2 3 a nd t he s tatuary r ecorded i n t he c atalogue. Un for tuna tely , t he f ind-spo ts o f t he s cu lptures d iscovered i n t he l ast c en tury a re n o t k nown .

T he

o n ly p iece f ound a f ter 1 973 c o mes f ro m t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d evo ted t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia. T he p resence o f ar el ief d ed ica ted t o I OM ( 46 )i n at e mple d evo ted t o t he d e it ies o fh ea l th i s n ot e as ily e xpla ined. T he h ypo thes is o f t he e x istence o f as culptor 's workshop w ith in t he s acred p rec inct o ft e mp les 1 4

i s n ot f u l ly c onv inc ing. 2 4 w ith t he f u l men ;

T he r el ief r epresen ts J up iter p robab ly s tand ing

t h is image o f J up iter b elongs t o t ype B i n t he c lass if icat ion

e stabl ished f or Dac ia b y D . I sac. 2 5 t o t he s a me g roup.

The f rag men tary s tatuet te n o. 4 7 b elongs

J up iter t onans o r "V erosp i"

2 6

c er ta in ly o ccurs o n t hree

monumen ts a t S ar m izegetusa ( 48-50 ); t he p resence o f t h is t ype o n af our th p iece i s d oubtfu l ( 54 ) : t he o n ly e v idence i s as ketch b y A . Fodor, a nd o ur r eserva t ions c oncern ing e ven t he i den t if icat ion w ith J up i ter a re b ased o n t he f o l low ing a rgu men ts :

t he l ef t a rm o f t he f i gure i s b en t t o t he f ron t a nd n ot

r a ised a nd h o ld ing a s cep tre; i n c on trast t o a l l r epresen tat ions o f t he d e ity f ound s o f ar i n Dac ia , t he b reast i s c overed a ccord ing t o t he d raw ing; t he e agle wh ich i nvar iably a cco mpan ied J up i ter i s m iss ing.

a nd

Desp ite t hese

r eservat ions, w e h ave i ncluded t h is p iece h ere b ecause t he d raw ings b y A . Fodor a re t o s o me d egree f anc ifu l , s o me d eta ils b e ing om itted w h i le o thers a re a dded.

Accord ing t o D . I sac, t h is t ype o ccurs o n 1 8 p ieces i n I n ter-

Carpath ian Dac ia ;

i ti s n ot e ncoun tered i n Dac ia I n fer ior. 27

Category C ( Jup iter f u lm inans )2 8

i ncludes t wo r epresen tat ion s o f J up iter

a ssoc ia ted w ith Hercu les a nd Mercury ( 5 1, 5 2 ).

The i n for ma t ion a bou t t he

b as-rel ief r epresen t ing J up iter a nd H ercu les i s b r ief b u t g ives t he d eta ils t hat t he g od h o lds a t hunderbo l t i nh is h and.

T he s econd r e l ief s hows J up iter h o ld-

i ng a s cep tre i nh is l ef t h and a nd a p a tera o ver a n a ltar i n h is r igh t h and.

The

s ty l ized t hunderbo l t e nables u s t o c lass ify t he p iece. L iber a nd L ibera L iber Pater , t he c onv iv ia l p atron o f t he v ine a nd a d e ity o f a nc ien t I t a l ian o r ig in a ss im i la ted w ith t he Greek g od D ionysus-Bacchus,

2 9

w as w idely wor-

s h ipped i n Dac ia b y b o th c iv il ians a nd s o ld iers. " The w idespread p opu lar ity o f t he c u l t o f L iber, a lone o r t ogether w ith L ibera, i s s hown b y t he f act t hat t he d ed icat ions t o t h is d e ity a re e ncoun tered e verywhere i n t he p rov ince a nd n ot o n ly i n t he a gr icu l tura l o r w ine-produc ing a reas, i n t owns a nd i n v i l lages ,3 1 a lso i n t he l oca l it ies i n wh ich t he Ro man t roops w ere s tat ioned ,3 2 i n a ur iferous r eg ions o f t he Apusen i Moun ta ins a t A lburnus Ma ior 33 a nd Ampelu m 3 4 a nd i n t he s pas w ith c ura t ive b aths s uch a s G er m isara 3 5

a nd S a l inae. 36

T he n u mber

o f i nscr ip t ions d ed icated t o t hese d e it ies i n Dac ia t ota ls 5 2 p ieces . 3 7 I n a l l , 1 72 f i gured r epresen tat ions 38 h ave b een f ound i n Dac ia ;

t h is i ncludes

t he p ieces s how ing t he a co lytes o f t he D ionys iac r ou t ( S i lenus, P an , s a tyrs a nd maenads ). Twelve i nscr ip t ions a nd 2 4 f i gured monumen ts d ed icated t o t hese d e it ies a re k nown a t U lp ia Tra iana.

Numer ica l ly , L iber a nd L ibera h o ld f i rst p lace among

t he d ed icat ions s e t u p t o ad e ity i n t he c ap ita l o f Dac ia. U lp ia T ra ina c o mes t h ird , a f ter Apu lu m ( 27 e xa mp les ) 39 a nd Ro mu la , ( 26 e xa mp les ) " i n t he o ccurrence o f s cu lp tures o f t hese d e i t ies f ound i n Dac ia. F ro m t he p o in t o f v iew o f f i gured r epresen ta t ion , s o me r el iefs o f U lp ia b elong e i ther t o t he S ar m izegetusa g roup 4 1 L ibera , p an ther a nd a co ly tes :

( L iber o ccurr ing t ogether w ith

5 5-58, 6 7 , 7 1 ), o r t o t he Po ta issa t ype 42

( L iber

b es ide Ampe los, w i th s nake —usual ly t he ma in d e i ty i s h o ld ing t he s nake i n h is h and—and p art icipan ts i n t he Bacch ic r ou t ( 62, 6 3 ) ) .

The r est o f r el iefs

c annot b e c lass if ied b ecause o f t he ir p oor s tate o f p reservat ion .

T he c atalogue

a lso i ncludes f our r epresen tat ions o f a co ly tes o f L iber P a ter, n a me ly :

1 5

S ilenus ( 75 ), P an ( 76 , 7 7 ) a nd a s atyr ( 78 ). A r epresen tat ion o f L iber f ound a t An ta . mar ia d e P iatra ( 73 ), b u t p robably made i n a workshop a t U lp ia , i s a lso i ncluded. I n for mat ion c oncern ing t he c u l t o f L iber Pater a t S ar m izegetusa w as i nc reased c ons iderably b y t he e xcava t ions wh ich b rough t t o l i gh t t he t e mp le o f t h is d e ity i n 1 974-1975.

T he t e mp le ( l eng th :

o r ien tated n orth-sou th a nd c ons isted o f : t hree c ub icu la.

2 7.6 m ;

w id th :

2 0.2 m ) w as

v est ibu lu m , p ronaos, n aos, c e l la a nd

T he w estern r oo m , b eh ind t he c el la, was d evoted t o S ilvanus

( see u nder S i lvanus ' ) wh ile t he a l tar , i n t he t e mp le, w as f or t he c u l t o f L iber Pater.

Two i nscr ip t ions, o ne o ft he m a c hance f ind a nd t he o ther d iscovered

d ur ing t he e xcava t ions, r ecord t wo e vents i n t he h istory o f t he t e mp le.

The

f i rst , t he r estorat ion o f wh ich i s u ncerta in , r efers t o t he b u i ld ing o f at e mp le d ed icated t o L iber Pater. 43

The s econd i nscr ip t ion , w h ich w as f ound i n t he

c ourse o f e xcava t ion , men t ions t he r estorat ion o f t he t e mple af ter a d el ibera te d estruct ion . 44

T he t wo b u ild ing p hases s uggested b y t h is impor tan t i nscr ip-

t ion a re a rchaeo log ica l ly a t tested.

T he t e mp le d ates f ro m t he b eg inn ing o f t he

2 nd c en tury A .D . a nd was r ebu il t a f ter 1 70 A .D . ,a nd t hen c on t inued i n u se u n t il t he a bandonmen t o f Dac ia. Mars The g od o f war w as l ess w el l r epresen ted i n t he c iv il ian t own o f U lp ia T ra iana , w ithou t ac a mp s ituated i n i m med iate n e ighbourhood . On ly a f rag men tary r el ief , i n wh ich t he g od a ppears a lone ( 79 ) a nd a g ilded b ronze a pp l ique, c ert a in ly a n o rna men t ( 80 ), h ave s urv ived . There i s n o p rec ise i n for mat ion a s t o t he f ind-spot , f or a ccord ing t o t he i nven tory , t he p iece w as o n ly p urchased a t Vu lcan b u t n ot f ound t here , a nd c onsequen t ly i ti s p oss ible t hat i tc a me f ro m U lp ia T ra ina. 45

T he c ata logue

i ncludes a g ilded b ronze a pp l ique o f Mars ( 8 1). On ly o ne a ltar d ed icated t o t h is g od , i n t he 3 rd c en tury A .D ., i s k nown t o h ave b een f ound a t S ar m izegetusa. 46 I tw as d iscovered b y Ar iost i a nd l ost when o ne o ft he b oats c arry ing o b jec ts f ound a t S ar m izege tusa t o V ienna s ank . Mercury Con trary t o e xpectat ions, t he g od o f t rade i s n o t w el l r epresen ted a t S ar m izege tusa.

He o ccurs a lone o no ne p iece ( 82 ), t he p urpose o f wh ich i ti s

d if f icu lt t o d eter m ine. h ouse o r at e mp le. i t s d iscovery .

T h is b as-re l ief c ou ld h ave a dorned e i ther a merchan t 's

There i s n o i n for mat ion c oncern ing t he c ircu mstances o f

The image o f t he d e i ty a lso o ccurs o n ap laque w i th a l i t t le

c o lu mn ( 85 ) a nd o n f rag men t o f p ilaster ( 507 ).

Two o ther r el iefs r epresen t

Mercury a cco mpan ied b y J up iter ( 83 ) o r H ercu les ( 84) .

Mercury a lso a ppears

i nt he s cenes f ro m l egends d isp layed i n t he d ecorat ive f eatures o f t wo mosa ics ( 459 , 4 60 ).

The a l tars d ed icated t o t h is g od a re a lso s carce.

J . Mezerz ius

men t ioned a n a l tar ( CIL , I I , 1 434 ) i n ac hurch i n H eg i n t he 1 6 th c en tury ; a no ther a l tar ( CIL , I I , 1 435 ) i s r ecorded a t O strov , w h ich i s s i tua ted a f ew k ilo meters f ro m S ar m izegetusa. 47 The s a me s i tuat ion i s e ncoun tered a t Apu lu m , w here Mercury i s r epresen ted o n ly o n o ne a l tar 48

a nd b y af ew s tatuet tes a nd r el iefs . 4 9

1 6

Minerva Minerva , l ike Mars a nd Mercury , i s n o t c o m mon ly r epresen ted .

The t wo

b ronze p ieces r epresen t ing t he g oddess a re n ot c onclus ive e v idence f or t he c u l t o f Minerva a t S ar m izegetusa.

One o f t he m i s l ost a nd i s b r ief ly men t ioned i n

t he i nven tory o f t he Banat Museu m a t T im i para ( 87 ), a nd t he o ther i s a n a pp l ique u sed a s d ecora t ion o n a wooden o b ject ( 88 ). One i t em i s t he f rag men tary r el ief i n Deva Museu m ( 86 ). t he d e ity i s p r im it ive a nd r ough ly worked . i s c o mp letely u n f in ished.

T he image o f

T he l ines a re r ig id a nd t he work

T he l ef t h and o f t he g oddess e x tended o u tside t he

f i eld o f t he r e l ief a nd t he ow l i s s queezed i nb etween t he d e ity a nd t he f ra me. Th is r el ief c an b e c ons idered a s t he r esu l t o f a n u n successfu l a tte mpt b y a n ov ice o r ar e ject f ro m a s cu lp ture workshop o n S ar m izege tusa. There a re t hree a l tars d evo ted t o Minerva a lone a t S ar m izegetusa , s how ing t he e x istence o fh er c u l t a t U lp ia Tra iana.

5°

Her i mage i s a lso r epre-

s en ted i n a mosa ic f ro m S ar m izegetusa ( 459 ). We men t ion a lso a f rag men tary b as-rel ief f ound a t Apu lum w h ich c ou ld h ave b een made i n o ne o f t he workshops a t U lp ia T ra iana. C . Bä lu ta r eaches t h is c onclus ion , t ak ing i n to c ons iderat ion t hat t he b as-rel ief h as b een s cu lpted f ro m t he marble o f Bucova. 5 1 N e mesis Th is d e i ty w as worsh ipped a t S ar m izege tusa i n at e mp le s ituated t o t he e ast o f t he amph itheatre , w h ich w as f ound d ur ing e xcavat ions c arr ied o u tb y G . Tegläs, P . K iräly a nd G . S z in te i n 1 892. 5 2

The o r ig ina l e xcavators g ave n o

i n for mat ion c oncern ing t h is t e mp le e xcep t f or a p lan p ubl ished b y G . S zin te. For t h is r eason t he a u thor c arr ied o u t s o me t r ia l s ound ings i n t he a u tu mn o f 1 977 i n o rder t o v er ify t he p er iods o f t he t e mp le c onstruct ion .

5 3

On t h is o c-

c as ion , t wo f rag men tary r el iefs ( 101, 1 02 ) w ere r ecovered w i th many o ther o b jects.

These f inds s how t ha t n ew e xcavat ions a re n eeded i n t h is a rea.

An importan t i nscr ipt ion ( CIL , I I , 1 547 )5 4 was f ound b y A . F . Mars igl i a t t he e nd o ft he 1 7th c en tury , n ear S ar m izege tusa , a t as i te i den t if ied b y s o me a u thors a s Pons August i. 5 5

I ti s t he f oundat ion i nscr ip t ion o f at e mp le

d ed icated t o N e mes is, e rected b y Ael ius D iogenes a nd S il ia Va ler ia f or t he c o l leg iu m o f u tr icu lar i i .It i s l ess l ike ly t hat a s econd t e mp le w as b u ilt a t Marga ( t he s upposed s i te o f P ons August i was p robably s itua ted n earby ), a t a d istance o f l ess t hen 3 0 km t o t he w est o fS ar m izege tusa , w here a t e mp le d ed icated t o t he g oddess o f f a te i s s ecurely a t tested .

I ti s v ery l ikely t ha t

t he i nscr ipt ion w as c arr ied h ere f ro m n earby t own , w h ich w as most p robably U lp ia T ra iana o r , l ess p robably , T ib iscum. 56 S ixteen v o t ive r e l iefs w ere f ound d ur ing t he e xcava t ions c arr ied o u t i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is i n t he l ast c entury. -5 7

The a u thor h as i den t if ied 1 5 o f t he m

i n t he museu ms o f S ar m izege tusa a nd Deva ;

t he p ieces f ound b y t he a u thor

must b e a dded t o t h is n u mber. Four o f t he 1 7 p ieces a re f rag men ts o f l i tt le s ign if icance ; t he r e ma in ing 1 3 p ieces, i nclud ing d ed ica t ions, a re much more impor tan t. I n a dd i t ion t o t he monumen ts men t ioned a bove, 7 a l tars d ed icated t o N e mes is a re k nown f ro m U lp ia Tra iana. 5 8

1 7

I n c onc lusion , t he c u lt o f N e mes is a t S ar m izege tusa i s a ttested b y 2 5 s cu lpt ures o r i nscr ip t ions. amph i thea tre i n Dac ia;

Th is i s e xp l icab le b y t he e x istence h ere o f t he l argest i ti s k nown t hat N e mes is w as p ar t icu larly worsh ipped

b y s o ld iers a nd g lad iators. Ano ther t e mp le o f N e mesis i s a t tested b y a n i nscr ip t ion f rom S uc idava i n Dac ia I n fer ior. 59 Monu men ts r epresen t ing N e mes is h ave a lso b een f ound a t Ro mu la ( s tatue tte ) , " C 4e i ( two a ltars )6 1 a nd Apu lu m ( s tatue ). 6 2 P lu to a nd Proserp ina The c atalogue c on ta ins d eta ils o f f our r e l iefs o f t hese d e it ies. p iece ( 106 ) b ears a d ed icat ion w ith t he n a mes o f t he d e it ies.

The f i rst

F r. S tudn iczka

f i rst p ubl ished r el iefs n os. 1 07 a nd 1 08, b u t wrong ly a t tr ibu ted.

B . K uszin-

s zky n o t iced t he e rror a nd c orrec ted i t .6 3 Dur ing e xcavat ions , G . T eg läs f ound t wo r el iefs ( 107 , 1 09 ) i n a n e d if ice l a ter c ons idered b y h im t o h ave b een at e mp le o f P lu to a nd Proserp ina .

A s i s u sua l , i den t if ica t ion o f t he s i te i s v ery

g enera l a nd i mprec ise , merely t o t he e ast o f t he t own wa l l a nd o f t he amph it heatre.

The s i te p roposed b y C . Da icov ic iu , t o t he n orth-east o f t he amph i-

t heatre 6 4 ,i s c loser t o t he t ru th.

Dur ing t he e xcavat ion s c arr ied o u t i n 1 977 ,

t he a u thor f ound a b u i ld ing i n t he s ect ion d ug t o t he n orth-east o f t he amph it heatre. T he p recise f unc t ion o f t h is e d if ice , w h ich m igh t h ave b een t he t e mp le u nder d iscuss ion , w as n o t d eter m ined. S ilvanus I n t er ms o ff igured r epresen tat ions , t he c u l t o f S i lvanus i s a ttested b y 9 b as-re l iefs w h ich s how t he g od e ither a lone o r a cco mpan ied. T hree d ist inct t ypes c an b e d ist ingu ished.

T he f i rst c ategory i ncludes t he

r el iefs s how ing S i lvanus a t tended b y ad og ( 1 14-116 ); o ccurs r epeated ly o n t he r el iefs o f S ilvanus.

t h is r epresen tat ion

T he s econd t ype c on s ists o f r e-

p resen tat ions i n wh ich t he g od i s a cco mpan ied b y 3 -9 S ilvanae ( 1 10-113).

We

p resume , w ith s o me r eservat ions, t hat r e l ief n o . 12 b elongs t o t he s a me g roup o f f rag men ts l i sted a s i n c atalogue n o. 11, b u t i ti s p oss ible t hat n o. 1 13 may h ave b een a r e l ief i n wh ich S i lvanus w as r epresen ted t ogether w ith 9 S ilvanae. 65

T he l ast c ategory i ncludes t he r epresen tat ions i n wh ich S ilvanus

i s a ssoc iated w ith a nother d e i ty , s uch a s D iana ( 1 18 ). Type Ii s v ery f requen t t hroughou t t he Ro man emp ire. 6 6 Type I , S i lvanus a nd S i lvanae , i s e ncoun tered i n D al mat ia a nd P annon ia b u t t here a re s o me c lear d if ferences b etween t he monu men ts o f t h is t ype i n t hose p rov inces a nd t hose f ound a t S arm izegetusa . 67 T he U lp ian monu men t man ifests i t se lf t hrough i t s o r ig ina l ity o f r epresen ta t ion i n wh ich S i lvanus i s s hown t urned t owards t he n ine f o l lowers w ith g ra in c rowns i n t he ir h ands . F or t h is r eason , I . P iso a nd A . R usu c ons ider t ha t "t he manner o f p last ic r epresen ta t ion i s al oca l i nnova t ion"

( A MN , X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 57 ) .

T he f i gure

o f S i lvanus a cco mpan ied b y D iana s ee ms t o b e aD a l ma to-Pannon ian i n f luence . 6 8 The p resence o f 9r el iefs a t S ar m izege tusa , o u t o f at o tal o f 1 6 f ro m t he who le o f Dac ia ,

6 9

c anno t b e a cciden ta l , a nd l eads u s t o s uppose t he e x is tence

o f ac u l t o f S i lvanus i n U lp ia Tra iana . The c en tre o f t h is c ul t s ee ms t o h ave b een i n t he w estern c ub icu lu m o ft he t e mp le o f L iber P ater ; 7 0 1 11-113, 17 a nd o ne a l tar w ere f ound i n t h is r oo m.

1 8

r el iefs n os.

Ano ther c u l t c en tre was e xcavated t o t he s ou th o f t he t e mp le o f L iber Pater i n 1 976.

The o n ly s cu lpture f ound i n t h is b u ild ing w as a w e l l-preserved r e l ief

( 110 ) wh ich s hows S i lvanus t ogether w ith 9 S ilvanae.

Th is d iscovery i nd icates

t he e x istence o f at e mp le d evo ted e xclus ively t o S i lvanus , d esp i te o f t he f act t hat n o s uch e d if ice i s k nown t o h ave e x isted a nywhere i n t he emp ire. The f i nal b u ild ing p hase o f t he e d if ice d ates t o t he 3 rd c en tury A .D . ,a nd t he r e l ief was f ound i n t he d ebr is o f t h is p hase. t o d ate t he r e l ief t o t he s a me c en tury.

Con sequen t ly w e a re i ncl ined

The r el iefs d iscovered i n t he w estern

c ub icu lu m o ft he t e mp le o f L iber P ater s hou ld b e d ated t o t he s a me p er iod a s t he p ieces f ound i n t he e d if ice men t ioned a bove , t ak ing i n to a ccoun t t he a rt ist ic a nd t ypo log ical r ese mblances b etween t he m. 7 1 Accord ing t o t he s trat igraphy o f t he w estern r oo m a nd i ndeed t hat o f t he who le t e mp le o f L iber P ater , t wo b u i ld ing p hases c an b e d iscerned .

T hese

p hases a re a lso d ocumen ted b y t he i n scr ip t ion c o m me morat ing t he r estorat ion o f t he t e mp le.

7 2

The r e l iefs w ere f ound i n t he l eve l l ing f i l l wh ich s ucceeded

t he f i rst p hase , wh ich e nded i nA .D . 1 70 , t he y ear o f t he Marco mann ic i nvasion . A f ter t h is e ven t , t he t e mp le w as r estored a nd t he i nscr ip t ion s et u p o n t h is o ccas ion i s d ed icated o n ly t o L iber Pater.

A t t he s a me t ime , t he e d if ice i n

wh ich r el ief n o. 1 10 w as f ound w as b u i l t a bove a n e arl ier b u i ld ing.

I t was

d es igned f or a s acred f unct ion i n t h is p hase. The f act t hat t he p ieces b e long t o t he s a me t ypo log ical c a tegory a l lows u s t o e stabl ish a c lose c hrono log ical r elat ionsh ip b etween t he m , a lthough t hey c a me f ro m d iferen t a rchaeo log ical d epos its a nd s trat igraph ical s i tuat ions.

Further

e xcavat ions i n t he z one o f t he s o-cal led t e mp le o f S ilvanus w il l c erta in ly t hrow n ew l i gh t o n t he d ate a nd f unc t ion o f t he b u ild ing.

Un t il t hen , we must d ate

r el ief n o . 1 10 t o t he e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury o r t he b eg inn ing o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D . ,a nd t he p ieces f ound i nt he t e mp le o f L iber P ater t o t he s econd h alf o f t he 2 nd c en tury . Venus The r epresen tat ions o f Venus i n D ac ia s how w ithou t a ny d oubt t he p opu lar it y o fh er c u l t i n t he p rov ince. T here a re r elat ive ly f ew i nscr ip t ions d ed icated t o t h is d e i ty a t Apu lum ,

7 4

N apoca 7 5 o r Hercu lane. 7 6 T he s carc ity o f i nscr ip t ions m igh t b e e xp la ined b y t he of ic ial c haracter o f h er c u l t ; s he g ave b irth t o t he Ro man p eop le ( Genet r ix ) a nd was t he p atroness o f t he J u l io-Claud ian d ynasty .

7 7

I n c on trast t o t he i nscr ip t ions, t he f i gured r epresen tat ion s o f Venus a re v ery n umerous i n Dac ia. o r s tone s cu lptures,

7 8

They a re e ncoun tered e verywhere :

b ronzes ,

7 9

v ot ive r el iefs

t erra-co t tas 80 a nd e ngraved g e ms.

I ti s n ot iceable t hat s o me r epresen tat ions c o me f ro m f orts. 8 2

8 1

The p re-

s ence o f h er image i n am i l itary e nv ironmen t c an b e e xp la ined n o t o n ly b y t he f act t hat t he s o ld iers a dm ired b eau ty 8 3 b u t t hey a lso worsh ipped h er a s t he f oundress o f t he d ynasty o f Augustus a nd t he p ro tector o f t he emperor. 8 4

S o

f ar , 1 5 r epresen tat ions o f Venus h ave b een f ound i n f orts .8 5 Twe lve s cu lp tures , a l l f rag men tary , a re k nown f ro m U lp ia T ra iana : s tone ( 1 19 , 1 20 ) , 3c ast i nb ronze ( 121-123 ), a nd 7 t erraco ttas ( 124-130 ). i conography i s n or ma l ;

2o f The

t he p ieces b ear t he mark s o f t he u sual u nsoph ist icated

1 9

7 3

s ty le o f Ro man p rov incial a rt. O f t hese , " Venus U lp iana" 8 6

i s e xcep t iona l ( 121 );

i ti s c ons idered a s o ne o f t he most b eau t i fu l b ronze s tatuettes t o h ave b een f ound i n Dac ia.

T he i mage o ft he g oddess o ccurs a lso i n a mosa ic ( 459 ).

OR IENTAL AND EGYPT IA N DEIT IES I n t he d if fus ion o f c u l ts i n Dac ia , t he O r ien tal c u lt s t ake s econd p lace a f ter t he Ro man .8 7

Abou t o ne-f if th o f t he s acred i nscr ip t ions s o f ar f ound i n t he e n-

t i re p rov ince a re d evo ted t o t hese d e it ies ; 8 8 a t U lp ia T ra iana.

a nd t he s a me p ropor t ion i s f ound

T h is c an b e e xp la ined n o t o n ly b y t he s ett le men t o f O r ien tal

c o lon ists b u t a lso b y t he a dhes ion o f t he m idd le c lasses t o t hese c u lts, w ith t he ir s pectacu lar f easts a nd myster ious c ere mon ies wh ich w ere s o d iferen t f ro m t he a ustere Ro man b el iefs .8 9 The O r ien ta l c u lts h ave a t tracted t he a tten t ion o f s cho lars t o a n e ven g reater e x ten t t han t he Ro man o nes a nd many s tud ies h ave b een d evo ted t o t he m.

9 0

However , many q uest ions r e ma in o pen , e spec ia l ly t hose o ft he p enetra t ion a nd d ifus ion o f t hese c u l ts i n D ac ia , a nd t he p os it ion a nd e thn ic o r ig in s o f t he ir worsh ippers. A tt is a nd Cybele Magna Deum Mater 9 1

i s s hown o n t hree s cu lp tures f ro m Dac ia :

al arge

s tatue ( 1 33 ) a nd t wo s tatuet tes ( 134-135 ) , o ne o f w h ich i s o f b ronze ( 1 35 ).

S o

f ar t here a re n o i nscr ip t ions a t test ing t he c u l t o f Cybele a t S ar m izegetusa , b u t t he s tatue f ound t here ( 1 33 ) m ight h ave c o me f ro m a t e mp le d ed icated t o Cybele, i n v iew o f i t s s ize.

Her c u l t i s a ttested i n D ac ia S uper ior , where i nscr ip t ions

a nd r epresen tat ions o f t h is d e ity a re f a ir ly f requen t .

9 2

I n c on trast t o o ther

O r ien tal c u l ts, w h ich a re l ess d ocu men ted o r c o mp letely a bsen t i n Dac ia I n fer ior ,

9 3

t he c u l t o f Cybele i s f a ir ly w el l a ttested i n t h is p rov ince b y at e mp le

a t Drobeta , N ou .

9 4

p robably a no ther a t S uc idava 9 5 a nd s tatues a t Ro mu la a nd C ioro iu

9 6

At t is ,

9 7

who w as t he f avour i te o f Cybe le a nd f or t h is r eason h as b een t reated

t oge ther w ith t he g oddess, i s r epresen ted e spec ial ly o n f unerary monu men ts a t S ar m izege tusa.

The o n ly s tatue o f A tt is k nown i n D ac ia c o mes f ro m S uc i-

d ava a nd c an b e c ons idered a ma jor a rgumen t f or t he e x istence o f at e mp le d ev oted t o t h is d e ity t here.

9 8

J up iter Do l ichenus A d iscuss ion o f t he c u l t o f J up i ter Do l ichenus a t S ar m izege tusa i s s uperf l uous f o l low ing S . S an ie 's p ubl icat ion o f aw e l l-documen ted s tudy d evo ted t o t h is c u l t i n D ac ia , i n wh ich U lp ia T ra iana i s a dequate ly c overed .

9 9

We c an

a dd t wo p ieces wh ich were n o t k nown t o t hat a u thor ( 139, 1 41) . Mi thras We a lso c ons ider i tu nnecessary t o d iscuss t he c u l t o f M ithras a t S ar m izeg etusa , s ince t he s ub ject i s wel l-known ow ing t o t he p rest ig ious a nd a u thor i tat ive work s p ubl ished b y F r. Cu mon t a nd M . J . Ver maseren .

1 00

The p ieces

d escr ibed b y M. J . Ver maseren a re t herefore o n ly men t ioned i n t he b ibl iog raphy , a nd w e h ave h ere i l lustrated t he b est p reserved i t e ms. The f o l low ing p ieces h ave b een a dded t o 1 02 Mithra ic s cu lptura l monu men ts

2 0

f ro m S ar m izegetusa l i sted b y M. J . Ver maseren :

t hree monu men ts ( 226, 2 27 ,

2 36 ) d escr ibed b y P . K iräly , b u t n o t i ncluded i n Ver maseren 's work ; a monumen t wh ich w as i n t he c o l lect ion o f A . Vdrady , d escr ibed b y J . F . N e igebaur ( 251);

ar el ief c ons idered b y M. J . Ver maseren t o h ave c o me f ro m M ic ia ( M.

J . Ver maseren , C I MR M , I , n os. 2 020-2021), b u t whose p rovenance i s S ar mmizege tusa a ccord ing t o J . F . N e igebaur ( 249 );

ap iece n ow i n O l ten ia ( 248 )

a nd p laced a t my d isposal b y Prof . I . I . Russu ( I . I . Russu , Drobe ta , I I , 1 977 , i n p ress) ;

t wo r e l iefs r ecen t ly f ound a t S ar m izege tusa ( 246, 2 47 ) ;

a nd a n u n-

p ub l ished r e l ief i n C lu j Museu m ( 250) . The monu men t b rough t f ro m Do ta t t o Deva Museum a lso c a me f ro m U lp ia T ra iana ( 252 ) , a s i s s hown b y s ty l ist ic s im ilar i t ies w ith o ther monumen ts f ro m S ar m izege tusa a nd b y t he s tone , wh ich i s marb le f ro m Bucova.

1 °1

I fw e a dd t hese 1 0 monumen ts p resen ted b y u s , t he n u mber o f s cu lp tural p ieces d ed icated t o M ithras a t S ar m izegetusa t o tals 12. I s is a nd S erap is These Egyp t ian d e it ies a re d ocu men ted b y i nscr ip t ions a nd f i gured monumen ts a t S ar m izege tusa. I s is i s r epresen ted b y t wo s ta tue t tes ( 254-255) , v ery a r t ist ica l ly embe l l ished ; t he e x istence o f at e mp le d evoted t o I s is i n t he c i ty ( CIL , I I , 7 907 ) e xp la ins t he p resence o f s evera l a l tars f ound t here . 1 02

The

I den t if ica t ion o f t he a c tua l s i te o f t h is t e mp le w ou ld c er ta in ly b r ing t o l i gh t n ew i nscr ip t ions a nd s cu lp tures a ssoc ia ted w ith t he c u l t o f I s is . S erap is i s a t tested o n ly b y a smal l b ust ( 256 ) , w h ich i s t hough t t o h ave c o me f ro m S ar m izegetusa o n t he b as is o f i n for mat ion a bou t i t s f ind-spo t ( "Tara HaIegu lu i" ).

T he f ind ing o f t wo a l tars h ere a lso s uggests t h is s i te.

I ng eneral , t he i conography o f t he t wo d e it ies i s p oor i n Dac ia.

1 03

I s is i s

a lso d ep icted o n al a mp f ro m Poro l issu m a nd i s a cco mpan ied b y S erap is o n a g em f ound a t Romu la .1 04 S erap is i s a t tested b y t wo s cu lptures f ro m S uc idava a nd Po ta issa ,

1 05

a nd

t wo mou lds f ro m Apu lu m a nd C r iste t i .1°6 S ar m izege tusa h as p roduced t he l argest n u mber o f o b jects c onnected w ith t h is d eity o f a ny s i te i n Dac ia .1°7 BA LKA NO-DA NUBIA N DEIT IES Th is s ect ions d eals w i th t he d e it ies f ound e spec ial ly i n t he Ba lk an a rea a nd p re-e m inen t ly i n D ac ia. The c u l t o f t he D anub ian r iders a ttested b y s tone o r metal v ot ive r el iefs, d eveloped p ar t icu lar ly i n D ac ia a nd Moes ia f ro m t he 2 nd c en tury A . D .

1"

A

f urther c o m men tary wou ld b e s uperf luous , s ince D . Tudor h as p ub l ished a f unda men tal work o n t he c u lt o f t he Danub ian r iders.

1 09

The T hrac ian h orse man ( Heros ) , whose c u l t w as w idely s pread t hroughou t t he Ba lkan p en insu la , i s a t tested b y 7r e l iefs a t S ar m izege tusa.

Th is e n ig ma-

t i c d e ity w as ma in ly worsh ipped b y t he Thraco-Moes ian s o ld iers ,10 p robab ly a dopted b y t he l ocal p opu lat ion t oo.

a nd w as

The p oor q ual ity o f t he a rt ist ic

e xecu t ion o f t he p ieces s uggests a c heap l ocal p roduct .

N o. 2 68 c o mes f ro m

S äla u l d e S us, b u t w as p robably manu factured i n a workshop a t U lp ia Tra iana.

2 1

A q u i te s epara te c ategory c ons ists o f e n throned " de it ies" ( 269-272 ).

T he

f ind-spo ts o f t hese p ieces a re n o t k nown , e xcep t f or o ne d escr ibed a s " a t errac ot ta b as-re l ief w ith t he image o f a wo man a nd a man" , t en tat ive ly i den t if ied b y u s a s o ne o ft he t erraco t tas i n t he c atalogue wh ich were f ound i nt he t e mp le o f P lu to a nd Proserp ina.

T hey may b e ag enu ine r epresen tat ion o f t he

11

s ubterranean g ods , a nd t h is v iew r ece ives s o me s l igh t s upport f ro m t he t en tat ive i den t if icat ion w i th t he p iece f ound i n t he p resumed t e mp le o f P lu to a nd Proserp ina. S everal o f t hese r epresen tat ions, wh ich a re v ery s im ilar t o o ne a nother , a re k nown f ro m D ac ia.

12

Among t he e ar l ier a t te mp ts t o i den t ify

t he m , t he h ypo thes is p u t f orward b y C . Da icov ic iu s ee ms t o b e t he most p laus ib le.

Accord ing t o t h is a u thor , t hey r epresen t n at ive d e it ies.

13

We d o n o t d eal i n t h is work w ith t he n at ive c u l ts o f Ro man D ac ia ,

14

b ut i t

s hou ld b e n oted t hat t he r epresen tat ion s o f S i lvanus f ro m D ac ia s how s o me l ocal i nd iv idual ity . They d ifer i n s o me s ty l ist ic d eta ils f ro m t hose e ncoun tered e lsewhere i n t he emp ire.

The p opu lar ity e n joyed b y h is c u lt i n D ac ia , p erhaps

d ue i n p ar t t o t he a ss im i lat ion o f aD ac ian d e ity , i s s hown b y t he e x istence o f at e mp le f or h is worsh ip . U n fortuna tely , t here a re n o f igured r epresen tat ions o f Dac ian d e it ies , s ince t he c usto m o f d ep ict ing t he images o f g ods w as n o t p ract iced b y t he D ac ians. I ti s t herefore v ery d i ff icu l t t o r ecogn ize i n terpre tat io r o mana i n D ac ia , a l though t wo b ronze mask s , w h ich a re t en tat ively c ons idered t o r epresen t n a t ive d e it ies , 15 a nd a b ronze medal l ion o f D iana,

16

a re k nown t o h ave b een f ound i n t he p rov ince.

However , s o me D ac ian d e i t ies wh ich a ppear i n Ro man f or ms h ave b een i den t if i ed ,

1 17

b y e l im inat ing t he t ypes wh ich a re k nown f ro m o ther p rov inces o f t he

emp ire , a nd o n t he b asis o f v ar ious e p ithets i n t he c ase o f i nscr ip t ions , o r o f s o me u nusual e le men ts i n t he c ase o f s cu lp tures.

T h is me thod h as b een u sed

i n t he c ases o f S ilvanus a ttended b y S y lvanae , a nd t he e n throned d e it ies, whose i den t i f icat ion i s v ery d if icu l t a nd u ncerta in b ecause t he ir i mage i s i nde ter m ina te a nd w ithou t s pec if ic s ymbo ls. We c ons ider t hese d e it ies t o b e n at ive o n ly b ecause t he t ype i s u n ique t o t he Dac ia.

Th is a rgumen t wou ld b e o ver turned w ere s im i lar p ieces f ound i n o ther

p rov inces o f t he emp ire. MYTHOLOG ICA L F IGURES We w il l d eal i n t h is s ect ion w ith m inor d e it ies o f t he Graeco-Ro man Pan theon , who p layed a s econdary r o le i n r e l ig ious l i fe , a l though t he ir worsh ip i s f a ir ly w idespread t hroughou t t he Ro man wor ld. My tho log ical f i gures h ave b een f ound a t U lp ia Tra iana. b ronze s tatuette o f ac en taur 1 18 v ery f ine work mansh ip.

T he f rag men tary

( 273 ) f ound t here i s u n ique i n D ac ia a nd i s o f

A s r egards g en i i ,

19

t here i s ab as-re l ief o f Eros

( 274 ) a nd t wo r epresen tat ions o f w inged g en i i ( 275, 2 76 ) ,L ares ( 277 , 2 78 ) a nd T hanatos ( 279 , 2 80 ). Desp ite t he many s cu lptures o f g en i i wh ich h ave b een f ound i n D ac ia, n o s pec ial s tudy d evo ted t o t he m h as y et b een p ubl ished ;

t he d if feren t r epresen ta-

t ions a re i n i so lated p ub l icat ions .1 20 I n a ny c ase , ap rec ise d ist inct ion b etween t he d if feren t a t tr ibu tes a nd f unct ions o f t hese s econdary d e it ies i s n ot p oss ible 2 1 The b as-rel ie f d ep ict ing E ros i s f rag men tary ;

2 2

t he s cene a ttended b y Eros i s

n ot p reserved .

T he w inged Gen i i1 22

a re o fb ronze , w h ich i s c o m mon ly u sed

f or s uch f i gur ines. T he t wo s tatuet tes o f L ares f ound a t U lp ia T ra iana a re r e markably b eau t if u l .

E igh t s cu lptural r epresen tat ions o f t hese d e i t ies,

i nclud ing 2 f ro m

1 23

U lp ia , w ho a re p rotectors o f t he f am i ly h o me , a re s o f ar k nown f ro m Dac ia. One r epresen ts a L ar a s ac h i ld ; ( Lares l uden tes )1 24

h e b elongs t o t he c ategory o f d anc ing L ares

o f t he L ar c o mp ita l is t ype ( 277 ); 1 25

t he o ther d ep icts t he

d e ity a s ay ou th a nd i s o f t he L ar f am il iar is t ype ( 278 ).126 Hypnos-Thanatos ,

1 27

t he w inged g en ius o f d eath , o ccurs f requen t ly i n t he

f unerary a rt b o th o f t he emp ire i n g enera1 1 28

a nd o f D ac ia i n p ar t icu lar.

1 29

The image o f Gorgon- Medusa 1 3 °o ccurs o n 7 monumen ts a t U lp ia Tra iana ( 281-287 ) a nd o n s everal c ap itals a nd f unerary monumen ts. A g ilded b ron ze a pp l ique 1 31

( 284 ) i s at yp ical e xa mp le o f Ro man p rov inc ial a rt i n Dac ia.

2 3

CHAPTER I STATUES OF EMPERORS AND SOLD IERS

The i mper ial c u l t was h ighly h onoured i n Dac ia a s i n t he o ther p rov inces o f t he Ro man emp ire.

A f a ir ly l arge n u mber o f f rag men ts o f i mper ial s tatues,

e ither o f s tone o r o fb ronze , c o me f ro m t he p rov ince. H istor ians o f Ro man a r t h ave n o t a lways p a id p roper a t ten t ion t o t he s tudy o f t hese s cu lptures i n Dacia.

Af ew work s1 32

o r s pec ial c hap ters a re d evoted s pec if ical ly t o t he

s tudy o f t he f rag men tary s tatuary f ound i n e xcavat ions.

The ma jor ity o f t he

p ieces h ave b een t reated t ogether w i th t hose b elong ing t o o ther c ategor ies .1 33 The s tudy a nd d at ing o f t he f rag men ts p resen ts s o me p roble ms , b ecause t he ma jor ity a re c hance f inds o r h ave b een f ound i n i mprec ise ly d ated a nd l ocated d epos its.

A lso t he s tate o f p reservat ion i s p oor.

Desp i te t h is , s o me h eads o f s tatues i n Ro man ian Museu ms h ave b een i dent i f ied a nd a ttr ibu ted t o emperors, o n t he b as is o f t he ir i conography a nd t he s tudy o f o ther p or tra its . T he p or tra its o f C arca l la ,1 34 J u l ia D o mna ( p iece f ro m P oro l issu m ) , F aust ina J un ior ,

1 38

1 35

J u l ia D o mna ( p iece f ro m Drobe ta) 1 36

Tra jan D ec ius,

1 37

An ton inus P ius, Marcus A ure l ius, P er t inax , S everus

A lexander a nd G a l l ienus . 1 39 I n a dd it ion many f rag men ts o f l i fe-s ize s tone s ta tues h ave n o t b een i den t if ied . S o me a re e i ther f ragmen ts o f t he a na to my o r a re h ead less, a nd f or t h is r eason t h is c hap ter i nc ludes t he s tatues o f s o ld iers wh ich may p oss ib ly , b efore t hey were b roken , h ave r epresen ted emperors . The a u thor i den t if ied a s tatuary f rag men t among t ne s tone s cu lp tures f ound a t U lp ia T ra iana :

ah and h o ld ing a n o rb ( 288 ).

I ti s a t tr ibu ted t o t h is imper ial

c ategory b ecause t he o rb i s t he s y mbo l o f s upre me p ower • 140 I ti s more d if icu l t t o i den t ify t he p laces w here t he monu men tal s cu lptural works w ere model led o r c ast i nb ronze. i s r e markable i n a l l b u t af ew c ases.

T he e xcel lence o f t he a r t ist ic f or m

We c ons ider t hat a l l t he p ieces f ound

i n Ro man Dac ia w ere impor ted p roducts made i n workshops s i tuated i n t he c en tral r eg ions o f t he emp ire , e spec ial ly i n I t aly , a nd w ere b rough t t o D ac ia where s o me o f t he m w ere a sse mb led , 1 41 s tatue o f Carcal la f ro m Poro l issu m. 1 42 s e mb led a nd l a ter mended.

f or e xa mp le t he we l l-known e questr ian Many p ieces w ere imperfect ly a s-

I n s ay ing t h is , we d o n ot d im in ish t he mer it o f t he

l ocal a rt isans who s pec ial ized i nb ronze-work ing , b u t t h is b ranch o f Ro man p rov inc ia l a r t i n D ac ia i s c haracter ized b y smal l-scale work s, o f ten awkward ly made , a s i s s hown b y t he n u merous e xa mp les f ound i n t he n or th-Danub ian a rea. We c ons ider t hat a l l t he f rag men ts r epresen t ing a nato m ical d eta i ls o f c o lossal b ronze s tatues b e longed t o i mper ial s tatuary .

We d o n o t b el ieve t hat t he l i fe-

s ize s tatues o f d e it ies, mag istrates, s o ld iers o r p r ivate p ersons f ro m Dac ia 1 43 w ere o rdered a nd made b eyond t he b oundar ies o f t he p rov ince , f or t he t echn ique o f mak ing mou lds a nd c ast ing i nb ronze w as c o mpl icated a nd e xpens ive , a nd f ur ther more t he i n tense e xp lo itat ion o f t he s tone q uarr ies p rov ided a n a l ternat ive mater ial w h ich w as r ead ily a va ilable a nd e as ily worked. 2 4

I n a dd i t ion t o t he f ive l arge b ronze f rag men ts f ound a t U lp ia Tra iana ( 2892 93 ) , t he f o l low ing p ieces b elong ing t o t h is c ategory o f s tatuary a nd w ere d isc overed i n Dac ia : n ot b e r estored :

4a t Apu lum ( cal iga ,

7 3 f rag men ts o f as tatue wh ich c an-

1 44

t wo f rag men ts o f h ands 1 45

a nd a f inger ); 1 46

( a f orear m a nd t he l ef tf oot , af o ld o f ac loak ; s a me s tatue ); 1 47

1a t N apoca ( a f i nger )

t he h i l t-guard o f sword ; d ep ict ing Medusa :

4a t Drobeta ( a l ef t h and h o ld ing

ap teryx s how ing t he g od Danub ius;

a no ther p teTxx

t hese p ieces may b e long t o s tatue p oss ibly o f T ra jan ;1 49

t he h ead o f J u l ia D o mna ;150 h and ); 1 52

; 1 48

3a t S uc idava

a l l f rag men ts b elong ing t o t he

1a t Gherla ( a r igh t h and )1 5 ;1

1a t I ablan i la ( a f inger )1 53

1a t Hogh iz ( a

8a t Poro l issu m ( a mask o f C araca l la ' s

f ace a nd t he r igh t a rm o f t he emperor , ar igh t f oot , t he l ower p art o f t he r ight f oreleg o f ah orse , t he r igh t e ye o f a n a n i mal , p art o f t he l ef t l eg o f h orse , ap art o f t he emperor 's c loak : Caracal la; 1 54

a l l f rag men ts b e long t o a n e questr ian s tatue o f

a lso a f rag men t o f ab ust o f empress J u l ia Do mna ); 1 55

P raetoriu m ( t he u pper p art o f ah ead ); 1 56

1a t

o ver 3 000 f rag men ts a t Räcar i ( f ro m

t wo s tatues, o ne p erhaps r epresen t ing E lagaba lus ); 1 57

5a t Ro mu la ( t he

o rna men t o f ac u irass , t he l ower p art o f al ea . ar ight h and , ar igh t e ar , a nd t hree f ingers ); 1 58 2 00 f rag men ts a t S läven i; 1 59 1f ragmen t a t S to ln icen i ( a l arge f rag men t o f ac u irassed s tatue ) l i fe-s ize s tatue ); 1 61

; 1 60

1a t Po ta issa ( t he r igh t f oot o f a

a nd a p iece whose f ind-spo t i n Transy lvan ia i s n o t k nown .

1 62

I t s hou ld b e n o ted t hat t hese imper ial s tatues w ere e special ly f ound i n t owns p rov ided w ith m il i tary f ort if icat ions o r f orts, e xcep t f or S ar m izegetusa a nd Ro mu la ( t he f rag men t f ound a t N apoca i s n o t s ign if ican t ). s et t le men ts w i th a n a ct ive e cono m ic l i fe.

T hese w ere c iv il ian

The f ind ing o f a n im mense p alace

o f Augusta les , as acerdo tal o rder who worsh ipped t he imper ial c u l t , 1 63 e xp la ins t he f inds i n t he c atalogue.

We r e me mber t he c o lossa l b ase o f a marble s tatue ,

f ound i nt he c ourtyard o f t h is impos ing e d if ice , o n wh ich t he imper ial s ta tues w ere e rected .

2 5

CHAPTER I I ANTHROPOMORPHIC AND ZOOMORPHIC F IGURES

Th is c hap ter d eals w i th t he v o t ive monumen ts d ep ict ing d e it ies who c an b e s ecurely i den t i f ied , p ieces s how ing p rofane a n thropo morph ic r epresen tat ions a nd z oo morph ic f i gures. The monu men ts o f v ar ious f unct ions d iscussed i n t h is c hap ter a re c lass if ied a ccord ing t o t he ir mater ial , a s f o l lows : s tone ( marble , g ri t-stone , l imestone ) , metal ( bronze , s i lver , g o ld ) , p ot tery a nd g lass. The p ieces a re l i sted w ith in e ach c ategory a s b as-re l iefs, s tatues , s tatuet tes e tc.

Many a re u npubl ished

a nd o thers a re o n ly b r ief ly men t ioned i n t he l i t erature .1 64 O ft he 8 9 h uman r epresen tat ions i n t he c ata logue , 7 1 a re o f s tone ( 298-368 ) , 9o fb ronze o r g ilded b ronze ( 369-377 ) , 1o f s i lver ( 378 ) , 6o f p o t tery ( 379-385 ) a nd 1 o f g lass ( 386 ). Th is c hap ter a lso i ncludes t he d raped s tatues whose h eads h ave n o t s urv ived 1 65

( 335-363 ) wh ich c an b e s ecurely i den t if ied a s f unerary , h onorary o r

v o t ive a nd a lso a s t o wh ich f i gure t hey r epresen t. A l though t he ma jor ity a re c hance f inds o r a re r ecorded w ithou t a ny p rec ise f ind-spo t t he a u thor h as s ucceeded i n i den t ify ing t he a rchaeo log ical a sse mblage a nd t hus t he f ind-spo t o f s o me p ieces. S o me c o me f ro m t he p alace o f t he Augustales ( 298-303) . A l l t hese a re f rag men tary a nd t ogether w i th t he r epres en tat ions o f t he l abours o f Hercu les ( 3 6 ) , S i lenus o n ap an ther 1 66 s o me a n i mal f i gures ( 388-391) , may h ave d ecorated t he f r ieze 1 67 p ortan t e d if ice.

( 75 ) a nd o f t hat im-

We a lso r eca l l t he p ieces f ound i n t he p rec inct o f t he c o mp lex

o f t e mp les d ed icated t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia ( 304, 3 78 , 3 81, 3 83, 3 84 ) , i n t he t e mp les o f L iber Pater ( 306, 3 67 ) , N e mes is ( 307 , 3 31) , D iana , J uno a nd Hercu les ( 365 ) , S i lvanus ( 3 66 ) , i n t he f oru m ( 375 ) a nd i n t he amph itheatre ( 386 ). One o f t he p ieces ( 320 ) t ogether w ith a m ithra ic r el ief ( 248 ) a nd s everal f unera ry l i ons ( 489 , 4 94 , 4 95 , 4 99 , 5 00 , 5 03 ) w ere t aken f ro m S ar m izegetusa t o Po iana Gor j, t o a dorn t he v i l la o f Gh. Ta tarescu, i n t he f i rst h al f o f t he 2 0th c en tury .

A v ery i n terest ing p iece w as f ound n ear S ar m izegetusa , a t Z e ican i ;1 68

u n fortunately , i t s p resen t whereabou ts i s u nknown ( 376 ). The a u thor a t te mp ted t o i den t ify , w ith s o me p robab i l ity , v ar ious f i gures a ccord ing t o t he

p ose o r a t tr ibu tes wh ich a re s t il l d iscernable o n t he p ieces ,

a s f or e xa mp le :

P roserp ina 1 69

a nd D ioscuros 1 72

( 3 11 ) , Thanatos 1 70

( 320 ) , Mercury 1 71

( 3 32 )

( 372 ).

Two p ieces a re p art icu larly i n terest ing :

as i lver p laque ( 378 ) , a nd a g lass

i n tag l io ( 386 ) wh ich s ee ms t o h ave c op ied t he r epresen tat ion o f t he emperor 's h ead f ro m t he o bverse o f ac o in .

2 6

Ab ronze d ep ict ing a s o ld ier moun t ing a n a ssau l t l adder 1 73 i n Ro man s cu lp tural a rt.

( 369 ) i s u n ique

The f i gur ine o f ag lad iator f ound a t Z e ican i1 74

b e t he h i l t o f ad agger o r t he h and le o f am irror. t he s im ilar p iece f ro m Carnun tu m 1 75

c ou ld

I t i s o f t he s a me t ype a s

a nd a s t hat i n t he B ibl io theque Na t iona le ,

Par is. 1 76 The h and le o f ab ronze l a mp r epresen t ing a Phoen ic ian mask 1 77

( 375 )

c ou ld h ave b een t he model o f as im i lar c lay l a mp f ound d ur ing t he r ecen t e xc avat ions .1 78 Three r epresen tat ions b ear i nscr ip t ion s, t wo i n L at in 1 79 o ne i n Greek 1 86

( 3 11, 3 60 ) a nd

( 321 ).

The ma jor ity o f p ieces b ear t he s ty l ist ic s igns o f p rov inc ial a r t , b u t s o me a re o ff ine workmansh ip , a s f or e xa mp le t he b as-rel ief p robably d ep ict ing Proserp ina ( 3 11) , a nd t he s tatuet tes r epresen t ing a n a th lete ( 370 ) , c h ild 1 82

1 81

a nd a

( 374 ).

T he d eta i ls o f a nato my a nd c lo th ing , t he a t tr ibu te , p erhaps a t orch , o f t he f igures o n t hree r el iefs ( 309-311) may i nd icate , b y t he ir d ist inct ive e xecu t ion , as ty le p ecu l iar t o t he s cu lp ture workshops i n U lp ia T ra iana.

S uch a l ocal

s ty le w as s uper i mposed b y t he s cu lp tors o f t he t ime o n to a g eneral Ro man mode l. We r efer t o t he f e male d e i ty , o f wh ich o n ly t he t orso h as s urv ived o n r el iefs 3 09 a nd 3 10 ;

s he i s s it t ing o n at hrone o n r e l ief 3 11.

ap al la f o lded o n t he l ef t s hou lder a nd w r ist.

S he wears a t un ica a nd

S he h o lds a l ong t orch i n h er l ef t

h and b etween h er t humb a nd f oref inger. T here a re 7 1 z oo morph ic p ieces :

4 0 o f marb le ( 387-396 ) , 8o fb ronze o r

g ilded b ronze ( 397-404 ) , o ne o f g o ld ( 405 ) , 2 1 o f p o ttery ( 406-426 ) a nd o ne o f g lass ( 4 27 ). T he ma jor ity , a nd e spec ial ly t he p ieces f ound i n t he most r ecen t e xcavat ions ( 1973-1977 ) , a re u npubl ished. t he ir f ind-spo ts a s f o l lows : t ales ( 3 88-391) ;

S ince many a re r ecen t f inds , w e k now

' Po iana S ele i '1 83

( 387 );

t he p alace o f t he Augus-

t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed icated t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia

( 398 , 4 05 , 4 08-410 , 4 12-426 );

t he t e mp le o f D iana , J uno a nd Hercu les ( 407 );

t he t e mp le o f L iber Pater ( 4 11);

t he S cho la g lad iatoru m ( 399 ) , p art ly e xcava-

t ed a nd s i tuated a bou t 4 00 m f ro m t he amph i theatre , ( 427 ). The s cene d ep icted i nb as-rel ief n o. 3 87 i s o f ap ar t icu lar i n terest : o n t he l ef t t here i s af i gure b en t o ver a n a l tar a nd i n t he c en tre , ad og r unn ing t o t he r igh t .

The i nscr ip t ion r eads:

E uhe mer [us ] p ro s a lute An ton in i/ f i l i s u i .

T he p iece c anno t b e a t tr ibu ted t o as pec if ic d e ity .

M . Bärbu lescu a nd E .

N e mes h ave p ut f orward t wo h ypo theses a bout t he s ign if icance o f t he s cene , n a me ly t ha t i ti s e i ther a v o t ive r e l ief d ed ica ted t o ad e i ty who i s n ot r epr esen ted o n i t , o r as acr if ic ia l s cene .

The f ormer h ypo thesis p roposes

Hecate a s p erhaps b e ing t he worsh ipped d e ity.

1 84

Ano ther p iece i s ad ecora-

t ion c on s ist ing o f ac har io t , t he d r iver l ean ing o n i to r h av ing h ung t he r e ins o n i t , a nd t he h ead o f a n a n telope , H ippo tragus e qu inus. The u se o f t he c ire p erdu t echn ique o f c ast ing a nd t he d ep ict ion o f a n a n telope , a n a n i mal wh ich i s n ot e ncoun tered t o t he n orth o ft he Danube , a re t he ma in a rgu men ts f or c ons ide r ing t h is p iece t o b e a n import 1 85

( 398 ).

T he l i on h ead p roto me 1 86

t he g o ld e arr ing i n t he f or m o f as nake ( 405 ) a re r e markab ly d eta i led.

2 7

( 404 ) a nd

S o me o f t he z oo morph ic r epresen tat ion s a lso s how a c harac ter ist ic s ty le , e special ly t he f rag men ts o f ar el ief , n os. 3 94 , 3 95 , d ep ic t ing a h are a nd a b ird , wh ich may p oss ibly h ave b elonged t o t he s a me s cene. The v essels d ecorated w i th s nakes i n r e l ief ( 4 11-426 ) f or m a s pec ia l c ateg ory .

Accord ing t o a n e arl ier t heory , t h is t ype o f p ot tery b elonged t o t he

c ategory o f c u l t-vessels a t tr ibu ted t o t he myster ies o f Mithras o r S abazios. They o ccur f requen t ly i n Dac ia a nd a re c o m mon ly c hance f inds. s tudy o f t h is p ot tery h as b een p ubl ished b y G . P op i l ian ,

18 8

1 87

Ad e tai led

w ho r efers e spec ial-

l y t o Dac ia I n fer ior b u t a lso d iscussed t he p ieces f ound i n Dac ia S uper ior.

D .

Benea r efers b r ief ly t o t h is t ype i n h is p ubl icat ion o f s o me e xa mp les f ound a t D robe ta.

1 89

Bo th a u thors s ubscr ibe t o t he o p in ion t hat t h is k ind o f r e l ief-

d ecorated p ot tery must h ave b een c onnected w ith t he c u l t o f M ithras. l i gh t o f r ecen t f inds f ro m S ar m izegetusa , p orted ;

1 90

I n t he

t h is o p in ion c an n o l onger b e s up-

1 4 o f 1 5 f rag men ts p resen ted i n t he c atalogue c o me f ro m t he c o mp lex

o f t e mp les d ed icated t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia a nd w ere f ound i n u na mb iguo usly d ated d epos its o f t he s econd h alf o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

T he o ther p iece

c o mes f ro m t he t e mp le o f L iber P ater ( 4 11). Th is c erta in ly d oes n o t d eny t he e x istence o f s o me r itual v esse ls d ecora ted w ith s nakes a nd c onnected w ith t he c u l t o f M ithras o r S abaz ios, b u t a t t he s a me t ime i td e monstrates w ithou t a ny d oubt t hat t h is t ype o f p o t tery w as a lso u sed r i tual ly i n t he c u l ts o f o ther d e it ies , a s f or e xa mp le Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia , i n wh ich c u l ts t he s nake a lso p layed a n i mpor tan t r o le.

1 91

No . 4 13 a lso b e longs t o t he c ategory o f v esse ls d ecorated w ith f i gures i n r el ief ; h ead.

t he s urv iv ing d ecorat ion o n t he r im c ons ists o f av ery s ty l ized r am 's T he v iew t hat t hese v esse ls w ere c onnected w ith t he c u l t o f Mercury i s

n o t b ased o n t he f ind ing o f t h is k ind o f p o t tery i n at e mp le d evo ted t o t h is g od , b u t o nt he a ssoc iat ion o f Mercury w ith t h is a n i ma1 .

1 92

Th is p iece h as a lso

b een f ound i n t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed icated t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia , i n ad epos it wh ich i s d atable t o t he f i rst h al f o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D . The f inds f ro m S ar m izegetusa s how t hat w e must t ake a more c o mprehens ive v iew b efore a t tr ibu t ing a s pec if ic t ype o f p ot tery t o ad e ity .

I ts ee ms t hat t he

v esse ls d ecora ted i n r el ief w ith s nakes b eca me c o m moner i n t he c u l t o f Aescul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia af ter t he s econd h al f o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

We may

p rov is ional ly c ons ider t hat t he p resence o f t he f rag men t d ecora ted w ith r am 's h ead i s f ortu itous.

2 8

CHAPTER I V ARCH ITECTURAL S C ULPTURES

On ly t hose o f t he l arge n umber o f a rch i tectural p ieces wh ich r epresen t a n thropo morph ic o r z oo morph ic f i gures w il l b e d iscussed i n t h is p resen t c hap ter. The f i rst c ategory c on s ists o f c ap itals , wh ich a re b oth o rna men tal a nd f unct iona l p ieces, wh ich o ccur f requen t ly i n Dacia. Marble c ap itals p redo mi na te a t S ar m izegetusa , i n c on trast t o t he r est o f Dad a ,1 93 where t h is ma teri a l i s s carcer .

The c o m monest r epresen ta t ion o n c ap ita ls i s t he h ead o f

Medusa , wh ich o ccurs o n 6p ieces ( 432-437 ) o f t he 8 d escr ibed i n t he c a ta logue . Two c ap ita ls ( 436, 4 39) a re d ecora ted w ith r a ms ' h eads a nd o ne r epresents al i on ' sh ead ( 436) . A r are a nd i n terest ing p iece i s t he f rag men tary c ap i tal d ecorated w ith t he f igure o f J up iter Am mon ( 4 38 ).

An e arl ier a nd v ery b r ief d escr ip t ion men t ions

t he f ind ing o f a" frag men t o f c o lu mn w ith t he h ead o f Ha m mon" 1 94

i n t he w es-

t ern a rea o f t he c i ty , i n ab u ild ing b u il t a ga inst t he i ns ide f ace o f t he c i ty wal l. On th isbas is t he b u i ld ing was i den t if ied a s at e mp le d evoted t o Be l Ha m mon .1 95 S ince n o r epresen tat ions o f Bel Ha m mon a re s oT ar k nown a t l east i n Dac ia , t he a u thor n ow s uggests t hat t he c ap ital d ecorated w ith t he h ead o f J up i ter Am mon i s t he p iece wh ich w as f ound i n 1 883 a nd s ubsequen t ly l ost.

We may

p rov is ional ly c ons ider t hat t he i den t if icat ion o f t he b u ild ing men t ioned a bove a s at e mp le d ed icated t o J up iter Am mon , s o le ly o n t he b as is o f as ing le c ap ital , i s v ery u ncerta in .

1 96

T he f i gures o f J up iter Am mon , p ar t icu larly o n f unerary monu men ts , o ccur f requen t ly e spec ial ly i n i n ter-Carpath ian Dac ia , where 2 0 e xa mp les h ave b een f ound .

1 97

On ly a s ingle p iece , whose p rovenance i s u ncerta in , c a me f ro m

Dac ia I n fer ior. 1 98 A c a tegory o f o b ject f ound i n Dac ia o n ly a t S ar m izegetusa i s t he p ieces l i sted a s n os. 4 40-453 i n t he c a talogue.

T hey a re r ectangu lar b locks o ne o f

t he s hor t s ides o f wh ich a re d ecorated .

The s a me d ecorat ion , c onsist ing o f

al i on 's p aw w ith c learly r endered c laws , o ccurs o n a l l t he e xa mp les, e xcep t f or t hree :

o ne r epresen ts a n a thlete s k ipp ing o ver a r ope 1 99

s how a l i on 's h ead ( 452, 4 53 ) a bove t he l eg o f t he b east .

( 440 ) , t he o thers

N o . 4 52 i s k nown

f ro m a d raw ing made b y G . S zin te 2 °0 a nd N o . 4 53 f ro m a s ketch b y A . Fodor. 2 °1 J . F . N e igebaur d escr ibes a s im i lar p iece i nt he N opcsa c o l lect ion a t Z am , b rough t f ro m S ar m izegetusa ,

2° 2

wh ich

may b e

t hat d rawn b y A . Fodor.

There a re s o me d if ferences b etween t he t wo i l lustrat ions , b u t t hey m igh t b e e xp la ined b y d if ferences i n a rt ist ic c oncep t ion a nd s k il l .

We a re i ncl ined t o

b el ieve t hat t he t wo d raw ings v ery p robably r epresen t t he s a me p iece.

How-

e ver , o nt he b as is o f t he d if ferences b etween t he d raw ings , we c ons ider t he m f or t he mo men t a s t wo s eparate monumen ts a nd s o t hey a re l i sted u nder d if feren t n u mbers i nt he c a talogue. 2 9

As t o t he f unc t ions o f t hese a rch itectural p ieces , t wo h ypotheses c ou ld b e p roposed .

They m igh t h ave b een t he b ases o f amph itheatre s ea ts . 2 03

I ft hey

w ere p laced a t as u itable d istance a part a nd c overed w ith wooden b oard o r marble s lab , t hey c ou ld f or m b enches wh ich wou ld h ave b een c heaper t han t hose c arved f ro m s tone o r marble , a nd a t t he s a me t ime t hey wou ld h ave b een f a irly e legan t.

T here a re n o a nalog ies i n s upport o f t h is h ypothes is, b u t b ases

h igher t han t hose f ound a t S ar m izege tusa , c overed w ith marble s labs , p robably t abernae , a nd w ith a s im ilar d ecorat ion a re k nown f ro m t he mace l lum a t L ep t is Magna ,

2 °4

d ated t o t he I st c en tury A .D .

Accord ing t o t he s econd h ypo thes is , w h ich i s a s p laus ible a s t he f i rst , t hese were u sed a s c onso les, t hat i s t o s ay a s o rna men tal e le men ts i n a n e n tablature. The u n ifor m i ty o f d ecorat ion l eads u s t o t h is s uppos it ion . u sed t hus i n at e mp le a t Chateaubleau . 2°5

S im i lar p ieces w ere

Un fortunately , ow ing t o t he l ack o f

p rec ise i n for mat ion c oncern ing t he f ind-spo t o f t hese p ieces f ound a t S ar m izeg etusa , i ti s n ot p oss ible t o d ec ide b etween t hese p oss ib il it ies. The c atalogue a lso i ncludes s o me a rch i tectural f rag men ts w h ich h ad f unct ional r o les, n a mely 5 s tones u sed i n f oun ta ins ( 454-458 ).

T he f i rs t ( 454 ) ,

wh ich i s c o mp letely d if feren t f ro m t he o thers, w as i den t if ied b y F r. S tudn ic za. 206

Accord ing t o D . I sac , t he s tatues r epresen t ing a wo man w ith a n

a troph ied t orso a nd a b road p elv is f or med p art o f af oun ta in i n t he a tr ium o r g arden o f al ocal h ouse . 2 07

Th is i s p laus ib le w ith t he r eservat ion t hat i t

c ou ld a l ternat ively h ave b een u sed i n ap ub l ic f oun ta in ;

t he s cu lptor d irected

h is a t ten t ion t o t he f unct ional p arts o f t he f oun ta in t o t he d etr i men t o f a esthet ic e le men ts , f or e xa mp le , t he b road p elv is w ith a l arge c oncav ity i n t he s hape o f as cal lop s hel l b elow t he b el ly , w ith a w ide o r if ice f or t he w ater p ipe a nd an arrow t orso wh ich s erved a s as upport f or t hose who d rank t he w ater.

We

t herefore c onsider t hat t he s tatue w as a f unc t iona l p iece a nd n o t p urely o rnamen tal . The r e ma in ing f our p ieces , o f a ndes ite o r g r it-stone , p robab ly r epresen t ing al i on 's h ead w ith a n o pen mou th t hrough wh ich t he wa ter f lowed , c er ta in ly b elonged t o o ne o r more f oun ta ins j o ined t o a n a queduct. 208 N o. 4 55, wh ich , i n c on trast t o t he o ther f rag men ts , i s l arge , s hows c learly t he a dvanced s tage o f w ear o f t he s tone c aused b y w ater d ur ing l ong u se. The l i on 's h ead s erv ing a s t he mou th o f f oun ta in i s k nown i n b o th Greek a nd Ro man a rch itec t ure

2 09

N o s im ilar p ieces h ave b een f ound i n D ac ia.

Mosa ics f or m a v ery s pec ial a rch itectural c ategory , t yp ical e spec ial ly o f i n ter ior d ecorat ion o fb u i ld ings.

T he l i tera ture o f t he l ast c en tury men t ion

t hree p o lychro me mosa ics o f p art icu lar b eau ty f ro m S ar m izegetusa.

T here

i s l i t t le i n for mat ion a bou t af ourth mosa ic , p robably i n p o lychro me , f ound i n 1 773.210

Tesserae f ro m t h is mosa ic h ave b een s een a t t he Co l lege L ibrary

a t A iud , a nd im med iately af ter i t s f ind ing , ap ar t o f t he mosa ic w as g iven t o t he emperor J oseph I .2 1 1 Two mosa ics w ere f ound t o t he n orth o f t he t own w a l l i n 1 823. t wo p opu lar my tho log ical s cenes : p lead ing w ith Ach il les 2 12

( 460 ).

T hey d ep ict

t he J udge men t o f P ar is ( 459 ) a nd P r ia m These t wo mosa ics s t il l s urv ived i n 1 832,

when t hey were c are fu l ly d rawn b y M. J . Ackner.

3 0

T hey w ere d estroyed b y

a n Austr ian of icer b etween 1 832 a nd 1 847. 2 13

The mosa ics c a me f ro m t he

i n ter ior o f ab u i ld ing p oss ib ly owned b y ah igh-rank ing of ic ia1. 2 14 M. J . Ackner i den t if ied a no ther p o lychro me mosa ic o n t he o ccasion o f h is v is it t o S ar m izegetusa i n 1 832. 2 15

He r ecovered t he mosa ic , wh ich w as

p ar t ly d a maged b y t he t ree r oo ts a nd a modern r oad , a nd c overed i ta ga in af ter h e h ad d rawn i t . A n ew mosa ic was f ound a t S ar m izegetusa o n ly i n 1 975 , i n t he S cho la g lad ia toru m s i tuated i n t he i m med iate v ic in ity o f t he amph itheat re.

O f t h is

mosa ic , o n ly a p ar t o f t he b order d ecorated w ith t endr il p atterns a nd t he f ra me wh ich p robab ly e nclosed a p o lychro me d es ign h ave s urv ived. 2 16

Smal l f rag-

men ts o f mosa ics h ave b een d iscovered b u t w e h ave n o i n for mat ion c oncern ing t he f ind-spo ts . 2 17

The f rag men ts s tored i n t he museu ms a t Deva a nd S a rm i-

z egetusa b elonged t o l arge s truc tures, w h ich may b e r ecovered a t s o me f u ture d ate , i ft hey h ave n o t b een d estroyed . I n a dd it ion t o t he 5 mosa ics f ound a t S ar m izegetusa , a nother 5 p o lychro me mosa ics a re k nown i n Dac ia ; 1 863, 1 864 a nd 1 950.

t hey w ere d iscovered a t Apu lum i n 1 767, 1 782,

On t he b as is o f e arl ier p ubl icat ions ,

J . Berc iu h as

s tud ied a nd p resen ted t he m , w ith a c o mp lete b ibl iography , i nh is work o n t he p o lychrome mosa ics o f Dac ia. 2 18 Ano ther c ategory o f p ieces i ncluded i n t h is c hap ter c ons ists o f i nscr ibed s labs d ecorated w ith p el tae o n t he s ide p anels ( excep t f or t wo s pec i mens , 4 69 a nd 4 70 ). P e l tae , r epresen t ing t he s h ields o f Amazons ,

2 19

b eca me a f requen t o rna-

men ta l p at tern i n l ay imper ial a nd f unerary a rt .2 2 ° T he s i mp lest f or m o f t h is d ecora t ion o ccurs i n a mosa ic f ro m S ar m izegetusa. 2 21

T he s econd k nown

v ers ion c ons ists o f t he d ecorat ion o f i nscr ibed s labs, i n wh ich t he p at tern i s r endered more c o mp l icated.

The v er t ices o f t he a rched t r iangu lar e nds

t er m inate i n more o r l ess s ty l ized g r iff ins ' h eads.

The t ex ts o f t he a cco mpany-

i ng i nscr ip t ions r eferr ing t o t he b u i ld ing o r t he r estorat ion o f e d if ices a nd t he f act t hat t hey w ere a dded t o t he b u ild ings j ust ify t he ir i nclusion i n ac hap ter d evo ted t o a rch itecture. I ts hou ld b e n o ted t hat p el tae e nd ing i n g r if f ins ' h eads a re e ncoun tered i n Dac ia o n ly a t S ar m izege tusa a nd o n as ing le e xa mp le a t Mic ia. 2 22 A p iece c erta in ly d a ted i m med iately a f ter 1 70 A .D . was f ound i n t he t e mp le o f L iber P ater 2 23

( 4 62 ).

The f oo t o f t he o rna men tal p at tern i s d ecorated w i th

t wo g r if f in s ' h eads , as cu lptural c o mpos it ion wh ich was h itherto n o t k nown t o u s.

The p iece c an b e c lass if ied i n t he c ategory o f s labs w ith s i mp le a nd p la in

d ecora t ion ( 4 63, 4 65, 4 68 ). d ecora t ion :

P iece 4 66 b e longs t o t he t rans it ion t o ar icher

at endr i l d ecorat ion o ccurs i nside t he a rched t r iang le f or med b y

t he l im its o f t he ma in p at tern .

T h is d ecorat ion i s e nr iched b y t he i n-f i l l ing

o ft he p er ipheral a reas i n n os. 4 64 a nd 4 67. Un fortunately , i ti s n o t p oss ible t o d ate t he l ast p ieces o n t he b as is o f t he i nscr ip t ions o r o f t he c ircu ms tances o f f ind ing. The f rag men tary p ieces 4 69 a nd 4 70 , wh ich a re l ess a rt ist ical ly s k ilfu l , b elong t o t he s a me c lass a s t he d ecorated s labs.

3 1

T he a n tef ixes b e long t o t he s econd c ategory o f t he a rch itectural monu men ts , wh ich i ncludes a n thropo morph ic a nd z oo morph ic p ieces. A f ew o f t hese p ieces were f ound a t S ar m izege tusa , where t he ir r o le w as more o rna men tal t han f unct ionai .224 A l l 4p ieces f ound a t S ar m izegetusa ( 428-431) were o f w el l-f ired p o t tery a nd l ess h igh ly d ecorated.

3 2

CHAPTER V FUNERARY MONUMENTS

T he f ind ing o f ar e la t ive ly l arge n u mber o f f unerary monu men ts a t S ar m izege tusa i s e xp la ined b y t he e x istence o f a t l east t wo l arge c e meter ies b es ide t he T ib iscu m- Mic ia r oad :

o ne l i es t o t he e ast o f t he c i ty o nb o th s ides

o f t he r oad , a nd t he o ther i s l oca ted t o t he west o f t he c i ty a nd t o t he n or th o f t he r oad .2 2 5 The f i rst i nvest iga t ions w ere c arr ied o u t t o t he e ast o f U lp ia Tra iana i n 1 934 , w hen a c ircu lar mauso leu m , t wo s tone s arcophag i ( par t ly d estroyed ) a nd a c h i ld 's t o mb o fb r ick w ere f ound. 2 26 The mauso leu m ( d iameter :

2 1 m ) h ad b een r obbed b y t reasure-hun ters.

The s arcophag i w ere r ecovered b u t o n ly a f ew r e ma ins s urv ived. 2 27

A s tone

p la t for m was f ound i ns ide t he mauso leu m i n t he e astern p ar t o f t he c ircu lar wa l l ; i t was t he b ase o f al arge f unerary monu men t b ear ing a n i nscr ip t ion ( CIL , I I , 6 269 ) wh ich was t aken t o t he c ast le o f Nä la Vad i n t he 1 9 th c en tury a nd b rought b ack t o S ar m izegetusa i n 1 975.

On ly o ne b r ick t o mb h ad n o t b een

r obbed ; i tb elonged t o a wo man a nd t he g rave-goods c ons isted o f p ot tery a nd g lass v esse ls. 228 The mauso leu m i s d a ted t o t he s econd h a lf o f t he 2 nd c entury A .D ., b y a n i nscr ip t ion d a ted t o 1 42 a nd s e t u p b y Q . Aurel ius Tert ius ( CIL , I I , 1 448 ); t he a l tar men t ioned a bove was e rected b y t he s ame p erson .2 29 Another mauso leu m w ith a r ectangu lar e nclosure was f ound i n t he western c e me tery o f t he t own i n 1 973.

Th is mauso leu m c on ta ined a l arger n u mber o f

monu men ts t han t ha t d iscovered i n t he e astern c e metery o f S ar m izegetusa :

a

r obbed s arcophagus o f a ndes i te , t wo b r ick g raves, a l arge p la tfor m e dged w ith l arge b locks o f s tone , p robab ly t he b ase o f af unerary monu men t , f l u ted b locks o f l imestone , af rag men t o f ac ap ita l , sma l l c o lu mns, a f unerary l i on a nd t he wel l-preserved wa l l o f a n a ed icu la .

We r eca l l a sma l l f rag men t o f a wa l l o f

a n a ed icu la whose l ower p ar t was d ecora ted w ith a p a ttern i n t he f or m o f sma l l c olu mns . 2 30 A l l t he p ieces i n t he c a ta logue a re c hance f inds e xcep t f or t he wa l l o f t he a ed icu la ( 471 ) a nd t he f unerary l i on ( 502 ). AED IC ULAE The a ed icu la 2 31 Dac ia S uper ior. 2 32

i s o ne o f t he most f requen t f unerary monu men ts i n Th is t ype o f f unerary monu men t i s k nown a t M ic ia , P o-

t a issa , N apoca , Apu lu m, G erm isara, P oro l issu m , Op ta t iana , T ib iscu m , Cr iste e i , Gher la , G il u , A iud , Bo loga , G irbäu , I l i va , S ärä . 5en i , § e ica Micä , T ihgu a nd Agh ire . a re n o t k nown2 33

To t h is s hou ld b e a dded s evera l p ieces whose f ind-spo ts

a nd t wo u npubl ished monu men ts. 2 34

3 3

Ro man ian s cho lars h ave p u t f orward t wo h ypotheses c oncern ing o r ig ins o f a ed icu lae i n Ro man Dac ia .

The e arl ier h ypo thes is p roposes t ha t t h is t ype

o f monu men t s pread d irect ly o r i nd irect ly f ro m t he western p ar ts o f t he emp ire t o Dac ia v ia N or icu m a nd Pannon ia .2 35 A more r ecen t v iew p o in ts o u t t he impor tan t r o le p layed b y t he Or ien ta l S yr ian a nd Pa l myr ian i n f luences i n t he d evelop men t a nd d ifusion o f a ed icu lae i n Dac ia .2 36 t he f i rst h ypo thes is;

We a re i nc l ined t o a dm it

i n o ur o p in ion t he Ro man a r t i n Dac ia i n g enera l a nd

e spec ia l ly i n Dac ia S uper ior l ooked t owards t he western p art o f t he emp ire 2 37 a nd s evera l a r t ist ic t ypes were o f n orth I ta l ian o r ig in .

A s r egards a ed icu lae ,

we a gree w i th L . Teposu- Mar inescu who d ef ines t h is t ype o f monu men t i n Dac ia a s b e ing " three s te lae r eun i ted u nder a r oof a nd c onnected w i th t he n or th I ta l ian s telae" . 238

Th is t ype o f monu men t o ccurred a s af unerary c onstruct ion

i n Dac ia i n t he m idd le o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . ; 2 39

t he e ar l iest t ype was c arved

o nb o th f aces. 2 4 ° T he wa l l s cu lp ted o n as ing le f ace d eve loped i n t he s ame c en tury a nd i n t he f o l low ing o ne. 2 41

The d istr ibu t ion o f d ecora t ion i nt wo o r

t hree r eg isters o n f aces d eveloped t o t he e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury a nd i nt he 3 rd c en tury A .D . 2 42 F ive wa l ls o f a ed icu lae c er ta in ly c o me f ro m U lp ia Tra iana ( 471-475 ). We men t ion e spec ia l ly t he p iece f ound i n t he mauso leu m i n t he western c e met ery .2 43

The s cu lptura l s cene i s n o t p laced c en tra l ly b u t i s f ar t o t he l ef t o n

t he f unerary s lab; t he f i gures o f a mo ther w ith h er c h ild i n s waddl ing-clo thes a nd J uno L uc ina a re v ery s che ma t ic.

The a t t itudes o f t he f igures a re r ig id a nd

t he a na to m ica l f or ms a re r ough ly r endered. o f al a ter p er iod.

Th is r eca l ls t he Byzan t ine s ty le

I ti s a n e stabl ished f ac t t ha t a t t he e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury

A .D ., a nd e spec ia l ly i n t he f o l low ing c en tury , t he a rt o f t he d iferen t r eg ions o f t he emp ire was d eterm ined b y t he l a ter d irect ions o f d evelop men t o f t he whole o f Ro man s cu lp ture , a nd c onsequen t ly t ha t o f t he ma instrea m o f c lass ici s m.

The c rea t ion o f t he Byzan t ine s ty le was b ased o n j ust s uch l a te p rov inc ia l

f ea tures . 2 44 We a lso men t ion a p ed i men t o f a n a ed icu la245

( 476 ) ap iece w h ich o ccurs

i n frequen t ly i n Dac ia . AQU ILAE The c a ta logue i nc ludes t wo a qu ilae f unerar ia ( 477-478 ) f ound a t S ar m iz ege tusa . Ow ing t o t he ir p oor s ta te o f p reserva t ion , i ti s n otposs ible t o g ive a d et a iled d escr ip t ion o f t hw t wo p ieces, wh ich a re b road ly d a ted t o t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

The a rchaeo log ica l c on tex ts i n wh ich t hey w ere f ound a re n o t

k nown . There a re n o s pec ia l s tud ies o f t he h istory , d eve lop men t a nd a r t ist ic t rea t men t o f t he f unerary e agle.

S evera l s uch e ag les i n Ro man ian museu ms

h ave b een p ubl ished a lone o r w ith o ther ma ter ia 1 .2 46 I ti s n o tewor thy t ha t o n ly t wo f unerary e agles were f ound a t S ar m izeget usa , a l though s evera l c e me ter ies h ave b een i den t if ied t here. 2 47

3 4

TOMBSTONES Ap art icu lar c a tegory o f f unerary monu men t c ons ists o f at o mbstone o f r ectangu lar c ross-sect ion , t aper ing t owards t he t op o r w ith c oncave s ides , t opped w ith a p ine-cone a nd d ecora ted o n o ne o r more s ides. t inct f ro m f unerary a l tars.

These a re d is-

The ir t ypo logy a nd c hrono logy h ave b een s tud ied

w ith r eference t o t he l arge n umber o f e xamp les f ound i n Dac ia S uper ior , where t hey a re w ide ly d if fused . 248

Th is t ype o f t o mbstone o ccurs most f requen t ly

a t Apu lu m , b u t t hose f ound a t U lp ia Tra iana , many o f wh ich a re n ow l ost a nd a re k nown o n ly f ro m men t ions i n manuscr ip ts , a re f a ir ly n u merous i n c o mp ar ison w ith t he r est o f t he p rov ince. An u mber o f t ypes c an b e d ist ingu ished a ccord ing t o t he s ymbo ls, t he my tho log ica l s cenes a nd t he manner o f d ep ic t ing b usts.

F ro m t he p o in t o f

v iew o f t ypo logy , t he o n ly d ist inc t ion i s i n t he d egree o f c oncav ity o f t he s ides . 2 49 The c o m monest d es ign i s t he d o lph in w h ich o ccurs o n 9t o mbstones o u t o f t he 1 6 wh ich a re k nown .

One t o mbstone i s d ecora ted w ith d o lph ins o n t wo s ides.

I ti s f o l lowed b y t he k an tharos w ith t he v ine-sta lk a nd t he image o f A t t is. v ine , a s w e l l a s A t t is, o ccurs t ogether w ith t he h ead o f S ilenus; o n t wo s ides o f t wo t o mbstones. o n o ne s ide o r t wo .

The

i ti s d ep icted

Marsyas o ccurs t he s a me n u mber o f t imes,

At o mbstone o f t h is t ype was s een a t O strov b y A . F odor ,

a nd v ery p robably c ame f ro m t he c e me tery a t U lp ia Tra iana n earby .

A ccord ing

t o H . Da icov ic iu , t here a re s tr ik ing a na log ies w ith t he d ecora t ion e ncoun tered a t Aqu ile ia , f ro m where t he t ype s pread a cross Dac ia , e xcep t f or s o me d if fere nces s uch a s t he l ack o f s o me s y mbo l ic o rnamen ta l mot ifs i n o ther p arts o f t he emp ire , where t h is t ype o f t o mbstone i s a s c o m mon o r e ven c o m moner t han i ti s i n Dac ia . The e xamp les f ound i n Dac ia d if fer i n p lace o f o r ig in , s hape , d ecora t ion , a nd i n t he r epresen ta t ion o f A t t is o r t he d eceased , wh ich a re l ack ing a t Aqu i le ia , " ...d if ferences... wh ich , i n my o p in ion , a re c onnected w ith t he f unct ion a nd t he c hrono logy o f t he t o mbstones i n t he s hape o f c urved , t runca ted p yra m ids a nd r a ise t he p roble m o f t he o r ig ins o f t he t ype o f monu men t u nder d iscussion". 2 50 F ro m t he b eg inn ing , n a mely t he m idd le a nd t he e nd o f t he I s t c en tury A . D., t hey w ere a ssoc ia ted w ith a l tars.

A f ter t hey h ad s pread t o

Dac ia a t t he b eg inn ing o ft he 2 nd c en tury A .D ., s o me f unct iona l d eve lop men t c an b e d e tec ted , b u t t he ma jor i ty o f t he m were a ssoc ia ted w ith f unerary a l tars a nd p oss ibly p i lasters. Three t o mbstones o f t h is t ype c ame f ro m U lp ia Tra iana ( 479-481 ). L IONS Th is c a tegory , i n t he s ense o f " funerary l i on" , t ha t i s t o s ay a n i so la ted l i on o n af unerary monumen t i s r e la t ive ly u nco m mon i n c o mpar ison w ith o ther c a tegor ies f ound a t U lp ia Tra iana . .

Th is c an b e e xp la ined b o th b y t he

l ack o f s yste ma t ic e xcava t ions i n t he c e me ter ies o f S ar m izege tusa a nd b y t he f ac t t ha t t hey w ere r e-used a s b u ild ing ma ter ia l i n n earby med ieva l c hurches, f or e xa mp le a t Densuj , o r l a ter a s o rna men ta l p ieces i n t he med ieva l p a laces t hroughou t t he Ha leg r eg ion .

Th is c usto m h as c on t inued d own t o p resen t-day ,

w hen Ro man s cu lp tures a nd i nscr ip t ions a re s t il l r e-used i n t he f ounda t ions o f p easan ts' h ouses e ven a t S ar m izegetusa , f or e xa mp le n os. 4 97 a nd 4 98.

3 5

Most a rchaeo log ists a nd e p igraph ists i n t he l ast c en tury a nd a t t he b eg inn ing o f t h is c en tury , w ith t he e xcep t ion o f J . F . N e igebaur , n eg lec ted t hese monumen ts, " perhaps b ecause t h is t ype o f monumen t was t o s ome e x ten t s tero typed a nd s o t here were d i ff icu l t ies i n u sing i ta s a means o f p recise d a t ing" .2 51 I t was t herefore d if icu l t t o d raw u p t he c a ta logue o ft h is t ype o f monumen t. On t he o ther h and , t he ma jor ity o f t he s cu lptured l i ons a re d istr ibu ted o ver t he whole o f t he Hunedoara d istr ict a nd b eyond , a nd c an h ard ly b e d ist ingu ished f ro m t he s im ilar p ieces wh ich h ave b een t aken f rom o ther Ro man c en tres s uch a s Mic ia a nd Ger m isara t o Z am , Färcäd in , Brän i9ca , e tc. Many o f t he s urv iv ing monu men ts c an s carcely b e i den t if ied w ith s ome o f t he o lder d escr ip t ions o r d raw ings s ince t hey a re n ow s o wea thered . The s ame a pp l ies t o o ther s cu lptura l monu men ts wh ich were s een b y A . F . Mars ig l i , S . J . Hohenhausen , A . F odor a nd M. J . A ckner a t O strov , S lIpetru , U lp ia Tra iana a nd Re u d e Mor i , e tc. Desp ite t h is , t he l arge n u mber o f f unerary l i ons i n t he Hunedoara d ist r ict , e spec ia l ly i n D eva Museum a s ar esul t o f t he a ct iv ity o f t he Hunedoara H istory a nd Archaeo log ica l S oc iety , a nd i n t he c ast les a nd c oun try r es idences i nt he Mures v a l ley ( many o f w h ich w ere b rough t f rom U lp ia Tra iana ) a l low u s t o g roup a nd c lass ify t he m a ccord ing t o t he ir f unct ion a nd s ymbo l is m. 2 52 The t erm " funerary l i on" i s u sed h ere i n ar estr icted s ense , a nd i s c on f ined t o l i ons b ack t o b ack a nd s ing le l i ons. u nder

L ions c arved o n b ases w il l b e t rea ted s epara tely

' bases '.

I ti s k nown t hat l i ons b ack t o b ack were u sed o n monu men ts ( "Grabbekrön ung ") .

T hey a re s cu lp ted t oge ther w ith ab ase ( p l in thus) .

S o me t i mes t hey

h o ld t he h ead o f av ict im b enea th t he ir f ore-paws . T he t wo f e l ines a re s cu lpt ed b ack t o b ack ( " .. i m G egens inn g e lager te , z u e iner Gruppe v ere in t a ls d ie Kronung e ines Grabpfe ilers ...." ) ,2 53

a nd s o me t i mes t hey may e ven b e

j o ined t oge ther . T he p r inc ipa l f eature o f t he p os it ion o n t he l i ons wh ich a re b ack t o b ack i s t he manner i n w h ich t he ir h ind l egs a re r epresen ted : t hey a re s ym me tr ica l ly a rranged i n t he s hape o f t he Greek l e t ter 2 . T hey o ccur most f requen t ly i n a ssoc ia t ion w ith t he p ine-cone a nd b aske t ( c ista ).

They a ppear

t oge ther w ith J up iter Ammon a nd t he S ph inx a t U lp ia Tra iana . The s ing le l i ons a lso f u lf il led t he s ymbo l ic r o le o f " apo tropa ic " l ions o r " apo tropo i d a i mones" ,guard ing t he g rave a ga inst p rofana t ion a nd g uard ing t he e n trances t o t he mauso lea a nd f unerary b u i ld ings s uch a s a ed icu lae.

They

a lso h ad a rch itectura l f unct ions. Ap art icu lar c a tegory w ith e v iden t a rch itec tura l f unct ions c ons ists o f t he l i ons o n p ilasters ( "S 'Au len ldwen" ) o r p i l lars c u t i n h a lf l ong itud ina l ly . They u sua l ly h ave l ong , w ind ing t a ils c arved i n r el ief a long t he p i laster. The ma jor ity h ave t he h eads o f d ead a n i ma ls u nder t he ir p aws. Theyhad a n a rch itectura l f unct ion , f or m ing t he b a lustrades o f mauso lea , f ram ing t he c orners o f s o me l arger monu men ts, a nd were a lso u sed i n e nc losures f or g raves. 2 54

The t wo p ieces ( 494 , 4 95 ) wh ich were s t il l v isible i n a bou t 1 925-

2 6 i nt he wa l l o ft he c hurch a t Gräd i eea-Sarm izegetusa , p lace d i n ap os it ion w h ich w as v ery s im i lar t o t ha t i n w h ich t hey w ere v ery p robably f ound i n s i tu i n a n i mpos ing t o mb , a l low u s t o d e ter m ine t he ir p rec ise a rch itectura l a nd f unct iona l r o le.

Perpend icu lar t o t he n or ma l c o lu mn o f t h is t ype o f f unerary

3 6

l i on , a no ther s hor ter

8 0 cm ) a nd t h icker s em i-co lu mn r ises n ear t he

s hou lder o f t he l i on . With r egard t o t he t wo l i ons u nder d iscuss ion , R . Münst erberg a nd J . Oeh ler r efer t o t he g roove i n t he u pper p ar t o f t he s hor t c o lu mn wh ich s erved t o s upport ab a lustrade o r a no ther e nclosure :

" Neu war uns i n

Varhe ly , d ass r ückwär ts i n d er Gegend d es S chu l terbla t tes im r ech ten Winke l z ur Lage d es L t 'wen e ine zwe ite d ickere , a ber k ürzere Ha lbsäu le a usgeht , d ie o ben e inen r innen för m igen E inschn it t z e igt"

5 5

I tc an b e a ssu med , a s i s

c o m men ted b y t he s ame a u thors , t ha t t he l i on s w ere p laced o n t he t op o f t he e nclosure-wa l ls o f mauso lea o r t o mbs.

I n r eferr ing t o t he p iece n o. 4 96 ,

s een b y t he m a nd b y B . J ano a nd C . Da icov ic iu i n t he c our t-yard o f Mrs. Tornya a t S ar m izegetusa , t he a u thors men t ioned a bove s ay :

"O f fenbar waren

a l le d iese ' Säu len löwen ' d er n ieder igen Umfassungs mauer v on Grab mä lern a u fgese tzt" . 256

R . Munsterberg a nd J . Oeh ler c i te e xact a na log ies f or t h is

t ype o ff unerary l i on f ro m Aqu i le ia257

a nd o n t he Rh ine . 2 58

The ma jor ity o f l ions f ro m U lp ia Tra iana b e long t o t he c a tegory o f s ing le l i ons whose f unct iona l r o le was n o t d e ter m ined b ecause t he c o lu mn wh ich f or med a c on t inua t ion o f t he p l in th was l ack ing , p erhaps h av ing b een b roken of , o r b ecause t he p ieces b elonged t o al ess w e l l-known t ype.

A n umber o f

p ieces men t ioned o n ly i n A . F odor 's manuscr ip t must b e a dded t o t hese ment ioned a bove.

On ly o ne o f t hese c an b e a ss igned t o t he c a tegory o f l i ons

p laced b ack t o b ack , t he r est b e ing s ke tches o r i mag ina t ive d raw ings. FUNERARY MEDALL IONS F ree-stand ing f unerary meda l l ions 2 59 ( Fre istehendes Rund meda il lon ) were w idespread i n Dac ia , b u t t he t ype i s k nown o n ly i n t he i n ter-Carpa th ian a rea , n ame ly i n Dac ia S uper ior. The d istr ibu t ion o f t he 4 4 p ieces l i sted i n t he Ca ta logue o f C . Pop 2 60 is a s f o l lows :

A iud 1 , A lba I u l ia 1 4 , Apo ldu l d e S us 2 , C ig mäu-Geoag iu 2 , Cop a .

M ica 1 , Cr isteet i 3 , Gher la 1 , Gh irbo m 1 , G iläu 2 , I l ieua 2 , M iha i V iteazu l 1 , Mo igrad 2 , Par tn jen i 1 , Roeia Mon tanä 2 , S ar m izegetusa 2 , Ti rnava 1 , v e i 5a nd Z la tna 1 .

I tc an b e s een t ha t t he meda l l ions c o me f ro m 1 8 l oca l i-

t ies, f ro m Ro man s et t le men ts , f or ts o r c anabae , a nd s em i-urban l oca l it ies . 2 61 The g eograph ica l d istr ibu t ion o f f unerary meda l l ions i n Dac ia S uper ior s hows t ha t 1 4 o u t o f 4 4 c o me f ro m Apu lu m ( 33% o f t he t o ta l n u mber f ound i n t he n orth-Danub ian p rov ince ). 262 Th is c on f ir ms t he v iew t ha t a n importan t o f f ic ina o f s cu lp tors s pec ia l is ing i n f unerary monumen ts e x isted i n t h is ma jor Ro man t own s itua ted o n t he Muree . 2 63 The p or tra iture o f t he meda l l ions p resen ts a v ar ie ty o f f igures, t he ir n u mber v ary ing f ro m o ne t o e igh t p ersons. 264 f unerary l i ons. 265

F our monu men ts d ep ict

I ti s n o table t ha t 1 8 h ave a n iche i n t he s hape o f as hel l

a nd o n t h is b as is t hey c an b e d a ted t o t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

2 66

A s r egards t he p rovenance o f t he i ndependen t f unerary meda l l ions i n Dac ia , we b e l ieve t ha t t he c en tre o f d ifus ion o f t h is t ype o f monu men t was l oca ted i n t he N or ico-Pannon ian a rea , 267 f ro m wh ich i t was s pread b y v ar ious s cu lp tors o ver t he Danub ian a nd s ou thern p rov inces o f t he Rc_ ian Emp ire.

I t

wou ld h ave h ad i t s own d eve lop men t i n Dac ia , marked c h ief ly b y t he a ssoc ia t ion o f t he f unerary l i ons o f o r ien ta l o r ig in w ith t he mot if o f t he n iche c om ing f ro m t he West . 268 3 7

A s r egards U lp ia Tra iana , t he n u mber o ff unerary monu men ts o f t h is t ype i s s urpr is ing ly sma l l , b e ing o n ly t wo ( 504 , 5 05 ).

A l though t he ir f ind-

s po ts a re u nknown , t he meda l l ions a re a t tr ibu ted t o S ar m izege tusa o n t he b as is o ft he ir s ty le a nd i conography . 269 P ILASTERS The p ilaster was at ype o f f unerary monu men t w h ich p layed a f a irly imp ortan t a rch itectura l r o le; i t was u sed i n i mpos ing f unerary b u i ld ings. The c a ta logue o f t hese monu men ts c on ta ins v ery f ew s pec i mens f ound i n Dacia S uper ior.

These f ew p ieces , d ep ict ing d e it ies a nd f unerary s ymbo ls,

h ave g iven r ise t o much c on troversy i n t he l i tera ture. 27 ° The d iscuss ion i s b ased u pon f ive monu men ts i n t he s hape o f p i lasters , a nd e spec ia l ly t he p iece f ound a t Napoca271

( he ight , 2 43 cm; w id th , 5 9 cm ;

d ep th , 5 1 cm ) wh ich s hows t hree d e it ies i n t wo r eg isters :

L iber-D ionysus i n

t he u pper a nd Hercules a nd Mercury i n t he l ower r eg ister. c o me f ro m U lp ia Tra iana : ak an tharos,

2 72

Two more p ieces

t he f irst , d ecora ted w ith a v ine-sta lk r is ing f ro m

p robably c ame f ro m t he c e metery s i tua ted o n t he e dge o f t he

v il lage o f O strov , where i t was s een b y A . F . Mars ig l i.

The s econd , wh ich

d ep icts Mercury , i s u npub l ished a nd i s i n Deva Museu m . 273

The l i st migh t

b e e x tended t o i nc lude a no ther p iece , i ft he monu men t s een b y A . F . Mars ig l i " in o pp ido Haczek , Trans ilvan iae" , v ery p robably a lso c om ing f ro m U lp ia Tra iana a nd s how in g , a ccord ing t o t he p osit ion o f t he a r ms, a f i gure s im ilar t o t ha t o f A t t is b u t w ithou t t he Phryg ian c ap , was a ccura te ly d rawn b y t he I ta l ian t rave l ler.

N o. 5 06 i n Deva Museu m , i n i t s s ymbo l is m — the f i gure o f A t t is ,

t he v ine-sta lk a nd k an tharos —conf ir ms t he v iew t ha t a t l east s o me , i fn o t t he ma jor ity , o f t he p ilasters, e ven t hose r epresen t ing d e it ies s uch a s L iberD ionysus , Hercu les a nd Mercury , c ame f ro m f unerary s truc tures.

The f unc-

t ion o f t h is t ype o f p ilaster , s uppos ing t ha t t hey w ere n o t f unerary monu men ts i n t he mselves , i s s hown b y t he ir p resence a s a rch itectura l e le men ts i n s o me impos ing f unerary s tructures.

They s urrounded mauso lea , a nd were u sed i n

s o me t e mp le- mauso lea a nd r ectangu lar mauso lea . Ana log ies c an b e d rawn w i th e xa mp les f ro m I ta ly s uch a s t he p ilasters o n t he t o mb o f t he Ha ter ia f am ily a t Ro me L a teran Museu m , w h ich a re p erhaps t he most importan t. 274

O ther p ara l le ls a re t o b e f ound i n t he A fr ican p rov inces,

f or e xa mp le a t L ep t is Magna . 275

Ano ther h ypo thes is w h ich e xp la ins t he s ig-

n if icance a nd t ypo logy o ft hese f unerary p i1asters 276

a ssu mes t ha t a ed icu lae

a dorned i n side w i th s ta tues o f t he d eceased e x isted i n Dac ia : a bou t 8e xamp les a re k nown t here. The a ssu mp t ion was based o n t he s tudy o f t he wa l ls o f s o me u ndecora ted a ed icu lae.

I n t hese c ases t he a ed icu lae may h ave b een wa l led

a nd c on ta ined s ta tues.

The p ilaster was f ixed t o , o r embedded i n t he b ack

wa l l o ft he o pen a ed icu la o r p laced o n e dge w ith t he d ecora ted s ide , o r e ven t he t hree d ecora ted s ides i n f ron t o f t he wa l l . The b acks o f t he p i lasters w ere o f ten u nworked o r wedge-shaped . The f unerary s ta tues f ro m Dac ia , u p t o 1 69 cm h igh o r 2 00 cm h igh i nc lud ing t he b ase , c ou ld e as ily h ave b een p laced i n t hese a ed icu lae w ith p ilasters wh ich , t o j udge f ro m t ha t f ound a t Napoca , w ere u p t o 2 50 cm h igh.

3 8

P ILASTERS WITH TAPER ING TOPS AND PEDESTALS Th is c a tegory r epresen ts a p ar t icu lar g roup o f monu men ts ( 508-510 ). They a re r ectangu lar b lock s; t he a verage h e igh t i s o ver 1 m.

Three o r r are ly

f our s ides a re d ecora ted a nd e nclosed b y c o lu mns o r p ilasters s upport ing t he a rches.

R . Mt insterberg a nd J . Oeh ler ,

2 77

a nd l a ter Gr. F lorescu ,

2 78

c a l led

t h is c a tegory ' a l tars i n t he s hape o f " Janus Quadr ifrons" ‚ ,b u t C . Da icov ic iu c lassif ied t he m a s t he " Pfe ilergrab mä ler" o f F . Drexe1. 279

Th is t ype i s w ide-

s pread i n t he r eg ion o f t he Rh ine a nd t he Mose l le , i n Gau l a nd Da lma t ia a nd i n Aqu ile ia a nd i t s s urround ings . 2 80 b y o ther s cho lars ,

2 81

The o p in ion o f C . Da icov ic iu , l a ter a dm it ted

was t ha t t h is t ype o f monu men t r eproduces t he d o mus

a eternus o f a n a ed icu la a nd t ha t i ts hows s ou thern i n f luence whose f or m a nd d egree o f p enetra t ion i s s hown b y t he l arge n u mber o f c ipp i f ound i n Da l ma t ia. These monu men ts t o ta l 9p ieces i n Dacia ; 282 t he ma jor ity c o mes f ro m Mic ia , b u t t he p rovenance i s n o t a lways c erta in .

The n u mber f ro m U lp ia Tra iana i s

l arger t han t ha t f ro m Mic ia i ft he p ieces c arr ied f ro m Färc k l in t o Z am a nd f ro m t here t o Deva Museu m a re s ubtracted f ro m t he f i gure g iven f or Mic ia ( 2 1 . J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 1, n o. 1 49 ).

The r e ma inder o f t he p ieces c o me

f ro m Apu lu m a nd A iud . A s r egards t he a rch itectura l f or m o f t hese monu men ts, C . Da icov ic iu s hows b y as tudy o f t he e xamp les f ound a t U lp ia Tra iana c ha t t h is t ype r epres en ts o n ly " the c en tra l e le men t o f t he c o mp lete monu men t".

Bo th t he t runca-

t ed t op o f t he p yram id a nd t he r ound h o le i n i t s i nd ica te c learly t ha t t hey w ere o r ig inal ly s ur moun ted b y s o me f ea ture n ow l ost . Gr. F lorescu p resu med t ha t t h is was a p ine-cone2, 8 3

r a ther t han a t ip o f ap yram id s im ilar t o t hose

f ro m Mitrov ica a nd Egger p ubl ished b y A .

S chober .

2 84

T er m ina ls i n t he s hape

o ft runca ted p yra m ids w ith c oncave s ides s uch a s t he e xa mp les f rom Mic ia i n D eva Museu m a nd t hose f ro m Pä ti. i ' n jen i-Z la tna men t ioned b y A . F odor i n h is manuscr ip t c op ied f ro m I gn . Re inbo ld , ad oc tor a t Z la tna .

The monu men t was

p laced o n ab ase wh ich was e i ther i nscr ibed , a ccord ing t o C . Da icov ic iu , o r d ecora ted w ith h un t ing s cenes , d o lph ins , p eacocks a nd s o o n , o n b o th t he f ron t a nd t he b ack .

The n arrow s ides were f lanked b y l i on s .2 85

A c o m moner mot if

o nb ases f ro m b oth U lp ia Tra iana a nd Mic ia i s t he a ssoc ia t ion b e tween l i ons p laced b ack t o b ack a nd J up iter Am mon . 286

Af a irly l arge n u mber o f s uch

s pec i mens was f ound a t Mic ia , b u t t hey a re a lso e ncoun tered a t S ar m izege tusa ( 5 11-515 ).

A s tr ik ing a na logy c an b e d rawn w i th t he b ases f ound i n Da l ma t ia ,

e xcep t f or t he n arrow s ides wh ich s how o n ly t he l i on 's p aws a nd n o t t he e n t ire a n i ma l. C . Da icov ic iu d ist ingu ished t wo c a tegor ies o f p i laster o n t he b ases o f t he f ron ts o f t he p ieces :

1 ) t hose s uppor t ing a n a rch s ur moun ted b y at runca ted

p yram id ; 2 ) p i lasters whose s ides a re e nclosed b y a n a rch itrace wh ich may o r may n ot p ro jec t a s an o tched c orn ice , a nd w ith a s em i-c ircu lar p ed i men t wh ich c u ts i n to t he f la t s ides o f t he p yram id. •

3 9

STELAE a nd ALTARS These f unerary monu men ts h ave n o t y e t b een s yste ma t ica l ly a nd i ndepend en t ly s tud ied i n r espect o f t he ir a r t ist ic e xecu t ion a nd f or m ; 287

t he e p igra-

p h ica l l i tera ture d ea ls w i th t he m o n ly a s ac a tegory o f i nscr ibed s tone a nd c onsequen t ly t he d escr ip t ion o f t he d ecora t ion o f t hese monu men ts i s i nco mp le te a nd t he s y mbo l ic a nd t ypo log ica l i n terpre ta t ions a re m iss ing. The n umber a nd t he v ar ie ty o f t ypes o f f unerary s telae i s v ery l arge i n Dac ia , a nd t hey i nd ica te b y t he ir s ty le a nd e xecu t ion t he e x istence o f s tonec arv ing c en tres o r o f w orkshops s pec ia l is ing i n v ar ious t ypes o f monumen t. The n u mber o f f unerary s telae f ro m U lp ia Tra iana i s r e la t ive ly sma l l i n c o mpar ison t o t ha t o f o ther c a tegor ies o f i nscr ip t ion o r s tone monu men ts. A s i n t he c ase o f t he o ther f unerary s cu lptures wh ich o ccur o n ly i n frequen t ly , s uch a s t he i ndependen t meda l l ion , t h is c an b e e xp la ined b y t he l ack o f s yste ma t ic e xcava t ions i n t he c e me ter ies a t U lp ia Tra iana . The f unerary a n icon ic s te la d ecora ted w ith a rch i tectura l e le men ts o ccurs l ess f requen t ly i n o ther c en tres i n Dac ia .

Th is t ype o f s tela i s e xe mp l if ied

i n t he p resen t c a ta logue o n ly b y e xamp les d ecora ted w i th z oo morph ic o r a n throp o morph ic p a t terns o r mo t ifs f ro m Graeco-Ro man my tho logy . v ar ian ts o ccur a t U lp ia Tra iana : 288

The f o l low ing

af ree t r iangu lar p ed i men t f lanked b y

a cro ter ions a bove t he f ie ld o f t he i nscr ip t ion ;

i nscr ibed t r iangu lar p ed i men t

b ordered b y a cro ter ions i n t he u pper p ar t o f t he f i eld o f i nscr ip t ion ; p ed i men t , f i eld o f r el ief a nd f i eld o f i nscr ip t ion ;

t r iangu lar

s em i-c ircu lar p ed i men t a nd

f ield o f i nscr ip t ion . A ccord ing t o s cho lars , t he t endency t o om it f i gures r ecurred i n t he 3 rd c en tury A .D ., a s i s s hown b y t he s telae w ith s em i-c ircu lar p ed i men ts s uch a s t he monu men t i n t he Museum o f t he H is tory o f Transy lvan ia a t C lu j-Napoca ( CIL i I I , 1 534 ). The s cu lptors work ing a t S ar m izegetusa a lso c arved a no ther t ype o f f une rary s tela , p robably f or i mportan t c usto mers, h uge s labs s im ilar t o t he h onor if ic monumen ts w h ich a re f requen t a t U lp ia Tra iana . w ith f unerary s ymbo ls.

They w ere d ecora ted

The f i eld o f t he i nscr ip t ion i s e nc losed b y a mould ing

i n t he s hape o f at abu la a nsa ta a nd t he s paces b etween t he t r iang les f or med b y t h is t ype o f f rame a re d ecora ted w ith p lan t p a t terns a nd r ose ttes. o f t he s hort s ides d ep ic t A t t is. A t t is i n ad if feren t way :

The t wo e nds

Two monumen ts f ound i n U lp ia Tra iana d ep ic t

n o. 5 20 s hows A t t is o n t he e nds o f as te la , a nd monu-

men t 5 19 s hows t he d e ity o n ab ase i n t he s hape o f a n a l tar.

SPH INXES The s ph inx , wh ich was a s y mbo l o f d om ina t ion a nd whose o r ig ins g o b ack t o a nc ien t Egyp t , was a dop ted b y imper ia l Ro man f unerary a r t. 293 h ave b een f ound i n Dac ia a t S ar m izege tusa a nd Apu lu m . 294

4 0

S ph inxes

Prof . A . Bodor b r ief ly c lass if ied t he s ph inxes f ro m Dac ia i n t hree c a teg or ies : 295 1 .

S ph inxes wh ich a re r ough ly worked a nd a re p resen ted i n f ron ta l a t t itude a nd w ingless.

N os. 5 39-542 b e long t o t h is c a tegory .

2 .

Winged o r w ing less s ph inxes w ith t he h ead o f Medusa b e tween t he ir f orel egs. S even o f t h is t ype a re k nown f rom S ar m izegetusa ( 5 34-548 ).

3 .

P ieces whose l ength e xceeds t he h e ight ; t he s ph inx i s s ea ted o n i t s h indl egs a nd i s r epresen ted w ith o r w i thou t ah u man o r Medusa mask b e tween . t he f ore-legs.

I ti s g enera l ly w inged.

On ly o ne o f t h is t ype c omes f ro m

S ar m izegetusa ( 5 49 ). F or t he e vo lu t ion o f t he s te la i n Dac ia , w e p o in t o u t t he i mportance o f s o me o rnamen ta l e lemen ts i n ap ed i men t d ecora ted w ith p lan t mo t ifs a nd t wo a croter ions i nt he s hape o f s em i-pa lmet tes w h ich mark t he t rans it ion f ro m t he p seudo-arch itectura l t o t he a narch itectura l t ype.

A meda l l ion w i th a r oset te

i nscr ibed i n a" lunu la" i n t he s hape o f ah orse-shoe d ecora ted a s econd r eg ist er a bove t he f ie ld o f t he i nscr ip t ion . L unu lae were t o r e ma in a c haracter ist ic mo t if u sed b y t he w orkshop a t U lp ia Tra iana , a nd s culp tors f rom t he n e ighbouri ng a reas s uch a s Mic ia289 a nd S e ica Mica29 ° w ou ld t ake o ver t h is p a ttern , t hough t he r oset te i n t he c en tre o f t he meda l l ion was r ep laced b y t he b ust o f t he d eceased. For t h is t ype w e c an g ive o ther e xamp les f rom U lp ia Tra iana ( ped i men t , r osette a nd p lan t mot ifs ).

The t ransit ion f rom t he u n f igured t o t he

f i gured s te la i s marked f a ir ly c lear ly b y t he f unerary monu men t o f L uc ius Cass ius Marc io ( 5 23 ). e legan t mou ld ing.

The u pper p ar t o f t he i nscr ip t ion i s d ecora ted w ith a n

The u pper r eg ister i s d ecora ted w ith a p ed i men t w hose b ase

i s b roken b y a sma l l meda l l ion f l anked b y t wo c on fron ted l i ons ( gr if f ins ? ) . Ana log ies c an b e d rawn w ith c lose ly s im ilar b u t n o t i den t ica l t ypes i n Dac ia I n fer ior ,

2 91

N or icu m a nd Pannon ia , b u t t he p ed i men t i s u sua l ly s uppor ted

b y c o lumns o r p i lasters o n t he e xamp les f rom t he l ast p rov inces. I ti s n o ted t ha t t he s telae w ithou t f i gures o ccur e ar ly i n t he Danub ian p rov inces a nd t he t ype w ith " lunu lae" i s k nown o n ly a t S ar m izegetusa . I t s p resence t here m igh t p erhaps b e e xp la ined b y t he a rr iva l o f s o me s cu lp tors f rom t he n or th o f I ta ly . 292 The f unerary s telae b eca me f i gured a t U lp ia Tra iana t owards t he m idd le o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .; t he p ortra it o f t he d eceased i s p laced i n t he c en tre o f t he d ecora t ion , c o m mon ly b e low t he p ed i men t wh ich c ou ld b e f ree o r w ith t he b ase b roken b y a meda l l ion . One o ft he e arl iest s te lae s how ing t he b ust o f t he d ead man i s t he monumen t o f U lp ia C he l ido ( 524) wh ich , f or m t he p o in t o f v iew o f i t s s tructure , i s s im ilar t o t ha t o f Cass ius Marc io. I ts ee ms t ha t t he i nscr ip t ion o f Va ler ius Ph i l inus ( 5 28 ) c ou ld b e c ons ide red a s as tart ing p o in t i n t he p rocess .o f d evelopmen t o f t he f i gured f unerary s te la w i th a meda l l ion i nscr ibed i n a" lunu la" i n t he s hape o f ah orse-shoe. Th is monu men t g ives t he i mpress ion o f a n u n f in ished w ork .

The s te lae were

g radua l ly e nr iched w ith d ecora t ive e le men ts, e spec ia l ly i n t he manner o f e xe cu t ion o ft he n iches a nd i n t he d ecora t ion o f t he s ides o f p ed i men ts w ith o vo los , wh ich t he c orners w ere d ecora ted w ith t r itons, d o lph ins, r ose t tes, Medusas , c o lu mns, p i lasters , e tc. ).

F ro m t he p o in t o f v iew o f s ty l ist ic c o m-

p os it ion , t he s te lae w hose i nscr ibed p ed i men t i s s epara ted f rom t he n iche 4 1

c on ta in ing t he p or tra it o f t he d eceased b y as trong ly mou lded l i n tel , a nd t hose w ith t he b ase o f t he p ed i men tb roken b y t he p or tra it , a re c o mmon . men t i s d ecora ted w ith r ose t tes, Medusas o r p lan t mo t ifs.

The p ed i-

We may men t ion

t he s te la ( 5 37 ) i n w h ich t he n iche c on ta in ing t he meda l l ion o f t he d eceased i s c arved e ven i n to t he i nscr ibed p ed i men t a nd t he f rag men t o f as te la ( 535 ) w hose n iche i s c arved im med ia te ly b e low t he t op o f t he p ed i men t w h ich i s d ecora ted w ith mou ld ings. A f unerary s te la w h ich v ery p robably a lso c omes f rom U lp ia Tra iana ( 5 36 ) h as t hree r eg isters:

a n i n scr ibed p ed i men t a nd t wo r eg isters

s how ing t he p ortra i t o f t he d eceased.

The m idd le r ec tangu lar r eg ister p rob-

a bly d ep ic ts t he p or tra it o fp aren ts w h ile t he b ust o f ac h ild ( ? ) i s s hown i n a c ircu lar r ecess c arved i n t he l ower r eg ister.

4 2

CHAPTER V I UN IDENT IFIED OR LOST P IECES

The l ast s ect ion o f t he c a ta logue i ncludes t he s cu lp tura l monu men ts f ro m U lp ia Tra iana wh ich a re men t ioned b y t he e ar l ier wr i ters b u t a re n ow l os t. S o me p ieces r e ma in i nde ter m ina te b ecause o f i nadequa te i n for ma t ion o r a re o n ly s ketched i n t he p ubl ica t ions o r manuscr ip ts. I n c on trast t o t he ir f requen t u se a s b u ild ing ma ter ia ls i n v ar ious r el ig ious a nd s ecu lar b u ild ings a t Tara Ha tegu lu i , t here i s r e la t ive ly l i t t le w r it ten i nf or ma t ion a bou t t he impress ively l arge n u mber o f s cu lp tured s tone monu men ts r ecovered f ro m t he r u ins o f U lp ia Tra iana f ro m t he M idd le Ages o nwards .

The

p rocess o f d estruct ion o r r e-use o f t hese monu men ts a s b u ild ing ma ter ia ls d im in ished i n t he 19 th c en tury o n ly when t hey a t trac ted t he a t ten t ion o f t he c o ll ec tors a nd a n t iquar ians , w ho u sed t he monumen ts t o a dorn t he ir mans ions o r h ouses. The c a ta logue i s s e lec t ive. I ti ncludes o n ly a p ar t o f t hese c a tegor ies o f monu men t a nd d ea ls c h ief ly w ith t he d escr ip t ion a nd c lass if ica t ion o f t he p ieces wh ich e x ist t oday i n v ar ious museu ms, c o l lec t ions o r o ther a ccess ible p laces where t hey h ave b een c arr ied s ince t he ir d iscovery .

I n t er ms o f t he ir s ta te

o f p reserva t ion a nd t he p rocess o f "m igra t ion" , t he s itua t ion o f t hese monu men ts i s n o b e t ter t han t ha t o f t he i nscr ip t ions f ro m U lp ia Tra iana S ar m izege tusa . The ma jor ity c an n o l onger b e f ound i n t he p laces o r t he c o l lect ions w here t hey were s een a nd d escr ibed i n t he 1 7 th-19 th c en turyes.

Many p ieces a re l ost o r

h ave b een t ranspor ted t o t he museu ms a t Deva , S ar m izege tusa , C lu j-Napoca , S igh ieoara , B la j , L ugo j, T im ieoara , Bucharest , Budapest , V ienna e tc. n u mber h as d im in ished c ons iderably w ith e very move. p ar t ia l ly o r c o mp le tely d estroyed when moved ;

The ir

Many monu men ts w ere

f or e xamp le , t he t ransfer o f

ap ar t o ft he Nopcsa c o l lect ion f ro m Färacäd in t o t he r es idence o f t he s a me f am ily a t Z am , o r o n t he o ccas ion o f t he t ransfer o f i nscr ip t ions f ro m Za m t o Deva Museu m. I n t he c ourse o f t he l ast c en tury , s evera l p ieces e i ther were l ost f ro m t he " cyclopean wa l l" ( " the museu m i n t he o pen a ir" ) o f t he c hurch a t O strov , o r were s o b ad ly d amaged t ha t t hey c an n o l onger b e i den t if ied f ro m t he d escr ip t ions o f A . F . Mars igl i o r S . J . Hohenhausen i n t he 1 7th a nd 1 9 th c en tur ies . 2 96 Many s tone o r b ronze monu men ts c an s carce ly b e i den t if ied s ince t hey a re d escr ibed o n ly s ketch i ly b y t he a rchaeo log ists o f t he m idd le o f t he l ast c en tury , s uch a s M. J . Ackner o r J . F . N e igebaur. For e xamp le , J . F . N e igebaur l i sted p ieces s crupu lously a s r egards s ta t ist ics , b u t p resen ted t he t ypo log ica l a nd s ty l ist ic d e ta i ls s o s uperf ic ia l ly t ha t t he i den t if ica t ion o f p ieces d rawn b y A . F . Mars ig l i , S . J . Hohenhausen o r A . F odor 297 i s v ery u ncer ta in o f ten impossible. The i den t if ica t ion o f t he f ind-spo ts o f p ieces c o l lec ted b y N opcsa a t Zam a nd A . Vt rady a t Färcäd in , A . F odor a nd Graeser a t Deva , 4 3

L . N agy a t Orget ie , S ze les a t A iud ,

a nd Ba l in t a t Bre tea Ro mänä , J . K e meny a t

L uncan i o r M. J . Ackner a t Gueter ip i s v ery d if icul t b ecause o f t he l ack o f p rec ise i n for ma t ion , e xcep t f or s o me n otes b y J . F . N e igebaur , w ho men t ions t he p rovenance o f s o me p ieces s een b y h im d ur ing h is v is it t o Transy lvan ia i n 1 847.

A . F odor i nd ica tes o n ly t he whereabou ts a nd n ot t he p rovenance o f

p ieces i nh is t wo v o lu mes o f p la tes w h ich i l lustra te t he s cu lp tura l a nd e p igrap h ic monu men ts a nd o ther a n t iqu i t ies i n t he c oun ty o f Hunedoara a nd t he r est o f Transy lvan ia .

The p rovenance o f t he s cu lp tures c o l lected a t t he Greek

Ca tho l ic B ishopr ic a t L ugo j a re a lso d if icu l t t o a scerta in .

The ma jor ity e v i-

d en tly c o me f ro m U lp ia Tra iana b u t o ther p ieces were f ound a t T ib iscu m a nd t he " Ca ta logue" o f t h is c o l lect ion makes n o d is t inct ion b etween t he t wo p rovena nces.

The c o l lect ion h as n ow b een t ransferred t o t he l oca l museu m. 2 9 8

The e p igraph ic a nd s culptura l ma ter ia l f ound d ur ing t he f i rst s yste ma t ic e xcava t ions c arr ied o ut a t t he e nd o f t he 1 9 th c en tury a nd i n t he c ustody o f t he Hunedoara H istor ica l a nd Archaeo log ica l S oc iety r a ise t he s a me d if f icul t ies c oncern ing p rovenance ow ing t o l ack o f p rec ise i nven tor ies, e spec ia l ly i n t he c ase o f t he M ithra ic f rag men ts. For t h is r eason , t he p resen t c a ta logue o f t hese p ieces i s b ased o n e ar l ier p ub l ica t ion s wh ich r ecorded t he m s yste ma t ica l ly f or t he f i rst t ime , w ith s o me u nderstandable a nd e xp l icable e rrors, a nd o n c a ta logues p ubl ished b y Fr. Cu mon t a nd M. J . V er maseren .

The i den t if ica-

t ion o f n umerous f rag men ts, e ven u sing t he i nven tory i n Deva Museu m , was a d if icu l t t ask ow ing t o t he i nven tory n u mbers f requen t ly b e ing e i ther worn o r m iss ing f ro m t he monu men ts.

Con sequen t ly i ti s p oss ible t ha t s o me o f t he

p ieces n u mbered 2 34-362 a nd 3 87 h ave b een w rongly i ncluded i n t he c a ta logue o ft he m ithra ic monumen ts. The c a ta logue o f u n iden t if ied p ieces a lso i ncludes s o me p ieces w h ich a re n ow l ost b u t a re men t ioned i n t he l i tera ture , f or e xamp le C IL , M. J . A ckner , F . Mi lner , I nschrDac. The s cu lp tures l i sted i n t he c a ta logue , c er ta in ly o r p ossibly f ro m U lp ia Tra iana , r epresen t a sma l l p ar t o f t he p roduc t ion o f t he s cu lp tors' workshops i n t he c ap ita l o f Dac ia .

A more c o mp lete c a ta logue , i nclud ing a n umber o f

monu men ts a pproach ing t he t ota l p roduct ion o f t hese o f f ic inae , w il l b e p oss ible o n ly a f ter e x tens ive e xcava t ions b oth i n t he s acred a rea a nd i n t he c e me ter ies o f t he c ity .

These e xcava t ions w i l l c on t inue i n t he c om ing y ears.

A t t he s a me

t ime , t he s urv iv ing o b jects w h ich h ave b een c o l lec ted b y s cho lars a nd a n t iquar ians o ver t he c en tur ies, s hou ld b e r igorously s elected.

Poss ible ways i n

w h ich t he s cu lp tors c ou ld h ave "m igra ted" i n to a nd o u t o f Ro man ia s hou ld a lso b e f o l lowed.

O ther i nvest iga t ions s hou ld c o mp lete t he c a ta logue l i sts o f t he

o ther c a tegor ies o f f i gured monu men ts, a nd s o e stabl ish t he r o le a nd t he i nt ens ity o f Ro man p rov inc ia l c u l ture i n Dac ia i n c o mpar ison w i th t ha t e x is t ing e lsewhere i n t he emp ire , a nd i t s c on tr ibu t ion t o t he c u l tura l h er itage o f t he Ro man w or ld.

4 4

NOTES TO CHAPTERS I -VI

1 .

C . Da icov ic iu c onsiders t hat t he e ars o n t he v ot ive monu men ts r epresen t a n o r ien tal i nf luence. C f . C . Da icov ic iu, Trans . An t . ,p . 1 48 .

2 .

D . A l icu , E . N e m , RLS ( H. Da icov iciu , Preface, p . 4 );

H . Da icov ic iu ,

Pon t ica , I X , 1 976, p . 6 3. 3 .

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I I , 1 976, p . 9 6.

4 .

G . Tdg gs, HT, I , 1 902, p p . 6 2, 6 8;

C . Da icov iciu , Dac ia , I , 1 924,

p . 2 30. 5 .

B . J 4n6 , AE, XXX I I , 1 912, p p. 4 05-407.

6 .

H . Da icov ic iu , D . A l icu , E . N e me5 , I . P iso , C . Pop , A . Rusu , S arget ia, X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p p. 2 25-228;

D . A l icu , E . N e me§ , RL S

( H. Da icov iciu , Preface , p p. 3 -4 ), p l. LX II I; 1 974-1975 , p p. 5 8-63;

I . P iso , S arget ia , X I-XI I ,

A . Rusu , A pu lu m , X I II , 1 975 , p p. 6 98-699 ;

D . A l icu , AMN , X I I I , 1 976, p p. 1 50-151. 7 .

J . Trynkowsk i , EOS, LVI, 1 , 1 966, p . 2 18; l oc.c it.;

8 .

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso ,

I . P iso , l oc.c it.

I . H . Cr en , A pu lu m , I X , 1 971, p p . 3 41-346.

O ther works r eferr ing

t o t he c u lt o f Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia i n Dacia :

N . I gna, Cu ltu l l u i

Aescu lap 5 i a l Hyg ie i, C lu j, 1 935;

I . I . Russu , I storia med ic ine i. S tud i i

5 i c ercetär i , Bucure5t i , 1 957, p p . 9 -24 e tc . 9 . 1 0.

J . T rynkowsk i , o p.cit., p . 2 19. — — N . Gostar , MCA, I , 1 956, p . 6 35;

I . I . Russu , PM, 1 960 , p p. 2 17-218;

i de m , AMN , I I , 1 966, p . 4 45. 1 1.

G . Te As, HT, I , 1 902, p . 6 7;

M. Bärbu lescu , Dacia , N .S., XVI , 1 972,

.2 05. 1 2.

G . Tiglä 's, 2 2.c it., p p. 6 2, 6 7;

C . Da icov iciu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 33.

1 3.

D . A l icu , E . N erne , RL S, p l. LX IV.

1 4.

H . Da icov ic iu , D . A l icu , I . P iso , C . Pop , Raport p rel im inar p r iv ind c a mpan i ile a rheo log ice d in a n i i 1 975-1977 ( ms.).

1 5.

H . Da icov iciu , I . P iso , o p.cit., p p. 1 59-163.

1 6.

Th is i dea was s uggested t o u s b y I . G lodar iu .

1 7.

I . P iso w il l d eal w ith t hese mater ials i n as tudy.

1 8.

M. Barbu lescu , 22.c it., p p. 2 10-214; 1 74, n ote 2 .

4 5

i de m , AMN

X IV, 1 977 , p p. 1 73-

1 9.

B . J än6 , AE, XXX I I , 1 912, p . 5 1;

G . F in 41y , ArchAnz , 1 912,

5 31;

P .

AnnEp , 1 913, p . 5 1. 2 0.

P . Par is, Hecate , DA, I I , 1 , 1 900 , p p. 4 5-52.

2 1.

M. Warbu lescu , AMN , X IV, 1 977 , p p . 1 73-194.

2 2.

G . T elä ,s, HT, I , 1 902, p . 6 6; p p. 8 6-87, n ote 1 .

C . Da icov iciu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932,

For t he c u lt o f J uno i n Dac ia , s ee D . Radu , A pu lu m ,

I V, 1 961, p p . 1 03 , 1 08 ;

C . C . Peto lescu a nd c o llaborators, Apu lu m,

X II I , 1 975, p . 6 90 , f ig . 2 /3 ;

C . Ba luta , Apu lu m , X IV, 1 976,

P .

1 32 e tc .

2 3.

D . I sac , AMN , X I , 1 974, p . 7 0

2 4.

D . A l icu , C . Pop , V . Ck r .Ana , AMN , X II I , 1 976, p p. 1 25-126.

2 5.

D . I sac, o p .c it ., p . 6 4.

2 6.

D . I sac d evotes a d ocu men ted s tudy t o t h is t ype o f monu men t i n Dac ia. ( A MN, X I, 1 974, p p . 6 4-70) .

2 7.

I de m , o p .cit ., p . 6 7.

2 8.

I de m , o p .cit ., p . 6 4.

2 9.

W. H . Roscher , L exMy th , I , 2 , L e ipzig , 1 894-1897 , c . 2 021 s eq I g . A . Bruhl , L iber p ater.

O r ig ine e t e xpansion d u c u lte d ionys iaque

Ro me e t d an s l e monde r o ma in , Par is, 1 953, p . 3 0 s qq. 3 0.

A . Bodor , Dacia, N .S., V I I , 1 963, p p. 2 21-223;

C . Pop , Z . Milea,

AMN , I , 1 965, p . 1 95. 3 1.

A . Bodor , o p.cit., p . 2 21, n o te 7 3.

3 2.

I de m , o p.cit., p . 2 11 a nd t he n o tes r eferr ing t o t he i nscr ip t ions wh ich r efer t o s o ld iers.

3 3.

C IL , I I , 1 261, 7 826.

3 4.

C IL , I I , 1 303.

3 5.

C IL , I I , 1 2572.

3 6.

C . Da icov iciu , A ISC

3 7.

I , 2 , 1 933, p p. 6 1-62.

A . Cät ina§, S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 3 43 w ith n otes 1a nd 3 F or t he r ecen t 8i nscr ip t ions f ound a t U lp ia Tra iana, s ee H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I , 1 975 , p p. 1 59-163;

I . P iso , AMN

X I I I , 1 976, p p. 8 9-93, f i gs. 1 -7. 3 8.

A . C h it ina , o p.cit., p . 3 44, w ith n o te 1 0 , men t ions 1 57 monu men ts. 1 3 n ew p ieces ( 11 f ound a t U lp ia Traiana i n t he c ourse o f t he e xcavat ions c arr ied o u t i n 1 973 a nd 1 974, a nd 2 u npubl ished p ieces s tored i nt he museu ms a t Deva a nd S ar m izegetusa ) , a nd 2 o ther monu men ts r ecen t ly f ound a t Apu lu m ( c f . C . BäluO , A pu lu m , X IV, 1 976, p p. 1 41-142, f i g. 2 /3 a nd 4 ) t he n u mber o f s cu lp tures f ound i n Dac ia r eaches a t o tal o f 1 72 p ieces.

3 9.

A . Cät ina§, l oc.c it., 2 n ew p ieces must b e a dded t o t h is f i gure ( c f . C . Ba luta, l oc . c i t .

4 6

4 0.

A . Ca ina5, o p.cit., n o te 1 1.

4 1.

A . Bodor , o p .cit., p . 2 36 s qq.

4 2.

I de m , o p.c it., p . 2 38.

4 3.

I . I . Russu , S CIVA,

4 4.

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , A MN , X I I , 1 975 , p p. 1 59-163;

2 5, 4 , 1 974, p . 5 89. H . Da icov ic iu

a nd c o l labora tors, S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 2 29 ;

H . Da icov ic iu ,

D . A l icu , Te mp Iul l u i L iber Pater d e l a S ar m izegetusa (ms.);

D . A l icu ,

Te mp lu l l u i L iber Pa ter s i s anctuaru l l u i S i lvanus d e l a S ar m izege tusa, p aper p resen ted a t t he s ess ion o f t he Museu m o f Na t iona l H istory a nd Archaeo logy , Constan ta ( 21-23 Oct. 1 977 );

D . A l icu , E . N e me , RLS

( H. Da icov ic iu , Preface, p . 3 ). 4 5.

Magaz in , n o. 1 041, f ro m S epte mber 1 7 t h 1 977 , p . 8 .

4 6.

C IL , I I , 1 433;

G . Tgg ns, HT , I , 1 902, p . 6 7;

C . Da icov ic iu , AC M IT ,

I V , 1 932-1938 , p . 3 95. 4 7.

G . Ttglas, o p.c it , p . 6 8.

4 8.

C IL , I I , 1 598;

I . Berc iu , A l. Popa , Apu lu m , V , 1 965 , p p. 1 90-192,

n o. 7 . 4 9.

C . Bä lu jà ,Apu lu m , X IV, 1 976, p p. 1 37 , 1 39.

5 0.

C IL , I I , 1 426, 7 918;

5 1.

C . Bà lu ä ,Apu lu m , X IV , 1 976 , p . 1 36.

I . P iso , AMN , X I I , 1 975 , p p . 1 68-170. With r egard t o t he c ult o f

Minerva , s ee a lso I . Berc iu, A l . Popa, 2 2..c i t . ,p p . 1 80-181; 0 . F loca, AMN , V , 1 968, p p. 1 11-113; C . C . Peto lescu a nd c ol labora tors, Apulu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p p . 6 90-691. 5 2.

G . S zin te , HTRTE, V I I I , 1 897 , p . 3 7; 7 0 ;

G . T egr as , HT , I , 1 902, p p. 6 9-

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 31;

D . A l icu , AMN , X II I , 1 976,

p p. 1 47-148. 5 3.

The n ew t r ia l e xcava t ions wh ich w il l b e c arr ied o u t i n t he s u m mer o f 1 978 , w il l p robably c lar ify t he b u ild ing p hases o f t he t e mp le.

The p rob-

l e ms c onnected w ith t he c ul t e d if ices a t S ar m izegetusa a nd r el ig ious l i fe t here w il l b e t rea ted i n a work i n p repara t ion. 5 4.

I DR , I I/1, p p. 2 37-239.

5 5.

D . Tudor , OTS , p . 4 4 a nd b ibl iography .

5 6.

I DR , I I/1, p . 2 39.

5 7.

0 . May land , HTRTE, WI , 1 893 , p . 1 19.

5 8.

We t hank Prof . I . I . Russu a nd I . P iso f or h elp ing u s t o i den t ify s o me monu men ts

o f N e mes is.

1. C IL , I I, 7 908;

JÖAI, V , 1 902 , Bbl., c . 1 20;

2 .

AE M, X I II , 1 890 , p . 1 93;

C IL , I I , 1 3786, 1 3790 , 1 2593,

p ut u p t ogether b y I . P iso i n Apu lu m, XV, 1 977 , p p . 6 47-650 ; p . 1 40, E6 ( = C iv i ltä , p . 1 55, E7 ) ;

4 .

5 .

C IL , I I ,

JOAI , V , 1 902 , Bbl . C . 1 23 ( =HTRTE, X I I I , 1 902, p . 1 25) ;

J . Trynkowsk i, Prezeg lad H istoryczny , LV I, 1 965, p p . 3 78-379;

4 7

RR ,

AE M , I I, 1 879, p p . 1 04-105,

wh ich i s s upposed t o b e f ro m S arm izege tusa, I DR, I I/2 ; 1 3779;

3 .

6 .

AC MIT , I V, 1 938 , p . 4 10 ;

1 974, p p . 5 90-591, f ig . 5 ;

7 .

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 8 0 ;

S CIVA, 2 5, 4 ,

S argepa , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p p . 6 6-67 .

5 9.

AnnEp , 1 914, n o. 1 22;

D . Tudor , S uc idava ,

Cra iova , 1 974, p . 4 0.

6 0.

C . C . Petolescu a nd c o l labora tors, Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p p. 6 87-690 ; s ee a lso D . Tudor , Dacia , I X-X , 1 941-1944, p p. 4 16-417.

6 1.

I . I . Russu , AM , I , 1 956, p p. 1 26-128.

6 2.

Anuaru l L iceulu i d in A lba J u l ia , 1 934-1936, p . 1 4.

6 3.

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V II I , 1 884, p p. 3 9-40 ;

B . K uszinszky, _AE,

XXV I I , 1 907 , p p. 1 19-120. 6 4.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p p. 2 28-229 , w ith t he b ibl iography o f t he p roble m a nd t he t opograph ica l p lan p . 2 63, n o. X II.

6 5.

I . P iso , A . Rusu , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p p. 1 55-158, f i g. 1 .

6 6.

A . Rusu , S arget ia , X , 1 973 , p . 3 97.

6 7.

I . P iso , A . Rusu , o p .c it ., p . 1 56, a nd t he who le b ibl iography.

6 8.

S . Töth , Acta C lassDebr , I I , 1 967 , p . 8 4.

6 9.

S ee A . Rusu , S arget ia , X , 1 973, p . 3 96.

A p iece p resen ted t w ice b y

A . Rusu ( as n os. 3 a nd 6 ) must b e d educted f ro m t he 1 2 r el iefs k nown i n Dac ia.

F ive o ther r ecen t f inds must b e a dded t o t he 1 1 r epresen tat ions.

7 0.

D . A l icu , E . N e me , RLS ( H. Da icov ic iu , Preface , p . 4 ).

7 1,

I . P iso , A . Rusu , o p.cit., p . 1 57.

7 2.

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I , 1 975, p p. 1 59-162.

7 3.

I de m, o p.cit., p p. 1 62-163.

7 4.

C IL , I I , 115, 1 157;

7 5.

C IL , I I , 8 64;

7 6.

C IL , I I , 1 567;

7 7.

D . I sac, l oc.cit .

7 8.

V . Parvan , ArchAnz, 1 913, 3 , p . 3 72, f i g. 7 ; n o. 4 5;

D . I sac , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 60.

D . I sac, l oc.c it. D . I sac , l oc.c it.

D . Tudor , M IR, I , p . 1 2,

C . Pop , Apulu m , I X , 1 971, p . 5 61, f i g. 6 , 1 ;

Apulu m , I X , 1 971, p . 3 35 s qq., f ig. 2 ;

I . Mitrofan ,

C . C . Peto lescu , Apulu m , X I ,

1 973, p p. 7 59-760 e tc . 7 9.

A . Buday , Erd Miz, XXV I , 1 909 , p . 1 45, s qq.; p . 2 9 , n o. 1 63 , p . 3 3, n o. 2 39 ; s qq.;

f i g. 6 a -b;

D . Tudor , MIR , I , 1 938 ,

D . Protase , Apu lu m , I V , 1 961, p . 1 37

E . Ch ir ila , N . Gudea , V . L ucäcel , C . Pop , Castru l

r o man d e l a Buciu m i.

Con tr ibu. t i i l a c ercetarea l imesu lu i Dac ie i Poro-

l i ssens is , C lu j, 1 972 , p p. 1 07-108 , n o. 1 , p l. CXXX; I X , 1 972 , p . 6 9 , f i g. 4 ; p p. 4 33-444; 8 0.

C . Pop , S arget ia ,

C . Pop , T . A lbu lescu , Apu lu m , X IV , 1 976,

D . I sac , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p p. 1 55-162 e tc.

D . Tudor , MIR , I , 1 940 , p . 4 2, n o. 2 64, p . 4 3, n o. 2 67 , p . 4 4, n o. 2 81; L . Teposu-Dav id , AMN , I , 1 964, p p . 4 73-476, f igs . 1 -7 ; I . M itrofan ,

4 8

AMN , I V , 1 967, p . 5 29 , f ig. 3 ; l a R i§nov-Cu m idava. Bra _ pv ,1971, p . 5 4;

N . Gudea , I . Pop , Castru l r o man d e

Con tr ibup i l a c ercetarea l imesu lu i Dac ie i r o mane, E . Ch ir ilä a nd c o l laborators, o p .c it ., p p . 1 08-109 ,

n os. 2 -4, p l. XC XX I/1-3; Gh. Pop il ian , Apu lu m , I X, 1 971, p . 6 39; N . Gudea , AMN , X , 1 973, p . 5 86 , f ig. 1 a ;

M. J ude-C. Pop , Monu men te

s culptura le r o mane i n Muzeu l d e i stor ie d in Turda , C lu j, 1 973 , p p . 3 3-34; C . Pop , E . N e me , AMN

T ep o su-Dav id ,

8 1.

L .

8 2.

V . Parvan , o p .cit.,

X IV , 1 977 , p p. 1 59-161, f igs . 1 -3 e tc .

OmD , p . 5 28, n o. 1 2; P .

3 72, f i g. 7 ;

D . Tudor , OR 3 , p . 4 01 e tc .

N . Gudea , I . Pop , o p.c it , p . 5 4;

Gh. Pop il ian , o p.cit ., p . 6 38, f i g. 8 , n o. 1 a nd 3 ; c o l labora tors, o p.c it ., p . 1 09 a nd n ote 1 93;

E . Ch ir ila a nd

D . I sac, I . S tratan ,

Bana t ica , I , 1 973, p p. 1 23-124, p l. I V/7;

D . I sac , AMN , X IV , 1 977 ,

p p . 1 63-170 e tc. 8 3.

D . I sac, o p.cit., p . 1 70.

8 4.

I b id.

8 5.

I b id.

8 6.

C . Pop , T . A lbu lescu , 2 2.cit ., p p. 4 33-444.

8 7.

M. Macrea , V ia ta

8 8.

I b id.

8 9.

Fr. Cu mon t , L es r el ig ions o r ien ta les d ans l e p agan is me r o ma in , Par is, 1 929 , p . 2 6;

9 0.

p . 3 67.

M. Macrea , l oc.c it.

W. Drex ler , Des Cu ltus d er a egyp t ischen Got the iten i n d en Donau ländern My tho log ische Be iträge , I , 1 890 , L e ipz ig;

Fr. Cu mont , o p.c it .;

D .

Popescu , Melanges d e PEco le r ou ma ine e n France, Par is, 1 927 , p p . 1 59-209 ;

L . W. J ones, The Cul ts o f Dacia , Berkeley-London , 1 929;

0 . F loca , EDR , V I , 1 935, p p. 2 04-234; 1 937-1940 , p p. 3 00-301;

C . Da icov ic iu , TransAnt , p p. 1 49-153; Reperto ire;

C . Da icov ic iu , Dacia , V I I-V II I ,

i de m ,A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932, p p . 8 1-88; F r. Cu mont , M MM;

P . Merla t , J up iter Do l ichenus.

d e s yn thbse, Par is, 1 960 ;

M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M;

AMN , V I , 1 969 , p p. 1 67-186;

I . I . Russu ,

S . S an ie, Dac ia , X IV , 1 970 , p p. 2 33-

2 41;

i de m, AMN

1 59;

D . Tudor , Apu lu m , I V , 1 961, p . 1 45;

p . 5 49 s qq.;

P . Merlat ,

Essa i d ' interpre tat ion e t

X , 1 973, p p . 1 67-168;

i de m , Ep igraph ica , p p. 1 31D . I sac , AMN , V I I , 1 970 ,

C . C . Pe to lescu , Apulu m , I X , 1 971, p p. 6 43-658;

L .

V idman , S y l loge i nscr ip t ionu m r e l ig ion is I s iacae e t S erap iacae, Praga, 1 969 ; A l. Popa , I . Berciu , IMCD , p p. 3 15-324. 9 1.

F r. Cu mont , o p.c it ., p p. 4 5-51; 1 912.

Gra il lot , L e c ul te d e Cybele, Par is,

For Dac ia s ee 0 . F loca , EDR, V I , 1 935, p p . 2 06-207;

C . C .

Peto lescu , Apu lu m , I X , 1 971, p p. 6 44-646. 9 2.

C IL , I I , 1 100-1102; 9 0-91;

Ä . Buday , Do lgClu j, V II , 1 , 1 916, p p. 6 8-69,

S . Ferr i, ARD , p . 1 69 , f ig. 2 02;

C iv ilth , F 110 , 1 12, 1 14;

M. J . Ver maseren , IMCD , p p. 4 01-408. 9 3.

With r egard t o t he o r ien ta l c u lts i n Dac ia I n fer ior , s ee C . C . P eto lescu , Apu lu m

L X , 1 971, p p . 6 43-658. 4 9

9 4.

C IL , I I , 1 582.

9 5.

D . Tudor , S uc idava , Cra iova , 1 974, p . 4 0.

9 6.

C . C . Petolescu , Apulum , I X , 1 971, p . 6 45, n otes 9 -10.

9 7.

Fr. Cu mont , o p .c it ., p p. 4 6-47;

9 8.

D . Tudor. l oc.c it .

9 9.

S . S an ie, Ep igraph ica , p p. 1 45-147.

1 00.

M. J . Ver maseren , l oc.cit.

Fr. Cu mont , M MM ,I , p p. 1 35-137, 2 80-306;

M. J . Ver maseren ,

C I MR M, I , p p . 2 97-323. 1 01.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 2 49.

1 02.

C IL , I I , 1 428 , 7 908, 7 920 , t o wh ich a s lab i n Deva Museu m must b e a dded ( see I . I . Russu , A I IA C lu j, XV I I I , 1 975, p . 4 17 ); AE M, V II I , 1 884, p . 5 2;

F r. S tudn iczka ,

G . Ttglhs, HT , I , 1 902 , p . 6 2;

0 . F loca ,

EDR, V I , 1 935, p . 2 23. 1 03.

C IL , I I, 7 920 ( t ogether w ith I s is ); C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 9281 932, p p. 8 2-83 , a ltar f ound i n t he s yncret ist t e mple.

1 04.

Porol issu m :

A l. Cu lcer , I . W ink ler , AMN , V I I , 1 970 , p . 5 47.

D . Tudor , Dac ia , I X-X , 1 941-1944, p . 4 20. p . 2 13 ); 1 05.

S uc idava :

( = ide m , Apu lu m

Ro mu la : W, 1 967 ,

C . C . Peto lescu , Apu lu m , I X, 1 971, p . 6 50 , f i g. 6 . D . Tudor , Dac ia , I X-X , 1 941-1944, p . 4 20.

Pota issa :

D .

I sac , AMN , WI , 1 970 , p p. 5 49-552. 1 06.

A l. Popa , S CIV , X , 1 959 , p p. 4 69-471;

i de m , SCIV , X II I , 1 962, p . 1 47 ,

1 50. 1 07.

For t he c u lt o f I s is a nd S erap is i n Dac ia , s ee W. Drex ler , o p .c it.; Popescu , 2 2 .c it ., p p. 1 77-185;

D .

L . V id man , o p.cit ., n os. 6 80-699 ;

I . I . Russu , A I IA C lu j, xvm, 1 975, p p. 4 15-420 ( rev iew t o t he work o f L . V id mann ). 1 08.

For t he ir d iscussion , s ee D . Tudor , OmD , p p. 5 20-521.

The Dac ian

o r ig in was r e jected b y C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I V , 1 941-1943 , p . 2 95. 1 09.

D . Tudor , Corpus Monu mentoru m Rel ig ion is Equ itu m Danuv inoru m , I ( The monu men ts ), L e iden , 1 969.

1 10.

I . I . Russu , AMN , I V , 1 967 , p p . 9 4-105;

i de m , AMN , V , 1 968 , p . 4 70 ,

p resents t he c a ta logue o f f igured monu men ts i n Dac ia. 1 11.

HTRTE, I I , 1 886, p . 8 5.

1 12.

C . Da icov ic iu , TransAnt , p . 1 54.

1 13.

C . Da icov iciu , l oc.c it ., i n c on trast t o Ä . Buday , DoIgClu j, I , 1 911, p . 8 4 s q., who i dent if ied Z eus a nd H era .

These r epresentat ions a re

t yp ica l on ly o f Dac ia , ow ing t o t he f act t hat t hey d ep ict o n ly t he b usts b e ing model led i n c lay , i n c on trast t o o ther p rov inces o f t he emp ire where t hese d e it ies a re r epresen ted i n t he s a me p osit ion b ut f u l l l ength ,(for e xa mp le , t he t erraco ttas f ro m S a mos JÖAI , I I , 1 900 , p . 2 10 ;

r epres-

e n tat ion f ro m Ha tra , Archaeo logy , 2 , 2 5, Apr il 1 972, p . 1 06 e tc.). 5 0

1 14.

For t h is p roble m , s ee C . Da icov iciu , TransAnt , p . 1 52, n ote 3 ; Macrea , V ia ta , p p. 3 78-379;

M.

N . Gostar , A I IA I a§i , I , 1 965 , p p. 2 37-

2 54. 1 15.

Two r epresen ta t ions i nb ronze a re k nown i n p re-Ro man Dacia.

One i s

t he mask a t tr ibuted t en tat ively t o t he g oddess Bend is f ound a t P ia tra Ros ie ( C . Da icov ic iu, Cetatea d ac ica d e l a P ia tra Ro 0e, Bucures3 1, 1 954, p . 1 17 , f ig . 3 7 , c i ted b y s evera l o ther a uthors) a nd a no ther mask f ound a t O cn ita a nd a t tr ibuted t o war g od ( D . Bereu i, Apu lu m, X I II , 1 975, p p . 6 15-617 ) . 1 16.

C . Da icov ic iu , I . H . Cr i an , MCA, V , 1 959 , p p. 3 96-397 , f i g. 8 ; T hin §i d aci , C lu j-Bucure t i , 1 972 , p p. 1 86-187, D 2 35.

1 17.

C . Da icov iciu , TransAnt , p . 1 53;

N . Gostar , o p.c it ., p p. 2 37-254.

1 18.

W. H . Roscher , Ken tauren , W. H . Roscher, L ex My th , I , 1 , L e ipz ig , 1 890-1894, c . 1 032-1089.

1 19.

Th . B irt , Gen ius, W. H . Roscher , L ex My th , I , 2 , L e ipz ig , 1 886-1890 , c . 1 613-1625.

1 20.

Two f ine r el iefs d ep ict ing p rotect ive Gen i i c o me f ro m Apu lu m ( E. Z ef leanu , Apulu m , I I , 1 947-1948 , p . 1 73 s qq.; M. Macrea , V ia t ,a , p . 3 65, p res en ts a Gen ius n autaru m , t he o ther o ne f ro m Transy lvan ia ( Ä . Buday, Do lgClu j, V I I , 1 , 1 916, p p . 8 6-87 , f ig . 2 5, p ub l ishes a Gen ius c ast roru m) .

1 21.

Th . B irt , l oc.c it .

1 22.

D . Tudor , MIR , I , 1 938 , p . 2 8 , n o. 1 48 , f i g. 3 3/8;

5 t .

Ch ip , Rev ista Muzeelor

C . C . P eto lescu ,

Monu mentelor, 3 , Bucure§t i, 1 974, p .

6 2 , n os. 1 3-15 , f i g. 2 3-25. 1 23.

For t he c ata logue o f L ares f ound i n Dacia , w ith b ibl iography , s ee C . Pop , Apu lu m , X I I , 1 974, p p. 5 99-607 , f i g. 1 -6 a nd C . Pop , A . Rusu , Apu lum , XV I , 1 978, p p . 1 85-188 .

1 24.

G . Wissowa , L anes, W. H . Roscher , L ex My th , I , 2 , L e ipz ig , 1 8941 897 , c . 1 892-1893.

1 25.

I de m , o p.c it., c . 1 891-1897.

1 26.

I b id.

1 27.

C . Pau ly , Thana tos, W. H . Roscher , L ex Myth , V , L e ipzig , 1 916-1924, c . 4 81-529.

1 28.

F or e xa mp le, S . Ferr i, ARD , f ig. 8 4, RepSta t

3 29 ;

S . Reinach ,

I , 1 , 1 897, p . 4 29 , n o. 6 , p . 4 31, n os. 1 -3;

I , 2 , 1 898, p .

4 89 , n o. 6 ; I V , 1 910 , p . 2 59 , n ös. 3 -6; A . S chober , D ie r öm ischen Grabsteine v on N or icu m u nd Pannon ien , Wien , 1 923, p . 1 31, f i g. 1 51 e tc .

1 29.

V . Pärvan , ArchAnz

3 , 1 913, p . 3 72, n os. 1 3-15, f i g. 8 ;

EDR, I V , 1 926-1927 , p p. 8 1-82, f i g. 4 a -b; L . Teposu-L . Märgh itan , AMN

Gr. F lorescu ,

S . Ferr i , ARD , f i g . 4 08;

V I , 1 969 , p . 1 61, n o. 1 , p l. I , 4 ;

D . I sac, IMCD , p p . 1 89-190 , f i g. 3 a -b e tc. 1 30.

A . FurtwYng ler , Gorgones-Gorgo , W. H . Roscher , L exMy th , I , 2 , L e ipz ig , 1 886-1890 , C . 1 695-1727. 5 1

1 31.

D . A l icu , A . Rusu , AMN , X I , 1 974, p p . 9 5-97, f ig. 4 ;

A . Rusu , C . Pop ,

E . N e me , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p p. 1 07-108 , f ig. 1 0. 1 32.

G . Bordenache , Dac ia , N .S ., V I , 1 962 , p p . 4 89-495;

0 . F loca , La to mus,

XX IV , 2 , Bruxel les, 1 965, p p . 3 53-358, p l. XXX IV ( = 0 . F loca , S arget ia , V I I , 1 970 , p p. 7 9-86 , f i gs. 1 -2 ); p p . 1 83-197 ;

M. Gra ma topol , Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 ,

C . Pop , A MN , XV, 1 978 , p p . 1 35-165; C . P op , S arget ia , X II I

1 977 , p p . 5 43- 5 47 . 1 33.

M. Macrea , S CIV , 1 -4, V II I , 1 957 , p p . 2 15-245; S . F err i, ARD , p p. 3 02-305, f igs. 4 02-405; D . Tudor , OR 3 , p . 3 28 ( = D . Tudor , Drobeta , Bucure t i , 1 965, p p. 4 2-43 );

D . Radu , Apulu m , V I I , 1 , 1 968, p p. 4 33-

4 41, f i gs. 1 -3 e tc . 1 34.

M. Macrea , o p.cit ., p p. 2 31-233, f i gs. 6 -13;

G . Ga mer , Ger man ia ,

4 6, 1 , 1 968, p . 5 8, p l . 1 3 , 1 -2 a nd p l. 1 4, 2 ;

RR, p . 2 49 , G 107-113,

p l . 2 3 ( =Civ iltä . , p p. 2 40-241, G65-71, p l . L I I );

C . P op , AMN , XV ,

1 978 , p p . 1 42-144, n o . 1 1a , f ig . 9 . 1 35.

M. Macrea , o p.c it ., p . 2 36 , f i g. 1 5; 1 4, 2 ;

RR, p . 2 76, G230

G . Ga mer , o p.c it ., p . 5 7 , p l.

p . 2 41, G72 );

C . Pop , AMN , XV ,

1 978 , p7 147 , n o . 1 2 , f ig . 1 6 . 1 36.

D . Tudor , OR 3 , p . 3 28; 4 3;

D . Tudor , Drobeta , Bucure t i, 1 965, p p. 4 2-

RR, p p. 2 48-249 , G 104, p l. 7 2 ( =Civ iltä , p . 2 41, G73, p l. L II I ).

For t he i dent if icat ion o f t he f igure , s ee C . Pop , AMN , XV , 1 978 P p . 1 41-142 , n o . 7 , f ig . 7 . 1 37.

0 . F loca , l oc.c it .

1 38.

G . Bordenache, l oc.c it .

1 39.

For a l l t hese p ortra its s ee M . Gra ma topo l, l oc .c it .

1 40.

C f . A . A lfO ld i, Mit tDArch Inst , 5 0 , 1 935, p . 1 17 s qq.

1 41.

C . Pop , S arget ia, X I I I , 1 977 , p . 5 45;

1 42.

M. Macrea , o p.c it., p . 2 34 a nd n ote 6 5.

1 43.

C . Pop , l oc.c it .

1 44.

B . Csern i , AF M p p. 3 05-306 , f ig. 1 6; 1 42, G57 );

RR , p . 1 23, G64 ( =Civ iltä , p .

A l . Popa , I . Berc iu , Apulu m , XV , 1 977 , p p . 2 22-223, f i g.

8 ; C . Pop , AMN , XV , 1 45.

C . Pop , A MN , XV, 1 978, p . 1 64 .

1 978 , p . 1 36, n o . 1 , f ig . 1 .

A l. Popa , I . Berc iu , o p.c it., p p. 2 23-225, f ig. 9 ;

C . Pop , AMN , XV ,

1 978 , p . 1 36, n o . 2a -b, f igs . 2 -3 . 1 46.

C . Pop , AM N , XV , 1 978 , p . 1 58 , n o . 3 0 .

1 47.

D . Tudor , S uc idava , Bucure t i , 1 966, p . 1 6 , f i g. 5 A-C; C . Pop , AMN , XV , 1 978 , p . 1 36, n o . 3a -c .

1 48.

C . Pop , AMN , XV , 1 978 , p . 1 36, n o . 5 .

1 49.

A l . Bärcäc ilg , 4 0 , f i g. 3 6 , 5 1;

a rcheo log ie e n Rou man ie, Bucure9t i, 1 938, p p . 3 7 , i de m , S CIV , 1 , XV II , 4 , 1 966 , p . 6 58, f i g. 11 /13;

C . Pop , AMN , XV , 1 978 , p . 1 38 , n o . 6a -c, f igs. 4 -6 .

5 2

1 50.

S ee n o te 1 36.

1 51.

C . Pop , AMN , XV ,

1 52.

I bid.

1 53.

T .I. R., L .34, p . 6 5; n o. 5 ;

1 978 , p . 1 42, n o . 8 , f ig . 8 .

M. Moga , N . Gudea , T ib iscus, I V , 1 975, p . 1 36 ,

C . Pop , AMN , XV , 1 978 , p . 1 42 , n o . 1 0 .

1 54.

S ee n ote 1 34.

1 55.

S ee n ote 1 35.

1 56.

V . Pärvan , AR MS I , s er. I , XXV , 1 912-1913, p . 2 8 , n o. V I I , 3 3, p l. X , 4( =ArchAnz, 3 , 1 913, c . 3 91, n o. 3 2 );

1 57.

C . Pop , AMN

XV , 1 978 , p . 1 47 , n o . 1 3 .

For b oth s tatues s ee Gr. Toc ilescu , Fou il les e t r echerches a rcheo log iques e n Rou man ie, Bucure t i , 1 900 , p . 1 40 , n o. 5 , f igs. 7 8-80 ;

D . Tudor ,

HOR 3 ,p . 3 01, f ig . 8 0 ; Gr. F lorescu , Castru l r o man d e l a Räcar i Dol j. S äpä tur ile d in 1 928_5i 1 930 , Cra iova , 1 931, p p. 2 0-23, n o. 3 , f i g. 1 3; G . Ga mer , o p.c it ., p . 5 5 a nd n o te 1 2, p l. 1 0 , 3 -5;

C . Pop , AM N , XV ,

1 978 , p . 1 49, n o . 1 4 a -h , f ig . 1 8 . 1 58.

For a l l t hese f rag men ts s ee D . Tudor , MIR, I , 1 938 , p . 2 8 , n o. 1 44-145 , f i g. 3 3, 3 -4, p . 3 0 , n os. 1 67-168, f i g. 3 8, b -c, p p. 3 2-33, n o. 2 37 , f i g. 3 9;

D . Tudor, Ro mu la , Bucure§t i, 1 968, f i gs. 2 4, 2 5;

AMN , XV ,

1 978 , p p . 1 51-152 , n os . 1 7-21, f igs . 2 1-22 .

1 59.

G . Ga mer , 22.c it ., p . 5 8 a nd n ote 1 2;

1 60.

I bid.

1 61.

C . Pop , AMN , XV ,

1 62.

I b id.

1 63.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p p. 2 42-248; 1 932, p p. 51 6-556; M. Macrea , V ia a

1 64.

1 65.

C . Pop , AMN , XV , 1 978, p . 1 58, n o . 2 7 .

1 978 , p . 1 58, n o . 3 1, f ig . 2 9 .

i de m , Dacia ,

1 927-

D . Tudor , Dac ia , N .S., V I , 1 962 , p p . 1 99-215; p . 3 81 s q.

For e xa mp le, C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p ass i m; p ass im ;

C . Pop ,

S . F err i , ARD ,

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p ass im e tc.

For t he d raped s tatues o f wo men s ee A . Furtwäng ler , H . L . Url ichs, Denkmä ler g r iech ischer u nd r öm ischer S ku lptur , Munchen , 1 934; R ichter , PAPS, 9 5 , 2 , 1 951, p p . 1 84-191;

G .

G . Traversar i , S tatue

i con iche f emm in il i C irena iche, Ro ma , 1 930;

M. B ieber , PAPS , 1 06,

2 , 1 962, p p . 1 11-135 e tc., a nd f or Dac ia A . Hek ler , MK , I V, 1 910 . p p . 1 4-22;

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arget ia , I X , 4 72, p p . 5 5-66 , p l.

I IV. 1 66.

C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932, p . 1 22, f i g. 1 1/1; Dac ia , N .S., V II , 1 963 , p . 2 19 , n o te 5 9;

A . Bodor ,

A . Ch t ina , S arget ia , X I-

X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 3 48 , f i g. 5 . 1 67.

The h ypothes is s ee ms t o b e p lausible i f w e t ake i nto c onsidera t ion t he f act t ha t f rag men ts o f f ra mes o f a pprox i ma tely t he s a me s ize a nd w ith t he s a me mould ing a re p reserved o n many o f t hese p ieces.

5 3

1 68.

0 . F loca , S arget ia , X , 1 973, p p . 1 31-136 , f igs. 1 -3 ;

C . Pop , AMN ,

X IV , 1 977 , p p . 1 24-125, f i g. 1 0. 1 69.

S . Ferr i , ARD , p . 3 44, f i g. 4 60 c en tre.

1 70.

The p iece c o mes f ro m t he v il la o f Gh. Tätärescu a t Po iana Gor j.

1 71.

Gh id Deva , p . 3 5.

1 72.

A . Hek ler , MKt.,I V , 1 910, p . 2 1, n o . 5 6 .

1 73.

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 4 7, f i g. o n p . 5 0 ;

A . Rusu, C . Pop , E . Ne me§,

S arget ia , X I-XI I , 1 974-1975, p p . 1 03-104, f i g. 2 -3 b . 1 74.

S ee n ote 1 68.

1 75.

S . Re inach , RepStat , I V , 1 910 , p . 1 12, n o. 7 ;

R . F le ischer ,

D ie r ö-

mischen Bronzen a us Ö sterre ich , Ma inz, 1 967 , p . 1 46, n o . 1 96, p l . 1 06 . 1 76.

S . Reinach , RepStat

I , 1 , 1 897, p . 1 94, n o. 7 .

1 77.

M. §ma lcel j, Opuscu la Archeo log ica , V I , Zagreb , 1 969 , p . 4 7 , p l. I I , V I.

1 78.

D . A l icu , E . N e me§, RLS, p . 3 4.

1 79.

S . F err i , ARD , p . 3 44, f i g. 4 60 c en tre.

1 80.

S ee t he c o mp lete b ibl iography i n t he c ata logue u nder n o. 3 21.

1 81.

C . Pop , S arget ia , I X , 1 972, p . 7 0 , f i g. 7 a nd b ibl iography .

1 82.

A . Hek ler , M KE, D ionysus; XLLX ) ;

I V , 1 910 , p p . 2 0-21, c on s iders t he p iece a s t he c h ild

RR , p . 2 47 , G97 , p l. 6 ( =Civ il tä , p p. 2 39-240 ,

G 60, P l .

C . Pop , S arget ia , I X , 1 972, p . 7 1, f ig . 8 .

1 83.

A l. F erencz i, Dac ia , I , 1 924, p p. 2 64-272.

1 84.

M. Wärbu lescu , E . N e me9, Apu lu m , X I I , 1 974, p p . 5 87-591, f i g. 1 a -b.

1 85.

C . Pop , E . N e me , AMN , X I I , 1 975 , p p. 1 79-182, f i g. 1 -1 d .

1 86.

A . Hek ler , 22 . c it .

P .

2 1; C . Pop , o p .c it ., p . 7 2, f i g. 1 0 a nd b ibl i-

o graphy. 1 87.

For Mithras, s ee E . Swoboda , JÖAI , XXX , 1 936-1937 , p p . 1 -27.

For

S abazios, s ee F . S taehl in , D ie S chwe iz i n r öm ischer Z eit , 1 948 , p . 5 22. 1 88.

Gh. Pop il ian , Cera m ica r o manä d in O lten ia , Cra iova , 1 976 , p p . 6 7-74.

1 89.

D . Benea , Drobeta , I , 1 976, p p. 5 5-58.

1 90.

D . A licu, ( ms .) .

1 91.

Rad inger , C . Robert , G lycon , RE, V I I , 1 , 1 910 , c . 1 468-1472;

A l.

Cu lcer , Apu lu m , V I , 1 937 , p p . 6 12-617. 1 92.

M. A mand , L ato mus

XX IX , 2 , Bruxel les, 1 970 , p p . 3 40-347.

1 93.

J . Ha mpel , Ak, XXX I , 1 911, p . 2 88 s qq.; F igura lkap itel le, Berl in , 1 962; 1 972, p . 4 77 s qq.;

E . v .

Mek lin , An t ike

Z . Milea , M. Bärbu lescu , AMN , D Z ,

A l. Barnea , I . P . A lbu , S arget ia , X , 1 973, p . 1 55

s qq. 5 4

1 94.

HTRTE, I I , 1 883-1884, p . 8 7.

1 95.

G . Tegr i .s, HT, I , 1 902,

1 96.

I . Andr iIo iu , L . Märgh itan , S CIVA, 2 7 , 1 , 1 976, p . 5 1 .

1 97.

I . Andr iIo iu , L . Märgh itan , l oc.c it.

P .

6 2;

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 923,

P .

2 29.

For t he c u l t o f I upp iter Am mon ,

s ee A l. P opa , Apu lu m , V I , 1 967 , p p. 1 54-156. 1 98.

C . C . Peto lescu , S CIV , 1 , 2 3, 1 972, p . 7 9.

1 99.

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , f i g. o n p . 2 0.

2 00.

G . S zin te , HTRTE, V I I I , 1 897, f i g. 1 2.

2 01.

A . Fodor , p l. 4 4, b .

2 02.

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 2, n o. 1 64.

2 03.

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 1 9.

2 04.

A . Bdeth ius, J . B . Ward P erk ins, E truscan a nd Ro man Arch itecture, L ondon , 1 970 , p . 4 69 , p l . 2 40.

2 05.

Ga l l ia , ) 0 ( I I I , 2 , 1 965 , p . 3 13.

2 06.

F r. S tudn iczka , AE M , V I I I, 1 884, p . 3 7.

2 07.

D . I sac , I . S traton , Ban .a t ica , I , 1 973 , p . 1 28 .

2 08.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 33 w ith b ibl iography.

2 09.

J . A . H ild , Fons, DA, I , 2 , 1 896, p . 1 236.

2 10.

J . Benkö , HTRTE, X I I , 1 901,

2 11.

I de m , o p .cit., p . 8 3;

2 12.

8 3.

p .

I . Berc iu , Apu lu m , I V , 1 961, p . 1 57, n o te 2 .

I . Berc iu , o p.c it., p . 1 57.

The e xhaust ive b ibl iography o f t wo mosa ics

u nder n ote 4 i n t he work b y I . Berc iu . s ib le works f ro m t h is b ibl iography :

We h ave s elected t he most a cces-

J . Bedeus, Abb ildung v on zwe i a l ten

Mosa iken , v elche im J ahre 1 823 z u VArhely i n Hunyader Co m ita t e ntdeck wurden , H er mannstad t Gazet te

u . K ronstadt ( S ib iu a nd Bra5ov) , 1 825 ;

L ondon , 1 823, p . 6 86;

M. J . Ackner , Re ise n ach Värhely i n

a n t iquar ischer H insich t im J ahre 1 832, Trans ilvan ia , 2 64-285, p l . I V ;

I ,

p en tru minte, i n i mâ

L iterary

2 , 1 834, p p. 2 22-235, p l. X ;

I , 2 , 1 832 , p p . S t. Mo ldovan , Foa ie

il i teraturä , Bra , 5ov , 1 853, p . 2 70;

P . l erä . ly ,

U lp ia Tra iana Augusta Colon ia Dac ica S ar m izegetusa Metropo l is, Budapest , 1 891, p p. 1 13-118 , f i gs. 1 9-20;

i de m , Dac ia Prov incia August i , Nagy-

b ecskerek , 1 894, p p. 1 52-154; 1 59-160; S . S zilägy i , A p . CCX , p ls. I II ;

G . Tegr as, HT , I , 1 992, p . 6 1, f i gs.

Magyar N e mzet Törtenete, I , Budapest , 1 905 ,

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 27, n ote 1 ; I . I .

Russu , S tCo m , 1 2, 1 965, p p. 5 6-57. 2 13.

M . J . Ackner, MCC, I , 1 856 , p p. 9 3-96.

2 14.

I . Berc iu , o p .c it., p p. 1 62-163;

M . J . Ackner , Re ise...., p p . 2 82-

2 83. 2 15.

M. J . Ackner , Re ise...., p p. 2 73-279 , 2 83-285, p ls. I -IV ; Chron ik , p p . 1 19-120 ;

5 t .

Mo ldovan , o p .c it., p . 2 70; 5 5

C . Gooss,

C . Da icov ic iu ,

Dac ia , I , 1 924,

P .

2 27; I . Berc iu , o p .c it ., p p. 1 65-171.

2 16.

D . A l icu , S CIVA,

2 8, 1 , 1 977 , p p. 1 11-119.

2 17.

0 . May land , HTRTE, XV I I I , 1 908 , p . 9 6.

2 18.

I . Berc iu , o p .c it., p p. 1 71-183, p ls. V I I I-XI I.

2 19.

E . S agl io , C l ipeus, DA, I , 2 , 1 887 , p p. 1 248-1260.

2 20.

S evera l s tud ies a re d evoted t o t h is o rna men ta l mot if .

We men t ion :

J . Z ingerle, JÖAI , XX I-XX I I , 1 922-1924, p p. 2 42-250; Ger man ia , 6 , 1 922, p p . 2 4-31; 3 1-37; 4 22;

G . Hock ,

F . Drexel , Ger man ia , 6 , 1 922, p p .

L . N agy , AE, 4 2 , 1 928 , p p . 6 8-95;

Ga l l ia , 3 3, 2 , 1 975 , p . 5 61;

Ga l l ia , 3 0 , 2 , 1 972, p .

D . A l icu , C . Pop , V . C A . . t .äna , AMN ,

X I I I , 1 976, p p. 1 29-132. 2 21.

For t he d if fusion o f t h is mot if i n mosa ics s ee J . Chr istophe, Ga l l ia , YaV , 1 , 1 967 , p . 9 8.

2 22.

C . Da icov iciu , S arget ia , I , 1 941, p p . 19-120 , f i g. 1 .

2 23.

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I , 1 975, p p. 1 59-163.

2 24.

C . Th ierry , An tef ixa , DA, I , 1 , 1 877, p p . 2 85-287.

2 25.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 33, w ithco mp lete b ibl iography.

2 26.

C . Da icov ic iu , 0 , F loca , S arget ia , I , 1 937 , p . 2a nd n ote 1 .

2 27.

I de m , o p.cit., p . 6 .

2 28.

I de m , o p .c it., p p . 1 0-14.

2 29.

I de m, o p .cit., p p . 1 7-18.

2 30.

H . Da icov ic iu 2 31;

a nd c o l labora tors, S arget ia , X I-X I I, 1 974-1975, p p. 2 29-

D . A l icu , A MN , X I I I , 1 976 , p p . 1 42-143;

D . A l icu , E . N e meso

RLS ( H. Da icov ic iu , Preface, p . 4 ), p l. LXV. 2 31.

S o me works d ea l ing p ar t icu larly w ith a ed iculae i n Dacia : 0 . F loca , W. Wo lsk i, B M [

y ear XLI I, n o . 3 , 1 973, p p . 3 -52, 8 0 ;

Mar inescu, MN , I , 1 974, p p . 1 3-22 ; 2 32. 2 33.

i de m, S CIV , 3 , 2 5, 1 974, p p . 4 17-425 .

N o e xa mp le h as s o f ar b een f ound i n Dacia I nfer ior. For t he c a ta logue o f a ed icu lae s ee : 0 . F loca , W. Wo lsk i, o p.cit., p p . 4 -30;

2 34.

L . T eposu-

L .

T epo su -Ma r ine scu ,

S CIV , 3 , 2 5 , 1 974, a ddenda , p p. 4 24-425.

A s ide f ro m Napoca a nd a r oof f ro m G i l : 6u a re i n t he Museu m o f t he H istory o f Transy lvan ia.

I . H ica-Cfmpeanu , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p p. 2 30-

2 31, f ig. 3 -3 a , p ubl ishes a nother p iece. 2 35.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , MN , I , 1 974, p . 2 2; p . 4 22;

i de m , S CIV , 3 , 2 5, 1 974,

D . I sac, A MN , X I , 1 974, n ote 2 6.

2 36.

0 . F loca , W. Wolsk i, o p .c it., p p . 4 2-47.

2 37.

C . Da icov ic iu , TransAn t , p . 1 45 , n ote 1 ; AMN , V I , 1 969 , p . 1 61 e tc .

5 6

L . T eposu , L . Mä .rgh itan ,

2 38.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S CIV , 3 , 2 5, 1 974, p . 4 22.

2 39.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , MN , I , 1 974, p . 1 9.

2 40.

I bid .

2 41.

I bid.

2 42.

I de m, o p.c it , p p. 1 9-20.

2 43.

C . Pop , A . Rusu , MN , I I , 1 976, p p. 1 53-157 , f ig. 1 .

2 44.

I de m , 22 .c it., p p . 1 56-157.

2 45.

A . Fodor , p l. 6 9;

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 1, n o. 1 50; 0 . F loca ,

AMN , V , 1 968, p p. 1 20-121, n o. 8 , c onsiders wrongly t hat t he p iece c o mes f ro m Mic ia. 2 46.

For e xamp le, S . Ferr i, ARD , p . 2 90 , f i g. 3 76-378; G 158, p l. 3 3 ( =Civ il tä , p . 2 57,

RR, p p. 2 59-260 ,

G 146 ).

2 47.

S ee n o tes 2 25-230.

2 48.

H . Da icov ic iu , Apulu m

2 49.

I de m, o p .c it ., p . 3 46.

2 50.

I bid .

2 51.

D . I sac , V . Wol l mann , I . P . A lbu , S arget ial X , 1 973, p . 1 37.

2 52.

I de m, o p.cit., p p . 1 40 . -146.

2 53.

R . Münsterberg, J . Oeh ler , JÖAI , V , 1 902, Bbl , c . 1 33.

2 54.

WI , 1 , 1 968 , p p . 3 33-341.

R . Münsterberg , J . Oeh ler , 22 .c it., Bbl., c . 1 34 a nd n ote 6 ; ARD, f i g. 3 51;

S . Fer ii ,

L . Reau , D ict ionna ire p olyglotte d es t er mes d 'art e t

d iarcheo log ie, Par is, 1 953. 2 55.

R . Münsterberg , J . Oeh ler , l oc.c it.

2 56.

R . Münsterberg , J . Oeh ler , l oc.c it.;

F . K oepp , Ger man ia r o mana , I I

( D ie Grabdenkmä ler , Tex t u . Ta feln ), Ba mberg , 1 926 , p . 5 4, n o. 1 , p l. XL IV :

" Einfassung e iner g rösseren Grabstä tte".

2 57.

MCC, N . F . 2 C ( I I , p . 6 4, n o. 2 5.

2 58.

Het tner , S te indenkmä ler i n Tr ier , n o. 2 43 a pud R . Münsterberg , J . Oeh ler , o p .c it ., Bbl., c . 1 34, n ote 1 0.

2 59.

S o me works r eferr ing t o t he f ree f unerary meda l l ions i n Dac ia : A . S chober , Do lgClu j, I , 1 911, p p. 2 75-281; p p. 1 23-128 , 1 36-137 , 1 43-145; 3 23-331;

Gr. F lorescu , EDR, I V , 1 926-1927, D . Protase, S CIV

D . P rotase , S tC1 , I I , 1 961, p p. 1 31-141;

A ldea , I . Ch ifor , V . L ucäcel , Apulu m

X I, 2 , 1 960 , p p. C . Pop .

WI , 1 , 1 968, p p. 4 13-420; C .

Pop , V . Moga , I . A l. A ldea , AMN , I X , 1 972, p p . 5 03-516 e tc. 2 60.

C . Pop a nd c o l labora tors, AMN , I X , 1 972, p p . 5 03-516.

2 61.

I de m, o p.c it., p . 5 13.

2 62.

I bid.

5 7

I . A l.

2 63.

I b id.

2 64.

I de m , o p.c it., p p . 5 13-514.

2 65.

I de m, o p.cit ., p . 5 14.

2 66.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S CIV , 2 , 1 972, p p. 2 19-220.

2 67.

C . Da icov iciu , TransAn t , p . 1 45 , n ote 1 ;

D . Protase , S CIV , 2 , X I ,

1 960 , p p. 3 30-331; D . Protase, S tC1 , I I , 1 961, p p . 1 40-141;

C . Pop

a nd c o l labora tors, AMN , I X , 1 972, p . 5 15. 2 68.

S ee n ote 2 67.

2 69.

C . Pop a nd c o l labora tors , AMN , I X , 1 972, n ots 5 2-53.

2 70.

M. Bärbu lescu , A I IA C lu j, XLX , 1 976 , p p. 2 67-268, s urveys t hese monu men ts.

2 71 .

Buday , Do lgC lu j, V I I, 1 . 1 916, p . 8 1 s q ., f ig . 2 2 ;

A . Bodor ,

S tud ia, s er . I V, H istor ia , Fasc . 1 , 1 960, p . 3 2 , n ote 4 4, f ig . 6 i de m, Dac ia, N .S ., V I I , 1 963 , p . 2 17 , n ote 4 2, f ig .9 ) ; C . Pop . A MN , V , 1 968, p p . 4 81-482 ;

RR , p . 2 35, G30 ( = C iv i lta,

p p . 2 29-230, G 1) . 2 72.

A . Fodor a nd A l. Bärc k ilä , o p.c it ., p . 1 95 c op ied t he d raw ing b y A . F . Mars igl i;

a f terwards, V . Wo l l mann , Apu lu m , X II I , 1 975 , p . 2 06 ,

n o . 5 , f ig . 6a -b, p ub l ished t he monu men t w ith d i mensions a nd i l lust rat ion . 2 73.

M . Barbu lescu,

,p . 2 71.

The p iece c ou ld b e af rag men t o f p ilaster t ak ing i n to a ccoun t t he q uadr il atera l c ross-sect ion a nd t he massiveness.

2 74.

C . Pop , o p.cit ., p . 4 81, f i g. 3 a -b.

2 75.

P . Ro manel l i, Enc icloped ia c lass ica , Ro ma , p p. 2 63-264, p l. 2 18-219.

2 76.

M. Bärbu lescu , 2 p.. c it ., p p. 2 72-273.

2 77.

R . Münsterberg , J . Oeh ler , JÖAI , V , 1 902, Bbl., c . 1 26.

2 78.

Gr. F lorescu , EDR, I V , 1 926-1927 , p p . 1 13, 1 42-143.

2 79.

F . Drexel , D ie b elg isch-ger man ischen P fe ilergrab mN ler , I , M ittDArchI nst , XXXV , 1 920 , p . 2 7 s qq.

2 80.

C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932, p p . 1 13-116, a nd b ib l iography .

2 81.

0 . F loca , W. Wo ls ld, BM I, y ear XL I I , 3 , 1 973 , p . 5 0 .

2 82.

I b id.

2 83.

R . Münsterberg , J . Oeh ler , JÖAI , V , 1 902, Bbl ., c . 2 16;

Gr. F lorescu ,

o p.cit ., p . 1 15, n o. 6 8, f i g. 5 7. 2 84.

A . S chober , D ie r öm ischen Grabste ine v on N or icu m u nd Pannon ien , Wien , 1 923, f i g. 1 86;

Führer d urch d ie a n t iken S am m lungen d es L andes museu ms

i n K lagen fur t , Wien , 1 921, f i g. 1 4. 2 85.

Gr. F lorescu , o p .c it ., p p. 1 19-123.

2 86.

A l. Popa , Apu lu m , V I , 1 957 , p p. 1 54-155. 5 8

2 87.

We men t ion o n ly works p ubl ished i n t he Ro man ian l i tera ture.

Recent ly ,

L . Teposu- Mar inescu i n h er d octora l t hes is, Monu men te f unerare r o mane d in Dacia S uper ior , d ea ls i n d epth w ith d if feren t c a tegor ies o f s epu lchra l monu ments, i nclud ing s telae, f ro m a n a r t ist ic p o in t o f v iew. ( Engl ish e d it ion , B .A. R., f or thco m ing.) 2 88.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arget ia , X I-XI I , 1 974-1975, p . 2 50.

2 89.

0 . F loca , Dac ia , V I I-V I I I , 1 937-1940 , p p. 3 42-343,

f igs . 3 , 4 ;

L .

T eposu- Mar inescu , S arget ia , X I-X II , 1 974-1975, P . 2 50 , n ote 1 3. 2 90. 2 91.

Gr. F lorescu , 22 .c it., p p . 8 9-90 , f i g. 1 7. G . F lorescu , Imonu ment i f unerar i r o man i d ella Dac ia I nfer iore, Bucure t i, 1 942, p p. 1 8-23, 2 7;

L . T eposu- Mar inescu , S arget ia , X I-

X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 2 50 , n ote 1 3. 2 92. 2 93.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 2 52. Roeder , J . I l berg , S ph inx , W . H . Roscher , L ex My th, I V, L e ipzig , 1 9091 915 , c . 1 298, s qq.; M. Renard , L a to mus, I X , Bruxel les , 1 950 , p p. 3 03-310;

i de m , Apu lu m

V I I , 1 , 1 968, p p . 2 72-305.

2 94.

A . Bodor , AMN , V , 1 968, p . 4 99 , n ote 1 .

2 95.

I de m , o p.c it., p p. 4 99-501.

2 96.

A . F . Mars igl i , DanPan Mys, I , p l . 5 8-59;

S . J . Hohenhausen , A lthDac,

p p. 6 5 , 6 8-69 , 7 7-79 , 8 1. 2 97.

A . Fodor , v ol. V I.

2 93.

S e mat is m , p p. 1 79-182; n ote 3 0;

D . I sac , Bana t ica , I , 1 971, p p. 1 17-120 a nd

D . I sac, I . S tra tan , Bana t ica , I , 1 973, p p. 17-129.

5 9

ABBREV IAT IONS

Ackner , M. J ., Mü l ler , F . I nschrDac AC MIT

M. J . Ackner , F . Mü l ler , D ie r dm ischen I nsc hr if ten i n Dac ien.

Wien , 1 865.

Anuarul Co m is iun ii Monu men telor I stor ice , S ecga p en tru Trans ilvan ia.

C lu j, I( 1926-

1 928 ), I ( 1929 ), I I ( 1930-1931), I V ( 1932-1938 ). ActaClassDebr

Acta C lass ica U n ivers itat is S c ient iaru m Debrecen iens is.

Debrecen , 1 965

AE

Archaeo log ia i Ertes it i 5 .

Budapest , I( 1869 )

AE M

Archaeo log isch-ep igraph ische M it tei lungen. Wien , I( 1377 ) 20 ( ( 1896 ).

AF M

A ls6feher v g .r megye monogräf ik ja .

A I IA C lu j

Anuaru l I nst itutu lu i d e I stor ie

A iud , 1 901.

iArheo log ie

C lu j. A IIA I ap i

Anuarul I nst itutu lu i d e I stor ie § i Arheo log ie I a§ i.

A ISC

Anuarul I nst itu tu lu i d e S tud i i C las ice.

C lu j ,

I( 1928-V ( 1949 ). A l icu , D ., N e me§, E . RLS

D . A l icu , E . N e me§, Ro man Lamps f ro m S ar m izegetusa .

Br it ish Archaeo log ica l

Reports, 1 8, Oxford , 1 977. AM

D in a ct iv itatea muzeelor.

C lu j, I( 1955 )-1 1

( 1956 ). AMN

Acta Muse i Napocens is.

AnnEp

Ann e Ep igraph ique.

AO

Arh ivele O lten iei.

C lu j, I( 1964 )

Par is.

Cra iova , I( 1920 )-XV II I

( 1939 ). Apu lu m

Apu lu m. J u l ia.

Bu let inu l Muzeu lu i Reg iona l A lba

A lba I u l ia , I( 1939-1942 ), I ( 1943-

1 945 ), I I ( 1947-1949 ), I V ( Stud i i § i c o mun icar i , Acta Muse i Reg iona l is Apu lens is, 1 961), V ( 1965 ), V I ( 1967 ), V I I/1-2 ( 1968-1969 ), V I I I ( 1970 ), I X ( 1971 ), X ( 1972 ), X I ( 1973 ), X I I ( 1974 ), X I I I ( 1975 ), X IV ( 1976 ), XV ( 1977 ), X IV ( 1978 ). Arad

Muzeu l j udelean , Arad .

6 0

Archaeo logy

Archaeo logy.

A Magaz ine Dea l ing w ith t he

An t iqu ity o f t he Wor ld . ArchAnz

Archäo log ischer Anze iger.

ArchKözl

Archaeo log ia i K özle mdnyek .

Ber l in , I( 1889 )

Budapest , I

( 1859 )-X I I ( 1899 ). AR MS I

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Me mor i ile S ect ie i

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1 916/ 1919 , s er ia I I , 1 922/ 1923-1944/ 1945. AVSL

Arch iv d es V ere ins f ür S iebenb i irg ische Landesk unde.

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Hunyadmegye i Törtdnel m i d s Rdgeszet i Tärsu la t Evk i inye.

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Budapest-Deva , I( 1882 )-20 ( 1 1 ( 1914 ).

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Bucure t i ,

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Mit the ilungen d er k .k . C en tra l-Co m m is ion z ur Erforschung u nd Erha ltung d er Baudenkma le. Wien , I( 1856 )

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K ronstad t ( Brasov ),

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W. H . Rdscher , Ausführl iches L ex ikon d er g r iech ischen u nd r öm ischen My tho log ie.

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Rö mer i n Ru män ien.

Ausstel lung d es Rö m isch-

Ger man ischen Museu ms Kö ln u nd d es H istor ischen Museu ms C lu j.

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RRH

Revue Rou ma ine d 'H istor ie.

S arget ia

S arget ia.

Bucure t i, I ( 1962 ),

Bu let inu l Muzeu lu i Reg iona l Hunedoara.

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S ar m izegetusa

Muzeu l d e a rheo log ie, S ar m izegetusa.

S CIV

S tud ii § i c ercetär i d e i s tor ie v eche. I( 1950 )-24 ( 1973 ).

S CIVA

Bucure t i ,

S ee a lso S CIVA.

S tud ii § i c ercetär i d e i s tor ie v eche

ia rheo log ie.

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J . S e ivert , I nscr ip t iones monu mentoru m Ro manoru m i n Dac ia Med iterranea.

S ib iu

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U lp ia Tra iana

C . Da icov ic iu , H . Da icov ic iu , U lp ia Tra iana ( Sar m izegetusa r o man. ).

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6 5

Haga ,

CA TA LOGUE GRAEC O-ROMAN DEIT IES

AESC ULAP IUS AND HYG IEIA 1 .

I nv . 1 508.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief .

P la te I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

3 6 x2 7 x 4 cm

The u pper p art a nd t he r igh t l ower c orner a re m iss ing. Hyg ie ia ( on t he l ef t ) a nd Aescu lap ius ( on t he r igh t ). i n h i mat ion i s h o ld ing ap a tera i n h is r igh t h and ; w ith s nake.

I n t he c entre

The g od p ar t ly d ressed

p atera i s r est ing o n as taf f

Hyg ie ia i n ad ouble-ch i ton i s h o ld ing a v ase i n h er l ef t h and .

S he i s f eed ing t he s nake a t h er r igh t s ide.

On t he l ower l ef t-hand s ide o f t he

r el ief i s Eros l ean ing o n ac lub. On t he l ower b order i s t he f o l low ing i nscr ip t ion :

N um ( in i ) A escu l (ap i i )

e [t Hyg ( iae ) ]/U [l ]p ia I anu [ar ia v (otu m ) 1 ( ibens ) p (osu it ) ? ) The r e l ief was r ecovered f ro m a w el l i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d evo ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia ;

i t was t hrown i n to t he w el l b y

t he Chr ist ians a t t he e nd o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D . I . P iso , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p. 6 0-61, f i g. 5 a -b; Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p p . 6 98-702 , f i g. 3 /8;

A . Rusu ,

H . Da icov ic iu , P ont ica , I X , 1 976 ,

p . 6 3. 2 .

I nv . 1 509. S lab.

S ar m izegetusa.

Marble.

P la te I

Restored .

S ize :

2 9.5 x 4 3 x4 .5 cm

The f i eld o f t he i nscr ip t ion i s f l anked b y t wo e ars wh ich a re s y m metr ica l ly a rranged .

I n t he c en tre i s t he h o le f or f ix ing t he p late t o t he wa l l .

I nscr ip t ion :

A escu lap io e t / I lyg iae/ P (ubl ius ) F lacc in ius F el ix/ex v o to.

F ound i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . The s lab i s d a ted t o t he e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D. I . P iso , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p . 5 8-59 , f i g. 2 . 3 .

I nv. 1 0145. Rel ief .

S ar m izegetusa .

Marble.

P la te CXL I I I

F rag mentary .

S ize :

1 6 .9 x 9 x 2 .6 cm

On ly t he l ower p art o f r el ief i s p reserved .

On t he r igh t-hand s ide t here

a re v is ib le : t he t ips o f t he t oes o f A escu lap ius w ear ing s anda ls , t he l ower e nd o f h is man t le , t he s nake 's t a i l ;

o n t he l ef t-hand s ide i s t he l ef t s o le o f Hyg ie ia .

The r igh t-hand e x tre m ity o f t he r el ief s hows a s cu lptura l d eta il w h ich i s h ard ly d ist ingu ishable ( t he man t le o f t he g od o r t he p aws o f ad og? )

6 7

On t he l ower b order i s t he f o l low ing i n scr ip t ion :

[ Nu m lin i Aescu lap io e t /

[ Hy ]g iae U lp ( ius ) Av il l ( ius ) F loren t i (nus ) /e x v oto . A c hance f ind made a t ad istance o f a bou t 3 00 m f ro m t he n or th w estern c orner o f t he a nc ien t t own . Da te :

f irst h a lf o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN 4 .

I nv. I .N . 2 604. Bas-rel ief .

X I I I , 1 976 , p p. 9 4-97 , f ig. 9 .

C lu j-Napoca

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

On ly t he l ower r igh t c orner i s p reserved ;

1 5.7 x 1 5.2 x 3 cm

i ts hows t he t races o f a n

a n i ma l wh ich c anno t b e i den t if ied . On t he b order a n i nscr ip t ion :

[ ?Deo Aes ]culap io/ [ e t Hygna e x v o to.

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n ot k nown. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury

I DR , I I 2 , 1 74. 5 .

L ost ;

i tf or mer ly b elonged t o t he L ycge a t Oräspe.

L ow r e l ief .

Marble.

F rag mentary .

S ize :

P late CXL I I I

3 8 x1 5 x 5 cm

On ly h a lf o f t he l egs o f A escu lap ius a nd T elesphorus h ave s urv ived. On t he l ower b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : [ Aescu lap io e ] t Hyg iae/ [ ...e ]x v oto . Chance f ind . Date :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury

B . J än6 ,

XXX I I , 1 912, p . 4 07 ;

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924 , p .

2 53, f i g. 1 6. 6 .

I nv . 1 505. Rel ief .

S ar m izegetusa

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 0 x 9 x 3 cm

S o me f o lds c over ing a f oot c an j ust b e d ist ingu ished .

On t he b order , a n

i nscr ip t ion ..pro s [a lute A ../ ...]Cl (aud ius ) Ga ian [us ? ]. Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mplex o f t e mp les d evo ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . I ti s d a ted t o t he f irst h a l f o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . I . P iso , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 6 3, f i g. 8 a -b. 7 .

I nv . 1 97. S ta tue.

D eva Marble.

P la te I I F rag men tary .

The s tatue r epresen ts Hyg ie ia ;

H e igh t :

1 43 cm

t he h ead a nd t he r igh t a rm a re m iss ing.

The g oddess i s w ear ing a d ouble c h iton a nd s anda ls.

On t he l ower r igh t-hand

s ide , p robably Telesphorus. On t he b ase , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : A el ( ius ) The i mes. 6 8

Aes(cu lap io ) e t Hyg iae/P (ubl ius )

Chance f ind. Da te :

2 nd c en tury A . D.

C IL , I I , S upp l . 7 896; 3 61;

P . K irä ly , G . Tdg läs, ErdM i 17, V I , 1 889 , p p . 3 60-

G . Teg läs , HT , I , 1 902 , p . 6 8;

N . I gna , Cu ltul l u i Aescu lap § i a l

Hyg ie i , C lu j,1935, p . 7 1, f i g. 3 2;

I . I . Russu , AMN , V I , 1 969 , p . 1 79 ;

Gh id Deva , p . 4 6. 8 .

I nv. 1 493. S tatue ,

S ar m izegetusa.

Marble.

P la te I

F rag men tary .

H e igh t :

7 4 cm

The s ta tue r epresen ts Aescu lap ius d ressed p ar t ly i n ah i ma t ion ;

t he h ead ,

t he r igh t h and a nd t he l egs a re m iss ing. The s ta tue was d iscovered i n aw el l ( t ogether w ith t he c ata logue n o. 1 ) i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d evoted t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia ; i t was t hrown i n to t he w el l b y t he Chr ist ians a t t he e nd o f t he 3 rd c entury A .D . A . Rusu , Apu lu m , X [ I I , 1 975, p . 7 02 , f i g. 3 / 10 ;

H . Da icov ic iu , Pont ica ,

I X 1 976, p . 6 3. 9 .

I nv. 5 698. H igh r el ief .

S ar m izege tusa. Marble.

P late I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

3 6 x1 8 x6 .5 cm

The s ta tue r epresen ts Aescu lap ius d ressed p ar t ly i n ah i ma t ion .

The h ead ,

t he r igh t a rm a nd t he l ower p ar t o f t he l egs a re m iss ing. I t was f ound i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d evo ted t o Aescul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia. Da te :

2 nd c entury A .D .

1 0. I nv. 5 746.

S ar m izegetusa.

H ead o f s tatuet te. h e igh t o f f ace :

U npubl ished.

Marble.

P la te I Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

f u l l h e igh t :

9 cm ;

7 cm

The b earded h ead o f Aescu lap ius. Found i n t he e nc losure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d evoted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Date :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

1 1. I nv. 1 507. Bas-rel ief .

Unpubl ished.

S ar m izegetusa. Marble.

P la te I

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 4 x 9 x 3 cm

On ly t he u pper r igh t s ide o f t he p iece i s p reserved ;

i ts hows A escu lap ius

i n ah i ma t ion. Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d evoted t o Aescu lap ius a nd H yg ie ia. Date :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . Rusu , Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 7 02 , f i g. 3 /9.

6 9

1 2. I nv. 1 2979. S ar m izegetusa . S tatue. Marble. F rag men tary.

S ize :

h e igh t 3 9 cm

he p robable The p iece wh ich i s much e roded b y wa ter o n ly s uggests t S he i s d ressed

image o f Hyg ie ia , whose h ead , a r ms a nd f eet a re miss ing. i n ad ouble c h iton .

Found i n aw el l , w ith t he c a ta logue n os. 1 a nd 8 , i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia. Da te :

e nd o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

A . Rusu , Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 7 02, f i g. 4 / 11. 1 3. I nv . 6 224. S tatuet te.

S ib iu . Marble.

F rag men tary.

Hyg ie ia s tand ing o n ab ase.

S ize :

h e igh t 2 1.4 cm

The h ead i s miss ing.

d ouble c h iton i s h o ld ing a s nake i n h er h ands.

P la te I I

The g oddess i n a

On t he l ower r igh t-hand s ide

i s Telesphorus d ressed i n ah ooded man t le a nd h o ld ing a v o lumen o r ac asket i n h is h and . Chance f ind . Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

C . Ma ior , Cu ltu l z e i lor med ic ine i Aescu lap

iHyg ia i n Dac ia ( t hes is i n

mss a t t he Un ivers ity o f C lu j-Napoca ). 1 4. I nv. 1 506.

S ar m izegetusa .

S tatuary f rag men t.

Marble.

S ize :

l eng th 7 .2 cm

The r igh t h and o f Hyg ie ia h o ld ing a s nake. Found i n t he p rec inct o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

A . Rusu , Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 7 03 , f i g. 4 / 12 a -b. 1 5. I nv. 1 2980.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tuary f rag men t .

Marble.

P la te I H S ize :

l eng th 1 5 cm

The f rag men t p robab ly r epresen ts t he h and o f Hyg ie ia h o ld ing a n o blong o b ject ( papyrus s cro l l? ) Found i n t he p rec inc t o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyge ia. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

A . Rusu , Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 7 03 , f i g. 1 6.

4/ 3

.

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

T elesphorus.

7 0

S ize :

h e igh t 1 0 cm

Chance f ind . Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

B . J ä .n6 , AE, XXX I I , 1 912 , 1 7.

P .

4 07.

L ost p ieces. Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

2 7 x2 7 x 4 cm

Hyg ie ia a cco mpan ied b y Eua mer ion a s a sma l l c h i ld o n t he r igh t-hand s ide ).

The p iece was s een i n ac hurch a t Haleg i n 1 890.

Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

I . Or ient , Aus r öm ischen Z e iten . Phar m. Post ., Wien , 1 901, n o. 2 3; A . L enghel , Date n ouã d espre c u l tu l l u i E sculapin Dac ia Tra ianä , ( Clu j ), P .

3

.

APOLLO 1 8. I nv . 5 561. S ta tuet te.

C lu j-Napoca. Marble.

P la te I V

F rag mentary .

S ize :

3 5.5 cm x 1 6.3 cm

The t orso a nd t h ighs o f a ma le d e ity , p erhaps Apo l lo.

The d e ity i s w ear-

i ng a c h la mys; o n t he b reast , t he b el t f ro m wh ich t he q u iver h angs a t t he b ack , b es ide t he h ead o f Delph ic p y thon . Chance f ind. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c entury A . D.

C . P op , Apulu m , I X , 1 971, p . 5 59 , f i g. 5 /2. D IANA 1 9. I nv . 2 02.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te V

Marble.

D iana h un t ing.

Restored .

S ize :

3 0 x2 0 x 5 cm

S he i s w ear ing a c h iton a nd h i ma t ion.

S he i s h o ld ing t he

b ow i n h er l ef t h and a nd i s p u l l ing o u t a n a rrow f ro m t he q u iver w ith h er r igh t h and .

A t t he f eet o fg oddess , ad og a nd a h are.

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing

a re u nknown . Da te :

2 nd c entury A .D .

S . F err i , ARD , p p . 3 43-344, f i g. 4 60 r igh t ( =Civ ile a , p . 2 03, F 23 ); 2 0. I nv . 1 2981. Bas-re l ief .

RR , p . 2 23, F 133

M. Bärbu lescu , Dac ia , N .S ., XV I , 1 972 , p . 2 11.

S ar m izegetusa . Marble.

P late V I

S trong ly e roded .

S ize :

2 0 x1 4 x1 .5 cm

D iana d ressed i n c h iton a nd h i ma t ion i s h o ld ing t he b ow i n h er l ef t h and a nd i s p ul l ing o u t a n a rrow f ro m t he q u iver o n h er b ack w i th h er r ight h and. Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

2 nd A .D . c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 7 1

2 1. I nv. 2 19. Deva. Bas-rel ief . Marble.

F rag men tary .

P la te W 1 6 x1 7 x 3 cm

S ize :

On ly t he u pper r igh t-hand s ide o f t he r e l ief i s p reserved :

b ust o f D iana

h o ld ing ab ow i n h er l ef t h and . Chance f ind . Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 2 2. I nv . 2 3169. Bas-rel ief .

Deva. Marble.

P late V Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

2 8.5 x 1 9.7 x 3 .2 cm

D iana h un t ing . S he i s w ear ing c h iton , h i ma t ion a nd h igh s anda ls. The g oddess i s h o ld ing ab ow i n h er l ef t h and a nd i s p u l l ing o u t a n a rrow f ro m t he q u iver o n h er b ack w ith h er r igh t h and.

A s em i-c ircu lar d iade m o n h er h ead .

The g oddess i s f l anked b y t wo d ogs. The p iece c o mes f ro m S tre isfngeorg iu . Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

I . Andr il ,o iu , Rev ista Muzeelor , 6 , Bucure t i , 1 969 , p p . 5 31-532; Barbu lescu , Dac ia , N .S . XV I , 1 972, p . 2 11. 2 3. I nv. 3 8927.

Bucharest.

S tatuary g roup .

P la te V I

Marble.

D iana o n a n o va l b ase.

M.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

2 7 x1 8 cm

The h ead a nd t he a r ms a re m iss ing.

wear ing c h iton a nd h i ma t ion a nd h igh b oo ts.

S he i s

A t t he l ef t f oot , a sma l l c o lumn

( t runk o f t ree? ) a nd t wo d ogs. Chance f ind . Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D.

R . Münsterberg , J . O eh ler , HTRTE, X I I I , 1 902, p . 1 21; F 135 ( =Civ il tä , p . 2 03, F 21 );

RR , p . 2 23,

M. Bärbu lescu , Dac ia , N .S., XV I , 1 972, p .

2 12 , f i g. 1 1. 2 4. I nv . 1 2982 a -c.

S ar m izegetusa .

S tatue. Marble. S evera l f rag men ts. S ize : f rag men t a , t ota l h e igh t 2 7.5 cm , h e igh t o f f ace 1 7 cm; f rag men t b , l eng th 2 1.5 cm ; f rag men t c , 1 0 x1 4 cm. d estroyed. ( b )

( a )

D iana 's h ead s l igh t ly i ncl ined t o t he r ight ;

The waved a nd c ur led h a ir i s k not ted o n h er n ape.

The u pper p art o f t he r igh t f oot o f g oddess;

h er s anda l i n t he s hape o f l ea f a re p reserved .

t he f ace i s P la te I V.

t he s traps a nd t he t ongue o f ( c )

The l ower p ar t o f t he

q u iver w ith a rrows. The f rag men ts w ere f ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana , J uno a nd Hercu les. Da te :

e nd o f t he 2 nd c entury A .D .

Unpubl ished .

7 2

2 5. I nv. I .N . 1 0623. S ta tuet te.

C lu j-Napoca .

G i lded b ronze.

The p ieces r epresen t D iana. a re b roken o f f. i n t he a ir.

P la te CX I

F rag men tary.

S ize :

5 5 x2 5 cm

The f ace i s d estroyed a nd t he a r ms a nd l egs

S he i s w ear ing t he c h iton a nd h i ma t ion , wh ich s ee ms t o f l oa t

The l ong , p arted h a ir i s k not ted i n ak roby los , wh ich s uggest t he

h orns o f moon , o n t he t op o f h ead. Found i n t he s ou thern a rea o f t he a nc ien t t own , e xtra muros. Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

H . Da icov ic iu , OmD , p p. 1 31-139 ; F 127 , p l . 7( =Civ iltä . ,

P .

2 04 , F 26 );

U lp ia Tra iana , f i g. 1 7 ;

RR , p . 2 2 .2,

M. Bärbu lescu , Dac ia , N .S ., X IV , 1 972,

p . 2 12 , f i g . 1 3 . 2 6. I nv . 174. S tatuet te.

Deva . Bronze.

P la te CX I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 9 .6 cm ;

h e igh t o f

f ace, 1 .3 cm D iana .

The f ore-ar m a nd t he l ower l ef t l eg a re b roken o f f.

u sua l d ress. ac rescen t .

S he w ears t he

The h a ir i s a rranged i n t he s hape o f r o l l whose e nds r ise l ike S he i s p u l l ing o u t a n a rrow f ro m t he q u iver o n h er b ack w ith h er

r igh t h and . Chance f ind . Da te :

3 rd c en tury A .D .

I . Andr ijt o iu , S arget ia , V I I , 1 970 , p p. 9 3-95 , f igs. 1 -3;

M. Bärbu lescu ,

Dac ia , N .S ., XV I , 1 972, p . 2 12. 2 7. I nv . 1 468.

The p iece d isappeared f ro m t he Museu m o f S ar m izegetusa i n

1 977.

P la te CX I I I-CX IV

S ta tuet te.

Bronze.

h eigh t o f t he f ace :

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

t ota l h e igh t 1 6.2 cm ;

1 .6 cm

The g oddess i s w ear ing c h iton a nd h i mat ion , wh ich s ee m t o f l oat i n t he a ir , a nd sma l l h un t ing s anda ls.

H er a bundan t h a ir i s c urled a nd t i ed u p w ith

at aen ia i n a sma l l k not a t t he n ape.

S he p robably h eld t he q u iver a nd a rrows

wh ich h ave n ot s urv ived , i n h er o u tstretched h ands. Found a t Ostrov. Da te :

t he 2 nd c entury A .D .

C . P op , E . N e me , AMN , X I , 1 974, p p. 8 5-91, f i g. 1 -1 d ;

A . Rusu ,

E . N e mej , C . Pop , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 1 02, f i g. 2 . 2 8. I nv. 4 37.

S ar m izegetusa .

App l ique . Wh ite meta l . h e igh t o f f ace 2 .2 cm

P la te CX I I

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t ota l h e igh t 6 cm ;

Beard less f igure o f p lu mp f or m. The a bundan t h a ir i s r a ised i n t he s hape o f ad iade m , s uggest ing a c rescen t , w ith a sma l l k not a bove t he f oreh ead .

The f igure c ou ld b e i den t if ied w i th t he g oddess o f h un t ing o n ly o n t he

b as is o ft he c o if fure. 7 3

Found i n Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 4 0;

A . Rusu , E . N e meg, C . Pop , S arget ia , X I-

X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 1 07 , f i g. 9 . 2 9. I nv. 2 01.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief d ep ict ing S ilvanus a nd D iana ( see c a ta logue n o . 1 18 , p l . XXV I I I ). HECATE 3 0. I nv. 1 8713 Bas-rel ief .

Bucharest . Marble. Wel l-preserved .

Fron ta l image o f Heca te; h ead i s u ncovered ;

S ize :

P late V I I 2 0.5 x 1 2 cm.

t he o ther t wo f i gures a re o n ly s uggested.

H er

t he l egs a re n ear t o e ach o ther , t he a r ms a re c lose t o t he

b ody a nd s pread f ro m t he e lbow t o t he s ides.

S he i s h o ld ing a k n ife i n h er

r ight h and a nd a wh ip i n h er l ef t h and . Chance f ind . Da te :

3 rd c en tury A .D .

Ä . Buday , Do lgClu j, V I I , 1 , 1 916, p p . 2 8-29 , f i g. 1 ;

G . Bordenache,

SGR , p . 5 8 , n o. 1 00 , p l . XLV. 3 1. I nv. 2 11 Deva . Bas-rel ief .

P late V I I

Marble.

Wel l-preserved .

A t r ip le image o f Hecate;

c rude work .

S ize :

2 1.4 x 1 4.1 x 1 .5 cm

The f i rst f igure i s i n f ron ta l

a t t itude a nd w ears a l ong d ress a nd o ver i t ac h iton . The g oddess i s h o ld ing at orch u pwards i n h er l ef t h and a nd a nother d ownwards i n h er r igh t h and . The o ther t wo f igures o f t he g oddess a re s ke tched i n p ro f ile a nd s ee m t oho ld t he s ame a t tr ibu tes i n t he ir h ands.

A l l t hree f i gures s ee m t o w ear k a la tho i.

Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 3 rd c entury A .D .

Ä . Buday , Do lgClu j, WI , 1 , 1 916 , p p . 2 9-31, f i g. 2 . 3 2. I nv. 2 10.

D eva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te V I I Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

3 2.5 x 2 1.9 cm

The c en tra l f i gure o f H eca te w ears t he u sua l d ress a nd h o lds at orch i n b oth h ands; s hou lder. ak a la thos.

t he t orches a re l ean ing i n as o mewha t u nusua l p osit ion o n t he The h a ir s ee ms t o b e c ur led a nd p ar ted .

The g oddess i s w ear ing

The o ther t wo f i gures o f t he * d e ity a re s hown i n p rof ile, b u t t he

h ead i s f u l l-faced.

The c o if fure i s t he s a me a s t ha t o f t he c entra l image.

Hecate i s h o ld ing u p ak n ife i n h er r igh t h and a nd a t orch d ownwards i n h er l ef t h and . The c ircu mstances o f f i nd ing a re u nknown. Da te :

3 rd c en tury A .D.

A . Buday,

Do lgClu j, V I I , 1 , 1 916 , p p . 3 1-32 , f i g. 3 . 7 4

3 3. I nv . 2 33. S tatue.

Deva . Marble.

P la te WI I Wel l-preserved. S ize :

h e igh t 1 30 cm

Heca te t r ifor m is d ressed i n c h iton a nd l ong h i ma t ion .

The c en tra l f igure

i s h o ld ing a t orch i n h er h and a nd t he l atera l images a re h o ld ing w h ips i n t he ir h ands. Chance f ind. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

A . Buday , Do lgClu j, WI , 1 , 1 916 , p . 3 3; 4 63; 3 4.

S . F err i , ARD , p . 3 46 , f i g.

Gh id D eva , f i g. 5 5. L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

S ize : 4 5 x3 0 x 2 cm

Two F e ma le f i gures a re h o ld ing t orches i n t he ir h ands ( Heca te ? ). The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

H i lare v oca ta D epp ia ( ? ) G ide ( ? ) e x v o to p osu it .

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re u nknown . Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

B . J än6 , AE, XXX I I , 1 912 , p . 5 1. 3 5.

L ost p iece. S tatuary f rag men t.

Marble.

Frag men t o f ab ase b elong ing t o as ta tue o f H eca te.

Found b y A l . B ' arcä-

c il ä , o n t he e dge o f al ime-k iln i n U lp ia Tra iana. A l . Bärchc ilä , AO , I , 7 , May-June, 1 923 , p p. 1 83-184. HERCULES 3 6. I nv. 1 64, 1 68 , 1 97 , 2 13 , 1 2983. Frag ments o f f r ieze ( ? ). f rag men tb , 3 4 x1 2 cm; f rag ment e , 1 1 x9 .5 cm ;

S ar m izegetusa.

Marble.

S ize :

f rag ment a , 1 7 x2 3 cm ;

f rag men t c , 2 1 x1 5 cm ;

f rag men t d , 1 5 x1 0 cm ;

f rag men t f , 7 5 x3 5 cm.

The f o l low ing f i gures c an b e i den t if ied o n t h is monu ment : f i gh t ing t he N e mean L ion ( p l . I X ); Ery man thean b oar i n h is h ands ;

a ) H ercu les

b ) t he n ude b ust o f t he h ero h o ld ing t he o n h is b reast , t he k not ted l i on 's p aws ( p l . I X );

C ) t he l ef th and o f Hercu les h o ld ing t he k not ted c lub a nd t he h ead o f a n a n i ma l ( dog ? ) , t urned t owards t he h ero ; h orn i s h eld i nh is h and ( p l . D Z );

d ) t he h ead o f t he Cretan b ul l , whose r igh t e ) t he f orear m o f t he h ero w ith u pra ised

c lub; i n t he c en tre o f t he s cene , t wo t rees f ro m wh ich a q u iver w i th a rrows h angs ( p l. I X );

f ) t he l ower p art o f müzzle a nd t he t h ick n eck

af e ma le h ead c overed w ith f lu t ter ing v ela men a t t he b ack ; o f t he h ydra o f L erna ;

o f ab ul l (? );

t he t a il p robably

f lora l p a t terns ( p l . X ).

Found i n r oo m n o . 3i n t he n orthwestern c orner o f Aedes Augusta l ium. The f rag ments a re d a ted i n t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

7 5

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I IIV , 1 927-1932 ,

P .

5 27;

i de m , AC M IT , I V , 1 932-

1 938 , p p . 4 09-413, f i g. 3 9 ; U lp ia Tra iana , p . 8 9 ; Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p p. 3 7-38; M. Bärbu lescu , E . N e me , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 9741975 , p p. 3 17-322, f i g. 1 -5; M. Bärbu lescu , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p p . 1 82-183 , n o. 3 3, f i g. V I/2. Restored b y I . P iso. 3 7. I nv. 1 5874. Bas-rel ief .

D eva .

P la te D (

Marble.

F rag men tary.

S ize :

1 5.5 x 2 9 x4 .1 cm

The u pper p ar t o f as cene i s p reserved ; i ts hows t he y oung , b eard less h ero h o ld ing a b uck 's a n t lers o f Arte m is. On t he b as is o f t he a rt ist ic t echn ique i n w ork ing t he b as-rel ief , w e a re i ncl ined t o c onsider t h is p iece a s b elong ing t o t he s a me f r ieze f ro m t he Aedes Augusta l iu m ( see t he f rag men ts , c a ta logue n o. 3 6 ). T he c ircu mstances o f f i nd ing a re u nknown . M. Bärbu lescu , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 84 , n o. 4 3. 3 8. I nv . 2 3452.

D eva .

Bas-rel ief .

f i g. V I I/ 1.

P late X

Marble.

F rag men tary.

S ize: 4 7.5 x 3 7.8 x 4 .8 cm

The p iece , whose l ower p art i s m iss ing , s hows H ercu les. a nd w i th b eard ;

He i s n ude

e xuv ia l eon is ( t he c laws o f t he b east a re v isible a t t he f ron t )

i s h ang ing o ver h is s hou lder a nd l ef t a r m.

H e i s h o ld ing t hree a pp les f ro m

t he g arden o f t he Hesper ides i n h is l ef t h and. s ibly i s l ean ing o n c lub.

T he o ther a rm i s d own , p os-

Type o f H ercu les "Masta i" .

Found a t S ä la p l d e S us ( t he c ircu mstances a re n ot k nown ). Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

M. D . L azär , S arget ia , X , p p . 4 09-412, f i g. 1 ;

M. Bärbu lescu , AMN ,

X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 87 , n o. 3 5 , f i g. V I I I/2. 3 9.

L ost p iece. Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

S tand ing H ercu les.

F rag mentary.

S ize :

1 0 x9 .5 cm

The s k in o f t he N e mean l i on i s h ang ing o ver h is l ef t

a rm ; i ts ee ms t ha t h e i s h o ld ing t he c lub i n h is r igh t h and.

Type Hercu les

"Masta i" . Chance f ind . Da te :

Co l lect ion M. L itsek .

3 rd c en tury A .D .

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 56 , f i g. 1 8/ 1; X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 83 , n o. 3 4. 4 0. I nv . 1 2984 a -e. S ta tue.

S ar m izegetusa .

Marb le.

S evera l f rag men ts.

f rag men tb , l eng th 3 7.7 cm ; 2 8 cm ;

M. Bärbu lescu , AMN ,

S ize :

f ragmen t a , l eng th 1 06 cm ;

f rag men t c , l eng th 3 0 cm ;

f rag men t d , l eng th

f ragmen ts e , l eng th 1 9 cm a nd 2 2 .7 cm .

a ) The l ef t l eg o f Hercu les; e xuv ia l eon is.

o n o ne s ide , t he c lub;

P l . X .

7 6

o n t he r igh t s ide ,

b ) The r igh t l ower l eg o f H ercu les. C ) The r igh t p art o f H ercu les' c hest a nd t he b ase o f h is n eck . d ) H ercu les ' f ore-ar m b en t f ro m t he e lbow . e ) Type H ercu les "Masta i" .

The d el to id muscles.

Frag men ts f ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana , J uno a nd H ercu les. Date :

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 4 1. I nv . 2 321.

S ar m izegetusa.

S ta tuet te.

Bronze.

P la te CXV

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 4. 8 cm ;

h e igh t

o f f ace 0 .8 cm. Hercu les d ressed i n t he s k in o f t he N e mean l i on i s h o ld ing t he c lub , l ean ing o n h is s hou lder , i n h is r igh t h and . Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

3 rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 4 2.

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

J up iter w ith t hunderbo l t a nd Hercu les w ith s tag ( see a lso c a ta logue n o. 5 1 ). Found a t C iope ia o r S ar m izegetusa ( t he c ircu mstances o f f i nd ing a re n o t k nown ). Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

S t . Mo ldovan , F oa ie p en tru m inte , i n i mä s i l i teraturä , = XV I , Bra pv , 1 854, p . 1 92;

D . T udor , OTS , p . 1 09 ;

M. Bärbu lescu , AMN , X IV , 1 977 ,

p . 1 84, n o . 1 42. 4 3. I nv . 2 090. S lab.

S ar m izegetusa .

Marble.

P la te X

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

9 0 x1 50 x 2 1 cm

The u n in scr ibed f i eld o f t he s lab i s f lanked b y H ercu les ( on t he l ef t-hand s ide a nd Mercury ( on t he r igh t-hand s ide ).

The s k in o f t he N e mean l i on

c overs t he h ead a nd t he s hou lders o f t he h ero who i s h o ld ing t he c lub i n h is r a ised r igh t h and .

A t h is r igh t s ide , Cerberus c an j ust b e d ist ingu ished.

On

t he r igh t-hand s ide , Mercury i n ac h la mys i s h o ld ing c aduceus a nd t he p urse. On t he r igh t-hand s ide , b elow , ac ock ( see a lso n o. 8 4 ). The s lab a dorned t he p ark o f t he c ast le a t S in ta mar ia Or lea a nd was r et urned t o S ar m izegetusa i n 1 976. Da te :

3 rd c en tury A .D .

V . Wo l l mann , A pu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 2 13, f i g. 1 4 a -b; V . Cä tAnas , AMN , X I I I , 1 976 , p . 1 28 , f i g. 5 ; 1 977 , p . 1 88, A . F odor , p l . 4 7-f .

7 7

D . A l icu , C . P op ,

M. Bärbu lescu , AMN , X IV ,

JUNO 4 4.

I nv . 7 424. S lab.

C lu j-Napoca .

Marb le.

P la te X I

Restored .

S ize :

2 9.4 x 2 8.3 x 3 .7 cm

The i nscr ip t ion i s e nc losed b y ad ouble f rame a nd t he c harac ters a re p a in ted w i th m in iu m. The i nscr ip t ion :

Two e ars a re c arved b elow t he i nscr ip t ion . I onon i Re/g in i ( s ic ) Mar/c ia Cara .

On t he l ower b order t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

V (o tu m ) s (o lv it ) 1 ( ibens )

m (erito ). Chance f ind . Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D.

Ä . Buday , D o lgClu j, V I I , 1 916, p . 3 4, f i g .5 ; A . L enghe l, C lu ju l med ica l, n o .5-6, mayiune, C lu j, 1 926, p . 7 , f ig . 3( ex tras) ; RR , p . 1 94, F il p . 2 01, F 12 ) . 4 5.

L ost p iece. B . J 5 .n6 men t ions t he b ust o f ah orned w o man a t U lp ia T ra iana ;

h e i den-

t i f ied t he f igure a s J uno a s S osp ita . B . J ä .n6 , AE, XXX I I , 1 912, p . 5 1. JUPITER 4 6.

I nv . 1 511.

S ar m izegetusa .

Openwork r el ief .

Marble.

P la te X I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

On ly t he l ower p art o f t he r el ief h as s urv ived.

1 3.5 x 2 9.4 x 3 cm

I n t he c en tre , t he l egs

o f J up iter a nd o n t he r igh t-hand s ide , t he e ag le ( w ithou t h ead ) w ith o pen w ings. On t he b ase , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : I ( ov i ) 0 (p t i mo) M (ax i mo) U lp ( ius) Max im ianu [s ] / b (ene )f ( ic iar ius ) c o (n )s(u lar is ) v (otu m ) 1 ( ibens ) p (osu it ). F ound i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia. Da te :

t owards t he e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

I . P iso , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p . 5 7-58 , f i g. 1 a -b. 4 7.

I nv . 1 0040. S ta tuet te.

P la te X I I I

S ar m izege tusa . Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 5.5 x 1 5 cm

The t orso o f J up iter d ressed p ar t ly i n ac hla mys.

On t he r igh t , b elow ,

t he e ag le 's h ead . Chance f ind . Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

U lp ia T ra iana, p . 9 3; 1 974, p . 6 4 , n o te 8 .

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 6 0 ;

D . I sac, AMN , X I ,

4 8.

I nv . 3 595. S tatue.

Deva .

P la te X I I I

L i mestone.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

J up iter o f t he " Verosp i" ( t ronans ) t ype. m iss ing.

7 9 x4 5 x4 0 cm

The h ead a nd t he a r ms a re

The g od w ears a man t le a nd s anda ls.

On t he r igh t-hand s ide, b elow ,

t he e ag le i s o n ly s ketched. S een a t Z am b y A . F odor . Da te :

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re u nknown .

2 nd c en tury A . D.

A . F odor , p l . 4 9 ;

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 1, n o. 1 37 ; RR, p .

1 93, F 9 ( =Civ i l th , p . 2 00 , F 4, p l . XX I I );

D . I sac , AMN , X I , 1 974, p . 7 5 ,

p l . 1 1/4. 4 9.

I nv. 4 5. S ta tue.

S ar m izegetusa . Marble.

P la te X I I I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

6 6 x3 8 cm

S im ilar t o t he p rev ious p iece. The c ircu mstances o f f i nd ing a re n ot k nown . Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D.

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 0 , f i g. 3 4;

Gh id S ar m izegetusa e

P .

6 1;

D . I sac ,

AMN , X I , 1 974 , p p . 7 5-76 , p l . 1 1/5. 5 0.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber. S tatue , L i mestone.

Deva.

F rag men tary .

P la te X I I S ize :

6 3 x5 0 cm

The b ase , ap ar t o f J up iter 's l eg a nd t he e ag le a t h is r igh t s ide h ave s urv ived .

The c ircumstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown .

Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tur ies A .D .

D . I sac , AMN , X I , 1 974 , 5 1.

7 6.

P .

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief d ep ic t ing J up iter a nd H ercu les ( see n o. 4 2 ).

5 2.

I nv . 1 8722.

Bucharest.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te X I I

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

J up it er o n t he r igh t a nd Mercury o n t he l ef t .

2 9 x2 4 x 5 cm

J up i ter i s n ude a nd i s

h o ld ing t he s cep tre i n h is l ef t h and a nd a p a tera a bove a n a l tar i n h is r igh t h and . Below , t he e ag le. Mercury w ear ing a c h la mys a nd p etasus a nd i s h o ld ing t he c aduceus i n h is l ef t h and a nd t he p ursue i n h is r igh t h and ( see a lso n o . 8 3 ). The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown. Da te : RR , 5 3.

P .

2 nd c entury A .D . 1 94, F 14 ( =Civ il tä . ,

P .

2 01, F9 ).

L ost p iece. S ta tue ( ? ).

Marble.

S ize :

H e igh t : 4 1 cm

7 9

The e ag le h o ld ing a t hunderbo lt i n h is c laws. Prev iously i n t he c o l lect ion o f t he Graeco-Ca tho l ic B ishopr ic a t L ugo j. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

S e ma t is m , p . 1 81, n o . 2 2; D . I sac , Bana t ica , I , 1 971, p . 1 18 , n ote 3 0. 5 4.

L ost p iece. S tatue.

P la te CXL IV

Marble.

Head less J up iter , o f " Verosp i" t ype. S een a t Z am b y A . F odor. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

A . Fodor , p l . 6 9 ;

t a r B ER 5 5.

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien ,

P .

4 1, n o. 1 36.

PATER

I nv . 2 26.

D eva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te X IV

Marble.

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

4 8 x3 6 x 4 cm

On t he r ight-hand s ide , L iber , n ude, i s w ear ing a n ebrys wh ich c overs h is c hest ;

t he g od i s h o ld ing a t hyrsos i n h is l ef t h and a nd a k an tharos d irected

t o t he p an ther 's h ead i n h is r ight h and.

On t he l ef t-hand s ide , L ibera i n a

l ong c h i ton i s h o ld ing a t hyrsos i n h er r igh t h and ;

t he g oddess i s embrac ing

t he s hou lders o f h er d iv ine p ar tner w ith h er l ef t h and .

On t he l ef t , b elow ,

Pan a nd o n t he r igh t S ilenus w ith t y mpanon . On t he l ower b order , t he i nscr ip t ion : s uo d ed it .

Aurel ( ius ) Ann ianus Deo L i/bero e x

" Sar m izegetusa t ype".

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

C IL , I I , 7 916; T elä .s, HT f ig. 8 ;

R . M i insterberg , J . O eh ler , HTRTE, X I I I , 1 902, G .

I , 1 902, p . 6 8;

C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932, p . 1 21,

A . Bodor , S tud ia , 1 960 , s er. I V , f asc. 1 , H istor ia , p . 3 4, n ote 6 1

( = ide m , Dac ia , N .S., V I I , 1 963 , p . 2 19 , n ote 5 9 ); Gh id Deva , p . 3 4, f i gs. 3 7-39; F 47 );

U lp ia T ra iana , p . 9 2;

RR , p p . 2 18-219 , F 114 ( =Civ il tä , p . 2 08 ,

I . Bogdan-Cä tän ic iu , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 3 27 , f i g. 7 ; A .

Cä t ina 5 , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 3 48 , f i g. 4 . 5 6.

I nv . 1 63. Bas-rel ief .

S ar m izegetusa. Marble.

P late X IV

Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 4 x2 0 x1 .5 cm

The l ower p ar t o f t he b as-rel ief i s d estroyed . I n t he c en tre o f t he s cene, L iber ( on t he l ef t ) a nd L ibera ( on t he r igh t ). Bo th d e it ies a re h o ld ing a t hyrsos i n t he ir l ef t h and .

L iber i s h o ld ing a k antharos i n h is r igh t h and f ro m

wh ich h e i s p our ing v ine i n to t he mou th o f ap an ther; o f g rapes i n h er r igh t h and .

L ibera i s h o ld ing a c luster

On t he l ef t , d anc ing S ilenus w ith t y mpanon ;

t he r igh t-hand s ide , Pan h o ld ing a b eaker a nd a d r ink ing h orn ( ? ) t usa" t ype. F ound i n t he s outh-west c orner o f t he a nc ien t t own . Da te :

2 nd c entury A .D .

8 0

o n

" Sar m izege-

C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932, p p . 1 18-120 , f i g. 7 ; A . Bodor , S tud ia , 1 960 , p . 3 4, n ote 6 1 ( = ide m , Dac ia , N .S ., WI , 1 963 , 1 , p . 2 19 , n o te 5 9 ) ;

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p p . 5 9-60 , f i g. p . 5 7; A . Cä t ina , S arge t ia , X I-

X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 3 47 , f i g. 2 . 5 7.

Unv . 2 25. Deva . Bas-rel ief . Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 9 x1 5 x 4 cm

On ly t he l ef t-hand s ide o f t he monu men t h as s urv ived .

L ibera i s h o ld ing

at hyrsos i nh er r igh t h and ; h er l ef t a rm i s o u tstretched t o L iber o f wh ich o n ly t he r ight a rm w i th k an tharos h as s urv ived.

On t he l ef t-hand s ide , a bove , a

s a tyr i s p ick ing g rapes w ith f lax v inea t ica a nd b e low Pan w ith r hy ton .

" Sar m i-

z ege tusa" t ype. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tur ies.

C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932, p . 1 21, f i g. 9 ; A . Bodor , S tud ia , 1 960 , p . 3 4, n ote 6 1 ( = ide m , Dac ia , N .S ., 1 963 , p . 2 19 , n ote 4 9 ); C . Pop , Terra n ostra , I , Bucure . e i , 1 971, p . 6 5, f ig. 7 . 5 8.

I nv. 2 29.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

P la te XV I

Marble.

Frag men tary .

Si ze :

On ly t he l ef t l ower c orner h as s urv ived .

1 5 x1 7 x 6 cm

Ly ing p an ther w ith r a ised

h ead , l ook ing a t L iber o f who m o n ly t he l egs h ave s urv ived.

Bes ide h im ,

t races o f c lo th ing b elong ing p robably t o L ibera . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

C . Pop , Apu lu m , V I , 1 967 , p . 1 74, f i g. 6 . 5 9.

I nv . 1 0019 .

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XV

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 4 x3 6 x 4 cm

On ly t he l ower p art o f t he r e l ief h as s urv ived ; t he l egs o f t wo a t tendan ts a nd o n t he r igh t-hand s ide t he l egs o f L ibera a nd L iber. On t he b order t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : Deo n um in i L ibero Pa [ tr i e x l/vo to C l (aud ius ) An icetus a ug (usta l is ) [ co l (on iae )]. F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he f irst h a lf o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I I , 1 976 , p p . 8 9-90 , f i g. 1 . 6 0.

I nv . 9 84.

S ar m izege tusa .

Openwork r el ief .

Marble.

P la te XV Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 0.5 x 7 x 3 .5 cm

On ly t he f oo t o f L iber ( on t he r igh t ) a nd t he h ind-par t o f ap an ther ( on t he l ef t ) h ave s urv ived . On t he b ase :

v .s.

8 1

F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I I , 1 976 , p . 9 3 , f i g. 5 . 6 1.

I nv. 1 2985.

S ar m izege tusa.

Bas-rel ief .

L i mestone.

P la te XV

F rag men tary .

S ize :

7 .5 x 1 5 x 6 cm

A l most n o th ing c an b e d ist ingu ished o n t he r el ief wh ich i s v ery e roded. On t he b order , t he s urv iv ing i n scr ip t ion r eads :

C (a ius ) S ped ( ius )....

F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I I , 1 975 , p p. 9 0-92, f i g. 3 . 6 2.

I nv . 2 087.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XV I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

The u pper p ar t o f t he p iece h as s urv ived .

2 2 x2 3.4 x 1 .5 cm

I n t he c en tre , t he f i gure o f

L iber Pa ter ; h e i s h o ld ing t he s nake w ith h is r igh t h and r a ised o ver h is h ead a nd i s embrac ing t he s hou lders o f Ampe los w ith h is l ef t h and .

On t he l ef t ,

a bove , a n a co ly te w ith a d r ink ing h orn i n at ree ; b elow t he h ead , p robab ly o f as a tyr.

" Po ta issa" t ype.

F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 6 3.

I nv . 1 484.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XV I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

4 .8 x 6 x 1 .7 cm

O n ly t he h ead o f L iber Pa ter h o ld ing a s nake i nh is r igh t h and o ver h is h ead.

" Pota issa" t ype. Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 6 4.

I nv. 1 0018.

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XV I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

3 7.5 x 1 0.2 x 3 .8 cm

On ly t he r igh t h and o f a Bacch ic f i gure h o ld ing a t hyrsos h as s urv ived. Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 6 5.

I nv. 1 2986.

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XV I

Frag men tary .

8 2

S ize :

1 0.2 x 9 x 1 .5 cm

The t orso o f f i gure d ressed p ar t ly i n n ebrys. F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 6 6.

I nv . 9 77.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te XV I

F rag men tary .

The l ower p ar t o f a ma le f i gure.

S ize :

1 6.8 x 1 4.5 x 2 .5 cm.

On t he r ight s ide , af rag men t o f a

h and h o ld ing a t hyrsos i s p reserved. Da te : t he 3 rd c en tury A . D. Unpubl ished. 6 7.

I nv. 9 78.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief ,

Marble.

P la te XV I I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

The u pper p ar t o f t he p iece i s p reserved. s urv iv ing.

1 4.9 x 7 .7 x 1 .8 cm On ly t he h ead o f g oddess i s

S he i s wear ing c orymbus a nd i s h o ld ing a t hyrsos i nh er l ef t h and.

Type " Sar m izegetusa" . F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 6 8.

I nv. 9 79.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary.

S ize :

1 0.2 x 9 x 1 .9 cm

Ah and h o ld ing a t hyrsos a nd t he f o lds o f ad ress a re j ust v isible. F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished. 6 9.

I nv . 9 86.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

The u pper r igh t c orner h as s urv ived.

S ize :

P la te XV I I 1 0.9 x 1.5 x 1 .5 cm

Hand h o ld ing a t hyrsos a nd a

c luster o f g rapes. F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 7 0.

I nv. 1 75.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te XV I I

F rag men tary .

The u pper p art o f r el ief i s p reserved . f igure h o ld ing a t hyrsos b es ide f lora l mo t ifs. F ound i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m . 8 3

S ize :

2 2.2 x 8 .8 x 3 .4 cm

I n f ra me, t he l ef t h and o f a

Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, 7 1.

I nv . 2 24.

2 46 , f i g. 1 2.

P .

Deva .

P la te XV I I I

S ta tuary g roup . Marble.

Da maged.

S ize :

4 3 x3 1 cm

L iber ( on t he r ight ) d ressed p ar t ly i n n ebrys a nd w ear ing h igh b oo ts. He i s p our ing v ine f ro m a k an tharos ( i n h is r igh t h and ) i n to t he mou th o f a p an ther who r a ises h is h ead t o t he g od ;

t he o ther h and i s b roken o f f.

( on t he l e f t ) i s d ressed i n c h iton a nd h i ma t ion .

L ibera

" Sar m izegetusa t ype.

On t he b ase t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : T( i tus ) F l[av ius Aper? 1 e x v o to . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C IL , I I 7 917 ;

C . Da icov ic iu, A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932 , p p . 1 21-122 , f ig . 1 0 ;

A . B odor , S tud ia , 1 960, s er . I V . ,f asc . 1 , H istor ia , p . 3 2, n o te 4 2 ( = ide m, D ac ia , N . S . ,V I I , 1 963 , p . 2 17 , n o te 4 0) ; F 48 ) ; 7 2.

Gh id Deva, p . 3 5 ; I nv . 2 21.

Deva .

S ta tuet te.

Marble.

RR , p . 2 18 , F 113 ( =C iv i ltä , p . 2 08 ,

A . C ä t inaj, S arge t ia, X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 3 47 , f i g . 1 . P la te XV I I I Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 8 x1 0 x 6 cm

The t orso a nd t he t h ighs o f L iber Pa ter s can t ily d ressed i n an ebrys wh ich c overs t he c hest a nd t he b el ly o f t he g od .

At ress o f h a ir c an b e d is-

t ingu ished o n h is l ef t s hou lder. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

C . Pop , Apu lu m , V I , 1 967 , p p . 1 74-176 , f i g. 7 ;

A . Cg t ina§ , S arze t ia ,

X I-XI I , 1 974-1975 , p . 3 47 , f i g. 3 . 7 3.

I nv. 3 94.

Deva .

P la te XV I I I

Head o f s ta tuet te. h e ight o ff ace :

Marble.

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h e ight 1 2 cm ;

6 cm

The h ead o f L iber Pa ter w ear ing t he c orymbus.

The p iece c o mes f ro m

S in tä mär ia d e P ia trä . Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

C . Pop , Apu lu m , V I , 1 967 , p . 1 76 , f i g. 8 a -b; Gh id Deva , f i g. 6 0. 7 4.

I nv . 2 30.

Deva.

S ta tuary g roup .

P la te XD ( Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 1.2 x 1 6 cm

On a f lu ted b ase , t he r igh t l eg a nd t he l ef t f oo t o f L iber Pa ter a re p reserved.

On t he l ef t s ide , p an ther ( w ithou t h ead ) i n f ron ta l a t t itude a nd

w ith r a ised r igh t p aw .

The h ind p ar ts o f t hean i ma l a re s uppor ted b y t he t runk

o f at ree o n wh ich t he r e ma ins o f ak an tharos c an b e d ist ingu ished. Chance f ind.

8 4

Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpu bl ished. 7 5.

I nv . 1 0017 ( 167 ). Bas-rel ief .

S ar m izegetusa .

Marble.

P la te XD (

Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 4 x1 8 x 4 cm

The l ower l ef t-hand s ide o f t he p iece i s p reserved . p an ther i s h o ld ing a k an tharos i n h is h ands.

S ilenus r id ing a

A t h is b ack , t he r e ma ins o f a

D ionys iac a t tendan t h o ld ing a n a n i ma l f or a n o f fer ing o n h is s hou lders. Found i n A edes Augusta l iu m. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 19 28-1932, p . 1 22 , f i g. 1 1/1; A . Bodor , Dac ia , N .S., WI , 19 63 , p . 2 19 , n o te 5 9;

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 8 9 ;

Gh id S ar m ize-

g e tusa , p . 3 8, f i g. a nd p . 3 9 ; A . Cä t ina§, S arget ia , X I-X I I ,1 9 74-1975 , p . 3 48 , f i g. 5 . 7 6.

I nv. 2 057.

P la te XIX

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 7.4 x 1.5 x 2 .6 cm

The h ead a nd b ust o f Pan . F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 7 7.

I nv . 3 9207. App l ique.

Bucure t i.

Bron ze.

P la te CXV

Da maged .

Si ze :

1 3 x 4 cm

N aked Pan w i th h orn s a nd h e-goa t 's l egs.

The r ight a rm i s d own

a long t he b ody , t he o ther w h ich was r a ised i s b roken of . Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 0 , f i g. 4 0 ; p . 5 1; RR , p . 2 21, F 123 ( =C iv il ta . 7 8.

I nv . 4 265.

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 4 7 , f i g. a nd

p . 2 11, F 59 ).

C lu j-Napoca.

Adornmen t. G ilded b ronze. h e ight o ff ace , 4 cm

P la te CXV Da maged.

S ize :

The t h ighs a re c overed w ith a l i t t le a pron . g rapes i n h is l ef t h and .

t o ta l h e igh t 2 4 cm ,

He i s h o ld ing a c luster o f

The r a ised r igh t a rm i s m iss ing.. The c ircu mstances

o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C . Pop , Z . Mi lea , AMN , I , 1 965 , p p . 2 05-206 , f i g. 9 -9 a ; C iv il tä , p . 2 12 , F 65.

8 5

MARS 7 9.

I nv . I V .1977. Bas-rel ief.

C lu j-Napoca .

Marble.

P la te XX

F rag men tary .

On ly t he u pper p art i s p reserved .

S ize :

8 .3 x 1 3.6 x 2 .2 cm

Young a nd b eard less Mars wear ing

l or ica a nd h el met w ith h igh p lume a nd h o ld ing t he s pear i n h is r igh t h and. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A .D.

C . Pop , Apu lum , I X , 1 971, p . 5 61, f i g. 6 /2. 8 0.

I nv . 1 003. S ar m izegetusa. App l ique. G i lded b ronze. Wel l-preserved .

P la te CXV I S ize : t o ta l h e igh t 1 2.2 cm ;

h e igh t o f f ace 3 .6 cm The b ust o f Mars. r obust.

The g od i s r epresen ted a s y oung , b eard less a nd

He i s wear ing a c u irass a nd a h el met w ith a h igh p lu me. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 0 ;

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 4 7 , f i g. a nd p . 4 8;

A .

Rusu , E . N e me , C . Pop , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p . 1 07 , f i g. 8 . 8 1.

I nv . 1 132. App l ique.

Deva .

P la te CXV I

G ilded b ronze.

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 1 4 cm ,

h e igh t o ff ace 3 cm Beard less Mars wear ing c u irass a nd h e l met w i th h igh p lume.

H is r igh t

a rm i s r est ing o n h is c hest ; h e i s h o ld ing a s h ield ( cover ing t he s hou lder a nd t he l ef t a rm ) i n h is h and . The p iece wh ich was p urchased a t Vu lcan , b u t p robably c ame f ro m S ar m izegetusa . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Gh id Deva , p . 3 6 , f i g. 6 0. MERCURY 8 2.

I nv. 2 528. Bas-rel ief ,

Deva . Marble.

P la te 2 0 ( Frag men tary.

S ize :

4 4.4 x 3 4.2 x 1 5 cm

Mercury w ear ing a c h lamys wh ich c overs h is s hou lders a nd a p etasus; h e i s h o ld ing a c aduceus i nh is l ef t h and a nd marsup iu m i nh is r igh t h and. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

M. Bärbu lescu , A I IA C lu j, XD Z , 1 976 , p p . 2 71-272 , f i g. 5 , c ons idered a s b e ing a p i laster.

8 6

8 3.

I nv . 1 8722.

Bucure t i.

Bas-rel ief d ep ict ing J up i ter a nd Mercury ( see n o. 5 2 , p l. X I I ). 8 4.

I nv . 2 090.

S ar m izegetusa .

P la te s how ing Hercu les a nd Mercury ( see n o . 4 3, p l. X ). 8 5.

Wi thou t i nven tory n umber .

Deva .

P la te ( wa l l o f a ed icu la ? ).

Marble.

P la te XCV I Frag men tary .

S ize :

3 4.5 x 4 0

x1 3 cm The u pper p ar t o f t he monu men t h as s urv ived.

On t he r igh t-hand s ide ,

t he h ead a nd t he b ust o f af i gure ( Mercury? ) a nd o nt he l ef t-hand s ide a sma l l c o lu mn w i th a Cor in th ian c ap i ta l . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . Unpub l ished. MINERVA 8 6.

I nv . 2 04.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

P la te XX I

Marble.

Restored .

S ize :

2 3.2 x 1 3.3 cm

The p iece , wh ich i s r ough ly w orked , s hows Minerva wear ing a c h i ton w ith a pop tyg ma a nd h e lm .

S he i s h o ld ing a s pear a nd s h ield i n h er r ight h and .

On t he l e f t s ide , a bove , a n ow l . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 8 7.

8 8.

I nv . I1 288.

L ost p iece ( ? )

T im i para .

S ta tue t te.

Bronze.

Minerva .

The p iece c omes f ro m t he Z . Or mös

d ona t ion ( 1895 ).

I nv . 4 57. P iece m iss ing f ro m t he Museu m o f S ar m izegetusa . P l. CXV I I App l ique. Bronze. S ize : He igh t 4 .7 cm App l ique o f f urn iture o f f i ght ing c har io t ; i td ep icts Minerva wear ing

c u irass a nd A t t ic h e l met w i th h igh p lu me ( cr ista ).

The i mage o f Medusa o n

h er c hest. Chance f ind. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D. Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 4 7 , f ig. 4 5;

A . Rusu , E . N e me , C . Pop ,

S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p . 1 06-107 , f i g. 7 . 8 9.

8 7

NE MES IS 8 9.

I nv . 8 98 ( 1004 ). Bas-re l ief .

S ar m izege tusa .

Gr it-stone.

P la te XX I I

Frag men tary .

S ize :

The l ef t-hand s ide o f t he p iece i s p reserved . a rm o u tstretched t owards a s acr if ic ia l a l tar .

4 8 x2 2 x 6 cm A ma le f i gure w ith h is

A bove , a re s ca les a nd a t t he

r igh t s ide o f t he a l tar , a whee l a nd g r if f in . On t he b order t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

N e mes i

/ Ael ius Va

a l../ex

v o[ to i... Found a t ad istance o f a bou t 8 0 m f ro m t he s ou th-eastern c orner o f t he t own wa l l. Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A . D. 0 . F loca , S arge t ia , I , 1 937 , p p . 7 0-72;

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 9 ; Gh id

S ar m izege tusa , p . 2 7 ; I . P iso , Apu lu m , X IV , 1 976, p p. 4 49-450 , f i g. 7 . 9 0.

I nv. 3 64.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

P la te XX I I

Marble.

Frag men tary.

S ize :

3 0 x2 5 x 6 cm

The l ower l ef t-hand s ide o f t he p iece i s p reserved. N e mes is h o ld ing s ca les. wheel ;

The r ight h and o f

On t he r ight , ag r if f in w i th i t s r ight l eg l ean ing o n

o n t he l ef t-hand s ide a f i gure w ith h is r ight h and o u tstre tched o ver a

f la m ing a l tar. On t he b order t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : [

U i ? ip ( ius ) F usc in i / [dec ? ]

c o l (on iae ) e x v o [ to ]... F ound i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C IL , I I , 1 3781; HTRTE, WI , 1 891-1892, p . 1 13; 0 . F loca , S arget ia , I , 1 937 , p p . 7 2-73, f i g. 2 . 9 1.

I nv . 2 13.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te > 0 ( I I I Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 3 x1 8 x 4 cm

On ly t he l egs o f N e mesis c overed w ith h is d ress h ave s urv ived. On t he b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : Hilarus p ro A le [ xan / d ]ro f ra tre , Deae N em [es i l/ [que ]m p er icu lo l i berav it . P robably f ound i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

C IL , I I , 1 3778; I . I . Russu , S arget ia , V , 1 968 , p . 9 4, f i g. 4 . 9 2.

I nv. 1 2988.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 0.5 x 1.5 x 3 cm

The l eg a nd a p ar t o f t he d ress o f t he d e ity c an b e d ist ingu ished ( Ne mes is? )

8 8

The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

[ Deae N e l mesi Var[ ius.../ ... e x v o l to p os(u i t )

Va [r ius ? ...1. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

I . P iso , Apu lu m , X I I , 1 975, p p . 6 78-679 , f i g. 2 /12. 9 3.

I nv . 1 2989 ( and 2 27 ) .

S ar m izegetusa

Bas-re l ief .

F rag men tary .

Marble.

S ize :

1 2.5 x 6 x 3 cm

A wheel w ith f our s pokes i s p reserved. The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

[ . .. Au ]rel ( ius ) S ? .../ [pro s a lu te s ua e t ? ]

s lu ]or [u m The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

I . P iso , Apu lum , X IV , 1 976, p p . 4 50-451, f ig. 8 . 9 4.

I nv . 1 2990.

S ar m izege tusa.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

i f . x 4 x 2 cm

On ly a wheel w ith f i ve s pokes h as s urv ived . I nt he f i eld o f i nscr ip t ion , o n ly a n i ncl ined s troke f ro m a V i s p reserved . Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

I . P iso , Apu lum , X IV , 1 976 , 9 5.

I nv . 3 66.

P .

5 41, f ig. 9 .

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 8 x2 0 x 4 cm

S ize :

7x 1 0 cm

On ly a wheel i s p reserved. F ound i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 9 6.

I nv . 3 67.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

On ly a wheel i s p reserved. Found i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 9 7.

I nv . 3 68.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

Frag men tary .

8 9

S ize : 4x 1 1 cm

On ly a whee l i s p reserved. Found i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 9 8.

I nv. 1 2991 a -b. Bas-rel ief .

S ar m izegetusa .

Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

f rag men t a , 3 0 x3 5 x 6 cm ;

f rag men t b , 3 7 x1 4 x 6 cm. On ly a t r iden t i s p reserved. The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

[ . ..c l o l loca ta i d ib(us ) J un i( i )s [ . .. e t —] n o

c o (n )s(u l ibus )/ EDe lae/ rNe m les i. Probably f ound i nt he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

I . P iso , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 6 7 , f i g. 1 8 a -b. 9 9.

I nv. 3 63.

Deva.

Openwork r el ief .

P la te XX I I Marble . Frag men tary .

S ize :

3 0 x2 0 cm.

N e mes is ( w ithou t h ead ) i n c h i ton a nd man t le i s p robably h old ing s ca les i n h er r ight h and.

A t h er l e f t a wheel a nd a t h er r igh t , ag r if f in .

On t he b ase t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

Deae N em (esi ) Reg inae/Caec( il ius )

An ton inus e x v (oto ) p (osu it ). Found i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C IL , I I , 1 3777; JÖAI , V , 1 902 , Bb l . 1 19= HTRTt, I X , p . 1 83 ; b erg , J . O eh ler , HTRTt, X I I I , 1 902 , p . 1 21;

R . Minster-

0 . F loca , S arge t ia , I , 1 937 , p . 7 2

f ig . 3 ; U lp ia Traiana , f ig . 4 2 . 1 00.

I nv . 3 65.

Deva .

Openwork r el ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 5 x2 3 cm

The l ower p ar t o f af i gure , p robably N e mes is, i n al ong d ress; l ef t , af rag men t o f a whee l . On t he b ase , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

a t h er

M(arcus ) P roc ( il ius ) Theodor [us I

v ir ]/Co l (on iae )q (u in ) q (uenna l is) d ec(ur io) e x v o [to ]. Found i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C IL , I I , 1 3783; R . Mt insterberg , J . Oeh ler , HTRTE, X I I I , 1 902, p . 1 2; 0 . F loca , S arget ia , I , 1 937 , p . 7 5, f ig. 6 . 1 01.

I nv . 1 2996.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te 2 0 ( I I I

Frag men tary .

9 0

S ize :

1 3 x1 2.1 x 1 .2 cm

On ly t he l ower l ef t c orner i s p reserved.

Ap ar t o f N e mesis h o ld ing

s ca les i nh er r ight h and . On t he b order t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

U rsus e [x v o to ? l.

F ound i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 1 02.

I nv . 1 2997.

S ar m izegetusa

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

The u pper r igh t c orner i s p reserved.

S ize :

1 7 x 9 x 3 cm

F rag men t o f af igure h o ld ing

al ong o b ject i nh is h and ; t he o b jec t i s l ean ing o n h is r igh t s hou lder. u pper b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

On t he

IAug.

Found i nt he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 1 03.

I nv. 2 18.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 2.5 x 1 1.5 x 3 cm

The l egs a nd t he d ress o f a wo man ( Ne mes is? ) a re p reserved. On t he b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

.. Muc ian [us ? ]/ [e ]x v o to p o[ su i t ].

F ound n ear t he amph i thea tre. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

C IL , I I , 1 3782. 1 04.

I nv. 2 81.

Deva.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 1 x1 0 cm

Al i t t le p ar t o f ab ody o f af i gure ( probably N e mes is ) h o ld ing a meta i n h er l ef t h and . Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 1 05.

I nv . 2 15.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te XX I I I

Marble. Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 3 x1 4 x 4 cm

The l ower p ar t o f af e ma le f i gure ( Ne mes is ? ) i n al ong d ress h o ld ing a me ta i nh er l ef t h and. On t he b order t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

F ound c lose t o t he amph i thea tre . C IL , I I , 1 3785.

9 1

m s e x v o to.

PLUTO AND PROSERPINA 1 06.

L ost p iece. b as-rel ief .

P la te CXLV Marb le .

Restored .

S ize :

6 5 x7 0 cm

P lu to o n t hrone ( on t he r ight ) a nd Proserp ina ( on t he l ef t ).

The g oddess

w ith t h ick h a ir p ar ted i n t wo , d ressed i n al ong t un ica i s h o ld ing ab aske t i n h er l ef t h and ; h er r igh t h and ( a s nake c o ils i tse l f r ound t he a rm ) i s o u tstretched t owards t he b asket.

A t h er r ight s ide , b elow , a sma l l a l tar.

D is Pa ter ,

b earded , ' s d ressed i n al ong d ress; h e i s h o ld ing t he s cep tre i n h is l ef t h and a nd a k ey i n h is r igh t h and.

He i s f lanked b y Cerberus ( a t h is r igh t ) a nd

Mercury w i th c aduceus ( a t h is l ef t ). f igure b e tween t wo d e it ies. r eads :

I n t he b ackground , as tand ing f e ma le

I n t he u pper p ar t o fb as-re l ief , t he i nscr ip t ion

D ito Pa tr i e t Proserp i/nae s acr (u m ) ,

o n t he b ase :

C (a ius ) Va l (er ius )

Z eno d ec(ur io ) e t I v ir Col (on iae ) v (otu m ) s (o lv it )/ 1 ( ibens ) m(er ito ). A t t he b eg inn ing o f t h is c en tury , t he p iece was i n t he e p iscopa l r es idence a t Lugo j. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

B . K uzs inszky , AE, XXVI , 1 907 , n p . 19-121; G . Te ' g lds , K i lo , X , p p. 5 01-502. 1 07.

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

P la te CXLV Marble.

Restored.

S ize : 3 0 x2 9 cm

On t he r igh t s ide o f r el ief , D is Pa ter s tand ing i n al ong t un ica a nd man t le f astened o n t he l ef t s hou lder ; h o ld ing a h a m mer i nh is l ef t h and a nd Cerberus ' c o l lar ( ? ) i n h is r igh t h and. A t h is r ight s ide , Proserp ina i n al ong t un ica a nd man t le i s h o ld ing a n o b ject ( vase ? ) i n h er l ef t h and a nd a r a ised k ey i n h er r igh t h and .

A t h er r igh t s ide , b elow , a wo man ( ? ) c arry ing a

b aske t ( ? ) o n h er h ead.

Above , t he b ust o f ab earded f igure b etween t he t wo

d e i t ies. On t he b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

Pap ir ia Z oe e x v o to/posu it .

Found b etween t he n or thern wa l l o f t own a nd t he amph i thea tre. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C IL , I I , 1 2583 : 1 886 , p . 8 6 ;

F r. S tudn iczka , AE M , 1 884, p . 4 0 ; HTRTE.,

P . K irä ly , G . Teg läs , Er c iMuz , V I , 1 889 , p . 3 59 , f i g. 5 ;

Bu l let in d e l a S oc ie te n a t iona le d es a n t iqua ires d e France , 1 892, p . 1 42; B . Kuzs inszky , AE ,XXV II I , 1 907 , p p . 1 22-134 , f i g. 3 ;

G . Teg läs ,

XXV I I , 1 907 , p . 3 68. 1 08.

I nv. 4 43.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XX IV Frag men tary .

The u pper l ef t c orner i s m iss ing.

S ize :

3 8 x5 8 x 4 cm

D is Pa ter ( on t he r igh t ) h o ld ing a

h a m mer i nh is l ef t h and a nd a n u n iden t if ied o b jec t i nh is r igh t h and a nd Prose rp ina ( on t he l ef t ) h o ld ing a v ase.

A t t he l ef t s ide o f P lu to , Cerberus a nd a t

t he r igh t s ide o f Proserp ina , p robably Mercury h o ld ing c aduceus ( or a f i gure h o ld ing a t orch i n h is h and ).

9 2

Chance f ind. Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . F r. S tudn iczka , AE M, 1 884,

3 9 ; Bu l le t in d e l a S oc id td n a t iona le d es

P .

a n t iqua ires d es F rance , 1 892, p . 1 40 ;

B . K uzs inszky , At, XXV I I , 1 907 , p p .

1 21-122, f i g. 2 ; S . F err i , ARD , p . 3 43, f i g. 4 59 ; 1 09.

I nv. 4 44.

C iv i l tä , p p. 2 14-215, F 91.

A c opy o f t h is p iece i s i n t he Museu m S a in t Ger ma in . P l. XX IV

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

We l l-preserved .

S ize :

4 5 x3 5 cm

Bas-re l ief i n t he s hape o f a ed icu la s uppor ted b y t wo Dor ic c o lu mns ( ? ) a nd c rowned w ith a p ed i men t d ecora ted w ith a r ose t te i n t he m idd le.

The s cene

r epresen ts P lu to ( on t he r ight ) a nd P roserp ina ( on t he l ef t ); b o th d e it ies a re d ea ted o nt hrones w ith b ases. D is Pa ter i s h o ld ing a h a m mer i n h is r a ised l ef t h and ; h is r igh t a rm i s o u tstre tched t owards C erberus. The g oddess i s l ook ing t o P lu to a nd i s h o ld ing a v ase i nh er h and .

O f t he i nscr ip t ion o n ly V i s v is ible.

Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o t hese d e it ies. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

G . TegrL , A ,= V I I , 1 907 , p p. 3 68-370 , f i g. 1 . S ILVANUS 1 10.

I nv . 7 946. S ar m izegetusa . Bas-rel ief . Marble. Restored.

S ize :

P la te ) 0 (V 1 7 x3 2 x3 .3 cm

On t he l ef t-hand s ide , S ilvanus wear ing a wrea th i s h o ld ing a p edu m i n l ef th and .

Bes ide , t o t he r igh t , 9S ilvanae d ressed i n c h i tons a nd man t les h o ld

l i t t le wrea ths i n t he ir h ands. On t he l ower b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

[ M(arcus ) ? Au ir (el ius )

Va lens d e (ur io ) c o l (on iae ) e x [ v ]o to p osu it . Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o S i lvanus. Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

I . P iso , A . Rusu , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p p . 1 55-158, f i g. 1 . 1 11.

I nv . 9 80-983, 1 0020. Bas-rel ief . Marble.

S ar m izegetusa . Frag men tary. S ize :

P la te XXV I 2 5.5 x 3 7.3 x 2 .3 cm

A l l f ive f rag ments b elong t o t he s a me r e l ief a nd d ep ict p arts o f 9S ilvanae h o ld ing l i t t le wrea ths i n t he ir h ands.

S i lvanus i s m iss ing.

Found i n t he western r oo m ( ded ica ted t o S i lvanus ) o f t he t e mp le d evo ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . Rusu , Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 6 98 , f i g. 1 /3, 2 /4-6; l i shed a s i nd iv idua l p ieces.

9 3

t hey a re p ub-

1 12.

I nv . 1 0021.

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XXV I

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 2.5x 8 x 1 .5 cm

S i lvana i n c h i ton a nd c h la mys • The f rag men t may b elong t o b as-rel ief n o. 1 11. F ound i n t he western r oo m ( ded ica ted t o S ilvanus ) o f t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . Rusu , Apu lum , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 6 98 , f i g. 1 /2. 1 13.

I nv. 1 510.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te 2 0 (V I

Frag men tary .

S ize :

3 2 x2 0 x 3 cm

On ly t he l ef t-hand s ide o f t he r e l ief h as s urv ived. i ed b y t wo S ilvanae.

S ilvanus a cco mpan-

The g od i s wear ing t un ica , man t le , h igh b oo ts a nd c ap

a nd i s h o ld ing a p edu m i n h is r igh t h and a nd f a lx v inea t ica i nh is r ight h and. On t he l e f t s ide , b elow , ad og ;

o n t he r igh t s ide a S ilvana i n c h iton a nd c h la mys

i s h o ld ing a wrea th o f f l owers i n h er l ef t h and . The h ead o f a nother S ilvana c an b e d ist ingu ished.

On t he u pper p ar t o f t he r el ief , al i t t le wrea th a nd a p a l m-

e t te ( Lea f ? ). F ound i n t he western r oo m ( ded ica ted t o S ilvanus ) o f t he t e mp le d ed icat ed t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . Rusu , Apu lu m

X I I I , 1 975 , p p . 6 79 ;698, f i g. 1 /1; I . P iso , A . Rusu ,

AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 55. 1 14.

I nv . 5 07.

L ugo j.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te XXV I I Restored .

S ize :

1 7 x2 6.5 x 1 .5 cm

S ilvanus wear ing a s hort t un ica , man t le , c ap . h is r igh t h and a nd a p edu m i n h is l ef t h and.

He i s h o ld ing a h ook i n

A t h is r igh t s ide , b elow , ad og.

On t he e x tre me l ef t o f s cene , ab ush. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

S e ma t is m , p . 1 80 ; D . I sac , I . S tra tan , Bana t ica , I , 1 973 , p . 1 24, p l. I V/8; A . Rusu , S arget ia , X , 1 973 , p . 4 01, n o. 5 , f i g. 5 ( no. 1 71 i s i nc orrec t ). 1 15.

I nv. 2 03.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te : > 0 . (V I I I Frag men tary .

S ize :

The u pper p ar t o ft he r el ief i s p reserved .

1 8.5 x 1 0 x 2 cm S ilvanus i s w ear ing a t un ica ,

man t le a nd c ap a nd i s h o ld ing a p edu m i n h is l ef t h and . t op o f at ree. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . Rusu , Apu lu m , X I I I , 1 975 , p . 6 98 , f i g. 3 /7. 9 4

A t h is r igh t s ide , t he

1 16.

I nv . 1 6.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief .

Gr it-stone.

P la te 2 0 (V I I Frag men tary .

The l e f t h a l f o f t he p iece h as s urv ived . man t le a nd c ap .

S ize :

5 9 x2 8 x1 2 cm

S ilvanus i s wear ing a t un ica ,

On t he l e f t , b elow , ad og.

The c ircu mstances o f t he f ind ing a re n o t p rec isely k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 1 , 1 928-1932, p . 1 23, f i g. 1/2; U lp ia Tra iana , p . 8 8; Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 6 3; A . Rusu , S arget ia , X , 1 973 , p . 4 01, n o. 3 , 6( actua l ly r ecords t h is r e l ief a s t wo f i gures ). 1 17.

I nv . 1 483. S ar m izegetusa . Bas-re l ief . Marble. Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 0 x 1 x 3 cm

The l ower r igh t p ar t o f t he ba s-re l ief i s p reserved.

The f o lds o f a

d raped d ress a nd t he p o in t o f af oo t h ave s urv ived. On t he b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads [ . ..pro s a lu te O cta ? ] v ior(u m ). F ound i nt he western r oo m ( ded ica ted t o S i lvanus ) o f t he t e mp le d ed icat ed t o L iber Pa ter. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. H . Da icov ic iu , I . P iso , AMN , X I I I , 1 976 , p . 9 4, f i g. 8 . 1 18.

I nv . 2 01.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te XXV I I I

Marble.

Res tored .

S ize :

2 7.5 x 2 0.5 x 3 cm

S ilvanus ( on t he l ef t ) a nd D iana ( on t he r igh t ). s hor t t un ica , man t le , c ap a nd h igh b oo ts. h and a nd a f a lx v inea t ica i nh is r igh t h and .

The g od i s wear ing a

He i s h o ld ing p edu m i n h is l ef t On t he l ef t , b elow , ad og.

i s wear ing a c h i ton , h i ma t ion a nd s em i-c ircu lar d iade m.

D iana

S he i s h o ld ing a b ow

i nh er l ef th and a nd i s p u l l ing o u t a n a rrow f ro m t he q u iver o n h er b ack w ith h er r ight h and.

S he i s f lanked b y ak id a nd a d og ( see n o. 2 9 ).

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . Buday , Do lgClu j , V I I , 1 , 1 916 , p p . 7 6-77 , f i g. 1 9 ; p . 3 44 , f i g. 4 60

l e f t

RR

S . Ferr i , ARD ,

p . 2 23 , F 134 ( =Civ il * p . 2 03, F 22 );

M.

Barbu lescu , Dac ia , N .S ., XV I , 1 972 , p . 2 11; A . Rusu , S arget ia , X , 1 973 , p . 3 98 , f i g. 4 . VENUS 1 19 .

I nv. 1 2987.

S ar m izegetusa.

Head o f s ta tuet te. h e ight o f f ace 3 .7 cm.

Marble.

P la te XXIX Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

The h ead o f V enus w ith a s em i-c ircu lar d iade m. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n ot k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 9 5

t o ta l h e igh t 5 .6 cm ;

1 20.

I nv . 3 96. Deva. Head o f s ta tuet te.

Marble.

Wel l-preserved .

P la te ) 00) ( S ize : t o ta l h e ight 8 cm ;

h e ight o f f ace 4 .5 cm The h ead o f V enus.

The h a ir i s a ccura tely a rranged a nd g a thered i n to

ac h ignon a t h er n ape a nd r a ised i nt he s hape o f ad iade m o n t he t op o fh er h ead . Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpub l ished . 1 21.

I nv . 1 613.

The p iece h as d isappeared f ro m S ar m izegetusa i n 1 977. P la te CXV I I I-CXIX

S ta tuet te.

Bron ze. Da maged.

S ize :

t ota l h e igh t 2 8.3 cm ; h e ight o f

f ace 2 .5 cm Naked V enus.

The a r ms a re miss ing.

The a bundan t h a ir i s waved a nd

p arted i nt he m idd le; t he c o if fure i s v ery i n terest ing ;

t wo t h ick q ueues l a ter-

a l ly p la ited l ike a rranged r o l ls a re t ied u p w i th a t aen ia f or m ing a k ind o f b ow o n t he t op o f h er h ead a nd a p ronounced c h ignon a t t he n ape. h a ir h ang d own l oose o nh er b ack a nd s hou lders ; c urls.

Four s trands o f

h e e ars a re c overed b y

Th is s tatuet te c an b e c ons idered o ne o f t he most b eau t ifu l o f i t s k ind

f ound i n Dac ia . F ound a t ad istance o f a bou t 1 00-150 m t o t he west o f t he Mauso leu m o ft he Aurel ia f am ily . Da te :

m idd le o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C . P op , T . A lbu lescu , Apu lu m , X IV , 1 976 , p p . 4 33-440 , f i g. 1 -1 e . 1 22.

I nv . 8 04.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tue t te , Bronze.

P la te CXV I I

Frag men tary.

S ize :

t ota l h e ight 1 5.8 cm ; h e igh t

o f f ace 2 cm. Venus i s r epresen ted s em i-nude ; t he r igh t a rm a nd t he l ower p art o f h er l egs a re d estroyed .

S he i s wear ing a p a l la wh ich p ar t ly c overs h er b ack ,

l egs a nd l e f t a rm , a nd i s c rowned w i th a s em i-c ircu lar d iade m.

A mass ive

b racele t o n t he a rea o f t he r ight a r m. Found i n Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

m idd le o ft he 2 nd c en tury A . D.- m idd le o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 2; Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p . 4 7 , f i g. p . 4 4; A . Rusu , E . N e me , C . Pop , S arge t ia X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p . 1 01-102, f i g. 1 . 1 23.

I nv . 1 130.

Deva .

S ta tue t te.

Bronze.

P la te CXV I I Da maged .

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 7 .5 cm ; h e igh t o f

f ace 0 .6 cm Naked V enus; t he a r ms a nd t he f ee t a re b roken of . c ircular d iade m. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown .

9 6

S he wears a

Da te : t he 3 rd c en tury A .D . Gh id Deva , p . 3 6. 1 24.

I nv . 3 99.

Deva .

S ta tue t te.

Terracot ta .

P la te C )00 ( IV Frag men tary .

S ize :

He ight 1 6.2 cm

G lazed s ta tuet te r epresen t ing V enus ( w ithou t h ead ) o n ac ircu lar b ase. S he i s p ar t ly c overed w ith a d rapery . S he i s w ear ing ab racele t o nh er r ight h and ; t he g oddess i s h o ld ing t he f o lds o f g ar men t i n h er l ef t h and. On t he r igh t , b e low , a sma l l Eros. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Gh id Deva , p . 3 6. 1 25.

I nv. 4 49.

D eva.

S ta tue t te.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXX IV Frag men tary .

S ize : h e igh t 1 0 .5 cm

G lazed f rag men t o f t he t orso o f Venus. Re ma ins o f g ar men t o ver h er h ips.

The r igh t h and i s o u tstre tched a nd o pen ; t he l ef t h and i s r a ised .

S he i s

wear ing a c rescen t-shaped p endan t a t h er n eck . Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. Gh id Deva , p . 3 6. 1 26.

I nv . 4 92.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tuet te.

Terraco t ta .

P la te C 2O CX IV

Frag men tary .

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 9 .9 cm ;

h e igh t o f f ace 2 cm. The u pper p ar t o f V enus wear ing a s em i-c ircu lar d iade m a nd a v ela men h ang ing d own o n h er b ack . S he c overs h er s ex w i th h er l ef t h and . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 3 ; Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 5 6; C . Pop , E . N e me , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 59 , n o. 1 , f i g. 1 . 1 27.

I nv . 4 93.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tue tte.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV

F rag men tary .

S ize :

8x 3 .8 cm

The l ower p ar t o f t he b ody o f V enus h as s urv ived .

The l egs a re c overed

b y ap a l la t urned u p a nd k not ted i n f ron t ; t he g oddess i s h o ld ing t he p a l la i nh er l ef t h and . Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p . 5 6; C . Pop , E . N e me , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p p . 1 59-160 , n o. 2 , f i g. 2 .

9 7

1 28.

I nv. 3 568.

S ar m izege tusa .

Head o f s ta tuet te.

Terraco t ta .

Damaged .

S ize :

t o ta l h e ight 3 .6 cm

h e igh t o f f ace 2 .4 cm The h ead o f V enus c rowned w ith a s em i-c ircu lar d iade m. Found i n t he n or th-eastern p ar t o f t he e nclosure o ft he t e mp les d ed icat ed t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C . Pop , E . N e me , AMN , X IV , 1 977 , p . 1 60 , n o. 3 , f i g. 3 . 1 29 .

I nv . V . 2 2545. S ta tuet te.

C lu j-Napoca .

Terraco tta .

P la te CXXXV

F rag men tary .

S ize :

The l ef t s ide o f t he s ta tuet te i s p reserved. h ead ).

9 .9 x 4 cm

The b ust o f V enus ( w ithou t

The r igh t h and i s r est ing o n af o ld o f t he g ar men t wh ich p ar t ly c overs

t he l ower p ar t o fh er b ody . Found i n t he e nclosure o ft he t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 1 30 .

I nv . V . 2 2938. S ta tue tte.

C lu j-Napoca .

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV

F rag men tary .

S ize :

5 .5 x 4 cm

On ly t he n aked t orso o f t he g oddess h as s urv ived. Found i n t he s ou thern p ar t o f s anc tuary D , i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. OR IE NTAL D IETIES ATTIS 1 31.

Withou t i nven tory n umber. P la te.

Gr it-stone.

Deva .

Frag men tary .

P la te XXX S ize :

2 5 x3 0 x1 5 cm

The f rag men tary image o f A t t is. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 1 32.

L ost p iece. P la te.

Marble ( ? ).

A t t is wear ing a Phryg ian c ap a nd l ean ing o n as taf f .

9 8

Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D . A . F odor , p l . 6 0 , f( Ostrov ). CYBELE 1 33.

I nv . 1 69. S ar m izegetusa . S ta tue. Marble. F rag men tary . Cybe le o n t hrone.

t royed.

S ize :

P la te 2 CXX 7 5 x7 5.3 cm

The h ead , t he a r ms a nd l egs o f t he d e ity a re d es-

I ts ee ms t ha t t he l ef t a r m was r a ised .

S he i s d ressed i n ac h iton a nd

d raped i n ah i ma t ion . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

G . Teg lä .s, HT, I , 1 902 ,

P .

7 2;

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 8 9 ;

Gh id S ar m izege-

t usa , p p . 6 1-63. 1 34.

I nv . 3 93.

Deva .

Head o f s ta tue t te.

P la te XXIX Marble.

Wel l-preserved.

Si ze :

h e igh t 1 5.4 cm ;

h eight o f f ace 9 .3 cm Cybele w i th l ong h a ir , w ear ing a k a la thos. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

S . F err i , ARD , p . 3 67 , f i g. 4 64; Gh id Deva , p . 3 5 ,supposed t o b e I s is. 1 35.

L ost p iece. S ta tue tte.

Bronze.

Cybe le. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

C . Da icov ic iu , AC M IT, I V , 1 932-1938 , p . 4 10. JUPITER DOL ICHE NUS 1 36.

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

P la te CXL IV Marble.

F rag men tary .

The l ower p ar t o f t he p iece i s b roken of.

I n t he c en tre o f t he s cene ,

J up i ter Do l ichenus i ss tand ing o n ab u l l wa lk ing t o t he r ight ; t he h ead o f t he a n i ma l i s t urned t o t he f ron t a nd t he r igh t l eg i s r a ised i n t he p os i t ion o f wa lk ing f orward.

The b earded g od i s d ressed i n m il i tary g ar men ts ( t un ica

d own t o t he k nees , p a ludamen tu m o ver t he s hou lders , Phry ig ian c ap a nd c ingu lu m ).

He i s a r med w i th p ug io a nd v ag ina a nd i s h o ld ing a t orch i nh is

l ef th and a nd b ipenn is i n h is r ight h and . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. 9 9

Co l lect ion M. L itsek.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924 , p p . 2 54-255 , f i g. 1 8 , l i ne

1 , n o. 2 ;

P . Mer la t , Reper to ire , 3 3; S . S an ie , Ep igraph ica , p . 1 57 , t able n o. 8 . 1 37.

L ost p iece . Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary.

The monu men t r epresen ts V ictory ; t h is g oddess o ccurs a ssoc ia ted w ith J up iter Do l ichenus a nd a n e ag le. F ound i nt he t e mp le o f Do l ichenus. Da te :

2 30 ;

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

G . Teglas , HT, I , 1 902, p . 7 3; C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924 , p . P . Mer la t , Reper to ire , 3 4; S . S an ie , Ep igraph ica , p . 1 57 , t able n o . 9 .

1 38.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber. Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

B la j.

P la te XXX I

Frag men tary . S ize :

3 8 x2 5 x1 0 cm .

The b u l l o f Do l ichanus t o t he r ight w i th t he r ight f ore-leg i n p os it ion o f wa lk ing f orward .

The a n i ma l 's h ead i s m iss ing.

The b u l l i s w ear ing a

g ird le o nh is n eck ; t he r e ma ins o f t he l egs o f t he g od a re p reserved o n t he b ack o f t he a n i ma l . On t he b order t he i nscr ip t ion r eads Ae l ( ius ) S ep r t im ius...1/dec(ur io ) c o l (on iae )... The monu men t p robably c o mes f ro m S ar m izege tusa o r Apu lu m . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

I . I . Russu , AM , I , 1 956, p . 1 24 , n o te 2 ; A . Bodor , Em lKe l , P . 1 05 , f i g. 3 ;

I . I . Russu , AMN , V I , 1 969 , p . 1 82; S . S an ie , Ep igraph ica , p . 1 48 ,

1 57 , t able n o. 1 0. 1 39.

I nv .

I V . 1 976.

Bas-rel ie f .

C lu j-Napoca .

P la te XXX I

Marble. Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 3.9 x 9 cm

The r el ief , wh ich i s c u t a way a t t he b ack , s hows t he l ower p ar t o f a ma le f i gure ( Jup iter Do l ichenus ? ) d ressed i n ac u irass c over ing at un ica w h ich e xtends t o t he k nees , a nd p a luda men tu m o n t he l e f t. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

C . Pop , Apu lu m , I X , 1 971, p , 5 68 , f i g. 8 /6 , wrong ly i n terpreted a s b e ing a s o ld ier. 1 40.

I nv . 1 79.

L ugo j.

H igh r el ief .

Marble.

P la te CXL IV Frag men tary .

S ize :

3 6 x1 9 cm.

Eagle ( w ithou t h ead ) w ith s pread w ings h o ld ing t he h ead o f a n a n i ma l ( buck ? ) i n i t s c laws; t h is image i s a t tr ibu ted t o t he i conography o f Dol ichenus. The c ircumstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

1 00

S e ma t is m , p . 1 81, n o. 2 3; D . I sac , Bana t ica

I , 1 971, p p . 1 17-120 ,

f ig. 3 a -b; S . S an ie , Ep igraph ica , p . 1 57 , t able n o. 1 1. 1 41.

I nv . I N . 3 0.

C lu j-Napoca.

H igh r el ief .

Marble.

P la te XXXI

Frag men tary .

Eagle s pread ing i t s w ings.

S ize :

3 3 x3 8 cm

The h ead a nd t he l egs a re miss ing.

Ow ing

t o t he f act t ha t t h is p iece i s a r t ist ica l ly s im ilar t o t he p rev ious o ne , we c onsi der i tt o b e a t tr ibu table t o Do l ichenus. Chance f ind. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. A l. Barcac ila , AO , a n I , 7 , ma iiun ie , 1 923, p . 1 83, f i g.

P .

1 83;

C . Da icov ic iu , A ISC, I , 2 , 1 933, p . 6 0. MITHRAS 1 42.

I nv . 1 5918.

Deva .

P la te XXXI I

Marble s ta tue r epresen t ing Mithras Petrogeni tus . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 383 , 2 24, f i g. 6 9 ; n o. 8 0 , p l. I X, 2 ;

P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m ,

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , n o. 1 77 , f i g. 1 59 ;

RepSta t , I I , 1 904, p . 1 40 , n o. 1 ; 0 . F loca , EDR , V I , 1 935,

S . Re inach , P .

2 18, f i g. 3 ;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 134, f i g. 5 79 ; RR , p . 2 07 , F 69 ( =Civ ile a , 1 43.

P .

2 25, F 138 );

I nv . 1 7.

Gh id Deva , f i g. 5 1.

Deva.

P la te XX :XII I

Marble s ta tue r epresen t ing Cau tes. The i nscr ip t ion r eads : C IL , I I , 7 922;

v (o tu m ) s (o lv it ) 1 ( ibens ) m(er ito ).

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 ,

P . K ira ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 1, p l . V I I , 2 ;

P .

2 05-206, n o .1, p l. V ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , n o. 1 40 ,

f i g. 1 30 b , n o. 2 59 b ; S . Reinach , RepSta t , I I , 1 904, p . 1 39, n o. 1 ; 0 . F loca , EDR, V I , 1 935 ,

P .

2 19 , f i g. 4 ; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MRM, I , n os. 2 122-2123,

f i g. 5 75. 1 44.

I nv. 1 6.

Deva .

P la te XXX1T 1

S tone s ta tue r epresen t ing Cau topa tes. The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

Cau topa t i s a (cru m ) /S ynethus a d iu[ t (or )1/ tabu-

1 (ar i i ) v (o tu m )s(olv it ) 1 ( ibens ) m(er ito ). C IL , I I , 7 922;

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 05-206, n o .1, p l .

V ; P .K irily, Mi thraeu m , n o. 8 2, p l. V I I , 1 ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 48,

n o. 1 40 , n o. 2 59 a , f i g. 1 30 a ; S . Re inach , RepSta t , I I , 1 904, p . 1 39 , n o. 4 ; 0 , F loca , EDR , V I , 1 935, p . 2 19 , f i g. 4 ;

A . K ereny i , Personenna men , n o.

2 084; D . Tudor , I stor ia , p . 2 45, n o. 1 9; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, n os. 2 120-2121, f i g. 5 74. 1 45.

I nv. 2 89.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r ight h and h o ld ing a t orch. P . I ürä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 3; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 124, 1 . 1 01

1 46.

Without i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r ight p a lm h o ld ing at orch. P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 4; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, H , n o. 2 124, 2 . 1 47.

I nv. 2 88.

Deva .

Frag men t o f l ef t h and h o ld ing a t orch. P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 5; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 124 , 3 . 1 48.

I nv. 2 86.

Deva .

Frag men t o f c lasped h and. P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 5; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, H , n o. 2 124, 4 . 1 49.

I nv. 3 50.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r ight l eg o nb ase. P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 7 ;

M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, H , n o.

2 124, 5 . 1 50.

I nv. 2 77.

Deva.

Frag men t o f t orch. P . K iräly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 8; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, H , n o. 2 124, 6 1 51.

I nv. 2 76.

Deva .

Frag men t o f t orch p a in ted w ith m in iu m. P . K ira ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 8 9 ; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, H , n o. 2 124, 7 . 1 52.

I nv. 3 03.

Deva.

Three f rag men ts o f a marble b as-rel ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883, p . 2 05, n o. 1 , p l . V ; Mithraeu m , n o. 9 0 , p l. V I I I ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , P .

P . K ira ly ,

2 83, n o. 1 39 , f i g.

1 29 ; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I I , n o. 2 084, f i g. 5 60. 1 53.

I nv. 2 51, 2 54.

Deva.

Three f rag men ts o f r el ief . P . K irä l ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 9 1 a -c; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 139. 1 54.

I nv. 2 94.

Deva.

F ive f rag men ts o f ab as-rel ief o f marble. Fr. S tudniczka, AE M, V I I , 1 883, um , n o. 9 2, p l . X , 2 ;

P .

2 07 , n o. 3 ;

P . K irä ly , Mithrae-

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 85, n o. 1 43, f i g. 1 33;

Roy Ca mpbel l , Bery tus, X I , 1 954, p . 4 6, n o . 8 6; I , n o. 2 083 , f i g. 5 59. 1 02

L e

M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M,

1 55.

I nv. 2 41.

Deva.

P la te XXX IV

Two f rag men ts o f a marble r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads: C IL, I I , 7 923;

Aur(el ius ) Theof ( ilus ) e x v oto.

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883,

P .

2 07 , n o. 2 ;

Mithraeu m , n o. 9 3 , p l. X I , 1 ; G . Teglä .s, HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 1; Cu mon t , M M M, I ,p . 2 84, n o. 1 41, 2 60 , f i g. 1 31;

P . Fr.

L e Roy Ca mpbel l , Bery tus,

X I , 1 954, 4 6 , n o. 8 3; M. J . V er maseren; C I MR M, I , n o. 2 073-2074, f i g. 5 56. 1 56.

I nv. 5 16.

L ugo j.

Frag men t o f ab as-rel ief o f marble. The i nscr ip t ion r eads:

S everus Aug(ust i ) l i b(er tus ) r cau top ina t i.

C IL , I I , 7 924; S e ma t is m , p . 1 78, n o. 1 0 ; 1 883, p . 2 07 , n o. 3 ;

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I ,

P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o. 9 4;

G . Tegläs, HT, I , 1 902,

p . 8 1; Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 04, n o. 1 81, 2 61; A . K ereny i , Personenn a men

n o. 1 265; D . Tudor , I stor ia , p . 2 50 , n o. 4 2; M. J . Ver maseren ,

C I MR M, I , n o. 2 135-2136; D . I sac, I . S tra tan , Bana t ica , 1 973, I , p p. 1 191 20. 1 57.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

T im i5oara .

Marble r el ief o f t rapezo ida l s hape. The i nscr ip t ion r eads: C IL , I I , 7 927 ; S e ma t is m

Aure l ius Va len t inus/ex v oto p osu it.

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 08, n o. 8 ;

p . 1 78 , n o. 9 ; P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 9 5;

I , 1 902, p . 8 2;

G . Tegläs, HT,

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 04, n o. 1 83, 2 64; M. J . Ver ma-

s eren , C IMR M, I , n os. 2 137-2138. 1 58.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

Three f rag men ts o f a marble r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads: C IL , I I , 7 926;

Long (us ? ) s a lar ( i )a (r ius ) e x v (o to ) p os[u ] it.

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 08, n o. 5 ;

P . K ira ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 9 6, p l. X I , 2 ;

G . Teg läs, HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 2;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I ,p . 2 85, n o. 1 44, 2 63, f i g. 1 34; Bery tus , X I , 1 954, p . 4 6 , n o. 8 7;

L e Roy Ca mpbe l l ,

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, H , n os.

2 075-2076. 1 59.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

T im i para .

Frag men t o f a bas-rel ief o f marble. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883, p . 2 08 , n o. 1 2; S e ma t is m , p . 1 80 , n o. 1 4; P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 9 7 ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 05, n o.

1 84; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M 1 60.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

I , n o. 2 077.

Deva.

Three f rag men ts o f r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V II , 1 883, p . 2 09 , n o. 1 8; e um

n o. 9 8, p l. X I I I , 2 ;

P . K irä ly , Mithra-

Fr. Cu mon t , M MM , I , p . 2 87 , n o. 1 52;

Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 078, f i g. 5 58. 1 03

M. J .

1 61.

I nv. 2 649.

T im i oara .

Marble r el ief .

n o. 9 9 ;

883 , p . 2 08, n o. 7 ; P . K ir Ay , Mithraeu m , Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 02, n o. 1 79 , f i g. 1 60 ; L e Roy Ca mpbel l , Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3

Bery tus, X I , 1 954,

P .

. Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , 2 085, f ig. 4 6, n o. 8 2; M. J

5 61. 1 62.

I nv. 2 39. Deva .

P la te XXX IV

Marble r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads: C IL , I I , 7 925;

Ael ius N epos v otu m r et[ tu l it l.

F r. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , 2 07 , n o. 4 , f i g. 4 ;

P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 00 , p l. X , 1 ; G . Teg lä .s , HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 1; Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 84, n o. 1 42, 2 62, f i g. 1 32;— L e Roy Ca mpbel l , Bery tus, X I , 1 954, p . 8 5; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, n os. 2 068-2069 , f i g. 5 53. 1 63.

I nv. I V. 2 669.

C lu j-Napoca .

P la te XXXV I I I

Frag men t o f marble.

I nt he c o l lect ion o f G . Kuun a t Min t ia i n 1 889.

A . Fodor , p l. 5 9 , h ;

P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n u. 1 01, p l. X I I , 1 ;

Fr.

Cu mon t , M M M, I , p p. 3 05, 1 85, f ig. 1 62; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 140. 1 64.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber.

T im i para.

Two f rag men ts o f ar ectanu lgar s lab. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883, p . 2 08, n o. 6 ; n o. 1 3;

P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 02;

S e ma t is m , p . 1 79 ,

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 04, n o.

1 82; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 079. 1 65.

Withou t i nven tory n umber.

Deva.

Two f rag men ts o f al arge marble s lab. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 09 , n o. 1 4; n o. 1 03;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I ,

P .

2 86.

P . K iraly , Mithraeu m ,

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o.

2 080. 1 66.

I nv. 2 52. Deva. Two f rag men ts o f ar ectangu lar marble s lab. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V II , 1 883 , p . 2 09 , n o. 1 5; P . K iraly , Mithraeu m ,

n o. 1 04;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I ,

P .

2 86, n o. 1 50 ;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M,

I , n o. 2 130 , f i g. 5 77. 1 67.

I nv. 3 40.

Deva.

Frag men t o f marble r el ief . P . K ir ny , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 05; 2 128, f ig. 5 67. 1 68.

I nv. 2 92.

Deva.

Frag men t o f marble r el ief . 1 04

M. J . Ver ma seren , C I MR M

I , n o.

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M , V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 08, n o. 9 ; n o. 1 06;

P . K iraPl y , Mithraeu m ,

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 58, n o. 1 45; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M,

I , n o. 2 070. 1 69.

I nv. 2 50.

Deva.

Three f rag men ts o f al arge marble r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 09 , n o. 1 7 ; e um

n o. 1 07 ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 87 , n o. 1 51;

P. K ir ly , MithraM. J . Ver maseren ,

C I MR M, I , n o. 2 071, f i g. 5 54. 1 70.

I nv . 2 36.

Deva .

Frag men t o f a marble r el ief . P . K irg ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 08 ;

M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M

I , n o.

2 072, f ig. 5 55. 1 71.

I nv . 3 47.

Deva.

Frag men t o f marble. The i nscr ip t ion r eads : T E P E N TI A

[ nos ? ]

C IL , I I , 7 928; C . Tor ma , AE M, V I , 1 882, p . 1 08, n o. 1 7 ;

Fr. S tud-

n iczka , AE M , V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 08, n o. 1 0; P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 09 ; G . Tegläs , HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 2;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 86 , n o. 1 46 , 2 65;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n os. 2 064-2065, f i g. 5 51;

I . I . Russu , S tCo m

1 2, p . 5 5, f i g. 9 . 1 72.

I nv . 2 44.

Deva.

Frag men t o f a marble r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883, p . 2 08 , n o. 1 1; n o. 1 10 , p l. X I I , 2 ;

P . K irg ly , Mithraeu m ,

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 86, n o. 1 47 , f i g. 1 35;

M. J .

V er maseren , C I MR M , I , n o. 2 058. 1 73.

I nv. 2 70 , ,

Deva.

F ive f rag men ts-of t he b ase o f ar ectangu lar s lab. The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

..n t is Anpoc v

C IL , I I , S upp l. 7 929; Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 09 , n o. 1 3; P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 11;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 86 , n o. 1 48 a ,

2 66; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n os. 2 081-2082. 1 74.

I nv. 2 38.

Deva .

P la te XXXV

S evera l f rag men ts o f a marble c o mpos it ion r epresen t ing t he s acr if ice o fb u l l.

The d e ity i s a cco mpan ied b y a t tendan ts. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, p . 2 11, n o. 2 4, p l. V I , 2 ;

e um

n o. 1 12, 1 19 , p l. X IV ;

P . K iräly , Mithra-

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 89 , n o. 1 58, f i g.

1 43; 0 . F loca , EDR, V I , 1 935 , p . 2 17 , f i g. 2 ; S . Ferr i , ARD , 4 57-458; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 063, f i g. 5 50; F79 ( =C iv iltä , p p. 2 23-224, F 130 );

P .

RR, p . 2 09 ,

Gh id Deva , p . 3 5, f igs. 4 5-46.

1 05

3 45, f ig.

1 75.

I nv. 2 42.

Deva .

P la te XXXV I

Two f rag men ts o f al imestone r el ief d ep ict ing t he s acr if ice o f ab u l l. On t he b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

Cass( ius ) Max i mus a ug(usta l is )

c o l (on iae ) S ar m ( izegetusae ) M(arcus )/U lp ( ius ) Ca ius p ro s a l (u te ) s ua e x v (o to ) p os(uerun t ). C IL , I I , S upp l . 7 930; Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , p . 2 10 , n o. 1 9; Mithraeu m , n o. 1 13, p l. X I I , 4 ;

G . Tegläs , HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 2;

Cu mon t , M M M, I , P . 2 87 , n o. 2 67 , 1 53, f i g. 1 36;

P . Fr.

L e Roy Campbel l , Bery tus,

X I , 1 954, p . 4 6 , n o. 8 8; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n os. 2 066-2067 , f ig. 5 52. 1 76.

I nv. 2 47.

Deva .

Frag men t o f t he u pper l ef t c orner o f al arge s lab. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 10 , n o. 2 2, p l . V I I , 3a -c; Tegläs , HT, I , 1 902, p . 7 7 , f i g. 1 77 ; 1 ;

G .

P . K iraly , Mithraeu m ,n o. 1 14, p l. I X,

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 88 , n o. 1 56, f i gs. 1 39-141; M. J . Ver maseren ,

C I MR M, I , n o. 2 062, f i g. 5 49. 1 77.

I nv . 3 61.

Deva.

Four f rag men ts o f ar el ief ;

d escr ibed a l l t ogether f or t he f irst t ime b y

M. J . Ver maseren . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, WI , 1 883 , p p. 2 10 , 2 14, n o. 2 3, 2 8; P . K iraly , Mi thraeu m , n o. 1 15, 1 24, p l. X IX, 2 ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I ,p . 2 89 , n o.

1 57 , f ig. 1 42, p . 2 92, n o. 1 64, f i g. 1 47 ;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o.

2 055. 1 78.

I nv. 2 48.

Deva .

Two f rag men ts o f a marble s lab. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 10, n o. 2 1; um , n o. 1 16;

P . K iraly , Mithrae-

55 , f ig. 1 38; Fr. Cu mon t , MMM , I , p . 2 88, n o .1

L e Roy

Ca mpbe l l , Bery tus, X I , 1 954, p . 4 6, n o. 8 4; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, n o. 2 059 , f ig. 5 48. 1 79.

I nv. 2 43.

Deva.

P la te XXXV I

Frag men t o f as lab. The i nscr ip t ion r eads : C IL , I I , S upp l . 7 931;

n us e x v (oto) p os(u i t ) . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883, p . 2 10 , n o.

2 0; P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 17 , p l. X I I , 3 ; 8 2;

Fr. Cu mon t , MMM , I ,

G . Teglä .s, HT, I , 1 902, p .

2 68, 2 88 , n o. 1 54, f ig. 1 37; M. J . Ver maseren ,

P .

C I MR M, I , n os. 2 060-2061. 1 80.

I nv. 3 57.

Deva.

Four f rag men ts o f ar el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M r aeu m , n o. 1 18;

V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 12, n o. 2 5;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 91, n o. 1 61;

C I MR M, I , n o. 2 057 , f i g. 5 47.

1 06

P . K iraly , MithM. J . Ver maseren ,

1 81.

I nv. 2 53.

Deva .

Frag men t o f s lab. P . K irg ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 20 ; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 131. 1 82.

I nv. 2 72.

P la te XXXI I I

S ar m izegetusa .

Bust o f S ol. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, WI , 1 883 , e um

n o. 1 21, p l. XV , 2 ;

P .

2 12, n o. 2 6;

P . K i d .

Mithra-

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 91, n o. 1 62, f i g. 1 45;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, n o. 2 132, f i g. 5 78. 1 83.

I nv. 2 71.

S ar m izegetusa .

P la te =

M I

Frag men t o f ar el ief r epresen t ing S e lene. Fr. S tudn iczka . , AE M, WI , 1 883, p . 2 12, n o. 2 4; P . K irä ly , Mithrae um

n o. 1 22, p l. XV , 3 ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 90 , n o. 1 60 , f i g. 1 44;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M , I , n o. 2 053, f ig. 5 44. 1 84.

I nv. 3 45.

Deva.

Frag men t o f ar el ief o f al i on . P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 23; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M , I , n o. 2 133. 1 85.

I nv. I5 23.

T im i para .

Re l ief o f marble;

P la te =

wel l-preserved.

C . Tor ma , AE M, V I , 1 882, p . 1 44; n o. 3 6 , p l. WI , 4 ; M M M, I ,

P .

V I I

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, WI , 1 883 ,

P . K irä ly , Mi thraeu m , n o. 1 25, p l. XVI I I , 2 ;

F r. Cu mon t ,

3 03, n o. 1 80 , f i g. 1 61; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 052,

f i g. 5 43. 1 86.

I nv. 2 56.

Deva .

Frag men t o f as lab. P . K ir ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 26; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 056 , f ig. 5 46. 1 87.

I nv. 2 45 ( A0041).

S ar m izegetusa.

P la te XXXV I I

Wel l-preserved r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, WI , 1 883, n o. 3 5, p l . V I I , 1 ; G . Teglgs, HT, I , 1 902 , p . 8 0 , f i g. 1 79; P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 27 , p l. XV I I I , 1 ; Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 98, n o. 1 71, f i g. 1 54; Mithra , L e ipzig , 1 930 , f ig. 1 9 ; f i g. 5 42. 1 88.

Fr.

J . L e ipold t , D ie Rel ig ion d es

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 051,

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

Two f rag men ts o f a marble r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, WI , 1 883 , p . 2 14, n o. 3 0; P . K irä ly , Mithrae um , n o. 1 28, p l. XV I I , 1 ;

F r. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 94, n o. 1 66, f i g. 1 49;

M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 050 , f ig. 5 41. 1 0 ' 7

1 89.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

The u pper p art o f ar el ief w ith a t r iangu lar p ed i men t. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , n o . 3 7 ; 1 29 , p l. XX I , 1 ;

P . K iri ly , Mithraeu m , n o.

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 98, n o. 1 72, f ig. 1 55; M. J .

Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 037 , f ig. 5 35. 1 90.

I nv . 3 59.

Deva.

S even f rag ments o f r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

...Pr iscus.

C IL , I I , 7 932; G . Tdgläs , HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 2; P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 30 , p l. XV I ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 69 ; M. J . Ver maseren ,

C I MR M, I , n os. 2 038-2039 , f i g. 5 36. 1 91.

I nv . 2 96.

Deva.

Frag men t o f s lab. The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

..De ../ Iu l ius M...

P . K ir ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 30 , p l. XV I;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p .

2 69 ; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n os. 2 040-2041. 1 92.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

S evera l f rag men ts o f a marble s lab. Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 15, n o. 3 1; P . K ira ly , Mithrae um , n o. 1 31, p l. X IX , 1 ;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 94, n o. 1 67 , f ig. 1 50 ;

M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 036, f i g. 5 34. 1 93.

I nv. 3 58.

Deva.

S evera l f rag men ts o f a marble r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

S (o l i ) I (nv icto ) M( ithrae ) C . S ped ( ius ? ) Va ler i-

a nus a ug (usta l is ) c o l (on iae ) d (onu m ) d (a t ). C IL , I I , 7 933;

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M , V I I , 1 893 , n o. 3 3, p l . V I I I , 2 ;

P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 32, p l. XV I I , 2 ; Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 96, n o. 1 69 , f i g. 1 52, 2 70; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n os. 2 034-2035, f ig. 5 33. 1 94.

I nv. 2 75.

Deva.

Ten f rag men ts o f r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads: C IL, I I , 7 934;

.. c lo l (on iae ) v (oto ) 1 ( ibens ) p (osu it ).

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , n o. 3 4; G . Teg läs ,

HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 2; P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 33, p l. XX ;

F r. Cu mon t ,

M M M, I , p . 2 97 , n o. 1 70 , 2 71; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M , I , n os. 2 0482 049 , f i g. 5 40. 1 95.

I nv. 2 49.

Deva.

Frag men t o f a n u pper l ef t c orner o f ar el ief .

1 08

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , n o. 4 3; 1 34;

P . K ill ly , Mithraeu m , n o.

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 02, n o. 1 78 b is; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M,

I , n o. 2 106. 1 96.

I nv . 3 46.

Deva.

Frag men t o f t he u pper p ar t o f ar el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M , V I I , 1 883 , n o. 4 2; P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 35;

Fr. Cu mon t , MMM , I , p . 3 02, n o. 1 78; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M,

I , n o. 2 107 , f i g. 5 68. 1 97.

I nv . 3 39.

Deva.

Frag men t o f t he u pper p ar t o f al imestone r el ief . P . K ird ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 36; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M

I , n o.

2 108, f i g. 5 69. 1 98.

I nv . 3 33.

Deva.

Frag men t o f al imestone r el ief . P . K ira ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 37; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 109. 1 99.

I nv. 2 61.

Deva .

Three f rag men ts o f al imestone r e l ief . P . K irä ly , Mi thraeu m , n o. 1 38; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M , I , n o. 2 110. 2 00.

I nv . 2 37.

Deva.

E igh t f rag men ts o f at rapezo ida l marble s lab. The i nscr ip t ion r eads:

S (ol i I (nv icto ) M( ithrae ) .. e r. v [ex l v (o to )

1 ( ibens ) p (osu it ). C IL , I I , 7 936;

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883, n o. 3 8;

Mithraeu m , n o. 1 39 , p l. ) 0 (1 , 2 ;

G . Ti g-1 37 s , HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 3;

P . K irä ly , Fr. Cu mon t ,

M M M, I , p . 2 99 , n o. 1 73, 2 72, f i g. 1 56; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n os. n os. 2 046-2047 , f i g. 5 39. 2 01.

I nv. 3 42. Deva . Frag men t o f t he c en tra l z one o f a marble r el ief . P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 40; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o.

2 119. 2 02.

I nv . 3 43.

Deva.

Frag men t o f a marble r el ief . P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 41. 2 03.

I nv . 2 93.

Deva.

S even f rag men ts o f a marble r e l ief .

1 09

The i nscr ip t ion r eads: C IL, I I , 7 937 ; 2 21, n o. 4 1;

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 14, n o. 2 9 , p .

P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n os. 1 43-144, p l. XX I I , 1 , XXI I I , 2 ;

G . Tegla 's, HT, I , 1 902, p . 8 3; f i g. 1 48;

.. e l t Ca ius .. u s e (x ) v (oto ) p (osu it ).

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 93 , n o. 1 65, 2 73,

L e Roy Ca mpbel l , Bery tus, X I , 1 954, p . 5 2, n o. 5 26; M. J .

Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n os. 2 044-2034 , f i g. 5 38. 2 04.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber ,

Deva .

Frag men t o f t he c en tra l z one o f al imestone r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 12, n o. 2 7; P . K ira ly , Mithrae um , n o. 1 45 , p l. 2 0 M ;

F r. Cu mon t , MMM , I , p . 2 92, n o. 1 63, f i g. 1 46;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M , I , n o. 2 043, f i g. 5 37. 2 05.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

Two f rag men ts o f ac ircu lar marble r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , n o. 4 0 , p l. V I , 1 ; Mithraeu m , n o. 1 46, p l. XXI I I , 1 ; f ig. 1 58; 2 06.

P . K irä ly ,

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 01, n o. 1 76,

M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 042.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f t he u pper p ar t o f a marble r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , n o. 3 9 ; 1 47 ;

P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o.

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I ,p . 3 01, n o. 1 74, f i g. 1 57 ; M. J . V er maseren ,

C I MR M , I , n o. 2 111, f ig. 5 76. 2 07.

I nv. 3 53.

Deva .

Frag men t o f t he u pper o r l a tera l p ar t o f ar el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883 , n o. 3 9 ; 1 48; Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 01, n o. 1 75; I , n o. 2 114, f i g. 5 73. 2 08.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

P . K irä . ly , Mithraeu m , n o. M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M

Deva .

Frag men t o f marble. P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 49; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M , I , n o. 2 115. 2 09.

I nv. 3 55.

Deva .

P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 50 ; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 116. 2 10.

I nv . 2 64.

Deva .

Frag ment o f ar el ief . P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 51. p l . XV , 1 ; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 117.

1 10

2 11.

I nv . 2 60.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r el ief. P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 52;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o.

2 118. 2 12.

I nv . 2 65.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief. P . K ira ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 53; M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 088, f ig. 5 62. 2 13.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 54; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M 2 14.

I nv . 3 41.

I , n o.2089.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . K ir e , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 55; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M , I , n o.2098. 2 15.

I nv. 2 55.

Deva.

Frag men t o f c h la mys. P .

K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n os. 1 56-158;

M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M,

I , n o. 2 099. 2 16.

I nv. 2 78.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 59; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o.2100. 2 17.

I nv. 3 54.

Deva .

F rag men t o f r el ief . P . K iräly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 60 ; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I ,n o.2100. 2 18.

Without i nven tory n umber.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . I üri ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 61; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o.2101. 2 19.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 62; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 102. 2 20.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

P . I üra ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 63; M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M 2 21.

I nv . 2 82.

I , n o.2103.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, WI , 1 883, p . 2 09 , n o. 1 6; P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 64;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 2 86, n o. 1 49. 1 11

2 22.

Withou t i nven tory n umber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r e l ief . P . K iraly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 65; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , No.2104. 2 23.

I nv. 2 59.

Deva.

P . K iräly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 66; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n o.2105. 2 24.

L iv . 3 32.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . I ürä ly , Mi thraeu m , n os. 1 68-169;

M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M,

I , n o. 2 126. 2 25.

I nv. 3 52.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 70 ; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n o.2125. 2 26.

I nv. 2 57.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . I ürä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 67. 2 27.

I nv. 3 36.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . K irä ly , Mithraeu m , n o. 1 71. 2 28.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r el ief . Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, WI , 1 883, p . 2 12, n o. 2 4;

Fr. Cu mont , M M M,

p . 2 90 , n o. 1 59 ; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 054. 2 29.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief. M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 087. 2 30.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . Ver maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 090, f ig. 5 63. 2 31.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

De l ia.

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 091, f i g. 5 64. 2 32.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 092, f ig. 5 65.

1 12

2 33.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 093, f i g. 5 66. 2 34.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 094, f ig. 5 67. 2 35.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . 2 36.

Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 095.

Withou t i nven tory n umber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . P . 2 37.

Mithraeu m , n os. 1 72-180.

Withou t i nven tory n umber.

Deva.

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . Ver maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 097. 2 38.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 112, f ig. 5 71. 2 39.

Withou t i nven tory n umber.

Deva .

Frag men t o f r el ief . M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M 2 40.

Without i nven tory n u mber.

I , n o. 2 113, f ig. 5 72. Deva.

Frag men t o f r e l ief . M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M, I , n o. 2 127. 2 41.

Withou t i nven tory n umber.

C lu j-Napoca .

Frag men t o f r el ief . Fr. Cu mon t , MMM , I , p . 3 05, n o. 1 86; M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M , I , n o. 2 141. 2 42.

I nv. 1 0042.

S ar m izegetusa.

P la te XXXV I

Wel l-preserved r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads : S (o l i ) I (nv icto ) M( ithrae ) Corne l( ius ) Corne l ianus e x v (oto ) p (osu it ). P . K irä ly , G . Tegläs, ErdMi lz, V I , 1 889 , p . 3 58; G . Teg läs , AE M, X I I I , 1 890 , p . 1 93 , n o. 5 ;

C I

LI I 1 2581;

G . Teg läs, AnnEp, 1 912 , n o . 3 09;

Fr . Cu mon t , M MM , I , p . 3 06, n o . 1 86 b is; n os . 2 142-2143, f ig . 5 80 . 1 13

M .J . Ver maseren , C I MR M

2 43.

I nv . 2 586.

C lu j-Napoca .

Frag men t o f r el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads : [ August i

l i ber tus e i ]us v o tu m.

A . F odor , p l . 6 6; 1 437 ;

[ Pro s a lu te ] M(arc i ) Lucce i F el ic is p roc (ura tor is )/

J . M. N e igebaur , Dac ien ,

P .

Fr . C u mon t , M MM , I , p .307 , n o . 2 96, 1 89 b is ;

4 1, n o. 1 39 ;

C IL

I I

A . S te in , D ie R e ichs-

b ea m ten v on Daz ien , Budapest , 1 944, p . 8 3 ; D . T udor , I s tor ia , p . 2 52 , n o . 5 3 ;

M .J . Vermaseren , C I MR M

2 44.

I , n os . 2 149-2150 , f ig . 5 81.

Withou t i nven tory n umber.

D eva .

Base o f s ta tue r epresen t ing Mithras P etrogen itus. M. J . V er maseren , C I MR M, I , n o. 2 151, f i g. 5 82. 2 45.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

Deva .

F rag men t o f r el ief . F r. Cumon t , MMM , I , p . 3 19 , n o. 2 07 , f i g. 1 80 ;

S . F err i , ARD ,

P . 3 46 , f i g. 4 58; M. J . V er maseren , C IMR M , I , n o . 2 152, f i g. 5 83. 2 46.

I nv. 2 0163.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te XXX IX Frag men t .

S ize :

The l ower r ight c orner i s b roken of. ac ave.

2 5 x2 9 x2 .5 cm

The s cene o f at aurobol iu m i n

On t he r ight , Cau tes h o ld ing a r a ised t orch ,

ad ove a nd a d og ;

o n

t he l ef t , Cau topa tes w ith a d own-turned t orch a nd a p ine-cone a nd wear ing a sword f astened r ound h is wa ist.

A s nake w ith r a ised h ead i s u nder t he b u l l .

Above , t he b usts o f S o l a nd S e lene. On t he l ower b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

Maro p ro s a lu te[sua ].

F ound i n t he s ou th-eastern p ar t o f t he t own . Da te : f irst h a l f o ft he 3 rd c en tury A .D . L . Märgh i tan , S CIV , 1 8, 4 , 1 967 , p p . 6 94-695 , 6 99-700 , f i g. 4 -5. 2 47.

I nv . 2 0162.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te XXXD ( Restored.

S ize :

2 6 x2 1 x 3 cm

M ithras i nt he a ct o f k i l l ing t he b u l l. Raven o n h is man t le. The g od i s f lanked b y Cau tes ( on t he l e f t ) w i th a r a ised t orch a nd ab ow , t hen a l ion a nd Cau topa tes w i th a r a ised t orch a nd a p ine-cone ( ? ), t hen a d og. r a ised h ead u nder t he b u l l.

A s nake w ith

I n t he u pper e x tre m i ty o f t he r el ief , t he b ust o f

L una a nd o n t he r ight S o l a nd t he s cene o f t he b ir th o f Mithras f ro m t he s tone. Found i n t he s ou th-eastern c orner o f t he t own . Da te : f irs t h a lf o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D . L . Märgh i tan , S CIV , 4 , 1 8 , 1 967 , p p . 6 93-695 , 6 99 , f i gs. 2 -3. 2 48.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

S a tu l Po iana ( Gor j ). P la te XXXV I

The l ower r eg is ter o f a Mithra ic b as-rel ief o f marble.

1 14

On t he u pper b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

..0 s . Pr i mus e x v o to

p osu it . The p iece h as b een b rought t o S ar m izegetusa f ro m t he f or mer v i l la o f Gh. Tä tärescu. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

I . I . Russu , Drobeta , I I , 1 977 , ( i n p ress) . 2 49.

L ost p iece.

P la te CXLV I

The l ower p ar t o f ar el ief . The i nscr ip t ion r eads: C IL , 1 1 ,1357 ; n o. 2 01;

S (o l i ) I (nv icto ) M( ithrae ) Aur(el ius )...

A . Fodor , p l. 2 5;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I ,

J . F . N eigebaur , Dacien , P . 4 4,

3 07 , n o. 1 89 , 2 91; M. J . V er maseren ,

P .

C I MR M, I , n os. 2 020-2021, wrongly r ecorded a s c om ing f ro m Micia. 2 50.

I nv. V . 2 3735. Bas-rel ief .

C lu j-Napoca.

Marble.

P la te XXXV I I I

Frag men tary.

S ize :

On ly t he l ower r igh t c orner h as s urv ived. Cau tes w ith r a ised t orch i n f ron t o f k neel ing b u l l ;

1 5 x1 6 x1 .9 cm The s cene o f at aurobol iu m. t he s nake w i th r a ised h ead

u nder t he s acr if ic ia l a n i ma l. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n ot k nown. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 2 51.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

S ibiu ( ? )

P la te CXLV I

The u pper r eg ister o f am ithra ic b as-rel ief . Four f igures ( one o f t he m l y ing d own ) c an b e d ist ingu ished. e x tre m ity o f t he s cene, a n a n i ma l.

I nt he l ef t

The p iece b elonged t o t he c o l lec t ion o f A .

V ärady where i t was s een b y A . Fodor a nd J . F . N eigebaur. A . Fodor , p l . 2 5, b ; 2 52.

I nv. 1 98.

J . F . N eigebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 4, n o. 2 03.

Deva.

P la te XXXV

Large m i thra ic b as-rel ief b ear ing t he f o llow ing i nscr ip t ion : I o(v i ) S (o l i ) I nv i(cto ) /d eo g en i tor i /r (upe ) n (a to ) L (uc ius ) Ael i(us ) Hy las 2 0 ( 1 ( iber tus ) p r(o ) s a ( lu te ) s ua e t Hor ien t is f i l ( i i )su i e t Apu leia (e ) e ius s ig(nu m n um in is c um a bsida ta / e x v o to p os(u it ). I n s p ite o ft he f act t ha t t he b as-rel ief c o mes f ro m Do ta t , we c ons ider t he p rovenance o f i ta s b e ing U lp ia , ow ing t o i t s b e ing made o f Bucova marble a nd t o i t s a r t ist ic manner o f e xecu t ion . C IL , I I , 9 68, S upp l. 7 729 ; G . Teg lä .s, HT, I , 1 902, p . 7 9 ;

Fr. S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I , 1 883, n o. 7 3;

Fr. Cu mon t , M M M, I , p . 3 07 , n o. 1 91, 2 56,

f ig. 1 66 ; I LS , 4 241; 0 . F loca , EDR, V I , 1 935, p . 2 16, f i g. 1 ; Personenna men , n o. 2 95; D . Tudor , I stor ia , p . 2 70 , n o. 1 25; s eren , C IMR M, I , n os. 2 006-2007 , f i g. 5 26; RR, p . 2 24, F 133 ).

1 15

P .

A . K ereny i , M. J . V er ma-

2 08, F74 ( =Civ il tä ,

2 53.

I nv . 2 1.

Deva .

P la te XL

A l tar i nt he s hape o f c o lu mn w ith a c ap i ta l. The i nscr ip t ion r eads :

N abarze / Deo / p ro s a l (u te ) Amp l ia t i / Aug (ust i )

n (ostr i ) d isp (en sa tor is ) e t /s ua s uoru mq(ue ) omn iu m / P ro tas v ikar ( ius) / e ius. C IL , I I , S upp l . 7 938;

F r. S tudn iczka , AE M , V I I , 1 883 , p . 2 25, p l .

V I I I , 1 ; G . 'M ils , HT, I , 1 902 , p . 7 6; Fr. Cumon t , MM M , I , n o. 2 74, f igs. 1 25-127 ; 0 . F loca , EDR , V I , 1 935 , p . 2 20 , f i g. 5 ; A . K ereny i , P ersone nna men , n o. 2 064; D . Tudor , I stor ia , p . 2 46 , n o. 2 2; M. J . V er maseren , C I I V IR M , I , n os. 2 028-2029 , f i g. 5 32. EGYPTIAN DEIT IES I SIS 2 54.

I nv . 3 92,

Deva .

S ta tuet te.

Marble.

P la te XL I Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 1.6 cm ;

h e ight o f f ace 1 .7 cm. The b ust o f I sis wear ing a v ela men a nd c h i ton .

On t he t op o f h er h ead ,

t he r e ma ins o f ap o los. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Gh id Deva , p . 3 5 , f i g. 6 2. 2 55.

I nv . 1 125.

Deva .

S ta tue t te. Bronze. h eigh t o f f ace 2 cm

P la te C 20 ( We l l-preserved.

I s is i n c h i ton a nd h i ma t ion .

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 1 5 cm ;

The h a ir i s g a thered o ver h er e ars.

S he

i s wear ing a s em i-c ircu lar d iade m a nd a h igh p o los a nd i s h o ld ing a s istru m i nh er r igh t h and a nd a f o ld o f g ar men t i n h er l ef t h and . Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Gh id Deva , f ig. 5 0 S ERAPIS 2 56.

I nv . 1 4710 . S ta tuette.

Bucharest.

Marble.

P la te XL I

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h e ight 2 8 cm ;

h e ight o ff ace 1 3 cm. The b ust o f S erap is o n a sma l l b ase. The b earded g od w ith l ong , c arefu l ly a rranged h a ir i s w ear ing a d raped g ar men t wh ich i s l argely o pen a t t he n eck .

The p iece c o mes f ro m Tara H egu lu i ; t he f ind-spo t i s n o t

k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

G . Bordenache , SGR , p . 8 6 , p l. D O C I I I.

16

BALKANO-DANUBIAN DEITIES DANUB IAN R IDERS 2 57.

I nv . 1 0039.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te XL I I

F rag men tary.

S ize :

1 0.5 x 1 2.5 x 0 .3 cm

The u pper l ef t p ar t , d iv ided i n to t wo r eg isters , i s p reserved. The f i rst r eg ister d ep icts a n o vo id v ase i n t he c en tre f lanked b y t wo s nakes w i th r a ised h eads.

On t he l ef t , t he b ust o f S elene.

s erved o n t he ma in r eg ister ;

F our h u man h eads a re p re-

i n t he c en tre , ab earded h orse man w ear ing a

Phryg ian c ap i s h o ld ing a s pear i n h is r a ised r igh t h and ; o n t he l ef t , t wo b eard less y ou ths a nd o nt he r ight a wo man b es ide t he h ead o f h orse. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

D . Tudor , EDR, WI , 1 937 , p . 2 96, f i g. 1 0 ;

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 3;

Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p . 6 1, c ons iders wrong ly t ha t t he p iece r epresen ts t he Thrac ian h orse man . D . T udor , CMRED , I , p .9, n o .15, p l . V I I . 2 58.

I nv . 1 013.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te XL I I I

F rag men tary .

S ize : 1 2 x 9x 0 .2 cm

On ly t he l ef t-hand s ide o f t he monu men t h as s urv ived.

The r igh t l eg o f

t he Danub ian r ider a nd t he f ore-par t o f h orse t o t he r ight c rush ing a f a l len ma le f i gure.

I n f ron t o f t he a n i ma l , t he b ust o f ag oddess who i s h o ld ing t he

b r id le a nd a s tand ing ma le f i gure w ith h is r igh t h and a t h is mou th ; h e i s w eari ng a l ong d ress. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

D . Tudor , EDR, V I I I , 1 938 , P P•445-448, f i g. 3 ; Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 6 1, c ons iders wrongly t ha t t he p iece r epresen ts t he Thrac ian h orse man . D . Tudor , CMRED , I , 2 59.

P .

1 0 , n o. 1 7 , p l . V I I I.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber. Bas-rel ief.

Marble.

Deva .

F rag men tary .

P la te XL I I S ize :

The u pper p ar t o f t he r el ie f i s p reserved .

1 0 x1 5.2 x 0 .2 cm The u pper r eg is ter s hows

t he b us t o f af e ma le f i gure i n t he c en tre; f lanked b y t wo b usts o f ma le f i gures w ear ing P hryg ian c aps.

Over t he f e ma le h ead i s a n e agle s pread ing t he w ings.

I n t he e x tre m i t ies o ft he u pper r eg ister , t he b usts o f S o l a nd S elene. f i gure h o ld ing a f i sh v er t ica l ly i s b e tween t he t hree d e i t ies.

A n aked

The l ower r eg is-

t er d ep ic ts t he Grea t Goddess w ith t wo s nakes r ound h er h ead a nd h o ld ing t he r e ins o f h orses s tand ing s ym me tr ica l ly o n e i ther s ide o f h er.

Bo th h orses

a re r idden b y y ou ths w ear ing P hryg ian c aps , t un ics a nd f l u tter ing man tles; w ith s pears i nt he ir h ands. B eside a n a t tendan t. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

17

D . Tudor , EDR, WI , 1 937 , p . 2 98 , f i g. 1 3; D . Tudor , CMRED , I , p . 1 1, n o. 1 8 , p l. I X. 2 60.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber. Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

S igh i para .

F rag men tary .

P la te XL I I I

S ize :

1 7 x1 7 x0 .2 cm

Bas-rel ief i n t he s hape o f a n a ed icu la ; t he l ower l ef t c orner i s m iss ing. The s cene i s d iv ided i n to t hree r eg isters.

The u pper r eg ister s hows a n e ag le

w ith s pread w ings f lanked b y t he b usts o f S o l a nd L una .

The m idd le r eg ister

d ep ic ts L ie g oddess s ea ted o n ah igh-backed t hrone i n t he c en tre; mensa t r ipes w i th a f i sh.

i n f ron t ,

Two g a l lop ing b earded r iders a re s y mme tr ica l ly

a rranged o n e i ther s ide o f h er ; t hey a re wear ing Phryg ian c aps a nd f lu t ter ing man tles a nd a re h o ld ing t he r e ins o f h orses. b ipenn is i n h is r igh t h and .

The l ef t h orse man i s h o ld ing a

The h orses c rush w ith t he ir h ooves t he h eads o f t wo

f a l len n aked h u man f i gures.

A l i on i s o n t he b ack o f t he l ef t f i gure.

The

t h ird r eg ister s hows f ro m l ef t t o r igh t : ab ird ( or a sma l l s nake ), a q uadrup ed t urn ing i t s h ead b ack , a sma l l b ust w ith i t s r igh t h and a t i t s mouth a nd a g roup o f t hree p ersons, t wo s tand ing a nd a re h o ld ing e ach o thers s hou lders; a nd t he t h ird f igure i s i n t he c en tre i n t he b ackground. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

J . Hampel , A, ) 0 ( I I I , 1 903 , Thracian h orse men ;

P .

3 24, n o. 1 8 , c onsidered a s b e ing

i de m , BpR , 1 904, p . 3 1, c ons idered a s b e ing a Thrac ian

h orse man ; Ä . Buday , Do lgSzeged , I V , 1 928, p . 3 0 a nd 1 04, n o . 1 8 , f i g. 2 5 , i den t if ied wrong ly w i th t he Thrac ian h orse man .

D . Tudor , EDR , WI , 1 937 ,

p p. 2 97-298 , f i g. 1 2; D . Tudor , CMRED , I . p p. 1 0-11, n o. 1 7 , p l . V II I. 2 61.

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

P la te CXLV I I Marble.

F rag men tary .

On ly t he r igh t-hand s ide o f monu men t i s p reserved. d iv ided i n to t hree z ones.

The s cene i s

The f i rst r eg ister s hows t he b ust o f S elene ( on t he

r ight ) wear ing a man t le a nd a s nake ( a sma l l w rea th? o n t he l ef t ).

The m idd le

r eg ister d ep icts a h orse man a nd t he f ore-par t o f h orse t o t he r igh t c rush ing w ith i t s h oof a f a l len p erson .

I n f ron t o f h im , f ro m t he l ef t t o t he r ight :

a

wo man i n al ong d ress , a no ther wo man w ith h er r ight h and a t h er mou th a nd af i gure i n at un ica

r a ising a n o b ject ( a c up o r r hy ton ? ). I n t he l ower r eg is-

t er , t wo ma le f i gures :

o ne o ft he m w i th h is l ef t h and o ver a f lam ing a l tar ( ? )

w ith a h ead o f r am a bove a nd t he o ther f i gure s ea ted a nd h o ld ing a l ong o b ject ( sacr if icia l k n ife

t owards a men sa t r ipes w ith a f i sh o r t he h ead o f ar a m.

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

G . Tdgli 's , AE ,2 0 (V I I I , 1 908 , p p . 8 2-85 i den t if ied wrongly w ith t he Thrac ian h orse man ; J . Hampe l , AE, M I , 1 911, p . 4 16, n o. 8 7 , i den t if ied w ith t he Thrac ian h orse man ; A ' . Buday , Do lgSzeged , I , 1 926, p . 4 6 , f i g. 3 9 , c ons idered a Thrac ian h orse man ; D . Tudor , EDR , WI , 1 937 , p . 2 96 , f i g. 1 1; D . Tudor , CMRED , I , p p. 9 -10 , n o. 1 6, p l. WI.

18

THE THRACIAN HORSE MAN 2 62.

L ost p iece. Ba s-rel ief .

Marble.

Wel l-preserved.

P la te CXLV I I 2 5 x2 0 x 4 cm

S ize :

Thrac ian h orse man i n c h i ton g a l lop ing t o t he r igh t. s pear i n h is r ight h and.

I n f ron t o f h im , a wo man ;

He i s h o ld ing a

ad og b elow t he h orse ;

i n

t he b ackground , a n a t tendan t.

A bove , o n t he r ight , as nake i n at ree.

u pper b order , t he l e t ters VA .

The p iece was s een a nd d rawn b y I . T e igläs , a t

On t he

A . Petrov ic i ls i n Ha Ieg. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

C IL , I I , 7 966; I . Teg läs , AE M, X I , 1 886 , p . 2 36 , n o. 1 2; AE, XXV I , 1 906 ,

4 35; G . Teg läs , A , XXV I I I , 1 908 , p . 8 5;

P .

J . Ha mpel , At, XXX I ,

1 911, p . 4 15 ; I . I . Russu T AMN , I V , 1 967 , p . 9 6, n o. 1 6 , f i g. 1 . 2 63.

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

P la te CXLV I Marble ( ? ).

Ab eard less y ou th w i th f lu t ter ing man t le g a l lop ing o n h orseback .

The

b as-rel ief was s een a nd d rawn b y I . T Eg.1 5 .s i n t he c hurch a t O strov . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

I . Tegläs , AE, XXV I , 1 906, p . 4 35 , f ig. 4 ;

J . Ha mpel , Ai :, XXX I ,

1 911, p . 4 15 ; I .I . R ussu, AMN , I V , 1 967 , p . 9 7 , n o . 1 7 .

2 64.

I nv . 2 07.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te XL IV

Marble.

We l l-preserved .

S ize :

2 2.7 x 1 9.8 x 2 .5 cm

Ab eard less Thrac ian h orse man g a l lop ing t o t he r ight . ac h iton . f ron t.

He i s wear ing

Below t he h orse , as tone t able ( ? ) a nd t wo b u l ls ( ? ) l ook ing t o t he

I n f ron t o ft he h orse , aw o man who s ee ms t o h ang t he r e ins f ro m a t ree;

b eh ind t he h orse , a n a t tendan t h o ld ing t he t a il o f a n i ma l . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

G . Teg läs , AE

2 0 ( 'V I I I , 1 908 , p . 8 2;

J . Ha mpe l , AE, XXX I , 1 911,

p p. 4 15-416; A . Buday , Do lgSzeged , I , 1 926, p . 3 5;

I . I . Russu , AMN

I V ,

1 967 , p . 9 7 , n o. 1 8; Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 6 1, f i g. p . 5 8; Gh id Deva , p . 3 4 , f i g. 4 3. 2 65.

I nv . A .3438. Bas-rel ief .

S ib iu . L i mestone.

P la te CXLV I I I Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 1 x1 8 x 2 cm

The l ower l ef t c orner i s b roken of. The h orse man f ac ing t o t he r igh t i s h o ld ing a s pear w i th t he p o in t d own i nh is r ight h and . Below t he h orse a n a n i ma l , a nd i n f ron t o f t he h orse a man ( ? ) o r a n a l tar ( ? ) a nd at ree. t he a n i ma l , a n a t tendan t s ee ms t o h o ld t he h orse 's t a il . Chance f ind.

1 19

Beh ind

Da te : J .

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Ha mpe l , AE

XXV , 1 905 , p p . 4 -6; I . I . Russu , AMN

I V , 1 967 ,

p . 9 7 , n o. 1 9 , f i g. 2 . 2 66.

L ost p iece ( ? ). Bas-rel ief. Marble.

S ize :

1 7 x1 4 cm

Ah orse man w i th a r a ised s pear g a l lop ing t o t he r ight . ad og t I L . _ ing t o ab oar ( ? ).

B elow t he h orse ,

I n f ron t o f h i m a wo man , a nd b eh ind h im a n a t ten-

d an t h o ld ing t he h orse 's t a il .

The p iece was s een b y G . Teglä .s a t t he h ouse o f

t he p r iest Bocsa t Pop i nS ar m izegetusa i n 1 887.

The p iece i s s ubsequen t ly

r ecorded a t A lba J u l ia Museu m , b u t i s n o t t here t oday . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

J . J ung , J ÖA I , I I , 1 900 , Bbl . c . 1 81-182 , n o. 6 , f ig. 2 5 AE, XX I I I , 1 903, p . 3 13, n o. 7 ; i de m , AE, 2 0 (V , 1 905 , p . 6 ; AE 2 67.

J . Hampe l ,

G . Tegids ,

2 . 0 ZV I I I , 1 908 , p . 8 5; I . I . Russu , AMN , I V , 1 967 , p . 9 8, n o. 2 2. I nv . 2 08.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te XLV

Marble.

Wel l-pres

s ize :

2 7 x2 7 x 3 cm

The p iece i s worn . Thrac ian h orse man h o ld ing a r a ised s pear i nh is h and g a l lop ing t o t he r ight. I n f ron t a nd b eh ind t he h orse a f i gure c an j ust b e d ist ingu ished. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpub l ished . 2 68.

I nv . 1 9140.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te XLV Wel l-preserved .

The r el ief i s v ery worn .

S ize :

3 8 x3 3 x3 .5 cm

Thracian h orse man w ith f lu t ter ing man t le

a nd h o ld ing a r a ised s pear g a l lop ing t o t he r igh t.

The h orse i s f lanked b y t wo

h ard ly d ist ingu ishable f i gures. Found a t S ä l eu l d e S us. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished.

D EIT IES ON THRONES 2 69.

I nv. 4 45.

Deva .

S ta tuet te.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CX :XXV I Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 9.1 x 8 .6 cm

The b usts o f t wo e n throned d e i t ies; o n t he l ef t-hand s ide , ag oddess w ear ing a s em i-c ircu lar d iade m o n h er h ead a nd a c o l lar a t t he n eck ; o n t he r igh t , ag od ( t he h ead i s b roken of ). The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3 r dc en tury A . D.

Gh id Deva p . 3 6-37 1 20

2 70.

I nv . 4 46.

Deva .

S ta tue tte.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV I Wel l-preserved.

Bo th d e i t ies a re p reserved.

S ize :

1 3.1 x 8 .2 cm

They a re wear ing t h ick c o l lars a t t he n eck .

Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. G h id Deva , p p. 3 6-37. 2 71.

I nv . 4 47.

D eva .

S ta tue tte.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV I Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

1 3 x 7 cm

S im i lar t o t he p rev ious s ta tue t tes ( nos. 2 69 , 2 70 ).

The h a ir ( or d ia-

d e ms ) i s r ad ia l ly i nc ised . Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

RR , p . 2 25 , F 142 ( =Civ ile a . , p . 2 29 , F 156 );

Gh id Deva , p p . 3 6-37 ,

f i g. 3 3. 2 72.

I nv . 4 48.

Deva.

S ta tuet te.

Terraco t ta .

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

1 4.5 x 7 .7 cm

S im i lar t o t he p rev ious s ta tuet tes ( nos. 2 69-271), The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Gh id Deva , p p. 3 6-37. MYTHOLOG ICAL F IGURES CENTAUR 2 73.

Withou t i nven tory n umber. Budapest ( ? ) S ta tue t te. Cen taur :

Bronze.

N a t iona l Hungar ian Museu m .

Frag men tary .

P la te CXX I

S ize : h e igh t 4 0 cm

t he h ead , r ight a rm a nd l egs a re m issing.

The b ody i s a

l i t t le t w isted i nd ica t ing t ha t h e was h o ld ing a n o b ject n ow l ost , i n h is l ef t h and. The p i ece , which c a me f ro m S ar m izegetusa , was s t il l i n Bdkesgyu la Museu m ( Hungary ) i n 1 886. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

AE, V I , 1 886, p . 9 2.

EROS 2 74.

Withou t i nven tory n umber. Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

S ar m izegetusa .

Frag men tary .

1 21

S ize :

P la te XLV I 1 1 x2 1 x3 .5 cm

The b as-rel ief i s f ramed i n t he u pper p ar t.

Head o f Eros;

i n f ron t ,

aw ing c an b e d ist ingu ished . Found i n A edes Augusta l ium. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. Unpub l ished . WINGED GEN I I 2 75.

I nv . 127. D eva . S ta tuet te. Bronze. We l l-preserved .

S ize :

P la te C )0 ( I I t ota l h e igh t 1 0 .2 cm ;

h e igh t o f f ace , 1 .4 cm Winged g en ius. He i s n aked a nd i s w ear ing a sma l l c h ignon o n t he t op o f h is h ead. The r ight l eg i s o u tstretched a nd t he l ef t l eg i s b en t . He i s h o ldi ng t he r e ma ins o f at orch ( ? ) i nh is l ef t h and a nd p oss ibly t he r e ma ins o f a r hy ton i nh is l owered r igh t h and. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . Unpubl ished . 2 76.

I nv . 1 128. D eva . S ta tue t te. Bronze.

F rag men tary .

P la te CXXI I I S ize : t ota l h e igh t 6 .1 cm ; h e igh t

o f f ace 1 .1 cm Winged n aked g en ius w ith l ong h a ir g a thered i n a sma l l c h ignon o n t he t op o fh is h ead . The f orear m a nd t he l ower p ar t o ft he r ight l eg a re b roken o f f . The r ight l eg i s o u tstre tched , t he o ther is c rossed. The l ef t a rm i s l a tera l ly r a ised , t he o ther h angs d own . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te : t he 3 rd c en tury A .D . Unpubl ished. LARES 2 77.

I nv . 1 126. D eva . S ta tuet te. Bronze.

F rag men tary .

P la te CXXI I S ize : t o ta l h e igh t 1 3.8 cm ;

h e ight o f f ace 1 .7 cm L ar a s ac h i ld w i th t he h a ir g a thered i n a sma l l c h ignon o n t he t op o f h is h ead a nd d ressed i n a n a iry t un ica a nd ap a l la wh ich s ee ms t o f l u t ter. The l ef t a rm ( t he h and i s b roken of ) i s r a ised t o h is c h in , t he o ther h angs d own . The r ight f oo t i s m issing. The s ta tuet te b elongs t o t he t ype L ar l u tend is, c o mp i ta l is. Ow ing t o h is s w if t move men t , t he man t le o f L ar s ee ms t o f l u t ter a nd i s i nt he s hape o f ac urved f an a t t he b ack ; t h is i den t ica l d eta il o ccurs o n t wo s ta tuet tes o f D iana ( nos. 2 5, 2 7 ) a lso f ound a t S ar m izegetusa . These s ty l ist ic p ar t icu lar it ies i nd ica te p roduct ion i n t he s ame work shop. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown .

1 22

Da te :

An ton ine p er iod.

C . P op , A . Rusu , Apu lum , XV I , 1 978, p p . 1 85-187 , f ig . 1 . 2 78.

I nv . 1 5821. S ta tuet te.

Deva .

Bronze.

P la te CXX I I I Frag men tary .

S ize :

t o ta l h e ight 8 cm ; h e igh t o f

f ace 0 .6 cm The s ta tue t te b ears s o me t races o fb urn ing.

Lar o f f am il iar is t ype.

The d e ity i s r epresen ted w i th a l ong h a ir a nd a n aked b ust ; t he l ower p ar t o f h is b ody i s d ressed i n ap a l la t urned u p o ver h is wa ist ; av o lu m inous f o ld c overs t he l ef t a rm h o ld ing a c ornucop ia .

The r ight f ore-ar m i s b roken of.

He wears l i ght , h igh b oo ts w i th h igh t ops. Chance f ind. Da te :

An ton ine p er iod.

C . Pop , A . Rusu , Apu lu m , XV I , 1 978, p . 1 87 , f ig . 2 . THANATOS 2 79 .

I nv . 2 79. S ta tue t te.

L ugo j. Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

P la te XLV I 3 3 x1 9 cm

Beard less y oung Thana tos w ith h ead i ncl ined t o t he l ef t ; t he e yes a re s hu t ; t he f i gure o f Thana tos e xpresses a k ind o f p a in . The r ight a rm i s r esti ng o nh is l ef t s houlder a nd t he d e ity i s p robably h o ld ing a t orch i nh is l ef t h and.

The w ings a re r ough ly i nd ica ted o nh is b ack . Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

Fr . S tudn iczka , AE M, V I I I , 1 884 , p . 3 7 ; S e ma t is m , n o. 1 9 ; D . I sac , I . S tra tan , Bana t ica 2 80.

I , 1 973, p p . 1 24-125 , f i g. 9 a -b.

I nv. 3 82.

Deva .

S ta tue t te.

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 2 1.7 cm

Thana tos i s c rouch ing a nd h is l ef t e lbow i s l ean ing o n t orch. l arge w ings a t h is b ack .

Two

The t op o f h is h ead i s m iss ing.

Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. GORGONA- MEDUSA 2 81.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber. Deva . S lab. Marble. Wel l-preserved . S ize :

P la te X LV I I 8 3.7 x 6 2.5 cm

I nt he u pper p ar t t he h ead o f t he Gorgon i n r el ief : n ose , t h ick l i ps , c ur led h a ir.

Be low h er , ag arland ( co l lar ? ).

s een a nd d rawn a t Färcäd in b y A . F odor. Da te :

l arge e yes, f la t tened

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. 1 23

The p iece was

A . F odor , p l . 4 6 , b ; Gh id Deva , p . 4 4;

L . Teposu- Mar inescu ,

MFRDS , n o. 1 0 , c onsiders wrong ly t ha t t he p iece i s f unerary , i nt he s hape o f at runca ted p yra m id w ith c oncave s ides. 2 82.

I nv. V . 2 2920. C lu j-Napoca . S ta tue t te. Marble. F rag men tary .

S ize :

P la te XLV I I t ota l h e igh t 7 .8 cm ;

h eigh t o f f ace 7 cm Typ ica l f i gure o ft he Gorgon . Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana , J uno a nd Hercu les. Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 2 83.

I nv . 1 0010 ( 179 ). Bas-re l ief .

S ar m izegetusa.

Marble.

P la te XLV I I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

5 .4 x 1 3 x4 .2 cm

Typ ica l f i gure o f Medusa ; t he b as-re l ief b elongs t o as cu lp tura l a ss e mblage whose p urpose c anno t b e d e ter m ined. Found i n Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D . C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 934, f i g. 1 0. 2 84.

I nv . 1 467. App l ique.

S ar m izege tusa . H igh r el ief .

P la te C 20 ( IV-C2O ZV

G i lded b ronze.

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

1 5 x1 4.4 x 0 .8 cm Medusa w i th o va l f ace , a l mond-shaped e yes w ith marked p up ils , l ong p o in ted n ose w i th t he n ostr ils s l igh t ly d ila ted , t he mou th h a lf-open , t h ick h a ir w ith l ock s h ang ing f reely .

The w ings a re c arefu l ly o u t l ined a bove t he t e mp les.

Three i ron r ivets wh ich s erved f or a t tach ing t he p iece a re h idden i n t he c ur ls o fh a ir. Found n ear t he n or thern p ar t o f t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

•

D . A l icu , A . Rusu , AMN , X I , 1 974 , p p . 9 5-97 , f i g. 4 ;

A . Rusu , E .

N e me , C . Pop , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p . 1 07-108 , f i g. 1 0. 2 85.

I nv. 4 62. Meda l l ion .

S ar m izegetusa . L ead.

P la te CXXV

F rag men tary .

S ize :

9x 0 .9 cm

Gordon w i th r ound f ace w ith h igh c heekbones , l arge , r ound e yes, f la t tened n ose , t he mou th o pen a nd t he t ongue p ro trud ing. The h a ir i s t w isted i n t h ick l ocks; t he w ings a re c lear ly o u t l ined a bove t he t e mp les. Three s nake h eads a re s hown s che ma t ica l ly o n t he t op o f h er h ead ; o ft he c heekbones. Found i n t he amph i thea tre. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . 1 24

as nake o n e i ther s ide

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 2 1; D . A l icu , A . Rusu , AMN , X I , 1 974, p . 9 4, f i g. 3 -3 a ; A . Rusu , E . N e me , C . Pop , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975, p p. 1 08-109 , f i g. 1 1. 2 86.

I nv . 1 122. Deva . D ecora t ion . Bronze.

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

P la te C 20 (V 1 5.5 x 7 .5 x 4 .4 cm

The h ead o f Medusa o n t he s ide o f al a mp . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . D . A l icu , E . N e me , RLS , p . 8 4, p l . XXXD Z/55. 2 87.

I nv . V . 2 2912. Meda l l ion .

C lu j-Napoca.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV I I

Frag men tary .

Si ze :

4 .2 x 4 .2 cm

Meda l l ion o n ap o t tery v ase r epresen t ing t he u sua l f i gure o f Gorgon . Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana , J uno a nd Hercules. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . IMPER IAL AND MIL ITARY S TATUES IMPER IAL S TATUES 2 88.

I nv . 4 2.

S ar m izege tusa .

S ta tuary f rag men t.

Marble.

P la te X LV I I I Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

1 9 x1 9 x1 1 cm

The r igh t h and o f t he s ta tue h o ld ing a n o rb , t he s ymbo l o f imper ia l p ower , i nt he p a lm . Found i n t he s ou th-western w ing o f t he Aedes Augusta l iu m . U lp ia Tra iana , p . 8 7 ; Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 2 8. 2 89.

I nv. 3 8951.

Bucharest.

Head o f s ta tue.

P la te C 20 (V I

Bronze. We l l-preserved.

S ize :

t ota l h e igh t 2 5 cm

head o f al i fe-size s ta tue o f t he emperor D ecius.

The p iece b ears

n u merous t races o f t he a nc ien t c orrect ions o f c ast ing; t he a r t ist ic manner i s i dea l ist ic.

The f ace i s s trong-boned , t he f orehead i s n arrow a nd w i th

s trong wr ink les, t he a rches o f t he e ye s ockets a re l ess d eve loped , t he n ose i s s tra igh t , d eep wr ink les r ound t he sma l l mou th , moustache a nd s hor t b eard ;

a l l t hese a na to m ica l d eta ils i nd ica te t he ma tur i ty o f t he f i gure.

The

h a ir i s s hor t , i nt he manner o f s o ld iers i n t he m idd le o ft he 3 rd c en tury A . D.

Two r ive ts o n t he t op o ft he h ead s erved p robably t o f i x a n o rna men t

s uch a s ac rown .

I ti s ag enu ine p or tra it o f Dec ius wh ich i s s im ilar t o o ther

a r t ist ic r epresen ta t ion s f ro m e lsewhere i n t he emp ire.

The f ind-spo t o f t he

s ta tuary f rag men t , s i tua ted o utside o f t he wa l ls o f U lp ia Tra iana p robably i nd ica tes t he b ehead ing o ft he s ta tue o n t he o ccas ion o f t he d amna t io me mor iae o f t h is emperor a nd t he t hrow ing o f t he h ead e x tra muros.

1 25

Found by chance extra muros at a distance of about 150 m from the am··-1itheatre in the bottom of the Apa Mica brook, at a depth of 1 m. Date: 249-251. 0. Floca, Latomus, XXIV, 2, B ruxelles, 1965, pp. 353-3 5 8, pl. . -- :O. ·_1oca, Sargetia, VII, 1970, pp. 79-86, figs. 1-2; M. Macrea, nata. i... 'l54; RR, p. 248, G103, pl. 69 (=Civilta, p. 240, G64, pl. Ll); C. Pop. Sargetia, XIII , 1977, fig. 1; idem AMN, XV, 1978, pp. 152-154, no. 22, fo;·. 290.

Plate CXXVII Inv. 1010. Sarmizegetusa. Statuary fragment. Bronze. Size: 21.8 x 12 cm

Strongly fired. The right hand of an imperial statue. The forefinger is is outstretched and the other fingers are clenched in the shape of step. Found in the small courtyard of the Aedes Augustalium. Date: the 2nd-3rd century A.D. Ulpia Traiar..a, p. 93; Ghid Sarmizegetusa, p. 40; 0. Floca, Sarget.�a. VIL 1970, note 8, fig. 4; A. Rusu, E. Neme9, C. Pop, Sargetia, XI-XH, 19 '-1975, pp. 104-105, fig. 4; C. Fon :_�getia, XIII, 1977, p. 545, f; tde�·n, AMN, XV, 1978, p. 155, no. 23, fig. 24. 291.

Plate CXXVII Inv. I. 758 7. Cluj-Napoca. Statuary piece. Bronze. Fragmentary. Size: 15.1 x 8.7 cm

The fore-part of the left hand of a large statue. T e palm is in the shape of a scoop: the fingers are slightly bent,, the fo e-r nger and the middle finger are outstretched. Chance find. Date: the 2nd century A.D. C. Pop, Sargetia, IX, 1972, p. 70, fig. 6; idem, Sargetia, X[II, 1977, p. 545, fig. 3; idem, AMN, XV. 1978, p. 156, no. 24, fig. 2fi 292.

Inv. 1134. Deva. Plate CXXVII Statuary Iragment. Bronze. Size: length 29 cm

Traces of ancient repair. The left hand with a part of the fore-arm belonging to a colossal statue. The thumb and the fore-finger are outstretched, the others are clenched. Found in the temple of Nemesis. Date: the 2nd century A.D. G. Szinte, HTRTE, VIII, 1897, p. �i7, considers he wrongly suppose.:: the fragment as belonging to a statue of the goddess Nemesis. Ghid Deva. p. 36; C. Pop, Sargetia, XIII, 1977, p. f,4.5. fig. 4; --· idem. __ A , X\7. E•:- . p. 156, no. 25, fig. 26. 293. Inv. 100 9. Sarmizegetusa. Plate CXXVII Fragment of statue. Bronze. Size: 27.4 x 9 cm

126

_,1 .

Traces o f a nc ien t r e touch.

Par t o f al i fe-s ize s ta tue :

t he l ef t f oo t o f

af i gure wear ing a p la in s anda l iu m ( so lea ) w ith a f a ir ly t h ick s o le.

The s an-

d a ls a re f astened t o t he l eg b y as hor t v er t ica l s trap p laced b etween t he b ig t oe a nd t he f irst t oe a nd b y t wo o bl ique b ands wh ich j o in t he s o le a t t he h ee l. Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A .D. 0 . F loca , S arge t ia , V I I , 1 970 , n o te 8 , f i g. 4 ; A . Rusu , E . N e me , C . Pop , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 1 05, f i g. 5 ; C . Pop , S arge t ia , 1 977 , p . 5 45, f ig . 5 ; i de m 2 94.

AMN

XV , 1 978 , p p .156-158, n o .26, f ig . 2 7 .

I nv. 4 9 , 7 4 , 4 04 , 4 07-408 , 8 19 .

S ar m izege tusa .

Frag men ts o fg i lded b ronze f ro 1 . 1 t he c ran iu m o f as ta tue. Chance f inds a nd f rom t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p p . 4 0 , 4 • MIL ITARY S TATUES 2 95.

I nv . 2 00. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marb le.

P la te XL IX F rag men tary.

S ize :

h e igh t 1 15 cm

S ta tue p robably r epresen t ing a s o ld ier.

The h ead a nd l egs a re m iss ing.

He i s d ressed i n at un ica wh ich i s d raped a nd k nee-length ;

ap a ludamen tum i s

f astened o nh is r igh t s hou lder w ith a l arge r ound b rooch a nd c overs h is b ack a nd t he u pper p art o f h is b reast.

He i s wear ing a c ingu lu m r ound h is wa ist.

The r igh t a rm i s l owered ; h e i s h o ld ing t he g ar men t w i th h is r ight h and a nd al ong-hand led p ug io w ith t he s trap a cross t he b reast i n h is l ef t h and .

A . F odor

s aw a nd d rew t he p iece a t Pa .cl i p . . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . F odor , p l . 6 2;

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 0 , n o. 1 32;

G h id

Deva , p . 4 6. 2 96.

I nv . 2 181. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble.

P late XLD ( F rag men tary .

S ize :

h e igh t 9 8 cm

The h ead , t he l ef t f ore-ar m a nd t he l egs a re b roken of. t he s ta tue r epresen ts a s o ld ier.

I ts ee ms t ha t

He i s wear ing a l or ica w ith c ircu lar p la tes

a nd a c ingu lu m w i th p teryges r ound h is wa ist.

Ap a luda men tu m i s f astened o n

h is l ef t s hou lder w i th a r ound b rooch a nd c overs t he b reas t a nd p ar t ly t he b ack . The r igh t a rm i s b en t. C ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n ot k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

A . F odor , p l . 4 5; 2 97.

I nv . 5 15. S ta tue.

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 2, n o. 1 55.

L ugo j.

Marb le.

P la te XLD ( F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 27

h e igh t 1 02 cm

S ta tue p erhaps r epresen t ing a s o ld ier. a re l ost.

The h ead , t he a r ms a nd t he l egs

He i s wear ing a t un ica t o t he k nees a nd a s ap-um c over ing h is b ack

a nd s hou lders, wh ich h angs o ver t he l ef t f ore-ar m ( now b roken o f f ).

The g ar-

men t i s f astened o n h is wa ist w ith a w ide c ingu lum w ith a r ound b uck le d ecorat ed w ith a r oset te.

Ab a l teus f astened o n h is r ight s hou lder h o lds a g lad ius

wh ich h angs i n as hea th o n t he l ef t h ip. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

D . I sac, J . S tra tare, Banat ica, 1, 1 973 , p . 1 26-127 , p l . V . 1 1. ANTHROPOMORPHIC AND ZOOMORPHIC REPRESENTATIONS ANTHROPOMORPHIC 2 98.

I nv. 2 03.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te L

Frag men tary .

A ma le f igure , i n p rof ile t o t he l ef t ; c ur led h a ir.

S ize :

1 5.2 x 1 0 x3 .2 cm

h e i s b eard less a nd w ith s hor t

A f rag men t o f f rame s urv ives i n t he u pper p art o f t he p iece.

Found i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 2 99.

I nv. 1 0009.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

Pl a te

Frag men tary.

S ize :

L

1 5.7 x 1 9 x3 .4 cm

The b ust o f af e ma le f i gure i n af ramed n iche;

s he i s n ude , w ith h er

h ead i ncl ined t o h er r ight s hou lder; t he h a ir i s l ong a nd p arted i n t he m idd le. I n t he b ackground , av e la men ( ? ). Found i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, f i g. 1 0. 3 00.

I nv. 1 0011.

S ar m izegetusa.

b as-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te L II I

Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 , . 8 x1 0 x2 .9 cm

Below t he u pper f rame, o n t he r igh t t he h ead o f a ma le f i gure t o t he l ef t ; h e i s b eard less a nd w ith s hor t h a ir. Found i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C . Da icov iciu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, f i g. 1 2. 3 01.

I nv. 2 05.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

Frag men tary.

The u pper p art i s f ra med.

S ize :

1 4.9 x 7 .5 x 3 .5 cm

On t he r ight , af e ma le h ead w ith c urled h a ir.

1 28

F ound i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 3 02.

I nv . 1 0012.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

S ize :

P la te L I 1.8 x 1 2 x 3 cm

An aked h u man b ust ; t he h ead i s p ar t ly l ost ; t he l ef t a rm i s l owered a nd t he r igh t a rm i s r a ised f ro m t he e lbow. F ound i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

2 nd c en tury A .D .

G h id S ar m izegetusa , p . 3 8. 3 03.

I nv . 9 4.

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-rel ie f .

Marble.

F rag men tary.

The r igh t-hand s ide o f ar e l ief .

S ize :

2 0.4 x 7 .9 x 4 .5 cm

The u pper p art i s f ra med a nd s hows

t he b us ts o ft wo p ersons ( w ithou t h eads ) i n d raped g ar men ts w ith a p a l la. F ound i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 04.

I nv . 1 485.

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marb le.

P la te L

F rag men tary.

S ize :

7 x 8 x 4 cm

Ma le b ust , n aked , a nd a pparen t ly c arry ing a n o b ject o r a n i ma l o n h is s hou lders.

Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o

A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 05.

L ost p iece. Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

9x 1 2 cm

F e ma le h ead. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C . Da icov ic iu , Dacia , I , 1 924 , p . 2 56 , f i g. 1 8, n o . 3 , l i ne 1 . 3 06.

I nv. 1 2993.

S ar m izegetusa.

Bas-re l ief .

Marble .

P la te L I

F rag men tary .

The r e l ief i s v ery worn .

Si ze :

1 3 x1 4.6 x 4 .5 cm

Two f i gures a re h o ld ing a l ong. o b ject ( or t he

f o lds o f ag ar men t ) i n t he i h ands. A f rag men t o f t he u pper f rame a nd t he r igh t-hand s ide f ra me a re p reserved. F ound i n t he t e mp le o f L iber Pa ter. 1 29

Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 3 07.

I nv . 2 28.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te L I

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 6.2 x 2 3 x2 .8 cm

The u pper p ar t o f af i gure w ith h is h ead r est ing o n h is r igh t h and wh ich i s r a ised f ro m t he e lbow ; o n t he l ef t , b e low , ar a ised a rm ; t he h and a re s pread ;

t he f i ngers o f

o n t he l ower r ight p ar t af e ma le h ead w i th u np la ited h a ir

i s i ncl ined d ownwards. Found i n t he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 2 7. 3 08.

I nv. 1 0134.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te L I I I

Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 5 x2 3 x 5 cm

F e ma le h ead ; t he h a ir i s g a thered a nd c rowned w i th a d iade m. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 3 09.

I nv . 1 0137.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te L I T

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 3 x2 1.8 x 5 cm

Af rag men t o f f rame h as s urv ived o n t he r ight-hand s ide o f t he r e l ief . The t orso o f af e ma le f i gure i n ad raped t un ica w ith a t r iangu lar f o ld a t t he b reast a nd f astened a t h er wa ist.

Ap a l la i s h ang ing d own f ro m t he l ef t s hou l-

d er a nd t urned u p o ver t he l ef t h and h o ld ing a l ong o b ject , p robably t he h and le o f t orch. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 10.

Withou t i nven tory n umber. Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

Deva .

Frag men tary .

C lose ly s im ilar t o t he p rev ious p iece ;

P la te L I I S ize :

1 3 x1 4.7 x 2 .5 cm

t he s a me p ro to type.

Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished. 3 11.

I nv . 2 06.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble .

P la te L I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

2 0 x1 8.6 x 3 cm

The c en tre o ft he l ef t-hand s ide i s d es troyed .

1 30

Goddess o n t hrone;

s he

i s w ear ing a l ong t un ica a nd a p a l la f astened o nh er l ef t s hou lder a nd o nh er l ef th and ; t he l egs a re p ar t ly c overed b y t he man t le. S he i s h o ld ing a l ong t orch i nh er l ef t h and b etween t he t humb a nd t he f ore-f inger. b order , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads : P oss ib ly P roserp ina .

On t he l ower

[ P : Ir iscus e x i usso /p osu itl( ibens) m(er ito) .

The g ar men t a nd t he p os it ion o f t he f i ngers o f t he l e f t

h and h o ld ing t he t orch a re v ery s im i lar t o t hose e ncoun tered i n t he i conog raphy o f t he p reced ing s cu lp tura l f ragmen ts ( 309, 3 10 ) .

Th is f act s hows

t ha t a l l t hree p ieces were manufactured i n t he s ame workshop a t U lp ia Tra iana a nd c l .awn f ro m t he s a me p ro to type . The c ircu mstances o f f i nd ing a re n o t k nown . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D . S . F err i , ARD , p . 3 44, f i g. 4 60 3 12.

I nv . 2 05.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te L I I Frag men tary .

Si ze :

1 8 x 7x 0 .8 cm

On ly t he l ef t-hand s ide i s p reserved. A s tand ing d e ity i n d raped g armen t a nd man tle i s h o ld ing a nu n iden t if iab le o b ject ( a wh ip ? ) i nh is r a ised r igh t h and .

Be low , p oss ibly a n a l tlr,

C hance f ind . Unpubl ished . 3 13.

I nv . 2 16.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te L I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

On ly t he l ower c en tra l p ar t i s p reserved . b y ad raped g ar men t.

1 5 x7 .6 x 1 .2 cm

The h uman l ers a re c overed

C hance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 14.

I nv. 2 14. D eva. Bas-rel ief . Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

P la te L IV 2 4 x2 2 x 3 cm

The f rag men t o f af ema le f igure, t he l egs m iss ing f ro m t he k nees d own , d ressed i n al ong a nd d raped t un ica f astened a t h er wa ist.

I ts ee ms t ha t s he i s

h o ld ing at hyrsos o r at orch i nh er l ef t h and. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. U npubl ished . 3 15.

I nv . 3 90.

D eva .

Bas-rel ief .

Marb le.

P la te L IV F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 8 x1 3 cm

Torso o f af e ma le f i gure i n ad raped t un ica f astened a t h er wa is t a nd ap a l la c over ing- t he l ef t s hou lder a nd t he l ower p ar t o f h er b ody .

1 31

Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

G . Tdg läs , AE, XX IV , 1 904, p . 1 90. 3 16.

I nv . 3 70.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te L I I I

Marble .

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 1.5 x 1 5 x3 .2 cm

The u pper p ar t o ft he f rame i s p reserved a nd t he r igh t-hand s ide. t he l ef t , t he h ead o f af e ma le d e ity ;

On

t he h a ir i s a rranged w ith a p ar t ing i n t he

c en tre ; t he f i gure i s c rowned w i th a s em i-c ircu lar d iade m a nd h as a v ela men . Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D . Unpubl ished . 3 17.

I nv . 2 12.

Deva .

Bas-re l ief .

P la te L I T

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

3 2 x2 1 x 2 cm

On ly t he l e f t u pper p ar t o f r el ief i s p reserved.

I n ap la in f ra me , b ust

o f d eity w ith s hor t h a ir h o ld ing a n l ong o b jec t , s im ilar t o ac lub o r t orch , i n h is r a ised r igh t h and. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 18.

I nv. 2 32. Deva . Bas-rel ief . Marble.

Frag men tary.

S ize :

The u pper r igh t c orner h as s urv ived.

7 .2 x 1 0.5 x 2 .2 cm

Head o f af i gure w ith l ong h a ir ;

b es ide h im , al ong o b jec t s im i lar t o ac lub o r t orch. The c ircu mäances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished . 3 19.

I nv . 2 17.

D eva .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

The r el ief i s worn . s ide.

P la te LV F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 0 x1 5 x 2 cm

Af rag men t o f f rame i s p reserved o n t he l ef t-hand

Head o f ah u man f i gure w i th c urled h a ir. Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D. Unpubl ished .

3 20 .

Wi thou t i nven tory n umber. Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

Po iana G or j V i l lage .

We l l-preserved.

1 32

S ize :

P la te LV

3 9 x2 1 cm

The r el ief i s v ery worn . men t ; ( ? ).

Ma le f igure d ressed p robab ly i n al ong g ar-

h e i s wear ing a d iade m ( ? ), p erhaps w ith w ings a t h is b ack .

Thana tos

The p iece was t aken f ro m S ar m izegetusa t o t he f or mer v i l la o f Gh.

Tä tärescu n earby . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D. Unpubl ished . 3 21.

I nv . 7 425. S lab.

C lu j-Napoca.

Marble .

P la te LV

Frag men tary .

S ize :

On ly t he l ef t h and h a lf i s p reserved .

2 3 x1 6 x 6 cm An e ar i nt he c en tre o f f ra me.

A bove a nd b e low , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :I •A . T •E I • M [..)

OE). Y [ . ..

Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

H . F inä . ly , ErdM l iz, 1 895 , p . 3 66;

S zo lnokdoboka v är megye monogra-

p h iä ja , I , 1 901, p . 2 16; A . Buday , Do lgClu j , WI , 1 , 1 916, p . 3 5, f ig. 5 ; C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924 , p . 2 32;

A l . L enghe l , C lu ju l med ica l, n os . 5 -

6 , C lu j , ma iiun ie , 1 926, p . 6( ex tras ); I . I . Russu , S tCo m , 1 2 , 1 985, p . 5 5 , f ig. 8 ; I . I . Russu , AMN , V I , 1 969 , p . 1 78. 3 22.

I nv . 7 426. C lu j-Napoca. Bas-re l ief . Marble. Frag men tary.

S ize :

The u pper p ar t o f t he r e l ief h as s urv ived.

P la te LV 9 .5 x 1 4.4 x 1 .5 cm Two e ars s y m me tr ica l ly

a rranged . Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

A l . L enghe l , C lu ju l med ica l , n os. 5 -6 , C lu j , ma iiun ie , p . 8 , f i g6 ( ex tras ). 3 23.

L ost p ieces. Bas-rel iefs w ith a n thropo morph ic r epresen ta t ion .

Marble.

F rag men ts.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, f i g. 1 2, f i g. 1 8 , l ine 1 , n o. 3 , l ine 2 , n o. 1 , l ine 4 n o . 2 . 3 24.

I nv . 1 74.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tuet te.

Marble.

P late I V

Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 1.2 x 1.5 cm

Torso o f ay ou th w i th t wo l ocks o fh a ir h ang ing d own o n h is s hou lder. F ound i n f orum. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 3 , Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 2 8 , i den t if ied a s Apo l lo.

1 33

3 25.

I nv. 1 061 ( 10027 ). Head o f s ta tue.

S ar m izegetusa .

Marble.

P la te LV I

We l l-preserved.

S ize :

t otal h e ight 2 5.5 cm ;

h eigh t o f f ace 1 5 cm Head o f ab eard less y ou th w ith r egu lar f ea tures a nd s hor t h a ir. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 7 1, f i g. p . 6 7 , r ecords t he p iece a s h ead o f f unerary s ta tue. 3 26.

I nv . A . 6 332 . Mask .

S ib iu

Marble.

Frag men tary .

P la te CLXV I I S ize : 3 5 x2 0 x1 .5 cm .

Mask o f a ma le f i gure w ith b eard ( Marcus Aure l ius ? ). Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 27.

L ost p iece. Head o f s ta tue.

Marble. Frag men tary .

S ize :

1 2.5 x 9 .5 cm.

Fe ma le f i gure ; t he h a ir i s waved a nd g a thered a t t he t e mp les.

Her

r igh t h and i s r a ised t owards t he h ead . Chance f ind . Da te :

Co l lec t ion M. L i tsek .

t he 2 nd-3rd c entury A .D .

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, p . 2 56 , f i g. 1 8. 3 28.

I nv . 4 60.

S ar m izegetusa .

Head o f s ta tuet te.

Marble.

P la te LV I Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h e ight 7 .5 cm ;

h eigh t o ff ace 4 .5 cm Ab eard less y ou th w ith h a ir a rranged i n t he s hape o f ac ap , whose b order i s d eep ly i nc ised. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 5 0. 3 29.

I nv . 3 98.

Deva .

Head o f s ta tuet te.

P la te CXLD ( Marble. Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 5 cm ;

h e ight o f f ace 4 .2 cm Head o f a ma le d e ity w ith b eard a nd l ong h a ir. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpub l ished .

1 34

J up iter ( ? ).

3 30.

I nv. 9 57.

Deva .

S ta tuary g roup .

Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize : h e igh t 2 2 cm

Ab earded ma le f igure ; h e i s c rouch ing a nd h is h ead i s t urned t o t he r igh t w i th t he f ace u p .

H is g ar men t i s h ard ly d ist ingu ishable ; he i s wear ing a

ac ap ; t he l e f t h and i s r est ing o nh is r ight s hou lder ; t he r igh t a rm i s a t t he c hest.

The l ower p ar t o fh is l egs a re missing. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 31.

I nv. 1 377. S ta tuet te.

S ar m izegetusa . Marble.

P la te LV I I

Frag men tary .

S ize : h e ight 1 2 cm ; w id th 1 0.8 cm

Torso o f af igure d ressed i n t wo g ar men ts; o ne o f t he m i s l ong a nd d raped a nd t he o ther r o l led a nd s l ipped r oung t he r ight h and .

The r igh t h and

( da maged ) i s r est ing o nh is c hest. F ound i nt he t e mp le o f N e mes is. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p p . 2 2-23. 3 32.

I nv . 3 83.

Deva .

S ta tuet te.

Marble.

P la te LV I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 4.5 x 1 5 cm

Torso o f ay oung ma le f i gure c overed w ith a r ebrvs.

At ress o f h a ir

o nh is l ef t s hou lder. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

G h id Deva , p . 3 5, i den t if ies t he f i gure w i th Her mes. 3 33.

I nv . 3 91.

Deva .

S ta tuet te.

Marble.

P la te LV I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 1.6 x 4 .5 cm

S ta tue t te w i thou t h ead r epresen t ing a f e ma le f i gure i n l ong a nd d raped c h i ton a nd a h i ma t ion t urned u p r ound t he l ef t a r m. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 34.

I nv. 3 89.

D eva .

S ta tue tte.

Marble.

F rag men tary .

S ize : h e ight 2 1 cm

The b ody o f ay ou th; t he h ead , t he l ower p ar t o fb ody a nd t he r ight l eg a re m iss ing. Chance f ind.

1 35

Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. Unpubl ished. 3 35.

I nv . 2 190. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble.

P la te LV I I I Restored .

S ize :

h e ight 1 54 cm

A Ro man ma tron , who b e longs t o t he " grande Erco lanense" t ype , d ressed i n t wo g ar men ts :

as to la wh ich r eaches t o t he g round ( t he t ips o f t he

f ee t c an b e d ist ingu ished , c overed b y ap a l la f l ow ing d own t he h ead , t he s hou ld ers , a nd t he b ack a nd c ross ing i n f ron t o n t he b reast a nd t he r ight a r m.

The

r ight h and i s h o ld ing t wo e nds o f t he man t le i n t he s hape o f al e t ter V , a nd t he t h ird i s f l ow ing d own a long t he b ody a nd i s t urned r ound t he l ef t a rm. i s wear ing e ar-r ings a nd a c o l lar w ith b eads.

S he

The a ppearance o f w ear ing a

w ig a nd t he c h ignon r ese mble t he c o if fure o ft he p er iod o f J u l ia Do mna . Chance f ind. Da te :

F or merly a t Pi d cl i a .

f i rs t h a l f o f t he 3 rd c an tury A .D.

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 0 , n o. 1 30 ;

ek ler , MKE, I V, 1 910 A . H

i g. 3 89 ; RR , p . 2 44, p . 1 9 , n o. 5 1, f i g. 8 ; S . Ferr i , ARD , p p . 2 96-297 , f arge t ia , I X , 1 972, p p . L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S

G 83 ( =Civ il tä ), p . 2 37 , G 47 ); 5 7-62 , n o. I , 7 , p l . I I , 1 . 3 36.

I nv. 2 191. Deva . S ta tue. Marble. F rag men tary .

S ize :

P la te LV I I I h e ight 1 20 cm

Head less s ta tue o f wo man s im i lar t o t he p rev ious p iece a nd o f t he s a me t ype ( 335 ). Chance f ind . Da te :

f i rst h a l f o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arget ia , D ( , 1 972 , p . 5 6 , n o. I , 1 , p l . I , 1 . 3 37.

I nv . 2 197.

Deva .

S ta tue , Marble.

P la te LV I I I F rag men tary.

S ize 9 1 cm

Head less s ta tue o f wo man o f t he s a me t ype. Chance f ind . Da te :

f i rst h a lf o ft he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arget ia , I X , 1 972, p . 5 6 , n o . I , 2 , p l . I , 2 . 3 38.

I nv. 2 184. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble.

P la te LD ‹ F rag men tary .

S ize : h e ight 1 48 cm

Head less s ta tue o f wo man " grande Erco lanese" t ype. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

s econd h a l f o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

S . F err i , ARD , p p . 2 96-297 , f i g. 3 99 ;

L . Teposu- Mar inescu ,

S arge t ia , I X , 1 972, p p. 5 6-57 , n o. I , 3 , p l. I , 3 . 1 36

3 39.

I nv. 2 193. S ta tue.

D eva .

Marble.

P la te LD Z Frag mentary .

S ize :

h e ight 8 7 cm

Head less s ta tue o f aw o man s im i lar t o t he p reced ing p iece. Chance f ind. Da te :

s econd h a lf o ft he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arge t ia , I X , 1 972, p . 5 7 , n o . I , 4 , p l . I , 1 . 3 40.

I nv . 2 192. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marb le.

P la te L IX F rag men tary .

S ize : h e igh t 1 52 cm

Head less s ta tue o f woman i den t ica l t o t he p reced ing p iece. Chance f ind . Da te : S .

f irst h a l f o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D.

F err i , ARD , p p . 2 96-297 , f i g. 3 99

L .

r igh t ;

T ep o su -

Mar inescu , S arget ia , I X , 1 972, p . 5 7 , n o . I , 5 , p l . I , 2 . 3 41.

I nv . 2 177. S ta tue.

D eva .

Marble.

P la te LX F rag men tary .

h ead less s ta tue o f w o man ;

S ize : h e igh t 1 14 cm

s im ilar t o t he p reced ing p iece.

The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n ot k nown . Da te :

f irst h a lf o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

A . F odor , p l . 4 4;

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arge t ia , E X , 1 972,

P .

5 7 ,

n o. I , 6 , p l . I , 3 . 3 42.

I nv . 2 194. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble.

P la te LX F rag men tary .

S ize :

On ly t he l ower p ar t h as s urv ived .

h e ight 8 0 cm

" grande Erco lanese" t ype.

Chance f ind . Da te :

f irst h a l f o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

L . Teposu- Mar inescu , S arge t ia , I X , 1 972, p . 6 2, n o . I , 8 , p l. I I , 2 . 3 43.

I nv . 1 0003.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tue. Marble.

P la te LX

Frag men tary .

S ize :

h e ight 1 40 cm

Head less s ta tue o f wo man o f t he s a me t ype. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 44.

I nv . 1 0001. S ta tue.

S ar m izegetu .sa.

Marble.

P la te LX I

F rag men tary .

1 37

S ize :

h e igh t 1 45 cm

Head less s ta tue o f wo man o f " grande Erco lanese" t ype.

S he i s w ear-

i ng a n eck lace. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished . 3 45.

Withou t i nven tory n umber. S La tue. Marble.

Arad.

Frag men tary .

S ize : h e igh t 1 35 cm

S ta tue o f wo man ( w ithou t h ead ) o f " pa l l ia ta" t ype ; s he i s w ear ing t wo g ar men ts : as to la d own t o t he g round a nd a p a l la wh ich c overs t he b ody ; a nd e nd o f t he p a l la i s a t h er b ack , t he o ther i s f l ow ing d own a long t he b ody .

The

r igh t h and i s a t h er b reast a nd t he l ef t h and i s h ang ing d own . Chance f ind . Da te : L .

3 46.

f i rst h a l f o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

T ep o su-Ma r in e scu ,

I nv . 1 0002. S ta tue.

S arge t ia , I X , 1 972, p p . 6 3-64 , n o. I , 1 , p l .

S ar m izegetusa .

P la te LX I

Marble. F rag men tary .

S ize : h e igh t 1 45 cm

Head less s tatue o f a wo man o ft hesame t ype. Chance f ind.

I t was i n t he g arden o f t he h ouse o f M. L itsek i n t he

l oca l ity . o fS ar m izegetusa . R . Münsterberg , J . Oeh ler , JOAI, V , 1 902;

B . J gnö , AE,

1 912, p . 5 2; C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924 , p . 2 54 , n o. 9 , f i g. 1 7 ; S ar m izege tusa , p . 1 5, f i g. a nd 3 47.

I nv . 1 235.

P .

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tue. Marb le.

Gh id

1 4. P la te LX I

Frag men tary .

S ta tue o f wo man ( w ithou t h ead );

S ize : h e igh t 1 21 cm s im i lar t o t he p reced ing p iece.

Chance f ind . Da te :

f i rst h a l f o f t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 6 9. 3 48.

I nv . 2 178. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble.

P la te LX I I F rag men tary .

S ize : h e ight 1 01 cm

The l ower p ar t o f as ta tue o f " Pud ic i t ia" t ype ; g ar men ts ( s to la a nd p a l la ).

s he i s wear ing t wo

I n f ron t , a mass ive f o ld o f man t le.

The a r ms

a re a rranged i n t he s hape o f ar ight a ngle ; t he l ef t h and g a thers t he man t le a t h er wa ist a nd t he r ight a rm i s b en t a t h er b reast ; t he r ight e lbow i s r esti ng o n t he l ef t f i st a nd t he r ight h and i s a t h er c h in . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown .

1 38

Da te :

s econd h a lf o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

L . Teposu- Mar inescu, S arge t ia , I X , 1 972, 3 49.

I nv . 1 99. S ta tue.

P .

6 4 , n o . I I , 1 , p l . I V , 2 .

D eva .

Marble.

P late LX I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

10 cm

Head less s ta tue o f a woman o f " Core d e l Va t icano" t ype , c haracter ized b y ap ar t icu lar a rrange men t o f f o lds. h er back a nd b reast , a nd a l arge

The s to la i s l ong a nd t he p a l la c overs

s tr ip f l ows d own h er r igh t s hou lder t o t he

k nee a f ter i tt urned r ound t he l e f t a r m. Chance f ind . A . Hek ler , M KE, I V , 1 910 , p p . 1 9-20 , n o . 5 2 , f i g . 9 ;

L . T eposu•

Mar inescu , S arge t ia , I X , 1 972 , p p . 6 4-65 , n o. I V , 1 , p l . I V , 3 . 3 50.

I nv . 3 588. S ta tue.

D eva .

Marble.

P la te LX I I F rag men tary .

S ize :

h e ight 1 51.5 cm

Head less ma le s ta tue i n at oga . He i s d ressed i n at un ica d own t o t he g round , t he e nds o f t he f eet b e ing d ist ingu ishable. A t oga c overs h is l ef t s hou ld er , r o l led l ike a w ide g ird le r ound h is wa ist a nd c over ing t he u pper p ar t o f h is b ody .

An e nd o f t he t oga i s p laced i n t he r o l l a t h is b ust , t he o ther i s r o l-

l ed r ound t he l ef t f ore-ar m whose h and i s h o ld ing a v o lumen . l et ters D M

On t he b ase , t he

( ? ).

S een a nd d rawn b y A . F odor a t Za m. Da te :

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C IL , I I , 1 542; J .Se iver t , I n scrDac Med , p . 2 84; A . Fodor , p l . 6 8 , e ; J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 0 , n o. 1 26. 3 51.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber. S ta tue ,

Marb le.

D eva.

F rag men tary .

Head less ma le s ta tue ;

P la te LX I I I

S ize :

h e ight 8 5 cm.

s im ilar t o t he p reced ing p iece.

Chance f ind . Da te :

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury-the b eg inn ing o f t he 3 rd c en tury A . D.

A . F odor , p l . 1 5 b . 3 52.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber . S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble .F rag men tary .

P la te LX I I I S ize :

h e ight 1 30 cm

S ize :

1 02 cm

Head less s ta tue o f man i n t oga. Chance f ind. Da te :

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 53.

Withou t i nven tory n umber. S ta tue. M a rb le.

D eva .

F rag men tary .

1 39

LX I I I

Head less s ta tue o f man o f t he s a me t ype. Chance f ind . Da te :

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpub l ished . 3 54.

Withou t i nven tory n umber. Deva . S ta tue. Marble. F rag men tary . S ize : Head less s ta tue o f man i n t oga . Da te :

S een a nd d rawn b y A . F odor a t Brän ijca.

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

A . F odor , p l . 1 0 c ; S . F err i , ARD , 3 55.

P la te LX IV h e igh t 1 21 cm

Withou t i nven tory n u mber. S ta tue.

Marble.

P .

3 02 , f i g. 3 98.

Deva .

F rag men tary .

S ize :

P la te LX IV h e ight 9 7 cm

Head less s ta tue o f man i n t oga , . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

S . Ferr i. 3 56.

ARD ,

P .

3 02 , f i g. 4 00.

Wi thou t i nven tory n umber. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble. F rag men tary .

S ize :

P la te LX IV h e igh t 1 02 cm

Head less s ta tue o f man s im i lar t o t he p reced ing p iece. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 2, n o. 1 54. 3 57.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber . S ta tue.

Marb le.

D eva .

F rag men tary .

P la te LXV

S ize : h e igh t 7 9 cm

Head less s ta tue o f man i den t ica l w i th t he p reced ing- p iece. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 58.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber. S ta tue. Marble.

D eva.

Frag men tary.

P la te LXV

S ize : h e ight 7 9 cm

Head less marble s tatue o f man i n t oga . Da te : t he 3 rd c en tury A .D . Unpubl ished .

1 40

3 59.

Wi thou t i nven tory n umber. S ta tue.

Marble.

D eva .

F rag men tary.

P la te LXV

S ize : h e ight 8 0 cm

Ma le f i gure , t he l egs b roken o f f , i n t un ica man ica ta t o t he k nee a nd a p a l l iu m f astened a t h is r ight s hou lder w ith a l arge r ound b rooch.

The r ight

h and i s o nh is c hest a nd t he o ther i s l owered a nd h o lds a v o lu men ( ? ). Chance f ind. For mer ly a t Färcäd in . Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A .D .

J . F . N e igebaur , Dac ien , p . 4 1-42, n o. 1 53. 3 60.

Wi thou t i nven tory n umber. S ta tue.

M a rble.

Deva .

P la te LXV I

F rag men tary.

S ize : h e ight 1 40 cm

Head less f e ma le f i gure i n al ong g ar men t r each ing t o t he g round ; t he e nds o f t he f ee t a re d ist ingu ishable. e d.

The l ef t s hou lder a nd b reast a re u ncover-

The l e f t h and i s r est ing o n a n a l tar ( ? ) b ear ing t he f o l low ing i nscr ip t ion :

C la (ud ius ) /

S a tu

r n in (us ) /s culp/s it .

Chance f ind . Da te : C IL AMN

e nd o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D. I I , 1 413;

C . Tor ma , Archia lz1 , I , 1 863 ,

I , 1 964, p . 1 84; M. Macrea , V i ga

P .

1 41;

I . I . Russu ,

p . , 3 55; Gh id Deva , p . 4 4; D .

A l icu , C . Pop , V . Cä täna§ , AMN , X II I , 1 976 , p . 1 33, f i g. 1 2-13. 3 61.

I nv . 8 31. S ta tue.

S ar m izegetusa .

Marble.

P la te LXV I I

F rag men tary .

S ize : h e ight 2 8 cm

The l ower p ar t o f af i gure d ressed i n t wo d raped g ar men ts. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 8 7 ; Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p . 6 1. 3 62.

I nv . 2 179. S ta tue.

Deva .

Marble.

P la te LXV I I F rag men tary .

S ize : h e ight 10 cm

A f e ma le f i gure o n ar ectangu lar b ase.

The h ead a nd a r ms a re m iss ing.

S he i s d ressed i n ad raped p ep los r each ing d own t o t he g round , f astened b elow h er b reast w ith a g ird le a nd t urned u p o n t he t h ighs.

I n f ron t , al arge f o ld .

The d rapery c ons ists o f p ara l lel a nd o bl ique l ines i n t he u pper p art o f g ar men t a nd i s i n t he s hape o f s ca les i n t he l ower p ar t. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

S . F err i. 3 63.

I nv . 2 180. S ta tue.

ARD , p . 3 44, f i g. 4 61. Deva .

M a rble.

P la te LXV I I F rag men tary . S ize : h e ight 1 25 cm

1 41

Head less f e ma le f i gure o n ac ircu lar b ase;

s im ilar t o t he p reced ing

p iece ( 362 ). Chance f ind. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D . S . Ferr i , ARD , p . 3 44, f i g. 4 62. 3 64.

I nv . 9 06. S ar m izege tusa . 1 -2 ag men t o f s ta tue. Marble .

S ize :

l eng th 2 3 cm

The f ore-ar m o f s ta tue. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 65.

I nv . 2 305.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tuary f rag men t.

Marble.

S ize :

8 .7 x 4 .5 cm

The r igh t h and o f af i gure h o ld ing a n u n iden t if iable o b jec t i nh is h and . Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana , J uno a nd Hercules. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 66.

I nv . V . 2 2972. C lu j-Napoca . S ta tuary f rag men t. Marble. S ize :

1 0.5 x 5 .7 cm

The l ef th and o f as ta tue h o ld ing a n u n iden t if iable o b ject. F ound i n t he t e mp le o f S i lvanus. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished . 3 67.

I nv . 1 2994.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f s ta tue t te.

Marb le.

S ize :

6 x 5 cm

Ah u man f oot b es ide t he r e ma ins o f as cu lp ture o n t he l ef t-hand s ide o f ar ectangu lar b ase. F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o L iber Pa ter. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished . 3 68.

I nv. 3 8 , 4 0 , 4 6-48, 5 1-52, 5 8-59 , 6 1-63, 6 5 , 9 64 , S ar m izegetusa . S ta tuary f rag men ts.

Marb le.

F ound i n t he A edes Augusta l iu m a nd c hance f inds. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p . 3 7. 1 42

3 69.

I nv. 8 90.

S ar m izegetusa .

P la te CXXV I I I

S ta tue t te.

Bronze. Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h e ight 1 1.4 cm ;

h e igh t o ff ace 1 .2 cm Ro man s o ld ier i n ad yna m ic a t t itude s uggest ing t he c l i mb ing o f a n a ssau l t l adder.

He i s wear ing a p la in h el met w ith e ard g uards , at un ica

s agum a nd c a lce i; t races o f ac ingu lu m r ound h is wa ist.

a

He i s h o ld ing t he

s hea th o f aP lad ius h ang ing f ro m a g ird le a cross t he c hest i nh is r igh t h and . The p os i t ion o f t he l ef t a rm a nd l egs s uggest c l i mb ing. Chance f ind . Da te :

S ever ian d ynasty .

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 4 7 , f i g. p . 5 0 ; A . Rusu , E , N e me , C . Pop , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p . 1 03-104 , f i g. 3 -3b. 3 70.

I nv . 175.

D eva .

S ta tue t te.

P la te C 2 aV I I I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

t o ta l h e igh t 8 .5 cm ; h eigh t o f f ace

1 .5 cm An aked a thle te i n mo t ion ; t he r ight a rm i s a t t he l evel o f h is h ip a nd t he m iss ing l ef t a r m was s tre tched o u t b ackwards. Th is f i gure o f a n e ph .ebe t urns h is h ead a nd l ooks o ver t he l ef t s hou lder. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

RR , p . 2 47 , G98

p . 2 40 , G61 ); C . Pop , S arget ia , I X , 1 972,

p . 7 0 , f i g. 7 ; Gh id Deva , f i g. 5 1. 3 71.

I nv . 1 131. S ta tue tte.

D eva .

P la te C 2 aD (

Bronze. F rag men tary .

S ize :

t o ta l h e ight 7 .6 cm ; h e igh t

o f f ace 1 cm An ude y ou th , b eard less , w ith h igh c o iffure o r w ith ah el me t w i th a t t ica , h o ld ing a n u n iden t if iab le o b jec t ( s tr ig il ? ) , h is r igh t h and r a ised t o h is h ead ; t he p a lm o f t he o ther h and ( wh ich i s i n f ron t ) i s b roken of.

The r igh t

l eg i s o u tstre tched , t he l ef t l eg i s b en t t owards t he o ther. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

A . Hek ler , M ICE , I V, 1 910, p . 2 1, n o . 5 7 . 3 72.

I nv . 133.

D eva .

P la te C 2O ZD Z

S ta tuet te. G i lded b ron ze. h e ight o ff ace 3 cm

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

t ota l h e igh t 7 .4 cm ;

The b ust o f ay ou th , b eard less a nd w ith l ong h a ir h ang ing d own o nh is s hou lders. He i s wear ing a c ap ( p ilos) . Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . A . Hek ler ,

M K,

I V , 1 910 , p . 2 1, n o . 5 6, c ons idered D ioscur , 1 43

3 73.

I nv . 1 143. Mask .

Deva .

Bronze.

P la te CXXX

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

t o ta l h eight 1 5.6 cm ; h e igh t

o f f ace 3 .2 cm The f i gure o f ap lu mp c h ild whose h a ir i s i n r ing lets. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 3 74.

I nv. 3 8952. S ta tuette.

Bucharest.

Bronze.

Ap lu mp n aked c h i ld .

P la te CN :X l2 (

F rag men tary .

S ize :

5 0 x1 9 cm

The w e ight o f t he b ody i s r est ing o n t he l e f t l eg ;

t he r igh t l eg i s s l ight ly s ideways.

A l though t he a r ms a nd mos t o f t he b ody a re

missing , t he r e ma ins i nd ica te t he ir p os it ion s :

t he r ight a r m was o u tstretched ,

t he l ef t a r m was l owered. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

A . He lder , MKE, I V, 1 910, p p . 2 0-21, n o . 5 5 , s upposed t o r epresen t t he c h i ld Dyon isus ; XLD ( ) ; 3 75.

RR , p . 2 47 , G 97 , p l . 6( =C iv i ltä , p p . 2 39-240 , G 60 , P l .

C . P op , S arge t ia , I X , 1 972 , I nv . 4 16. Hand le.

P .

7 1, f i g . 8 .

The p iece h as d isappeared f ro m S ar m izegetusa Museu m . P la te CXXX Bronze.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

l ength 5 .8 cm

Ab eard less h u man mask o f Phoen ician t ype; t he c o if fure c ons ists o f l ong c ur ls c o mbed i n t hree r ows o f p la i ts, t he w isps o f h a ir s uggested b y o bl ique i nc is ions , h ang ing d own t o t he e ars. o f ar ibbed c a lo t te.

He i s w ear ing a c ap i n t he s hape

The p iece i s t he h and le o f av ase o r o ther d o mest ic o b ject ,

o r i t may h ave b elonged t o al amp d ecora ted w i th a t hea tr ica l mask . Found i n t he f oru m . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p . 2 9 , f i g p . 3 0 ;

A . Rusu , E . N e me , C . Pop ,

S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 1 09 , f i g. 1 2. 3 76.

Wi thou t i nven tory n u mber. Hand le.

L ost p iece.

Bronze. Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

P la te CXIAX h e igh t 1 5 cm

The f igur ine r epresen ts a g lad ia tor i n a wa i t ing p ose, o n ac y l indr ica l b ase.

He i s w ear ing g a lea e a nd a s ubl iagacu lum i s f as tened a t h is wa ist b y a

g ird le.

He i s h o ld ing a c urved d agger ( s ica ) i n h is r ight h and p ro tec ted b y a

g uard i n t he s hape o f a n a nnu lar s leeve. ah igh r ounded s h ield .

The l ef t a rm a nd l eg a re c overed b y

The p iece was u sed a s t he h and le o f ad agger o r o f a

m irror. Found a t Z e ican i.

1 44

Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

0 . F loca , S arge t ia , X , 1 973 , p p. 1 31-136, f i g. 1 -2;

C . P op , AMN ,

X IV , 1 977 , p p . 1 24-125 , f i g. 1 0. 3 77.

I nv. 4 53. S ar m izege tusa . S ta tuary f rag men t. B r onze.

S ize :

l ength :

3 .4 cm

The l i t t le f inger o f as ta tuet te. F ound i n t he A edes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished. 3 78.

I nv . V . 2 2965. S tud .

S ilver.

C lu j-Napoca .

P la te CXXX

We l l-preserved.

S ize :

d ia me ter 2 cm

Hu man h ead , p oss ibly a c opy o f t he o bverse o f aRo man d enar ius. Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp les o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

Unpubl ished. 3 79.

I nv . 9 05.

S ar m izegetusa .

S ta tue t te.

Terracot ta .

F rag men tary .

S ize :

h e ight 6 .1 cm

The u pper p ar t o f t he h ead o f a ma le f i gure. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p . 5 0. 3 80.

I nv . 8 35. S ar m izegetusa . S ta tuary f rag men t. Terracot ta.

S ize :

Ex v o to i nt he s hape o f f ore-ar m

P la te CXXXV I I I l eng th 2 3.2 cm

The f i ngers a re b roken of.

Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

G h id S ar m izegetusa , p . 5 0. 3 81.

I nv . 2 851.

S ar m izegetusa

S ta tuary f rag men t.

Terracot ta .

S ize : l ength 8 .5 cm

The f oref inger o f as ta tue. F ound i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o ft e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ieia . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished .

1 45

3 82.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber.

The p iece h as d isappeared f ro m t he

S ar m izegetusa Museu m . Hand le.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV I I

Wel l-preserved .

A ma le f igure w i th b eard ; t he b ust i s n ude.

He i s h o ld ing a l ong o b ject

( s ta f f , s pear? ) i n h is l e f t h and a nd a p a tera ( ? ) i n h is r ight h and . The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

. 5 6. Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p 3 83.

I nv . 5 491.

S ar m izege tusa .

Wa l l o f v ase.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV I I I F rag men tary .

S ize : 4 .7 x 3 .5 cm

The p oster ior o f an ude f igure. F ound i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 3 84.

I nv. V . 2 2937. S ta tuet te.

C lu j-Napoca .

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXV I I I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

6x 5 .6 cm

The l ef t h and o n t he h ip o f af e ma le f i gure. F ound i n t he e nc losure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te : t he 2 nd c entury A .D . Unpubl ished . 3 85.

I nv . 4 53.

D eva .

P la te CXXXV I I

F rag men t o f v ase ( ? ). Gro tesque h ead.

Po t tery .

S ize :

1 3.1 x 7 .1 cm

On t he l ower p ar t , ap lan t d ecora t ion ( leaves ).

Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 3 86.

I nv . 167. D isc.

S ar m izegetusa .

G lass.

P la te CXL I I

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

d ia me ter 3 cm

Probably t he c opy o f t he o bverse o f a Ro man d enar ius r epresen t ing t he h ead o f a n emperor. F ound i n t he amph i thea tre. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D.

Gh id S ar m izege tusa , p . 2 1.

1 46

ZOOMORPHIC REPRESENTAT IONS 3 87 .

I nv . 1 425.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te LXV I I I

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

1 4 x2 5 x4 .2 cm

The s cene i s e nclosed b y ap la in f ra me , w ider i n t he l ower p art o f t he p iece.

I n t he c en tre , ad og r unn ing t o t he r igh t.

On t he l ef t , af igure w ith

h a ir c overed p oss ibly w ith a v e il a nd w ith h ands o u tstre tched o ver a n a l tar ( ? ). On t he l ower b ase , t he i nscr ip t ion r eads :

Euhe mer (us ) p ro s a lute ; )

An ton in i /f i l l s u i . F ound o n t he h il l o f S ele i. Da te :

a f ter t he m idd le o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

M. Bärbu lescu , E . N e me , Apu lu m , X I I , 1 974 , p p . 5 87-591, f i g. 1 a -b. 3 88.

I nv . 1 93.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-re l ief .

Marble.

P la te LXV I I I

F rag men tary.

S ize :

9 .6 x 1 5 x2 .7 cm

Head o f g r i f f in t o t he l e f t. F ound i n t he A edes Augusta l iu m. C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924, f i g. 9 ; Gh ld S ar m izegetusa , p . 3 8. 3 89.

I nv . 1 0013 ( 166 ). Bas-re l ief .

S ar m izegetusa.

Marble.

P la te LXV I I I

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 2 x2 4.4 x 3 .5 cm

S ize :

1 9 x4 1 x 5 cm

Head o f l i on t o t he l ef t . Found i n t he A edes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924 , f i g. 9 . 3 90.

I nv . 3 00.

S ar m izegetusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

F rag men tary .

Head a nd f ore legs o f h orse mov ing t o t he l ef t.

P lan t p a t terns.

F ound i n t he A edes Augusta l iu m . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 91.

I nv. 1 92.

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te LXIX

F rag men tary.

S ize :

2 0 x1 2.2 x 3 .5 cm

The b el ly a nd t he l egs o n a n a n i ma l r unn ing t o t he r igh t. F ound i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C . Da icov ic iu , Dac ia , I , 1 924 , f i g. 9 .

1 47

3 92.

I nv . 1 2995.

S ar m izege tusa .

Bas-rel ief .

Marble.

P la te LXIX

Frag men tary .

The l ef t l ower p ar t i s p reserved.

S ize :

2 0.5 x 1 1.3 x 3 cm

An i ma l mov ing t o t he r ight.

Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 93.

I nv. 7 863.

S ar m izege tusa .

S ta tuary f rag men t.

Marble.

P la te LXIX S ize :

l ength 9 cm

Head a nd a p ar t o f t he b ody o f s nake. F ound i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana , J uno a nd Hercu les. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 3 91.

I nv . 4 15.

D eva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te LX IX

Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

The l ef t c en tra l p ar t o f r e l ief i s p reserved. aw ide f rame w ith t hree d eep f lu t ings.

2 0 x1 6 x 3 cm The s cene is e nclosed b y

Ah are t o t he r igh t a nd b es ide

h im c lusters o f g rapes. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 95.

I nv . 4 16.

Deva .

Bas-rel ief .

P la te LXIX

Marble.

Frag men tary .

S ize :

2 5 x2 1 x2 .5 cm

The u pper l ef t p ar t o f t he r el ief h as s urv ived. b y aw ide f ra me w ith t hree d eep f lu t ings.

The s cene i s e nclosed

Ab ird t o t he r igh t s tand ing o n a

s ta lk w ith t wo c lusters o f g rapes a nd h o ld ing ab erry i n i t s b eak . t he f rag men t b elongs t o t he p reced ing p iece ( 394 ). Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 3 96.

I nv . 4 02.

Deva.

S ta tuary f rag men t.

Marble.

S ize :

l eng th 1 5 cm

The h ead a nd t he l ong n eck o f p an ther. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished.

1 48

The mou th i s o pen .

Poss ibly

3 97.

I nv . 2 080. S ar m izegetusa S ta tuary f rag men t . Bronze.

S ize :

P la te CXXX I 2 .6 x 1 6.9 cm

A w ing b ear ing t races o f r etouch ing.

The u pper p ar t i s m iss ing.

Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

0 . F loca , S arget ia , V I I , 1 970 , n o te 8 , f i g. 4 ; A . Rusu , E . N e mes , 3

C . Pop , S arget ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p p. 1 05-106 , f i g. 6 . 3 98.

I nv . 2 044.

S ar m izegetusa .

Decora t ion .

P la te CXXX I

Bronze. Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

1 2.5 x 1 0.7 cm

Decora t ion p robably b elong ing t o ac arr iage; h ead o f a n a n telope o f t he s pec ies H ippotrag-u s e qu inu s. Found i n t he a rea o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

m idd le o f t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

C . Pop , E . N e mel, AMN 3 99.

I nv. V . 2 2924. S uppor t ( ? ).

X I I , 1 975 , p p. 1 78-182 , f i g. 1 -1 d .

S ar m izege tusa .

Bronze.

Wel l-preserved.

S ize :

l ength 2 .2.c m

The p robable s uppor t r epresen ts t he p aw o f al i on . Found i n S cho la g lad ia toru m. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished. 4 00.

I nv . 1 142.

Deva .

P la te C 20 ( .X I I

Ornamen ta l p iece.

Bronze.

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

1 2 x1 0 cm

I t s ee ms t ha t t he p iece i s af urn i ture d ecora t ion a nd r epresen ts a g r if f in . Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D. RR, p . 2 72, G 207 p . 2 59 , G 159 ); 1 972, p . 7 1, f i g. 9 ; Gh id Deva , f i g. 5 4. 4 01.

I nv . 1 140-1141.

C . P op , S arge t ia , I X ,

D eva .

L egs o f f urn i ture. a nd 2 5.6 cm

Bronze.

P la te C )CXX I I I We l l-preserved .

L egs o f f urn i ture i n t he s hape o f l egs o f g oa ts. Chance f inds. Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A .D . Unpubl ished .

1 49

S ize :

l engths 2 5 cm

4 02.

I nv . 1 138. K ey .

Deva .

P la te CXXX I I I

Bronze a nd i ron .

We l l-preserved.

S ize :

1 0.1 cm

K ey d ecora ted w ith t he f ore-par t o f ap an ther w ith r a ised p aws. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . 4 03.

I nv . 1 136.

Deva .

P la te CXXXI I I

Drop-hand le o f v essel .

Bronze.

We l l-preserved.

S ize :

l ength 2 1.1 cm

Two g ro tesque a n i ma ls w i th h eads o f p an thers a nd b od ies o ff i shes a rr anged f ace t o f ace a nd h o ld ing a g ro tesque mask o f ah orned b eard less f i gure i n t he ir f ore-paws. Chance f ind . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Gh id Deva , p . 3 4, f i g. 6 4. 4 04.

I nv . 3 8921. Proto me.

Buchares t.

P la te CX XX I I

G ilded b ronze.

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

d ia meter 1 7 cm

The p iece was p robably u sed a s a n o rnamen ta l p la te f or a d oor-hand le . The h ead o f al i on w i th t h ick mane a nd o pen mou th i n h igh r el ief .

N o tched

d ecora t ion o n t he b order. The c ircu mstances o f f ind ing a re n o t k nown . Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D.

A . Hek ler , ,M K , I V , 1 910 , n o. 5 8; RR , p . 2 72, G 209 2 59 , G 161, p l. XL IV ); C . Pop , S arget ia , I X , 1 972, 4 05.

I nv . 3 986.

S ar m izegetusa .

Ear-r ing.

Go ld .

P .

p .

7 2 , f i g. 1 0. P la te CX XX I I I

Wel l-preserved .

S ize :

d iame ter 2 .6 cm ;

t h ickness

0 .2 cm A c o iled s nake w ith r a ised h ead . Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 4 06.

I nv . 8 94.

S ar m izegetusa

S ta tuet te.

Terraco t ta .

A s heep .

P la te C 2 .00 (D (

F rag men tary .

The l egs a re b roken o f f .

Chance f ind . Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D. Unpubl ished. 1 50

S ize :

7x 8 .5 cm

4 07.

I nv . V . 2 2901. S ta tue t te.

C lu j-Napoca .

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXXXD (

F rag men tary .

S ize :

6 .5 x 5 .6 cm

Head o f h orse. Found i n t he t e mp le d ed ica ted t o D iana , J uno a nd Hercules. Da te : t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D. Unpubl ished . 4 08.

I nv . V . 2 2921. S ta tue t te.

C lu j-Napoca .

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXL

F rag men tary .

Eagle w ith h ead t urned t o t he l ef t ; of .

S ize :

9 .5 x 7 cm

t he l ower p ar t o f t he l egs b roken

F ound i nt he e nclosure o ft e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escu lap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A . D. Unpubl ished .

4 09.

I nv . 2 512. S ta tuet te.

S ar m izegetusa . Terraco t ta .

F rag men tary.

S ize :

1 0 x 5 cm

Body o f e ag le. Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . 4 10.

I nv . V . 2 2923 a -b.

C lu j-Napoca .

S ta tuary f rag men t.

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXL S ize :

6x 5 .5 cm.

Ha lf o f t he b ase o f as ta tuet te , b roken i n to t hree p ar ts.

The b ase i s

d ecora ted w ith e ag le 's c laws. Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia. Unpubl ished . 4 11.

I nv . 1 0556.

S ar m izege tusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Pot tery .

S ize :

9 .6 x 2 x 0 .5 cm

Head o f s nake. Found

i n t he t e mp le o f L iber Pa ter.

Da te : t he 2 nd c en tury A . D. Unpubl ished . 4 12.

I nv . 1 649.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Pot tery .

P la te CXL S ize :

1 0 x4 .7 x 1 .5 cm

Body o f s nake. F ound i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia .

1 51

Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 4 13.

I nv . 8 887.

S ar m izege tusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Po t tery .

P la te CXL S ize :

6x 4 .5 x 1 cm

S nake w i th h ead o f r am . Found i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o ft e mp les d ed ica ted t o Aescul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 4 14.

I nv . 6 699.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Po t tery .

S ize :

1 3.5 x 4 x 1 .5 cm

Body o f s nake. F ound i n t he e nclosure o f t he c o mp lex o f t e mp les d ed ica ted t o A escul ap ius a nd Hyg ie ia . Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

Unpubl ished . 4 15.

I nv . 9 377.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Pot tery .

S ize :

1 0.5 x 7 x 1 cm

The d escr ip t ion , t he f ind s po t a nd t he d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14. Unpubl ished . 4 16.

I nv. 9 743.

S ar m izege tusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Po t tery .

S ize :

7 .5 x 1 .5 x 1 cm

The d escr ip t ion , t he f ind-spo t a nd t he d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-415. Unpubl ished . 4 17.

I nv . 7 793.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Pot tery .

S ize :

6 .3 x 2 .3 x 1 .5 cm.

The d escr ip t ion , t he f ind-spo t a nd t he d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-416. Unpubl ished . 4 18.

I nv . 5 094.

S ar m izegetusa

F rag men t o f v ase.

Pot tery .

S ize :

6x 3 x 1 .3 cm

The d escrip t ion , t he f ind-spo t a nd t he d a t ing a re i den t ica l w ith t hose o f n os. 4 12, a nd 4 14-417. Unpubl ished . 1 52

4 19 .

I nv . 7 418.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Po t tery .

S ize :

1 0.2 x 5 x 2 cm.

The d escr ip t ion , t he f ind-spo t a nd t he d a t ing a re i den t ica l w ith t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-418. Unpubl ished . 4 20.

I nv . 8 427.

S ar m izege tusa .

Frag men t o f v ase.

P o ttery .

S ize :

7x 6 x 0 .7 cm

The d escr ip t ion , a nd t he f ind-spo t a nd d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-419. Unpubl ished . 4 12.

I nv . 8 699.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

Po t tery .

S ize :

9x 3 .3 x 1 cm

The d escr ip t ion , f ind-spo t a nd d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-420. Unpubl ished . 4 22.

I nv . 6 700.

S ar m izegetusa .

Frag men t o f v ase.

P o t tery .

S ize :

7 .1 x 1 .5 x 1 cm

The d escr ip t ion , f ind-spo t a nd d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-421. Unpubl ished . 4 23.

I nv . 7 016-7018.

Sa rm izege tusa .

Three f rag men ts b e long ing t o t he s a me v ase.

Pot tery .

S ize :

1 7.3 x

3 x 1 cm The d escr ip t ion , f ind-spo t a nd d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-422. Unpubl ished. 4 24.

I nv . 4 623-4624.

S ar m izege tusa.

Three f rag men ts b e long ing t o t he s a me v ase. 3 .7 x 1 .5 cm

Pot tery .

S ize : 1 8 x

The d escr ip t ion , f ind-spo t a nd d a t ing a re s im ilar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-423. Unpubl ished. 4 25.

I nv . V . 2 2913-V . 2 2914.

C lu j-Napoca .

Two f rag men ts b e long ing t o t he s ame v ase. 4 .3 x 0 .5 cm

P la te CXXX IX Pot tery .

S ize :

7 .6 x

The d escr ip t ion , f ind-spo t a nd d a t ing a re s im i lar t o t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-425. Unpubl ished. 1 53

4 26.

I nv. V . 2 2993.

C lu j-Napoca .

Frag men t o f v ase.

Po t tery .

S ize :

6 .5 x 3 x 1 .2 cm

The d escr ip t ion , f ind-spo t a nd d a t ing a re i den t ica l w ith t hose o f n os. 4 12 a nd 4 14-425. Unpubl ished . 4 27.

I nv . 2 050.

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men t o f v ase.

G lass.

P la te CXLI I S ize :

6 .7 x 6 .1 cm

Eag le w ith t he h ead t urned t o t he l e f t a nd s pread w ings. Found i n t he r u ins o f t he b u ild ing i n t he c our t-yard b eh ind t he Cu l tura l C lub. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished . ARCHITECTURAL P IECES 4 28.

Wi thou t i nven tory n umber. An te f ix.

Terraco t ta .

S ar m izegetusa .

F rag men tary .

S ize :

P la te CXL I 1 3 x1 3.5 cm

Human f i gure w i th o r ien ta l t ra i ts, a l mond-shaped e yes, p ronounced p up ils , h igh c heekbones a nd l i ps i n s trong r e l ief .

The h a ir a nd b eard a re

weak ly o u t l ined . Probably f ound i n t he Aedes Augusta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A . D.

D . A l icu , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 4 3, f i g. 1 -1 a . 4 29.

Wi thou t i nven tory n umber. An te f ix.

Terraco t ta .

S ar m izege tusa .

We l l-preserved .

P la te CXL I

S ize :

1 4.5 x 1 4.5 cm

S im ilar t o t he p rev ious p iece , n o. 4 28. Found i n c istern n o . 2i n t he Aedes A ugus ta l iu m. Da te :

t he 2 nd c en tury A .D .

D . A l icu , S arge t ia , X I-X I I , 1 974-1975 , p . 4 3, f i g. 2 -2 a . 4 30.

Withou t i nven tory n u mber. An te f ix .

Terraco t ta .

S ar m izegetusa.

F rag men tary .

S ize :

1 2.7 x 1 3.1 cm

The a n thropo morph ic r epresen ta t ion i s n ot p reserved , b u t o n ly t he c ore o f c lay s urv ives. A t t he b ack , an iche f or f i x ing t he p iece t o at i le. Chance f ind. Da te :

t he 2 nd-3rd c en tury A .D .

U lp ia Tra iana , p . 9 1; 4 31.

I nv . 2 077. An tef ix .

Gh id S ar m izegetusa , p p . 5 3-54.

S ar m izegetusa .

Terraco t ta .

P la te CXL I

Restored. 1 54

S ize :

1 6.3 x 1 9 cm

Hu man f igure w ith o va l f ace , b eard less, t h ick l ips , o pen mou th , a nd p ronounced c h in .

A t t he b ack , as em i-circu lar h ol low f or f ix ing t he p iece t o

at i le. Found im med ia tely t o t he n or th o f t he S cho la g lad ia toru m. Da te :

t he 3 rd c en tury A . D.

Unpubl ished. 4 32.

I nv. 1 0007.

S ar m izegetusa .

Cor in th ian c ap ita l .

P la te D C
c \ J

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PLATE V II

PLATE V III

3 6

PLATE X

4 3

4 4

PLATE XI

PLATE XII

PLATE XIII

5 6

5 5 PLATE XIV

5 0

6 1

PLATE XV

5 . 9

6 5

6 4

PLATE XV I

6 6

6 3

6 7

PLATE XVI I

7 1

PLATE X VIII

7 3

PLATE XI X

8 2

PLATE X X

7 9

PLATE XXI

8 6

PLATE X XII

PLATE XXI II

1 09

PLATE X X IV

PLATE X XV

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PLATE XXV I

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PLATE XXV II

PLATE XXVIII

18

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PLATE X X IX

1 20

1 34

PLATE X XX

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PLATE X XXI

1 42 PLATE XXXII

1 43

PLATE XXXIII

1 82

1 44

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PLATE XX XIV

1 55

1 7 4

C \ I

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PLATE XX XVI

PLATE X X XVII

PLATE X X XVIII

2

PLATE XXXIX

2 47

PLATE XL

PLATE XL 1

2 57

PLATE XL II

2 59

2 60

PLATE XL I II

2 58

L 1V

2 64

2 68

PLATE X LV

2 67

2 7 4

PLATE XLVI

2 79

2 83

2 82

PLATE XLV II I

PLATE XLI X

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PLATE L

2 99

3 02

PLATE L I

3 07

3 13

3 1 1

3 09

PLATE L II

3 10

3 08

3 00

3 16 PLATE L IU

3 17

3 14

PLATE LV

3 19

3 25

PLATE LV I

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