During the period 1938-2018 Encyclopædia Britannica published annually a "Book of the Year" covering the past
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English Pages [913] Year 1991
Table of contents :
Cover
Title
Contents
Calendar 1991
FEATURE: Global Environment -- A Planet in Stress
Chronology of 1990
BRITANNICA UPDATE
United States of America
Bismarck
Diplomacy
Central Africa
Bibliography: Recent Books
THE YEAR IN REVIEW
People of 1990
BIOGRAPHIES
OBITUARIES
Events of 1990
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SUPPLIES
CHEMISTRY
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
GARDENING
INDUSTRIAL REVIEW
LIFE SCIENCES
MILITARY AFFAIRS
POPULATION
SOCIAL SECURITY AND WELFARE SERVICES
SPORTS AND GAMES
SPORTS AND GAMES
TELEVISION AND RADIO
WORLD AFFAIRS: AFRICA
WORLD AFFAIRS: AFRICA
WORLD AFFAIRS: EAST ASIA
WORLD AFFAIRS: SOUTHEAST ASIA
WORLD AFFAIRS: WESTERN EUROPE
WORLD AFFAIRS: EASTERN EUROPE
WORLD AFFAIRS: LATIN AMERICA
WORLD AFFAIRS: DEPENDENT STATES
Contributors
WORLD DATA
Afghanistan
Brazil
Cote d'lvoire
Gabon
India
Lebanon
Monaco
Peru
Somalia
USSR
Government and international organizations
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q-R
S
T
U
V-W
X-Y-Z
1991
Britannica Book of the Year
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Chicago
Auckland/Geneva/London/Madrid/Manila/Paris
Rome/Seoul/Sydney/Tokyo/Toronto
EDITOR
Daphne Daume EDITORIAL STAFF David Calhoun
Ann
Belaski Lynette Bertsche Elizabeth A. Blowers Linda A. Cifelli Jennifer Cohen Cheryl Collins
Linda Tomchuck Bibliographical Research Leah Hotimlanska
Marty
Joan Harris, Toronto Harold DeWeese, Sydney Rinzo Sakauchi, Tokyo
LIBRARIAN Terry Miller
ASSOCIATE LIBRARIAN Shantha Uddin
Ellen Finkelstein
CURATOR/GEOGRAPHY David W. Foster ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN Robert Lewis
SECRETARIAL STAFF Dorothy Hagen Catherine E. Johnson
Deidre McAllister Letricia Riley E. Sebastian Sylvia Wallace
MANAGER, PRODUCTION CONTROL Mary C. Srodon
CREATIVE DIRECTOR, ART Cynthia Peterson
SENIOR COORDINATOR,
OPERATIONS MANAGER, ART Marsha Mackenzie SENIOR PICTURE EDITOR
PRODUCTION CONTROL Marilyn
L.
Barton
PRODUCTION CONTROL STAFF Jacqueline Amato
Holly Harrington
PICTURE EDITORS Kathryn Creech Harriett Hiland Cathy Melloan
Stephanie A. Green
MANAGER, COMPOSITION/ PAGE MAKEUP
LAYOUT ARTISTS
Melvin Stagner
Draves
COORDINATOR, COMPOSITION/ PAGE MAKEUP
Mahoney Stephanie Motz ART PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR J.
Michael Born,
Jr.
COMPOSITION/PAGE MAKEUP STAFF
Richard A. Roiniotis
ART STAFF
Eram A. Ahmad Griselda Chaidez
Henle Margaret Liebezeit Patricia A.
Duangnetra Debhavalya
Pitstick
Carol A. Gaines Vertreasa Hunt
MANAGER, CARTOGRAPHY
John Krom,
Barbra A. Vogel
Thomas
CARTOGRAPHY STAFF Laurie Anderson Steven Bogdan Amelia Gintautas Julsun Pacheco
Kathryn
J.
Arnell
Reed
Gwen
E.
Tammy
Jr.
Mulligan
Rosenberg
Tsou
Danette Wetterer
EDITORIAL ADMINISTRATION Robert McHenry, General Editor Robert F. Rauch, Director of Yearbooks
Karen M. Barch, Vice President, Editorial Development Elizabeth P. O'Connor, Director, Editorial Financial Planning
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, INC. Robert P. Gwinn, Chairman of the Board Peter B. Norton, President
Piffl
©1991 BY ENCYCLOP/EDIA BRITANNICA, INC. Copyright Under International Copyright Union All Rights
Reserved Under Pan American and Universal Copyright Conventions
by Encyclopaedia Bntannica.
Inc.
Library of Congress Catalog Card International Standard
Number: 38-12082 Book Number 0-85229-546-4
International Standard Serial
No
part of this
Number
0068-1 156
work may be reproduced or
utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
BRITANNICA BOOK OF THE YEAR (Trademark Reg.
Issa
Bernard J. Jablonski Steven M. Monti
Joan
Sergio A. Sarmiento, Mexico City J. Amaral, Rio de Janeiro
Diana M.
G
Manal Salah
Madolynn Cronk Karen Feldman Laura R. Gabler John Gherardini David Gottlieb Anthony L. Green Glenn Jenne Elizabeth Laskey John Mathews
CORRESPONDENTS
L.
Ronning
Barbara Whitney
Ellen Bernstein
John John
Carmen-Maria Hetrea SENIOR INDEX EDITOR Martin L. White INDEX STAFF Mansur Abdullah
Julian
Melinda Shepherd Medical Subjects
E.
MANAGER, INDEX DEPARTMENT
Anita Wolff SENIOR COPY EDITORS
COPY STAFF
Charles Cegielski Karen Jacobs Justin Arthur Latham Elizabeth B. Luft Stephen Neher
ADVISER Martin
MANAGER, COPY DEPARTMENT
U.S. Pal. Off.) Printed in U.S.A.
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO The Britanmca Book of the Year
is
published with the editorial advice
of the faculties of the University of Chicago.
CONTENTS 4
Calendar
5
FEATURE
5
Global Environment
16
Chronology of 1990
37
BRITANNICA UPDATE
37
Majiur Revisions from the 1991 Macropsd la United States of America: The American Revolution and the early federal republic
37
40 44 52 60
Bismarck Diplomacy
64 64 64 86
THE YEAR
113
— A Planet
by Konrad von Moltke
in Stress
Central Africa: History Bibliography: Recent Books
IN
REVIEW
People of 1990 Biographies Obituaries
Events of 1990 Review
113
Agriculture and
207
Industrial
123
228
Information Processing and
125
Anthropology Archaeology
127
Architecture
229
Labour-Management Relations
131
Art Exhibitions and Art Sales
231
Law
131
sidebar: The Sistine Chapel
234 235 242 243
Food Supplies
Restoration
by Francine Shonfeld Sherman 135
Astronomy
136
sidebar: Salvaging the Troubled
137
Hubble by Kenneth Brecher Botanical Gardens and Zoos
139
Chemistry
141
Consumer
143
Crime, Law Enforcement, and Penology
147
Dance
151
Disasters
155
Earth Sciences
160
Economic
176
Affairs
special report: The Collapse of Junk Market: The Morning After
185
by Judith H. Dobrzynski Education Energy
187
Engineering Projects
191
Environment Fashion and Dress Gardening Health and Disease
198
200 201
253 253 260
Affairs
the
181
Information Systems
of the Year Contributors
524
Book
529
WORLD DATA
881
INDEX
262 264 268 270 273 274 275 277 278 278
283 287 289 289
Libraries
300
Religion
special report:
Two
Years That
World of Religion by Martin E. Marty Social Security and Welfare the
Services
Literature
sidebar: 100 Years of Christie's
Crimes by Ellen Finkelstein Mathematics Military Affairs
special report: The Continuing Gulf Crisis by Robin Ranger Mining Motion Pictures
302 305 342 360 363 367 370 424
443
Museums
Space Exploration Sports and
Television
and Radio
Theatre Transportation
World
Affairs
special report: Japanese-U.S. Relations in 1990
by Richard B. Matthews special report: The Meaning of Unification
by Ronald D. Asmus
Rap on Rap
by Susan Marts Myers Philately and Numismatics
Games
Sporting Record
German
Music 450
sidebar: France: The Impact of Carpentras
by Christian Sauvage
Photography Physics
465
sidebar: U.K.: The Poll Tax
sidebar: Mrs. E = mc 2 ? by Barbara Whitney
476
by Peter Kellner special report: The Soviet Nationalities Problem
Populations and Population
Movements 279
Race Relations
Shook
Life Sciences
sidebar:
Publishing
special report: The 1990 U.S.
Census by Stratton
516
by Martin McCauley sidebar: The New Zealand Sesquicentennial
Little
by John A. Kelleher
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