A special study of seven elementary school children

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A SPECIAL STUDY OF SEVEN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

A P ro je c t P re s e n te d to t h e F a c u l t y o f th e S c h o o l o f E d u c a t i o n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a

In P a r tia l F u lfillm e n t o f t h e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r t h e D eg ree M a s t e r o f S c ie n c e i n E d u c a tio n

by M il d r e d L u c i l e s m i t h J u n e 1950

UMI Number: EP46581

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Th is p r o j e c t repo rt, wri tt en under the direction of the candidate's adv is e r a n d a p p r o v e d by him, has been pr es e nt e d to a n d a c c e p te d by the F a c u l t y of the S c h o o l of E d u c a ti o n in p a r t i a l fu lfi llm en t of the requirements f o r the de gre e of M a s t e r of Science in E ducation.

Date.

Adviser

Dean

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I.

PAGE

INTRODUCTION............................................................. The p r o b le g t

1

. ....................... . . . . . . . . . .

1

S t a t e m e n t o f t h e p r o b le m . . . . . . . . .

1

I m p o r ta n c e o f th e s t u d y

2

D e fin itio n

. . . . . . . . .

o f te rm used

S p e c ia l stu d y

3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

S o u rc e o f m a t e r i a l an d m ethod o f p r o c e d u r e .

II.

S o u rces o f m a t e r i a l

. . . . . . . . . . .

M ethod o f p r o c e d u r e

. . . . .

........................

3 .

4

O r g a n i z a t i o n o f th e r e m a in d e r o f th e p r o j e c t

5

REVIEW OF THELITERATURE................................................

6

III.

CASE OF S U E .............................................................

13

IV .

CASE OF J A C K ........................ ....................................

19

V. V I.

CASE OF NORMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CASE OF RHODA

^

V II.

CASE OF AGNES

.

V III.

CASE OF EMILY

.

IX . X.

3

25 .

..................................................... ;

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

30 36

.

42

CASE OF T E D .................................... . . . . . . . . .

47

EVALUATION

52

BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................

............................................‘

57,

EXHIBIT EXHIBIT I.

SO CIO G R A M ............................

PAGE 56

CHAPTER I ~ INTRODUCTION A t e a c h e r ' s m o t i v a t i o n f o r s t u d y i n g a c h i l d grows o u t o f th e d e s i r e t o f a c i l i t a t e h i s l e a r n i n g , t o h e l p him a d a p t h i s b e h a v i o r to th e demands o f s c h o o l s i t u a t i o n s , and t o a i d him i n fo rm in g and i n a c h i e v i n g w o rth y a s p i r a t i o n s . Few c h i l d r e n grow i n t o optimum d e v e lo p m e n t w i t h o u t c a r e f u l g u id a n c e . I.

THE PROBLEM

S t a t e m e n t o f t h e p r o b le m .

I t i s th e p u rp o se o f t h i s

p r o j e c t t o make a s p e c i a l s t u d y o f s e v e n c h i l d r e n o f a s e ­ cond g r a d e i n o r d e r :

(1 ) t o p r e s e n t a p i c t u r e o f e a c h c h i l d ;

(2) t o a n a l y z e t h e i r b e h a v i o r p r o b le m s ; (3) t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e i r p e rs o n a lity d istu rb a n c e s ;

(4) t o h e l p e a c h c h i l d f i n d

a s u c c e s s f u l p la c e in h i s g roup. I t . s h o u l d be u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e s p e c i a l s t u d y i s n o t a r e s e a r c h m e th o d , b u t t h a t i t s p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n I s t o d i s c o v e r i m p o r t a n t f a c t s t h e c l a s s r o o m t e a c h e r may u s e i n h e lp in g th e i n d iv i d u a l.^

I P e r c i v a l M. Sym onds, D ia g n o s in g P e r s o n a l i t y an d C onduct {New Y ork: D. A p p le to n C e n tu r y Company, 1 9 3 1 ) , p . 5 5 5 .

z A number o f q u e s t i o n s p r e s e n t th e m s e lv e s when a t ­ te m p tin g su c h a s t u d y , and w h ich i n t h e c o u r s e o f th e i n ­ v e s t i g a t i o n w i l l be g i v e n c o n s i d e r a t i o n . 1.

l h a t i s th e b e h a v i o r o f t h e s e c h i l d r e n i n th e

c l a s s r o o m , on th e p l a y g r o u n d , and o u t o f s c h o o l? 2.

What do a l l t h e s e c h i l d r e n f i n d i n one g i r l t h a t

c a u s e s them t o c h o o se h e r f o r t h e i r f r i e n d ? 3.

Why s h o u ld t h e c h i l d r e n who h a v e l e a s t a d j u s t e d

t o s c h o o l e n v ir o n m e n t c e n t e r a ro u n d t h e one g i r l ? 4.

What do t h e s e c h i l d r e n e n j o y m o st?

5.

What i s t h e i r f a m i l y b a c k g ro u n d ?

6.

Whati s t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e p a r e n t s , and

w hat

a r e t h e i r h a b i t s o f t r a i n i n g and d i s c i p l i n e on t h e b e h a v i o r of th e c h ild ? 7.

l h a t a r e t h e f a c t o r s t h a t may be t h e c a u se o f

t h e i r b e h a v io r? 8.

What c a n be done t o a l l e v i a t e o r t o remove t h e s e

c o n trib u tin g fa c to rs? I m p o r ta n c e o f th e s t u d y . ed i m p o r t a n t b e c a u s e :

T h is p r o j e c t was c o n s i d e r ­

(1) a b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f e a c h

c h i l d e n a b l e d th e t e a c h e r t o g u id e h i s d e v e lo p m e n t more i n ­ te llig e n tly ;

(2.) b e h a v i o r p r o b le m s an d t h e i r c a u s e s w ere

p r e s e n t e d and b e t t e r u n d e r s t o o d ;

(3) t h e t e a c h e r by u n d e r ­

s t a n d i n g e a c h c h i l d was a b l e t o be a m ore s u c c e s s f u l t e a c h e r ;

3 (4 ) a t e a c h e r i s h e l d r e s p o n s i b l e f o r g u id a n c e a n d d e v e lo p ­ m ent o f h e r s t u d e n t s . O ls o n 2 f e e l s t h a t m o st b e h a v i o r p r o b le m s o f c h i l d r e n can be c o r r e c t e d by t h e t e a c h e r p e r s o n n e l .

S tra n g ^ h as

s t a t e d t h a t th e m ost r e l i a b l e so u rce o f in f o rm a tio n ab o u t c h i l d r e n i s fo u n d by s t u d y i n g t h e i r b a c k g r o u n d , b e h a v i o r a n d d e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y . II.

DEFINITION OF TEEM USED

S p e c ia l stu d y .

I n e d u c a t i o n and r e l a t e d f i e l d s , t h e

case stu d y h a s been d e fin e d a s a " d e t a i l e d stu d y o f th e i n ­ d i v i d u a l c o n d u c te d f o r th e p u r p o s e o f b r i n g i n g a b o u t b e t t e r a d j u s t m e n t o f t h e p e r s o n who i s t h e s u b j e c t o f t h e i n v e s t i ­ g a t i o n ’*^.

I n t h i s w o rk, t h e s p e c i a l s t u d y was u s e d a s a me­

th o d f o r t e a c h e r - p u p i l a d j u s t m e n t and u n d e r s t a n d i n g , f o l l o w ­ in g c l o s e ly th e p r i n c i p l e s o f th e case s tu d y . I I I . SOURCE OF MATERIAL AND METHOD OF PROCEDURE S ou rces o f m a t e r i a l .

The s e v e n c h i l d r e n w ere s e -

§ W i l l i a r d C. O ls o n , "The D i a g n o s i s and T re a tm e n t o f B e h a v io r D i s o r d e r s o f C h i l d r e n , " T h i r t y - f o u r t h Y ea rb o o k Qf ~kke N a t i o n a l S o c i e t y f o r t h e S tu d y o f E d u c a t i o n . "[B loo m ing to n, I l l i n o i s : P u b l i c S c h o o l P u b l i s h i n g Company, 1 9 3 5 ), p . 373. 3 R u th S t r a n g , An I n t r o d u c t i o n to C h i ld P s y c h o lo g y (New Y o rk : The M a c m illa n Company, 1938) , p . 3. 4« A. E . T r a x l e r , "C ase S tu d y P r o c e d u r e s i n G u id a n c e ," S c h o o l R eview , 4 6 :6 0 3 , O c to b e r , 1938.

l e c t e d f o r c a s e s t u d y a f t e r f o u r weeks o f c l a s s r o o m o b s e r v a ­ t i o n and on t h e b a s i s o f a s o c io g r a m , E x h i b i t I , w ith th e c l a s s .

c o n stru c te d

S i x o f t h e c h i l d r e n had n o t a d j u s t e d t o

t h e i r s c h o o l s o c i e t y an d t h e i r m e n ta l d e v e lo p m e n t was l a g g i n g . The s o c io g r a m was s t u d i e d , and t h e s e s i x c h i l d r e n w ere fo u n d t o h av e c h o s e n t h e s e v e n t h c h i l d t o be t h e i r f r i e n d . The s e v e n t h c h i l d , Rhoda, w e l l a d j u s t e d , had n o t c h o s e n '.a n y one o f th e s i x c h i l d r e n who had c h o s e n h e r .

The

s i x c h i l d r e n w ere c h o s e n by no one i n t h e g r o u p . M ethod o f P r o c e d u r e .

A c a r e f u l o b s e r v a t i o n was made

o f e a c h c h i l d * s b e h a v i o r i n th e c l a s s r o o m and on th e p l a y ­ g ro u n d d u r i n g a p e r i o d o f s i x w eeks;

A n e c d o ta l m a t e r i a l was

c o l l e c t e d a t t h i s t i m e , and a summary was made fro m t h e s e r e ­ cords. E ach home was v i s i t e d t o s e c u r e i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g th e p a r e n t s : t h e i r a g e s; e d u c a tio n ; r e l i g i o u s p r e f e r e n c e s ; and c i v i c , c u l t u r a l and r e c r e a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s .

O b se rv a tio n s

w ere made a s t o t h e p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and t h e p e r s o n ­ a l i t i e s o f th e p a r e n t s .

The m a r i t a l s t a t u s ,

th e number i n

t h e f a m i l y and t h e i r a t t i t u d e s to w a rd one a n o t h e r were le a rn e d .

The a t t i t u d e o f t h e p a r e n t s to w a rd t h e s c h o o l and

i t s t e a c h i n g m e th o d s w ere o b s e r v e d .

The econom ic s t a t u s o f

th e f a m i l y was d i s c o v e r e d t h r o u g h c a s u a l q u e s t i o n s and by o b s e r v i n g t h e l o c a l i t y and p h y s i c a l makeup o f th e home. An

a c c o u n t o f t h e d e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y o f th e c h i l d was ob­ t a i n e d th r o u g h d i s c u s s i o n w i t h t h e p a r e n t s . The c u m u l a t i v e r e c o r d o f ea ch c h i l d was s t u d i e d . I n f o r m a t i o n was o b t a i n e d a s t o a g e , t e s t s c o r e s , a t t e n d a n c e , a c h ie v e m e n t , w ork h a b i t s , a n d b e h a v i o r g r o w th . The h e a l t h r e c o r d o f e a c h c h i l d was exam ined f o r a n y p e r t i n e n t i n f o r m a t i o n a s to s i g h t , h e a r i n g , s e r i o u s d i s e a s e s , and any d e v i a t i o n fro m n o rm a l h e a l t h . I n f o r m a t i o n was s e c u r e d fro m o t h e r t e a c h e r s i n t h e s c h o o l who h a d t a u g h t t h e s e c h i l d r e n . t

IY.

ORGANIZATION OF THE REMAINDER OF THE PROJECT P ro ced u re.

A r e v ie w o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e , i n c l u d i n g

th e r e v ie w o f l e a d i n g a u t h o r i t i e s on t h e b e h a v i o r o f c h i l ­ d r e n i n t h e e a r l y y e a r s a n d t h e u s e o f th e c a s e s t u d y i n g u id a n c e a r e g iv e n i n C h a p te r I I . s e n t e d i n C h a p te r s I I I th r o u g h IX . e n t ir e stu d y .

S p e c ia l s tu d ie s a re p r e ­ C h a p te r X sum m arized t h e

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE L i t t l e h a s b e e n w r i t t e n a b o u t t h e c a s e s tu d y m etho d s p e c i f i c a l l y a s u s e d by a t e a c h e r i n t h e p r i m a r y g r a d e s . Much h a s b e e n w r i t t e n , h o w e v e r, a b o u t t h e im p o r ta n c e o f th e b e h a v io r o f th e c h ild in th e e a r l y y e a r s .

T h o rpe h a s g iv e n

t h i s q u o ta tio n : S t u d i e s o f c h i l d r e n a t v a r i o u s l e v e l s h av e i n d i ­ c a t e d t h a t t h e k i n d o f p e r s o n a l i t y t h a t any i n d i v i d u a l u h a s and t h e k i n d o f b e h a v i o r w h ich c h a r a c t e r i z e s h i s a d j u s t m e n t s i n l i f e a r e l a r g e l y d e t e r m in e d i n t h e f i r s t , w e e k s a n d y e a r s o f l i f e by t h e way i n w hich t h e c h i l d h a s b ee n m anaged by h i s p a r e n t s , by t h e e m o tio n ­ a l r e l a t i o n s h i p b e tw e e n th e d i f f e r e n t members o f th e f a m i l y , by t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e home and n e ig h b o rh o o d and by h i s s c h o o l e x p e r i e n c e s an d r e ­ la tio n s. Thus t h e c h i l d ’ s f u t u r e may be p e r m a n e n t l y w arped by su c h t h i n g s a s c o n s t a n t q u a r r e l i n g and a n ­ ta g o n is m s b e tw e e n p a r e n t s , by to o much o r to o l i t t l e a f f e c t i o n and a t t e n t i o n , by n a g g i n g an d c r i t i c i s m I n t h e home, by o v e r - i n d u l g e n c e and o v e r - p r o t e c t i o n on t h e p a r t o f p a r e n t s a n d r e l a t i v e s , by j e a l o u s y o f s u c c e s s f u l b r o t h e r o r s i s t e r , by f a v o r i t i s m s o f t h e p a r e n t s to w ard i n d i v i d u a l c h i l d r e n i n t h e f a m i l y , by sev ere d is c i p l i n e o r la c k of u n d e rsta n d in g a t sc h o o l, o r by a h u n d r e d o t h e r s u b t l e and com plex c a u s e s . 5 The l i t e r a t u r e r e v ie w e d e m p h a s iz e s t h e im p o r ta n c e o f th e stu d y o f th e c h i l d a s an i n d i v i d u a l .

The c a s e s t u d y

i s a c o m p a ra tiv e ly r e c e n t in n o v a tio n in th e f i e l d o f g u i­ d a n c e a s a m eans o f s t u d y i n g t h e w hole c h i l d . Only th r o u g h

5

L o u i s P . T h o rp e , P s y c h o l o g i c a l F o u n d a t i o n s o f P e r ­ s o n a l i t y (New Y ork: M cG raw -H ill Book Company, 1 9 3 8 ) , p . 3 6 0 .

u n d e r s t a n d i n g th e s t u d e n t c a n we h e l p t h e s t u d e n t t o u n d e r ­ sta n d h im s e lf .6

P u r s u i n g t h i s m e th o d , one c a n f i n d b e t t e r

t h e symptoms and d e e p - s e a t e d c a u s e s o f any m a la d j u s t m e n t p re se n t. The f a c t t h a t t h e b e s t i n d i c e s o f c h i l d a d j u s t m e n t i s t o be fo u n d i n t h e a t t i t u d e s o f t h e c h i l d to w a rd o t h e r p e r s o n s and i n t h e i r a t t i t u d e s to w a rd him i s s t r e s s e d by M organ. He s a y s t h a t i t i s more i m p o r t a n t t o u n d e r s t a n d th e a t t i t u d e w hich l i e s b e h i n d t h e v a r i o u s a c t s o f th e c h i l d t h a n i t i s t o a n a l y z e t h e a c t s t h e m s e l v e s . " I n o t h e r w o rd s , any s o c i a l m a l a d j u s t m e n t i s a symptom t h a t s o m e th in g i s wrong.One

o f t h e m o st s i g n i f i c a n t p r o b le m s o f m a l a d j u s t ­

m en t i n a c h i l d i s h i s f a i l u r e t o g e t a l o n g w i t h o t h e r c h i l ­ dren. Sogers® s t a t e s t h a t one o f th e n o rm a l f u n c t i o n s o f t h e s c h o o l i s t o s o c i a l i z e t h e c h i l d , to t e a c h him th r o u g h t h e v a r i o u s c o n t a c t s o f g ro u p l i f e

t h e m e th o d s o f r e a c t i n g

w h ich w i l l e n a b l e him t o l i v e c o m f o r t a b l y w i t h h i s f e l l o w men. O f te n f o r t h e c h i l d who i s a p r o b le m , s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n 6 R uth S t r a n g , The R ole o f th e T e a c h e r i n P e r s o n n e l Work (New Y o rk : T e a c h e rs* C o l l e g e , Colum bia U n i v e r s i t y , 1 9 4 6 ) , p . 467. 7 JV J . B. Morgan* The P s y c h o lo g y o f t h e U n a d ju s te d S c h o o l C h ild (New Y ork: The M a c m illa n Company, 1 9 3 6 } , p . 8 . 8 C a r l R. R o g e r s , The g l i n i c a l T r e a tm e n t o f t h e P r o ­ blem C h i l d ( B o s to n : H o ug h to n M i f f l i n Company, 1 9 3 9 J 7 p . 2 40 ,

m u st be g i v e n to t h i s a s p e c t o f s c h o o l e x p e r i e n c e , e i t h e r b e c a u s e th e c h i l d * s p r o b le m s a r e t h o s e o f s o c i a l m aladjust** m e n t, o r b e c a u s e a b e t t e r g ro u p a d j u s t m e n t w i l l p r o v i d e s a t i s f a c t i o n w h ich m akes p r o b le m b e h a v i o r l e s s n e c e s s a r y i n o th e r a re a s. The s c h o o l , a c c o r d i n g t o R o g e r s , h a s a p a r t i c u l a r l y o u ts ta n d in g o p p o r tu n ity f o r d e a lin g w ith th e f r i e n d l e s s c h ild .

O f t e n t h e c h i l d who s h r i n k s fro m g ro u p p l a y c a n be

draw n i n t o g ro u p a s s o c i a t i o n a s a p a r t o f a c l a s s p r o j e c t o r can be e n c o u r a g e d t o work i n p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h some o t h e r c h ild . By c o n s t r u c t i n g a s o c io g ra m w i t h a g r o u p , a t e a c h e r may f i n d t h a t c e r t a i n c h i l d r e n h a v e n o t d e v e lo p e d one c l o s e frie n d sh ip i

T h is may be due i n p a r t t o th e f a c t t h a t th e y

h a v e n e v e r l e a r n e d t o w ork n o r t o p l a y w i t h o t h e r s .

T h is

i n f o r m a t i o n a l o n e i s j u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r t h e work i n v o l v e d i n c o n s t r u c t i n g a s o c io g r a m . I f t e a c h e r s l o o k c l o s e l y a t th e s o c io g r a m , many p a t ­ te rn s of r e la tio n s h ip appear.

The " b r i g h t c h i l d " may be t h e

l e a d e r i n t h e room , th e " l a z y c h i l d " r m a y h e ‘ i s o l a t e d , t h e "d a y d r e a m e r " may h a v e one f r i e n d th e t e a c h e r d i d n o t know a b o u t , t h e " l i e r " may c h o o se many f r i e n d s t r y i n g t o f i n d a p l a c e i n th e s o c i a l g r o u p , t h e " d e s t r u c t i v e c h i l d " may w ant to be a l e a d e r b u t h a s n o t l e a r n e d t o g a i n h i s end th r o u g h c o n s t r u c t i v e m e th o d s , t h e " n o rm a l c h i l d " who was c h o s e n by

9 many may i n d i c a t e t h a t o t h e r s a r e t r y i n g t o a d j u s t *

The

t e a c h e r may s e e t h e s e p a t t e r n s i n t h i s p i c t u r e o f t h e s o c i a l group. The im p o r ta n c e o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g a c h i l d h a s b e e n d isc u sse d *

I n a num ber o f b oo ks on g u i d a n c e , t h e e a s e s t u d y

m eth o d i s c o n s i d e r e d one o f t h e b e t t e r t e c h n i q u e s t o be u s e d in th e s e r v ic e .

L e f e v e r , T u r r e l l and W e i t z e l d e s c r i b e t h e

m ethod a s a " t e c h n i q u e o r m etho d o f b r i n g i n g t o g e t h e r a l l p e r t i n e n t i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t a s t u d e n t i n f o rm in g a u n i f i e d b a c k g ro u n d f o r i n t e r p r e t i n g h i s n e e d s and t r e a t i n g h i s d i f ­ fic u ltie s ." 9

O th e r s who d i s c u s s t h i s m ethod a r e C h isholm ,^®

Germane and G e r m a n e , ^ and M o r r i s o n , ^ who h a v e u s e d i t a s a m ethod o n l y i n c a s e s o f s t u d e n t s w i t h a p r o b le m . S m ith i e s - 1-® p r e s e n t s one o f t h e more c o m p le te o u t l i n e s and g i v e s many e a s e s i l l u s t r a t i n g how t h e c a s e s t u d y can be p u t i n t o u s e i n d e a l i n g w i t h n o rm a l g i r l s .

9„ D. ¥ . L e f e v e r , A. M. T u r r e l l , and H. I . W e i t z e l , P r i n c i p l e s and T ech n iq u es o f Guidance (New York: Ronald P r e s s Company, 1 9 4 1 ) , p , E U , 10 L. L. C h ish o lm , G u id an c e o f Y o u th i n t h e S e c o n ­ d a r y S c h o o l (New Y o rk : A m eric an Book Company, T 9 4 5 ) . 11 C. E. Germane an d E . G. G erm ane, P e r s o n n e l Work i n H igh S c h o o l (New Y ork: S i l v e r , B u d e t t Company, 1 5 4 1 ) . 12 H. C. M o r r i s o n , The P r a c t i c e o f T e a c h in g i n t h e S e c o n d a ry S c h o o l (C h ic a g o : U n i v e r s i t y o f C h icag o P r e s s , 15131), 13 E . M. S m i t h i e s , Case S t u d i e s o f N orm al A d o le s c e n t G i r l s (New Y ork: A p p le to n and Company, 1 9 3 3 ) .

10 The Los A n g e le s County

S u p e rin te n d e n t o f S c h o o ls,

D i v i s i o n o f R e s e a rc h an d G u id a n c e , h a s f o r m u l a t e d a v e r y c o m p le te o u t l i n e f o r t h e s p e c i a l s tu d y o f a c h i l d . Most o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e to

t h a t was r e v ie w e d p e r t a i n i n g

t h e v a l u e o f t h e c a s e s t u d y i n g u id a n c e s e r v i c e s was

w r i t t e n on t h e h i g h s c h o o l l e v e l . The m o st v a l u a b l e l i t e r a t u r e r e v ie w e d on t h e e l e ­ m e n ta r y l e v e l o f c a s e s t u d y , was a volum e w r i t t e n by th e S t a f f o f t h e C h i ld D evelopm ent p r e p a r e d f o r t h e Commission on T e a c h e r E d u c a t i o n . ^ 4

T h is volum e was u n d e r t a k e n on a

v o l u n t e e r b a s i s by a g ro u p o f c l a s s r o o m t e a c h e r s a c t i v e l y a s s o c i a t e d f o r t h r e e y e a r s w i t h th e Com m ission on T e a c h e r E d u c a tio n ,

The o b j e c t was t o h e l p t e a c h e r s u n d e r s t a n d th e

b e h a v i o r o f s c h o o l c h i l d r e n and p a r t i a l l y a n a l y z e s t h e f o r c e s t h a t l e d them t o a c t a s t h e y d i d i n v a r i o u s s i t u a t i o n s . M yers 1 *5 s t a t e s t h a t i n t h e a v e r a g e c l a s s o f a b o u t fo rty c h ild re n ,

t h e r e a r e a t l e a s t t e n c h i l d r e n whose men­

t a l h e a l t h i s so p o o r a s t o i n t e r f e r e w ith t h e i r c h a n ce o f s u c c e s s n o t o n l y i n s c h o o l w ork b u t l i f e a s w e l l . who a r e i n p o o r h e a l t h a r e n o t ab n o rm a l y e t .

C h ild re n

They may b e ,

14 S t a f f o f th e D i v i s i o n on C h i l d D ev elop m en t and T e a c h e r P e r s o n n e l , H e lp i n g T e a c h e r s U n d e r s ta n d C h i l d r e n (W a s h in g to n , D .C .: A m erican C o u n c il on E d u c a t i o n , 1 9 4 5 ) . 15 Roger M y e rs , Toward M e n ta l H e a l t h i n S c h o o l , ( T o r o n to : The U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n to P r e s s , 1939T , p . 1 3 .

h o w e v e r, i n t h e e a r l i e s t s t a g e s o f becom ing a b n o r m a l. M yers n o t e s t h a t one o f the t e a c h e r ' s t a s k s i s t h a t o f p r e v e n t i n g t h e s e c h i l d r e n fro m becom ing a b n o r m a l.

I f te a c h e r s can

l e a r n t o r e c o g n i z e t h e e a r l y symptoms o f p o o r m e n ta l h e a l t h and a l s o t o d e a l w i t h them i n t e l l i g e n t l y i n t h e i r e a r l i e r s t a g e s , t h e n sh e c a n make a g r e a t c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e p r e ­ v e n tio n o f u n n e c e ss a ry m e n ta l i l l n e s s .

Upon r e c o g n i z i n g

symptoms o f p o o r h e a l t h , th e t e a c h e r may r e f e r a c h i l d t o s p e c i a l i s t s who a r e now a v a i l a b l e i n m o st s c h o o l s . By t h e u s e o f th e c a s e s t u d y m e th o d , a t e a c h e r may f i n d c h i l d r e n w i t h p r o b le m s to o g r e a t f o r c l a s s r o o m and t e a ­ c h e r a d j u s t m e n t w h ich s h o u ld be r e f e r r e d to s p e c i a l i s t s ; h o w e v e r, t h e m a j o r i t y o f p r o b le m s t h a t c o n f r o n t c h i l d r e n i n t h e c l a s s r o o m can be u n d e r s t o o d and a d j u s t e d by t e a c h e r s w i t h g u id a n c e t r a i n i n g , . The way to w a rd sound m e n ta l h y g ie n e i s p o i n t e d by Ryan when he recom mends: " C o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r sound p h y s i c a l h e a l t h i s one o f t h e f i r s t e s s e n t i a l s i n m e n t a l h e a l t h " ; 16 " s e c u r i t y an d f r i e n d l i n e s s i n th e c l a s s r o o m " ; 1 ^ " a n d e a c h c h i l d an i n d i v i d u a l . " 18 He s t a t e s f u r t h e r :

16 WT”C a rs o n Ryan, M e n ta l H e a l t h T hrough E d u c a t i o n (New Y ork: The Commonwealth F u n d , 1938) , p . SO'. 17

I b i d . , p . 31,

18

I b i d . , p . 35

I f b e h a v io r i s caused; i f i t can, w ith in l i m i t s , be c o n t r o l l e d ; i f c h a n g e s i n human b e i n g s can be made th r o u g h th e p r o c e s s e s o f e d u c a t i o n w i t h t h e i n ­ d i v i d u a l on t h e b a s i s o f w hat he i s a n d w h at he may becom e, w i t h due r e g a r d f o r d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e r a t e o f g ro w th and d e v e lo p m e n t, t h e n th e way i s o p en f o r a more e f f e c t i v e u s e o f e d u c a t i o n f o r m e n t a l h e a l t h . I t becom es p o s s i b l e t o t h i n k o f th e s c h o o l , i n i t s ev ery d ay a c t i v i t i e s , a s h e lp in g th e c h i ld to f r e e h i m s e l f g r a d u a l l y fro m th e d e p e n d e n c e o f i m m a t u r i t y ; a s a i d i n g h i m s e l f to , d e v e lo p w i t h i n h i m s e l f p o w e rs o f a d j u s t m e n t t h a t w i l l e n a b l e him to m e et c e r t a i n t y p e s o f d i f f i c u l t i e s t h a t w i l l p e r s i s t i n th e w o rld i n s p i t e o f any econom ic and s o c i a l im p ro v em en ts t h a t may be made; a s a s s i s t i n g th e c h i l d t o be r e ­ s o u r c e f u l , t o hav e c o u r a g e and s e l f - c o n t r o l , to l e a r n to f a c e r e a l i t y .

1 9 I b i d . . p p . 47-48

CHAPTER III CASE OF SUE I . INTRODUCTION\ Sue i s a v e r y s a d l o o k i n g c h i l d who se ld o m s m i l e s o r la u g h s *

She s u c k s h e r thumb c o n t i n u o u s l y and t r i e s to h i d e

th is a c tio n .

When e v e ry o n e i n th e c l a s s iss l i s t e n i n g t o a

s t o r y , sh e w i l l go q u i e t l y t o t h e c lo a k ro o m and s i t on t h e f l o o r o r c l e a n th e s i n k i f i t i s d i r t y ;

She l i k e s t o s t a y

a f t e r s c h o o l and h e l p c l e a n th e room. I I . , HOME BACKGROUND F a m ily .

The p a r e n t s a r e d i v o r c e d , and t h e m o th e r and

c h i l d r e n l i v e w ith h e r p a r e n t s .

The m o th e r i s en g a g ed t o be

m a r r i e d a s so o n a s h e r d i v o r c e i s f i n a l .

The f u t u r e f a t h e r

i n d i c a t e d much i n t e r e s t i n Sue by a s k i n g q u e s t i o n a b o u t h e r work an d s o c i a l a d j u s t m e n t i n t h e c l a s s .

T here i s a n o l d e r

s i s t e r i n t h e t h i r d g r a d e an d a y o u n g e r b r o t h e r who i s s i x y e a rs o ld .

The o l d e r s i s t e r a c c o r d i n g t o r e p o r t s fro m h e r

t e a c h e r , i s an a v e r a g e s t u d e n t an d w e l l a d j u s t e d i n s c h o o l . The m o th e r s a y s t h a t th e g r a n d p a r e n t s a r e v e r y p a r t i a l t o th e o ld e r g i r l . and a l m o s t b l i h d .

The y o u n g e r b r o t h e r i s m e n t a l l y r e t a r d e d The m o th e r i s t r y i n g to g e t t h i s c h i l d

i n a m e n t a l h o s p i t a l . The boy c r i e s a t n i g h t and k e e p s t h e

14 two g i r l s aw ake;

The m o th e r f e e l s t h a t Sue i s n e g l e c t e d ,

b u t sh e t h i n k s t h a t when t h e boy i s i n a h o s p i t a l , sh e can g i v e more tim e t o S u e . The m o th e r i s t h i r t y - s e v e n y e a r s o f a g e , r a t h e r a t ­ t r a c t i v e , n e a t , q u i e t , h i g h s c h o o l g r a d u a t e , and a p p e a r e d t o be i n t e r e s t e d an d c o n c e r n e d a b o u t S u e.

The m o th e r m e n tio n e d

t h e f a c t t h a t sh e a lw a y s spoke t o Sue a b o u t s u c k i n g h e r thum b. Economic s t a t u s o f t h e home. f i v e room f r a m e , p l a i n l y f u r n i s h e d .

The home i s a s m a l l , I t was b u i l t t e n y e a r s

b e f o r e t h e r a p i d d e v e lo p m e n t and i n c r e a s e d i n t e r e s t i n t h i s area.

Many a t t r a c t i v e homes have b e e n - b u i l t n e a r b y s i n c e

t h i s tim e .

The h o u se i s b a d l y i n n e e d o f p a i n t an d t h e r o o f

i s p atch ed .

The y a r d i s c l u t t e r e d w i t h ju n k and h a s l i t t l e

g r a s s on t h e g r o u n d . The g r a n d p a r e n t s a r e w o r k in g , and t h e r e is- no income fro m t h e f a t h e r .

Sue h a s e x p r e s s e d t h e d e s i r e t o p u r c h a s e

m i l k a t s c h o o l b u t s a i d t h a t h e r m o th e r would n o t l e t h e r . M e d ic in e f o r a s o r e on t h e mouth was s e n t home by th e n u r s e b e c a u s e Sue s t a t e d t h a t h e r m o th e r c o u ld n o t buy a n y . The g i r l s a r e a lw a y s s e n t t o s c h o o l d r e s s e d i n c l e a n , f a i r l y a t t r a c t i v e , e o tto n d r e s s e s . R e l i g i o n , r e c r e a t i o n and c u l t u r e .

A l l a r e members

o f th e M e t h o d i s t C h u rc h , b u t do n o t a t t e n d s e r v i c e s r e g u l a r ­ ly .

The g i r l s se ld o m go t o town an d o n l y s e e a m ovie when

15 th e f u t u r e f a t h e r t a k e s th em .

The m o th e r h o w ls now t h a t

sh e h a s someone t o t a k e h e r . III.

STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL /

P h y sic a l.

S l e n d e r , sa n d y c o m p le x io n , b lo n d h a i r , and

sm a ll b lu e e y e s . C.A. 6 - 9 ; h e i g h t , 4 8 ; w e i g h t , 5 3 . Nose and T h r o a t : Need a t t e n t i o n . E a r s : N o rm al. E y e s : 2 0 /2 0 v i s i o n i n b o t h e y e s . T e e th : Need a t t e n t i o n . D e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y .

H e a l t h y p r e g n a n c y , n o rm al

b i r t h , b r e a s t f e d f o r s i x w ee k s.

Walked a t 17 m o n th s , t a l k e d

a t 11 m o n th s , t o i l e t h a b i t s a t 18 m o n th s . H e a lth . so u n d ly .

M e a s l e s , w hooping c o u g h .

Does n o t s l e e p

L i k e s a l l fo o d g e n e r a l l y . E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y .

F i g h t s when sh e d o e s n o t g e t

h e r own way. IV . A tte n d a n c e .

SCHOOL HISTORY

73 d a y s o u t o f 9 1 .

D e t r o i t F i r s t G rade T e s t .

C .A . 6 - 9 , M.A. 6 - 5 , I . Q .

94. K uhlm an-A nderson I n v e n t o r y . I .Q . 105.

O.A. 7 - 6 , M.A. 7 - 7 ,

O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by p r e v i o u s t e a c h e r s .

J u n e 1948

s u c k s thum b, l a c k s s e c u r i t y , moody; J a n u a r y 1 9 4 9 : s u c k s thum b, v e r y im m ature i n r e s p o n d i n g ; J u n e 1949: s t i l l s u c k s thum b, im m a tu re ; J a n u a r y 19 50 : v e r y q u i e t , a lw a y s w a n ts t o h e l p , seems i n s e c u r e , s t i l l s u c k s thumb. O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by h e r p r e s e n t t e a c h e r . F e b r u a r y 1950 u n t i l May 1 95 0 . 1 . C la s s r o o m . Sue d i d n o t come to t h e r e a d i n g c i r c l e f o r t h r e e w e e k s.

She w ould s l i p q u i e t l y i n t o th e c lo a k ro o m an d s i t

on t h e f l o o r .

She was a s k e d s e v e r a l tim e.s i f she w ould l i k e

to re ad w ith a g ro u p .

A f t e r t h r e e w e e k s, sh e came t o t h e

r e a d i n g c i r c l e b u t c h o s e a r e a d i n g g ro u p abo v e h e r r e a d i n g a b ility .

She w ould s i t q u i e t l y w i t h h e r thumb i n h e r mouth

c o v e rin g th e l a t t e r w ith h e r f i n g e r s . p resse d to rea d .

No d e s i r e was e x ­

By t a l k i n g t o Sue and show ing h e r t h e new

book h e r own r e a d i n g g ro u p was a b o u t t o r e a d , s h e came t o s i t th e re .

She h a s a t t e n d e d r e g u l a r l y and h a s b e e n i n t e r e s ­

te d in re a d in g w ith t h i s g ro u p .

She h o l d s h e r book w i t h two

h a n d s an d i s se ld o m s e e n s u c k in g h e r thum b. She l i k e s t o p a i n t and work w i t h c l a y d u r i n g h e r f r e e c h o ice p e r io d .

She u s u a l l y p a i n t s p i c t u r e s o f h o u s e s

and m akes f u r n i t u r e w i t h c l a y . p a i n t w ith o th e r c h i ld r e n .

She d o e s n o t l i k e t o s h a r e

She g e t s a l l th e c o l o r s t h a t she

l i k e s an d p u t s them on h e r e a s e l ; an d e v e n th o u g h sh e d o e s

17 n o t u s e a l l t h e c o l o r s , sh e w i l l n o t s h a r e th e m .

I f sh e

p a i n t s a p i c t u r e s h e l i k e s , sh e w a n ts to t a k e i t home; o t h e r ­ w ise , i t

i s t o r n up q u i c k l y .

Sue p a i n t e d t h e i r c l a y f o r m s .

Many c h i l d r e n c o m p la in e d t h a t She i s n o t t o o s u c c e s s f u l

w i t h c l a y ; h o w e v e r, sh e d i d make a h a t and p a i n t e d i t w i t h *

many b r i g h t c o l o r s .

The h a t was p u t o n d i s p l a y i n t h e room.

She s p i l l s p a i n t an d c l a y b u t c l e a n s i t up w i t h o u t b e i n g to ld . I f a e h i l d i s a b s e n t who b u y s m i l k , Sue i s c a r e f u l t o n o t i c e t h i s and a s k s t o t t h e m i l k s a y i n g t h a t she w i l l b r i n g th e money;

She o n ly b r o u g h t t h e money tw ic e f o r a l l

th e m il k s h e h a s t a k e n .

She b o u g h t m i l k f o r two w e e k s; and

e a c h day a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f lu n c h t i m e , sh e w alk e d a ro u n d t h e room w i t h th e c a r t o n on h e r h e a d . 2 ; P la y g r o u n d . D u r in g th e f i r s t two w eeks o f t h i s s e m e s t e r , Sue was t h e l a s t c h i l d to l e a v e th e p l a y g r o u n d when t h e b e l l r a n g an d was o f t e n l a t e t o c l a s s . t e a c h e r s t o w a lk w i t h them .

She was e n c o u r a g e d by t h e y a r d She was g i v e n t h e d u ty o f o p e n ­

i n g t h e d o o r a t t h e end o f r e c e s s and was t h u s u s u a l l y on tim e . The r i n g s an d t h e c l i m b i n g l a d d e r f o r t h e u p p e r g ra d e s f a s c i n a t e d Sue.

She p r e f e r r e d t o p l a y on t h e m o st

d i f f i c u l t e q u ip m e n t w h ic h t h e u p p e r g r a d e s w ere p e r m i t t e d to use.

T e a c h e r s on d u t y w ere c o n s t a n t l y s e n d i n g h e r t o t h e

18 p rim a ry a r e a ,

When sh e p l a y e d w i t h h e r own g r o u p , sh e f r e ­

q u e n t l y w ould h av e a t a n t r u m and f i g h t e v e n th o u g h sh e was i n t h e w ro n g , 7 . SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Sue h a s t r i e d v e r y h a r d t o f i n d s e c u r i t y i n s c h o o l th is y ear.

She h a s t r i e d t o make f r i e n d s w ith c l a s s m a t e s

and i s v e r y w i l l i n g t o c l e a n th e f l o o r e v e n when someone e l s e s p i l l s th e p a i n t .

She was e n c o u r a g e d and d o e s f e e l some d e ­

g ree o f su ccess in h e r read in g a b i l i t y ;

s h e was e n c o u ra g e d

to e x p e r i m e n t w i t h c o l o r s r a t h e r t h a n p a i n t fo rm s o r s c e n e s . By n e x t y e a r sh e s h o u ld b e r e a d y t o p a i n t i d e a s f a i r l y w e l l . T h ere seem s t o be a p o s s i b i l i t y o f a change o f s t a t u s f o r h e r i n t h e home.

I f t h i s chang e i s m ade, Sue may f i n d

more l o v e , a t t e n t i o n , a n d c a r e g i v e n t o h e r .

T h is w i l l g i v e

h e r more s e c u r i t y a t home, a n d sh e w i l l n o t h a v e t o f e e l t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r g e t t i n g so much l o v e , a t t e n t i o n , an d c a r e a t sc h o o l.

I f t h e r e i s n o t a change made w i t h i n th e f a m i l y ,

th e t e a c h e r w i l l f i n d i t n e c e s s a r y t o e n c o u ra g e and d e v e lo p h e r b e s t i n t e r e s t s , and t o h e l p h e r f i n d a s u c c e s s f u l way o f b e l o n g i n g t o th e g r o u p .

CHAPTER IV CASE OF JACK I . INTRODUCTION J a c k i s a v e r y c o m ic a l l o o k i n g c h i l d w i t h r e d h a i r a lw a y s h a n g in g i n h i s f a c e , many f r e c k l e s m e rg in g i n t o o n e , s h i r t t a i l h a n g in g o u t , s m i l i n g w i t h a s i l l y g r i n and r o l l ­ in g h i s b r ig h t b lu e e y e s .

He c a n be t h e clow n i n t h e c l a s s

o r a q u i e t s i t t e r on t h e f l o o r w a tc h in g a bug c r a w l a r o u n d . He i s one o f t h e " d a y d r e a m e r s ” i n th e c l a s s . I I . HOME BACKGROUND F a m ily .

J a c k h a s a good h e r i t a g e .

H is f a t h e r i s an

a u d i o - v i s u a l t e c h n i c i a n , a c o l l e g e g r a d u a t e , an d h a s many h o b b ie s.

H is m o th e r i s a c o l l e g e . g r a d u a t e .

The p a r e n t s

a r e young an d sp e n d much tim e w i t h J a c k a n d a y o u n g e r b r o ­ t h e r who i s t h r e e y e a r s o f a g e .

The f a t h e r s p e n d s much tim e

h e l p i n g J a c k do homework t h a t h a s b e e n p u r c h a s e d a t a book­ s t o r e . H i s f a t h e r h a s him s t u d y s p e l l i n g , a r i t h m e t i c , and read in g .

When J a c k a r r i v e s home fro m s c h o o l , h i s m o th e r

h e l p s on t h e work books so h i s f a t h e r c a n c h e c k them a t n ig h t.

H is m o th e r d o e s n o t b e l i e v e i n t h i s w o rk , b u t sh e

s t a t e d t h a t i t h ad b e e n n e c e s s a r y to a g r e e w i t h t h e f a t h e r . H is m o th e r h a s r e c e n t l y s t a r t e d w o rk in g p a r t tim e i n a n

o ffic e .

A n e i g h b o r i s t a k i n g c a r e o f t h e two boy s when

i s away.

sh e

H is m o th e r i s a ca lm , d i g n i f i e d p e r s o n and seems

t o have a g r e a t d e a l o f p a t i e n c e .

H is f a t h e r i s s m a l l i n

s t a t u r e , w a lk s r a p i d l y , h e a d e r e c t and a p p e a r s t o be v e r y sure o f h im s e lf. in h is sta te m e n ts.

When h i s f a t h e r s p e a k s , he i s v e r y f i r m He d o e s n o t sp a n k J a c k , and he s t a t e d

t h a t h e h a d t r i e d t h i s m ethod and i t d i d n o t w ork.

F or pu­

n is h m e n t h i s f a t h e r g i v e s him e x t r a d u t y a ro u n d t h e h o u s e o r h a s him go w i t h o u t d e s s e r t . The p a r e n t s e x p r e s s and show l o v e f o r th e two b o y s . Economic s t a t u s o f t h e home. t h e i r home th r o u g h a v e t e r a n ’ s l o a n . t i v e w i t h f i v e rooms n i c e l y f u r n i s h e d . f r o n t la w n w i t h g r a s s and s h r u b b e r y .

T h is f a m i l y i s b u y in g The h o u se i s a t t r a c ­ T h ere i s a b a c k and The f a t h e r makes a

m o d e r a te s a l a r y and t h e m o th e r i s w o rk in g p a r t tim e now. J a c k h a s s t a t e d t h a t h i s m o th e r i s w o rk in g so th e y c a n buy a new c a r .

J a c k w e a rs o l d c l o t h e s t o s c h o o l b u t d o e s h a v e

new and good o n e s .

H is f a t h e r b r o u g h t him t o o p en h o u s e a t

s c h o o l w e l l d r e s s e d w ith h i s h a i r combed. R e l i g i o n , r e c r e a t i o n and c u l t u r e .

A l l a r e members

o f th e C h r i s t i a n S c i e n c e C hu rch an d a t t e n d s e r v i c e s r e g u ­ la rly .

The f a t h e r an d t h e b o y s spen d S un day s on a l a k e and

a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n a m o to r b o a t .

Jack u s u a lly h as a very

e x c i t i n g s t o r y to t e l l on Monday a b o u t h i s m o to r b o a t e x p e ­ rie n c e s.

The f a t h e r s p e n d s much tim e m aking m o d e l a i r p l a n e s

and b o a t s .

The f a m i l y s p e n d s many e v e n in g s w a tc h in g a u d i o ­

v is u a l film s. I I I . STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL P h y sic a l.

S l e n d e r , r e d h a i r , f r e c k l e d , f a i r com­

p l e x i o n , and b r i g h t b l u e e y e s . C.A. 6 - 1 1 . No p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n h a s b e e n g i v e n .

In fo rm a tio n

was g i v e n t o th e p a r e n t s t h a t l a c k h e l d h i s book to o c l o s e to h i s ey es w h ile re a d in g . D e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y . b irth ,

b re a s t fed.

W alked a t 13 m o n th s , t a l k e d a t 18 m o n th s .

E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y . speaks

H e a l t h y p r e g n a n c y , n o rm a l

back- w i t h s h a r p w o rd s .

C r i e s when sp o k e n to f i r m l y o r S ay s many t h i n g s i n a mumb­

l i n g to n e w h ich c a n n o t be u n d e r s t o o d . IV . SCHOOL HISTORY A tte n d a n c e .

88 d a y s o u t o f 9 1 .

D e t r o i t F i r s t G rade T e s t .

C.A. 6 - 8 , M.A. 6 - 8 ,

I .Q . 100. O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by p r e v i o u s t e a c h e r s .

January

1950: no s e l f - c o n f i d e n c e ; a lw a y s s a y s , ” 1 c s n ' t " ; i s h a r d t o p e r s u a d e him t h a t he c a n ; i s c a p a b l e o f d o in g good w ork. O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by h i s p r e s e n t t e a c h e r . F e b r u a r y 1950 u n t i l May 19 5 0 .

22 1 . C lassroo m * J a c k g i v e s t h e i m p r e s s i o n o f b e i n g v e r y t i r e d ; he p r e f e r s t o s p r a w l o u t on t h r e e c h a i r s r a t h e r t h a n s i t i n o n e . He was a s k e d when he w ent to bed and s a i d t h a t m o st n i g h t s he w ent t o b ed a t t w e l v e , s i n c e h e h ad t o s e e a m ovie when h i s f a t h e r b r o u g h t one home.

T h is i n f o r m a t i o n was c h e c k e d ,

and i t was fo u n d t h a t J a c k w ent t o b ed e v e r y n i g h t a t e i g h t . He f r o w n s , s g u i n t s h i s e y e s and h o l d s h i s book n e a r when he reads.

He s a t i n th e r e a d i n g c i r c l e f o r a week w i t h o u t

m akin g any e f f o r t o r show ing an y i n t e r e s t i n r e a d i n g .

He

was f i n a l l y c a l l e d on t o r e a d and s a i d t h a t he c o u l d n o t do it.

He was e n c o u ra g e d and h e l p e d by t h e t e a c h e r and was

r a t h e r s u c c e s s f u l i n r e a d i n g th e r e s p o n s e t o t h e q u e s t i o n asked.

He se ld o m k e e p s t h e p l a c e w h i l e a t t e n d i n g th e r e a d -

in g c i r c l e . D u rin g h i s work p e r i o d w hich i s a f o l l o w up on h i s r e a d i n g ; he s t a r t s w o r k in g , c h a t s w i t h h i s n e i g h b o r , t e a r s up s e v e r a l p a p e r s w h ich he h a s s t a r t e d , and f i n a l l y t u r n s i n an i n c o m p le te p a p e r . F o llo w in g t h e work p e r i o d , he h a s f r e e c h o i c e t o do s o m e th in g t h a t he l i k e s .

He e i t h e r s i t s on t h e f l o o r w a t­

c h i n g an i n s e c t he h a s b r o u g h t i n t o th e room o r draw s p l a n e s or b o a ts.

He would s i t f o r h o u r s i f p e r m i t t e d an d w a tc h a

bug c r a w l .

When d r a w i n g , h e makes u n u s u a l f a c i a l e x p r e s ­

s i o n s an d so u n d s w i t h e v e r y s t r o k e o f t h e c r a y o n , i m i t a t i n g

23

t h e so u n d s o f t h e o b j e c t he i s d r a w in g . J a c k l i s t e n s t o s t o r i e s b e i n g r e a d a s i f he w ere i n a tra n c e . face.

He d o e s n o t move a n d h a s a s e r i o u s l o o k on h i s

He p r e f e r s f a n t a s t i c t o r e a l l i f e

s t o r i e s . He u s u a l ­

l y g i v e s some f a n t a s t i c e n d in g t o r e a l s t o r i e s . J a c k s l i p p e d o u t o f c l a s s one d ay t a k i n g h i s lu n c h w i t h him .

He was n o t m is s e d u n t i l a f t e r n o o n and was fo u n d

o u t s i d e th e room.

He was a s k e d to r e t u r n , and when h e came

i n h e t o l d t h e c l a s s t h a t he h a d a s e c r e t t u n n e l w here he c o u ld s t a y .

He c r i e d l a t e r i n t h e day when a l l t h e c h i l d r e n

w ent t o have t h e i r t e e t h c h e c k e d and s t a t e d t h a t h-is m o th e r b e l i e v e d t h a t "God to o k c a r e o f h i s . "

When some c h i l d r e n

r e c e i v e d g o l d s t a r s f o r p e r f e c t t e e t h , J a c k w a n te d t o know why he d i d n o t g e t o n e . 2 . P la y g r o u n d . Ja c k u s u a l l y p la y s w ith i n s e c t s .

He C a tc h e s them

d u r i n g th e day an d p u t s them i n h i s lu n c h p a i l t o t a k e o u t a t noon.

He h a s no i n t e r e s t i n t h e p la y g r o u n d e q u ip m e n t. V. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS J a c k ’ s p a r e n t s seem t o e x p e c t a g r e a t d e a l fro m h im .

H is s t u d y i n g a t home i n d i c a t e s t h a t h e i s b e i n g p u s h e d w i t h . , s c h o o l a c c o m p l is h m e n ts .

He i s below a v e r a g e i n i n t e l l i g e n c e

and n e e d s t o f e e l s u c c e s s f u l i n th e work t h a t h e i s c a p a b le o f d o in g .

R a t h e r t h a n t r y t o s u c c e e d i n t h i s c a p a c i t y , he

m akes no e f f o r t a t a l l *

24 He seems t o g e t a s a t i s f a c t i o n o u t

o f d a y d re a m in g and a p p e a r s l i k e a d o w n a s a c o v e r f o r t h e la c k o f a c h ie v in g success*

H is p a r e n t s h a v e d e c i d e d t h a t

i f h e w i l l c o m p le te h i s work i n s c h o o l , i t w i l l n o t be n e ­ c e s s a r y t o do homework. read in g .

He h a s a c h i e v e d some s u c c e s s i n

He r e a d s much b e t t e r i f h e c a n s i t n e a r t h e t e a ­

c h e r , so sh e ca n w h i s p e r t h e w ords h e d o e s n o t know.

He

h a s b e e n g i v e n r e c o g n i t i o n by b e i n g c h o s e n to r u n s p e c i a l erran d s.

He c a n n o t be p r a i s e d b e f o r e t h e c l a s s b e c a u s e he

would o n l y a c t l i k e a clow n and t r y t o be f u n n y . l a c k and t h e t e a c h e r h a v e d i s c u s s e d i n s e c t s , and l a c k h a s d e c i d e d t h a t h e w i l l l e t them be f r e e t o f l y i n t h e classro o m .

He i s

r

o f t e n h e a rd c a u tio n in g th e o th e r c h i ld r e n

n o t t o h u r t t h e w in g s o f i n s e c t s so t h e y may c o n t i n u e t o fly . J a c k h a s b een e n c o u r a g e d t o u s e t h e p l a y g r o u n d e q u i p ­ m e n t, t o e n t e r i n t o

th e g ro u p g a m e s, and t o p l a y i n t h e

sa n d b o x . J a c k ’ s f u t u r e t e a c h e r may h av e t o c o n t i n u e t o make him t r y t h e t h i n g s t h a t he c a n a c c o m p l i s h and do w e l l .

CHAPTER V CASE OF NORMA I.

INTRODUCTION

Norma I s a b e a u t i f u l g i r l b u t i s a l l l e g s and a rm s . She l i k e s t o p l a y by h e r s e l f b u t i s a c c e p t e d by th e g r o u p . She i s v e r y t a l k a t i v e and w i g g l e s a g r e a t d e a l i n c l a s s . I I . HOME BACKGROUND F a m ily .

The p a r e n t s a r e s e p a r a t e d , and Norma l i v e s

w i t h h e r m o th e r d u r i n g t h e week and w ith h e r f a t h e r on th e w eekend .

The m o th e r l i v e s one b lo c k fro m th e f a t h e r .

S in c e

Norma i s a n o n l y c h i l d ; h e r m o th e r t a k e s tim e to h e l p h e r b a t h e , d r e s s and e a t .

The m o th e r s t a t e d t h a t i t was d i f ­

f i c u l t t o g e t Norma g o in g i n t h e m o rn in g so sh e w ould n o t be l a t e t o s c h o o l . The m o th e r i s a t a l l ,

s l e n d e r , p e ro x id e b lo n d .

d y e s h e r e y e l a s h e s and ey ebro w s b l a c k .

I n s p i t e o f a l l th e

b e a u t y p a r l o r a d d i t i o n s , she i s r a t h e r a t t r a c t i v e . t h e r i s l a r g e and s p e a k s w i t h a deep v o i c e . are p le a sa n t.

She

The f a ­

Both p a r e n t s

The f a t h e r and m o th e r a r e h i g h s c h o o l g r a ­

d u a te s. Economic s t a t u s o f t h e home.

The m o th e r l i v e s i n a

m o d e r a t e l y f u r n i s h e d , t h r e e room a p a r t m e n t

f o r f o r ty d o l-

y l a r s a m o n th .

She i s a b e a u t y o p e r a t o r e a r n i n g tw o jh u n d r e d

d o l l a r s a m o n th .

She r e c e i v e s f o r t y d o l l a r s a m onth fro m

h e r husbandto h e lp s u p p o rt The

Norma.

f a th e r l i v e s in a sm a ll,

cle a n t r a i l e r .

a m e c h a n ic a t L ockheed A i r c r a f t F a c t o r y ,

He i s

H is s a l a r y i s

t h r e e h u n d r e d an d f i f t y d o l l a r s a m o n th . The m o th e r s e n d s Norma t o s c h o o l w e a r in g a t t r a c t i v e d r e s s e s and b i g bows o f r i b b o n i n h e r c u r l e d h a i r . R e l i g i o n . r e c r e a t i o n and c u l t u r e ;

A l l th e members

o f th e f a m i l y a r e Roman C a t h o l i c s and a t t e n d s e r v i c e s r e g u ­ la rly .

The m o th e r a n d d a u g h t e r a t t e n d one e a r l y m ovie du­

r i n g t h e w eek.

The f a t h e r bow ls on W ednesday n i g h t s .

u s u a l l y t a k e s Norma t o th e p a r k on S u n d ay .

He

B o th - p a r e n t s

have a r a d i o , an d N o m a h a s a s m a l l r e c o r d p l a y e r .

The

m o th e r s e n d s Norma t o d a n c in g s c h o o l , III; P h y sic a l.

STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL L arg e b o n e s , l o n g arras an d

le g s , b ig

f e e t , b lo n d h a i r and t h i c k l i p s , C*A. 6 - 1 1 ; h e i g h t , 5 2; w e i g h t , 6 5. E y e s:

2 0 /2 0 v i s i o n i n b o t h e y e s .

A l l t e s t s show n o r m a l. D e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y .

H e a l t h y p r e g n a n c y , n o rm a l

d e l i v e r y , b r e a s t f e d f o r 9 m o n th s . a t 17 m o n th s .

W alked a t 1 y e a r , t a l k e d

27 H e a lth ,

M e a s l e s , c h i c k e n - p o x , w hooping c o u g h .

w e l l b u t d a w d le s .

E a ts

S l e e p s w e l l and i s d i f f i c u l t t o awaken

i n th e m o r n in g . E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y .

F i g h t s so m e tim es when sh e d o e s

n o t ag ree w ith o th e r c h i ld r e n . 1 7 . SCHOOL HISTORY A tte n d a n c e .

69 d a y s o u t o f 9 1 .

D e t r o i t F i r s t G rade T e s t .

C.A. 6 - 7 , M.A. 8 - 1 ,

I.Q . 123. O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by p r e v i o u s t e a c h e r s .

January

1 9 5 0 : Y ery t a l k a t i v e a n d a t e a s e b u t a good w o r k e r . O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by h e r p r e s e n t t e a c h e r .

F ebru­

a r y 1950 u n t i l May 1950. 1 . C la s s r o o m . Norma i s much t a l l e r t h a n m o st o f t h e g i r l s i n h e r c la ss.

When she i s r e a d i n g w i t h h e r g r o u p , sh e t w i n e s h e r

l e g s a r o u n d h e r c h a i r , w ra p s h e r arm s a b o u t h e r w a i s t , and h a s d i f f i c u l t y s i t t i n g s t i l l f o r t h e tw e n ty m in u te p e r i o d . She i s e a g e r t o r e a d and would h av e no f e e l i n g o f b e i n g u n­ f a i r i f she re a d th e e n t i r e le s s o n .

She r a i s e s h e r hand

e a c h tim e a q u e s t i o n i s a s k e d and n e v e r seem s t o d o u b t t h a t sh e w i l l be c a l l e d upon t o r e a d t h e r e s p o n s e .

She h a s a

g r e a t d e a l o f c o n fid e n c e in h e r re a d in g a b i l i t y .

Even

th o u g h she i s one o f th e b e s t r e a d e r s i n t h e g r o u p , sh e n e -

28 e r d i s p l a y s an y f e e l i n g o f s u p e r i o r i t y . Norma u s u a l l y s e l e c t s one o f t h r e e t h i n g s t o do du­ r i n g h e r f r e e - c h o i c e p e r i o d : p a i n t a t th e e a s e l , p l a y w i t h th e to y an im als t h a t a re u sed i n b lo c k p l a y , o r dance on th e p a t i o .

She so m e tim es f i g h t s when sh e c a n n o t h av e c e r ­

t a i n p a i n t s she w a n t s .

When sh e d a n c e s , sh e l o o k s i n t h e

g l a s s windows to w a tc h h e r p e r f o r m a n c e . 2 . P la y g r o u n d . Norma i s r a t h e r awkward i n th e u s e o f t h e p la y g r o u n d e q u ip m e n t.

H er arm s an d l e g s g e t i n h e r way*

She se ld o m

e n t e r s i n t o any ty p e o f games t h a t r e q u i r e t h e u s e o f a b a l l . She i s c o n t e n t e d t o p l a y i n th e san d b o x by h e r s e l f . V. SUMMARY AMD RECOMMENDATIONS Norma seems t o be so h ap p y w i t h h e r s e l f t h a t sh e d o e s n o t f e e l t h e n e c e s s i t y o f m ak in g f r i e n d s w i t h o t h e r c h ild re n .

She m u st l e a r n t o become s e n s i t i v e t o o t h e r p e r ­

s o n s , t o u n d e r s t a n d th e m , an d to l e a r n t h e p l e a s u r e t h a t may be d e r i v e d fro m know ing t h a t t h e y a r e e s s e n t i a l t o t h e h ap p in ess o f o th e r s . She r e c e i v e s t o o much p e r s o n a l a t t e n t i o n fro m h e r m o th e r and s h o u ld be g iv e n some d e f i n i t e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a t home.

She d o e s n o t t a l k a b o u t h e r m o th e r and f a t h e r a s m o st

c h ild re n do. se p a ra tio n .

She may n o t w is h t o l e t o t h e r s know a b o u t t h e

£9

N orm auneeds t o work on m u s c u l a r c o - o r d i n a t i o n ,

sh e

s h o u ld be e n c o u ra g e d to p l a y games r e q u i r i n g t h e u s e o f a la rg e b a l l .

She w i l l be i n t h e A-£ g r a d e n e x t y e a r and by

u s i n g th e u p p e r g r a d e p l a y g r o u n d e q u ip m e n t, sh e s h o u ld be a b l e t o d e v e lo p h e r l a r g e m u s c l e s . Norma i s n o t a s o c i a l p r o b le m now, b u t u n l e s s sh e e n t e r s more i n t o g ro u p p l a y and f e e l s s u c c e s s f u l i n p l a y i n g w i t h o t h e r c h i l d r e n , sh e may become o n e . s e r v e d c l o s e l y by h e r n e x t t e a c h e r .

She s h o u ld be o b ­

She may d e v e lo p a f e e l ­

i n g o f i n s e c u r i t y due t o t h e f a m i l y s i t u a t i o n .

CHAPTER VI CASE OF RHODA I . INTRODUCTION Rhoda i s a n o rm a l c h i l d , w e l l l i k e d by b o t h boys and g irls.

She g a i n s l e a d e r s h i p i n a q u i e t , p o s i t i v e w ay.

She

is n ot p r e t t y but i s very a t t r a c t i v e . I I . HOME BACKGROUND F a m ily .

The m o th e r l i v e s and w ork s i n N o r t h H o l l y -

%

wood.

The f a t h e r d i e d when Rhoda was a y e a r o l d .

The

g r a n d p a r e n t s k eep Rhoda d u r i n g t h e w eek and c o n s i d e r t h i s h e r home.

The c h i l d v i s i t s h e r m o th e r i n N o r t h H ollyw ood

f o r w e e k e n d s. The g r a n d m o th e r i s a c o l l e g e g r a d u a t e . n i f i e d , a t t r a c t i v e and a g r a c i o u s l a d y . a s i f sh e w ere h e r own d a u g h t e r .

She i s d i g ­

She r e a c t s t o Rhoda

She d o e s n o t s p o i l t h e

c h i l d a s a g r e a t many g r a n d p a r e n t s m ig h t l i k e t o d o ;

She

h a s g i v e n Rhoda d e f i n i t e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s I n t h e home an d sees t h a t th e se r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a re c a r r ie d o u t.

She g i v e s

Rhoda an a llo w a n c e o f o n e d o l l a r e a c h w eek t o buy r e c o r d s , b o o k s , o r w h a te v e r Rhoda w ould l i k e to h a v e .

The g r a n d ­

m o th e r an d Rhoda d i s c u s s ea ch week t h e v a l u e o f R hodar s p u rch ases.

She d o e s n o t s p a n k Rhoda f o r d i s c i p l i n e b u t t a l k s

31 o v e r t h e p r o b le m w i t h t h e c h i l d ,

s h e seems f i r m w i t h d e a l ­

i n g w i t h b e h a v i o r p r o b l e m s , b u t i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h l o v e an d a f f e c t i o n f o r th e c h ild . Econom ic s t a t u s i n th e home. t h e i r s i x room h o u s e . m o d ern .

The g r a n d p a r e n t s own

I t i s a t t r a c t i v e , c o m f o r t a b l e and

One bedroom b e l o n g s t o Rhoda.

room a s w e l l a s a s l e e p i n g room. b o o k c a se and two s m a l l c h a i r s .

T h is room i s a p l a y ­

T h e re i s a r e c o r d p l a y e r , The d e c o r a t i o n and f u r n i ­

tu r e a re in e x p e n siv e b u t a t t r a c t i v e . The g r a n d f a t h e r i s a c a r p e n t e r and w orks r e g u l a r l y . H is income i s a v e r a g e .

The m o th e r i s a s e c r e t a r y and co n ­

t r i b u t e s f i f t e e n d o l l a r s a week t o t h e s u p p o r t o f h e r d au g h ­ te r. Rhoda w e a rs c o t t o n d r e s s e s t o s c h o o l .

She i s n e a t

and c l e a n b u t n o t e x p e n s i v e l y d r e s s e d . R e l i g i o n , r e c r e a t i o n and c u l t u r e .

A l l a r e members

o f t h e M e t h o d i s t C hurch and t h e y a t t e n d s e r v i c e s r e g u l a r l y . Rhoda h a s sp o k e n t o s e v e r a l c h i l d r e n a b o u t how much she e n ­ j o y s g o in g to. S unday s c h o o l . The g r a n d p a r e n t s b e lo n g t o s e v e r a l c l u b s , p l a y c a ­ n a s t a an d go to th e m o v ie s once a w eek.

T h e re a r e m a g a z in e s ,

b ooks and a t e l e v i s i o n s e t i n t h e home. I I I . STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL P h y sic a l.

A b r i g h t , e n g a g in g s m i l e , f a i r c o m p le x io n ,

32 brown h a i r , a v e r a g e b u i l d . C.A. 6 - 7 ; h e i g h t , 5 0 ; w e i g h t , 60. F e e t:

sa tisfa c to ry .

V ery f l e x i b l e a r c h .

A l l o t h e r t e s t s show n o r m a l. D e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y . b ir th , b o ttle fed.

H e a l t h y p r e g n a n c y , n o rm a l

C h i l d v e r y much w a n te d .

Walked a t 18

m o n th s , t a l k e d a t 12 m o n th s , t o i l e t h a b i t s a t 17 m o n th s . H e a lth .

C h ic k e n p o x , m e a s l e s .

S l e e p s s o u n d ly .

Good a p p e t i t e and l i k e s a l l fo o d g e n e r a l l y . Im o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y .

Y ery c a lm , p o s i t i v e r e a c t i o n s .

IY . SCHOOL HISTORY A tte n d a n c e .

82 d a y s o u t o f 9 1 .

K uhlm an-A nderson I n v e n t o r y .

C.A. 7 - 1 , M.A. 8 - 2 ,

I . Q . 1 16 . O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by p r e v i o u s t e a c h e r s .

January

1950: v e r y d e p e n d a b le , good w o rk e r, g e t s a l o n g w e l l w i t h th e gro u p ; O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by h e r p r e s e n t t e a c h e r .

F eb ­

r u a r y 1950 u n t i l May 1 9 5 0 ; 1 . C la s s ro o m . Rhoda i s an a v e r a g e c h i l d i n a c h ie v e m e n t i n th e c la ss.

She r e a d s w ith c o n f i d e n c e and f e e l s s u c c e s s f u l i n

th e h ig h e s t read in g g roup, a lth o u g h she i s no t a s u p e r io r read er;

She shows i n t e r e s t i n r e a d i n g t o th e g r o u p ; and

33 once sh e lias r e a d , i s w i l l i n g t o l i s t e n t o o t h e r s t a k e t h e i r tu r n *

She o f t e n re m in d s a n o t h e r c h i l d t o h o l d h i s b o o k .w i t h

two h a n d s an d t o u n c r o s s h i s l e g s *

She seems t o l o s e no

p o p u la r ity because o f t h i s a c tio n .

She i s v e r y w i l l i n g t o

h e l p h e r n e i g h b o r d u r i n g work p e r i o d s when sh e i s a s k e d f o r in fo rm a tio n .

She d o e s t h i s q u i e t l y an d q u i c k l y an d t h e n

r e t u r n s t o do h e r own w o rk. Rhoda s e l e c t s many a c t i v i t i e s d u r i n g h e r f r e e c h o i c e p e rio d . e lse .

When sh e f i n i s h e s one t h i n g , sh e s t a r t s s o m e th in g I f sh e d o e s n o t h a v e tim e t o c o m p le te a p a i n t i n g i n

one d a y , sh e w i l l s t a r t t h e n e x t d ay on t h e i n c o m p le te p i c ­ tu re .

She v a r i e s i n h e r t h o u g h t s and i d e a s i n p a i n t i n g .

She i s a v e r a g e i n p a i n t i n g a b i l i t y . s l i g h t l y ab o v e a v e r a g e i n c l a y . i n m a k in g a S c o t t i e d o g .

She d o e s work w h ic h i s

She was q h i t e s u c c e s s f u l

She was p r a i s e d by th e c h i l d r e n ,

and i n r e t u r n , sh e j u s t s m i l e d and was p o l i t e .

Bhoda was

p r a i s e d b e f o r e t h e c l a s s j u s t o n ce by t h e t e a c h e r and seem­ ed t o be e m b a r r a s s e d . 2* P la y g r o u n d . Rhoda p l a y s w ith e v e ry o n e an d e n j o y s d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f gam es.

She l i k e s t o p l a y w i t h b o y s a s w e l l a s g i r l s and

in tu r n th e y l i k e to p la y w ith h e r . c u la r c o -o rd in a tio n .

She i s a v e r a g e i n mus­

She i s one o f th e gro u p and n o t " t h e ”

o u t s t a n d i n g l e a d e r t h a t a t e a c h e r m ig h t n o t i c e on y a r d d u t y . She i s one o f t h e few c h i l d r e n o f t h i s g ro u p t o r e t u r n t o

34 p l a y g r o u n d a c t i v i t i e s a f t e r s c h o o l# V. SUMMARY AM) RECOMMENDATIONS Rhoda i s a l e a d e r i n a q u i e t way#

She was c h o s e n

by t h e s i x c h i l d r e n on whom' s p e c i a l s t u d i e s w ere made* e v i d e n t l y s e t s an ex am p le f o r t h e s e c h i l d r e n .

She

She i s n o t

above a v e r a g e i n i n t e l l i g e n c e n o r a c h ie v e m e n t , a n d a few o f t h e c h i l d r e n who h a v e c h o s e n h e r c o u l d r e a c h t h i s a v e r a g e a c h ie v e m e n t .

She i s a b l e t o re p r im a n d t h e s e boys an d g i r l s

and s t i l l h a v e t h e i r f r i e n d s h i p , e v e n th o u g h sh e d o e s n o t p a r t i c u l a r l y care f o r i t . She may h a v e some m a t e r n a l i n f l u e n c e on t h e s e c h i l d ­ r e n s i n c e a t tim e s sh e i s q u i t e m a tu re i n h e r r e a c t i o n s and d e c isio n s .

She r e a c t s t o o t h e r c h i l d r e n a t t im e s

a s th o u g h

she w ere one o f a l a r g e f a m i l y . N o m a may h a v e c h o s e n Rhoda b e c a u s e sh e f e l t t h a t Rhoda was s u c c e s s f u l i n games a n d would l i k e t o s u c c e e d i n th is a c tiv ity . Sue may h av e c h o s e n Rhoda a s a f r i e n d t o s e c u r e some m a tu r e l o v e and a f f e c t i o n . J a c k may h av e c h o s e n Rhoda b e c a u s e sh e i s i n t e r e s t e d i n bugs a l s o . E m ily may h av e c h o s e n Rhoda b e c a u s e sh e h a s many a t t r a c t i v e books an d i n t e r e s t i n g r e c o r d s t o b r i n g t o s c h o o l . Agnes may h a v e c h o s e n Rhoda b e c a u s e Rhoda i s v e r y p a t i e n t

and k in d t o h e r , Ted may h a v e c h o s e n Rhoda b e c a u s e o f t h e a t t e n t i o n he r e c e i v e s upon dem and, e v e n when h e r a t t e n t i o n i s a r e p ­ rim a n d . Rhoda m ig h t h a v e been c h o s e n by th e s i x c h i l d r e n f o r t h e above r e a s o n s a n d many o t h e r s o f w hich t h e t e a c h e r i s n o t a w a re .

Rhoda i s i m p o r t a n t t o th e t e a c h e r i n t h a t sh e

i s c o n s i d e r e d a n a v e r a g e c h i l d and; was c h o sen by some o f t h e c h i l d r e n i n t h e c l a s s who h a v e l e a s t a d j u s t e d t o g ro u p l i f e . Rhoda may be a b l e w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e t e a c h e r t o h e l p th e s e c h i l d r e n a d j u s t b e t t e r to group l i f e .

CHIPTER VII CASE OF AGNES I.

INTRODUCTION

Agnes c r i e s when someone h u r t s h e r f e e l i n g s and i s a c o n sta n t ta le b e a re r.

She d o e s n o t show good ju d g e m e n t

a b o u t t h e t h i n g s sh e w h i s p e r s t o th e t e a c h e r . I I . HOME BACKGROUND F a m ily . she.

Agnes h a s one s i s t e r seVen y e a r s o l d e r th a n

The m o th e r i s . e x t r e m e l y e m o t i o n a l , n e r v o u s and s e n t i ­

m e n ta l.

She s t a t e d t h a t sh e h a d a lw a y s l i v e d i n B ro o k ly n

b u t h ad made up h e r mind t o l i k e i t i n C a l i f o r n i a .

She

t a l k e d a good d e a l a b o u t h e r s e l f ; a n d when Agnes t r i e d t o s a y s o m e th in g , h e r m o th e r scre am e d a t h e r w i t h o u t m aking a n a t t e m p t to f i n d o u t w hat sh e w a n te d . and g e n e r o u s .

The h u sb a n d i s k in d

He se ld o m c o r r e c t s th e c h i l d r e n .

a r e d e v o t e d to e a c h o t h e r . d r e s s i s n o t i n good t a s t e .

The g i r l s

B oth p a r e n t s a r e f a t , and t h e i r The m o th e r s t a t e d t h a t she

u s e d t o w e a r a s i z e 14 d r e s s , b u t now s h e h a s t o w e a r a s iz e 18.

She seemed u n h ap p y a b o u t t h i s . The m o th e r m e n tio n e d th e f a c t t h a t Agnes was l a t e

t o s c h o o l one day b e c a u s e s h e u p s e t t h e c h i l d r e n by s a y i n g mean t h i n g s t o th em .

She c a l l e d them b ac k a f t e r th e y had

37 s t a r t e d t o s c h o o l t o e x p l a i n why sh e h ad b e e n so m ean.

The

m o th e r s t a t e d t h a t h e r m o th e r had a lw a y s c a u s e d h e r u n h a p p i ­ n e s s and t h a t she d i d n o t w ant h e r c h i l d r e n t o be unhappy because o f h e r .

The m o th e r s p a n k s t h e g i r l s so m etim es when

sh e i s to o n e r v o u s t o s t a n d t h e n o i s e .

Both p a r e n t s a r e

h ig h sc h o o l g r a d u a te s . Econom ic s t a t u s o f t h e home. rooms w i t h a l a r g e b a c k y a r d ;

The home h a s s i x s m a l l

The h o u s e i s i n n eed o f p a i n t .

The f a t h e r h a s s t a r t e d m ak in g b o o k c a s e s and c o r n i c e s f o r t h e l i v i n g room. p a ir.

The f u r n i t u r e i s i n p o o r t a s t e and n e e d s r e ­

The h o u s e i s d i r t y .

The home c o u l d be a t t r a c t i v e .

The l o c a t i o n i s a v e r a g e . The f a t h e r i s a S i n g e r se w in g m a c h in e salesm an ;, a v e r a g i n g t h r e e h u n d re d d o l l a r s a m o n th .

The m o th e r h a s a

p o t t e r y shop w i t h a s m a l l k i l n i n th e g a r a g e .

She makes

i n t e r e s t i n g fo rm s and h a s a n u n u s u a l t a l e n t i n th e u s e o f g la z e .

She r e c e i v e s a s m a l l incom e fro m t h i s h o b b y . The g i r l s w e a r a t t r a c t i v e d r e s s e s to s c h o o l an d a l ­

ways b r i n g money f o r s p e c i a l o c c a s i o n s .

They b o th buy m i l k .

T h e re seems t o be no s h o r t a g e o f money f o r n e c e s s i t i e s . R e l i g i o n , r e c r e a t i o n and c u l t u r e . o f t h e J e w i s h C h u rch .

A l l a r e members

The f a t h e r a t t e n d s s e r v i c e s r e g u l a r l y .

The p a r e n t s bowl on Monday n i g h t s ; tim e i n h e r p o t t e r y s h o p .

The m o th e r sp e n d s much

She s t a t e d t h a t sh e h a t e d t o work

38 i n th e h o u se .

The g i r l s h a v e a r e c o r d p l a y e r and go t o t h e

m o v ie s e v e r y S a t u r d a y . I I I . STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL P h y sic a l.

B la c k h a i r ; d a r k , s a l l o w s k i n ; brown e y e s ,

H o arsenessaand n a s a l v o ic e . C.A. 6 - 4 ; h e i g h t , 4 5 ; w e i g h t , 4 5 . T o n s i l s and a d e n o i d s : c h r o n i c a l l y i n f e c t e d , n e e d a t ­ te n tio n . E y e s : 3 0 /3 0 v i s i o n i n b o t h e y e s . E a r s : 1 0 /1 0 h e a r i n g i n b o t h e a r s . D e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y .

N orm al p r e g n a n c y and b i r t h .

Weaned a t 9 m o n th s , w a lk e d a t 13 m o n th s , t a l k e d a t 14 m o n th s . P r e g n a n c y was a s u r p r i s e and n o t w a n te d . E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y .

A gnes d o e s n o t s e t t l e h e r d i s ­

a g r e e m e n ts w i t h o t h e r c h i l d r e n , b u t sh e comes c r y i n g t o t h e te a c h e r w ith a l l h e r p ro b le m s.

She l i k e s to t e l l th e t e a ­

c h e r when o t h e r c h i l d r e n h a v e n o t c o m p lie d w ith t h e s t a n ­ d a r d s o f th e room a n d t h e r u l e s o f t h e p la y g r o u n d . IV. SCHOOL HISTORY A tte n d a n c e .

87 d a y s o u t o f 9 1.

D e t r o i t ^F i r s t . vG ra d e r T e s t t I.Q,* 9 9 ,

C.A. 7 - 3 ; M.A. 7 - 6 ;

39 K uhlm an -A n d erso n I n v e n t o r y .

C.A. 7 - 2 , M.A. 7 - 6 ,

I .Q . 106. O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by p r e v i o u s t e a c h e r s .

January

1 94 9: a c h i l d i n t e r e s t e d i n a l l a c t i v i t i e s , l o v e s to t a l k , h a s r a t h e r a lo u d v o i c e , becomes o v e r - e x c i t e d . needs re c o g n itio n . c ita b le .

J a n u a r y 1950:

Wants and

a g r e a t t a l k e r , very ex­

A good w o rk e r an d t r i e s t o do t h e r i g h t t h in g * O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by h e r p r e s e n t t e a c h e r .

F eb ­

r u a r y 1950 u n t i l May,1 9 5 0 . \

1 . C la s s ro o m .

A gnes i s a c h i l d who w ould a lw a y s l e t th e t e a c h e r know t h a t sh e i s a r o u n d .

She l i k e s t o w h i s p e r t a l e s , and

sh e l i k e s t o t a l k b e f o r e t h e c l a s s .

I n th e re a d in g c i r c l e ,

sh e i s q u i e t y e t t a k e s h e r t u r n i n r e a d i n g to t h e g r o u p . She c h o s e a t f i r s t t o r e a d i n t h e h i g h e s t g r o u p .

She was

n o t p u s h e d i n t o h e r p r e s e n t g r o u p , b u t was moved w i t h two o th e r g i r l s to h e r p ro p e r l e v e l .

She was s u c c e s s f u l h e r e

and to o k a more a c t i v e p a r t i n r e a d i n g . t e r e s t and e n t h u s i a s m i n th e s t o r i e s . t e r t h a n h e r I . Q . w ould i n d i c a t e .

She showed i n ­ She r e a d s much b e t ­

She t r i e s v e r y h a r d and

i s e n c o u ra g e d a t home by h e r o l d e r s i s t e r . Agnes l i k e s t o p a i n t .

She w ould sp end h e r f r e e

c h o i c e p e r i o d p a i n t i n g i f t h e o t h e r c h i l d r e n w ould l e t h e r

40 u s e tJie e a s e l t h i s l o n g . an d g i r l s ;

She s h a r e s h e r p a i n t w i t h t h e boys

b u t when t h e y do n o t s h a r e w ith h e r , sh e i s u n ­

a b l e t o t a l k them i n t o d o in g s o .

s h e s p i l l s p a i n t on t h e

f l o o r and d r o p s h e r b r u s h o f t e n , b u t i s w i l l i n g t o c l e a n . She b r i n g s e a c h p a i n t i n g to th e t e a c h e r f o r r e c o g n i t i o n . S. P lay g ro u n d . Agnes p r e f e r s t o u s e t h e p la y g r o u n d e q u ip m e n t. She d o e s n o t e n t e r i n t o s o c i a l gam es.

She h a s d i s p u t e s w i t h

c h ild r e n ab o u t th e fo llo w in g o f r u l e s .

She i m m e d ia te l y r e ­

p o r t s t o t h e y a r d t e a c h e r a n y p e r s o n n o t c o n fo rm in g w i t h th e r u l e s .

She c r i e s e a s i l y when s h e i s h u r t , o r when some-

* one i s n o t b e i n g f a i r . V. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS U n c o n s c io u s ly t h e m o t h e r , by h e r e x tre m e e m o t i o n a l ­ is m , an d h e r n e r v o u s n e s s , i s c a u s i n g an u n f a v o r a b l e n e r v o u s r e a c t i o n i n th e c h i l d , a c tio n .

Agnes may c r y e a s i l y b e c a u s e o f t h i s

She p r o b a b l y t a l k s a g r e a t d e a l b e c a u s e sh e i s k e p t

fro m t a l k i n g a t home.

She n e e d s t o r e c e i v e r e c o g n i t i o n fro m

t h e g ro u p an d s t r i v e s t o r e c e i v e r e c o g n i t i o n fro m th e t e a ­ c h e r by b e i n g a t a l e b e a r e r , and i n t u r n sh e l o s e s r e c o g ­ n i t i o n fro m th e g r o u p .

She i s s u c c e s s f u l i n p a i n t i n g and

t h e t e a c h e r i n w o rk in g w i t h t h i s s u c c e s s , may be a b l e t o g i v e some r e c o g n i t i o n t h a t sh e n e e d s .

41 The t e a c h e r w i l l h a v e t o be c o n s i s t e n t i n a l l r e ­ l a t i o n s t o work and p l a y . i n a f f e c t i o n and l o v e .

She w i l l h av e t o be c o n s i s t e n t

She w i l l have t o h av e p a t i e n c e and

l i s t e n to th e d e s i r a b l e t h i n g s t h a t A gnes w is h e s t o s a y .

CHAPTER VIII CASE OF EMILY I . INTRODUCTION E m ily i s a v e r y g u i e t , u nh ap p y c h i l d .

She seems to

h av e n o t h i n g to s a y t o an yo ne and d o e s n o t c a r e t o t e l l any o f h e r e x p e rie n c e s to th e c l a s s .

She l i k e s t o s t a y a f t e r

s c h o o l ; h u t when sh e i s g iv e n a c l e a n - u p ;Job, s h e s t a r t s but does not f in is h ^ I I . HOME BACKGROUND F a m ily .

The f a t h e r and m o th e r o f IScaily a r e d i v o r c e d ,

b u t h e r m o th e r h a s r e m a r r i e d .

T h e re a r e t h r e e g i r l s by t h e

f i r s t h u sb a n d and one boy by t h e s e c o n d h u s b a n d .

The s t e p ­

f a t h e r and m o t h e r .h a v e b e e n l i v i n g i n A r i z o n a , b u t t h e t h r e e - g i r l s have l i v e d w ith t h e i r g ra n d p a re n ts in t h i s a r e a .

The

s t e p - f a t h e r h a s n o t a d o p te d t h e g i r l s , and th e y u s e t h e i r f a t h e r * s l a s t name. The m o th e r i s t h i r t y - n i n e y e a r s o f age an d th e s t e p ­ fa th e r is th irty -fiv e .

They a r e h i g h s c h o o l g r a d u a t e s .

m o th e r l o o k s t i r e d b u t i s c a lm , q u i e t and c l e a n .

The

The s t e p ­

f a t h e r u s e s Navy s l a n g . E m ily i s t h e m id d le g i r l .

The o l d e r g i r l i s i n t h e

F i f t h G rade and t h e y o u n g e r g i r l i s i n th e K i n d e r g a r t e n .

43 The o l d e r g i r l i s q u i e t ; a n d a c c o r d i n g t o h e r t e a c h e r , i s a n av erag e s tu d e n t.

The y o u n g e r g i r l i s v e r y t a l k a t i v e .

Sconom ic s t a t u s o f th e home.

The home i s a s m a l l ,

f i v e room fra m e d w e l l i n g , p o o r l y f u r n i s h e d . f o r t h i r t y - f i v e d o l l a r s a m o n th .

I t i s re n te d

The home i s i n t h e p o o r e s t

s e c t i o n o f t h i s d i s t r i c t and i s b a d l y i n n e e d o f r e p a i r . The home i s c l e a n a n d e v e r y t h i n g „i s i n p l a c e . The s t e p - f a t h e r w o rk s a t L ockheed A i r p o r t . an incom e o f two h u n d r e d and f i f t y d o l l a r s a m o n th .

He h a s He g i v e s

t h e t h r e e g i r l s m i l k money e a c h week. The g i r l s a r e a lw a y s c l e a n b u t n o t a t t r a c t i v e l y d ressed .

T h e re seems t o be a s h o r t a g e o f money. R e l i g i o n , r e c r e a t i o n and c u l t u r e .

The members o f

t h e f a m i l y do n o t b e lo n g to an y c h u r c h and t h e y h a v e no p r e ­ feren ce.

They do n o t own a r a d i o and do n o t h a v e m a g a z in e s

n o r b o ok s i n t h e home.

They sp e n d t h e i r l e i s u r e tim e d r i v ­

i n g and v i s i t i n g f r i e n d s o r r e l a t i v e s .

They so m e tim e s go

to a m o v ie . I I I . STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL P h y sic a l.

S l e n d e r , sa n d y c o m p le x io n , l a r g e b l u e

eyes, u n a ttra c tiv e . C.A. 6 - 7 ; h e i g h t , 50 ; w e i g h t , 4 8 . Nose and t h r o a t :

to n s ils in fe c te d ,

s'

E a r s : 1 0 /1 0 h e a r i n g i n e a c h e a r .

44 T e e th : c le a n in g needed. D e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y .

H e a l t h p r e g n a n c y , n o rm a l

b i r t h , b r e a s t f e d f o r s i x w e e k s.

Walked a t 17 m o n th s , t a l k ­

ed a t 11 m o n th s , t o i l e t h a b i t s a t SO m o n th s . H e a lth .

M e a s l e s , w hooping c o u g h .

l i k e s a l l food g e n e r a l l y .

S l e e p s w e l l , T-

B ite s h e r fin g e r n a ils .

E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y .

S eldom e x p r e s s e s e i t h e r p l e a ­

sure o r ch a g rin . IV . SCHOOL HISTORY A tte n d a n c e .

72 d a y s o u t o f 91 d a y s .

D e t r o i t F i r s t Grade T e s t .

C.A. 7 - 1 , M.A. 7 - 6 ,

I .Q . 116. K uhlm an -A n d erso n I n v e n t o r y .

C.A. 7 - 1 , M.A. 7 - 6 ,

I .Q . 107. O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by p r e v i o u s t e a c h e r s .

January

1949: m e n t a l l y m a t u r e , n o t v e r y s o c i a l , v e r y q u i e t , n o t a v e r y happy c h i l d , i n t e r e s t e d i n v a r i o u s a c t i v i t i e s , n o t r e ­ s p o n s i v e , an d e m b a r r a s s e d e a s i l y .

J u n e 1949: was n o t e n ­

r o l l e d i n s c h o o l f o r two m o n th s , w ent o u t o f s t a t e ; f o r e , l o s t much o f b e g i n n i n g r e a d i n g ,

th e re ­

J a n u a r y 1950: a good

w o r k e r , l a c k s s e l f - c o n f i d e n c e , v e r y d e p e n d a b le and w a n ts t o do w hat i s r i g h t . O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by h e r p r e s e n t t e a c h e r . r u a r y 1950 u n t i l May 1950.

Feb­

..

1 , C lassroom * E m ily i s a s e r i o u s w o rk e r* t h a n h e r I.Q,. would i n d i c a t e *

She i s v e r y e a g e r t o r e a d

f i r s t e a c h tim e h e r g ro u p m e e t s . g ro u p s t a n d a r d s .

She r e a d s much b e t t e r

She a lw a y s co n fo rm s w i t h

She s i t s q u i e t l y d u r i n g th e r e a d i n g p e r ­

i o d ; sh e h o l d s h e r hook away from h e r f a c e ;

sh e k e e p s t h e

p l a c e when o t h e r s a r e r e a d i n g ; and she i s a lw a y s on tim e f o r re a d in g w ith h e r g ro u p .

She a lw a y s f i n i s h e s h e r s e a t w ork.

She d o e s n o t a s k f o r h e l p fro m o t h e r s and u s u a l l y h a n d s i n a co rre ct p ap er. E m ily c h o o s e s many a c t i v i t i e s d u r i n g th e week i n h e r f r e e ch o ice p e rio d * th is p e rio d . books.

She c o m p le te s e v e r y t h i n g s h e s t a r t s i n

She l i k e s to s i t q u i e t l y and l o o k a t l i b r a r y

She h a s p a i n t e d a few i n t e r e s t i n g p i c t u r e s , and sh e

h a s b e e n e n c o u ra g e d t o p l a c e them on th e b u l l e t i n b o a r d f o r d isp la y . 2 . P la y g r o u n d . E m ily u s e s t h e p la y g r o u n d e q u ip m e n t. w a its h e r tu r n .

She q u i e t l y

She d o e s n o t f i g h t o r r e p r im a n d a n o t h e r

c h i l d who may g e t a h e a d o f h e r .

She shows no e x p r e s s i o n o f

e n jo y m e n t w h i l e u s i n g t h e e q u ip m e n t. 7 . SUMMARY AM) RECOMMENDATIONS E m ily vi-s..an u n s o c i a l , u nhappy c h i l d . f i n i t e l i k e s o r d i s l i k e s in sc h o o l.

She h a s no d e ­

She w orks h a r d , c o n ­

46 fo rm s w i t h s c h o o l an d c l a s s s t a n d a r d s . m o tio n s.

She d i s p l a y s no e -

She h a s t a l k e d to h e r t e a c h e r a b o u t h e r f a m i l y ,

b u t she h a s n o t shown to o much i n t e r e s t o r e n t h u s i a s m a b o u t them .

She w alk s home e a c h a f t e r n o o n by h e r s e l f .

She i s t h e

s t u d e n t who w ould o n ly be n o t i c e d by a t e a c h e r who i s aw are and c o n c e r n e d a b o u t t h e q u i e t c h i l d . E m ily h a s b e e n c h o s e n by th e t e a c h e r to be i n c h a r g e of h e r re a d in g g roup.

She h a s b e e n c h o s e n a s b a l l m o n i t o r .

She h a s b e e n i n c h a rg e o f t h e d a i l y d e l i v e r y o f m i l k .

She

h a s p e r f o r m e d e a c h d u ty q u i e t l y an d e f f i c i e n t l y .

She was

e n c o u ra g e d t o a s k th e t e a c h e r t o v i s i t h e r home.

She seemed

v e r y p l e a s e d t h a t th e t e a c h e r d i d v i s i t . E m ily h a s n o t become a s o c i a l c h i l d t h i s s e m e s t e r . She n e e d s s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n by h e r f u t u r e t e a e h e r . e n c o u r a g e m e n t, p r a i s e an d g ro u p r e c o g n i t i o n .

She n e e d s

A ls o t h e r e i s

a n e e d t o f i n d s o m e th in g t h a t w i l l g i v e h e r h a p p i n e s s , an i n c e n t i v e t o la u g h and p l a y w i t h o t h e r c h i l d r e n .

CHAPTER IX CASE 03? TED I . INTRODUCTION Ted, i s tlie n o i s y c h i l d o f th e c l a s s .

He makes s u r e

?/hen he e n t e r s th e room, t h a t e v e ry o n e knows t h a t h e i s p r e ­ se n t.

He i s a lw a y s d i r t y , and h i s s h i r t t a i l i s h a n g i n g

o u t. I I . HOME BACKGROUND F a m i l y ;N e i t h e r p a r e n t a t t e n d e d has a s i s t e r fo u r y ea rs o ld . se ld o m c o r r e c t s

them .

The

h ig h sc h o o l.

Ted

f a t h e r i s e a s y g o in g and

The m o th e r I s t o o i n d u l g e n t an d t a l k s

to o much a b o u t th e c h i l d r e n i n t h e i r p r e s e n c e . o f t e n s l a p s , s p a n k s , and a r g u e s .

The m o th e r

She l o v e s th e c h i l d r e n one

m in u te and t h e n se re a m s a t them t h e n e x t . Econom ic s t a t u s o f t h e home.

The h o u se i s a f o u r

room fra m e d w e l l i n g , c o m f o r t a b l y b u t p l a i n l y f u r n i s h e d . I t i s on t h e o u t s k i r t s o f t h e d i s t r i c t .

I t i s new b u t u n k em p t.

The f a t h e r i s a c a r p e n t e r b u t d o e s n o t work r e g u l a r ­ ly R e l i g i o n , r e c r e a t i o n an d c u l t u r e . of th e L u th eran

A l l a r e members

C hurch an d a t t e n d s e r v i c e s r e g u l a r l y . The

c h i l d r e n h a v e n e v e r s e e n a m o v ie .

The m o th e r r e a d s t r u e

48 s t o r y m ag azin es.

T h ere i s no r a d i o i n th e home.

III. P h y sic a l.

STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL F a i r l y good p h y s i q u e , brown h a i r , l a r g e

brown e y e s . C.A. 6 - 9 j h e i g h t , 5 0 ; w e i g h t , 5 8 . T o n sils ? b ad ly in f e c t e d . T e e th : n e e d a t t e n t i o n . B a r s : n o rm a l h e a r i n g . E y e s : 2 0 /2 0 v i s i o n i n b o th e y e s . D e v e lo p m e n ta l h i s t o r y . weaned a t 8 m o n th s . H e a lth .

In stru m e n t baby.

B reast fe d ,

Walked a t 13 m o n th s , t a l k e d a t E4 m o n th s .

M e asle s.

S le e p s so u n d ly .

E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y .

Good a p p e t i t e .

E a s i l y e x c i t e d , s e l f i s h , u n­

t i d y , so m e tim es .a r g u e s b a c k . W i ll c h e a t i n gam es. IV. SCHOOL HISTORY A tte n d a n c e .

35 d a y s o u t o f 44 d a y s .

K uhlm an-A nderson I n v e n t o r y .

C.A. 7 - 3 , M.A. 7 - 4 ,

I.Q, 101. O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by p r e v i o u s t e a c h e r s .

June

1 949: a t f i r s t d i d n o t c o n fo rm , b u t now i s v e r y w i l l i n g to do s o . Good w o r k e r , c a p a b l e . w ork.

J a n u a r y 19 50 : c o u ld do good

Does n o t l i k e t o con form to s t a n d a r d s .

w ith c h ild r e n .

N ot p o p u l a r

R e q u ire s s p e c ia l a t t e n t i o n c o n s ta n tly .

s

49 O b s e r v a t i o n o f c h i l d by h i s p r e s e n t t e a c h e r .

F eb ­

r u a r y 1950 u n t i l May 1 9 5 0 . 1 . C la s s r o o m . Ted d i d n o t come t o any r e a d i n g c i r c l e f o r two w e e k s. He was i n v i t e d s e v e r a l ti m e s by t h e t e a c h e r t o j o i n a g r o u p . He was s p o k e n t o f i r m l y by t h e t e a c h e r and he d i d a t t e n d t h e m id d le r e a d i n g g r o u p .

He was n o i s y e a c h tim e he a t t e n d e d ,

and he made i t n e c e s s a r y f o r th e t e a c h e r t o s p e a k t o him i n d i v i d u a l l y d u r i n g th e r e a d i n g p e r i o d and a l s o a f t e r s c h o o l . He was a lw a y s l a t e

t o t h e r e a d i n g c i r c l e and had t o be r e ­

m inded d a i l y t h a t h i s g ro u p was r e a d i n g . He u s u a l l y drew p i c t u r e s w i t h c r a y o n s d u r i n g h i s f r e e ch o ice p e r io d .

He t a l k e d l o u d l y t o h i s n e i g h b o r s and

made so u n d s a l l th e tim e h e drew .

He was r a t h e r s u c c e s s f u l

i n d ra w in g and d i s p l a y e d many p i c t u r e s . He o f t e n came i n t o t h e room a f t e r t h e no on p e r i o d and s a t u n d e r a t a b l e .

He was ig n o r e d u n t i l he made i t

n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e t e a c h e r t o p e r s u a d e him t o s i t i n a c h a i r . He was so m e tim es s e n t o u t o f t h e room t o t h e o f f i c e b e c a u s e o f th e c o n f u s i o n he c a u s e d i n c l a s s . 2. P lay g ro u n d . Ted u s e d a l l th e p la y g r o u n d e q u ip m e n t.

He h ad t o be

re m in d e d c o n s t a n t l y o f th e c o r r e c t way to u s e t h e e q u ip m e n t. He l i k e d t o p l a y games w i t h o t h e r c h i l d r e n , b u t h e se ld o m p l a y e d a t one game v e r y l o n g .

He p l a y e d u n f a i r and was made

50 t o l e a v e th e game. V. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION Ted w a n ts r e c o g n i t i o n by th e g ro u p an d t h e t e a c h e r , b u t he h a s n o t a c q u i r e d f a i r ways o f s e c u r i n g i t .

He h a s

b e e n i g n o r e d a s much a s p o s s i b l e when he h a s u s e d n o i s y d e ­ v ic e s f o r g e ttin g a tte n tio n .

He h a s b e e n g i v e n some r e c o g ­

n i t i o n f o r h i s s u c c e s s f u l d r a w in g .

He h a s b e e n g iv e n r e c o g ­

n i t i o n when h e h a s conform ed t o t h e s t a n d a r d s o f t h e c l a s s . He h a s o f t e n b r o u g h t to s c h o o l a r t i c l e s , k n i v e s and g u n s , w hich a r e p r o h i b i t e d .

su c h a s

He seem s t o do a n y ­

t h i n g to g e t a g ro u p o f c h i l d r e n t o s u r r o u n d him . Ted*s p a r e n t s a r e n o t c o - o p e r a t i v e w i t h th e t e a c h e r o r th e p r i n c i p a l .

They h ave removed Ted fro m t h e p u b l i c

sch o o l to a p r i v a t e church sc h o o l.

The p a r e n t s seem t o f e e l

t h a t th e s c h o o l d o e s n o t u n d e r s t a n d t h e i r c h i l d . T e d 's t e a c h e r i n p r i v a t e s c h o o l h a s t a l k e d w i t h th e p r i n c i p a l o f th e p u b lic sc h o o l. t h i n g w i t h h im . next y ear.

She i s u n a b l e t o do a n y ­

She i s r e t u r n i n g Ted t o t h e p u b l i c s c h o o l

She i s n o t p r o m o tin g Ted and w i l l r e t u r n him t o

h i s fo rm er t e a c h e r . T e d 's t e a c h e r n e x t y e a r w i l l h a v e t o work w i t h him an d h e l p him f i n d some s u c c e s s f u l way o f s e c u r i n g g ro u p r e ­ c o g n itio n .

T e d 's p a r e n t s w i l l n e e d some c o u n s e l i n g and

51 g u id a n c e fro m s c h o o l o r community h e l p e r s .

They n ee d t o f i n d

some way t o be c o n s i s t e n t i n t h e i r l o v e , a f f e c t i o n , d i s ­ c i p l i n e , and c a r e o f th e c h i l d .

CHAPTER X EVALUATION The p r o b le m , a s s t a t e d , was to make a s p e c i a l s tu d y o f s e v e n B-2 g r a d e c h i l d r e n w i t h t l t h e p u r p o s e o f a n a l y z i n g an y b e h a v i o r p r o b le m s and t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i n g f a c t o r s .

The

s t u d y was c o n s i d e r e d i m p o r t a n t ; b e c a u s e so many m a l a d j u s t *■

m e n ts a r e b egu n i n c h i l d h o o d and i f n o t d e t e c t e d e a r l y , th e y may l e a d i n t o p e r m a n e n t l y w arp ed p e r s o n a l i t i e s .

The p r o c e ­

d u r e o f t h i s s t u d y i n c l u d e d r o b s e r v a t i o n o f th e c h i l d ; i n t e r ­ v ie w in g t h e p a r e n t t o o b t a i n i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e home, th e e a r l y l i f e and h e a l t h o f t h e c h i l d , t h e econom ic s t a t u s , and t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e f a m i l y ; and s t u d y i n g a l l s c h o o l r e c o r d s a s t o t e s t s c o r e s , t e a c h e r comments and h e a l t h r e c o r d s . As a r e s u l t o f t h i s s t u d y , t h e t e a c h e r h a s grown i n t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f c h i l d r e n , and b e c a u s e o f t h i s sh e b e ­ l i e v e s sh e can do a b e t t e r jo b i n t h e c l a s s r o o m .

T h is s t u d y

h a s made h e r more c o n s c io u s o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l , and sh e knows h e r g rou p b e t t e r .

She r e a l i z e s th e im p o r ta n c e o f b e i n g a c ­

q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e i r p a r e n t s and t h e home b a c k g ro u n d .

T h is

i s n o t a new p o i n t o f v ie w , b u t th r o u g h t h i s s tu d y i t s im­ p o r t a n c e h a s b e e n e m p h a siz e d an d p r o v e n .

T h is s t u d y h a s

a ls o in c r e a s e d th e t e a c h e r ’ s i n t e r e s t in le a r n in g th e cau­ s e s t h a t u n d e r l i e t h e b e h a v i o r o f c h i l d r e n i n th e c l a s s ­ room; and th e f a c t t h a t , g r e a t e r h a p p i n e s s i n t e a c h i n g a c -

53 co m p an ies t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f i n t e r e s t i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g th e in d iv id u a l c h ild .

The t e a c h e r i s b e t t e r a b l e now to p u t t h e

c h i l d , h i s p e r s o n a l i t y , h i s h o m e l i f e and h e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g t o g e t h e r an d t o b u i l d up a c o n c e p t o f t h e c h i l d t h a t r e a l l y h e l p s h e r t o b a l a n c e h i s l i f e f o r h im .

A c h ild ’ s h e a lth ,

h i s r a t e o f g ro w th and s t a g e o f d e v e lo p m e n t, h i s f a m i l y s i t ­ u a t i o n and r e l a t i o n s h i p , h i s s o c i a l c l a s s a n d c u l t u r a l b a c k ­ g r o u n d , and h i s s t a t u s and r o l e i n th e c h i l d s o c i e t y became f a c t o r s o f concern to th e te a c h e r . The S t a f f o f t h e D i v i s i o n on C h i l d D evelopm ent and T each er P e rs o n n e l have i n d i c a t e d th e fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r i s ­ t i c s o f t e a c h e r s who u n d e r s t a n d c h i l d r e n , 1 . They t h i n k o f c h i l d r e n ’ s b e h a v i o r a s c a u s e d by a s e r i e s o f f a c t o r s t h a t c a n be i d e n t i f i e d ; and t h e y , t h e r e f o r e , b e l i e v e t h a t bo ys and g i r l s a r e u n d e r s t a n d a b l e and e d u c a b l e . 2 . They a r e a b l e t o a c c e p t e v e r y c h i l d e m o tio n ­ a l l y and t o r e s p e c t and v a l u e him a s a human b e i n g . 3 . They r e c o g n i z e t h a t e v e r y c h i l d i s u n iq u e ; a n d , t h e r e f o r e , th e y c o n s t a n t l y s e e k i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t e a c h o f t h e i r p u p i l s t h a t w i l l e n a b l e them to know th e f a c t o r s t h a t a r e i n f l u e n c i n g t h e i r d e­ v e lo p m e n t and b e h a v i o r . 4 . They know t h e common d e v e lo p m e n ta l t a s k s t h a t a l l c h i l d r e n f a c e d u r i n g th e s e v e r a l p h a s e s o f t h e i r g ro w th an d w hat c o m p l i c a t i o n s o f t e n a r i s e a s i n d i ­ v i d u a l s w i t h v a r y i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and b a c k ­ g r o u n d s work a t t h o s e t a s k s . 5 . They know t h e more i m p o r t a n t g e n e r a l i z a t i o n s t h a t d e s c r i b e and e x p l a i n human g r o w th , d e v e lo p ­ m e n t, l e a r n i n g , and b e h a v i o r . 6 . They a r e w e l l ac c u sto m e d t o m e th o d s o f g a -

54 t h e r i n g and o r g a n i z i n g r e l e v a n t i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t a c h i l d , o f f in d in g th e s c i e n t i f i c p r i n c i p l e s to w hich t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n p o i n t s a s e x p l a i n i n g th e p a r t i c u l a r i n d i v i d u a l ’ s m a t u r i t y l e v e l and o v e r t a c t i o n s , and o f u s i n g t h e s e e x p l a n a t o r y p r i n c i p l e s — t o g e t h e r w i t h th e p e r t i n e n t d a t a — a s t h e b a s i s f o r h e l p i n g th e y o u n g s t e r s m e e t h i s p r o b le m s o f grow­ in g u p . 20 T h is s t u d y e m p h a siz e d t h a t t h e o u t s t a n d i n g f a c t o r s w hich c o n t r i b u t e d t o p e r s o n a l i t y d i s t u r b a n c e s w e r e : f a m i l y f r i c t i o n , m o th e r d o m in a n c e , p a r e n t a l s e p a r a t i o n , u n f a v o r ­ a b l e c o m p a r is o n s , s e v e r e o r f r e q u e n t s p a n k i n g s , demands f o r b e t t e r work t h a n t h e c h i l d c o u ld d o , i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s , emo­ t i o n a l i s m and l a c k o f a f f e c t i o n on th e p a r t o f t h e p a r e n t . As m o st o f th e f a c t o r s c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e c h i l d ’ s e m o t i o n a l d i s t u r b a n c e s a r e d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t o t h e home e n ­ v i r o n m e n t , a l l e v i a t i o n o f t h e s e i l l s m u st n e c e s s a r i l y come th r o u g h c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e p a r e n t .

I n many i n s t a n c e s t h e

p a r e n t s have b e e n made t o r e a l i z e t h e i r own s h o r t c o m i n g s , t h e i r e f f e c t upon t h e c h i l d ; an d th e y a r e now e n d e a v o r i n g t o overcom e them . T h is s t u d y h a s e m p h a s iz e d t h e f a c t t h a t c h i l d r e n s t r i v e t o be s u c c e s s f u l , t o be a c c e p t e d by t h e g r o u p , t o be r e c o g n i z e d , and to be l i k e o t h e r bo ysu an d g i r l s ; Many modes o f a p p r o a c h t o c a s e s t u d i e s h a v e b e e n

ST) s T a f f o f t h e D i v i s i o n on C h i ld D ev elo pm en t and T e a c h e r P e r s o n n e l , H e lp i n g T e a c h e r s U n d e r s ta n d C h i l d r e n ( W a s h in g to n , D .C .: A m erican C o u n c il on E d u c a t i o n , 1 9 4 5 \ , ;■ . p . 20.

s u g g e s t e d by w o rk e rs i n p s y c h i a t r y , s o c i a l w o rk , and e d u c a ­ tio n .

A lth o u g h th e e m p h a sis o f i n d i v i d u a l s t u d y h a s b e e n

on th e c h i l d w i t h a n e v i d e n t p r o b le m , t h e r e seems to be a te n d e n c y t o c o n s i d e r a l l s t u d e n t s f o r i n d i v i d u a l i z e d stu d y *

EXHIBIT 1 56

shaho:

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BOYS ROBERT GIRLS ^

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1

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS B e t t s , G eorge H e r b e r t , F o u n d a t i o n s o f C h a r a c t e r an d P e r s o n ­ a l i t y . New Y ork : B obbs, M e r r i l X Company, 1 9 3 7 . 3 7 l p p . C a t t e l l , Raymond B . , C rooked P e r s o n a l i t i e s i n C h ild h o o d and A l t e r . New Y o rk : D. A p pleb on C e n tu r y Company, 1938. •S l5 p p . ' . C h ish o lm , L. L . , G u id in g Y outh i n th e S e c o n d a r y . A m erican Book Company, 1945. 433 p p .

New" Y ork:

Germane, C. E . and E. G. Germane, P e r s o n n e l Work i n H igh S c h o o l s New Y o rk : S i l v e r , B u r d e t t Company, T54I7 S99 p p . L e e , P o r t e r R. and M. E . K en w o rth y , M e n ta l H y g ie n e and S o c i a l Work. New Y ork: The Commonwealth F u n d , 1931. VS’ p p . ------L e f e v e r , D. W. , A. M. T u r r e l l , an d H. I . W e i t z e l , P r i n c i p l e s and T e c h n iq u e s o f G u id a n c e . New Y o rk : R o n a ld P r e s s Company, 19 4 1 . ~"S"40 p p . M organ, J . J . B . , The P s y c h o lo g y o f t h e U n a d ju s te d S c h o o l C h i l d . New Y o rk : The M a c m illa n Company, 1 9 3 6 . 339 p p . M o r r i s o n , H. C . , The P r a c t i c e o f T e a c h in g i n th e S e c o n d a ry S c h o o l . C h ic a g o : U n i v e r s i t y o f C h icag o P r e s s , 1931. —----- 688 p p . M y e rs, C. R o g e r, Toward M e n ta l H e a l t h i n S c h o o l . T o r o n to : The U n iv e r s iT y r ^ I ^ T ,o r o n t o >P r e s s , T5'3'5T £55 p p . R o g e r s , C a r l , C o u n s e lin g and P s y c h o t h e r a p y . t o n M i f f l i n Company, 1 9 4 2 . 450 p p .

B o s to n : Hough­

R yan, W. C a r s o n , M e n ta l H e a l t h T hrough E d u c a t i o n . The Commonwealth F u n d , 19381 372 p p .

New York?

S m i t h i e s , E . M. , C ase S t u d i e s o f Normal A d o l e s c e n t G i r l s . New Y ork: A p p le to n and Company, 1933T 284 p p . S t a f f o f th e D i v i s i o n on C h i ld D evelopm ent and T e a c h e r P e r ­ s o n n e l , H e lp i n g T e a c h e r s U n d e r s ta n d c h i l d r e n . W ashing­ t o n , D .C .: A m erican C o u n c il on E d u c a t i o n , I £ 4 5 . 468 p p .

^

58 S t r a n g , R u th , An I n t r o d u c t i o n to C h i ld P s y c h o l o g y . The M a c m illa n Company, 1 9 3 8 . S'8'l' p p .

New Y o rk : ^

Strangs*. R u t h , The R o le o f th e T e a c h e r i n P e r s o n n e l Work. > New Y ork : T e a c h e rs * C o l l e g e , C olum bia U n i v e r s i t y , 1 94 6 . 497 p p . Sym onds, P e r c i v a l M ., D ia g n o s in g P e r s o n a l i t y and C o n d u c t. New Y o rk : D. A p p le to n C e n tu r y Company, 1 9 3 1 . 555 p p . T h o rp e , L o u is P . , P s y c h o l o g i c a l F o u n d a t i o n s o f P e r s o n a l i t y . New Y ork ; McGraw H i l l Book Company, 193BT 60a p p . Wexberg E rw in an d H a r r y E . F r i t s c h , Our C h i l d r e n i n ja Chan­ g i n g W o rld . New Y o rk; The M a c m illa n Company, 1 9 3 7 . 232pp. PERIODICAL ARTICLES A y e r s , Mary E l l e n a n d R o b e r t G. B e r n r e u t e r , "A S tu d y o f t h e R e l a t i o n s h i p B etw een D i s c i p l i n e and P e r s o n a l i t y T r a i t s i n L i t t l e C h i l d r e n , ” J o u r n a l o f G e n e tic P s o h o l o g y , 5 0 : 1 6 5 - 7 0 , M a rc h , 19 37. B e n d e r , L a u r e t t a , " M e n ta l H y g ien e an d t h e C h i l d , ” J o u r n a l o f O r t h o p s y c h i a t r y , 9 : 5 7 4 - 8 2 , J u l y , 193 9. T r a x l e r , A. E . , ” C ase S tu d y P r o c e d u r e s i n G u i d a n c e , ” S c h o o l R e v ie w , 4 6 :6 0 2 - 1 0 , O c t o b e r , 1 9 3 8 .

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