A special study of ten delinquents
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A SPECIAL STUDY OP TEN DELINQUENTS
A P ro ject P resen ted to th e F a c u l t y of th e S c h o o l o f E d u c a tio n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a
In P a r tia l F u lfillm en t of th e R eq u irem en ts f o r the D egree M aster o f S c ien c e in E d u c a tio n
by Thomas F« B r e s e e J u n e 19 50
UMI Number: EP46206
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T hi s p r o j e c t report, w ri tt en under the direction of the candidate's ad v is e r a n d a p p r o v e d by him, has been p r es e nt e d to a n d a c c e p te d by the F a c u lt y of the S c h o o l of E d u c a ti o n in p a r ti a l fu lf ill m e nt of the requirements f o r the de gr e e of M a s t e r of Science in E ducation.
Date.
Adviser
tR.'SU' Dean
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I.
PAGE
THE P R O B L I M ................................ . S ta te m e n t o f th e problem
II.
III.
.
1 .
1
P R O C E D U R E S ..................................................................................
3
S u b j e c t s u s e d ...................................................................
3
M e t h o d s o f f i n d i n g d a t a .........................................
3
CASE NUMBER I
*
. . . . . .
.......................................................................
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s .................................................. IV.
CASE NUMBER I
I
.......................................................................
In terp reta tio n s V.
CASE NUMBER I I I ........................................................................
87
...................................................................
35
........................................................................
37
CASE NUMBER I V
...................................................................
48
CASE NUMBER V .............................................................................
43
In terp reta tio n s V III.
CASE NUMBER V
..................................................................
49
I ........................................................................
50
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s ........................................ IX.
CASE NUMBER V I I ........................................................................ I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s .......................................................
X.
CASE NUMBER V I I I ................................................................... I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s .........................
X I.
18 85
In terp reta tio n s V II.
16
...................................................................
In terp retatio n s V I.
10
CASE NUMBER I X
...................................................
54 56 59 61 65 66
iii CHAPTER
PAGE I n t e r p r e t a t i o n ........................................
X II.
X III.
CASE NUMBER X
71
...........................................' ............................
7£
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n ....................................................................
76
C O N C L U S I O N S ....................................................................
77
CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM I n r e c e n t y e a r s , more an d m ore y o u t h s h a v e b e e n com m itted t o p e n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s f o r v a r i o u s of th e
law s o f t h e l a n d .
w h a t was t h e
basis
Why t h e s e p e o p l e h a v e e n t e r e d ,
f o r t h e i r a c t i o n s , a n d how c a n we p r e
p a r e them f o r b e t t e r w h ile c itiz e n s
in frac tio n s
liv in g
in th e fu tu re
t o become w o r t h
a re problem s o f th e u tm o st im p o rtan c e t o
the guidance w orker. S ta te m en t of th e problem . th is p ro jec t,
through th e te n
The p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f
case h i s t o r i e s h e re in l i s t e d ,
was t o g a i n a b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h i s v id u al,
type o f i n d i
t o show t h e g u i d a n c e w o r k e r t y p i c a l c a s e s w i t h
t h e r e s u l t i n g b e h a v i o r i s m c a u s e d by. e n v i r o n m e n t d u r i n g y o u t h and id e a s f o rm u la te d by th e i n d i v i d u a l a lo n g w ith th e v a lu e he h a s a s s e s s e d t o v a r i o u s f a c t o r s in g th e s e people i t p rev io u sly s ta te d ,
in h is
life .
In s tid y
was f o u n d t h a t , a s T h o r p e a n d K a t z h a v e "M o s t m a l a d j u s t e d p e r s o n s do n o t u n d e r
stan d th e fu n c tio n s o f the
b e h a v i o r m echanism s i n w h ich
they e n g a g e ." 1
1 B a r n e y K a t z a n d L o u i s P . T h o r p e , The P s y c h o l o g y o f Abnorm al B e h a v io r (New Y o r k : T h e R o n a l d P r e s s Com pany, 1 9 4 8 ), p . 699:
s It
i s hoped, t h r o u g h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n p r e s e n t e d t h a t
t h e g u i d a n c e w o r k e r may g a i n a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e of penal in s titu tio n s life .
s o t h a t h e m ay d i r e c t h i m t o a u s e f u l
T h ro u g h t h e medium o f t h i s
b e e n made t o p r e s e n t :
inm ate
p r o j e c t an a tt e m p t has
(1) M ethods o f g a t h e r i n g t h e s o c i a l
h isto ry of a d isc ip lin ary
case;
(2 ) w h a t i n f o r m a t i o n s h o u l d
be g a t h e r e d a b o u t t h e i n d i v i d u a l d i s c i p l i n a r y c a s e ; t o p r e s e n t t h e s o c i a l h i s t o r y to
guidance p e rs o n n e l;
(5 ) how (4 )
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s a n d c o n c l u s i o n s t h a t may b e d r a w n f r o m t h e m a te ria l p resen ted .
CHAPTER I I PROCEDURES Sub,jeots u s e d .
T en d i s c i p l i n a r y
D i s c i p l i n a r y B a r r a c k s , T erm in al I s l a n d ,
inm ates,
U .S . N aval
C alifo rn ia .
M ethods o f f i n d i n g d a t a . A. N a v a l r e c o r d s
from t h e E d u c a tio n a l O f f i c e r .
1 . Home a d d r e s s . S. Reason f o r d i s c i p l i n a r y
a ctio n .
3. A ddress o f r e l a t i v e s . B. C o n tact o f i n d i v i d u a l ’s p a r e n t s . C. I n f o r m a t i o n a s k e d o f p a r e n t s . 1.
Id e n tify in g in fo rm atio n .
m arita l s ta tu s , man m a k e s h i s
Name o f m a n ,
com position o f fa m ily ,
home, r a c e ,
n a tio n ality
where and
re lig io n . 2* S o u r c e s o f i n f o r m a t i o n .
L ist
in fo rm an ts,
t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h i p t o man, l e n g t h o f tim e t h e y knew h i m .
D e s c r i b e what a p p e a r s t o be t h e i r
p r e s e n t a t t i t u d e t o w a r d him; a t t i t u d e tow ard, the
in terv iew .
What i s
t h e i r a t t i t u d e to w ard
s e r v i c e m a n ’ s p o s s i b l e r e t u r n hom e?
R ecords
co n su lted
(s o c ia l se rv ice exchange,
school,
h d sp ital,
ju v e n ile or o th e r c o u rt re c o rd s, and
4 the l i k e ) . 3. D evelopm ental h i s t o r y *
G ive d a t e and
p l a c e o f b i r t h and any u n u s u a l f a c t o r s w ith th e b i r t h .
Was t h e r e a b i r t h
connected
in ju ry ?
Did
h e w a l k a nd t a l k a t a n u n u s u a l l y e a r l y o r l a t e age?
N ote a n y th i n g u n u s u a l i n d e v e lo p m e n t,
as fee d in g d i f f i c u l t i e s , fain tin g sp ells
stu tte rin g ,
n a il b itin g ,
or c o n v u ls io n s , n i g h tm a r e s , s l e e p
w alk in g , b ed w ettin g lo n g er th an u s u a l, fears,
such
sp ecial
tem per ta n tru m s .
4 . H e a l t h and m e d ic a l h i s t o r y . record throughout l i f e .
Was man e v e r h o s p i t a l i z e d
f o r e i t h e r m edical o r m ental Reason?
co n d itio n s?
Any a c c i d e n t s o r i n j u r i e s ,
head i n j u r i e s ?
G eneral h e a lth
When?
p articu larly
S e v e r i t y a n d a g e when o c c u r r e d ?
Secure d e t a i l s
a n d a r e p o r t f r o m t h e d o c t o r when
ever p o ssib le •
U s u a l r e a c t i o n o f man t o i l l n e s s
of h im self? a.
Of a member o f h i s f a m i l y ? T aking th e c a se s a s
t h e y a r e , we f i n d
a n im m e n se a m o u n t o f i n n e r m e n t a l d i s t u r b a n c e w hich h a s l e d c ie s.
to s t e a l i n g and o t h e r d e lin q u e n
Such d is tu rb a n c e o f te n form s a n a t t i t u d e
• W i l l i a m H e a l y , The I n d i v i d u a l D e l i n ^ u e n t Brow n a n d Company, 1 9 2 9 ) , p . 1 2 0 .
(L ittle
5 o f m in d s h o w i n g i t s e l f h o p e le ssn ess,
e i t h e r as grudge,
or
o r a ten dency to seek r e l i e f in
m isco n d u ct— a l l d i r e c t l y
lead in g to a d e lin
quent c a re e r. 5. Fam ily h i s t o r y .
What a p p e a r t o t h e g e n e r a l
r e l a t i o n s h i p and a t t i t u d e s
in th e fa m ily group?
How many b r o t h e r s a n d s i s t e r s ?
How d i d h e g e t
a lo n g w ith b r o th e r s and s i s t e r s ? ship to p a re n ts ,
H is r e l a t i o n
How much r e s p o n s i b i l i t y d i d
he ta k e f o r p a r e n t s b e f o r e e n t e r i n g s e r v i c e ? Are p a r e n t s d iv o r c e d ? Is th is
Are t h e y f o r e i g n
a source of c o n flic t?
R elig io n ?
born? What
has been th e o c c u p a tio n of th e f a t h e r o r head of the fam ily?
G eneral f i n a n c ia l s ta tu s o f
fa m ily through the y e a r s , dead,
If
e ith e r parent is
w h a t a g e w a s t h e man a t t h e t i m e o f t h e
d e a t h a n d how d i d h e r e a c t t o i t ? of
Where m e t h o d s
ch ild tr a in in g ov er-sev ere or o v er-in d u lg en t?
How w a s h e p u n i s h e d ,
Was t h e r e a n y e x t r e m e
a t t a c h m e n t o f t h e man t o a n y member o f t h e f a m i l y ? Any u n u s u a l f a c t s
re g a rd in g the h e a lth h i s to r y of
fam ily ?
Is th ere
any h i s t o r y of m e n ta l i l l n e s s ,
su icid e,
ep ilep sy ,
crim in alism , drug a d d ic tio n ,
a lc o h o lis m , and th e l i k e 6. P e r s o n a l i t y .
i n the. im m e d ia te f a m i l y ?
I n g e n e r a l , what k in d o f a
6 p erso n is he?
D id he p l a y a lo n e o r w i t h g r o u p s ?
Was h e a l e a d e r o r was he s h y a n d a l w a y s t h e fo llo w er?
T im id, o v e r ly m o d est, o r a sh o w -o ff?
D id h e have a s e n s e o f d u t y ? stru n g ?
C alm o r h i g h -
What w e r e h i s i n t e r e s t s
How d i d h e u s u a l l y he have p e t s ? a t w hat age?
spend h i s
Was h e
and h o b b ie s ?
l e i s u r e tim e?
c ru e l to an im als?
If
a t th e tim e of ad o lescen ce?
g i r l frien d s?
O lder or younger?
approved s o c i a l l y ? tach em en ts t o boys? in r e lig io n *
so
Was h e h a p p y - g o - l u c k y o r r e s p o n s i b l e ?
Were t h e r e a n y m a r k e d c h a n g e s i n h a b i t s , a ttitu d e s
Did
in te rests,
D id he have
A pproved o r d i s
Did h e h av e a n y s t r o n g a t D escribe any u n u su al i n t e r e s t
What w e r e h i s a m b i t i o n s ?
Did he
e v e r r u n a w a y f r o m home o r sh o w n o m a d i c t e n d e n cies?
What w a s h i s r e a c t i o n t o a u t h o r i t y ?
he g e t in to f i g h t s ?
Did
Was h e a f r a i d o f f i g h t i n g ?
Were t h e r e a n y o u t s t a n d i n g b e h a v i o r p r o b l e m s ? a . M o s t e d u c a t o r s a g r e e t h a t much a t t e n t i o n sh o u ld be g iv e n t o p e r s o n a l i t y d e v e lo p m e n t, a l t h o u g h few have a g re e d on t h e c o n s t i t u e n t s of a p e rs o n a lity .
The co m ponents o f p e r
s o n a l i t y may u l t i m a t e l y b e i s o l a t e d b y m e a n s of facto rs an aly sis,
b u t i n t h e m eantim e
7 lists
of p e rso n al c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s fo rm u lated
a s a r e s u l t o f a s u b j e c t i v e a n a l y s i s must b e used as th e b a sis o f a p p r a i s a l . 2 7 * Personal h a b its . man, p a r t i c u l a r l y m arried,
if irreg u lar
a t what age?
ment to m a r r ia g e ?
S ex u al ad ju stm en t o f If
W hat h a s b e e n h i s a d j u s t
Does h i s w i f e f e e l t h a t t h e y
have been happy to g e th e r ? D escrib e th e w ife,
i n a n y way?
Any s e p a r a t i o n s ?
so m ething of h e r i n t e r e s t s
and th e amount of r e s p o n s i b i l i t y she ta k e s t h e h o m e.
What h a s b e e n t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e
man t o w a r d h i s them ?
in
c h ild ren ?
H is r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith
A lcoholism or d rug a d d ic tio n ? a . Everyone a c t i v e
in th e f i e l d
of c rim i
n a l i s t i c s s h o u ld be f a m i l i a r w ith Jam es' fam ous
c h a p te r on h a b i t .
(334)
The b e a r i n g s u pon
conduct are a ls o f o r c e f u l l y e la b o ra te d by A n g ell,
(335).
No o n e c a n o v e r e s t i m a t e t h e
e th ica l
im portance o f h a b i t .
When i t
com es
t o e v a l u a t i n g t h e p a r t w hich h a b i t p l a y s c o n d u c t , a s we h a v e s a i d ,
Y ork:
it
in
d e p e n d s o n many
2 A rth u r 1 . T r a x l e r , T ec h n iq u e s o f G uidance H a rp e r an d B r o t h e r s , 1 9 4 5 ), p . 24. .
(New
8 p e r s o n a l and e n v iro n m e n ta l c o n d i t i o n s . 3 8. E d u catio n .
How f a r d i d h e g o i n s c h o o l ?
R e g u l a r i t y o f a tte n d a n c e and f a i l u r e s o r p r o m otions?
R easons f o r l e a v in g and age?
d i d h e do i n h i s s t u d i e s ?
Did he have a n y s p e c i a l
in te r e s ts or o u tstan d in g d i f f i c u l t i e s su b jects?
How w e l l
in school
Were t h e r e a n y p a r t i c u l a r p r o b l e m s o f
b e h a v io r o f a d ju s tm e n t to t e a c h e r s and f e l l o w stu d en ts?
I n c lu d e h e re r e p o r t s o f any p sycho
lo g ic al te s ts
g i v e n by s c h o o l s ,
c lin ic s,
or
in stitu tio n s. a.
It
is n ecessary th a t th e
i n d i v i d u a l make
th e ad ju stm en t of e d u c a tio n a l o p p o rtu n ity to m eet the needs o f h i s
in d iv id u al a p titu d e s,
i n t e r e s t s and a b i l i t i e s 9 . Em ploym ent.
t h a t have been r e v e a le d .
What was s e r v i c e m a n ’ s m a i n
form er o ccu p atio n ?
L o n g est job h e ld ?
h i s em ployer t h i n k of h i s p erfo rm an ce? advance?
What d i d D id h e
What o t h e r k i n d s o f w o r k h a s he d o n e ?
L ength of tim e ?
How d i d h e g e t a l o n g w i t h h i s
fe llo w w orkers?
3 W. H e a l y ,
0£
.
c i t .,
p.
350.
4 W hite House C o n fe re n c e P u b l i c a t i o n , V o c a t i o n a l G uidance (New Y o r k : C e n t u r y C om pany, 1 9 3 E ) .
4
9 10.
M ilita ry .
What was h i s a t t i t u d e
l i s t i n g o r bein g in d u c te d ? in to
the m i l i t a r y
en ter?
serv ice,
D id he f e a r com ing o r d i d he want t o
D id h e f e e l t h a t h i s f a m i l y would m is s
h is f in a n c ia l support? a c t i o n s when h e f i r s t th ey tr ie d If
on e n
W hat w a s f a m i l y ’ s r e en te red s e rv ic e ?
H a ve
t o h e l p h i m make a n a d j u s t m e n t ?
he was AWOL o r d e s e r t e d
he s t a y w ith h i s f a m ily ?
How?
from th e s e r v i c e ,
did
I f AWOX, o r i n d e s e r t i o n ,
d i d he work and h e l p s u p p o r t h i s f a m i l y ?
What
d id h e do? D. The t e n c a s e s i n t h i s p r o j e c t w e r e b e i n g d i s c i p l i n e d f o r AWOL ( a b s e n t w i t h o u t l e a v e )
o r m inor
th efts. E . Case s t u d i e s w ere g i v e n t o p r o p e r G u id an ce p e r s o n n e l upon c o m p le tio n o f t h e e n t i r e s t u d y f o r th eir
in fo rm atio n .
CHAPTER I I I CASE NUMBER I Id e n tify in g in fo rm atio n * sin g le.
The s e r v i c e m a n ,
He l i v e d w i t h h i s m o t h e r , s i s t e r s ,
i n R e n o , New M e x i c o , p r i o r t o h i s e n t r y
JA R .,
is
and b r o t h e r s
in to
the s e r v i c e .
He i s o f I r i s h d e s c e n t a n d i s o f Roman C a t h o l i c f a i t h . Sources o f in fo rm a tio n . man was t h e i n f o r m a n t i n t h i s
The m o t h e r o f t h e s e r v i c e in terv iew .
h o ld no re s e n tm e n t a g a i n s t h e r s o n . upon to ask i f
She seemed t o
When f i r s t
s h e w o u l d come i n t o t h e o f f i c e ,
i t w o u l d be b e t t e r t o
called she a d v ised
c a l l th e p ro b a tio n departm ent as
t h e y c o u ld f u r n i s h more a c c u r a t e
in fo rm atio n .
She s t a t e d
h e r s o n h a d b e e n a j u v e n i l e d e l i n q u e n t s i n c e h e was a b o u t ten years of age. vario u s
crim es.
He h a d b e e n a p p r e h e n d e d many t i m e s f o r When i t w a s e x p l a i n e d t h a t
in fo rm atio n
a b o u t t h e s e r v i c e m a n a s a v e r y s m a l l c h i l d a s w e l l a s when h e w as o l d e r , would be h e l p f u l , q u estio n s.
She s t a t e d
she condescended to answ er
s h e w o u l d do a n y t h i n g i f
i t would
h e l p h e r s o n , a n d when t h e s e r v i c e m a n w a s r e l e a s e d f r o m the s e r v i c e , home. th at
s h e w ould be m o st happy t o have him r e t u r n
J u v e n i l e a u t h o r i t i e s were c o n t a c t e d and a d v is e d t h e y h a d a v e r y l o n g r e c o r d o n t h e man a n d t h a t i t
had been fo rw arded t o
th e N aval D epartm ent.
.
He was a l w a y s
11 g e ttin g in to
tro u b le,
but they s ta te d
because o f h is e a r ly a s s o c ia te s .
they f e l t
i t was
The m o t h e r s t a t e d
she
had c o n ta c te d a p s y c h i a t r i s t a t San Q u en tin P e n i t e n t i a r y t o i n t e r v i e w t h e boy b u t sh e had n e v e r r e c e i v e d h i s r e p o rt,
even though i t
a u th o ritie s,
had b een r e l e a s e d t o
and sh e f e l t
the
s h e was e n t i t l e d
ju v en ile
to th is
report
a s s h e had p a id th e p s y c h i a t r i s t a #200 f e e f o r th e i n t e r view . D evelopm ental h i s t o r y . 1 9 3 1 , i n R e n o , New M e x i c o . the fam ily ; th is
b irth .
J . R . was b o r n o n A p r i l 1 8 ,
He was t h e
second c h ild
t h e r e w e re no u n u s u a l f a c t o r s
in
surrounding
He w a l k e d a n d t a l k e d a t a n a v e r a g e a g e .
H is
m o th e r s t a t e d h e d i d b i t e h i s n a i l s and was v e r y h i g h s t r u n g a n d was e x t r e m e l y h i g h t e m p e r e d . fain tin g sp e lls,
He h a d n e v e r h a d
c o n v lu sio n s o r n ig h tm ares an d he d id n ’t
go t h r o u g h t h e b e d w e t t i n g s t a g e any l o n g e r t h a n h e r o t h e r ch ild ren . H e a lth and m e d ic a l. h e was s i x t e e n y e a r s o f a g e .
J . R . had an a p p en d ecto m y when He was s i x t e e n when h i s
m o th e r t o o k him t o t h e p s y c h i a t r i s t .
He h a d b e e n a s s o
c i a t i n g w i t h b a d oompany f o r a l o n g t i m e a n d h i s m o t h e r c o u l d n ’ t u n d e r s t a n d why h e c h o s e b o y s o f q u e s t i o n a b l e ch aracter
and why he d i d t h e t h i n g s h e d i d .
She s t a t e d
12 h e was v e r y i m p u l s i v e .
J . R . was i n a n a u t o m o b i l e a c c i d e n t
w h e n h e was a b o u t f i f t e e n y e a r s o f a g e b u t t h e r e w e r e n o n o ticeab le
in ju ries
r e s u l t i n g from t h i s .
He h a d s c a r l e t
T
fever,
c h ic k e n p o x , w hooping cough, and a s a v e r y s m a ll
ch ild ,
s te p p e d on a n a i l and s e v e r e d a te n d o n i n h i s
He a l w a y s t o o k h i s
illn e sse s
in s trid e
c e rn e d when someone e l s e . w a s i l l ,
fo o t.
b u t was v e r y c o n
esp ecially h is fa th e r
whom h e w o r s h i p p e d . Fam ily h i s t o r y . f o r g iv in g and f a i r .
They a r e a no rm al f a m i l y , v e ry
J . R . h a s o n e b r o t h e r who i s
t h e Navy a n d seem s t o be a v e r y n i c e b o y . siste rs.
deceased.
c h ild re n are of C ath o lic f a i t h
th is m atter, C a th o lic.
and t h e f a t h e r was
th e f a t h e r w anted t h e c h i l d r e n
to be r a i s e d as
The f a t h e r h a s b e e n a f a r m e r a n d l a t e r
in l i f e ,
They had l i v e d most
t i m e on a r a n c h a n d h a d p l e n t y o f f o o d b u t h a d n o
lu x u rie s. p ired .
The m o th e r
t h e r e was n e v e r a n y c o n f l i c t i o n o v e r
a c ra n e o p e r a t o r f o r t h e g overnm ent. of the
H is f a t h e r i s
The p a r e n t s w e re n o t f o r e i g n b o r n .
a L u th e ra n ; how ever,
He w a s
He s h a r e d w h a t h e h a d . w i t h
o t h e r s b u t had no s e n s e o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y .
and th e
He a l s o h a s two
He was v e r y t h o u g h t f u l i n s m a l l t h i n g s .
alw ays lo o k in g f o r a " t h r i l l . "
a lso in
T h e f a t h e r was f i f t y
J .R . had a t e r r i b l e
a s h e was v e r y f o n d o f h i m .
y e a r s o f a g e w hen h e e x
re a c tio n to h is f a t h e r ’s d eath He, a t t h i s tim e ,
was a b o u t
15 fo u rtee n years o ld .
The m o th e r s t a t e d
the p ro b a tio n de
p a r t m e n t had o f t e n t o l d h e r t h a t h e r m ethod o f p u n ish m e n t was m uch t o o s e v e r e i n h i s sta te d
she f e l t
"rig h t
t h e y a r e wrong t h e r e
childhood t r a i n i n g ,
is rig h t,
but she
and wrong i s w r o n g ," i f
i s no p u n i s h m e n t t o o s e v e r e .
The
f a t h e r a lw a y s l e f t t h e p u n ish m e n t up t o t h e m o th e r . f a t h e r was r a i s e d
The
i n a n o r p h a n a g e a n d f e l t h e d i d n ' t know
t o o much a b o u t w h a t w o u l d b e t h e r i g h t a n d w h a t w o u l d be t h e w r o n g way t o p u n i s h t h e o f t e n and r e s t r i c t e d .
c h ild ren .
The c h i l d r e n w e r e w h i p p e d
J .R . had an a v e ra g e f e e l i n g f o r a l l
h is fam ily w ith the e x ce p tio n o f h is f a t h e r . unusual h e alth fa c to rs orphan, th e re
in h is fam ily .
T h ere a r e no
As t h e f a t h e r was an
i s n o known c a s e h i s t o r y o f h i m .
He d r a n k
m o d erately . P e rso n a lity .
The m o th e r a d v i s e d t h a t
h a s a w o n d e r f u l p e r s o n a l i t y and i s a v ery c o n v in c in g m anner. c h ild ren ,
he h a s
He a l w a y s p l a y e d w i t h g r o u p s o f
t h e r e was a t h r i l l
i n c l i n e d t o be " s h o w - o f f i s h . " h e was o n t h e
ranch,
be t a k e n c a r e o f .
inv o lv ed .
He was a l i t t l e
He h a d a s e n s e o f d u t y w h i l e
s e e i n g e v e r y t h i n g was d o n e t h a t n e e d e d He i s v e r y h i g h - s t r u n g ,
wh en f o r c e d t o d o s o m e t h i n g . do a l l
very w e ll lik e d ;
h e was n o t a l e a d e r b u t e a s i l y i n f l u e n c e d ,
esp ecially if
to
the servicem an
e sp ecially
He h a s a v i o l e n t t e m p e r , a s
t h e members o f t h e f a m i l y .
He was a l w a y s i n t e r e s t e d
14 in sports*
The m o t h e r s t a t e d
t h e r e was a " r a c i a l p r e j u d i c e "
b e c a u s e o f t h e f a m i l y com ing fro m t h e S o u th .
The g r a n d
m other w ouldn’t have a n y th in g t o do w ith c o lo re d p eo p le a n d s h e was a l w a y s i m p r e s s i n g u p o n t h e c h i l d r e n t h e y w e r e b e t t e r th a n the sp o rts,
co lo red p e o p le .
h e was v e r y f o n d o f f i s h i n g a nd h u n t i n g .
had p e ts
a n d was n e v e r c r u e l t o t h e m .
luck y" d i s p o s i t i o n . h is
J . R . was v e r y a c t i v e
He a l w a y s
He h a s a " h a p p y - g o -
T h e r e was n o n o t i c e a b l e c h a n g e d u r i n g
a d o le s c e n c e e x cep t h i s s in g in g v o ic e , w hich a t
t i m e was v e r y g o o d .
in
He h a d n u m e r o u s g i r l
frien d s,
o l d e r th a n h e a n d were a p p ro v ed s o c i a l l y .
th is u su a lly
He w a n t e d t o
m a r r y a l o c a l g i r l w h e n h e was home i n D e c e m b e r w h i l e o n l e a v e , b u t s h e was o n l y s e v e n t e e n y e a r s o l d a n d d i d n ’ t w ant to g e t m a rrie d u n t i l s h e had f i n i s h e d s c h o o l .
H is
m o t h e r f e e l s t h i s r e f u s a l o f m a r r i a g e may h a v e some b e a r i n g on h i s
r e c e n t e s c a p a d e a s h e was m o s t u n h a p p y a n d u p s e t .
He h a d a n a v e r a g e a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h o t h e r b o y s .
He a t
t e n d e d c h u r c h a n d t r a i n e d f o r A l t e r b o y b u t was t o o
ir
r e s p o n s i b l e and t h e y c o u l d n ’ t depend on h i s
bein g t h e r e ,
so h e g a v e i t
get in to the
Navy.
up.
H i s s o l e a m b i t i o n was t o
He i s o f a v e r y j e a l o u s n a t u r e a n d e n v i e d h i s
b r o t h e r b e in g i n th e N av y .'
As a v e r y s m a l l c h i l d h e s h o w e d
n o m a d ic t e n d e n c i e s , h e was a lw a y s r u n n i n g away f r o m home. The a u t h o r i t i e s w ere a lw a y s b r i n g i n g him hom e.
The
15 au th o ritie s if
said h is re a c tio n to
t h e m was r e a s o n a b l y w e l l
g i v e n b y a m a n , b u t h e r e s e n t e d a n y o r d e r s g i v e n by a
wo m an.
T he m o t h e r s a i d t h a t s h e f e l t
t h i s was d u e t o t h e
f a c t t h a t h i s f a t h e r r e s e n t e d o r d e r s g i v e n b y a woman b e cause of h is orphanage.
c h i l d h o o d b e i n g s p e n t w i t h o n l y women i n t h e He h a s b e e n i n many f i g h t s ,
h e was n e v e r a f r a i d
o f f i g h t i n g th o u g h he n e v e r i n s t i g a t e d them .
He h a d many
b eh av io r problem s. Personal h a b its . ju stm e n ts.
He i s
not m arried .
th e servicem an d r in k s , a t home. tro u b le
The m o t h e r s t a t e d
s h e knows
th o u g h he had n e v e r had any l i q u o r
S h e a d v i s e d h e h a d b e e n d r i n k i n g w hen h e g o t i n t o th e l a s t tim e.
E d u catio n . school.
T h ere w ere no u n u s u a l s e x u a l ad
He a t t e n d e d t h e
first
tw o y e a r s o f h i g h
H i s a t t e n d a n c e was v e r y r e g u l a r u n t i l h i s
y e a r in high s c h o o l.
He was a l w a y s p r o m o t e d a n d v e r y b r i g h t .
H i s m o th e r s t a t e d h e h a d a good s c h o l a s t i c r e c o r d . n o t g e t a l o n g t o o w e l l w i t h h i s women t e a c h e r s , b e t t e r w ith men.
last
He d i d
d i d much
He g o t a l o n g f i n e w i t h h i s f e l l o w s t u d e n t s .
He was g i v e n a p s y c h o l o g i c a l t e s t b y a p s y c h i a t r i s t o f S a n Q u entin p e n i t e n t i a r y . Em ploym ent.
J . R . d id fa rm w ork.
He o n c e w e n t a s a
p a i d em ployee on a f i s h i n g f l e e t a n d he h a s d r i v e n t r u c k s .
16 He i s b o t h m e n t a l l y a n d p h y s i c a l l y a b o v e a v e r a g e . a v e r y g oo d w o r k e r , a l w a y s e f f i c i e n t ; advancem ent.
young f o r
He g o t a l o n g v e r y w e l l w i t h h i s f e l l o w w o r k e r s .
M ilita ry . Navy.
he was t o o
He was
He w a n t e d n o t h i n g m o r e t h a n t o b e i n t h e
Took e x a m i n a t i o n s f o r S u b m a rin e Corps a n d p a s s e d ;
w a s v e r y d i s a p p o i n t e d w hen t h e r e w e r e n o o p e n i n g s . never c o n trib u ted h is
e n try in to the
to h is
fa m ily 's
serv ice.
He h a d
f in a n c ia l needs p r io r to
He p a i d h i s d o c t o r a n d h o s p i t a l
b i l l f o r h i s appendectom y a f t e r he e n t e r e d th e s e r v i c e . H i s m o th e r s t a t e d h e i n s i s t e d on p a y i n g i t . a t t h e N a v a l S u p p l y A nnex i n R e n o .
She i s
The m o t h e r s t a t e d
se rv ic e m a n had a p p lie d f o r f a m ily a llo w a n c e b u t i t d isallo w ed . t o go i n t o
the
had been
S h e s t a t e d s h e was v e r y h a p p y w i t h h i s w a n t i n g th e Navy, she f e l t i t
h e r p ro b lem w ith him .
m ig h t be t h e s o l u t i o n t o
A ll th e fa m ily have a m i l i t a r y b a c k
ground, d a tin g back to h e r g r a n d fa th e r.
When h e was AWOL
h e s l e p t a n d a t e a t h o m e , b u t was w i t h t h e the tim e .
em ployed
"g an g ” m ost o f
I t w a s h i s m o t h e r who c a l l e d t h e a u t h o r i t i e s .
He d i d n o t h e l p
support th e fam ily a t t h i s tim e .
INTERPRETATIONS The i n f o r m a t i o n foun d i n t h e to
c a s e d a t a w o u ld seem
i n d i c a t e an o v e r - p r o t e c t i v e m o th er and an im p u ls iv e b o y .
17 J . R . ’ s m o t h e r m a k e s many s t a t e m e n t s w h i c h se e m t o sh o w s h e was o v e r - p r o t e c t i v e home f o r h e r t o
look a f t e r . "
such a s ,
" s h e w o u ld w an t him
She h as b r o u g h t o u t a l l o f
t h e b o y ’ s good p o i n t s and n e g l e c t e d som ew hat h i s p o o r q u a litie s. The b o y r e s e n t s women w h i c h i s t h a t he c o u ld n ’t
take orders
shown b y t h e f a c t
f r o m a woman, d i d n ’ t g e t a l o n g
w i t h women t e a c h e r s a l t h o u g h h e d i d w e l l i n s c h o o l o t h e r w ise; a lso
i t was b r o u g h t o u t t h a t a w o m a n , h i s m o t h e r ,
ad m in istere d a l l punishm ents.
T he b o y was a l s o
a lo v e a f f a i r and alo n g w ith h is b u ild
jilte d
in
e m o t i o n a l i m m a t u r i t y would
up a n e g a t i v e n e s s t o w a r d women. J . R . s e e m s t o be v e r y i m m a t u r e a n d e a s i l y g i v e s way
to h is
im p u lse s and a d o le s c e n t d e s i r e s w ith o u t c o n s id e r in g
th e p o ssib le
consequences.
L i f e u n d o u b t e d l y p r e s e n t e d q u i t e a p r o b l e m t o him after
t h e d e a t h o f h i s f a t h e r whom he i d o l i z e d a n d p e r h a p s
g av e him a n u n s e c u r e f e e l i n g . I f J . R . w e r e t o be away fro m h i s m o t h e r f o r a p e r i o d o f t i m e a n d m ade t o
t h i n k and r e a s o n f o r h i m s e l f , h e would
probably s tr a ig h te n o u t.
CHAPTER I Y CASE NUMBER I I Id e n tify in g in fo rm atio n .
J .H ., age tw e n ty -six *
U .S . M arine C o rps, s i n g l e , w h i t e , C a th o lic,
l i v e s a t home.
E nglish-W elsh d e s c e n t,
H is f a t h e r ,
age f i f t y ,
one o f t h e l o c a l s t e e l m i l l s , P r o t e s t a n t . age tw e n ty -n in e , m a rrie d , housew ife, P ro testan t. sin g le.
em ployed
H is s i s t e r ,
h as one c h i l d ,
B r o th e r , age tw e n ty -tw o , U .S . Navy, C a t h o l i c ,
B r o t h e r , age t w e n t y - e i $ i t , U .S . Navy, s i n g l e .
H i s m o th e r d i e d i n th e m onth o f N ovem ber, 1948. Source o f in f o r m a tio n .
S iste r,
S o c ia l S erv ice
E x c h a n g e , P u b l i c S c h o o l R e c o r d s , Moyer P a n t s F a c t o r y , and P ro b a te C o u rt. H is s i s t e r ,
is
sin c ere ly in te reste d t o h e lp him .
a p l e a s a n t p e r s o n , who a p p e a r s i n h e r b r o t h e r a n d w i l l do a n y t h i n g
She s a i d no o n e , o u t s i d e h e r s e l f and a f o r m e r
m a l e r o o m e r i n h e r h o m e , know o f J . H . ’ s d i f f i c u l t i e s . w i l l n o t t e l l any of h e r f r ie n d s or h e r b r o t h e r 's a lt h o u g h t h e y a s k a b o u t him , b e c a u s e she f e e l s be m ark ed ."
In th is
way, i f
can s t a r t w i t h a c le a n s l a t e .
She
frien d s,
"he w ould
he s h o u ld be d i s c h a r g e d ,
he
She s a i d J . H . was v e r y
b i t t e r t o w a r d s t h e M a r i n e C o r p s b e c a u s e h e f e e l s h e was n o t g i v e n a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o come home when h i s m o t h e r was
19 c ritic a lly
ill
and h i s
M arine a u t h o r i t i e s
le a v e had been a p p ro v e d b y t h e
i n W ashington.
It
seem s, a M arine i n
t h e s a m e o r g a n i z a t i o n m ade f a l s e a c c u s a t i o n s a g a i n s t J . H . Abnorm al s e x h a b i t s w ere t h e n a t u r e
of the
J . H . was s u p p o s e d l y a t
the a i r p o r t ,
ready to
wh en t h e MP’ s a r r e s t e d
him .
v e s t i g a t e d and found to
was d o n e .
come h o m e ,
T h ese c h a r g e s were l a t e r
be u n t r u e b u t ,
h ad d i e d and h e was r e f u s e d h i s was l a t e r d i s c h a r g e d ,
com plaint.
by t h e n ,
leav e.
in -
th e m other
T h is o t h e r M arine
under S e ctio n V III,
b u t t h e damage
J . H . m e n t i o n e d i n h i s l e t t e r s h e h a s a ’’d a t e ”
w i t h t h i s M a r in e , r e g a r d l e s s o f when he i s d i s c h a r g e d , he w i l l s e t t l e t h e a f f a i r in h i s
and
own m a n n e r .
The s i s t e r h a s w r i t t e n t o h e r b r o t h e r u r g i n g h i m n o t t o h a t e s o v i o l e n t l y and to t r y t o r e h a b i l i t a t e him self,
if
he i s
g u i l t y o f o t h e r c h arg es a g a i n s t him .
p r o m i s e s t o b e a g o o d e x a m p l e whe n i n c o n f i n e m e n t . ever, lik e
h is s i s t e r
w i l l be w e l c o m e a t h o m e . be co v ered l a t e r i n t h i s
I f he s h o u l d
th e
be d i s c h a r g e d he
R eports o f o th e r c o n ta c ts w i l l rep o rt.
D evelopm ental h i s t o r y .
J . H . was b o r n i n M ason, O h io ,
in a fam ily o f s ix c h ild re n .
no d i f f i c u l t i e s
How
i s w o r r i e d a b o u t h i s b i t t e r n e s s and w ould
h is th in k in g changed.
the t h i r d
He
B i r t h was n o r m a l ;
w ere e x p e rie n c e d b y t h e m o th e r o r c h i l d ;
c h i l d w a l k e d an d t a l k e d a t t h e u s u a l a g e ,
and as f a r
20 as h is s i s t e r
can r e c a l l h e r m o th e r s a i d ,
J . H . was n e v e r
any tr o u b le to h e r as a baby o r l a t e r . H e a l t h and m e d i c a l h i s t o r y . alw ays b een a h e a l t h y p e r s o n .
The s e r v i c e m a n h a s
He h a d t h e
u su a l ch ild h o o d
d i s e a s e s b u t t h e s e l e f t no a f t e r e f f e c t s .
He h a d h i s
t o n s i l s rem oved w hen a b o u t tw e lv e y e a r s o ld b e c a u s e he had a s o r e t h r o a t o c c a s i o n a l l y and t h e d o c t o r recommended i t . He d i d h a v e some k i n d o f c h e s t c a v e - i n a n d , when h e w e n t to
e n list
d itio n .
i n th e M arine C orps, he p o in te d o u t t h i s con A pparently,
i t was n o t i n c a p a c i t a t i n g o r d a n g e ro u s
f o r h e w a s a c c e p t e d w i t h no d i f f i c u l t y .
He n e v e r w o r r i e d
a b o u t h i m s e l f n o r d i d he d w e l l on t h i s one d i s a b i l i t y w h ic h he n o t e d . F am ily h i s t o r y .
A ccording t o h i s
siste r,
and c h i l d r e n were v e r y happy a n d c o n g e n i a l .
th e m other
The f a t h e r ,
a
d i s a b l e d v e t e r a n o f W o rl d War I , w a s a c o n t i n u a l s o u r c e o f c o n flict.
He s p e n t m o s t o f h i s
tim e i n and o u t o f d i f f e r e n t
V e te ra n ’s A d m in istra tio n m ental h o s p i t a l s , w ith a s e rv ic e connected d i s a b i l i t y .
As a r e s u l t , h i s
ch ild ren r e a lly
d i d n o t know h i m a n d t h e y f e l t no l o v e t o w a r d h i m .
When
t h e f a t h e r was home, b e tw e e n s t a y s i n t h e h o s p i t a l , he was c r i t i c a l o f h i s
c h i l d r e n ' s a f f e c t i o n f o r t h e i r m other
and h e r c o m p le te lo v e o f th e m .
He f e l t t h e m o t h e r w a s
21 m o n o p o liz e d by th e
c h i l d r e n a n d t h a t h e s h o u l d h a v e some
of h e r a t t e n t i o n .
He c o u l d n o t t o l e r a t e
th e youngsters*
a c t i v i t y , w h ic h w as n o rm a l f o r them and c o m p la in e d t h e y needed h a rsh d i s c ip l i n in g . at
The c h i l d r e n , who w e r e y o u n g
t h a t tim e , d id n o t u n d e rstan d t h e i r f a t h e r ’s m en tal
c o n d i t i o n and t h e y n a t u r a l l y r e s e n t e d him .
When t h i n g s
g o t so b a d , t h e f a t h e r would t u r n h i m s e l f b a ck i n t o t h e h o sp ital.
We d o n o t h a v e a d i a g n o s i s o f t h e
fa th e r’s
m ental c o n d itio n . D u r i n g t h e t i m e t h e f a t h e r was i n a n d o u t o f t h e h o sp ital,
t h e m other to o k in a ro o m e r-b o a rd e r t o
w ith expenses.
T h is ro o m er,
r e s p e c t e d him .
J .H ., according to h is
f o r th e room er th a n f o r h is A ccording to t h e
lik ed th e
th a t reason,
J.H .
c h ild re n and th ey siste r,
c a r e s more
own f a t h e r .
siste r,
p e r s o n who s a c r i f i c e d h e r s e l f was t o o good f o r th e m .
help out
h e r m o t h e r was a w o n d e r f u l
fo r her ch ild ren .
N othing
The c h i l d r e n l o v e d h e r a n d , f o r
f e l t v e ry b a d ly a b o u t n o t b e in g allow ed
to see her in her l a s t
illn e ss.
D i s c i p l i n e was n e v e r
n e c e s s a r y becau se she had a m anner i n g e t t i n g h e r c h i l d r e n t o do th in g s w i l l i n g l y . The f a t h e r ,
She never o rd e re d ,
but m erely asked.
o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , was d o m i n e e r i n g .
O u tsid e of th e f a t h e r ’s m ental i l l n e s s , b e en no u n u s u a l d i s e a s e s .
there
have
The m o th e r d i e d o f h i g h b lo o d
22 p r e s s u r e and a h e a r t c o n d i t i o n . her illn e ss
The s i s t e r f e e l s
so m e o f
was d u e t o t h e d o m e s t i c t e n s i o n .
P e rso n a lity .
J . H . was a v e r y h a p p y p e r s o n a n d w a s
a g o o d f r i e n d a n d h a d man y f r i e n d s .
How ever, i f anyone
h u r t him k n o w i n g l y , he d ro p p e d t h i s p e r s o n and w o u ld i g n o r e him .
The s i s t e r s a i d w h e n h e r b r o t h e r s w e r e h o m e , t h e
h o u s e was a lw a y s f u l l frie n d s to
o f young p e o p le a s t h e y a t t r a c t e d
t h e i r ho m e.
He a s s u m e d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n t h e
home, a s d i d t h e o t h e r c h i l d r e n ,
because of th e
f a c t his
m o th e r had t o be m o th e r and f a t h e r t o h e r c h i l d r e n . J.H . d a te d g i r l s ,
b u t n o t s e r i o u s l y u n t i l h e w^s
i n t h e s e r v i c e , when he b e c a m e e n g a g e d t o a n I t a l i a n g i r l i n New Y o r k .
Her p a re n ts o b je c te d
J.H . r e e n l i s t e d
to
t h e m a r r i a g e whe n
i n th e M arine C o rp s, a s t h e y had p lan n e d
f o r t h e i r d a u g h t e r and him t o
l i v e i n New Y o r k .
He f e l t
b a d l y a b o u t t h i s m a t t e r b u t i t d i d n o t s e e m t o a f f e c t h im to o s e r io u s ly ,
at
le a s t h is s i s t e r d id not th in k so, b u t
she did say J.H . never co n fid ed a g r e a t d e a l in anyone. He f e l t h e c o u l d h a n d l e h i s own p r o b l e m s a n d , a l s o , h e d i d not lik e
to w orry anyone.
He i s
now i n t e r e s t e d
in a g i r l
e m p l o y e d i n Guam, who h a s p r o m i s e d t o w a i t f o r h i m . In ta lk in g learn ed a l l and s i s t e r
about r e lig io n w ith th e
siste r,
i t was
the boys a r e C a t h o l i c , w h ile th e m o th e r, f a t h e r are P ro te s ta n t.
S h e e x p l a i n e d t h a t , w hen h e r
23 b r o t h e r s were o ld
enough t o u n d e rs ta n d r e l i g i o n ,
been a s s o c i a t i n g w ith C a th o lic boys and f e l t lik e to tak e m other.
in stru ctio n s.
The boys a r e s t i l l
t h e y had
t h e y would
T h i s was a g r e e a b l e t o
th eir
d e v o u t C a th o lic s and t a k e
th eir
re lig io n d u ties se rio u sly . J . H . was n e v e r a b e h a v i o r p ro b le m n o r d i d he h a v e a n y bad h a b i t s . Personal h a b its . norm al l i f e .
J.H .
is
s i n g l e and h a s l e d a
The s i s t e r s t a t e d t h a t i f h e r b r o t h e r had
b e e n " d i f f e r e n t ” s h e o r some o t h e r member o f t h e f a m i l y would have n o t i c e d i t .
The a c c u s a t i o n o f t h e M a r i n e ,
m e n t i o n e d e a r l i e r i n t h e h i s t o r y was f o u n d n o t t o b e t r u e . No d r u g o r a l c o h o l i s m i s E d u catio n .
S c h o o l r e c o r d s show J . H . w a s a g oo d
s t u d e n t wh en y o u n g e r , in sch o o l.
no ted .
but l a t e r appeared to
lo se in te r e s t
He l e f t s c h o o l w h e n s i x t e e n y e a r s o f a g e a n d
wh en o n l y i n t h e n i n t h g r a d e .
Some o f t h e l a c k o f i n t e r e s t
m ig h t have been a t t r i b u t e d
to
circu m stan ces
the f in a n c ia l d i f f i c u l t i e s
enco u n tered .
i n t h e home a n d
There a re
absence re c o rd s b u t th e se are not s e r io u s .
some
As s o m e s c h o o l
r e c o r d s s h o w , J o h n was a k i n d , q u i e t p e r s o n , a v e r a g e i n sc h o lastic a b ilitie s . in any o f h is
T h e r e a r e no p s y c h o l o g i c a l r e p o r t s
records.
He l i k e d b l u e p r i n t i n g a n d m e c h a n i c a l d r a w i n g .
He
24 also
lik e d to t i n k e r around e n g in e s .
H is s i s t e r r e c a l l s
h e r b r o t h e r had an o ld F ord onee and s p e n t h o u r s g e t t i n g it
i n good r u n n i n g c o n d i t i o n . Em ploym ent.
th e M arines,
F or a s h o r t tim e b e f o r e he e n te r e d
th e s e rv ic e m a n w orked f o r a P a n ts F a c to r y .
E m p l o y m e n t r e c o r d s w e r e n o t a v a i l a b l e t h e r e b e c a u s e he worked t h e r e th at,
after
so lo n g a g o .
H is s i s t e r a l s o m entioned
leav in g sch o o l,
J . H . w e n t i n t o t h e CCC's
so t h a t he co u ld h e lp h i s m o th e r w i t h f i n a n c e s .
He
r e c e iv e d an h o n o ra b le d is c h a r g e from t h e r e . M ilita ry . for p a trio tic
J.H . e n te re d th e M arines, p a r t i a l l y
r e a s o n s a n d a l s o t o g e t o u t o f t h e hom e.
H is f a t h e r had been r e l e a s e d from th e h o s p i t a l a t t h a t tim e and d i f f i c u l t i e s
again s t a r t e d .
b ro th e r,w a s i n th e Navy.
Too, h i s e l d e s t
He was m o s t a n x i o u s t o g o .
He l o v e d t h e s e r v i c e a n d a l l h i s
letters
so i n d i c a t e d .
He was d i s c h a r g e d f o r a s h o r t t i m e b u t r e e n l i s t e d s o h e m ake a c a r e e r o f t h e M a r i n e s .
U n til th e d eath of h is
m o t h e r , he was v e r y h a p p y w i t h h i s
life .
He now f e e l s
b i t t e r n e s s a g a i n s t t h e M a r i n e s b e c a u s e o f t h e f a c t h e was n o t p e r m i t t e d t o s e e h e r , e s p e c i a l l y when h e c l a i m e d t o be i n n o c e n t o f c h a r g e s a g a i n s t h im . J . H . was s a i d t o h av e b e en p r o u d o f h i s
o u t f i t and,
25 when o n l e a v e , e v e n t h o u g h p e r m i t t e d t o w e a r c i v i l i a n c l o t h e s , n e v e r w ent o u t i n them .
H i s u n i f o r m was c o n
s t a n t l y b e i n g p r e s s e d an d c le a n e d and he p r e s e n t e d a n im m aculate a p p e a ra n c e . He h a s s e n t money home w h i l e i n s e r v i c e a n d h i s siste r
s a i d s h e was s a v i n g i t
to h is f a t h e r , did s o .
f o r him .
He h a d s e n t money
t o o , t o s a v e f o r him a n d h o p e s t h e
He m e n t i o n e d t h i s
fath er
i n a s h o r t n o te he r e c e n t l y
se n t to h is s i s t e r .
INTERPRETATIONS T h i s boy seems t o be v e r y s e n s i t i v e
and u n a b l e t o
u n d e r s t a n d some o f t h e p r e s s u r e s a n d d e m a n d s l i f e upon him .
H is s e n s itiv e n e s s
i s show n by t h e f a c t t h a t h e
w o u ld d r o p f r i e n d s when t h e y h u r t him i n t h e
least*
r e s e n t m e n t f o r h i s f a t h e r seems t o have l i t t l e the
case,
a lt h o u g h he d i d
p laces
H is
b e a r i n g on
j o i n t o g e t away f r o m home.
J . H . was n e v e r a b e h a v i o r p r o b l e m e x c e p t h e d i d q u it sch o o l. I n my o p i n i o n , h i s s e n s i t i v e n e s s , c o u p l e d w i t h t h e f a c t t h a t h e w a s a r r e s t e d w h e n b o a r d i n g a p l a n e t o go t o h is
s i c k and d y i n g m o th e r ,
caused such a r e a c t i o n t h a t
J .H . d e c id e d t o .e s c a p e from t h e r e s t r i c t i o n s m i l i t a r y a n d w e n t AW01L.
of th e
H i s t h e f t , w h i c h was o f c i g a r e t t e s
26 and c a n d y , and h i s t h r e a t s m alicio u s
”t o g e t ” h i s a c c u s e r were n o t
i n n a t u r e and w ould n o t have b e e n c a r r i e d o u t
and have l i t t l e
sig n ific an c e here.
CHAPTER V CASE NUMBER I I I Id e n tify in g in fo rm atio n . w i t h h i s m o t h e r when a t h o m e . F ren ch and I r i s h d e s c e n t,
He i s
s i n g l e and l iv e d
w h i t e , o f German,
a n d was r a i s e d a B a p t i s t .
Sources of in fo rm a tio n . terrib ly
D .I. i s
At p r e s e n t the m other i s
w o r r i e d a b o u t h i m b u t w a n t s t o do a n y t h i n g t h a t
s h e can t o h e l p him and f r e e l y g a v e w h a t e v e r i n f o r m a t i o n was a s k e d o f h e r , e v e n v o l u n t e e r i n g m u c h .
When a n d i f h e
co m es h o m e , s h e w i l l r e c e i v e h i m a s t h o u g h n o t h i n g h a d h a p p e n e d , and h e l p him t o g e t a s t a r t i n s o m e th i n g n e a r h is
some* D . I . ’ s t e a c h e r d u r i n g 1 9 4 4 a n d 1 9 4 5 kn ew h i m j u s t
t h a t one y e a r a s I u n d e r s t a n d i t ; my r e q u e s t f o r
b u t p rom ptly answ ered
i n f o r m a t i o n an d seem ed v e r y c o n c e r n e d on
l e a r n i n g t h a t D . I . was i n t r o u b l e . D evelopm ental h i s t o r y . C i t y , M i s s o u r i , on A p r i l 3 , b irth ,
D . I . was born i n M iles
1930.
He w a s a v e r y o r d i n a r y
h is m other b e in g i n la b o r o n ly a few h o u r s .
was no a p p a r e n t
b irth
in ju ry ,
There
b u t when h e was t w o o r t h r e e
da y s o l d h i s e y e s b le d w henever he c r i e d .
The d o c t o r h a d
h i s m o th e r p u t a g a r o l i n them and t h e y h e a l e d .
He w a l k e d
28 a t a b o u t e l e v e n m onths o f a g e and b eg an t a l k i n g s h o r t l y a fte r.
He a l w a y s t a l k e d
very p l a i n l y .
He was a n u n
u s u a l l y g o o d b a b y a n d was b r o k e a t t e n m o n t h s .
He s l e p t
w i t h h i s m o th e r u n t i l he was a b o u t t w e l v e y e a r s
old b ecau se
of h is h a b it o f sleep w alk in g . of doors
if
He w o u l d g e t up a n d go o u t
s h e d i d n ’ t m anage t o g e t h im awake f i r s t .
The
l a s t t i m e sh e rem embers o f him w a l k in g i n h i s s l e e p ,
th ere
was s now o n t h e g r o u n d a n d when h e t o u c h e d t h e c o l d
snow
w ith h is bare f e e t ,
h e woke u p .
O fte n h h e would sc re a m
" 0 1 ” i n h i s s l e e p a n d a c t a s t h o u g h h e w e re f i g h t i n g some one.
He was v e r y much a f r a i d o f t h e d a r k a n d w o u l d n o t go
i n to o ld ho u ses t h a t boys u s u a l ly say a re h a u n te d . would n o t f i g h t ;
in f a c t ,
r a th e r than f i g h t .
he w ould t a k e a l l s o r t s
He of th in g s
He h a s a l w a y s b e e n v e r y t e n d e r - h e a r t e d
and n e v e r h e l d a g r u d g e ; he became a n g r y r a t h e r e a s i l y b u t d i d n o t h a v e mad f i t s . H e a l t h and m e d i c a l h i s t o r y . good h e a l t h .
D . I . was a lw a y s
in
He was n e v e r v e r y s i c k b u t o n c e whe n h e was
a b o u t e i g h t e e n m o n t h s o l d when h e r a n a h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e and a p p a r e n t l y had t h e d o cto r,
croup.
H is m other d id n o t have a
j u s t d o s e d h i m a s r many m o t h e r s do a n d h e g o t w e l l .
He h a d n e v e r b e e n h o s p i t a l i z e d f o r a n y r e a s o n .
The o n l y
i n j u r y h e r e c e i v e d w a s when he was a b o u t f i v e y e a r s o l d . A p l a y m a t e h i t him i n t h e b a c k o f t h e h e a d w i t h a p i e c e
29 of co al.
I t a p p a r e n t l y was n o t s e r i o u s
sm all s c a r .
M rs.
but d id leav e a
I l z d i d n o t t a k e h im t o
he d i d n o t f e e l w e l l , he would j u s t l i e
a d o cto r.
When
a ro u n d u n t i l he
f e l t b e t t e r b u t was g o o d a b o u t t a k i n g m e d i c i n e i f h i s m o th e r w anted him t o .
He w a s g o o d t o a n y o n e s i c k , f u l l
o f sym pathy b u t n o t p a r t i c u l a r l y w o r r i e d . F am ily h i s t o r y .
H is m other i s g r e a t l y
and v e ry w o rried a b o u t D . I . ’ s t r o u b l e , m o t h e r ’ s boy t o h e r . M ontana,
but he i s
He h a s a h a l f - s i s t e r ,
and a a h a I f - b r o t h e r , l i v i n g
concerned still
liv in g in
in In d ian a,
who a r e
tw e n ty -tw o and t w e n ty - s ix y e a r s o ld r e s p e c t i v e l y . are
They
c h i l d r e n o f D . I . ’ s m o t h e r by a f o r m e r m a r r i a g e .
l o s t a baby g i r l o f t h i s m a rria g e a ls o .
She
She h a s a lw ay s
had t h e d a u g h t e r , b u t t h e f a t h e r to o k t h e o t h e r s o n when h e was a b o u t t h r e e y e a r s o l d .
D . I . and h i s h a l f - s i s t e r
g o t a lo n g a s w e l l a s m ost b r o th e r s and s i s t e r s , more o r < .l e s s , o th er.
but s t i l l each f e l t
l o y a l t y tow ard th e
He l o v e d c h i l d r e n a n d l i k e d t o h a v e s m a l l c h i l d r e n
a r o u n d h i m e v e n a f t e r h e was f i f t e e n If
fought
t h e y f u s s e d among t h e m s e l v e s ,
r a t h e r th a n s c o ld them .
or s ix te e n y e a rs
h e w o u l d s e n d t h e m home
S om etim es he w ould t e l l h i s
m o t h e r h e w o u l d n o t do s o m e t h i n g s h e t o l d t h e n h e would t u r n
o ld .
r i g h t aro u n d a n d do i t .
him t o d o , b u t He h a d no
p a r t i c u l a r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o t h e r th a n household c h o r e s .
30 When t h e y n e e d e d c o a l , h e w o r k e d t o p a y f o r i t .
He p a i d
f o r h a v in g t h e g a rd e n plow ed and a n y t h i n g o f th e
sort
he had money.
D . I . ’ s f a t h e r a n d m other a r e n o t d i v o r c e d ,
b u t th ey have n o t l iv e d years o ld .
t o g e t h e r s i n c e D a v i d w a s a b o u t two
N e i t h e r i s f o r e i g n b o r n and r e l i g i o n w as n o t a
source o f c o n f lic t. O regon.
if
The f a t h e r ’ s l a s t a d d r e s s was P o r t l a n d ,
He h a s n o t b e e n t o s e e t h e f a m i l y s i n c e C h r i s t m a s
fiv e years ago.
B e f o r e c o m i n g hom e, h e s e n t D . I . b o o t s ,
c o a t a n d p a n t s a n d w he n home h e g a v e t h e f a m i l y $ 5 0 . 0 0 . D l l . was n o t f o r b i d d e n t o t a l k o f h i s f a t h e r o r t o g o t o s e e him .
About t h r e e y e a r s ago he h e a rd t h a t h i s f a t h e r
was i n A u s t i n ,
Texas.
H i s m o t h e r g a v e h i m m o ney t o g o
a n d s e e h i m , b u t when D . I . a r r i v e d f i n d no t r a c e o f h i s f a t h e r . i n g f o r him .
in A u stin ,
He e v e n h a d t h e p o l i c e l o o k
S ince th e p a re n ts d id not liv e
m other has been th e head of th e f a m i ly . p eo p le th re e y e a r s .
i s w orking i n a la u n d r y .
e at.
to g eth er,
the
She k e p t house f o r
S i n c e t h e n sh e h a s worked i n r e s t a u r a n t s
o r do a n y k i n d o f w o r k t h a t s h e
stan ces.
he could
could f i n d .
They h a v e b e e n i n f a i r
L i v i n g on a r a n c h ,
circum
t h e r e was a l w a y s p l e n t y t o
They a lw a y s had d e c e n t c l o t h e s
t h i n k s m ay be s h e was n o t s t r i c t and gave th em to o much.
At p r e s e n t s h e
to w e a r.
The m o th e r
enough w ith h e r c h i l d r e n
P e r h a p s , s h e t h i n k s now , s h e
s h o u l d h a v e m ad e t h e m w o r k f o r some o f t h e t h i n g s t h e y
31 w a n t e d , b u t s h e a l w a y s g o t th e m w h a t e v e r t h e y w a n t e d , w h e t h e r i t was a h o r s e ,
a sad d le,
a r r a n g e d f o r them t o h a v e i t , h e r s e l f t h i n g s she n eed ed .
o r a new d r e s s , s h e
even i f sh e had to deny
She d i d n o t w ant them t o w a n t
f o r a n y th in g t h a t th e y m ight have had i f t o p r o v i d e f o r them .
th e y had a f a t h e r
The c h i l d r e n seem ed t o t a k e a l l
th o s e t h i n g s f o r g r a n te d and d id n o t a p p r e c i a t e them . As t o t h e h e a l t h h i s t o r y o f t h e f a m i l y ,
th e m other does
n o t know m uch a b o u t h e r h u s b a n d ’ s f a m i l y o r e v e n w h e r e t h e y are,
a l t h o u g h s h e t h o u g h t one o f h i s b r o t h e r s had d i e d w ith
q u ick co n sum ption.
One o f h e r m o t h e r ’ s s i s t e r s
had
e p ile p sy . P e rso n a lity . and l i k e a b l e . w ith o th e r
D .I.
is
an a m i a b l e p e r s o n ,
He p l a y e d a l o n e a b o u t a s much a s h e p l a y e d
ch ild ren .
S o m e t i m e s h e was t h e
p l a y and o t h e r tim e s he seem ed t o low er.
lead er in th e ir
be c o n te n t to be a f o l
He was t i m i d r a t h e r t h a n a s h o w - o f f , b u t r a t h e r
h ig h -stru n g . c h ild .
in te llig en t
He h a d a s much s e n s e o f d u t y a s t h e a v e r a g e
H i s h o b b 3r s e e m e d t o b e t e a r i n g down a n d r e b u i l d i n g
m ach in ery .
H i s m o th e r s a i d t h a t s h e h a d b o u g h t him tw o
o l d c a r s w h i c h he t o r e down a n d r e b u i l t a s f a r a s h e w a s a b le.
H is
l e i s u r e t i m e was s p e n t s l e e p i n g o r r e a d i n g
d e te c t i v e and w estern s t o r i e s . any a n im al t h a t
He w o u l d m ake a p e t o f
came a l o n g a n d was a l w a y s k i n d t o t h e m .
52 %He w a s g e n e r a l l y h a p p y - g o - l u c k y . h i m a t a d o l e s c e n c e was t h e
About th e o n ly change i n
common o n e o f s u d d e n l y b e i n g
very clean in ste a d of th e o p p o site . frien d s,
n o s p e c i a l o n e , m o s t o f t h e m one o r t w o y e a r s
o l d e r th a n he, and of s o c i a l l y fact,
He h a d l o t s o f g i r l
i t was h i s
approved f a m i l i e s .
In
g i r l f i i e n d t h a t g o t him i n t e r e s t e d
in
g o i n g t o t h e F o u r S q u a r e C h u rc h and s t u d y i n g t h e B i b l e a y e a r ago l a s t
su m m e r .
I t was n o t h i s m o t h e r ’ s c h u r c h ,
s i n c e h e w a n t e d t o go t h e r e w i t h h i s f r i e n d s , it
t h a t he had c l e a n c l o t h e s
going.
She th o u g h t t h a t t h i s
f e r e n c e i n him . fe re n t tim es.
but
s h e saw t o
t o w e ar and e n c o u r a g e d him i n e x p e r i e n c e m ade q u i t e a d i f
He h a d t w o s p e c i a l b o y f r i e n d s a t d i f He was no h a n d t o t a l k a b o u t h i s a f f a i r s ,
b u t v e r y f r e q u e n t l y h e w o u l d b r i n g f r i e n d s home w i t h h i m , som etim es f o r m e a ls , o t h e r tim e s
j u s t f o r an h o u r o r s o .
A l l h e e v e r seemed t o w a n t t o do was d r i v e a t r u c k o r some k in d o f m e c h a n ic a l w ork.
He o f t e n t h r e a t e n e d t o r u n a w a y
f r o m home b u t n e v e r d i d .
He s e e m e d t o r e s e n t a u t h o r i t y ,
b u t was n o t
o p e n ly so e x c e p t w ith h i s m o th er a t t im e s .
did no t g et
in to f ig h ts ; in f a c t ,
fig h tin g .
He
h e seemed t o be a f r a i d
T h e r e w ere no s p e c i a l b e h a v i o r p ro b le m s c o n
c e r n i n g him
u n t i l h e was a b o u t t e n o r t w e l v e y e a r s o l d .
A y o u n g man
s e v e n t e e n o r e i g h t e e n s t a y e d w i t h th e m and
worked f o r h i s m o t h e r ’s b r o t h e r - i n - l a w .
H is m other and
of
33 h a l f - s i s t e r h a d a number o f k e e p s a k e s o f no p a r t i c u l a r v a l u e t o anyone e x c e p t t o them w h ic h t h e y k e p t i n a s m a ll s u i t c a s e i n t h e i r own b e d r o o m . th in g s
T h i s y o u n g man s t o l e
i n c l u d i n g a r i n g w hich a t e a c h e r had g iv e n t h e h a l f -
siste r.
T h i s y o u n g man g a v e t h i s
rin g to a n ie c e ,
knew w i t h o u t a d o u b t h e h a d t a k e n i t D .I. to
se v era l of these
so th e y
and t h e o t h e r t h i n g s .
w o r s h i p p e d t h i s y o u n g man a n d a b o u t t h a t t i m e h e b e g a n
ta k e t h i n g s t h a t belonged t o h i s m o th e r and s i s t e r .
s u p p o s e d ly to o k $10.00 from h i s g ra n d m o th e r. back b e f o r e h e l e f t f o r th e Havy, b u t s t i l l he d id n o t ta k e i t . be q u e s t i o n e d ,
He p a i d in sisted
He it
th at
S om etim es i t seem ed t o a n g e r him t o
o th e r tim es
i t did n o t.
A b o u t t h e same
tim e he began l y i n g a b o u t a n y th in g and e v e r y t h in g . m o th e r h ad t a u g h t t h e c h i l d r e n t o be t r u t h f u l .
H is
When D . I .
w a s a b o u t f o u r y e a r s o l d a n d h i s m o t h e r was k e e p i n g h o u s e , s h e p a d d l e d him o n e d a y f o r m a r k i n g on s o m e th i n g w i t h crayons.
He s a i d h e d i d n o t d o i t ,
t h a t he d id ,
s o h e was p a d d l e d .
Personal h a b its . q u estio n s
S ince D .I .
is
not m arried,
th ese
c an n o t be a n sw e re d .
E d u catio n . fin ish ed
but h is s i s t e r said
D .I . went to
the e ig h th g ra d e .
u n t i l h is l a s t y e a r.
s c h o o l u n t i l he had n e a r l y
He was r e g u l a r
in atten d an ce
H i s m o t h e r t h o u g h t h e was g o i n g t o
34 s c h o o l b u t fo u n d o u t l a t e r t h a t he w ould s t a r t a n d t h e n go a c r o s s t h e
for school
c a n y o n t o t h e home o f a y o u n g m a r r i e d
man a n d h e l p h i m w i t h h i s w o r k . Th e f o l l o w i n g r e p o r t f r o m o n e o f h i s f o r m e r i n stru c to rs
in school e x p la in s h is a t t i t u d e
and b e h a v i o r
in sch o o l. I r a t h e r l i k e d t h e c h i l d , b u t h e was s p o i l e d . H is m o th e r t h o u g h t t h e su n r o s e and s e t i n him . I t h i n k s h e had l o t s o f t r o u b l e w i t h hini, a l s o s h e g a v e h i m t o o m u ch m on ey f o r h i s own g o o d . I a l w a y s t h o u g h t t h e Army o r N a v y w o u l d d o h i m some g o o d . He m i x e d f a i r l y w e l l w i t h t h e r e s t o f t h e s t u d e n t s , was v e r y m i s c h i e v o u s , n o t h i n g mean, j u s t l i t t l e d e v i l i s h t h i n g s . S p ellin g seemed t o be h i s h a r d e s t s u b j e c t . He w o u ld have been an above a v e ra g e s t u d e n t i f he had a p p l i e d h i m s e l f . He l i k e d t o p l a y s o f t b a l l , b u t was r a t h e r a w k w a r d . He l i k e d t o p l a y h o o k e y . I d o n ’ t r e m e m b e r w h i c h s u b j e c t was h i s e a s i e s t . (One o f h i s t e a c h e r s s a i d i t w a s a r i t h m e t i c . ) I b e l i e v e i f he l i k e d y o u he w ould do a n y t h i n g he c o u ld f o r y o u . I f he d i d n ' t , h e would c a u s e tro u b le fo r you. Em ploym ent. en te red
S i n c e D . I . was s o y o u n g w h e n h e f i r s t
th e s e r v i c e , he p r e v i o u s ly had h e ld
He d i d some f a r m w o r k .
j u s t odd j o b s .
H o w e v e r , h i s s i s t e r g o t h i m a g o od
p a y i n g jo b a t an a i r p l a n e b a s e a b o u t two y e a r s a g o . was w o r k i n g a t t h e sa m e p l a c e a t t h e t i m e . h i s work s a t i s f a c t o r i l y a n d f i n a l l y h i s
She
He d i d n o t do
s i s t e r was a s k e d
t o g e t h i m t o g o home s o t h a t t h e y w o u l d n o t h a v e t o
fire
him . M ilita ry .
D .I.
was v e r y a n x i o u s t o g e t i n t o
the
35
Navy;
in f a c t ,
lie h a d w a n t e d h i s m o t h e r t o g i v e h e r c o n
s e n t b e f o r e he was s i x t e e n . " w o uld
She t h o u g h t maybe t h e Navy
t a k e t h e k i n k s o u t o f h i m . 1’
She had t r i e d
to h elp
h i m make a n a d j u s t m e n t b y e n c o u r a g i n g l e t t e r s a n d o f f e r s of h elp .
She s e n t h i m money when h e a s k e d f o r
i s n o t s u r e w h e t h e r h e was AWOL o r d e s e r t e d . w ith h e r w h ile a b se n t from th e Navy. s in c e O ctober,
it.
She
He was n o t
He h a s n o t b e e n home
1947, r i g h t a f t e r he f i n i s h e d h i s b o o t
tra in in g .
INTERPRETATIONS T h is boy, from th e in fo rm a tio n g iv e n ,
was d e f i n i t e l y
a " m o t h e r ’ s b o y " a n d u n a b l e t o s t a n d o n h i s own f e e t .
He
a p p e a rs to have s e v e r a l fe m in in e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and has n e v e r b e e n a " r e a l b o y " o r a m a n 's man. He s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n v e r y i n t r o v e r t i v e , n o t c a r i n g to play w ith o th er
c h i l d r e n to o much.
a n d h i g h - s t r u n g a n d w o u l d g i v e way t o
He was a l s o anger,
tim id
a lth o u g h he
refused to f ig h t. He s e e m s t o h a v e r e s e n t e d h i s m o t h e r ' s o v e r p r o tectiv en ess away.
w h i c h was i n d i c a t e d b y h i s t h r e a t e n i n g t o r u n
T h is seems t o be o n l y l o g i c a l r e a s o n f o r d o i n g s o ,
b e c a u s e h e was g r a n t e d a n y t h i n g he d e s i r e d a n d was p u n i s h e d in freq u e n tly .
A lso, h is g re a t d e s i r e to
j o i r i t h e Navy w ould
36
te n d to augment t h i s
con clu sio n .
H is c h o ice o f g i r l s
s e e m s t o show t h a t ,
re s e n te d h is m o th er’s a t t i t u d e be m o th e re d and p r e f e r r e d g i r l s I t is D .I. in
and a f f e c t i o n ,
a lth o u g h he he needed to
more m a t u r e t h a n h i m s e l f .
th e o p in io n of th e w r ite r th a t th e
case of
shows h im t o be u n a b l e t o c a r r y h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s
t h e Navy o r on a n y o t h e r
j o b , a s was p o i n t e d o u t p r e v i
o u s l y t h a t h e was r e l i e v e d o f a w e l l - p a y i n g j o b a t a n a i r base.
A p p a r e n t l y h e w a s r e l y i n g o n t h a t same p r o t e c t i v e
n e s s o f h i s m o th e r and c o u ld n o t f a c e s i t u a t i o n s a l o n e .
CHAPTER VI CASE NUMBER I V Id en tify in g ; in fo rm a tio n . P rio r to h is se rv ic e
T .M ., m a rrie d J u n e ,
i n t h e U . S . N a v y h e m ad e h i s home i n
R eno, Nevada w ith h i s p a r e n t s . A m erican, w h i t e ,
1948.
The s e r v i c e m a n i s a n
a n d m em ber o f t h e P r o t e s t a n t f a i t h .
So
f a r as th e s e r v ic e m a n 's b r o t h e r knows, he do es n o t have any c h ild r e n . Sources of in fo rm a tio n .
O u r i n f o r m a t i o n was s e c u r e d
f r o m t h e s e r v i c e m a n ' s b r o t h e r , who i s
tw en ty -sev en y e a rs
o ld and fro m th e r e c o r d s a t t h e S o c i a l E xchange. We w e r e u n a b l e t o i n t e r v i e w
th e s e rv ic e m a n 's m o th er,
b e c a u s e s h e s p e a k s t h e P e n n s y l v a n i a G erm an d i a l e c t o n l y . The s e r v i c e m a n 's f a t h e r w i l l n o t d i s c u s s h i s n o t s p o k e n t o him s i n c e
1945.
A ccording to th e b r o t h e r , to
t h e m o t h e r w i l l be g l a d
s e e h e r s o n w h e n e v e r h e c a n come h o m e .
to f e e l th a t h is m other.
so n and h a s
A l s o , h e seemed
b r o t h e r had alw ays b e e n a w orry t o h is
The b r o t h e r h e l p e d w i t h t h e i n t e r v i e w f o r h i s
m o th e r’ s sake, r a t h e r th a n f o r h i s b r o t h e r 's b e n e f i t . D evelopm ental h i s t o r y . August 5,
T h e s e r v i c e m a n was b o r n
19 2 7 i n h i s p a r e n t ’ s home a t R e n o , N e v a d a .
The
b r o t h e r was u n a b le t o rem ember a n y t h i n g i n p a r t i c u l a r a b o u t
38 h i s b r o t h e r ’ s d evelopm ent as a l l th e c h i l d r e n w ere boarded o u t f o r t h e i r fo o d and l o d g i n g fro m t h e age o f e i g h t y e a r s on,
e x c e p t T . M . , who w a s t h e y o u n g e s t o f t w e l v e c h i l d r e n . H e a l t h and m e d i c a l h i s t o r y .
So f a r a s t h e s e r v i c e
m a n ’ s b r o t h e r r e m e m b e r e d , T .M . h a d a l w a y s b e e n i n go o d h e alth . F am ily h i s t o r y . siste rs
T .M . h a s s i x b r o t h e r s a n d t h r e e
a l l o ld e r than h e.
b e f o r e h e was b o r n .
Two o t h e r c h i l d r e n h a d d i e d
T h e r e d o e s n o t seem t o h a v e been a n y
e v i d e n c e o f a f f e c t i o n e v e r e x i s t i n g i n t h e home. sta te d
i n th e above p a ra g ra p h ,
As i s
e a c h c h i l d was b o a rd e d o u t
f o r h i s k e e p in g from t h e age of e i g h t y e a r s on w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f T .M .
The b r o t h e r s e e m e d t o f e e l t h a t t h i s
was r e s p o n s i b l e f o r T.M. b e c o m in g s p o i l e d a n d d i f f i c u l t to h a n d le .
The b r o t h e r s t a t e d
learn ed e a rly liv in g ,
in l i f e
th a t a l l the o th e r c h ild re n
that, p e o p le have to
b u t T.M. h a s h a d d i f f i c u l t y In d escrib in g th e ir fa th e r,
work t o e a r n a
in accep tin g th is f a c t . th e b ro th e r r e f e r r e d
to
him a s " h a p p y -g o -lu c k y o l d t o p e r , " m ean in g t h a t t h e f a t h e r s p e n t a gpod p a r t of th e t im e u n d e r th e A ccording to th e b r o t h e r ,
the fa th e r
in flu en ce o f a lc o h o l.
s t o p p e d a t t h e b a r on
h i s way home f r o m w o r k e v e r y d a y a n d a r r i v e d home d r u n k . The f a t h e r a b u s e d w h a t e v e r c h i l d r e n came i n h i s w a y . t h e w hole, t h e
On
c h ild r e n endeavored t o keep t h e i r m other
39 o u t o f t h e i r f a t h e r ’ s s i g h t w h e n e v e r h e was d r u n k o r e l s e he w ould a b u s e h e r t o o .
The b r o t h e r s t a t e d h i s
f a th e r has
alw ays been w o r th le s s i n h i s o p i n io n . A ll th e
c h ild re n are m arried , w ith th e e x cep tio n o f
o n e , a n d l i v e aw ay f r o m h o m e . fre q u e n tly as th ey are
They s e e one a n o t h e r i n
b u s y w i t h t h e i r own j o b s a n d f a m i l i e s .
T h e m o t h e r h a s c a r e d f o r t h e cows f o r t h e p e o p l e , whose f a rm t h e y l i v e ,
and h elp ed
on
i n o t h e r s m a l l ways t o p a y
f o r th e r e n t and e l e c t r i c i t y . The f a t h e r h a s u s u a l l y w o r k e d a t a v r i o u s f o u n d r i e s in and aro u n d Reno, b u t b e c a u se o f h i s d r i n k i n g h a b i t s h a s n e v e r b e e n a b l e t o h o ld a good job o r e a r n a good s a l a r y . P e rso n a lity .
A ccording to
the b r o th e r ,
man h a s u s u a l l y b e e n i n m i l d t r o u b l e headed approach to l i v i n g . t o him .
the s e r v i c e
because of h is
stro n g
One c o u l d n e v e r g i v e a n y a d v i c e
The s e r v i c e m a n w a s u s u a l l y s e n t home f r o m s c h o o l
b e n a u s e he h a d g o t t e n i n t o t r o u b l e . u s u a l l y t h e wrong k i n d .
H is f r i e n d s were
He w o u l d h a n g a r o u n d h o t e l s w i t h
h i s g a n g and g e t m ixed up w i t h t h e g i r l s
th a t did lik e w ise .
T he f a t h e r a n d t h e s u b j e c t c a s e h a d a d i s a g r e e m e n t i n 1 9 4 5 a t a t i m e when b o t h h a d b e e n d r i n k i n g .
The. f a t h e r h a d n o t
spoken to th e servicem an s in c e t h a t tim e . t h e arg u m en t i s n o t known.
The c a u s e o f
The f a t h e r ' r e f u s e d
a n y t h i n g a b o u t o r d i s c u s s T .M . s i n c e t h a t t i m e .
to hear T.M . h a d
40 a g ir l frien d
b e fo r e h i s e n l i s t m e n t and th e b r o t h e r n e v e r
t h o u g h t m u ch o f h e r .
She m a r r i e d a f r i e n d
o f T .M .’ s w hile
h e was a w a y . T .M . n e v e r p a r t i c i p a t e d p re fe rre d to h o tel. life
i n s p o r t s i n s c h o o l , he
’’bum” a r o u n d w i t h h i s
frie n d s a t the lo c a l
He h a s n e v e r b e e n c o n t r o l l e d a n d h a s s p e n t h i s
r e s e n t i n g and d is o b e y in g a u t h o r i t y . P ersonal h a b its .
The s e r v i c e m a n m a r r i e d a t w e n t y -
o n e y e a r o l d g i r l i n Guam i n J u n e ,
1948.
The f a m i l y d o e s
n o t know h e r name o r w h a t s h e l o o k s l i k e .
H is b r o th e r
s a i d h e u n d e r s t o o d t h e g i r l ’ s f a t h e r owne d f o u r s u g a r refin eries tic u la rly
i n Guam.
The f a m i l y d o e s n ’ t
se e m t o b e p a r
c u r i o u s a b o u t T . M . ’ s w i f e a n d t h e y h a v e no i d e a
how t h e m a r r i a g e h a s w o r k e d . A ccording t o h is b r o t h e r ,
T .M . h a s a l w a y s b e e n a
’’g o o d d r i n k e r " o f a l c o h o l a n d u s u a l l y
sm o k e s a b o u t a p a c k
of c ig a re tte s per day. E d u ca tio n .
The s e r v i c e m a n w e n t a s f a r a s t h e
e ig h th grade in s c h o o l.
He s e e m e d t o h a v e a h a r d t i m e
g e t t i n g a lo n g in s c h o o l because he r e s e n te d a u t h o r i t y and r e f u s e d
t o c o o p e r a t e o r be t o l d
t o do t h i n g s .
l o w e r g r a d e s T .M . w a s s e n t home f a i r l y E m ploym ent.
In the
o fte n fo r m isb eh av io r.
The s e r v i c e m a n u s u a l l y g o t a l o n g w e l l
41 in h is
j o b s b u t a f t e r s e v e r a l m o n t h s h e w o u l d g e t mad a b o u t
s o m e th in g and q u i t .
H is l a s t
was i n a s h o e f a c t o r y . M ilita ry .
job p r i o r t o h i s e n l i s t m e n t
O th e r jo b s he had w ere f a r m w o rk .
B ecause o f th e fo re g o in g h i s t o r y o f th e
s e r v i c e m a n , h i s b r o t h e r c o u l d n o t u n d e r s t a n d w h y TiM . e n liste d
in the s e r v ic e .
him b u t i n h i s the
The b r o t h e r e x p l a i n e d Army l i f e
to
c u sto m a ry h a r d - h e a d e d way, he e n l i s t e d i n
serv ice. H i s b r o t h e r b e l i e v e s t h a t t h e s e r v i c e m a n was AWOL
for th irty th is
is
d a y s i n J u l y 1 9 4 8 , b u t h e d o e s n o t know t h a t
the re a so n f o r th e servicem an c u r r e n t ly being h eld
in the D is c ip lin a r y B a rra ck s. The l a s t w o r d t h e s e r v i c e m a n ' s w as a C h r i s t m a s c a r d .
f a m i l y h ad f r o m him
H is m other i s m ost concerned a b o u t
h e r so n b e c a u s e a l l o f h i s p e r s o n a l b e l o n g i n g s seem t o h a v e b e e n s e n t home b y t h e M i l i t a r y w i t h n o e x p l a n a t i o n . The m o t h e r w o u l d l i k e t o a n d w hy a l l
know j u s t w h a t h e r s o n h a d d o n e
o f h i s p e r s o n a l b e l o n g i n g s a r e b e i n g s e n t home.
The s e r v i c e m a n ' s b r o t h e r s a i d h e w o u l d p r e f e r t o have the M i lita r y
c o r r e s p o n d w ith him r a t h e r t h a n th e
m other because she i s
e a s i l y u p s e t and s h e d o es n o t w a n t
h i s f a t h e r t o know t h a t h i s s o n i s now i n t h e D i s c i p l i n a r y B arracks.
42 INTERPRETATIONS T his g eh eral.
boy seem s t o b e r e b e l l i o u s
He h a s b e e n t h e
a n d i s now s u f f e r i n g t h e He i n s u l t e d h i s
"you c a n ’t
tow ard th e w orld in
t e l l me a n y t h i n g ” t y p e
consequences.
f a t h e r i n 1945 and h a s n o t been
s p o k e n t o b y him s i n c e .
He i s t h o u g h t l i t t l e
o f by t h e
r e s t o f th e f a m ily and u n d o u b te d ly r e s e n t s t h i s . When a c i v i l i a n
he r e f u s e d t o work a n d w ould q u i t
a jo b a f t e r t h r e e o r f o u r m onths b e c a u s e s o m e t h i n g d i d n ’ t a p p e a l t o him . He d i d n ’ t
seem t o be a b l e t o d i s t i n g u i s h betw een
r i g h t and w rong a n d when a b o u t f i f t e e n y e a r s o l d , he h u n g a ro u n d h o t e l s and m ixed w i t h u n d e s i r a b l e p e r s o n a l i t i e s . He a l s o d r a n k q u i t e a b i t a n d sm ok e d h e a v i l y . H i s e n l i s t m e n t was a g a i n s t t h e a d v i c e o f h i s but his p e rs is te n t a ttitu d e
f o u n d h i m i n t h e N a v y , a n d when
so m ething w ent a g a i n s t
h i s way o f t h i n k i n g , a n d h i s
rese n tfu l of a u th o rity
h e w e n t AWOL*
T his c a se ,
from a l l
and t o be t a u g h t w h at h i s to s o c i e ty should be.
b ro th er,
in d icatio n s,
b ein g
needs d i s c i p l i n e
r e s p o n s i b i li t y to h im self
He s h o u l d b e m ade t o g e t i n
and lin e .
CHAPTER V I I CASE NUMBER Id e n tify in g in fo rm a tio n .
V
R . H . i s now m a r r i e d t o a
g i r l w h o s e m a i d e n name w a s J . B . a n d t h e a baby t h is
sp rin g .
couple i s
ex p ectin g
He m ade h i s home w i t h h i s p a r e n t s w h i l e
h e was o u t o f t h e s e r v i c e .
H is r e l i g i o u s background i s
B a p t i s t a l t h o u g h h e i s n o t a member o f a n y c h u r c h . Source o f in fo rm a tio n .
S o c ial h isto ry
was o b t a i a e d fr o m h i s m o t h e r , whose a t t i t u d e s o n i s one o f a p r o t e c t i v e a p p r e c i a t i o n .
in fo rm atio n tow ard h e r
She m en tio n ed
t h a t s h e was v e r y d i s a p p o i n t e d i n h i s f a i l u r e t o
comply
w i t h N a v a l r e g u l a t i o n s a n d a l t h o u g h s h e was m o s t w i l l i n g to g iv e
info rm atio n d u rin g th e
our q u estio n s
in terv iew , her r e p lie s
to
i n d i c a t e d t h a t h e r s o n was a m o d e l c h i l d o r
e l s e s h e was " w h i t e - w a s h i n g ” h i s c h a r a c t e r .
The o n l y o t h e r
r e c o r d c o n s u l t e d was t h e S o c i a l S e r v i c e E x c h a n g e w h i c h i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e f a m i l y was unknown t o a n y s o c i a l a g e n c y in th e
com m unity. D evelopm ental h i s t o r y .
January
3,
1928 i n H o u s to n ,
was no b i r t h velopm ent .
T he s e r v i c e m a n wa,s b o r n
T e x a s , a home d e l i v e r y .
T here
i n j u r y an d n o t h i n g u n u s u a l i n h i s e a r l y d e
44 H e a lth and m e d ic a l h i s t o r y . alw ays been good.
H is g e n e r a l h e a l t h h as
He s u f f e r e d t h e u s u a l c h i l d h o o d
ill
n e s s e s b u t was a l w a y s t a k e n c a r e o f a t home a n d n e v e r h o s p i t a l i z e d f o r any p h y s i c a l o r m en tal d is o r d e r . F am ily h i s t o r y .
The f a m i l y ,
as th e servicem an
grew up,
c o n s is te d o f h is p a re n ts and s i x
siste rs,
t h e o l d e s t o f whom i s now t w e n t y - n i n e a n d t h e
youngest is e ig h t y ears o ld . m arried .
One s i s t e r
A b r o t h e r and s i s t e r a r e
h a s b e e n m a r r i e d a n d i s now s e p a r a t e d .
T hree c h ild r e n a re s t i l l a t tw elv e;
b r o t h e r s and
and a boy, e i g h t .
f a m i l y seem s t o be g o o d . fam ily i s p a r t i c u l a r l y
h o m e, a b o y , e i g h t e e n ; The g e n e r a l r e l a t i o n
a g irl,
of th e
The m o th e r s t a t e s ' t h a t h e r
c lo se -k n it.
He h a s a l w a y s b e e n
c o o p e ra tiv e and r e s p e c t f u l o f h is p a r e n t a lth o u g h he has a ssu m e d no r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r th e m f i n a n c i a l l y . fa th e r* s o ccu p atio n i s
en g in eer w ith th e R ailro ad
he h a s been em ployed s i n c e J u n e , v id ed adequate su p p o rt f o r h is
1921.
H is
larg e fam ily ,
th e y h a v e :a lw a y s been i n m oderate
sta te s
th at
alth o u g h They
H is m other
sh e h a s b e e n m ore a com panion t o h e r
th an a p a r e n t.
by whom
job h a s p r o
circu m stan ces.
s e e m t o be q u i t e s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h e i r m e a n s .
H is
ch ild ren
When t h e s e r v i c e m a n w a s v e r y l i t t l e
s p a n k e d him f o r d i s c i p l i n e
she
b u t w h e n h e b e g a n t o g r o w up
s h e was a lw a y s m ore s u c c e s s f u l i n t a l k i n g t h i n g s o v e r w i t h
45 him a s w i t h t h e o t h e r c h i l d r e n .
T h e r e was n o t e x t r e m e
a t t a c h m e n t o f t h e man t o a n y o f h i s f a m i l y a n d n o t h i n g in th e fa m ily in d ic a te d any h e a l th problem s. P e rso n a lity . happy-go-lucky.
H is m other s t a t e s
He a l w a y s p l a y e d
i n w h i c h he c o o p e r a t e d , fo llo w er.
t h a t h e r son is
in groups as a c h ild ,
being n e i t h e r a le a d e r n or a
He was n o t t i m i d a n d n o t a s h o w - o f f .
H is
m o th e r s t a t e s t h a t he had a s e n s e o f d u ty a l t h o u g h i n assum ing r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
f o r h i s household t a s k s ,
such as
c u t t i n g wood, w e e d i n g t h e g a r d e n a n d b r i n g i n g i n w a t e r i t was alw ay s n e c e s s a r y t o f o r c i b l y rem ind him . t i c u l a r l y fond o f a n im a ls , H is
leisu re
esp ecially
He was p a r
c a t s , dogs and h o r s e s .
tim e was s p e n t i n c o m p a n io n s h ip w i t h h i s f r i e n d s
and h i s m other s t a t e s t h a t he s p e n t m ost o f th e d ay tim e a t home, t h a t
t h e r e w e r e no m a rk e d c h a n g e s i n h i s h a b i t s
a d o l e s c e n c e and h i s g i r l
f r i n d s fro m t h e age o f f i f t e e n
p e o p l e he became a c q u a i n t e d w i t h i n s c h o o l . not fo llo w h is f r ie n d s p a r t i c u l a r l y c lo s e . i t was h i s a m b i t i o n t o
during were
H is m other d id She s t a t e d
th at
be a cowboy u n t i l h e was a b o u t f i f
t e e n w hen h e b e c a m e i n t e r e s t e d
in
j o i n i n g th e Navy.
r a n a w a y fj^om home n o r s h o w e d n o m a d i c t e n d e n c i e s .
He n e v e r He r e -
s p e c t e d / l i u t h o r i t y b o t h a t home a n d i n h i s s o c i a l a d j u s t m e n t . He w a s n o t g i v e n t o f i g h t i n g a l t h o u g h h i s m o t h e r s t a t e s t h a t h e was n o t a f r a i d t o
fig h t.
T h e r e w e r e no o u t s t a n d i n g
46 b e h a v i o r p ro b le m s u n t i l a f t e r he s e r v e d h i s f i r s t p e r i o d in th e Navy.
When h e r e t u r n e d home h e was h i g h - s t r u n g a n d
t h e f a m i l y n o t i c e d t h a t he d r a n k e x c e s s i v e l y . Personal h a b its .
To h i s m o t h e r ’ s k n o w l e d g e t h e r e
was n o t h i n g u n u s u a l i n h i s s e x u a l a d j u s t m e n t . was o n l e a v e ,
age tw enty-one,
'When h e
he m a r r i e d a g i r l ,
six teen ,
t h e se c o n d o r t h i r d n i g h t a f t e r h e had met h e r a l t h o u g h he t o l d h i s m o t h e r h e h a d kn ow n h e r s i n c e t h e y w e r e v e r y y o u n g . T h e c o u p l e w e r e t o g e t h e r a p p r o x i m a t e l y tw o w e e k s w h e n h e re tu rn e d to duty. th is
tim e.
They s t a y e d w i t h h i s p a r e n t s d u r i n g
When h e r e t u r n e d t o h i s
s t a t i o n h is w ife sta y e d
a t h e r p a r e n t s ’ home f o r a w h i l e a n d t h e n t o o k a r o b m down tow n.