Catalogus translationum et commentariorum: Mediaeval and Renaissance Latin translations and commentaries : annotated lists and guides., Vol. 3 9780813205403

Table of contents :
Frontmatter
PREFACE, by F. Edward CRANZ (page IX)
BIBLIOGRAPHY and LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (page XIII)
GREEK AUTHORS
Arrianus, by Philip A. STADTER (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (page 1)
Dionysius Periegetes, by George B. PARKS (Queens College, City University of New York) and F. Edward CRANZ (page 21)
Musici scriptores Graeci (Alypius, Anonymus Bellermannianus, Aristides Quintilianus, Aristoxenus, Bacchius, Gaudentius, Nicomachus Gerasenus, Claudius Ptolemaeus), by F. Alberto GALLO (Università degli Studi di Bologna) (page 63)
Priscianus Lydus, by Charles B. SCHMITT (Warburg Institute, University of London) (page 75)
Thessalus astrologus, by David PINGREE (Brown University) (page 83)
LATIN AUTHORS
Caesar, by Virginia BROWN (Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto) (page 87)
Claudianus, by Amy K. CLARKE (Newnham and Lucy Cavendish Colleges, Cambridge) and Harry L. LEVY (Duke University) (page 141)
Columella, by Virginia BROWN (page 173)
Palladius, by R. H. RODGERS (University of California, Berkeley) (page 195)
Persius, by Dorothy ROBATHAN (Wellesley College) and F. Edward CRANZ, with the assistance of Paul Oskar KRISTELLER and with a contribution by Bernhard BISCHOFF (University of Munich) (page 201)
Petronius, by A. Fred SOCHATOFF (Carnegie-Mellon University) (page 313)
Silius Italicus by Edward L. BASSETT (University of Chicago), Josef DELZ (Universität, Basel), and A. J. DUNSTON (University of Sydney) (page 341)
Vitruvius, by Lucia A. CIAPPONI (Chapel Hill, North Carolina) (page 399)
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II
Aeschylus, by Vera R. LACHMANN (Brooklyn College) and F. Edward CRANZ (page 411)
Aristarchus, by F. Edward CRANZ and Paul Oskar KRISTELLER (page 412)
Autolycus, by Paul Oskar KRISTELLER (page 413)
Gregorius Nazianzenus, by Sister Agnes Clare WAY (Our Lady of the Lake University) (page 413)
Hermetica Philosophica, by Marie-Thérèse D'ALVERNY (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Poitiers) (page 425)
Pappus, by Marjorie BOYER (York College of the City University of New York) (page 426)
Stephanus Byzantius, by Aubrey DILLER (Indiana University) and Paul Oskar KRISTELLER (page 431)
Juvenalis, by F. Edward CRANZ and Paul Oskar KRISTELLER (page 432)
Livius, by A. H. McDONALD (Clare College) (page 445)
Martianus Capella, by Cora E. LUTZ (Beinecke Library, Yale University) and with a note by John J. CONTRENI (Purdue University) (page 449)
INDEX OF MANUSCRIPTS FOR VOLUMES I-III (page 453)
INDEX OF TRANSLATORS AND COMMENTATORS FOR VOLUME III (page 475)
INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS TREATED IN VOLUMES I-III (page 483)

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CATALOGUS TRANSLATIONUM ET COMMENTARIORUM

MEDIAEVAL AND RENAISSANCE LATIN TRANSLATIONS AND COMMENTARIES

VOLUME III

MEDIAEVAL AND RENAISSANCE LATIN TRANSLATIONS AND COMMENTARIES Executive Committee L. BRADNER, Brown University

W. V. CLausen, Harvard University F. E. Cranz, Connecticut College J. Hutton, Cornell University P. QO. KrIsTELLER, Columbia University

B. M. Martti, University of North Carolina B. M. Peestes, Catholic University of America Section Editors

M. Criacetrt, Institute for Advanced Study W. V. CLAUSEN

J. Hutron P,. Krpr_e, The City University of New York P. O. KRISTELLER

B. M. Marti R. P. Ortver, University of Illinois B. M. PEEBLES

Other members of the Editorial Board R. J. CLEMENTS, New York University

J. R. Strayer, Princeton University R. D. SwEENEy, Vanderbilt University C. R. THompson, University of Pennsylvania S. H. THomson, University of Colorado International Committee G. BILLaNovicn, Milan

F. Bratt, Aarhus P. CouRCELLE, Paris

F. E. Cranz E. FRANCESCHINI, Milan

R. Kursansxy, Montreal P. O. KRISTELLER

F. Masat, Brussels A. H. McDona.p, Cambridge G. VERBEKE, Louvain.

UNION ACADEMIQUE INTERNATIONALE

CATALOGUS TRANSLATIONUM ET COMMENTARIORUM: MEDIAEVAL AND RENAISSANCE

LATIN TRANSLATIONS AND COMMENTARIES

ANNOTATED LISTS AND GUIDES

VOLUME III

EDITOR IN CHIEF,

F. EDWARD CRANZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR,

PAUL OSKAR KRISTELLER

THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS WASHINGTON, D. C. 1976

TO THE MEMORY OF

JOHN J. SAVAGE (1883-1973) FOR MANY YEARS AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD AND OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PRINTED AT CULTURA PRESS - WETTEREN «+ BELGIUM

I.S.B.N. 8132-0540-9

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE, by F. Edward Cranz IX BIBLIOGRAPHY and LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XIII GREEK AUTHORS

Arrianus, by Philip A. StapTerR (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) 1 Dionysius Periegetes, by George B. Parks (Queens College, City University of

New York) and F. Edward Cranz 21

Musici scriptores Graect (Alypius, Anonymus Bellermannianus, Aristides Quintilianus, Aristoxenus, Bacchius, Gaudentius, Nicomachus Gerasenus, Claudius Ptolemaeus), by F. Alberto GaLLo (Universita degli

Studi di Bologna) 63

University of London) 79 Thessalus astrologus, by David PINGREE (Brown University) 83

Priscianus Lydus, by Charles B. Scumitr (Warburg Institute,

Toronto) 87

LATIN AUTHORS

Caesar, by Virginia Brown (Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval] Studies,

Claudianus, by Amy K. CLARKE (Newnham and Lucy Cavendish Colleges,

Cambridge) and Harry L. Levy (Duke University) 141

Columella, by Virginia Brown 173

Palladius, by R. H. Ropcers (University of California, Berkeley) 195 Persius, by Dorothy RoBATHAN (Wellesley College) and F. Edward Cranz, with the assistance of Paul Oskar KRISTELLER and with a contribution

by Bernhard BiscHorr (University of Munich) 201

Petronius, by A. Fred SocuatorrF (Carnegie-Mellon University). 313 Silius Italicus by Edward L. Bassett (University of Chicago), Josef DeLz (Universitat, Basel), and A. J. DUNSTON

(University of Sydney) 341 Vitruvius, by Lucia A. Crapponi (Chapel Hill, North Carolina) 399

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

Aeschylus, by Vera R. LACHMANN (Brooklyn College) and F. Edward Cranz 411

Aristarchus, by F. Edward Cranz and Paul] Oskar KrIsTELLER 412

Autolycus, by Paul Oskar KrIsTELLER 413

Lake University) 413

Gregorius Nazianzenus, by Sister Agnes Clare Way (Our Lady of the

Hermetica Philosophica, by Marie-Thérése p’ALVERNY (Centre National de la

New York) 426 Oskar KRISTELLER 431

Recherche Scientifique and Université de Poitiers) 425

Pappus, by Marjorie BoYvER (York College of the City University of

Stephanus Byzantius, by Aubrey Di1LLeR (Indiana University) and Paul

Juvenalis, by F. Edward Cranz and Paul Oskar KRISTELLER 432

Livius, by A. H. McDona tp (Clare College) 445 Martianus Capella, by Cora E, Lutz (Beinecke Library, Yale University)

and with a note by John J. ConTrRENI (Purdue University) 449

INDEX OF MANUSCRIPTS FOR VOLUMES I-III 453 INDEX OF TRANSLATORS AND COMMENTATORS FOR VOLUME III 4795

INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS TREATED IN VOLUMES I-III 483

PREFACE The editors are pleased to be able to present the third volume of the Catalogus only five years after the publication of the second. Credit must go to the individual contributors who successfully completed difficult assignments, to the Editorial Board and in particular to the Section Editors who read and commented upon the articles submitted, and above all to the ‘founding fathers’ who labored so diligently during the early years of the Project in sowing the seed for the harvest we are now reaping. For the general plan of the work, readers are referred to the Preface to v. I. In the reviews of v. II questions were raised about certain specific features of the plan, and it may be useful to respond to some of these here. One group of questions concerned the chronological limits of the Project. While the primary aim of the Catalogus is to treat translations and commentaries of authors who lived before 600 A.D., it also includes later works, when these were believed to be ‘ancient’ during the Middle Ages or the Renaissance, as in the case of ps. Theodolus in v. II. Further, some exceptions may be made for Byzantine authors who were of particular importance for the history of classical learning.

As far as the Latin translations are concerned, we plan to cover Latin translations made before 600 A.D., such as Rufinus’ translation of Gregorius Nazianzenus in v. II and the translations of Dionysius Periegetes by Priscian and Avienus in the present volume. We also wish at least to mention any lost ancient translations of Greek authors into Latin ; we have incorporated into the Addenda on Aeschylus the translations of Ennius and of Accius which were called to our attention by F. Lasserre in his review in Erasmus XXIV (1972) 42-43. At the other end of the time scale, the Catalogus includes all Latin translations and commentaries written before 1600 A.D. It remains an option of the individual contributor to include some slightly later works. Such inclusion is particularly justifiable when the author belonged to that remarkable generation of scholars centered in the Low Lands whose work began in the

later sixteenth century but often did not reach its culmination until the early years of the seventeenth. Another question concerned the inclusion of Olympiodorus in the Catalogus ; the reviewer

believed that Aristotle commentaries were excluded. Two points should be made in reply. In the first place, the original exclusion applied only to Latin commentaries on Aristotle. The Greek commentators will be treated like other authors, as in the cases of Alexander Aphrodisiensis in v. I and Olympiodorus in v. II. Secondly, we are glad to report that while the Latin commentaries of Aristotle were at one time excluded, largely for practical reasons, the Catalogus now has plans to publish a volume or volumes devoted entirely to the Latin translations of and commentaries on Aristotle. The general responsibility for the work was accepted by Charles H. Lohr, of the Raimundus-Lullus Institut in Freiburg, and Charles B. Schmitt, of the Warburg Institute is now associated with him, specifically for the translations (for a fuller description of the volume, see the remarks of Lohr in Traditio X XIX [1973] 94). Finally, there is the perennial question of where to draw the line between commentaries and

glosses. We believe that a commentary should have two essential marks. It should be continuous and extend over the whole work ; it should have been planned as a unity and not have simply grown through the accretion of glosses. In many ways, this view corresponds with what H. Silvestre has called a ‘haut-commentaire’ as against a ‘bas-commentaire’ (see his review of v. lin the Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastigue LXV [1961] 482). But no abstract definition can

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tell us exactly where to make the break in the unbroken continuum which extends from isolated

interlinear and marginal glosses right through to the commentary as an independent work, separated from the text. In order to be able to deal adequately with the commentaries treated, the general policy of the Executive Committee has been to recommend the exclusion of borderline cases, though exceptions may be made where factors such as date or authorship lend them

special interest, or where the evidence on an author is so limited that it seems advisable to include all of it. The choice of the articles for the present volume does not reflect any systematic plan. As in the past, we have published those which were available when enough material had been accumulated to constitute a volume. In the first two volumes, the Greek authors outnumbered the Latin ; here the Latin authors are more numerous, so a kind of rough balance has been achieved.

The Greek authors included illustrate how varied the forfunae of ancient authors are. Arrian and the Musici graeci, though read and studied in Byzantium, were virtually unknown in the Latin Middle Ages and became available to the West only in the Renaissance ; the Musici graeci, however, also had an active fortuna in Arabic and Jewish scholarship. Of the two works of Priscianus Lydus, the Metaphrasis reached the West only with the translation of Ficino. By contrast, the Solutiones were translated into Latin in the late ancient period ; the Greek text is lost and does not appear to have been known to the Byzantines. The small treatise by ps. Thessalus on astrological botany had an interesting, if narrow, tradition in the Byzantine world, in the Latin Middle Ages, and in the Renaissance. Finally, Dionysius Periegetes was early translated, or paraphrased, into Latin by both Priscian and Avienus, and he was studied throughout the Middle Ages both in Byzantium, as evidenced by the commentary of Eustathius, and in the West. In the Renaissance one may almost speak of three traditions, the two adaptations of Priscian and of Avienus, and the new translations and commentaries relying directly on the Greek. Dionysius continued as a very popular textbook on geography well into modern times, and the Greek text was still being ‘revised’ in the seventeenth century in order to include more up-to-date information on China and America. Among the Latin authors, Caesar makes an interesting companion piece to Livy, treated in v. II. Columella and Palladius are the first of the Scriptores rei rusticae to appear in Catalogus. The technical treatise of Vitruvius, De architectura was little studied during the Middle Ages

or the early Renaissance, and the first Latin commentary did not appear until almost the middle of the sixteenth century. In contrast to the usual development for literary or philosophical works, an Italian commentary on the De architectura was earlier than any Latin one, and even in the late sixteenth century the vernacular tradition of Vitruvian scholarship is dominant. The remainder of the articles on Latin authors are devoted to important literary figures : Persius, Petronius, Silius Italicus, and Claudian. Out of the large amount of material presented in the first three volumes of the Catalogus, the long articles on Persius and Juvenal (v. I, 175-238, with the Addenda in v. II, 425-6 and below p. 432-45) may serve to illustrate something of what has already been accomplished and of what may be expected in future volumes. The fortunae of Persius and Juvenal were closely connected ; their writings are frequently found together not only in manuscripts but also in printed editions. Persius and Juvenal became school authors early in the Middle Ages and held that position well into modern times ; whenever there was any scholarship at all, men read and studied both authors. Hence a mass of commentary is available ; in the case of Persius, for example, even if we count the vulgate tradition as only a single commentary, there are

over sixty separate commentaries still extant from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Doubtless, new commentaries on Persius will continue to be discovered, as they have been for Juvenal since the Catalogus article on him was published in 1960 ; it seems unlikely that any such discoveries will fundamentally change the outlines of the story that has already emerged. Thus the detailed information in the Cafalogus articles enables us to establish the broad outlines of the history of Persius and Juvenal scholarship through 1600, a history which is Xx

PREFACE

quite independent of large speculations about the Middle Ages or the Renaissance. The medieval origins of such scholarship in the West lie in the Carolingian period. By and large, the work then accomplished falls under the familiar rubric of Renovatio ; what ancient material survived was sifted and consolidated to become the starting point for later developments.

With the general renewal in the eleventh century, a slightly more independent approach emerges, and the scattered commentaries of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries reflect something of the intellectual innovations of those ages. A kind of lull follows and when it ends, Persius and Juvenal scholarship has been reoriented. A new kind of commentary begins to appear in the fourteenth century and comes to flower in the numerous commentaries of fifteenth-century Italian humanism and of the few non-Italian participants in the movement. Again a kind of lull follows, from the beginning of the Reformation to about 1565 ; publication of text editions and reprints of the old commentaries continue at a slackened pace, but there are almost no new commentaries. Then in the second half of the sixteenth century we see another flowering of Persius and Juvenal scholarship, with a new scene and another reorienta-

tion of method. The leadership has shifted to the North, with the unquestioned center of scholarship in the Low Countries. The method of the commentaries is now that of the early modern science of philology in contrast to the broader posture of the humanists. And while the later story lies beyond the limits of the Catalogus, it seems that this flowering ends early in the seventeenth century, to be followed by another comparative lull. After about 1615, we find numerous reprints and also the great Variorum editions of the middle of the century ; there were almost no new commentaries until near the end of the century. Where the Catalogus has thus outlined the history of the reading and interpretation of Persius, Juvenal, and many other authors, we hope that scholars will go on to trace these histories in greater detail and to relate them to the larger history of which they are a part. Further, and

perhaps even more important, the data provided by the Catalogus open the way to further studies of what these authors meant, of where their actuality lay, during the various earlier ages which read and thought about them so seriously. The history of classical scholarship has sometimes been dominated by unfortunately narrow perspectives. One assumed that there was a single true interpretation of an ancient text, usually

that coming out of nineteenth-century philology, and no other reading merited attention. Thus when the great Otto Jahn in 1843 edited the medieval vulgate commentary on Persius, it was not for its own sake but primarily to make available the ancient material, textual or explanatory, which might be useful for a modern philologist. Similarly when F. Buecheler, in 1886 and 1893, and F. Leo, in 1910, reprinted portions of the commentary to accompany their text editions, they endeavored to include whatever reflected ancient learning (quidquid inest eruditionis antiquae) and felt free to omit the rest (for Buecheler’s programmatic statement of his principles, see below p. 236). Sometimes modern scholars sound almost like Voltaire. They study the Middle Ages only in order to avoid its errors ; they are interested only in those points of medieval and Renaissance scholarship which approach the conclusions of modern philology, as if this were the predestined end toward which all things moved. But the position of the Catalogus is a broader one. In the words of Professor Kristeller in

the Preface to v. I: “... we do not merely wish to find in the past the antecedents of our own interests but also to know and to understand the past in its own interests when they were different from ours” (p. ix). The commentaries on Persius and Juvenal, to remain with the same illustrations, show us that these authors were read during earlier ages with an intensity surely no less than ours. Yet from the articles on them, it must also be abundantly clear that the perspective, the focus, the mode of reception, or whatever phrase we choose to use, were very different. Our own age, more and more aware of the time-bound limitations of its own understanding of the past, should also be more open towards the different ways in which the classic past was received by earlier ages of the West. And if this is so, what K. Krautter says in his review of the first two volumes takes on added significance : “Besonders angesprochen

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miissten sich die rezeptionsgeschichtlich orientierten Literaturwissenschaftler fiihlen” (Gnomon XLV [1973] 195).

To bring out in any sort of detail the richness and vitality of these other perspectives and other modes of reception far exceeds the possibilities of a Catalogus article. But a main aim of the Catalogus is to make accessible and to organize the evidence from which such studies could start. We look forward to them as one of the many ends toward which the Catalogus may serve as means. #4 4%

In conclusion, it is a pleasure to thank those who have helped to make this volume possible. The first place belongs of right to Professor Kristeller, who served as a guiding spirit of the Project from the beginning, who was Editor-in-Chief of the first two volumes, and who as Associate Editor has continued to make available to the Cafalogus his unique knowledge and abilities. I would also extend special thanks to Leicester Bradner as Chairman of the Executive Committee for his guidance and support, and to Bernard M. Peebles, both for his work on the Committee and for acting as our liaison with the Catholic University of America Press. The Section Editors have had their usual important role, and for this volume we are particularly grateful to Professors R. P. Oliver and James Hutton, who have cheerfully borne exceptionally heavy loads. We are grateful for the continuing support of the Union Académique Internationale, under whose auspices the Catalogus is published, and to the American Council of Learned Societies for a series of grants which have covered the running expenses of the Project. We have also been helped by the sponsorship of a number of learned societies ; the American Philological Association, the Mediaeval Academy of America, the Modern Language Association, and the Renaissance Society of America have been of special assistance in the recruitment of new contributors. Finally we are indebted to the Catholic University of America Press for publishing

this volume, like Volume II, without a subsidy. The Catalogus could not continue without the generous help provided by libraries all over the world. We have profited from the existence of many old and new collections of manuscripts

and of printed books. To mention two only, the present volume would have been far more difficult, if not impossible, without the Juvenal and Persius collection built up at Yale by Thomas E. Marston and without the remarkable Persius collection of Morris H. Morgan at Harvard. We thank many, many librarians for their courtesy and helpfulness in providing books, in supplying microfilms and xeroxes of books and of manuscripts, and in answering questions about their holdings. Special thanks are owed to Cora E. Lutz of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale, to R. G. Dennis of the Houghton Library at Harvard, to P. P. J. Obbema of the Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit at Leiden, and Helen K. Aitner of the Palmer Library at Connecticut College. Further instances of help are acknowledged in the individual articles. Personally, I am indebted to Connecticut College for help over the years and for a sabbatical leave during 1937-74 as well as tothe John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation for a

Fellowship during the same year.

Connecticut College For the Executive Committee

July, 1974 F. Edward CrRANz XII

BIBLIOGRAPHY The following listings contain a) titles which have been added since the appearance of v. II

b) titles which are regularly cited in an abbreviated form. Such books are cited by their authors only, or by authors and abbreviated titles, or by the first words of their titles. A list of other abbreviations will be found at the end of the bibliography. I. GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS AND BIOBIBLIOGRAPHIES.

Aa, A. J. van der, Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 21 vols. (Haarlem, 1852-78) Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, 56 vols. (Leipzig, 1875-1910). Biographie nationale (Belgique), 28 vols. (Brussels, 1866-1944). Chevalier, U., Répertoire des sources historique du moyen dge. Pt. I, Bio-Bibliographie (new ed., 2 vols. Paris, 1903-07). Cioranesco, A., Bibliographie de la littérature francaise du seiziéme siécle (Paris, 1959).

Cioranescu, A., Bibliographie de la littérature francaise du dix-septiéme siécle, 3 vols. (Paris, 1965-66).

Cosenza, Mario E., Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary of the Italian Humanists and of the World of Classical Scholarship in Italy, 1300-1800, 6 vols., (Boston, 1962-67).

Dictionary of National Biography, ed. L. Stephen and S. Lee, 63 vols. (London, 1885-1900). Dictionnaire de biographie francaise, 73 fascicles, through Eugéne (Paris 1933-71). Dizionario biografico degli italiani, 16 vols., through Caluso (Rome, 1960-73). Dizionario enciclopedico della letteratura italiana. 8 vols. (Bari-Rome, 1966-70). Eckstein, F. A., Nomenclator philologorum (Leipzig, 1871). Enciclopedia italiana (36 vols., 1929-39, new ed. 1949, and 3 appendices in 5 vols. 1938-61). Ersch, J. S. and J. C. Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopaedie der Wissenschaften und Kuenste (it covers A-Ligatur and O-Phyxios, with several supplements ; 157 vols. in 85; Leipzig, 1818-89).

Fabricius, J. A. Bibliotheca Graeca (14 vols. Hamburg, 1708-28 ; 4th ed. by G. C. Harles, 12 vols., Hamburg, 1790-1809). — —-—, Bibliotheca Latina (2 vols. Venice, 1728 ; ed. J. A. Ernesti, 3 vols. Leipzig, 1773-74).

G. Grente, ed. Dictionnaire des lettres francaises. Le seiziéme siécle (Paris, 1951); Le dizseptiéme siécle (Paris, 1954). Jécher, Chr. G., Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon (4 vols. A-Z, Leipzig, 1750-51 ; Supplement of 7 vols., through Romuleus, Leipzig 1784-1897). Manitius, M., Geschichte der lateinischen Literatur des Mittelalters, 3 vols. (Munich, 1911-31).

Michaud, M., Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne, 2nd ed. in 45 vols. (Paris, 1880). Neue deutsche Biographie, 9 vols, through Hiittig (Munich, 1950-72). Nieuw Nederlandsch Biographische Woordenboek, 10 vols. (Leiden, 1911-37). Nicéron, J. P., Mémoires pour servir a l’histoire des hommes illustres 43 vols. in 44 (Paris, 172945).

Nouvelle biographie générale, ed. F. Hoefer, 46 vols. (Paris, 1853-70). Pauly-Wissowa-Mittelhaus-Ziegler, Real-Encyclopedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft.

(Stuttgart, 1893. Series I A-Q 47 vols., through Quosenus (1963) ; Series II R-Z 19 vols., completed in 1972 ; 13 Supplement vols.).

XI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Poekel, W., Philologisches Schriftstellerlexicon (Leipzig, 1882).

Sandys, J. E. A History of Classical Scholarship, 3 vols. (Cambridge, 1903-08), Vol. I, 2nd ed. 1921 ; the whole work reprinted New York, 1958. Sarton, G., Introduction to the History of Science, 3 vols. (Baltimore, 1927-48). ScHANZ, M. Geschichte der rémischen Literatur, revised by C. Hosius and G. Kriiger. I (4th ed. Munich, 1927); II (4th ed. 1935); III (3d ed. 1922); IV, 1 (2nd ed. 1914) ; IV, 2 (2nd ed. 1920).

Schottenloher, K. Bibliographie zur deutschen Geschichte im Zeitalter der Glaubensspaltung 1517-85, 2nd ed. 7 vols. (Stuttgart, 1956-66). Teuffel, W. S. Geschichte der rémischen Literatur, 6th ed. by W. Kroll and F. Skutsch, 3 vols. (Leipzig 1913-20).

Thorndike, L. and Kibre, P., A Catalogue of Incipits of Mediaeval Scientific Writings, rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass., 1963). Tiraboschi, G. Storia della letteratura italiana, new ed. 9 vols. (Florence, 1785-92) and many other editions. Zedler, J. H., Grosses volistdndiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Kiinste, 64 vols. in 43, and 4 vols. of supplement (Halle, 1732-50). II. CATALOGUES OF PRINTED EDITIONS.

Adams, H. M., Catalogue of Books Printed on the Continent of Europe, 1501-1600, in Cambridge Libraries, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1968).

Baudrier, H. L. Bibliographie Lyonnaise (12 vols., Lyons 1895-1921 ; Tables, by G. Tricou, 2 vols., Geneva 1950-52 with a supplement by H. July, 1963). Belgica typographica 1501-1600, ed. Elly Cockx-Indestege (Nieuwkoop, 1968) I. Bibliotheca Regia Bruxellensis. Berkowitz, D. S., A Manual of Bibliographic Guides to Inventories of Printing, of Holdings, and of Reference Aids (Waltham, Mass. 1967). Bibliotheca Nationalis Polona. Incunabula quae in Bibliothecis Poloniae asservantur, 2 vols. (Wratislaviae etc. 1970). Bibliothéque Nationale, Catalogue général des livres imprimés vols. 1-216 through Waksman (Paris, 1897-) = BN. British Museum, General Catalogue of Printed Books, 263 vols., (London, 1965-66). = BM. Brunet, J. Ch., Manuel du Libraire, 5th ed. in 6 vols. with three vols. of supplements (Paris, 1860-65).

Copinger, W. A., Supplement fo Hain’s Repertorium bibliographicum, 2 vols. in 3 (London, 1895-1902) = C. Ebert, F. A. Allgemeines bibliographisches Lexicon, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1821-30). (Edinburgh). A short-title catalogue of foreign books printed up to 1600; Books printed or published outside of the British Isles now in the National Library of Scotland and the Library of the Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh (Edinburgh, 1970). Flodr, M., Incunabula classicorum. Wiegendrucke der griechischen und rémischen Literatur (Amsterdam, 1973). Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke, Vols. I through VIII, 1 through Federici (Leipzig 1925-40).

Publication resumed in 1972 at Stuttgart, Berlin, and New York. Vol. VIII, 1 (1972) begins again with Eike von Repgow and VIII, 3 (1974) goes through Faber Runcinus. = GW. Goff, F. R., Incunabula in American Libraries (Third Census, New York, 1964). Graesse, J. G. Th., Trésor des livres rares et précieux, 7 vols. in 8 (Dresden, 1859-69).

Hain, L., Repertorium bibliographicum, 2 vols. in 4 (Stuttgart, 1826-38) = H. ATV

BIBLIOGKAPHY

Hoffmann, S. F. W., Bibliographisches Lexicon der gesamten Literatur der Griechen, 3 vols. (Leipzig, 1838-45).

Index Aureliensis, Catalogus librorum sedecimo saeculo impressorum Prima pars, vols. 1-17 (A-Bucke. Baden-Baden, 1965-73) ; Tertia pars, vols. I-II (Indices. 1967-73). Indice Generale degli Incunaboli delle Biblioteche d’Italia, 4 vols. through R (Rome, 1943-65). Maittaire, M., Annales typographici ab artis inventae origine ad annum 1664, 4 vols. in 8 (Amsterdam and London, 1722-41). (National Library of Medicine). A Catalogue of Sixteenth Century Printed Books in the National Library of Medicine, ed. R. J. Durling (Bethesda, Maryland, 1967). See also P. Krivatsy, A Catalogue of Incunabula and Sixteenth Century Printed Books in the National Library of Medicine. First Supplement (Bethesda, 1971). The National Union Catalog, pre-1956 Imprints, a cumulative author list representing the Library of Congress printed cards and titles reported by other American libraries, 324 vols. through Leighton (London, 1968-) = NUC. Palau y Dulcet, A., Manual del librero hispano-americano, 2nd ed. vols. 1-25 through Vegas (Barcelona, 1948-73). Panzer, G. W., Annales typographici, 11 vols., (Nuremberg, 1793-1803). Primo Catalogo Collettivo delle Biblioteche Italiane, vols 1-7 through Azz (Rome 1962-73). Saj6, G. and Soltesz, E., Catalogus incunabulorum quae in Bibliothecis Publicis Hungariae asservantur, 2 vols. (Budapest, 1970). Reichling, D., Appendices ad Hainti-Copingeri Repertorium Bibliographicum, 7 vols. with Supplement (Munich 1905-11 and 1911) = R. Renouard, P., Imprimeurs et libraires parisiens du X VI® siécle. Ouvrage publié d’aprés les manuscrits de Philippe Renouard, 2 vols. through Banville (Paris, 1964-69). Répertoire bibliographique des livres imprimés en France au seiziéme siécle (Baden-Baden, 1968-) Twelve livraisons, arranged by towns, have appeared. Schweiger, F. L. A., Handbuch der classischen Bibliographie, 2 vols. in 3 (Leipzig, 1830-34). Short-title Catalog of Books Printed in Italy and of Books In Italian Printed Abroad, 15011600, Held in Selected North American Libraries, ed. R. G. Marshall, 3 vols. (Boston, 1970). III. CATALOGUES OF LATIN MANUSCRIPTS.

Catalogues of Latin manuscripts are regularly cited in short form ; for the full titles, see ; Kristeller, P. O., Latin Manuscript Books before 1600, 3rd ed. (New York, 1965). Lohr, C. H., “Further Additions to Kristeller’s Repertorium” Scriptorium XXVI (1972) 34348.

Catalogue général des manuscrits latins de la Bibliothéque nationale. Vols. 1-5 (1939-66), covering Mss. 1-3535. Tables de tomes I et II, by P. Gasnault and J. Vezin (Paris, 1968). Catalogue général des manuscrits des Bibliothéques Publiques de France, Octavo series, 55 vols. (Paris 1886-1965). Kristeller, P. O., Iter Italicum, 2 vols. (Leiden, 1963-67). Lieftinck, G. I, Manuscrits datés conservés dans les Pays- Bas. v. I (Amsterdam, 1964). Mazzatinti, G., Inventari dei manoscritti delle Biblioteche d’ Italia, vol. 1 (Forli, 1891) to 88 (Florence, 1972). Manuscrits datés conservés en Belgique, v. I (819-1400), ed. F. Masai and M. Wittek (Gand, 1970).

Samaran, C., and Marichal, R., Catalogue des manuscrits en écriture latine portant des indications de date, de lieu ou de copiste (Paris, 1959-) Vols. 1, 2, 5, and 6 (Paris, 1959-68).

XV

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS REGULARLY USED IN THIS VOLUME

* not seen

{micro.) microfilm used (photo.) photos or xerocopies used

Ine. Incipit

Expl. Explicit

Gr.-Lat. Greek and Latin

BM British Museum, Catalogue of Printed Books BMC Catalogue of Books printed in the xvth Century now in the British Museum BN Bibliothéque Nationale, Catalogue des livres imprimeés.

C Copinger

DK Deutscher Gesamtkatalog

GW Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke H Hain

NUC National Union Catalog, pre-1956 Imprints.

R Reichling

STC (Pollard and Redgrave, eds.) Short-title Catalogue of Books Printed in England. For American libraries, the same abbreviations are used as in the National Union Catalog, pre-1956 Imprints.

XVI

GREEK AUTHORS

Fortuna. 2 ARRIANUS, FLAVIUS

by PHILIP A. STADTER (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

I. Anabasis and Indica 3

Genuine Works.

Translations.

1. Petrus Paulus Vergerius (senior). 2. Nicolaus Perottus (lost). 3. Bartholomaeus Facius and Iacobus Curlus, aided by Nicolaus Sagundinus and Theodorus Gaza. 4, Carolus Valgulius. 5. Franciscus Portus. 6. Bonaventura Vulcanius.

II. Periplus Ponti Euzini. 17 Translations. 1. Adrianus Turnebus. 2. Iohannes Guilelmus Stuckius. Commentary. a. Iohannes Guilelmus Stuckius.

III. Dissertationes Epicteti ab Arriano digestae. See the article on Epictetus, to be published in a later volume.

IV. Encheiridion Epicteti. See the article on Epictetus, as above. V. Cynegeticus.

VI. Ars Tactica. VII. Acies contra Alanos.

Spurious Work.

VIII. Periplus Maris Erythraet. 19 Translation.

1. Iohannes Guilelmus Stuckius. Commentary.

a. Iohannes Guilelmus Stuckius. 1

GREEK AUTHORS

FORTUNA Arrian’s in the Renaissance. A late and much inferior work, an anonymous PeriFlavius Arrianus (Arrian, ca. A.D. 95- plus Ponti Euzint, having the same name as 175) of Nicomedia in Bithynia studied under Arrian’s work and dependent upon it, was Epictetus, then became consul (ca. A.D. 129) known until quite late only in fragments, and legatus pro praetore of Cappadocia and was not usually printed with Arrian’s (A.D. 131-137), where he repelled the Alan works. It is missing from the miscellaneous invasion of 134. He early retired from public volume which contains the editio princeps

service, perhaps voluntarily, and went to of the Greek text of Arrian’s Periplus,

Athens, where he was made a citizen of the (Basel, Froben, 1533) as well as from the city and held honorable civic offices, but collected works edited by Blancardus (Amevidently devoted the remainder of his sterdam, Janssonius a Waesberge, 1668 and

long life to literary composition, priding 1683). himself on being a second Xenophon. He All extant Greek manuscripts of the

seems to have published early in his career Anabasis and Indica derive from one arche-

the Discourses of Epictetus (notes from the type, Vindobon. hist, gr. 4(s. X IT ex.-XIITin.).

master’s lectures in eight books, of which Those of the minor works likewise descend four are preserved) and the Encheiridion, or from known archetypes: the Cynegetica, the handbook of Epictetus’ teaching (for these Periplus Ponti Euxini and the anonymous

works, see the article on Epictetus, to be Periplus Maris Erythraet and _ Periplus published in a later volume). During his Ponti Euzini derive from Heidelberg Pal. years in Cappadocia Arrian wrote the Peri- gr. 398 (s. IX); the Ars Tacfica and the

plus Ponti Euzxini in the form of a letter Acies contra Alanos from Laur, 55,4 (s. X). to the emperor Hadrian, ca. 131, the Acies The historical works of Arrian were used contra Alanos, a copy of his marching plan intermittently in the Byzantine period. The against the Alans, and an Ars _ factica, Post-Alexandrian History was used by Dexipdated in 137, the initial page of which is pus (s. III) in the composition of his own lost. His great work, presumably written work of the same title. Stephanus of Byin Athens, was the Anabasis Alexandri, a zantium (s. VI) cites the Anabasis, Indica, history of the expedition of Alexander the Parthica and Bithynica. In the ninth century Great in seven books, to which he appended the Patriarch of Constantinople Photius a complementary work on India, the Indica. read and summarized the Anabasis and The Cynegeticus, a short work on hunting, Indica, the Post-Alexandrian History, the

completes the list of his extant works. Bithynica, and the Parthica. In the followArrian also wrote three major historical ing century all these works were used by works, each longer than the Anabasis A lex- the editors of the Constantinian Excerpts, andri, that are now known only from sum- from which the Suda then derived many

maries by Photius (Bibl., codd. 58, 92, 93) quotations. Also dating from the tenth and fragments, including at least one papy- century are two palimpsest folia of the rus: a Post-Alexandrian History (to 321 Post-Alexandrian History. The learned bishB. C.), a History of Bithynia (Bithynica), op of Thessalonica, Eustathius (s. XII), in and a History of Parthia (Parthica). Other his commentaries to Dionysius Periegetes works ascribed to him include an account and the Iliad, cites the Anabasis and the of the Alans (Alanike) and three short Indica, as do his approximate contempo-

biographies. raries Tzetzes and Zonaras, and moreover Two short works that cannot have been refers frequently to the Bithynica. There-

written by Arrian were attributed to him after, of the historical works only the

because they are associated with his Periplus Anabasis and the Indica are known. The in the one medieval manuscript in which extant archetype of these works was copied they are preserved. The Periplus maris at about the end of the twelfth century, and Erythraei, an important source of geographi- the production of apographs indicates a cal information, was generally regarded as slow diffusion in the following centuries ;

2

ARRIANUS

one is copied in the thirteenth century, editions by Roos (Teubner) cited below,

five in the fourteenth, and twenty-five in and for the works stemming from Pal. gr.

the fifteenth century. 398, A. Diller, The Tradition of the Minor The Periplus was used by the author of Greek Geographers (American Philological As-

the anonymous Periplus Ponti Euzxini in sociation, Philological Monographs XIV, the fifth century, and was cited by Proco- n. p., 1952). Fragments are collected by pius and Stephanus of Byzantium in the Roos, vol. II and by F. Jacoby, Fragmente sixth. The Tactica was reworked by Ur- der griechischen MHistoriker II B (Berlin bicius (s. VI) and used by Leo the Wise and a 1929, repr. 1962) no. 156. Roos discusses military glossary which was a source for Byzantine citations of Arrian in the pertinent the Suda in the tenth century (when our sections of his prefaces. archetype was also copied), and again by

Michael Psellus in the eleventh century. I. Anabasis and Indica

of the Conenlions e evetring "Pepago. Editio princeps : Venetiis in aedibus Barthomenus of Constantinople (s. XIII), although Arnaek Seotembri, Ea. Wietor Wanegctine

century. was copied in the ninth (NUC, Index Aureliensis 109.026). The first known manuscript of Arrian Critical edition : ed. A. G. Roos (Teubner) : brought to western Europe was one of the v. L Anabasis (Leip zig 1907), v. UH, Scrip fa

Anabasis owned by Giovanni Aurispa in Minora, including Indica pp. 1-73 (Leipzig 1421. This work early proved popular, as 1928); a corrected edition by G. Wirth of

the four translations made in the years both . volumes in a stereotype reprint, 1433-1508 attest. In 1533 Gelenius brought Veipzig 1967-1968.

out the first Greek edition of the two

Periplus in Basel, which was followed two TRANSLATIONS years later by Trincavelli’s Venetian edition 1. PETRUS PAULUS VERGERIUS (SENIOR) of the Anabasis and Indica. The discovery and translation of the minor works continued The translation was made for the emperor

through the sixteenth and_ seventeenth Sigismund, sometime after 1418, when Ver-

centuries. Several works, in fact, were not gerio joined Sigismund’s court. It was

translated before 1600, and so do not enter probably finished between 1433, when Si-

into the following list. The first Latin gismund was crowned emperor in Rome,

translations of the Cynegeticus, the Ars and 1437, when he died, since the salutation Tactica and the Acies contra Alanos were of the dedication gives the official title each published with the editio princeps Romanorum imperator.

of their respective Greek texts, and were Dedication. (ed. L. Smith, E£pistolario, made by the editors: Cynegeticus, trans. pp. 379-384) Ad Sigismundum de Lu¢gem-

Lucas Holstenius (Holstein), Paris, Seb. borch Romanorum Imperatorem et Un-

Cramoisy, 1644 (NUC, BM, BN, Fab. BG gariae Bohemiaeque regem Petrus Paulus V, 104; Brunet, I, 498); Ars Tactica and Vergerius prohemium incipit. [Znc.] : Iussisti Acies contra Alanos, trans. Johannes Sche- me, Sigismunde, clementissime imperator, ferus, Uppsala, Henr. Curio, 1664 (NUC, ut Arriani historiam, qui res gestas AlexBM, BN, Fab. BG V, 1071; Brunet, I, 496). andri Macedonis graeco sermone conscrip-

After their first publication, they were sit, in latinum verterem ; non quod veterum regularly included in editions of Arrian’s Graecorum magnifica olim opera et apud

collected works. suos tam metro quam soluta oratione sine Bibl.: The best general account of Ar- fine celebrata Latinis sint incognita, illa

rian’s life is still E. Schwartz, s.v. Arrianos praesertim illustriora, inter quae Alexandri in RE II (1896) 1230-1247. Cf. also Proso- bella et victoriae longe maiores quam bella pographia Imperii Romani? III, pp. 137-38. imprimis connumerantur, sed quod Arrianus

For the text tradition see the critical in eis describendis certiores secutus sit

3

GREEK AUTHORS

auctores, atque ideo fide dignus videatur. non est visum alienum, praeter causas alias, Nam ex caeteris quidem historiae scripto- quae me ad hoc vel impulerunt vel coege-

ribus, qui multi fuerunt multumque sibi runt ; nam te quidem iubente, necesse erat

invicem dissonantes, aliqui, vulgarem famam parere; ut in honorem quoque scriptoris, secuti, non quae gessit Alexander, sed quae qui Latinus fuit, laborem hunc non invitus de eo passim ferebantur, ea tanquam vere assumerem, et quae de rebus Graecorum gesta conscripserunt. Alii favore gentis et graece scripsit, in latinum Latinus transdomesticae gloriae studio in enarrandis ad ferrem, illumque tibi traditum et michi per te laudem eius operibus modum excesserunt. commendatum, Latinis vero prorsus inNonnulli e contra, odio vel invidia, sive ut cognitum, tandem quasi longo postliminio aliis morem gererent qui tanti nominis in patriam revocarem et suis utcunque darem splendore offendebantur, detrahere rebus agnoscendum. Qua in re licere michi sum

gestis conati sunt; quidam insuper, pri- arbitratus, tibi vero non futurum ingratum vatim ambitione quaerendi nominis et pro- certus sum, si plano ac pene vulgari stilo priae laudis cupiditate, non quid gestum sensus tantum, non verba transferrem, ut, ab eo fuerit, sed quid decore de illo scriptum eo nunc primum e Graecia redeunte et exmemoriae posterorum mandari posset, hoc terna narrante, a Latinis quibusque vel solum extimaverunt; nec tam _ veritatem indoctioribus rerum gestarum tenor possit rerum quam figmentorum lenocinium am- agnosci. Ornatum autem orationis et diplexi sunt. Atque haec tanta scribentium cendi elegantiam, quibus ille vel in aliena varietas perplexitatem legentibus afferre lingua plurimum eminet, si quis forsitan non modicam consuevit, cum essent incerti cum rerum notitia pariter desiderat, ea non a quibusnam fidem adhiberi prae_ caeteris me, alieni sermonis interprete, sed ab ipso conveniret et fabulasve an historiam veram historiae auctore et conditore requirat.

legerent. Tu igitur hinc adductus ea quae Anabasis: Arriani de rebus gestis AlexArrianus de gestis Alexandri scripsit tan- andri Macedonis liber primus _foeliciter

quam veriora cupis agnoscere, laudandus incipit. [Jnc.]: Quaecumque quidem Ptoloprofecto, sive quia veritati studes, quae meus Lagi et Aristobolus Aristoboli eadem rebus omnibus praeferenda est, sive quod ambo de Alexandro Philippi conscripserunt, historiae notitia tantopere delectaris ut illa ego tanquam prorsus vera describo. . ./ domesticis non contentus etiam externa .. [| E£xpl.]: ego ipse non sine divino instincrequiras. Est autem in historia simul cum tu motus sum ad hanc historiam conscriiocunditate fructus plurimus, valetque mag- bendam. Finis gestorum Alexandri. nopere rerum gestarum frequens cognitio, Indica: Arriani de rebus indicis et navitum ad peritiam gerendarum augendam, gacione classis Alexandri ex India in Persitum ad = satietatem minuendam _iugiter dem. Liber VIIus. [Jne.}: Ea quae sunt concomitantium tediorum. Decet autem citra Indum flumen ad occidentem versus omnes homines, sed eos praecipue qui mag- Cofenum fluvium incolunt Astaceni_ et nis administrationibus praesunt, ad utrum- Asaceni gentes indice... ./...[Expl.]: Iste que conari laborareque summo studio ut mihi sermo conscriptus est tendens etiam - sciant se quidem inprimis ; deinde si quibus ipse in Alexandrum Philippi Macedonem. forte est in alios imperium, etiam subditos Finis rerum indicarum. optimis rationibus regere, ac per honestas Bibl.: Epistolario di Pier Paolo Vergerto, delectationes, quantum fieri potest, sine ed. Leonardo Smith (Fonti per la Storia molestia vitam agere; te vero ante omnes, d’ Italia, LX XIV, Rome 1934) 379-384 ; Georg qui in supremo rerum culmine constitutus Voigt, Die Wiederbelebung des classischen

es, et qui magna semper animo volvis, Alterthums® (Berlin 1893, reprinted Berlin curare convenit Alexandri Magni opera, 1960) II, 176-177, 272-273 ; Apostolo Zeno, quae haud dubie magna fuerunt, certius Dissertazioni Vossiane I (Venice 1752) 53-56. agnoscere, et quae ex eis digna sunt laude, Greek source:

ea non tam palpitando sectari velle quam Vergerio did not distinguish the sixth

praecurrendo superare. Sed et michi quoque from the seventh book of the Anabasis, 4

ARRIANUS

therefore his manuscript must have been quod) me donat Senensis episcopus? Ad of the family 2? (Anabasis Alexandri ed. farmacopolam sese mittere cartulas crediA. G. Roos, Leipzig 1907, p. xiv), but the dit.” Nevertheless the volume is valuable: precise manuscript is not known. “Prima editio est Pauli, sua manu conscripta.

Manuscripts: Neque inde receptum exemplar est preter

Paris, Bibl. Nat. nouv. acq. lat. 1302, unum, quod summo pontifici Nicolao, dum

mbr., s. XV. The sole surviving manuscript, esset episcopus Bononiensis et apud Cesarem this was copied for Tommaso Parentucelli legatione fungeretur, recipere permisi et aliud of Sarzana (later pope Nicholas V) by Iaco- (Wolkan: alius), quod mihi retineo.” (R. bus Gassenhem, when Parentucelli was a Wolkan, Der Briefwechsel des Eneas Sylvius papal legate in Germany (1444-1446). See Piccolomini, III Abt. [Fontes rerum AusL. Delisle, Mélanges de Paléographie (Paris triacarum 68, Vienna 1918] no. 249, pp. 4361880) 156-57, U. Robert, “Inventaires des 437, cf. no. 245, p. 433 to Antonio Panor-

manuscrits latins de la Bibliotheque Na- mita, Jan. 26, 1454). Vergerio’s autograph tionale. . . 1874 au 1881” Le Cabinet histori- was used as the basis for the Facio-Curlo gue 28 (1882) 169, and L. Delisle, Bibliothéque translation (see I. 3 below); it and Piccolo-

Nationale, Manuscrits Latins et Francais mini’s copy are lost, although according to ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Zeno, Diss. Voss. I, 53, a manuscript was pendant les années 1875-1891: Inventaire in the Vatican in his day. Vat. lat. 5268, alphabétique (Paris 1891) I, 26. The copy listed as Vergerio’s translation in the handwas made from Vergerio’s autograph, which written catalogue of 1640, actually contains

had been discovered, presumably in the the translation by Facio and Curio. This imperial library, by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolo- entry probably misled Zeno or his informant. mini (later Pius II), at that time a secretary The preface to Sigismund survived separately

in the chancellery of Frederick ITI. When with Vergerio’s letters; Smith, Epistolario, Piccolomini returned to Germany after his lists: Capodistria, Archivio Gravisi-Barbastay at the court of Alfonso in Naples, he bianca, unnumbered ms., f. 98 ; Padua, Conte had one copy of the translation made for Novello Papafava, cod. 21, fasc. 17, pt. 2, himself, and sent the rather worn autograph f. 12v-13 (s. XV); Venice, Marc. lat. XI, of Vergerio to Alfonso (see his letter to 56 (3827), f. 22 (A description of the Padua

Alfonso dated Wiener Neustadt, Jan. 27, manuscript has been reported by P. O. 1454 : “Serenissime ac gloriossime rex. Cum Kristeller).

essem Neapoli, tertius nunc annus est, Editions:

accessit me nostri temporis poeta singularis None. Antonius Panormita, et pro vetusta consue- Biography : tudine, quam Senis in adolescentia simul Petrus Paulus Vergerius Iustinopolitanus habuimus, multa contulit mecum. Inter (Pier Paolo Vergerio) was born in Capodisloquendum autem ut fit percontatus est tria, probably on July 23, 1370, and died

ex me, quoniam etatem pene omnem in at Budapest July 8, 1444. He studied

Germania consumpsissem, numquid operis grammar at Padua in 1385, and taught at aliquid rari inter bibliothecas, quae multae Florence in 1386, at Bologna 1388-1390, and sunt apud Theutones, invenissem. Cumque at Padua 1390-1397. He learned Greek from Arrianum De gestis Alexandri Macedonis a Chrysoloras at Florence, 1398-1400, then Paulo Vergerio Iustinopolitano de Graeco returned to Padua for the period 1400-1405.

in nostram linguam translatum comperisse In 1405 he joined the papal court of Inme dicerem, magnopere me rogavit, quo- nocent VII, and continued under Gregory niam tanti viri facta libenter audires, ejus XII until 1409. After a term of retirement libri copiam tuae maiestati facerem.” He is in Capodistria made necessary by enmities now sending it by a trusted messenger. contracted at Rome, he participated actively “Volumen est papyreum, lacerum et vetus- at the council of Constance (1414-1418), tate consumptum. Dices, cum videris, quid which he attended in the retinue of his old hoc thesauri est, quid est, quo (Wolkan : friend, Card. Francesco Zabarella (d. 1417). 5

GREEK AUTHORS

In May 1418 he accompanied King (later Ziliotto, La cultura letteraria di Trieste e emperor) Sigismund of Luxemburg to his dell’ Istria (Trieste 1913) 35-85. domains in Bohemia and Hungary, leaving

forever his humanistic friends in Italy. From 2. NicoLaus PERottus (lost) then until the emperor’s death (1437) he Our only evidence for this translation is remained in his court; thereafter he seems in a letter of Perotti to Giovanni Tortelli, to have lived in Budapest, where he died librarian for pope Nicholas V, dated Jan. 7,

seven years later. 1454 (publ. by R. Cessi, ‘ Notizie umanistiche His most important teachers in humanistic III’, 84 from Vat. lat. 3908, f. 168 ff.;

subjects were Giovanni Conversini da Ra- corrected by G. Mercati, Per la cronologia, venna (at Padua) and Manuel Chrysoloras 39 and by R. P. Oliver per litteras). I quote (at Florence). He was a close friend of the relevant passage: “Sanctissimus dominus Coluccio Salutati and the students of Chry- noster (i.e., Nicholas V) dedit mihi Arriasoloras at Florence. Yet he did not limit his num traducendum, quod opus summa cum

studies to humanistic subjects: over a diligentia prosequor. Erit, ut spero, res

period of years, he became a doctor in the grata Sanctitati Sue ultra omnes. alias arts, medicine, and civil and canon law. traductiones dumtaxat historicas. Legent While at Padua in 1390-1397 he edited the aliquando nostri homines Quintum Curtium

Africa of Petrarch and wrote a Latin perfectum atque integrum. Verum quia

comedy based on contemporary life, the liber, quem mihi Sanctitas Sua dedit, est

Paulus. He wrote numerous treatises and multis in locis corruptus et deficiunt interim speeches, but the best known is his work multa, esset mihi gratum ut Dignatio Vestra De ingenuis moribus, ca. 1401-1402. Almost (i.e. Tortelli) mitteret ad me traductionem all of his letters (Smith collects 148) were illam Arriani ineptam, quam Sanctitas Sua written before he joined Sigismund’s court habet et, cum istic fui, sua benignitate in 1418. A translation of MHerodian is mihi promisit, sed impedita egritudine dare mentioned among his works by a member of non potuit : ea habita et rectius et celerius his family in a letter of 1509, but no other et cum minori (sic) labore prosequar opus information on this is available (see Smith, inceptum. Oro igitur Dignationem Vestram

LVII n. 1 and LIX n. 2). Ex THC xaodias, ut aiunt, ut eum librum a

Bibl.: Enc. Ital. 35, 162; Rossi, 23-24, 51- Sanctissimo Domino Nostro petat et viro 52, 525, with extensive bibliography p. 66 docto et perhumano Benedicto Morando, n. 18; Dizionario Enciclopedico della Let- qui Dignationi Vestrae has litteras reddidit,

teratura Italiana (Bari 1968) V, 425. ad me vehendum det, quod ascribam inter

C. Bischoff, Studien zu Pier Paolo Ver- cetera Dignationis Vestrae erga me immortagerio dem dlteren (Abhandlungen zur mittel- lia beneficia.” The translation was already

eren und neueren Geschichte XV, Berlin- begun in January 1454, therefore, but

Leipzig 1909); E. Garin, Jl pensiero pedago- Perotti wanted as help “traductionem illam gico dell’umanesimo (Florence 1958) ; A. Gne- Arriani ineptam,” undoubtedly the copy sotto, ed., “Pier Paolo Vergerio De ingenuis of Pier Paolo Vergerio’s version owned by moribus,” in Atti e Memorie della R. Accad. Nicholas V before he became pope and now di Padova 34 (1918) 75-156; A. Kopp, Pier Paris Bibl. Nat. nouv. acq. lat. 1302 (see

Paolo Vergerio, der erste humanistische under no 1.). Our lack of other information Pddagoge (Luzern 1893); A. C. Pierantoni, suggests that Perotti’s translation was never Pier Paolo Vergerio seniore (Chieti 1920) ; completed.

L. Smith, Epistolario di Pier Paolo Vergerio Bibl.: Roberto Cessi, “Notizie umanis(Fonti per la storia d’Italia LX XIV, Rome tiche III, Tra Niccolé Perotto e Poggio 1934), esp. the outline of his life, pp. XI- Bracciolini, Appendice,” Giornale storico XXX; L. Smith, “P. P. Vergerio: De situ della letteratura italiana 60 (1912) 84; Gioveteris et inclyte Urbis Rome’, English vanni Mercati, Per la cronologia della vita Historical Review 41 (1926) 571-577; B. e degli scritti di Niccold Perotti (Studi e 6

ARRIANUS

Testi 44, Rome 1925), esp. pp. 34, 37, 39- Bibl.: Enc. Ital. 26, 789 (R. Sabbadini) ;

40. Rossi, 90-91, 95. R. Cessi, Giornale Storico Greek source: della Letteratura Italiana 59 (1912) 312The manuscript borrowed from Nicho- 46 ; 60 (1912) 73-111; L. Frati, GSLI 54

las V and used by Perotti, if in fact returned (1909) 389-406 ; C. Iannellius, Codex Perotto the Vatican, probably was Vat. gr. 325, tinus Ms. Regiae Bibliothecae Neapolitanae

which has many lacunae in the text and is duas et trig'nta Phaedri fabulas iam notas,

recorded as present in the Vatican inventory fotidem novas, sex et triginta Aviani vulgatas,

of 1475, # 271 (see R. Devreesse, Le fonds et ipsius Perotti carmina inedita continens la bibliothéque Vaticane des origines a (Neap oli, 1809) ; G. Mercati, P er la cronolog la grec . , dellaevita e degli di Niccolo PauldeVq[Studi Testi 244,scritti Vatican City ;Perotti ., . (Studi e Testi 44, Rome 1925) ; R. P. Oliver,

1965] p. 96). A less probable manuscript Niccold Perotti’s Version of the Encheiridion

would be Vat. gr. 143 (ibid., p. 49, # 99). of Epictetus (Urbana, Illinois 1954), with

Manuscripts and editions: an introduction and list of works and letters ;

None. Sesto Prete, “Gli scritti di Niccolo Perotti Biography : ed il Poliziano”, Fano, Notiziario di in-

Nicolaus Perottus (Niccold Perotti) was formazione sui problemi cittadini, suppleborn in Fano, Italy in 1429 and died at mento al n. 4, 1971, 1-9; A. Zeno, Disser-

Sassoferrato on Dec. 14, 1480. After study fazioni Vossiane I (Venice 1752) 256-274.

with Vittorino da Feltre at Mantua 1443- Mercati is fundamental. I am indebted 1445 and Guarino da Verona at Ferrara to Dr. F.-R. Hausmann of the University 1445-1446, he travelled to Rome, where he of Freiburg for bibliographical information

came under the protection of Cardinal on Perotti.

Bessarion. He accompanied the latter

during his years in Bologna, 1450-1459. 3. BARTHOLOMAEUS Facius (FACCcIUs)

Upon the election of Pope Calixtus III in and Iacosus Cur.us, aided by NicoLaus 1455 he was made apostolic secretary and SAGUNDINUS and THEODORUS GAZA.

in South 1458 Italy, was named of Siponto A sul visite ted Nanles bef in near thearchbishop modern Manfreeneas Sylvius aples before

donia. He continued to hold this position 1454 (cf. his letter to Panormita, cited

until his death, although he was frequently above, [. 1, under Manuscripts, and Curcalled to serve as the civil governor of lo’s dedication). On returning to Germany, towns in theViterbo. Papal States,graph including alter Some oey: he sent ne origina auto” ia and ofPeruVergerio’s translation to onso

. Works: He translated various Greek (ca. 27 Jan. 1454). This was entrusted to

works, the best known of which are Epic- Facio by Alfonso to have its style polished. tetus’ Encheiridion and the first five books Curlo says that Facio went at once to work,

of Polybius done for Pope Nicholas V. “ut in eo annis circiter tribus dies et noctes Other versions include a homily of Basil, incubuerit.” Since he died November 1457, the Hippocratic oath, and three opuscula this would suggest that he began at the end of Plutarch. His original works were chiefly of 1454 or beginning of 1455. Curlo states concerned with problems of teaching and that he was present frequently when Facio philology : two treatises on Latin metrics, a was consulting Nicolaus Sagundinus and

De componendis a very grammatices). Pes) pneoders vara on etherelative meaningcontributions of ue Oreck of Facio Latin grammarepistulis, (Rudimenta ext. Even his largest work, the Cornucopiae, and Sagundinus are described in this excerpt

took the form of an exhaustive commentary from a letter of the latter to his friend Marco to Martial. His Epitome was a collection of Aurelio dated Naples, April 3, 1456 : “Arria-

fables of Phaedrus and Avianus together num de gestis Alexandri, olim semibarbare with his own poetry. His writings also in latinum conversum [the Vergerio transla-

include letters, poems and invectives. tion], Bartholomaeus noster nondum atti7

GREEK AUTHORS

git. Rege autem [Alphonso] hortante ma- vulgi rumores secuti non tam quae Alexxime, traductionem illam equidem cum ander gesserit quam quae de illo pervulgata Graeco fideliter et accuratissime contuli et essent memoriae prodidere ; alii domesticae scrutatus sum, ubi ferme innumeros emen- laudis studio adducti in extollendis rebus davi errores, quantum scilicet ad veritatem eius modum excessisse existimati sunt; historiae et auctoris sententias attineret : nonnulli gloriae cupiditate adducti, quae orationi enim lumen adhibere latinitatis tanto rege digna putaverunt litteris mandaet elocutioni nitorem et venustatem appo- vere, lenociniis quibusdam figmentorum site ac diserte adjicere, Bartholomaei partes delectati; quidam tanti nominis splendore utique sunt, qui occasionem idoneam nac- offensi eilusdem res carpere atque elevare tus, si suppeditetur sibi ocium, rem impigre studuerunt. Arrianus autem noster unus aggredietur, et vita comite, ut est ingenium omnium diligentissime ac verissime hanc et eruditio viri, egregie ac luculenter ab- historiam graece putatur scripsisse, vel eo solvet.” Nicolaus’ collaboration seems to maxime quod Ptolomeum et Aristobolum be the fact behind the notice of a separate gravissimos ac summos viros, qui omnibus translation by him first found in a prefatory Alexandri rebus gestis non solum interfuere letter by Alexander Gabuardus in the 1508 sed etiam cum dignitate praefuere, secutus

edition of the Facio-Curlo translation: est. Ad haec oratione ipsa pressus ac per“Thadeus ille Ugoletus Parmensis, vir in politus, maximeque circa rerum narrandautraque pagina doctissimus, me suis letteris rum ordinem intentus, historicum sese

admonuit se legisse interpretationem Arr- quam oratorem videri mavult, quamquam hiani a Nicolao Sagundino factitatam fuis- in orationibus nec vim dicendi nec copiam se.” Sagundinus’ letter clearly states, how- sibi defuisse demonstrat. Itaque cum ad ever, that he did not actually make a trans- manus meas pervenisset Arriani ipsius tra-

lation, but corrected Vergerio’s translation ductio quaedam non satis latina neque against the Greek for Facio and King Alexandri nomine gloriaque digna, novae Alfonso. How close Facio’s version remained compositionis laborem assumere libuit. Nec

to the text of Vergerio may be seen by vero est quod Petrum Paulum Vergerium,

noting how in his preface he restates with eius traductionis auctorem, vituperem, quem

little change the expressions used by Ver- unum ex doctis et eloquentibus viris aegerio in his. At the time of Facio’s death, tatis nostrae fuisse satis scio: nam pro sua Curlo informs us in his dedicatory letter, eloquentia, ut puto, si voluisset et ornate et Facio had finished only one quarter of the commode hanc historiam, quemadmodum work, leaving the rest full of erasures and coetera quae latine composuit, interpretari “wounds”. Curlo himself did not resume ac tractare potuisset. Coeterum ut a Sigiswork on the translation until after Alfonso’s mundo imperatore Romano qui parum doc-

death (June 27, 1458). According to UIl- tus erat sine cuiuspiam adiumento posset man, Curlo is not heard of after 1461. The intelligi (sic enim ab eo scriptum repperi),

translation was corrected by Ludovicus hanc historiam ita inculte de industria

Odaxius for the first edition of 1508 (see traduxit. Sed ut ille Sigismundi voluntati, the letter of Sigismundus Golphus). qui exiguam grammaticae, nullam eloquenDedication I: (ed. 1508, Pisauri. I follow tiae cognitionem haberet, gerere morem the more correct readings of Urb. lat. 415). studuit, sic ego tentare. volui an hic noster

Bartholomei Facii ad Alfonsum regem labor Alfonso regi omni doctrina praedito Aragonum praefacio. . .[Znc.}: Multi, Alfon- probari posset, atque ut illa prior editio se rex gloriosissime, Alexandri Macedonis Germanis incultioribus relinqueretur, haec rerum scriptores fuere, neque enim de quo- nostratium politiorum esset. Iuvabit me quam rege plures fere unquam scripsere, quidem duorum maximorum et opulentissitantae omnibus seculis admirationi fuit morum aetatis suae regum omnisque meillius regis sive fortuna sive virtus sive moriae facile principum alterius facta celegloria. Sed mirum est quantum hi omnes brasse, alterius res graece scriptas latinas inter se discrepare videantur. Namque alii effecisse. Cum prius, quantum ad Arria8

ARRIANUS

num attinet, non satis latine essent et cum incepimus. Verum orationis inconcinnitas coeterorum regum ac principum virorum plures a legendo deterrebat. At rex sapienfacta noscitanda sint aut regibus aut rem tissimus cognito libri vitio continuo Faccium publicam gubernantibus, in primis tamen voluit pro eius dicendi facilitate et ornatu

Alexandri nostri facta contenderim, qui negotium sumere ex barbaro latinum fatam florenti aetate, tam brevi temporis ciendi, quod ille et iussu regio et suasu meo curriculo, tam parva militum manu quic- praestare haudquaquam recusavit. Mihi quid terrarum ab Hellesponto ad Oceanum etenim indignum videbatur adeo singularem Indicum pertinet imperio suo subiecit, qui adeo praestantem et veram historiam adeo

tot proeliis ne semel quidem fortunam ad- negligenter deperire. [le autem tanto stuversam expertus est, qui denique clementia, dio susceptum negotium amplexus est, ut liberalitate, magnificentia non minus quam in eo annis circiter tribus dies et noctes armis notus est atque illustris. Cuius rei incubuerit summaque diligentia elaborarit. gratia hoc opus aliquanto libentius aggressus Affui ego una saepius cum Nicolaum Sa-

sum, in quo si tibi, Alfonse, et coeteris gondinum et Theodorum Tessalonicensem

doctis hominibus satisfecero, hoc tibi Alex- [Theodore Gaza], viros summos et graecaander merito debebit, quod Arrianus suus rum et latinarum litterarum eruditissimos, qui prius tantummodo grecus erat, nunc conveniret et ab illis multarum rerum quae

etiam tuo hortatu latinus factus est. latinis obscuriora videbantur explanationem

Dedication II (ed. 1508, Pisauri. I follow exquireret, quae Vergerius absurde transthe more correct reading of Urb. lat. 415). tulisset, hique Arrianum multis laudibus Iacobus Curlus Genuensis Arnaldo Fenole- efferrent. Itaque historiam ipsam latinam dae [Fonellada] equiti hispano viro claris- et suavissimam reddidit Faccius noster. simo atque ornatissimo sal. (Zne.]: Bartho- Cuius tamen cum quartam vix partem lomeus Faccius conterraneus meus et fa- pressisset, reliquis tribus nondum satis miliaris tuus ut nosti his temporibus nostris elimatis, morte praeventus [Nov. 1457], opus

claruit apud divum Alfonsum regem nos- multis lituris abolitum et vulneribus pene trum, cuius historiam et complura insuper confossum reliquit. Quod vivens Alfonsus opera elegantissime scripsit non sine magna rex haud muito antequam et ipse mortem et Regis et auctoris ipsius laude gratia et obiret recuperavit ut aliquando aliqualiter dignitate. Delectabatur enim Rex inclitus restitueretur. Nunc autem rege vita functo et quidem vehementer litteris, viris litte- {he died June 27, 1458], cum essem ut scis ratis ac libris, quos et magno in honore Faccio perfamiliaris scriptaque sua ut prohabuit et amplissimis praemiis ac muneribus fecto magnificienda sunt magnificerem et

undique ad se accersebat. Inter quos vi- admirarer, non sum passus hanc tantam

dimus Aeneam Senensem praesulem, qui historiam simulque hominis amicissimi inpostea Pius summus Pontifex effectus est gentes labores et vigilias deperire. Itaque (Aug. 19, 1458]. Is, cum apud Regem lega- cum tibi hanc a rege relictam hereditatem tionis munere fungeretur videretque regem viderem, ut libros vehementer et litteras tantopere libris affectum, in Germaniam adamares, librum pene extinctum in tui rediens misit ad eum [January 1454} tra- gratiam restituere curavi et ut potui emenductionem quandam Arriani Graeci rerum datum exscripsi, ut historiam notione diggestarum Alexandri scriptoris verissimi quam nissimam cognoscere possis. Coeterum id Paulus Vergerius vir doctissimus et alioqui mihi fuerit praemium mei laboris vel max-

eloquentissimus in latinum verterat, sed imum, quod viri optimi et amicissimi mei barbare, quo Sigismundus Germanorum im- labores non sinam debito in hac re suae

perator apud quem illa tempestate diversa- gloriae fructu fraudari, et tuae in me batur posset historiam intelligere, qui a benevolentiae ac liberalitati, cui omnia me dicendi suavitate et elegantia penitus ab- debere profiteor, aliqua ex parte satishorreret. Is liber cum ad Regem nostrum fecero. Vale. fuisset perlatus omnes qui litteras profite- Dedication III: (ed. 1508, Pisauri) Sigis-

bamur magno cum desiderio illum legere mundus Golphus Pergulanus, Francisci Mar9

GREEK AUTHORS

chionis Mantuae illustrissimi secretarius, Anabasis [Title]: Arriani praefatio in liAlouisio Gonzagae viro magnifico S. P. D. bris rerum gestarum Alexandri regis, tra[Inc.] : Non me fugit, Alouisi observande, te ductis per Bartholomaeum Facium. [Jnce.] : plurimos lectitasse autores de historiae laudi- Ex omnibus Alexandri rerum scriptoribus bus differentes. ../...[Ezpl.] : Sed tantum ut quae Ptolemaeus Lagi et Aristobolus Arislitterarum studiosis oblectamenti mea cura, toboli de rege ipso consentientes memoriae

Hieronymi Soncinatis faberrimi ac_ dili- prodiderunt, utpote verissima litteris mangentis impressoris industria, et suasu atque davi.../...[Expl.]: cuius rei gratia et ego consilio tuo, quippe qui cum doctus sis absque divino quodam instinctu ad hanc

doctos colis et veneraris, aliquid afferatur, historiam scribendam me contuli. historiam ab Arriano inter graecos historicos Indica [Inc.]: Regiones quae cis Indum primario de Alexandri Magni gestis accurate flumen sitae sunt adversus occidentem et aeditam a Bartholomeo Facio in latinum tra- Cophenum amnem Astaceni atque Asaceni

ductam et demum a Ludovico Odaxio Indicae gentes incolunt.../...[Ezpl.]: Et

emendatam non invitus Hieronymo in he- haec quidem de rebus Indicis seorsum a me braica et caldea lingua nemini cedenti, et conscripta in ipsum Alexandrum Philippi in latino minime rudi, tradidi imprimendam. referantur. Praeclara enim et rara sunt, quae litterarum Bibl. : B. Vulcanius, pref. letter to Thomas

monumentis mandavit Arrianus ad_ rei Redigerus, in Arriani Anabasis Alexandri, militaris decus spectantia. Nam ita signate Geneva 1575, ff. *ii¥-*iiiiv (Vulcanius’ crit-

regiones, montes, campos, convalles, flu- icisms of Facio’s translation; Vulcanius’ mina, lacus, civitates et oppida descripsit, translation is I, 6 below); Laurentius Meut qui legerint constat eis illuc non modo hus in B. Facti De viris illustribus liber concessisse, sed in loco adesse, armorum (Florence 1745) XLIV-XLVIII; Apostolo strepitus et fragorem aures obtundere, con- Zeno, Dissertazioni Vossiane I (Venice 1752)

tiones audire, stratagemata struere, acies 62-64: and 340 (Sagundinus’ letter to Auordinare, proelia committere, castra_ diri- relio) ; Georg Voigt, Die Wiederbelebung des

pere, ac gentes avertere, et, ut summatim classischen Alterthums’ (Berlin 1893, rep. dicam, nec legentis desiderio nullum reli- Berlin 1960) II, 176-177; Ubaldo Mazzini,

quit locum. Vale. Ex Villula Pestanarii. ‘Appunti e notizie per servire alla bio-

Nonis Aprilis MDVII. (April 5, 1507). bibliografia di Bartolomeo Facio,’ Giornale Dedication IV: (ed. 1508, Pisauri) Alex- storico e letterario della Liguria IV (1903) ander Gabuardus Turcellanus Thomae Plo- 437. vatatio patricio Constantinopolitano iuris- Greek Source: consulto S. P. D. [Jnc.]: Multum debebunt Although Facio and Curlo worked from bonarum litterarum indagatores Sigismundo the Latin of Vergerio, they did compare the Golpho Pergolano viro doctrina multiplici Latin occasionally with a Greek text, aided totiusque antiquitatis curioso, Thoma iuris- by Sagundino and Gaza (see the letters of

consultorum consultissime, qui exstinctam Sagundino and Curlo, above). In Facio’s pene de Alexandri magni rebus_ gestis translation, as found in the manuscripts and Arriani historiam resurgere et in lucem the edition of 1508, Books VI and VII were prodire enixissime curaverit. . .(Gabuardus separated (correcting Vergerio’s text) but goes on with an account of the known infor- the Indica was called simply the eighth book

mation on Arrian from ancient sources, of the Anabasis. The only Greek manuscripts referring as well to the supposed translation which call the Indica book VIII of the Anaby Sagundinus in the passage cited above). . ./ basis are those of Roos’ third family of the ..._Ezpl.]: Vale Caesareii pontificiique iuris second class, descended from V. Of these,

lumen splendidissimum. Alexandrum sem- to my knowledge only f (Par. gr. 1407) per tuum ama, qui te ob tuas amplissimas omits the title Indica completely, as does virtutes amat, colit et observat. Subsisgna- the translation of Facio. Copied in 1438, f is tum Pisauri MDVIII eid. Iun. (June 13, said to have belonged to Antonello Petrucci,

1508). holder of many high positions in the Ara-

10

ARRIANUS

gonese court at Naples (died 1487. See G. mundus Golphus of Pergola, secretary of Mazzatinti, La biblioteca det re d’Aragona Francesco, Marchese of Mantua, to Aloysius in Napoli, Naples 1897, p. L; there is no sign Gonzaga, explains that the text of Facio’s

of Petrucci’s ownership at present). After- translation given by Sigismundus to the wards it belonged successively to Card. printer Soncino, had been emended by the Niccold Ridolfi, Catherine de’ Medici and learned Ludovicus Odaxius. In fact numerHenry IV of France, and eventually to the ous small corrections, not requiring recourse

Bibliothéque Nationale. Two other manu- to the Greek text, appear in this edition.

scripts of this class also come from Naples, The second letter, from Alexander Gabuarwhere both were owned by Janus Parrha- dus Turcellanus to Thomas Diplovatatius, sius : Leiden. Periz. F(olio) 6 and Neapol. gr. dated at Pesaro June 13, 1508, collects what

III B 20. The latter contains only the was known of Arrian from ancient writers.

Anabasis. The notes printed in the margins of this Manuscripts : edition were by its editors, as can be seen

(*) Escorial, N. If. 2; mbr.s. XV. Seems from that at the death of Alexander (Anab. to lack the letter of Curlo (P. Guillermo 7, 26. 1) “Idem tertio idus apriles MDVIII Antolin, Catdlogo de los cédices latinos de la [April 11, 1508] in Guidum Ub. Ducem

Real Biblioteca del Escorial, III [Madrid [Guidubaldo of Urbino] morientem Foro

1913] 131-132). Sempronii a populo factum.” NUC, BM, (*) Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale, V G 1; Fab. BG V 95; cf. Maittaire II, 188 for

mbr. s. XV. (Kristeller, Jfer I, 401). long quotations from the letters. Copy in

Naples, Biblioteca Oratoriana, detta dei Morgan Library, New York. Girolamini, S. M. XXVIII, 1-37 (olim Pil. 1539, Basileae (Basel): Robert CheimeVI, no. VII); mbr. s. XV (E. Mandarini, rinus (Winter) (Index Aureliensis 109.031). I codici manoscritti della Biblioteca Ora- in 2 vols., vol. I Greek, vol. II Latin. Many toriana di Napoli [Naples 1897] 28-29; T. corrections by the editor, Nicolaus GerbeDe Marinis, La Biblioteca napoletana dei Re lius : e.g. 340, the Indica is identified as a d’Aragona [Milan, 1952] II, 19; Kristeller, separate book: “Arriani...de rebus gestis

Iter I, 396; II, 545). Alexandri...Liber octauus. Videtur hic

Padua, Conte Novello Papafava, cod. 21, liber seorsum ab Arriano de Indicarum fasc. 17 part 2, fols. 13v-14 (preface only). rerum tractatione scriptus esse, neque ad

Reported by P. O. Kristeller. praecedentium alioqui seriem pertinere. Eius Piacenza, Bibl. comunale Landiana, ms. autem libro 6 pagina 227 meminit.” The

Landi 176; cart. s. XV. Lacks the letter of letter of Gabuardus is printed, that of Curlo (A. Balsamo, Catalogo dei Manoscritti Sigismundus Golphus is omitted. NUC;

della Biblioteca Comunale di Piacenza, BN.

[Piacenza 1910] 57, Kristeller, Iter II, 69). 1552, Lugduni (Lyons): Seb. Gryphius Vatican City, Vat. Lat. 5268, mbr. s. XV. (Index Aureliensis 109.033). Reprint of Once belonged to Matthias Corvinus (D. J. A. 1539 Latin text and letters. NUC; BN, Ross, Scriptorium 1i1 [1957] 104-108, Kris- Baudrier, Bibliographie Lyonnaise VIII, teller Iter II, 332). 208. Vatican City, Urb. Lat. 415, mbr. s. XV 1554, Bernae (Berne) and Basel: Mathias

(C. Stornaiolo, Codices Urbinates Latini I Apiarius, at the expense of J. Oporinus [Rome 1902] 427, T. De Marinis, La Bi- (Index Aureliensis 109.034 and 109.036). blioteca napoletana dei Re d’Aragona [Mi- Reprint of 1539 Latin text and letters. BN.

Jan 1952] II, 18-19). (*) 1556, Tiguri (Zurich): Andreas and

Editions: Jacobus Gesner. (Selections from Anabasis 1508, Pisauri (Pesaro): Hieronymus de I, pp. 613-621 in Aelian, Opera Omnia).

Soncino (Index Aureliensis 109.022). Besides BM, BN, Fabricius BG V, 96; L. Mehus,

the letters of Facio (Ai¥) and of Curlo ed., Bartholomaei Facii De viris illustribus

(RiiiivY) found in the manuscripts, this edition liber (Florence 1745) xxxxvii; U. Mazzini, adds two new letters. The first, from Sigis- ‘Appunti e notizie. . .’, 437. 11

GREEK AUTHORS

Biography: known of his early years: he copied manu-

Bartholomaeus Facius (Faccius ; Facio, Fa- scripts for Cosimo de’ Medici in Florence in zio) was born in La Spezia before 1410 and 1423 and in Rome in 1425, and another in died at Naples in November 1457. He stud- Milan in 1428. In 1428 he planned to go to

ied with Guarino in Verona several years, Cyprus, though nothing is heard of his

and in 1429-1430 studied Greek in Florence. journey. In 1441 he was sent by the Doge

After various minor offices in Genoa and of Genoa to the Queen of Jerusalem and Lucca, he was named official envoy of the Sicily, in 1445 he was scriptor to Alfonso Genoese Republic to Alfonso of Aragon on of Aragon, King of Naples. Thereafter he September 20, 1443, to negotiate a truce in a filled positions of responsibility for both long-standing war. He went to Naples, Genoa and Naples: in 1446 he was Genoese where in July 1445 he was taken into the legate to Florence, and in 1448 and 1450 he

service of King Alfonso. He became Al- was sent by the republic to Francesco

fonso’s official historiographer at an annual Sforza in Milan. In June 1451 he was in pension of 300 ducats. At Naples he was a Naples, but preparing to go to Genoa. He close friend of Antonio Panormita, and a transcribed manuscripts in Naples between

bitter enemy of Lorenzo Valla. 1455 and 1459. After Alfonso’s death in

His writings cover many of the genres of 1458 we find him in Venice (see the letter humanistic literature: grammatical treatises, quoted by Mittarelli). His last dated work letters, invectives (against Valla), a vernac- was a Latin poem celebrating the victory of ular translation of Isocrates’ Ad Nicoclem the Genoese Paolo Campofregoso over the

(from the Latin), various historical works French in 1461. Presumably he died not (De bello Veneto Clodiano; Aliud parvi long thereafter. temporis bellum Venetum; De rebus gestis He studied with Cassarino, who dedicated

ab Alphonso primo libri X), a collection of to him his translation of the Apophthegmata

contemporary biographies (De viris illus- Laconica of Plutarch. Bartolomeo Facio tribus), a historical novella, De origine belli and Antonio Panormita were his close friends.

inter Gallos et Britannos historia, and two His chief work appears to have been that moral treatises, De humanae vitae felicitate of a copyist (see mss. listed by Ullman and

and De excellentia ac praestantia hominis. De Marinis). Other items are the Latin Bibl.: Enc. Ital. 14, 710 (by R. Sabba- poem mentioned above, a _ rewriting in

dini); Rossi 89, 170, 190, Diz. storico della vocabulary form of the epitome of Donatus’

Lett. Ital. (Torino 1959) 436-37. commentary on Terence, and the translation F. Gabotto, ‘Un nuovo contributo alla of Arrian. storia dell’umanesimo ligure,’ Sociefa ligure Bibl.: T. De Marinis, La biblioteca napodi storia patria 24 (1892) 129-84, 275-83. letana dei Re d’Aragona I (Milan 1952) 13-

P, O. Kristeller, “The humanist Bartolo- 15; G. B. Mittarelli, Bibliotheca codicum meo Facio and his unknown correspondence, ’ manuscriptorum monasterii S. Michaelis Ve-

in From the Renaissance to the Counter- netiarum prope Murianum (Venice 1779) Reformation, Essays in Honor of Garrett cols. 295-300; B. L. Ullman, The Origin

Mattingly, ed. C. H. Carter, New York and Development of Humanistic Script

1965, 56-74 ; U. Mazzini, ‘Appunti e notizie (Rome 1960) 96-98 with his supplementary per servire alla bio-bibliografia di Bartolo- article, ‘More Humanistic Manuscripts’ in meo Facio,’ Giornale storico e letterario della Calligraphy and Palaeography, Essays pre-

Liguria IV (1903) 400-454; R. Sabbadini, sented to Alfred Fairbank (London 1965) ‘Bartolomeo Facio scolaro a Verona, maestro 49-50, and the review by P. O. Kristeller, a Venezia’ in Scritti storici in memoria di Manuscripta 5 (1961) 35-40, esp. 37-38. Giovanni Monticolo, Padua (ca. 1922), 27-36.

Biography: 4, CAROLUS VALGULIUS.

Jacobus Curlus (Curulus) Ianuensis. Cur-

lo was born ca. 1400 in Genoa or its terri- The translation had been begun, and tory, for he calis himself Genoese. Little is perhaps finished, before April, 1507, as we 12

ARRIANUS

learn from his statement in his “Prooe- Brixiae xi. Aprilis. (There follows a list of mium in Musicam Plutarchi ad Titum Pyrr- errors). hium” (published April 1, 1507 at Brescia) : Parrhasius’ letter to Moretus (A 6): Ianus “Arrianus in rebus Alexandri quem nos in Parrhasius Antonio Moreto salutem. Au-

latinum sermonem vertimus.” It first dio, mi Morete, ex officina tua exisse Ar-

appears complete in a pre-publication copy, rhianum. Si ita est, libet affirmare excultum dedicated to Bartolomeo Liviano d’Alviano, tersumque esse et te dignum. Novi ingenium

a condottiere for Venice, in or shortly before ema in peaneiran Poesia mam

April 1508. Various corrections were made min pu licum as Nist ad amussim fac-

. athe 1 ge +s tum. Quare miro quodam desiderio quom in printing, containing a new -abs sg gg, , .official tenear operis inspiciendi te peto, ut

gathering, which can be dated between , eps July 13. 1508. when d’Alvi d huic ad me des unum. Ipse tibi quodcum-

wy ies ? , en viano- was ma que pretium dixeris a me numerabit. Ego ey Me Boo ume venetian token vero siquid est his quod efficere pro tuo

ang May 14, when fe was taken tuorumque commodo possim, polliceor ope-

prisoner by the French. The extra gathering ram meam quantulamcumque. Vale. Veiceincludes a second title page with the words tiae. xv. Kalendas Maii.

Ad Bartholomeum Livianum, Buclani Anabasis. [Inc.] : Res gestas Alexandri Phiducem, felicissimi exercitus Venetorum gu- lippi filii quascumque Ptolemaeus Lagi et bernatorem generalem” as well as letters of Aristobulus Aristobuli consentientes per-

Valgulius and the humanist Ianus Par- scripserunt tamquam ex vero haustas et

rhasius to Antonius Moretus, the publisher, usquequaque certas sum scripturus.../... the first concerning misprints, the second a [Expl.]}: tum hominum etiam utilitatis testimonial to the high quality of the trans- causa. Pro quibus haudquaquam sine divi-

lation. no instinctu ad hos commentarios perscriProemium (AW) Charoli Valgulii Brixiani bendos ipse quoque accessi.

Proemium in Arrianum Rerum Alexandri Indica: Arriani Indici Commentarii InMacedonis Scriptorem. [Jnc.]: Quantum terprete Charolo Valgulio Brixiano. [Jnc.]: spe atque opinione falluntur homines suaque Trans Indum flumen quae pars occasum eos frustrant consilia qui divino illi oraculo spectat ad Cophenum usque amnem ab

non parent quo monemur ne hominibus Astacenis Assacenisque Indicis gentibus fidamus......Bartholomeo autem Liviano incolitur. ../...[Ezpl.]: Ultra silphium deDuci Buclani artis militaris peritissimo viro serta atque harena obtinent. Hic quoque et consilio atque virtute praestantissimo commentarius qui et ipse ad Alexandrum quia nominis Alexandri praecipue cultor Philippi filium spectat mihi _ perscriptus est elusque vestigia si praesidia adessent esto. aemulaturus hanc historiam dedico.../... Bibl.: Lloyd W. Daly, “Charolus Valgu[Expl.]: quos inscripsit sermones familiares lius’ Latin Version of Arrian’s ‘ Anabasis’,”

Epicteti, quosque nos et ipsos vertimus, T. The Library Chronicle 17 (1951) 83-89; Livium quoad possumus imitati in secessibus T. M.-T. Guarnaschelli, Bibliofilia 51 (1949)

philosophiae vacantes quietam atque tran- 94; A. Moricca-Caputi, “Appunti su alcuni quillam vitam procul ambitione ducentes. incunaboli Casanatensi,” in Studi di biblioValgulio’s letter to Moretus (A 5) : Charolus grafia e di argomento romano in memoria di

Valgulius Antonio Moreto salutem. Anto- Luigi de Gregori (Roma 1949) 307-309.

ni Morete salve. Tandem ultimum quinter- Greek source: nionem Arriani a famulo tuo habui, sed Vaigulio is known to have twice borrowed postquam venales proscripsisti libros velut Vat. gr. 325 (P), containing among other

absolutos. Accipe infrascriptos errores pro- things the Anabasis and the Indica: on June ponendos: aliquos praetermisi, quia siquis 24, 1494 (returned Oct. 7) and on Sept. 27, suopte ingenio non est intellecturus nec 1498 (no date of return marked). See Maria recte scripta intelliget nec dignus erit qui Bertdéla, I due primi registri di prestito della librum legat. Tu melius eos dispones. Vale. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (cod. Vat. 13

GREEK AUTHORS

lat. 3964, 3966) (Vatican City 1942) 56-57. Marsilio Ficino in letters of the mid 70’s. However, at Anab. 3.13.3 Valgulio is closest In 1481-85 he was in Rome using the Vatican

to a unique reading of Vind. hist. gr. 111 library. There he served as secretary first (Q). Since Q is very similar to P, and was to the Apostolic Treasurer, Falco Sinibaldi, copied at the end of s. XV (one watermark then to Cesare Borgia, to whose fortunes is Briquet 3677, in use at Lucca 1482-1498), he seems to have been tied for a period. it may have been copied from P for Valgulio. From 1497 on he published his translations

In any case, Valgulio supplemented P in his native Brescia. Valgulio fought on the (or Q) with other manuscripts, since he side of Venice in the battles of 1508, serving divides Books VI and VII of the Anabasis under Bartolomeo d’Alviano, to whom he

and gives a separate title to the Jndica, dedicated the Anabasis. whereas they do not. He could have used Works: Valgulio translated Plutarch’s Vat. gr. 143 (F), already present in the De virtute morali, De tuenda sanitate, PraeVatican inventory of 1475, #99 (see R. cepta coniugalia, Praecepta rei publicae Devreesse, Le fonds grec de la Bibliothéque gerendae, and De musica (the last with an Vaticane des origines ad Paul V [Studi e introduction and commentary), Cleomedes’ Testi 244, Vatican City 1965] p. 49). Val- De contemplatione orbium excelsorum, and gulio also seems to have used other Vatican speeches of Dio Chrysostom and Aristides. manuscripts for his translations : the text of According to the dedicatory letter to the Epictetus is present in Vat. gr. 325 and he Anabasis, he also translated Epictetus, but

borrowed a copy of Cleomedes from the no trace of this translation has survived.

Vatican May 4, 1483. Besides the commentary to De musica and

Manuscripts: various letters, his only known original

None are known. Probably only the works are a pamphlet supporting the Bres-

author’s copy ever existed. cian sumptuary laws on funerals, and another

Editions: Contra vituperatores musicae. [1508] Venice: [Bernardinus de Vitalibus]. Bibl.: P. O. Kristeller, Supplementum

It has sometimes been thought to be an Ficinianum (Florence 1937) I, 114-115; A. incunabulum: cf. Hain 1811, Reich. II, Valentini, Carlo Valgulio letterato bresciano #406, GW II, 704. The printer is uncertain, del XV_ secolo (Brescia 1903); A. Zanelli, but the type is that of de Vitalibus, and the Archivio storico lombardo ser. IV, fasc. I work frequently appears with other volumes (1904) 125-133 (a review article on Valenprinted by him. Since the volume is rather tini). The indices to Kristeller, Iter Italicum

rare, I will supplement the list of copies bring to light many mss. of Valgulio’s given by Daly: Brera (Milan) 2 copies: works hitherto unknown. AB. XIV.8, bound with Philostratus’ De

vita Apolloni Tyanei (Venice 1502) and 5. FrRANciscus Portus

AP.XX.18, bound with Caesar’s Commen-

faria (Venice 1499) and Merula’s Historia Portus translated six speeches from ArVicecomitum (n.p., n.d.). Biblioteca Colom- rian’s Anabasis for a collection of speeches

bina (Seville): see Simon De la Rosa y from Latin and Greek historians published Lopez, Biblioteca Columbina: Catalogo de by H. Stephanus (Estienne) at Paris in sus libros impresos (Sevilla 1888) I, 158- 1570. There is no dedicatory letter or other 159. Biblioteca Vaticana, ex / Inc / II.648. statement concerning the translation, but

Biography: the version of each speech is preceded by

Carolus Valgulius (Carolo Valgulio) was the statement, “Eadem latine, Francisco born in the mid-fifteenth century in Brescia, Porto interprete.” They appear to have

and died there Jan. 17, 1517. He first been made at the request of Stephanus

appears as the recipient of a Greek epigram only shortly before the publication of the from Politian in 1472. He seems to have collection. The speeches are 1) Alexander been on good terms with the humanists in to his troops before Tyre, 2.17 ; 2) Acuphis to

Florence, and is warmly mentioned by Alexander on the history of Nysa, 5.1.5-6 ;

14

ARRIANUS

3) Alexander to his generals at the Hyphasis, recognoscendam susciperem, facile induci 0.25.3-26.8 ; 4) Coenus to Alexander on the passus sim. ...Accepto itaque ab Henrico same occasion, 5.27.2-9; 5) Alexander’s Stephano codice manuscripto, eoque pervespeech to his mutinous troops at Opis, 7.9-10 ; tusto, sed aliquot chartis mutilo. . .totum 6) Callines’ reproach and Alexander’s reply, me magna animi alacritate ad Arrianum

7.11.6-7. contuli. Quumque vetustum codicem cum

Translation. [Inc.]: Anab, 2.17.1: Equi- eo qui Basileae olim graece Gerbelii opera dem non video nobis, amici atque socii, editus fuit conferrem, summamdque lIectionis tutum esse iter in Aegyptum, Persis im- discrepantiam offenderem, coepi etiam quid

perium maris obtinentibus.. ./.. .[Expl.]: Bartholomaeus Facius, qui illum Latine

Anab.7.11.7: Quibus verbis exceptis, Alex- olim vertit, praestitisset explorare: quumander, Ego vero vos, ingquit, omnes facio que in ipso statim limine et primis aliquot meos cognatos, atque hinc deinde cognatos paginis magnam varietatem invenissem,

appellabo. facile non ex ungue (quod aiunt) leonem, Edition: sed ex auriculis asinum agnovi, nihilque

1570, Paris ;: H. Stephanus (Gr.-Lat.) Ex- totius triennii quod huic autori vertendo cerpts from the Anabasis in Conciones, sive impendit labore dignum. Ita passim quamorationes ex graecis latinisque _historicis plurima de suo addit, quamplurima summa excerptae, ed. H. Stephanus, pp. 266-273. quadam confidentia demit, temere innume-

BM, BN, Brunet II, 212; Fab. BG V, 97. ra pulcherrime ab Arriano dicta truncat,

A.A. Renouard, Annales de Il’Imprimerie conciseque transfert, in aliis sexcentis locis a

des Estienne* (Paris 1843) I, 133-34. Copy se non intellectis turpissime labitur, ut

in RPB. alibi Arriani paraphrasim, alibi epitomen te Biography : legere putes, alibi ipsum Arrianum non

See above, vol. II, 198. agnoscas. [Vulcanius goes on to state at some length that it was therefore necessary

6. BONAVENTURA VULCANIUS for him to retranslate the whole work. His method of working with the manuscripts Vulcanius made a thorough revision of he describes as follows :] Quantus vero vete-

the Facio-Curlo translation in Geneva at ris codicis usus fuerit quem ab Henrico the request of the printer Henricus Ste- Stephano accepi (Constantinopoli ad eum

phanus (Estienne). In his dedicatory letter, una cum quibusdam Aristotelis aliorumque dated August 1, 1575, he states that he had Graecorum scriptorum libris missum) ad

first intended merely to polish the old Arriani inveterata vulnera curandum, ex

translation, but that its innumerable faults pauculis aliquot eisque selectioribus locis forced him to rewrite it completely. He quos huic epistolae subiungam constabit. calls it a seven-month’s labor, and says that Leviora enim errata quae illius manuscripti he used the 1539 Basel edition of Gerbelius exemplaris ope restitui, tot propemodum and an old and mutilated manuscript of the fuerunt, quot sunt periodi. Nonnulli tamen

Greek text given him by Stephanus. A loci, de quorum integritate vehementer draft of part of the translation bears the dubito, incurati a me sunt relicti, quod date March 17, 1575 (see below, Manuscript). exemplar manuscriptum multis locis (ut

Dedication. Domino Thomae Redigero dixi) mutilum fuerit, et ego nudis meis

Silesio Bonaventura Vulcanius Brugensis coniecturis niti noluerim neque id religiosa S. P. D. [Inc.]: Quanta sit historiae utilitas, Henr. Stephani diligentia permissura fue-

domine Redigere, ad omnes humanae vitae rit. ...[£zpl.]: quod quidem, si tibi (ut actiones recte instituendas. ... Ex quo qui- confido) non ingratum fuisse intellexero, dem meo erga Alexandrum vere magnum magnum me operae pretium fecisse iudicabo.

Studio factum est, ut nuper, post meum a Deus Optimus Maximus te _ reipublicae dubiis Ubiis [i.e. Cologne] discessum, ab literariae diu servet incolumem. Ex musaeo Henr. Stephano. . .postulante a me ut Ar- meo. Anno MDLXXV. Kal. Aug. [Aug. 1, riani De Expeditione Alexandri historiam 1575). 15

GREEK AUTHORS

Translation of Anabasis. [Inc.]: Ptolemae- Elizaeus Weyerstraet. (Gr.-Lat., with comus Lagi et Aristobulus Aristobuli filius mentary by Nicolaus Blancardus ; Vulcanius’ quaecumque de Alexandro Philippi filio translation emended by Blancardus). NUC, scribentes eadem ambo commemorant, ea BM, BN, Fab. BG V, 97.

tamquam verissima conscribam.../... (*) 1698, Oxoniae (Oxford): Sheldonian [Expl]: Facta vero nonnulla improbavi Theatre. (The voyage of Nearchus, taken et veritatis meae et publicae utilitatis cau- from the Indica. Gr.-Lat., with commentary

sa, in cuius gratiam huius historiae scrip- by the editor. In vol. I of Geographiae

tionem, non absque numine etiam, aggressus veteris scriptores graeci minores, ed. John

sum. Hudson). BM, BN, Fab. BG V, 100. Translation of Indica. {Inc.]: Quae extra 1704, Lugduni Batavorum (Leyden): Pe-

Indum amnem occidentem versus. sunt trus van der Aa (Gr.-Lat. ; translation revised regiones ad Cophenem fluvium usque, Asta- by the editor, lacobus Gronovius). NUC, ceni atque Assaceni, Indicae gentes, inco- BM, BN, Fab. BG V, 97.

lunt.../...[Eapl.] Ulteriora eius loca de- (*) 1757 Amstelodami (Amsterdam) : Wetserta altisque arenis obruta sunt. Atque hic sen. (Gr.-Lat.) NUC, BM, BN, Brunet I, 497. qui (sic) quidem liber seorsim a me conscrip- (*) 1798 Halis Magdeburgicis (Halle) : Getus sit etiam ipse ad Alexandrum Philippi bauer. (Indica only. Gr.-Lat.) NUC, BM, BN.

filium Macedonem pertinens. 1846, Paris : F. Didot (Gr.-Lat. In Arriani

Greek source: Anabasis et Indica, together with fragments

Vulcanius used for the text the 1539 of other Alexander-historians). NUC, BM, edition of Gerbelius and a manuscript “per- BN.

vetustum sed aliquot chartis mutilum” 1855 Paris: F. Didot. (Indica only. Gr.procured by Stephanus from Constantinople. Lat.) In Geographi Graect Minores, ed. Karl Frequent allusions are made to this manu- Miller, I, 306-369.) BM, BN.

script in his correspondence in 1575. Vul- 1865, Paris: F. Didot (reprint of 1846

canius saw the Augsburg manuscript (now edition.) NUC. in Munich, gr. 451) only after his translation 1877, Paris: F. Didot (reprint of 1846 had been published, as we learn from his edition) NUC. correspondence. See Jean-Baptiste Heinzel’s Biography : letter to Vulcanius and his reply, Corres- Bonaventure de Smet (Bonaventura Vulpondance p. 354, no. CLXXII and p. 180, canius) was born in Bruges on June 30,

no. LXXIX; and the notes dated 1576 in 1538. His father Peter was a friend of Munich gr. 451, inside the front cover and Erasmus and a lawyer in Bruges. As a

on f. 275¥. youth Vulcanius studied at Ghent with Manuscript: J. Otho, but in 1554 he went to Louvain,

(*) Leyden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversi- where he studied under Petrus Nannius and teit, cod. Vulcanianus 36, A.D. 1575. A col- others. A brief sojourn in Cologne in 1559 lection of notes made by Vulcanius. Fols. preceded his departure for Spain, where he 54-58 contain a draft of Anabasis I, Praef. held the position of secretary and librarian and cc. 1-6, dated by Vulcanius “Gen[evae] first for Francisco a Mendoza, archbishop of 17 Martii 1575 coepta.” See Bibliothecae Burgos, then for Mendoza’s brother FerdiUniversitatis Leidensis Codices Manuscripti nand, archdeacon of Toledo, until the latter I: Codices Vulcaniani (Leyden 1910) 15. died in 1570. After a brief stay in the Low

Editions: Countries, he was named in 1573 professor of

1575, [Genevae]: Henricus Stephanus (In- Greek at Cologne, but he was forced to dex Aurelianus 109.037). (Gr.-Lat.; with resign the following year, after offending the other works on Alexander). NUC, BM, BN, influential Gilbert Regius. In September A.A. Renouard, Annales de l’Imprimerie des 1574, Vulcanius went to Geneva, attracted

Estienne* (Paris 1843) I, 142. by the fame of Theodorus de Beza and the

1668, Amstelodami (Amsterdam) : Joannes promise of work with the celebrated pub- , Janssonius a Waeberge and the widow of lisher Stephanus. He soon moved to the 16

ARRIANUS

more congenial atmosphere of Basel, where Critical Editions: Flavius Arrianus II: he remained until his return to the Low Scripta Minora, ed. A. G. Roos (Leipzig, Countries in 1577. A period as secretary to Teubner, 1928), 103-128, corrected stereoMarnix de Sainte Aldegonde intervened type ed. by G. Wirth, Leipzig 1968. before he assumed the position of professor Arriano: Periplo del Ponto Eusino, ed. G. of Greek at Leyden in 1581, three years after Marenghi (Napoli, Libreria Scientifica Edi-

his nomination to the post. He died in trice, 1958) Leyden on October 9, 1614 at the age of A. Diller, The Tradition of the Minor

seventy-six. His large collection of manu- Greek Geographers (n.p. 1952) provides an University. of Denden by the Library of the indispensable account of the manuscripts

The translation of Arrian is his first and editions of this work and of III. Peripublished work. He devoted himself chiefly {48 Marts Erythraei. to editing and translating Greek works, pre-

paring first editions of Agathias, De im- TRANSLATIONS

perio et rebus gestis Iustiniani (1594) and

Nilus, De primatu papae Romani (1595), 1. ADRIANUS TURNEBUS

and editions of such works as Iordanes, . . . eas Isidore’s Chronicon Gothorum and Proco- This translation appears in the edition of pius, as well as a treatise De literis et lingua Turnebus’ collected works published in 1600.

Gothorum (1597). Unpublished Latin trans- There is no preface or other indication of

lations of Cyril and others are preserved in authorship, nor any information on the

manuscripts at Leyden. time or place of the translation. Turnebus

His Album amicorum, a collection of died in 1565. .

signatures of his friends (Correspondance Translation. [Inc.]: Trapezuntem venimus pp. 495-498) attests a wide circle of acquain- urbem Graecam, ut Xenophon ille dicit, tances among scholars in Switzerland and maritimam, Sinopensium coloniam. Ac Pon-

the Low Countries. tum guidem Euxinum libenter illinc unde Bibl.: Biographie Nationale de Belgique V tu et Xenophon aspeximus. . ./.. [Expl]: (Bruxelles 1876) 753-759, s.v. De Smet inde ad portum Daphnes cognomento furi(Bonaventure), by J. Roulez ; Nieuw Neder- osae 40. A Daphne Byzantium 80. Haec landsch Biografisch Woordenboek X (Leyden etiam itineris summa est a Bosphoro Cim-

1937) 1143-1145, by van ter Horst. merio ad Bosphorum Thracium, et urbem Correspondance de Bonaventura Vulcanius Byzantium.

pendant son séjour d Cologne, Geneve et Manuscript: .

Bale (1573-1577) ed. H. de Vries de Heeke- Vat. Barb. gr. 196. Ft. 42-57 contain the lingen (The Hague 1923), esp. pp. 5-12; Periplus, interleaved with Turnebus’ Latin Alphonse Roersch, review of Correspondance, translation, much corrected by Lucas Holin Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire 4 stenius. See Diller, The Tradition. ++ DB. a7, (1925) 531-534 ; idem, “L’ Album Amicorum Z 58. S. De Ricci, in “Liste sommaire des

de Bonaventure Vulcanius” Revue du Sei- manuscrits grecs de la Bibliotheca Barberi-

ziéme Siécle 14 (1927) 61-76; Grypdonck, M., na’, Revue des Bibliothéques 17 (1907) 97.

“Een brief van Vulcanius aan Marnix van Editions : . :

St. Aldegonde in verband met Jacob v. 1600, Argentorati (Strassburg) : Lazarus Marnix,” Revue Belge de Philologie et Zetzner. In Adriani Turnebi regii quondam

d’Histoire 18 (1939) 492-98. Lutetiae professoris opera nunc primum ex bibl. Stephani Adriani }. Turnebi senatoris II. Periplus Ponti Euxini regii in unum collecta, emendata aucta et tributa in tomos III, vol. II, 146-149. BM,

Editio Princeps: 1533, Basileae (Basel) : BN, Diller, The Tradition. .., p. 49, Z 11.

Froben, ed. S. Gelenius. In Arriani et Biography: Hannonis Periplus, etc., pp. 1-16. See above vol. I, 150, and vol. II, 15.

17

GREEK AUTHORS

2. IOHANNES GUILELMUS STUCKIUS Brunet I, 497; Fab. BG V, 101. NUC, BM, BN.

The translation was probably completed 1683, Amstelodami (Amsterdam): Jansat Zurich shortly before its publication in sonius a Waesberge (Gr.-Lat., edited with 1577. It no doubt was influenced by the other minor works of Arrian by Nicolaus Italian translation of G. B. Ramusio, men- Blancardus, 113-137). NUC, BM, BN, Bru-

tioned in the dedicatory letter. Ramusio in net I, 496. Fab. BG V, 103, Diller, The the second volume of his Le navigationi et Tradition. .., p. 64, Z 92. viaggi, Venice 1559 (reprinted in 1574 and (*) 1698, Oxford: Sheldonian Theatre. 1983), ff. 137v-140r printed an_ Italian (Gr.-Lat., in Geographiae veteris scriptores transiation without commentary of Arrian’s Graeci minores, ed. J. Hudson). BM, BN, Periplus, under the title “La lettera che Diller, The Tradition. . ., p. 65, Z 96. mando Arriano all’ Imperadore Adriano 1750, Amsterdam and Leipzig: apud Ark-

nella qual racconta cid che si truova navi- steum et Merkum. (Reprint of 1683 edition).

gando d’intorno al Mar Maggiore.” BM, BN.

Dedicatory letter:...Ioanni a Schellem- (*) 1831, Paris : ex typographia regia (Gr.-

berg, filio illustrissimi viri Gebharti a Lat., in Geographi Graeci minores, III ed. Schellemberg, Domini in Randek Stauffen J. F. Gail, pp. 43-85.) Brunet II, 1538 ; BM; et Huffingen. ..[Jnc.]: Praeclarum atque BN, Diller, The Tradition. . ., p. 74, Z 158. eximium Dei donum, lIoannes Schellem- (*) 1842, Lipsiae (Leipzig) : C. L. Fritzsche. bergi vir ornatissime. . ./. . .Quam [scil. pere- (Gr.-Lat., in Arriani periplus Ponti Euzini,

grinationem Arriani] equidem D. Josia Sim- etc. ed. S. F. G. Hoffmann, pp. 35-99.) lero praeceptore, compatre atque collega NUC, BM, BN, Diller, The Tradition. . ., meo observando authore atque suasore, ut p. 77, Z 197. Latine. . .redderem, cum adhuc non nisi 1846, Paris: F. Didot. (Gr.-Lat., in Arria-

Italice, quod sciam, a doctissimo viro ni Anabasis et Indica, ed. Fr. Dibner,

Rhamnusio fuerit conversa, facile in ani- Reliqua Arriani, ed. C. Miiller, pp. 254-265.)

mum meum induxi.../...{Ezpl.J: Vale NUC., BM, BN, Diller, The Tradition. . .,

nobilissime ornatissimeque domine, ac pa- p. 81, Z 228.

rentibus tuis honorandis oro quaesoque 1855, Paris: F. Didot. (Gr.-Lat., in Geo-

honorificentissimam meo nomine salutem di- graphi Graeci minores, ed. CG. Miller, I, cas. Datae Tiguri. Cal. Martiis MDLXXVII 370-401.) BM, BN, Diller, The Tradition. . .,

{March 1, 1577]. p. 81, Z 231. Translation. [Inc.]: Trapezuntem perve- Biography:

nimus, urbem, ut Xenophon ille inquit, Johannes Guilelmus Stuckius (Johann WilGraecam, in mari sitam, Sinopensium colo- helm Stucki) was born on May 21, 1542 niam. Ac ipsum quidem mare Euxinum. . ./ at Toéss in Switzerland. He studied suc...[Exzpl.] A Daphne Byzantium usque, cessively at Zurich, Lausanne, Strasbourg,

octaginta. Atque haec sese offerunt in and Paris. He entered fully into the hu-

navigatione illa quae est a Bosporo Cimme- manistic life of Paris, besides becoming rio ad Bosporum Thracium ipsamque ur- involved in the religious controversies there,

bem Byzantium. serving as interpreter for Pietro Vermigli

Editions : (Peter Martyr) at the debate at Poissy 1577, Genevae (Geneva) : Eustathius Vig- (Sept. 1561). In 1564 he was at the Univer-

non (Index Aureliensis 109.038). (Gr.-Lat., sity of Tiibingen, in 1567-68 on a trip to

with comm., is part I, Periplus Maris Italy. On his return he became professor Erythraei forms part II.) NUC; BM; BN; (1568-71) at Zurich at the Collegium Caro-

Brunet I, 497; Fab. BG V, 101. Diller, linum founded by Zwingli. In 1571 he The Tradition. .., p. 49, Z 16. became professor of Old Testament theology

1577, Lugduni (Lyons): Bartholomaeus at Zurich, a post which he held until his Vincentius (identical with preceding, except death Sept. 3, 1607. In religious matters ,

for title page.) (Index Aureliensis 109,039) Stuckius was a Calvinist. 18

ARRIANUS

Among his works the most important Froben. ed. S. Gelenius. In Arriani ef are the Antiquifatum convivialium libri III Hannonis Periplus, etc. pp. 16-38. (Index Au(a discussion of customs and rites among the reliensis 109.024. The reference to an edition ancient Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, and other of 1523 in BN = 109.023 seems an error.)

nations, 1582), the Sacrorum sacrificiorum- Critical Edition: In A. Diller, The Tradique gentilium brevis et accurata descriptio tion of the Minor Greek Geographers (n.p.,

(1598), and his translations and commen- 1952) 118-138. With commentary and taries to the Periplus Ponti Euxini and analysis of the tradition, editions, and earlier Periplus Maris Erythraei. See also Jécher, studies. and Zedler, Universallexikon 40, 1183-84.

Bibl.: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 36 TRANSLATION

(Leipzig 1893) 717-720; Jécher 4 (Leipzig 1751) 904; Dictionnaire historique et bio- 1. IoOHANNES GUILELMUS STUCKIUS graphique de la Suisse 6 (Neuchatel 1932) 392.

The translation, together with the ac-

COMMENTARY companying commentary, probably was

completed at Zurich shortly before their a. IOHANNES GUILELMUS STUCKIUS publication in 1577. Giovanni Battista The commentary was probably completed Ramusio had published an Italian translawith the translation, shortly before their th on of the Pertp lus Maris Ery thraet in the

publication in 1577. first volume of his Le navigationt ef viaggi, Commentary. Io. Guilielmi Stuckii Scho- Venice ! 990 (second edition in 1994, | re

lia in Periplum Ponti Euxini. [Jne.]: Ar- printed in 1963, ete.), preceded by a Dr riani haec ad Adrianum Imperatorem epis- SCOTSO Sopra la p avigatione del Mar Rosso tola graeca brevis licet admodum sit atque fino all’ India orientale scritta per Arriano exigua, tamen historica plane est atque which served as commentary. Ramusio had

philosophica.../. . .[Ezpl.]: In eadem Daph- argued against the work's ascription to

ne reliquiae S. Martyris Babylae repositae Arrian. , ,

quibus Iulianus cum oraculi Apollinei_ si- Dedicatory fetter :. : ‘Domino Fieronymo lentium tribueret, eas inde amoveri iussit, Manueli Amplissimae Reipublicae Bernensis

unde illud incendium consecutum,. Quaestori. . .[Jne.}] Quum universa haec reEditions, Biogr., Bibl. See above under rum natura, atque machina, quae ob ad-

11.2. mirabilem suam potius quam explicabilem

The commentary appeared only in the spectems ordinem. - + -Horum autem tere

editions of 1577. omnium cum egregius sane testis sit maris Erythraei Periplus, Graece. ..ab Arriano... III. Dissertationes Epicteti ab Arriano conscriptus : facile in animum induxi meum,

digestae. See the article on Epic- ut illum abhine aliquot annis Rhamnusii. . .

tetus, to be published in a later versione atque annotatiunculis Italicis il-

volume. lustratum, in Latinum sermonem conver-

IV. Encheiridion Epicteti. See the ar- terem, scholiisque paulo uberioribus exticle on Epictetus, as above. plicarem. Graecum exemplar Basileae anno

V. Cynegeticus: no translations or MDXXXIII a Frobenio typis excusum, commentaries before 1600. quod mihi venerandus meus affinis D. D.

VI. Ars Tactica: no translations or Volffius ex Gesneri, quam possidet, uberri-

commentaries before 1600. ma bibliotheca depromptum communica-

VII. Acies contra Alanos: no trans- vit, multis in locis mancum est, et mutilum,

lations or commentaries before 1600. plurimisque mendis deformatum. Itaque ut Rhamnusio, quemadmodum ipsemet con-

SPURIOUS WoRK queritur, ita mihi quoque vel manuscripti

VIII. Periplus Maris Erythraei. vel emendatioris alicuius exemplaris, ex

Editio Princeps: 1533, Basileae (Basel) : quo et lacunas illas supplere et menda

19

GREEK AUTHORS

corrigere possem, facultas defuit. Nihil 1577, Genevae et Lugduni. part II. tamen praetermisi operae quo loca quae- 1683, Amstelodami. pp. 143-179.

dam corrupta pro ingenii mei tenuitate (*) 1698, Oxford. emendarem. Est enim (ut ille inquit) ali- 1855, Paris. I, 257-305. quid prodire tenus, si non datur ultra. ../... Biography : [Expl.} Vale. Deus Optimus Maximus te See above ITI.2. Reipublicae tuae cui natus es, nobisque

omnibus quam diutissime salvum incolu- COMMENTARY memque conservet. Datum Tiguri Calendis Martiis MDLXXVII (Zurich, March 1, 1577). a. IOHANNES GUILELMUS STUCKIUS

Translation. [Inc.}: Inter insignes, cele- The commentary was probably completed

bresque maris Erythraei portus et empo- with the translation, shortly before their ria primus est Aegypti portus voc douos, publication in 1577. It appears to use the id est muris portus appellatus.../...[Ezpl.]: commentary of Ramusio mentioned in Regiones autem, quae loca ista sequuntur, VIII.1 above. sive quod propter saevas tempestates, maxi- Commentary. [Inc.]: Arrtant. Inscriptio maque frigora, difficilimi sunt accessus, sive opusculi duo continet, subiectum et aucto-

etiam deorum quadam virtute atque poten- rem. Quoad subiectum illud dicitur peri-

tia, non potuerunt adhuc investigari. plus (de quo nomine in Ponto Euxino

Greek source: dictum est) hoc est, navigatio sive lustratio dedicatory letter. rum, quod alii pernegant, alii de eo dubiThe 1533 Basel edition, as stated in the maris Erythraei.../...{[Ezpl.] Malabath-

Editions: tant. Mihi quidem SBetrum Malabathri

Since the Periplus Maris Erythraeit has quaedam species videtur esse. always been printed with Arrian’s Peri- Editions, Biogr., Bibi.: See above VIII.1

plus Ponti Euxini, only short references and IT.2. are given. See the complete indications The commentary appeared only in the

under II.2. editions of 1577.

20

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES by GEORGE B. PARKS (Queens College, City University of New York)

Fortuna. 22 I. Composite Editions. 24 and

F. EDWARD CRANZ (Connecticut College)

II. Descriptio orbis terrae. 26 Translations.

1. Rufius Festus Avienus. 2. Priscianus Caesariensis.

3. Anonymus A s. XII. 4. Antonius Beccaria Veronensis. 5. Jacobus Ceporinus. 6. Simon Lemnius. 7. Abel Matthaeus. 8. Andreas Papius. 9. Henricus Stephanus. 10. Jacobus Guiionius. 11. Doubtful translations.

a. Anonymus B s. XII. b. Bernardus Bertrandus.

Commentaries. 51 a. Johannes Cuspinianus. b. Joannes Camers, c. Coelius Calcagninus. d. Petrus Mosellanus. e. Jacobus Ceporinus. f. Abel Matthaeus.

g. Andreas Papius. h. Henricus Stephanus. i. Doubtful commentary : Johannes Antonius Modestus. II. Ixeuticon seu de aucupio libri tres. See the article on Oppian, to whom the work was ascribed in the period before 1600.

III. Table of editions of the text, translations, and commentaries of Dionysius. 58 21

GREEK AUTHORS

FORTUNA OLA4OUMLEYNS.) The poem is a verse descrip-

tion, in 1187 hexameters, of the geography

Of Dionysius Periegetes (Dionysius Afer, of the world. Alexandrinus, Libycus, etc.) we know little The modern editor summarizes the conmore than that he was “Dionysius quidam,” tent of the poem: orbis terrarum descriptiono. 94 in the list of 167 persons of that name nem Dionysius ita instituit, ut, postquam de recorded in Pauly-Wissowa. Early specula- terrae forma deque Oceano ejusque sinubus tions concerning his time and place were quaedam praemiserat (1-172), primum Liby-

multiple. A twelfth-century author of a am (173-269), deinde Europam (270-449),

geographical compilation, Guido of Pisa, tum insulas maris interni et exteri (450-619), called him “Dionysius Ionicus qui Romae postremo loco Asiam (620-1152) explicabibliothecarius per annos XX fuit” (cited by ret. (Carolus Miillerus, ed. Geographi Graeci

Manitius, GLL, III, 619). It is now be- Minores, II, 1861, p. xxii). lieved that the poet was instead the son of In addition to the Periegesis, Dionysius

that Dionysius who was librarian and is now credited with a poem formerly secretary of the emperors from Nero to ascribed to Oppian, Jzxeuticon seu de au-

Trajan. cupio libri tres, a treatise on fowling, most

Conclusions about the date of Dionysius recently edited in the Greek by Antonius must be based largely on the Descriptio Garzya (Leipzig, Teubner, 1963). Dionysius orbis terrae. The latest public events men- has also been thought the author of an epic tioned in the poem are thought to be the of Bacchus, the Bassarika, of which only campaigns of the emperor Trajan (line 1051) fragments survive; but neither Pauly nor against the Parthians in the last years of his the von Christ revisers admit the ascription.

reign (A.D. 113-117), and it is inferred that W. Schmid and O. Staehlin, in their Dionysius wrote during the next reign, that revision of W. Christ, thus summarize the

of Hadrian. A reference (line 250) to the influence of the Descriptio. “Wie die

statue of Memnon at Thebes which sounded a Phainomena des Aratos fiir die Astronomie,

greeting to the dawn is thought to relate to so ist diese Periegesis auf Jahrhunderte Hadrian’s visit to Thebes in the year 130. fiir Geographie das MHauptlehrbuch im Great weight is assigned to the discovery Schulunterricht geworden” (op. cit., 677). by Gustav Leue in 1882 of two acrostics This statement is a way of saying that the

in the poem (Philologus, 42, 1882, 175-178, work has had a nearly continuous history with a sequel in Hermes, 60, 1925, 367-368). until the present time. It was paraphrased The first acrostic (lines 109-137) identifies in Latin verse by the pro-consul Avienus the poet as Dionysius of Alexandria. The about the year 360, and again by Priscian second (lines 513-532) reads “Hermes the the grammarian in Constantinople about the god in the time of Hadrian” ; it is interpreted year 520. A body of scholia was already in

as an allusion to a Cabiri cult involving being in the fifth century. The work was

Hermes in the island of Samothrace, and toa noted by Cassiodorus (Institutiones, 25) in visit of Hadrian to that island in the year the sixth century. It influenced, in Priscian’s 123 (Ulrich Bernays, Studien zu Dionysius version, the Book of Measurements of the Periegetes, Heidelberg diss., 1905, pp. 5-17). Irish geographer Dicuil in the ninth century

It is thence inferred that the poem was in (C. R. Beazley, The Dawn of Modern Geo-

process in A.D. 124, and this date is accepted graphy, Vol. I, 1897, pp. 317-25).

by the editors of Wilhelm von Christ (1924 The most striking evidence of the poem’s ed., Part IT, 2d Half, p. 677). All but the importance in the Byzantine world was the Bernays material is described in the Pauly- extensive commentary written about 1175 Wissowa article (“Dionysius 94,” vol. V A.D. by Eustathius, known as Thessaloni-

1905 916-917). censis because of his appointment in that

The only work of Dionysius available to year to be Archbishop of the Diocese. His the medieval and Renaissance periods was YITIOMNHMATA quote brief passages of the Descriptio orbis terrae (megunynots tis three to fourteen lines each of the poem of 22

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

Dionysius, following each with a lengthy half of the fourth century, and the second prose statement and thus commenting se- by Priscian in the sixth century. A third riatim on the whole work. His text oc- translation contained in an interlinear text cupies some 250 octavo pages in the latest in the earliest Greek manuscript of the critical edition, that of Gottfried Bern- Descriptio is ascribed to the twelfth century. hardy (1828). Twenty-six mss. were listed The editio princeps of the Greek text was by the latest editor of Eustathius, Carolus published at Ferrara in 1512, and sixteen Miillerus (1861). It should be added that further editions of the Greek by six inEustathius was also the author of an im- dividual scholars were published by 1600. mense commentary on the epics of Homer, The Eustathius commentary was edited in as well as of a commentary on the odes of Greek in 1547, and by another scholar in Pindar. He was also an historian, and an 1577, and two Latin versions were published

extensive writer on religious doctrine. in 1556. The Greek editions of Dionysius Eustathius wrote in Greek, and our continued during the seventeenth and far rules require us to consider here only Latin into the eighteenth century. works. We may therefore merely outline Meanwhile the Latin Dionysius remained the fortunes of his book. It was known to consistently popular. The Avienus translaand mentioned by scholars (Camers, Cepo- tion was first printed in 1488, and the rinus) early in the sixteenth century, and it Priscian paraphrase in 1470; both, and was published in the Greek in its ed. prince. particularly the Priscian version, were in 1547 by the distinguished scholar Rober- frequently reprinted. In addition the fif-

tus Stephanus. It is significant that the teenth and sixteenth centuries saw the text was at once translated into Latin publication of six new Latin translations

separately by two young French scholars, and of eight commentaries. The RenaisBernard Bertrand and Abel Mathieu (1556). sance view of the poem may be gathered The younger Stephanus, Henricus, brought from Gesner’s eulogy, quoted from the out a re-edition of Eustathius in 1577, and translator Johannes Ceporinus (Konrad Geswith it, as listed above, a new translation of ner, Bibliotheca universalis (Tiguri, 1545 I, the embedded Dionysius poem. This combi- fol. 209'-Y ; on Ceporinus see II,5 below): nation of the Eustathius commentary in Etenim quis non miretur Dionysium Aph-

Greek with the Stephanus edition and rum adeo mirando vereque Aphro ingenio, translation of the poem became, as we shall tam modicis metris, tam immodicos mari-

see, the standard content of the later um fluminumque tractus, tot montium reseventeenth and eighteenth century editions gionumque oras, tot insuper variarum gen-

of the classic. The two nineteenth century tium urbes, studia ac mores, singula recinclusive editions of the Dionysius corpus, tissimo ordine, citra omne fastidium, adeo those of Bernhardy (1828) and of Miillerus vafre solerterque emensum, ut dubitandum (1861), add to the Eustathius the Greek sit, num alius minime numeris astrictus, Scholia collected before Eustathius and the soluta oratione potuerit haec omnia eadem Greek paraphrase of Dionysius by Nicholas brevitate perstringere. Blemmydes in the thirteenth century ; both Throughout the period the poem remained editors replaced the Stephanus translations a standard text-book, especially in England. of Dionysius by their own, and Miillerus Milton assigned it to his pupils, and Oxford

added his own translation of Eustathius. required its reading as late as the early

This history is recorded in order to note nineteenth century. It should be noted that the special importance of Eustathius, whose Dionysius was often up-dated in these late mere volume may have discouraged Renais- school editions and that the Greek was

Sance commentators. These produced noth- rewritten to keep it abreast of modern

ing so extensive, at any rate. geographical knowledge. In the frequently

In the Latin West, there were two im- reprinted eighteenth-century edition of E. portant early translations, or rather para- Wells, for example, the Greek text is unphrases, the first by Avienus, in the second altered only through line 4. In line 14 we 23

GREEK AUTHORS

read of ‘Ayegtx7) which is treated more mannia, 1828). Bernhardy does not include fully in lines 1005-64 and 1306-1342. And a Latin translation of Eustathius ; however,

in line 966, the student learned about he offers extensive notes on Dionysius and

ITnxivoc, the capital of the é0vea Bdefaoa on all the Greek texts of the corpus.

onowy (cited from the sixth edition, Londini, a .

1761). II, Dionysius and his work. Finally, the Descriptio was also available For general evaluations, see Georg Knaack

in the sixteenth century in vernacular in Pauly-Wissowa V (1905) 915-24 ; Wilhelm translations. An English prose version by von Christ, Geschichte der griechischen LitThomas Twine was published in London, eratur, revised by W. Schmid and O. Stah1572, and a French version in verse by lin) Part II,2 (1924) 677-78. Among special Benigne Saumaize was published in 1597 at studies may be mentioned Alfred Géthe, Paris, with lengthy annotations, also in De fontibus Dionysii Periegetae (1875) ; MaxFrench. An Italian prose version entitled imilian Schneider, De Dionysii Periegetae Guida per lo Mondo was made by Francesco arte metrica et grammatica (1882); Eugen Vincenzo Negri (1769-1827) and published Anhut, In Dionysium Periegetam: Quaesin Venice in 1838. A second French prose tiones criticae (1888); Ulrich Bernays, Stuversion was made by E. Despois and Ed. dien zu Dionysius Periegetes (1905). Saviot, and published in 1843 in the Bib-

liothéque Latine-Frangaise, Ser. II, vol. VII. I. ComposiTE EDITIONS.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. Publications containing more than one gs , translation or commentary. I. Editions and manuscripts. 1512, Ferrariae (Ferrara) : Iohannes MacioThe modern edition of the Dionysius chus Bondenus. Gr.-Lat. ed. Iohannes corpus is that of Carolus Miilerus in Vol. Maciochus. The editio princeps of the Greek, II of his Geographi Graeci Minores (Paris, with the Latin translation of Priscian (Rhem-

Didot, 1861; reprinted, ibid. 1882); this nius grammaticus), and with the commencontains the editor’s prolegomenon on the tary of Coelius Calcagninus. Fabricius BG Dionysius poem (pp. xv-xl); the Greek text IV, 596, 598 ; Panzer VII 4,9 and IX 14,783; with a parallel Latin prose version (pp. 103- Adams D-643; Proctor 13307. Roma, Bibl. 176); Avienus’ Latin version (pp. 177-189) naz.; BM; BN; (MH; NN).

and that of Priscian (pp. 190-199); the 1512, Viennae (Vienna) : in aedibus Hierocommentary of Eustathius on the poem, nymi Vietoris et Joannis Singrenii. The De Greek with a Latin prose version (pp. 201- situ. orbis of Priscian, here published as 407); the anonymous Greek prose para- either by Priscian or by Fannius Rhennius phrase of the poem (pp. 409-425); the (see below p. 31), and the commentary of Greek Scholia (pp. 427-457) ; the Greek prose Johannes Camers. Panzer VI 327,65; Proc-

paraphrase of the poem by Nikephoros tor 14431; Fabricius BG IV,596 (reporting Blemmydes given the title of “Geographia the notes as by Joachim Camerarius, who Synoptica” (pp. 458-468). Miuillerus reported was born only in 1501); NUC. Bib. Vat. ;

knowledge of some one hundred mss, of BM; BN; (DCF; MH; NN). Dionysius (including Eustathius); he used (*) 1518, Lipsiae (Leipzig): Vuolfgangus the readings of 56 mss. for the Dionysius, of Monacensis. As Priscianus Caesariensis vel 26 mss. for the Eustathius. A few additional (uf aliis placet) Rhemnii Fannii interpretaGreek mss. were listed by N. A. Livadaras tio, ex Dionysio de orbis situ, with preface

in Charis Kk. I. Vourvaris aphieroma (Athe- and notes by Petrus Mosellanus (Peter

nai, 1964, pp. 321-325). Schade). Information on this edition is

Another important modern edition of the contained in Guil. Ferd. Wensch, De PrisDionysius corpus is that by Godofredus ciano P. Mosellani. Programm des GymnasBernhardy, Dionysius Periegetes Graece et iums zu Wittenberg (Wittenberg, 1847) pp. Latine (2 vols. in 1, Lipsiae, Libraria Weid- 1-10. [copy in BM and (NNC)]. Wensch 24

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

had a copy of this edition ; Fabricius, who 1585, Basileae (Basel): Sebastianus Hen-

mentions it BG IV, 596, had not seen a ricpetri. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Priscian copy, nor Hoffmann I, 595, nor Schweiger and Ceporinus. With Proclus, De sphaera

II, 2 827. Through the kindness of Dr. ete. NUC. BM; (NN).

Heinz Gittig of the Deutsche Staatsbiblio- (*) 1590, Parisiis (Paris): apud Nicolaum

thek we are informed that before World Gillium. The colophon reads: Dionysius War II a copy existed in Greifswald, but Duvallius, 1589. Translations of Avienus we have not yet been able to determine if and Priscian, included. In Epigrammata et

it is still in existence. poematia vetera, ed. Petrus Pithoeus. Fa1522, Basileae (Basel): Valentinus Curio. bricius BG IV, 594; Adams E-237; NUC.

Gr.-Lat. Translation of Priscian, as by BM; BN; (CtY; DFo; ICN; MH). There Rhemnius, with commentary of Caelius is also another issue with a new titlepage: Calcagninus. Panzer VI 235, 456; Adams 1590, Parisiis (Paris): excudebat Dionysius D-644 ; NUC. Rome, Bibl. naz. ; Cambridge ; Duvallius (1589). Adams E-238 ; NUC. BM ;

(CtY ; NNC). BN ; (DFo; MWiW-C).

1523, Basileae (Basel): Apud Joannem (*) 1596, Lugduni (Lyons) : Antonius CanBebelium, with Ceporinus’ translation and didus. Translations of Avienus and Priscommentary (together with Greek-Latin edi- cian, included in Epigrammata et poematia tions of Aratus and of Proclus’ De Sphaera). vetera. Fabricius BG IV, 594; Adams EFabricius IV 598 (wrongly ascribing the 239. BM ;s BN.

Dionysius translation to Priscian) ; Adams (*) 1599, Lugduni (Lyons). Translations D-645. Bibl. Vat; Marciana; BN; BM; of Avienus and Priscian, included in Epi-

Cambridge ; (MH; NN; NNC). grammata et poematia vetera. Listed in

1534, Basileae (Basel): Thomas Vuolfius, Giles’ Avienus edition of 1848 and in Holsame content. Fabricius [V 598 (again sup- der’s edition of 1887. BN. posing Priscian the translator); Adams D- (*) 1619, Geneva. Translations of Avienus

646; NUC. Bibl. Vat.; BNRoma; BN; and Priscian, included in Epigrammata et

Cambridge ; (DLC ; MH). poematia vetera. Listed in the 1809 edition

1547, Basileae (Basel): per Henricum Pe- of Pomponius Mela and in Holder’s 1887

tri. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Priscian and edition of Avienus. Ceporinus with the latter’s notes. With (reported) 1620, Mussiponti (Pont-a-MousProclus, De sphaera etc. and adding Cleo- son) : apud Christophorum Mercatorem. Gr.medes, De mundo. (I am indebted to Miss Lat. Translation which combines and modiV. L. Ledger, F.S.A., for information about fies lines of Ceporinus and Stephanus in the addition of Priscian to this edition). alternation. BN. (I am indebted to Professor

Bologna; BM; BN; (DLC; MBH). Ruth Temple for information about this 1553, Antverpiae (Antwerp) : Ioannes Lo- volume).

éius. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Priscian and (*) 1632, Duaci (Douai). Translations of Ceporinus. With Proclus, De sphaera etc. Avienus and Priscian, included in Epigram-

(Again I am indebted to Miss Ledger for mata ef poematia vetera. Listed in the information on the edition). BM. Pomponius Mela edition of 1809. 1561, Basileae (Basel): per Henricum 1676, Salmuri (Saumur) apud Joannem Petri. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Priscian Ribotthaeum, cura Tanaquilli Fabri. Gr.-

and Ceporinus. With Proclus, De sphaera Lat. Translations of Papius and Stephanus, etc. NUC. BM; BN; (DFo; DLC; NN). and the notes of Stephanus, Ceporinus and 1575, Antverpiae (Antwerp): Christopho- Papius. Fabricius BG IV, 600. BN; (NN).

rus Plantinus. Gr.-Lat. Translations of 1697, Oxoniae (Oxford): e theatro ShelPriscian and Papius; commentary of Pa- doniano, apud S{amuel] Smith et Bjienjapius. Dionysius is followed by the Gr.-Lat. min] Walford. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Musaeus texts. Fabricius BG IV, 598; Priscian and Stephanus: commentary of Ruelens 163; Degeorge 171; NUC; Adams Papius. With Eustathius. Wing D-1523 D-647. Bibl. Vat.; BM; BN; (CtY ; MH). BM ; BN; (Cty). 29 4

GREEK AUTHORS

1712, Oxoniae (Oxford): e theatro Shel- However an approximate date may be doniano. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Avie- assigned, since a later translation by Avienus, Priscian, and Stephanus. As part of nus, of the anonymous Ora maritima, was Vol. IV of Geographiae veteris scriptores dedicated to a Probus now identified as Graeci minores. Fabricius BG IV, 595. BM. Petronius Probus (330-90 A.D.) Hence a 1717, Oxoniae (Oxford): e theatro Shel- date of approximately 360 is indicated for doniano. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Avie- the translation of the Ora maritima and of

nus, Priscian, and Stephanus. With Eu- about 350 for the Descriptio. See John

stathius. NUC. BM; (CtY; ICN; ICU; Matthews, “Continuity in a Roman Family :

MdBJ). the Rufii Festi of Volsinii,’” Historia XVI (*) 1766, Pisauri (Pesaro) : Amatina chalco- (1967) 485-509.

graphia. Translations of Avienus and Pris- Descriptio orbis terrae (ed. of Bruges, 1961) cian, in Collectio Pisaurensis omnium poe- [Zne.] Qua protenta iacent vastae divor-

tarum Latinorum, Vol. IV. Fabricius BG tia terrae IV, 595 ; NUC. BM; (DLC). Et qua praecipiti volvuntur prona 1788, Helmstadii (Helmstedt) : C. G. Fleck- meatu

eisen. Avienus and Priscian. In: Poetae Flumina per terras, qua priscis in-

Latini minores, ed. J. C. Wernsdorff, Vol. V. clita muris Fabricius BG IV,595 ; NUC. (MdBP ; NNC). Oppida nituntur, genus hoc procul

1809, Argentorati (Strasbourg): Societas omne animantum. Bipontina. Translations of Avienus and weafeee Priscian. In Pomponius Mela, De situ orbis. [Expl] Semper inexpertes famae, per inNUC. BM ; (NNC; PU). hospita degunt 1825, Parisiis (Paris) : Didot. Translations Arva procul, nuillis sunt dignae

of Avienus and Priscian. In Pomponius Mela denique Musis. maire, vol. 138). NUC. BM; (MH; NNC). turba, Camoenae, (Bibliotheca Classica Latina, ed. N. E. Le- At tu, Phoebe pater, vos clari

1828, Lipsiae (Leipzig) : In Libraria Weid- Nominis Aonio famam inspirate mannia. Gr.-Lat. Translations of Avie- labori.

nus, Priscian, and Bernhardy. With Eu- Manuscripts:

stathius. NUC. BM; (NNC). (*) Milan, Ambrosianus, D 52 inf., 75 ff.

1861, Paris ; Didot. Gr.-Lat. Translations (Italian, later 15th c.), olim Bonini Mombriof Avienus, Priscian, and C. Muellerus. In tii. (Amelli, XXI, 1910, 40; ef. Kristeller, Geographi Graeci minores, I, ed. C. Muellerus. Iter I 282). Discovered by the scholar For the full contents of the Dionysius corpus Heinsius in the seventeenth century. The in this edition, see above under Bibliography. contents are listed in Holder’s edition of 1882, Paris, Didot. Gr.-Lat. Translations Avienus (1887) as Avienus’ verse translaof Avienus, Priscianus, and C. Muellerus. A tions of Aratus (Phaenomena, including

reprint of the 1861 edition. the later separated Prognostica) ; of Diony-

. sius (Descriptio) ; and of the unknown author

II. Descriptio orbis terrae of the Ora Maritima (the Ms. includes only TRANSLATIONS lines 52-163 of Avienus’ translation, out of the 710 extant). In addition to these poems

1. Rurius Festus AVIENUS. of Avienus, the Ms. contains the translations of the Phaenomena by Germanicus and Rufius Festus Avienus toward the middle (partial) by Cicero. The Descriptio orbis is

of the fourth century turned the Greek found on ff. 31V to 34°, Periegesis into a Latin poem, Descriptio Paul van de Woestijne published the

orbis terrae, in 1393 hexameters ; the work is manuscript in 1961 (see below under Edi-

rather a paraphrase than a strict transla- tions) ; he pointed out the close connection | tion. We have no direct evidence for the between this manuscript and the editio place or circumstances of the translation. princeps. In an earlier article (“L’Ambrosia26

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

nus de la Descriptio terrae d’Avienus,” for the prose translations of Aratus by Antiquité Classique XXVII, 1958, 375-82) Germanicus and Cicero). It covered astronVan de Woestijne argued that the manuscript omy and meteorology, geography, and is descended from one of the ninth or tenth medicine. The preface of the volume,

century. He suggested that the scribe’s written by Victor Pisanus to his relative variants from other contemporary texts the Senator Paulus Pisanus, reports that a

should be viewed with caution. printer called on the scholar Georgio Valla (*) Non-extant : the Avienus Ms. whichthe when Victor was taking a lesson with him,

. ;Giorgio and asked for a to book to print which would scholar gave the printer for ; , ss , ; be Valla popular and profitable. Valla proposed

the ed. princ. Van de Woestijne believed thisthat A is, .his. ; ratus, and promised copy,

text to be close to that of the Ambrosian manuscript which contained the other works

Ms. and of equal antiquity with it. of Avienus; presumably he added another

(*) Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversi- Ms., that containing Serenus. Victor was

teit, Ms. Burmannianus 4° 13, ff. 118" enthusiastic about the Aratus, as he wrote 123°: a copy of Avieni Descriptio orbis at length, but said nothing of the Descriptio

and Ora maritima, coll. cum Cod. A. Ortelii, orbis. His long preface and his short postcum huius et Scriverii notis (Jacobus Geel, script are reprinted in the Holder edition of Catalogus Librorum Manuscriptorum, Leiden Avienus (1887).

1852, no. 596, p. 177). The poem in this 1488 text was included

This was called by Holder (Avieni Car- among those used by Paul van de Woestijne mina, 1887) the Ortelianus Ms., and thought in his critical edition, De vroegste uitgeven by him to be a copy of an early Ms. Follow- van Avienus’ Descriptio terrae 1488-1515,

ing the lead of P. Winterfeld (1900) and A. published in the Verhandelingen van de Breysig (1901), Van de Woestijne demon- Konink. Vlaamse Academie van Belgie, strated (Revue belge de philologie et d’his- Klasse der Letteren, nr. 33 (Brussel, 1959, toire, XX XV, 1957, 52-53) that the Ms. was a 63 pp., 4 plates). The other texts used were

text prepared for publication in Antwerp those of the Ambrosian Ms. and of the about 1585, but not published, by Andreas Avienus editions of 1508, 1513, and 1515;

Schottus, Abraham Ortelius, and Peter also used were the textual notes of Aldus Scriverius ; the text was in fact that of the Manutius in 1502 (Ms. Vat. Lat. 4103, ff. ed. prin., with notes by the three scholars. 11-12); of Joannes Cuspinianus in the The Ms. has thus no independent authority. 1508 edition and in Ms. Vindobonensis

Editions: 3327, ff. 1-3; and of Joachim Vadianus

1488, Venetiis: Antonius de Strata Cre- in the 1515 edition. Van de Woestijne’s monensis, in Hic codex avienii continet aim was to discard the readings of the OrEpigramma eiusdem{[,] arati phaenomena telianus Ms. which Holder had used in his [,] geographiam carmine heroico : et oras mari- Avieni Carmina (1887), and to demonstrate timas trimetro iambico: Germanici quoque: the notable improvement of the text because

ef Marci Tulii arati fragmenta: et Sereni of the work of the scholars in the first versus de variis curandis morbis. 119 ff. quarter-century after the ed. princ. It H 2223-HC 2224; GW 3131; BMC V will be noted below that after 1515 the 294; Pell. 1673; Polain 445; Oates 1832; Avienus text was not reedited until 1590, Goff A 1432. GW lists 47 copies. BM ; (MH). when its editor reverted to the ed. princ., These works of Avienus are those con- ignoring the improvements. It is interesting tained in the Ambrosian Ms., adding the that neither Gesner in 1545 nor Stephanus in

Epigramma, a verse letter to Flavianus 1577 had ever seen the Avienus. Gesner inMyrmeicus, and increasing the length of deed called him Abienus, and understood Ora maritima to 713 lines ; adding also the that he had written on comets, and had verse Medicinae liber of Quintus Serenus rewritten Vergil and Livy in iambics (Bib(3d c. A.D.). The book was then a collec- liotheca universalis, Appendix Primi Tomi, tion of scientific treatises in verse (except p. 16). 27

GREEK AUTHORS

To demonstrate the closeness of the had worked on a commentary on Avienus, Ambrosian Ms. to the ed. princ., Van de but since obstacles had delayed its compleWoestijne went on to edit the two texts in tion, he now published the text itself. For La Descriptio orbis terrae d’Avienus, Rijks- the commentary, see below p. 58.

universiteit te Gent, Werken Uitgegeven (micro.) 1515, Viennae: Joannes Singre-

door de Faculteit van de Letteren en Wijs- nius, ed. Joachim Vadianus Helvetius (von begeerte, 128° Aflevering (Brugge, “De Tem- Watt) as Ambitus orbis.

pel,” 1961, 141 pp.). Fabricius IV 594; Panzer IX.28.131. (DLC;

(photo) 1508, Viennae: Johann Winter- MH). berg, ed. Joannes Cuspinianus as Silus The title-page is most assertive. The text orbis Dionisii Ruffo Avieno interprete. is castigatissime impressus; the _ editor, Fabricius IV 594; Panzer IX.3.10; Proctor pellegente et conferente proba exemplaria,

14405. BM. pleraque loca, que antehac viciossime imA photostat of the BM copy was published pressa erant, in communem studiosorum

by the Massachusetts Historical Society utilitatem restituit; the printer diligenter in its Americana series (no. 106, 1924). impressit. Now even the mediocriter eruditi In his dedication to Stanislas, Bishop of can profit by the edition. The colophon notes

Olmiitz, Cuspinianus writes that he had that Vadianus tandem nevos et verrucas

wished to bring out a correct text of Diony- pro virili sustulit. sius Punicus (or of Byzantium or of Co- These remarks could only have been taken rinth) as paraphrased with Aratus’ Phae- as insulting by Cuspinianus, the editor of nomena by Ruffus Festus Avienus. Aldus the latest Avienus, a colleague of Vadianus Manutius gave him a venerable Greek Ms. ; at the University of Vienna. Indeed the Cuspinianus made use of Priscian (or Rhem- Jatter’s apparent odium scholasticum may

nius Fannius) [which he had edited in cast some light on the motivation of the

1494] and of Beccaria’s prose translation. Vienna humanists in their important studies Though Eustathius had done a commentary of the Roman historians and geographers. on the Greek text, Cuspinianus has made a For our special concern, we may note that

commentariolum which he will send to the after this disparagement of Cuspinian, bishop. (For the commentariolum of Cus- Vadianus went on to depreciate in 1518 the

pinianus, see below p. 51). notes of another colleague Camers on the

The readings of this edition were used geography of Pomponius Mela (1512), and by Van de Woestijne in his 1959 critical again in 1522 the same scholar’s notes on edition of De vroegste Uiigeven (see the note the geography of Solinus. To be fair, we on the 1488 edition, above). He noted that must note that Camers had himself, in

this 1508 edition contained 612 variants from editing Priscian’s version of Dionysius in

the 1488 text, of which 300 may be found 1512, remarked that in previous editions in the Ambrosianus Ms.: the rest should he had found the text insigniter depravatherefore have been Cuspinianus’ own (“Cus- tum: when the only previous edition of pinianus et le texte d’Avienus,” in Revue Priscian to be published in Vienna had been belge de philologie et d’histoire 37, 1959, 52- edited by Cuspinianus (1494-5).

68). Breysig had commented (Rheinisches Whatever the influence of these personalMuseum, 55, 1900, 569) that Cuspinianus ities on the advancement of learning, it is a

made the Avienus text “erst lesbar.” fact that Vadianus did edit the valuable

1513, Bononiae : per Benedictum Hectoris, critical and annotated edition of Mela, and

ed. Jo. Antonius Modestus as Situs orbis. it is arguable that he was one of the most

Not in Fabricius; Panzer VI.327.65, important scholars of the Vienna school.

noting copies in P. Nor. and apud Panzer ; Whether his Avienus, which was neither

Bologna, Archiginnasio. critical nor annotated, was important is The editor dedicated the book to the not explicitly decided by Van de Woes-

Bishop of Pola [Altobellus Averoldus], who tijne. His praise of the Cuspinianus edition

was papal Governor of Bologna. Modestus of 1508 depreciates, however, at least 28

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

implicitly that of Vadianus. Moreover, the 1843, Paris: C. F. L. Pancoucke. Latinnumber of his readings which Van de French. In Bibliothéque Latine-Frangcaise,

Woestijne rejects seems to be large, and sér. II, v. VII. NUC. BM; BN; (CU,

the Vadianus edition must therefore have MDBP ; MH; NNC). seemed to Van de Woestijne the less valuable. 1848, Londini (London): Nutt. In AvieWe have noted that no further editions of ni carmina quae extant omnia ed. J. A. Giles.

Avienus were published until 1590. at pp. 20-55. NUC. BM ; (MH). 1590. See I, above. In the 1809 edition 1861. See I, above.

of Pomponius Mela. (see I, above) it is 1882. See I, above. .

noted that the text of the Descriptio here 1887, Ad Aeni Pontem (Innsbruck) : Wagfollows the editio princeps and ignores the ner, in Rufi Festi Avieni Carmina, ed. Alemendations found in other later editions. fred Holder. BN ; BM; (NN; NNC).

1596. See I, above. A critical edition with a complete listing

1608, Antverpiae (Antwerp) : apud Joach. of mss. and of editions, the Descriptio orbis Trognaesium. In Poemafa quaedam vetera, at pp. 83-143. Reprinted facs. 1965, Hildes-

at pp. 160-206. Fabricius, BG IV, 494; heim : Olms. (NNC). NUC. BM (under Dares Phrygius) ; (DCU ; 1959, Bruxelles: Palais des Académies,

NIC; OCU; WU). critical edition by Paul van de Woestijne 1619. See I, above. entitled De vroegste Uitgeven van Avienus’ 1632. See I, above. Descriptio terrae 1488-1514.

1634, Madridi (Madrid) ; ex officina Fran- Including the readings of the Ambrosian cisci Martinez. In Avieni opera quae extant, Ms., and of the editions of 1488, 1508, 1513,

ed. Petrus Melian. The dedication indicates 1515: published as Handelingen van de that the text of the Descriptio is derived Konink. Vlaamse Academie van Belgie, from the Petrus Pithoeus edition of 1590. Klasse der Letteren, nr. 33. Fabricius BG IV, 594; NUC. Bibl. Vat. ; 1961, Brugge: De Tempel (Rijksuniversi-

BM; BN; (DLC). teit te Gent, Werken Uitgeven door de 1710. See I, above. Faculteit van den Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, 1712. See I, above. 128¢ Aflevering). La Descriptio orbis terrae

1715, Londini (London): J. Nicholson. d’Avienus, ed. Paul van de Woestijne. An In Opera et fragmenta veterum poetarum edition of the text as found in the Ambrosian Latinorum at II, 1325-33; Fabricius BG manuscript and in the 1488 edifio princeps.

IV, 595; NUC. BM; (CtY; ICN; ICU). Doubtful editions:

1717. See I, above. 1502, Venetiis. De orbis terrae partibus.

(*) 1721, Londini (London): apud Isaa- This edition is listed in the Index of

cum Vaillant. In Corpus omnium poetarum the Barberini Library (Rome, 1681, II 92), Latinorum at II, 1325-33. BM; (CtY). I and noted by Fabricius (IV 595, with erroam indebted to Sandy Whiteley of the Yale neus reference to the Index I 92). The Vati-

University Library for information. can Library kindly informs me that the

1766. See I, above. edition was not listed in the Library cata-

1786, Amstelodami (Amsterdam): Peter logue (19th century, manuscript) compiled

den Hengst. Ed. H. Friesemann. Fabricius by Pieralisi, and is not there now. It is

BG IV, 595; NUC. BM; BN; (CU; MH). also not listed in the Marciana in Venice or

1788. See I, above. in the Archiginnasio in Bologna. Breysig 1809. See I, above. was unable to locate the edition (Rhet-

1817, Francofurti (Frankfurt) : in Libraria nisches Museum, 55, 1900, 565). The Centro

Hermannia. Gr.-Lat. With Aratus, Phae- Nazionale per il Catalogo Unico delle

nomena, etc. ed. F. C. Mathiae. Bibl. Mar- Biblioteche Italiane kindly informs me that

cilana ; BM; (CtY ; MH). | it will not be listed in the next volume 1825. See I, above. (VII) of the Catalogo Collettivo under Avie-

1828, See I, above, nus.

29

GREEK AUTHORS

1632, Antverpiae. Descriptio orbis terrae, short verses are printed by Holder as doubtet Orae maritimae, & Aesopicarum Fabula- ful ; Schanz notes two lost verse expansions

rum liber. of Vergilian lines, and one lost verse comThis is also listed in the Barberini ment on the Roman past as described by

Index (II 92). It may result from confusion Livy (Schanz, 1959 edition, Teil IV, v. I, with the Madrid, 1634, item listed above. p. 16). The Ilias Latina has been at times

Biography : ascribed to Avienus, even as late as the 1848

Rufius Festus Avienus (4th c. A.D.), as he edition of his Carmina. has hitherto been called, identified himself Bibl. : F. Marx, “Avienus,” in Pauly-Wissoin his epitaph as of a family originally of wa, IT, (1896) 2386-2391 ; Martin Schanz, Volsinii (Bolsena) in Italy, though actually Geschichte der Rémischen Literatur (1914: Romam habitans, gemino proconsulis auc- 1959 reprint), Teil IV, vol. 1, pp. 14-21;

to honore, Carmina multa_ serens... W. S. Teuffel, Geschichte der Rémischen

(C. I. L. VI 537 = I. L. S. 2944). A second Literatur (5th ed., 1890), Band II, par. 420

inscription identifies him as (pp. 1059-1062).

R. Fest. Avieni/bis proconsulis/et celebris Alfred Breysig, “Zu Avienus,” Rheinisches

poetae/insignis memoria. (Ibid.) Museum LV (1900) 565-73 ; LVI (1901) 563He was proconsul of Achaia and of Africa, 65 ; Nikolaus Daigl, Avienus. Studien iiber and his name was in fact Postumius Rufius setne Sprache, seine Metrik, und sein Ver-

Festus [qui et] Avienius: the last name hdltnis zu Vergil (Erlangen, 1903); Engelbeing a sobriquet, and Festus the family bert Kosten, De Avieno Dionysii Interprete name: cf. Alan Cameron, Classical Quarter- (Bonn, 1888); Heinrich Kuehne, De arte

ly, 17 (1967), 392. grammatica Rufi Festi Avieni (Essen, 1905) ;

His dates are uncertain. The dedication R. Langie, Avienus’ bewirking van Dionyof the Ora maritima to [Petronius}] Probus situs’ Periegesis (thése de licence, Université (330-390) suggests a date for the poem as c. de Gand, 1946); Ernst Reuter, De Avieni A.D. 360, the Orbis ferrae being then some- hexametrorum re metrica (Bonn, 1909);

what earlier. These data are brought to- Paul van de Woestijne, “Notes critiques

gether by John Matthews, “Continuity in a sur la Descriptio orbis terrae d’Avienus,” Roman Family : the Rufii Festi of Volsinii,” Antiquité Classique, 23, (1954), 29-46; (Historia, 16, 1967, 485-509). He would (Though these are textual notes, the author date the family back to the 2nd century and added his view of the poem [p. 46] : that Avie-

on to the 5th century. nus misunderstood Dionysius, and ‘“n’en-

Works: As numbered by Alfred Holder tendait qu’imparfaitement le grec,” and was (Avieni Carmina, 1887, reprinted 1965): I. a“piétre géographe.” It would help an editor

verse letter to Flavianus Myrmeicus (31 to keep firmly in mind the Vergilian style lines), asking for medicinal fruit; II. verse of Avienus. — The author repeated these obparaphrase of the Phainomena of Aratus of servations in his edition of 1961, v. supra) ; — Cilicia (315-245 B.C.), now seen to be two “L’apographum Ortelianum de la Descriptio poems, (1878 lines) the Phainomena and the orbis terrae d’Aviénus,” Revue Belge de PhiloPrognostica; III. Descriptio orbis ferrae, logie et d’ Histoire, 33 (1955) 74-87 ; and again verse paraphrase of the Periegesis of Diony- “Encore l’apographun, etc.,” ibid., 35 (1957) sius Periegetes (1393 lines); IV. Ora mari- 48-54 ; — “Vindiciae Avienianae,” Antiquité tima, a description of the Atlantic shore Classique, 24 (1955) 127-131. — “Nouvelles

from Britannia south to Cadiz and of the notes critiques sur Avienus,” Revue Belge, Mediterranean coast to Marseilles, supposed to 36 (1958) 51-71. — “L’Ambrosianus et la be also a partial verse paraphrase of a Greek Descriptio terrae d’Avienus,” Antiquité Claswork (713 lines); V. “De se ad Deam Nor- sigue, 27 (1958) 375-382. — “Cuspinianus et tiam,” a verse epitaph on marble (8 lines), le texte d’Avienus,” Revue Belge, 37 (1959) followed by his son Placidus’ farewell to his 52-68.

father (4 lines), the inscription now in the Also the two editions by Van de Woestijne Vatican Museum (C. I, L. VI 537). Other listed above, 30

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

2. PRISCIANUS CAESARIENSIS. of the sixteenth century, indeed from 1497 to 1559, Priscian gave way to Rhemnius Priscianus Caesariensis, or Grammaticus, Fannius. It was the Papius edition of 1575 who flourished at Constantinople in the first which reestablished the authorship of Pris-

part of the sixth century after Christ, wrote cian. a paraphrase of the Descriptio in hexameter Who was Fannius? Gesner’s note on verse ; the paraphrase contains 1087 lines, Priscian ends : “Prisciano quidem falso hac-

99 fewer than the original. There are no tenus adscripserunt translationem operis indications as to the date or circumstances Dionysii Afri De situ orbis, cum ea sit

of the paraphrase, but since Priscianus was a Rhemnij grammatici” (Bibliotheca Univer-

professor at Constantinople, it is probable salis I, 1545, fol. 570). In the Appendix that the work was composed there. Among (p. 34) he notes that Fannius the historian the modifications introduced by Priscianus was cited by Plutarch, and that Fannius one should note especially the omission of the poet wrote satires and was mentioned the pagan gods and the addition of mira- as inept by Horace in his Sermones.

bilia, probably from Solinus, De mirabili- It is possible conjecturally to provide bus mundi (see R. Helm in Pauly-Wissowa not only an identification of Fannius but

XXII, 2 (1954) 2343-45, and the edition of also the reason why the translation of

C. Miller, 1861, p. xxx). Priscian was ascribed to him.

The fortuna of this translation in the 1. One of the minor works of Priscian is

Renaissance was decidedly unusual. It usually entitled De Ponderibus. was the earliest of the Dionysius transla- 2. De ponderibus is also the title of some tions to be printed (1470), and was the wretched verse (A.L. 486) by a writer of most frequently reprinted for a century. It doggerel whose name appears to have been

appeared normally at the end of Priscian’s Remius Favinus (so the best mss.) or

Opera, following the author’s lengthy Gram- Remius Faunus (so others), but whose name matica and other prose works on language. is almost always given as Rhemnius Fannius

It was included in all fourteen of the incu- in the Renaissance. That is probably the nabula, but without note or explanation. form given in the late mss., of which there After seven such appearances, it was at are doubtless many, since these verses were length published for its own sake in 1482 quite popular in the Middle Ages. together with the Geographia of Pomponius 3. The verses were often copied after Mela, and then by itself in 1494-5, and four Priscian’s little tractate and so attributed to times more before 1500. Though the editor him, although they could obviously not be his.

of the first of these separate editions was 4, The author of the verses was identified Johannes Cuspinianus of Vienna, and the with an egregious scoundrel, Q. Remnius editor of the fourth was Pomponius Laetus Palaemon, who flourished in the early

of Rome, neither these nor any other editor Empire, to whose name in some of the worst made any note or comment in their edition. copies of Suetonius, De gramm. 23, Fannius

The poem continued to appear there- appears as an addition or “emendation.” after in at least six more editions of the 5. Possibly someone reasoned that since

Opera, and perhaps in more unlocated edi- the verses De ponderibus are not by Priscian, tions. The last appearance of the poem in the latter probably wrote no verse, whereas

the Opera seems to have been in 1528; Palaemon was noted for his facile verses. thereafter the poem generally found its De orbis situ (ed. Paul van de Woestijne, way to publication with other geographical Brugge, 1953)

works. The reason for the shift may not Prol. Naturae genitor, quae mundum

have been the incongruity of content, continet omnem,

questioned. et undae, -nvented, who replaced Priscian, For most dedisti, but the fact that Priscian’s authorship was Annue, rex coeli, positum telluris

A new author was discovered, almost In quas imperium mortalibus ipse

3]

GREEK AUTHORS

Materiae tantae me promere car- 156; Goff P-960. Bibl. Vat; BN; BM; mine digno. (DLC ;s MH; MWi-C).

[Ine.]: Incipiens terrae tractus pontique 1472, Venetiis: Vindelinus de Spira, in

meatus the Opera Grammatica. Hain 13356 ; BMC V Et fluvios canere atque urbes po- 160 ; Goff P-961. BN ; BM ; (NNPM).

pulosque per orbem [c. 1475, Romae: Udalricus Gallus,] in

Discretos, late refluum memorare the Opera Grammatica. Hain 13353; BMC parabo IV 26; Goff P-962. BN; BM; (CtY ; PBm) Oceanum, tellus quo cingitur ae- [I am indebted to Mrs John D. Gordan for quore tota, arranging for me to see the Bryn Mawr copy

Insula ceu sese diffundens litore in New York.|

vasto. [? 1475, Mediolani: Printer of the 1475

weofeas Servius,] in the Opera Grammatica. HCR

[Expl.]: Nam pelagi partes percurri car- 13354* ; BMC VI 730; Goff P-963. BM;

mine vastas (CSmH ; MH; NNPM; PU).

Et terrae pariter regiones finibus (*) 1475-6, Venetiis : Johannes de Colonia amplis ; and Johannes Manthen, in the Opera GramOmnipotens pro quo genitor mihi matica. HC 13357*; BMC V 231; Oates

praemia donet. 1720; Goff P-964. BN; BM; C; (CSmH; Bibl.: A discussion of the method of ICN sy ICU; MH; MdBW;; MiV). Priscian’s translation will be found in the 1476, Venetiis: [Jacobus de Fivizzano,] edition by C. Miller (1861) p. xxx and in the in the Opera Grammatica. Hain 13358;

article by R. Helm, Pauly-Wissowa XXII, 2 BMC V 242; Oates 1736; Goff P-965. BN; (1954) 2343-45. Compare also the edition BM ;xy €;(CSmH; DLC; ICU; NNPM). by Paul van de Woestijne. The influence of (*) 1481, Venetiis : per Michaelem ManzoVergil on Priscian’s poem is studied by M. lum, in the Opera Grammatica. Hain 13359 ; Manitius in Rheinisches Museum XLIV BMC V 315; Goff P-966. BM; C; (CSmH; (1889) 544-45 ; the frequency of echoes both DLC; IU; NceV). from Vergil and from Lucan is noted by 1482, Venetiis : Erhard Ratdolt, in Pompovan de Woestijne in Revue Belge XXV nius Mela, Geographia. HC 11019* ; BMC V

(1946-47) 587-96. 286 ; Oates 1751 ; Goff M-452 ; Polain 2663.

Manuscripts: BN ; BM; C; (27 copies in U. S. A., as NN,

An early listing of manuscripts may be NNC, NNPM, etc. : see Goff). The De situ found in the introduction to the edition orbis title reads “Prisciani e Dionysio Thesby C. Miiller (1861). (see I, above). Van salonicensi de situ orbis interpretatio.” de Woestijne’s critical edition of Priscian’s (*) 1485, Venetiis: Hannibal Foxius, in Periegesis (1953) lists 23 mss. from the the Opera Grammatica, ed. Benedictus Brog-

ninth through the fifteenth century. Mss. nolus. HC 13360*; BMC V 207; Oates

not used by van de Woestijne were noted 1947 ; Goff P-967; Polain 3252. BN; BM; by C. E. Finch: 1. Vat. Urb. Lat 674, fol. (CLU ;xy CSmH; CtY; DLC; ICN; MdBW ; 1-2, supplying verses 85-147 of the poem: PU ; RiPB). Classical Bulletin XXXII (1956) 64-5, 67. (*) 1488, Venetiis: Georgius Arrivabene, 2. Vat. Lat. 3027, a fragment: ibid XXXIIT in the Opera Grammatica, ed. Benedictus (1957) 64-5. 3. Vat. lat. 3049 (s. XV) ff. 121- Brognolus. HCR 13361 ; BMC V 383; Goff

139v: Manuscripta IV (1960) 19-22. P-968. BN; BM;(CSmH; CtY; MdBJ;

Editions: MdBW ; MH).

For a listing of editions, see Fabricius 1492, Venetiis : Philippus Pincius, in the BG IV 586, 594-95 and, much more fully, Opera Grammatica, ed. Benedictus Brognothe edition of Pomponius Mela of 1809 (see lus. HC 13362; BMC 493; Goff P-969.

I,(1470, above). BM ; (DCU; NN). Venetiis : Vindelinus de Spira,] in (micro.) 1494-5, Viennae: Johannes Win-

the Opera Prisciani. Hain 13355; BMC V terburg. De situ orbis, ed. Johannes Cus32

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

pinianus [with no notes or comment]. HC 1516, Parrhisiis : Jodocus Badius Ascensius, 6224; GW 8430; BMC III 813; Goff D- with the Instifutiones grammatice. Renouard

258. BN ; BM; (RiPB). III 194 ; Adams P-2108. BN ; Kindly report(*) 1495, Venetiis: Philippus Pincius, in ed by Professor Ruth Z. Temple.

the Opera Grammatica, ed. Benedictus 1518. See I, above.

Brognolus, comment. Johannes de Aingre. 1518, Venetiis: In Aedibus Aldi et AnHC 13362 ; BMC V 496 ; Goff P-970 ; Polain dreae Soceri, as Pomponius Mela. Julius 3253. BM; (CtY ; DLC; ICN); also Brindi- Solinus. etc. ed. Franciscus Asulanus. Fasi, Bibl. Arcivescovile, see 1499 entry under bricius [TV 596; Panzer VIII.448.915 ; Proc-

doubtful editions, below. tor 14461 (or 128857); Renouard (1834), (photo) [c. 1495, Daventriae: Ricardus p. 83. BNRoma; Marciana, BN; BM;

Pafraet,] De orbis situ. C 1987 = 4870; (DCF ;5 MH; MWi-C; NN; NNC). GW 8431; BMC IX 63; Goff D-259. BM; 1519, Florentiae: per heredes Philippi

(CSmH). Juntae, as Pomponius Mela. Julius Solinus. 1496-7, Venetiis: Bonetus Locatellus, in etc. ed. Antonius Francinus. Fabricius IV Opera Grammatica. HC 13364*; BMC V 596; Panzer VII 30.115; Proctor 13414; 447 ; Goff P-971. BN; BM; (CSmH ; CtHT- A. M. Bandini, De Florentina Juntarum W; CtY; DCF; DLC; IU; MH; MdBW; Typographia II (1791) 136-37, with the pre-

NNPM),. face of Ant. Francinus. Renouard (1834), [c. 1497, Daventriae: Jakob von Breda]. p. xliv, no. 25. BNRoma; BN; BM; (NN; De orbis situ, ed. Benedictus Brognolus. NNC).

C 1986 = 4869 ; GW 8432. BN; Cambridge, (*) 1519, Ingolstadii: Andreas Lutzen as

Pembroke College. by Rhemnius. Panzer VII 126.6; Fabricius

(micro.) [c. 1497-8, Romae: Johann Be- IV 596; Proctor. BM. sicken,] Dionysius de situ orbis per Pompo- 1519, Venetiis: Guillelmus de Fontanium [Laetum] correcfus. Dionysius La- neto, in the Opera. Panzer VIII 502.1399. tine Interpretatus per Fannium. H 6231; (InU). Kindly reported by Miss Geneva

GW 8433. Bibl. Vat; BN. Warner of the Indiana University Libraries.

(*) 1499, Coloniae: [Kornelius van Zie- (*) 1520, Neapoli: Per Stepharum Galirickzee,] Orbis descriptio. H 6225; GW tum, in Mazimi Prisciani Opus, ed. V. Udal8434 ; BMC I 308; Polain 1300. BM; Bodl. ricus Venerius, in the Opera. Panzer VIII 1500, Venetiis : Philippus Pincius, in the 202.1399. BM. Opera. HC 13365*; BMC V 499; Oates 1521, Toscolano [Venice]: Alexander Pa2077; Goff P-972. BM; (CtY; ICN; IU; ganinus, with Mela. Fabricius IV 596 (refer-

MBAth ; MdBW; NNC). ring to Barberini Catalogue, I 346 [for II

(*) 1503, Mediolani: Alexander Minutia- 246]). Panzer VII.469.1095. BMItalian, p. nus, in the Opera. Panzer VII 379.14. BM 432. Bibl. Vat; BNRoma; BM; (NN). (*) 1504, Cracoviae : Hochfelder. Panzer VI 1522. See I, above.

449.2. not located. (*) 1526, Florentiae: Heredes Philippi

(*) 1509, Venetiis: Philippus Pincius, in Juntae with Mela, etc., as in 1519 above. the Opera. Panzer VIII 396.477 ; Fabricius, Panzer VII 41.224 ; Bandini II p. 202. BM.

BLM, V 317; Adams P-1209. (*) 1528, Coloniae: Eucherius Cervicor-

1511, Mediolani: Leonhard Pachel, in nus, in the Libri Omnes. Panzer VI 403.507 ; the Opera. Panzer VII 390.100; Fabricius, Adams P-2144. Cambridge. This is listed BG IV 596 NjNBR. Kindly reported by in the 1809 Mela (q.v. infra) as of 1530;

Professor Paul Rosenfeld. in Fabricius IV 598 as of 1538.

1512, Ferrariae. See I, above. (*) n.d., Swollis [Zwolle]: ed. Gerardus 1512, Viennae. See I, above. Lister. Panzer IX 104.10. Not located.

(*) 1514, Rostochii: Panzer VIII 280.5 [154-?], Lugduni: Heredes Simonis Vin-

not located. centii, with the Jtinerartum Antonini. Fa(*) 1516, Coloniae: in albo Cuniculo bricius ITV 597 (who dates it 1550). BNRo-

Panzer VI 376.264. Not located. ma;BN; BM; (CtY ; MH; NN).

33

GREEK AUTHORS

(*) 1545, Basileae. Fabricius, BLMA, V brarian of the Biblioteca, Sig. Rosario

317. Not located. Jurlaro, kindly informs me, however, that 1547. See I, above. the copy is actually of the 1495 Venice

1553. See I, above. edition.

1559, Parisiis (Paris) : Guil. Morelius. Gr.- 1517, Florentiae: Philippus Junta, with Lat. The Greek edition by Morelius; the Pomponius Mela, etc. Reported in the 1809 Latin of Priscian ascribed to Quintus Rem- edition of Mela, q.v., but apparently an

mius Palaemon. The colophon is dated error for 1519, q.v.

1556, the titlepage 1559. Fabricius BG IV, 1523, Basileae : Henricus Petri, with Ara-

598; Adams D-642. BN;(IU; MU). tus, Greek-Latin, notes by Ceporinus. Fa-

1561. See I, above. bricius IV 598, but this mistakes the printer

1575. See I, above. (should be Bebelius) and the translator

1577, Rostochii (Rostock): per Iacobum (should be Ceporinus): see the 1523 entry Lucium. Gr.-Lat. Preface by MHenricus below. Fabricius made the same error in Brucaeus. Fabricius BG IV 597 (Fabricius reporting as Priscian’s the translations by dates it as 1578, and notes that the Greek Ceporinus of 1534, Basel; 1547, Basel; text derives from the 1575 edition by 1553 or 1554, Antwerp ; 1561, Basel ; 1585,

Papius). Edinburgh. Basel. 1585. See I, above. 1525, Florentiae : Heredes Philippi Jun-

1590. See I, above. tae, in the Opera. Fabricius IV 596 ; Panzer 1596. See I, above. VII 41.220. Vat; BM; (NNC). This edition 1599. See I, above. does not include the Orbis descriptio, which

1619. See I, above. the same printer included with Mela in 1632. See I, above. 1526, q.v. supra. 1697. See I, above. 1527, Parisiis: Badius Ascensius, in the 1712. See I, above. Opera. Panzer VIII 101.1570 ; Renouard ITI 1717. See I, above. 195. BN. It is kindly reported by Professor

1766. See I, above. Ruth Z. Temple that this edition does not

1788. See I, above. contain the Orbis descriptio. 1809. See I, above. 1527, Venetiis: Aldus Manutius, in the 1820, Lipsiae (Leipzig): Weidmann. In Libri Omnes. Fabricius, BLMA I, 317 ; Panzer

Prisciani Caesariensis Grammatici opera, ed. VIII 502.1399. Vat; BN; BM; (NNC). Augustus Krehl, vol. IJ. Bibl. Vaticana ; This edition does not contain the Orbis

(NNC). descriptio. 1825. See I, above. 1554, Florentiae : Haeredes Bernardi Jun-

1828. See I, above. tae, in the Opera. Vat ; BN. This edition does

1861. See I, above. not contain the Orbis descriptio, as kindly 1882. See I, above. reported by Professor Ruth Z. Temple.

1883, Lipsiae (Leipzig) : Teubner. In Poe- 1554, Basileae: apud Nicolaum Bryling, tae latini minores, ed. Aemilius Baehrens V in the Libri Omnes. Bibl. Vat. ; (MH). This

p. 275-312 (NNC). edition does not contain the Orbis descriptio. 1953, Brugge: De Tempel. La Périégése 1568, Basileae : Haeredes Nicolai Bryling,

de Priscien, ed. Paul van de Woestijne. in the Opera. This does not contain the BM ;s BN; (CtY ; MH; NN; NNC). Orbis descriptio. (NNC). Doubtful or erroneous editions: 1620, Mussiponti (Pont-a-Mousson) : apud 1480,'Parmae : Andreas Portilis. The Orbis C. Mercatorem, Gr.-Lat. edition of the poem,

descriptio.' H 6228; GW VII 461 reports ed. Antonius Basolius, S.J. Fabricius IV “nicht nachweisbar” ; Fabricius, BLMA I, 599. BN. Professor Temple kindly reports

317, lists as 1481 Parma. that the Latin is not that of Priscian: see 1499, Venetiis. Reported to Professor the Ceporinus translations, below.

Kristeller as in the Biblioteca Arcivescovile, 1679, Londini: Mary Clark, Greek-Latin,

Brindisi (Jter Italicum, IY 500). The Li- ed. William Hill. Fabricius IV 599; Wing 34

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

D-1521. BN; BM. The Latin is not that Teuffel, Geschichte der r6mischen Literatur (6th of Priscian, but that of Stephanus, q.v. ed. by W. Kroll and F. Skutsch) I1,1242-45.

below ; reported by Professor Temple. H. van Looy, “Metrische en stilistische 1710, Oxoniae: e Theatro Sheldoniano. aantekeningen bij Priscianus’ Periegesis”’ Greek-Latin, ed. John Hudson. Fabricius Handlungen der Zuinederlandse MattschapIV 601. BM; (NNC). This does not include pij voor Taal- & Letterkunde en Geschiedenis

the Priscian version, giving only that of (Brussels) XVI (1962) 1-29; A. Luscher, Stephanus. The 1712 edition, q.v. above, De Prisctani studiis Graecis (Breslau, 1912) ;

added Avienus and Priscian. Paul van de Woestijne, “Scolies médiévales a

Biography : la Périégése de Priscien” Bulletin Du Cange

Priscian of Caesarea (presumably of Mau- XXI (1949-50) 133-57. retania) fl. c. A.D. 512-527. The dates are

determined by his composition of a pane- 3. ANONYMUS A S. XII

gyric of the eastern Emperor Anastasius

(reigned 491-518) ; by a record of the copy- The oldest Greek ms. of the Dionysius ing of his Grammar by Flavius Theodorus, a poem is reckoned as of the 10th century clerk in the imperial service, in 526-7; and (Paris, BN Suppl. grec. 388, fols. 89by mention of him by Cassiodorus (qui 113’). ‘It contains interlinear Latin words nostro tempore Constantinopoli doctor fuit : translating the Greek words individual-

De Orthographia, c. 583). Priscian was a ly, which seem continuous enough to

student of Theoctistus ; his pupils included count as in effect a translation. The Latin Theodorus and Eutyches. His works were is considered to be of the twelfth century. mainly educational, intended to convey to The Latin words are often faint, and those

the Greeks an understanding of Latin. on the first page have been generally Of his minor work the Periegesis the erased, perhaps to make room for intermodern editor says that its author was linear Greek words. Because of the erasures “bon Helléniste, traducteur scrupuleux, au- and of other uncertainties, it is not possible teur d’une latinité toute classique et versifi- to read an Incipit of the translation, and cateur régulier” (Paul van de Woestijne, not until the second page is it possible to see a

edition of Avienus, 1961, p. 19). continuous translation.

Works: De laude Anastasii imperatoris I read lines 25-28 (f. 89v) as follows : (poem of 312 lines); paraphrase of Diony- qui quidem dividet libyen as[iletide terre {.] Sius, Periegesis (poem of 1087 lines); In- Talia quidem de terminis homines diffa-

stitutiones grammaticae, 20 books: called ‘mauerunt. the most complete textbook on the Latin ubi inlaboriosi fertur violentia (vel po-

language which has survived from classical _tentia) oceanl, times ; Institutio de nomine et praenomine et --- (an illegible word) qui multis agnom-

verbo (an abridgment of the Institutiones inibus pollens. for younger readers) ; De partitionibus XII A prose version of these lines (Bernhardy

versuum Aeneidos principalium, twelve ed., 1828, p. 10) is:

books, an introduction to Latin grammar (Arabicum inter sinum et Aegyptum,) qui for Greeks, illustrated from the Aeneid ; quidem Libyam seiungit ab Asiatica regio-

De figuris numerorum, also known as De . ne.

Ponderibus ; De metris fabularum Terentia- Talia de finibus regundis homines pro-

nis; Praeexercitamina (translation of the nunciaverunt. Progymnasmata which bears the name of Undique vero indefessi fluenta Oceanl

Hermogenes); De accentibus (authenticity feruntur, dubious). Qui, unus licet, multisXXII, est ornatus Cog: Bibl. : R. Helm, in Pauly-Wissowa 2 nominibus. (1954) 2328-46; Schanz, Geschichte der I read the explicit (f. 113) as follows:

rémischen Literatur, revised by C. Hosius and iam enim omnis quidem sepe curri fluc-

G. Krueger, IV,2 (1920) 221-38; W. S, tum maris 35

GREEK AUTHORS

iam que--- obliquam uiam, sed mihi Bishop of Verona from 1453 to 1471, and he hymnorum appointed Beccaria, who had been his secre-

ipsis ex diis digna sit remuneratio. tary, to be Treasurer of the Cathedral in 1458. The Bernhardy version of these lines Leonardi, of a Venetian patrician family,

(p. 63): took his doctorate in medicine at the Uni-

iam enim omnis maris fluenta emensus sum, versity of Padua in 1445 (Acta graduum, ed.

idemque regionum tractus obliquos. at C. Zonta and I. Brotto, 1922, no. 1925). carminum I have not located his offspring, and can ipsis a divis praemium mihi dignum con- note only that the baptism must have taken

tinget. place in or after 1453. According to the If we look back at the corresponding dedication, the translation was done ex-

lines of the translations of Avienus and pressly to serve as a gift : Dionisii alexandriPriscian respectively, we shall note that ni philosophi cum nuper in libellum quenneither has been copied in the explicit of dam concidissem, etc. This is a standard this later translation. For our first passage, gambit, and may mean in fact that Beccaria Avienus (lines 45-48) says of the boundary had done the translation at an earlier date

between Libya and Asia: and now brought it forth for the occasion. nam sinus hic Arabum, sinus hic Aegypti- We cannot say. We may suppose that he

us unda presented it before 1470, when the poem

aestuat : at Lybicis Asiam discernit ab oris. first appeared in print in Priscian’s transla-

Sic diversa fuit sententia, rite quis orbi tion, since otherwise he would have men-

limes haberetur. tioned it and given some reason for doing a And Priscian (lines 33-38) : re-translation himself. He would then have

separat hic Libyen, Asiae confinia rum- been able to explain that he translated the pens. Greek poem into Latin prose because it was Talia mortales perhibent discrimina terrae. more accurate and more easily understood. Circuit oceani gurges tamen undique We may conclude only that Beccaria brought

vastus, out his translation, whenever he did it,

qui, quamvis unus sit, plurima nomina between 1453 and 1470. As will be seen, sunt. a copy was made for Federigo da MonteIt seems then that the medieval translation feltro before 1474, which was the year is quite independent of the earlier transla- of Beccaria’s death; the first edition was tions. We cannot be sure, however, until printed in 1477, the Latin text has been fully transcribed. A remark by an admiring contemporary

Manuscript: poet has been interpreted to mean that

(micro.) Paris, Bibliothéque nationale, ms. Beccaria provided maps for his translation.

Suppl. grec 388, fols. 89-113. (H. Omont, The poet was Panteo, who was quoted by Inventaire sommaire des manuscrits grecs de the historian of Verona, Scipione Maffei, la Bibliotheque Nationale, III, Paris, 1888, in the lines from his Dialogus primus :

p. 255). Qui probat antiquos Terrarum Gentiles esse legendos, brevibus chartis incluserat or4. ANTONIUS BECCARIA VERONENSIS bem. (Maffei, Verona Illustrata, II (1731) 8° ed. 217).

In the dedicatory letter to the physician I note ne the normal word for map in Hieronymus de Leonardis of Venice, Bec- the Renaissance was typus or descriptio, carla notes that the translation is offered as a carta marina being a special usage. In any

baptismal gift for Leonardo's infant son case it is highly unlikely that Beccaria had quem ipse paulo ante una cum praesule any cartographical interest, which was a meo ex sacro baptismatis fonte suscepimus”. speciality of mathematicians or other proA marginal note on this clause in the editio fessionals ; indeed I do not remember any princeps reads : Praesul de quo loquitur fuit maps in any Renaissance edition of Dionysius. Hermolaus Barbarus. The elder Barbaro was The obvious meaning of the lines is that 36

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

Beccaria had framed the whole earth in adolescens adhuc in tantisque educatus

paper pages. deliciis, quantis alius quispiam potuisset

Dedication (from the Trent Ms.) Antonii in ea potissimum civitate quae tum maxime Becariae Sacerdotis Veronensis in Dionysii omnium rerum affluentia et magnitudine Traductionem de Situ Orbis MHabitabilis caeteris omnibus anteibat. Tantam tamen ad Magistrum Hieronymum de Leonardis addiderit huic vitae felicitati aliarum artium Incipit. [In the editio princeps of 1477 this doctrinam et cognitionem: ut longe ambecomes: Eloquentissimi viri Domini An- pliora ista quam superiora illa_ iudicatonii Bechariae. . . ad clarissimum physicum rentur ex quo evenit ut crescente paulatim magistrum Hieronymum de Leonardis.] cum eius aetate doctrina, ipsius etiam fama [Inc.]: (ed. of 1477) Dionysii Alexandrini continue cum dignitate succresceret. Neque philosophi cum nuper in libellum quendam minus esse quod consequebatur ab ipsa

concidissem, quem ipse hexametro versu doctrina laudis et amplitudinis quam a de ea parte orbis quae habitabilis dicitur caeteris commodis gloriae virtutis. Acce-

adolescens admodum conscripserat, mirum debat etiam ad ipsius viri laudem et admifuit, mi Hieronyme, quam mihi prae caeteris rationem quod cum multa et varia scrip-

placuerit illius summi et excellentissimi sisse constet, quae passim diffusa graeviri ingenium. Considerabam enim in hoc cis hominibus legenda tradiderat, tanta

homine non ea quae caeteri solent singula- tamen ea cum elegantia et dicendi copia et

ria quaedam et praestantissima munera ubertate scripsisse dicitur, ut ipse non liniudicare, qualia sunt quae aut ad valetu- gua locutus fuisse sed manu omnia finxisse dinem corporis pertinent, aut ad pulchritu- tanquam Phidias quidam pro voluntate dinem, aut quae ad eius dignitatis statum et videretur. Quod quidem potissimum fuit, excellentiam sunt tradita; cum ea mihi ut et ipse hunc laborem non recusarem, atviderentur eiusmodi esse, ut cum partim a que illum e Graeco sermone in Latinum connatura proficiscantur, partim etiam a for- verterem, tametsi eisdem me metri legibus

tuna, neque magis ab humana opera pro- quibus ipse astringi non velim, ut liberiori venirent quam divina quadam benignitate cursu nostra percurrat oratio. Feci enim et celesti dono mortalibus elargirentur. .. ut pictores solent, qui cum velint alicuius non tamen ea esse (licet amplissima) quae perpulchri corporis habitudinem liniamenpossent veram homini laudem aut glo- taque deducere neque enim id facile possint, riam aliquam comparare, cum neque ea ob illorum mirabilem nec sine harmonia quae sunt insita homini a natura, neque quadam ut ita dicam concinnitate aptissietiam quae a fortuna proficiscuntur, ullam Mamque membrorum omnium_ composiprorsus promereri (ut nosti) laudem vide- tionem, eam tamen nituntur de se praestare, antur. Tametsi multa quoque huiusmodi quae saltem similitudinem quandam et si consecutus fuisse traditur quae inter cae- non proprietatem prae se ferant.

tera praestantissima naturae ipsius aut Statui etiam illum tibi dedicatum iri,

fortunae munera non inferiora pro sul ex- quo nostram iam inceptam benivolentiam cellentia & magnitudine videbantur. Erat aliquo meo munere honestarem et crepundiis enim ex summis ortus parentibus: neque applauderem filioli tui quem ipse paulo cuiquam nobilitate animi aut divitiarum ante una cum praesule meo (sc. Hermolao copia cedere videbatur. Sed erant alia quae- Barbaro] ex sacro baptismatis fonte suscepidam longe ampliora quae me cogebant in mus ut, cum adoleverit, habeat etiam ex me eo viro non solum laudare et recte quidem cum quo oblectetur ipse, et nostrae huic laudare: sed etiam admirari atque id effi- benevolentiae congratuletur, atque illud in cere ut quantis possem viribus eniterer, perpetuum tanquam firmissimum quoddam ne omnino huiusmodi viri facta iacerent, mutuae nostrae charitatis pignus observet.

neve inter graecorum ruinas quibus iam og ws gs

prope immersa est patria illa hostium la- Dionisii Alex. Descriptio

pidibus aut telis obruerentur.... Nam [Inc. (fol. 3): ] Terra omnis cum ab oceano

cum esset ex summo loco (ut dixi) natus et tanquam ingens quaedam insula et immensa 37

GREEK AUTHORS

paene circumvalletur, non tamen prorsus before Federigo took on the title of Duke of globea est, neque omnino rotunda cum utrin- Urbino in 1474. The Ms. is carelessly copied, que ad solis semitam altius erecta caliginosae and it may have been copied from an author’s cuiusdam quasi nubeculae speciem praes- Ms, which was not the presentation copy nor

tet. ../... [Expl. (fol. 43%: ] Iam enim vos yet the copy used for the editions. (Stornaiomnes satis percurri, qui fueratis aliquam olo, Codices Urbinates Latini I, 661, listing inter mortales famam aut nomen consecuti. the folios incorrectly as ff. 137-197). Sed deum quaeso ut pro huiusmodi labore (micro.) Verona, Biblioteca Civica (former-

meo aliquam retribuat in posterum grati- ly Comunale), Ms. 1132, paper, s. XV,

am. 15 ff. The dedication begins “Antonii Be-

Manuscripts : carie sacerdotis Veronen.”; the recipient

(micro.) London, British Museum, ms. is called “clariss. physicum magistrum.” Sloane 2017, membr. s. XV, misc. ff. 41-88 The words in the margin are written (now renumbered 40-87). The text of the by the copyist, and many are the same Ms. is identical with that of the editions, as in the Trent Ms; the list of provinces

including the marginal glosses and the final which was added at the end in the editions

table of provinces and islands. The exact is omitted here as in the Trent Ms. The

correspondence with the editions indicates Verona Ms. would therefore seem to have that the text was acopy of one of them and been copied before the editions, or at least was therefore made after 1477 or 1478. In independently of them. (Giuseppe Biadego, addition to the Dionysius, the manuscript Catalogo Descrittivo dei Manoscritti della

contains 1. Proverbiorum centuria, cum Biblioteca Comunale di Verona. Verona,

prologo ad Laurentium [Medicum], by Lau- 1892 p. 404 no. 843).

rentius Lippius Collensis. 2. De verbis et Having now considered the four mss., we nominibus quae ex communi consensu may guess that the Trent Ms. was the presen-

primis litteris notantur, perhaps also by tation copy, and the Verona Ms. was a

Lippi. I am indebted to Professor Thelma contemporary copy. The Vatican Ms. was a N. Greenfield for copying a description of copy made for the ruler of Urbino before the Ms. from the revised (unprinted) Cata- 1474; the London Ms. was a copy of the logue of Additional Manuscripts (Sloane edition, and was therefore done after 1477.

1900-2067). Editions: Trento, Museo Nazionale, formerly in 1477, Venetiis : per Bernardum Pictorem

Vienna, Nationalbibliothek Lat. 281, s. XV, et Erhardum Ratdolt. H 6226; GW 8426 ; ff. 1-43 v. I have cited the opening of the BMC V 244; Goff D-253 ; Pell. 4293. Bibl. dedication from this manuscript ; here the Vat; BNRoma ; BN; BM; C; Edin; Bod. ;

author is called priest rather than ‘elo- (CSmH; DCL; ICN; ICU; MH; NN;

quentissimus vir’, and the dedicatee is called NNC ; NNMor ; NjP; RPB).

simply ‘magister’ rather than ‘clarissimus 1478, Venetiis: per Franciscum Renner. physicus magister’. Its illuminated initial H 6225; GW 8427; BMC V 195; Goff Dand marginal decorations are appropriate 254; Polain 1298. Vat; BNRoma; BM; to a presentation copy. I conclude that the Bodl.; (CSmH; CLU-C; CU; CtY; DLC;

Ms. is earlier than any edition and that it ICN ;s MH; MdBW xy NN; NjP; PBL ;PBm). was the presentation copy. (Tabulae codicum 1498, Venetiis : per Christoferum de Pensis

I, 39; Kristeller, Iter II, 192). dictum Mandello. H. 6229; GW 8428 ; BMC

Vatican Library, Ms. Urbin. Lat. 984, V 472; Goff D-255; Pell. 4295. Bibl. Vat ; membr. s. XV, ff. 134-76. The manuscript BNRoma; BN; BM; (CSmH; DLC; MH; contains several historical and geographical NN ; NNH; RPB). works, of which the Dionysius is the second. 1499, Parisiis: pro Georgium Wolff et The copyist is named at the end as Federi- Thielmannum Kerver. H 6230; GW 8429; cus Veteranus, copying for Federico Invic- BMC VIII 216; Goff D-256; Pell. 4296 ; tiss. Militiae Imperatori, that is Federigo da Polain 1299. BN; BM; Bodl.; C; (DLC; Montefeltro ; the copy was evidently made MH ; MWi-C ; MiU-C ; PBL. The translator, 38

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

heretofore called Becharia, is here called 1453 until his death in 1471, appointed

Baccharia. Beccaria Treasurer of the Cathedral Chapter 1501, Parisius: [Denys Roce]. Fabricius in 1458 (Ughelli, Italia Sacra, V, col. 492). IV 597. BN; (MWi-C; NN; NNC). The Another letter of Bosso (II 3, cited by Maf-

translator is again Baccharia. fei, ibid). calls Beccaria a companion of [after 1500,] Parisius: pro ioanne parvo. his studies, a man grave or gay as occasion

GW VII, col. 462; Goff D257; Peil. 4292. demanded. Panteo in his first Dialogus BN ; (NN). GW indicates that Jean Petit describes him as “omnium eruditorum nospublished after 1500. The translator is tro evo tam Grece quam Latine facile prin-

still Baccharia. ceps’ (cit. Maffei, ibid.). His life as a scholar

1534, Basileae: Henricus Petrus (in a is in sum all that is known to us, except for volume with Ioannis Honter Coronensis, his accomplishment as a “squisito poeta Rudimentorum Cosmographiae libri duo), latino” (the words are Vasoli’s).

pp. 6-64. Fabricius IV 597; Panzer IX Works: Latin poetry, including Elegtae 406.933 (but dating it 1523); Adams and Eclogae (partial lists in Maffei, op. cit.

D-649; NUC. Vat; BNRoma; Marciana ; and in Kristeller, Jéer ; Latin prose, includBM ; Cambridge ; (NN). The edition is dedi- ing letters, some of which were written for

cated by Albanus Torinus to Alexander the Duke of Gloucester, and orations ; ten Culier and Henricus Rhihener “optimae spei treatises on theological and scholastic sub-

pusionibus.” The dedication explains the jects (cf. Kristeller, Jter I, 371); transla-

value of cosmography to the educated man, tions into Latin of works of Athanasius, Bocand notes that ‘“Geographiam. .. Dionysius caccio, Dionysius Periegetes, Plutarch, and Apher felicissima brevitate metris complexus possibly some Aristotelian and pseudo-

est. Quam non infelicius et dilucidius laxo Aristotelian works. orationis habitu in Latinum transfudit An- Bibl. : Scipione Maffei wrote of his life and

tonius Becharia Veronensis.” works in Verona Illustrata (II 1731, 8° ed.,

Biography: 217-219). G. C. Giuliari listed his works in

Antonius Beccaria of Verona(c. 1400- Il Propugnatore (V ii, 1872, 105-128, 2401474) is characterized as follows by his 304, and VI ii, 1873, 168-235, 428-451), contemporary Matteo Bosso: apud Episco- reprinted in Della Letieratura Veronese al pum [Ermolao Barbaro] habetur primis ho- Cadere del Secolo XV (Bologna, 1876). The noribus Antonius Beccaria, qui sane magna latest biography is in the Dizionario Bio-

cum laude assidue vixit atque consenuit, grafico degli Italiani, art. “Beccaria” by institittus Latinis et Grecis peregregie li- Cesare Vasoli (VII, 1965, 447-449). Becteris, ex illa Victorini Feltrensis olim schola caria’s work in England was described by discipulus paucis inferior (Epistulae, I 41 Roberto Weiss in Giornale Storico della [Mantua, 1498], as cited by Scipione Maffei, Letteratura Italiana (110, 1937, 344-346),

Verona Illustrata (1731 8° ed.) Il, 217). Mai- “Antonio Beccaria in Inghilterra;” the fei believed that Beccaria was born about material is incorporated in his Humanism 1400 ; it is not known when he attended the in England During the Fifteenth Century school of Vittorino da Feltre, or when he (Oxford, 1941, re-edition 1957, pp. 45-46). became a priest. The researches of Roberto Beccaria’s will and an inventory of his Weiss traced his career in England from property were edited by A. Medin in Miscel1438 to 1446 as secretary to Duke Humphrey lanea di Studi in Onore di Attilio Hortis of Gloucester, replacing Tito Livio Frulo- (Trieste, I, 1910, 459-473) ; they say nothing

visi (“Beccaria in Inghilterra,” GSLI, 110, of his books. 1937, 344-46, later incorporated in Weiss,

Humanism in England During the Fifteenth 5. Jacosus CEPORINUS Century, 2d ed., Oxford, 1957, pp. 45-46).

At some time after his return to Verona, The translation, Dionysii orbis descriptio,

Beccaria was in the service of Barbaro as his was published in 1523 with two works of secretary ; Barbaro, bishop of Verona from related content, the Astronomicum (as the

39

GREEK AUTHORS

translator called the Phainomena of Aratus), Tota terra velut insula intermina

and the Sphaera of Proclus, all three in cincta est. Greek and Latin texts, the first two trans- {[Expl.:] Iam enim totius quidem percurri

lated by Ceporinus. The collection was fretum maris, addressed to students as a brief handbook Iam item terrarum difficilem mea-

of astronomy and geography, and as an _ tum. At mihi carminum

aid to the study of Greek. Ceporinus took ___ Ipsis a divis esto condigna repensa.

credit only for the notes on the first two Editions :

works, assumed that the Thomas 1523. see Vuolfius. I, above. ; . . . .and oe,Fabricius . 1534, later Basileae (Basel):

Latin text of Dionysius was Priscian’s ; it

. however, Greek-Latin, withthat the same texts and transis; at once apparent, the lines, . . lations and the Ceporinus notes. Fabricius printed as verse, are usually irregular, and IV 598 ; ‘ng Priscian th only occasionally accurate verse. The Latin (again supposing Priscian the trans: ‘ . lator); Adams Dionysius must therefore be credited toD-646; NUC. Bibl. Vat;

Ceporinus, who reported in the preface that BNRoma ; BN ; (DLC ; MH). the printer had cut him short ; presumably 1547, Basileae (Basel) : per Henricum Pethe Aratus is his also. The Proclus transla- tri. Greek-Latin, with same content and in tion is identified as that of Linacre, which addition Cleomedes de Mundo, NUC. BoAldus had first published in a collection in logna, Archiginnasio ; BN ; BM ; (DLC ; MH).

1499. 1553, Antverpiae (Antwerp): Joannes Lo-

The preface notes that Ceporinus had éius. Greek-Latin with same content. BM. worked nearly two years on the book; it 1556, Basileae (Basel): JIoannes Oporiwas then his first work of scholarship after nus. Greek-Latin, the Dionysius and the

he left the university, and presumably led Commentary of Eustathius, the latter trans-

to his professorship at Zirich in 1525. lated by Bernardus Bertrandus Rheginus - Preface to the Reader (ed. of Basel, 1523). Galloprovincialis.

Jacobus Ceporinus Lectori salutem. [Jnc.]: While the preface implies that Bertrand Ecce novae officinae litterariae Ioannis is the translator both of the Eustathius and Bebelii, suis ipsis manibus nostraque dex- of the Dionysius poems embedded in it, the teritate in emendando adiuti, probe ela- Latin seems to be essentially that of Cepoboratas primitias. . . (the three small books rinus, with modifications. NUC. Bibl. Vat ; should be least tedious to students.) Ete- BNRoma; Bologna, Archiginnasio; BM; nim quis non miretur Dionysium Aphrum (CSmH ; CtY; MH). (&c, as quoted by Konrad Gesner and cited 1561. See I, above.

above in our Fortuna section. Dionysius 1585. See I, above.

had had two translators, Avienus and Fan- 1620. See IJ, above.

nius Rhemnius or Priscian; and two com- Biography :

mentators [the word inierprete is used here], Jacobus Ceporinus (Wiesendanger), born Eustathius the Greek and our Camers.). . ./ in 1499 at Dynhart near Ziirich, attended the

...{Expl.j: Quos (students of hagiogra- universities of Cologne, Vienna, and Ingolphia) velim et tu, quicumque es bone ado- stadt, studying Hebrew with Reuchlin at lescens, sedulo imiteris atque bona quaeli- the last place. Returned home, he married, bet media, quibus ad optima enitendum, non and went to Basel as corrector of Greek

prorsus existimes despicienda. Vale. printing for Cratander. Named in 1525 Dionysii orbis descriptio professor of Greek and Hebrew in the new [ Inc. :] Incipiens terramque et vastum Carolinum in Zurich, he began in June his dicere pontum, lectures on Hesiod. Zwingli, who studied Et fluvios, urbesque et hominum with him, called him homo monstruose diffusas nationes ; laboriosus, as the list of his works done Memor ero Oceani altiflui. In before his early death attests. Ceporinus illo enim died in December of 1525.

40

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

Works: His textbooks include an edition Quae rigat ambusti quondam Phae-

of Zwingli’s Praeceptiones quaedam quo- tontis amoenum modo ingenio adolescentes formandi sint Flumen ad Heliadum frondesque co(Basel, 1523), and a German translation of masque sororum, it as Leerbichlein (ibid., 1524); and a Com- Et veluti pelago circumsonat arva

pendium grammaticae graecae (ibid., 1526 ; fluenti.

‘re-ed. Paris, 1529, Cologne 1534, London Foelix Alciden patriis virtutibus aequas 1585). To his edition of the Dionysius, etc. Nec minus ingenio clarescis famaque

(Basel, 1523 et seq.), should be added an nomen edition of Pindar (Basel, 1526), judged an Herculeum gestat dudum cantata per improvement over the Aldine ; also a com- oras. ment on Hesiod, a “Brevis declaratio gram- Tu quoque Pierias accedis cultus ad

matica,” which was included in some editions artes, of that author, e. g., Ziirich, 1562. Ipse palatinus dictat tibi carmina Bibl.: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, IV Phoebus. (1876), 88-89, by J. Eckstein; Emil Herculis his virtus prisci superata re-

Egli, Biographien. Bibliander, Ceporin, Jo- cedit,

Zurich, 1901). laude. ... gliana I (1897-1904) 271-74; E. Staehlin, ras, (1928) 485-86. . Su. ... 6. SIMON LEMNIUS curva hannes Bullingen (Analecta Reformatoria 2, Maxime dux Latii, & magna dignissima

E. Egli, “Ceporinus und Torinus’, Zwin- Lemnius Astraea cognovit virgine ter-

“Eine Antwerpener Ausgabe von Ceporins Pieriaque via musisque vagabitur orbe,

griechischer Grammatik”, Zwingliana 4 Ardua & exiguo nimium sublimia ver-

Inde per Indorum campos et littora Ivimus et medio spumantia moenia

No indications are given, in the dedication fluxu of the sole edition of 1543, of the occasion or Vidimus, ac liquidas surgentia tecta aim of the verse translation. A _ fluent : per undas. versifier, the young Swiss clearly hoped Post quoque Erythraeas pedibus cal-

that princely patronage might free him camus arenas, from teaching, and the smail volume of fewer Et pelagi madida furiosis puppe procel-

than eighty pages may not have taken lis him long to prepare. We cannot say, Currimus Aethiopum delati Prassode however, that it was written to that end, or celsa,

student days in Germany. acti

on the other hand that it was done in his Barbaricaque sinu variisque erroribus

Dedication (to Duke Ercole II of Ferrara, Hesperii Oceani remos lentamus in

praising his power, wealth, and respect for undis, the muses, and listing as for an imagined Herculeumque fretum, Sardoaque littojourney some of the notable places and ra ponto.... peoples of Dionysius’ poem. The dedication [Expl. :] :

runs to 414 lines of Latin verse, taking up Candide regnator Latii gentisque to-

fourteen of the volume.) gatae, [Inc.]: Cui pages paret doctis celebris Ferraria mu-

O Decus Ausoniae tantique supreme sis, nepotum Subditaque imperio regitur Phaetondi-

Herculis, antiqua rentum deductum gente pa- dos undas Ubere non arvis tellus cessura latinis.

clyta regnis. annos,

Herculeum genus Oenotriis dux in- Vatis Cumaeae Dii dent et Nestoris

41

GREEK AUTHORS

Di regimen foelix tibi dent cursusque Works: Epigrammata, etc. (Vitebergae, secundos, 1538, expanded n. p. 1538); Apologia (CoDique diu faciant urbes populosque logne, [1539]) ; Monachopornomachia (n. p. gubernes. 1539) ; Amores (Basel, 1542); Bucolicorum

Text Aeglogae 5 (Basel, 1551); Raeteis (an epic [Inc. :] of the Swiss-German war of 1499: Chur, Principio terrae et aquosi littora ponti, 1874). His Elegia in commendatione Homeri Et fluvios populosque canam et cum de bello Troiano (1539) preceded his translamoenibus urbes, tions of Dionysius Lybicus (Venice, 1543) and Mox etiam oceani fluctus atque ae- of the Odyssey and the Batrachomyomachia

quora circum, (Basel, 1549: the latter reprinted with the Tota velut magno tellus iacet insula Greek [1566]; the epic in translation reponto. printed Paris, 1581).

wevafece Bibl.: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie

{Expl. :] XVIII (1883) 236-39 by F. Vetter; EnciNam iam totius penetravi littora ponti, clopedia Italiana XX (1933) 827 by G. ZamPerque mare oceanique vias estusque boni; Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart®

cuculrTi, IV (1960) 313-14 by H. Volz; Schotten-

Atque omnis terrae positus, curvos- loher, Bibliographie zur deutschen Geschichte que meatus. im Zeitalter der Glaubenspaltung I, 440-441, Vos grates tantum foelicia numina coeli 10536-10554.

Dignes ferte mihi, vos praemia digna P. Merker, Simon Lemnius, ein Huma-

Edition:

laborum. nistenleben (Strassburg, 1908).

Venetiis, 1543: per Bartholomeum Im- 7. ABEL MATTHAEUS.

peratorem et Franciscum eius generum, . entitled Dionysius Lybicus Poetae De Situ The occasion of the translation, as noted Habitabilis Orbis. Fabricius IV 597 (with- in the preface, was Mathieu’s discovery,

out a date) ; Adams D-650 ; NUC. Bibl. Vat ; when he turned from law to literature, that BNRoma ; BM ; Cambridge ; (CSmH ; DCF ; “valde ego oblectatus fui gravitate atque

DCL ; NN). elegantia carminis Dionysii Afri’ and the Biography : solidity of the Eustathius commentary.

Simon Lemnius (Margadant, Latinized as He translated the whole Eustathius from Emporicus, Mercatorius, or Mercator) was the ed. princ. of Robertus Stephanus (1547), born in 1511 in Chur in the Grisons. He was publishing his version in 1556, the same

early orphaned but studied at Munchen, year in which Bertrand did his translation. Ingolstadt, and after 1534 at Wittenberg, While Bertrand printed the translation by where he was for five years a pupil of Ceporinus of the Dionysius poem as embedMelanchthon. He devoted himself to poetry ded in the Commentary, Mathieu made his and in 1538 published some Latin satirical own verse translation of those passages. —

epigrams, which he dedicated with an ef- Dedication (edition of Paris, 1556). Prinfusive preface to Archbishop Albrecht of cipi clarissimo et lectissimo Cardinali Carolo Mainz. The epigrams and the dedication Lotaringo Abel Matthaeus S. [Inc.] : Magnum drew upon him the anger of Luther, who est procul dubio atque illud multum laudabrought about his banishment from Witten- bile ortus suos claros ad avitam generosamberg ; Lemnius replied with a series of bitter que sobolis regiae propagationem altius anti-Lutheran writings. After a brief stay referre. .. (Matthaeus praises the Cardinal ; with Archbishop Albrecht, Lemnius returned he will dedicate Dionysius to him as tuo

to Chur, where he took a position at the summo ingenio et prudentia dignum))... Nicolaischule and was active as poet and Praeterea animum quoque mihi addidit as translator. He died of the plague in atque exhortationem vir singularis et raris

1555. virtutibus excellens, qui amplissimum hono-

42

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

ris omnium gradum consilio, prudentia, ea- Terra coronatur velut Insula tota pe-

rumque omnium cognitione atque experien- rennis. tia gerit, et iis vere Galliam illustrat et wo sfeae sustinet, FRANCISCUS OLIVARIUS, cui- [Expl] :

us fides testimoniumque tuarum virtutum Vos fluvii et fontes udi montesque va-

quas vir tantus celebrat magnifice et admi- lete

ratur, tanti apud me sunt, quanti laus Absolvi tetricos Pelagi Terraeque mea-

Achilis ab omnibus aestimari debet, quia a oo tus,

laudato viro profecta est. His mihi carminibus tribuant condigna

Praefatio. Abelis Matthaei Iurisconsulti beati.

Praefatio. [Inc.]: Cessante strepitu forensi E ee nee eat i nysius ane tantisper dum animum meum a studio Le- Matthaeus : wo poems to gum avocassem meque retulissem totum Magni philosophi rerumque et populorum ad mansuetiores Musas inter alias humanio- perspicacissimi indagatoris Ludotci de Mo-

rum artium illecebras, quae voluptatem linis Blesii in Musas Matthaeides carmen ingenio meo attulerunt, valde ego oblectatus (Inc.] :

fui gravitate atque elegantia carminis Dio- Descripsit totum lepido Dionysius or-

nysii Afri, cum in eius lectionem fortasse bem incideram, redolentis adhuc Alexandriae Carmine quo nullum tersius Hellas habet

suae odores, ad quem praevius quoque mihi a extitit Eustathius ille magnus vir Thessalo- [Expl.] :

nices Archiepiscopus.... (there follows a (line 15) Sic te aeterna manet pro tantis

long discussion as to whether Dionysius gloria gestis has anything to offer lawyers). . . Mihi autem Et tandem haec felix ibis in astra via. propositum fuit hos aliquot versus et eorum

expositiones brevi manu depingere omnesque Thomae Turkii Parisiensis in Musas

meo Latino stilo colorare, ut si bonis et Mattheides Carmen. sapientibus viris aliquando una cordi ve- [Inc.] : niant, aliis etiam et multo gravioribus iuris Orbis opus magnum graeco, Matthaee,

commentationibus, si Deus virilem aetatem lepore nobis largiatur, posteritatem iuvemus. Per- Vertis in Ausonios, o taciturne, sales

sequemur enim quanta diligentia fieri po- an Pr

terit, id artis iuris quod iam superiore anno [Expl.]: raptim et quasi éxttoud> in lucem emisi- (Line 7) Vel si quid maius poscis, repon-

mus, ad Peripateticorum et Academicorum det Apollo vestigia, quo modo philosophiam civilem Nominis hic mundus sint monumenta tui. suum antiquum decorum vultum venustam- Edition: que gratiam invitis glossariis et barbaris 1556, Parisiis (Paris): apud Poncetum le speramus a nobis accepturam. Sed veniamus Preux. Fabricius BG IV, 497; NUC. Va-

ad propositum. tican ; BM; BN ; (MBH).

De genere Dionysii et de hoc poemate, e The privilége is dated July 9, 1556. The

Graeco Eustathii. (a translation of a portion volume ends with the commentary by Matof the introductory material of Eustathius). thaeus ; see below II, f. Though Matthaeus

Text : was the first to translate the edifio princeps [Ine.]: of Eustathius by Robertus Stephanus, HenAggrediens Terram, vastum quoque ricus Stephanus does not mention Matthaeus dicere Pontum, in his survey of earlier translations of DionyEt fluvios, urbes, varium mortale ge- sius (see below II, 9).

nusque, Biography :

Oceani memor altiflui fiam. Quod ab Abel Matthaeus (Mathieu, sieur de Moisillo tardi¢res) was born at Chartres early in the 43

GREEK AUTHORS

sixteenth century. He was a student of law [Expl]: who attended the lectures of Alciatus at (line 65) Cum paria egregiae laudi iam

Bourges from 1529-34, and he followed praemia terris Alciatus in combining legal and literary or Deficient, magnis Divim te coetibus

humanist interests. He died sometime after addat

1572. Sublimem merito transcribens gloria Works: He translated, in addition to caelo. Eustathius, the hymns of Callimachus into _ Idibus Septembris MDLXXIV Lovanii

Latin, and an oration of Dio Chrysostom Preface. {Inc.] : .

into French. He addressed occasional poems Ad Lectorem. Dionysii Periegesin, benein Latin to Olivier, Chancellor of France vole lector, Latine verterunt ante me non(Ad... Olivarium. .. Carmen, n.d.; Ars Ju- nulli. Superioribus temporibus Priscianus

ris, 1552; Musae Palladium, id est Oliva- et Rufus Festus Aviénus, recenter Abel rium, Congratulatio, etc., with the Calli- quidam Matthaeus. (Priscian expands and machus translations, and epigrams, 1562). contracts, omits, borrows from Solinus: To Jeanne d’Albret, Queen of Navarre, he he was not a translator so much as an imiaddressed three Devis de la langue francoyse, tator. Papius has not seen Avienus, but 1559, 1560, and 1572, the last including the thinks his translation a paraphrase, taking

translation of Dio Chrysostom. the description of the earth from Dionysius, Bibl.: Alexandre Cioranesco, Bibliogra- of heaven from Aratus. Matthaeus is a real phie de la littérature frangaise du setzteme translator.) sed quam ex officio gesserit, siécle (Paris, 1959), p. 476. Georges Grente, iudicabunt qui ut versionem eius legant a se

Dictionnaire des lettres francaises, Le setziéme q wa 8 ; sy ,; impetrare poterunt ; mihi certewtadseaAnticyras

siécle (Paris, 1951), p. 498, videtur, by C. Maugars, ;; . er ablegandus aliquando ita furiosus with bibliography. est, qui cum verbum unum aut alterum max-

8. AnpREAS PAPIUS ime vertit inficete, tum vero minime se

continet, quin sibi Musisque suis ipse graPapius accomplished the multiple scholar- tuletur. ly task of 1) a critical edition of the Greek (As for the Greek text, Robertus Stephaof Dionysius, the first, he said, to make use nus edited it with the scholia of Eustathius, of the scholia of Eustathius ; 2) acorrespond- collecting numerous variants, though he ing new verse translation of Dionysius ; 3) a does not say from what sources. Papius new critical edition of the version of Priscian has used some of his readings, but always (see above, under Priscian, p. 31) For good adds those of Eustathius or Priscian. Gugl. measure he added an edition of the Greek Morelius sometimes corrects Dionysius from Musaeus with a new Latin verse transla- Priscian [in the Morelius Greek text of 1556]. tion. Finally he added comments on Diony- Papius is the first to use the Eustathius sius, Priscian, and Musaeus ; for the Diony- scholia to correct the text of Dionysius.)

sius and Priscian commentary see below [Expl.j:

p.Dedication 57. Quid praestiterim tum interpretando, tum (edition of Louvain, 1575). Dionysium emendando, cum legas iudicabis.

Ad illustrissimum Chimaci Principem D. Ca- Vale. A. D. XII Kal. Iun. MDLXXV rolum de Croy, D. Philippi Ducis Ahschoti Lovanii.

etc. F. unicum, Andreae Papii Gandensis Text:

Carmen nuncupativum. [Inc.]:

[Inc.] : Dum terram pontumque cano, dum Quae tibi de Graeco geminos sermone flumina et urbeis,

wsofees altis

libellos _ Et diversa virtim aggredior tot pandere Ausus in Ausoniam nuper convertere , saecla,

linguam - Oceanum referam, cuius complexibus

44

ellus. -

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

Tota coronatur, velut ingens insula, 9. HENRICUS STEPHANUS.

ta afeee * Henricus Stephanus brought to a climax

[Expl]: ° the translation of Dionysius into Latin in -

vimus omnem, ;

Nunc etenim maris amplexum supera- the Renaissance. His father Robertus Ste-

; phanus had in 1547 edited and published the

Terrarumque situs varios, at carminis ed. pene. of the Commentary of Eustathius huius on Dionysius, and this edition had in turn » Pp . lestes ipsi mihi di ; inspired two Latin translations the1556, Eusraemia caelestes Ips! mini digna re tathius published in the sameofyear

ponant. those of Bertrandus (see below p. 50-51 for the Editions : edition) and of Matthaeus (see above, under

1575. See I, above. I, 7). A translation of Eustathius necessarily

n. d., n. p. Dionysius Alexandrinus De involved the translation of the Dionysius Situ. Orbis. Greek-Latin. BNRoma. This poem embedded in it, and the Matthaeus

edition, with no name of publisher or editor version was an original verse translation of

or translator, and including no prefatory the poem as well as of the commentary, matter, contains the Greek text and the and it might have been enough for Henricus Papius translation, which is seemingly the Stephanus to leave the translation at that.

same as in the 1575 edition. The title-page We shall see that he did not. _

contains as symbol a vase-shaped outline Henricus continued his father’s work by with many outgoing curves, perhaps re- an edition of the Dionysius poem in Greek

, ; . itio Cc -

presenting a flaming vase ; I have not found in his majestic volume of the Poetae Graeci

a record of this as a printer’s symbol. Principes in 1566. The Periegesis occupies

This may be the 1576 edition recorded in 31 pages of the folio of some 1300 pages. Its

the bibliography of the Hudson cdition of ore levavit paterna edi co Cn oie Bue

a0. q. v. under Avienus above tathii.”” The statement implies that he had

1676. See I. above modified thefather Dionysius as embedded , Eustathius, as his hadtext, printed it ; howin

(*) 1736, Lugduni aps. a ae ; a muchBatavorum he modified(Leiden) it has not: I” believe been

apud Gerardum Potviliet, ed. Sigisbert Haver- determined, nor has the effect on the Dio-

camp. Gr.-Lat. With the Plutus of Aristo- nysius text of the editions of Eustathius. phanes. Fabricius BG IV, 601; NUC. Bibl. The 1566 Periegesis, the Papius edition of Vat. ; Bologna, Archiginnasio; BM; (1U; 1575, and the edition of 1577 by the younger

MH). Stephanus would to be studied with Biography : this aimallinneed mind.

Andreas Papius (le Pape, 1542-1581) was Henricus Stephanus completed his great born in Ghent, the nephew of Liévin Tor- Greek dictionary (Thesaurus) in 1572, and

rentin, Bishop of Antwerp. He was a went on to prepare his edition of Plato for

student of the humanities at the Universities publication in 1578. He turned aside from of Cologne and Louvain, and then studied the latter to reprint his father’s Eustathius, law. He was appointed canon of Liége. He which was now scarce. One cannot help was drowned in the Meuse at the age of 39. supposing that it was the Papius edition of Works: De consonantiis sive harmontis 1575 which drove him to reassert the family

musicis (Antwerp, 1568; re-ed. 1571), said claim on Eustathius, though it must be to have been written to justify the con- said that he spoke highly of Papius’ translasonance of the fourth; and the edition tion. The content of his new book also sugwith translations of Dionysius and Musaeus gests a somewhat hasty assembly.

(1575, above). The 1577 volume begins with a new edition Bibl. : Biographie Nationale de Belgique, V of the Greek of Eustathius, together with

(1876) 610-611 (A. Vander Meersch). the embedded passages of Dionysius. The

45

GREEK AUTHORS

embedded passages were now translated in quod eo gravius quo minus spatii ad illam the margins into Latin ; the translation is in scriptionem dabatur, mihi perinvito susprose and strictly literal, with the lines cipiendum fuit, non suscepturo tamen, ut numbered to correspond to the Greek. Some ingenue fatear, si tam molestum futurum et

forty-odd pages of introduction and of cum epithetis praesertim tamdiu luctandum notes brought the book up to somewhat less fore existimassem, quorum unum statim than 200 pages. Stephanus then filled it in secundo versu habui, in quo aperte a out with re-editions of the works of the Rhemnio interprete veteri dissentire coacLatin geographers Mela, Aethicus, and Soli- tus fui. Cum enim vertat populosque per nus as produced previously by various orbem discretos, voci Graecae contraria poscholars to make up 400 pages altogether. tius inest significatio. Neque tamen indisFor Stephanus’ notes on Dionysius, see cretos populos vel indiscretas nationes interbelow under I, i; the circumstances and pretari volui, sed pluribus verbis ad melius method of the translation are discussed in exprimendam vim illius vocabuli utendum some detail in Stephanus’ dedication. censens, dixi, nationes quae prae multitudine Dedication (ed. of Geneva, 1577). Nicolao vix discerni possunt. .. (Stephanus discusses Rhedingero, generosissimae indolis maxi- in some detail another difficult phrase 20voc¢

maeque spei iuveni, filio amplissimi viri péoueoor (line 350).... Nec vero quaedam Nicolai Rhedingeri, praefecti ordinis sena- epitheta solum sed alia etiam muita multum torii in celeberrima Silesiorum urbe Wratis- negotii mihi exhibuerunt, in quibus tamen lavia, Henricus Stephanus S. D. [Jne.]: Di- plus etiam aliis fortasse quam mihi ipsi onysii brevem geographiam vel breve De situ sum satisfacturus. Loquor autem de iis orbis poema atque Eustathii in ipsum com- potissimum quae praetermiserunt qui hoc mentarios cum olim pater meus Robertus poematium carmine reddiderunt, ut certe Stephanus edidisset, sed exemplaria huius praemittere illis licebat, cum verbum verbo editionis iampridem desiderari coepissent, exprimentibus minime haec concessa sit in publica commoda graviter me peccaturum libertas. Neque tamen quod de aliorum, existimavi, charissime Nicolae, nisi plurimo- idem et de Ruffi Avieni interpretatione rum hac in re desiderio satisfacerem. Cum possum affirmare, cum eam non habuerim, vero editioni paternae nihil detrahere, sed imo non absimile vero mihi videtur illam ut potius aliquid addere cogitarem, ideoque prolixiorem, ita etiam curiosiorem fuisse. interpretationem ad verbum ita vellem ad- Ac profecto si ex aliquot versibus, qui spariungere, ut lector sub uno eodemque aspectu sim in ea leguntur, iudicium facere et totam Graeca pariter et Latina haberet, illam quae ex his tanquam leonem ex ungue aestimare

multos ante annos excusa fuit (et primum licet, Rhemnianae longe anteponendam,

quidem ut opinor, Basileae, ab Ioanne Bebe- etiam ut magis poeticam censuerim. Nam

lio, anno MDXXIII) in manus sumpsi, vel haec in principio quam zointixWs tanquam dignam quae illum in mea etiam Oceani nam terra salo praecingitur om-

editione locum teneret, sed ecce, multi nis,

eius loci se meis oculis statim offerunt Parva ut caeruleo caput effert insula

partim infideliter partim barbare redditi, ponto. non pauci qui infidelius an barbarius versi Nec tamen extremo teres est sinus un-

essent, statuere vix possem. Tunc qui dique in orbem aderant, et tantae inscitiae testes a me Qua colitur populis, qua tellus paret

adhiberentur, hortati me ut aliam_ ipse aratro

conscriberem, ego excusare laborem, et mul- Sed matutino qua coelum sole rubescit ta domestica vincla (nolo enim cum Vulteio Latior : accisi curvantur caespitis arva.

Horatiano mercenaria vincla dicere (Hora- (lines 11-16)

tius, Ep. I, 7, 67) praesertimque typogra- Sed inter illum verum qui primus est, et phica, cum Platonis opera tum temporis illum qui secundus, deesse unus videri posduobus preliis essent commissa. Cum tamen sit, quo illud dzelottoc (line 4) exponeneminem reperirem cui id onus imponerem, batur, Ex epithetis autem quorum vim 46

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

pulchre expressisse illum observavi, est év- tevnc (339-40) non late extenta sed opumvoyos (213, v. 1) quod a Dionysio Cyrenae lenta,. .. (Stephanus adds other examples of

tribuitur vertit enim urbs procera arces (line mistranslation)... [Expl]: Et quidem in

319). Oporini editione (i.e. the Bertrand Eustathius Ut autem hic atque Rhemnius (sive Pris- of 1556, with the slightly revised Ceporinus cianus) nimium libertatis suae interpreta- translation) haec omnia, quibus adderem mul-

tione concessisse dici fortasse possunt, ita ta, si pagina capere posset. Cum vero his Andream Papium nostro tempore suae non angustiis excludar, vale. plus concessisse doleo. Quantum enim prae-

stare potuisset si illam ad numerum versuum Text of the translation of the Dionysius Graecorum non adstrinxisset, ostendunt loci lines in Eustathius, given in the margin and quos his angustiis pressus nihilominus felici- numbered :

ter expressit. fIne.]:

Iam vero quod ad editionem hanc atti- 1 Incipiens terram et latum mare canere, net, quorum pater meus, eorundem et ego 2 Et fluvios, urbesque, et hominum naexemplarium fidem sum secutus... . (Ste- tiones quae prae multitudine vix discer-

phanus tells of his procedures with the ni possunt, Greek text)... Verum ut hunc sermonem 3 Mentionem faciam Oceani profunde flumissum faciam, et ab illis hominibus, de entis, illo enim

quibus modo dixi, ad te veniam, mi Nicolae, 4 Tota tellus, tanquam insula immensa quam eos ut illa paterna, ita etiam hac mea et interminata est cincta.

editione indignos, tum ego te utraque [Expl]:

dignum esse iudico, sed etiam quod praeter- 1183 Et fluvii, fontesque et montes salquam DiAdfiBdoc et DiAduovooc mirum et- tuosi (vel clivosi) iam in modum in iis quae ad libros et Musas 1184 Iam enim totius quidem percurri

spectant es Diddxadoc Vale et quam tibi cursum maris

Dionysii “Exdoa1y xald@ gidoxad@ dico, 1185 Iam etiam continentium terrarum

perpetuum nostri pignus amoris habe. fluxuosam (sinuosam) viam. At mihi Praefatio. Wenricus Stephanus Lectori. carminum

[Inc.}] : Dissimulare non possum, lector, quod 1186 Ipsis a divis esto digna remunera-

dissimulandum tamen censueram, me ab tio.

Eustathio doctissimo alioqui grammatico, Editions:

et in suis commentariis de hoc poematio 1577, [Geneva?]: excudebat MHenricus vel potius omnibus eius studiosis optime Stephanus. A.-A. Renouard, Annales de merito dissentire: (he is troubled by the UImprimerie des Estienne, 2nd ed. (Paris word Periegesis, which becomes in Latin 1843) I, 262 ; Fabricius BG IV, 599 ; Adams merely Descriptio, when it should have a D-648 ; NUC. Rome, Bibl. naz.; BM; BN ; wider connotation, since Dionysius is not (DCF ; DCL; MH; NN). merely the Describer ; words of like root in (reported) 1606, Aureliae Allobrogum [Ge-

Plato and Plautus suggest that a suitable neva]: Petrus de la Roviére, in Poetae title would be Circumductio per orbem). Graeci Veteres Carminis Heroici, vol. I, Iam igitur, lector, te a Dionysio per totum pp. 664-681, ed. Iacobus Lectius. Gr.-Lat. orbem terrarum duci finge; quod si forte BM ; (NIC; NNC). The preface ascribes the aliqua eius verba singulas tibi partes os- translation to Ceporinus: actually it is that tendentis non intelliges, me interpretem of Stephanus. I am indebted to Mr. James lateri tuo semper adhaerentem habes, si Tyler of the Cornell University Library for a non satis fidelem, at multo certe fideliorem report on this work.

eo qui persuadere vult Dionysius ita loqui 1620. See I, above.

ut dicat ferram volare interdum et mare.... Kindly examined for me by Professor Ruth qui dxooydAsE (948) quod sonat ebrius ver- Z. Temple. The Latin version is an interest-

tit Caliz, qui padre éntyOdvior (459) ie. ing combination of Stephanus, somewhat indigenae reddit viri terrestres et aia movdv- modified, with Ceporinus apparently in al47

GREEK AUTHORS

ternate lines. The opening lines read as 1712. See I, above.

follows : 1717. See I, above. Incipiens terramque et vastum mare (*) 1726. Reedition of 1704, above.

canere (reported) 1733, Marburgi: Philipp. Ca-

(Stephanus, substituting vastum from simir. Miillerus, in Veferum poetarum Grae-

Ceporinus for latum). corum poemata, Gr.-Lat., lines 1-57 only. Et fluvios, urbesque, et hominum dif- Kindly reported by Professor M. A. Shaaber. fusas nationes (Ceporinus). 1738. Reedition of 1704, above.

Mentionem faciam Oceani profunde 1761. Reedition of 1704, above.

fluentia: illo enim Biography:

(Stephanus) Henricus Stephanus (Henri Estienne, also Tota Terra velut insula interminata known as Henri II or Henri le Grand) was cincta est. probably born in Paris in 1531, though 1528 (Ceporinus) is also supposed. He was the eldest son 1620, Remis (Reims): Nicolas Constant. of the printer Robertus Stephanus and Gr.-Lat., with Greek Eustathius. BN. Kindly learned both Latin and Greek at home at an

examined by Professor Temple. early age ; before he was yet fifteen, he could 1658, Londini: apud Rogerum Daniel, help his father in editing Greek authors.

ed. and annotated Gugl. Hill. Gr.-Lat., with Stephanus travelled in Italy, England, and Greek Eustathius. Wing D-1519. BN;BM; the Low Lands during the period 1547-50 ; (DCF ; ICU; MBP) Kindly examined by in 1551 he rejoined his father who had mean-

Professor Temple. while fled to Geneva. During the next few

Note that the 1668 re-edition of this work years Henricus again traveled in Italy, and (Wing D-1520) contains the Greek text only. in 1556 he set up his own press in Geneva.

1676. See I, above. In 1559 his father died, and Henricus merged

(Reported) 1679, Londini: typis M [ary] the two presses. He was now one of the Clark, re-edition of 1658 above. Gr.-Lat., main printers of Geneva and had close

with Greek Eustathius. Wing D-1521. Bibl. connections with its leading figures, especialVat ; Marciana ; BN; BM ;(CtY ; ICU; MH ; ly with Theodorus Beza. His editions of OCU). Kindly reported by Professor Temple. ancient authors included 58 in Latin and 1688, Londini: M [ary] Clark, re-edition 74 in Greek, 18 of the latter being editiones of the same. Gr.-Lat., with Greek Eustathius. principes. Perhaps his greatest scholarly Wing D-1522. Marciana; BN; BM; (CtY ; work was the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae,

DLC; MBP]; MH; NNC). published in five large folio volumes in 1572.

1697. See I, above. The work nearly ruined Stephanus as a

1704, Oxoniae: e Theatro Sheldoniano, printer, partly because an abridgement by a ed. Edward Wells. Gr.-Lat., Stephanus’ disloyal assistant, Scapula, limited its sale.

prose version of Dionysius, with some verbal In his last years financial difficulties drove changes in both Greek and Latin. Bibl. Vat ; him from Geneva. After a period of wander-

Marciana; BM; (NNC). ing he died in poverty in Lyons in 1598.

(reported) 1705, Ratisbona: Jo. Geo. Hof- Works: Of the great number of his im-

mannus, ed. William Hill, auctaa G. H. Ursi- portant editions of the classics, we mention

no. Gr.-Lat. BN; Bodl. Kindly reported the outstanding: Poétae Graeci principes,

by Professor Temple. 1566 ; the works of Plutarch, 1572 ; the works (*) 1708. Londini (London) : J[ohn] Goud- of Plato, 1578. In French his most notable ge in usum scholarum. Gr.-Lat. NUC. BM ; writings were Apologie pour Hérodote, 1566 ;

(PMA). Deux dialogues du nouveau frangois italia(*) 1709. Reedition of 1704, above. nizé, 1578. 1710, Oxoniae (Oxford): e Theatro Shel- Bibl.: Note: There is a tremendous doniano. Gr.-Lat. With Eustathius in bibliography on H. Estienne ; many further Greek ; slight changes in the Stephanus titles will be found in the first two of the

translation. BM; (NNC). following items. A. Cioranesco, Bibliogra48

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

phie de la littérature francaise du seiziéme Innumeras, primus sed in hac mihi parte

siécle (1959) 304-07 ; Dictionnaire de biogra- canendus phie francaise LX XIII (1971) 96-99, by J. a ee

Neefs; G. Grente, Dictionnaire des lettres [Expl]: frangaises (xvié siécle) Paris, 1951, 311-313 Haurit aquas et Cimmerium per Bos-

by L. Cristiani ; Nouvelle biographie générale phoron arcto XVI (1856), reprinted 1965, cols. 517-53, Calle trahit, qua Cimmerius iuga frigida

by Ambroise Firmin-Didot; Sandys, A montis History of Classical Scholarship WW, 175-77. Aspicit atque imas Tauri tenet accola Léon Feugére, Essai sur la vie et les valies. cuvres de Henri Estienne (Paris, 1853) ; toln “ev woogy xvavavyéos Gugiteitns Auguste-Antoine Renouard, Annales de l’im- (line 169)

primerie des Estienne, 2nd ed. 2 vols Haec facies, haec Oceani splendentis

(Paris, 1843, reprinted New York 1960). imago. Manuscript:

10. JAcoBUS GUIIONIUS. (*) Paris, Bibliothéque Nationale, Fonds In 1597 Benigne Saumaize published a francais, ms 679, SCs 5. XVI, fol. 93 f.

. . . (Catalogue des manuscrits francais I, p. 69). French translation of Dionysius and acw . . . . . e are indepted to P. O. Kristeller for

comp anied it with a French commentary. calling the manuscript to our attention. The publication also included a Latin trans- Edition : lation by Guiionius of the first portion of 1597, Paris: A. Perier. Denys Alexanthe poem, the Oceanus (lines 1-169); the drin, De la situation du monde, nouvellement

translation is in verse and xata adda xal traduict du grec en francois et illustré.... otiyovs. We have no information on the par Benigne Saumaize. Adams D-651; circumstances of its composition except NUC. BN; Cambridge; (CtY ; MH). The what Guiionius tells us in the dedicatory Guiionius text occupies ff. 43°-46".

poem, that Saumaize through his French Biography :

translation had roused Guiionius’ Muse to Jacobus Guiionius (Jacques Guijon, 1542-

composition. 1625) was born in Autun, one of four sons

Dedicatory poem (ed. of Paris, 1597). Ad of the physician and classical scholar Jean Benignum Salmarianum in suprema_ Bur- Guijon. A student of classics in Paris and gundionum curia senatorem, Dionysii Gal- of law in Cahors and Toulouse, he returned

licum interpretem. to Autun, where for many years he held a

[Ine.]: government office. He married Anne SauMarte sub indomito iam tetraeterida maise, and was therefore related by marriage

totam to the translator of Dionysius into French. Imo iam lustrum musa trahebat iners Works : He wrote “pleasant Latin verses,”

wae according to his biographer, including an [Expl]: “elegant” translation of the beginning of (line 19) Quasque legis, studi, capto. the Dionysius poem. (The two occasional velut impete, versus poems by Jacques Guijon listed in the BN

Afflatus Musis, Salmariane, tuis. Catalogue are those of a later poet of the

Translation. Jacobi Guiionii Oceanus ex same name.)

Dionysio. Bibl.: Charles Weiss, “Jacques Guijon,” xata mda xal ariyous in Biographie Universelle, XVIII (n. d.), [Ine.]: 153 ; Jacobi, Joannis, Andreae et Hugonis Aggredior terramque simul latumque fratrum Guijoniorum Opera varia, ex bib-

profundum liotheca Philiberti de la Mare (Divione

Urbesque fluviosque et gentes promere [Dijon], 1658), reprinted as Vitae IV Fra-

versu frum Guijoniorum, in Christian Gryphius, 49

GREEK AUTHORS

ed., Vitae Selectae (Vratislaviae, 1711), pp. there is no serious discrepancy between the

118-161, re-ed. ibid. 1739. two versions; if Manitius calls the Guido

language “barbaric”, or (I would say) ex11. DouBTFUL TRANSLATION. travagant, the Greek is not exactly restrained. Millerus has called attention to aggestum

a) ANonymus B s. XII (7%) as a mistranslation (introduction to Diony-

In addition to the translation found in sius edition, p. xvi), which it is; but a case the Paris manuscript BN, Suppl. grec. 388 could be made for Guido’s translator, dis(see above, p. 35), a fragment of another pos- satisfied with the mere memories of the sible medieval translation has been found in Sybaris atrocities, trying instead to describe a 12th-century compilation by Guido of Pisa them : so replacing ywoapévoro with some of Italian geographical names and places. form of y@ouc¢ an earth wall.

For comment on ruined Sybaris, Guido The opposite problem appears in line

cites the Dionysius passage on that city: 373. Our ms. does not read orevayovoa Dionysius Ionicus qui Romae bibliothe- (gemens), as does the editio princeps, but carius per annos fuit XX et orbem metro pevoxovea (stalwart ?, resistant ?). How did

heroico graeco famine descripsit : est, in- our translator then arrive at gemens? quit, Iovis magnum latibuli aggestum from Guido’s text perhaps, or from another seductae Sibaris incolas gementis ru- Greek ms. It seems certain that Guido entes ob cultum Alphei oppressos. could not have been using the translation I cite from Ravennatis Anonymi Cosmo- of the Paris manuscript, not only because graphia et Guidonis Geographica, ed. M. of the two variant readings aggestum and Pinder and G. Parthey (Berlin, 1860, p. 466) ; gementis but also because four of the the editors identify the lines quoted as 372- words he uses (latibuli, magnum, seductae,

374 of Dionysius, and cite the original and oppressos), out of a total of eighteen,

Greek. Cf. the discussion of Guido in Mani- have nothing to correspond to them in the

tius (III 618-620). Paris version.

I give the Greek, and the two medieval It might be thought that Guido derived

Latin versions. his material from an earlier commentator, "Foti 0€ tot xaneOs, Adc and this may be so. So far as I find, the

Ms. Est non ibi(dem?) Iove only commentator to ascribe the fall of

Guido est latibuli lovis Sybaris to Jove’s anger was Scymnus of péya ywoapuévoto decdain Chios (noted in Bernhardy’s edition of Dio-

Ms. valde irato misera nysius, p. 613) ; Scymnus says nothing, howGuido magnum aggestum seductae ever, of an earth-wall, but gives the people L’Bagic, vaétac pEevdyovoa of Croton full credit for the destruction of

Ms. Sybaris incolas gementis Sybaris. (See the edition of Scymnus in MilGuido Sibaris incolas gemens lerus, Geographi Graect Minores, I, 210, lines REGOYTAS uNvauevovs dnEO 337-335 of the Latin version). I donot see that

Ms. ruentes debachatos super Avienus or Priscian contributed, or Eusta-

Guido ruentes oppressos thius. For the moment, we may suppose

alcav én’ Adgseiov yeodeoou only a translation by or for Guido of three Ms. iustum* in Alphej cultibus** lines of Dionysius or another partial or com-

Guido ob Alphei cultum plete translation of Dionysius of which no

* vel: plus certo other trace has been found.

** vel: sacris

Guido’s version is distinguished in line 372 b) BERNARDUS BERTRANDUS. by a significant variant in sense : aggestum for

irato, as if to mean that Jove had piled the Abel Matthaeus in 1556 published in Paris city under a great earth-wall. Otherwise a Latin translation of the extensive Greek 50

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

commentary by Eustathius on the Dionysius We return to Vienna. The interest of poem, himself translating also the Dionysius Cuspinianus in Dionysius did not flag. In lines as they were embedded in the commen- 1502 he was studying the text of the Avietary (see above, p. 42). The privilége of the nus version, as appears in his letter to Aldus book was dated 9 July 1556. In August 1566 Manutius which contained a number of another Latin translation of the Eustathius, queries on textual readings (Briefwechsel, pp. together with the Dionysius in both Greek 2-8) ; Aldus’ reply of 1503 (ibid., 8-10) does and Latin, was published in Basel per Ber- not answer the questions. In 1508 Cuspinianardum Bertrandum Rheginum Galloprovin- nus gave a course of lectures on Avienus, and Cialem, that is of Riez in Provence. Bertran- again had the text published in a form which dus described the Latin version of the poem has been highly praised for its improvement as one ad verbum; it was followed by the over the ed. princ. of 1488. (Cf. Van de Woe-

Eustathius commentary nunc primum in stijne, “Cuspinianus et le texte d’Aviénus,”

Latinum sermonem conversus. 1959, in the Avienus entry above).

The Matthaeus translation of Dionysius We have documentation of his work on can be seen from the Inc. and Expl. above the poem in the form of a_ notebook to be his own. The Bertrandus translation devoted to it: Vienna, Nationalbiblioof Dionysius, however, despite certain small thek : Ms. Vindobonensis 3227, of which I changes is clearly that made by Ceporinus have a microfilm. Its title is Commentarit

(1523 et seq.), and we have therefore in- in Dionysii Afri versionem metricam lattcluded this translation under 1556 in the nam. The ms. begins with five pages of

list of Ceporinus editions. textual notes (ff. 1-3). These are followed

by four pages (ff. 4-6) of lists of names of

COMMENTARIES places and peoples, perhaps those needing explication. Then begins the commentary

a) JOANNES CUSPINIANUS proper, which covers ff. 9-169 (339 pages). The commentary begins with the opening The incunabula editions of the transla- lecture on Dionysius, dated by his biographer tions of Dionysius by Avienus, Priscian, as Wintersemester 1508. A special feature and Beccaria contained no notes or com- of the commentary is the frequent quotation

ments. We might, however, guess that of passages from Priscian’s version at the notes were made, if not published, by at foot of a page. least two editors. In 1494-5, we have noted Commentarii in Dionysii Afri versionem

above, an edition of Priscian’s Dionysius metricam Latinam. (Vienna, Ms. 3227)

was brought out in Vienna, the first edition (fol. 9). [Inc.]: Verum est, quod proverbio of that translation by itself. The editor was dici solet, non semper arcum esse tenendum, Johannes Cuspinianus, who gave his first ne rumpatur, ideoque libera sunt interdum course of lectures at the University in that concedenda intervalla.../...{Ezpl. of the Winter semester on Dionysius, and for the opening lecture] Fuit et Dionysius Milesius purpose he had published the Priscian trans- historicus, qui res Persicas, quae post Dalation for his students (Ankwicz-Kleehoven, rium secutae sunt, scripsit Suida teste HaDer Wiener Humanist, p. 13). This is also a driano principi ob ingenium acceptus, cuius text without notes, and we do not have his Philostratus facit mentionem in Sophistis.

lecture notes. Ad nostrum redeamus, qui nobis geograIn 1497-8 the distinguished scholar Pom- phiam dedit. Conversa a Ruffo Festo Avieponius Laetus published in Rome an edition no poeta erudito et eleganti, qui per ea tem-

of Priscian which was headed “per Pompo- pora floruit..../... (The commentary ends nium correctus.” This is also a bare text indeed with the last fifteen lines of Priscian without notes. Laetus died in 1498, and the after a series of apostrophes with “Valete” notes on this text seem not to have survived. to the notablelands and seas as in the ending

ol

GREEK AUTHORS

of the poem). [Ezpl.]: aliquam inter mor- Hans Ankwicz von Kleehoven (Veréffenttales famam. At non quemcunque sed deum lichungen der Kommission zur Erforschung quaeso ut pro longo labore meo aliquam der Geschichte der Reformation und Gegen-

tribuat in posterum gratiam. reformation, Humanistenbriefe II) Miinchen,

Manuscript: 1933; Documenta Cuspiniana, ed. Hans

Vienna, Oesterreichische Nationalbiblio- Ankwicz v. Kleehoven (Archiv fir d6ster-

thek, cod. lat. 3227, s. XVI, fol. 9-169. reichische Geschichte 121, Heft 3) Wien,

(Tabulae codicum, II, 1868, p. 239). 1957. Edition:

Documenta Cuspiniana, ed. H. Ankwicz b. JOANNES CAMERS v. Kleehoven (Archiv fiir 6Osterreichische

Geschichte 121) Wien, 1957, pp. 115-116 In 1512 Camers edited at Vienna the

(opening lecture only). version of Dionysius ascribed to Priscian

Biography : or Fannius Rhennius, as we have indicated

Joannes Cuspinianus (Cuspinian, Speiss- above. The title-page promised Joannis haimer) was born 1473 in Schweinfurt in Camertis in eundem Commentariolum, makFranconia and died April 19, 1529 in Vien- ing this the first annotated edition of na. He studied first at Schweinfurt and Priscian. Indeed the notes enveloped brief then at Vienna, where he entered the Uni- passages of text, extending from fol. 3 to versity in 1491, and gave his first course of fol. 37. At the end Camers noted that lectures on Dionysius there in 1494. Cus- Cuspinianus gave him much help, including pinianus began his studies in philosophy, the loan of a Greek ms., and that Vadianus then turned to humanistic subjects and and Vuolfhardus aided him with their Latin finally to medicine. At the university he learning. He had no copy of Eustathius. was four times Dean of the Medical Faculty Dedication (ed. of Vienna, 1512). Ioannes and in 1500 Rector. After Celtis’ death in Camers, ordinis minorum, sacrae theologiae 1508 he succeeded to his chair. Meanwhile professor, reverendo in Christo patri, fratri Cuspinianus had attracted the attention of Theodorico Kanner eiusdem ordinis ac faculthe Emperor Maximilian and was more and tatis eiusdem Doctori eximio, provinciae more drawn into his service as diplomat and Austriae provinciali ministro benemerito. in other public capacities ; this service con- S.P.D. [Jnc.}] : Quantum vetustas conscriben-

tinued under the Emperor Charles and the dis conquirendisque atque servandis libris

Archduke Ferdinand. adhibuerit diligentiae, testis est inter caetera Works : (For a complete list of the pub- ingens librorum numerus in Aegypto a

lished works of Cuspinianus see Documenta Ptolemaeis regibus vel conquisitus vel con-

Cuspiniana 134-145). Editions of classical fectus. .. (other stories of Asinius Pollio, authors such as Florus, Sextus Rufus, Pru- the Septuagint, etc.) ... Sed hodie librorum dentius, Dionysius and, from the Middle exiguus est vel nullus amor. Divitias omAges, of Otto of Freising ; writings against nis fulvo sibi congerit auro. .. . Si qui tamen

the Turks, of which the most important ad nos boni autores deveniunt, hi ferme was the De Turcorum origine, religione, ac omnes plurimum depravati habentur et immanissima eorum in Christianos tyrannide ; mutili....Ambigo mecum saepius, pater historical works, including the posthumously optime, sit ne studiosis utilius carere libris

published De Caesaribus atque imperatori- an in his tam inversis tot aliunde utiles

bus Romanis. vigiles absumere noctis.

Bibl.: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie IV Legi ut scis amicorum rogatu his cani-

(1876) 662-664 by Horawitz ; Joseph R. von cularibus diebus Dionysium De orbis situ, Aschbach, Geschichte der Wiener Universi- quem (ut fertur) Priscianus Caesariensis tdt II (Wien, 1877, reprinted 1967) 284-309. transtulit in Latinum. Adhibitis exemplariHans Ankwicz-Kleehoven, Der Wiener bus fere omnibus, quae in hanc usque diem Humanist Johannes Cuspinian (Graz-K6ln, diversis mundi partibus excusa typis variis 1959) ; Johann Cuspinians Briefwechsel, ed. lectitantur, reperi, deum testor, hunc alias 52

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

libellum aureum tam insigniter depravatum qui (ut ab apostoli verbis terminem) pout in eo castigando natatore Delio quopiam tens est omnia facere superabundanter quae opus foret. Pro ingenii tamen nostri facul- petimus aut intelligimus secundum virtutem

tate, licet distractus plurimis, permulta quae operatur in nobis.

in eo loca in integrum, ni fallimur, restitui- (Epilogue). [Inc.] : Habes, reverende Pater, mus. Addimus insuper interimprimendum castigatius ut spero Graecum Dionysium (sic) ne nudus penitus prodiret in lucem per- Romane loquentem et in eum breve, ut brevem commentariolum eorum locorum, promiseram, commentariolum, tot dictatum quae vel obscuriora vel historias vel lati- diebus quot libellus ipse diebus excusus est, tantes fabulas complecti videbantur. Avie- hoc est diebus triginta paucioribus. Cuius ni praeterea, qui eundem Dionysium inter- rei ut impressores missos faciam, testes

pretatus est, loca non pauca turpiter de- sunt liberalium artium et Latinarum litte-

pravata emaculavimus. Sed huius lecturus rarum apprime studiosi Magister Ioachimus haec, collatis exemplaribus aliorum iudex Vadianus, ac Magister Adrianus Vuolfharesto. Vale felix. Duodecimo kal. Octobris, dus Transylvanus, mihi ob eorum ingenuos

1512. mores ac non vulgarem eruditionem chariIntroduction. [Inc.}] : In exponendis poetis, tate iunctissimi. Attulit non parvam opem

autore Servio, haec consideranda sunt: Ioannes Cuspinianus, saluberrimae medipoetae vita, titulus operis, qualitas carmi- cinae doctor, poeta candidissimus ac plunis, scriptoris intentio. .. (Camers notes the rimum de lingua Romana benemeritus, qui dispute about the birthplace of Dionysius mihi graeci Dionysii venerandae vetustatis

and about the authorship of the Latin copiam fecit. Quod si ad vota non satis

translation) ... Communis opinio est eum ip- lectoribus factum est, id velim cogitent, non

sum Dionysium a Prisciano celebri gramma- loca omnia nos exponendi sumpsimus tico in Latinum conversum. Hermolaus provinciam, nullum item interpretis huius Barbarus sexto Castigationum Plinianarum exemplar nos habuisse vetustum. Non libro, et secum plures, Rhennium Fannium affuit Eustathius qui Graece Dionysium hunc

transtulisse eundem existimat ... Camers copiose commentatus est. Breve rursus

goes through the topics outlined at the begin- tempus, plurima dictandi abstulit facultaning and notes the division of his work and tem. Sunt praeterea in manibus Solinianae

of the world...[Ezpl.]: Harum zonarum annotationes, quibus latius prosequemur quinque nomina sunt Arctica, sive Septen- hic obmissa (sic).

trionalis; Therinea aut Aestivalis; Iso- There follow two poems, the first by merine, aliter Aequinoctialis ; Chimerine, Camers himself, and the second by Adrianus

quae et Hyemalis; Australis postrema, Vuolfhardus.

Satis. Hexastichon

quam Graeci Notion nominant. Sed de his Eiusdem Ioannis Camertis vice Interpretis

Commentary. [Inc.]: Naturae genitor quae [Inc.]: mundum continet omnem (line 1). Invocat Qui modo nudus eram, membris lacer,

Numinis auxilium, cum sit de rebus trac- obsitus aevo:

taturus obscuris. Ardua enim res est (in- Hinc Latiis spretus, spretus et Argolicis

quit in primo Mela) orbis situm descri- we efees

bere. . ./...[Expl.] Omnipotens pro quo ge- [Expl]: nitor mihi praemia donet (line 1087). Finis (line 5) Restituit Cammers (sic) patriam

libelli, principio conformis omnino. Petie- mihi commodus oram rat enim Poeta in operis principio ex na- I celer hinc dixit. Quae mora? Carpe

turae genitore vim ac scribendi faculta- viam. tem. Ea igitur adepta, ab eodem praemium

postulat et mercedem. Ut enim res omnes Excellentissimo Sacrae theologiae et opin genitorem deum redigendae sunt, sic timarum artium professori Ioanni Camerti et rerum omnium actiones. Ab eo igitur ordinis divi Francisci, Adrianus Vuolfharactionum nostrarum praemia petenda sunt, dus Transylvanus. o3

GREEK AUTHORS

[Ine.]: in the edition some Annotamenta taken from Mosen litterulae beant repertae a manuscript of Coelius Calcagninus and a

Hebraeis referunt, suisque Graiae brief Annotatio taken from the Observationes

a pe of Calcagninus. Since Calcagninus had only [Expl]: been appointed lecturer in rhetoric and (line 25) Exultans [sc. Priscianus], timi- eloquence at Ferrara in 1509 (see Giuseppe

a dus nihil, superbit, Pardi, Lo studio di Ferrara. Ferrara, 1903,

Cunctis dignus amarier colique. 180), it seems that his notes on Dionysius

Edition : constituted his first academic enterprise.

1512. See I, above. Preface of the FEditor (ed. of Ferrara,

BiographyCamers : . . 1: , 1512). Johannes Maciochus litteratis omniJoannes (Giovanni Ricuzzi Vel, ; ssa ys lini) was born at Camerino c. 1450 and died bus qui usquam sunt. [Jne.] ; Scrip sit Diony-

4 4 4 3 > 3 +]

there in 1546. Camers was a Franciscan De. a ate maar sopulos oectam

hilosophy. He taught at the University montes, maria, fluminaeo amplexus. Transtuof Vienna from 1499-1528, where he served litid in Latinitatem Rhemnius Grammaticus, as Dean of the Faculty of Theology. His pu- licet hactenus plerique falso hoc Prisciano

pils included Quintus Aemilianus (Cimbria- adscripserint .... (the text is corrupt as cus) and Bernardinus Arianus, and he was passed down)... Nihil existimavi me vobis a friend of Marcus Musurus. After 1528, optatius allaturum quam et Graecam DionyCamers retired to Camerino where he re- sii meounynow i. ambitum (sic enim ille

mained until his death. opus inscripsit) et Rhemnii translationem Works: Editions of Claudian, Persius, quam fieri potuit detersam et pristino nitori Fenestella, Cicero, Florus, and Justin and restitutam, utrumque e Coelii Calcagnini especially of the classical geographers, viri Graece et Latine doctissimi bibliotheca Mela, Priscian, Solinus, and Pliny (for whom adducimus, Quando nihil libentius profitehe did an index); his notes on Mela were mur quam clarissimorum virorum adiumento censured by Joachim Vadianus, and he in edendis invulgandisque auctoribus ex hoc published a defense of them; De modo stu- penu litterario uti solere, ut ita fiat sors ex usudendi in ;utroque iure epistola, to Bernardinus ra. _ access commods quoeprobe annotationes Arianus Hemistichiorum moralium et pro- quasdam, breves quidem sed eruditas verbialium libri sex; a preface to the Eneo- adiunximus quibus et Pomponii (sc. Melae) miastica, ad divos Caesares of Quintus Ae- et Ruffi Festi, qui et ipse Dionysium ver-

milianus (Cimbriacus). tit, corrapssimusave mee in manus, Bibl.: Joseph Ritter von Aschbach, loca imo vulnera aliquot sanavimus. Eam Geschichte der Wiener Universitdt II (Wien, vero operam principem Rhemnio navavimus

1877 ; reprinted 1967) pp. 172-84; Cosenza et prope eucenta “ velpossent, castigovimes va II, 1819-21; V, 926-27; J. B. Sbaralea, quemadmodum castigari ostendi-

Supp lementum et Castigatio ad Scriptores mus... (Maciochus tells of his editing proce-

Trium Ordinum S. Francisci.... 2 (Rome dures for “Rhemnius’)... Excerptam etiam

1921) 121-23. ex ipsius Coelii observationibus annotatiunculam super Anchiale, quod ad rem praesen-

c. COELIUS CALCAGNINUS tem i. Rhemnii carmen pertinere intellege-

, bamaliiinserendam duximus. The Camers edition of Priscian was pubfortasse ampliora. Nos Dabunt ne plane igitur asymlished on November 23, 1512. On December boli prodeamus, haec quantulacunque in 18 Johannes Maciochus published the editio medium proferimus, sed ingenua voluntate princeps of the Greek text, together with atque animo candissimo o¢ yag év 6ABw ionv the Latin version he attributed to Rhemnius Lotoar dxacw én” avdgdow Onxato dairy grammaticus, with two hundred emendations (968-969) ut egregie Dionysius noster dixit.

of the Latin text. Maciochus also printed Valete feliciter, et nostris laboribus favete. a4

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

There follow the Greek text of Dionysius Edition:

and the version of Rhemnius. 1512, Ferrariae. See I, above.

Letter of the Editor. Johannes Maciochus 1522. See I, above. clarissimo naturae consulto Ludovico Bona- Biography: ciolo Sal. [Znc.]: Falluntur qui nihil existi- See CTC II, 318. mant in Dionysio Rhemnioque inveniri

quod ad te pertineat. Quid enim esse in d. Petrus MOSELLANUS

bonis disciplinis potest, quod ad Ludovicum Bonaciolum clarissimum non pertineat? The title of the Leipzig, 1518 edition of Qui cum in omnibus pedem naviter promo- Priscian reads: Dionysii...orbis descriptio verit, arripuit tamen sibi quasi e philosophiae in Latinos versus transposita, adiectis Petri

Sacrario peculiaremque facit naturae con- Mosellani Protegenensis scholiis, quae si templationem ... (accounts of geographical quid cum Graecis variet paucis ostendunt.

wonders in Dionysius and Priscian)... As the title suggests, and as Mosellanus [Expl.] : Gum tamen certum sit philosophiam makes plain in his preface, the main purpose divinarum humanarumque rerum scientiam of the scholia was to point out the differences

esse, quam definitionem nisi ab antiquis between Priscian and the original Greek, and pridem accepissemus, nunc poteramus tuo Mosellanus is very critical of Priscian’s in-

exemplo conformare. Sed et reliqua iam exactness.

perlege. Annotatiunculas enim et glosse- Dedication (from the article of G. F. Wensch mata quaedam in Coelii tui immo vero nos- cited below) Petrus Mosellanus Protegenensis

tri libro inventa quod plena bonae frugis Studiosis S. D. [Jnec.]: Rogarunt me his viderentur addenda curavimus. Quae si diebus quidam mihi familiariter chari iuveprobaveris, me fecisse operaepretium pu- nes studiosi, ut si per graviora negotia licetabo. Bene vale, dulce praesidium meum. ret, descriptionem orbis iam olim ex Dionysio Annotatiunculae seu glossemata e libro Graeco in latinos versus transpositam ad Caelii excerpta quae in margine legebantur. fontem revocarem, hoc est Graeci codicis [Inc.] @xeavoro (line 3). Oceanus terram om- collatione si quae variarent adiectis scholiis nem ambit aquas immittens et excipiens quae- ostenderem. Hanc operam non potui ne-

cumque terram irrigant, eum patrem appel- gare vel amicis, et de meo iudicio quasi

lant rerum qui ex humiditate constare omnia pendentibus, vel iusta imo et studiosis frualiaque auspicantur, a celeritate nomen nac- gifera petentibus. Quis enim nescit (modo tus .../... [Expl.] : axecivn flumina tot sunt in litteris vel mediocriter exercitatus) eun-

in India quot in reliqua Asia, quorum om- dem fere genium tralationum et migrationium maxima Ganges atque Indus, a quo om- num? Cui unquam domicilii mutatio tam nis illa regio nomen accepit. Utrumque sane cessit feliciter, quin aliquid e suppelectile maius quam Nilus vel Danubius vel si alterum inter migrandum intercidisse sibi tandem ani-

alteri iunxeris, quin et aliquanto maior mihi madverterit ? Quis autem interpres (praeter videtur Acesines Danubio et Nilo, ubi Hy- genuinam Graecanici sermonis gratiam, quam

daspe et Hydraote et Hyphasi receptis In- Latinis auribus appendere frustra coneris) dum influit. Arrianus in rebus Indicis autor. tam est Lynceus, quem transferentem non | Caelii Calcagnini observatio super Sar- etiam multa suffugiant ? Hic vero noster (quis-

danapalo, Tarso, et Anchiale Rhemniani- quis is tandem fuit) profundum adeo tametque carminis pensitatio, e libro annotationum siin opere non magno somnum admisit, ut eius excerpta. |Inc.]: Nemo est tam deplo- non modo versus multos, sed et integras hiratae desidiae, qui amore laudis non exci- storias ac nobilium urbium laudes quasi tari soleat, nemo tam absolutae infamiae, quasdam salebras transiluerit ; pro quibus,

, 55

qui laudatorem non invenerit.../... locis aliis, nescio quae fontium arborum ac

[Expl.]: qui apud Martialem eo carmine, lapidum miracula de suo velut pannos adsuit, Iura verpe per Anchialum (Epigr. XI, 94, 8) iustus scilicet qui hac arte superiorem iactuSardanapalum conditorem Anchiales et pecu- ram pensare studuerit. Haec atque eiusmodi liare Cilicum numen intelligendum putavere. alia adiectis ex Graeci codicis fide utcumque

GREEK AUTHORS

adnotationibus indicavimus veriusque expli- usum studiosorum, sed postea familiaricavimus, nonnullis etiam quae in Latino de- bus traductionibus, ne his quidem titulo pravata erant correctis. Hui, inquis, quam promissis, praeter opinionem accedentibus, hic alienis plumis se convestit, et massam ab effectum est, ut vix biduo natae annotatiunaltero pistam egregie repinsit! Equidem culae tantum in Dionysium prodierint, chalIoannem Camertem qui eandem provinciam cographo ob nundinas instantes ad absolante nos quamquam diverso instituto susce- vendum libellum urgente. Eas itaque quales pit, hominem fateor diligentem, et in evol- quaies sunt, gratis animis studiosi excipite, vendis auctorum libris laboris plane multi, indiesque cultiorem de ingenii modico nostro sed qui nostra cum illius commentariolo ageilo frugem sperate ad vos perventuram.

conferet, deprehendet spero nec homuncio- In Dionysii opusculum De situ orbis nem hunc post tantum virum prodigere aliquot annotatiunculae Ceporini. [JIne.]: verba, nec in chartarum perniciem scribere. Non quidem tota continuo orbivia (ljine 10). Bene valete et hanc paucorum dierum susci- Hic Dionysius non intelligit universam ter-

sivam opeculam boni consulite. Lipsiae ram, quae mathematicorum sententia, ut

Quinto Nonas Julias M. D. XVIII. caetera elementa, rotunda est.../...

Commentary. (ibid p. 7). Scholia Petri Mo- [Expl.]}: Haec in Dionysium non facile sellani. [Jnc.]: Ad vers. 1. sqq. Hii quattuor cuivis rati esse obvia carptim adnotaviversus non sunt Dionysii sed interpretis. Ad mus. Reliqua studiosus lector ex Ptolo19. (sic, for 12) Diony. sic habet. Ubitemplum maeo, Plinio, Strabone, Volaterrano, Mela,

est celeberrimum Amiclaei Canopi.. ./... commentariis Camertis et aliis suo Marte

[Expl.] : ad 1075. Addit Diony. causam. Soli commodius comparabit. Habent certe iam

enim, inquit, dei omnia possunt. omnes libri suos indices, quibus res innume-

Bibliography : ras scitu dignas ex autoribus levissima opera

G. F. Wensch, De Prisciano P. Mosellani, conquirimus. Nunc quod chartulae est Programm des Gymnasiums zu Wittenberg residuum complebimus in Aratum annota-

Editions: Editions: above. Biography :

(Wittenberg, 1847) pp. 1-10. tiunculis [which run to four pages].

(*) 1518, Lipsiae (Leipzig): Wolfgangus For the editions of 1523, 1534, 1547, 1553, Monacenus, No copy located ; see pp. 24-25 1561, and 1585 see above p. 40.

1847, in G. F. Wensch, De Prisciano. See above p. 40.

Wensch prints the dedication and all the

notes of Mosellanus. BM; (NNC). f. ABEL MATTHAEUS e. Jacosus CEPORINUS As has been noted above (see p. 42), Abel

Matthaeus published in 1556 his Latin verWhen Ceporinus edited the Graeco-Latin sion of Eustathius and his own verse transla-

edition of Dionysius, Aratus, and Proclus tion of Dionysius. At the same time he in 1523, he planned, according to his title- added fifty-two pages of notes.

page, to include annotations on all three A. Matthaei Interpretis quaedam brevissi-

works. But the printer was eager to have mae Annotationes (ed. of. Paris, 1556) [Znc.] : the book ready for the impending fairs, and Magnis peregrinationibus ita a me confec-

Ceporinus in the two days available to him tis, totoque orbe demum perlustrato, stahad time only to compose some notes on tim ad studium legum animum adpuli mihi Dionysius, together with a very few on precipue propositum, in quo citra pulcher-

Aratus. rimam naturae varietatem videre ipse viAddress to the Reader (ed. of Basel, 1523). deor hortos bene consitos Hesperidum, et Ceporinus Lectori. [Jnc.]: Consilium erat Tempe voluptuaria Thessaliae, vel Mediae, singulis hisce opusculis, sicut in libelli princi- vel Cyreneae.../...[Exzpl. :] Hesiodus quopio eramus polliciti, aliquantum scholiorum que loquens de re nautica sermonem suum de paupere nostra Minerva subiicere in hymnum vocat, et Euripides pro vaticinio 06

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

seu divinatione hymnum usurpavit, atque Andreae Papii Gandensis in Prisciani e

de iis hactenus satis. Dionysio Periegesin notae. [Inc.]: Ad titu-

Biography: lum. Libellum hunc, sicut et De ponderibus

See above under I], 7. et mensuris poema, Prisciano aliquando attri-

butum, docti viri Rhemnio Fannio tran-

g. ANDREAS PAPIUS scripserunt, qua auctoritate non satis scio.. ./

...[Eazpl.]}: Ad eundem igitur modum loWhen in 1575 Papius produced a critical quitur paulo ante versu 569 : Quarum demonedition not only of the Greek Dionysius but strem positum regionis et oras, et mox 694: also of the version by Priscian (see above Hoe igitur pelagus quae gentes undique cin-

p. 44), he added notes both to the Greek gunt / Incipiens numerem, primis aquilonis

text and to the Latin version. The notes ab oris.

were largely textual but also contain other There follows the Greek text, with Latin

material. translation, of Musaeus. Title. Andreae Papii in varias Dionysii Edition:

Lectiones notae. 1575. See I, above. To the Reader. [Inc.}: Quamvis in hasce Biography : notas, benigne lector, nihil aliud referre See p. 45, above.

cogitabam, quam quod ad editionis meae,

cum ab illa Roberti Stephani, quam alias h. HEnrR1icus STEPHANUS

ubique sequor, discedit, rationem reddendam

faceret.../...[Expl.]: confido tamen faci- Following the text of Eustathius in his

le omnes mihi daturos, nullius prorsus exem- 1577 edition, Stephanus added sixteen pages

plaris antiquitatem adversus Graeculorum of notes (pp. 143-58). These consist partly variandae scripturae libidinem parem auc- of the selected comments by earlier writers,

toritatem habere potuisse. Vale. partly of new comments by Stephanus.

Notae. [Inc.] Versu 6. Plerique omnes;scri- To the Reader (ed. of Geneva, 1577).

bendum hic putant éfutéon BeBavia maxima Henricus Stephanus Lectori.

sine dubio ratione, nam eam lectionem et [Inc.]: Quum ego, dum hoc Dionysii Priscianus aperte tuetur.../... vers. 1178 poematium Latine interpretarer, nonnulla qu(idam) plurali numero dv0éor ; Eustathius (ut fit) in ipsum annotassem, postea vero dy@ei agnoscit. Minium enim ait a Dionysio et aliorum quorundam in idem notae in vocari dvO0¢ Aoovoins yc per periphrasim. manus meas venissent, placuit (ut labori

Haec habui, benevole lector, quae de tuo parcerem) non seorsum annotationes

varietatibus annotarem. In quibus si tam singulorum edere, sed quaecumque e singupauca quae aliquid habent operaepretii lis visa essent excerpenda, tibi sub uno asesse indignaberis, nihil mirabor. Mihi qui- pectu ponere, et quidem autoris nomine dem hercle, si cui merito alteri, hae quis- ubique praefixo. (These commentators are quiliae saepe bilem, saepe iocum, ut ille Ceporinus, Morelius, Papius. the last two ait movere, taedium vero semper. Devo- dealing especially in textual variants).

randum tamen fuit. Vale et fruere. [ Expl.] : Nonnulla etiam quae eadem opera

Preface to the edition of Priscian and the in Eustathii commentariis observavi, ad notes on it. Andreas Papius Lectori. [Inc.]: quorundam locorum partim emendationes Cum Dionysii Alexandrini de situ orbis partim explicationes et diversas non paupoema, una cum Latina interpretatione mea corum lectiones pertinentia, tu quoque ea-

hortatu C. Laevini Torrentii avunculi ac dem opera, si tibi videbitur, percurres. Maecenatis mei in lucem emitterem.../... A sub-title reads Henrici Stephani Anno[Expl.]}: Quae passim praeter Dionysium tationes...Aliorum quorundam annota-

adiicit, unde petita sunt (e Solino autem tiones. ,

omnia sunt) nequid desiderares, admonui. [Inec.]: Pagina 1, principio, JIJNA. Locus Quid effecerim, benigne lector, tuum erit hic Pindari extat initio odes decime Olymjudicium. Vale. III Ki. Sextiles Louvanii. piorum, [the Greek text follows]. (Of the 57

GREEK AUTHORS

133 notes in the sixteen pages, 102 are his in De vroegste Uitgeven (1959, see the note on own, 16 are from Ceperinus, 7 from Moreli- the 1488 edition, above), Appendix III. He

us, 8 from Papius). included the readings of this edition in his

[Expl.]: v(ersus) zdvty 6’dy (line 1104) critical edition in the Uitgeven. Legitur et od non dy; et tunc videtur scri- Like Cuspinianus in the preceding item,

bendum do. Modestus seemingly published this text for Editions etc. See p. 47 above. the use of his students. He was a lecturer

,1. Douptru. in rhetoric and poetry at the University SE LENTARY: ANTONIUS of Bologna from 1512 to 1515 (Umberto ‘ Dallari, J Rotult det Lettori ... dello Studio

In the preface to his edition of Avienus of Bolognese, 1888, I 216, II 6, 8, 12). A Ms. Bologna, 1513 (see p. 28 above for descrip- volume of some of his speeches there has tion), Modestus notes that he has composed a been discovered by Professor Kristeller commentary on Avienus but does not believe (Iter Italicum, II 89) in the Biblioteca Civi-

that it is quite ready to be published. ca Gambalunga in Rimini, where it is listed Eram commentarios in Avienum editurus, as Ms. 4 D II 38 (41 fols.). It includes a praesul optime, verum ii quia nondum satis prefatory letter to Cardinal [Julianus] de maturuerunt, praesertim cum tibi dicati in Medicis [the future Clement VII], legate to publicum sint exituri, tantisper certe apud Bologna [1515-1519] ; an oratio de sacrarum me supprimentur, dum sub incudem revo- literarum studiis in psalmos; another de cati aliquantulum perpoliantur, et si quid poetice et oratoriae laudibus Bononiae ha-

primae foeturae properatione inculti con- bita; an oratio funebris Ferrariae habita traxerint, diligentius limae attritu paula- pro Luca a Ripa; and an oratio de bonarum tim deponant.....Sed dum ipsi commen- artium disciplinis in Plinium et Avienum

tarii in officina adhuc versantur, Avienum (fols. 32-41%). Perhaps he hoped to make a tibi recognoscendum transmisi, cuius ingen- book out of these mainly academic lectures, io dicendique lepore scio plurimum delec- of which the last would have been a lecture

taberis,... quod si quid tamen desidera- in his course which included Avienus. bitur, futurum spero commentariorum dili- Whether Modestus actually wrote a com-

gentia id totum pensabitur....Sed de mentary on Avienus I do not know. His

immortalibus illius laudibus tuisque Averol- literary history includes both poetry and dis cum nostra exiverint commentaria, plu- oratory : a Carmen ad invictissimum Caesa-

ra audies. Vale. rem Mazimilianum (Viennae, Johannes Win-

Despite these very definite references to terburg, 1509); and an Oratio ad Carolum the commentary, no trace of it appears to Caesarem contra Martinum Lutherum (Rohave survived. Van de Woestijne has re- mae, per. I. Mazochium, 1520: B.M.; reprinted the dedication of Modestus’ edition ed., Argentine, 1521: BN).

58

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

Ill. TABLE OF EDITIONS OF THE TEXT, TRANSLATIONS,

AND COMMENTARIES OF DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES | The initial shows the Gr after a translation indicates its appearance in the same volume

translator published with the Greek

in the same volume. A in the same volume with another translation * with other works of the same translator ® with other authors

Eu is Eustathius

*1470 ,

(sreek Avienus __— Priscian Beccaria Ceporinus Commentaries *1472 *[1475] *[ 21475] *1475-6 *1476

1477 1478 *1481 01482 *1485

*1495 |

°*1488 *1488

*1492 1494-5

[c.1495] *1496-7 [c.1497]

1501

[c.1497-8] 1498

*1500 after 1500 . 1499 1499

*1503 1504

1508 *1509 1508 Cuspinianus

15121512 1512 Camers 1512 (P) 1512Gr Calcagninus 01513 1513 *1511

a

1514

1515 1516

*1516

1518 1518 Mosellanus _—

01521 |

01518 01519 *1519 01519 *1520

359

GREEK AUTHORS

Greek Avienus Priscian Ceporinus Lemnius Commentaries

1522 (P) *01523Gr 1522Gr 1522 1523 (C) 1523Calcagninus Ceporinus 01526 *1528

n.d. Beccaria 1534 (C) *01534Gr 1534 1534 Ceporinus 01543 0[154- 2] 1543

1538

1545

1547 (C, Pr) 0*1547Gr °*1547Gr 1547 Ceporinus 01553 (C, Pr) 0*1553Gr °*1553Gr 1553 Ceporinus Matthaeus 1547 Eu

1556 Eu (C) 1556Gr 1556 Eu (in Bertrandus Eu) 1559 (Pr) 1559Gr

*1561 (P, C) A *01561Gr A *91561Gr 1561 Ceporinus 01566

Papius

01575 (Pr, Pa) A 91575Gr A °1575Gr 1575 Papius 1576

Stephanus

01577Eu (S) 1577Gr 01577Gr 1577 Stephanus 1577 (P)

01585 (Pr, C) A *01585Gr A *°1585Gr 1585 Ceporinus A 91590 A 91590 A 91596 A 91596 Guijonius A 01599 A 91599 1597 (part)

°1606 [1607(S) 2} Stephanus °1606Gr 1603

1607

©1608

A 901619 A 1619

1620 (C, S) 1620Gr 1620Gr 1620Gr

1633 A 91632 A 91632 1633

1658Eu (S) and 1658Gr 1658 Stephanus 1668Eu Gulielmus Hill 01634

Papius 1676 (Pa, S) 01676Gr °1676Gr 1679Eu (S) 1679Gr

1688Eu (S) 1688Gr

1704 (S) (S) 1705Gr 1704Gr 1705 1708 (S) 1708Gr

1697Eu (P, S) A 1697Gr 1697Gr

60

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES

Greek Avienus Priscian Papius Stephanus

1709 (S) 01710Gr 1709Gr 1710Eu (A, S) 1710Gr

01712Eu (A, P, S) 01712Gr 01712Gr 61712Gr

1718 (S) 1718Gr 1726 (S) 1726Gr 1736 (Pa) 1736Gr 1738 (S) 1738Gr Politus 01715

A91717Eu (A, P,S) >

Critical edition: ed. R. Da Rios, Aris- opere de Architectura suo pleraque ex . Aristoxeno, ait, Harmonica transcriptoxeni Elementaut harmonica, Roma 1954. . turus praefatur totam hanc musicam litera-

TRANSLATION turam obscuram esse et perdifficilem prae-

sertim cul graecae literae ignotae sint. Quod 1. ANToNIus HERMANNUS GOGAVA ideo hic refero, ut quam ille sibi veniam dari

perplexae orationis postulat, eam multo

The translation was completed at the magis eodem in argumento mihi quoque

request of Gioseffo Zarlino and dedicated to deberi memineris. Valete nostramque ope-

Vespasiano Gonzaga, Dec. 1, 1561. ram boni consule. Epistula I: ... Vespasiano Gonzagae Translation. [Inc.|]: Cum de cantu scien-

Antonius Gogavinus Graviensis .. .[Inc.]: tia varias in partes et in plures divisa species Cum in diem natalem tuum diuque exopta- sit, unam quandam ex ipsis opinandum est

tum ad nos reditum offerre tibi aliquid et esse harmonicam .../.. .[Eapl.j: Quod auipse de more cogitarem, nec Byzantinam tem non accidit plurifariam collocari in historiam absolvere per medicinae factitan- diatessaron partes ad se mutuo quam quot dae negotia potuerim, visum est non ab re diximus facile est intelligere. fore si, quorum editionem forte adornabam, Epistula III (p. 46): P. Prandus lectori.

Aristoxeni et Claudii Ptolomaei hactenus [Inc.]: Habes, candidissime lector, Arisdesideratos Harmonicorum libros tuo no- toxeni opera, quae adhuc ob graecarum li68

MUSICI SCRIPTORES GRAECI

terarum imperitiam abstrusa Gogavini in- TRANSLATION dustria ac studio in latinum sermonem pro-

dita sunt .../... [Expl]: haud dubito 1. JOHANNES FRANCISCUS BURANA?

quin Gogavae maxima lausI tribuatur atque , , ,

eiusdem labores alios videndi quis desiderio nehunen fovam (Mila rae nto) Fear, non incendatur, quales edere in dies bene chino Gaffurio lists “Bacchius among ‘the

consulentibus studene Vale. Greek authors translated at his instance. The fact is confirmed by Pantal -

Gogava used very likely the codex Vene- golo in his biograph - Gaffurio (A. Ca zia, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Z. graec. retta. ‘La biografi . a F. Gaffur; » ae 322 (711). R. Da Rios, Aristorent Elementa lau den XXVIII A 9° in oe shng Get

. nchino Gaffare dition Roma 1954, p. 72. furto, Lodi 1951, pp. 23-4). However the

_ text of thi

1562, Venice : Vincentius Valgrisius, pp. 7- he ane. c CXL (201) of the Bibliotecs Capi.

. . , , u eller, : i A. , reco heim 1965], pp. 3-31. > PP. tev ee eee ot ET of ton tins an tolare in Verona (P. O. Kristeller, Jter, II,

_ ? _- P . 296), that contains the translations of

international des sources musicales, Series B, Aristides Quintilianus, Anonymus Bell VI, vol. I (1971) 95. BM , BN > DK , Bo mannianus and Manuel Bryennius made for logna, Civico museo bibliografico musicale, Gaffurio by Johannes Franciscus B

with corrections and notes by the hand of there is. on folios 44-47 lv th Crock

Ercole Bottrigari; (DLC). Reprinted byR. s+ of Baoohine’ treaticg, reek Westphal . Quid sit ‘aggerem in muni- 42; Renouard, Estienne 61. BN ; (CaOTU).

tionem conicere’ comminisci non potui. 1546, Friburgi Brisgoiae (Freiburg im

Utrum aggestam terram in fossas conicere? Breisgau): Stephanus Gravius. Valpy V Ceterum nimis concise hunc finit librum, 2054 ; Schweiger I 42 ; NUC. Milan, Biblioterritus, opinor, magnitudine eius ad reli- teca Ambrosiana ; (NNC). quos, sed res non est tanti. Annot. in lib. 1546, Lugduni (Lyons): Apud Seb. Gry-

VII. Finis. phium. Valpy V 2054; Schweiger I 42; 106

CAESAR

Adams G-766 ; NUC. BN ; Vatican Library ; ing the date of composition. In his Dedica-

(CtY ; CU; NIC). tory epistle, Rhellicanus explains that he 1548, Basileae (Basel) : Per Nicolaum Bry- had been delivering public lectures on Caesar

ling. Schweiger I 42; NUC. BM; (PU; at Berne ‘twelve years previously’ ; aremark

PPULOC). at Gallic War I. 51. 2 generatim constiterunt 1552, Venetiis (Venice): Johannes Gry- (sic; p. 86) fixes the date at 1529 (‘Atque

phius. Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale. haec mea coniectura fuit dum primam foe(*) 1554, Basileae (Basel): Per Nicolaum turam Bernensibus discipulis dictarem anno Bryling. (Reported by Ev.-luth. Pfarramt 1529’). He notes that he is the first to com-

‘St. Annen’, Annaberg). ment on Caesar, observing that he has only

(*) 1558, Basileae (Basel). Valpy V 2005. ‘heard’ of unpublished ‘commentationes’ 1561, Basileae (Basel) : Per Nicolaum Bry- produced by Henricus Glareanus (see above

ling. Adams C-46; NUC. BM; Milan, Bib- I. 3) some years earlier.

lioteca Ambrosiana ; (IU). This is an extraordinary statement in (*) 1563, Basileae (Basel): Per Nicol. view of the fact that three editions of the Bryling. Valpy V 2055; Schweiger | 42; Glareanus commentaries had been printed

Adams C-48. by 1540, the date given at the end of the (*) 1566, Basileae (Basel): Per heredes epistle. O. F. Fritzsche (see Bibl.) has sug-

Nicol. Bryling. (Reported by Schlossbticher- gested that the declaration of ignorance was

ei, Mannheim). prompted by Rhellicanus’ desire to avoid a 1569, Venetiis (Venice): Ex bibliotheca controversy with his compatriot, and the

Aldina. Valpy V 2056; Schweiger I 42; 1540 date appears to be an attempt to

Renouard, Alde 207; Adams C-52; NUC. lend credence to his assertions. Rhellica-

BM; BN; Vatican Library ; (DFo). nus may also have felt that he deserved to

1575, Basileae (Basel) : Per heredes Nicol. be considered the first commentator on

Bryling. Adams C-62; NUC. (CtY). Caesar by virtue of his lectures on this

1575. See above, Composite Editions. author which are earlier than those of Gla-

1579, Basileae (Basel): Ex officina Bry- reanus. This reasoning notwithstanding, it is lingeriana. Geneva, Bibliothéque de 1’Uni- still clear that Glareanus has the honor of

versité. publishing the first commentary on Caesar.

1581, Basileae (Basel): Ex officina Bry- The comments of Rhellicanus cover a lingeriana. Schweiger I 43; NUC. BM; broad range, dealing with geographical,

(PlatS ; PPULC). military, ethnographical, and stylistic ques(*) 1583, Basileae (Basel): Ex officina tions. That he was particularly interested

Brylingeriana. Schweiger I 43. in the Helvetian campaign is evident from

1591. See above, Composite Editions. the annotations on book [ of the Gallic War 1606. See above, Composite Editions. which are very long and contain digressions 1669. See above, Composite Editions. on the history, government, and monasteries 1706. See above, Composite Editions. of Zirich. A convenient list of his sources 1713. See above, Composite Editions. (ancient, medieval, contemporary) follows

1727. See above, Composite Editions. the Dedicatory epistle, and they include

Biography : such authors as Livy, Lucan, Varro, Am-

See CTC II 343-344. mianus Marcellinus, Bede, Rudolf Agricola,

Philippus Beroaldus, Hermolaus Barbarus,

4, JOHANNES RHELLICANUS Politian, Beatus Rhenanus, and Aegidius Tschudi. For the charge of Johannes Bran-

Dedicated to Laurentius Agricola (Lor- tius that Aldus Manutius Junior plagiarized enz Ackermann) and Leonardus Hospinia- from Rhellicanus, see below I. 9.

nus (Leonhard Wirt), and first published Dedicatory epistle: (ed. 1543, Basileae, in 1543, his commentaries on all five Wars Basel: Per Hieronymum Curionem) Io. are notable for their lengthy annotations Rhellicanus Laurentio Agricolae Vitodurenand the claims alleged by the author regard- si et Leonardo Hospiniano Stammenio amicis 107

LATIN AUTHORS

s.d. [Znc.]: Cum ante duodecim annos, op- nobio Steinensi sub annum natalis domini timi amici et fratres, Bernae honestissimo MDXXV ductu Tigurini senatus sacras stipendio conductus publicum bonarum lit- litteras profiterer, cum utroque simul non terarum professorem agerem et inter alia infeliciter renovata est. Tum enim mutuis disertissimos Caesaris commentarios studio- beneficiis, colloquiis et conviviis litteratis sis praelegerem, pauculas quasdam anno- alii alios iuvabant et oblectabant. In quatatiunculas tantummodo in discipulorum me- rum rerum perpetuam memoriam et animi orum usum effudi potius quam scripsi. mei erga vos gratitudinem, hasce lucubraEasdem amici quidam non plebei Johannes tiones vobis nominatim dedico rogoque ut a

Wirtius Brugensis et Nicolaus Artopoeus malevolorum et vitiligatorum sannis et Balingius, nunc Curiensis, tunc vero Dunen- rhonchis eas tueamini. Non enim defuturos

sis iuventutis moderator, ut doctissimi ita sat scio qui clamitent ‘Quis hic novus et

et pientissimi viri, ut describerent, utendas semidoctus scriptor qui primus in Caesaris

accepere. Tandem, Leonarde noster, et tu commentaria enarrationes scribere ausus

iisdem non tantum diu usus es, verum etiam (quod hactenus ob negotii perplexitatem in

aliis eas communicans et tuo et aliorum tanto eruditorum virorum proventu nemo nomine multis a me contendisti ut vulga- aggressus est)?... Quod utinam docti ac

rem... Quando autem de die in diem acrius sinceri viri, quisque in sua regione (quae a instares ac idem improbius a me pro antiqua Caesare describitur), illustranda conarentur, nostra amicitia flagitares, demum flagitan- in spem erigerer fore ut multi loci in eo tis improbitate victus manus dedi, ac eas obscurissimi perquam lucidi redderentur. annotationibus in Caesarem elimandis ac Quod et propediem futurum spero. Etenim locupletandis adieci. Quid enim quis rei audio apud D. Henricum Glareanum poepraesertim honestae amico tam veteri, caro, tam Helvetium ac virum de melioribus sincero, constanti ac erudito negaverit? litteris optime meritum commentationes in Has igitur magno quidem sudore et sub- eundem Caesarem iam aliquot annos delisicivis tantum horis elaboratas et utcumque tescere. Quas si hisce meis quamlibet inabsolutas nemini iustius dedicandas censui conditis ut publicentur extorsero, an non quam vobis, idque multis nominibus. Ut satis magnum studiosi hinc emolumentum enim taceam quod Leonardo impulsore capient? Sin vero alicui magis placet conistae elucubratae sunt et non ita pridem viciatorem quam disputatorem mecum ageChristianis poetis ab eodem donatus (sic), ar- re, per me quidem ei licet. Nec enim Christo tissima etiam cum utroque amicitia mihi iam duce et auspice criminatorem recriminabor,

olim intercessit. Siquidem cum altero, hoc sed hoc unum ei nunc occino, ut ipse aut

est Laurentio Cracoviae in Sarmatis, sub meliora edat, aut si non potest, aliena eruditissimo viro D. Rudolpho Agricola sugillare desinat.../...[Eazpl.]: Quocirca juniore Wasserburgensi, poeta et oratore non est quod multis vobiscum hac de re clarissimo, praeceptore communi, politiori- agam, quin potius rogem ut animi mei erga bus litteris et studiis geographicis sub an- vos benevolentiam et gratitudinem potius num domini MDXVII operam dedimus. quam tenue hoc et chartaceum quidem muCum altero circiter vigesimum secundum nusculum respiciatis, et Rhellicanum vestri supra millesimum quingentesimum Witen- studiosissimum et amantissimum (ut hacbergae in Saxonibus a DD. Martino Luthero tenus fecistis) pari studio et benevolentia et Philippo Melanchthone, praeceptoribus foveatis redametisque. Valete feliciter. Tinostris doctissimis fidis semperque ob id guro, pridie nonas Apriles, anno MDXL. nobis reverendis, simul cum Graecis litteris, Praefatio. Johannes Rhellicanus, Praeartibus disserendi ac dicendi, sacrosanctae fatio in Caesaris commentaria. [Inc.] : Quan-

quoque theologiae rudimenta pro nostra doquidem in omnibus rebus et dicendis et virili hausimus. Et quamquam ista necessi- faciendis ordine recte servato nihil metudo iuvenilibus annis contracta, non tamen lius et luculentius est, ne ab illo aberre(quod plerumque fieri solet) nobis viris iam mus, visum est eum ordinem in hisce com-

factis soluta est. Quin immo cum in coe- mentariis enarrandis servare, quem Ser108

CAESAR

vius inter Latinos legionem ex Galliae citerioris praesidio educgrammaticos celeberrimus praescribit : nem- tam, et nunc XIII in eius locum missam esse

pe ut primum auctoris vita, deinde operis narrat, quae praesidia tueretur, ex quibus titulus, tertio scripti qualitas, quarto aucto- XV deducebatur. Unde et superior locus ris intentio, quinto librorum numerus (cui in hoc eodem libro recte expositus esse cernos historiae fructum addemus), sexto auctor nitur.

ipse explicetur .../...{E2p.]: Sic igitur Editions:

Eutropius in iam citato libro < Breviarium (micro.) 1543, Basileae (Basel) : Per Hieroab urbe condita VI. 17> ait ‘Anno urbis con- nymum Curionem. Valpy V 2053. BN ; Va-

ditae sexcentesimo nonagesimo octavo... tican Library; Wolfenbittel, Herzog-AuGalliae autem tributi nomine annum im- gust-Bibliothek. peravit HS quadringenties Germanosque 1606. See above, Composite Editions. trans Rhenum aggressus maximis proeliis 1669. See above, Composite Editions.

vicit’. 1706. See above, Composite Editions. Commentary (books I-VIT). Johannes Rhel- 1713. See above, Composite Editions.

licanus, Annotationes in C. Iulii Caesa- 1727. See above, Composite Editions. ris commentariorum de bello Gallico librum Biography: I. {Ine.]: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes Johannes Rhellicanus (Johann Miller) was tres. Cum bellum a se cum Gallis gestum born c. 1473 at Rellikon (hence his Latin descripturus esset Caesar, haud abs re fuit name) in the canton of Zurich and died 1 quod Galliam primum omnium una cum par- January 1542 at Biel. tibus ipsius descripsit ; iuxta illud Ciceronis A poet as well as a biblical and classical in Officiis ‘Omnis _institutio, scholar, he studied geography and literature quae a ratione suscipitur, a definitione pro- at Cracow in 1517 under Rudolph Agricola ficisci debet, ut intelligatur id de quo agi- the Younger, and Greek, rhetoric, and theol-

tur’ .../...[Exzpl.]: Matisconae. Haec ogy at Wittenberg in 1522 under Luther and urbs voce nonnihil truncata ‘Macon’ iam Melanchthon. He served for a time at the

vocatur. Frauenmiinster in Zitrich and in 1525 was

Argumentum (book VIII). [Inc.] : Principio instructing the monks of the monastery at novam Gallorum defectionem ac bellum cum Stein in sacred scripture. From 1528 to Biturigibus gestum describit ; secundo Car- 1538 he gave public lectures on sacred and

nutes fugatos, tertio Bellovacorum ac re- profane letters at Berne; two of his colliquarum civitatum deditionem .../... leagues were Kaspar Megander and Sebas[Expl.]: Octavo et ultimo eiusdem profec- tian Hoffmeister. He then returned to tionem in Italiam et quae civilis belli inter Ziirich. In 1541 he became pastor of the Pompeium et Caesarem semina exstiterint church at Biel and died the following year.

docet. Works : His poetic compositions include a

Commentary (book VIID : Johannes Rhel- poem on the library at Berne (found in the licanus, Annotationes in Auli Hirtii derelic- edition of Kaspar Megander’s commentary

forum de bello Gallico librum VIII. [Inc.]: on the epistle of Paul to the Galatians, Auli Hirtii derelictorum. Hirtii istius men- Ziirich, 1533), an ‘Epistula monitoria’

tionem facit Cicero lib. VII epistularum ad addressed to Ztirich (found in the edition of Atticum in prima epistula sub finem . Et ex efusdem libri epistula (quae Paul to the Ephesians, Basel, 1534), and incipit ‘Dionysium flagrantem’ ) verses on the Mons Stockhornus (Basel, cum Hirtium, tum Balbum (cui hic liber 1537). He also translated Megander’s catededicatus est) Caesaris studiosissimum fuisse chism from German into Latin. In addition

apparet ... Superioribus atque insequentibus to annotating Caesar, he translated Plueius scriptis (VIII. praef. 2). Supple VII tarch’s life of Homer into Latin. libris de bello Gallico, III de bello civili.. ./ Bibl.: F. A. Eckstein, Nomenclator phi-

..([Bzpl]: In Italiam mittit. Id est, in lologorum (Leipzig, 1871) 388; O. F. Frit-

Togatam Galliam. Modo enim dixit XV zsche, Glarean, sein Leben und seine Schriften 109

LATIN AUTHORS

(Frauenfeld, 1890) 105-106 ; Historisch-bio- panded, thereby suggesting that he congraphisches Lexikon der Schweiz V (Neuen- tinued to work on the subject. Glandorpius burg, 1929) 191 ; K. Goedeke, Grundriss zur maintained his interest in didactic poetry as Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung II (Leip- well, for each book of every War is preceded zig, 1886) 94; Jécher III 730-731 and Er- by an elegiac argumentum. The commentary

ganzungsb. V 65-66; H. J. Leu, Allgemeines on the Gallic War deals with points of helvetisches eydgendssisches oder schweit- geography, military terminology and strazerisches Lexicon XV (Ziirich, 1759) 243- tegy, style, philology, and textual difficulty, 244; J. Simler-J. J. Frisius, Bibliotheca tn- and includes allusions to, and quotations stituta et collecta primum a Conrado Gesnero from, a broad range of sources (Strabo, Ci-

(Zurich, 1583) 490; Schottenloher II 17965 cero, Horace, Juvenal, Livy, Pliny the

and V 48873. Elder, Tacitus, Vegetius, Virgil etc.). Glandorpius was fond of citing parallel passages

5. JOHANNES GLANDORPIUS from authors whose works contained some account of Caesar’s campaigns and career,

Reiner Reineccius (Reinhard Reineke, namely Appian, Dio Cassius, Plutarch, Eu1541-1595), Glandorpius’ most famous stu- tropius, Florus, and Suetonius. He also dent, edited and published the commentaries knew, and had evidently consulted, the on the five Wars at Leipzig in 1574, ten editions of Caesar produced by Johannes years after the death of their author. In Jucundus and Philippus Beroaldus as well his Dedicatory epistle addressed to Hennin- as the commentary of Henricus Glareanus.

gus Hamelius (Henning of Hameln) and Glandorpius’ commentary on book VIII Henricus Paxmanus (Heinrich Paxmann), ends, rather curiously, at VIII. 47. 1 ibi

he indicates that they are based on his cognoscit Commium Afrebatem. There follows

own notes of Glandorpius’ lectures. Since immediately an ‘appendix’ to the book

Reineccius began his studies with Glandor- consisting of an argumentum in elegiacs and

pius in 1555 and remained with him until notes on the remainder of book VIII. The 1559, the commentaries as wenow have them explicit of the commentary on book VIII can be dated to this period when the latter given below is taken from this ‘appendix’.

was teaching at Hanover and Goslar. Gothofredus Jungermanus, editor of the

It should be noted, however, that Glan- 1606 Frankfurt edition of Caesar, observed dorpius had commenced his work on Cae- that there were ‘innumerable’ typographical sar more than twenty years previously, for errors in the 1574 printing of Glandorpius’ he seems to have first lectured on the Com- annotations.

mentaries in 1534 while at Marburg. The Dedicatory epistle: (ed. 1574, Lipsiae,

same topic was the subject of his lectures at Leipzig: Andreas Schneider) Clarissimis Braunschweig in the summer of 1547. In viris sapientia, doctrinae eruditione, digni1551, probably while he was still at Hameln, tate, virtute ornatissimis D. Henningo Hathere appeared his Silva (see Works), a poem melio doctori iureconsulto, consiliario Bran-

in elegiacs whose opening lines inform the deburg. et I. Henrico Paxmano doctori reader that it is intended to serve as a medico, professori Francofurt. ad Viadrum,

preface to lectures on the Gallic and Civil dominis et patronis suis summa observantia Wars (‘Gallica lecturus deinceps et civica colendis s.d. Reinerus Reineccius Steinhebella/prodita Caesarea gestaque bella manu/ mius. [Jne.]: Diu multumque egerunt mecarmine praefandum duxi, vos oro, favete’). cum amici, egerunt ii, quos condiscipulos As he had promised, the Silva does indeed olim habuissem, ut quos (sic) exceptas stucontain material of a prefatory nature, for diose a me Scirent viri clarissimi Johannis example, a description and eulogy of Caesar, Glandorpii in commentarios Caesaris annoSketch of the war, and general historical tationes edendo publicarem. Videbant enim remarks. The annotations as they appear et argumento me delectari et, quod idem stuin the 1574 edition also have a praefatio, the diorum genus tractare coepissem, praestare content of which is similar but much ex- id commodissime posse censebant. Ad haec 110

CAESAR

honoris Glandorpii praeceptoris optime me- colere uterque Glandorpii memoriam per-

riti habendam rationem ostendebant et severaret. Cum quidem te etiam, Paxmane, consulere me in commodum publicum debere expetere id familiariter meminerim ut lamonebant ‘quando scilicet constaret quod borem hunc aliquis Glandorpii scripta eden-

ille parte ista operae pretium fecisset’. di susciperet, quippe quo et de praeceptoris Quamquam vero neque studiorum mihi agi existimatione et interesse reipublicae

ratio neganda esset, neque ea de nobis exis- censeres. Quem animum cum non possem timatio perquam honorifica non posset ve- non vehementer amplecti, etiam fructum hementer grata esse, et debere me Glandor- aliquem eius referre in primis debebas. Acpio, debere studiis communibus perspicie- cedebat huc denique quod labores Glandorbam, denique constare etiam in amicos of- pii nulli magis debebantur quam quorum ficlum nostrum cupiebam, erat tamen quod adulescentia ita his informata esset, ut ab cunctantiores nos faceret adeoque instituto eo veluti fundamento ad grandiores illas eo propemodum depelleret. Quia enim iurisprudentiae et medicinae disciplinas proGlandorpius in editionem numquam incu- gressi, nunc inter discipulos Glandorpii erubuisset, opinionem de se praebuisse videtur, ditione doctrinae, dignitate et in rempublialia ipsum elaboratiora et luculentiora con- cam meritis loco principe emineant.../...

scripsisse quorum hoc brevi commentario [Expl.]: Ego is inveniar qui studii debiti

tantummodo gustum aliquem dare volue- reddat officia, quae proficisci a grato animo rit. Deinde haud eram nescius reprehen- possunt, neque horum in me meritorum vos sione quorundam non cariturum quod scrip- paeniteat, faxo sedulo. Excellent. v. bene ti alieni publicationem suscepissem, quasi et feliciter valeat. E Mysorum (sic) Lipsia inde ipse gloriolae aliquid venarer. Quorum XII Kal. April. MDLXXITITI. alterum de Glandorpio ut haud plane nega- Praefatio. Johannes Glandorpius, Annoverim, quippe qui historiarum et antiqui- tationes in librum primum commentariorum tatis cognitione eximia fuerit ; ita cur haec C. Iulii Caesaris de bello Gallico. [{Ine.]: propterea supprimerentur causa nulla erat. De cognomento et appellatione Caesaris. Quod enim hic fidelis interpretis ab Glan- Primus Caesarum in gente Iulia id cognodorpio praetermissum officium? Quanto mentum tulit quod vel caesus matris utero studio probatae lectiones inquisitae? Quam vel cum caesarie natus esset, vel bello Puniaccurate loca difficiliora explicata? Addo co elephantem occidisset in Africa, qui ibi his brevitatem eruditam, addo historiae enu- Caesa, ut alii Caesar, appelletur.../... cleationem diligentem . .. Interim tamen ne- [Expl.}: Quod ad genus dictionis attinet, que hoc omittendum erat quod cum Glan- Caesar inter Livium et Sallustium medius dorpium in prima adulescentia audiverimus, incedit. Nam cum Livius sit copiosissimus, quae aetas minus omnia assequitur, in re- Sallustius brevissimus, Caesar mediocritacognoscendis exceptis haud mediocrem la- tem tenet in verbis ubique nitidus et eleborem exanclaverimus. Quem si non im- gans, quam singularem eius curam fuisse probatum iri cognoverimus, erit quod nobis supra rettulimus. gratulemur, isque deinceps in reliquis Glan- Argumentum (in elegiac couplets): Argudorpii commentariis proferendis simili studio mentum lib. I.

cognoscatur, contendemus. Ceterum cum [Zne.]: Caesar ut Helvetios per Gallica tam more quam peculiari etiam ratione rura paratos / irruere et valida sensit adesse libello huic patrocinium aliquod adiungen- manu.../...[Expl.}: Fortia victrici produm esset, viri clarissimi, ab excellentia fligat pectora dextra / laetaque fit dempto vestra id potissimum uti peterem causae Sequana terra iugo. hortabantur, quod ambo Glandorpium haec Commentary (books I-VII): [Ince.]: Gallia profitentem adulescentuli audivissent, ambo omnis divisa. Divisio haec est Galliae Coma-

ut in reliquis eruditae doctrinae partibus, tae seu Transalpinae quae, quemadmodum ita in hoc etiam studiorum genere ei debere scribit Hieronymus se faterentur. Nec me praeteribat quo grati ad Gerontiam (sic), Alpibus et Pyrenaeis, animi studio, qua meritorum testificatione Oceano et Rheno continetur. Nam quae in111

LATIN AUTHORS

tra Alpes descripta ad Rubiconem usque Later he went to Wittenberg where he

extenditur Cisalpina, et ab usu togae Gal- studied with Melanchthon, and did further lis cum Latio communi Togata nuncupata work afterwards at Rostock and Cologne. est.../...[Ezpl.]: Reservatis Haeduis at- A controversy arose, probably around 1530, que Arvernis. Notabile est quod memorat involving himself and his Catholic colleague Plutarchus < Vifa Caesaris XXVI. 4> de Heinrich Vruchter of Olfen, and resulted in Arvernis suspensum in templo gladium com- the exchange of invectives from both parties.

monstrare solitos tamquam captum a Cae- In 1533 Glandorpius returned to Minster sare spolium; eum sequenti tempore Cae- as rector of the Domschule. He went to sarem conspicatum risisse ac amicis detra- Marburg in 1534 and succeeded Hermann here volentibus non permisisse quod rem Busch as professor of history, but seems to sacram existimaret. Id hoc bello accidisse have left this city by 1536. He married in non est dubium. Plutarchus ad superiora 1542. With the help of Melanchthon, he tempora refert, sed eius narratio cum hoc obtained the rectorship of the Lyceum MarCaesaris commentario minus convenit. tineum in Braunschweig and remained there Argumenium (in elegiac couplets): Argu- until 1548 when a dispute with the super-

mentum lib. VIII. intendent, Nicholas Medler, prompted him to [Inc]: Opprimitur Biturix nova dum give up this position. Here the sources for

sibi comparat arma / Carnutes profugos ver- his life become confused, but Glandorpius

sat agitque timor.../...[Ezpl.]: Sic Cae- appears next to have obtained the rectorship

sar victos longo certamine Gallos / sub iuga at Hameln in 1551. It is certain that marital

Romani compulit imperii. troubles made his stay in that city a brief Commentary (book VIII): Johannes Glan- one. Despite pleas from various quarters, dorpius, Annotationes in A. Hirtii derelic- Glandorpius insisted upon a separation from forum de bello Gallico librum_ octavum. his wife, resigned his post, and assumed the

[Inc.]}: A. Hirtii. A. Hirtius, amicus et rectorship in Hanover, also in 1551. When

familiaris Caesaris, discipulus Ciceronis, de- he encountered gibes from school officials

signatus consul a Caesare, proximo post regarding his marital situation as well as caedem eius anno in ipso honore contra An- opposition to his policies, he left Hanover in

tonium pro libertate pugnans interiit ... 1555 and set out for Wittenberg. On the /...[Ezpl]: Cognoscit per M. Marcellum. journey he was accompanied by many of

Glareanus existimat legendum ‘C. Marcel- his students, one of whom was Reiner Reilum’ quod is hoc anno consul fuerit cum neccius. Tilmann Heshusius, superintendent L. Paulo. Quod etsi verum est, lectio tamen at Goslar, met Glandorpius en roufe and mutanda non erat. Omnino enim Caesari offered him the rectorship there. Glandorper dolum hae legiones ereptae sunt, quo pius accepted the position and remained in tempore metus de bello Parthico fuit. Goslar until the end of 1559 or beginning of

Editions : 1560 when he became rector at Herford.

(micro.) 1574, Lipsiae (Leipzig) : Andreas Retiring from this office in 1563, he died

schneider. Adams G-753. Leipzig, Uni- a year later.

versitatsbibliothek. After Glandorpius’ death his son Ambro1606. See above, Composite Editions. sius edited a number of his father’s works, a

1669. See above, Composite Editions. task later taken over by Reineccius who 1706. See above, Composite Editions. eventually wrote a biography of his teacher 1713. See above, Composite Editions. (see Bibl.). Other students of Glandorpius 1727. See above, Composite Editions. include Henningus Hamelius and Henricus

Biography : Paxmanus to whom Reineccius dedicated

Johannes Glandorpius (Johann Glandorp) his edition of Glandorpius’ commentary on was born in Miinster 1 August 1501 and died Caesar.

in Herford 22 February 1564. Works: Silva in enarratione commenta-

He studied first at the Domschule in riorum C. Iulii Caesaris de bello Gallico et

Minster and became a lector there in 1522. civili (Frankfurt, 1551); Disticha ad bonos 112

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mores paraenetica (Magdeburg, 1553); De- Homer, Plutarch, Ammianus Marcellinus, scriptio seu genealogia gentis Antoniae (Leip- Cicero, Orosius etc.) and several humanistic zig, 1557); Familiae Iuliae gentis etc. Item scholars (Philippus Beroaldus, Gabriel Faer-

distichorum variarum rerum et sententiarum nus, Dionysius Lambinus, Valerius Palerliber secundus (Basel, 1576); Onomasticon mus, Johannes Vincentius Pinellius, Ful-

historiae Romanae (Frankfurt, 1589). In vius Ursinus). His notes, however, on addition to his commentary on Caesar, Glan- Gallic War VIII and the Alexandrian War

dorpius also annotated the Epistulae ad do not seem to be on the scale of a comfamiliares of Cicero (Basel, 1580) and trans- mentary ; as in the case of Brutus’ scholia,

lated Greek epitaphs into Latin. A number they are almost exclusively listings of of polemical works addressed to his con- variant readings and conjectures. For the

temporaries are extant. charge of Johannes Brantius that Aldus Bibl.: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie TX plagiarized from Johannes Rhellicanus, see (Leipzig, 1879) 208-210 (Hdlscher); Eck- below I. 9 and Renouard, A lde 213.

stein 196 ; Goedeke II 8; Hoefer XX 785; In a letter to Aldus dated 13 December Jécher II 1014; Michaud XVI 612; W. 1570, Rome, Matthaeius expresses his gratiPékel, Philologisches Schriftstellerlexicon tude for the dedication of the scholia to (Leipzig, 1882) 95; Schottenloher I 7114- himself (Milan, Bibi. Ambrosiana E 37 inf., 7116. f. 124; no. 1490 in E. Pastorello, L’epistolaA. Overmann, Johannes Glandorp 1501- rio manuziano: Inventario cronologico-ana-

1564 (Miinstersche Beitrage zur Geschichts- litico 1483-1597, Florence, 1957). | forschung, III. Folge XVIII. Heft, Minster, Dedicatory epistle: (ed. 1571, Venetiis, 1938) ; K. Léffler, ‘Glandorp gegen Vruchter. Venice: Aldus Iunior in aedib. ManutiaEin kleiner Beitrag zur miinsterischen Schul- nis) Hieronymo Matthaeio Romano protogeschichte’, Zeitschrift fiir vaterldndische notario apostolico ac utriusque signaturae Geschichte und Altertumskunde (Westfalens) referendario Aldus Manutius Pauli f. Aldi

69 (1911) 86-95; R. Reineccius, ‘Vita Jo- n.s.p.d.[Inc.]: Magna sane inter mortales hannis Glandorpii’, in De M. Tulli Ciceronis dubitatio semper fuit atque adeo maxima,

morte ef monumento (Helmstedt, 1589). Hieronyme Matthaeie, bellicane virtus an litterarum praestantia primas sibi vindicet,

6. ALpus MANUTIUS JUNIOR et id quidem iure dubitatur. Nam, si mili, tiam spectemus, qua in re magis non modo Although Aldus’ interest in Caesar goes vires nostras verum etiam prudentiam osback to at least 1566 when he corrected the tendere possumus?... Is (sc. Caesar) cum

text in an edition containing textual variants ex aedibus nostris denuo emittendus esset, compiled by Johannes Michael Brutus, his committendum non putavi ut, cum multum commentaries were not published until 1571. in aliis scriptoribus laboris impenderim, In the Dedicatory epistle addressed to Hier- meam in hoc diligentiam possit quisquam reonymus Matthaeius (Girolamo Mattei), he re- quirere. Quantum igitur potui, elaboravi ut fers to his ‘annotations’, while the title page emendatior prodiret quam usquam antea.

describes them as ‘scholia’, a designation Quod si non plane assecutus fuero, non which was perhaps intended to indicate tamen laborem meum irritum prorsus esse

their rather brief nature. Nevertheless, they iudicandum, qui, si non omnia, multum certe

may be considered to constitute commen- praestiterim. Absoluta propemodum editaries on the Gallic (books I-VII), Civil, tione, meque de inscribendo libro patriaeque African, and Spanish Wars since they con- reddendo cogitante, ecce peropportune se sist of geographical explanations, historical nobis obtulit Iulius Iacobonius, quem in parallels, philological observations, and solu- Italiam ex Pannonia Germaniaque redeun-

tions to textual problems for which he tem Venetiis mecum commorari aliquanconsulted editions and manuscripts. He tisper volui ut, qua iuvenis doctissimi meiquotes approximately thirty ancient and que amantissimi familiaritate et virtute post-classical authors (Appian, Herodian, plures annos Romae usus sim, eandem nunc

113

LATIN AUTHORS

longo satis intervallo regustarem. Is igitur, 1588, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Aldum. cum ego ei meum de Caesare consilium com- Valpy V 2059 ; Schweiger I 44; Renouard,

municarem, nihil affirmavit posse a me hoc Alde 240; Adams C-75; NUC. BM; BN; tempore fieri aptius aut laudabilius quam Vatican Library ; (CtY ; DLC ; MH). si, Caesarem cum ederem measque in eum 1588, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Floravanannotationes, Romano homini dicarem. Cum tem a Prato. Rome, Bibl. Angelica. vero simul nobiscum reputaremus cui dan- (*) 1590, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Aldus esset, tu praecipuus nobis occurristi, dum. Valpy V 2059 ; NUC. (CU).

cui maiora omnia debentur.../...[Ezpl.]: 1593, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Minimam Hoc unum non omittam: tibi me semper Societatem. Rome, Bibl. Corsiniana. tuisque virtutibus ita devinctum fore tam- 1600, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Floravanquam si unus de tuis essem, idque me non tem Pratum. NUC. Vatican Library ; (1U).

hoc praecipue officio voluisse ostendere ; 1605, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Petrum verum alia cum hoc tempore deessent, no- Ricciardum. Genoa, Civica Bibl. Berio.

luisse committere ut interim signum. ali- 1606. See above, Composite Editions. quod, etiam si minimum, propensi ad te 1609, Venetiis (Venice): Apud _ heredes colendum amandumque animi deesset. Vale. Petri Ricciardi. Vatican Library.

Venetiis, Kal. Nov. MDLXX. 1616, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Jacobum Commentary: Aldus Manutius Pauli f. Sarzinam. Valpy V 2061 ; NUC. BM; (CU; Aldi n., Scholia in C. Iulii Caesaris de bello NNC). Gallico librum I. [Inc.]: Lingua, Vide Stra- 1669. See above, Composite Editions. bonem, lib. [IV ... 1706. See above, Composite Editions. /.. [Expl]: Huius anni rebus cognitis ete. 1713. See above, Composite Editions. Parisienses : ‘His litteris cognitis’ etc. Gry- 1727. See above, Composite Editions.

phii liber, ad oram: ‘His rebus litteris Cae- Biography:

saris cognitis’ etc. Aldus Manutius (Aldo Manuzio) was born

Editions: 13 February 1547 in Venice and died 28

1571, Venetiis (Venice): Aldus [unior in October 1597 in Rome. He was the eldest aedib. Manutianis. Valpy V 2057; Schwei- child of Paulus Manutius (1512-1574) and ger I 43; Renouard, Alde 213-214; Adams Cateruzza QOdoni. In order to distinguish C-54; NUC. BN; Vatican Library ; (CtY). him from his famous grandfather Aldus Pius 1574, Antverpiae (Antwerp): Excudebat Manutius (1449-1515), he is generally reChristophorus Plantinus. Valpy V_ 2057; ferred to as Aldus Junior (Aldo the Younger).

Schweiger I 43; Ruelens, Annales planti- Aldus was rigorously educated by his

niennes 148 ; Adams C-59 ;s NUC. BM; BN ; father who was very desirous that he enter

(MiU). the family printing concern. While still a 1574. See above, Composite Editions. child, he seemed to give every indication 1575. See above, Composite Editions. that he would not only equal his father and 1575, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Aldum. grandfather in learning, but even outstrip Valpy V 2057 ; Schweiger I 43; Renouard, them. He responded quickly to instruction Alde 221; Adams C-63; NUC. BM; BN ; and earned warm praise from Marcus An-

Vatican Library ; (DFo; MiU). tonius Muretus during a visit in Padua. Two

Reprint: 1576, Venetiis (Venice): Apud scholarly works published by the Aldine Aldum. Valpy V 2058; Schweiger I 43; press in 1556 and 1559 bear Aldus’ name as Renouard, Alde 224; Adams C-64. BM; author, but, since he was still so young, his

Vatican Library. father is thought to have been actually (*) 1580, Venetiis (Venice): Johannes responsible for them. In 1561, when he was

Maria Lenus. NUC. (NNC: NPV). fourteen years old, there appeared under

1581. See above, Composite Editions. his name the Orthographiae ratio which 1584, Venetiis (Venice): Apud Floravan- is generally acknowledged to be his. He tem a Prato. Renouard, Alde 235; Adams published a revised and expanded version

C-70 ; NUC. (MH). of this treatise in 1566, having profited from 114

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a three year stay in Rome (1562-1565) where literature at Pisa. He felt that he could not

he was associated with his father in the refuse so tempting a post, and moved to

Vatican printing establishment. Pisa in 1587. However, he left for Rome

Returning to Venice in 1565, Aldus con- towards the end of 1588 to fill the chair of tinued his scholarly pursuits in obedience to Muretus (f 1585) which had been left vacant his father’s wishes. In 1568, however, he re- in the hope that he would occupy it. Having

belled against the destiny that appeared to decided to make Rome his permanent

await him, and announced his intention of residence, he ordered his library to be sent

Studying law at Padua. He spent only a to him from Venice. Pope Clement VIII few days in that city because of the death later made him director of the Vatican of his uncle at Asola in November of that printing establishment. In 1596 he finally year. After the news reached him, he went succeeded in obtaining an annulment of

to Asola to receive his inheritance and there his marriage. led a rather dissipated life for several months. The family of the Manutii came to an end Upon his return to Venice, he abandoned his with Aldus’ death in 1597 since his children plans to take up law and resumed his studies had all died at an early age. His learning

as well as his work at the printing firm. and ability, though generally recognized, Difficulties arose in this area with his cousins are not considered to be on a par with that

Bernardo and Girolamo Torresani who, of his father and grandfather, and it has after they were unable to buy or rent the been suggested that he owes much of his Aldine establishment, set up their own reputation to their achievements. printing house. From 1574 on this rival Works: Eleganze della lingua toscana e firm does not seem to have been successful. latina (Venice, 1556); Le epistole famigliari

The Aldine house also fell into disastrous di Cicerone...corrette da Aldo Manutio financial straits, and pecuniary factors (Venice, 1559) ; Orthographiae ratio (Venice,

undoubtedly played a role in Aldus’ marriage 1561 ; issued in a revised and enlarged edi-

(1572) to Francesca Giunta, daughter of tion at Venice, 1566 and in an abridged Bartolomeo Giunta, proprietor of the suc- version entitled Epitome orthographiae at

cessful Florentine printing firm. Venice, 1575); Locutioni dell’epistole di At the death of his father Paulus in 1574, Cicerone (Venice, 1573); Della nuova scielta

Aldus became head of the Aldine press and di lettere di diversi nobilissimt huomini continued the typographical and commercial (Venice, 1574); De quaesitis per epistolam association with the Giunta firm. In 1576 he libri III (Venice, 1576 ; concerning its conalso began to teach literature at Venice. fusion with a similarly titled work by Aulus He went to Milan in 1582 and was welcomed Janus Parrhasius, see Renouard, Alde 468) ; by Cardinal Carlo Borromeo ; it was on this It perfetto gentil’huomo (Venice, 1584); Lo-

journey that he saw Torquato Tasso in cutiont di Terentio (Venice, 1585; his last prison at Ferrara. Despite the moderate work printed at Venice); Vita di Cosimo success that he enjoyed with the family de’Medici, primo Gran Duca di Toscana printing house, Aldus turned to new pursuits (Bologna, 1586); Lepidi comici veteris Phi-

in 1585 when he accepted the chair of lodoxios fabula (Lucca, 1588); Instruttione rhetoric at Bologna which had been left politica di Cicerone scritta in una pistola a vacant by the death of Carolus Sigonius in Quinto il fratello (Rome, 1588); Varie de1584. At this time he also appears to have scrizzioni di ville di C. Plinio Secondo (Rome, become definitely estranged from his wife, 1588) ; Le attioni di Castruccio Castracane

and this difficult personal situation may degli Antelminelli (Rome, 1590); Lettere have barred his admission into the order of volgari (Rome, 1592). He also edited the the Cavalieri di Santo Stefano. Aldus did De Bononiae laudibus oratio of Benedictus

not stay long at Bologna, for his Vita di Morandus (Rome, 1589). ,

Cosimo de’ Medici (Bologna, 1586) attracted Besides his work on Caesar, Aldus edited the attention of Francesco de’ Medici (son and annotated Sallust (Venice, 1563), Cenof Cosimo) who offered him the chair of sorinus (Venice, 1581), Cicero (Venice, 1583), 115.

LATIN AUTHORS

and the De laudibus vitae rusticae of Horace Also contained in the 1574 edition is (Bologna, 1586). His commentary on the Hotomanus’ De aliquot rei bellicae instrumen-

Ars poetica of Horace was published at tis observatio, and his interest in weapons Venice in 1576. His annotated edition of and war machines is often reflected in his Velleius Paterculus (Venice, 1571) was criti- commentaries. In addition, many of the cized because he had inserted, without proper annotations have to do with textual probacknowledgement, notes of Claude Dupuy lems, and he frequently refers to the ‘codex

(see Renouard, Alde 466-467). antiquissimus Stephanicus’, a manuscript

Bibl.: Cosenza III 2143-2146; Enci- belonging to MHenricus Stephanus (Henri clopedia italiana XXVI (Rome, 1951) 184- Estienne). This codex has not yet been 185 (T. De Marinis) ; Hoefer XX XIII 310- identified. Stephanus is known to have had 315 ; Jécher III 124-125 and Erganzungsb. in his collection at least one manuscript of

IV 622-623; Michaud XXVI 394-395. Caesar, namely Paris, Bibl. Nationale Lat.

E. Bartelucci, Genealogia e discendenza 5767, Gallic War (s. XITI). dei Manuzio, tipografi-umanisti-editori dei The Dedicatory epistle, which varies acsecoli XV-XVI (Florence, 1961); T. Gas- cording to the issue, is sometimes omitted parrini Leporace, ‘Le “provanze” di Aldo altogether in certain copies of the 1574 Manuzio il Giovane per essere ammesso edition perhaps intended for circulation in nell’ordine dei Cavalieri di Santo Stefano’, Catholic countries. The version given below Contributi alla storia del libro italiano. is taken from the copy at the Folger ShakeMiscellanea in onore di Lamberto Donati speare Library, Washington, D. C.

(Florence, 1969) 165-186; E. Pastorello, Dedicatory epistle: (ed. 1574, Lugduni, Bibliografia storico-analitica dell’arte della Lyons: Apud Bartholomaeum Vincen-

stampa in Venezia (Venice, 1933) 293, 319 tium) Generosissimo et splendidissimo adu(index), L’epistolario manuziano: Inventario lescenti Guidoni Comiti Lavallio Franc. cronologico-analitico 1483-1597 (Venice, Hotom. lurisc. s.d. [Znc.} : Munus tibi affer1957), Inedita manutiana 1502-1597. Ap- tur a me, generosissime Comes, quod spero pendice all’inventario (Florence, 1960); Re- non huic tantum aetati tuae et studiis in

nouard, Alde 217-255, 461-481. quibus nunc versaris, sed etiam in omne

posterum vitae tuae tempus magnas ad res

7. Franciscus HoToMANUS perutile tibi futurum esse. Commentarii videlicet rerum aC. Caesare gestarum, quas

His commentaries on the Gallic (books non testis aliquis ex visu vel auditu comI-VIII) and Civil Wars were dedicated to a memorat sed auctor ipse qua manu summas member of the Coligny family and appeared res gessit, eadem res illas immortalitati at Lyons in 1574. That Hotomanus had, commendavit ; qui denique rebus post hohowever, been doing some work on Caesar minum memoriam maximis non modo inten years prior to their publication date is terfuit, verum etiam cum immortali laude

evident from his comment at Gallic War I. et gloria praefuit...Quod opus cum a

34. 3 atque emolumento: ‘Foedus error, et typographo paratum ac iam in publicum quem tamdiu in his libris haesisse plane in- emittendum esset, multis de causis ut tibi, dignum est. Corrigendum molimento... generosissime Comes, dicarem atque inHaec me ante decennium scripsisse testes scriberem sum adductus. Primum ut te habeo innumeros. Post vero Faerni editae ad institutum studiorum curriculum cursunt notae, in quibus hoc idem ab illo ani- rentem quidem ut spero, cohortarer, in madversum cognovi. Itaque ab exemplis quibus praeclaram usque adhuc operam proferendis supersedebo’. The humanist in posuisti... Iam vero ut alteram tibi huius question is Gabriel Faernus whose emenda- instituti nostri rationem exponam, non tion was reported by Fulvius Ursinus in the mediocriter me ad hoc consilium fortissimi 1570 Antwerp edition of Caesar (p. 27: et praestantissimi viri Francisci Colonii pa‘Alque emolumento. ‘molimento’ reponebat rentis tui recordatio cohortata est.../... Faernus ex manu scripti libri auctoritate’.) [Expl.]: Quod ut Deus opt. max. pro sua 116

CAESAR

perenni ac perpetua in te benignitate faxit spent his last years revising his works which tuamque adulescentiam ornamentis omnibus were then published in their altered form in fortunet, ex animo ab eo peto quaesoque. three volumes (1599-1600). The commentaVale, generosissime Comes, et salve. X. ry on Caesar is found in vol. III under the

Kalend. Mart. MDLXXIIIL. title ‘Notae renovatae’, but nothing seems

Commentary (books I-VI): Franciscus to have been changed. Adams H-1054. Hotomanus, In comment. Caesaris notae. BM; BN; Vatican Library. {Inc.}: Commentariorum. Plutarchus 1606. See above, Composite Editions. < Vita Caesaris XXII. 2> épnpueoidas appel- 1669. See above, Composite Editions.

lat. Kaioao inquit év taic épnpeolor yé- 1706. See above, Composite Editions. yoagev. Melius Strabo dnourjuata lib. 4... Postea vero 1727. See above, Composite Editions. consuetudine sensim factum est ut libri Biography : omnes commentarii dicerentur quasi qui Franciscus Hotomanus (Hotomannus)

ab initio instituti essent, ut domi contineren- (Francois Hotman) was born in Paris 23 tur, neque in vulgus ederentur. Cuius rei August 1524 and died in Basel 12 February

exempla passim apud Ciceronem extant. 1590.

Gallia omnis. Immo, non omnis certe. Nam His family was originally from Breslau. omnis in partes quattuor dividitur quartaque The oldest of eleven children, Hotomanus pars, quae ab Allobrogibus ad Pyrenaeum studied law at Orléans at the age of fifteen

montem extenditur et Narbonensis appel- and then returned to Paris in order to latur, praetermissa est .../.. .[Ezpl.] : Sup- practice. However, the chicanery and inplicatio indicitur. Stephanicus et alter anti- trigues which he encountered disgusted him, quissimus ‘redditur’. Post haec autem mi- and, giving up this profession, he turned to

niatis litteris scriptum in Stephanico ita the study of literature and Roman law.

erat: ‘Iulius Celsus Constantinus legi com- Interested also in the study of religion, he

mentarios Caesaris’. resolved to embrace the Protestant faith. Commentary (book VIII): [Jnc.]: Sueto- This decision compelled him, in 1547, to nius in Julio : ‘Reliquit et re- leave Paris and his staunch Catholic home for rum suarum commentarios Gallici civilisque Lyons. His economic circumstances bebelli Pompeiani. Nam Alexandrini Africique came desperate and he was obliged to accept

et Hispaniensis incertus auctor est. Alii a position in the humanities at Lausanne.

enim Oppium putant, alii Hirtium, qui etiam He gained such renown that he was offered Gallici belli novissimum imperfectumque a chair of law at Strasbourg, and he taught librum suppleverit’. Inertiae deprecationem. there until 1561. During this time he suc-

Ut mihi per te inerti esse liceret.../... cessfully accomplished some delicate polit[Expl.]}: Ab se missas. Primam, quam a ical missions for the king of Navarre, and

Pompeio, et decimam quintam. also made two journeys to Germany at the

Editions : command of Catherine de’ Medici. He then

1574. See above, Composite Editions. taught law at Valence and Bourges. After 1575. See above, Composite Editions. the St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre in 1581. See above, Composite Editions. 1572 Hotomanus left France, never to 1584, Francofurti (Frankfurt): Apud Jo- return, and went to Switzerland where he hannem Wechelum. This is the third edi- remained until the end of his life. He taught tion of Hotomanus’ commentary; it also Roman law at Geneva from 1573 to 1579 contains the emendations of Fulvius Ursi- when he went to Basel. In 1581 he returned

nus and index of Raimundus Marlianus. to Geneva, but went back to Basel a short Valpy V 2058-2059 ; Schweiger I 43 ; Adams time before his death.

C-69 ; NUC. Vatican Library. Works: De gradibus cognationis et adfini-

1591. See above, Composite Editions. tatis (Paris, 1546); De statu primitivae ec1600, Lugduni (Lyons): Heredes Eus- clesiae eiusgue sacerdotiis (Geneva, 1553) ; athii Vignon et Jacobus Stoer. Hotomanus Commentarius de verbis iuris antiquitatum 117

LATIN AUTHORS

Romanarum elementis amplificatus (Basel, sche Staatsbibliothek, Munich; see K. 1558); Franco-Gallia, sive tractatus isago- Halm, ‘Uber die handschriftliche Sammlung gicus de regimine regum Galliae et de iure der Camerarii und ihre Schicksale’, Sitzungssuccessionis (Geneva, 1573); Antiquitatum berichte der (kéniglich) bayerischen Akademie Romanarum libri V (Paris, 1585) ; Consola- der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen, philo-

tio e sacris litteris (Lyons, 1593). sophisch-philologische und historische KlasHe wrote many treatises on legal points se, II] (1873) 241-272 and Catalogus codicum

as well as a number of political works. In latinorum Bibliothecae Regiae Monacensis addition to the commentaries on Caesar, he IV. 1 (Munich, 1874). In BG XIII 531, annotated the speeches of Cicero and his Fabricius refers to Camerarius’ ‘In comment.

letters to Quintus and translated Plato’s de bello Gallico Julii Caesaris’ under the Apology into French. Many of his letters general heading ‘Imperfecta tam Graeca are preserved in manuscripts in the libraries quam Latina varii generis’. of Strasbourg, Basel, Ziirich, Geneva, Gotha, Praefatio: (ed. 1606, Francofurti, FrankLondon, and Paris; some were published furt: Apud Claudium Marnium et heredes at Amsterdam in 1700 and in D. R. Kelley’s Joannis Aubrii) G. Jungermanus lectori

biography of Hotman (see Bibl.). s. [Znc.]: Joachimus Camerarius PabeperBibl.: A. Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la gensis, cuius memoriam ut avi mei materni

littérature francaise du seiziéme siécle 369- cum debita veneratione numquam non 372; G. Grente, ed., Dictionnaire des lettres usurpare soleo, quam solidae eruditionis frangaises (X VI® siécle) 380-381 ; Eckstein vir fuerit si multis depraedicare verbis vel259 ; Hoefer XXV 225-234 ; Jécher II 1731- lem, minime vererer, ne quis ex affectione 1733 ; Michaud XX 30-32 ; Nicéron XI 109- quadam factum saltem id putaret ; ita sum134; Schottenloher I 8994-8998, IV 34720, morum et principum in republica litteraria V 46974-46977, VII 53259, 55237-55238. virorum gravissima exstant elogia, quibus R. Dareste, Essai sur Francois Hotman perhibent quod ad Graecae Latinaeque lin(Paris, 1850); D. R. Kelley, Foundations of guae peritiam attinet, hic certe eum suo iure Modern Historical Scholarship. Language, familiam duxisse videri. Illius cum in opLaw, and History in the French Renaissance timos quosque Latinae linguae auctores (New York, 1970) 106-112, 316 (index) ; commentationes exstarent, suspicati sumus idem, Francois Hotman. A Revolutionary’s et in Caesarem quid ab illo annotatum fuisse.

Ordeal (Princeton, 1973). Nec vana fuit ista suspicio. Cum enim Glandorpianas annotationes iam excuderent

8. JoacHim CAMERARIUS operae, id genus quaedam a _ serenissimi

Electoris Palatini Consiliario Dn. Ludovico

At present there have been located only Camerario, consobrino meo clarissimo, ad his commentaries on books II and IV of the nos transmittuntur, forte inter avi scidas Gallic War and book III of the Civil War. reperta. Pauca quidem, in quibus tamen te The obvious terminus ante quem for their non minus inventurum quod probes teque composition is 17 April 1574, the date of luvet speramus quam in alterius cuiusdam Camerarius’ death. A copy of the annota- magna farragine. Et itaque tibi invidere tions was sent to Gothofredus Jungermanus noluimus ; sed proxime Glandorpianis subby his cousin Ludovicus Camerarius (1573- lunximus, cum prius ad nos non pervene1651), grandson of the author. Jungermanus rint, quibus utere fruere ex animi tui senincluded the commentaries in the 1606 tentia nobisque fave, quisquis es, cuiatis es. Frankfurt edition of Caesar, suggesting in a Commentary : Joachim Camerarius, Annoprefatory letter that Ludovicus had perhaps tationes quaedam in C. Iulii Caesaris librum discovered them among his grandfather’s II et IV de bello Gallico.[Ine.] : Secundus lipapers. No reference to these or commen- ber commentariorum de bello Gallico C. taries on other Wars is found in the descrip- Caesaris complectitur narrationem rerum tions of the collectio Camerariana which gestarum adversus Belgas. Atque profligacomprises CLM 10351-10428 in the Bayeri- tis et subactis Suessionibus etiam bellicosas

118

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deinde civitates Nerviorum et Aduaticorum may be referring to the fact that in individual devicit ... Teutonos (Il. 4. 2). Teutones et comments of the 1595 edition Ursinus specif-

Ambrones cum Cimbris ingenti numero ically mentions only Gabriel Faernus and hominum, peragrata Gallia et Hispania Octavius Pantagathus. Nevertheless, platentata, ita in Italiam contenderunt, et giarism does not seem to be involved since, victi fuere proeliis duobus a Gaio Mario IIIl as P. De Nolhac observes (La bibliothéque de

cos. et Q. Lutatio Catulo, qui una de his Fulvio Orsini, Paris, 1887, 55), he listed triumpharunt anno U. C. DCLII.../... Ciacconius as one of the six friends who had [Expl.]: Conferta legione (IV. 32. 3). tov been of assistance. Such _ collaboration

taypuatos GOodov trdexortos. between Ursinus and Ciacconius was not

Editions: unusual. They were exceedingly close

1606. See above, Composite Editions. friends and had also worked together on the

1669. See above, Composite Editions. text of Varro. Ciacconius (see Biogr.) is

Biography : known to have been in the habit of sending

See CTC II 100-101. his work to his friends and urging them to make copies of it for their own use. Naples

9. Petrus CIACCONIUS V D 40, an autograph of Ursinus, is, in

fact, almost a page-by-page copy of the In 1570 Fulvius Ursinus published ‘emen- Ciacconius annotations in the Copenhagen

dations’ to the text of the entire corpus manuscript. Finally, Brantius’ accusation Caesarianum. Many years later he issued a has an even more hollow ring since he was

revised and much enlarged version in a prevented from annexing this commentary

volume which included Antonius Augusti- to his own notes only through the intervennus’ Fragmenta velterum historicorum and tion of Gothofredus Jungermanus, editor appeared at Antwerp in 1595. In the preface of the 1606 volume.

to the expanded edition, Ursinus states In his annotations Ciacconius often gives

candidly that for his Nofae ad Caesarem he explanations of geographical, military, and

had incorporated the work of a number of historical points. Interested in textual friends on the same subject, one of whom was problems as well, he tries to resolve the

Petrus Ciacconius. Ciacconius’ autograph difficulties methodically by alluding to

of his commentaries on all five Wars, now similar passages elsewhere in Caesar, parallel

Copenhagen 828, 4to, came into the pos- accounts in other authors, and readings of session of Andreas Schottius who sent it in manuscripts belonging to Ursinus, Ludovi1605 to Claudius Marnius, publisher of the cus Carrio, Faernus, Achilles Statius and 1606 Frankfurt Caesar. The annotations were printed editions of Robertus Stephanus and then published in this edition under the name Aldus Manutius Junior.

of their rightful author ; the notes of Ursi- Praefatio (of Johannes Brantius): (ed. nus that precede them are those of the 1606, Francofurti, Frankfurt: Apud Clau1595 edition minus the contributions of dium Marnium et heredes Joannis Aubrii)

Ciacconius. Lectori candido s.[Jnc.]: Ecce tibi Petri

Johannes Brantius, another commentator Ciacconii hominis Hispani longe doctissimi, on Caesar (see below I. 11) whose efforts also et quem saeculi sui Varronem merito dixe-

appeared in the 1606 volume, accused Ur- rim, notas in commentarios Caesaris, quas sinus of plagiarizing from Ciacconius, claim- nacti beneficio viri eruditissimi R. P. Aning that the former did not give the name of dreae Schotti de Societate Iesu, qui illas his source. As a parallel, Brantius cites the Roma dvexddtrove attulerat, nunc primi case of Aldus Manutius Junior (see above I. in lucem damus et tantum tibi thesaurum 6) who, he alleges, tacitly borrowed from the invidere noluimus. Prodiere quidem ex iis commentaries of Johannes Rhellicanus (see pleraeque immistae notis Fulvianis in eo above I. 4). The truth of this second com- opere quod fragmenta historicorum inscripplaint has yet to be investigated. Regard- tum Plantinianis typis nuper exiit, sed tacito ing the charge against Ursinus, Brantius Ciacconii nomine parum verecunde; ut et 119

LATIN AUTHORS

Aldus Manutius Nepos sua in Caesarem ad posito Comata Gallia appellatur.../... verbum magnam partem a Johanne Rhelli- [Expl.j: (f. 221) Cabiloni (sic). Supra pag. cano homine Germano clam est mutuatus. 153 Cavillonum voSi agnosceret, mutuum foret ; si tacet, fur- cat. Strabo lib. 4 : tum. Nos itaque Ciacconianas suo auctori to Aidotwv Zvog addAw Exov xaPvddivor veluti natalibus ac nitori restituimus. Quae éxi tH “Agage xal goovorcy Bipoaxta. vero genuinae Fulvii erant, illi reliquimus Et Ptolemaeus : Ka-

postliminii iure suum cuique tribuendo. Badiivor.

Nostris vero notis politicis quidem iis qui Commentary (book VIII). [Jnc.]: (f. 2217)

rempublicam administrant servire placuit ; In octavum librum A. Hirtii de bello Gallico. criticis vero, qui rem potissimum litterariam Caesar Mi Antonium quaestorem. Cicero,

spectant. In his autem, ne ignores, usi su- Philipp. 2 : ‘Venisti e Gal-

mus codice commentariorum Caesaris calamo lia ad quaesturam petendam. Aude dicere te exarato admodum vetusto ex eiusdem Socie- prius ad matrem tuam venisse quam ad me

tatis bibliotheca, qui pluribus locis probam etc. Quaestor es factus.../...[Expl.]:

lectionem prae se ferebat, praeter vulgatas (f. 223’) Per C. Marcellum consulem legiones

pridem editiones notae itidem melioris Ve- duas. Ejius rei causam tradit Dio lib. 40 netam, Beroaldinam, Basiliensem, Parisien- : Cum sem, Vascosanam, quas primis dumtaxat Appius Claudius Censor C. Curionem, quod earum syllabis expressimus. Quandoquidem Caesaris rebus favebat, tamquam contra vero (ut ille ait) ingenui est agnoscere per rempublicam agentem notare et senatu quem profeceris, Justo Lipsio amico nostro eicere vellet, L. Piso alter consul eam notam

singulari multa libenter accepta ferimus, solvit...Sed haec eadem diligentius Apquod ingens litterarum lumen nuper (pro pianus narrat in secundo. Appianus lib. 2 dolor) exstinctum non sine lacrimis recor- : Rumore demum

dari possumus. Vale et fruere. licet falso increbescente Caesarem Alpes

- Editor’s note (of Gothofredus Jungerma- transire exercitumque ad urbem ducere, nus): Lectori. [Jnc.]: Ne in qua re offendas, tumultus statim ac timor invasit omnes... scire debes nos Ursini et Ciacconii notas diu Ad quae Pompeius, veluti a consulibus iam accepisse ; quas itaque suo ordine com- iussus, parere se dixit. Addit deinde ‘nisi mentatoribus reliquis interiunximus, nescil quid melius’, vel decipiens vel ad honestascilicet quod eruditissimus et politissimus tem potius verba componens.

Brantius cum suis ea coniungere volebat, de Manuscripts: cuius instituto iam modo cognovimus. (micro.) Copenhagen, University Library, Quod te monere voluimus ne quid vel nobis Arnamagnaeanske Legat ms. 828, 4to,

vel illi vitio vertas ; illaque priora, quae hic s. XVI, ff. 192-221 (books I-VII), 221¥-223v

dicit, accipias quasi Ciacconianis praedic- (book VIII). This is the autograph copy. ta, quod te insuper rogamus etiam. (Katalog over den Arnamagnaeanske HandCommentary (books I-VII): (Copenhagen skriftsamling II, Copenhagen, 1892, 223).

ms. 828, 4to) [Jnc.]: (f. 192) In librum pri- Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale V D 40, mum commentariorum C. Iulii Caesaris de s. XVI, ff. 86-107 (books I-VII), 107Vbello Gallico. Gallia est omnis divisa in 109¥ (book VIIT). An autograph of Fulvius partes tres. Gallia omnis, quae Mediter- Ursinus, this codex is practically a page-by-

raneo et Oceano mari, Pyrenaeis montibus page copy of the Copenhagen manuscript atque Alpibus et Rheno flumine continetur, listed above. The seeming disparity in in duas partes a geographis dividitur, qua- length is caused by blank versos in ms.

rum ea, quae nostro mari apposita est, 828, 4to and folios composed of small Bracata prius, Narbonensis deinde, et Pro- scraps of paper that have been consolidated

vincia dicta est sive Ulterior Gallia. Ea by Ursinus. (Kristeller, Iter I 401). vero, quae Oceano alluitur, a Graecis Cel- Editions: tica et Galatia, a Latinis nunc totius re- 1595, Antverpiae (Antwerp): Ex officina gionis nomine Gallia, nunc cognomine ap- Plantiniana, apud viduam et Ioannem Mo120

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retum. Ciacconius’ annotations, which in Works: Calendarium veitus Romanum, some cases have been paraphrased or cum Petri Ciacconii notis (Antwerp, 1568) ; abridged, are combined with those of An- Inscriptio columnae rostratae...cuius actonius Augustinus, Gabriel Faernus, Lati- cedunt opuscula de ponderibus, de mensuris

nus Latinius, Marcus Antonius Muretus, ef de nummis (Rome, 1586); De triclinio Octavius Pantagathus, and Fulvius Ursinus. Romano sive de modo convivandi apud Ro-

i laris, cum appendice Fulvii- Ursini (Rome, NcD ; PHi; RPB). . wg 1588). In addition to Caesar, he. commented 1606. See above, Composite Editions. . a, the : tas on Arnobius, Cassian, Isidore,. Pliny

Adams A-2242; NUC. BM; BN; (CtY; manos et conviviorum apparatu liber singu-

1669. See above, Gomp osite Editions. Elder, Pomponius Mela, Sallust, Seneca, 1706. See above, Composite Editions. and Varro. 1713. See above, Composite Editions. Bibl.: N. Antonius, Bibliotheca Hispana 1727. See above, Composite Editions. nova II (Madrid, 1788) 179-184; Eckstein

(*) 1772, Lucae (Lucca) : Typis J. Rocchii. 87; Enciclopedia universal ilustrada XVI According to M. Menéndez y Pelayo II 120 (Madrid, 1958) 1378-1379 ; Hoefer IX 547(see Bibl.), vol. VII of this edition of the 548 ; Jécher I 1908 ; M. Menéndez y Pelayo, Opera omnia of Antonius Augustinus con- Bibliografita hispano-latina clasica II (San-

tains a reprint of the annotations found in tander, 1950) 120-123; Michaud VII 394the 1595 edition (see above). BM; BN; 395 ; Nicéron XXXVI 180-186 ; Pékel 46 ;

(PU). D. Rubio, Classical Scholarship in Spain Biography : (Washington, D.C., 1934) 58-59 ; A. Schottus, Petrus Ciacconius (Pedro Chacon) was Hispaniae bibliotheca (Frankfurt, 1608) 556born in Toledo in 1527 and died in Rome 26 564. October 1581.

He studied philosophy and theology at 10. RoBertus TIT1us

Salamanca, and learned Greek and mathematics on his own. He was offered a teaching To him are ascribed the commentaries on

position at that university but chose in- the Gallic and Civil Wars preserved in ms. stead to go to Rome; there his erudition Oud. 10 in the Bibliotheek der Rijksunivergained for him much fame and praise. Ciac- siteit, Leiden. Since Titius’ name was added conius was commissioned by Pope Gregory by another hand, the attribution is not ab-

XIII to assist in the revision of the text of solutely certain. However, his authorship the Septuagint, writings of the Church seems fairly probable in the light of other Fathers, and Decree of Gratian. He also evidence, namely : took part in the work of correcting the (1) Titius gave four praelectiones at Bocalendar. A benefice at Seville provided logna on the Gallic War which were pubthe necessary financial support which al- lished there in 1598. These are dedicated to lowed him to give undivided attention to Ruggerius Tritonius and consist of general his studies. Ciacconius lived quietly in remarks on warfare (praelectio I), necessary Rome and enjoyed the company of such training of a leader (praelectio Il), types of friends as Ludovicus de Castella, Latinus historical writing (praelectio III), and lists Latinius, and Fulvius Ursinus. Completely of historians, compiled in large part by Pedevoid of personal ambition, he made no trus Angelius, which present a chronological attempts to publish his writings, and very approach to history (praelectio IV). In the few appeared in print during his lifetime. second praelectio (p. 25), Titius announces In addition to sending his works to friends that he is going to lecture on the Gallic War

for their use, he permitted and even en- ‘hoc anno’, i.e. 1598. couraged them to publish his efforts under (2) Fabricius (BL I 261) notes that ina

their names. Because of the depth and letter of 1602 to Marcus Velserus, Titius menscope of his learning he has been called the tions that he has composed ‘perpetui atque

Varro of his age. uberes commentarii ad commentarios Cae121

LATIN AUTHORS

saris’. These annotations may have devel- parebat et in qua praecipue Caesar bella oped from his lectures. In any case it is clear gessit, quomodo etiam Oppius sive Hirtius

that he was working on Caesar for at least dicit ‘omni Gallia devicta’ < Gallic War part of the period 1598-1602 and so could VIII. 1. 1>, nam alioquin generatim omnis

be the author of the commentaries in ms. Ulterior; de hac tantummodo sermo hic

Oud. 10. habetur.../...{Eapl.j: (f. 108%) Eo duces

The codex was formerly owned by Henri- producuntur. Vide quomodo narrent hanc cus Brenkmanus (Hendrik Brenkmann, historiae partem Plutarchus < Vita Caesaris 1680-1736) and J.-Ph. D’Orvillius (Jacques- XXVIII. 5> et Dio , nam cum Caesare non prorsus eis

according to Saxus (see Bibl.), brought a convenit. copy of the commentaries from Italy to Commentary (book VIII): (f.109) A. Hirtii Leiden ; from a palaeographical viewpoint sive Oppiicommentar. de bello Gallico liber octa-

this would explain the seemingly late date vus. [Inc.] : Liber hic ad bellum Gallicum perof the script in ms. Oud. 10. The commen- tinet et quidem pertinere nemo ambigit. Vitaries were also known to Franz van Ouden- detur ex parte ad Caesarem auctorem esse redorp (1696-1761) who describes them thus ferendus, nam sice statapud Suetonium in the preface (p. +++) to his edition of Cae- in Julio : ‘Reliquit et rerum sua-

sar (Leiden, 1737) : rum commentario Gallici civilisque belToto hoc opere iam impresso, sed et typis li Pompeiani ; nam Alexandrini Africique et

mandata mea praefatione, nactus tandem Hispaniensis incertus auctor est. Alii enim sum ineditas cel. viri Roberti Titii, quarum Oppium putant, alii Hirtium qui etiam Galibidem (sc. BL) meminit Fabricius, in Cae- lici belli novissimum imperfectumque librum

sarem animadversiones. Eae notis brevibus, suppleverit. ‘...Sed vetustus quidam coexplicationis verborum aut historiae gra- dex formis in Germania exaratus abhinc

tia, vel ad excusas olim lectiones a Faerni, annos ferme ***, de quo mihi Curtius PicheUrsini, Hotomani etc. emendationibus vin- na praebuit, vir nostrarum harum litterarum

dicandas, passim conceptae, quamvis sine valde studiosus commodavit, epigraphen MSStorum ope, praeter unicum C. Pichenae huius octavi libri ad hunc modum prae se quem tamen perraro ad partes vocat, pro- ferebat ‘Juli Celsi Caesaris familiaris com-

cedunt usque ad c. 37 (sic) 1. 11 B. civ. mentariorum’ etc. Sed puto esse Hirtii ob Mendosissime autem sunt descriptae et cre- id quod scribit Suetonius eodem loco, capi-

bro lacunis deformatae, Graecis semper te nimirum 56. Balbe. Cornelium Balbum omissis, ut pateat exaratas esse ab homine intellegit Caesaris studiosissimum, cuius men-

qui Graece nesciverit. Quam _ plurimae tio estat libro tertio bellorum civilium etiam et melioris quidem commatis per et frequens apud alios iam sunt occupatae : quare tanti mihi M. Tullius (sic) in libris epistularum ad non visae sunt ut meam retardare deberent Atticum atque apud alios.../.. .[Ezpl.]: editionem, aut idcirco instituti mei ratio- (f. 118) Caesari eam tamquam ex suo numero

nem in praesentia mutarem, alia fortassis dedit. Ineptum fuerit si ad Gnaeus (sic)

occasione illas illarumve excerpta publico referas, hoc est legionem unam tamquam ex

donaturus. Meis vero usibus has quoque suo numero a Pompeio Gnaeo in bellum plene concessit Cl. Dorvillius noster, a se Parthicum datam fuisse interpreteris. Auc-

una cum dvexddtotc Controversorum R. Titii tor intellegit legionem a Pompeio Caesari voluminibus in libraria doctissimi et meliore commodatam, atque hoc est quod ait ‘tam-

fato dignissimi viri H. Brenkmani auctione quam ex suo numero’; quae verba alias

nuperrime emptas. redundarent atque iccirco deleri deberent Commentary (books I-VI): (Leiden Oud. veluti otiose hic infarta; mihi quidem sic

10) Roberti Titii commeniarii ad librum videtur.

primum de bello Gallico. [Inc.]: (f. 1) Gallia Manuscript: est omnis divisa in partes tres. ‘Omnis’, Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit videlicet quae Romanorum imperio non Oud. 10, s. XVII, ff. 1-108% (books I-VII), 122

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109-118 (book VIII). (J. Geel, Catalogus is a letter, dated 12 December 1582, from librorum manuscriptorum qui inde ab anno Titius to Aldus Manutius Junior on f. 121 of 1741 Bibliothecae Lugduno Batavae acces- ms. E 34 inf. in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana,

serunt (Leiden, 1852) 160, no. 506). Milan. Mss. 155 and 156 in the Biblioteca

Biography : Universitaria, Pisa contain letters to Titius.

Robertus Titius (Roberto Titi, Tizzi) was Bibl.: Cosenza IV 3419; Giornale de’ born in Borgo San Sepolcro 4 March 1501 letterati d’Italia XXXIII 2 (1719-1720)

and died in Florence in 1609. 176-222; Jécher III 1227-1228; Michaud

He studied at Bologna and Rome and in XLI 600-601 ; Nicéron XIII 17-27; Pékel 1570 entered the Collegio ducale di sapienza 275; Chr. Saxus, Onomasticon literarium

at Pisa where he pursued Greek, Latin, sive nomenclator historicocriticus III (Uphilosophy, and law. Receiving the degree trecht, 1780) 552-553. of doctor of law in 1576, he went to Florence

and became friendly with Petrus Victorius 11. JoHANNES BRANTIUS who tried to procure for him employment

with the Emperor of Germany. Titius, He composed commentaries on the Gallic, however, was unwilling to leave Florence Civil, Alexandrian, African, and Spanish and he practiced law there with consi- Wars that are divided into ‘Notae politicae’

derable success. He maintained his in- and ‘Notae criticae’. Dedicated to the

terest in literature and poetry, and one of dignitaries and citizens of Antwerp, they his compositions excited the wrath of were first published at Frankfurt in 1606. Joseph Scaliger who penned a fierce attack As their name implies, the ‘Notae politicae’

under the name of Ivo Villiomarus Aremo- deal with matters in the Commentaries ricus. His friends urged him to reply in pertaining to political institutions. Their kind, but Titius preferred to answer Scali- scope, however, is not restricted to this, and ger with a calm and moderate defense of they cover in fact all other points normalhis earlier work. He applied in vain for a ly requiring explication (e.g. geographical position at the University of Pisa in 1596. names, military terms and practices, styIn 1597 he obtained the chair of humanities listic niceties) with the exception of textual

at Bologna which had been left vacant by problems. The latter are reserved for the the death of Tommaso Correa. He held this ‘Notae criticae’ which, for the most part, position until 1607 when, at the insistence consist of conjectures and readings from

of Grand Duke Ferdinand, he took up a manuscripts and printed editions put forsimilar post at Pisa. He died two years later ward as solutions to the difficulty. In both

in Florence while on a vacation. sets of ‘Notae’ Brantius cites numerous

Works: Locorum controversorum libri de- classical, post-classical, medieval, and hucem, in quibus plurimi veterum scriptorum manistic works. He knew the commentaries loci conferuntur, explicantur et emendantur on Caesar produced earlier by Glareanus (Florence, 1583); Pro suis locis controversis (I. 3), Rhellicanus (I. 4), Glandorpius (I. 5), assertio adversus Ivonem quendam Villio- Aldus Manutius Junior (I. 6), Hotomanus marum Italici nominis calumniatorem (Flor- (with whom he sometimes disagrees ; I. 7), ence, 1589); Brevi annotazioni sopra le Api and Ciacconius. Regarding his efforts to del Rucellai (Florence, 1590); Jn duodecim join Ciacconius’ notes to his own, see above

libros Syriados Petri Angelii scholia (Flor- I. 9. ence, 1591); Oratio Pisis habita in exordio A list of political ‘sententiae’ drawn from studiorum huius anni 1607 (Florence, 1607). the Gallic, Civil, Alexandrian, and African He also commented on Nemesianus, Cal- Wars separates the ‘Notae politicae’ from purnius Siculus, Seneca, and Aristotle and the ‘Notae criticae’. gave praelectiones on Virgil (Bologna, 1597), Dedicatory epistle : (ed. 1606, Francofurti,

Caesar (Bologna, 1598), and Catullus (Bo- Frankfurt: Apud Claudium Marnium et logna, 1599). A number of his poems are heredes Joannis Aubrii) Nobilibus et magniaddressed to various contemporaries. There ficis consulibus et senatui populoque An-

123

LATIN AUTHORS

tverpiensi Johannes Brantius dedico conse- riorum de bello Gallico librum I notae politicae.

croque. [Inc.]: Duae res in bene morata [{nc.]: De horum commentariorum auctore

civitate, quod vos minime fugit, viri nobiles dubitasse quosdam et Julio Celso nescio cui

ac prudentes, plurimum possunt: iustitia temere inscripsisse refert et refellit senatus et res militaris communi vinculo sic invicem litterarii princeps Iustus Lipsius lib. 2 Epist. aptae divelli ut haudquaquam possint. Nam quaesf. epist. 2 quod infimae aetatis quidam et ipsae leges latent in tutela bellicae virtu- ita citarint, decepti, credo, recensentis manu

tis, et haec ipsa vicissim legum valet prae- quae adici extremo libro solet... Gallia sidio... De me, ut in hoc communi patriae est omnis. Non omnis usque quaque sed

statu otiosus ne viderer, simul ut animus ex ‘Comata’ in qua Caesar res gerebat. Simistrepitu forensi nonnihil reficeretur, ad ea lem omnino Galliae divisionem apud Ammiaidentidem studia, quae adulescentes de more num Marcellinum reperias lib. 15 a Caesare procul dubio sumptam.. .

In iis unicum doloris levamentum historiam /.. [Expl]: His rebus Caesaris litteris arripui, quae hoc unum (neque enim de cognitis. Solere olim praesides ‘quid in

ceteris eius commodis, quae alii abunde provincia quaque gereretur’ ad imperatores pertractarunt, dicere in praesens proposi- perscribere ex Suetonio colligitur August. tum) imprimis praestat, ut nostrorum tem- cap. 49 . Quem morem et Euseporum miserias magis intellegamus_ sed bius notat lib. 2 Hist. eccles. ,

patientius feramus. In historica autem scrip- referens Pilatum de Christi servatoris nostri tione vel M. Tullio iudice, familiam ducit C. resurrectione Tiberium fecisse certiorem, ut

Iulius Caesar, qui ut maximarum rerum observavit Isaacus Casaubonus ad allatum gloria mortales omnes anteivit, sic linguae mox Suetonii locum.

Latinae elegantia Romanos paene omnes Commentary (part 1; book VIII): Jo-

superavit.../...[Ezpl.): Quantum itaque _hannes Brantius, Ad librum VIII I. Caesaa cura forensi et re familiari datum est otii, ris de bello Gallico notae politicae. [Inc.]: id omne his commentariis legendis libenter Quod imparatis disiectisque fuit necesse. impendi, quaeque in iis notatu digniora ob- Infra < VIII. 10. 3>: ‘Accidebat autem servavi, exscripsi, annotavi Plinii illius quotidianis pabulationibus, id quod accidere exemplo qui nihil umquam legit quod non erat necesse, ut’ etc. Caesar supra lib. 5 excerperet. Hortantibus autem amicis ac : ‘Huic quoque accidit—quod paene convicio efflagitantibus ut publici fuit necesse—ut nonnulli’ etc.../...[Ezpl.]: iuris, quidquid id est, facerem et in lucem Quoad sibi spes aliqua relinqueretur iure poaliquando aspectumque proferrem, cessi tius disceptandi quam belli gerendi (sic). tandem victus et manumisi, fretus nominis Supra paulo : ‘Nihil minus vestri patrocinio. Quibus enim vel libentius volebat quam necessitatem sibi aliquam imvelim quia civis, vel iustius debeam quia ab poni belli gerendi’. ‘Omnia’ inquit comicus

actis civitati, quam viris in clarissima rei- adelphus ‘prius

publicae luce positis Caesaris commentarios experiri verbis’ (aut ut alii legunt ‘consilio notis illustratos, hoc est magistram vitae, omnia prius experiri’) ‘quam armis sapienlucem veritatis, historiam inscribere? Acci- tem decet’. . . . Itaque merito laudatur mag-

pite igitur volentibus animis nostras in nus ille Augustus qui usque ‘adeo turbas,

Caesarem notas qua politicas, qua criticas ; bella, simultates exsecratus est ut nisi iustis utrisque enim, qui partim in republica ver- de causis numquam genti cuiquam bellum santur, partim in studiis acquiescunt, gra- intulerit. Iactantisque esse ingenii et levistificari quoad eius a me fieri potuit, studui, simi dicebat ardore triumphandi et ob lau-

et hoc meae in vos observantiae exstare ream coronam, id est folia infructuosa, in volui monumentum, cupio quidem certe, discrimen per incertos eventus certaminum sempiternum. Antverpiae, Kal. Sextil. securitatem civium praecipitare’, ut in eius

MDCVI. vita refert Sextus Aurelius Victor < Epitome

Commentary (part 1 ; Books I-VI) : Johan- de Caesaribus I. 10> et Suetonius cap. vines Brantius, Ad C. Iulii Caesaris commenta- gesimo primo . 124

CAESAR

Commentary (part 2; books I-VII): Jo- five years before going back to Antwerp hannes Brantius, Ad C. Julii Caesaris com- where he was named secretary of the city 22

mentariorum de bello Gallico librum I notae January 1591. For thirty-one years he criticae. [Ine.]: Proximi sunt Germanis. discharged this duty, and when he finally left Libri plerique omnes ‘proximique . Altera this position it reverted to his eldest son

enim causa redditur fortitudinis Belgarum : Henri. Brantius was then made a senator of continua belli consuetudo. Utramque Am- Antwerp and held the office for seventeen manus Marcellinus veluti simlus exp ressit years. His daughter Isabelle, celebrated for

lib, 15 -.../...[Expl.]: Hispainter h : : Peter Paul beag e11. ngs er beauty, married the rebus Caesaris litteris cognitis Romae dierum Rubens and served often as his model XX supplicatio indicitur. Manus. : ‘His lit- , . ; teris cognitis Romae dierum XX supplicatio Works: Elogia Cicerontana Romanorum redditur’. Ven. et Beroald. (sc. editiones) : domi militiaeque illustrium (Antwerp, 1612) ; ‘His rebus litteris Caesaris cognitis Romae Vie de Philippe Rubens (Antwerp, 1615) ; dierum XX _ supplicatio redditur’. Basil. Spicilegium criticum in omnia opera Apuleii

(sc. editio): ‘Huius anni rebus cognitis (Frankfurt, 1621); De perfecti et veri senaRomae dierum XX supplicatio indicitur’. toris officio (Antwerp, 1633). Vascos. (sc. editio): ‘Harum rerum litteris Unedited works include a commentary on cognitis Romae dierum XX supplicatio in- Terence, notes on Arnobius and Minucius

dicitur’. Felix, and a Latin translation of the BelgioCommentary (part 2; book VIII): Jo- graphia of Luigi Guicciardini. hannes Brantius, Ad librum VIII C. Julii Bibl. : Biographie nationale de Belgique 11

Caesaris de bello Gallico notae criticae.[Inc.] : 905-907 (A. Van der Meersch) ; R. Dekkers, Commentariorum de bello Gallico lib. VIII —_— Bibliotheca Belgica iuridica (Brussels, 1951)

seriptore A. Hirtio Pansa. In aliis alia huius 25; Eckstein 61; A. Gerlo-E. Lauf, Bibliolibri éntyoapr) legitur. Et quidem an graphie de U’humanisme belge (Brussels, 1965) manus. ‘Prologus Q. Hirtii Pansae in lib. = 449, Jecher I 1338; Michaud V 458; Pékel

VOT Gallic belli "ven. (se. editio) : : A. 31; E. de Seyn, Dictionnaire des écrivains Hirtii praefatio in octavum librum quem ipse ‘ le 1(B 1930) 145-146 addidit (sic) libro septimo commentariorum elges I (Bruges, ° C. Iulii Caesaris de bello Gallico’.../...

[Expl.]: Iure potius disceptandi quam belli 12. DouBTFUL

Editions : a) Bonus ACCURSIUS 1606. See above, Composite Editions.

gerendi (sic). ‘belligerandi’ manus.

1669. See above, Composite Editions. GW I 70 (with references to Van Beu1706. See above, Composite Editions. ghem p. 2 and Panzer I 394. 12) lists as

1713. See above, Composite Editions. ‘gweifelhaft’ Animadversiones in Caesaris 1727. See above, Composite Editions. commentaria (Ferrara, 1474) of Bonus Ac-

Biography : cursius. No copy of this book has yet been

Johannes Brantius (Jean Brant, Brants) located. Brunet I 34-35 suggests that the

was born 30 September 1559 in Antwerp and work in question is Raimundus Marlianus’

died there 28 August 1639. Index locorum in commentario Caesaris belli

After obtaining his master of arts degree Gallici descriptorum which was edited by in jurisprudence from Louvain, he was forced Accursius and published in an undated to leave Belgium because of political troubles. incunabulum (HR 10776). BMC VI 755

He went to France and studied first at notes that ‘the work of Accursius is, how-

Orléans and then at Bourges (with Jacques ever, confined to revision and minor addiCujas) where he received his doctorate in tions’ and that this is ‘apparently the only law. Brantius traveled through Italy, visit- separate edition of Marlianus’ work, which ing the academies, and then returned to in its unrevised form is often appended to Belgium. He practiced law in Brussels for editions of Caesar from 1478 onwards . 129

LATIN AUTHORS

b) PETRUS STROZZA disti, in quibus est harum rerum fere singularium non ignava consideratio, id tantopere

L. W. Daly (Bibliography III. C) ha’ a me contendis. Quid si tibi novum flagicollected the evidence for the ascription tium enarro? Mihi surrepti fuerunt ili to Petrus Strozza (Piero Strozzi) of the commentarii, quos tu Caesaris praeclaros

Greek translation of Gallic War I-VII found triumphos appellabas. Furti auctorem nesin the 1606 Frankfurt edition, together with cio, suspicor tamen illum fuisse quem numthe attribution of a Latin commentary to quam a latere meo discedere videbas et quia the same figure. The chief source of informa- dextra discumbebat, quo tempore te hos-

tion is Brantéme, who purports to have seen pitem accepimus, et quem tantopere ab Strozza’s manuscript of a Greek translation indole ingeniique acumine laudabas. Non ‘avec des commantz latins, additions et possum propius ferre pedem. Adulescentem instructions pour gens de guerre’ (@uures nosti. Ile (ut puto) me defraudavit, quod complétes de Pierre de Bourdeille Seigneur de numquam timuissem. Nec credo te eum esse

Brant6me Il (Paris, 1866) 241). Since it has qui me ad novos labores urgeas. Alia ag-

been shown that the Greek version of the gredior, quae ut spero maioris utilitatis

Frankfurt edition is based on the 1544 Cae- erunt ; coepta di secundent. Tu, si me amas, sar edition of Robertus Stephanus, this latter ne ad me amplius hac de re scribas, rogo’. date can be taken as the terminus post quem. No trace of Zava’s alleged commentaries It also follows that previous attributions on the Gallic and Civil Wars has been found, of the translation to Planudes (c. 1255-1305) nor is there any information regarding the or Theodore of Gaza (c. 1400-1476) are no identity of the youth whom Zava regards

longer acceptable. Gothofredus Jungerma- as the thief. nus, editor of the 1606 Frankfurt work and

author of annotations on the translation, Il. Belli civilis commentariorum libri III states that the manuscript of the Greek

rendering was brought to him by Jacques COMMENTARIES

Bongars from the library of Paul Petau. Daly admits (p. 81) that Jungermanus does 1, AuLus JaNus PARRHASIUS

not mention any ‘Latin comments, addi- For the date and circumstances of the

tions, and instructions for military men’ as composition of this commentary found in an noted by Brantéme, but suggests (pp. 81-82) autograph manuscript in the Biblioteca that Jungermanus ‘may have disregarded Nazionale, Naples, see above I. 2. Parrhasius

such an appendix or it may have been does not identify the princeps whom he adseparated from the text before it came into dresses in the Introduction, and the arguhis hands’. No trace of these annotations menta promised for the Alexandrian and has been found which, in any case, could African Wars have not been located. His resemble those of Jungermanus in that they comments on the Civil War are similar in deal with the difficulty of turning a Latin character to those on the Gallic War. work into Greek rather than with the subject Introduction: [Inc.]: (Naples XIII B 14,

matter of the Gallic War itself. f. 89%) Quoniam sedet animo, princeps il-

lustrissime, M. Antonii illius, quem a sa-

c) FRANCISCUS ZAVA pientiae studio philosophum vocant, vetus exemplum renovare, qui iam Caesar et orbis

In an undated letter to Titus Amal- imperio potitus apud Sextum Chaeronensem thaeus, Franciscus Zava writes (pp. 230- Plutarchi nepotem Hermogenemque elo-

231 of the Cremona, 1569 edition of Zava’s quentiae professorem, nullo vero die depoletters, poems, and orations): ‘Tu fortasse sita Marte, considebat, ut [in] apud Dionem quia cum mecum proximo anno esses, in *** Belli quosdam commentarios, quos evitandi gra- civilis argumentum paucis accipe.../... tia turpissimi otii in Caesaris et rerum Galli- [Expl]: (f. 89%) Hactenus historia Caesaris. carum et civilium libros scripseram, inci- Alia quae pertinent ad Alexandrini Africa126

CAESAR

nique belli enarrationem tune argumento Editions:

complectemur quom superis approbantibus See above I. 3. ventum erit. Biography : Commentary. [Inc.]: (f. 90%) A Fabio. See CTC II 343-344. Caesaris legato quem ad petitionem sui con-

sulatus Caesar in urbem praemiserat. Alii 3. JOHANNES RHELLICANUS centurionem suspicantur eum qui, patribus For the publication date, Dedicatory imperium Caesari prorogare nolentibus, ad epistle, and circumstances surrounding the capulum relata manu ‘At hic’ inquit ‘proro- composition of the commentary, see above

gabit’..../...fExzpl.]: (f. 136) Trallibus, I. 4. Of the same type as his comments on

Trallis urbs Lydiae ad Maeandrum quae the Gallic War, the annotations on the Civil prius a florum copia Anthia nominabatur. War include numerous quotations from Plu-

Juvenalis : ‘Hic Trallibus’ etc. tarch and Lucan.

Manuscript: Argumentum: (ed. 1543, Basileae, Basel :

Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale XIII B 14, Per Hieronymum Curionem) Totius belli s. XVI, ff. 89-136. (Kristeller, Iter 1 407). civilis a Caesare gesti argumentum seu

Biography : introductio per Eutropium quae superiori Gallico bello ita annectitur. [Jnc.]: Hinc iam

2. HENRICUS GLAREANUS bellum civile successit exsecrandum et lacrimabile quo, praeter calamitates quae For the publication date and Dedicatory proelio acciderunt, etiam Romani nominis epistle of the commentary, see above I. 3. fortuna mutata est.../...[Ezpl.]: Multa In his explication of military and political proelia fuerunt, ultimum apud Mundam civiterminology and strategy Glareanus cites tatem in quo adeo Caesar paene victus est ut passages from Festus, Lucan, Pliny, Sal- fugientibus suis se voluerit occidere, ne post

lust, Strabo, and Vitruvius. The annota- tantam militaris rei gloriam in potestatem tions also demonstrate his interest in the adulescentium natus annos quinquaginta

; ugit.

geographical side of the Civil War, but this Sex venir et ; denique reparatis sus vicit et concern is not nearly so marked as in his sexe Pompeii filius maior occisus est, minor

on the Civil War there follow sane . 5 , , , Principio belli intestini occasionem succincte

fhe nate on the Gallic War. At the end Argumentum ;: Argumentum lib. I de bello argumenta for the Alexandrian, African, and civili per Johannem Rhellicanum. [ine.]:

panish Wars. dit LDeinde supra fusius (ed. 1538,ris Friburgi Bris- omnes quamcum Neinde cut uteine, : ;Commentary: fary : (e » PriDurgi allegavimus. utrimque multis

goiae, Freiburg im Breisgau: Johannes condiconibus de pace facienda nihil

Faber Emmeus) Henricus Glareanus, Anno- esset profectum, Caesarem hinc inde multa

tationes in C. Iulii Caesari commentariorum oppida in deditionem accepisse.../... de bello civili librum I. [Inc.] : Argumentum (Expl.]: Quarto bellum in Hispania cum libri primi de bello civili. In primo libro de Petreio et Afranio primum per C. Fabium bello civili haec ordine habentur : contentio legatum suum, deinde et suo ipsius ductu

in senatu Romano de imperio Caesaris ; gestum. Senatusconsulta adversus Caesarem;_in- Commentary: Johannes Rhellicanus, Antercessio tribunorum pro Caesare ; Caesaris notationes in C. fuliit Caesaris commentario-

apud milites contio...In eandem senten- rum de bello civili librum I. [Inc.|]: Litleris a

tiam loquitur Scipio. Hic fuit Metellus Fabio C. Caesaris consulibus redditis etc.

Scipio Cn. Pompeii socer.../...[Expl.]: Plutarchus in Caesare ._ ait

Arcem Antiochiam captam esse. Dubia est hanc in Caesareanis litteris summam fuisse : hic lectio ‘arcemne Antiochenam’ an ‘arcem ‘“Omissis ceteris omnibus hoc tantum peto,

Antiochiae’ legere velimus. ut Cisalpina Gallia Ilyricumque cum duabus 127

LATIN AUTHORS

legionibus usque ad secundi consulatus peti- yet been identified. Surita must have had

tionem mihi concedatur’..../...[Expl.]: access to the codex in or before 1553 since, In mare iactis molibus efc. Idem Strabo paulo post praecedentia War, he learned of its existence during a has moles ita describit : “Agger autem est pons visit to Ferdinandus Pincianus (Fernando quidam a continente in insulam, ad occiden- Nuifiez de Guzman, 1475 (?)- 2 September talem eius partem porrectus, duos tantum adi- 1553).

tus relinquens in Eunosti portum atque ipsos The last comment on the Civil War is ponte iunctos ; quod opus non modo pons followed immediately, with no intervening

habitaretur . . was andrian War. Then come Editions: .two.notes, on‘the erat n insul am sed etiam aquaeductus cum titulus, by a few textual notes on the Alez-

Biography : dationes . .

See above I. 4. African War which are designated as ‘emenSee above I. 4. Commentary :nymus (Saragossa 09514) _HieroSurita, Jn commentarios belli civilis 4. HIERONYMUS SURITA annotationes. [Inc.]: Litteris a Fabio C.

Caesaris consulibus redditis. Non contigit

His commentary is preserved in auto- nobis ut horum librorum vetustum aliquem graph ms. 09514 in the Biblioteca del Se- aut manu scriptum codicem haberem aut minario sacerdotal de San Carlos, Saragossa. cum vulgatis conferre possem. Sed cum In D. J. Dormer’s biography (see Bibdl.), superioribus diebus Salmanticae essem quo there are letters of Juan Paez de Castro to veneram ut Ferdinandum Pincianum videSurita which indicate that the latter was rem qui pro

ter maximam doctrinam et working on Caesar from 1545 to 1548. summam eruditionem a me valde diligitur, Ms. 09514 also contains his notes on the tumque mihi renuntiatum esset in publica Gallic War (books I-VIII) which he called ecclesiae bibliotheca codicem integrum com-

‘emendationes’. These consist almost en- mentariorum esse, eius tantum videndi ac tirely of readings from printed editions such summatim percurrendi copia fuit. Sed ut as the Aldine and from manuscripts. Among speciem aliquam praebeam doctis hominithe witnesses he consulted were an uniden- bus quorundam locorum qui a me ex ingetified manuscript belonging to Cardinal Men- nio scilicet emendandi videntur, ut ipsi pro doza (see Biogr.) and a ‘pervetustus codex’ virili parte vetustos codices inquirendos et of his own. This ‘ancient’ manuscript has vulgatam lectionem restituendi (sic) emennot yet been located, but we know that Su- dendamque curent, non dubitabo speciem rita owned at least three manuscripts of quandam eorum producere ut unusquisque the Commentaries, namely Escorial M. III. eadem functus diligentia opem adferat ac

10 (Gallic War only, s. XIV), N. III. 22 lucem iis libris qui maxima ex parte, ut (s. XV), and Stockholm Va 6 (s. XV). mihi quidem videtur, depravati et contamiAs if to emphasize the difference between nati sunt...ut legi meo iudicio deberet his work on the various Wars, Surita calls ‘litteris a C. Curione consulibus redditis’.

his notes on the Civil War ‘annotationes’. Sed cum in Salmanticensi exemplari aliisque They constitute a commentary since the excussis ita legatur, ego nihil mutandum cen-

interest, though strongly textual in char- serem sed ad hunc locum notam esse apacter, is not exclusively so. He refers often ponendam tamquam depravato et male to readings found in a manuscript at Sala- habito.../...[Expl.]: Reperiebat T. Apmanca and in ‘recent’ printed editions, but pium conatum esse tollere pecunias Epheso ex

there are also comments dealing with fano Dianae. Legendum arbitror T. ‘Am-

political, historical, and military matters. pium’ ex Cicerone < Epist. ad Fam. I. 3. 2, Where appropriate he quotes from Ptole- II. 16. 3 etc. >, Paterculo , et Tranquillo < Divus Iulius

Salamanca manuscript of Caesar has not LXXVII> qui eum ita vocant. 128

CAESAR

Manuscript: greater part of his books and manuscripts

(micro.) Saragossa, Biblioteca del Se- was transferred to the Escorial in 1626. minario sacerdotal de San Carlos 09514, Works: Anales de la Corona del reyno de s. XVI. (The folios are unnumbered). This Aragon (Saragossa, 1562); Indices rerum ab is the autograph copy. (L. Latre, Manu- Aragoniae regibus gestarum ab initiis regni

scritos e incunables de la Biblioteca del real ad annum 1410 tribus libris expositi (Saraseminario sacerdotal de San Carlos de Zara- gossa, 1578) ; Historia del Rey Don Fernan-

goza, Saragossa, 1943, 26, no. 25). do el Catholico. De las empresas Y ligas de

Biography : Italia (Saragossa, 1580); El indice de las

Hieronymus Surita (Jeronimo Zurita y cosas mas notables que se hallan en la His-

Castro) was born in Saragossa 4 December foria de Aragon (Saragossa, 1 604) ; Enmien-

. dasdied y advertencias a las cronicas de los Reyes 1512 and there 31 October or 3 Nod ; annotae Castilla (Saragossa, 1683). His

vember 1580. tions on the I/finerarium of Antonius AuHe was the son of Michael Surita and Anna gustinus were published at Cologne in 1600. de Castro. One of his teachers was Ferdinan- Besides his notes on Caesar he also annotated dus Pincianus with whom he studied Greek, Sallust (Escorial O. IIL. 6), Pliny, and ClauLatin, and rhetoric at Alcala ; and Francisco dian. A number of his unpublished historical de Bobadilla y Mendoza (later Cardinal and works in the vernacular appear to have been

Bishop of Burgos), Leén de Castro, Juan lost.

Criséstomo Calvete de Estrella, Francisco Bibl. : Real Academia de la Historia, In-

and Juan de Vergara, Lorenzo Balbo, and dice de la Colleccién de Don Luis de Salazar Crist6bal de Horozco were fellow students. y Castro, by B. Cuartero y Huerta and A.

Through his own merits and his father’s de Vargas-Zuniga y Montero de Espinosa assistance, Surita obtained the favor of Marqués de Siete Iglesias, vol. IX [Madrid. Emperor Charles V and in 1530 became 1953] (on pp. 1-242 the authors describe governor of Barbastre and Huesca. In letters and documents of Jeronimo Zurita

1537, in Valladolid, he married Juana and his relatives which are contained in

(t 1548), daughter of Juan Garcia de Oli- vols. A 1110-1115 of the collection); N. van, and assisted his father-in-law in his Antonius, Bibliotheca Hispana nova I (Mawork with the Inquisition at Madrid, taking drid, 1788) 604-607 ; Enciclopedia universal

over his office at the latter’s death. He went ilustrada LXX (Barcelona, 1930) 1566; to Germany in 1543 to attend to the interests Hoefer XLVI 1033-1034; Jécher IV 943; there of the Senate of Castile. In 1547 he was F. de Latassa-M. Gomez Uriel, Bibliotecas named first public historian of Aragon, a antigua y nueva de escritores aragoneses III position which necessitated his traveling to (Saragossa, 1886) 425-35; M. Menéndez y Italy, Sicily, and Aragon in search of docu- Pelayo, Bibliografia hispano-latina clasica ments. On this trip he discovered the II (Santander, 1950) 123-126 ; Michaud XLV Chronicon Alexandrinum (also known as the 633-634.

Fasti Siculi) in a library in Sicily. At D. J. Dormer, Progresos de la historia en

Naples he became acquainted with Janus el reyno de Aragon y elogios de Geronimo Pelusius Crotoniata. Surita was appointed Zurita, su primer cronista (Saragossa, 1680).

secretary to the royal cabinet in 1567 and, , two years later, Cardinal Didacus Espinosa 5. JOHANNES GLANDORPIUS — placed him in charge of relaying to the

authorities the king’s wishes in matters For the publication date, Dedicatory

pertaining to the Inquisition. He spent his epistle, and circumstances surrounding the last years in the monastery of Santa En- composition of the commentary, see above gracia, Saragossa, following the religious I. 5. Like the annotations on the Gallic War, rule and revising his history of Aragon. His Glandorpius’ notes on the Civil War cover library was bequeathed to the Carthusian many aspects of the work (geography, Roman monastery of Aula Dei in Saragossa; the politics, military institutions etc.) and are il-

129

LATIN AUTHORS

lustrated by frequent quotations from vari- 6. ALpus MANUTIUS JUNIOR ous ancient authors. He also refers to the

edition of Beroaldus and commentary of For the publication date and Dedicatory

Glareanus (II. 2). epistle of the commentary, see above I. 6. Argumentum : (ed. 1574, Lipsiae, Leip- Aldus made minor revisions of his annota-

zig: Andreas Schneider) Argumentum to- Hons in succeeding editions. ..

tius belli civilis. [Znc.]: Bellum Caesaris _ Commentary: (ed. 1571, Venetiis, VenGallicum civile Pompeianum excepit, anno- ice: Aldus Iunior in aedib. Manutianis) Al, dus Manutius Pauli f. Aldi n., Scholia in C. rum numero non conferendum, rerum ges- Tulii Caesaris de bello civili librum I. [Inc.]:

tarum magnitudine tanto malus quanto Litteris a Fabio C,. Caesaris consulibus redquam Gallia latius patet orbis terrarum. ditis. Offendebar ‘Caii’ praenomine cum Ubique enim et per omnes terrae partes Caesar de seipso loquens numquam praedetonuit, magnis omnium gentium et na- nomen addere consueverit. Verum postea tionum cladibus expiatum.../...[Expl.]: reperi quod mihi scrupulum hunc eximeret. Primus et secundus ex his commentariis Parisienses enim ita ediderunt: ‘Litteris a anni primi res gestas continent, reliqui sin- C. Fabio Caesaris cons. red.” Quae mihi guli singulorum annorum bella persequun- placet admodum lectio.../...[Ezpl.]: In tur, nisi quod sextus a fine mutilus historiam parte Caesaris. Nicasius legendum putat non absolvit, valde etiam ubique deprava- ‘in pate Caesaris’ pro ‘in potestate’. Vide tus, tum auctoris incerti, cum tres primos ab pag. 416 . Verum ne sic quiipso Caesare, ceteros duos ab Hirtio vel dem hunc locum integrum puto.

Oppio scriptos constet. Editions :

Argumentum (in elegiac couplets): Argu- See above I. 6. mentum lib. I. [Jnc.]: Caesar ut adversum Biography : sibi cuncta negare senatum/pacis et haud See above I. 6.

ullam spem superesse videt. ../.. [Expl]: 7. Franciscus HoToMaNus Postremo Afrani legiones castraque Marci/

perdomat abductis sponteque mittit aquis. For the publication date and Dedicatory Commentary : Johannes Glandorpius, An- epistle of the commentary, see above I. 7. notationes in C. Iulii Caesaris commentarios Hotomanus’ observation at II. 34. 3 indi-

de bello civili. [Inc.]: Litteris a Fabio C. cates that he had also worked on the Civil Caesaris. Orditur a commemoratione odii War ten years prior to the appearance of ac impotentiae inimicorum suorum, qui pri- his annotations: ‘Amissis equis. Mendum

vatis affectibus et commodis servientes, quidem turpe sed multo turpius est a nulquo res ad arma deduceretur, nullas Caesa- lo adhuc emendatum; corrigendum est ris quamlibet aequas condiciones admitte- ‘admissis’... Haec cum ante annos decem rent, ut ostendat non voluntate nec domi- scripsissem, animadverti postea in quibusnandi libidine id se bellum suscepisse, sed dam novis impressis locum hunc emendatum

necessitate compulsum ut ad dignitatem et fuisse’. salutem defendendam auxilium ab exercitu In comments that have to do with textual

peteret.../...[Ezpl.]: Eunuchus nomine difficulties, Hotomanus refers to his own

Photinus (sic). Photinus (sic) hic dederat ‘ancient’ manuscript of Caesar (‘meus veconsilium interimendi Pompeium, ut est tustus’, ‘meus antiquus’) and to the Alapud Lucanum qui ad hoc scelus suadendum apposi- does not mention the ‘codex antiquissimus

tam ei orationem tribuit. Stephanicus’ of Henricus Stephanus (Henri

Editions: Estienne) on which he relied for similar

See above I. 5. problems involving the Gallic War; this Biography : seems to suggest that the manuscript con-

See above I. 5. tained only the latter work.

130

CAESAR

Commentary : (ed. 1574, Lugduni, Lyons : magistratus capiendos intercedere oportet. Apud Bartholomaeum Vincentium) Fran- Hanc ita exposuit Cicero De leg. 3 : ‘Eundem magistratum ni interfuerint

notae. [Inc.]: De bello civili. Vetus lib. anni ne quis capito. Aevitatem

sic: ‘Commentariorum belli civilis Pom- annali lege servanto’. De aetatis autem lege

peiani lib. primus’. Quod non displicet. disseruit in 5 Philip. ubi inA C. Fabio Caesaris. Sic vetus lib. et Al- dicat consulatui fuisse praefinitos annos din. Alii complures : ‘A Fabio C. Caesaris’. XLII... .[#zpl.]}: Muneribus datis. Id Sed consuetudo Caesaris perpetua haec est est, editis. Munera autem dicebantur ea ut praenomine non utatur.../...[Eazpl.]: quae ab ambitiosis in populum conferebanPharus est in insula. De Pharo et eius turri- tur ad concilianda sibi studia multitudibus Plin. lib. 36 cap. 12 et aliis locis < His- nis, ut epula, viscerationes, gladiatores,

foria naturalis V. 34. 128, XXXVI. 18. 83> ludorum venationumque apparatus, ut ait ... Solinus ‘est Cicero 2 De off. ... Cum temet Pharos’ inquit ‘colonia a Caesare dicta- pestas adversaretur neque magister navis tore deducta, ex qua facibus accensis noc- contendere adversus illam vellet, tum Caeturna dirigitur navigatio: nam Alexandria sarem ferunt indicasse qui esset et iussisse insidioso accessu aditur, fallacibus vadis, pergere illum, quod Caesarem et Caesaris

caeco mari’. fortunam veheret, etsi peragi cursus ille

Editions: non potuit. Exposuit hoc et Plutarchus

See above I. 7. < Vita Caesaris XXXVIII>. AnnotatioBiography : num I, Camerarii in Caesarem, quantum qui-

See above I. 7. dem ad nos pervenit, finis. Editions:

ae Biography:

8. JOACHIM CAMERARIUS See above I. 8.

For the publication date and circum- See CTC II 100-101.

Stances surrounding the composition of the

commentary, see above I. 8. Camerarius

annotated only book ITI. 9. PETRUS CIACCONIUS

Commentary: (ed. 1606, Francofurti, . as .

Frankfurt: Apud Claudium Marnium et For the publication date and circumheredes Joannis Aubrii) Joachim Camera- stances surrounding the composition of the rius, Annotationes in Iulii Caesaris librum commentary, see above I. 9. As In the case III de bello civili. {Inc.]: Tertius hic liber of his annotations on the Gallic War, Ciaccontinet narrationem confecti belli inter conius cites a large number of ancient auCaesarem et Cn. Pompeium. Quae et co- thors and gives variant readings from printpiosa est et pro negotiorum et rerum diver- ed editions and manuscripts.

sitate varia. Exponuntur autem omnia Commentary : (Copenhagen ms. 828, 4to) succincte et breviter pro eo modo qui est [Inc.]: (f. 224) Ex libro primo commentacommentariorum. Quidam autem Fran- riorum C. Caesaris de bello civili. Litteris a

ciscus Floridus, in cuius scripta nuper in- Fabio C. Caesaris consulibus redditis. Cum cidi, tres libros de bello civili Caesari falso haec in Italia gerebantur, C. Fabius cum IITI ascribi pronuntiat, et hic nihil esse nec as- legionibus in Haeduis hiemabat ut superiore

perius nec durius nec Caesaris candori mi- commentario nus conveniens. Quod sane iudicium ho- demonstratum est, neque eum ante Caesar minis, ut apparet, non ineruditi, sumus mi- ex hibernis evocavit quam recepta Italia, rati, neque possumus ipsi assentiri, prae- cum iter in Hispaniam haberet et Massilia, Sertim cum constet etiam Plutarchi tempo- quae portas clauserat, eum ab incepto itinere ribus horum librorum auctorem Caesarem moraretur, Fabium cum his legionibus qui-

habitum esse... Lege annali. Seu ‘anna- bus praeerat in Hispaniam praemittendum ria’ constituebatur quot annos inter eosdem judicavit.../...[Expl]: (f. 257%) Haec 131

LATIN AUTHORS

initia belli Alexandrini fuerunt. Haec non Manuscript: leguntur in meo libro, recte. Finis. Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit,

Manuscripts : Oud. 10, s. XVII, ff. 118-166’. (J. Geel,

(micro.) Copenhagen, University Library, Catalogus librorum manuscriptorum qui inde Arnamagnaeanske Legat ms. 828, 4to, s. ab anno 1741 Bibliothecae Lugduno Batavae

XVI, ff. 224-257. This is the autograph accesserunt, Leiden, 1852, 160, no. 506). copy. (Katalog over den Arnamagnaeanske Biography : Handskriftsamling 11, Copenhagen, 1892, See above I. 10.

223). 11. JOHANNES BRANTIUS Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale V D 40,

s. XVI, ff. 110-139%. This is an autograph For the publication date, Dedicatory of Fulvius Ursinus and is practically a epistle, and description of the commentary, page-by-page copy of the Copenhagen manu- see above I. 11. script listed above. The seeming disparity in Commentary (part 1): (ed. 1606, Francolength is caused by blank versos in ms. 828, furti, Frankfurt : Apud Claudium Marnium 4to and folios composed of small scraps of et heredes Joannis Aubrii) Johannes Branpaper that have been consolidated by Ursi- tius, Ad libr um I C. Iulii Caesaris de bello

nus. (Kristeller, Iter I 401). civili notae politicae. [Inc.]: Referunt con-

Editions - sules de re publica in civitate. Paulo post

See above I. 9. : ‘Non oportere ante de republica Biography : ad senatum referri’. Rursum : See above I. 9. ‘De reliquis rebus ad senatum refertur’. Est autem ‘de republica referre’ ut docet

10. Rosertus Titus Adrianus Turnebus lib. 14 Adversar. cap.

undecimo.../...[Exzpl.]: Hi regum ami-

For the probability of Titius’ authorship cos ad mortem deposcere. Sic loquitur pasand QOudendorp’s assessment of the com- sim Caesar. Et Hirtius lib. 8 de bell. Gal. mentary, see above I. 10. The commentary : ‘Concitatorem belli Gutu-

is incomplete, ending at II. 36. 1. ruatum (sic) ad supplicium deposcit’.

Commentary: (Leiden Oud. 10) [Jnc.]: Commentary (part 2): Johannes Brantius, (f. 118%) De bello civili liber primus. Lit- Ad librum I C. Iulii Caesaris de bello civili

teris a Fabio C. Caesaris. Non disputo de notae criticae. [Inc.]: Litteris a Fabio C.

inscriptione horum commentariorum, nam Caesaris consulibus redditis. Sic Ven., Beres valde puerilis mihi videtur. Tantum dico roal. et Basil. (sc. editiones). At manus. : illud ‘Pompeiani’ minime prae cessario hic ditis’. Vasc. (se. editio) : ‘Litteris a C. Fabio

inculcari, cum per illa tempora quibus haec Caesaris consulibus redditis’.../...

Caesar scripsit nullum aliud civile bellum [Expl.] : Magnis enim iacturis sibi. Sic recte exarserit, ut opus fuerit distinctionis gratia omnes. Ut et lib. 6 : subnectere.../...[Ezpl.]: (f. 166%) Uti- ‘“Eosque ad se magnis iacturis pollicitationicenses pro quibusdam Caesaris beneficiis. busque perduxerant’. Ms. tamen hoc loco: Universa haec complexio non caret mendo, ‘aucturis’ (sic).

et Rhellicanus quidem ita eam concipit: Editions : Uticenses pro quibusdam Caesaris in se See above I. 11.

beneficiis illi amicissimi erant, ‘cum etiam Biography : ex variis generibus constaret’, suppletque See above I. 11.

vocem ‘multitudo’...Nam sunt clausulae

***conceptae quibus singillatim causae ex- 12. DouBTFUL

primuntur cum Uticenses de deditione lo- a) FRANcIScUS ZAVA querentur. Verbum autem ‘erat’ omnibus

clausulis deservit per synthesim. see above I, 12c. 132

CAESAR

APPENDIX The argumentum is followed by a quota. , tion from Suetonius, Divus Julius XXXV. 1.

I. De bello Alexandrino liber Introduction: (ed. 1574, Lipsiae, Leipzig : COMMENTARIES Andreas Schneider) {Znc.]: Cum superiores

commentarios praeter octavum belli Gallici,

1. JOHANNES RHELLICANUS quem ab Hirtio scriptum constat, C. CaesaFor the publication date, Dedicatory ris esse docti constanter asserant (etsi Franepistle, and description of the commentary, ciscus Floridus tres illos de bello civili non see above I. 4. Rhellicanus attributes the videri Caesaris existimet), de sequentibus Alexandrian War to Hirtius or Oppius. nulli dubium esse potest quin alium auctorem Argumentum : (ed. 1543, Basileae, Basel : habeant. Titulus ab Hirtio vel Oppio proPer Hieronymum Curionem) Johannes Rhel- fectos indicat, quorum uterque inter Caelicanus, In Auli Hirtii aut Oppii librum 111] _—‘Satis familiares et amicos fuit. Ad Hirtium

de bello Alexandrino argumentum. [Inc.]: tamen magis propendet animus quod et in Primum Caesaris auxilia describuntur ; dein omnibus expeditionibus Caesari adhaesit, et Alexandrinorum aedificiorum structura et in praefatione octavi de bello Gallico non totius Alexandriae situs, tertio proelium tantum commentarios rerum gestarum Galnavale ex quo Alexandrini tandem inferiores liae sed et novissima et imperfecta ab rebus

discesserunt.../...[Expl.]: Postremo res gestis Alexandriae usque ad exitum vitae Ponticae ubi et Caesaris victoria de Pharnace Caesaris confecisse sese scribit. Verum huius

describitur. an illius hi commentarii sint, in parvo poCommentary: Johannes Rhellicanus, In nendum discrimine est. ‘Ilud satis liquet

eundem librum de bello Alexandrino annota- priores duos, quartum dico et quintum, a

tiones. {Inc.]: Ab rege Nabataeorum Mal- docto disertoque viro conditos esse; de cho. Plinius lib. 6 ca. 8 et Strabo lib. 16 asserunt Nabataeos po- insulsam etiam et semibarbaram dictionem pulos Arabibus vicinos esse. . ./...[Exzpl.]: habet, quemadmodum cum ad clus enarIn Italiam celerius omnium opinione venit. rationem, quam plerique omnes interpretes Appianus li. 2 Bellorum civilium refert praeter urbanos motus gra- docebimus. . .

vissimam militum seditionem a Caesare Argumentum (in elegiac couplets) : [Inc.] : Romae sedatam esse, ac deinde expeditionem Caesar Alexandri celebrem cum contigit

Africanam factam. arcem/se quoque fraude videns insidiisque

Editions : peti.../...[Eazpl.]: Quo merso Domiti

See above I. 4. gaudentem caede repulsi/Caesar ubi vidit Biography : Pharnaca fudit abit.Glandorpius, Jn See above I. 4. Commentary:librum Johannes quartum de bello Alexandrino annota2. JOHANNES GLANDORPIUS tiones. [Inc.]: Rege Nabataeorum. De Na-

bataeis, quorum genus est a Nabaioth primo-

For the publication date, Dedicatory genito Ismaelis, vide Strabonem lib. 16

epistle, and circumstances surrounding the et Plinium lib. 6 composition of the commentary, see above cap. 25 .../...[Expl.] : Possessam paucis an-

observes that the titulus assigns the remain- fe annis. Deiotarus post caedem Caesaris ing works in the corpus Caesarianum to omnia sibi adempta armis recuperavit, teste Hirtius or Oppius. He concludes that the Cicerone . Alexandrian and African Wars were at least Editions;

composed by an educated author, although See above I. 5. |

the same cannot be said of the Spanish War Biography:

whose language is ‘semibarbarous’. See above I. 5. 133

LATIN AUTHORS

3. PETRUS CIACCONIUS /...[Expl.]: Eidem fetrarchiam legibus (sic) Gallograecorum etc. Illustrat hoc Petrus

For the publication date and circum- Victorius lib. 3 Var. lect. ca. 23, quibus

stances surrounding the composition of the nihil addo. commentary, see above I. 9. The emphasis Commentary (part 2): Johannes Brantius, in the annotations is on textual and phi- Ad A. Hirtii de bello Alexandrino librum lological points. Ciacconius attributes the notae criticae. [Inc.]: A. Hirtii Pansae com-

Alexandrian War to Hirtius. mentariorum de bello Alexandrino liber unus.

Commentary : (Copenhagen ms. 828, 4to) Manus.: ‘Incipit quartus liber Iulii Con[Inc.]: (f. 258) Ex libro A. Hirtii de bello stantini Caesaris bellum Alexandrinum’. Alexandrino. Ut quam angustissimam par- Venet., Beroal., Basil. (sc. editiones): ‘A. tem oppidi. Legerem ‘ut quoniam’, et in- Hirtii aut Oppii commentariorum de bello tellego hanc paludem voluisse Caesarem a Alexandrino liber quartus’. Vasc. (sc. edireliqua parte urbis excludere, quod ea aquam tio): ‘A. Hirtii sive Oppii de bello Alexan-

pabulumque large praebere poterat, ut infra drino C. Iulii Caesaris liber unus’.../... dicitur.../...[Expl.]: (f. 259%) Eidem te- [Expl]: Cum Caelio Vinciano (sic). Ven., trarchiam legibus (sic) Gallograecorum. Scri- Ber. (sc. editiones): ‘cum Caelio Minutio’. bendum existimo ‘tetrarchiam Gallograe- Quod reicit idem Glandorpius.

corum’ ex Dione . See above I. 11. Manuscripts: Biography : (micro.) Copenhagen, University Library, See above I. 11. Arnamagnaeanske Legat ms. 828. 4to, s.

XVI, ff. 258-259%. This is the autograph Il. De bello Africo liber

copy. (Katalog over den Arnamagnaeanske

Handskriftsamling II (Copenhagen, 1892) COMMENTARIES 223).

Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale V D 40, 1. JOHANNES RHELLICANUS s. XVI, ff. 140-141%. An autograph of

Fulvius Ursinus, this part of the codex is a For the publication date, Dedicatory

page-by-page copy of the Copenhagen manu- epistle, and description of the commentary,

script listed above. (Kristeller, Iter I 401). see above I. 4. Bhellicanus attributes the

Editions: African War to Hirtius or Oppius.

See above I. 9. Argumentum: (ed. 1543, Basileae, Basel : Biography: Per Hieronymum Curionem) Johannes RhelSee above I. 9. licanus, In Auli Hirtii aut Oppii librum V de bello Africanoargumentum. ([Inc.}] :Cum ad

4, JOHANNES BRANTIUS finem superioris libri Hirtius Caesaris ad-

ventum in Italiam descripsisset, nunc ab For the publication date, Dedicatory huius libri initio quibus modis inde in Afriepistle, and description of the commentary, cam navigaverit prosequitur. Deinde quo see above IJ. 11. Brantius attributes the pacto Scipionem, Sextum Pompeium Magni

Alexandrian War to Hirtius. Pompeii filium, M. Porcium Catonem cog-

Commentary (part 1): (ed. 1606, Franco- nomento Uticensem, Afranium et Petreium furti, Frankfurt: Apud Claudium Marnium una cum rege Iuba inibi devicerit atque ex et heredes Joannis Aubrii) Johannes Bran- huius regno provinciam fecerit commemorat. tius, Ad A. Hirtii de bello Alexandrino li- Commentary: Johannes Rhellicanus, In brum notae politicae. [Inc.]: Quibus domui eundem librum de bello Africano annotationes. (sic) locupletiores victum cotidianum stipen- [Inc.]: Itineribus iustis confectis. Scilicet ex

diumque praebebant, De ‘praebendi’ verbo Italia Siciliam versus.../... [Expl]: nihil hic scrinia compilans congeram. Tu Ad urbem Romam venit. Plutarchus in Julii vide Lambinum ad Horat. lib. 3 Ode 13... Vita asserit eum de Alexandrinis,

134

CAESAR

Pharnace et rege Iuba triumphasse post- [Expl]: HS centum milibus. Sestertium

quam ex Africa domum redierat. centum milia sive centum sestertia sunt co-

Editions: ronatorum duo milia et quingenti. Suspicor

See above I. 4. legendum ‘sestertium centies’ quod aestiBiography : matur coronatorum ducentis quinquaginta See above I. 4. milibus. Porro Caralis et Sulci praestantiores urbes sunt Sardiniae, auctore Strabone

a Editions:

2. JOHANNES GLANDORPIUS lib. 5 .

For the publication date, Dedicatory See above I. 5. epistle, and circumstances surrounding the Biography : composition of the commentary, see above See above I. 5. I. 5. Glandorpius’ views on the authorship

of the African War are expressed in the 3. Atpus MANUuTIUS JUNIOR Introduction to his annotations on the

Alexandrian War (Appendix I. 2). For the publication date, Dedicatory After the Explicit of the commentary on epistle, and description of the commentary, the African War there follows a summary, see above I. 6. Aldus attributes the African

based on Dio Cassius, Plutarch, Velleius War to Hirtius. Paterculus, and Suetonius, of Caesar’s Commentary: (ed. 1571, Venetiis, Venactions in Italy until the beginning of the ice: Aldus Iunior in aedib. Manutianis) Spanish War (‘Appendix rerum gestarum Aldus Manutius Pauli f. Aldi n., In A. HirCaesaris in Italia usque ad bellum Hispa- tii de bello Africo librum. [Inc.]: Fortuitu.

niense’). ‘fortuito’ Parisienses, quomodo item de Introduction: (ed. 1574, Lipsiae, Leip- bello Gall. lib. 7 cap. 4 .../ zig: Andreas Schneider) [Jnc.]: Dum Cae- ...[Ezpl.]: Populi Romani proconsule. Absar fugientem Pompeium persequitur ac in est ‘proconsule’ a Parisiensi libro.

Aegyptum delatus cum Alexandrinis et Editions:

eorum rege Ptolemaeo bellum gerit, deinde See above I. 6.

contra Pharnacem per Syriam in Pontum Biography :

proficiscitur ; superstites Pompeii duces et e See above I. 6. Pharsalica clade profugi, nacti tempus et

otium, certatim in Africam contenderunt, 4. Petrus CIACCONIUS

Actii Vari copiis et Iubae regis opibus con-

fisi.../...[Expl.]: Hostes enim quam- For the publication date and circum-

libet animis et armis instructos ingenti caede stances surrounding the composition of the profligavit, et ad urbem reversus non huius commentary, see above I. 9. Copenhagen tantum victoriae sed etiam superiorum huc- ms. 828, 4to contains two sets of annotausque dilatos quattuor simul spectatissimos tions on the African War ; both are written

triumphos duxit, Gallicum videlicet, Alex- in the hand of Ciacconius, and, while the

andrinum, Ponticum, et Africanum. lemmata and comments are very similar,

Argumentum (in elegiac couplets : [Jnc.]: they are not identical. The annotations on Africa terribili tremeret cum terra tumultu/ ff. 260-261" appear to be an expanded verPompeii profugos non bene nacta duces... sion of those on ff. 265-266, and it is pos-

/...[Ezpl.]: Se quoque transadigit miseri sible to speculate that the latter constitute dux Scipio belli/fortis et ipse suo concidit Ciacconius’ first draft. The former set

ense Cato. (ff. 260-261"), which was copied by Fulvius Commentary: Johannes Glandorpius, In Ursinus, is the only group to have been

librum quintum de bello Africo annotationes. printed. In both instances Ciacconius attri[Inc.] : Caesar. Hoc tempore Caesar tertium butes the African War to Hirtius.

dictator et consul designatus erat, collega Commentary (set 1): (Copenhagen ms. in utroque magistratu M. Lepido.../... 828, 4to) [Inc.] : (f. 260) In librum A. Hirtii 135

LATIN AUTHORS

de bello Africo. Et insulam petere Aponia- see above I. 11. Brantius attributes the nam quae non (sic) abest a Lilybaeo. Nulla African War to Hirtius. traditur, quod sciam, a geographis insula Commentary (part 1): (ed. 1606, FrancoAponiana Lilybaeo proxima, sed a Ptole- furti, Frankfurt : Apud Claudium Marnium maeo [Taxovta dicitur et heredes Joannis Aubrii) Johannes Braninsula quaedam Lilybaeo obiecta, atque hoc tius, Ad A. Hirtii de bello Africano librum loco ita legendum suspicor et vocem ‘non’, notae politicae. [Inc.]: De scriptore Iusti qua tamen nonnulli codices carent, ex nu- Lipsii hominis doctissimi lib. 2 Elect. cap. 22 mero passuum distantiae a Lilybaeo a li- iudicium adscribere pretium operae visum.

brariis inductam.../.. .[&xpl.]: (f. 261%) ‘Inter libellos’ inquit ‘qui adiuncti comXXX centenis milibus ponderis (sic) olei. mentariis Iulianis, unus est de bello AfriLiber meus: ‘ponderibus’. Legerem: ‘tri- co... Exponit exercitum. Auctor est Dio cies centenis milibus pondo olei’. Et ‘tri- Cassius lib. 42 extremo navi egredientem Caesarem,

Manuscripts: simul terram attigisset, corruisse, quod cum (micro.) Copenhagen, University Library, triste militibus omen videretur ipse laetum

Arnamagnaeanske Legat ms. 828, 4to, s. reddidit. Manu enim extensa terram quasi XVI, ff. 260-261%. This is the autograph dedita opera concidisset attrectavit, exoscopy. (Katalog over den Arnamangaeanske culatusque est inclamans ‘Teneo te, AfriHandskriftsamling II (Copenhagen, 1892) 223). ca’..../...[Expl.]: Precibus a servo suo Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale V D 40, s. impetravit ut se interficeret idque obtinuit. XVI, ff. 142-143". An autograph of Fulvius Simile habes bello Hisp. de Ursinus, this part of the codex is a page-by- Scapula qui ‘novissimo tempore servum iuspage copy of the Copenhagen manuscript sit et libertum, alterum se iugulare, alterum

listed above. (Kristeller, Iter I 401). pyram incendere’. Item de Nerone Caesare

Editions: apud Xiphilinum < Epitome 186> et Aure-

see above I. 9. lium Victorem < Epitome de Caesaribus V.

Commentary (set 2): (Copenhagen ms. 7>, quem Epaphroditus libertus iugularit. 828, 4to [Ince.]: (f. 265) In librum A. Hirtii Commentary (part 2): Johannes Brantius, de bello Africo. Et insulam petere Aponia- Ad A. Hirtii de bello Africano librum notae nam quae non (sic) abest a Lilybaeo. Nulla criticae. [Inc.]: Venio a Caesare. Ciaccotraditur a geographis insula Aponiana, sed a nius ‘Considii’ inquit ‘responsum ostendit Ptolemaeo ITaxwvia legendum hic esse ‘ Venio a Caesare imperaLilybaeo proxima, atque ita hic esse legen- tore’ vel certe ‘Venio ab imperatore’’. Quod dum suspicor et dictionem ‘non’, qua tamen et laudat Iustus Lipsius lib. 2 Elector. c. 22 alii codices carent, milia passuum continere .../.. [Expl.]: Quibus metu exsanguini-

quae Paconia abest a Lilybaeo.../... bus. Omnes: ‘exanguibus’. [Expl]: (f. 266%) Cum iam _ conatus (sic) Editions : esset cum Petreio. Forte ‘collocutus’. See above I. 11.

Manuscript: Biography : (micro.) Copenhagen, University Library, See above [. 11.

Arnamagnaeanske Legat ms. 828, 4to, Ss.

XVI, ff. 265-266". This is the autograph III. De bello Hispaniensi liber copy. (Katalog over den Arnamagnaeanske

Biography : |

Handskriftsamling I1 (Copenhagen, 1892) 223). COMMENTARIES

See above I. 9. 1. JOHANNES RHELLICANUS 5. JOHANNES BRANTIUS | For the publication date, Dedicatory

| epistle, and description of the commentary,

For the publication date, Dedicatory see above I. 4. Although the titulus of the epistle, and description of the commentary, argumentum attributes the Spanish War to 136

CAESAR

Hirtius or Oppius, Rhellicanus appears to 2. JOHANNES GLANDORPIUS favor, in the text of the argumentum, the

authorship of Oppius. For the publication date, Dedicatory

Argumentum : (ed. 1543, Basileae, Basel : epistle, and circumstances surrounding the Per Hieronymum Curionem) Johannes Rhel- composition of the commentary, see above licanus, In Auli Hirtii aut Oppit librum VI I. 5. Glandorpius’ views on the authorship

de bello Hispaniensi argumentum. [JInc.]: of the Spanish War are expressed in the Libri istius summa in tribus consistit : pri- Introduction to his annotations on the mum belli Hispaniensis occasio describitur ; Alexandrian War (Appendix I, 2).

dein proelium ad Mundam in quo Pompeiani The Silva, a didactic poem in elegiacs inferiores facti sunt ; postremo cum Cordu- first published in 1551 (see above I. 5), ba et Hispalis a Caesare essent captae, quo follows the Explicit of the commentary on pacto Sextus Pompeius hinc inde fugiens the Spanish War. tandem in spelunca quadam latitans inter- Introduction: (ed. 1574, Lipsiae, Leipzig : fectus sit. Porro quia de libri istius auctore Andreas Schneider) [Znc.]: Unde natum sit cum veteres tum recentiores dubitant, ego bellum MHispaniense. Bellum Hispaniense quaestionis nodum ita enodandum censue- ex ea seditione quam Q. Cassii concivit ava-

rim.../...{Expl.]: Qui enim ab adules- ritia et rapacitas enatum est. Metuentes centia se in commentando et stilo exercendo enim civitates, ne rerum per tumultum gesin quacumque tandem lingua non exercue- tarum victore ‘Caesare poenas darent, clam

runt dum id in matura iam aetate tentant, datis ad Scipionem litteris partibus illius praeter unum eundemque sermonis colorem se adiunxerunt.../.. [Expl]: Accurrunt innumeros barbarismos et soloecismos com- etiam ex Africa profugi cum classe Sextus

, . ' frater et Labienuscrebris et Actius Varus, quorum mittunt orationemque hyperbatis . multi 1 3 , . copiis auctus, cum etiam aliunde “ae dvaytamod0tous obscurant et hiulcam quomodo fit ad novum bellum confluerent, reddunt. Id quod h ule auctor! (quipp © magi s et vastare provinciam et palam adversus exercitato in militia quam in foro et historia legatos Caesaris bellum administrare coepit. scribenda) usu venisse in aliquot infra locis Haec ex Dionis lib. 43 . Commentary: Johannes Rhellicanus, Jn Argumentum [Inc.|]: Pompeii renovat

eundem librum de bello Hispanienst anno- suboles animosa duellum/qua lavat Hespetationes. [Inc.]: Cum (sic) Caesar muneribus rios Baetis amoenus agros.../.. .[Expl.]: dandis in Italia detinetur. Quibus Caesar Mox etiam alterius iuvenis caput ense reci-

munera dederit ac quae spectacula post sum/otia sed terris non diuturna dedit. varios triumphos Romae ediderit, cum Plu- Commentary: Johannes Glandorpius, In tarchus tum Appianus declarant. Quorum librum sextum de bello Hispaniensi annota-

ille in Caesaris Vita sic inquit: tiones. [Inc.]: Pharnace superato. Nihil

post triumphos ingentia militibus donaria commercii fuit Pharnaci cum bellis civilidedit ; ad conciliandum sibi plebem specta- bus, nisi quod illorum occasione paterno cula edidit conviviaque celebravit, uno die regno recuperando studuit. Proinde videant in duobus ac viginti milibus tricliniis epulum docti quomodo hunc locum legendum iudi-

praebens universis.../.. .[Expl.]: Qua- cent.../...[EBzpl.]: Quarum laudibus et

rum laudibus ac virtute. Nemo non videt virtute. Multa hic desunt non orationi Caeorationem illam et totum librum mutilum saris tantum sed integrae rerum hoc toto esse. Neque enim illa perfecta est neque hic bello gestarum narrationi...Octobri nam-

ut decebat finitur. Finis. que demum in urbem rediisse Caesarem auc-

Editions: tor est Velleius Paterculus . Interea muita gesta esse Biography : Caesari apud Hispanos relatu scituque digna See above I. 4. quis est cui dubium relinquatur? Finis. 137

LATIN AUTHORS

Editions : habere legiones. Meus liber: ‘X lectas habeSee above I. 5. re legiones’. Finis.

Biography : Manuscripts :

See above I. 5. (micro.) Copenhagen, University Library, Arnamagnaeanske Legat ms. 828, 4to, s.

3. Atpus MANUTIUS JUNIOR XVI, ff. 262-263. This is the autograph

copy. (Katalog over den Arnamagnaeanske

For the publication date, Dedicatory Handskriftsamling 11 (Copenhagen, 1892)

epistle, and description of the commentary, 223).

author. , . . . ar ; aa Editions :

see above I. 6. The annotations contain Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale V D 40, the text of a number of inscriptions. Aldus s. XVI, ff. 144-145. An autograph of Ful-

does not attribute the Spanish War to any vius Ursinus, this part of the codex is a page-by-page copy of the Copenhagen manu-

- script(Venlistedng: above. (Kristeller, Iter 1 401). Commentary: (ed. 1571, Venetiis

ice): Aldus Iunior in aedib. Manutianis) Aldus Manutius Pauli f. Aldi n., In librum See above I. 9. de bello Hispaniensi [Ine.] : Clam praesidio Commentary (set 2): (Copenhagen ms. - i oy 828, 4to) [Inc.] : (f. 264°) In librum A. Hirtii Cn. P ompett. Parisienses - clam praeter de bello Hispaniensi. Zfem nonnullae portas

praesidia Cn. Pompeii , 70 /...[Bxp i ° claudebant (sic). Alii: ‘Contra nonnullae Habert. Legere m habere ’ quo verbo alias portas cludeban.’ .../...[Ezpl.]:

et Cicero et alii pro ‘habitare’ usi sunt. (f. 264%) X (sic) habere legiones. Aut ‘X’

Editions : abundat aut numerus correctus est. Et See above I. 6. ita infra legitur ‘quarum’.

Biography Manuscript: See above I. 6.: (micro.) Copenh Uni ‘ty Lib . penhagen, University Library, Arnamagnaeanske Legat ms. 828, 4to, s.

4, PETRUS CIACCONIUS XVI, f. 264°-V. This is the autograph copy.

oo, (Katalog over den Arnamagnaeanske Hand-

For the publication date and circum- = skriftsamling II (Copenhagen, 1892) 223). stances surrounding the composition of the Biography : commentary, see above I. 9. As in the case See above I. 9. of Ciacconius’ annotations on the African

War (Appendix II. 4), there are two sets of 5. JOHANNES BRANTIUS

annotations on the Spanish War in Copen-

hagen ms. 828, 4to. Here, too, Ciacconius is For the publication date, Dedicatory the scribe of both groups, which, though epistle, and description of the commentary, quite similar, are not identical. The com- see above I. 11. The ‘Notae criticae’ are ments on ff. 262-263 are followed by a very brief. Brantius attributes the Spanish

shorter version on f. 264°’ which may War to Hirtius.

represent his first draft. The former (ff. 262- Commentary (part 1): (ed. 1606, Franco-

263) were copied by Fulvius Ursinus, and furti, Frankfurt: Apud Claudium Marare the only ones to have been printed. nium et heredes Joannis Aubrii) Johannes In both instances Ciacconius attributes the Brantius, Ad A. Hirtii de bello Hispaniensi

Spanish War to Hirtius. librum notae politicae. [Inc.]: Nonnullae Commentary (set 1): (Copenhagen ms. civitates sua sponte auxilia mittebant. Su-

828, 4to) [Znc.] : (f. 262) In librum A. Hirtii pra de bel. Afr. : ‘Uti antequam rex manum de bello Hispaniensi. Item nonnullae por- colligeret, seseque oppugnaret, sibi auxilium

tas claudebant (sic). Liber meus: ‘Contra mitteret’. Sic ‘subsidium mittere’ infra

nonnullae portas claudebant’. Vetus co- non longe .../...

dex: ‘Nonnulls portas contra clude- [Expl]: Apud vos beneficia pro maleficiis,

bant’, .../...[Expl.]: (ff. 263) X (sic) maleficia pro beneficiis habentur. Supra 138

CAESAR

: ‘Illo beneficio suum maleficium brum notae criticae. [Inc.]: Sicut et omne existimabant se lucri facere’. Opponit haec genus quibus ignis per iactus solitus est mitti. eadem T. Livius libro quinto Annal. quemadmodum ‘Servis suis vetant do- et Beroald. (sc. editiones): ‘sicut et omne mini quidquam rei cum alienis hominibus earum rerum genus quibus’.../.. .[Ezpl.]: esse, pariterque in iis beneficio ac maleficio Manus saepe et saepius. Ven., Bas. et Vas. abstineri’. ...Usque adeo verum est quod (sc. editiones) : ‘semel et saepius’. Glandorp. Corn. Tacitus scribit libro quarto Annal. legi vult ‘non semel sed saepius’.

: ‘Beneficia eo usque laeta Editions :

sunt dum videntur exsolvi posse; ubi mul- See above I. 11. tum antevenere, pro gratia odium redditur’. Biography :

Commentary (part 2): Johannes Bran- See above I. 11.

tius, Ad A. Hirtii de bello Hispaniensi li-

139

-

¥

CLAUDIUS CLAUDIANUS* | by Amy K. CLARKE

Fortuna. 142 (Newnham and Lucy Cavendish Colleges, Cambridge)

and Harry L. LEvy (Duke University)

I. Panegyricus Carminadictus (Claudianus maior). 151 Probino et Olybrio consulibus. ]

In Eutropium.

In Rufinum.

De bello Gildonico.

Fescennina de nuptiis Honorii Augusti.

Epithalamium de nuptiis Honorti August, Panegyricus de tertio consulatu Honorii Augusti. Panegyricus de quarto consulatu Honorii Augusti. Panegyricus dictus Manlio Theodoro consuli.

De consulatu Stilichonis. ,

Panegyricus de sexto consulatu Honorii Augusti. De bello Pollentino sive Gothico. Carminum minorum corpusculum.

1. Gaufridus Vitreacensis? (Jn Rufinum only). ,

2. Anonymus Riccardianus. 3. Georgius Burkhardt Spalatinus (De Salvatore only).

4. Martinus Antonius Del Rio. |

5. Stephanus Claverius. 6. Johannes Tornorupaeus (De tertio, De guartoconsulatu Honorii Augusti [excerpta only)).

7. Doubtful commentaries. a. Ludovicus Ponticus Virunius. b. Johannes Camers. c. Julius Caesar Scaliger ; Adrianus Turnebus. d. Hieronymus Surita

II. De raptu Proserpinae (Claudianus minor). , 161

1. Gaufridus Vitreacensis.

2. Anonymus Riccardianus.

* Miss Clarke was responsible for the Fortuna and for the MS material, Mr. Levy for the printed books. Mr. Levy gratefully acknowledges a grant-in aid from the American Council of Learned Societies which en-

abled him to work in libraries in England and on the Continent. , 141

LATIN AUTHORS

3. Petrus Franciscus Justulus. 4. Aulus Janus Parrhasius. 5S. Hermannus Buschius.

6. Jacobus Locher Philomusus. 7. Jacobus Praevosteau (Book I only). 8. Martinus Antonius Del Rio. 9. Stephanus Claverius.

ITI. Graeca. 171 FORTUNA marriage took place in Africa, possibly soon

after the honour paid him in Rome. He

Claudius Claudianus (called Flavius Clau- returned to Rome in 402 to recite his panedianus in a few manuscripts) was born in gyric on Stilicho’s victory at Pollentia, and

Egypt and probably at Alexandria. His was in Rome again in 404 to celebrate the Egyptian origin and residence is implied in sixth consulship of Honorius. This is his Carm. min. XXII 56 commune solum and last datable poem, and we have no further

58, nostr a Nilus ; it is confirmed by Sidonius knowledge of his life. His death before 405 Apollinaris IX 274 Pelusiaco satus Canopo is a probable though not certain conjecture

(a poetical equivalent for Egypt). This does from his silence on the critical events of not necessarily prove that he was of Egyp- 405-406.

tian stock. He wrote in both Greek and The curious assertion by ‘Laurentius’

Latin, but the assumption frequently made Lydus De magistratibus I 47 that Claudian that he wrote first in Greek as his native was a ‘Paphlagonian’ is explained, probably tongue, and only later in Latin, does not rightly, by Birt as a reference to his style.” seem absolutely proven. It rests chiefly on The description of him as Gallus which ClaCarm. min. XLI 13-14, but it is possible verius claims to have found in vetere codice

that these refer to a change of theme is accounted for by confusion between him rather than a change of language. Only and Claudianus Mamertus. But a supposed a very few of his Greek poems have sur- origin in Florence took strong hold in the

vived and it is very difficult to date them. — fourteenth and fifteenth century. Donatus Nothing definite is known of his life be- ait in Florence Ricc. 3007 seems to represent

fore 395, when he appears in Rome as the an attempt to give the theory an ancient panegyrist of the young consuls Olybrius justification. The ‘epitaph’ found in Philand Probinus, with both of whom he formed lipps 9125 and (more correctly) in Rice. a close friendship. It is possible that he 3007 is said to have been composed by Pewas in Italy some years earlier than this, trarch’s friend, Coluccio Salutati, to reconcile but there is no conclusive evidence. From the Florentine legend with the fact of Clau395 onwards he was in the imperial service dian’s Egyptian birth.3 The origin of the and became the panegyrist of Honorius and myth may have been simply a misunderStilicho, producing a long series of political standing of the word Florentine in De raptu poems, dexterously contrived to support, or Preface Book II, 50. But it may conceivably to conceal, Stilicho’s policy. He rose to contain some faint tradition of a residence in reasonably high rank in the imperial civil Northern Italy. service, becoming vir clarissimus, tribunus

et notarius, and his poetic eminence was marked by the erection of a statue, with a 2. T. Birt, ed., Claudii Claudiani Carmina laudatory inscription, in 400 A.D. in Rome. (MGH, Auct. Ant. X) Berlin, 1892 I, pp. iii-v. For

He married a lady of means, through the the origin of ‘Laurentius’ see A. Cameron, Clauinfluence of Stilicho’s wife Serena,! and the dian. Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Hono-

—— $$$ $___________— rius (Oxford, 1970), p. 3, n. 4.

1. Carm, min. XXXI. 3. Birt, op. cit. i-ii, note 6.

142

CLAUDIANUS

Claudian’s attitude to Christianity has tury. He is cited by another learned bishop, been much debated. It is probable that he Ennodius, Bishop of Pavia. He seems to adhered, in some degree, to the official have been known to Gildas of Bath, who religion, which was also that of his patron may have gained this knowledge in Ire-

Stilicho, and there is no reason to doubt the land.“ The list can be largely extended and authenticity of his two Christian poems, — the knowledge shown includes all branches Carm. min. XXXII and the light-hearted In of his work in Latin — De raptu ProserIacobum, Carm. min. L. He was certainly not pinae, the historical poems, and the Carmina baptised, since Augustine describes him as minora. a Christi nomine alienus.4 But his friendship From the seventh to the eleventh century with the Anicii (through Olybrius and Pro- the situation is different. Very few references binus) brought him into Christian circles to Claudian are found and there is no proof

and his poetry shows some knowledge of of imitation. There is however a thread of Christian writers, — of Ambrose, Minucius continuity. Some knowledge of Claudian is Felix, possibly Jerome, and just possibly cited for the Irish Columban,” for Aldhelm,

Juvencus. He could perhaps best be de- for Alcuin in the Carolingian age.“ Charscribed as an interested observer, without lemagne’s library included some at any rate

any alignment with the pagan party in of his works ; so did Bobbio in the ninth

Rome. century, the likely date of its catalogue.'® The early fortune of his works is not Excerpts from Claudian appear in collecobscure, and our knowledge is definite tions as early as the ninth century.” But though incomplete. He enjoyed celebrity from the eleventh century onwards the

in his life-time, and the inscription on his whole situation changed. Claudian became a

statue, which was set up in the Forum Trai- familiar and much-quoted author, and ani in 400 A.D., has survived as evidence ——————__——_—_—_——

of this.5 Orosius, his contemporary, de- 10. Ep. Il, 6.

scribes him as poeta eximius, even though 11. T. Mommsen, MGH XIII, pt. I, Berlin 1894, (in his view) paganus pervicacissimus.® p. 35, finds evidence for knowledge of Claudian Augustine, another contemporary, quotes in Gildas’ expression vallem Tethyaeam (vel Tihim.? He was imitated by his contempo- thicam) — quod apud Claudianum Tethys passim raries, —— Licentius,’ Rutilius Namatianus, pro oceano usurpatur. He is fellowed in this by Prudentius.®? Throughout the fifth and sixth Ignazio Cazzanica, Gildas e la Historia Brittonum

centuries he continued to be read and imi- (Milan, 1961). Though the grounds are flimsy, tated, — by Sidonius Apollinaris, Dracon- there is no inherent improbability.

tius, Corippus; by Venantius Fortunatus, 12. F. Raby, Secular Latin Poetry I, 162. particularly in his epic on St. Martin of 13. Birt, op. cit. Introduction III, p. Ixxx. Tours ; probably by Boethius ; by Alcimus 14. Ibid. p. Ixxxi. Avitus, Bishop of Vienne in the sixth cen- 15. J. B. Hall, De raptu Proserpinae (Cambridge,

——_$ 5. 1969) Introduction III p. 67; A. Cameron, op. cit.

4. De civitate Dei V, 26. p. 420.

5. C. I. L. VI 1710. See Birt M.G.H. XI. 16. Cameron op. cil. p. 422 gives relevant inforxliii. (The inscription as he gives it seems to be mation here ; so also Hall 68. wrongly punctuated and sui, which he questions, 17. Birt, Introduction III p. clxxiii ; E. M. San-

is right). ford “The Use of Classical Authors in the Libri 6. Historia VII. 35, 21. Manuales.” Transactions of the American Philo7. De Civ. Dei V 26. logical Association 55 (1924) 190-248.

8. This may have been mutual. See A. K. 18. See especially M. Manitius, “Beitrage zur

Clarke, “Claudian and the Augustinian circle al Geschichte rémischer Dichter im Mittelalter. Milan”, Augustinus XIII (1968) 125-133. Claudianus.” Philologus XLIX (1890) 552-60 ; 9. See D. Romano, Claudiano, Palermo 1958, and Geschichte der lat. Litteratur des Mittelalters, App., pp. 143-5. The examples are not conclusive Munich 1911-31. See index v. I] and III, s.v. Claudia-

but support what is in itself a probability. nus. See also Birt, Introduction pp. 1xxxi-ii. 143

LATIN AUTHORS

manuscripts were multiplied, many of them that the twelfth-century pages of Vaticanus lavishly glossed. With very slight excep- lat. 2809 contain a part only of Claudianus tions our manuscript tradition of Claudian maior, beginning with the Fescennina. The begins in the twelfth century and continues, rest of his work was added at a later date,

in a massive and bewildering stream, until and De raptu Proserpinae not until the the sixteenth. Yet for any evaluation of fifteenth century.

this immense material, it is necessary first Veronensis 163 shows that Claudian was to look much further back and to ask how included among school authors as early as

the poems were first — presumably soon the ninth century. When the _ twelfthafter Claudian’s death — collected up and century revival came, the circulation of preserved for circulation. They were of De raptu received a great impetus from its three kinds, — the unfinished mythologi- inclusion, often with the Achilleis of Stacal epic, with the (also unfinished) Latin tius, in libri Catoniani, and sometimes in Gigantomachia, the political poems, and the other school readers. It is probable that it numerous short pieces, many of them no continued to be read in schools at least down

doubt in private hands. Were they all to the sixteenth and early seventeenth cengathered in unum volumen,— the view tury. The poem is also found in separate

preferred by Jeep, — or were they at first manuscripts (Claudianus minor or parvus), published, or republished, separately, so or included with Claudianus maior. Altothat the “omnibus” manuscripts, containing gether more than 130 manuscripts, of which

all three, are of later date? That De raptu over fifty are before the mid-fourteenth was published separately from the first is century, are listed by Hall.2* They fall, cogently argued by Hall. It seems the more at all dates, into two groups, according as tenable view, especially if — as is possible they contain the longer or shorter version —- its later part was composed in a rather of the poem. The origin of the double different milieu, — the literary circle of version remains obscure: it is not imposFlorentinus.* The most natural supposi- sible that Claudian wrote the poem in two tion is that the Carmina minora — including forms, as Keats did with Hyperion, and that

the fragment of a Gigantomachia, — were both survived. Whatever the origin, both also published separately, probably with versions held their ground. But in ail other fresh additions from time to time, contrib- respects, the manuscripts, both earlier and

uted by private owners. Some slight sup- later, present insoluble problems. Any port is given to the theory of separate attempt to give them a clear history is publication by the fact that of our two bedevilled by deep contamination, and in oldest manuscripts of Claudian, both belong- the later manuscripts particularly an uning to the ninth century, one contains, at bridled fertility of conjecture has produced the end of a mixed collection of authors, the a plethora of variant readings. Dr. Hall is Gigantomachia,™ and the other a selection the first scholar who has made a re-assessfrom the Carmina minora, along with the ment, for De raptu, of Birt’s conclusions, Disticha Catonis and other passages chosen and his final paragraph on the manufor school reading.*4 These would seem not script tradition sums up the situation. the most obvious choices from the whole “It follows” (from the extent of the contamicorpus of Claudian.** It is also significant ——_—_-——_——

—_————— minora XX VIII De Nilo, but here the choice is 19. For Florentinus and his brothers, see Sym- governed by the subject-matter of the other selecmachus, ed. O. Seeck, (MGH, Auct. Ant. VI Ber- tions, from Bede and Isidore. lin, 1883), Ep. IV passim, especially pp. 103-117. 23. Shakespeare’s reference in The Tempest,

See also Cameron op. cit. 401-02. Act IV Sc., 1, to ‘the means that dusky Dis my 20. Codex Sangallensis S n. 429 (Birt’s G). daughter got’ secms to imply knowledge of the

21. Codex Veronensis 163 (Birt’s R). part played by Venus in De raptu. 22. One of the eleventh century manuscripts, 24. Hall, Introduction I, Catalogue of ManuCodex Regin. lat. 123 also contains Carmina scripts pp. 3-33. 144

CLAUDIANUS

nation) “that we can have no other guides from a number of poems. These selections in our search for truth than the requirements were in most cases the probable source of of sense and the linguistic habits of the quotations found in mediaeval texts. Some

author.” Anglo-Norman records of the twelfth cen-

Birt lists over a hundred manuscripts of tury provide a good illustration of their Claudianus maior in whole or part, and his range. Quotations occur from De raptu III list is not complete. A re-assessment of this 152...imis tremor ossa medullis (of the tradition too is needed, but it is likely to Christians defending Jaffa against the Saralead to the same conclusion as that noted cens in 1192); from De bello Gildonico 384-

above. 5; Eutropius I 181-9; De quarto consulatu The manuscripts give us some evidence Honorii 299-300. This last is of especial

of the main centres, at different periods, of interest, since it occurs in a letter written by interest in Claudian. In the twelfth-century Archbishop Becket to Henry II at Chinon in

France played a leading role. The one 1166. He quotes from a celebrated locus, complete mediaeval commentary on a poem the counsels of Theodosius to his son:

of Claudian which is extant was written in Componitur orbis

France in the twelfth century and preserved Regis ad exemplum.®

in a manuscript of the thirteenth. The long Glosses on the manuscripts appear in fragment of a twelfth-century commentary abundance from the thirteenth century on Zn Rufinum which was found in Paris in onwards, and some of these may be of older 1884 was probably also of French origin.™ origin. The colophon of Bodl. Lat. class. c. 12 A French manuscript of the twelfth century states that Gaufricius composuit, emendavit, contains a full and carefully chosen set of et edidit the glosses, and this presupposes a

quotations from the majority of Claudian’s body of existing material. Some of this poems.?”7. In England, too, Claudian was could go back a very long way.” But there well-known from the twelfth century on- is no survival of continuous commentary wards. A number of the manuscripts, of earlier than the twelfth century, and few are the thirteenth and fourteenth century, are found at any period. A general knowledge of English origin. English religious houses of Claudian in the Middle Ages is attested by contained manuscripts of Claudian and quo- the scattered quotations but there is no tations from him occur frequently in very sign that his work was often read as a whole. different contexts. The picture that emerges The fourteenth century seems to have is of a widely diffused European knowledge brought a revival of interest, especially in of Claudian, especially strong in France and Italy. Petrarch knew Claudian’s work well England. The poem best known was De and the manuscript which he owned is now

raptu Proserpinae, but this was not the . only work read. In Rufinum was especially

popular: it had first place in very many 28. For these four quotations see: 1) Chronicles manuscripts, and its influence on Alain de and memorials of the Reign of Richard I ed. Stubbs, Lille’s Anticlaudianus suggests familiarity Rolls Series 38, i, p. 406 ; 2) Chronicle of Roger of in literary circles generally. But the widest Howden ed. Stubbs, Rolls Series 5, ii, pp. 150-1 ;

general knowledge of Claudian came from 3) do. iii, p. 72. 4) Materials for the History of excerpta. He was a favourite author for Archbishop Becket, ed. Robertson & Sheppard, Florilegia at least from the twelfth century Rolls Series 67, A ep. CLIV. Items 2) and 3) are also onward. His neat and concise expression of found in the Chronicle of Benedict of Peterborough, proverbial wisdom or moral sentiment made Stubbs, Rolls Series, 49, 1) p. 199; 2) p. 143. a great appeal, and the selections are drawn I am indebted for these quotations to Mr. Stephen

— Davies, B. A., Peterhouse, Cambridge. 25. Hall, Introduction II, pp. 63-4. 29. Literary comment on Claudian may be

26. See below, Commentaries 1. found in the sixth century, if Servii in Florence

27. New Haven, Conn., Yale University Library, Bibl. Nat. Magl. VII 144, is, as seems likely, a

Marston MS 45, ff. 107-109. scribe’s mistake for Securi. See below, p. 151 n. 1.

145

LATIN AUTHORS

in Paris.° This was the period when the of the manuscripts which Parrhasius used. “Florentine” myth flourished. It was partly Later editions did not always take advantage

corrected in the “Epitaph” ascribed (by of his improvements. Camers (1510) was Gyraldus) to Coluccio Salutati ;*! but Villani, well acquainted with his work but reverted

in his Liber de civitatis Florentiae famosis in a number of passages to the Vicenza

civibus (ed. G. Galletti, Florence 1847 p. 6- edition. Francinus (Florence 1519) follow-

8) treats Claudian as the first Florentine ed this reversion still further and repro-

poet. See also Villani’s work Vita e Chostu- duced many old errors. Asulanus (Aldine, mi di Claudiano poeta fiorentino preserved Venice 1523) redressed the situation by in Ms. II 9, 33 of the Bibl. naz. centrale in making good use of Parrhasius and added

Florence (Mazzatinti XII, 39). In the some improved readings on his own ac-

fifteenth century Claudian’s reputation in count. The Aldine — even apart from the Italy was at its height. Italian manu- “Gyraldine Excerpts” — made a serviceable scripts become numerous: the earlier manu- contribution to the text of De raptu, chiefly scripts were studied and the first printed by stabilizing Parrhasius’ work. editions began to appear. Claudian held the Camers’ edition was the exemplar used by place as one of the major Latin poets which Michael Bentinus in his 1534 edition (printed

he was to retain until the nineteenth cen- by Isengrin at Basle). He used also two tury. fresh manuscripts (whose readings he rePrinting of Claudian began, as might be corded in the margin) of which one certainly expected, with De raptu. The first edition (Claudianus maior) was of the greatest

(at Venice, probably printed by Valdarfer) value.*2, The “Isengrin” formed the basis appeared in 1471: it was printed six times of all work done on Claudian until Heinbefore 1482, when the edifio princeps of sius’ editions in 1650 and 1665, and the

Claudian’s complete works was printed by many editions intervening® did comparativeCelsanus at Vicenza (H.C. 5370 ; Goff C-701). ly little to throw light on the text. Scaliger, He was followed by Verardus at Rome (De who edited the Plantin edition (Leiden 1603)

raptu only) and by Ugoletus’ first edition had no fresh manuscript material on which (Parma: H.C. 5371 ; Goff C-702), both in to work, and until this was available con1493. Ugoletus based his edition, as he jecture, however brilliant, had only limited

says, on a fresh study of three manu- value. The vast compilations of Barth

scripts, one of which he had brought back (1612 and 1650), impressive in bulk, did no from Germany and describes as “veneran- more than contribute one or two improved dae vetustatis.” He removed some of Cel- readings. These are Birt’s “flosculi grati inter sanus’ errors but in some cases (e.g. De spinas densissimas.” This was the situation raptu 111 347) introduced his own. Parrha- rectified by Heinsius, whose edition had the sius’ edition, though only of De raptu, was solid basis of more than forty manuscripts by far the most important contribution made examined by him. His edition held the field in this period ; he made many improvements till the nineteenth century as far as the text in the text, most of which still stand, and was concerned, though Gesner’s edition his voluminous commentary is well worth (Leipzig 1759) contributed some judicious examination. He was the first to print a general commentary. The vast compilation commentary with the text; and the ar- published by Burman secundus (Amsterdam rangement of his edition recalls that of the 1760) is still a useful “digging-place” of inmanuscript containing the commentary of formation but hardly claims to be more.

Geoffrey 32. of Vitry. was conceivably one78-81, a ——— Hall,This Introduction IV, pp. attaches 30. Paris, Bibliothéque Nationale, MS lat. 8082, more value than Birt to the second manuscript

thirteenth century. It contains both maior and (Claudianus minor), and his evaluation, as he minor. For Petrarch’s appreciation of Claudian, says, ‘comes close to that of Heinsius.’

see especially Romano, op. cit. pp. 151-2. 33. For these see Birt, Introduction VIII: De

31. See Birt op. cit. I, IT n. 6. Editionibus ; Hall, Introduction IV: Editions.

146

CLAUDIANUS

Jeep's edition (De raptu 1874, and the centuries the habit of quotation continued, whole of Claudian 1875) wer. the first at- and passages found in the earliest Florilegia tempt at a new assessment. ‘The weakness of were still familiar. A line from one of the this is cogently shown by Dr. Hall (op. cit. most celebrated of these — mobile mutatur 90-91). Theodor Birt’s great edition (M.G.H. semper cum principe vulgus — almost cerX 1892) still “bestrides the nerrow world” tainly gave the word “mob” to the English of modern Claudian scholarship “like a language.*® Whether his poetry as a whole

colossus,” but its most valuable contribu- was much read is doubtful. Bayle, at the tions are made in various sections of the turn of the seventeenth century, recognises Preface. Everyone who has worked on any Claudian only as the author of Zn Rufinum. part of Claudian’s text in detail finds him He has an article on Rufinus (none on Stili-

frequently at fault. The Teubner text cho) with marginal references to Claudian, (1893) edited by Koch follows Birt almost and a lengthy disquisition on I 1-24.37

entirely. Since then, valuable work has been Though he refers to Barth’s edition, it is done in individual editions, and Dr. Hall’s only in connection with this passage. In

re-examination of the text of De raptu the next century, a letter of Voltaire sug-

pointed the way to a new recension of the gesls that Claudian was not common readwhole of Claudian’s text which is urgently ing. After asking for a text of Lucan he needed. It is good news that this is being adds “Si on pouvait trouver aussi un Clau-

currently undertaken by Dr. Hall. dien, il y aurait beaucoup de choses 4 ci-

The nineteenth century, which saw the ter.” 88 He was probably thinking of both as beginnings of serious critical work on Clau- sources for Roman history, in connection dian’s text, saw also a decline in his reputa- with his edition of Corneille. Early in the tion. Hitherto, with’ very few exceptions, next century Voltaire’s disciple, La Harpe,

his poetic status had been assumed. In the anticipated some later criticisms by his

twelfth and thirteenth century he seems to remarks on Claudian, whom he characterises have been read with spontaneous pleasure. as déclamateur. “L’harmonie (of his poems) A twelfth century manuscript (B. M. Eger- ressemble parfaitement au son d’une cloche ton 2627) prefaces De raptu with the remark qui tinte toujours le méme carillon.” ®° Incipit liber Claudii hominis eloquentissimi. Yet Claudian had admirers, and — as will The scribe of Bodl. Auct. F. 5. 6 (thirteenth be seen — enthusiastic translators, at the

century) ends with the remark Explicit close of the eighteenth century and the

Claudianus cuius opus est laudabile. The beginning of the next. Thomas Taylor “the admiration with which he was regarded Platonist” included lengthy selections from throughout the Renaissance was accompa- the Latin text of De raptu in his Dissertanied by more awareness of his historical tion on the Eleusinian and Bacchic Mysteries, setting and regret that he had not found, as first printed in 1790 or 1791. His chief ob-

they thought, a worthier subject matter.* ee

This view continued through the seventeenth The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole’s Correspon-

century and is summed up by Heinsius in dence XXIX, 1959 p. 256. the dedicatory verses (cited from the 1660 36. Pan. de quart. cons. Hon. 302. Cameron edition) where he characterises Claudian as (op. cit. p. 432 n. 1) is surely right in tracing the Primis secundum nempe vix poetarum origin of ‘mob’ to Claudian, rather than to Statius

Si floruisset re vigente Romana. Silv. ii. 123. There is the further point that in The eighteenth century, as a whole, saw Claudian, mobile begins the line. little change, although MHorace Walpole 37. Dictionnaire Historique et Critique 2nd ed. towards the end of the century described (Rotterdam 1702) Vol. III pp. 2622-2626. Claudian’s poetry as “fustian.”*5 In both 38. Correspondence, ed. Th. Besterman. Vol.

ee XLVIII pf. 228. 9634 April-May 1762.

34. See, for example, Florence Rice. 153 (I, 2 39. Lycée ou Cours de Littérature Ancienne et

below). moderne par J. F. La Harpe T. premier, pp. 235-6. 35. Letter to William Mason, 25 June 1782: Paris 1818.

147

LATIN AUTHORS

ject was to show its allegorical significance, There is one field, however, in which but he alludes admiringly to “this beautiful Claudian has never, at least since the poem of Claudian.” * Although not widely fifteenth century, suffered neglect. Few known (as Coleridge implied a little later),4! if any Latin poets have been so assiduously

he still had not lost the place among the translated, and a complete survey of what Latin poets which Chaucer had accorded him was done through the centuries, in transla-

in his “House of Fame.” tions of whole poems or of parts, would

But the situation changed as the century require a volume to itself. Pride of place advanced. There were three principal rea- must be given to the fifteenth-century verse sons: the general, and lasting, distaste for translation “Trans & wrete at Clar’ (Clare) rhetoric in poetry; the closer study of the 1445. Deo Gratias.” (British Museum, Add. period, which showed the highly tendencious MS 11814). This translation of part of De character of Claudian’s historical poems and consulatu Stilichonis has both literary and destroyed his reputation for political wis- political importance. Written in racy Middle dom ; above all, the detailed analysis of his English, it was dedicated to Richard Duke of language, which led to great emphasis on York, with whom Stilicho as the model of its derivative and imitative character. The princely leadership is clearly compared. Its Preface to the Nisard Claudien (1850) writ- probable author is Osbern of Bokenham, and ten by J. Victor Leclerc condemns his style it shows the movement of the house of York of poetry in unmeasured terms: “Nulle va- against Lancaster (represented by Henry VI) riété de lharmonie, nulle simplicité, nulle at an early stage. A second English translagrace, nulle vérité.” It is a fair example of tion from Claudian appeared in 1531, — this the change of tone, and as a result Claudian’s time an abbreviated version of the counsels poetry — apart from occasional appreciation of Theodosius (IV Cons. Hon. 214-418) — in of De raptu and Carm. min. XX — was Thomas Elyot’s Boke Named the Governour.*® only valued as an historical source, and that In Italy during this century, when Claudian’s

of a dubious kind. His fortune has been vogue was at its height, there were numerous better in this century ; his work has engaged vernacular renderings. De raptu was transthe serious attention of a number of scholars, lated by Livio Sanuto (printings, 1551 and

as the accompanying list shows, and some ee

have formed a higher opinion of his poetry.* Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti.

—_——$$______—_—_— Neue deutsche Forschungen Bd. 176 Abt. klass.

40. Thomas Taylor The Platonist, Collected Phil. 7, Berlin 1938 ; by H. L. Levy, In Rufinum Writings edited with introduction by Kathleen 1935 ; by J. B. Hall, De raptu Proserpinae CamRaine and George Mills Harper, Routledge and bridge 1969; and by H. L. Levy, Claudian’s in

Kegan Paul, London 1969, pp. 343 seq. Rufinum. An exegetical commentary. Philological 41. ‘Claudian deserves more attention than is Monographs of the American Philological Associagenerally paid him’, Coleridge, Table Talk, Septem- tion, No. 30 (1971). The Use of Images by Claudius

ber 1853. Claudianus, Peder G. Christiansen (The Hague

42. Appreciation of Carm. min. XX, the ‘Old 1969) breaks new ground in the investigation of Man of Verona’ dates from further back. A Claudian’s technique. Smaller general works and fifteenth century manuscript (Pistoia, Bibl. Forte- many valuable articles have made, in sum, a guerriana, A 1, misc. S. XV, f. 93) contains, in a striking contribution to a ‘Claudianean revival.’ very mixed collection of prose and verse, this 44, Ed. E. Fligel, Anglia XXVIII (1905) 255single poem from Claudian, — Claudiani versus 97. See also R. Weiss, Humanism in England

de vita rustica. during the Fifteenth Century (Oxford 1941) Intro43. Noted assistance to a revival of interest and a duction p. 9 note 1. For a full discussion see reappraisal of Claudian has been given by P. Cameron op. cit. pp. 429-431. Fargues, Claudien (Paris 1933), D. Romano, Clau- 45. The Boke named the Gouvernour, by Thomas diano (Palermo, 1958), by A. Cameron, Claudian, Elyot, ed. from the first edition of H. H. S. Croft Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Honorius (London 1880), cited in this connection by Came(Oxford, 1970): in editions, by K. A. Miller. ron, op. cif. p. 433. 148

CLAUDIANUS

1553).4 1) a hac satyra prima materiam

on Horace, Ars poetica. aggreditur principalem | et cam dividit in Bibl, : Chevalier, Biobibliographie 1, 738 ; vrnaieal on mee oe Cornute abens const

Mazzuchelli II, 4 (1768) 2468-69 ; Ramorino, ; ; eee op. cit. 231-32; T. Simonelli, in Uomini parte reprehendit scriptores, in tertia recita-

illustri Pisani IV (1792) 159-90; R. Sabba- tores, in quarta auditores reprehendit. Et

dini, La scuola e gli studi di Guarino Guarini merp a ane cb serm onems «2! * (ezP . ‘|:

Veronese (Catania, 1896) 40 ; Tiraboschi V, 2 (Sat. - ) TYSIPPUS PAvosopaus uit

(1807), 498, 646. sectae Stoicae qui cum habuit ta annos incepit scribere librum in quadraginquo coacervatim omnia scripserat, quae sibi vene9, FIFTEENTH-CENTURY ANONYMOUS COM- rant in mentem. Et scripsit usque ad an-

MENTARIES. num octuagesimum, ita quod putabant ali-

a) Bruxelles, Bibliothéque Royale, 21089-90. qui do 4 ibrum tinicit. it habiturum finem. [Inc.} : (fol. 97) Intentio huius poetae est Quando tandem finivit, ita Persius etc. per

reprehendere vitia et extollere virtutem ; hoc nee isto carmine suum finivisse opus ad illam quoque lectores operis inducit. sicut C TYSIPP ns.

Reprehendit autem hoc primo loco poetas Manuscr ip oy h. B . ae as ineptos, qui cum ingenio exercitationeque (micro.) uet ayerseite Se oan careant saepe, tamen ad scribendum acce- thek 9094, s. » cart., fols. 230-29 Vv. dunt..../...Hoc carmen est iambicum (Halm, Catalogus I, 3 24-25 no. 193 ; Scar-

trimetrum. .. et iambum in primis... cia 286).

(Sat. I, 1) In hac satyra accusat vacuas c) Naples, Bibl. Naz. V D 17. curas et vanitates hominum praesertim scri- (fol. 1) other hand: Aquili comment. in bentium vana sine fructu propter gloriam Persium. [Inc.]: Nec fonte labra (Prol. 1). tantum et locatur in libro primo per dia- Iambici metri genera tredecim enumerat logum.../...[Expl.]: (fol. 113v) (Sat. VI, Ser(vius) in Centimetro inter quae hipponac80) Chrysippus fuit philosophus Apollonii tium quod trimetro acatalectico constat.... Solensis filius, et hic Cleanthes dicitur de (the following folios combine specific comquo Cicero in 2° De natura deorum inquit.... mentary on the Prologus, with other material

Alii dicunt eum trecenta et undecim volu- sometimes found in an introduction, e.g. a mina de dialectica struxisse.... Nunc Persius discussion of satire and of poetic inspiravidens non esse finem nec modum in avari- tion)... (fol. 9) Martialis: Saepius in libro tia, inducit filium avari dicentem. O Chry- memoratur Persius uno / Quam levis in 249

LATIN AUTHORS

tota Marsus Amazonide (Epigr. IV, 29, 8-9). qui finiat tuum syllogismum qui numquam Et ut superflua recidamus, ad Persium re- finitus est, nam semper multiplicibus tuos

vertor. syllogismos (sic ; tuis syliogismis ?) in infini-

O curas hominum. (Sat. I, 1). Stupidus tum vel acervi idest operis tui de logica vero poeta curis hominum circa inania positis quod consumpsisti fere omnem hereditatem. principium ab exclamatione sumpsit, ut qui Et sic est finis.

diu tacuerit demum vitiis vocem emittere Quamquam in hoc commento plures incogatur. . ./.. .[Exzpl.] (fol. 106) O Chrysip- correctiones reperiuntur, attamen puto mihi pus tu inventus finitor acervi tui. Pinge (7?) non veniunt imputandae cum paucitas mei

ubi sistam, ubi morer, nec ad ulterius lu- ingenii originale minime (?) valuit emencrum progrediar. Prior tamen placet magis dare.

sententia quam damus Persio contra avi- Manuscript:

ditatem illius quem induxisse per mimesim (micro.) Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale, XIV diximus, Chrysippus autem ut scribit Laer- D 22, s. XV ex., cart., fol. 59-126v (Kristel-

Manuscript: ; ; .

tius libro (sic, fragmentary at the end). ler, Iter I, 409 ; Scarcia 310).

in Scarcia). , ; . (micro.) Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale V D e) Pisa, Bibl. Univ. 690.

_ , libello plurimum operis in praemittendo prooemio conteramus, dubito ne videamur 17, s. XVI, cart. (Kristeller, Iter I, 415; not . [inc.} : (fol. 223). Ftsi NOs in exponendo

d) Naples, Bibl. Naz. XIV D 22. pictoribus vanis aut sculptoribus similes,

[Inc.]: (fol. 59) Nec fonte prolut caballino qui cum imaginem facturi, si in capite fin(Prol. 1). Teste Martiale libro epigrama. gendo modum excederent nec aliis partibus 4°, Saepe in libro numeratur (sic) Persius convenirent, equidem irridendos putarem. uno (IV, 29, 8) et teste Quint. de iudicio Igitur pauca prius praetermissa (sic), s. de auctorum, Multum et verae gloriae quamvis poetae vita, de libri titulo, de intentione uno libro meruit Persius. Sed antequam elus, ad carmina exponenda veniemus.

ad ea quae sunt operis perveniamus, prae- Aulus ergo noster Persius Flaccus ex

ponenda sunt de vita ipsius poetae, de Vulturio (sic) municipio oriundus. .. . (there titulo, de carmine iambico, de satyra, et in follows a brief treatment of the three points qua philosophia continetur. . . (there follows mentioned). .. (fol. 223v) statuit illos imitari

an introduction under the headings listed) ut sua tempora carperet. Satis pro re dixis.. (fol. 61v) videtur Persius versari in his se arbitror, admodo (sic) veniamus ad expoomnibus partibus (sc. philosophiae) idest sitionem. quando publice, quando private et domestice Nec fonte labra prolui caballino (Prol. 1). vivendum sit. Iam ad ea quae sunt operis Non est proponere satiricorum brevi quid

perveniendum est. sint dicturi neque invocare mos fuit, sed sola Nec fonte labra prolui caballino (Prol. 1). indignatione incipere statim ab ipsa. ReQuae sunt ipsius operis attingamus in pri- prehendit in principio malos muitos poetas mis ut non invocat Persius teste (sic) omni- qui audebant sua carmina Musis dicare. . ./

no in poetria nec deus intersit nisi dignus ... quasi dicat: quid facerent si X canti-

vindice nodus inciderit. .../. ..Melos (Prol. corum nummos consequerentur aut etiam si 14). Graeca est dictio, dicitur suavitas et spes esset et qui sunt inepti ut corvi canedulcedo ; melos Pegaseum, idest suavitatem rent ut poetae viderentur.

Pegasei fontis et dulcedinem poeticam. O curas hominum O quantum est in rebus O curas hominum O quantum est rebus inane (Sat. I, 1). Incipit cum indignatione

inane (Sat. I, 1). Haec satyra constituta est quasi velit reprehendere vanas curas ho-

in genere deliberativo. Tria enim facit. minum / (f. 224) et sunt verba Persii, et

Primo dubitat an sit scripturus satyram et tamen quod reprehendit alios suspicabatur constituit nemini parcere neque senioribus nullus lecturus. Sua enim scelera avide auneque iunioribus. . ./.. .[Expl.] : (fol. 126v.), dit nemo..../...[Eapl.]: (f. 232) excussit. . . Inventus finitor tui acervi (Sat. VI, 80) idest aristas (III, 115) pilos. rectum (?) ad simili250

PERSIUS

tudinem horrescunt pili ob timorem, et Primo enim tanquam optimus satyricae

excutiuntur etiam. tu dicis et facis ea quae facultatis professor indignabundus ingrehoresces (sic) non sanus nam durat solum ditur....deinde ostendit multo frequensed sunt non esse sani sed insani hominis tiorem eorum scriptorum concursum et

(sic 2). confluentiam futuram Romae si pretium Manuscript: conferri sibi speraverint. (micro.) Pisa, Biblioteca Universitaria Nec fonte labra prolut caballino / Nec in

690 (Roncioni 11), a. 1451, cart., fols. 223- bicipitt somniasse Parnasso. Indignabunde 32. The commentary extends only through et clamose P roterendus est textus ut in Ho-

Sat. II, 15. (Mazzatinti XXIV 58 no. 680 ; mt principio: Quit jit Maecenas (Serm. Scarcia 415 ; Kristeller, Iter II, 76 ; C. Vitelli, totum (Sat Ly Semper 290 autor

“De Codice Roncioniano Scholiorum in , i ne re ;

Iuvenalem”, Studi italiani di filologia classt- ae an eos data spe P eed posse egregie

ca X [1902] 29-39 at 30-31). ‘ana eres cum tamen sint rudes penitus et f) Pistoia, Bibl. Fabroniana 317. O curas hominum., O quantum est in rebus

[inc.]: Si in tam vario litterarum genere inane. Haec est secunda satyra in qua in-

et tam diversa scriptorum copia latinis tendit tria potissimum facere Persius, s. aliquantum gloriari licet, in hoc uno potissi- primo reprehendere scriptores, secundo scrip-

mum licet et iure contingit quod cum cae- torum recitatores (et eorum materiam).. ./

teras omnis fere bonas artes omnis fere ...[Expl.]: Inventus Chrysippe tui finitor disciplinas a Graecis inventas acceperint, acervi ut dicamus, quantacumque avaris satyrarum auctores ipsi soli extiterunt... crescat rerum abundantia. numquam ta(a brief history of Latin satire to Persius) men satiantur, immo sic in infinitum eo... Persius cuius opus cum pro ingenioli rum desiderium extenditur ut qui avaritiae mei viribus exponendum susceperim, non- finem voluerit imponere, facile etiam syllonulla breviter ac necessario ante textus ex- gismum Chrysippi definire posse videatur. positionem tangenda putavi: primo enim De syllogismo Chrysippi lege apud Hora-

quae auctoris vita, secundo quis operis ti- tium Fpistula paenultima, qui qualis sit tulus, tertio quae sit eius intentio, quarto et quomodo fiat per hosce versus illic no-

quae carminis qualitas. tatur : Aulus Persius Volterranus patre Flacco Utor permisso, caudaeque pilos ut equinae

Sisenna matre natus...(the points are Paulatim evello demo unum demo et item

developed in order, with an account of unum

satire included under the discussion of the Dum cadat elusus ratione ruentis acervi

title)... Notandum tamen est quod in Qui redit in fastos et virtutem aestimat

versibus iambicis ultima syllaba semper annis. (Epist. II, 1 45-48), Exemplum de indifferenter ponitur. Sed haec hactenus, syllogismo Chrysippi, si centum anni fadeinceps ad exponendum textum veniamus. ciunt auctoritatem poetae, ergo et nona-

Nec fonte (Prol. 1). pro argumento et ginta; si nonaginta, ergo et octuaginta;

materia huius primae Satyrae quae tamen si octuaginta, ergo et septuaginta, et sic de et quasi exordium operis praemittitur re- singulis, donec numerus ad unum usque vocandum est memoriae quod alibi etiam destruatur. notatum est et potissimum apud Juvenalem Finis Aulii Flacci Persii Oritii (?) comquodam tempore fuisse tantam scriptorum menti optimi et copiosissimi, die octavo Ja-

confluentiam Romae.... Intendit itaque nuaril 1462 Ferrariae.

in hac prima Satyra Persius carpere et Manuscript:

reprehendere huiusmodo ostentatores_ et (photo.) Pistoia, Biblioteca Fabroniana iactatores homines bestios (sic) qui cum num- 317, a. 1462. It will be noted that the quam studuerint numquam bonis artibus Explicit corresponds closely with that of invigilaverint, se doctos velint perhibere. the anonymous commentary in Venice, Facit autem hance satyram_ tripartitam. Marc. Zan. lat. 458 (1658) ; see below p. 252).

201

LATIN AUTHORS

There are also correspondences as well as et verae gloriae hoc uno libro Persius eme-

differences in the opening portions of the ruit. Titulus est: Auli Persii Volaterrani commentaries, and it may be that the two Liber Satyrarum Incipit... (the title leads are reports of the lectures of a single scholar. into a discussion of meter, in particular (Mazzatinti I, 276 no. 148; Scarcia 417; iambic meter). ../...[ Expl.) : (fol. 1v) AliKristeller Iter II, 76). We are indebted to quando Trochaeum et Tribracum improprie Dott. Giancarlo Savino of the Biblioteca quidem cum venia exponendo aperiemus Forteguerriana for the gift of photos of the nec quemquam fugiat ultimam syllabam

manuscript. in versibus iambicis indifferenter poni.

g) Rome, Biblioteca Angelica, ms. 1350. p Commentary. [inc]: Nec Tonte. (Prol. 1)

Introduction. {Inc.] : (fol. 286v) Nota quod ersius in hac prima satyra intendit carpere ad exponendum libros solent plerique auc- et reprehendere ° stentatores qn cum numtores vitam praeponere ut ea cognita audi- quam bonis artibus Anvigilaverint insolentoribus is gratior fiat... (nine lines on the ua quadam et temeritate se doctos profite-

Vita followed by a gap). Satyra talis est ri (?) non erubescant. ../... cantare (Prol. carmen est reprehensorium et dicitur satyra 14) carmen effingere. Pegaseum melos, idest a satura quae in sacris deorum diversis fer- ca ntilenam haustam de fonte Pegaseo Mu-

culis referta super altare ponebatur... sis dedicato. Vel melos Pegaseum idest (eight lines) [Ezpl.]: sed vilibus et cotidia- nectareum vel dulce carmen, a

nis utitur sermonibus. O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1) Principale Commentary. [Inc.] : Nempe (sic) nec fonte. aggreditur opus et ponit O ad exprimendam

(Prol. 1) Fabula talis est quod Forcus ha- indignationem et ex abrupto incipit, idest buit quatuor (sic) filias quarum una no- ego curas hominum dico. Et secundum alimine Medusa pulcherrima vagans per li- quos haec est secunda Satyra. O quantum tus, Neptunus istius amore captus persecu- inane. quanta inanitas in rebus humanis, tus est eam.../... (fol. 287) corvos poetas q. d. vana sunt quae saepenumero cogitant (Prol. 13). poetris poetridas, vel dos, pro fe- et propterea nihil effectus inest rebus ipsis.

(mine)o, ex hoc poeta pro masculino. pe- Nam si uno modo mortales cogitant, alio gaseum melos (Prol. 14) dulcidinem eam Pe- modo deus ipse disponit. Vel O curas ac

gaseam. si di(ceret) inutiles et sine fructu quia elegi O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1) Tacitum ver- mihi quae minime conveniant perversis

bum ex indignatione, sic Ver(gilius) Quos viventium moribus. ; ‘|. --dnventus Chry-

ego... (Aeneid I, 135) item exclamantis sippe tui finitor acervi (Sat. VI, 80). ut et indignantis et potest iam haberi admira- dicamus, quantacumque crescat avaris re-

tive (?).../...[Expl.]: (fol. 299v) (on Sat. rum abundantia, numquam tamen satianVI, 80) etiam me multiplicando divitias tur. Immo sic interim eorum desiderium ex-

meas aliquem finem imponere. tui acervi. tendet, ut qui finem avaritiae imponere voargumentationis multiplicando semper res luerit, facile etiam syllogismum Chrysippi ut conmeniat (?) de primo ad ultimum. diffinire posse videatur. De quo syllogismo

Manuscript : lege apud Horatium in penultima Episiola,

Roma, Biblioteca Angelica 1350 (T. 4. 15), II, 1 45-48 qui qualis sit et quomodo fiat

s. XV ex., miscell., cart., fols 286v-299v. per hosce versus illic notatur.

(Narducci, Catalogus 1 567, 68 ; Scarcia 424). Utor permisso caudaeque pilos ut equinae Paulatim vello et demo unum, demo

h) Venezia, Marc. Zan lat. 458 (1658) etiam unum

Introduction. [Inc.}: (fol. 1) Aulus Per- Dum cadat elusus ratione ruentis acervi

sius Volaterranus patre Flacco, Sisenna ma- Qui redit infaustos (sic) et virtutem aes-

tre natus pridie nonas Decembris Fabio timat annis.

Persico L. Vitellio consulibus. .. (there fol- Ut in hoc exemplo patet: Si centum anni lows a brief Vita)... de quo Quintilianus X faciunt auctoritatem (?) poetae, et nonaOratoriarum Institutionum libro: multum _ ginta; ergo octaginta. Si octoginta, ergo 202

~ PERSIUS septaginta (sic), et sic de aliis donec nume- avarum ut finem in rebus ponat ne periculis

Manuscript: Finis 1494.

rus ad unum usque destruatur. se exponat ut heredem ditet.

Venezia, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Manuscript : Marc. Zan. lat., 458 (1658), s. XV, cart., (micro.) Wien, Osterreichische Nationalfols. 1-43v. It will be noted that the Ex- bibliothek 3094 (Phil. 67), s. XV, misc. cart., plicit corresponds closely with that of the fols. 214v-235v. a. 1494. (S. Endlicher, Cacommentary found anonymously in Pis- talogus codicum philologicorum 7 no. XIV; toia, Bibl. Fabroniana 317 (see above p. 000). Tabulae codicum manuscriptorum II, 199; There are also correspondences as well as Scarcia 579). differences in the opening portions of the two commentaries, and it may be that they 10. SozoMENUsS PISTORIENSIS.

are reports of the lectures of a single scholar. ; . Scarcia 564). mously in two manuscripts (British Museum, Harleian Ms. 3989, and Yale University Ms.

(A. M. Zanetti 181 ; Kristeller, Iter II, 211; A commentary which is found anony-

i) Wien, Oesterreichische Nationalbibl. 3094 58) is probably the work of Sozomenus PistoVita Persti (fol. 214v) [Znc.]: Aules Per- riensis, though it shows considerable depen-

sius Flaccus Lunensis civis filius natus Etru- dence on the earlier commentary of Fran-

riae vola teris (sic) civitate pridie nonas ciscus de Butis and many passages are reNovembris ut Valerius Probus scribit Lu- peated verbatim (see above, p. 247). The cio et Vitellio consulibus.../...[Expl.] : inter Harleian manuscript is an autograph of satyros poetas Latinos quorum primus Lu- Sozomenus, and it is dated by A. C. de la cius vel Lucilius, secundus Horatius, ipse Mare in the neighborhood of 1427 (The Persius tertius cuius memoria collenda est Handoriting of Italian Humanists I, 1 p.100;

argento aere auro marmore carminibus. see below under Biography for full title). Argumentum, [Inc.]: Quidam ignavi cum The Yale manuscript is a copy made by indocti sint et arrogantes quadam verbo- Bartholomaeus de Baldinottis in 1461, at a rum ineptia se ipsos claros ostendere nitun- time when Bartholomaeus was only sixteen , tur exponunt hunc illos poetas reprehendere and was probably studying under Nicolaus intendisse quod a Musis in Parnasum mon- Fabronius in Pistoia (see A. Chiti, Tommaso

tem deportati Helicona fontem degusta- Baldinotti, Pistoia, 1898, p. 16 bis, 24, 29, runt et divinorum poetarum animos intra 37). se susceperunt.../... [Expl.] ;: quomodo ma- The argument that Sozomenus was the gis ego propter studium et litterarum et author and not simply the copyist of the amore glorie debeo studuisse et modo quae anonymous commentary rests in part upon

didici audere scribere. his early and continued interest in Persius,

The text of Persius follows fol. 215a in part upon the relation of the commentary with some interlinear and with full marginal to other Sozomenus manuscript material glosses. The marginal glosses read. [Jnc.] : connected with Persius. Parnassus mons est, ut Strabo et Valla scri- In the neighborhood of 1415-20, or perbunt, Phocidis qui Boeotiae accumbit, et haps a little later (see de la Mare, op. cit.

ad occidens Phocidis locatur. Ovidius... . p. 100), Sozomenus copied out a text of

(fol. 215v) O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Haec Persius (Pistoia, Biblioteca Forteguerriana,

prima satyra scribitur de his qui publice A. 16), to which he also added _ glosses.

captant famam eloquentiae et favorem im- These glosses have parallels both in the com-

peratoris (sic). .../...[Expl.]: (fol. 235v on mentary of Franciscus de Butis and also Sat. VI, 80). Chrysippus princeps sectae in the anonymous commentary of the HarStoicorum inventus est tertius post Ze- leian and Yale manuscripts, but they are vernonem, scripsit trecentos et undecim li- bally closer to the latter. It is also clear that bros in dialectica. . . . crescit et mortuus est. this Persius text was the basis of the anony-

Unde bene per translationem...(?) ad mous commentary. Sebastiano Ciampi in 1810 293

LATIN AUTHORS

noted the variants of the text of the Pis- hic est quod poetas reprehendit et primum toia manuscript as against the standard tra- suae professionis homines reprehendit ut dition (S. Ciampi, Notizie, Pisa, 1810, p. 33). alii nec putent contra ipsorum vitia se fore

The text offers a somewhat unusual recen- taciturum. Creditur tamen poetam scripsion, yet all of the first ten variants are also sisse hunc prologum iambico metro, licet found in the anonymous commentary. Fi- vitio scriptorum sit corruptum. nally, Ms A. 33 at Pistoia contains a note- Commentary, (Prol. 1) Nee fonte labra. book of Sozomenus with Persius material at Prima haec satyra_ reprehendit [ms. rethe end, including a Vita Persii and an prendit] poetas qui sibi falsum nomen poetae introduction to the Safyrae (see A. Man- induebant, qui maxime volebant effici poecini, “Un quaderno di scuola di un umanista tae sine doctrina et videri cum non essent. celebre” p. 288; for full reference see below Unde istud nec requirit aliud, quod poetae under Biography). It is particularly signi- illi vel potando de pegaseo Monte (sic) vel ficant that Sozomenus here works out fully somniando in Parnaso monte se sapientiam the story of Phorcus and his three daugh- acquisisse et poetas esse profitentur.../... ters; such a treatment had been found in [Expl.]: cantare (Prol. 14) idest describere. the vulgate Tradition B and is included in pegaseum melos idest poeticam dulcedinem the anonymous commentary, but it is lacking vel musaicam et hic est hyronia. melos suave

in Franciscus de Butis. dulcis sonus, dulcus cantilena a suavitate

All in all, therefore, the available evidence dicta. Papiafi.e. Papias the Lombard, makes it extremely likely that the anony- Vocabularium]. mous commentary is the work of Sozomenus O curas hominum (fol. 6, Saf. I, 1) Finita himself, though it is still possible that he ila satyra secundum aliquos, sed melius may have served simply as the copyist of an credo dicere finito prologo [ms. prolagol, earlier revision of the commentary of Fran- quia eadem est materia, videlicet poeta, re-

ciscus de Butis. citator, et auditor et ipse author, sed quicIntroduction. [Inc.]: (Yale University quid sit dividitur in quinque partes quia

Library, Marston Collection 58 fol. 1) Persius primo author ponit admirationem suam Flaccus satyricus poeta Vulterris nascitur super vanitatem poetarum, quia non scri-

anni mundi DCCXXXIIII (sic), imperii bunt nisi sicut credunt placere populo ; Tyberii anno XXI. Item moritur Persius secundo reprehendit recitantes lasciva et anno aetatis suae XXVIIII, anno imperii obscoena, et tam scriptores et auditores

Neronis VIIII. Haec Eusebius de tempori- obscoenorum et quorum (Harleian 3989: bus. Ceterum cum de eo Persio mihi apud ex quo) fere totum genus humanum realios fide dignos plura non sint comperta, prehendere videtur, ibi scribimus inclu-

puto melius tacendum quam multa de st (I, 13). Tertio redit ad poetas sive eo dicere. .. Scripsit ergo Satyram in qua authores, introducendo adulatorem ad deprimum Lucilium imitatus est, sed etiam fendendum partes authoris et se _ repre-

Neronem illius temporis principem culpa- hendentem ibi fum vetulae auriculas (J, 22). verit, dicens auriculas asini rex Mida habet. Quarto redit ad recitatorem et adulatoQuod dictum Cornutus correxit dicens : au- rem ponendo altercationem suam cum amriculas asini quis non habet, ne Nero in se bobus, ibi os (sic) pueris monitus (I, 79). dictum crederet. Huius unici libri varia Quinto introducit reprehensorem suum su-

vitiorum genera sunt materia.... pradictis et excusationem suam, _ibi (I,

Utitur ergo prologo in hac prima Satyra 107) Sed quis opus teneras..../...[Expl.]: in qua reprehendit poetas et maxime illos (fol. 77) Finttor tui acervi (VI, 80). quem qui sine litterarum (MS liderrorum) praemis- numquam finivisti tu sistam, idest sistere so studio (? word partly in worm-hole) possim, idest necubi quia bona mundana scribebant et hoc solo freti quod de Pegaseo sunt insatiabilia ; deus autem aeternus est fonte potassent vel quod in Parnasso som- bonum perfectum, quod _ satiat [corrected niassent, unde neque isto neque illo unquam from santiat) mentes nostras, cui sit honor dicit se sapientiam fore consecutum. Et et gloria in saecula saeculorum. Amen. 254

PERSIUS

Ego Bartholomaeus de Baldinottis scripsi A. C. de la Mare, The Handwriting of Italian

anno MCCCCLXI. Humanists, Vol. I, Fase. I (Oxford, 1973)

Manuscripts: pp. 91-105 with Plates XX-XXI. The pre-

(micro.) London, British Museum, Har- sent biography is largely drawn from de

leian 3989, s. XV, cart. et membr., fols. 1-81. la Mare; R. Piattoli, “Per la biografia dell’ A note in Greek at the end lists Sozomenus umanista Sozomeno”, Bollettino storico Pisas the owner. (Nares, Cafalogue III, 101; foiese XXXIV (1932) 135-47 ; idem, “Nuove

Scarcia 235). ricerche intorno all’umanista Sozomeno”, New Haven, Yale University Library, Rivista storica degli archivi toscani V (1933)

Marston Collection 58, anno 1461, fols. 1-77 239-48 ; idem, “Ricerche intorno alla biblio-

(unnumbered). teca dell’umanista Sozomeno”, La_ BiblioBiography : filia XXXVI (1934) 261-308 ; R. Sabbadini, Sozomenus Pistoriensis (Franciscus Lu- “La biblioteca di Zomino da Pistoia”, Ri-

cae, Sozomeno, Zomino da Pistoia) was born vista di filologia XLV (1917) 197-207 ; Mazza-

in Pistoia in 1387, the illegitimate son of tinti, Inventari, Aggiunte e correzioni al Vol. ser Bonifazio di Jacopo. In 1402 he studied I, Biblioteca Forteguerriana, Pistoia, by Gian-

in Pistoia under Antonio di ser Salvi da carlo Savino (Firenze, 1962). For the Per-

San Gimignano. He was apparently ordained sius manuscript copied by Sozomenus, see in 1407 and studied canon law at Padua for no. 7, p. 11; C. E. Wright, Fontes Harleiani the next years, with interludes at Florence. (London, 1972) 368-69, a list of Sozomenus When his studies were completed, he moved manuscripts in the Harleian collection, with to Florence ; he was active in church affairs a brief biography; G. Zaccagnini, “Uno and attended the Council of Constance in storico umanista pistoiese”, Studi di lettera1417. Meanwhile his interests turned more fura italiana II (1900) 209-60 ; idem, “introto humanistic matters, and in the 1420’s he duzione” to Sozomeni Pistortensis Chronicon was engaged in private teaching at Florence. Universale (Rerum italicarum scriptores, new In 1431 he was appointed for a year to the edition, XVI, 1) 1908; idem, “L’insegnaFlorentine Studio to lecture on poetry and mento d’Antonio da S. Gimignano in Pisrhetoric, and he may have done so earlier. toia e il Sozomeno” Bollettino storico PisSozomenis also taught at Pistoia in 1448. toiese It (1900) 7-12; F. A. Zaccaria, BiblioHis pupils included Leonardo Dati, Matteo teca Pistoriensis (Augustae Taurinorum, 1752) Palmieri, Pandolfo di Gianozzo Pandolfini, 28-57. and Francesco di Paolo Vettori. During the

last years of his life, Sozomenus seems to 11. GUARINUS VERONENSIS. have devoted himself mainly to an immense

universal chronicle, running from the crea- Guarinus’ commentary on Persius, like tion to the middle of the fifteenth century. the somewhat earlier commentary on JuHe died in 1458. He left his large library to venal, is based on classroom lectures which the charitable foundation of the Opera di he delivered in Venice, Verona, and Ferrara. San Jacopo in Pistoia. Many of his books In the six manuscripts which I have studied, are now in the Biblioteca Forteguerriana there are some variations in the phraseology, in Pistoia ; a large number are in the Har- as well as some individual omissions and

leian collection in the British Museum. additions. The earliest dated manuscript Bibl.: Chevalier, Bio-Bibliographie 1,2 (1458) is now at Modena and bears no 4310; Cosenza IV, 3298-99 and V, cards ascription to the author in the manuscript

1687-88 ; Joecher IV (1750) 705. itself, though the hand-written catalogue

Augusto Mancini, “Un quaderno di scuo- has a pencilled attribution to Guarinus. la di un umanista celebre”, Atti del Reale The Vatican and Ambrosian codices, also Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere, ed Arti unascribed, differ from the others in having LXXXVIII (1928-29) 279-88 ; Alberto Maz- inserted after the note on Sat. I, 9 outlines

zanti, “Ancora del Sozomeno”, Bollettino of all six satires. The two manuscripts in Storico Pistoiesee XXXVIII (1935) 148-53 ; Venice are dated 1465 and 1471 respectively. 290

LATIN AUTHORS

I have chosen the earlier one (lat. XII. 21) ratis viribus tuis animum adhibere et ad as the basis for the data given below; it divinam eloquentiam nervos tuos intendere alone contains the dedication, by Francis- ut possis consequi auctoritatem dignitatem cus Roellus Ariminensis to Cardinal Bar- in sacrosancto Romanorum cardinalium

tholomaeus Roverella. tuorum (sic) ac denique diademam pontiDedication (Venice, Marc. lat. XII 21 ficalem. Habes Calcidium tuum sane vifol. 1-2). Excellentissimo in Christo Patri rum disertissimum et eloquentissimum didno. dno. B(artholomeo Roverellae) Car- cendi et scribendi hac aetate nostra excellendinali Ravennati dno. suo praestantissimo ter, sunt tibi multa alia adiumenta, nisi tibi Franciscus Roellus Ariminensis R. (sic) p.d. defuerint eloquentissimum virum evades

[Inc.]: Do tibi, praestantissime domine, (sic). De me vero sic persuadeas velim id

commentariolos Persii Volaterrani editos per iuris et auctoritatis et potestatis in me ha-

Guarinum nostrum Veronensem in quo bere quod in caeteros tuos servitores docquantus ornatus, quantague sententiarum tissimos et ornatissimos habes. E domo nosgravitas existat dicendum esse minus con- tra die XVITII Decembris M CCCCLXV. stitui, praesertim cum libellus talis viri sit The illuminated initial which follows the ut eius dignitas per se mirum in modum lau- Dedication encloses the figure of a student detur. Atque is est ut eum Hortensii ac kneeling on a parquet floor before Guarinus, Ciceronis illius libri equoperandus (sic) ne- who is sitting in a low-backed chair and mini dubium esse potest minimeque alterius wearing a red robe. laudationis indigeat. Non enim ignoro suam Commentary. Guarini’ Veronensis viri singularem prudentiam suam divinam sa- disertissimi atque clarissimi oratoris compientiam, quas quidem virtutes verbis com- mentariola in Persium feliciter incipiunt. plecti et difficillimum esse mihi ac (sic) Introduction. [Inc.|]: Ad librorum exposiCiceronis res illustrissime gestas divinis tionem solent plerique auctoris vitam prae-

laudibus extollere vellem. Talis profecto ponere ut ea cognita auditoribus is vita suus liber est ut non ab immortalis (sic) gratior fiat et liber ipse maiori cum auctori-

ingenio sed a divino potissimum spiritu tate legatur.../...[Exzpl.}: Sunt autem in

scriptum non ego solum in animum induco primo versu spondei duo, primus videlicet meum, verum etiam omnes qui eum lege- et ultimus. Et sciendum hanc primam satyrint sibi facile ita esse persuadent. Sed quid ram loco prohemii esse compositam.

suum divinum ingenium appello? immor- Nec fonte labra(Prol. 1). Ut paulo ante

talem (sic), quod immortalem esse semper in vita diximus, hic poeta ad scribendum im-

fere omnes intelligunt. Verum et si hoc pulsus est maxime quia imperitorum Romae mihi assentatorie dici videtur quare, quaeso, infinitus poetarum numerus erat, qui poe-

ab eruditissimis discipulis suis, quare ab mata conficiebant.../...Pegaseum melos

aliis doctis ac bonis viris qui ut ei fides ad- (Prol. 14) per dulcedinem et suavitatem divi-

hibeatur digni sunt (sic) quique suum li- nae poesis quae ex Pegasei fontis gustu brum lectitarunt dicentes se quanto magis comparatur. Alias melos significat memeum ornatissimum legebant tanto majore brum, hic est dulcedo. cupiditate ac ardore eum lectitandi incende- Sat. I. In hac satyra exequitur ipsius

bant (sic). Intelliges si haec a me assentandi propositum, in qua exemplarina (sic, deleting gratia dici possunt, quid enim de talibus vi- pla with dots) tria maxime reprehendit perris dici potest. Itaque ego sibi quantum in sonarum genera, scriptores videlicet imperi-

me est gratias ago quod me suis laudibus tos, auditores, et recitatores inanes, et eam diiudicavit (sic). Neque credo quae a me tractat in dialogi modum. Introducit quendicta sunt non assentandi gratia neque quod dam ex suis amicis colloquentem. Perite

eis dignus sim sed amore singulari in me im- autem reprehendendo inania hominum vota

pulsura (sic) dixisse. Praeterea rogo, ob- et studia, ut satyrus ex abrupto et indignasecro, obtestorque, praestantissime domi- tione prorumpit in verba sicut Juvenalis ne, ut velis cum omni cura studio ac dili- Semper ego auditor tantum? (Sat. I, 1). O gentia in his studiis humanitatis corrobo- curas hominum (Persius, Sat. I, 1), Tacuit 296

PERSIUS

enim verbum, id est dico nimia ex indigna- certe notus et penitus es perditus. (Kristeltione sicut Virgilius Quos ego (Aen. I, 135). ler, Iter II, 314 ; Scarcia 534). Intellegitur autem: dico esse inanes vani- Venice, Bibl. Marciana, Marc. lat. XII. 21

tates... ./.. .[Exzpl.]: (fol. 69v) et doce me (4687), a. 1465, cart. et membr., fols. multiplicando divitias meas aliquem finem 1-70. Neat humanistic hand with a mar-

imponere. Tui acervi (Sat. VI, 80) argu- ginal index by the same scribe. The

mentationis, multiplicando semper res ut codex was previously in the Monastery of cum veniant de primo ad ultimum etc. SS. Giovanni e Paolo. (Kristeller, Iter, If, Finis téAoc Guarini Veronensis viri diser- 240, R. Sabbadini, op. cif. above under tissimi atque clarissimi commentariola in Modena, 93 ; Scarcia 562).

Persium feliciter expliciunt. Venice, Bibl. Marciana, Marc. lat. XII

Manuscripts : “ (3956), °. Nee ware ans . 1-46. . . ursive script. No ascription to Guarino in

. Milan, Bibl. Ambrosiana C 45 sup., s. XVI the commentary. The elaborate frontispiece in., paper, fols. 1-52. Incomplete ; ends at bears the note: Sua vero sibi pecunia comSat. V, 30, with the following folios blank. paravit Jacobus Morellus Bibl. Venetae

(Kristeller, Iter I, 297 ; Scarcia 259). custos. Venetiis MDCCLXXVIII. A. Persii Milan, Bibl. Ambrosiana N 160 sup.,s. XV, Satyrae cum commentario Guarini Veronen-

cart. The manuscript contains two com- sis. fol. 1 Scripsit Paulus Ramusius Ariminen-

mentaries of which the second contains sis Patavii anno MCCCCLXXI et LXXII. much Guarinus material but is incomplete fol. 46 Expositiones A. Persii finiunt quas

at the beginning and the end. It begins on Paulus Ramusius Ariminensis decimo secunfol. 50 with the commentary on Sat. I, 47 and do kalendas Octobris hora quindecima volanti ends on fol. 99 with the commentary on calamo transcripsit. MCCCCLXXII Paduae.

Sat. VI, 7. (C. Marchesi, op. cit. 583-4 ; The commentary is substantially the same

Kristeller, Iter I, 302 ; Scarcia 263). as that in the other Venice manuscript but

Modena, Bibl. Estense. 405 (Alpha F has some omissions and additions. (Kristel6, 25), a. 1458? fols. 1-51v. The colophon ler, Iter II, 243; R. Sabbadini, op. cit. 93 ; reads: Finis recollectarum sive glossella- Scarcia 563).

rum in Persium 1458 Jan. XXVIII Patavii. Biography:

Has recollectas ab Antonio Palazolo habui See CTC I, 204. Add to the bibliography : ex suo exemplari quod summis precibus ab Luciano Capra “Contributo a Guarino Vero-

illo extorsi. Franciscus Petrarcha de Per- nese” Ital. med. e umanistica XIV (1971) sio (different hand, which also added some 193-247; E. Garin, “Guarino Veronese e la notes, especially quotations from classical Cultura a Ferrara” in his Ritratti di Umanis-

authors). No mention of Guarino. This ti (Firenze, 1967) 69-106. manuscript follows Vat. lat. 2711 more closely than it does the two Venice codices. 12. OmnIBONUS LEONICENUS. (Kristeller Jter I, 371; R. Sabbadini, La scuola e gli studi di Guarino Guarini veronese Omnibonus’ commentary on Persius was

[Catania, 1896] 93 ; Scarcia 274). written before 1460. In contrast to the Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2711, s. XV, cart., wide diffusion of his commentary on Juvenal,

fols. 111-150. No ascription to Guarino, the Persius commentary survives in only but the same basic commentary with one manuscript, in the Biblioteca Comunale some additions and omissions. After the Bertoliana of Vicenza. The commentary commentary on Sat. I, 9, the manuscript is on an elementary level; many scholia contains outlines of all the Satyrae, ending are taken word-for-word from the ‘ Vulgate’ ; (fol. 114): positis argumentis omnium Saty- and a few Greek words are found. There is rarum Persii, revertimur ad_ scribendum no indication of other sources, nor does this Super secundam quia superius eam omisi- commentary appear to be related to. any mus. On fol. 150 the manuscript reads at other of the humanist commentaries I have

the end: O Persi, si quibus notus es, mihi studied.

207

LATIN AUTHORS

Commentarium per Oratorem clarissimum Kristeller, Iter II 302; R. Sabbadini, Omnibonum Leonicenum editus super Sa- Lettere inedite di Ognibene da Lonigo {Lothyris Persei. Prologus primo incipit (Vi- nigo, 1880] p. 6, n. 1 ; Scarcia 568). cenza, Biblioteca Comunale Bertoliana, cod. Biography :

G. 6. 8. 24, fol. 21). See CTC I, 209. Add to the bibliography :

Introduction. [Inc.|]: In principio huius Cosenza ITI, 1974-78 ; V 1004. Vatican, Reg. operis breviter quaerendum est quae ma- lat. 1555, fol. 59-68 is an unpublished letter teria quae intentio quae utilitas quae causa of Omnibonus to Federicus Gonzaga and fols. quis titulus cui parti philosophiae suppona- 68-69 contain verses by Omnibonus on the tur. Materia hujus operis est mores et vir- death of his teacher, Victorinus Feltrensis.

tutes et honestum tractare..../... Itaque editum librum omnes mirari ac diripere 13. THomMaAs ScCHIFALDUS. coeperunt. Calphurnio cuius rogatu com-

posuerat tradidit edendum. Et in libris The commentary of Schifaldus was written

suis praecipue Lucilium imitatur. in 1460 and dedicated to Giovanni TommaSuper prima Satyra. Nec fonte labra so Moncada. _ The author said of himself

prolui_ caballino (Prol. 1). Quod Esiodus in his De viris illustribus Ordinis Praedicadicit. Dicitur enim Pegaseum equum alla- forum : Quis est in Sicilia qui Schifaldo pecutum (sic) ad Elicone (sic) montem errando liaria verba suo lepore, suis salibus, sua elopervenisse ibique siti oppressum ungula quendi arte praedita non liquido dignoscat ? fodisse terram. Ex quo loco fons editus (cited by Cozzucli p. 27. See below for full

Musis fuit consecratus..../...(on Prol. title), but these qualities are unfortunately

13 f.) Corvos idest corvis comparatos quia not in evidence in the pedestrian commencorvino luctu induti non solum cantare tary preserved in one Palermo manuscript. possunt sed etiam carmen effingere. Poe- The material is commonplace ; the author’s tridas picas idest poema vel poetriam com- main interest lies in literal interpretations

ponentes picis comparatos. Melos idest and in the explanation of grammatical

dulce carmen. constructions. As Cozzucli observes (p. 51),

O curas (Sat. I, 1) Principale opus aggre- the commentary contains no trace of phiditur ad exprimendam dementiam et ex lological criticism. The following example

abrupto incipit quod est ad satyricum. may illustrate Schifaldus’ procedure in

O, scilicet, dico ; curas hominum. genus hu- tracing derivations ; on Sat. I, 10 he explains

manum plenum sollicitudine quod cura nucibus relictis as follows: nux a nocte diinania studet dum se laudari cupit. inane cenda est eo quod nobis obscuras manus idest inanitas. ../. . .[Exzpl.]: (fol. 100v) (on facere solet. I find no close connections Sat. VI, 80) et sic infinitum cupiditatis between this commentary and the other desiderium extendit ut qui avaritiae eius humanistic commentaries here considered. finem voluerit imponere, facile videatur Dedication : (Palermo, Biblioteca Comuetiam Chrysippi syllogismum diffinire déAoc nale, cod. 2 Qq D 69, fol. 1) [Znc.] : Dedi (sic). Expletus die 20 Septembr. MCCCCLX, operam, Johannes Thoma illustrissime, lucu-

Ind. VIIIa bratiunculas meas hoc tempore omnino Manuscript: edere ut praestantissimorum virorum et

(micro.) Vicenza, Biblioteca Comunale eorum quidem latinae linguae diligentium Bertoliana G. 6. 8. 24. (now 7. 1. 85), s. XV circumtonare aures profecto queant.... fol. 21-100v. On the fly-leaf : Scripta per me (Schifaldus mentions with praise his teacher

Ludovicum de Saracinis civem Vicenti- Franciscus Patritius). ../. . .[Exzpl.] : tua iginum. ff. 1-15 contain the text of Persius ; tur si hilare iucundaque (sic. tucundeque?) 15-20v are blank, as are 101-106v. ; 107-45, ineptias meas susceperis idque ipsum exother texts ; 145v-146v blank. A description ploratum habeas ad majora studia tua me

and a partial xerox copy was supplied by benignitas provocabit. a

Dr. Maria Cristofari, Vicedirettrice of the Introduction, [Inc.] : Persii praestantissimi Biblioteca. (Mazzatinti II 78-79 No. 491; poetae vitam neminem quidem cui merito 258

PERSIUS

ob litterarum diligentiam fides adhibenda On fols. B-D (fly-leaves), the manuscript esset scriptam reliquisse me legisse memi- contains a life of Schifaldus. ni, sed quaedam diversis in codicibus aut Schiphaldi vita. Donum D. Joannis Mavera aut verisimilia de eo cum scripta ani- riae Amato Can. 1728. madverti, quorum profecto ea quae anno- Sebastianus Bagolinus discipulus M. Gentatu digna visa sunt excerpsi, ut sive inepte tilucii Spoletini viri patricii Romani qui Sive proprie dictum esse quicquam intelle- scripsit libros duodecim Davidiados opus xerit. ../...[Expl.]: Reliquum est ut ip- heroicum cuius initium fuit : Bella virum (?) sius opusculi dicta quid sibi velint explice- pacemque cano, gesta inclita regis. .. quod mus omnibusque protinus edisseramus. opus exactum morte ipsius auctoris typis Commentary. [Inc.]: Nec fonte labra etc. adhuc mandatum non est magna latinae (Prol. 1). Hoc carmen quod quidem in suo linguae iactura. Sed nos diutius in titulo

hoc opere pro praefatione Persius utitur evagati sumus. Fuit quidem cui cognoiambico trinarico acathaletico constare vi- men erat Schifaldus Alcamensis patriae detur in quo quidem de more satiricorum a .../.. [Expl]: scriptitans me calfacerem reprehensione sua accusationeque incepit anno MCCCCCLXXXXVII 29 Novembris.

.../...Pegaseum melos (Prol. 14) Fons ca- On fol. 151, there is a short poem of the

ballinus Pegaseus quoque appellatus est scribe : ab alato equo cuius nomen Pegasus erat. Septima lux fuerat mensis numerata Melos indeclinabile nomen melodiam ip- Decembris

sam significat, Horatius in 2° libro carmi- In qua Schifaldi escripserat istud opus num: Descende caelum (sic?) et dic age Jacobus Adragnus Adragno natus Jiulo

tibia (?) reginae longum Caliopae melos (sic)

(See Hor. Carm. III, 4 1 ff.). Tersenos annos natus ephebus erat. O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Haec est (Space)

prima satyra huius auctoris in qua super- Mille deus noster trivit natalibus annos vacanias (?) curas inanesque hominum cogi- et quadrigentos numerabant ordine cuncti

tationes nec non laudes gloriam atque ho- (sic)

nores falso immeritoque quaesitos repre- septuaginta duos addentes insuper annos.

hendit..../.. .[Exzpl.]: (fol. 150) Quam ob téhoc

rem Persius ad id illudens (sic) pro solerte Shifaldus (sic)

mercatore (7?) ad Chrysippum apostrophat At the end after the text of Persius there is a

depingue (sic) inquit O Chrysippe ubi ego later note of Sebastianus Bagolinus: (fol.

finitor acervi tui sistere debeam (Cf. VI, 79- 172v) MCCCCLXXII° mensis Julii. . . Al80). Haec omnia quae quidem in commen- cami hoc opus transcripsit Jacobus.

tariolis meis adjeci ex praestantissimorum (I manoscritti della Biblioteca Comunale virorum fontibus hausi. Valeto atque vale. di Palermo II, 1 (1934) 126-127; L. BogliCommentarioli impersium (sic) satirico- no, I manoscritti della Biblioteca Comunale rum principem quos quidem Schifaldus ad di Palermo III, 330; Kristeller Jter II, 27 ;

Johannem Thomam Monti Catinum illus- Searcia 352). trissimum regiumque adolescentem scripsit Biography : anno ab Jesu Christo Millesimo CCCCLX° Thomas Schifaldus (Tommaso Schifaldo) (sic) ad quem hoc carmen quoque scripsit. was born in Marsala (?) c. 1430 and died Quem superi afficiunt caelesti munere dig- after 1495. He was a Dominican, though the num date at which he took holy orders is una known. Franciscus Patricius was one of his

(line 4) Sed mihi da veniam, Montecatine, teachers. He studied at the University of

precor. Catania, as well as at Siena and Rome. He

Schifaldus. later taught at Catania as well as at MesManuscript: sina (1460-69), at Palermo in the Studio di

(micro.) Palermo, Biblioteca Comunale, San Domenico, at Marsala (1491) and at cod. 2 Qq D 69, a. 1472, cart., fols. 1-150. Mazzara (1495). Schifaldus belonged to the

259

LATIN AUTHORS

circle of humanists in Italy which included The complete commentary survives in

Aurispa and Panormita. three manuscripts, which differ only in

Works: Vita Petri Hieremiae Panormita- minor points. I have followed the text of ni O.P.; De viris illustribus Ordinis Prae- Ottob. Lat. 1256, since it alone contains the dicatorum (manuscript at Palermo); Buco- dedication. In Ms. Vat. lat. 2710 the handlica in plures Eclogas distributa ; De adven- written catalogue ascribes the commentary tu. Caroli Magnanimi regis Franciae; Ars to Gaspar of Verona, under whom Phileticus

metrica; Elegiae; commentaries on the had studied, but this ascription is clearly Psalms, on the Ars Poetica of Horace, on erroneous (see below, under manuscripts).

Persius, and Juvenal (cf. CTC I, 238). Dedication. (Ms. Ottob. Lat. 1256, fol. Bibl.: Chevalier, Biobibliographie Il, 50v) Magnanimo principi Alexandro Sphor4174; Cosenza V 1639; J. Quetif and J. tiae, S.P.D. [Znc.] : Quemadmodum memores Echard, Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum I grati et boni agricolae de messibus suis spi(1719) I 882. V. di Giovanni, Filologia e ceas coronas parvosque uvae racemos penaLetteratura Siciliana UI (1879) 186-225. tibus afferre consueverunt, sic ego primitias G. Cozzucli, Tommaso |Schifaldo uma- studiorum meorum, magnanime princeps, nista siciliano del sec. X V, Notizie e Scritti ad te dare iam dudum inceperam. Sequar

inediti (Documenti per servire alla Storia inceptum. Quodcumque e sensu manabit di Sicilia, Ser. IV, vol. VI, Palermo, 1897) ; nostro, tibi soli dicare constitui, sic enim N. Pirrone, “Thomae Schifaldi commentaria facere me cogit clarissimarum virtutum tuaatque Persii et Horatii vitae ex/eis sublatae” rum praestantia, singularis humanitas, innaAlti dell?’ Accademia Properziana di Assisi II ta clementia, incredibilis beneficentia, am-

(1905) 12. plitudo rerum gestarum vel pace vel bello, quibus omnibus tuum nomen immortalitati

14. MARTINUS PHILETICUS. commendatum est....Haec autem quae nunc mittimus, anno superiori in hac urbe Martinus Phileticus, in the dedication of publice dedimus sub innumerabilium clarohis commentary to Alessandro Sforza, as- rum virorum censuris, cum me ad id genus serts that there were in circulation more interpretationis Gymnasium excepisset, ubi than two hundred copies of the lectures on maxima doctissimorum virorum copia vo-

Persius which he had delivered to his cem cum in hac re meam tum in Tusculanis

students. He also informs us that because quaestionibus audiebat. .. Legebam equidem of his success with his lectures on Persius, poetam hunc Persium, qui cum nimis durus

he proposes to write commentaries on videretur nec facilem se daret auditoribus

Juvenal and on the Ars poetica of Horace. meis, qui et docti erant et habebantur, hanc Since there is evidence in Riccardianus interpretationem ipsis ex tempore dictavi-

1190 that the Juvenal commentary was mus, et plusquam bis centum huiusce excopied in 1469-70, the commentary on positionis huc usque, quod scimus, volumPersius must have been composed before ina exiverunt, quae quoniam non minus this date. The commentary is based on (MS nimis) utilis et jocunda (hoc ausim dilectures given at the University of Rome, cere) quam ipsum opusculum poetae visa and it is dedicated to Alessandro Sforza of est, volui ut in tuo nomine appareret. Quod

Pesaro for whose children Phileticus had si laudabis, idem in Juvenalis et Flacci

served as tutor for several years beginning operibus factitabo, quae non breviora quam

1455-56. ista Persii scripta videntur exposcere. Phileticus’ commentary is of high quality. Videbis quid in hoc poeta clarissimo sentiaIt contains pertinent quotations from a mus, quem tanti facere sunt soliti et fre-

variety of classical and post-classical authors, quentissime lectitare Augustinus, Hierony-

and it avoids some of the far-fetched deriva- mus, Quintilianus, Martialis. Huius extions which we have observed in some positionis hoc fuit initium: Consueverunt

contemporary commentaries. plerique omnes etc. 260

PERSIUS

Martinus Phileticus vir clarissimus hanc Mediaeval Studies in Honour of E. Kk. Rand super Persium interpretationem in gymna- (New York, 1938) 221-30.

sio Romano innumerabili auditorum multi- Manuscripts: tudini ex tempore dictavit, et ego Marianus Florence, Riccardiana 635, s. XV _ ex.,

inter caeteros collegi praecipiti calamo. misc., cart., fols. 158-166. This manu-

Introduction. [Inc.] Consueverunt pleri- script has the introductory material and the que omnes auctorum interpretes multa di- commentary of Phileticus only through Sat. cere, priusquam expositionem aggrederentur, I, 60 nec linguae est irrisionis genus cum vel in primis eorum mores et instituta vi- tantum linguas foras emittunt ad illudentae, quos explicandos acceperunt. Nos dum. The Riccardiana inventory notes that autem aliqua ex parte istorum viam atque this manuscript is a copy of Riccardiana rationem secuti pro multis pauca dicere in- 1190. (Kristeller, Iter I, 194; Scarcia 168). stituimus. Persius est nobis exprimendus, Florence, Riccardiana 1190, a. 1469-70, quam ob rem primum quod de eo sentimus cart., fols. 65-117v. By the same hand as dicendum est, inde alia dabimus quae ad Phileticus’ commentary on Juvenal which rem nostram pertinere videbuntur. . . (three follows and in which the scribe is identified columns of quotation from classical authors) as Petrus Pacinus Pisciensis “Martini phy-

.. [Expl]: ne arroganter neque insolenter letici ferentinatis...per Me Petrum Paci-

hanc scribendi provinciam accepisse videa- num Pisciensem eius auditorem collecta, tur, et vesanos et rudes poetas et temerarios Rome tempore Pauli Secundi anno eius ob hoc ipsum posset licentius accusare. sexto” f. 117v. (Morpurgo, Mss. Riccardiani Hanc igitur sententiam Persius his carmini- I, 252 ; Scarcia 177).

bus explicavit. Vatican City, Ottob. Lat. 1256, s. XV, Nec fonte labra prolui caballino etc. (Prol. cart., fols. 50v-10iv. In the hand-written 1). In hoc primo versu Hesiodum intellexit catalogue the commentary is erroneously

et ait : hoc modo non ego degustavi Castalii ascribed to Marianus Praenestinus, who was fontis aquam quemadmodum Hesiodus ut its copyist. The MS also contains Fileticus’

possem tam cito prodire poeta (?).../... commentaries on Juvenal and on the Ars

Pegaseum melos (Prol. 14) poeticam suavi- poetica of Horace. (Kristeller, Iter II, 417; tatem a fonte Pegaseo dictam quem a Musis Scarcia 491; cf. the article by G. Mercati et poetis cultum esse nemo est qui nesciat. cited above). Melos autem duo significat et Graecum est : Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2710, s. XV, cart.,

dulcedinem et membrum. inde meledoni idest fols. 4-56v. In the hand-written catalogue for cura quod membrum corrodit denominata est. this section of the Vatican codices the comO curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Materia huius mentary is ascribed to Gaspar of Verona,

satyrae et argumentum est trium persona- under whom Phileticus had studied. The rum accusatio scriptorum scilicet et reci- ascription is evidently based on the fact tantium et auditorum qui mali sunt crudes that Gaspar’s name occurs on the line folet lascivi..../...[Eaxpl.]: Qui tinventus est lowing the conclusion of the commentary finitor (VI, 80). ...et ita Persius acervum on Persius, where it refers to the commentary sive pro argumentatione qua ipse semper on Juvenal which follows in the same hand. multiplicando utebatur sive pro libro quo- In the marginalia of the Persius commentary dam inter septuaginta volumina quem qua- certain scholia are ascribed to Gaspar, indi-

drigesimo anno incepit et octogesimo fini- cating that he was not the author of the vit, inde paucis post diebus vitam cum morte commentary itself. The marginal notes al-

commutavit. Finis. so contain references to Lorenzo Valla. Expliciunt collect(ione)s Persii per me (Kristeller, Zier II, 314 ; Scarcia 533). Marianum Mari Prenestinum sub voce Phy- Biography :

(leti)ci praecipiti calamo. See CTC I, 211-2. To the bibliography

Bibl.: G. Mercati, “Tre dettati universi- add: D. M. Robathan, “A Postscript on tari dell’umanista Martino Filetico sopra Martino Filetico”, Mediaevalia et HumanisPersio, Giovenale ed Orazio” Classical and tica VIII (1954) 56-61. 261

LATIN AUTHORS

15. CHRISTOPHORUS LANDINUS Landino collecta, quibus Kal. Julii extremam manum posuimus (in the same hand

Landinus’ commentary, as well as that as the Persius commentary). (Kristeller, on Juvenal, is found in a Milan manuscript Iter I, 326; Marchesi, Rivista di filologia (Bibl. Ambrosiana J 26 Inf.), which is dated classica XL (1912) 195; A. Amelli, Rivista

1462 and which is based on Landinus’ delle Biblioteche e degli archivi XXI [1910] lectures in Florence. Landinus makes use 186 ; Scarcia 271).

of the Vulgate tradition, but he adapts it Biography :

to his own mode of expression. Pertinent See CTC I, 209-10 Add to the bibliography : quotations from Horace, Juvenal, Festus, E. Garin, ed. Testi inediti e rari di Cristoforo Servius and others are frequent, and some Landino e Francesco Filelfo (Florence, 1949)

Greek words occur. Such expressions as 3-11; 39-41; Cristoforo Landino, De vera aliqui volunt and hoc ignoro an sit are nobilitate ed. M. Lentzen (Geneva, 1970) ; characteristic of Landinus’ collecta. Cristoforo Landino, De vera nobilitate, ed. Commentary. (fol. 193v.) Expositio opus- M. T. Liacci (Florence, 1970),

culi Auli Persii Flacci a Landino suscepta. R. Cardini, La critica del Landino (Flo-

[Inc.]: Nec fonte labra prolui caballino rence, 1973); M. Lentzen, Studien zur

(Prol. 1). Quoniam (suprascr.: ea) quae in Dante-Exegese Cristoforo Landinos (Cologne,

huiusmodi poematibus referendis adhiben- 1971). tur, si alias ab iisdem (?. suprascr.: iam)

tractata sunt (del.? minus utilitatis quam 16. PHILIPPINUS ITALUS. esse) plus ostentationis (suprascr.: minus

autem) utilitatis in se continent, idcirco The commentary of Philippinus Italus

nunc nos de vita poetae quaedam libabimus. is preserved only in one Leiden manuscript, Aulus igitur Persius ex municipio Volaterra- which also contains fragments of his com-

no oriundus fuit patre equite..... Haec mentary of Juvenal (cod. Voss. Lat. fol. 83). vero satiricula, quae loco paene prohemii The manuscript is not dated but the dedicaest ex liricis ac diversis carminibus con- tee of the Persius commentary, Nicolaus stat... . Dicit igitur se non esse ex iis qui Pintel (or Pontel) was vicar-general of poetas se praedicant et omnibus ostentent Cardinal Jean de Balue for the Abbey of ut nonnulli alii iactabundi fuerunt.../... Fécamp during the period 1469-73 (See [Expl. of Prol.] melos per Pegaseum idest Leroux de Lincy, Essai historique et littésuavitatem repletam musicis cantibus. td raire sur l Abbaye de Fécamp (Rouen, 1840] HéAog Significat eam suavitatem quae ex con- 333-336), though in the dedication he ap-

centu plurium vocum resultat. Per Pega- pears only as its ‘elemosinarius’. Further, seum idest valde pegaseum quasi valde an edition of Persius published about 1477 musicum. De Pegaso paulo superius satis at near-by Angers (Morgan 15) contains a

diximus. short poem by Philippinus Italus. O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Ex prima Excepit claros Andegavense poetas

satyra quam loco prohemii esse diximus Ut studium! Persi, tu cito sculptus ades. facile cognosci potest quaenam scribendi Gallorum egregias sic sculptus perge per nostri poetae sit intentio, nempe ut in vitia urbes

hominum feratur.../...[Expl.]: (fol. 225 Ut possit spacium cernere glosa suum. damaged, fragmentary) popa quae fiebant in Philippinus italus poeta

sacris omento idest (torn off) ut superius Lauro insignitus.

diximus. Vende animum lucro (Sat. VI, 75) It would seem likely therefore that the comscilicet quasi prepone vitam his (torn off). mentary is to be dated in the neighborhood

Manuscript: of the late 1470’s.

Milano, Bibl. Ambrosiana J 26 Inf., s. XV, Dedication, (Leiden, Bibliotheek der cart., fols. 193v-225. After the Landino Rijksuniversiteit, cod. Voss. lat. fol. 83, fol. commentary on Juvenal : Haec ad expositio- 1) Reverendo Patri ac religiosissimo dominem Juvenalis gratis sint pro ingenio meo a no Magistro Nicolao Pintel in sacra theologia 262

PERSIUS

doctori necnon divinae abbatiae Fiscammen- Hieronymum ut det amico nunc suo de suis sis [Fécamp] elemosinario bene meritissimo bonis optimis et non de frivolis aut supervaPhilippinus Italus poeta salutem plurimam (On f. 649 begins the commentary on Juve-

dicit. [Inc.}: Quamquam multa sunt, vir nal, without introduction).

litteratissime, quibus homo caetera ani- Manuscript :

mantia prorsus antecellit, illud tamen et Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, singulare et maximum esse videtur, quod cod. Voss. lat. fol. 83, sec. XV, cart., fols. 1-

unusquisque hominum a natura mortalis 648v. Much information on the manu-

sibi ipsi felicem immortalitatem comparare script has been supplied by the Librarian, P ossit. ... Sane licet his solummodo cause Dr. P. F. J. Obbema. (Catalogus librorum

nos impellas Persium poetam tam im ‘of Bib; . aut. pressorum quamexponamanuscriptorum Bi

mus. ... Nam in primis ipsum textum scri- lioth Uni ‘tatis Lueduno-Bat bemus et eundem correcte scriptum tractu tothecae =U nhiverstlans — Lugduno- atavae, calami subsignabimus ut a glosa prima facie Leiden, 1716 p. 374; Scarcia 206).

differat. Tum excerpemus vocabula et ea Biography : .

declarabimus, eorum aut obscuritatem aut It has not been possible to discover further graecilitatem (sic) aut metaphoram, quae information about Philippinus Italus beyond apud Persium plurima est, exponentes, id that supplied by the commentary and the quoque et de fabulis et de historiis facie- poem in the Angers edition of Persius. These mus. Deinde sensum ponemus per pausas establish connections with Angers and the ipsius textus et ultimo construemus et ordi- abbey of Fécamp, probably in the 1470’s.

nabimus ubi opus esse videbitur, numen He signs the poem as poet laureate, but Christi implorantes. Sic enim putamus even this does not supply positive identificafore ut qui litterarum latinarum prima tion. There is a possibility that Philippinus elementa noverit Persium et clare et dillu- Italus is Filippo Vagnone, who won the cide satis intellexerit. Nunc ad textum pro- laureate about 1475, but there does not

ficiscamur. appear to be any evidence which would Prima Satyrarum Persii. [Inc.] : Nec fonte connect Vagnone with Angers or with the labra prolui caballino (Prol. 1) Persius ergo name Philippinus Italus (on Vagnone see Italus fuit natus Volterris quae civitas est V. Lancetti, Memorie intorno ai poeti lauin montibus Tusciae. Studuit Romae sub reati (Milano, 1839) 193-94 and A. Bozio, Basso grammatico et tandem sub Cornuto “Urna sepolcrale di Filippo Vagnone poeta philosopho. . ./. . . (on Prol. 14) scilicet fonte laureato” Miscellanea di storia italiana XV Gorgoneo Meducino (sic) dedicato Musis, (Torino, 1874) 455-68. et sic homines temerarii et de se plus quam

aequum est praesumentes et jactantes re- 17. ANONYMUS ANNI 1475

prehenduntur a Persio. (Johannes Lachus ?) O curas hominum et quantum est in rebus

inane (Sat. I, 1). Materia huius satyrae est The manuscript Florence, Bibl. Naz.,

haec videlicet : Persius consideravit Romae Magliabechianus VII. 1105 contains a comesse plurimos poetas sed nullo (sic) bonos mentary of which no other copy is known.

nec utiles. Tempore ipsius Persii omnes The manuscript also contains the text of poetae scribebant et componebant libros Persius, at the end of which it reads :

fatuos et stultos.../...[Ezpl.]: (the com- (f. 13v) 1475. Explicit intortus per totum

mentary is fragmentary at the end. On fol. Persius orcus 644v there is the lemma: Jacet ipse in littore Explicit obscurus per totum (Sat. VI, 29-30). There is a gap between Persius orbem. f. 644 and 646 ; f. 647v contains the lemma: Qui tu (suprascr.: lector) Nunc et de cespite vivo (Sat. VI, 31-32). scripsit (deleted word, perThere may be another gap between f. 648- haps lector) crede fuisse Joannem

49, The text breaks off incompletely with Quem dei conservent secun-

f. 648v:)...ideo Persius admonet istum dum semper in orbe.

263

LATIN AUTHORS

Qui tu lector scripsit Mazzum ingeminat... tremulos cachinnos... naso

(deleted) fuisse putato crispante (Sat. III, 87) quod etiam fit hac Hic liber Persius scriptus et tempestate cum (al)iqui philosophi et viri

auditus fuit ab Jo(anne) doctissimi disserant et disputent de aliqua Ant(oni)o sub Dno. Jo(ann)e Lacho Floren- re et ibi ubi disputatur sint homines neglitino 1475 primo anno quo Florentiae appu- gentes et ignorantes qui adsint ipsi disputa-

lit. i, tioni cum nihil intelligant, solent deridere At the beginning of the commentary ipsos disputantes et doctissimos viros. (end

itself, however, we read: Joannisantonii f page and paragraph) Maczii super Persium commentarium (fol. onfol. Pag 68vparagrapih). blank.

20). fol. 69 continuation of the Persius comIt is ,bymentary no means easy to interpret these by another hand fromoeSat. III, 90 contradictory statements. It would appear, ek sae, however, that Johannes Maczius (or Mazzus) through V, 90. The Incip it is illegible, and

was simply the scribe and not the author the manuscript contains many blank pages.

of the commentary and that he was also The last lemma, on fol. 84, is Saturnum.

the one who took down the lectures of Jo- [Expl.]: concluserat esse ortos sub eodem

hannes Lachus. But neither Maczius nor Vlonuscript: astro.

judg 0 p. . ; .,

Lachus can be positively identified from —

other sources, and in our present state of Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale, codex Maknowledge, it seems best to withhold any gliabechianus Vil. 1105, a. 1475, cart., fols.

final judgment as to authorshi 20-68. The script is cursive with many corThe commentary itself is undistinguished rections. The tex tof Per sts on fol. t beg ns and lacking in originality. The author uses at Sat. I, 35, with no title or identification the ‘ Vulgate’ as a nucleus ; he then rephrases of author. Information on the m anuscript the comments in simple language, doubtless was supplied by Dott. Filippo Di Benedetto

intended for dictation to a class. The of the Library. (A. Galante, Index codicum Prologue is designated as Satyra I, Satyra I classicorum Latinorum qu Florentiae -

as II. Some Greek words are used in con- Bybliotheca Magliabechiana Adservantur nection with derivations; corrections of Studi italiani di Filologia classica XV (1907) spelling are frequent. All in all, the com- 129; Kristeller, Iter I, 124; Scarcia 157). mentary bears more relation to its medieval Biography : predecessors than to the more fully developed It is possible that the Johannes Lachus

works of Renaissance scholars. mentioned in the manuscript is to be identiCommentary. (Firenze, Bibl. Naz. cod. fied with Johannes Francisci Lachius, the Magl. VII 1105 fol. 20) [Jnc.] : At ipse semi- copyist of Ms. Riccardinus 619 (Scarcia 166)

paganus ad sacra vatum carmen hoc etc. containing the Satyrae of Persius and reading (Prol. 6-7) Fuit a principio intentio poetae at the end: f. 258 Explicit liber Persii Bulnostri eos poetas carpere qui quidem lucri terrani scriptus per me Johannem Francisci et avaritiae causa poetae efficiuntur et qui (supra-script., perhaps in a different hand: propter divitias acquirendas ad scribendum Lachii) die quarta Januarii 1461 (subscr. sua carmina_ contulere (sic).../... quasi perhaps in a different hand : paucis agnitus). carmen suavissimum et valde poeticum ut Further, Ms. Laurentianus 90 sup. 48, consunt illa carmina quae sunt et fiunt et dicun- taining several philosophical works of Cicero,

tur in monte Pegaso monte nympharum, was copied by Johannes Francisci Lacus

II Satyra. O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Florentinus, rector Ecclesiae S. Nicolai ultra Dicimus primam satyram loco prohemii in Arnum. Similarly the Antonius Maczius qua p(oeta) noster captavit benevolentiam a of the manuscript may possibly be identified parte sua et contentionem a parte adversa- with the Antonius Mazzi who died in 1502. riorum. Modo aggreditur opus suum prin- (Information supplied in part by Dott. Ficipale. ../.. .[Expl.}]: (fol. 68) last lemma: lippo Di Benedetto). 264

PERSIUS

18. BARTHOLOMAEUS FonrIUSs. Medicem. [Jnec.]: Quamquam, Laurenti,

ce gs , poetae omnes vel ad benedicendum vel ad

Fontius has the distinction of having honeste vivendum plurimum conferunt, ii

produced the first commentary on Persius tamen in primis legendi sunt, qui non solum to appear in print. In 1477 his Jn Perstum jocunda auribus, sed utilia quoque animis Poetam Explanatio was published, without excolendis emoneant. .. . Caeterum hoc unithe text, in Florence by the printing press of co artificioso volumine exponendo licet plus S. Iacopo di Ripoli, where its author served multo fuerit oneris quam honoris, quod glo-

as proof-reader. The commentary was ria numquam par interpretem atque auc-

again published at Venice in 1480, this time torem consequitur, quia tamen non spe lauwith the text of Persius, and it was frequent- dis sed ut tibi gratificarer ad interpretandum ly reprinted. Fontius’ purpose was to give a accessi, satis si tibi fecero, non parvam lau-

simple explanation of his author for the use dem me consecutum putabo.....[Expl.]: of students. That he himself recognized the In tua vero liberalissima beneficentissimashort-comings of his commentary is clear que natura cum iam pridem spem omnem pofrom his later work, De locis Persianis, suerim ut re potius quam verbis animum tibi written in 1488 ; this is found in two manu- meum significem, hos ad te commentarios scripts but was not printed until 1621. Persianos meae in te fidei atque observantiae (see below under b). In these revised notes, testes mitto. Mox, ut spero, favente te qui which were dedicated to King Matthias ut potes ita etiam cupis adiuvare quam pluriCorvinus of Hungary, Fontius apologizes mos, et ad maiora animum excitabo, et cum

for his youthful errors in the Ezplanatio, primum facultas dabitur, ampliori te mudedicated to Lorenzo de’ Medici, and adds nere cumulabo. pertinent material from Latin authors Persii vita. [Inc.]: Persium aggressuro in-

whom he had not read when he composed primis necessarium visum est, eius vitam ac

the early commentary. Among the sources satyram brevi oratione percurrere....

quoted are Quintilian, Valerius Maximus, (Fontius offers a short life of Persius and a Lucan, Juvenal, Apuleius, and Martianus brief history of satire). . .[Expl.]: meliores

Capella. It has been noted to his credit tamen auctores a silvestribus satyris in that Fontius did not use his commentary vetere fabula institutis nominavere. Vefor personal invective, as did some of his rum his breviter de poetae vita ac satyra contemporaries, nor for the display of enarratis, explanationem ipsam aggredia-

encyclopedic information (C. Marchesi, Bar- mur. folomeo della Fonte [Catania, 1900] p. 118). Explanatio. [Inc.]: Nec fonte labra prolui He seems to have had only a slight knowl- caballino (Prol. 1). Quo maiore animi liedge of Greek in his early years; he was bertate alios deinde corrigeret, se ipsum in familiar with the Vulgate scholia ; he had no primis corripit, quod festinanter nimium

interest in metrical problems; and he poeta prodierit.../...[Expl.]: Per pegaseium sometimes commented on the obvious. melos (Prol. 14) valde Pegaseium, idest poeFontius’ own estimate of his work may be ticum persuavem et dulcem cantum. Melos

judged from a comparison of his dedications autem sicut et sophos genere neutro indecli-

to Lorenzo and Matthias (see below). In a nabiliter ponitur. postscript to Taddeo Ugoletti found after O curas hominum et quantum est in rebus the De locis Persianis, he writes: IMllud inane (Sat. I, 1). Hac satyra scriptores lenosane tacitus praeterire non volo nec debeo, cinio verborum plausum popularem captanme in hoc commentario Persiano quaedam tes et auditores lectoresque scripta lasciva ostentatione potius puerili (ut tenera cum et mollia magis quam virilia comprobantes scripsi ferebat aetas) quam ulla necessitate reprehendit. . ./.. .[Expl.]: Inventus, Chry-

exposuisse. sippe, tui finitor acervi (VI, 79-80).... a) Explanatio in Persium Poetam. in quibus omnia ad eam artem spectanDedication, (ed. of Florence, 1477) Prooe- tia et coacervavit et diligenter absolvit. Ob

mium in Persium Poetam ad Laurentium quod ait, sui acervi, hoc est dialecticorum

265

LATIN AUTHORS

librorum cumuli finitorem Chrysippum bus. Morgan 28; HCR 12724; BMC VII,

repertum esse. 1139 ; Goff P-346. BM ; (MH).

There follows a letter to Franciscus Sa- (*) 1485, Venetiis (Venice): per Anto-

xettus on weights and measures. nium de Bactibobus. Morgan 28 ; H 12725;

Manuscripts: BMC V, 404; Goff P-347. BM; (MH).

Florence, Laurent. 54, 23 s. XV, fols. 1-91. [c. 1485, Lyons, Guillaume Le Roy]. Dedication copy to Lorenzo dei Medici, with Morgan 19; CGC 4700; Goff P-348. BN; stemma of the Medici family enclosed in a (CtY). wreath of laurel on f. 1. (Bandini, Catalogus (*) 1490, Mediolani (Milan) : Magister Ul-

II, 679 ; Scarcia 136). dericus Scinzenseler. Morgan 33; HR Florence, Riccardiana 666. (M IV 25), 12726; BMC VI, 765; Goff P-349. BM;

s. XV. (Kristeller, Iter 1, 178; Scarcia 173), (MH). oe

Vienna, Nationalbibliothek 292 (Phil 388), 1491. See Composite Editions.

s. XV ex., membr., fols. 122. (S. End- 1492. See Com posite Editions. licher, Catalogus codicum philologicorum edith, ° die xiii Februarii. See Composite

579). . Editions.; prilis. ee Composite latinorum p. 122 ; Tabulae I, 40-41 ; Scarcia 1494 " die 22 April S (micro.) Wolfenbiittel, Herzog August 1495. See Composite Editions.

Bibliothek, 43 Aug. fol., fols. 15v-114r. (OQ. 1497. See Composite Editions.

von Heinemann, Die Handschriften der 1498. See Composite Editions. herzoglichen Bibliothek, Part ITI, vol. III, 1499, die IIII mensis Novembris. See

242-3 3 5 carcia 589). Composite Editions.

ea winenae (Florence): apud Sanctum 1508, die xvii Julii. See Composite EdiJacobum de Ripoli. Commentary alone. ree See Composite Editions

ory ? de (Tart ; ite Editions.

morgan Mr ; MED ; BMC VI, 621; Goff 1516, die xxv mensis Aprilis. See Compos-

1 180 Martial). Morgan’ I {p —_ 0738, 1520, die XV Decembris. See Composite

BMC V, 296. ‘BM; (MH). , niet. See Composite Editions.

1481, (Treviso, Paulus de Ferraria]. Mor- (micro.) 1621, Francofurti (Frankfurt) : gan 22; H 12719? = H (not C) 12720 = sumptibus Ioannis Caroli Unckelii. In Opera (MED ; BMC VI, 898; Goff P-342. BM; exguisitissuna Bartholomaet Fontii Florenti-

(*) 1482, die XIIII Martii, Venetiis: per m pp “ Humanist’ Tinage. ae Baptistam de Tortis. Morgan 24 ; CR 4702 ; below for full title) p. 128.

BMC V, 322; Goff P-343. BM; (MH). Doubtful Editions : (*) 1482, die vi Decembris. Venetiis 1492. See Doubtful Composite Editions.

(Venice) : per Baptistam de Tortis. Morgan 1493, Venetiis (Venice) per Antonium de

” 3 MED. BMC V, 322; Goff P-344. — Bactibobus. Morgan 40. H 12728? = H (*) 1482, mensis Decembris die XXIIII, bd See Doubtful Composite Editions. Venetiis (Venice) : per Magistrum Renaldum

de Novimagio Theutonicum. Morgan 26; b) De locis Persianis. HC 12722; Goff P-345; IGI IV # 7498. Dedication. (Riccard. 1220). Loca quae-

BM ; BN; (MH). dam recognita. Bartholomaeus Fontius De (*) 1484, Mediolani (Milan) : Magister An- locis Persianis ad Mathiam Corvinum retonius Zarotus. Morgan 29; H 12723. Mi- gem Pannonium. [Jnc.] : Dubitavi aliquantis-

lan, Bibl. Ambros. ; (MH). per, Matthia Corvine rex, dicaremne maies-

(*) 1484, die X Septembris: per Dionysi- tati tuae perbrevem perque humilem hunc um de Bertochis et Peregrinum de Pasquali- sermonem, habitum nuper cum Tadeo Ugho266

PERSIUS

letto, viro ad tuam bibliothecam perficien- tur neque a poetae proposito neque a comdam aptissimo. Maluissem enim donare tibi muni fere omnium sensu discedere.../... aliquod opus insignius et regiae celsitudini {Expl.]: alias enim et una erimus et siquid tuae convenientius, cui non nisi multis lucu- praeterea invenerimus acriore iudicio persebrationibus expolita et egregia decet dicari quemur. Vale.

opera. Verum tui excellentiam animi me- Manuscripts:

cum reputans, non dona sed affectus donan- (micro.) Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana,

tium intuentis, decrevi eum tandem ad te Cod. 1220 I(N. I. 35), a. 1497, cart. fols. transmittere, putans fore tibi non iniocun- 106v-114r. (S. Morpurgo, J manoscritti

dum, praesertim cum ad eum referendum sim della R. Biblioteca Riccardiana di Firenze, adhortatus ab homine maiestatis tuae stu- v. I, 287 ; Scarcia 178).

diosissimo. Nam Tadeus nuper domi me (micro.) Wolfenbittel, Herzog-August-

scriptantem cum invenisset, “Quid” inquit Bibliothek, 43 Aug. 2°, s. XV ex., membr., “hoc est operis quod nunc habes in mani- fols. 3-15. This manuscript, and the 1621

bus?”. Cui ego, “De locis Horatianis”. edition based on it, differ in phrasing from Tunc ille quibusdam ex his percursis, “Hoc” the Florence manuscript, both in the dedica-

ait “utile erit opus et gratum multis sed... tion and in the work itself. (O. von Heine-

prudenter feceris ante operis editionem si ea mann, Die Handschriften der Herzoglichen emiseris in quibus mihi saepius retulisti Bibliothek zu Wolfenbiittel, Part II, Vol. III, te parum tibi ipsi satisfecisse. ..” Hic ego, 242-43; C. Csapodi-K. Csapodi Géardonyi, “Recte quidem, Tadee, mones prius quam Bibliotheca Corviniana [Shannon, 1969] 76 ; aliorum errata ut mea corrigam ; neque vero Scarcia 589).

pudebit exemplo magnorum virorum quae Biography : olim adulescentulus in Persium non recte See CTC I, 228. The following titles scripserim emendasse.... ingeniosi viri et should be added. For editions of Fontius, multa magnaque nihilominus habituri er- see also: Epistolarum libri III, ed. Ladisrores suos simpliciter fateantur, quos ego laus Juhdsz (Bibliotheca scriptorum medii dum emulor libenter quoque me ipsum recentisque aevorum) Budapest, Bologna, errasse fateor, ne alii, me duce, decipian- 1931; Carmina, ed. Iosephus Fédgel et

tur”. Ladislaus Juhasz (Bibliotheca scriptorum “Age ergo”, Taddeus inquit “ordinatim medii recentisque aevorum) Lipsiae, 1932. ab operis initio cuncta exequere”. Tunc For further monographs, see S. Caroti and ego, “Ita” inquam “ut petis agam ; singu- S. Zamponi, Lo scrittoio di Bartolomeo laque locabo in suis locis quorum est om- Fonzio umanista fiorentino (Milan, 1975) ;

nium hoc primum”. Charles Trinkaus, “A Humanist’s Image of Ex prima Satyra. Humanism” Studies in the Renaissance VII Cantare credas per Pegaseum melos (Prol. (1960) 91-94; idem, “The unknown ‘Quat14), Non enim per Pegaseum ut in pluribus trocento’ Poetics of Bartolomeo della Fonetiam codicibus reperitur sed quinquesylla- te” Studies in the Renaissance XIII (1966) bum pegaseium, ut in quarto sede iambum 40-122. hic versus habeat, scribi debet.... Non siquid turbida Roma elevet, accedat 19. JOHANNES BRITANNICUS.

(sic Sat. I, 5-6). Quamquam non ab re positum a me fuit cum corrupto populus The commentary of Britannicus first

Romanus iudicio sit, si aliquem extulerit et appeared in 1481 and was frequently reprint-

laudaverit populari iudicio non accedas. . ./ ed.

...(On Sat, VI, 80) quare praestat non Dedication, (ed. of Brescia, 1481). Jo-

de logice absoluta sed acervali argumenta- hannes Britannicus Brixianus senatui popu-

tione Persium nostrum intellexisse. loque Brixiano salutem. [Jnc.]: Cum multa Epilogus. [Inc.]: Acceppisti ex me, Ta- et varia in rebus humanis sint, in quibus

dee, quae mihi hactenus visa sunt emenda- hominum ingenia exerceri solent, quippe tione indiguisse ex quibus licet aliqua videan- cum alii arma sequantur, alii agricolationi 267

LATIN AUTHORS

intenti sint, alii struendis opibus inhaereant, Manuscript: et alii alia id genus opera complectantur, (micro.) Basel, Universitatsbibliothek, quae omnia cum aliqua ex parte per se clara Ms. F VI 34, s. XVI, fol. 1-32v (G. Haenel, et laude digna esse possint, meum tamen Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum [Leipzig, semper fuit iudicium litterarum studia ea 1830] 527. Scarcia 13 (with shelf mark A.V. esse quae omnibus sine controversia prae- 34 and without mention of Britannicus).

ferantur.../...[Ezpl.]: Cum igitur, cives For a discussion of the manuscript see optimi, nulla prorsus commotus gloria hoc p. 283 below.

tantum oneris susceperim, sed ut industria Editions:

mea eis (so ed. of 1486) qui.me ad hoc hor- 1481, Brixiae (Brescia): Per Magistrum tati sunt morem gererem, vos rogo hos com- Gabrielem Tarvisinum et Paulum _ eius

mentarios ea benevolentia et liberalitate fillum. Morgan 679; GW 5556; HC (+ suscipiatis qua a me scripti sunt. Valete. Add) R 3987 = H 12729; BMC VII, 965; Vita Persii. [Inc.]: Persius Flaccus in Goff B-1213. BM ; (MH). Thuscia Volaterras habet patriam quod cum 1486, Brixiae (Brescia) : per Iacobum Bri-

Eusebius testetur, ipseque in ultima sua tannicum. Morgan 31; HC 12730; Goff Satyra innuit.../...[Expl.]: tenuium opum P-350 ; IGI IV, 233 # 7501. BM; (MH).

se fuisse declarat illic. Quis expedivit psit- 1491. See Composite Editions. taco suum chere picasque docuit nostra ver- 1492. See Composite Editions. ba conari. Magister artis ingeniique largi- 1494/5, die xiiii Februarii. See Composite

tor venter. (Prol. 9-11). Editions,

Commentarii. [Inc.]}: Satyra carmen est 1494, die xxii Aprilis. See Composite Ediut Diomedi placet apud Romanos maledi- tions. cum, ad hominum vitia carpenda comoediae 1497. See Composite Editions. priscae charactere compositum.../... ita- 1498. See Composite Editions.

que more satyrico opus suum ex abrupto 1499, ad vi calendas Februarii. See

incipiens in Trimetrum iambicum erumpit Composite Editions. docens non ea se facilitate poetam factum 1499, die IIII Novembris. See Composite

esse qua Hesiodus et Ennius poetae facti Editions.

dicuntur, sed egestate et rerum difficultate 1500, ad quartum idus Maias. See

coactum ut versus faceret. Composite Editions.

Nec fonte labra (Prol. 1). Versus est sena- 1500, vii Augusti. See Composite Editions.

rius iambicus qui et trimeter nominatur. 1500, die xxi Julii, Brixiae (Brescia) : Constat enim pedibus sex, recipere potest per Iacobum Brittanicum Brixianum. Moriambicum locis omnibus, maxime apud gan 60; H 12732; BMC VII, 983; Goff P-

tragicos. ../... Pegaseium (Prol. 14)... 351. BM ; (MH).

Quorum meminit ita Cicero in oratione pro 1505. See Composite Editions. Publio Quintio: O hominem fortunatum 1506. See Composite Editions. qui eiusmodi nuntios seu Pegasos habeat. 1507. See Composite Editions. O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Reprehen- 1508, die xvii Julii. See Composite Edisurus hac satyra varia poetarum in com- tions. ponendis carminibus vitia, eos in primis 1508, ad quartum calendas Augusti. See satyrica indignatione persequitur, qui inani Composite Editions. quadam carmina scribunt ostentatione. . ./ 1510. See Composite Editions.

...[Expl.]: inventus (Sat. VI, 80). id est c. 1510. See Composite Editions.

ostende, designa mihi ubi, idest in quo divi- (*) 1511, Lugduni [Lyons]: J. de Vingle. tiarum loco inventus sistam, hoc est pe- Panzer, VII, 296, 167; Baudrier XII, 214;

dem figam, ac si dicat tantam esse suam, not in Morgan. Troyes. without shelf mark; cupiditatem ut nullo 1511, pridie kalemdas Februarii. See

pacto ei finem ex se reperire queat. Sic- Composite Editions. que poeta cupiditatem avari insatiabilem 1511, septimo Octobris. See Composite

esse ostendit. Editions.

268

PERSIUS

1512. See Composite Editions. Valerius Maximus, with two questions of 1514. See Composite Editions. rhetoric, and with texts of Vergil, Cicero,

1515. See Composite Editions. and Ennius.

_ 1516, die xxv mensis Aprilis. See Compos- Dedication. (ed. of 1490). Raphael Re-

ite Editions. gius Hermolao Barbaro Salutem. [Jnc.]: 1516, 8 cal. Octobris. See Composite Disputationem quam mihi nuper et inep-

Editions. ; , tiae et convicia et foedissimi cuiusdam Cal-

1520. See Composite Editions. . furnii errores in media Academia Patavina 1520, die XV Decembris. See Composite Serra ; wae expresserunt, studiosissimi iuvenes ut emitEditions. t fflagit desistunt. Huic aliquid 1522, die xxiiii Octobris. See Composite am en agi are non esis un Shute aliqu Editions. patrocinium cum nuncupatione quoque com-

1523. See Composite Editions. parare instituerem, tu mihi in primis cui

1525, secunda die Octobris. See Compos- ipsam dicarem, occurristi. ../...[Ezpl.]:

ite Editions. Quare si tibi recte videbor in hac reprehen1534. See Composite Editions. sione sensisse, nihil est mihi dubitandum quin

1551. See Composite Editions. doctissimus quisque meam sit probaturus 1613. See Composite Editions. opinionem. Vale maximum studiorum decus.

Doubtful Editions: Paduae, idibus Maiis, MCCCCLXXXVIIII. 1492. See Doubtful Composite Editions. Raphaelis Regit Conclusiones et Quaestio1503. Brescia. Morgan 70 (Morgan simply nes in nonnullos errorum cuiusdam Calfurnii

refers to ‘some bibliographers’). Bestiae....(A list of the questions to be

1507. See Doubtful Composite Editions. discussed). 1544. See Doubtful Composite Editions. Raphaelis Regii in nonnullos errores cutus-

Biography: dam Calfurnii bestiae disputatio.

See CTC I, 232. Add to Bibliography : (Inc.]): Tametsi gravissimo clarissimae Dizionario biografico degli Italiani XIV huius Academiae iudicio poteram esse con-

(1972) 342-43 (by U. Baroncelli). tentus quo me ex auditore professorem, ex

discipulo doctorem effecit, cuiusdam _ ta-

20. RAPHAEL REGIUS. men Johannis Bergomensis, qui perosus patriam ac nomen sibi a parentibus impositum

During the 1480’s at Padua, Raphael mavult Calfurnius Brixiensis nominari, caRegius was engaged in a bitter dispute lumnias in me saepius privatim publicewith Johannes Bergomensis, better known que iactatas semel in iucundissimo conas Calphurnius Brixiensis. In the course of spectu vestro, eruditissimi iuvenes, retunthe dispute, according to Regius’ account, dere et confutare decrevi. . . (Regius tells students who were dissatisfied with the at some length the story of the dispute, teaching of Calphurnius asked Regius to particularly as it concerned the chair of lecture on Persius to them. Regius did so rhetoric at Padua)....Quam ob rem quo and composed a short commentary on melius faciliusque an muneri profitendae in Persius; the commentary apparently has tanta academia rhetorices aptus sit diiudinot survived, but we have some material care possitis, dum primam_ conclusionem from it in a Disputatio against Calphurnius grammaticam expono, quaeso attente aupublished by Regius in 1490: “... quibus diatis. Tametsi autem iste oratorum prin(i.e. the students) ego non solum morem ceps suae facundiae suavitate nos omnes gessi, sed enarrationes quoque meas in indignos putat, mihi tamen cum ipso sercommentariolum unde haec fere descripta monem esse vobis persuadeatis velim. sunt redegi” (sig. bsb of the edition cited Polidamanta pro Nerone et Troiades pro

below). Romanis inepte nimium acceperunt qui sic Regius’ Dispufafio begins with four con- illud Persii exposuerunt :

clusions dealing with Persius; the six fol- Ne mihi Pulydamas (sic) et Troiades Lalowing conclusions deal with a text of beonem Praetulerint. (Saf. I, 4-5). 269

LATIN AUTHORS

Si quid a vulgo paedagogorum differes, ITI, 1964-65 ; Tiraboschi VI, 3 (1809) 1049vanissime Calfurni, numquam tam ineptas Oo. expositiones tantosque errores in enodandis A. Medin, “Raffaele Regio a Venezia”, Persii Satyris disseminasses. ...(Regius in Archivio Veneto-Tridentino I (1922) 237-44. questions II and III discusses Sat. I, 76-8 and 123-26. The last question deals with 21. JOHANNES BAPTISTA CANTALICIUS.

the acervus Chrysippi of Sat. VI, 80).... [Expl]: Quod enim quidam putant ad Sori- Cantalicius’ commentary on Persius is ten argumentationem referendum mihi ea- preserved only in a Paris manuscript (BN tenus probatur, si intelligunt Chrysippum lat. 8277). It is dedicated to Franciscus sorite per additionem fuisse usum in ea Maria, Bishop of Viterbo from 1472 to 1491,

constituenda divitiarum summa qua unus- when he was transferred to Terni; the quisque deberet esse contentus. Sed de bishop’s reign thus provides chronological argumentatione avarus minime sentire vide- limits within which the commentary must

tur.... (There follows a further attack on have been composed. Calfurnius and then the other questions). ... Dedication. (Paris, BN, lat. 8277) Can-

| Expl. of the Disputatio] : neque committeres talycii ad praestantissimum praesulem Franut invitis ac reclamantibus ingeniosissimis ciscum Mariam episcopum Viterbi commenquibusque iuvenibus clarissimam omnium tarii in Satyras Persianas. Cantalycius doAcademiam tuis ineptissimis simul ac flagi- mino suo F. M. Viterbii episcopo sal. p.d.

tiosissimis lectionibus pollueres atque in- [Inc.]: Incredibilis quo te prosequor amor,

famares. praestantissime praesul, ac benivolentia Edition: singularis voluerunt me seria tua negotia 1490, Venetiis (Venice) : Guilelmus Anima atque gravissima otia meis ineptiis inter-

Mia Tridinensis. HC 13810; BMC V, 411; turbare....ut eam scilicet interpretatioGoff R-116; not in Morgan. BM; (CtY; nem quam in Persianas satyras evigilarem

MH). tibi absque ulla erubescentia dedicarem.... Biography : Nam cum philosophiam omnem theologiam-

Raphael Regius (Raffaele Regio, da Ber- que plenissime omnium biberis, bonas horas

gamo) was born toward the middle of the poetarum fabulamentis te tradere nequafifteenth century at Bergamo; he died at quam existimabam. Verum tamen cum BarVenice in 1520. He studied under Marcus tholomaeus Scandianus, vir literatissimus Musurus and at the University of Padua quo familiarissime utor et dominationis tuae where in 1482 he became Professor of potentissima tuba, atque hinc non minus Greek, Latin, and Rhetoric. At Padua he vir egregius atque homo doctissimus Libehad a bitter dispute with Johannes Calphur- ratus noster qui sub dominatione tua offinius, but he had a wide circle of friends both cium scribae_ secretarii (sic) sapientissime among scholars such as Hermolaus Barba- gessit me ad id efficiendum saepius hortarenrus, Hieronymus Donatus, and Aldus Manu- tur, ancipitem animum confirmarunt. Ta-

tius and among rulers such as Johannes ceo excellentissimum virum legum_interFranciscus III Gonzaga and Sigismund, pretem quam sanctissimum, auditorem ius-

King of Poland. From 1508 until his death titiae tuae integerrimum Franciscum Rutilo-

Regius was professor at Venice. nium, qui me ad rem adeo animavit ut

Works: Editions or commentaries of vigiliarum mearum vindicem ac patronum

Cicero, Horace, Quintilian, Ovid, Plutarch ; munificentissimum mihi comparasse non translation of Basil into Latin; polemics dubitem. At cui melius Persiana interpreagainst Johannes Calphurnius and Marinus tatio poterat dedicari quam illi qui Persium Becichemus ; De laudibus eloquentiae; a admodum familiarem haberet? Hoc enim

funeral oration on Aldus Manutius; Ora- aiunt prae caeteris poeta te delectari qui

tiones ; and Epistolae. cum tua theologia vitiorum genus omne diBibl. Chevalier, Biobibliographie II 3918 ; verberat virtutemque per omnia suadet et Cosenza IV, 3018-21 and V, 1519; Joecher docet. Hic a plerisque obscuritate verborum

270

PERSIUS

ex academia poetarum exploditur. ... Qui- dinem a fonte Pegaseo dictam qui Musis dam temporibus nostris cum publicam gram- poetisque omnibus est dedicatus. maticam profiteretur occepissetque Persium Nec fonte labra (Prol. 1), Hoc epigramma auditoribus interpretari ad primam deficiens habet versum trimetrum §archilochium lectionem codicem fune suspendit atque achathaleticum (sic) et hypercatalecticum.

illum scutica non modicum verberavit. Trimetrum autem appellatur quia constat Volo, inquit ineptus, suae obscuritatis det ex tribus pedibus duplicatis. . . ./. . [Expl]:

poeta meritissimas poenas....Ego certe, Est aliud carminis genus quod appellatur humanissime princeps, qui huius poetae > aecint. Alia qualitas carminis. 0 curas studiosissimus extit, putavi me rem gra- hominum (Sat. I, 1) dactylica est per totum. tissimam facturum simul et quam plurimis In primam Satyram. utilissimam, si in eius satyras hos quos ad te O curas hominum o quantum est in rebus mittimus commentariolos elaborassem. vo inane (Sat. I, 1) Huius operis materia est erit certe, crede mihi, operae pretium si quam Juvenalis his versibus pronuntiavit : quandoque vacaverit eum perlegere. Quod Quicquid agunt homines votum timor ira st tuam humanissimam reverentuiam non voluptas/Gaudia discursus nostri est farrago parvi facere nostra cognovero, totam in te se libelli (Sat. I, 85-86). Nam omnium saty-

mea Musa convertet. Vale felix. rorum intentio est hominum vitia effulmiAd praestantissimum praesulem F. M. nare, virtutes persuadere. Satyra autem tota

epigramma. eas Latina est ut ait Quintilianus, licet a GraeScripserat in mores viridi quae Persius cis hoc scribendi genus defluxerit.../...

aevo [Expl]: (on Sat. VI, 80) qui et septuaginta

. veafes . Loa volumina scripta reliquit quae XXXX°

(line 10) A cunctis poterit liber in orbe legi. anno suscipiens LXXX° definivit inde pau-

Ad librum endecasyllabum . cis post diebus diem mortis obivit. Tui

Audax - properas rogo libelle acervi (VI, 80) id est tuarum coacervatarum (line 12) Dum quaeris tibi premium laboris. neal logue: Habes igitur, praestantissime Title: Cantalycii commentarii in Satyras praesul, nostram super Persianas Satyras Persianas ad praestantissimum praesulem interpretationem cui nec ego ut iurisconsulFranciscum Mariam epsicopum Viterbii. ti sigillum veritatis appono, verum illi proPoetae vita. [Inc.]: Lutius Aulus Persius fundissimo ingenio tuo elimandam atque Volaterrae Etruriae urbis nascitur pridie castigandam transmitto. Quod cum humanonas Decembris, Tiberio imperante atque nitatem tuam effecisse cognovero, satis lucu-

anno ejus imperio (sic) XXI° ex Flacco patre brationes meas commendasse credidero. Vale.

et matre Fulvia Sisenna nobilissimis claris- Manuscript :

simisque parentibus.../.. [Expl]: Reli- (micro.) Paris, Bibliothéque Nationale,

quit patrimonium non mediocre quod omne lat. 8277, s. XV, membr. et cart., fols. 1-138

suae matri legavit hac lege ut inpartem (Catalogus Codicum Manuscriptorum Bib(? corr. ex: inpatrem) Cornutum acciperet. liothecae Regiae IV, 444; Scarcia 379).

Bibliothecam vero Chrysippo reliquit quam We are indebted to Mlle. Marie-Pierre Laf-

aiunt a Cornuto subreptam. fitte of the Bibliothéque Nationale for infor-

Commentary. [Inc.]}: Nec fonte labra mation on this manuscript. (Prol. 1). Oratorie Persius arrogantiam evi- Biography : tans satyris suis hoc epigramma in modo See CTC I, 227. excusationis praemittit ne videatur cuiusque

insolentiae accusandus propterea quod ad 22. JOHANNES TABERIUS. aliquid scribendum exiverit cum iuxta illud

Juvenalis: tot ubique vatibus occurras Johannes Taberius completed his com-

(Sat. I, 17-8). ../... Pegaseum melos (Prol. mentary on Persius in September 1495; 14), idest poeticam suavitatem atque dulce- it is preserved in one manuscript at Paris. 271

LATIN AUTHORS

Commentary. (Paris, Bibliothéque Na- Ex praeceptionibus Joannis Taberii cumutionale, lat. 8278, f.1) (Inc.]: Nec fonte labra latissimi grammatici absolutissimique re-

prolui caballino (Prol. 1). Persianae inter- thoris (?) Calendis Septembris anno pretationi quattuor ista auspicium dabunt : MCCCCXCV_ exercitu. Veneto sociorum-

poetae vita, titulus, materia, explanatio. que (?) in (Fornovensi ?) agro ad sedan-

Aulus Persius Flaccus ut Eusebii Chronica dam Gallorum efferatam insolentiam exisattestantur olympiade ducentesima tertia tente non inutile operosae iuventuti opus-

anno vigesimo primo Tiberii Caesaris Vole- culum, terre natus est... (on f. 3 the ‘introduction’ Manuscript: passes without paragraph into the com- (micro.) Paris, Bibliothéque Nationale,

,mentary lat. 8278, a. Prologus) 1495, cart., fols.ergo 1-116v. on codicum the carpens am- . . (Cataloeye Rewe ., ; gus manuscriptorum Bibliothecae

bitiosos et vanos Poetas qui inanibus fabula- giae IV (1744) 444; Scarcia 380). Informa-

mentis se prodiisse iactant ut imagines tion supplied by Mlle. Marie-Pierre Laffitte gipsias (sic) et coronas hederaceas conse- of the Bibliothéque Nationale.

quantur, reprehendens etiam illos qui cum Biography : nulla sint doctrina, optimi poetae haberi Johannes Taberius Brixiensis (Giovanni volunt, se amore virtutis poeticae carmen Taberio da Brescia) flourished in the late

Musis dedicare dicit. fifteenth century. He was born in Rovato, a Nec fonte labra (Prol. 1). Ego, inquit Per- town near Chiari, in the province of Brescia ;

sius, non ea ostentatione ad scribendum ac- hence he is sometimes called Rovatensis. cedo ut dicam me creatum optimum poe- Taberius taught grammar, eloquence, and tam degustatis Musarum aquis aut per vana Greek ; he was Professor of Greek and Latin somnia. Ad Hesiodi et Ennii alludit fabu- at Brescia. Among his friends were Franlam. Hesiodus poeta Graecus olim pastor ciscus Barbarus Minor, Helias Capreolus, fuit, qui cum ad Heliconem patris greges Franciscus Buccardus, and Aldus Manupasceretur a Musis inventus in Heliconem tius, who in 1502 addressed to Taberius the tractus dicitur magnus effectus poeta aquis dedicatory letter of the De urbibus of SteMusarum prius degustatis. . ./... refulserit phanus Byzantius. Augustinus Saturnius (Prol. 12) respexit pecuniae splendorem, si was his pupil.

splendor pecuniae ad oculos pervenerit, Works: Only the Persius commentary

hoc toto versu significat Persius se non eges- seems to have survived ; Taberius was known

tate non spe lucri sed Musarum amore scri- as a grammarian but no grammatical works bere et hic sensus optime quadrat si sequen- are extant ; in 1486 he edited and extensively

tia diligenter inspiciantur. revised the commentary of Omnibonus Leo-

Satyra. nicenus on Lucan. O curas hominum, o quantum est in rebus Bibl. : Cosenza IV 3359-60 ; V, 1729.

inane (Sat. I, 1). Pime (sic, for: Primae) satyrae argumentum est contra vanos et 23. ANTONIUS VoLscus PIPERNAS.

ambitiosos poetas qui molli et lascivo carmine plausum popularium captant cum util- In 1578 Johannes Thomas Freigius edited ia potius poemata et componere et recitare a volume which in addition to the commen-

melius foret..../...[Expl.]: (f. 116v) Chry- tary of Antonius Foquelinus (see p. 289 sippe finitor tui acervi (Sat. VI, 80) Sorite below) contained three previously unpub(?) syllogismi invenias et facias finem divi- lished commentaries, by Antonius Volscus tiis meis quia ego invenire nescio, non quod Pipernas, by Philippus Valentinus (see

se insatiabilem dicit sed.... finitor tui p. 292, below), and by Philippus Engel-

acervi, quia solus sciebas finem syllogismi brecht Engentinus (see p. 285 below). In tui invenire. Depinge (Sat. VI, 79) designa. his dedication, Freigius tells us that he had ubi in quo divitiarum termino. inventus received the commentaries of Valentinus sistam, consistam et pedem figam, q.d. and Volscus from the printer of the volume,

inexplebilis est heredum avaritia. Petrus Perna, while he had obtained the

212

PERSIUS

commentary of Engelbrecht from the library O curas (I, 1). Consueverunt qui Satyras of his father. There is no indication of the scribunt ante omnia declamatores et rudes date or circumstances of the commentary of poetas carpere, qui cum alia ratione non

Volscus. possent, muneribus audientium favorem Dedication of Freigius. (ed. of Basel, 1578). sibi conciliabant. . ./. . Chr ysippe (VI, Johannes Thomas Freigius Gulielmo Adolr- 80). uF Ingenii_ solertissimi fuit. Epicurum

ho [for Adolpho] Scribonio S. [Inc]: Physi- i" scribendo imitatus est, nam volumina cam tuam secundum leges methodicas xatd aaa et undecim de dialectica scripsit.

mavtoc, xab’atro, xabdAov xodrtoy in ordi- i m8. Se C ite Edlti | nem redactam, proximisque nundinis edi- 7 pee ompos! © IONS: |

tutam,.ad1582. Composite Editions. summa cum.See voluptate legi..... Sed . wy s . Biography: eam rem maior tibi animus adda- | . . .

tart urque nt tior familiarit Antonius Volscus Pipernas (Privernas, de inver Nos arctior tamiiaritas con- Priverno ; Antonio Volsco da Piperno) was

trahatur, hos in Persium commentarios born about the. middle of the fifteenth (quos a P. Perna typographo acceptos century ; his name is derived from Piperno multis laboribus correxi et transscripsi), near Frosinone, in the province of Rome. tibi inscribere constitui. Valentinus praeter He was a professor at the University of alia cum reliquis communia hoc proprium Rome, and a member of the Roman Academy habuit, quod cum Persio Horatium diligen- of Pomponio Leto. He devoted his study tissime ubique contulit, quem etiam Tiguri to Ovid, Nonius Marcellus, Persius, Catullus, suis his commentariis illustravit. Volscus Tibullus, and Propertius ; only his commenautem maiorem verborum rationem habuit, taries on the Epistulae and on the Heroides

licet ex Plinio et historicis pleraque ex poe- of Ovid seem to have been published. tis etiam fabulis, quae ad obscura authoris Bibl. : Chevalier, Part I, Vol. II, 4718; loca illustranda facerent, non segniter con- Cosenza, V, 1907-8 and VI, 294; G. C. Giuquisierit. His ergo ex parentis mei Nicolai liari, Della letteratura veronese (Bologna,

Freigii bibliotheca adieci ea quae is a Phi- 1876) 126, 130, 138, 222, 260; B. Pecci, lippo Engelbrechto Engentino poeta fes- “Contributo per la storia degli Umanisti nel tivissimo (qui Friburgi Brisiacorum poeti- Lazio” in: Archivio della R. Societa Roma-

cam olim docuit) publica acroasi quasi sua na di Storia Patria XIII (1890) 451-526 at |

fecerat. Adiecimus etiam Foquelinum qui 535-55. : , (ut Rami discipulum agnoscis) praeter grammaticam, rhetoricam, ethicam, politi- 24. Jopocus Bapius ASCENSIUS.

a trian ane we am em "Toe Badius’ first publications on Persius were

P Qtyxoy = Supteeae the short comments on Satyra II,) ,61-75 ergo mei erga amoris et benevolentiae : : ; signum benevolo animo excipito. meque included in his Sylvae morales printed at

S18 tuos pire,amicos, mequ vel Lyons in 1492 (HC 15191; Goff B-3). In inter in extrema cera, scri. . ws . 1499 he published a full commentary, the

bito. Vale. Datum Altorfii Noricorum. wee g as letter of dedication to which is dated January Anno MD LXXVIII.

; , 27, 1499. The commentary was Commentarius Volsci, [Inc.]: (Prol. I, 1frequently . . , , and . . . aorer reprinted, and in 1523 Badius revised

was +s expanded it.

f.) Magna dissimulatione Neronis principis . avaritiam et iniqua tempora accusat. Nam , dum se tutari nititur, quamobrem ad scri- a) the edition of 1500. a,

bendum Satyras ex aliorum consuetudine Dedication. (ed. of Lyons, 1500) Jodocus velut repentinus poeta animum appule- Badius Ascensius Levino Mauro et Guilrit. ../... Pegaseium melos (Prol. 14) idest helmo Diviti, cultioris litteraturae proceridulcissimum cantum, qualem Pegasides, bus et concivibus atque coamicis optimis idest Musae, solent reddere, si refulserit S. D. [Ine.]: Crebra et ferme quottidiana tantilla spes nummi, invenies poetas qui studiosorum efflagitatione lacessitus Persii

dulcius cantabunt quam Pegasides. familiarem sane atque parabilem explana-

273

LATIN AUTHORS

tionem quam ipsis et in Valentino perquam ultimo loco verborum ordinem seu ut dicunt celebri gymnasio et in Lugdunensi clarissimo constructionem litteralem.

emporio ac litterarum olim iam confugio, Familiares commentarii. [Inc.} : Et primo profitendo praelibaveram, adhuc_indiges- ipsius praefationis argumentum. tam fateor et in plusculos annos premen- Praeludendo docet satyram se _ scribere dam, edere ac plane prostituere coactus posse. Nec fonte labra (Prol. 1). Quia poesum, non quod vel ea mihi vel ipse mihi ob ta non immerito in male atque inepte, id est eam placerem, sed quia studiosorum votis indecore aut ad indebitum finem, scribentes diutius obluctari his humeris non poteram, aut recitantes poemata primam satyram

praesertim cum non minus utilitatis ex scribere constituerat.... Pegaseium (Prol. ipsa familiaritate atque non indiligenti, si 14), idest quale canunt qui se Pegaseio,

quidem ita censebitis, negligentia quam ex idest caballino fonte potos gloriantur, quod diligentiori lima bonae opinionis ac gloriae dicit, si labor hoc potest praestare avibus, accessurum sperarem. Neque enim omnes atqui non potest mihi minora cum ex natura

sine praeceptore vel argutiores commen- aptior sim. Innuit ergo se quoque posse tarios vel abstrusiuscula poetarum_ sensa satyram scribere, et ideo auspicatur cum comprehendere possumus....Hanc autem summa indignatione dicens O curas etc. lucubratiunculam nostram, concives op- (Saé. I, 1). timi, vestris clarissimis nominibus nuncupo O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1) In hac prima ac dedico, non abs qua vel famae vel eru- satyra reprehendit poeta ineptum scripditionis aliquid expectetis, sed quae a vobis torem ut poetam, qui ad indebitum finem, praesidium sperat certissimum. Adiecimus videlicet ad ostentationem aut inanem gloexactissimos Johannis Britannici commen- riam scribit. . ./...

tarios eo quidem animo ut quibus nostra O Chrysippe finitor tui acervi (Sat. VI, sordescet humilis familiaritas, illius subli- 80) idest qui finem aliquando statuisti scripmes delectent argutiae. Postposuimus vero, turis tuis, depinge ubi sistam (Sat. VI, 79), non quia eos minoris faceremus, sed ut gram- idest in quantis divitiis ego inventus sis-

matices tyrunculi e regione textus familia- tam... .[Ezpl.]: neque expositiones nos-

vant ers exp aneurin habeant. feces tras poetae menti aut caeteris dictis repugPolitiani dii boni qualium virorum praclec- "™&tes convincet, rideat cum lubebit, sed

, tiones, ut eis post rerum verborumque indi- quia hactenus candidus ful nec quemquam

eae lacessivi, verbum non amplius addo.

cem veluti hypocratico quodam mulso nos-

tra lecturus os ielunum imbuat. Haec sum- b) The edition of 1523

ma est. Valete litterarum decora et, quod Dedication (ed. of Paris 1523). Jodocus

facitis, nos redamare pergite. Ex officinia Badius Ascensius, Domino Joanni ab Lugnostra Lugdunensi, anno a natali salvatoris duno Acrolucio viro anxie docto et cum prinostri MDCCCCIC ad sextum calen. Febru- mis observando S. D. [Inc.]: Magna provi-

arii. dentiae benignitate et aequo illo, licet in Vila Persitt et quorundam aliorum per paucos, Jovis amore, Joannes circumspec-

Jodocum Badium annotatio. [Inc.]: Poetae tissime, protensis et ferme aequis passibus, huius vitam ex superiori commentario no- insignem theologum, admirandum philosotiorem puto quam ut de ipsa plura dicam. phum, et praestantem oratorem, fratrem Memineris tamen lector qui in nostram sen- tuum Oliverium nuper... defunctum, asse-

tentiam iturus es.../...[Eapl.]: Explana- queris....(Badius praises Oliverius and

tio nostra ponetur ante Brixianos commen- also Johannes, who has been working on tarios ; in qua hoc ordine procedere consti- commentaries to Cicero’s orations, though tui, ut primo argumentum ponamus, deinde Badius has not yet been able to publish

filum seu contextum eius particulae quam them. He is grateful for Johannes’ pa-

simul interpretatam voluerimus. Tum inter- tience). .. quod tam patienter tamque lonpretationem potissimum vocabulorum de ganimiter hanc Auli Persii, satyrici argutissi-

quibus alii minus abunde meminerint. Et mi, cum doctissimis magnorum virorum, 274

PERSIUS

praesertim Johannis Baptistae Plautii, com- 1511, septimo Octobris. See Composite mentariis, impressionem hactenus expectare Editions.

dignatus es. Plus enim quadriennio in 1512. See Composite Editions. manibus meis sunt, nec enim potui prius 1514. See Composite Editions. illis imprimendis locum indipisci. Quam cul- 1516, 8 cal. Octobris. See Composite

pam eo confidentius agnosco et fateor, quod Editions. tantae dilationi paria reponere molior. Nam 1520. See Composite Editions. praeter eos quos tunc habebam commenta- 1522, die vero xxiiii Octobris. See Comrios, alteros duos neutiquam poenitendos, posite Editions.

Aelii videlicet Nebrissensis et Johannis 1523. See Composite Editions. Murmelii Ruremundensis, nactussum. Meos- 1525, secunda vero die Octobris. See que supra trigintos annos elapsos, non pa- Composite Editions. rum auxi, cum tamen constituerim ea in 1534. See Composite Editions. illis expungere quae tum iunior pueris dic- 1551. See Composite Editions.

taveram, nisi futuros veritus essem, qui Doubtful Editions:

reliquos mancos et semiplenos succlamita- 1507. See Doubtful Composite Editions. rent, quique sententiam mutasse arguerent, Biography : quod licet nulli vitio dandum censeam, si See CTC I, 231. Saniorem acceperit, in hoc tamen opere

mihi nequaquam faciendum constitit. Nam 25. SciPIO FERRARIUS quae tunc a nullo admonitus sensi nunc lec-

tis nonnullis aliter sentientibus non recan- The commentary of Scipio Ferrarius was to, ne tamen prave pertinax arguar, constan- licensed for printing January 30, 1501, and

tis opinionis rationem subinde apertius it appears to have been a very early work of superaddendam duxi. Quae omnia limatulo the author.

tuo jiudicio, non vulgari trutina, sed in- Dedication, (ed. after 1501, Jan. 30)

terioris artis statera atque examine suffulto, Iliustrissimo Principi Gulielmo Marchioni subiicio. Boni itaque consule ac vale, magnae Montisferrati, Scipio Venetus Georgii fispes altera Galliae. E chalcographia nostra ad lius de Verolongo S. P. D. [Jnc.]: Cogitanti decimum Calendas Martias sub pascha supra mihi cui potissimum has studiorum meorum sesquimillesimum, tertium atque vigesimum. primitias dicarem, princeps_illustrissime, The Incipit and the Explicit are the same occurristi in primis tanquam fulgentissimum

as in the 1500 edition. sydus duce quo res meae initium caperent,

Editions : inchoatae melius perficerentur. .... Haesi-

1499, ad vi kalendas Februarii. See taveram prius has pueriles quodammodo nu-

Composite Editions. gas tanto principi destinare, nec nisi ad 1500, ad quartum idus Maias. See Com- regem regia, sic ad principem digna principe

posite editions. munera tradere. Verum cum ex genitore 1500, vii Augusti. See Composite Edi- meo istine e ditione tua oriundo et innume-

tions. ris aliis, praesertim ex clarissimo equite vi1505. See Composite Editions. ro integerrimo et apud illustrissimum Vene-

1506. See Composite Editions. torum dominium oratore tuo Urbano de 1507 ad octavum calendas Tulii. See Com- Ferra Longa, de clementia et magnanimi-

posite Editions. tate, mira ante annos prudentia et morum 1507, ad octavum calendas Octobris. See facilitate, deque incredibili erga litteratos

Composite Editions. et litterarum studia, quibus plurimum delec1508, ad quartum kalendas Augusti. See taris, observantia accepissem, et probavi Composite Editions. consilium meum et intrepido animo ausus 1510. See Composite Editions. sum iudicio et censurae tuae haec mea scrip-

c. 1510. See Composite Editions. ta subjicere....Suscipe igitur pusillum 1511, pridie kalendas Februarii. See Com- munus, ne erubescat, hilari fronte et perse-

posite Editions. veranti animo perlege. Non ingratos nec 275

LATIN AUTHORS

inutiles ut autumo ex eo fructus percipies. O curas hominum(I, 1). Reprehensurus hac

Vale nostri spes unica saecli. satyra varia poetarum in componendis carLetter to the author, Franciscus Rossetus minibus vitia, eos in primis satyrica indigVeronensis studiosissimo adolescenti Sci- natione persequitur qui inani quadam 0s-

pioni Veneto Georgii filio de Monteferrato. tentatione carmina scribunt. .../... Put S. P. D. [Inc.]: Elaboratas in Aulum Per- acervi (VI, 60)....quod bonum est, id

sium summa cura et ingenio glosas tuas, Sci- optabile est, quod optabile expetendum, pio mi suavissime, cum perlegissem, incre- quod expetendum laudabile, quod laudabile dibili tum gaudio, tum admiratione affec- honestum, quod honestum bonum. tus sum, quod adolescentulus adhuc tam Ther e follows a Tabula. On the last page , ae , are printed the Periochae of Johannes Petrus operosam provinciam et audacter suscepisses Valerianus, and also a four-line poem: Ad et quod factum cuivis arduum videri pote- Scipionem Persii interpretem.

rat strenue naviterque absolvisses..... Edition:

[Expl]: Is est enim qui aevo nostro inter After Jan. 30, 1501 : [Venice, no printer]. principes Italos sicut nobilitate et maiorum Morgan 56; Reichling 671; Goff P 352; stemmatibus reliquos antecellit, ita tanquam | IGI IV, p. 236. Oxford, Bodleian ; (MH).

Martis alumnus armis praestantior et omni Biography : studiorum genere eminentissimus appare- Scipio Ferrarius de Monteferrato (Scipio bit. Vale, studiosissime mi Scipio, et quod Venetus, Scipione Ferrari) was born late dici solet néume cic Zoyatov thy entothuny. in the fifteenth century; he is called an Vita Persti. [Inc.]: Persium aggressuro in adulescentulus in a letter attached to the

primis necessarium visum est eius vitam edition of c. 1501 (see the letter of F. Rossepercurrere. Aulus Persius Flaccus patre tus, above) ; his father was a physician and Flacco, matre Fulvia.. ./...[Exzpl.]: In eo a printer at Venice. Scipio lost the sight of namque mira carminis acerbitate summa eius one eye at the age of three. He studied ingenii virtus indicatur auctore Quintiliano, under Franciscus Rossetus. In addition to lib. 10, Plinius in praefatione libri naturalis his commentary on Persius, he took part in historiae, Haec doctissimum omnium Per- editing an edition of Galen, published in

sium legere nolo (I, Praef. 6). 1522

| Introduction. (Satyra quid) (Znc.]: Satyra Bibl.: Chevalier, Biobibliographie HUI, est cibi genus ex variis et diversis rebus 1492: Cosenza IV, 1385; G. C. Giuliari,

conditum, farcimen, sc. ut scribit Varro, ex Della letteratura veronese al cadere del secolo

uva passa polenta, nucleis pineis musto XV (Bologna, 1876) 341-42; G. Vinay, conspersis, et granis mali punici.../... L’umanesimo subalpino nel secolo X V (To{Ezxpl.]: Principium igitur factum ab indig- rino, 1935) 159-61. natione more satyrico et ex abrupto opus suum incipiens tanquam affirmet quod ab 26. JoHANNES BAPTISTA PLAUTIUS. adversario longa disceptatione obiiciebatur

se nullum prorsus cum Musis commercium The commentary of Johannes Baptista

habere, ut sit sensus, fateor me nec Hippo- Plautius was published in 1502, with a comcrenem bibisse nec somniasse in monte Par- mendatory letter from his teacher, Philippus

nasso ut de se alii iactant. Et gestu adju- Beroaldus. vandum. Philippus Beroaldus ad Lectorem (ed. of

Commentary. [Inc.]: Nee (Prol. 1) con- Bologna, 1502). {Inc.]: Commentarios in junctio est disjunctiva, ut nec legit nec scri- poetas non parum multi quotidie cum laude

bit. Ponitur et pro non adverbio. Turpil. componunt, inter quos Johannes Baptista

Nec recte dici mihi iam dudum audio. ../... Plautius apprime studiosus, doctus, ingenii

Mellos (Prol. 14)....Fitque repercussio acumine praepollens, et mihi discipulus,

dulcior aura melo, sed hoc loco geminavit Il. nuper condidit haec annotamenta ad enout scansionis stet ratio, ut Vergilius li. I, dandos Persii satyrographi nodos mire con-

30 Relliquias Danaum. ducentia. Est itaque caligo poematis tene-

276

PERSIUS

bricosi, immissa luce, discussa, et salebritas oety det idest etiam propria iugulare et refel-

laevigata. Lector ingredere, citra offensa- lere oportet, ut scribit Aristoteles. tionem a carcere ad metas usque discurres. Introduction. [Inc.|]: Satyrarum genera

Vale. duo agnoscimus, alterum antiquius tam a Johannes Baptista Pius ad Plautium. Graecis quam a Latinis usurpatum, alte[Inc.]: Magnus Aristarchus titulum si rum recentius, quod cum ab antiquiore

laudis Homerus. defluxerit, Latini tantum excoluerunt. . ./ ay Paar ...[Expl.]: opus est ergo magnanimitate [Expl.]: (line 10) Major honos quantum vi- et fiducia quandoquidem illius qui per ignolior arte furor. rantiam neglegentiamve aberraverit debiDedication. Ad magnificum Jacobum Anto- ta poena nulla alia sit quam ut sciens effinium de Sancto Vitale Belfortis comitem et ciatur et diligens, ut apud Plinium auctor est equitem auratum:Johannis Baptistae Plautii Hermocrates. epistola. [Inc.l: Cum, magnifice comes Ja- Commentary. [Inc.] : Nec fonte labra (Prol. cobe Antoni omniumque eruditorum favissor 1). De poetis et poetarum studiis scriben-

constantissime, a principe philosophorum tes, sicut de aliis rebus varia, diversa, et nihil in vita esse utilius quam nobis ipsis penitus dissentanea tradiderunt.../... Pefinem aliquem metamque nostris actionibus gaseium (Prol. 14)... . Eusebius hunc statuere.../...[Expl.]: Quod si tibi gra- equum cuiusdam mulieris fuisse tradit, Pale-

tum et non iniucundum cognovero, sublimi phatus [in his De incredibilibus] Persei, Vel feriam sidera vertice et te tanto vindice vi- dictus est Pegasus quod fontem ungula pertilitigatorum linguas cote livoris acuminatas cussum foderit, quod his Propertius asseveet invisorum qui tantum legunt ut carpant rat. Visus eram moli recubans / Heliconis vituperonumque morsus virulentos haud in umbra Bellerophontaei qua fluit humore pertimescam. Vale faustiter et genio faven- equi. (Eleg. III, 3, 1-2).

te meque clientulum tuum si non amare O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Graecorum saltem diligere ne dedigneris, qui te veneror poetarum moris est eodem tempore propo-

et colo. nere simul et invocare. Homerus in Iliade

There follow twenty lines of verse by .../... depinge ubi sistem. Nicolaus Aldrovandus, 14 lines by Camillus Inventus (Sat. VI, 79-80)... .[Exzpl.]: Aldrovandus, a note by Plautius on his use Fuit autem Chrysippus philosophus Apollo-

of eques auratus, and a list of errata. nii Solensis filius, de quo Cicero quaedam,

Letter to the Reader. Johannis Baptistae nonnulla Valerius, plurima Laertius tradi-

Plautii Fontilatensis ad lectores epistola. derunt.

{Inc}: Ut in exponendis auctoribus et Editions:

praecipue in poetis qui, ut scribit Plato 1502, Bononiae (Bologna): per Caligulam nupy (sic) womep Mateges Tho sopiac Bacilierium. Morgan 68; Panzer VI. 321, Elot nyepoves id est nobis tanquam patres 13; NUC. Ferrara ; (MH). sunt et duces sapientiae.../...[Eazpl. .|: 1516. See Composite Editions. qui in Protagora ait sapientes omnes qui 1520, die XV Decembris. See Composite

mala turpiaque committunt praeter volun- Editions. , tatem peccare in qua non in facto crimen est 1523. See Composite Editions.

(ut inquit Apostolus). Sed quod instat 1524, Parisiis. Not in Morgan. BN. agamus ne veniam antequam peccaverimus 1551. See Composite Editions.

deprecari videamur. Biography : Vita poetae. [Inc.]: Aulus Persius Flaccus Johannes Baptista Plautius (de Plotis, non Ligur, ut quidam somniant, sed He- Giovanni Battista Plozio) was born at Parma truscus patre Flacco, matre Fulvia olym- in 1485 and flourished in the first part of the piade ducentesima tertia imperante Tiberio sixteenth century. He was a patrician of

Volaterris natus est.../...[Ezpl.}: idest Novara, in Piedmont, and studied at Boplurimi homines mali qui et ignorant quod logna, where he lived in the home of Jopro defensione veritatis xat ta otxeta avat- hannes Franciscus Aldrovandus. Among his

aii

LATIN AUTHORS

teachers were Philippus Beroaldus the Elder Quibus ego quemadmodum concedo erudiand Johannes Baptista Pius. Plautius taught tionem longe maiorem atque plurimarum reat the University of Bologna. In addition to rum cognitionem, ita illud mihi possum meo his commentary on Persius he wrote on the quodam iure vendicare, quod est grammatici

law and composed poetry. proprium, omnium prope clausularum sensa

Bibl. : Cosenza IV, 2851-2 and VI, 1441- exprimere, singulas particulas etiam illas 42; Ferrari, Onomasticon p. 547; Ireneo quae sunt in promptu per alias notiores aut Affé and A. Pezzana, Memorie degli scrittori aeque notas exponere, orationis partes ore letterati Parmegiani (Parma, 1789-1833) dinare et quod fieri Quintilianus praecepit, III, 232; VI, 440 and 959; Joecher VI, quoties opus fuerit, versus quosdam etiam 382 ; S. Mazzetti, Repertorto di tutti i Pro- paraphrasi vertere. fessori della Universita e dell Istituto delle Quid quod et viri quidam doctissimi qui scienze di Bologna (Bologna, 1848) 249. post illos priores scripserunt dum aliud agunt, quosdam locos praeter aliorum opi27. ANTONIUS NEBRISSENSIS. nionem interpretati sunt, ut quod Hermolaus Barbarus in septimum librum Naturalis

The commentary of Nebrissensis was first | Historiae exposuit : ast illi emit omento popa published in 1503 and was later frequently venter (Hist. Nat. XI, 37) ;|quodque Angelus

reprinted. Politianus in prima quam unicam vidimus

Dedication. (ed. of Seville, 1504) Aelii Centuria argumentum illius Satyrae cuius iniAnthonii Nebrissensis grammatici in A. tium est Rem populi tractas (Persius, Sai. IV, Persium Flaccum poetam satyricum inter- 1) et illud non in festuca lictor quam iactat inpretatio ad illust. Do. Johannem de Stunica eptus (Sat. V, 175), illud praeterea: praesto Cisterciensis militiae magistrum, quondam est mtht Manius heres / Progenies terrae (Sat. Dalcantara, nunc eiusdem ordinis praesulem VI, 56-57) ; et quod Philippus Beroaldus in amplissimum, archiepiscopum Hispalensem quibusdam suis annotationibus, Qui prior Romanaeque ecclesiae cardinalem dignissi- es, cur me in decursu lampada poscis ? (Sat. mum. {[Jnc.]: Admonuisti me identidem, VI, 61-2), et illud in calce operis Jnventus pater amplissime, ut in A. Persii Flacci Chrysippus tui finitor acervi (Sat. VI, 80); Satyras commentarios certis quibusdam a at alii item alia. Nos quoque nonnihil de te praescriptis legibus componerem, ut nostro attulimus, ne penitus aliorum vestibreves, ut dilucidi, et quod brevitati ma- giis insistere videremur. Sed de his hactexime repugnat, ut nihil quod necessarium nus, ne quod Aristoteles vetat fieri, extra esset omitterem, tales denique quales illi opera plura sint quam opera. Vale.

fuissent, quos in opera Vergilii tuo iussu Commentary. {Inc.]: Auli Persii Flacci. perscripsimus... (Johannes admired Per- Hic titulus duo quae sunt in cuiusque operis sius but found him difficult)... Addebas indice necessaria tangit, auctorem videlicet

praeterea legisse te quorundam interpre- et libri materiam.../...Dicta autem est

tum in hoc opus enarrationes, perlongas satyra a satyris in quorum habitu iocantes illas quidem et quae nonnumquam patientia rustici inducebantur huiusmodi se carminilectoris abuterentur, sed quae tibi interdum bus lacessentes.

minime satisfacerent, utpote in quibus com- Nec fonte labra (Prol. 1). Garmen est plura desiderantur. Ego vero tametsi eram trimetrum iambicum hipponacticum, sive occupatus atque in medio cursus fervore galliambon sive choliambon sive cylliambon illius operis, quod de sacrarum litterarum sive scazon ; habet enim in sexto loco spongrammatice iam pridem parturio, non potui deum.../...Mellos Pegaseium(Prol. 14) non obsequi imperio tuo.....Nec ignoro ....» Quare lectio communis defendenda

quantae sit difficultatis poetas interpretari, est, et mellos per duplex L scribendum, vel hunc praesertim quem tuis auspiciis tuoque ita legendum, Cantare Pegaseium mellos imperio explicare aggredimur, quantae prae- credas. terea audaciae post tot praeclaros viros qui O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Cum poetae in hoc opere insudarunt aliquid novi afferre. satyrici sit hominum perversos mores insec278

PERSIUS

tari, ab eo in quo ipsi poetae maxime pec- (*) 1527, [Paris]: Ex officina Roberti cant, initium facit, ostendens eos magis ex Stephani. Palau y Dulcet 223854 ; Morgan vulgi opinione quam ex re ipsa laudem quae- 771. Madrid, Bibl. Nac. rere. ../.. .[Expl.]: Inventus finitor tui acer- (*) 1529, Lucronii Cantabriae (Logrofio) : vi (Sat. VI, 80) idest qui in soritis illis argu- in aedibus Michalis (sic) de Eguia. Morgan mentationibus, quae videbantur progredi in 125; Palau y Dulcet 223855. Venice, Bibl.

infinitum, aliquem tamen modum finemque Marciana. .

invenisti. Modus autem divitiarum, ut Se- nae fal enpostte Editions. neca in epistolis inquit, primus sit habere 1503, Logrofio. Palau y Dulcet XIII, 162. Nam cum sint instrumenta, debent ex primo 1506, Logronio. Palau y Dulcet ibid, Politi Aristotel; , ti 1514, Alcala, ibid. (in contrast to the olllicorum Aristotelis esse proportionata known edition of 1514, Alcala, this edition

quod necesse est, proximus quod satis est. ~ ae

fini. . is said to have 32 folios). Haitions : | . | . - Biography :

(*) 1503, Hispali (Seville) : arte et ingeniis Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis (Elio AnStanislai Poloni necnon Jacobi Cronberger tonio de Nebrija or Lebrija) was born in Alemani sociorum. Palau y Dulcet, Manual 1441 at Nebrija (Nebrissa Veneris) in Anda223845. Not in Morgan. Seville, Bibl. Co- lusia ; he died in 1522 at Alcala de Henares.

lombina. Nebrissensis began his studies at Salamanca 1504, Hispali (Seville) : impressa impensis but before he was yet twenty went to Italy

permagnis loannis Laurentii librarii, arte and remained there ten years. In Italy he et ingenio Iacobi Kromberger Alemani. studied Greek and Hebrew at the Spanish Palau y Dulcet 223846 ; NUC; not in Mor- College in Bologna. On his return to Spain gan. Salamanca, Bibl. Universitaria ; (MH). he taught first at Seville (1473) and then at

(*) 1505, Logrofio, Arnao Guillem de Salamanca. In 1502 Cardinal Cisneros Brocar. Palau y Dulcet XIII, 162; not in delegated to him the task of revising the

Morgan. Madrid, Bibl. Nac. Latin and Greek text for the Polyglot Bible, (*) 1512, Lugduni (Lyons): [no printer] and in 1509 he was appointed Royal His-

Morgan 88. BM. torian. In 1513 he moved to the University (*) 1512, Toleti (Toledo): impensis, in- of Alcala where he held the chair of Elo-

genio, et arte Nicolai Gazini ex Pedemontium guentia Latina.

et Joannis de Villaiquiam sociorum. Palau Works: Nebrissensis wrote a Latin gram-

y Dulcet 223847 ; not in Morgan. mar Introductiones in Latinam grammaticam 1514, Compluti (Alcala de Henares): Ar- (1481) and also a (Castillian grammar naldi Guillermi sumptibus. Morgan 95; Grammatica sobre la lengua castellana as

Palau y Dulcet 223848. BM. well as a dictionary of the two languages (*) 1515? Alcala. Palau y Dulcet 223849 ; Dictionarium Latinum-Hispanicum et His-

not in Morgan, Salamanca, Bibl. Univ. panicum-Latinum. He commented on Aris-

1516. See Composite Editions. totle, Cicero, Persius, Prudentius, Quinti-

(*) 1517, Compluti (Alcala de Henares) : lian, and Sedulius; he edited Pomponius Arnaldi Guillermi sumptibus. Morgan 103; Mela; and he translated into Latin the

Palau y Dulcet 223850. BN. Spanish chronicles of Falagar. In addition

(*) 1521, Compluti (Alcala de Henares) : he composed a Lezicon Juris Civilis, a

in officina Arnaldi Guillermi. Palau y Dul- treatise De liberis educandis, and a number

cet 223851; not in Morgan. New York, of short poems.

Hispanic Society. Bibl.: J. S. Diaz, Manual de Bibliogra1523. See Composite Editions. fia de la Literatura Espafiola (Barcelona,

(*) 1526, Compluti (Alcala de Henares) : 1963) 106 (bibliography); Encic. Italiana in officina Michaelis de Eguia. Morgan 120; XXIV (1934) 480 (by Salvatore Battaglia) ; Palau y Dulcet 223853. Madrid, Bibl. Nac; M. Menendez y Pelayo, Bibliografia hispano-

(MH). latina clasica (Madrid, 1902) 844; Catalogo 279

LATIN AUTHORS

de la Exposicion bibliografica de Elio An- reati in Persii librum obscurissimum lucutonio de Nebrija (Barcelona, 1950) ; F. Gon- lentissima commentaria foelici auspicio. z4lez Olmedo, Humanistas y Pedagogos es- Introduction. [Inc.|]: Plures fuisse Persios pafioles: Nebrija (1441-1522) debelador de legimus e quibus ille praecipue recitandus la barbarie (Madrid, 1942); idem, Nebrija est de quo Cicero in secundo De oratore hiis en Salamanca (1475-1513) (Madrid, 1944; verbis: C. Lucilius homo doctus et pertur-

P. Lemus y Rubio, “El maestro Elio An- batus. Persium non curo mea scripta letonio de Nebrija” Revue Hispanique XII gere..../...[Eaxpl.]: (fol. 4) in quo Quin-

(1910) 459-508 ; idem, “Notas bibliografi- tiliani iudicio plurimum verae laudis mecas” Revue Hispanique XXIX (1913) 13- ruit. Quapropter sic Martialis: Saepius in 120; R. B. Tate “Nebrija the Historian” libro memoratur Persius uno quam Lelius

125-46. 29, 8).

Bulletin of Hispanic Studies XXXIV (1957) tota Marsus Amazonide (Martial Epigr. IV, De satyrarum generibus, {Inc.]: Satyra-

28. Curtus LANCILOTTUS PASruUs. rum duo feruntur genera, prius Graecum,

alterum Latinum, illud antiquius ex tra-

The commentary of Lancilottus Pasius is goedia fluxit. Nam ut scribit Laertius trapreserved only in one manuscript at Modena goedi quattuor certabant poematibus.. ./ (Est. lat. 414) dated 1508. The work is ...[EAxpl.]: anno urbis CCCCXC, Eusebius dedicated to Duke Alfonso of Ferrara, who scribit Livium temporibus Ennii fuisse, nec

succeeded his father in 1505, and hence mirum si vocat tragoediarum scriptorem, Pasius must have completed it sometime siquidem haec fluxit a tragoedia. between 1505 and 1508. After the com- De satyra Latina. [Jnc.]: Alterum genus mentary the manuscript contains an index Satyrae a Latinis, auctore Quintiliano, inwhich is primarily directed to the passages ventum, ideoque /haec tota nostra est, Argee

where Pasius has corrected the errors of (sic) comoediae charactere composita, priearlier commentators, including Politian. mum ad carpenda hominum vitia. vralee The index is dedicated to Hieronymus Mag- [Exp i]: Priscianus affirmat in libr ° de ver naninus, a secretary of Duke Alfonso. sibus comicis dicens Postremo loco in iambico

7 iambum vel pyrrichium omnino veteres posu: a) The commentary isse inveniuntur. Terentiani quoque scriptoris

Dedication. (Modena, Biblioteca Estense, antiqui de iambico metro carmina probant. lat, 414 (Alpha H. 5. 17) fol. 1v). Mlustrissi- Commentary. A. Flacci Persii Volatermo et excellentissimo Duci Alfonso Atestino rani in Satyrarum librum prologus. [JInc.]: Cur(ii) Lanciloti Pasii Ferrariensis laureati Nec fonte labra prolui caballino (Prol. 1).

in Persii obscuri (sic, for obscurissimum Eo artificio proloquitur Persius in inanes

librum?) luculentissima commentaria. Epis- ambitiones quas antiqui iactantius et antitola, [Inc.] : Cogitanti mihi, illustrissime du- quorum imitatores sectati sunt se relinquere

cum splendor Alfonse, quam variis ingeniis quasi inferiora scripturus.../...res enim vita nostra exerceatur et eorum praecipue fuisset aperta quod non decet satyram in

qui tempus ipsum fallere ludis ac rebus vili- operis initio contra principem unde est quod

bus indignum existimant, succurrit illud ait in satyra hic tamen infodiam (Sat. I,

immortalis dei munere collatum esse... ./... 120). {Expl}: (fol. 2) nostrum librum si non ampli- Satyra prima. [Ine.]: O curas hominum, tudini tuae videatur parem ferre tenorem, o quantum est in rebus inane (Sat. I, 1). More sapiens tamen amoris e flamma, e civis tui satyrico ostenditur initium ut Juvenalis fidelissimi cultu prodisse cognosces. Vale et Horatii ab indignabunda et effusa ora-

felix. | tione quo jure et merito priores versus proTitle: Ad inclytissimum et excellentissi- hemium seu proloquium diximus non satymum Prin(cipem) Alfonsum Atestinum Fer- ram. ../...[Ezpl.]: (fol. 103v) Statua Chryrarii Regii Mutinaeque ducem celeberri- sippi fuit in porticu quae est a portis Athemum, Curii Lanciloti Pasii Ferrariensis lau- niensibus ad Ceramicum locum ubi erant 280

PERSIUS

imagines eorum (corr. ex: deorum) aeneae see the end of the Commentary), fols. 1-110

quotquot fuerunt digni. Autor Pausanias. (Kristeller Ifer I, 371; R. Sabbadini, Le

b) The index. scoperte dei codici latini e grec (Firenze,

; ; ee . Biography:

Dedication. (ol 104v) Clarissimo D. Hie. 1905) 1, 149 and 168 ; Scarcia 279).

ronymo Magnanino illustrissimi ducis Al- See above, p. 186.

fonsi Archigramm(atico) a secretis dignissimo, ,

Curii Lanciloti Pasii Ferrariensis Laureati 29. HERMANNUS BUSCHIUS PASIPHILUS. in Compendiolum Scriptorum j|Persianorum

epistola. ([Jne.]: Poetarum fuisse morem, The 1522 edition of the Commentary on vir clarissime Hieronyme, accepimus cum Persius of Johannes Murmellius (see below

primum coepit Phoemonoe (sic) versibus p. 283) contains an exchange of letters

oracula canere, ut ad templi umbilicum et between Murmellius and his friend Herman-

ipsi commorantes gloriose canenti accine- nus Buschius. The letters are not dated, rent.../...[Expl.]: Accipe igitur, vir claris- except that Buschius’ was written “XII sime, non quia maiora non sis meritus, Loco- Cal. Aprilis’. Since the letters are not rum observatorum in tui memoriam Compen- included in the Murmellius edition of 1517 diolum quod Persium lecturis non sit inutile, which was also the year of his death, the

sed qui (sic) ut corpore principi ita memo- interchange of letters should probably be riae tuae nomen (sic, read: nomine) splen- placed in that year but too late for the dori operis, quod illi dicavimus, foelix adsi- edition. Murmellius writes that he has

deas. Vale, Laneil ot tul memor. heard through students of Buschius’ lectures

Ex Regio Lep id} tertio decimo Galendas on Persius and hopes that he may obtain a lanuarias, secundl ad tercentesimum lus- copy. In a long letter of reply Buschius in-

trum Christianum anno tertio. . , cludes specimens of his work on the Prologus

, (fol. 105) D. Flieronymo Magnanino foeli- and on Satyra I but indicates that he has no citatem. Cur(ii) Lanciloti Pasii Ferrariensis time to send more. Laureatt Adnotanones (sic) _ comp endiari- If a complete commentary ever existed, ae loca in quibus nonnull inter pre tantes it does not appear to be any longer extant. Persium, apices litterarum secuti videntur However a Basel manuscript contains what aberrasse. AP ud quae (sic) legere est ea are said to be selections from the commenquae ab ili s illepide ve negligentius enar- tary of Buschius as well as from those of rata non sine ignorantiae vel (sic) nota ef- Johannes Britannicus and of Johannes Cufusa, Haec (7) autem e plurimis recensen- bicensis. The selections are very fragmentary, tur quae legere est disp ersa per opus nec and it has not been possible to determine non quae ab ills omittuntur necessaria nee their relationship to the material found in indecora poterunt inter legendum observari. Buschius’ letter to Murmellius. The letter

Alfons! Numine. and the manuscript will therefore be treated

[Inc.] : De Persio et eius vita. De satyraet separately. eius generibus. De genere quo prologus

constat. Inibi error Politiani Ecnomi.. ./ a) The letter to Murmellius ...[Expl.]: (fol. 110) Post C octogesimus Letter of Murmellius to Buschius (ed. of

secundus error. Finitor acervi (Sat. VI, 80). Cologne, 1522). Johannes Murmellius Her-

Iilepida sunt G XXXVI numero. Tlle- manno Buschio suo. [Znc.]: Si vales, bene pida autem vocatur quae priores vel inepte est; ego quidem valeo. Accepi, Pasiphile

vel non curiose vel diminute protulerunt, ita suavissime, ex aliquot studiosis hominibus, ut acutus lector quid videatur desideraturum te cum istic Persii satyras non sine gloria

fuisse (sic) quibus rebus videtur inter le- enarrares, ex varia et recondita eruditione gendum sublatus decor et gratia. téhos. nonnulla in medium protulisse, quae in

Manuscript: pervulgatis commentariis minime lectiten-

(micro.) Modena, Biblioteca Estense, lat. tur. Quare cum his diebus ego quoque 414 (Alpha H. 5. 17), a. 1508 (for the date, (tametsi non sat idoneus professor) in eun-

281

LATIN AUTHORS

dem Persium sim impacturus, oratum te Persio. Nam per fontem caballinum, Helivelim ut pro humanitate tua, quae uno conidas, palladam Pyrenem (Prol. 1 and 4) omnium ore (nec immerito) celebratur, me inutilem materiam scriptorum notat, quam participem facias eorum, quae vel Marte tuo propterea ut dicit relinquit etiam illis, qui inventa vel ex veteribus et fortasse nondum imaginibus et statuis laureatis sibi rem facpublicatis commentariis exquisita nostris tam esse credebant, per quos sine dubio velstudiis non indigna censueris. Habebis me licat nobiles Romanos qui haec insignia virtibi hoc nomine magis obnoxium, nec isto- tutis sine ulla virtute impudenter recipierum quicquam citra honorificam tui mentio- bant prava quorundam deferentium adulanem nominis publicabo. Vale decus nostrum, tione. Per reliqua enim Quis expedivit psittaet Murmellium tui amantissimum dilige. co suum chere (Prol. 8), et quae sequuntur ad Letter of Buschius to Murmellius (ed. of finem usque taxatur avaritia eorumdem no-

Cologne, 1522) Hermannus Buschius Pasi- bilium. . ./.. .[Expl.}: Est ergo quasi Satyphilus Murmellio suo. [ZJnc.] : Omni ex parte, rae sequentis propositio quaedam, ut supra quas ad me dedisti, litterae tuae mihi placue- dixi, hic choliambus. Hactenus de prologo runt, Murmelli humanissime, nec erat quod _ Persiano, nunc vero de prima operis ipsius

in illis culparem tantillum praeter brevi- satyra videamus.

tatem....Petis a me quasdam meas in (Satyra I)

Persium enarrationes, quas me hic auditori- [Inc.}: Hanc in poetas malos scriptam fere bus meis dictasse (ut ex tuis litteris intelli- omnesconsentiunt. At cur in solos poetas illam

go) quorundam istic studiosorum sermo Persius potius quam generaliter in quosvis vulgavit, quod in eis fortasse loca quaedam scriptores malos? Quod non poetas mordeat illus poetae secus quam ab aliis interpreti- haec Satyra solum, sed etiam prosa oratione bus a me explicata putas. In nonnullis sane scribentes, vel ille versiculus abunde argueab illis, fateor, dissensi, et etiam mihi dis- rit Scribimus inclusi numeris, ille hic pede

sentio, fortasse non recte. liber (Sat. I, 13). ... Quare non ignorantiae

Et ut loca quaedam tibi commonstrarem, vitia, nisi obiter, sed vitae et morum deiambicon scazon illud, quod quasi operis honestamenta castigare et reprehendere prin-

vestibulum advenientem lectorem statim cipaliter nunc in scriptoribus Persium arexcipit, cur a poeta appositum quaeve eius gumentum interim est illud, quod primo argumenti notio neminem adhuc video satis statim versu inquit O curas hominum o

explicasse. quantum est in rebus inane (Sat. I, 1). Non (Prologus) quantum est, inquit, in litteris, in syllabis,

[Inc.]: Aliieum in poetas libidinosos aut in verbis sed quantum est in rebus inane. alias vitiosos invehi arbitrantur, alii alia Quis leget haec? nemo, hercule, nemo vel

quaedam, sed nusquam ferme remota er- duo vel nemo.../... Infero et concludo

roris nebula, suspicantur. Ego autem dico paucis, nihil aliud esse hanc primam Satyproprie denuntiationem esse reprehensionis ram Persii quam reprehensionem nobilium in nobiles Romanos, gloriam doctrinae ex Romanorum et proprie senum studio et vitiis suis aucupantes. Quid potest dici otio scribendi per turpes et indignas nugas, simplicius? Hoc tamen isti grammatici ad inanes gloriolas auditorumque assentaverbosissimis ambagibus non sunt assecuti. tiunculas nequiter abutentium. Prima enim Satyra Persii in nobilibus duo [Expl.]}: Habes, Murmelli, tantum de praecipue damnat, inutiles inquam fabulas prima Satyra Persii et liminari eius choliamlevitatemque materiae in scribendo, et sor- bo, meam sententiam, nam de reliquis mides illiberalitatemque erga doctos quosque, hi scribere modo non vacat. Quam si pronon poetas modo, verum alios etiam, ut bas gaudeo ; sin improbas, poenitet profecgrammaticos, rhetores, historicos, quam to temeritatis quod novo hoc modo in scaereprehensionem etiam Juvenalis tota sep- nam coram te Roscio litterario prodire non tima Satyra peragit. Haec duo igitur velut extimuerim. Vale et ista, qualiacunque propositione praelibantur primum et quasi tandem videbuntur, boni consule. XII Cal. ante denuntiantur nobilibus hoc scazonte a Aprilis Coloniae. 282

PERSIUS

Editions: Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum (Leipzig,

1522, mense Augusto. See Composite 1830) 527; Scarcia 13 and 18, Haenal and

Editions. Scarcia cite the manuscript twice, under 1525, mense Aprili. See Composite Editions. Buschius as AV 34 and without shelf mark

1528. See Composite Editions. under Brittanicus; the correct shelf-mark 1531. See Composite Editions. was ascertained by Paul Oskar Kristeller).

1534. See Composite Editions. Biography :

1537. See Composite Editions. see below pp. 391-92. 1538, Coloniae. See Composite Editions.

1538, Parisiis. See Composite Editions. 30. JoHANNES MURMELLIUS. 1546. See Composite Editions.

1553. See Composite Editions. The first edition of Murmellius’ commen-

1568. See Composite Editions. tary is dated 1517. It is divided into a b) The fragments in the Basel Manu- paraphrase, or Ecphrasis, and Scholia.

script. Dedication (edition of Cologne, 1517).

Ms. F VI 34 of the Universitaetsbibliothek Johannes Murmellius Ruremundensis Alar-

at Basel bears the title: In A. Persii satyras do Amstelredamo suo salutem plurimam VI Britannici et Hermanni Buschii et Jo. dicit. [Znc.]: Superioribus mensibus, vir Cubicensis explanationes manuscriptae. doctissime, tuas accepi litteras, sane quam

Below, in another hand it is stated that the elegantes, unaque cum eis acceptissimum volume was bought ‘“Basileae in publica mihi munus, Christiani principis instituauctione an. dni. MDXXIIII; the manu- tionem saluberrimis refertam praeceptis ex script is therefore not much later than the Erasmi laudatissima nobis officina deprompprinted edition containing Buschius’ letter. tam, quam utinam principes semper in ma-

The material attributed to Britannicus nibus haberent.... Remitto tibi, quo cri-

seems to consist of extracts from the printed men ingratitudinis si non depellam, at certe

editions of his commentary (see above, differam, meas enarratiunculas in Persium p. 267 f.). There does not appear to be any- satyrographum subscisivis, ut aiunt, horis thing from Cubicensis except the six-line hac aestate praeter alia quaedam composisummary of the Argumenta of the Satyrae tas, in quibus hoc unum maxime studui, which was printed in a Heidelberg edition of relictis grammaticorum dissensionibus, vePersius of about 1500(Morgan 48 ; Goff P-340). ram Persianae sententiae medullam studio-

The selections from Buschius show some sis porrigere, et in quantis interdum vulgares connections with his thought as found in glossematarii (sic) versentur erroribus, fathe letter to Murmellius, but it does not cere palam ; quod an consecutus sim aliqua

seem that they are extracts from that letter. ex parte iudicent eruditi.... Vale et hoc Collectanea ex diversis auctoribus com- qualecumque munusculum, ut a tui amanmentatoribusque in sex Satyras Persii adiec- tissimo profectum, boni consule. XVI Catis quibusdam Buschii explanationibus (fol. lendas Novembris Alcmariae.

1v)....([Zne. Buschius]: (fol. 5) Buschius. Ecphrasis. [Inc.]: (Prol. 1) Nec prolui

Fons caballinus graece izzoxo7vy dicitur. labra mea in fonte Heliconis Musis sacro, innos enim equus xo7yvy fons est (sic). quem Pegasus equus alatus ungula sua diciHunc equus alatus ungula primus aperuit tur aperuisse, nec memini somniasse in

a quo etiam fons Pegasus est dictus. The Parnaso duos vertices habenti.../... ut

last passage assigned to Buschius appears facile credat quispiam corvos poetas, hoc to be on fol. 29v: Argumentum Buschii in est raucos, stridulos, ineptos versificatores, sextam satyram. In hac novissima saty- et picas poetrias, idest garrulos, loquaces,

ra.... obstreperos versifices (sic) cantare Pega-

Manuscript: seium melos, hoc est conari, tentare, et suo

(micro.) Basel, Universitaetsbibliothek, ijudicio canere poeticum et quidem dulcissiMs. F VI 34,s. XVI, fols. 1-32v. (G. Haenel, mum carmen.

283

LATIN AUTHORS

Satyra I 1553. See Composite Editions.

(Sat. I, 1). O varias et superfluas mortalium 1568. See Composite Editions.

curas. O quanta est in rebus vanitas. Quis Biography : .

leget haec carmina mea mordacissima?. . ./ Johannes Murmellius (Johann Murmel)

...[Expl]: (on Sat. VI, 80) Duplica rem was born at Roermond, in the duchy of

tuam, O Chrysippe; feci, iam res mea est Geldern, in 1480 and died October 2, 1517 duplex, iam multiplicatur mihi quarto, iam in Deventer. He began his studies under decies. O Chrysippe, qui est iuventus [for Alexander Hegius at Deventer and in 1497

inventus] finitor tui acervi. entered the University of Cologne where he Scholia. [Inc.]: Versus sunt iambici oxa- received the Master’s degree in 1504. MeanCoyvrec idest claudicantes ; habent enim in while he had begun teaching in the Cathedral

fine pro iambo spondeum, qui pes maior est School at Minster, where he defended quam sextus in senario perfecto..../... humanism against the medieval tradition. Cantare (Prol. 14), idest cantando reprae- Here he also began the composition of textsentare, Pegaseium nectar, hoc est dulcissi- books, many of which wer e of great influence.

mum potum Pegaseii fontis, ut postremum |= In 1508, after quarrels with his rector, he primo respondeat, in quo fontis caballini left the Cathedral School and became Rector

mentio fuit. of the Ludgerischule. In 1513 he moved Satyra I again to become the Rector of the school at

[Inc.]: Hac Satyra invehitur in Romanos Alkmaar ; the next years were a period of nobiles ac opulentes, maxime senes quorum intense literary activity. In 1517 the sae

carpit ambitionem...O curas hominum Oe ee . him to Deventer, where he

(Sat. I, 1) Exclamatio est satyrica in varias , Works - Murmellius wrote a number of hominum et quidem stultissimas curas, et books for school use such as an Opus de verabruptum principium indignanti aptum. . | borum compositione, a chrestomathy from .. [Expl]: (Sat. VI, 80). Recta autem uti- Tibullus, Ovid and Propertius, Enchiridion tur apostropha ad Chrysippum Stoicum, scholasticorum, and the Pappa puerorum, an cum ipse in hoc opere maxime Stoicos imi- exercise book for beginning Latin, of which

tetur. De acervo meminit et Martianus Ca- at least 30,000 copies were printed. He pella, Chrysippus cumulet, proprium con- edited or commented on Persius, Alcimus

sumat acervum. Avitus, Boethius, and Juvenal. His most

Editions: important poetic work was the Elegiarum

(*) 1516, Daventriae (Deventer): ex of- moralium libri quatuor, and he also wrote ficina litteratoria Alberti Paefraed. Mor- an influential defense of humanism, Scogan 101; Nijhoff, I. 607-8, 1699. ’s Graven- partus in bar bariet propugnatores et osores

hage, Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Humanitatis. . .

1517, Coloniae (Cologne) ; In officina libra- Bibl. : A. Horawitz, Allgemeine deutsche ria Quentelliana. Morgan 104 ; NUC. (MH). Biographie XXIII (1886) 65-66 ; R. Stuppe-

1522, mense Augusto. See Composite rich, Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegen-

Editions. wart 3rd. ed. IV (1960) 1192 ; Schottenloher, 1525, mense Aprili. See Composite Edi- Bibliographie zur deutschen Geschichte im tions. — Zeitalter der Glaubenspaltung II 74-5, 16023-

s ene ? > *

1528. See Composite Editions. D. Reichling, Johannes Murmellius, Sein 1531. See Composite Editions. Leben und seine Werke. Nebst einem aus1537. See Composite Editions. fihrlichen bibliographischen Verzeichnis 1538, Coloniae. See Composite Editions. sdmmtlicher Schriften. (Freiburg i. Br. 1538, Parisiis. See Composite Editions. 1880) ; Ausgewdhlte Werke des Miinsterischen

1546. See Composite Editions. Humanisten Johannes Murmellius, ed. A. 1551. See Composite Editions. Bémer (Miinster, Regensburg 1892-5).

284

PERSIUS

31. PHILIPPUS ENGELBRECHT Works: Engelbrecht’s most important work was a praise of Freiburg: Friburgica, Engelbrecht’s commentary was first pub- florentissimae urbis Friburgi. . . descriptiolished by J. T. Freigius in 1578 (for the edi- nem complectens. His other poems included tion, see above p. 272), and Freigius tells us an Epithalamium in nuptias Duc. Saxontae that he had obtained the commentary from et Margarethae princ. de Anhalt and a Vita

the library of his father and that it was Divi Lamberti Episcopi Traiectensis. In

derived from the lectures of Engelbrecht, addition to his commentary on Persius, he who had formerly taught poetry at Freiburg edited the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus.

im Breisgau. At the end the commentary Bibl.: A. Horawitz, Allgemeine deutsche

is dated as August, 1525. Biographie WVI1(1877) 134-6; Heinrich Commentary (ed. of 1578, Basel). [Inc.]: Grimm, Neue deutsche Biographie IV (1959)

(Prol. 1 f.) Scazon est praefatio Persiana, 529-30. atque adeo hoc verum est, ut quotquot inter- Joseph Neff, Philipp Engelbrecht (Enpretes Archilochium censent, carminis struc- gentinus). Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des turam ignorasse videantur.. ./...(Prol. 14) Humanismus am Oberrhein. Beilage zum Melos. ... Unde et Marcellus festivissimus Programm des Progymnasiums in Donaue-

poeta Politianum deridet. schingen, 1896-7, 1897-8. Posse negas dici melos facunde

poeta 32. CAELIUS SECUNDUS CURIO

(line 4) Nec, nisi qui laudat nectar, inepte Annotatiunculae attributed to Curio were

canit. first published in 1528 ; they were designed O curas (Sat. I, 1), Per totam hanc Saty- for school use and had a wide circulation ram poetarum sui temporis ambitionem with frequent reprints. The Annotationes, notat, qui usque adeo a vulgi iudicio pende- like the comparable ones on Juvenal (see bant, ut in scribendis mollioribus carmini- CTC I, 232), are anonymous in the editions ; bus nullum modum observare viderentur. . ./ the usual title is simply ‘Cum annotatiuncu-

...[Expl.]: Acervi (Sat. VI, 80) tuorum vo- lis in margine adiectis, quae brevis comluminum, quae accumulasti in maximos acer- mentarii vice esse possunt’. For the attribuvos. Cappadocas. Cappadocia regio Ar- tion to Curio, see Morgan 124 and Renouard,

meniae finitima. Colines p. 128; the Annotatiunculae are Anno 1525. Cal. Augusti. Friburgi Bris- not listed among the works of Curio in the goiae. recentBiography, biography by Kutter (see under Editions: below).

1578. See Composite Editions. In 1551 a small number of Nova Scholia 1582. See Composite Editions. by Curio were added to his edition of the

Biography : commentary of Johannes Britannicus. Philippus Engelbrecht Engentinus (Philipp Engelbrecht) was born about 1499 in a) The Annotatiunculae

Engen in Baden (hence called ‘Engenti- Annotatiunculae. (ed. Paris, 1528) [Znc.]:

nus’) and died September 12, 1528 in Strass- (Prol. 1) Haec praefatio quae primae satyburg. He studied in Wittenberg in 1508 and rae argumenti vice est, notat quorundam

in 1514 he matriculated at Strassburg, stultitiam et sordes, qui sine labore poewhere in 1515 he became lecturer on poetry, tam nasci putant, ipsi interim nihil cuiquam

a post he held until his death. Engelbrecht donantes.

had many contacts with the humanists of (Sat. I, 1) In scriptores qui tantum ad his time and corresponded with Erasmus. voluptatem inepta quaedam et nihil ad He openly expressed his sympathy with the bonos mores facientia scriberent.../... Lutherans and as a result had difficulties [Expl]: (Sat. VI, 68) An parce et sordide, with the Rector and the Senate at Freiburg. inquit, me vis vivere ut haeres nequiter et 285

LATIN AUTHORS

perdite mea consumat, me macerem inedia (*) 1556, Lugduni (Lyons): apud Ioan-

ut ille saginetur? nem Frellonium. Morgan 168 ; NUC. (MH).

Editions : (*) 1556, Lugduni (Lyons): apud Anto-

1528, Parisiis (Paris): Apud Simonem nium Vincentium. Morgan 169; NUC. Colinaeum. With Juvenal as are all the (MH).

following editions. Morgan 124 ; Renouard, (*) 1558, Parisiis (Paris) : H. de Marnef.

Colines p. 128; NUC. BM; (MH). Morgan 171. Leeuwarden.

(*) 1533, Lugduni (Lyons): Apud Seb. (*) 1559, Antverpiae (Antwerp): excudeGryphium. Morgan 131 ; Baudrier VIII, 71. bat loannes Loews. Morgan 173; NUC.

Ravenna. Oxford, Bodleian ; (MH).

, ; g oc ;

(*) 1934, Lugduni [Lyons]: apud Seb. (*) 1559 Lugduni {Lyons}: apud haered.

Gryphium. BLNo II,location. 167; Baudrier Seb. GBaudrier ae BaudriVillu VIII2995 293:not notini VIII, 77; notFabricius in Morgan. ©}. Gryphu.

(*) 1535, Lugduni (Lyons): apud Ioan Morgan. ,

‘ , nium Vincentium. NUC. (MB). (MH).Morgan 176; NUC.

Moylim alias de Cambrai. Morgan 136 ; (*) 1962, Lugduni (Lyons): apud Anto-

Gryphium 'Morgan 135 ; Baudrier VIII we 1) P008 Lugdun) (yons): apug Joan:

NUC. BM: (MH) , ao? nem Frellonium. Morgan 178. Vienna; (*) 1535, Parisiis (Paris): Apud Simo- Leeuwarden.

nem Colinaeum. Morgan 137; Renouard, b) The Nova Scholia

Colines 254. (MH). In the edition of Persius and Juvenal

(*) 1536, Lugduni (Lyons): apud haere- published by Froben at Basel in 1551, comdes Simonis Vincentii. Morgan 139. Bolog- ments by Curio on both authors are found

na, Bibl. Univ. within the commentary of Johannes Bri(*) 1536, Lugduni [Lyons]: apud Sebas- tannicus. The new comments by Curio, of

tianum Gryphium. Baudrier VIII, 95; not which there are comparatively few, are

in Morgan. Lyons. identified by an initial C, at the beginning,

(*) 1538, Lugduni (Lyons): apud Sebas- and S, at the end, of each added note, (for tianum Gryphium. Morgan 143; Baudrier the notes on Juvenal and for Curio’s general

VITI, 115; NUC. BM; (MH). letter of dedication, see the article on Juve(*) 1541, Antverpiae (Antwerp): per Jo- nal by Eva Sanford, CTC I, 233-34).

hannem Hillenium. Morgan 145. Utrecht. Curio tells us in the letter of dedication (*) 1541, Lugduni [Lyons]: apud Seb. that he has edited and revised not only the Gryphium. Morgan 144; Baudrier VIII, text of the poets themselves but also that

147. (MH). of the commentators: Itaque corrupta (*) 1542, Parisiis (Paris): Excudebat Io. emendavi, dubia confirmavi, obscura illusLudoicus Tiletanus. Morgan 147; Renou- travi, diminuta supplevi, id quod non in

ard, Colines 361. (MH). ipsis poetis solum feci, verum etiam in ipso-

(*) 1544, Parisiis (Paris): Excudebat Io. rum explicatoribus. Ludoicus Tiletanus. Morgan 150; Renou- He adds the following particular com-

ard, Colines 398. BM. ments on Persius:

(*) 1545, Antverpiae (Antwerp) : J. Loeus. Persius multos habuit interpretes, credo

Morgan 153. Univ. Jena. obscuritate et difficultate invitatos (est enim

(*) 1549, Venetiis (Venice): apud Hiero- Persius obscurus et sane difficilis), quae duo nymum Scotum. Morgan 161. BM; (MH). praeclara ingenia alliciunt, ignava deterrent, (*) 1551, Lugduni [Lyons]: apud Seb. fortassis etiam operis parvitas, quod putarent Gryphium. Morgan 163; Baudrier VIII, se quicquid erit laboris cito exantluros. Ubi

252. (MH). autem ingressi essent, plura occurrebant (*) 1553, Lugduni [Lyons]: apud Seb. quam putassent. Hinc pro sua quisque vi-

Gryphium. Baudrier VIII, 265; not in rili conatus est strenuam navare operam

Morgan. Carpentras. et difficilem alioqui auctorem facilem et 286

PERSIUS

planum reddere, nonnulli quoque ut erudi- Nam multum est durus, multaque

tionem ostentarent, quorum tamen osten- caligine tectus

tatio, dum multa comportata et congesta Persius, a paucis Persius exposi-

reperiet, nec ingrata nec inutilis erit lec- tus,

tori. Mihi certe ingrata non fuit interpre- Consilium hoc coepi, Paraphrases

tum copia, qua non mediocri levatus sum scribere in omnes

labore. Aliquid tamen etiam Persio pro Autoris Satyras, quam facile iucundo sermone gratiae retulimus. Nam E ne queam. et eius aliquot locos explicavimus et nonnihil , a J «of “EP T: , ae ; . . . (line 25) Vive, vale, nobis iuvenis charissime,

quoque ipsos iuvimusanimadvertent. interpretes, id quod vive lectores facile ..: Nova Scholia (ed. of Basel, 1551). [Inc.]: Vive memor nostri, vive Waleque (p. 431) Numera meliore lapillo (Sat. I, There follow the two-line argumenta of the 1).... Hic ergo Thressa, non cressa, apud Satyrae by Johannes Murmellius. Horatium lego (Carm. I, 36, 10), ut apud Paraphrasis. {[Inc.]: Otiosas o vanas hoFlaccum Argonauticon ii libro Carasque minum curas. O quanta est in rebus huthoris inducere Thressas (II, 132).../... manis vanitas. Sed ut ad me veniam, mihi [Expl]: (p. 639) Patritiae immeiat vulvae scripturienti Satyras has aliquis dixerit:

(Sat. VI, 73)....Immeiere dicuntur, qui Ecquis has, quas scripturus es Satyras leurinam continere nequeunt, quod Graeci get? Verum heus tu, mihi ne hoc dicis? dicunt éuovgetv. Ulpianus Jurisc. facere Tibi, inquam. Nam nemo me Hercule has urinam dicit, sed ad rem obscoenam signifi- Satyras leget, vel ad summum unus et alter,

candam translatum est, idque est e propin- vel quod mihi magis verisimile est, ne-

quo. mo.../...f[Ezpl.]: O inventus Chrysippe philoEdition : sophe Stoice,Sed qui es descriptor 1551. See Composite Editions. acervi argumentationis, qua ceu acervo quo-

Biography : dam voces inter se mutua cognatione con-

See CTC I, 234. Add to the Bibliography, junctae congeruntur, demonstra tandem mi-

Markus Kutter, Celio Secondo Curione. hi certos fines intra quos avaritia constat. Sein Leben und sein Werk (1503-69). Basel, Edition:

1955. [1540, Basel?]. Morgan 725. BM; BN. Biography :

33. CHRISTOPHORUS HEGENDORFINUS Christophorus Hegendorfinus (Hegendorphinus, Hegendorfer) was born in 1500 in

The paraphrase of Persius by Hegendor- Leipzig and died Aug. 8, 1540 in Liineburg. finus is extant only in a single edition, He was a pupil of Petrus Mosellanus. Hegenassigned by the British Museum to Basel, dorfinus was early involved with the Lutherc. 1540. In the dedicatory poem, Hegen- an movement, and he was therefore called dorfinus states that the work arose out of to the school at Liineburg where he defended

his school lectures. Luther’s ideas. In 1525 he became the Dedicatory Poem (ed. of Basel?, 1540?) successor Of Mosellanus at Leipzig. Later Christophorus Hegendorphinus erudito Iu- we find him at Frankfurt where he became

veni Rabano Eysenhut, S. D. Dr. Juris in 1536. In 1539 Hegendorfinus {Zne.]: Cum nuper Persi Satyras, Rabane, was called to Rostock to help with the disertas restoration of the University and there in Coepissem pueris exposuisse 1540 he became Professor Juris Romani.

meis However in 1540 he returned to Liineburg

Item ne trito si tramite forte do- as the town Superintendent but died shortly

cendi afterwards of the plague.

Torqueret pueros Persius ille Works : Exegetical works, in addition to

rudes, the Persius, include commentaries on the 287

LATIN AUTHORS

Dialectica of Petrus Hispanus, and on the (Vatican, Ross. lat. 989)

Verrine orations and the Topica of Cicero. Dedication. Illustrissimo atque excellenHe edited a number of classical authors: tissimo Principi Aloysio Estensi HieronyAristotle, Dio Chrysostomus, Cicero, De- mus Brassavolus. S. P. D. [Inc.]: Mirum mosthenes, Lucian, Nonnus, and Ter- profecto est, princeps illustrissime, mentem ence. Hegendorfinus also wrote Latin humanam varia continuo excogitare eadempoetry and two important Latin comedies : que facere nec unquam ab huiuscemodi ani-

Comoedia Nova and De sene amatore. mae ac corporis functione desistere, at

Bibl.: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie XI semper novi aliquid in medium afferre cu(1880) 274 (Krause and Ludw. Geiger); K. pit, quo cum se homini natam sciat, aliquid Schottenloher, Bibliographie zur deutschen ei comparet. Hinc vero cum divina philosoGeschichte im Zeitalter der Glaubenspaltung phia, medicina, leges, omnesque scientiae,

I, 331 8077-81 ; VII, 93 54979. tum etiam artes ipsae originem duxerunt,

O. Clemen, “Ein Brief von Christoph et maxime poetica ipsa. Quae scientia cum Hegendorfer” Zetischrift fiir Geschichte der inventa sit, ut omnes animi affectus exErziehung und des Unterrichts X XVI (1936) tinguat, laetitiam inducat, maerorem pel-

137-38. lat, hocque secundum multiplices affectus fiat, merito et ipsa varia est, diversas habet 34. HIERONYMUS BRASSAVOLUS. formas et ab omnibus hac de causa amatur, fovetur, ac veneratur. Mihi quidem faculta-

A commentary by Hieronymus Brassa- tis huius pars illa, in qua vitia hominum volus dedicated to Aloysius Estensis is carpuntur bonique mores laudantur, adeo found in a Vatican manuscript. The manu- placuit ut puer adhuc circa eius principis script, apparently autograph, bears the Persii lectionem diu laboraverim et comdate 1544, but it does not seem that this can mentaria quaedam super hanc partem com-

be correct. While there are a number of posuerim. Duo autem ad eius lectionem me possibilities for Hieronymus Brassavolus as impulerunt, cum rerum varietas brevitati author (see G. M. Mazzuchelli, Gli scrittori quodam artificio adiuncta, tum etiam scire II, 4 p. 2029), it is clear that the dedicatee a Divo Hieronymo idem factum esse, qui must have been Cardinal Luigi d’Este, who quidem cum huius authoris lepore illectus was born in 1538 and died in 1586 (on him satyras eius percurreret, in locum quendam see the Enciclopedia italiana XIV (1932) difficiliorem forte fortuna incidit, quem cum 398). Thus the author must have been the non intellegeret nec ingenii sui acumine Hieronymus Brassavolus who was the son penetraret, statim in haec verba prorupit, of Antonio Musa and who was born in 1536. “Persi, si non vis intelligi, suspenderis”. .In his preface he speaks having composed a Caeterum, Princeps illustrissime, laborem commentary on Persius when only a puer hunc tibi devoveo, inscribo, ut detractoand possibly this may be the reason why the res ac maledici tuo nomine deterreantur,

excessively early date was added to the neque caninum dentem in eum exercere

manuscript. studeant, quem quidem si eo vultu accipies,

In the commentary the author has drawn quo caetera omnia soles, nec tuae nec pafreely upon Greek and Latin authors in his rentum humanitati deficies. Vale. attempt to throw light upon the obscurities Introduction. [Inc.]}: Duabus de causis of Persius, and at one point he quotes five ductus hunc authorem Persium Flacum lines from the Plutus of Aristophanes. That (sic) poetam satyricum interpretari constihis derivations were not always sound may tui, cum ut in exponendis authoribus prompbe seen from the following examples: I, 51 tus fierem, tum etiam ut varios poetarum veratrum est herba illa quae alio nomine procedendi modos annotarem. Cum vero

elleborum appellatur; sic autem denomi- antequam liber aliquis incipiatur inter-

natur ab avertendo, eo quod mentem aver- pretari (corr. ex. : aggrediatur), nonnulla ip-

tat. I, 101 menas carmen quoddam est sius contemplanda sint quae a Graecis

quod in festivitatibus Bacchi ipsi canebantur. moodeydueva a Latinis praelibamina vocan2388

PERSIUS

tur. Sunt autem haec titulus operis, inten- Finis. Deo immortali gratia est agenda, tio scribentis, numerus librorum, qualitas quiad finem usque huius laboris me pervenire

carminis, et poetae vita.../...[Ezpl.]: Haec permisit. vero de poetae vita et de his quae a Graecis Manuscript:

moodeyoueva, a Latinis praelibamina dicun- (micro.) Vatican, Ross. lat. 989 (XI 139). tur, sint satis. Iam vero ad litterae expla- Paper. Apparently autograph. Dated 1544.

nationem accedamus. Provenance: Bibliotheca Capuccinorum Pauli Persei Flacci Poetae Celeberrimi Conceptionis of Naples; see F. Gollob

Prooemium Incipit. {Jnc.]: (Prol. 1). In- “Die Bibliothek des Jesuitenkollegiums in tendit Persius in his carminibus derridere Wien XIII (Lainz) und ihre Handschriften”. (sic) illos qui putant se optimos poetas non Sitzungsberichte der kais. Akad. der Wiss., posse fieri nisi fontes ac loca Musis consecra- Wien, Phil.-hist. Kl. CLXI (1909) No. 7 ta frequentaverint. Imprimis autem. Hesio- p. 15. (Kristeller, Iter I], 467 ; Scarcia 521). dum poetam arguit, qui cum oves patris ad Biography : pabulum duxisset cumque in undis caballini Hieronymus Brassavolus (Girolamo Brasa-

fontis potasset, statim poeta clarissimus vola) of Ferrara was born January 25, 1536

evasit, unde sic in illum prorumpit. Caballi- and died October 13, 1594. He was the son nus (Prol. 1) est possessivum deductum ab of the famous Antonio Musa Brasavola, and

isto nomine caballus, quemadmodum et he was noted for the wide range of his

equinus ab equo. Notanda autem est humili- knowledge in Philosophy, Medicine, and tas poetae qui utitur his humilioribus ver- Greek. He was Professor in these subjects bis ne iactantiam quandam prae se ferat.. at Ferrara, and he succeeded his brother as .../...[Eazpl. of Prologus] : fitque repercus- First Physician to Duke Alfonso II d’Este. so dulcior aura melo. Sed hoc loco gemina- Works: De officiis Medici libellus; In

tur L ut ratio scansionis stet. primum Aphorismorum Hippocratis librum

Pauli (sic) Persii Flacci poetae celleberri- expositio ; Tabulae Logicae; Lezioni Atestine |

mi (sic) proemium explicit. libri due.

O curas hominum,. . . (Sat. 1,1). In hac pri- Bibl.: G. Gliozzi, Dizionario biografico ma Satyra reprehensurus est poeta homines degli italiani XIV (1972) 52-53 (with bibillos qui carmina suis temporibus compone- liography) ; G. M. Mazzuchelli, Gli scrittori

bant ea de causa ut apud populum iactan- d’ Italia II, 2029. tiam quandam prae se ferre (MS praeseferre)

possent. Maxime autem inter alios Neronem 35. ANTONIUS FOQUELINUS . arguet eumque ambitiosum saepissime voca-

bit, quoniam et domi suae et in theatro The commentary of Antonius Foquelinus

propria carmina recitabat. Incipit autem ex was first published in 1555, and he tells us abrupto ut maiorem denotet indignationem, in the dedicatory letter to Petrus Ramus et inquit O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1) heu that he had composed it the preceding year. cogitationes virorum, heu miseri, quidnam The copy of the 1555 edition in the Burger-

excogitat homo O heul!.../... tul acervi bibliothek in Bern (Hn 24, formerly G 37

(Sat. VI, 80) tuo cumulo vel acervo mihi a te see H. Hagen, Catfalogus Codicum Bernen-

assignato. Quod autem non detur terminus sium [Bern, 1875] p. 540) has notes of Fovel finis ipsi avaritiae satis patere potest ex quelinus and of P. Daniel. Foquelinus’ notes isto carmine Juvenalis cum cecinit Crescit appear to be in preparation for a new edition.

amor nummi (Sat. XIV, 139) vel etiam ex The edition contains interleaves with corAristophane in Pluto. . . (five lines of Greek rections and revisions. Some _ alternate are cited)... .[Ezpl.]: verum si talenta ali- readings by Foquelinus also occur within the quis sumat sexdecim, multo plures desiderat text itself and are frequently referred to

Sumere sexdecim. Et si hos possiderit, vet. cod. _

(sic) quadraginta volet, vel dicet non esse Dedication (ed. Paris, 1555). Praefatio vivendam ipsi vitam, quibus carminibus ad Petrum Ramum, eloquentiae et philosoostendit nullum terminum esse ipsis divitiis. phiae Regium Lutetiae Professorem. [Jac.] : 289

LATIN AUTHORS

Non ignoras, Petre Rame, quemadmodum consentiente ex unius vel diversarum voolim agricolae fructuum suorum primitias cum sono, et vide Budaeum in commen-

iis potissimum diis consecrabant quorum tariis. numine tempestivam aliquam messis uber- Primae Satyrae Commentarius. Praefatatem et copiam sibi viderentur perce- tionis sententia generalis fuit et universa, pisse. ... Quare si quem te et suavissimo quod Persius poema scribere debeat. Prifratre tuo Audomaro Talaeo, in liberalibus mae vero Satyrae specialior est quaeshumanarum artium studiis doctore et ma- tio... . Ocuras (Sat. I, 1) Prima summaque, gistro, doctrinae et eruditionis fructum con- ut ante dixi, scribendae satyrae ratio ex secuti sumus, si quid ex plenis eloquentiae adiuncta vanitate et inani scriptorum ambiet philosophiae tuae fontibus in nostros tione ducta hoc primo versu proponitur ;

rivulos deducere conati sumus, si quam totis simile est illud : O curvae in terris animae et fere novem annis, quibus apud te fuimus, caelestium inanes (Sat. II, 61).../...f[Exzpl.]: exercendae in bonis authoribus logicae et Acervi (Sat. VI, 80). ...ad cuius captiones rhetoricae artis rationem didicimus, veren- dissolvendas Chrysippus stationes quasdam dum credo nobis non erit ne parum iustam invenerat, ut ante dictum est, unde finitor his nostris in Persii Satyras exercitationibus acervi a Persio nominatur. De Soritis quatestandae erga te voluntatis debitaeque gra- tuor libros a Chrysippo conscriptos refert tiae causam habuisse videamur... . Nam cum Laertius.

anno superiore diebus et horis extraordina- Editions: riis, quae solae mihi Aristotelicam philoso- 1555. Parisiis (Paris): apud Andream

phiam docenti et profitenti ad haec reco- Wechelum. Morgan 166; NUC. BM; (MH). lenda humanitatis studia relictae fuerant, 1578. See Composite Editions.

Auli Persii Safyras tanta cum voluptate 1582. See Composite Editions. discipulis meis praelegerem, ut prope nemo Biography : mihi inter Latinos poetas alius aut senten- Antonius Foquelinus (Antoine Fouquelin tiarum pondere gravior aut verborum splen- or Foquelin) flourished toward the middle

dore ornatior videretur, tentare volui an of the sixteenth century. He came from

qui a nonnullis velut per nebulam scripsisse Chauny in the Vermandois and_ studied putaretur et Boeotica quaedam aenigmata under Cujas. Foquelinus taught Aristotecollegisse putaretur tuis artibus excoli et lian philosophy at the Collegium Prellaeum aliquam interpretationis lucem accipere pos- in Paris as well as law at Orleans. He comset. ...feci, Rame, et magno quidem diutur- posed his Rhétorique for Queen Mary Stuart. noque studio feci, quod te in Cicerone, Virgilio, He was still alive in 1576 in Leiden.

Aristotele caeterisque primariis authoribus Works : Quod Aristotelis doctrina de virexplicandis et interpretandis facere animad- tute nec legitima nec vera sit, oratio (1548) ;

verti, et ad singularem docendi interpre- La rhétorique francaise (1555 and 1557);

tandique praestantiam tuam, sin minus imi- Praelectiones Aurelianae de vulgari et popu-

tatione, voluntate vero proxime acces- lari substitutione, Lib. 2 Instit. (1559) ; and si... [Expl.] : Sed de his hactenus, iam enim the commentary on Persius.

ad poetae nostri vitam festinat oratio. Vale. Bibl.: Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la Datum Lutetiae in Prellio tuo Calend. Aprilis littérature francaise du seiziéme siécle (1959)

anno a Christo nato 1555. 324 10233-10237; Dictionnaire des Lettres Commentary. {[Inc.];: Commentationis hu- francaises (xvi® Siécle) ed. G. Grente (1951) ius meae consilium tibi breviter in praefatione 329.

aperui, deinceps attende quaeso.... Nec

fonte (Prol. 1). Prius argumentum quod poe- 36. Petrus GALLANDUS.

ta sit, per dissimilitudinem tractatur hoc modo, Quamvis in caballino fonte non bi- A sixteenth-century manuscript at Brus-

berim.../...Melos(Prol. 14).... caete- sels contains Annofationes on Persius by

rum pédos a Graecis et Latinis in eadem Petrus Gallandus (d. 1559). The same manuvoce usurpatur pro concentu congruente et script contains, in a different hand, the 290

PERSIUS

Annotationes of Adrianus Turnebus (see, L. Froger, “Les hommes de lettres au xvre below p. 292), but there is no indication of siécle dans le diocése du Mans II. Pierre the date or circumstances of the notes of Galland” Revue de la Renaissance II (1902)

Gallandus. 189-91. Annotationes Petri Gallandi viri doctissimi

in A. Persit Satyras. (Brussels, Bibl. Roy., 37. JuLius CAESAR BULENGERUS cod, II 58) Origo satyrae. [Jnc.]: (f. 57) Satyra a diis sylvestribus lascivis et petulan- Two manuscripts at Troyes contain the tibus nomen habet. Carmen est maledi- commentary of Julius Caesar Bulengerus on cum (?) ad irridenda et coarguenda ho- Persius. One of them dates the commentary minum vitia. ../... de quo Horatius Carmi- as 1587; the other also contains Bulengerus’ ne qui tragico vilem certavit ob hircum | Mox commentary on Juvenal, Safyra XIV (see et agrestes satyros nudavit (Ars poetica 220- CTC II, 425-26).

221). Annotationes in A. Persti Flacci Satyras a [There is no commentary on the Prologus]. Magistro Julio Bulengero data anno 1587 O curas hominum (Sat. 1, 1) Principium (Ms. Troyes 1278, fol. 1). De satyrae ortu et ex abrupto per exclamationem indignanti progressione. Satyram nonnulli contendunt accommodatissimum. Vel duo vel (I, 3) a satyra lance nomen invenisse quae variis Sermo est praeruptus, nam duo vel tres cibis in nobilioribus deorum sacris refersere-

dicturus erat. ../...[Eapl.]: (f. 69v). satur tur (?). Aelianus tamen. lib. 3 variae hisanseris extis (Sat. VI, 71) Ad futura anse- toriae cap. 40 ab ea ratione dissentit. Sic rum (?) respexit quia rectus / (f. 70) olim enim ait.../... (fol. 2v) Saepius in libro in maximis delitiis. Unde Juvenalis: An- memoratur Persius uno / Quam levis in seris ante ipsum magni (Sat. V, 114) quem tota Marsus Amazonide (Martial, Epigramm.

et Horatius (Sat. II 8, 88) Pinguibus ef IV, 29, 7-8).

fissis (sic) pastum iecur anseris albi (sic) Nec fonte labra prolui. Pegasus Medusae Singultieft inguine vena (Persius Sat. VI, sanguine natus in Heliconis tractus cum

72). With this lemma, the notes end. evolasset ungulae ictu fontem Castalium

Manuscript: expressisse dicitur. Eius rei meminit Sta-

(micro.) Brussels, Bibliothéque Royale, tius Saty. (sic) lib. 2 cum ait.../...[Eapl.]:

Ms. II 58. s. XVI ff. 57-70. Not in Scarcia. a canibus lacerari fecit sic apud eundem Ho-

Biography : merum prima vocis wedetai id est cura non

Petrus Gallandus (Pierre Galland) was semel producitur. born in 1510 in Aire and died in 1559. He O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Abruptum was a Canon of Notre Dame at Paris. In est et plane satyricum exordium quo poetas 1545 he succeeded Dionysius Lambinus as qui famam ingenii plus iusto ambiunt insecProfessor of Latin Eloquence at the Collége tatur. Sic Juvenalis exorditur ex abrupto

de France and held that position until his satyra prima.../...[Eapl.]: (last lemma,

death. During the last years of his life he Cappadocas VI, 77) idest articulo currentem was engaged in violent polemic with Petrus servum (?) cum venditur Servius currentes

Ramus. eos omnes vendam nisi tu viceris. [Troyes,

Works : an edition of Quintilian ; a fune- Ms. 2041. plaudebant teste Nichandro cirral oration on Francis I ; Pro schola Parisien- culo currentem servum cum venditur. NaeSt contra novam academiam Petri Rami ; Pe- vius currentes eos vendam nisi viceris].

tri Castellani vita; De Caleto recepta... Manuscripts:

carmen elegiacum. (micro.) Troyes, Bibliotheque Municipale

Bibl.: Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la 1278, a. 1587, misc., cart., fols. 1-73% (Catalolittérature francaise du seiziéme siécle 328, gue Général. .. Départements. 4° Sér. [1 524 ; nos. 10343-350 ; Abbé Goujet, “Pierre Gal- Scarcia 466).

land” Mémoire sur le Collége Royal de (micro.) — —, 2041, s. XVI, misc., cart., France I (438-47); G. Grente, Dictionaire fols. 80-154. In the sections cited, there are des lettres francaises (xvi® Siécle) 340; minor differences in wording from the text 291

LATIN AUTHORS

as found in Ms. 1278. (Catalogue général... Protestant sympathies after 1545. He left Départements, 4° Sér. II 833 ; Scarcia 467). Modena and for a while was Podesta at

Biography : Trent. In 1557 he returned to Modena.

See CTC II, 426. Valentinus went to Rome to be examined and renounced his heresies. However he

38. PHILIPPUS VALENTINUS. did not await the final decision but fled, and if he is correctly identified with the J. T. Freigius first published the commen- author of the above commentary, was in tary of Philippus Valentinus in 1578 (for Zurich in 1560. Tiraboschi (Bibl. mod. V, the edition, see p. 272 above). Freigius tells 317-18) writes that he can find no trace of us that he received the work from the printer Valentinus after 1558 but believes he was of the volume, Petrus Perna. The commen- still alive at the time of his wife’s death in tary is dated at the end as Zurich, November 1567. 6, 1560. The identification of the author is Works: According to Castelvetro, he pronot certain but the most plausible solution duced nothing but some Latin and Italian is that he was Filippo Valentino, friend and poetry as well as an Italian translation of associate of Castelvetro, who had _ been the Poetics of Horace into Terza Rima. compelled to flee Italy in fear of the Inquisi- Bibl.: L. Ferrari, Onomasticon 676 (under tion ; it will be noted that the author cites Valentini); L. A. Muratori, Vita di Lodovico Petrarch in the Explicit of the commentary. Castelvetro, in: Opere Varie Critiche di LoCommentary (ed. of 1578, Basel). {Inc.]: dovico Castelvetro (Bern, 1727 [Reprint Miin-

Prolui (Prol.1). Virgilius. Pleno se proluit chen 1969] p. 16 and 21 f.; G. Tiraboschi, auro. Utitur et Horatius. Somniasse. Ad Biblioteca Modenese (Modena, 1781-86) V, somnium Hesiodi respicit. Pallidam (Prol. 306; VI, 204; G. Tiraboschi, Sforia VII, 3

4) Pallidam ad studia refert.../... Melos (1781) 32 and 216. (Prol. 14)....ut Horatius hoc juvat eft

’. f ..ria.- . ’

melli est, et maxime pro poetica suavitate, 39. ADRIANUS TURNEBUS. cum ait : Manare P oelica melia te solum cre- Two commentaries attributed to Turne-

vantur persaepe Horatio duices Musae vo- bus are extant. The first, titled Annofa-

: tiones, is found in a Brussels manuscript and

O curas (Sat. I, 1). Ex philosophi persona in several printed editions ; the second was

quitur, Petra pur de le nitle via lile fu extracted by an unknown editor from the tica. (sic. Trionfo della Morte 1,91). Rebus. scattered comments in Turnebus’ Adbversahumanis. Jnane ut illud, caelestium ina-

nes. ../...f[Expl.J: Rugam (VI, 59) pro im- a) The Annotationes.

plicam, quasi decuplex sit. Chrysippi. Pro- In the sixteenth-century manuscript at verbiale Chrysippeus acervus, pro re infinita. Brussels the work is entitled : Annotationes

Tiguri, die 6 Novembris, anno 1560. in A. Persii Satyras breves et luculentae per

Editions: Adrianum Turnebum. In the printed edi-

1578. See Composite Editions. tions Turnebus is not mentioned ; the text 1582. See Composite Editions. appears “cum doctissimi cuiusdam viri com-

Biography : mentariis numquam antehac in lucem edi-

Philippus Valentinus (Filippo Valentino tis”. In view of the reputation of Turnebus or Valentini) flourished toward the middle as a humanist of some stature, his contribu-

of the sixteenth century. He came of an tion to scholarship is in this case disapimportant family in Modena and early pointing. Certainly the term Annofationes showed great gifts. His friend Castelvetro is more fitting than that of Commentarit ; tells us that at the age of seven he was able one wonders whether the author himself

to compose letters, verse, and Ciceronian wished to remain anonymous. orations in Latin. Along with Castelvetro, Annotationes (ed. Paris, 1557). [Inc.] : Nec Valentinus fell into trouble over alleged fonte (Prol. 1), Hoc prooemio significat ma292

PERSIUS

gno labore se poetam esse factum, non ut fe- fol. 190v.].../...Satyram se scribere prorunt veteres repente poetam extitisse. Innuit fitetur, quae nihil eget advocatione Musaquoque se propter paupertatem versus scribe- rum, nec Apollinem e Parnasso sollicitat. re.../... Melos. 4 interdum apud Graecos na- Porro censeo legendum Cantare Pegaseitum turam habet duplicis, itaque prior syllaba pro- melos er edas (® a “ 14) Turn. Lib. 10, cap. 13.

ducitur, ut etiam apud Homerum. Legendum n satyram primam.

putat nectar Politianus, sed melius melos. Et natalitia (Sat. 1, 16) Olim die natali dona O curas (Sat. I, 1). Ut ex Fabio colligere missitari solebant ab amicis et notis. Ecce licet, Persii tempore effoeminata et lasciva modo heroas (Sat. I, 69) Vide. Turn. Lib.

erat compositio. Hac igitur satyra Persius i Ow nen f eerie, : wappadocas . vn

nata pronunciatione utebantur.../... ; a :

poetas reprehendit et rhetoress qui “ome est et venalitiarius qui mancipiorum greges [Ezpl.]: (Sat. VI, 80) Ait igitur, Chrysip- venalium habet. Vide Turn. lib. Advers.

pum, quamquam multa scripserit de dialec- AX, Sap. VII.

tica, attamen et syllogismo acervali et cae- on duni (L a Antoni

teris praeceptionibus tandem modum in- , Lugduni (Lyons): apud Antonium

. Baudrier VIII, 350; NUC. Bibliotheque

venisse, contra avaros nullum habere finem Gryphium. With Juvenal. Morgan 181;

pecuniae congerendae. St. Genevieve : (CtY ; MH) Pavisse catasta (Sat. VI, dictum 77) QuemadmoB ography : ? ? dum ergastulum locum in quo servi

operabantur, ita catasta loci dicebantur in See CTC, I, 150 and IT, 15.

quibus servi vendebantur. 40. THEODORUS PULMANNUS. Manuscript:

(micro.) Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, A short commentary on Persius was

Ms. II, 58, s. XVI, fols. 1-51v. Carelessly attached by Theodorus Pulmannus to his written in a cursive script. Not in Scarcia. Juvenal-Persius edition of 1565; the com-

Editions: mentary was revised and expanded from

(MH). was

1557, Parisiis (Paris): apud Thomam Ri- two pages to thirteen in the edition of 1566. chardum. Morgan 167. The BN lists the edi- For the introductory letter to the edition,

tion as 1555, the BM as 1556. BM; BN; see CTC I, 234.

(*) 1558, Parisiis (Paris) apud Thomam [Inc.]: New “onte labra, (Prot 1). Vide

eo Morgan 170. Bibliotheque Adriani Turnebi Advers. lib. x, cap. xiii. (*) 1564, Parisiis (Paris) : apud Thomam Cantare credas Pegaseium melos (Prol. 14).

Richar dum Morgan 177 Politianus, Miscell., cap. xliiiicap. necfar legen" : dum contendit. Scoppa, Collect. xxxiiii, b) The commentary extracted from Politiani sententiam repudiat, et melos ve-

the Adversaria. ram lectionem esse docet. Al. Cantare Pe-

Turnebus had devoted considerable atten- gaseium melos credas. tion to Persius in his Adversaria, the first Sat. I. O quantum est rebus inane (Sat. I, 1).

two volumes of which were published in Ne mihi Polydamas (Sat. I, 4). . . rupto teco- | Paris 1564-65. In 1567 an anonymous re exierit caprificus (Sat. I, 25)... neque editor extracted and revised many of the enim mihi cornea fibra est (Sat. I, 47)... ./...

comments from the Adversaria and published {[Expli.]: curto centusse licetur (Sat. V, 191)

them as a separate commentary. idest, centum assibus, Budaeus, De assibus [Znc.]: (ed. of Paris, 1567). Nec fonte la- lib. 1. Tui finitor acervi (Sat. V1, 80) Acervus,

bra (Prol. 1). Excusare se hic videtur cur Graece sorites, Gyrald. Annot. Dial. V.

hon poema aliquod heroicum sed satyram Edition:

ludat, quae in poematis huiusmodi ac ne 1565, Antverpiae (Antwerp): ex officina poematis quidem propemodum numeranda Christophori Plantini. Morgan 179; NUC. esse videatur [Compare Adversaria, X, 13 BM ; (MB). 293

LATIN AUTHORS

b) Edition of 1566. laboris rationem habeant. Bene vale. Datum {Inc.] : Nec fonte labra (Prol.1). Versus illi Sylvanecti, anno ab incarnato verbo 1567.

quos suis Satyris prooemii loco Persius Prooemium in Persium. [Inc.]: Mentis

praetexuit, verbosissimis et diffusissimis humanae tanta est vis atque facultas ut si explicati commentariis, non satis tamen illius acies circa ardua traheretur, coelorum mihi enucleati videntur. . ./... Cantare cre- ambitum facili negotio penetraret.../... das Pegaseium melos. Politianus Miscell. [Expl]: eamque ad sua perfecta principia cap. xliiii nectar legendum esse contendit. (quibus a suo opifice donata erat) reducere

Scoppa Collect. cap. xxxiiii legit cernas Pe- cupierit hunc libellum diligenter et exacte gaseium melos Politianique sententiam re- legat et ediscat. pudiat, et melos veram esse lectionem docet, There follow, in French, a Discours de quam etiam mavult Turnebus, lib. x, cap. Vexcellence de la poesie et premiére invention xiii. Junius Pegaseium melos credas. des Satyres and the Argument des six Satyres. O quantum est rebus inane (Sat. I, 1). Commentary. [Inc.] : Labra prolui(Prol. 1).

Junius inanis. Inanes a Latinis plerunque More pecudum quae dum bibunt integra intelliguntur homines jejunii animi, et labra totamque velut promuscidem aquis laudis ambitiosi et honoris cupidi.../... immergunt, aviditate potus incitatae.../... [Expl.]: curto centusse licetur (Sat. V, 191)... Pegaseium melos (Prol. 14)....melos au-

(as in the 1565 edition). tem idem est quod cantus, carmen, vel can-

Editions: tilena. Pegaseium ergo melos hic ponitur

1566, Antverpiae (Antwerp): ex officina pro concentu poetico. Pegasus enim unguChristophori Plantini. Morgan 180; NUC. la sua fontem in Helicone aperuit, qui mu-

BM ; (MB). sis dicatus fuit. 1585, Antverpiae (Antwerp): ex officina O curas (Sat. I, 1). Peculiare et proprium Christophori Plantini. Morgan 193; NUC. est Satyricis, initio suorum operum excan-

BM ; (MH). descere, et ex abrupto stomachari, utendo 1602. See Composite Editions. interrogatione aut exclamatione.../...

1603. See Composite Editions. [Expl]: Tui finitor acervi. Alludit ad sorites,

Biography: idest acervos Chrysippeos, quippe cum Chry-

See CTC I, 234-5. Add to Bibliography : sippus argumentaretur, in infinitum pene

Joecher VI, 1045-46. progrediebatur diffusus per multiplicationem numerorum, eius tamen argumentatio

41. GUILLELMUS DURANDUS concludebatur, et animus avarus (ut ait Seneca) numquam lucro satiatur.

A Latin-French edition of Persius pub- Brevis Epilogus sextae Satyrae Persit,

lished in Paris 1575 was accompanied by a fol. 18 (for 81)v. Ex hac Satyra concludeLatin commentary of Guillelmus Durandus ; mus esse certum modum in rebus tenendum

the dedication to the commentary is dated et certos fines quod ultra citraque non est

Senlis 1567. transgrediendum. Persius enim reprehendit

The volume opens with three short notices sordidam avarorum vitam.../... Itaque in French: 1. Letraducteur aux poetes fran- Lector, quisquis es, qui macula avaritiae cois. 2. Le traducteur au lecteur salut. 3. mentem tuam defoedasti, ex hac Satyra Le congé que donne |’auteur 4 son ceuvre. tanquam ex speculo labem, quam in te reDedication. (ed. of Paris, 1575) Reverendo peries, expurga et liberalitatis tramites re-

in Christo patri Domino Petro Chevalier sumito.

episcopo Sylvanectensi, Guillelmus Durandus Poem of Gobertus Durandus (fol. 82 un-

apud Sylvanectenses Consiliarius regius numb.). Gobertus Durandus, in summa S. P. D. [Inc.] : Mirabuntur forsan plerique, Parisiensi Curia patronus, patri lyricum car-

antistes dignissime, quod cum iudiciorum men dicat. laboribus publicisque muneribus omnino {Inc.}: Orpheus Ditis cytharoedus olim

aut magna ex parte essem occupatus.../... Astra Plutonis loca Dythrambis

[Bxzpl.]: dum in caetero nostri conaminis et we afee-

294

PERSIUS

[Expl.]: (Line 19)/Persicae interpres facilis Haec autem paucula Elias Vinetus anno-

Charibdis tabam in Persii Flacci Satyras, cum eas et Astra reviset. earum antiquum interpretem ex diversis

Edition: exemplaribus pro viribus emendarem Ber-

1575, Parisiis (Paris): ex typographia bezili in patria, et apud Engolimenses, quo Dionysii a Prato. Morgan 534; Adams P vere Burdigala secesseram, anno post Chris-

744; NUC. (MH). tum natum millesimo quingentesimo quin(*) 1586, Paris: Dupré. Cf. Morgan 534. quagesimo septimo.

Paris Bibl. Ste. Genevieve. Editions:

Biography : 1560-63, Pictavis (Poitiers): apud En-

Guillelmus Durandus (Guillaume Durand) guilbertum Marnefium. Morgan 175; NUC. was born c. 1525 and died in 1585. He wasa BN ; (MH).

poet of Paris and also served as councillor 1601. See Composite Editions. of the king in the présidial (a court of first 1613, Lutetiae : apud Claudium Morellum. instance for civil and criminal cases) of Sen- See Composite Editions.

lis. 1613, Lutetiae : apud Ioannem Orry. See Works: Enchiridion (a paraphrase, in Composite Editions. Alexandrine verse, of the Old Testament) ; Biography: Libellus de moribus in mensa_ servandis, Elias Vinetus (Elie Vinet) was born in

Ioanne Sulpicio Verulano authore cum fa- 1509 in Planches, of the commune of Mémiliarissima et rudi juventuti aptissima elu- dard-de-Barbezieux, and died at Bordeaux cidatione gallico-latina Guillelmi Durandt ; May 14, 1587. He came from a working-

commentary on Persius. class family and began his studies at BarBibl.: A. Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la bezieux. He continued at Angouléme, at the littérature francaise du seiziéme siécle 238, University of Poitiers, where he took his

9137-39 ; Dictionnaire des Lettres frangaises, Master’s degree, and finally at Paris, where

ed. G. Grente (xvi Siécle) 279. he studied Greek and mathematics. In

1539 he went to Bordeaux to become Regent

42. Evtas VINETUS. of the Collége de Guienne. For a short time,

beginning in 1547, he was in Portugal Elias Vinetus published some scattered among those engaged in founding the new

comments on Persius in his edition of the College at Coimbra. Vinet returned to

text and of ‘Cornutus’ in 1560-63 (For the Bordeaux in 1549, and from 1562 until his

‘Cornutus’, see above, p. 234). death he served as the Principal of the Annotationes. [Inc.]: Quod ait Cornutus, Collége de Guienne.

Persium decessisse anno aetatis tricesimo, Works: L’antiquité de Bordeaux et de Hieronymus in Eusebii Chronicis tradit mor- Bourg-sur Mer, and similar works on Angou-

tuum esse anno aetatis suae undetricesi- léme, Saintes, and Barbezieux ; editions or mo....Et Marcus Fabius Quintilianus li- commentaries of Ausonius, Cicero (Sombro decimo Institutionum oratoriarum, de nium Scipionis), Euclid, Eutropius, Florus, satyra loquens: Multum et verae gloriae, Persius, Pomponius Mela, Priscian, Sextus quamvis uno libro, Persius meruit. Victor, Sidonius Apollinaris, and Suetonius. In quartumdecimum versum Satyrae pri- He translated into French Ejinhard, Vita mae. Unicum fuit exemplar ex multis, Caroli Magni, and Proclus, Sphaera. quae inspeximus, quod hic melos haberet Bibl.: A. Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la pro nectar.../...[Exzpl.}: (VI, 51) Inter Littérature francaise du seiziéme siécle (1959) multa exemplaria vetusta quae excuSsimus 688-89, 21886-21920 (with full bibliography) ; evolvimusque, unicum fuit, quod hic ha- Dictionnaire des Lettres francaises, xvi Siécle beret haud audeo pro non audeo. Quidam (1951) 701 ; Nicéron 27 (1738) 222-30.

novorum commentatorum contendit recte A la mémoire du Saintongeais Elie Vinet, Scribi non audeo, pro quo Iodocus Badius ed. Gaston Chevrou (Bordeaux 1910) ; Cour-

legeret non ausim. teault, “E. Vinet”. Actes Acad. Bordeaux 295

LATIN AUTHORS

LXXI (1909) 339-69; Paul Gambier, defatigati vel tandem subsistant et conquies“E. Vinet, Saintongeais (1509-1587)” Pays cant. d’Quest, April, 1948, pp. 16-24 ; E. Labadie, Manuscript Bibliographie historique d’Elie Vinet (Bor- Cambridge, Mass. Harvard College Li-

deaux, 1909). brary, bound with the 1523 Paris edition (See Composite Editions). Shelf-mark *fOLC | 43. NICODEMUS FRISCHLINUS. P431. 523 (A) Editions:

Nicodemus Frischlinus published a para- 1582. See Composite Editions. phrase of the Satyrae in 1582 and dedicated (*) 1587, Frankofurti ad Moenum [Frank-

it to Ludwig Duke of Wirttemberg. ae : typis Ioannis Spiessii. Morgan 196. Dedication (edition of 1582). ilustrissi- (*) 1596, Frankofurti ad Moenum [Frankmo principi ac Domino D. Ludovico ducl a as > Wirtenbergensi et Deccensi Comiti Montis fort]: Toh. Spies. With Frischlin’s para-

_ phrase of Horace. Morgan 202. Vienna.

Belgarum etc. Domino suo clementissimo, (*) 1596, Frankoturti ad Moenum [FrankSalutem per Christum Nicodemus Frischli- fort]: Ioh. Spies. With Frischlin’s paranus. (there follow 78 lines of elegiac couplets) phrase of Horace. Morgan 211. University

[Inc.]: Quid mihi cum satyra dices, mi- of Budapest.

tissime princeps (*) 1609, Francofurti ad Moenum [Frank-

malos? BM. we ofees Biography :

Quae tantum est mores carpere nata fort] : Typis Nicolai Hoffmanni. Morgan 230.

[Expl]: Quodsi forte tuus mea calculus orsa Nicodemus Frischlinus (Nikodemus Frisch-

probarit, lin) was born the son of a pastor in ErHune Flaccum excipiet Flaccus in zingen in Wirttemberg on September

arte prior. 22, 1547; he died September 29, 1590 at

Paraphrase. [Inc.| : (Prologus) Credo ego Hohenurach. He began his schooling in vos lectores mirari, quid sit quod cum tot Balingen, Kénigsbronn, and Bebenhausen ; summorum poetarum libri et praeclarissi- in 1562 he matriculated at Tiibingen where morum vatum opera passim nunc extent, in 1568 he became Professor of Poetics and

ac multi hodie nobilissimi oratores atque History. After difficulties with his colpoetae sint, qui sua scripta et carmina in leagues at Tubingen, in 1582 he became

lucem proferunt, ego quoque ad scribendum head of the Landesschule in Laibach.jFrischveniam, qui neque cum superioribus _illis linus returned to Tiibingen in 1584 but after neque cum his qui nunc scriptitant ingenii new difficulties he soon became a wanderer gloria nec auctoritate sim comparandus.... again, to Prague, to Wittenberg, and Braun-

/...(Prol. 14) Neque vero credentur illi schweig. He was finally arrested at Mainz carmen tritum aut vulgare composuisse, and confined at Hohenurach; his death sed sublime et omnibus numeris absolu- resulted from an accident during an at-

tum, adeoque ab ipsis novem Musis, ad Pe- tempted escape. gasi fontem elaboratum. (Satyra I). O cogi- Works: Frischlinus was a prolific writer tationes hominum inanes. O curas de rebus (see the Catalogue of the BN for a listing). mortalium praeposteras et vanas; O spes His works include poems and Latin comevitae humanae depravatas..../...[Expl.]: dies, of which the best known is Julius Re(Satyra VI, 80) O Chrysippe, utinam nunc divivus ; writings on astronomy ; theological quoque viveres et avaris istis etiam modum polemics ; and editions, translations, and colligendi pecunias et finem aliquem cupi- commentaries on classical authors (Aristoditati statuendi monstrares, ne insatiabile phanes, Callimachus, Horace, Persius, Tryhoc lucri studium in immensum excresceret, phiodorus). et ut homines nostri in hoc divitiarum cer- Bibl.: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie tamine ad metam aliquam pervenirent, ubi VIII (1878) 96-104 (by Scherer); Religion 296

PERSIUS

in Geschichte und Gegenwart 3rd ed. II aliorum scripta lancinant, sed ex aequo pen(1958) 1154 (by G. Bebermeyer) ; Schotten- sitant, duos qui reliqui erant ex Latinis loher, Bibliographie zur deutschen Geschichte Satyricis, Juvenalem scilicet et Persium, im Zeitalter der Glaubenspaltung 1, 270-71 eodem stylo paraphrastice explanare decre6627-53 ; VII, 81 54644-5 and 52 53776. vi quod divino numine favente assecutus D. F. Strauss, Leben und Schriften des sum. Utrumque enim absolvi et ad umbiDichters und Philologen Nicodemus Frisch licum perduxi, propediem Juvenalem in lin (Fr ankfurt, 1896) ; P. Amelung Frisch- lucem editurus. Nunc autem Persium prelo lin in Wittenberg” Zettschri/t he OY toe 90, commissurus, hunc tibi, Marce Antoni, vir bergische Landesgeschichte 19 (1960) oe illustris idemque integerrime, dicare volui,

C 5UERUTUS. non modotuaeoinconsilio ut intelligas immortalia 44. FEDERICUS me beneficia e memoria effluere num-

araphrase of Persius in 1597 as a -

Federicus Cerutus published his explana- anamn vt me perpetu aan atemonean a companion piece to his earlier paraphrase noscas, sed etiam si qui erant qui has Satyof Horace published in 1585 and to the para- ras Persii censent potius Bees Se quo

phrase of Juvenal which he published partial- scriptae sunt metro quam soluta oratione,

ly in 1593 and in its complete form in 1599 a qua piu eracitione pous ne -

(see below p. 437). fellere meque ab eorum obiectis tutari deDedication (ed. Verona, 1597). Perillus- fendereque velis. Possum enim animo protri viro M. Antonio de Monte patritio Vero- spicere non defuturos qui me aut arrogantiae

nensi Federicus Cerutus S. P. D. [Jne.]: Si accusare volent, quod plus nimio mihi tridiligenter attendere velimus, quae causa buens hunc poetam obscurissimum ausus veteres illos, qui primi satyram invenerunt, sim explanare paraphrasi, aut quod illum impulit ut id poematis genus excogitarent, prope expolians suis vestibus meis illum dubio procul perspicuum nobis fiet nullum induere voluerim. Quibus ego facile resalium sibi ipsis finem prop OsuIsses qeam ut pondere possum fastidium nullum esse dehomines perverse contumacique Ingenio aN bere in legendo paraphrasim nostram, si meliorem frugem (si modo . d fier Posse ) nullum sit ipsis in legendis Persianis versi-

revocarent.... Viderunt enim uti medico- bus. Quid? Immo laudem aliquam mihi rum ars tota occupatur in purgandis cu- debere (quam tamen numquam aucupabor) randisque vulneribus et en nian aan qui obscuro poetae aliquid luminis afferre tationibus, ita rationem aliquam exes sonatus sum, Tu vale et me ut facis ama

tandam esse, qua veluti saluberrimum phar- ; .

macum hominum animos vitiis infectos si Ex aedibus oes Kal. So a ey

minus plene sanari at saltem illos cautius a Commentary. [Inc.] : (Prol. 1) Fateor oT prave factis aculeis interdum illos pungen- dem me non ex eorum numero esse on

interdumstuderent....Non festivo et lepido ~ subsanSean aihieee ature me a" ndo,vocare enim no fonte biprofite we efeee

lgnorare debemus ex his qui huiusmodi elegantes et concinni poetae ut credas omnes

scriptione utebantur...aliquos interdum corvos et omnes picas poetas et poetridas obscuriori stilo, translatis schematibus ae weut eT)videri © feridendas hominum curas! obscuris... obtecto usos esse at. 1, v4 ‘Uras

possint ex professo se legentibus pone 0 an et vier ezpl| 7 cut WI, 80) intelligi, quorum in numero si quis allus rebus stu vee/.. [Bap]: . VI, adscribendus sit, Persium anennaane Ser its © caer tationib an aos nen,

Cc ...«. Quamobrem cum iquo - vali > I hine annis TToratianas satyras paraphrasi tur progredi in infinitum, modum tamen aliillustrassem, videremque laborem meum quem et finem constituisti, terminandi quaesapprobari a viris candidis non paucis, hoc tus mei lucroque finem imponendi rationem est ab eis qui non invidia aut malevolentia mihi praescribe. 297

LATIN AUTHORS

Editions : rum iudicio examinare, in primis tuo. Qua-

1597, Veronae: apud Discipulum. Mor- re si libellus hic extremam manum desiderat

gan 203. BM; (MH). ne sit grave tibi quod deest addere. Vale. (*) 1599, Augustae Vindelicorum (Augs- Datum Burdigallae a partu deiparae virburg). Morgan 206. ginis anno 1599 pridie nonas Octobris.

Biography : Commentary. [Inc.] : Nec fonte labra prolui

Federicus Cerutus Veronensis (Federigo caballino (Prol. 1). Numquam bibi in fonte Ceruti da Verona) was born 1541 in Verona caballino. Fons caballinus est in Helicone and died there in 1611. At an early age he monte Boetiae, qui est musis sacer. Caballi-

went with Bishop Giano Fregoso to France nus dicitur a Pegaso equo alato.../... where he engaged both in study and in the Melos (Prol. 14)....Politianus Miscell. practice of arms. After some time in Rome, Cap. 44 nectar legendum asserit ; melos vehe returned to Verona where he opened a ram esse lectionem docet Turnebus cap. 13,

school, the Accademia dei Moderati. Ceru- lib. 10. tus was a collector of ancient manuscripts, In Satyram primam. and he corresponded with many of the im- Min tu istud ais (Sat. 1, 2) Respondet portant scholars of his time such as Isaac auditor min (comice pro mihinc). Quare?

Casaubon and Joseph Scaliger. — Ait auditor turpe et miserabile id arbitraris,

Works : Commentaries on Cicero and on nos odio habemus censores tetricos et delecVirgil ; commentaries and paraphrases of tamur laetis. . ./. . .[_Expl.]: Inventus, ChryHorace, Juvenal, and Persius ; Dialogi duo, sippe, tui finitor acervi. (Sat. VI, 80) De

quorum alter de comoedia, alter de recta syllogismo dicitur qui Sorites vocatur. adulescentulorum institutione inscribitur. Chrysippe Stoice, docuisti propositiones huBibl. : Cosenza II 966; Joecher I (1750) ius syllogismi, quem per adiectionem et de1815 ; L. Ferrari, Onomasticon 203 ; Scipione tractionem ex acervi frumentarii similituMaffei, Verona Ililustrata (Verona, 1825) dine ostendit poeta.

Part II 400-02; G. W. Robinson, Autodio- Letter to Reader. Lectori Salutem, Ber-

graphy of Joseph Scaliger (Cambridge, 1927) nardus Autumnus. [Inc.]: Haec (amicissime

54; J. P. Tomasini, Elogia (Patavii, 1644) lector) non quod ait Plato sunt iuvenis et

177-78. probi Socratis lusus, sed seriae eruditissimorum virorum in Persii Satyras observationes

45. BERNARDUS AUTUMNUS. quibus mea etiam coniectanea inieci; au-

. thorum linguae Latinae interpretationes in

Bernardus Autumnus published two com- vocabula recondita annexae sunt.... Ita mentaries on Persius. The first, which ap- hic libellus fulcitur sententiis et opinionibus peared in 1599, was titled Notae ; the second, gravissimorum virorum, ne ab invidis ever-

published in 1607, included comments of tatur. Si quid inveniatur in his notis quod others and was titled Commentationes, aeque omnibus non arrideat, consolabitur,

Observationes, et Paralipomena. ut me, quod scribit aereus Dionysius : quid a) The Notae of 1599 elegantius sive quid incoeptes sive quid abDedication. Nobilissimo V. D. D. Mi- solvas quam quod credibile narrationis iuchaeli Cambefortio J. V. D. Bernhardus Au- cae ines nos allicit. Vale.

. [Ine]: itton «

cat nol an illepidum novum libellum 1599, Aginni (Agen): Excudebat A. PoArida modo pumice expolitum? oie Typographus. Morgan 208; NUC. (Michael?) tibi. Namque tu solebas (MH). Meas esse aliquid putare nugas. b) The Commentationes, Observationes

Nunc etiam hasce notas amico animo exci- et Paralipomena of 1607.

pies; non poenitebit exiguo operi magnam Letter to the Reader (ed. of Paris, 1607). aurem praebere. Est mihi moris quod da- Lectori Salutem Bernardus Autumnus, turus sum in manus hominum ante amico- [Inc.]: Haec (amicissime lector) non sunt 298

PERSIUS

ludicra puerorum commenta sed seriae erudi- [Expl.}]: Quingue ratiocinationes inclusae

tissimorum virorum in Persii Satyras obser- sunt, dum gradatim multa adduntur, si vationes, quibus mea etiam coniectanea singula considerentur, universa frangentur.

inieci....[Expl.]: Sic ex multis multa Si quid inveneris in his commentationi-

decerpsi, ea potissimum quae huic tenebri- bus, candide lector, quod minus arrideat, coso poetae lucem dare possent. Si quid consolabitur me quod scribit Aereus Dio-

tamen in his inveneris (candide lector) quod nysius, quid elegantius, sive quid incoeptes, minus arrideat, consolabitur me quod scri- sive quid absolvas, quam quod credibile narbit Varro, neque in bona segete nullum est rationis iucunditate nos allicit, in quo omine spicum nequam, neque in mala non aliquod erit.

bonum. Vale. After an Index verborum, there follows with There follow: 1. poems in praise of Au- separate pagination, a series of critical com-

tumnus: a Latin couplet by F. H.; a six- ments by Autumnus on the interpretations line Greek poem by Petrus Mauriacus ; and of Persius offered by Casaubon (see below

a French sonnet also by Mauriacus. 2. p. 307).

Arguments of the Satyrae; 3. Persii Vita Notae Bernardi Autumni Nitiobrigis, qui-

per Annaeum Cornutum. bus loca obscuriora Persii, non satis explorata

Dedication. Amplissimo nobilissimoque a Casaubono, illustrantur. [Inc.]: Nec fonte viro Nicolao Brularto domino Silleriensi, ... prodirem (Prol. 1-3). Non negat praecise, vicecomiti Puisiensi, summo Galliarum pro- inquit Casaubonus, modico se haustu fontis cancellario, et quaestori sacri palatii, Ber- sacri Musarum fuisse poetam, sed irridet nardus Autumnus D. D. D. [Jnc.] : Thiman- eos, qui videri volebant totum illum ex-

tus pictor quondam excellentissimus in hausisse. Casaubonus. tabulis plus intelligebat quam pingeretur, Haec interpretatio non solum coacta et

nobilissime doctissimeque Domine; etenim acuta est, sed a mente Persii prorsus alie-

in magnis aedibus vasa aurea et argentea na.../...[Eapl.}: Inventus, Chrysippe, tui in propatulo non sunt.../...[Exapl.]: qui finitor acervi (VI, 80).... Persius tamen

sublimiora et difficiliora negotia huius regni contrarium asserit, nam alloquens Chrysipcensoria nota perlustras, et post habita seria pum vocat illum finitorem acervi, ut appaludo, pondera historica et poetica schemma- ret ex verbis Persii,

ta acumine ingenii penetrare soles. Vale Inventus, Chrysippe, tui finitor acervi. quarto Calendas Aprilis a partu deiparae (Sat. VI, 80).

virginis anno MDC VII. Edition:

Commentary. [Inc.] : Nec fonte labra prolut 1607, Parisiis (Paris): apud Robertum caballino (Prol. 1). Numquam bibi in Fouet. Morgan 223 ; NUC. BM; BN; (MH). fonte caballino. Fons Hypocrene, sive ca- Biography: ballinus, est in Helicone monte Boeotiae, Bernardus Autumnus (Bernard Automne) qui est Musis sacer, ut ait Strabo lib. VIII. was born at Agen about 1574 and died at De quo Propertius Elegia 2, Lib. 3. Langon in 1666. He was a jurist and served Unde pater sitiens Ennius ante bibit. . ./ as avocai in the Parlement of Bordeaux.

...[Expl.]: probat melos primam produ- Works: Legal writings such as the Cen-

cere, cui adstipulor fretus authoritate En- sura gallica in jus civile Romanorum and

nii, lib. 13 Ann. Commentaire sur les coustumes générelles de Matronae melos complent, spectare fa- la Ville de Bourdeaus et pays bordelais ;

ventes. commentaries on Juvenal and Persius ; posIn satyram I. [Ine.]: O curas hominum sibly Méditations historiques sur la mort de

(Sat. I, 1) Imitatus Lucretium. lib. II. Jésus-Christ (lost). O miseras hominum mentes, o pectora Bibl.: Jules Andrieu, Bibliographie gé-

caeca. (II, 14). nérale de l’Agennais, 3 vols. (Paris, 1886-

Quis legef haec (I, 2). Hune versum ex 91) I 32-34; A. Cioranesco, Bibliographie Lucilii primo transtulit..../... Inventus de la littérature francaise du seiziéme siécle Chrysippe tui finifor acervi (VI, 80).... (1959) 346, 9970 and 375, 11733; Diction-

299

LATIN AUTHORS

naire de Biographie francaise IV (1941-48) idest mala, lingua contenta sunt.../... 744 (by M. Prevost) ; Joecher I (1784) 1289. Pegaseium melos(Prol. 14)...Sic Latini aliquando scribunt, repperit, reggero, ref46. FRANCISCUS SANCTIUS BROCENSIS fero, rettuli, tellatum, relligio, sic hic scribe

melos duplici I, non nectar ut disputat The commentary of Sanctius was pub- Politianus. lished in 1599; it includes both a para- O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Non hoc est phrase of the Satyrae and also Annotationes. principium Satyrae, sed apertius indicat quod

In his dedication Sanctius tells us that he proposuerat. o particula (ut somniant gram-

wrote it at the age of 77. matici) tribus casibus iungitur.../...

Dedication (ed. of Salamanca, 1599). M. [Expl.]: (V1, 60) Propterea Persius ChryFranc. Sanctius Brocensis Domino lIoanni sippum inclamat, ut statuat finem quaerende Salas et Valdes S. P. D. [Jnc.]: Quanti di divitiarum, quandoquidem ipse suos Sorite faciam, Salas clarissime, quantumque tibi tas solus novit explicare.

sim obaeratus, cuivis facile perspicuum Edition:

erit, si modo pensitet me hominem annos 1599, Salmanticae (Salamanca) : Apud Diseptem et septuaginta natum cogi posse, dacum a Cussio. Morgan 198; Palau y Dulut denuo repuerascerem, et ad ea quae iu- cet, Manual XIII, 162 223857 ; NUC. (CtY). venem (sic) aetatem magis deceant, per- (*) 1613, Salamanca. Morgan 240 (cited tractanda descendere. Sed quid non a me from Ebert 16280b). impetret tua singularis humanitas, egregia (*) 1766, Geneva, in the Opera omnia of virtus, assiduus in literis labor, cum egregii Sanctius, Vol. II 269-328. Morgan 359. BM. generis claritate ita connexus, ut uterque ab Doubtful Edition:

utroque nequeat separari..../...[Expl.]: 1591, Salamanca. Morgan 198 (cited from Noli obsecro, mi Ioannes, laborem appel- Ebert 16280b). lare, qui tui gratia suscipitur. Nam ego inter Biography : beneficia connumero, si libenti animo quod Franciscus Sanctius Brocensis (Francisco libens offero suscepisti. Sic enim tuus ad- Sanchez el Brocense) was born at Las Bromonet Seneca: Beneficium dando accipit, zas in Spain in 1523; he died at Salamanca

qui digna dedit. Vale. in 1601. He took the cognomen Srocensis There follows a Vita Persii, and the text in order to distinguish himself from another

of the Satyrae. Francisco Sanchez who also taught at Title: M. Franc. Sanctii Brocensis in sex Salamanca. He received his Bachelor’s Satyras Persii Ecphrases et Scholia. degree at Valladolid in 1551, and three years

Ecphrasis, [Inc.]: (Prol. 1) Ego, qui ne- later he was appointed to the chair of Greek que poeta sum nec poetae filius (non enim at Salamanca. labias in Pegaseo fonte prolui, nec in Par- Works: De arte dicendi; Minerva; edi-

nasso bicipiti somniavi).../...(Prol. 14) tions of Alciatus (Emblemata), Horace,

sed et corvi poetae et picae poetriae Pega- Ovid, Persius, Politianus (Silvae), Pomposeium melos resonabunt. Sed quid in his nius Mela; a commentary on Garcilaso de translationibus demoror, cur non palam in la Vega.

mores nostros despuo? Bibl.: Joecher IV (1751) 103; Michaud

(Satyra I, 1) O curas nostrorum homi- 37 (1873) 610-613. num. Itane omnes in verbis sunt occupati, Aubrey F. G. Bell, Francisco Sanchez el ut rerum et sententiarum sint inanes.../... Brocense (London, 1925); G. Garcia, Con[Expl.]: (VI, 60) depinge mihi o Chrysippe tribucién a la historia de los conceptos gram(tu qui Soritis implicitis terminum statuere maticales (Madrid, 1950); P. U. Gonzalez invenisti) quo loco in divitiis accumulandis de la Calle, Ensayo biografico ; vida profesion-

sistere debeamus. al y academica de Francisco Sanchez de las Scholia. [Inc.]: Nec fonte labra (Prol. 1). Brozas (Madrid, 1922) ; Procesos inquisitoriaSatyris nemo unquam prooemium praemisit. les contra Francisco Sanchez de las Brozas

Satyrae enim curione non egent sed sua, (Madrid, 1941). 300

PERSIUS

47. THEODORUS MARCILIUS. ad Alexandram suam Lycophronis, et vero quia res proletaria est, etiam irascitur inTheodorus Marcilius published his com- scientibus.

mentary on Persius in 1601. A Vatican Ad Satyram I. Satyrico suo sale prefrimanuscript contains some additional com- caturus corruptos Quiritium mores, quasi

ments, dated 1605. dy’ éotiac sive a lare ipso, a suis confoa) The edition of 1601. raneis, sive eiusdem Musae aemulis poetis Dedication. (ed. of Paris, 1601). IIlus- nempe orditur. vt O cur as hominum (I, 1) trissimo D. D. Reginaldo Belnaeo Patriar- Imitatus Lucretium ex principio lib. II.

chae et Archiepiscopo Biturigum, Primati (II, 14).

Aquitaniae, magno Franciae Eleemosyna- O miseras hominum mentes, 0 pectora rio, designato Senonensium Archiepiscopo, caeca,.../...[Expl.]: Finitor (VI, 80). . sacri consistorii Consiliario. [Inc.] : Palliatus .. Tile fons, hic pertenuis rivulus, ut et quidam flori principum delibato Augusto noster, quem in acceptis huic referimus uni,

ei mhéov selyov, mdéov éeldovy in- ut et alios suum velle et par et credibile est. quit, Si maior copia mihi, liberalitas maior Paucula insuper oblivia et tanquam fugtesset.../...[Eazpl.]: Haec in meam Persii tiva sic retraho. [Inc.] : p. iii linea penultima. donationem paucula praefatus tibi, Praesul Post recepit addo. Coronati et Caesare ipso, et Primas illustrissime, Deum Opt. Maxi- ut Papinii Silva III, lib. iv.../...fEazpl.]: mum veneror ut ecclesiae, regi regnoque, aca- non tantum illa quam Suetonius notat cap. demiae et Musarum militiae, florentem ser- Ixxiii ut procerior videretur, quae tamen et vet, quam faventiam prope est cum plenius Indis quoque visio apud Arrianum Indicis,

exequar regiam eloquentiae professionem et Persis apud Xenophontem iix Paediae. ordiens, cuius iam nunc specimen exstaret, Editions:

ni curae intervenissent. Vale praesulum de- 1601. See Composite Editions.

cus Lutetiae a.d. X Calend. Junii M DCI. 1613. See Composite Editions. In this Amplissimae tuae dignitati nexu et man- edition, Marcilius introduces a small amount

cipio, Theodorus Marcilius. of new material. After the Letter to the To the Reader. Lectorem meum saluto Reader, he adds: Haec in litteras cum ego

Theodorus Marcilius. [Znc.] : Etiam te lector sic misissem, salutis anno 1601, post quade meis ad Persium curis monitum cupio, driennio extitere, qui credo ut a me gratiam

magnam illas mihi partem quasi sub manu inirent et declararent veriverbium illud natas, et pro penso librarii operarum per- Galeni de lyrae alia super aliam intensione, scriptas. Explicatae mihi iam olim praelec- sibi non displicere. ../...A nomine itaque

tionibus illae quotidianis, sed adolescentulo, ipso A. Persii, tanquam dg’ éotiac

et in his tenebris dugagpdwyrte. Nunc itaque ordiamur (about a page of comment)... pauculis diebus, et per hos ipsos vix horis [Ezpl.]: Sed iam piget in refellendis eiuscesubcesivis labor hic interpretationis sub- modi nugis, quae nihil aliud quam nebulae

eundus mihi, qui non _ facilimus.../.., pictae in pariete, immorari. Quale com-

[Expl.]: Equitem mihi plaudere satis est. mentum illud quoque Satiras aut Saturas, inter hos tu lector ddéxacte. ddexdotove non autem Satyras recte scribi. Quid ita? dé inquit Philostratus xad@ tovds prjte Quia, inquiunt, a Satyris non Satyra sed

edyoucg pnte dvavovc. Vale feliciter. Satyrica diceretur analoge. Immo enim

Commentary. [Inc.]: Glossae veteres, sive aloge. Sed meo quidem stilo iam operae is Cornutus est, iunxere prologium hoc non est tali campo decurrere aperto. Satyrae primae, at non esse partem Satyrae Editions: vel caecus perspexerit.... Nec fonte (Prol. 1601. See Composite Editions. 1). Hesiodum hic notari ait quiqui est vetus 1613, Lutetiae: apud Claudium Morelille interpres. At Hesiodus nihil usquam de lum. See Composite Editions. tali potione. ... Pegaseium melos (Prol. 14) 1613, Lutetiae: apud Ioannem Orry. See ....saepe hoc Isacius literator inculcavit Composite Editions. 301

LATIN AUTHORS

b) The Vatican manuscript. 48, JOHANNES TORNORUPAEUS. Vatican, ms. Reg. lat. 1437. (fol. 113)

[Inc.]: Annotata grammatica data a do- Johannes Tornorupaeus published his mino (Theodoro) Marcilio in quintam Auli Notae on Persius in 1601. He had suffered Persii satyram in primo Sexoneorum (Sois- from a fever during the printing, and he sons) ordine, anno a Virgineo partu mille- added at the end some further comments

simo sexcentisimo et quinto. Vatibus hic omitted because of the illness. We also mos est. Aliud poeta est, aliud vates. Va- possess some scattered comments in a Caen tes proprie sunt fatidici sive qui fundunt manuscript ; it is not clear how they are to oracula, poetae vero qui carmina faciunt (?) be related to the printed commentary, and sive quemadmodum Sidonius Apollinaris they will be treated separately after the edi-

loquitur. . ./. . .[Ezpl.]: (fol. 129) rubrum- tion.

que catinum (Sat. V;, 182). .. catinus pau- a) The Edition of 1601.

perum vel (?) aurum divitum, testis Hora- Dedication (ed. of Paris, 1601). Illustristius, Satyr. 6, lib. 1; Juvenal Saty. 6; Per- simo D. D. Grolartio Senatus Rothomagensis

sius Satyr. 3. Principi, Sanctioris consessus regis ChristiaFinis annotationum huius Persii nissimi Consiliario, Baroni Moniullaeo, Tor-

Satyrae. ciaco etc. Ioannes Tornorupaeus. [Jnc.]: En

Manuscript : partus ingenii e tuo Lexoveo, si mavis Tor(micro.) Vatican, Reg. lat. 1437, cart., claco, quem parens alter excipias sinu et

s. XVII, fols. 113-129. (Kristeller, Zter II, tollas in spem melioris vitae, petit supplici408 ; Montfaucon, Bibliotheca Bibliotheca- ter ac demisse nexu et mancipio tuus.../...

rum Vol. I, no. 1812 p. 52; Scarcia 509). [Expl.]: Hic contineo stylum,

Biography : ne in publica commoda peccem

Theodorus Marcilius (Theodore Marcile) Si longo sermone morer tua tempora. was born 1548 in Arnhem and died April Vale anno M DCI. X Kal. Julii.

8, 1617 in Paris. He began his study of To the Reader. Lectori bene precatur IoLatin with his father and continued in De- annes Tornorupaeus. [/nc.]: Quia Persius venter under Johannes Noviomagus; he cascos Romanorum mores adumbrans, verba was an infant prodigy and at 12 had great notae rarioris insistens, multarum artium et facility both in Greek and in Latin. Later maxime praecepta philosophiae in suo satyhe studied philosophy and jurisprudence at rico quasi in planitie agrorum spargens inLouvain and at Paris. He taught at Tou- sectatur. ../...[Exzpl.]: Ne te morer plurilouse and after 1578 at Paris. In 1602 he bus, Lector, probabis in notulis Persianis became Royal Professor of Latin and of consilium, hisque passerculis et columbulis Literature, a position which he held until dabis pennam et volatum inter aquilas tuas,

his death. si et sibi, et tibi placeant ; si tantum sibi,

Works : Marcilius was a prolific writer (see continendos cavea et nido curavissem. Vale the list of his publications in Joecher-Roter- bene ac beate. mund [II (1810) 670 f.) He commented on Commentary. [Inc.|]: Quod Persius in hoc Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius; Aulus Gel- scazonte voluerit, erudite Turnebus, pater lius ; Horace ; Lucan ; Martial (partly under eruditionum idemque arbiter omnium lethe name of Claudius Musambertius) ; Jus- porum, explicat cap. 13, lib. 10 Adversario-

tinian ; Persius; and on the Laws of the rum, cui Turnebicae interpretationi assenTwelve Tables. He translated into Latin the sum est. Aurea Pythagoreorum Carmina and Liba- Nec fonte (Prol. 1). Hune locum in animo

nius, Calendarum Expressio. et cogitatione videbatur habuisse SidoBibl. : Allgemeine deutsche Biographie XX nius.... Quod si (Prol. 12).... Mart. epig. (1884) 303, by Eyssenhardt ; Joecher-Roter- 9, lib. 12 ad Priscum.

(1734) 125-31. mur

mund III (VII) 669-70; Nicéron XXVIII Tu facis ingenium, tu, si quid posse vide302

PERSIUS

Tu das ingenuae munera pigritiae. benedictionem (?) sibi vendicant.. ./... O curas hominum (I, 1). Persius reprehen- (112v (135v) [Ezpl.]: illegible.

surus eos, qui scribenda oratione soluta vel Fol. 113 (136). Argumentum Satyrae priscribendo carmine famam ingenii stulte mae. [Jnc.]: In satyra priori trisfacit. . . (2) ambiunt, per indignationem auspicatur. . ./ primum rationem scribendae satyrae pro... Chrysippe (VI, 60)... .[Expl.]: Sorites ponit et inducit. . . (?) pro se Pompeium (7) hos vocant, qui acervum efficitunt uno addito qui (deleted?) monitorem qui dissuadet sa-

grano, vitiosum sane et captiosum genus. tyram scribere. . ./.. [Expl.]: satyrae audi-

Glossae veteres owoitne cavillatio. tores ludicumque (iudicium ?) depromit Secundae curae. Cum notulas in Persium suum de satyrica scripsione.

. O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1) Persius si-

excudi curarem, aestus accedens et recedens nus (2) versuum mutuatur ex Lucretio. tertianae febris male me habuit, unde plera- Sic Lucretius O miseras hominum mentes que memoria exciderint, quae nunc ita re- (II, 14). Sed principium satyrae. . ./... fol. voco. [Inc.] : Nec fonte (Prol. 1) Quod Persius 143v (166v) Last lemma: Jus habet ille sui de seipso, idem propemodum Sidonius Apol- (Sat. V, 176). Gloss ends: gravissimam ser-

linaris epist. 16, lib. 8 scribit: Non hic ego vitutis fugam. Finis. commentitiam Terpsichorem. ../...[Expl.]: f. 143v-144yv. Irregular notes.

Terrae filius (VI, 59)....Nobiles cense- f. 145-147. Flacci Persii satyra sexta.

bantur illi soli quorum maiores magistratum This is a text only, with scanty glosses.

ceperant, quique ius habebant imaginis po- f. 148 Annotata in Satyram sextam. nendae. Novi, quorum maiores vitam pri- [Inc.]: Argumentum. Hoc poema satyricum vatam vixerant, et quibus imagines nullae. non minus salsum. . . ad tempora Vespasiani.

Editions : Veterum primordia vocum (Sat. VI, 3)

1601. See Composite Editions. Omnes propemodum interpretes Persii con-

1613, Lutetiae : apud Claudium Morellum. spirant....f. 148v Last lemma Hic ego

See Composite Editions. securus vulgi (Sat. VI, 12)... .[Eapl.]: scri1613, Lutetiae: apud Ioannem Orry. See bit Cicero in oratione pro Murena. With this

Composite Editions. the commentary on Persius breaks off; Doubtful edition: evidently some folios were lost in the manu-

s.a. With the commentary of Tornoru- script. F. 149 is fragmentary in the beginpaeus on Persius. See Dictionnaire des ning and contains epigrams of Martial with lettres francaises, X VII¢ Siécle, ed. G. Gren- scanty glosses.

te (Paris, 1954) p. 984. Manuscript : Caen, Bibliothéque de la Ville, Ms. 532 b) The Caen manuscript. (313), s. XVI, cart., fols. 218 ff. 110 (133)-154 Ms. 532 f. 110 (133) Annotationes in sex- (177). (Catalogue Général, Départements

tas (sic) Auli Persii satyras. XIV, 352 ; Scarcia 66). Introduction. [Inc.]: De poetis satyricis Biography :

Latinis. Johannes Tornorupaeus (Jean de TourneQuatuor Latini scriptores satyrici, Lu- roche) was born at Caen toward the middle

cilius, Horatius, Persius, Juvenalis. Lu- of the sixteenth century and died at Paris

cilius circiter sexagesimum annum (?) ab in 1620. He taught Rhetoric at the Collége urbe condita scripsit satyras cum mores cor- d’Harcourt and served as Rector of the

ruptos suorum posset non pati..../... University of Paris. In 1609 he returned to

[Expl.]: Nil sum dicturus de scripsione (7?) Caen to serve aS Royal Professor of Elosatyrica Persii et Juvenalis quia quisque cu- quence. After difficulties with a colleague

iusvis vires personabit (7?) satis. he resumed his position at the Collége d’HarCommentary. [Inc.]: Nec fonte labra (Prol. court and was later elected its Rector.

1). Hic prologus iambicus habet indignatio- Works: Tornorupaeus wrote on ancient

nem satyricam. Notat enim et designat architecture (Traité sur le Bidental, Des plurimos qui vana ostentatione poeticam Jeux Olympiques et du cirque chez les Ro-

303

LATIN AUTHORS

mains). In addition to the commentary of There follow the Vita Persii, and the Persius, he is said also to have commented argumenta.

on Juvenal. Commentarius. [Inc.] : (Prologus) Cum om-

Bibl. : F. Boisard, Notices sur les Hommes nibus satyricis usitato more receptum sit, du Calvados (Rouen, 1706) ; Dictionnatr e conciso, tecto, allegorico sermonis genere des Lettres Frangaises, X VII* Siécle, ed. G. uti, tamen caeteris omnibus A. Persius Grente (Paris, 1954) 984; F. Frere, Manuel obscurior est... . Nec Fonte labra (Prol. 1). du Bibliographe Normand (Rouen, 1858), Quod est, nec poetam me esse fateor, nec

49, EILHARDUS LUBINUS. carmen aliquod heroicum et sublime scrip-

turus prodeo, quippe qui nec aquam AgaEilhardus Lubinus was long and actively nippes biberim nec in bicipiti Parnasso dor-

engaged in the interpretation of Persius. miendo in somniis coelesti aliquo numinis

He apparently published a commentary adflatu correptus sim.../...Cantare Pealone in 1593 and republished it with a gaseium melos credas...Nam quod Poliparaphrase in 1595 ; he edited the text in tianus lib. 12 Epist. scribit, pro melos se

1998 ; and he published a second paraphrase reperisse nectar, et Turnebus se superscripin 1602 and a second commentary in 1603. tum fatetur reperisse, sed non dubitare quin

a) The commentary and paraphrase qui superscripserat illud de suo addiderit, eo

of 1595. quod d&xvgov videtur cantare nectar, aeque

Poem by Lubinus to the dedicatee. In ac cantare ambrosiam. Sed satius est, ne de

Symbolum Divi Augusti omsiéde Boadéwe syllabis rixemur, laborare versum quam sen-

Festina lente, ex Eilhardi Hesychii nomine sum.

depromptum. Satyra prima. [Inc.]: In hac prima Satyra

E. L. reprehendit Persius poetas et rhetores Robus ortum vel auditores. . ./. . .{Exzpl.]: Inventus ChryVel satis unius nominis indicium est sippus tui finitor acervi (Sat. VI, 80).... ry Parr Dum cadit elusus ratione ruentis acervi.

[Inc.] : Hesychidum genus e priscis sapienti- manos, et cum utrisque eorum vel lectores

[Expl.]: (line 7) Felix NON FACTO, qui Excogitaverat Chrysippus. Dixerat enim numquam, EILHARDE, dolebis quiescendum esse, quod Persius dicit sistere.

Nec FACTO HESYCHIUM quem The Paraphrasis was published in the

Metanea coquet. same volume, but with a separate titlepage

Dedication. Spectatae pietatis, humani- and pagination. tatis, et eruditionis iuveni, domino Eilhar- Dedication. Summae spei, eximiae indolis do Hesychio Patritio Bremensi Primario, et doctrinae adolescentibus, Udalrico et discipulo meo carissimo ed Civ xal ed Davidi Chytraeis, fratribus germanis, lecmodttew. [Inc]: Scitum illud Diogenis tissimis politissimis Davidis Chytraei Ss. Cynici, Eilharde suavissime, qui cum ali- Theologiae D. et Professoris. . . filiis carisi-

quando adiret statuas, et ab iis aliquid mis, salutem. [Jnc.]: Quicunque, fratres

peteret.... Ab aliis adiutum me palam fa- politissimi, hac tempestate in clarissimorum teor parum omnino. Commentaria, quae auctorum oratorum et poetarum monumenalias in eum plurima, certis de causis non tis vel explicandis vel restituendis praecla-

adhibui. Frischlini paraphrasin obiter tan- ram operam collocarunt.../...[Ezpl.}: et

tum inspexi, et quibus in locis ab eo dissen- expectationi de vobis abunde satisfeceritis.

tiam, in commentariis plenius videre est. .. . Valete etiam atque etiam. Argentinae. [Expl]: Tu aeternum salve, et vale, Hesy- Anno 1594. V. studiosissimus, M. Eilhardus

chidum familiae flos atque medulla, et Lubinus.

quod facis me amare perge, qui te numquam There follow several short poems, of Jo-

non. Lipsiae, anno 1593. Tuus hannes Jacobus Breitinger and of Jacobus M. Eilhardus Lubinus Her. Alsveldius to Lubinus, and of Lubinus

Oldenburgensis. to the reader.

304

PERSIUS

Paraphrasis. [Inc.]: Itane vero ego solus intellecta hactenus, ex parte displicere coeinglorius atque ignobilis aetatem egero, et pit. Quibus causis motus illum bis in hac desidia atque ignavia bonum otium contri- Academia publice praelegi et novo pleniore vero. ../... Pegaseium melos cantare (Prol. commentario, nova etiam contractiore ec14) et vividum et excultum carmen ad ip- phrasi illustrare aggressus sum. Quo meo sam Hippocrenem, et Pegasi fontem in labore quid praestiterim, penes viros doctos monte Helicone, ab ipsis novem Musis et iudicium = esto.../...[Exzpl.]: et iuvenis Apolline elaboratum et omnibus numeris ab- candidissimi doctissimique eruditi et as vEQ-

solutum fundere credas et depromere. dotov Ulrici Boticheri, praeceptoris vestri, In Satyram I paraphrasis. [Inc.}: O in- vobis in parte erit. In quo voto et omine credibilem et inauditam hominum demen- epistolam claudo. Valete et haec tuimini. tiam. O vanas hominum curas et conten- V. N. observantissimus studiosissimus Eil-

tiones. O studia mortalia inutilia pariter hardus Lubinus. —

et ridicula, O pectora, O capita, corde pariter _Ecphrasis. [Inc.]: O insignem impudenet cerebro vacual.../...[Expl.]: quis finis tiam! Ego Persius poeta non sum, et tamen cupiditati statuendus et ubi (VI, 80) vel in _—- Versus volo scribere. Unde enim mihi facul-

quo divitiarum loco inventus demum sis- tas poetica? Ego enim ut Latinus poeta

fam, pedem figam et quiescam. Ennius numquam in Parnasso monte somArgentinae 16 Cal. Viibriis, anno 1594. niavi. . ./.. [Expl]: ut etiam bruta ant:

Editions : malia, et aves, corvi, picae, psittaci perfecti

(*) 1593, Franeker. Lubinus apparently poetae evaderent, et carmen dulcissimum refers to such an edition in his letter to tanquam ab Apolline et Musis ad Pegasi the reader printed with the commentary of fontem elaboratum et absolutum cantarent. 1603 ; see below p. 306. We have so far been Ecphrasis Satyrae primae. [Inc.]: O vana

unable to locate a copy. studia, curas, et contentiones mortalium ! 1595, Amstelredami (Amsterdam): Apud O quanta vanitas, stultitia, et caecitas est Zachariam Heyns Bibliopolam. Morgan 201. in rebus humanis!.../...[Expl.]: Hisce

Bib. St. Geneviéve ; (MH). avaris terminum praefigere non posset, in 1602. See Composite Editions. quo subsisterent, et divitiarum quaerenda1603, Lugduni. See Composite Editions. rum finem imponerent. Manuscript:

b) The paraphrase of 1602. (*) Macerata, Biblioteca Comunale, Ms. Dedication: Virtute, doctrina, genere no- 5, 3 B 18., cart., XVIII, 194 fols. In Auli bilissimis _fratribus, dominis Sigfrido et Persii. . . saturas paraphrasis. . . Eilhardi loanni Pogwisch, equitibus Holsatis, do- = Tubini, Amstelredami. . . MDXIV (sic). minis et amicis meis certissimis, candidissi- Copied from a printed edition. (Mazzatinti,

mis Salutem. [Inc.]: Quod Graecus dixit, Inventari [Turin, 1887] p. 134, no. 338;

secundas curas sapientiores esse, generost Kristeller, Iter I, 263 ; Scarcia 251). et nobilissimi iuvenes, ego in hoc poeta enar- Edition : rando, h et op ere Tit ertus mihi videor. Ante 1602. Rostochii (Rostock): ex typogranovenn um enim 'P slae cum commorarer, phia Stephani Myliandri. Not in Morgan.

illum commentario explicare conatus sum, (CtY)

cuius me editi statim subsequenti anno poe- " nitere coepit, utpote foetus praeproperi et c) The commentary of 1603.

vix absoluti. Mox anno sequenti Coloniae Dedication. Nobilissimo Viro Domino et Argentinae cum degerem paraphrasi Bredovio Equiti Marchico Domino in Cremscholastica ipsi lucem dare conabar, quam men et Velsantz, domino et patrono meo. licet magnietiam et illustres viri non impro- [Znc.] : Novem iam ferme anni sunt, nobilis-

barint, mihi tamen ipsi tum propter pro- sime Ioannes Bredovi, ex quo potioribus lixitatem, etiam in obscoenioribus, quae superioris Germaniae urbibus perlustratis,

parcius tractare satius erat, tum etiam prop- felici atque fausto sidere, Tubingam veni. . . ter loca quaedam non satis dextre lecta et (Lubinus begins with praise of his dedica305

7 LATIN AUTHORS tee). .. quod possum, non quod debeo, levi- Iam vero triennio elapso post Juvenalem dense munusculum tibi offero, hosce meos et Horatium in Academia hac explicatum a in Persium, poetam doctissimum et obscuris- me, dum utrumque meum commentarium simum, commentarios. Quod ut aequi boni- quasi postliminio rursus revolvo, ut cum que consulas, illoque quo offertur animo Graeco illo loquar, pleraque dvéyrayv OL accipias reverenter et officiose contendo. are yvaoy eo quod rectius et plenius hic Ad poetam ipsum quod spectat vere magis auctor explicari deberet si Pplene et plane quam ambitiose aut confidenter dixero, cognoscl debeat et intelligi, tnque me Graenulli operae et labori me pepercisse quo cum illud quodammodo DEDTEQOS OY; éd0-

. . .industria Iam igitur tandem lucem serio atque sedulo maet -de affectavit, darem. Quo os .. oo, ; num mentemque gravissimo huic auctori

ipsi in tanta obscuritate, quam dedita opera “oy Et ev, Epoovovy Oe i“ dev animadverto.

nomine ipsum bis publice in hac Academia admovendam censui, ut ita debiti et pronostra praelegi, et duplici paraphrasi illus- missi hoc mei nomen apud viros doctos

trav. P raemisi hisce omnibus commmen- et iuvenes studiosos tandem aliquando tarium. Cuius praeproperae’_ eruditionis expungam....[Expl.]: Num ut cum manAttounvov téxov et me non semel piguit gno Scaligero loquar, Persius non vult inatque paenituit. Adeo ut a toto illo editionis telligi, sed iam tamen a nobis intellegitur. tempore in hoc unice incubuerim, ut quae in Qui quamvis, ut abstrusam eruditionem

prioris commentarii fronte non satis pru- ostentaret, dedita opera ac de industria denter receperam, re et opere tandem ali- multis obscuritatibus tanquam labyrinthis quando praestarem et fidem meam libera- et aenigmatibus librum hunc suum involverem. Quid praestiterim iudices tu et viri rit, sic tamen, iuvante Deo, illum enarrabo, docti tecum. Ego certe volui quod alii ut qui hactenus doctis etiam grypho intrirectius potuissent. Tu, mi Bredovi, quid- catior fuit imposterum etiam iunioribus quid est, boni consule, munusculum si ip- scirpo planior et laevior sine ullo nodo aut sum in se spectes sane perexiguum, magnum scrupulo futurus sit, id quod re et opere vero atque non poenitendum si animum praestare quam multo verborum ambitu meum spectes tuo tibi merito aeternum devo- prolixe de me tibi polliceri malo.

tum atque devinctum. In Persium Satyrarum librum prolegomeSalve cum omnibus tuis salvis et quod na. [Inc.]: Ne illotis, quod dici consuevit, facis, atque unice a te fieri a te contendo, manibus ad praeclarum hoc Persii poema

inter tuos me numerare perge. evolvendum et enarrandum accedam, pauca

Rostochii mense Martio, Anno MDCIII. quaedam ex praeceptis Servii Grammatici Nobilitatem tuam officiose et studiose co- moodeyouévwy loco praemittenda duxi.../...

lens Eilhardus Lubinus. Scilicet, ut poeta alter ait :

To the Reader: Lectori Benivolo salutem. Optima prima fere manibus rapiuntur [Inc.}: Ante fere decennium, benivole lec- avaris tor, cum Lipsiae adhuc commorarer, Per- Implentur numeris deteriora suis. sium qualicumque commentario Franekerae Atque haec zoodeyouévwy loco dicta suffiFrisiorum edito illustravi, quo quidem com- ciant.

mentariolo tum temporis auctorem hunc There follow several logical tables: Anaita a me explicari censebam, ut a quovis lysis logica in librum Satyrarum Persii facile possit intelligi. J1lum dum ante tres generalis. 2. In A. Persii Flacci Prologum annos rursus inspicio et revolvo, nonnulla sive prooemium analysis. 3. Alia analysis quae vel minus plena vel minus recta eviles- logica. cere incipiebant, adeo ut illius tam prae- Ad prologum sive prooemium commentapropere editi poenitere me inciperet. Quo rius. [Inc.]: Cum in toto hoc opere auctori etiam tempore et quo nomine Persium hunc nostro propositum sit obscuro, conciso, publice hic mediocri, ut spero, auditorum tecto et allegorico sermonis genere uti.... meorum fructu et favore enarravi, multis- Atque haec ut simplicissima sic rectissima que in locis plenius et rectius explicavi. ut spero, prologi explicatio. 306

PERSIUS

Nec fonte labra(Prol. 1) Prologus, quo both on the text and on the Vita Persii, and figurate sub sua persona Socratis philosophi finally with his Persiana Horatit imitatio. more, qui ob id Eiron vel simulator dictus, Dedication. (ed. of Paris, 1605). Nobilisalios vanos poetas, qui versus scribebant, simo illustrissimoque viro, D. Achilli Harquod non didicerant, perstringit. ... Melos laeo, equiti, amplissimique ordinis princi(Prol, 14) Unde Marullus festivissimus poeta pi Isaacus Casaubonus S.D. [Jne.]: Niciam vexat Politianum pro melos nectar substi- pictorem quondam excellentissimum dicere

tuentem, quando inquit: solitum legimus, Praeses amplissime, artis Posse negas dici ‘melos’, facunde poeta pingendi non minimam partem in eo esse Atque ideo Musas ‘nectar’ ais ‘canere’ positam, ut argumentum eligatur ping digSed neque divinus male pédoc deosy num, et quod spectantium oculos idoneum Homerus (Cf. Hymnus ad Mercurium 502) sit tenere. Huius ego exemplum, quanto Nec nisi cum cantas nectar, inepte, canis. minus ingenio fidebam, tanto diligentius

(Lubinus is citing freely, perhaps from imitandum mihi esse duxi, cum de elucumemory, Epigram. III, 45. See the edition brando aliquid cepi cogitare, quod in saby A. Perosa, Michaelis Marulli Carmina, crario Musarum tuo ceu tabulam yaolo-

Zurich, 1951 p. 76). THoloy appenderem, tot tantorumque bene-

O curas hominum (Sat. I, 1). Principium ficiorum, quibus me tibi fecisti dudum obasperum, vehemens, et abruptum more sa- noxium, testem meaeque adeo observantiae tyrico. In quo generalis Satyrae scribendae erga te summae posteris si forte monumenratio proponitur vanitas Romanorum.. ./... tum aliquod, tibi certe pignus, uti spero,

[Expl]: ee

with books, statues, and pictures. He seems 594-629 seems to have been written about

to have owned the property on which Vir- B48 gil’s tomb was, and he treated the tomb as a Pliny’s verdict (Ep. III 7. 5) on Silius is shrine and kept Virgil’s birthday more well known : Scribebat earmina maiore cura scrupulously than his own ; he also possessed quam ingenio But Martial. a client of

en of Cicero’s, maybe his Cuma Silius, is glowing in his praise : for instance, Pliny (loc. cit.) notes that Silius ended his CE cas an wine VIL 63. 1). on mmorn life through starvation on his Neapolitan SOE terior to Virgil ( Epigr XI 19. 4) erate because of an incurable clavus. There are also phraseological parallels bee was fortunate and happy until his last tween Martial and Silius (though not par-

day except in thatepigrams he had lost the younger of , . ‘ : . ticularly where Martial mentions his two sons (the older, an ox-consuly sur- Silius), maybe most of them imitations by vived him). Silius’ suicide is one of the . eas . testimonia external to the Punica for his peneree san Passages tet were P ublished Stoicism (for objection to this see Bolaffi, Silius is never mentioned by S tatius in his

loc. cit.); another is his connection with ; ;

in these instances 1s only Italicus). or the Achilleid), but there are many paral-

Cf. Pliny loc. cit., Martial and 49, lels between the Punica and Statius’ works. Gamatus3.and Epictetus Gut XI. the48mame cited Slay the ely plas for such, referees and J. H. D’Arms, Romans on the Bay of Naples. . . It is difficult, however, to decide who is (Cambridge, Mass. 1970) 207-208 and passim. imitating whom because of the uncertain

4. A neoplasm or tumor according to E. Bo- —

laffi, ‘Appunti di storia della medicina’, Giornale 6. On the whole problem see E. Wistrand, Die italiano di filologia XIII (1960) 156-161 at 160- Chronologie der Punica des Silius Italicus (Géte-

161. borg 1956).

5. For the external and internal evidence for 7. See the ‘Reminiscenzen und Anklange’

Silius’ Stoicism see E. L. Bassett, ‘Hercules and compiled by E. Wagner in Friedlaender’s Martial the Hero of the Punica’ in L. Wallach (ed.), The and, for a literary analysis of correspondences in Classical Tradition: Literary and Historical Studies the two poets, A. Zingerle, Zu spdteren lateinischen

in Honor of Harry Caplan (Ithaca, N. Y. 1966) Dichtern, II (Innsbruck 1879) 12-40 (II: ‘Zu Lu-

258-273, especially 263. can, Silius, Martial’).

343

LATIN AUTHORS

relative chronology.2 There are a few Silius by Sidonius in his wrilings.” SidoSlight echoes of the Punica in Juvenal, nius in his series of names is parading his though he never refers specifically to Silius familiarity with classical letters — and the as he does to other epic poets (e.g., Statius very passage that we have quoted seems to

in VII 83).® reflect Martial I praef.: sic scribit Catullus, After the younger Pliny and Martial refer sic Marsus, sic Pedo, sic Gaetulicus, sic

to Silius by name, he is not mentioned again quicumque perlegitur — but the implication

in Latin literature until the fifth century. is that Silius belongs to a canon of Latin

Then Sidonius, in a list of names and authors authors whom all educated men read. In that he says that his friend Felix must not fact, several writers, particularly poets, of ex? ect to find in , his (Sidonius’) nugae, the fourth to the sixth centuries appear to

writes: Non Gaetulicus hic tibi legetur, / imitate Silius. Non Marsu ®s Pedo, Silius, Tibullus, / Non But before giving some references for vioquum. an Oalene | / 1X D5Oft Silian imitations in those centuries we should

se Ae a note that there are many names from Silius

There seem also to be several imitations of in Vibius Sequester’s De fluminibus, fonti-

8. See F. Vollmer’s edition of the Silvae (Leip- bus, lacubus, nemoribus, paludibus, montibus, ,zig , ;1898) way ;gentibus litteram (ofet the fourth or| fifth L. Legras,per ‘Les Puniques la Thébaide’,

Revue des études anciennes VII (1905) 131-146, century). They all come from Punica XIV. 357-371 (who argues that Punica I-XII are con- Whether Vibius knew only that book of temporary with the Thebaid or even antedate it a Silius’ poem (perhaps through an anthology) little, and that the Punica was finished in 96 at the or more is uncertain. Nor is there certainty latest, that Statius seems to have imitated Silius about whether a commentary on the Punica more than vice versa, but that, in sum, these two was available to Vibius in the composition contemporary epics did not influence each other a of his geographical handbook.

great deal); P. Venini, ‘Studi sulla Tebaide di ne

Stazio. L’imitazione’, Istituto Lombardo, Rendi- 10. See the ‘Loci similes auctorum Sidonio anconti, Classe di Lettere e Scienze Morali e Storiche teriorum’ in C. Luetjohann’s edition of Sidonius, XCV (1961) 371-400 at 372-373, n. 1; Bassett, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auct. ant. VIII

op. cit., 268-270 with n. 38. For instances of (Berlin 1887; reprinted ibid. 1961) 353-416 at parallels see Volimer, op. cit., pp. x-xiv (in Add. et 384-416 (for Sidonius’ carmina). For instance, Corr.), ‘Auctores Imitatores’ under text, Comm. Sidonius’ caput aurea rumpunt cornua (Carm. passim, and p. 595; G. B. A. Fletcher, ‘ Imitationes XXII 26-27) echoes Silius XIII 332: ac parva vel loci similes in poetis latinis’, Mnemosyne, tertia erumpunt rubicunda cornua fronte. series, I (1933/34) 192-213 at 194; O. A. W. Dilke’s 11. A. Piischel in his thesis De Vibii Sequestris edition of Statius Achilleid (Cambridge 1954) 114, libelli geographici fontibus et compositione (Halle 122; Bassett, ‘Regulus and the Serpent in the 1907) 34-37 does not accept the theory of a coinPunica’, Classical Philology L (1955) 1-20, passim ; mentary but considers it very likely that Vibius ‘Silius Punica 6. 1-53’, ibid. LIV (1959) 10-34, used a geographical lexicon or glossary to explain passim ; ‘Scipio and the Ghost of Appius’, ibid. the names not intelligible from Silius’ text itself. LVIII (1963) 73-92, passim ; L. Hokanson, Statius’ M. Kiessling, on the other hand, in his review of Silvae: Critical and Exegetical Remarks with Pischel, Berliner philologische Wochenschrift XXX Some Notes on the Thebaid (Lund 1969) 47, n. 61. (1910) 1469-1476, argues for the existence of

9. L. Friedlaender in his edition of Juvenal ancient Silian scholia. Klotz considers the idea (Leipzig 1895; reprinted Darmstadt 1967) cites uncertain; cf. Pauly-Wissowa 2. R. III (1927) parallels with Silius only twice (ad I 169, VI 238) 91. See also the summing up of the question by (pp. 162, 310). More are given by C. Weyman in W. Strzelecki ibid. VIII (1958) 2457-2462 at 2460-

his review of Friedlaender, Bldtter fiir das Gym- 2461 and the editions of Vibius by A. Marsili nasial-Schulwesen X XXIII (1897) 270-277: ad (Pisa 1960; ‘Scientia Veterum’ 9) 17-18, P. G. Juv. III 280, XIII 16, XIV 97, 222 (pp. 272, 276, Parroni (Milan-Varese 1965) 10-14, and R. Gelso277). mino (Leipzig 1967) xlvii. 344

SILIUS ITALICUS

Among the imitators of Silius in the fourth Heptateuchos of Cyprian (Cyprianus Galcentury!” are Juvencus,® Ausonius,4* Sym- lus),8 in Rutilius Namatianus,!® Claudius machus, and Ammianus Marcellinus.’® Late Marius Victorius (or Victor or Victorinus ?),?°

in the fourth century and early in the fifth and Orientius.21 In Dracontius (late fifth we find echoes of Silius in Claudian,!” in the century) there may be some imitation of 12. Our list of authors from the fourth to the the Punica.™ In the sixth century the verse

sixth century is selective. The modern literature TO cited includes references to loci similes, which may U. Keudel, Poetische Voridufer und Vorbilder in

sometimes be accidental or incidental (e.g., if Claudians De consulatu Stilichonis: ImitationsClaudian echoes Virgil and Silius follows the same kommentar (Hypomnemata 26; Gdéttingen 1970)

Virgilian passage) as well as to more definite 167-168 (Verzeichnis der lateinischen poetischen

borrowings. Vorbilder s.v. Silius) and passim. Cf. from Miss

13. See J. T. Hatfield, A Study of Juvencus Keudel, e.g., pp. 69-70 (the account of Fides in Sil. (Bonn 1890) 47; H. H. Kievits, Ad Juvenci Evan- II 526-649 followed by Claudian in his portrait geliorum librum primum comunentarius exegelicus of Iustitia in Ruf. I 51-57 and of Clementia in (Groningen 1940) passim; J. de Wit, Ad Tuvenci Stil. II 6-11), p. 75 (concutiens tonitru in Sul. II Evangeliorum librum secundum comunentarius exege- 26 and Sil. V 71), p. 86 (Stil. I 252: infesto spu-

ficus (ibid. 1947) pose oe mavit remige Tethys ; Sil. VII 412: multo spuma-

14. See the parallels cited by K. Schenki in his ;

edition of Ausonius, Monumenia Germaniae His- bat remige pontus) , P P- 86 and 104 (lacrimabile forica, Auct. Ant. V, 2(Berlin 1883; reprinted nomen in Stil. II 261 justified as an allusion to Sil. ibid. 1961) 48, 102, 168 ; by R. Peiper in his edition IV 729-730: Latio lacrimabile nomen Hannibal of the same author (Leipzig 1886) 229 and passim — it also occurs at Stat. Th. IV 719 — because of in 437-499 (Auctores et imitatores) ; by C. Hosius in the comparison of Stilicho’s victory over Gildo

the notes in his edition of Ausonius’ Mosella (with to that of Scipio over Hannibal in Séil. III the Moselle poeis of Venantius Fortunatus, *Mar- praef.). burg 1926; reprinted Hildesheim 1967). See also 18. See the parallels cited in R. Peiper’s edition M. R. Posani, ‘Reminiscenze di poeti latini nella of the Heptateuchos (CSEL XXIII (1891) 275-299 “Mosella” di Ausonio’, Studi ilaliani di filologia (Auctores imitatores) at 275, 279, 280, 291, 293, and classica, n. s. XXXIV (1962-63) 31-69 at 40, 42 the additional one given in the review (by W68lffand 53 n. 1. Note especially her analysis (p. 42) lin) of Peiper, Archiv fiir lateinische Lexikographie of Ausonius’ adaptation in vss. 173-174 : insultant- VII (1892) 619-620 at 620: Leviticus 140: at cum

que vadis trepidasque sub amne sorores / terrent triticeas tondet iam messor aristas; Sil. VIII of Silius XIV 363-364: Insultant pariter pelago ; 61: Atque ea, dum flavas bis tondet messor aris-

ac Neptunia regna / Tempestate nova trepidant. tas. See also her bibliography of Ausonian reminiscences 19. See the Index locorum in E. Castorina’s edi-

at 31 n. J. 7 . tion of Rutilius (Florence 1967).

15. See G. (W.) Kroll, De Q. Aurel Symmachi 20. See the Auctores et imitatores (under the

studiis Graecis et Latinis (Breslauer philologische text) and the Index scriptorum gentilium, p. 281 of

Abhandlungen, V1, 2, Breslau 1891) 57-98. P. F. Hovingh’s edition of the Alethia (with J.

16. See H. Hagendahl, Studia Ammianea (Upp- _, ; eas

sala Universitets Arsskrift 192i, Filosofi... 3) Martin’s Commodianus in Corpus Christtanorum, 141 (Index) and E. L. B. Meurig Davies, ‘Notes on Ser. Lat., CXXVIII, Turnhout 1960). Ammianus Marcellinus’, Classical Quarterly XLII 21. See the four passages of his Commonitorium

(1948) 113. confronted with four Silian passages by Sister M. D.

17. See the fontes given beneath the text in T. Tobin in her Orientii Commonitorium: A ComBirt’s edition, Claudii Claudiani carmina, Monu- mentary with an Introduction and Translation menta Germaniae Historica, Auct. Ant. X (Berlin (Washington 1945) 20. 1892 ; reprinted ibid. 1961). See also A. Cameron, 22. See B. Barwinski, Quaestiones ad DraconClaudian : Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of tium et Orestis tragoediam pertinentes. Quaestio I: Honorius (Oxford 1970) 506 (Index s.v. Silius) and De genere dicendi (Gottingen 1887) 17, 101, 102.

345

LATIN AUTHORS

of Arator?? and Corippus®* shows indebted- There are no extant medieval commen-

ness to Silius. taries on the Punica, and traces of Mss. of There seem to be some echoes of Silius in the poem in the Middle Ages are slight. The the Anthologia Latina and in the Carmina 32 With which we are familiar are all of the

Latina epigraphica.*® Renaissance ; see below, p. 364 (Appendix II

TS of Fortuna). The codex which L. Carrion 23. See A. A. Ansorge, De Aratore veterum poe- and F. Modius saw and collated in the Colo-

tarum Latinorum imitatore (Breslau 1914) 69-72 gne cathedral library in the 16th century and A. P. McKinley’s edition of Arator, CSEL and which the former assigned to the time LX XII (1951), the auctores and imitatores under of Charlemagne is now lost.?¢

the text passim and Index scriptorum, III: Auc- To our knowledge Silius is represented in

a seen ee Amann, Cort . only fragment of a medieval . SeeAR. Deone Corippo priorum poeta- library27

rum Latinorum imitatore (Oldenburg 1885) 29-30. vertinent entry is Hen Ovidii metamorfo. Amann declares (p. 29) that Corippus owes less to ° seon; Sili et Stacii volumen I. The cata-

the Flavian epic poets than one might expect logue fragment forms part of Ms. Donau(quam quis putaverit) but gives (p. 30) several eschingen 191. Unfortunately, the name of the

parallels between Corippus and Silius. Note from library whose holdings are listed is not these especially Joh. V1 447-451 : proelia poscens. . . stated in the fragment and has been much Inquirens ; Sil. I 483-485: proelia poscens [correct debated. Von Lassberg quotes I. von Arx to poscit]. . . inquire (the parallelism goes beyond for the theory that the library was St. Gall

that with Verg. Aen. X 661: in proelia poscit) but is inclined himself to favor Constance. and the number of similarities collected from Joh. But Lehmann (p. 262) presents strong arI 357-406 and Sil. IV 34-56. Add to Amann’s guments for Reichenau.28 parallels one noted by J. Diggle and F. R. D. Good- ————__

year in their edition of the Johannis (Cambridge Index III (Versuum Auctores Cognitores), p. 176 1970) 93 (ad V 28) and the following, kindly and also C. Weyman, ‘Studien zu den Carmina la-

pointed out to us by U. J. Stache: Just. I 199: tina epigraphica’, Bldtter fiir das Gymnasialexactam noctem primi sensere volucres ; Sil. XIV Schulwesen XXXI (1895) 529-556 and C. Hosius,

594 : vim primi sensere canes. ‘Rémische Dichter auf Inschriften’, Rheinisches

25. That is, in Anthologia Latina, Pars I: Car- Museum N.F. L(1895) 286-300. Perhaps the best mina in codicibus scripta, recensuit A. Riese (2 parallel cited by Hosius is no. 710. 6: post fata fascs. ; 2 Leipzig 1894, 1906) and Pars II: Carmi- mariti ; Sil. VI575: post fata mariti. na epigraphica, conlegit F. Buecheler (3 fascs. ; 26. Cf. H. Blass, ‘Die Textesquellen des Silius Leipzig 1895, 1897, and [Supplementum, curavit Italicus’, Jahrbiicher ftir classische Philologie E. Lommatzsch] 1926). Re Pars I see C. Weyman, VIII. Suppl.-Bd. (1875-76) 161-250 at 161-162.

‘Zu lateinischen Dichtern’, Neophilologus VII 27. Printed by J. von Lassberg in Anzeiger fiir (1921-22) 129-136, 282-286 at 130 (for nos. 270 and Kunde der teuischen Vorzeit V11 (1838) 416-420 at 419

866) and 282 (for no. 654: Tetrasticha in libris and also by P. Lehmann, Mittelalterliche BibVergilii). See also R. Buente, Patrici Epithala- liothekskataloge Deutschlands und der Schweiz I mium Auspici et Aellae [no. 941] denuo editum prae- (Munich 1918) 262-266 at 265.

fatione instructum (Marburg 1891), esp. 34-35. 28. Cf. also Manitius, Handschriften antiker Some of Buente’s parallels are quite telling; cf. Autoren in mittelalterlichen Bibliothekskatalogen vs. 6: Cythereius ignis ; Sil. XII 247: Cythereius (Leipzig 1935) 125 and J. Autenrieth, Die Domignis ; vs. 40 : responsant tympana pulsu ; Sil. X VII Schule von Konstanz. ..(Forschungen zur Kirchen-

19: resonantia tympana pulsu. Note Buente’s und Geistesgeschichte N.F. III, Stuttgart 1956) 18observation (p. 35): ‘Contra maxime quinto sae- 20. For various problems connected with the entry culo, ad quam aetatem referri carmen volumus, (e.g., whether Ovidii metamorfoseon is a mistake for Sillum in hominum manibus fuisse atque frequenter Manilius, connections between this Ms. and Madrid

lectitatum ex Vibii Sequestris libro scimus.. .’ Mss. M 31 (now 3678) and X 81 (now 8514)), Re Pars II see Fasc. II, Index III (Versuum Auctores see P. Thielscher in Philologus LX VI (1907) 85-134, Cognitores), p. 917 and Fasc. III (Supplementum), LXXXII (1927) 167-180, Hermes LX XXIV (1956) 346

SILIUS ITALICUS

Two indications of familiarity with Silius saec. IX-XII.= Connections between Silius in the Middle Ages are the following :1. In and Walther von Speyer seem very dubious ; the miscellaneous Ms. Bern. 363, s. LX, there certainly Sursulus (= Statius), not Silius,

is written over the beginning of Chirius is to be read in vs. 100: Sursulus ingenua

Fortunatianus’ Ars rhetorica, in the same cantavit proelia voce of ‘Primus libellus de hand as the text: Silus Italicus XV liber?® studio poetae, qui et scholasticus’ of Walde bellis Punicis ; Fortunatianus is referring ther’s Vita et Passio Sancti Christophori to deliberations of the Roman _ senators Martyris.24 There may just possibly be a early in Punica XV as an example of the trace of Silius in Reginald of Canterbury.® first circumstantia. 2. In a Bede Ms. of the Perhaps there are echoes of the Punica in 9th century in Stuttgart, HB VII 38 (Weing. Thiofrid of Echternach,®* in Walter of

B53), the Silian verse: Ipsa quidem virtus a

sibimet pulcherrima merces (XIII 663)? 33. See W. Harster’s edition of these texts and other material have been copied in by a (Leipzig 1887) 182 (in Index Scriptorum Laudahand of the 11th century ; the copyist has torum). Note from the four parallels adduced by

been identified asa priest named Wolferad.*? Harster the following: VI (Vita S. Cassiani) 115:

In addition to these items concerning Blasphemus tenebras postquam properavit AverSilius in the Middle Ages there may be nas, and Silius XV 76: degeneres tenebris animas imitations of passages of the Punica in damnavit Avernis; VII (Passio S. Arnulfi) 330: various authors of the ninth to the twelfth Qualis ubi pluviae per caeca silentia noctis, and centuries. There may be a few such imita- Silius VII 350-351 : Navus abire timor, dumc aeca tions in the Waltharius®? and in the Novem silentia dumque / maiores umbrae. O. Occioni, Vitae Sanctorum metricae. .. Ex codicibus. .. Scritti di letteratura latina (Turin etc. 1891) 185-

$$ _____— 186 questions the Silian imitation in all four of 353-372, and Classical Quarterly N.S. VII (1957) Harster’s passages. 1-2, pp. 47-52; A. Wasserstein in Classical Quar- 34. See W. Harster’s edition of the Vita (Muterly N.S. III (1953) 1-2, pp. 67-78 and VIII (1958) nich 1878) 22, where he corrects the suggestion of 1-2, pp. 111-112; G. P. Goold in Rheinisches Silius made in his study Walther von Speier, ein Museum fiir Philologie N. F. XCIX (1956) 9-17; Dichter des X. Jahrhunderts (Speyer 1877) 20. A. J. Dunston in Univ. of London, Inst. of Classical See also P. Vossen, Der Libellus Scolasticus des Studies, Bulletin XIV (1967) 96-101, esp. 99 n. 3 Walther von Speyer: Ein Schulbericht aus dem

and 100 n. 6. Jahre 984 (Berlin 1962) 39 (text of vs. 100 with 29. Throughout our article we give the material Sursulus), 89(n. ad loc.: Sursulus = Statius). from the Mss. and quote from early printed edi- The long account of the fate of Regulus (vss. 21tions in a standard modern orthography and punc- 68 of Praefatio ad invitandum lectorem idonea of tuation and expand abbreviations ; hence here liber the Vita Christophori) just possibly reflects Walinstead of lib. We do, however, retain any spelling ther’s familiarity with Silius, but it is a vague recol-

that seems particularly important or interesting lection of the Regulus episode with a confusion of

as, e.g., silus for Silius. Carthaginians with Parthians. This confusion is 30. Throughout this paper the line-references probably due to Horace Odes III 5, where the

to the Punica follow L. Bauer’s ed. (2 vols. ; Leip- exemplum of Regulus is opposed to that of Crassus.

zig 1890-92). See Harster’s study (1877) 20 and cf. his edition 31. Cf. J. Delz, Die Uberlieferung des Silius (1878) 8. For opposition to Harster’s view see

Italicus; Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Philologie Manitius, Geschichte II 504; Occioni, op. cif. 186-

im 15. Jahrhundert (Basel MHabilitationsschrift 188. 1966 ; to appear later in print) 7 and n. 4; this 35. See Manitius, Geschichte III 844 n. 6.

work will be referred to hereafter as Delz I. 36. K. Rossberg in his edition of Thiofrid’s 32. See in W. Berschin, ‘Ergebnisse der Waltha- Vita Willibrordi Metrica (Leipzig 1883), after rius-Forschung seit 1951’, Deutsches Archiv fur citing many Latin authors known to Thiofrid, says Erforschung des Mittelalters XXIV (1968) 16-45 (p. xviii) : ‘Aliorum etiam scriptorum ut Ciceronis, at 25 a parallel between the two works noted by Silii Italici, Ausonii, loci interdum animo eius ob-

Schumann and another by Wallach. versati esse videntur’. Rossberg has confronted six 347

LATIN AUTHORS

ChAatillon,®’ and in the Bucolica of Marcus century documents attached to the Ms.

Vaterius.*8 merely show how unscrupulous certain The idea that Petrarch owned a Ms. of scholars could be.*® Silius seems completely unfounded despite That Amplonius Ratinck (c. 1365-1434/ Lefebvre de Villebrune’s description of a 35) of Rheinberg possessed two Mss. of the

‘fragment’ of the Punica as: quod sibi text of the Punica and one of glosses on it minus verecunde, nonnullis mutatis, vindi- is very questionable. We know of these caverat, suoque poemati Africae lib. VI. Mss. only from a list of codices given by

adsuere non est veritus Fr. Petrarcha. The Ratinck to the University of Erfurt ;#

‘fragment’ clearly belongs to the Africa, the Mss. themselves have all disappeared. but Lefebvre shamelessly added it to his The titles all refer to, Lucan (Libri Lucani de editions of Silius (i.e., the Latin one and bellis punicis, etc.) ; it seems more reasonable

the one containing the Latin text with a that de bellis punicis should be changed to French version; both Paris 1781) and ac- de bello civili or de bellis civilibus than that cordingly called the Latin one Operis integri Lucani should be changed to Sili Italici.

editio princeps. Whether a Silian Ms. existed containing L. Arrigoni described in his Notice his- VIII 144-223 plus two lines omitted in

forique et bibliographique sur 25+» MSS... modern editions is doubtful. The 82 lines ayant fait partie de la bibliothéque de Fran- first occur in print in the Collectaneorum cois Petrarque (Milan 1883), No. 1, pp. 21- hecatostys prima (Fano 1508) of Iacobus 23 a Silius Ms. (Marston Ms. 220 of the Constantius (Giacomo Costanzi) (1473-1517), Yale Library ; De Ricci, Suppl. 226) that he and VIII 144-223 (and one of the two other stated had belonged to Petrarch and con- verses) in the Aldine edition of Silius (1523).

tained autograph notes by him. But this Constantius says (cap. 92): ... duos et ocstatement must be rejected. The presenta- toginta versus deficere Baptista Guarini fi-

tion inscription (f. 184%: Ioanés Columna lius...ostendit: quos e gallia sibi cum Francisco Petrarche : MnemosynO) is forged aliis quamplurimis rebus scitu dignis missos

and of the 16th century ; many of the 19th- fuisse dicebat.*!

Silian passages with six in the Vita Willibrordi ; 39. Cf. B. L. Ullman, ‘Petrarch Manuscripts in see p. 115 (Index Scriptorum Laudatorum s.v. the United States’, Italia medioevale e umanistica Silius Italicus). For arguments against imitation of V (1962) 443-475 at 456. V. Develay in ‘Pétrarque

Silius by Thiofrid in the lines in question see Oc- et Silius Italicus’, Bulletin du bibliophile et du

cioni, op. cit. 188-190. bibliothécaire (Paris 1883) 505-508 notes that Arri37. See the passages from the Punica and from goni does not attack Petrarch’s reputation in the Walter’s Alexandreis cited by H. Christensen, Das way that Lefebvre does but warns his readers at Alexanderlied Walters von Chatillon (Halle 1905) the request of the director of the Bulletin thus: 210 (in the ‘Verzeichnis der aus antiken Dichtern ‘Prenez garde, ce qu’on vous vend pour un diamant entlehnten Stellen’). If some of these correspon- n’est qu’un caillou du Rhin!’ dences are accidental, Walter’s audendum est ali- 40. See R. Sabbadini, Le scoperte. .. II (Florence

quid, quod nos... hostibus expulsis. .. coronet 1914) 13. (Alex. IX 96) certainly looks like a copy of Silius 41. For more details and for the question of XV 549-551: Magnum aliquid tibi, si patriae vis whether the lines are genuine see O. Rossbach in addere fata, / Audendum est, quod, depulso quo- his review of the first volume of Bauer in Deutsche que moenibus hoste, / Victores fecisse tremant. Litteraturzeitung X%1(1890) 1869-1871 at 1871; 38. See M. Valerio, Bucoliche, a cura di Franco W. E. Heitland, ‘The “Great Lacuna” in the Munari (* Florence 1970), pp. 15 and 27 for parallel Eighth Book of Silius Italicus’, The Journal of passages and pp. 14, 15, 25 for usage. Note espe- Philology XXIV (1896) 188-211; Sabbadini, op. cially from p. 15, Valerius II 98: extremum que- cit, I (Florence 1905) 180-182. Rossbach considers rentia lumina solem? and Silius VI 10-11: nec cer- the verses a forgery by Guarino, Sabbadini looks nere deerat / Frustra seminecum quaerentia lu- upon them as a forgery of Costanzi, Heitland thinks

mina caelum. that they are genuine and from the St. Gall Ms. 348

SILIUS ITALICUS

The medieval Ms. of Silius which is now Renaissance Vitae of Silius unaccompanied lost (as is the Cologne Ms.) but from which by commentary. all extant Mss. descend was discovered by These Renaissance biographies of Silius Poggio in 1417 at the time of the Council of and the number of Renaissance Mss. of the

Constance, but the exact place of the Punica show that Silius became popular

discovery cannot be ascertained (many schol- after he was ‘rediscovered’ by Poggio. One ars have favored St. Gall, and the codex is reason for his popularity was probably the often called Sangallensis). For the abundant great interest that men of letters had already evidence dating from the 15th century for taken in Scipio and the great respect that the find see Delz I 10-28 and nn. 1-26. The they had for his character. Scipio’s ‘life and earliest testimonium is Francesco Barbaro’s deeds played a prominent role throughout

letter of congratulation to Poggio (July Dante’s work’, and ‘Dante’s lofty view of 1417).42 The next is a letter of Poggio’s Scipio’s divine mission is reflected in the

from Constance to Barbaro (1417 or 1418).4 fact that he has St. Peter himself eulogize Poggio observes there that the Ms. needs the Roman hero in his Paradiso (Par. XXVII

to be first corrected and then copied by a 61 ff.)’.** Petrarch considered Scipio a scholar ; so he asks Barbaro to have this personification of virtue and even cites him done and the result sent to Niccold Niccoli along with Christ.” The authority and in Florence. An epistle of Poggio to Nic- popularity of Petrarch, the biography of coli (1425) implies that the latter has a Scipio that he wrote, and what was known

Silius for copying.“ In his oratio funebris about the Africa (never finished by Petrarch for Niccoli (1437) Poggio says that the and not to be published until 1501) will go inspiration and impulse for ferreting out so far to explain the popularity of Silius after many texts, including the Silius, was from his text was found again. People were Niccoli. Sicco Polenton (1375-76 — 1446- interested in the Second Punic War; the 48) in the second version, completed in 1437, 14th century had already seen this as the of his Scriptorum illustrium Latinae linguae summit of Roman history and achievement

libri XVIII states that a Ms. of Silius’ and had already debated whether Scipio or

poem had recently been discovered at Hannibal was greater. Constance and gives an account of Silius’ There was a 15th-century debate over life ; Sicco was the first to bring Pliny’s letter Scipio and Caesar, a controversy over which (III 7) into connection with the newly found of the two had served his country better and

Silius. whether the Roman Republic or the Roman Many other lives of Silius, not accom- Empire was to be preferred. Behind it was a

panied by a commentary on the Punica, conflict between the republican and the

were written in the 15th and 16th centuries. monarchical ideals prevailing in the Italian Maybe the next one after that by Sicco is states at the time. The principal figures in the work of Agostino Dati (1420-1478 ?). the debate at its beginning in 1435 were See for these lives our Appendix I: The Poggio, favoring Scipio and the Florentine

— ideal of the republic, and Guarino, favoring 42. See Francisci Barbari et aliorum ad ipsum Caesar and the monarchism of the princely epistolae (ed. A. M. Quirini, Brescia 1743) 1-8 courts. Silius is occasionally invoked in the (Ep. 1) at 2; also in Poggius Bracciolini, Opera controversy. Guarino declares in his attack omnia (ed. R. Fubini, Turin 1969) 57-64 at 58. on Poggio that Caesar was not responsible 43. See A. C. Clark, ‘The Literary Discoveries for the death of Latin eloquence and literary

of Poggio’, Classical Review XIII (1899) 119-130 ———

at 125; reprint of p. 125 in Fubini, op. cit., p. 239. 46. Quotations from A. S. Bernardo, Petrarch, 44. See T. de Tonellis, Poggii Epistolae I (Flo- Scipio and the ‘Africa’. ..(Baitimore 1962) 169rence 1832, reprinted Turin 1963) 149-150 (Lib. 170.

II, Ep. XXITI) at 150. 47. Cf. Bernardo, op. cit., p. 73.

45. See Poggii Florentini... opera... (Basel 48. Cf. J. Burckhardt, Die Kultur der Renais1538, reprinted Turin 1964) 270-277 at 272. sance in Italien © Leipzig 1926) 220, 91-92. 349

LATIN AUTHORS

Studies as Poggio had maintained in a letter In Poggio’s Disceptatio de avaritia, finished

to Scipione Mainenti of Ferrara. Guarino in 1428, Bartolomeo da Montepulciano ilcites as evidence a number of authors in lustrates from Lucian and ‘ab Silio Italico various genres: grammarians, poets, his- Poéta nobili’ the commonplace that all torians, etc. Of the poets he writes: ‘Quid one’s wealth is of no avail against death; de poetis? Dicerem de Catullo, Claudiano, he says: ‘Silius vero cum defunctum in Ovidio, Lucano, Statio, Silo Italico, cuius in bello divitem avarum dixisset, hos edidit lucem revocandi auctor extitisti, nisi omnes versus’ and then quotes Punica V 261-267 : eos suo splendore dignitate admiratione unus ... modo quem Fortuna fovendo / CongesVirgilius obumbrasset’.4® (Cf. Pietro Tom- tis opibus donisque refersit opimis / Nudum masi’s remark, made in a letter of c. 1419 to Tartarea portabit navita cymba.® Guarino and referring presumably to the art Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) shows

of Silius, Statius, and others who had been familiarity with Silius. There are several recently discovered: ‘... qui meo iuditio quotations from the Punica in the Intfer-

sine multa nostra iactura adhuc latere po- coenales, which Alberti worked at over many tuissent’.) Poggio’s reply was his famous years from his youth to c. 1438.58

Defensiuncula contra Guarinum Veronensem, TT

actually addressed to Francesco Barbaro. ton 1955) I 51-54, If 391-394 (on a letter of 1440 Here Poggio notes that Latin authors from of Pietro del Monte, a former pupil of Guarino, but Livy, Valerius Maximus, Seneca, and Silius siding with Poggio in the debate), 465-468 and to St. Augustine all testify to Scipio’s virtues Walser, op. cif., 164-171 (the debate proper), and great services to the state. He says of 171-173 (continuation of the debate by Ciriaco Silius (p. 368): ‘Silius quoque Italicus cum of Ancona with an epistula Caesarea against PogCaesarem multa cognosceret gessisse ex gio and by Pietro del Monte).

quibus suum poema ordiri potuisset, tamen 52. See Poggii Florentini... opera... (Basel

quia sciebat virtutibus fere vacuata et in 1538, reprinted Turin 1964) 1-31 at 31. perniciem patriae redacta, Scipionem dele- 53. Cf. E. Garin, ‘ Venticinque Intercenali inedite git, in quem cum propter eius praeclara in e sconosciute di Leon Battista Alberti’, Belfagor patriam merita multas laudes congessisset, XIX (1964) 377-396 at 380. For Alberti’s text tandem in fine sui operis cum meritis et with the Silian quotations see E. Garin, ‘Leon laudibus aequat Romulo et Camillo, alteri Battista Alberti: Alcune intercenali inedite’,

conditori Urbis, alteri restitutori’.®! Rinascimento ser. 2, IV (1964) 125-258 (= Qua-

———— derni di Rinascimento, 1965, 9-142). On p. 193 49. See R. Sabbadini, Epistolario di Guarino (= 77) in the part Fatum et pater infelix of Book Veronese II (Venice 1916) 221-254 (No. 670) at VIII, Sil. V 406-407 are quoted with slight varia-

224, tions (the passage is not assigned by Garin; Al50. Sabbadini, op. cif. I (Venice 1915) 664-666 berti does not refer it to Silius but says : ut sapientes

(No. 474A) at 665. aiunt), Si). ITI 134-135 are cited with variations ol. For the documents see Poggii Florenti- (the passage is assigned by Garin, though his ni... opera. .. (Basel 1538, reprinted Turin 1964) lemma has Sylvius for Silius; Alberti says: uf 357-365 (letter to Scipione Mainenti), 365-390 inguit Sylius), and Sil. V 75-76 are quoted with (the defensiuncula), 356-357 (letter to Francesco igiftur added and superum instead of superi (the Barbaro accompanying the defensiuncula ; also in passage is unassigned by Alberti, though Garin’s T. de Tonellis, Poggii Epistolae II (Florence 1859, punctuation suggests attribution by Alberti to reprinted Turin 1963) 9-11 (Lib. V, Ep. II) and E. Herodotus ; it is assigned correctly by Garin).

Walser, Poggius Florentinus: Leben und Werke On p. 204 (= 88) in Book IX: Naufragus the (Leipzig-Berlin 1914) 437-438 (ined. 9, reprinted sentence with ‘Silio poete ut assentiar’ may posin Poggius Bracciolini, Opera omnia, IV (Turin sibly contain an echo of Sil. II 620 as Garin states, 1969) 441-442) (letter to Leonello d’Este accom- but Garin has missed Sil. II 472-473 in the next panying the defensiuncula). For description and sentence (the passage is exactly quoted, and with discussion of the controversy see H. Baron, The enim added, by Alberti; Garin’s punctuation spoils Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance. . . (Prince- the sense). 300

SILIUS ITALICUS

At least by the 1450’s university lectures (by Petrus Marsus) appeared; this edition on Silius were being given. Petrus Odus was reprinted at least three times.*4

Montopolitanus, who succeeded Valla at >

the Studio in Rome in 1457, lectured on 54. The 15th-century editions : Silius there, though maybe for only one 1471, n.b. April 5, Rome : Sweynheym and Panyear in the period 1457-1462. But there are nartz ; ed. Giovanni Andrea Bussi. (H *14733, Goff traces of lecturing on the Punica (we do not S-503). There are copies containing also the text know the names of the Jecturers) before that of Calpurnius SicuJus and of the Latin version of period ; see our account of anonymous com- Hesiod’s Opera et dies by Nicolaus de Valle. The mentators A-D below, pp. 365-69. (In 1464 three works were ‘evidently intended to form one

Galeotto Marzio, then professor of rhetoric whole’ (BMC IV 13). and poetry in the Studio Bolognese, invokes 1471, c. April 26, Rome : Georg. Lauer, ut putaSeveral verses of Silius to correct a false tur ; ed. Pomponius Laetus. (H 14734, Goff S-504

quantity recurring in Francesco Filelfo’s cf. BMC IV 42). Sphortias. For their exchange of invectives (1474, Rome. Doubtful. Not in Hain, but listed and for Filelfo’s quest for the Silius Ms. of Bar- by Fabricius BL II 174).

tolomeo da Montepulciano see Delz I 14-22 (1480, Rome. Doubtful. Listed by Fabricius and nn. 14-15). Petrus Marsus in the dedicato- ibid). (H._ 14735). ry epistle to his edition of Silius with com- (Cf. Ruperti I, p. Ivi for the problem of these two mentary (Venice 1483) lists as those who had editions and his theory that N. Heinsius’ readings expounded Silius before himself Petrus Mon- from a Roman edition are from one or the other

topolita and then his own teachers Pompo- of them). nius [Laetus} and Domitius [Calderinus] ; 1481, November 7, Milan: A. Zarothus; ed. see below, pp. 387. It is likely that Pompo- P. I. Philelphus. (H 14736, Goff S-505). nius commented on Silius while he was in 1481, November 16, Parma: ‘Printer of Jerome, Venice in 1467-68, just before he was deport- Epistolae, 1480’(BMC VIII 942) rather than ed to Rome and imprisoned ; he was doing Andreas Portilia. (H 14737, Goff S-506).

some copying of or commenting on the 1483, Venice: Baptista de Tortis; with Petrus Punica while he was a prisoner in the Castel Marsus’ commentary. (H 14739, Goff S-507). S. Angelo in 1468-69 ; he lectured on that (c. 1490, Venice: I. de Paganinis Brixiensis ;

poem at the Studio after his return to his with Petrus Marsus’ commentary. Doubtful.) professorial chair there c. 1470. Domizio (H 14738). Calderini was appointed professor of rhetoric 1492, Venice: Bonetus Locatellus for Octavia-

at the Studio in 1470 and lectured on the nus Scotus Modoetiensis; with Petrus Marsus’ Punica there during the three-year period commentary. (H *14740, Goff S-508). 1470-73, expounding the whole work; he 1493, Venice: Iohannes Tacuinus ; with Petrus prepared his lecture notes for publication, Marsus’ commentary. (H 14741, Goff S-509). but they apparently never got into print. (1495, Venice ; with Pius’ commentary. DoubtThe long list of printed editions of the ful.) (H_ 14742). Punica begins in 1471. The editio princeps For the history of the printed text and lists of came out in that year in Rome; it was editions see Fabricius BL II 174-177 (editions quickly edited by Giovanni Andrea Bussi, through 1717) and several of the editions themBishop of Aleria, (‘recognitionem absolvit selves, esp. those of A. Drakenborch (Utrecht 1717), diebus circiter XV’) and printed by Sweyn- Praefatio ; G. A. Ruperti (2 vols., Géttingen 1795-

heym and Pannartz. In the same city and 1798) I xli-lv (Praefatio Drakenborchii) Iv-Ixx the same year (in fact, only a few weeks later) (editions through 1791); and N. E. Lemaire (2 a better edition, prepared by Pomponius vols., Paris 1823) II 432-446 (Praefatio DrakenborLaetus, was published. The year 1481 saw chii), 446-462 (editions as in Ruperti and continued two more editions: one by Petrus Justinus through 1797). For a list of all the editions through Philelfus came out in Milan and one by an Petrucci’s of 1947 see M. von Albrecht, Silius Itali-

unknown editor in Parma. At Venice in cus: Freiheit und Gebundenheit rémischer Epik 1483 the first edition with a commentary (Amsterdam 1964) 215-220. 351

LATIN AUTHORS

For the university courses of Fonzio and Orationes, Praelectiones, Praefattones et quae-

Volsco on the Punica in the 1480’s and for dam Mythicae Historiae Philippi Beroaldi

the possibility that Faccino and Cynthius (which are followed by items by other

Cenetensis were commenting on it within authors and more items by Beroaldo) ; we

that period see below, pp. 396-98 (12. Doubt- have seen it in the following editions of this

ful commentaries. a-d). collection: Paris 1508, sig. avii-biv ; Paris There is evidence for a good deal of 1509 (a Magistro Johanne Galthero), fols.

lecturing on Silius at Bologna in the late vii-ixY ; Basel 1509, sig. Av’-AviiY ; Basel

15th and early 16th centuries. 1515, fols. v’-vii¥ ; Paris 1524, fols. vii-ixv.58

Philippus Beroaldus (Filippo Beroaldo or Beroaldo also quotes incidentally from Silius Beroaldi) the Elder (1453-1505) interpreted in his Annotationes in Servium, sec. 28 and Livy and Silius Italicus during at least one Appendix annotamentorum, chap. XX; see

academic year between 1472 and 1475 or below, p. 355. between 1479 and 1491. His commentary In the oration the two ancient authors on these authors may not have been pub- are compared, but much more attention is lished ; we have not been able to find it, given to Livy than to Silius; for instance,

in any case. Some, if not all, of it is perhaps the remarks on Silius are all on sig. bi-biv meant by the items cited by Alidosi :*° °13 of the Paris 1508 edition of the Orationes, In Liuium lib. a 6 [correct to ab] origine Praelectiones...: CGeterum cum. sapientis vrbis, & praecipue I. 4. 8. 22. 28’ and °35 In sit servire temporibus, nos quoque temporiStluium [sic] Italicum’. What we have seen, bus his serviamus, quibus cum arma vIhowever, is the oration introductory to geant, bella horrida perstrepant, cum omnis his lectures on Livy and Silius ; it is extant Italia bellicis tumultibus saeviat. .. idoin many printings. We have seen it first neum esse videtur ut scriptores eos potissiin a collection of Beroaldo’s writings (ora- mum legamus qui bella describunt. . . Ambo tions, etc.) Bologna 1491, sig. avii-bii (H eadem bella facundissime narrantes_ ille *2949); then Paris 1499, sig. bii-bv (HC soluta oratione, hic versu heroico, qui non

*2954) and Bologna 1500, sig. biii-bvili minus historicus quam poeta iudicandus (H *2955).°” It regularly appears also in est, qui stilo cothurnato et charactere gran-

OT diloquo tonare ac fulminare videtur... 55. For Beroaldo’s career; his beginning to Sed quid plura2? Livii et Silii facundia, enn metric and Ear i Ue Stadio of Balog vires, ingenfum, eruditio, cateraeque vr

—_ — tutes eximie sese nobis quotidiana enarra-

Parma, Milan, and Paris in 1475-78 ; etc. see A. tione exhibebunt. . .

Corradi, Notizie sui professori di latinita nello

studio di Bologna. ..in R. Deputazione di Storia ne

patria per le provincie di Romagna, Documenti G. M. Mazzuchelli, Gli scritiori d'Italia II, 2 e Studi II (Bologna, 1886) 353-529 at 471-78; (Brescia 1760) 1011: ‘Oraliones ec. Philippi BeU. Dallari (ed.), Z rotuli dei lettori. .. dello studio realdi. Parisiis apud Roee [correct to Roce] 1490. bolognese dal 1384 al 1799 I (Bologna 1888); L. Lugduni 1490. e 1492. in 4.’ ; it is not in GW. Frati, ‘I due Beroaldi’, Biblioteca de ‘L’ Archigin- 58. For other editions of the Orationes, Praenasio’, Ser. I, Vol. II: Studi e Memorie per la lectiones... and for other collections of Beroaldo’s Storia dell’ Universita di Bologna II (Bologna 1911) works which may contain the oration in question 207-228 at 210; M. Gilmore, ‘Beroaldo, Filippo, see Mazzuchelli, loc. cit.; G. Fantuzzi, Notizie degli senior’, Dizionario biografico degli Italiani IX scrittori bolognesi 11 (Bologna 1782 ; reprinted ibid. (1967) 382-384 at 382; and G. Zaccagnini, Storia 1965) 121-122 ; and Index Aureliensis, prima pars,

delio Studio di Bologna durante il Rinascimento A/12 (1969) 86-98. The reference in M. Lipen, (Geneva 1930) 122-128. See also the biobibliogra- Bibliotheca realis philosophica {not theologica with

phy of Beroaldo p. 188 above. Mazzuchelli and Fantuzzi] I (Frankfurt am Main 56. G. N. P. Alidosi, J (or Li) dottorit bolognesi 1682; reprinted Hildesheim 1967) 666 to Paris di teologia, filosofia...(Bologna 1623) 64 and 65. 1573 for our oration may be to a printing of it by

57. A 1490 printing may be a ‘ghost’ despite itself. 352

SILIUS ITALICUS

Ioannes Baptista Pius (Giambattista Pio) incidentally in at least one other chapter : (15th and 16th centuries) of Bologna gave a Punica II 336 in Chap. XXXV ; and very course on Silius and Livy in that city. He early in the dedicatory epistle to Francesco refers to the lecturing on Silius in Chapter Soderini Punica III 145 is quoted and then CLV (CLVI in Gruterus) of his Annotationes followed by a paraphrase from Pliny, Ep. posteriores (or Annotationes linguae Latinae III 7, the letter which is the main source for Graecaeque) : Ego publico auditorio Bononiae the life of Silius. The three chapters are, in Sillum anno praesenti enodans docui... Ascensius’ edition, XX XI (fols. CXXIITI¥-

The introduction (in hexameters) to the CXXIV): Silii Italici carmen enarratum de course is called Praefatio De re mitlitari Mamertinis (on Punica I 662-664), CLV habita in principio enarrationis Silit Ita- (fol. CLVIIT): Disceptatum numquid ba-

lici et Titi Livii De secundo punico bello; lista Phocais vocetur a Silio propter populos it is contained in the Praefafiones Gymnasti- Massilienses simulque carmen Italici discae Ioannis Baptistae Pii Bononiensis alii- cussum contra omnium hactenus opiniogue varii sermones (Bologna 1522; Panzer nem (on I 335) (here Pio says : Ego publico VI 333, 117), pp. 58-63. How often this set auditorio. .. docui balistam Phocaida dici of lectures was given we do not know. The simpliciter pro Saguntina, and elaborates year specified in the Annotationes posteriores his argument with references to Silius’ might be 1505, when those notes seem to allusive manner), and CXCII (fol. CLXIVY) :

have been printed for the first time. But Evalidum modice validum significare carit might be somewhat earlier if these Anno- men Italici emendatum. Inibique aliud tationes were published without much re- eiusdem relatum ad interiorem leonum movision from lecture notes that Pio had had rem (on I 552, 553-555 ; to explain the action

on hand for some time, but doubtless not of Hannibal in vss. 553-555 and justify before 1496, when the Annotationes priores reading adversus, not aversus, in vs. 559 Pio

were apparently first published.®® invokes Pliny’s description in NH VITT 50 Pio refers to and quotes from Silius in at of the courage shown in danger by lions).

least one other of his praefationes, the Retractationes to the Annoftationes pos-

Praefatio habita in enarratione Epistolarum teriores are found at the end (sigs. &vY and Ciceronis ad Atticum et Silvarum Statii, &vi) of the Lucretius with Pio’s commentary,

op. cil., pp. 6V-7. Bologna 1511 and Paris 1514.

The Silian notes of Pio are on three Pio’s notes on Silius show a concern with

isolated passages of the Punica and make up the whole poem, its worth, and the diffi-

three of the 205 or more chapters of the culties in it. Chapter XXXI, for instance, Annotationes posteriores. (Both Ascensius begins: Silius Italicus duriusculus a plerisand Gruterus have errors in the numbering que omnibus poeta nuncupatur, quem censet

at various points and seem to have lost a Caecilius Plinius versus maiore cura quam chapter or two. Ascensius has also after his ingenio composuisse. Ego heroicae gravita-

Chap. CL, but not affecting the numbering, tis cum epigrammatico vate nec omnino Pio’s notes on Cicero’s Lucullus, which is insuavem reor. At acerbam immitemque called ad MHortensium). Silius is quoted aspredinem illi afferunt frequentes maculae,

Te ee quibus penitus obruitur. Whether Pio 59. For the various years, beginning with 1494- planned a commentary on the whole Punica

95, when he was professor of rhetoric and poetry at or an edition of it is not known. In any Bologna see Dallari, op. cif., I and II (Bologna 1888 case, there is no good evidence for the and 1889). For his having started to lecture at the existence of an edition of Silius with a com-

age of 19 see Ann. Post., Chap. XIII, which is mentary by Pio (H 14742). As Fabricius concerned with Persius, not Sidonius, pace Fantuz- observes (BL II 177), ‘similiter [he has zi ; but the date of his birth is uncertain. For more just referred to a catalogue of Mss. where details about him see Corradi, op. cit., 484-487 ; Silius’ name got in by mistake for that of W. B. Fleischmann, CTC II 351, 356-359 (with Statius) frustra aliquis quaerat Silium cum bibliography) ; and Zaccagnini, op. cit., 120. commentariis Pii, qui in Bibliothecae Bar393

LATIN AUTHORS

berinae Catalogo [Rome 1681 ; II 387] memo- lectures of that set), one to Boethius, and ratur editus Venetiis 1495. fol’. The Bar- one to Juvenal and Valerius Maximus.

berini entry may possibly be due to confu- In the first of these introductions Iacobus sion of Pio’s lecturing on Silius, or composing gives more attention to Silius in relation to notes on selected passages, with an edition ; Livy than Beroaldo did ; among other things but perhaps it is rather a mistaken descrip- he provides a certain amount of information

tion of some book, printed or manuscript, about Silius’ life. The praelectio is in Asand has nothing to do with Silius or Pius. censius, op. cit., fols. cxcviiiY-cc, with the Pio’s Annofationes posteriores were printed Silian material oncc:... Silii Italici Punica

at Bologna in 1505 (Panzer VI 324, 43), at exponere et enarrare hoc anno constituiParis in 1511 in the Annotationes doctorum mus... opus ingquam evigilatum et accuvirorum of Badius Ascensius (with Pio’s tissime [sic] elaboratum. Namque in prima Annotationes priores and works of other aetate Silius facundissime declamavit, clienauthors such as the Annotata in varios and tibus affuit, in foro centumvirale [sic] exerPraelectiones variae of Iacobus a Cruce) cuit... Ad carmen dehinec conversus cum (Panzer VII 552, 444), and in Janus Grute- urbe relicta Neapolim secessisset, Maronem rus, Lampas sive Fax artium liberalium I religiosissime coluit...Cumque aetas ho(Frankfurt am Main 1602) 386-583 (with the minis in senium vergeret, historiam Hanni-

Annotationes priores on pp. 353-386). balis et Scipionis maluit ore ingenti deto-

Pio refers to the Annofationes posteriores nare quam fabulas veteres et nimis antiquas

at the end of the dedicatory epistle as referre. Et mehercule eo opus hoc ceteris

annotamenta (haec quantulacumque anno- excellentius est et augustius quo bellum hoc tamenta nostra inculta fortassis et rudia), Punicum quod Hannibale duce Carthag. cum

and they are so titled on the fly-leaf of the P. R. gessere maximum et difficillimum 1505 edition. But this is also found for reliqua antecellit et praeponderat, quanto-

another work of Pio’s, the Annotamenta in que senilis aetas in qua haec cecinit iuvenili Plautum, Sidonium, Fulgentium (Panzer VI impetu gravior est et pensitatior. Silio ad324, 42 and presumably H 13025). For more iungemus T. Livium.. . details about Pio’s writings see Fabricius Tacobus’ Silian notes make up one chapter

BLMA V 286 and Fleischmann, loc. cit. or section (no. 9 according to Gruterus’

Iacobus a Cruce (Giacopo dalla Croce) Index scriptorum locorumque) of his Anno(d. c. 1527) of Bologna lectured on Silius tata (or Annotationes) in varios. Five isolatand Livy in that city and completed a few ed passages of the Punica are discussed notes on Silius. This lecturing may have there: I 66-67, 56-57, 89, 273-275, and ITI been for an academic year or more than one. 22-23 ; Silius is cited incidentally in at least We do not know the exact year or years. one other place in the Annoftata (chan. 20, But it was doubtless 1495 at the earliest.*! ‘in Donatum’, for the etymology of Bono-

Of his lectures we have only the intro- nia). ductory one to three sets: the Praelectio in Iacobus may not have given a title to Livium et Silium Italicum (although his his remarks on various Latin authors; in extant notes on Silius may derive from later the dedicatory epistle to Anton Galeazzo

TT Bentivoglio he refers to them as annotfa60. For other Latin and vernacular forms of his tiunculae et observationes. They were gener-

name see Fantuzzi, op. cif. ITI (1783) 232-233. ally cited as Annotata (or Annotationes) in 61. For lacobus’ career ; for 1495-96 as the first varios or in Ovidium, in Virgilium, in Peryear of his teaching grammar, rhetoric, and poetry sium. ..(in various arrangements of the and no longer just grammar pro quarteriis ; for authors’ names).62 To call them Annota-

1527-28 as his last appointment at the Studio of $$$

Bologna; and for 1528 as the last possible year 62. M. E. Cosenza’s reference to Annofationes in which he was still alive see Corradi, op. cit., priores et posteriores (Biographical and_ Biblio487-489 ; Dallari, op. cit., II 53 ; Fantuzzi, loc. cit. ; graphical Dictionary of the Italian Humanists...

and Zaccagnini, op. cit., 121-122. (6 vols., Boston 1962-67) IIT 1800, also I 524 s.v. 304

SILIUS ITALICUS

fiones centum (Cosenza and Malagola, locc. (Philomusus Suevus) in the Sfultifera Navis citt.) or Annotationes centum in varios Au- (1497), his Latin adaptation of the Narrenthores (Fantuzzi, op. cit., III 236, referring schiff of his teacher and patron Sebastian

to Bumaldi, Biblioth. Bononien.) may be Brant. The part called Concertatio Virright. Iacobus is so prone to comment on futis cum Voluptate of the Stultifera Navis passages just incidentally (cf. in the Silian shows much verbal borrowing from an chapter ‘Necnon in transcursu locum in episode of the Punica (XV 18-128). That

quarto Metamorphoseos corrigimus. . .’) that episode is Silius’ version of the old story of it is hard to say precisely how many count Hercules’ Choice, with Scipio substituted for

towards the total and the title. But what Hercules. Silius, Locher, and the woodcuts is more likely to be correct is Centum et accompanying the Concertfatio have apsexaginta Annotationes in varios auctores ; parently influenced a painting of the young

this is what appears on the fly-leaf of the Raphael, which Panofsky would call ‘The Bologna 1503 edition, and the distich on Choice of the young Scipio Africanus’ sig. FiiivY of that edition begins : Haec sexa- rather than ‘The Dream of the Knight’.®

ginta et Centum observata Iacobi. In Fa- The many 16th-century editions of the bricius BLMA IV 10 Mansi refers to this line Punica present little in the way of exegesis

as proof that there are 160 ‘animadver- (Petrus Marsus’ commentary is reprinted siones’, but he quotes it with a redundant once, and Hermannus Buschius’ scholia centum that is apparently a printer’s error. are printed three times) and much that is Tacobus’ notes and praelectiones were problematical textually.“ The first of the

printed together at Bologna in 1503 (Pan- —_-—-

zer IX 411, 27b; cf. Fantuzzi, loc. cit.). 63. For the editions, translations, and adapta-

They are both found in Ascensius, op. cit., tions of the Narrenschiff see E. H. Zeydel, The fols. clxxxv-ce (the chapter of Silian notes Ship of Fools by Sebastian Brant... (Records of on cxciii’-cxciv). The notes without the Civilization : Sources and Studies 36, New York praelectiones are in Gruterus, op. cit., I 648- 1944) 21-31. Brant tells the story of Hercules’

697. . Choice (from Basil the Great) as an exemplum in

Many writers and scholars in the late Chap. 107, Von lon der wisheit, of the Narrenschiff ; 15th and in the 16th centuries quote Silius it does not appear in the corresponding chapter of incidentally or discuss a passage from his Locher, who omitted it there because of his Conpoem. See the references to Silius in the certatio coming later. See in E. Panofsky, Hercules

Indices to Gruterus, op. cit., I-V. In the am Scheidewege...(Studien der Bibliothek WarIndex to the first volume, for example, in burg XVIII, Leipzig-Berlin 1930) esp. 39-40 (acaddition to Ioannes Baptista Pius’ Anno- count of the woodcuts in the various editions and tationes post. and the notes of Iacobus a translations of the Navis), 53-54 (Basil as the source Cruce the following works are cited: the of Brant’s account of the Choice), 70-75 (parallels Annotationes in Servium and Appendix from Silius and the Concertatio), 86-97 (connections annotamentorum of Philippus Beroaldus, between the Stultifera Navis and the Hercules the Auctarium of Pius Antonius Bartolinus, play (1512) of ‘Arvianotor’, who was probably the De rebus per epistolam quaesitis of A. Brant ; Schwenter’s Histori Herculis (1515) largeIanus Parrhasius, the Collectanea of Lucius ly a translation from ‘Arvianotor’), pls. 17-19. Ioannes Scoppa, the Centuria of Ptolomaeus See also D. Wuttke, Die Histori Herculis des Flavius Anconitanus, and the Miscellanea Niirnberger Humanisten... Pangratz Bernhaubt

of Angelus Politianus. gen. Schwenter (Beihefte zum Archiv fir Kultur-

An instance of familiarity with Silius in geschichte 7, Cologne-Graz 1964) passim, esp. 120northern Europe is supplied by Jacob Locher 129 (Enea Silvio Piccolomini and Hercules’ Choice ;

$$ possible influence from Piccolomini or even the

Bentivolus, Antonius Galeatius), taken from C. Punica itself on Raphael rather than from Locher ; Malagola,... Antonio Urceo. . .(Bologna 1878) 244) a parallel between Schwenter and Silius). must be due to confusion with the notes by Giam- 64. The 16th-century editions:

battista Pio. 1504, Leipzig: Martinus Herbipolensis (Martin 399

LATIN AUTHORS

series is the Leipzig edition of 1504, contain- Benessa omnes cum saeculi XV. tum XVI.

ing Buschius’ argumenta to each book of the editores superavit. Cf. Praef. Drakenb.’ poem but not his scholia. An edition was He condemns (ibid.) the edition prepared by brought out in Paris in 1508 without notes. Ambrosius Nicander that issued from the Another came out there in 1512 with Petrus Juntine Press the next year and laments, as Crinitus’ Vifa of the poet (which had first Drakenborch had before him, that it formed appeared in his De poetis Latinis libri V in the basis of the Aldine text of 1523 ; further1505) and Marsus’ commentary. At Lyons more, he explains, other editors followed in 1514 B. Troth published an edition prepar- that text, so that interpolation was rampant ed by Damianus Benessa. Ruperti gives it in Silius until Drakenborch’s edition, despite high praise (I, p. lix) : ‘Post editionem Pom- some good efforts in the 16th and 17th cenponii optima inter veteres, si fides habenda turies at improvement : ‘Nicander inconsulLefeb. {i.e. Lefebvre de Villebrune] qui eam ta et temeraria mutandi corrigendique libicontulit. Critica certe cura et subtilitate dine Siliani carminis contextum quavis fere

————__-——_——_. pagina foede conrupit. Vide Varr. Lectt. et

Landsberg of Wiirzburg); with Hermannus Bu- Praefat. Drakenborch. Nihilo secius eius

schius’ argumenta. vestigia legit Aldus, quem deinde Nutius 1508, Paris : Radulphus Laliseau. aliique secuti sunt. Quo factum est, ut inter1512, Paris : Nicolaus de Pratis, for Poncius Pro- polatio grassaretur in omnes fere editiones

bus (Ponset le Preux) and Franciscus Regnault ; ante Drakenb. typis expressas, qui primus with Petrus Marsus’ commentary and Petrus Cri- cuncta quasi vulnera a Nicandro carmini

nitus’ Vita. inflicta sanavit, totque maculas ei adsper1514 (perhaps also 1513 ; cf. Baudrier VIII 425), sas, delevit ; etsi iam ante eum opera CarLyons : Bartholomeus Troth ; ed. Damianus Benes- rionis, Modii, Barthii et Dan. Heinsii non

sa. infeliciter in emaculando Silio stabuloque, 1515, Florence : Philippus Iunta ; ed. Ambrosius ut ita dicam, Augiae purgando versata est’. Nicander, with his Vita and catalepses. In 1522 an edition appeared in Basel with 1522, Basel: Thomas Volfius ; with Hermannus the marginal scholia of Buschius for the first

Buschius’ argumenta and scholia. time and with his argumenta. The scholia

1523, Venice ; Aldus and Andreas Asulanus ; ed. are described on the titlepage as ‘quae vice Franciscus Asulanus; with Petrus Crinitus’ Vita. uberis commentarii esse possunt’, but they 1531, Paris : Simon Colinaeus ; with Hermannus are scarcely that and often not much more

Buschius’ argumenta and scholia. than captions or summaries of the narrative.

1543, Basel: Henricus Petrus ; with Hermannus The Aldine edition was the first one to give

Buschius’ argumenta and scholia. the verses VIII 144-223 (cf. above, p. 348

1547, Lyons: Sebastianus Gryphius ; ed. Fran- and n. 41), which were printed in practically

ciscus Asulanus ; with Petrus Crinitus’ Vila. all editions after that. Both the Paris edi-

1551, Lyons: Sebastianus Gryphius ; ed. Fran- tion of 1531 and the Basel one of 1543 have ciscus Asulanus ; with Petrus Crinitus’ Vita. Buschius’ argumenta and scholia. 1566, Antwerp: Philippus Nutius ; ed. Francis- During this period of the early 16th-

cus Asulanus; with Petrus Crinitus’ Vita. century editions knowledge of Silius was

1568, Antwerp: Philippus Nutius ; ed. Francis- not confined to professional scholars ; there

cus Asulanus; with Petrus Crinitus’ Vita. are various indications of his finding a place 1578, Lyons: Antonius Gryphius ; with Herman- in general or polite education. There is a nus Buschius’ argumenta, Ambrosius Nicander’s life of him in the encyclopedia-like work of catalepses, and Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus’ Vita. Raffaelo Maffei of Volterra, the Commen1598, Lyons [Geneva] : Antonius Candidus (An- fariorum urbanorum libri XXX VIII (first toine Blanc) ; with Hermannus Buschius’ argumenta edition, Rome 1506); see below, p. 363.

and Ambrosius Nicander’s catalepses. There is a large section devoted to Silius in 1600, Leyden : Christophorus Raphelengius ; ed. Octavianus Mirandula’s book of quotations,

Daniel Heinsius, with his notes, the Crepundia the Viridarium illustrium poetarum, which

Siliana, of 1601 appended. went through several editions (first edition, 306

SILIUS ITALICUS

Venice 1507) and had an even greater vogue Ludovicus Carrion (Louis Carrion) (c. in its later form as a collection of sententiae, 1547-1595), born at Bruges, edited a number

the Illustrium poetarum flores (first edition, of Latin texts and published several other Strassburg 1538). Silius is even mentioned works. One of these is his Emendationum in Castiglione’s Cortegiano, which is supposed et observationum libri II1(Antwerp 1576, Paris

to represent conversations held at the ducal 1583), with each book divided into 19 chappalace in Urbino in 1507.8 As for England, ters. Here, along with discussion of many ‘Vives recommends’ Silius ‘in the plan of other ancient authors, Silius is often studied studies which he wrote for the young Charlies and his text emended from the Coloniensis Mountjoy in 1523’; and Sir Thomas Elyot (though Carrion ‘minus triginta poétae locos in his book on education, The Gouernour sanavit’, whereas Modius emended ‘pluri(1531), says: ‘The two noble poetis, Silius mos’ — Bauer, op. cit., [n. 30], Vol. I, p. ix). and Lucane, be very expedient to be lerned’, This work of Carrion’s is in Gruterus, op. cit.,

the first of these because he ‘setteth out the III, 2 (1604) 90-185 and in the incomplete emulation in qualities and prowesse of two new edition of Gruterus, published in Italy, noble and valiant capitaynes. .. Scipio the IV (Naples 1751) 126-215. See the chapter

Romane, and Haniball duke of Cartagi- headings to Carrion’s text and Gruterus’

nensis’.6? There is an account of Silius in Index auctorum locorumque for the Silian Lilio Gregorio Giraldi’s Historiae poetarum material.

fam Graecorum quam Latinorum dialogi Franciscus Modius (Francois Modius) decem (first edition, Basel 1545), and Silius (1556-1597), born at Oudenbourg near is alluded to and quoted in his Historiae Bruges, published commentaries on several deorum gentilium syntagmata XVII (first Latin authors and wrote many other works. edition, Basel 1548) ; see below, pp. 363-64. One of these is his Novantiguae lectiones Editions of Silius printed by Sebastianus (Frankfurt am Main 1584). It is a vast work,

Gryphius at Lyons in 1547 and 1551 re- a discussion of passages in many Latin

produced the Aldine text and Crinitus’ Vita. authors, with much reference to textual Special mention should be made of Carrion problems, in the form of 133 letters (or and Modius, who prepared collations of the ‘tributae in epistolas centum, et quod exCologne Ms. between 1564 and 1584 and are currit’, as Gruterus has it). In 40 letters 242

our sole authorities for its readings; cf. passages of the Punica are discussed and

also below, p. 359.% emended, or added to our text, from the

Sn Coloniensis ;° two Silian passages are also 65. See below, p. 358 for how common a school emended from that Ms. in Modius’ edition of text the Flores were later in the century in England. Curtius Rufus (1579) and five in his edition 66. It was first printed in 1528. The mention of of Livy (1588). Modius gave his information Silius is in Book I, Chap. 38: In a discussion of about the readings of the Coloniensis to the language and style Messer Federico recommends scholarly world in this way, though he had imitating the best authors, Petrarch and Boccaccio originally planned to publish an annotated

in Italian rather than others, just as in Latin one edition of Silius.“4. The Novantiquae lecshould try to imitate the language of Virgil and tiones are reprinted in Gruterus, op. cit., V Cicero rather than that of Silius and Tacitus ; the 1-339.

Conte then raises the question whether the language ooo of Silius and Tacitus is greatly different from that 69. Cf. the account of him by A. H. McDonald,

of67. See Virgil and Cicero. CTC II 347-348. } E. L. Bassett, ‘Silius Italicus in Eng- 70. The 40 letters are listed in Lehmann, op.

land’, Classical Philology XLVIII (1953) 155-168 cit., 97 n. 5 and von Albrecht, op. cit., 230 ; cf. also

at68.155-156. Gruterus’ marginalia. For details about this Ms. and their use of it 71. The Silius Italicus de 24° bello punico factus a

see Blass, op. cit.; Delz I 136 ff. and nn. ; and P. Modio M.S., cited in the library catalogue of Lehmann, Franciscus Modius als Handschriften- Richard de Pan, is lost ; cf. Lehmann, op. cit., 97

forscher (Munich 1908) 96-98. and 98 with n. 1.

357

LATIN AUTHORS

In Antwerp in 1566 and 1568 Philippus Joseph Justus Scaliger’s father, Julius Nutius brought out editions of Silius that Caesar Scaliger, was perhaps largely rereproduced the Aldine text_and Crinitus’ sponsible for the disfavor which Silius has Vita. Many emendations of Silius were often encountered. As von Albrecht notes :”8 proposed by the Antwerp canon Johannes ‘Gehorte es doch seit Scaligers “Poetik” zum Livineius (c. 1549-1599). He did not publish guten Ton, keine hohe Meinung von Silius

these but entered them in his copy of the zu haben’. Julius Caesar Scaliger in his

Basel 1543 edition of the Punica (which is Poetices libri septem (1561) wrote thus of now in Wolfenbiittel). This is the book from Silius: “Antequam Statium aggrediamur, which Nicolaus Heinsius copied them down ; Silium expediamus. quem equidem posand though he says of them: ‘ea satis sunt tremum bonorum poetarum existimo: quin ieluna, ut quod res est, dicam’, he did not ne poetam quidem, non nervos, non numedisdain to cite some of them as his own. ros, non spiritum habet. adeo vero ab omni

Finally, they appear in print in Draken- venere alienus est, ut nullus invenustior borch’s edition.” Petrus Paganus (Peter sit...’ Still, Silius was commended as well Dorfheilge(r)) expounded some of Silius’ as condemned in the later 16th century. poem, perhaps only the first book, at Mar- ‘The Elizabethan schoolboy became someburg, where he was a professor from 1561 to what familiar with Silius in two ways: either 1576 ; his exposition, dated 1567, of the first directly through the occasional provision

book is one of the items bound together as made for reading some of the Punica in Ms. Bernensis 663; see below, pp. 392-93. the upper forms of a few schools or, more In Lyons in 1578 Antonius Gryphius printed often, indirectly through some such anthol-

an edition of Silius containing Buschius’ ogy as the Flores of Octavianus Mirandula argumenta, Nicander’s catalepses, and Gy- read at an earlier stage... Mr. T. W. Baldraldus’ Vita. The section of the Punica on win has made an elaborate study of how Scipio’s Choice was printed in Paris in 1595 common a grammar school text it was in by Federicus Morellus under the title Dia- Shakespeare’s youth’.”* Francis Meres in logismus seu colloquium Voluptatis et Virtu- his Palladis Tamia (London 1598) cites tis cum Scipione Afric. ex Silii Italict poetae Virgil, Ovid, Horace, Silius, Lucan, Lucrelib. XV. In 1598 in Geneva, though with a tius, Ausonius, and Claudian as superlative

Lyons imprint, Antonius Candidus brought Latin authors.”

out an edition of Silius with Buschius’ The Bipontine edition of the Punica argumenta and Nicander’s catalepses. The (1784) contains (pp. x-xvili) an Index Edi-

Leyden edition of 1600 was prepared by tionum C. Silit ZItalici divided into four

Daniel Heinsius and is especially important periods: Aetas I Natalis 1471-1514 ; Aetas because, on Joseph Justus Scaliger’s recom- Il Juntino-Aldina 1515-1600; Aetas III mendation, he used in preparing his text the Modio-Heinsiana 1600-1695; Aetas IV Celvariant readings of the Coloniensis reported lario-Drakenborchiana 1695-1781. Aetas ITI

by Modius in his Novantiquae lectiones. A

Heinsius’ printer, Raphelengius, begged him 73. Won Albrecht, op. cit., 10. See his whole secto produce some explanatory notes to the tion (pp. 9-14) on the reputation of Silius through text also ; Heinsius promptly complied, and the centuries (on Pliny’s criticism, on the Scalihis notes, under the title of Crepundia Si- ger passage, on Cellarius’ view that Silius had ‘more liana, appeared in 1601 as a kind of appendix historic than poetic value’, etc.). to the edition proper ; see below, pp. 394-95. 74. Quotation from Bassett, op. cit., 157.

$$ __-__—___—_. 75. P. 280, in the section called ‘A comparative 72. For more about Livineius ; for readings of discourse of our English Poets, with the Greeke, the Coloniensis which he also entered, from Modius Latine, and Italian Poets’: As the Greek language and Carrion, in his copy of the 1543 Silius ; and for ‘is made famous and eloquent’ by Homer, Hesiod, emendations of his which have been wrongly cited etc., and the Latin language by the authors listed,

by Heinsius or Drakenborch as readings of the so the English language is made resplendent by Coloniensis see Blass, op. cif., 198-200 and 209-210. Sidney, Spencer, Shakespeare, etc.

308

SILIUS ITALICUS

is appropriately named, for it is a period in There is a dearth of editions of Silius in which the variant readings from the lost the second half of the 17th century ; to our Cologne Ms. and questions of textual knowledge there is none from 1640 (in the

criticism in general are great issues. The Geneva Corpus) until 1695, when the first edition of Silius to give these readings is important one of Cellarius appeared. (Da-

that of Daniel Heinsius (Leyden 1600), niel Heinsius’ Crepundia were reprinted

who derived them from the Novantiquae at Cambridge in 1646 without the text of the

lectiones of F. Modius (Frankfurt 1584). Punica). But the text of Silius was still

Heinsius also produced explanatory notes being carefully studied, and J. F. Gronoon the Punica, his Crepundia Siliana of vius’ Observationum libri (Deventer 1652, 1601 (see above, p. 357, for the vast number “Leyden 1662) contains a section Observaof Silian passages emended by Modius, and tiones in Silium.

the smaller number by Carrion, from the The Aetas IV of Silian editions begins

Coloniensis ; see below, I 11, for Daniel with that of Christophorus Cellarius (Leip-

Heinsius). zig 1695). It is a noteworthy edition that A number of texts of Silius, usually pays much attention to geography and has without exegetical notes, came out in the maps. Cellarius considers Modius, Nicolaus first half of the 17th century. An outstand- Heinsius, and Gronovius the leading Silian ing one that does have some commentary is scholars and follows them primarily. He by the canon of Tournai, C. Dausque (Paris refers rhapsodically also to emendations 1615 ; in many copies the date was changed which Nicolaus Heinsius had written into to 1618). As later editors note, it is a good his copy of his father’s text, which he (Celedition in many ways but marred by ani- larius) was able to see. But Drakenborch mosity towards Modius and Daniel Heinsius discovered that they were not Nicolaus’ own

and consequent rejection of readings from proposals but those of Josephus Justus

the Cologne Ms.; as Ruperti says (Vol. I, Scaliger, to whom Drakenborch duly assign-

p. Ixii):...Saepius meliora vidit et proba- ed them in his edition. vit; sed nihilo secius frugibus inventis A. Drakenborch’s edition of Silius (Utrecht glandibus vesci, et Nicandri somnia defen- 1717) is the first one with a commentary of

dere maluit, quam veritati manus dare. any scope. It is also the first real variorum

Daniel Heinsius’ text, without the Crepun- edition ; its title-page reads : Caji Silii/Italici/ dia, was reprinted by MKHaphelengius at Punicorum/Libri Septemdecim,/cum excerp-

Antwerp in 1618. tis/Ex Francisci Modii Novantiquis Lectioni-

Silius has now become a standard author, bus,/Et Casp. Barthii Adversariis,/tum Daappearing in many of the Corpora. So the nielis Heinsii crepundiis Silianis,/Ei posPunica is found in all the editions of the tumis notis/Nicolai Heinsii, nunc primum *Corpus omnium veterum poetarum Latino- editis,/curante Arnoldo Drakenborch,/Curum (Geneva 11603, 21611, 31627, 41640) and jus etiam annotationes passim additae sunt.

in the Corpus poetarum Latinorum (Lyons Drakenborch’s great guide was Nicolaus 1616). Many passages of the Punica are Heinsius, whom he followed ‘passim nisi examined in the Adversariorum commenta- ubi genius linguae Latinae vel poétae aliud riorum libri LX (Frankfurt! 1624,? 1648) of flagitare mihi videbatur, quod tamen pauKaspar von Barth, mainly on the basis of cissimis in locis accidit’ (Praef., p. ***2). the excerpts that he had from the Oxford Drakenborch notes in his Praefatio that he Ms. (Queen’s College 314). Daniel Heinsius’ had seen two collations or sets of readings son Nicolaus (Nicolaas) (1620-81) entered from the Oxford Ms. (Queen’s College) and readings from the Coloniensis in an edition carefully set out for the reader the places

of Silius that he had (1531, Paris: Simon where the two collations differed. He also Colinaeus) and discussed them in notes added observes there that it has been his aim in to his copy of Dausque’s edition ; these two his edition to prove other scholars’ conjec-

sets of material were eventually printed in tures, or readings from the Mss., by the

Drakenborch’s edition. testimony of the best authors; he will 309

LATIN AUTHORS

keep a received reading if that seems better antecedat necesse est’ but that practically

and will illustrate from the editions how all the work done on Silius since the reSilius’ text has been spoiled by scribes, discovery of his poem has been merely printers, or critics. Another aim of his has textual, so that in a sense he has been been to point out accurately Silius’ famous neglected. Ernesti explains his own apimitatio Maroniana; he will also explain proach as follows: Itaque in duabus potissidifficult passages that might cause the tyro mum rebus, primum in_interpretatione, trouble. Drakenborch’s edition is a land- deinde in carminis indole et consilio poetae

mark in establishing the text of Silius, if recte aestimando, omnis opera editionis not in interpretation of the poem or the instruendae mea versata est. The second appreciation of Silius’ art; cf. Ruperti, of these editions is that of G. A. Ruperti Vol. I, p. Ixiii. It became the standard text (2 vols. ; Géttingen 1795-98). It is concerned of the Punica for some time ; it is reproduced, with textual matters and has an apparatus

for instance, in the Bipontine edition. criticus of some scope; it is also concerned A curious edition appeared at Paris in with the art of Silius, or inlerpretatio, and 1781, that of Lefebvre de _ Villebrune. has an extensive commentary. Ruperti is Actually, it is a double edition, one in three a great expositor of Silian diction and style ;

volumes with a French translation and the lengthy Index Rerum et Verborum ap-

another in one volume of just the Latin pended to his second volume (pp. 1-170) is a text (with critical notes). It is an important storehouse of information on grammatical edition in many ways; Lefebvre de Ville- and stylistic points and is followed by an brune made use of the two Paris Mss. as Appendix sive diatribe de stilo poetico et well as of the variant readings from the potissimum Siliano (pp. 171-186). Ruperti’s Oxford and the Cologne Mss. as reported by is the last commentary on the whole PuniCarrion, Modius, and Barth ; he used also ca and perhaps the best.

several early editions (€.8., the second Ro- Ruperti’s text and commentary are reman one, I 471). Nas he indulged in a good produced, with a few additions, in N. E.

deal of wild conjecture and is Heinsius full of ani- and L oyDraditionemaire (2 vols.;sedition Paris 1823) mosity towards Nicolaus (-"

kenborch. Since he gives the verses of Book Particularly noteworthy in 19th-century VIII which were first added to the text of Silian scholarship ls the study of the text the Punica in the Aldine edition (see above, again, with a closer analysis of the Colop. 356) and which many editors and Silian niensis tradition (e.g., how reliable all the scholars rejected, and since he attached to reported readings of the lost Cologne Ms. his edition a passage from Petrarch’s Africa, are) and the recording of more and more he had the temerity to call his edition ‘ope- Mss. of the Sangallensis tradition ; see, for

ris integri editio princeps.’ example, G. Thilo, Quaestiones Silianae

Lefebvre’s is the latest edition of the criticae (Halle 1858) and the articles of Bipontine Aetas IV. Two 18th-century H. Blass, G. Wartenberg, and L. Bauer editions of the Punica after that one are cited at the end of Appendix II. Bauer is particularly significant. The first in time is the editor of the Teubner text of Silius

that of I. C. T. Ernesti (2 vols. ; Leipzig (2 vols.; Leipzig 1890-92), which, though 1791-92), whose text is basically that of based on only four Mss., counts as the standDrakenborch. What is especially important ard text today. It is followed in the main in his edition is his concern with the art of by W. C. Summers in his edition of Silius Silius, or inferpretatio. So there is a longish in J. P. Postgate’s Corpus Poetarum Latiessay in his edition on Silius’ art, * Disquisi- norum (Vol. II, fase. 4; London 1904),

tio de carmine Siliano’ (Voi. I, pp. vilii- but Summers thought the text through xxxii). He notes in his Praefatio that afresh (and he did himself inspect Ms. O) textual matters are important and that and improved on Bauer’s text in many pla‘lectionem et interpretationem emendatio ces. 360

SILIUS ITALICUS

APPENDIX I lenton’s ‘Scriptorum Illustrium libri’ (typeThe Renaissance Vitae of Silius unac- 125). diss, Chicago 1929), 107 (cf. 74, companied by commentary (with cross-ref- Sicco’s life of Silius is reproduced with

erences to Vifae in commentaries). slight changes in the Parma (1481) edition 1. Sicco Polentonus (Sicco Polenton) (1375- of the Punica (HC 14737), fols. 1719-172 ; it

76 —— 1446-48) in the fourth book of his was copied from there by the scribe of Ms. Scriptorum illustrium Latinae linguae libri D, 78 fols. 176-177 ; cf. Delz I 14.

XVIII states that a Ms. of Silius’ poem [Inc. (Ullman’s ed., p. 121)]: Habuit ae-

had recently been discovered at Constance tas ipsa Sillum Italicum, virum utique cum and gives an account of Silius’ life; there litteris tum honoribus clarum. Poema exare also incidental references to Silius in tat suum secundo de bello Punico, illo quod Sicco’s work. Sicco’s vast opus was complet- Hannibale duce populus Carthaginiensis cum ed after 25 years of labor in 1437, as he tells Romanis gessit. Nuper id Constantiae, quae

us in a letter of that same year. An earlier Alemaniae civitas est Rheno flumini proversion of part of it, six books and the xima, dum concilium ibi ecclesia dei habebeginning of a seventh but not containing a ret, repertum est. Quippe incognitum erat section on Silius, is extant in a manuscript prius. Vir nanque illustris ac doctus poeta written around 1426 and now in Florence fuit Sillus. Carmina tantum, ut refert Pli(Ms. Rice. 121); cf. R. Sabbadini, ‘Storia e nius, cura maiori quam ingenio scripsit. . ./ critica di alcuni testi latini,’ Museo italia- ....[ Expl. (ibid., p. 122)]: Annos_ vixit no di antichita classica III (1890) 318-476 quinque et LXX, deinde inediam sibi teat 318. The Riccardiana Ms. was owned dio nati clavi, qui esse insanabilis videretur,

by Crinito and Varchi; cf. Kristeller, indixit et animo constanti mortuus est.

Iter I 185-186, and for Crinito see below. (For the life of Silius by commentator 2 For changes in the plan of Sicco’s work, see below, pp. 366). the letter of 1437, and the evidence for an 2 There is a Renaissance life of Silius intermediate edition, and for a printed copy of uncertain authorship. It is one of the of the complete text see B. L. Ullman’s items (fol. 138%) in Ms. Flor. Naz. II X 43, edition, Papers and Monogr aphs of the which is labeled on the spine Aug. Dati American Academy in Rome VI (1928) ; Elegantiae & Opusc. Varia. Maybe the life the life of Silius is on pp. 121-122. Ullman is by Augustinus Dat(h)us (Agostino Dati) follows Sicco’s autograph Ms., “in which he — (4. 490.14789). But the genitive Aug. Dati

made his final additions and corrections , of the spine is probably meant to refer only

Vat. Ottob. lat. 1919. a: to Elegantiae. It cannot apply to all the

The facts in Sicco’s life of Silius are all opuscula ; actually, the last scholar to whom from Pliny, Ep. 111 7. The order of the something is assigned before the Silian item details in Pliny’s account is shifted some- is Guarino Veronese (1370-1460); see the what in that of Sicco. The latter's phrase- = jit of contents in Mazzatinti XII 41-42. ology is very Plinian at some points, less = the same Vita of Silius is found in a miscelso at others. There is some expansion of laneous Paris Ms., Bibl. Nat. lat. 10806, fol. Pliny’s statements, but no serious distortion 49 ; for a description of the Ms. with list of

of them; for instance, Sicco says : Villas contents see A. La Penna, ‘Studi sulla quidem illo in loco atque Neapolitano in tradizione di Properzio (Continuazione e agro et multas et magnas habuit, whereas fine),’ Studi italiani di filologia classica Pliny writes: Plures isdem in locis villas N. S. XXVI (1952) 5-36 at 30-31 and 30

possidebat. As these facts of Sicco’s are all n. 1; the last scholar to whom something from Pliny’s letter and the Punica is not ;.. assigned before the life of Silius is Angelo

quoted anywhere in the Seriptorum illus- Tifernate (15th century). This same Si-

trium libri, Sicco had probably not seen the nee

Ms. discovered in 1417 or a copy of it; cf. 76. For our sigla for Mss. of Silius see AppenD. M. Robathan, The Sources of Sicco Po- dix ITI. 361

LATIN AUTHORS

lian Vita is also in Pomponius’ edition of the treatment of the Statian material in Ms. Punica (HCR 14734; see below) and was Magl. VII 973 (which is not stated as his copied from there into our Ms. F, fol. 174. source) ; cf. A. Wasserstein, ‘Politian’s Com[Inc. (Ms. Flor. Naz. II X 43)]: Vita Sil- mentary on the Silvae of Statius’ [W. rejects

lii Italici. Sillius Italicus, cuius maiores Ita- Marcello as author of the commentary], lica Hispaniae urbe orti fuere, prima aeta- Ser iptorium X (1956) 83-89 at 86 n. 13: te declamavit. Mox foro vacavit. Inter pri- -.. In transcribing passages from the MS. mores urbis sine potentia, sine invidia he changes and leaves out words for the sake fuit.../...[Expl.] : Taedio insanabilis clavi in of shortening the passages, without noticing

Neapolitano abstinentia cibi (corrected from that thereby he ascribes activities and abi) vita defunctus est annum agens LXX. works to P. P. Statius which Politian had The last sentence is followed immediately properly ascribed to Statius’ father.

in Pomponius’ edition by: Opus iam ne- f bine canna or ee Re Ali, glectum Pomponius recognovit. Anno do- ol. 84)|: Silius Italicus Romanus civis et

mini MCCCCLXXI VI Calend. Mai. Romae. —_ B0bilis a (corrected from sub) Nerone con-

The scribe who copied the life into Ms. F sul creatus tanta comitate sapientiaque se also added Opus. . . recognovit ; then, when gessit ut nullum ab eo quisquam optimi he came to the date, stopped, realizing that consulis munus desiderarit. Huius in con-

he had gone beyond the life itself. sulatu Nero e vita sublatus est, ut Plinius (For the life of Silius by Pomponius Lae- junior in tertio libro epistolarum ostendit, quam bis senis ingentem fascibus annum / 3. Marcellus Virgilius Adrianus (Marcello Rexerat, asserto qui sacer orbe fuit. The

tus see below, pp. 375, 378). et Martialis libro VIII ita scribens : Post-

Virgilio Adriani) (1464-1521) prepared a next two lines are added in the margin: life of Silius, possibly some time during his Emeritos Musis et Phoebo tradidit annos lecturing at the Studio in Florence between / Proque suo celebrat nunc Helicona foro 1494 and 1503 (for these dates, other details [Epigr. VII 63. 9-10 and 11-12].../...

of his career, and references see G. Miccoli’s [Expl. (ibid. fol. 85%)]: Belli Punici secundi art. on him, Dizionario biografico degli Ita- decem et septem scripsit libros, de quibus

liani I (1960) 310-311). This Vita as it oc- idem in quarto ait: Sili Castalidum decus curs in Ms. Flor. Magl. XX XVIII 117, no. 8 sororum / Qui periuria barbari furoris / Inis of some length (fols. 84-85’). A version genti premis ore, perfidosque / Fastus Hanprinted by W. Ridiger, Marcellus Virgilius nibalis levesque Poenos / Magnis cedere coAdrianus aus Florenz (Halle 1897) 57 is gis Africanis [Epigr. IV 14. 1-5].

much shorter and lacks the quotations from The account of Silius breaks off at the Martial’s Epigrams. Riidiger introduces one bottom of the page, and fol. 86 begins in the serious error: a@ Nerva consul creatus for a middle of a Vita Lucani.

Nerone c. c. Riidiger does not state the Ms. Riidiger’s version of the life (op. cit., source of his version. The last Ms. that he p. 57) is: Silius Italicus, civis Romanus nocites (55 n. 2) before he gives his Silian life is bilis, a Nerva consul creatus, tanta comi‘Classe VII, Cod. 396, bibl. Nazionale zu tate sapientiaque se gessit, ut illius consulis Florenz’ — for Marcello’s Latin glosses on munus optimus quisque desiderarit. ProIliad 1-3; this must be a Magliabechianus, consul Asiam sortitus, ea rexit moderatione,

but Magl. VII 396 has nothing to do with ut maximam gloriam rettulerit, prona aeHomer or Silius, and the text proper is tate foro et caussis et eloquentiae Ciceronis actually in Italian; see Mazzatinti XIII maxime studuit, deinde publicis curis de258. Riidiger’s source must be Magl. positis in villis litterato ocio vacabat. ComXXXVIII 117 since he goes on to quote posuit Punica. Saepius eius meminit Mar-

some of Marcello’s life of Lucan and to tialis.

describe his account of Horace, both of which are found in that Ms. His handling of 4. There is a life of Silius in the De poetis Marcello’s life of Silius is similar to his Latinis libri V of Petrus Crinitus (Piero Del 362

SILIUS ITALICUS

Riccio Baldi) (1476-1508). This work by et originem et nomen traxit. Ipse Romae Crinitus on the Latin poets was first pub- natus in litterisque educatus. Prima ei lished at Florence by itself in 1505 and then fori contentio fuit magna inter patronos auctogether with his De honesta disciplina libri toritate..../...[Expl. (ibid.)| : In qua et eum XX V and his Poematum libri II elsewhere taxat maiore cura quam ingenio carmina several times. For details about Crinitus’ fecisse auditorioque saepe ea commisisse life and bibliography see the Introduction dicens. Imitatus est maxime in his Maroto C. Angeleri’s edition of the De honesta nem, cuius etiam natalem celebrare quotandisciplina (Rome 1955). The life of Silius, nis consuevit. extracted from the De poetis Latints, is reproduced in several editions of the Punica: 6. Ambrosius Nicander (Ambrosio [de] e.g., the Paris edition of 1512, the Aldine of Victoria) (16th century) of Toledo, in his

1523 (pp. 3-4), the Lyons editions of 1547 edition of Silius published by Junta at

and 1551 (pp. 4-6), the Antwerp editions of Florence in 1515, gives along with the text a

1566 and 1568, the Bipontine of 1784 fairly lengthy prose life of the poet (pp. 2v(pp. III-V), Ernesti’s Leipzig edition of 3%) and summaries (catalepses) of two hex1791-1792 (1 liv-lv), and Lemaire’s Paris ameters each at the beginning of each of the

edition of 1823 (II 473-474). 17 books of the poem. Nicander’s catalepses

[Inc. (Aldine ed., p. 3)]: Silius Italicus have been printed in many editions after heroicus ex Hispania oriundus traditur, his own, usually all together rather than at deducto genere ab Italica urbe nobili, unde the beginning of each book and usually cognomen reportavit. Sed Romae natus accompanying Buschius’ argumenta (also in est, ut creditur, atque etiam educatus, ne- one block): e.g., in the Lyons editions of que obscura fama est... ./.. .[Eapl. (ibid., 1578 and 1598 (sigg. *5-*6), Drakenborch’s

p. 4)]:...neque dubium est eundem ad edition (sig. ****Y), Ruperti’s (I xci-xcii), extremam paene senectutem devenisse, ut and Lemaire’s (II 494-496). The Vita

qui maior septuagenario vitam finierit. reads thus: Nam morbo detentus insanabilis clavi sin- [Inc. (Juntine ed., p. 2%)] : Sillius Italicus, gulari constantia obitum praeposuit, felix poeta clarissimus, qui bellum Punicum sepropemodum, et beatus usque ad extre- cundum heroico carmine, grandi ac sublimi mum diem, ut copiose relatum est a Plinio exordio usque ad calcem tamen servato,

in epistolis (the last two words omitted by scripsit. Nascitur in Italica, Hispaniae

Lemaire). urbe, unde et ipse cognomento Italicus est

5. There is a brief account of Silius’ life nuncupatus. Est autem Italica (Strabone in Book XIX of the Commentariorum ur- teste) urbs in Baetica Hispania. . ./. . . banorum libri XXXVIII of Raphael Vo- — {Eapl. (ibid., p. 3Y)]: In agro suo Neapolijaterranus (Raffaello Maffei of Volterra) tano, vel ut nonnullis placet in urbe, dolore (1451-1522), and Silian verses are often insanabilis clavi diem clausit ultimum, cum

ted in the geographical parts of the bona valetudine annos fere quinque et qe eye 6The mp esSilian ‘ septuaginta egisset. Pleraque alia de Sillio work. Vita is in the ‘anthropo,;;

oy circumquam [sic] referuntur quibus, quia

logical part ; 1.e., Secundus Tomus Anthro- certo auctore carent, supersedendum putapologiam habet hominum clarorum omnium vi. Haec ex Cornelio Tacito, Plinio, Valerio temporum linguarum gentium libris VIII. . . Martiali comperta collegimus.

The work is a kind of encyclopedia which (For the life of Silius by Buschius see first came out in Rome in 1506 and went below, p. 390).

through many editions (e.g., Paris 1511 and ,

1515, Basel 1559). For more details about 7. There is an account of Silius by Lilius Raphael Volaterranus see Sister Agnes Gregorius Gyraldus (Giglio or Lilio Gregorio

Clare Way, C. D. P., CTC II 144. Giraldi) (1479-1552) in the fourth dialogue [Ine. (1506 ed., Tom. II, fol. 272¥)]: Si- of his Historiae poetarum tam Graecorum lius Italicus ex Italica, Hispaniae civitate, quam Latinorum dialogi decem (Basel 1545,

363

LATIN AUTHORS

pp. 527-529) ; the life of Silius is related at APPENDIX II some length, and then there is mention of the

discovery of the Silian Ms. during the The Manuscripts of the Punica

Council of Constance and of Domizio Cal-

derini’s dealing with the text. See also The 32 extant Mss. are the following (we Giraldi’s Operum quae extant omnium... keep the sigla used in Delz I, where full fomi duo (Basel 1580), Ii 177 and Oper a descriptions of the 32 Mss. may be found. omnia, . . (Leyden 1696), II 239-240. Silius For each of the 25 Mss. known to Blass, his

is referred to and lines from his poem are siglum, followed by his name, is added in quoted in Giraldi’s Historiae deorum genti- parentheses) : lium syntagmata X VII (first printed Basel A Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Acquis-

1548). The Silii Italici Vita in the Lyons tie Doni 361

Giraldo. a 116 (B Blass) [Inc. (1545 ed. of the Historiae poeta- D Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Laur. 1578 edition of the Punica is ex L. Greg. B Oxford, Bodleian Canon. class. lat.

rum, .., p. 527)]: Suberat imago Syllii Ita- 37, 14 (L! Blass) lici, sic, ut quidam arbitrantur, appellati E Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Laur. ab Italica, Hispaniae civitate, ex qua oriun- 37, 15 (L2 Blass)

dum illum fuisse tradunt, quod parum mihi F Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Aed. 196

fit verisimile, cum nullus eius, ut Hispani, (F Blass) scriptor meminerit.../...[Ezpl. of Vita G Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Laur. proper (ibid. p. 528)]: Sed maiorem, ut ait (Gadd.) 91 sup. 35 (G Blass)

Plinius, florentem atque etiam consularem H London, British Museum, Harl. 4863

reliquit. Inter cetera, Punicum bellum se- (H Blass) cundum septem et decem libris scripsit, J Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Laur.

qui nunc passim leguntur. 37, 17 (L* Blass)

Giraldi’s dialogue then goes on: Sed no- K Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Laur. lim, inquit Piso, in recensenda Syllii vita 37, 18 (L® Blass) plus temporis conteramus, cum eam... in L Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Laur.

tertio Epistolarum volumine C. Plinius... 37, 16 (L3 Blass)

describat, et grammatici nonnulli. MTlud M Venice, Bibl. Naz. di S. Marco, Marc.

vero libentius ego / (p. 529) et Picus scire lat. XII 68 (4519) (M Blass who

velimus, quonam modo eius ipsum, quod wrongly cites the old no. as LXIL 68) ais, Punicum bellum repertum sit, quod per N Oxford, Bodleian Add. c. 192 tot saecula delituerat. Tunc ego, Dicam, O Oxford, Queen’s College 314 (O Blass) inquam, quae ab aliis ipse comperi, tametsi P Paris. Bibl. Nat. lat. 8066 (P Blass) Marullus non sane grandem linguae Latinae Q Bibl Vaticana, Vat. lat. 1651 (Vv!

iacturam factum dicam, m existimabat, tuum delituisset, inquam, si ut perpeac- . . Blass) | |

cepi. Eo tempore, quo Christianorum pro- R Blase) Vaticana, Vat. lat. 3300 (Vv* tum ferunt in quapiam ibi turri fuisse re- T Paris, Bibl. Nat. lat. 8065 (T Blass) pertum, litteris admodum obsoletis et per- U_ Bibl. Vaticana, Urb. lat. 358 (V®

cerum conventus. . . in Germania habebatur, ;

vetustis, et cum eo una cariosos quosdam Blass) aliorum scriptorum libros. Primus vero Vv Bibl. Vaticana, Vat. lat. 1652 (V Domitius Calderinus illud et emendavit, et Blass) interpretatus est, quod si Fr. Petrarchae W Bibl. Vaticana, Vat. lat. 2779 (V° aetate in luce fuisset, non is certe Africam, Blass) tantam provinciam, aggressus esset, sed X Bibl. Vaticana, Vat. lat. 3301 (V‘

hac de re satis. Blass) 364

SILIUS ITALICUS

Y Bibl. Vaticana, Vat. lat. 3302 (V® the areas covered : in particular, geography,

Blass) figures and tropes, and the structure of

Z Bibl. Vaticana, Vat. lat. 2778 (V’ speeches, although the P annotations are

Blass) frequently incorrect and those of scribe A

I’ Bibl. Vaticana, Ottob. lat. 1258 in J° more generally reliable. Cf., for in-

(O! Blass) stance, in P on fol. 4Y (ad I 201): describit

A Bibl. Vaticana, Ottob. lat. 1441 (with no trace of abbreviation for -ur) mors

@® Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, Preussischer Athalas, for which J’ shows in the margin:

Kulturbesitz (West Berlin), Ms. lat. describitur mons Athalas pulchre (where fol. 549 (formerly Tiibingen, Univer- only the extra vowel is objectionable) ; sitdtsbibliothek on deposit from the Anonymus A must have provided: descri-

Preussische Staatsbibliothek) bitur mons Ath(a)las. An example of more

A Budapest, University Library, Cod. accurate similarity is J’, fol. 77¥ (ad VI 644):

lat. 8 Describitur ducatus Spoletanus sive Um-

4 Cesena, Bibl. Malatestiana, Cod. Mal. bria ; P, fol. 71: Hannibal vertit se in duca-

S. XII, 3 (M? Blass) tum Spoletanum. As an illustration partic-

IT Bibl. Vaticana, Borg. lat. 417 (M. ularly of the method of Anonymus A we

VIII 20) might note the spurious verse III 667A,

» Rome, Bibl. Casanatense Ms. 1064 whether he composed it himself or took it

(M$ Blass) from an earlier source: Advenimus magnis

® Oxford, Bodleian Ms. lat. class. c. 4 quam laeta fronte sacerdos, written in the (M1 Codex Mediomontanus, Blass) margin of J’ on fol. 38V; in P, fol. 34Y it is W New Haven, Conn., Yale Univ. Li- in the text with mente instead of fronte.

brary, Marston Ms. 220 (It is also in the text of many later Mss.,

Cf. Blass, op. cit. (n. 26). See also G. with fronte). Wartenberg, ‘Zu den Textesquellen des A curious mistake on the part of the

Silius Italicus,’ Jahrbiicher fiir classische scribe of P clearly indicates that he obtained Philologie XX XIII (1887) 431-432 (on IT) at least some of his material from a handand L. Bauer, ‘Zu den Textesquellen des written source. On fol. 1% proper names in Silius Italicus,’ ibid. XXXV (1889) 796-799 the text (1 45: Ticine and 52: Aufide) have

(on A). the marginal annotations Ticinus flumen and Aufidus flum(en), Other river-names are

Punica similarly reproduced in the margins on fols. 3, 3%, 4, 5, 6%. On fol. 8 vss. I 421-425 are Commentaries bracketed and against the bracket, in the right-hand margin, is added the word

1. ANonyMuUsS A. comparatio (comperatio); further over in

the margin, opposite I 421 is the note

A considerable amount of the explanatory Methonomia flu(men). Lower down, opmaterial in P and J’ (scribe A) does not posite I 436 is the note flumen Methonon. correspond ; on the other hand, there are From here on until fol. 19(a) (the foliator many notes which are the same or very of P missed a folium between fols. 19 and similar. They must come from a common 20) the names of real rivers copied in the source, which we shall call (the explanations margins are interspersed with entries such

of) Anonymus A, who doubtless preceded as Sarchamos fl. Zeuma flu. fol. 9, flu.

Petrus Odus and probably expounded Silius Sinedoche fol. 9%, Epitheton flu fol. 17%, in a public or university course. At any rate, ypalage flu. fol. 19. On fol. 19(a) the note when Odus put his own notes into I', those to II 457 fi Methonomia (cp. 19(a)¥ fi Epi- ) of scribe A (the first hand in both text and teton and fi Zeuma) makes clear what has scholia) were already there. There is simi- happened. The scribe had in his exemplar

larity not only in the actual explanations the abbreviation fi = f(igura), and until

which P and scribe A of J’ give but also in 19(a), at which point the light dawned upon

365 |

LATIN AUTHORS

him, misunderstood it as an abbreviation common source, which we shall call (the

for f(lumen). explanations of) Anonymus B. This com-

Among the other striking items in P are mentator probably, like Anonymus A, three quotations from Leonardo Bruni’s gave a course on Silius; cf. the remark in De primo bello Punico (fols. 33, 71%, and 72 the margin of A ad VII 313: Notate hic ad ITI 385, VI 663, and VI 695 respectively). astutiam Hannibalis de qua plurimi memi-

It seems likely that they derive from nerunt viri and the comment by scribe

Anonymus A, such an_ intellectual ap- A of X on I 73: notabitis quod duo Beli proach to his author being almost beyond fuere. the scribe of P; and it is possible that Two of the four Mss. in question have a Anonymus A was a friend of Bruni’s. Vita followed by a rudimentary accessus The traces of Anonymus A in P and [' (Y may have had this material too, but the are far from constituting a continuous com- first folium is now lost) : mentary and do not start from a common Ms. T, fol. 4 to the right near the beginning

point. The first note of any scope in J’ of the text. [Vifa.] Ut de vita Silii refera-

is: (on I 24) TIarba fuit rex Africanus qui mus, mortuus est voluntarie inedia ob clavendidit tantum territorium (corrected from vum inmedicabilem qui perpetuum et le-us) Didoni quantum ambivit cum uno corio talem dolorem ei gincebat (uf vid., leg. (corrected from lorica) bovis et fuit filius gignebat). Suo in Neapolitano, annum agens Iovis (not in P) ; the first note in P is on fol. quintum et septuagesimum diem finivit. 2 (1 56) : nota Hannibalis conditiones (not in Ad cuius laudem Martialis multa facit epi-

I’). There are, however, some similarities grammata, quorum primordia haec sunt which may indicate a common origin: cp. [Martial IV 14. 1-3; VII 63. 1-2; and XI (I 119) P fol. 3 sacrificium ad Proserpinam, 48, all four lines, are then quoted]. [AccesI fol. 4 sacrificium factum deae Proserpinae, sus.] et per morem poetarum tria facit in and (1 130) P fol. 3 nota hic q(uod) Kartha- principio : proponit, invocat, narrat [cf. Serv. ginenses dicunt Italiam esse occidentem and ad Aen. I 8}. I’ fol. 4 the glosses firmamento occidentali Ms. X, fol. 1 to the right near the beginning over are and Cartaginensibus over Sidoniis of the text. [ Vita.] Silius mortuus est volun-

(I 131). tarie inedia ob clavum inmedicabilem qui If Petrus Marsus is correct in his statement perpetuum et letalem dolorem ei gignebat

that Odus was the first person to expound et suo Neapolitano agro diem finivit. Ad Silius in Rome, and if Anonymus A is huius laudem Martialis multa facit epigramanterior to Odus, then Anonymus A must mata id est. [Accessus.] Et pro more poe-

have been active in another city. Florence tarum tria facit: proponit, invocat, et

immediately suggests itself since the first narrat [cf. Serv. ad Aen. I 8].

period in the diffusion of texts of Silius took The notes in A, T, and X on the first

place there. three lines of the poem, explaining the Manuscripts: construction of caelo and the etymology of Paris, Bibl. Nat. lat. 8066 ; 1461 (P). (Catal. Oenotria and Carthago, show a fair amount

Bibl. Regiae, pars tertia, tomus quartus, of similarity. Paris 1744, 424; Blass, op. cit., 179; Delz [Ine.]: I 1-3 (Ms. A): Dativus pro ac-

I 84-86). cusativo ; Virg., it clamor caelo. Oenotria a

Vatican, Ottob. Lat. 1258 (/’), fols. 1-210 ; potu oenus, id est, vinum. Kartago inters. XV. (Blass, op. cit., 177 ; Delz I 108-118). pretatur nova urbs nam proprie Birsa vocabatur a corio tauri. [Cf. Serv. ad Aen. I 6,

2. ANONYMUS B. 532, III 165, I 367.] (Ms. T): At first only ad caelum over caelo and Italia in the margin

Many of the explanatory comments in for Oenotria, but then:. .. rtago interpretathe Mss. A, T, X, and W vary; but there tur nova civitas nam proprie Birsa vocabatur are enough of them that are verbally the a corio tauri [cf. Serv. ad Aen. I 367]. (Ms.

same, or very nearly so, for us to posit a X): Dativus pro accusativo; Vi(r)g., It

366

SILIUS ITALICUS

Clamor caelo. Oenotria ab enos. .. Cartago T (ad XVII 486): Rjetheius mons apud idem est quod nova civitas nam eius pro- T[roiam.

prium nomen est Birsa a corio tauri. [Cf. X (ad XII 713): in Aventino habebat

Serv. ad Aen. I 6, 532, ITI 165, I 367]. (then a word crossed out and now illegible) As an instance of an explanation where we templum Diana.

have the evidence of the four Mss. we might W (ad XVII 651 f.): quia ipse fecit take the notes on I 72, the first line of the moenia et tu conservasti ipsa et nos omtext as we have it in YY. The gloss cor- nes... qui repulit Senones. . . responds exactly in A, T, and X except for The explicit of Anonymus B is seen in the

variations in orthography and abbreviation, , of A and WY. common ending

for a word crossed out in T, and for the The final scholia of A are followed, in fact that T has Sarrana inthat place ofand thecom? second Sarra. the same hand as of text

I 72 (Mss. A, T, X): Sarra civitas est mentary, _by: Epitaphium. Silii Italici

quae dicitur Tyros a sar quod piscis quidam poetae / Silius altisono celebravit barbara

est illic abundans quo pannos tingebant. versu / Proelia: Apollinea Solus in arte

Unde Sarranum ostrum, id est, Tirium dici- potens. / Tempore perpetuo intactum quem

tur. Ergo Sarra a sar pisce ut Sidon quoque gloria servat, / Ilius hic durus protegit a sidone pisce. [Cf. Serv. ad Geo. II 506.] ossa lapis. //, Gregorius Grimius (?)./. (Ms. ¥): The writing is blurred at the edge At the end of T, the first hand has copied the of the folium ; what can be made out shows two epigrams quoted by Blass, op. cit.,

Slight differences from the other three p. 180. Mss., thus:...a civi... quae Tyrus...a At the end of ¥, a 16th-century hand has sar quod piscis est...id est, Tyrium... added the notorious entry that was forged purpura fie... dicitur. Ergo Sarra. .. sar to show that Petrarch knew Silius’ poem:

Sicut Sidon. . . done pisce. Ioanés Columna Francisco Petrarche / Mne-

The explanations of Anonymus B have mosyn6. often been taken over into 2. An example of Manuscripts : this fact is the etymology of Manes in the Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana, Acquisti e glosses on I 82. A, T, and X (scribe A) all Doni 361; s. XV (A). (Delz I 45-46). Rave the same wording excens for variations New Haven, Yale University Library manant which T reads instead of emanant. Marston Ms. 220, Ss. XV (P). (L. Arrigoni, I 82 (Mss. A, T, X): Manes vel per anti- Notice historique et bibliographique sur 26 phrasim quod non sint boni [cf. Isid. Etym. MSS... ayant fait partie de la bibliothéque I 37, 24] nam mane bonum significat vel a de Francois Petrarque (Milan 1883) 21-23 manando quod ab inferis emanant. (Ms. (No. 1); W. H. Bond (and C. U. Faye), SupW): dii manes, id est, dii boni aut manis a plement tothe Censusof Medieval and Renaismanando quia ab inferis emanabant. (Ms. sance Manuscripts in the United States and

2): manibus a manando...manant et Canada (New York 1962) p. 90 no. 226 ; abundant ab inferis...superioris vel ma- Delz I 134-135; B. L. Ullman, ‘Petrarch nando, id est, exeundo dicti manes. For the Manuscripts in the United States,’ Italia

hand of S in question here, the first, see the medioevale e umanistica V (1962) 443-475 at

account of Anonymus C below. 456 (No. 49).)

The glosses in A, T, X, and W do not Paris, Bibl. Nat. Lat. 8065, fols. 4-226 ;

extend to the same point. The final one, or 1474 (1475) (T). (Catal. Bibl. Regiae, pars the final set for each of the Mss., is as fol- tertia, tomus quartus, Paris 1744, 424 ; Blass,

lows: op. cil., 179-181 ; Delz I 90-93).

A (ad XVII 651 f.): Quirino quia ipse Vatican, Wat. Lat. 3301; s. XV (X). (Infecit moenia et tu conservasti ipsa et nos ventarium librorum latinorum Mss. Bibl. omnes. Camillo qui repulit Senones ferentes Vat. IV 324, Blass, op. cit., 178 ; Delz I 102-

signa Romanorum. 103).

367

LATIN AUTHORS

3. ANONYMUS C. Another instance of the rather wordy explanations of Anonymus C (this time

There are a great many marginal and without a source in Anonymus B) is - . interlinear explanations in Ms. 2; though IX 17: Ni sors alterni juris: quia illo die these continue to the end of the poem, they erat exercitus in potestate Pauli, quia conare more extensive in the early books. sules solebant alter uno die gubernare exerThree hands are to be distinguished in the citum et alter alio die. Hic dies erat Pauli main, while there are a few slight traces of erat suus sed Pauli

. ; . et propter hoc retinuit se Varro, quia non

other hands. The first annotator (who is The last note of Anonymus C which we also the copyist of the Ms.) seems not to be find (vss. XVII 645-654 are missing) is:

reproducing notes taken down from a lec- XVII 642 (over illidit): s(cilicet) ipse turer on the Punica but rather to have hiberus crudelis. gathered explanations from various written Manuscript: sources. In particular, he has borrowed Rome, Bibl. Casanatense Ms. 1064; s. XV material from Anonymus B (preserved in (5). (Index Librorum Manuscriptorum Bibli-

A, T, X, and Y), often embellishing it othecae Casanatensis, R-Z [Vol. III], p. 442;

rhetorically. Blass, op. cit., p. 178; Delz I 128-132; QO.

Some folia of 2 are lacking, so that its Occioni, Ti. Catii Silii Italici Punicorum text now begins with line I 60. The first Libri Septemdecim... Accedunt Variae

glosses appear above this line: e.g., ardet Lectiones Codicis Casanatensis (with Italian (as in W) to explain flagrat and aetatis translation ; 2 vols. ;? Turin 1889 (I xiii-xv). (as in W) to explain aevi. They are the

glosses of the first hand (also the copyist 4. ANonyMUus D.

of the Ms.), whom we call Anonymus C. , His commentary begins on the second line The notes by the second hand in Ms. 2

of text thus - offer good explanations of facts and cite

161: A A t hab parallels not only from a wide range of Latin * Aavere + “vere est nabere appetitum writers but also from Greek authors. A

sine ratione and Aegatae: Aegatae [sic] great many of these notes, sometimes just insulae sunt intra Africam et Europam apud as they stand in S and sometimes in a quas primum pugnatum fuit a Romanis et slightly different form, have been written Carthaginensibus et fuerunt fracti ipsi into a printed text, Vat. Inc. II 427, which

Carthaginenses. is a copy of the 1483 edition of Silius (with

Anonymus C has made some curious the commentary of Petrus Marsus). There mistakes. For instance, at III 592 in the are a few instances also where the material text for exuat he has written extuat (which added to the Vatican incunabulum corno other Ms. reads). This he takes as aes- responds exactly, or almost exactly, to fuat and writes above it the gloss: id est, annotations in Ms. A. This commentary

salliit et fervet. found in three different places is to be as-

An example of what seems to be an ex- signed to Anonymus D. The notes ,repansion on the part of Anonymus C of presenting it in Vat. Inc. IT 427 extend from

material from Anonymus B is the following : the beginning of Book I to the end of Book

III 711: Pubes Saturnia non solum quia XV. The first one that we have is the folregnavit Saturnus in regionibus Italiae ubi lowing :

nunc Roma, verum etiam quia ubi nunc I 20 (Vat. Inc. II 427): Primordia, id Roma, erat oppidum quod Saturnum dice- est, causas et origines tanti belli tamque

batur et propter hoc pubes Saturnia dicitur diuturni. Polybius libro tertio de causa belli pubes Romana a Saturno oppido ubi nunc et principio disserens sic ait [Polyb. III 6. 7] : est Roma tunc oppidum [cf. Varro L. L. Equidem ita existimo principia dici primas V 42). Y has merely : Itala, ubi regnavit in hominum actiones in rebus quae deliberata

Italia Saturnus. [stc} sunt : causas quae iudicium deliberatio-

368

SILIUS ITALICUS

nemque praecedunt quaeque efficiunt ut {Though Statius is not named, this is

ita iudicemus deliberemusve [this is sub- derived from Theb. V 344: acclinis malo me-

stantially Niccold Perotti’s version]. diis intersonat Orpheus]. (Vat. Inc. II 427):

The marginal commentary on I 493 is a Acclinis : adhaerens, sic Papinius in Tebade kind of essay on pudor and occurs also in a [sic]: acclinis malo.

shorter form in Ms. A: The last certain notice from Anonymus D

I 493 (Vat. Inc. II 427): Pudor est timor in » is: justae reprehensionis [cf. Niccold Perotti, XVI 593 (Ms. 2, second hand): qui vinCornucopiae, ed. 1513, col. 70, 11. 6-7] sive dicavit vindictam pub. et privatam.

dedecoris: cuius contrarium impudentia Manuscripts :

dicitur, quae dux est ad omnem turpitu- Rome, Bibl. Casanatense Ms. 1064; s. XV dinem quam ut vir fortis effugiat omnem (2') (as above for Anonymus C, p. 368). dolorem subire debet atque excipere. Unde Vatican, Ottob. Lat. 1441; s. XV (4). Aristo[teles] agens de magnanimo sic ait (Inventarii Codicum Manuscriptorum Latino[EN 1124b8]: Cum in periculo versatur rum Bibliothecae Vaticanae Ottobonianae vitae suae non parcit ; Cicero in secundo de Pars I, No. 1441. Delz I 119-120.)

oratore sic scribit [II 85. 346]: Admirabilis Vatican, Inc. II 427 (a copy of the 1483 Jaus videri solet tulisse casus sapienter ad- edition of Silius with the commentary of versos, non fractum esse fortuna, retinuisse Petrus Marsus), notes. in rebus asperis dignitatem. (Ms. 4): Pudor

est timor iustae vituperationis cuius con- 5. Petrus Opus MONTOPOLITANUS trarium impudentia dicitur, quae dux est

ad omnem turpitudinem; quam ut vir The marginal and interlinear annotations

fortis effugiat omnem dolorem subire de- added to Ms. W by scribe A (i.e., the first

bet atque excipere. Verecundia, inquit of the four hands found in the text) are at

Vegetius libro primo [Epitoma rei militaris times full enough to amount to a commenI 7], dum prohibet fugere facit esse victo- tary. They immediately give the impression

rem. (This is the most important of the of being lecture notes and prove, on closer annotations in A that are more or less study, to come from Petrus Odus Montopoli-

identical with those in Vat. Inc. II 427). tanus’ course on Silius at the Studio in Rome.

The last comment written into the The proof consists of the symbol .p. in

Vatican incunabulum is the following: the margin of W; this accompanies conXV 719 (Vat. Inc. II 427): patrius pavor : jectures which we know from I" to be those

Timiditas innata atque gentilis. of Petrus Odus. For instance, we read in the The first explanatory note in the second text of W at XVII 363 Latii instead of

hand of 2 reads as follows : Troiae thus: Ut placet, et cineres Latii IV 719(Ms. 2%, second hand): sedem Carthagine regnent and in the margin: sic

sacratam, id est, Ethruriam. .. quoniam putat .p. In J' ad loc. Odus had already

(E)thrusci a_ sacrificio...denominati sunt written in the margin : forte Latii regnent in

nam thyo G(raece) sacrifico. Carthagine cineres. (The original lacuna in

The first one which 2 and the Vatican I’ was ultimately filled by Domizio Caldeincunabulum have in common is: V 175 rini with the correct Trotae, which had fallen (Ms. 2, second hand) : Saracte [sic] mons est out of the common ancestor of O, W, JI, inter Faliscos non longe a Tyberi. In Vat. =, 4, Y; for more details see Delz I 100). Inc. II 427 Marsus’ explanation has been That the handwriting of these conjectures in crossed out and replaced in the margin by : I’ is that of Petrus Odus is established by Etruriae non longe a Tiberi; adhuc retinet comparison with two autograph letters in

nomen. Ms. Vat. lat. 3908, fols. 163 and 166 (we are Another example is the following : very grateful to Prof. A. Campana for having

V 470(Ms. 2, second hand): Acclinis drawn our attention to the latter Ms.). malo, id est, adhaerens arbori navis, Or- Odus is the chief annotator of J. His

pheus sono et cantu oblectabat Argonautas. glosses and conjectures extend throughout 369

;

LATIN AUTHORS

the Ms., whereas a rudimentary commen- V 281 (Ms. W) : Hircania et Caspia insulae tary by the first scribe (Anonymus A; see sunt finitimae in mari Mediterraneo ubi above, p. 365) of the codex stops at fol. 96 sunt tigres et gryphi, ubi est etiam vena and marginalia by Calderini start only at auri sed propter gryphos tangi non potest. fol. 99 (see below, I 7). Readings proposed XIV 686 (Ms. W, over cura viri): diliby Odus are also taken over from J’ in 5, gentia scilicet Vespasiani vel Titi. (Scribe with puto — or est melius if the scribe is A has repeated Odus’ mistake as seen in strongly in favor of them. Some of his Ms. I’, where Titi vel Vespa[siani] is written conjectures are also copied into Y. In fact, over OU. Sillus intended the phrase to

In the present state of. were;incorporated into the later Mss.

our Ms., with the

many of them proved so acceptable that they refer to Domitian).

(chiefly D, Q, Y, Z, O, JJ) and into the margins of fols. 194 and 195 torn off, the

_ aad last explanation of any scope from Odus is: early editions. XVII 3 (Ms. W, fol. 196% since the first

Odus’ comments are mostly concerned folium of the last fascicle has been incorwith geography, history, and mythology rectly inserted at the end) : Cum Cybele por—— perhaps most often with geography, taretur a Troia, fuit concilium ubi deberet

where he is frequently wrong as will be seen recipi ; et cum esset decretum ut nonin alieno

from the examples below (though some of templo reciperetur, decreverunt patres ut the confusion probably comes from a stu- apud optimum virum reciperetur, ad quod dent’s not having heard, or copied down, electus fuit Scipio Nasica.

correctly). From the more extensive interlinear

For a detailed account of missing folia, glosses beyond XVII 3 we might take as a wrong insertion of a folium, and damaged specimen :

margins in W see Delz I 98-99. The outer XVII 414 (Ms. W): quas miserat rex sheet of the first fascicle is missing. The first Philippus, qui fidem MHannibalis secutus comment deriving from Odus is therefore omnem Graeciam adversus Romanos con-

the following: citavit, ut supra. I 61 (Ms. W): Aegatae [sic] insulae sunt Manuscript:

in mari Libyco apud quas ceciderunt Car- Vatican, Vat. Lat. 2779 ;s. X V(W). (Inven-

thaginenses in primo bello Punico. Jn tarium librorum latinorum Mss. Bibl. Vat. Steulo. Quia illic sunt saxa quaedam apud IV 179; Blass, op. cit., 177; Delz I 98-101).

quae conveniebant Romani et Carthagi- Biography :

nenses quando faciebant pacta et conven- Petrus Odus Montopolitanus (Pietro Odi tiones et vocabantur arae eo quod illic oc- da Montopoli) was born at Montopoli in cidebant porcam et sacrificabant. Hanni- Sabina (the date of his birth is uncertain) ; bal autem incitatus contra Romanos illic he died (perhaps at Rome) not after 1463. voluit primo congredi ut pacta et foedera His family name may have been Oddi or,

omnia mergeret. as the regular use of Odus by himself and Among other annotations stemming from his contemporaries suggests, Odi (cf. Grazio-

Odus in W we may note: si, op. cit. infra, pp. 8-9). He generally uses

II 108 (Ms. W): Massylae populi sunt in Montopolitanus for his patrial name; cf., Gallia Narbonense et cum Afris venerant e.g., Mss. Vat. Lat. 7192, fol. 403%: Petrus contra Saguntum. Inter istos ergo Mopsus Montopolitanus super Terentium; Milan spicula mittebat, qui dicti sunt Massylae a Ambros. D. 112 inf. and Trivulz. 793: Pe-

Marsilia quae nunc dicitur. trus Odus Montopolitanus P. Candido ; and III 452 (Ms. W): Arar fluvius est. De- Vat. Lat. 2769, fol. 1%: Carmen epitaphium

fluit a montibus Pyrenaeis per Equitaniam ... Petri Odi Montopolitani per F. S. R. [sic] et usque Lugdunum quietus venit He uses both Montopolites and Montopoliillicque immiscetur Rhodano et praecipi- tanus in Ms. Vat. Lat. 3908, fols. 163 and tatur et fit velox. Hue venit Hannibal cum 166 respectively (all our references to the

exercitu. folia of this Ms. follow the modern number-

370

SILIUS ITALICUS

ing). Petrus Marsus gives Odus’ patrial name sini (Paris 1887), 475 (Index), unfortunately

as Montopolita (cf. the passage quoted on refers to our author as Pietro da Monte-

P Odi seen aory an ” Mundopolitans ea. pulciano. (Cf. for incorrect patrial names of er Sulus). us calls himself Graziosi, op. the cit. infra, pp. 7-8). nus in Mss. Vat. Lat. 3908, fol. 223 (a Odus is perhaps best known as the suc-

dictated letter but signed by the author) cessor of Laurentius Valla (d. 1457) in the

ane Paris Lat. 8413, fol. 25 (salutation of a chair of eloquence at the Roman Studio and

maa by a pun as we see from the text of as the teacher of Pomponius Laetus there.

ree an Paris Ms. : ae Tullianum Sabellicus in his letter to M. Antonius Mau-

Prodavi Non ullam urbem alrquam sed uni- rocenus about the life of Pomponius has

versum orbem patriamOdus, esse habendam . . Valla succeed but that it was just ... (he is in exile nobis from Rome). .;. ;. the

. , . reverse is clearpatrial from Petrus Anothersas variation in Odus’ name t-Marsus’ p . Vallstate.

comes from a wrong idea of his birthplace. "eh " i" omp onus]. mT al ae i. funete, Sabellicus, for instance, says in Ennead. X, einde, illo vita honestissime defuncto, Lib. VI (at least in Opera. . . in duos digesta femporis momenta non remittens, Petro tomos, Basel 1538, II 719 and Opera omnia, Montopolitae... navavit operam (italics ibid. 1560, II 591): Nec Petro Monopolitae ours ; cf. Della Torre, op. cit. infra, 67 n. 2

minus poéticum fuit ingenium [quam Fran- and 70 n. 1 on 71). Zabughin warns, how- , cisco Philelpho], although he also gives the ever, in his Russian account of Pomponius

dative Petro Montopolitano (the same 1560 (op. cif. infra, p. 7) that the latter in all ed., IV 460; in a letter to M. Antonius probability heard Valla and Odus only once. Maurocenus). Cosenza (V, card 1271) seems Odus may have taught both before and to consider a Monopoli near Bari the birth- after his university appointment began. place of Odus ; but at III 2500 he describes Certainly the letter in elegiac couplets to him, with Gregorovius, as ‘from Sabine Giovanni Tortelli in Ms. Vat. Lat. 3908, Monopoli.’ (In treating of Odus s.v. Pomp. fols. 204-207, refers to elementary instrucLaet., however, he refers to Montopoli at tion and to rather young students; ZabuIV 2913 and on V, card 1459 ; the Monopo- ghin (ibid., p. 10) says that the poem delitanus after Odus, Petrus in Kristeller, Iter scribes very vividly the day of a humanistI 503 [Index] is to be corrected). A Sabine teacher, probably in one of the elementary town (in the modern form Montopoli, how- schools maintained by the Studio in all ever) is the correct one as we learn from the the riont of Rome, and observes in a note description near the end of Book X of the (50) that the humanists sometimes moved Commentarii rerum memorabilium of Pope from these schools to the university faculty Pius II (Enea Silvio Piccolomini): Non and vice versa. The poem, which goes back procul hinc [i.e., ab arce Farfensi] Montopo- to the pontificate of Nicholas V (1447-1455),

lis cernitur: unde nostra aetate Petrus explains also that Petrus early became an Romam venit, non ignobilis poeta, qui orphan and lost his paternal home.

heroicis lyricisque versibus multa conscrip- In the elegiac epistle to Tortelli, who has sit. Desipuit tamen, et furore percitus, in recommended other pursuits as more ljumorbum incidit, ex quo nondum senex obiit crative (unless this is only a poetic fiction), (ed. Frankfurt, 1614, 274). (Since there is Petrus defends his practice of writing Latin internal evidence that Book XII of the verse ; in particular, poetry consoled him at Commentarii was finished by 1463 and since, the time of the death of his young son. furthermore, Pius died in 1464, we have a Petrus was greatly interested in grammar terminus ante quem for Odus’ death which and especially admired the De orthographia makes Zabughin’s ‘1465-1466, circa’ [Giu- of Tortelli and the author himself. Tortelli lio Pomponio Leto 1 23] too late. Della Torre was a great friend and a patron of his ; observes [op. cit. infra, 71 n. 1 on 72] that another patron was Cardinal Nicolaus CusaOdus’ death turns out to be previous to nus. But Odus had often to struggle against 1466). P. de Nolhac, Bibl. de Fulvio Or- poverty and was always a hard worker. He 3/1

LATIN AUTHORS

explained the poets and taught grammar and rempto !/Quale decus Latium perdidit ante rhetoric. diem!...Zabughin has either read _ too

Another of Odus’ friends was Theodorus much into perempto, or he has taken over Gaza, whose version of the Epistles of Pha- material from the poem immediately follaris he emended (cf. Graziosi, op. cit. in- lowing in Ms. Angel. 1350 in honor of Mellita

fra, p. 15). Odus doubtless received his of Spoleto. Fulgentius refers to Odus as a greatest recognition in the pontificate of poet, philosopher, theologian, grammarian, Pius IT (1458-64), and his admiration for and rhetorician and as endowed with all Pius is clear from the Epaenetica that he sorts of talents and virtues : Non fuit in toto

wrote in his honor; aid from Pius, in quisquam prestantior orbe/Doctrina, inparticular an increase in salary, finally took genio, moribus, arte, lyra.

away some of QOdus’ financial worries (cf. Works: He commented on Silius and Graziosi, op. cit. infra, pp. 16, 27-29, 32; Terence (what we have of the Terence com-

Avesani, op. cit. infra, pp. 25-26). mentary is in Ms. Vat. Lat. 7192, fols. 403v-

Odus lectured on Silius at the Studio, but 406V ; see some examples of this in Graziosi, maybe for only one year within the period op. cit. infra, pp. 14-15 ; cf. again Zabughin’s 1457-62. In the summer of 1462 he was in Russian article infra, p. 11, n. 51) ; there are exile from Rome. The exile may have been notes of his in Mss. of Calpurnius Siculus,

self-imposed, and Petrus seems to have Ovid, and Martial (cf. Graziosi, op. cit. suffered from a persecution complex. In infra, p. 19; Avesani, op. cit. infra, p. 27,

any event, in two letters of 1462 he says that n. 50; and Ruysschaert, ‘Miniaturistes,’ an attempt had been made in Rome to pp. 270-271 and 271, n. 167). He wrote many poison him. The letters, both written from epistles in both prose and verse and a great Olivetum (Alvito, prov. Frosinone ; cf. Delz deal of other poetry in various meters, and Il 437 n. 5), are to a pupil Marinus Turanen- composed a grammatical work. Flavio sis, whom he is going to visit in Sulmona, Biondo says of him (loc. cit. infra): gramand to Tortelli. The first explains that he maticus Romae celeber Nasonianam Flachad found refuge at Olivetum in a house of cianamque simul in omni carminum genere

the Guantelmi (Cantelmi) family. facultatem facilitatemque est nactus; GiPius II’s report that Odus died mad is raldi (loc. cif. infra) calls him: poeta et

consistent with the latter’s assertion, in a orator non incelebris, qui Romae illis temletter to Tortelli (Vat. Lat. 3908, fol. 223), poribus professus est, quibus Pomponius that for two years he has suffered because Laetus adhuc iuvenis clarescere coepit, ‘vel... sidera... vel meus genius fortasse quin et illi aliquamdiu, ut scribit Sabellicus perversus vel hominum facinorosa malitia et [see the Opera omnia, 1560 ed., IV 460], sceleratae insidiae’ have persecuted him ; operam dedit.

the letter evinces an ill-concealed fear of Sabellicus’ comparison of the talent of madness and ends with a rather feeble Philelphus and of Petrus (cf. above under rejection of suicide as an escape from suf- Biogr.) continues: extat eius carmen ad fering. Zabughin was not warranted in Calistum pontificem magni quidem profecdeducing that Odus had been assassinated tus index, si longior illi vita contigisset. from the epitaph in elegiacs by the Roman Where the poem can be found today, if it is jurisconsult Fulgentius Statius (Mss. Rome still extant, seems not to be known. But Angel. 1350, fol. 300 ; Vat. Lat. 2769, fol. 1¥; of many of Odus’ poems, as of many of his

cf. Graziosi, op. cit. infra, pp. 36-37):... letters, we know the Ms. whereabouts (cf. Quicquid enim facili vates resonabat ab the references given in Cagni, Campana, ore,/Versus erat magno conditus eloquio./ Delz, and Kristeller below). These poems Philosophus rerum causas scrutarier om- (and three prose letters) have now been nes/Noverat et summi mistyca sacra dei ;/ published by Maria Teresa Graziosi AcGrammaticus celeber, rhetor clarissimus quaro (op. cit. infra). Among them are an omni/Hic demum ingenua primus in arte epigram for Gianozzo Manetti, the Opusculum fuit./O dolor, o quanta est Oddo iactura pe- Magistri Petri Montopolitani Odi in laudem 372

SILIUS ITALICUS

Pontificis Pii Secundi (485 hexameters), 3370 e alcuni codici del Sirleto,’ Studi poems in the four (or five) books of Epaene- medievali, Serie Terza III (1962) 151-161 at

tica ad Pium II Pont. Max., a poem to Carlo 157 with nn. 22 and 23; J. Delz, ‘Ein

Marsuppini (in Asclepiadic distichs and ap- unbekannter Brief von Pomponius Laetus,’

parently in Odus’ own hand), verses to Italia medioevale e umanislica IX (1966) Flavio Biondo, his petition to Nicolas V uf 417-440 (we shall refer to this hereafter as

ex voto liceat ire ad Mariam Loretam (in Delz II) at 417, 432, 434, 436-438; A. J. 66 Sapphic strophes), his Debarba tonsa Pau- Dunston, ‘Studies in Domizio Calderini,’ li, and his Ovidias (which he recited at Sul- ibid. XI (1968) 71-150+8 pls. at 73, 86-89, 96,

mona in 1462). Most of Odus’ extant letters 98-99, 105; L.(G.) G. Giraldi, De poetis are in Ms. Vat. Lat. 3908 ; the one to Mari- nostrorum temporum (1551) (ed. K. Wotke,

nus Turanensis from Ms. Paris Bibl. Nat. Berlin 1894) 19; Graziosi: listed above 8413 is now printed in Appendix B of Delz under Acquaro; Petrus Marsus in the

II. Flavius Blondus and Fulgentius Statius dedicatory epistle ‘ad ill. Principem Virgimay not be thinking of Odus specifically nium Ursinum’ of his Silius (for the editions as the author of a grammar when they call see the Fortuna above, pp. 351 with nn. 54 him grammaticus. But there is a definite and 64, and below, p. 387) ; R. A. B. Mynors, 15th-century reference to QOdus as_ the C. Valerii Catulli carmina (Oxford 1958) author of a grammatical work though its x n. 2 on xi; Pius II (Enea Silvio Piccolotitle is not,given and we do not know its mini), Commentarii rerum memorabilium, whereabouts today. The reference is made Lib. X (ed. Frankfurt 1614, p. 274); M. by the author of another grammatical work Regoliosi, ‘Nuove ricerche intorno a Gio-

(in Ms. Ven. Marc. Lat. XIV. 109) who vanni Tortelli,’ Jtalia medioevale e uma-

presents himself as a pupil of Laurentius nistica IX (1966) 123-189+5 pls. at 125, 174-

Valla and of Odus; cf. Ruysschaert, ‘A 175, 185-186; F. M. Renazzi, Storia dell’ propos des trois premiéres grammaires Universita degli studj di Roma I (Rome

latines de Pomponio Leto,’ 69. 1803) 161-162, 229, 238; J. Ruysschaert, Bibl.: Cosenza III 2499-2501, V cards ‘A propos des trois premieres grammaires

1271, 1410; Kristeller, ter II 503 (index) and latines de Pomponio Leto,’ Scriptorium XV

II 695 (index) ; Tiraboschi III (Milan 1833) (1961) 68-75; Id., ‘Miniaturistes romains

199 ; Voigt I 479 n. 1, II 209 with n. 2. sous Pie II,’ Enea Silvio Piccolomini,

M. T. Graziosi Acquaro, ‘Petri Odi Monto- Papa Pio II (Atti del Convegno per il quinto politani Carmina nunc primum e libris manu- centenario della morte e altri scritti raccol-

scriptis edita,’ Humanistica Lovaniensia ti da Domenico Maffei; Siena 1968) 245-

XIX (1970) 7-1134+2 pls.; KR. Avesani, 282+35 pls. at 270-271 ; A. Coccius Sabelli‘Epaeneticorum ad Pium II Pont. Max. libri cus, Ennead. X, Lib. VI (Opera. ..in duos V,’ Enea Silvio Piccolomini, Papa Pio II digesta tomos, Basel 1538, II 719 and Opera (Atti del Convegno per il quinto centenario omnia, ibid. 1560, II 591) and Epist., Lib. della morte e altri scritti raccolti da Domeni- XI, M. Antonio Mauroceno equiti (Opera co Maffei ; Siena 1968) 15-97+ 8 pls., passim, omnia IV 458-461 at 460) ; L. Swoboda, Die esp. 25-27 ; A. Beccadelli (Panormita), Epist. handschriftliche Ueberlieferung des Properz Gall. IV 12 (ed. Venice 1553, pp. 81 and 82) ; (typewritten diss., Vienna 1963) 33; A. Flavio Biondo, Italia illustrata (Basel 1559) della Torre, Paolo Marsi da Pescina (Rocca

334F ; D. Bloch, ‘Quelques manuscrits de S. Casciano 1903) 67-71; V. Zabughin,

Pietro di Celano a la Bibliothéque Nationale Giulio Pomponio Leto (Rome-Grottaferrata de Paris,’ Studi di bibliografia. . . in onore di 1909-12) I 7, 15-25 with nn. on 272, 275-279 ;

Tammaro de Marinis (Citta del Vaticano II, 2 p. 417; Id., ‘Julij Pomponij Let,’

1964) I 143-161+8 pls. at 150-152, 158, 159 ; Istoricheskoe Obozrienie XVIII (1914) 7, 9-11.

G. M. Cagni, ‘I codici Vaticani Palatino-

Latini appartenuti alla biblioteca di Gian- 6. Tutus Pompontus LAETus nozzo Manetti,’ La Bibliofilia LXIT (1960) That Pomponius Laetus occupied himself

1-43 at 24 n. 2; A. Campana, ‘Il Vat. lat. with Silius has always been known. He

373

LATIN AUTHORS

was the editor of the second Roman edition fols. 105-146’. There is good evidence that

of the Punica; as we read at the end of it, both of these commentaries stem from Opus iam neglectum Pomponius recognovit Pomponius.

anno domini M. CCCC. LXXI, VI Kal. Several of the items in the Paris Ms. are Mail. Romae. Furthermore, Petrus Marsus signed by Pietro di Celano. Through the gives as the succession of Silian expositors handwriting of those items and in some preceding himself Petrus Montopolita, Pom- other Mss. (not including any Silius) Pietro ponius, and Domitius; cf. p. 351 above. is seen to be the copyist of still other material

Two pieces of evidence from the year in the Ms. in question, e.g., Pomponius’

1468-69, when Pomponius was a prisoner in letter to Giovanni Tron (fol. 175; on the

the Castel S. Angelo, indicate his early handwriting of this letter in particular see concern with the Punica. (1) He cites Silius Delz II 420, n. 2) referred to above and the in a letter to the castellan Rodrigo Sanchez Silian commentary. Pomponius is establishde Arévalo thus: Postea scribit dignitas ed as the source of this commentary through vestra quod virtus nisi collata discriminibus similarities to notes that are clearly his in quae et quanta sit videri non potest... Sic other Silian Mss. (cf. infra). It seems likely,

et sentire videtur Silius Italicus cum ait, therefore, that Pomponius expounded the Ardua virtutem profert via. (For the Mss. Punica while he was in Venice in 1467-68, containing the exchange of letters between just before he was deported to Rome and Pomponio and Rodrigo, Cambridge Corpus imprisoned. We know that Pomponius was Christi College 166 and Ven. Marc. XI 103 the teacher of the sons of eminent families (4361), see Delz I 42 and n. 5. They are during this stay of his in Venice. We know quoted according to the Cambridge Ms. in also that the counts of Celano were in exile Creighton, op. cit. infra, II] 276-284. See at this time from their native seat. Everyalso Zabughin, Giulio Pomponio Leto I thing combines to explain why we have a

145 and n. 426, where his ‘Sil. Ital. XV, letter of Pomponius Laetus to Giovanni 103-4?’ is to be corrected to 11578). (2) Ina Tron and notes of the former on Silius letter to his patron Giovanni Tron in Venice copied into the same Ms. by Pietro di (dated April 28 and which must be of the Celano. year 1468 ; cf. Delz I 42, II 422 (where the The commentary in the Paris Ms. begins

letter is quoted from Ms. Paris Bibl. Nat. Lat. with some remarks on poetry, references to 8413)-423 and nn. 1-3) he says:. . . historia- certain Latin poets through the time of the

rum libros scribo iam tertia fere parte Emperor Heliogabalus, a fairly extensive absoluta...Silium et Valerium Flaccum life of Silius (which includes some confusion

volente Deo finiam. with Statius), mention of Ennius and Nae-

We have a Ms. of Silius (Y) copied by vius, and a history of the Punic Wars. Then Pomponius for his pupil Fabio Mazzatosta ; comes the commentary proper, covering there are also marginal notes by Pomponius Punica I 1-89 and III 311-606. The part in the first part (as far as fol. 26 ; there area in Book III shows verbal correspondences very few brief glosses after that). Fulvio with the marginal notes in B (these notes Orsini, who once owned the Ms., has written are only on the first seven books and of on fol. 1: Silio Italico di mano di Pomponio some scope only in the third). Ms. B, one Leto, con sue notationi, in perg. ; for Pom- of the Canonici collection in the Bodleian, ponius’ hand see Muzzioli, op. cif. infra and comes from Venice ; and the scribe must be Delz I n. 84. Notes in his hand likewise Paolo Marsi. The attention drawn to forms occur in two other Silian codices (marginal of Marsus and Marsicus and to Fucinus in Q, marginal and interlinear in //); cf. in the Ms. might suggest either Pietro Marsi Delz I 104-105, 87-88, 126-127 and nn. of Cese (see the account of him I 8, below) Parts of commentaries on Silius, without or Paolo Marsi of Pescina. Inspection of the text, are found in two miscellaneous autograph, or possibly autograph, Mss. of Mss.: Paris Bibl. Nat. Lat. 8413, fols. 204- the two yields the following: Paolo’s draft 208 and 213-221 and Flor. Laur. plut. 52. 8, of his Bembica peregrina in Ms. Vat. Regin. 374

SILIUS ITALICUS

lat. 1385 is in the same book hand as the (fol. 134) reads: iuvat haec collegisse Lulio text of B (the cursive corrections are too Pomponio praeceptore. O dii immortales few for comparison with the cursive marginal quid si mihi notarii manu adderetis, ut

notes in B), whereas even if Ms. Bern. Iulianas partes quas in lectione retractat

Burgerbib]. 516 is an autograph of Pietro, assequi possem...

the script does not match that of B; cf. The commentary in the Florentine Ms. Delz II 428-430. It seems probable that consists of a life of Silius, some preliminary Paolo, who was in Venice in the first half of remarks on history (particularly the history

1468, made the copy of the Punica (he did of warfare and events leading up to the not get beyond Book XI) in order to have second Punic War), and an exegesis exa text before him during Pomponius’ lec- tending from Punica I 9 to IV 562. (The tures, which he attended at the same time lines are not always commented on in order ;

as Pietro di Celano. As an instance of I 635-694 and IV 1-294 are without comsimilar material taken down by the two mentary). The exegesis shows correspondstudents cf. B, fol. 26% (on III 320 f.): si ences with the scholia in Mss. Y and J/. quando navigia patiuntur naufragium et The scholia in Y are often only marginal ibi perveniunt, Nasamones eos obtruncant et indications of the contents of the poem or comedunt, with Paris Ms. 8413, fol. 213:... brief identifications and practically stop at et si quando navigia naufragium patiuntur III 318 (fol. 26%; there are a very few very et applicant Nasamoniae, Nasamones ob- brief notes after this). The first one (fol. 1 truncatis hominibus homines comedunt et ad I 2) reads : Oenotrus filius Lycaonis regis pingues eligunt. Note also Martial X 44. 1 Arcadiae. Sometimes they attempt an quoted ad Pun. III 598 in both B and the explanation and are longer ; the one on III

Paris Ms. 318 reads : Meninx insula Lotophagorum ad

The commentary in the Florentine Ms. is quos tempestate delatus fuit Ulixes qui presumably a fair copy of a student’s notes Neritius erat. Ideo dat illi tragulam quae taken down from Pomponius’ lecturing at est genus teli Graeci. There are two notethe Studio in Rome. The time of the lec- worthy marginal excursuses of some length : turing would be the period after his release one on Curetes, Corybantes, Cabiri, etc. from prison. (The paper of the codex shows (fol. 12% ad II 93) and one on the fountain

throughout the watermark Briquet 7834 of Hercules at Gades and tides (fol. 22V ad [Rome 1470]; cf. Delz I 39). In any case, III 46 ff.). See Zabughin II 156-157 for the student’s note-taking is proved at mention of these passages and a description fol. 110Y (on I 197) : trying to copy down the of Y (with I, pls. 7 and 9) and II 347-348 names of the seven mouths of the Nile, he nn. 196-197 for a transcription of the second

has to give up:...tarenticum duo alia. passage, and Wardrop, op. cil. infra, pl. 15 celeritas dicentis praeceptoris oppressit. The for a reproduction of fol. 12%. Correspond-

identity of the teacher is proved by the ence between the explanatory material in following: (1) At the end of the second Y and that in the Florence Ms. is illustrated preliminary part of the commentary comes by the following : Y on I 277 (fol. 5) gives :

the sentence: Sic fonte illo uberrimo of- Geryon in Eritra [sic] Hispaniae imperabat fuscati in antiquarii Iulii ad Silium veni- cum duobus fratribus. Ideo fingitur fuisse amus. Antiquarii Iulii obviously refers to tricorpor (cf. Diodor. IV 17, 2; Lucian Tox. Pomponius, who was something of a special- 63; Myth. Vat. I 68; Iust.-Trog. XLIV 4, ist in Roman antiquities and topography ; 14). The Florentine Ms. has (fol. 113): and though the syntactic relations in the sequentia quaedam historia scripta declarasentence are rather puzzling, we should vimus. Repeto aliqua. In Eritrea provincia note that Pomponius is also called a fons Geryones et Cauriscus et alter frater cuius uber in a Carmen in Romae Urbis Genethlia- nomen non repperi adhuc in libris Hispacon of Dom(en)ico Palladio Sorano (cf. Delz niam infestabant. Tris animas. Ob fratres I 41 and n. 4; Dunston, op. cit. infra 87 and tres unanimes. Lucretius autem negat n. 8). (2) The note at the end of Book II fratres istos fuisse et negat Herculem. The 375

LATIN AUTHORS

Scholium in Y on I 13 (fol. 1): Propius bant praecipitare aut in fossas propter id fuere periculo qui vicere, an adaptation of factas aut implicare laqueis, interdum cursu Liv. XXI 1. 2, corresponds with notes in Q fatigabant, nondum erat usus canum. The

and Vat. Inc. I 4 (cf. infra). Florence Ms. reads (fol. 145%): Compara-

The hand of the notes in //, which is not tionem facit poeta. Antiqui venatores sole-

that of the text, belongs to Pomponius’ bant hoc modo uti in venatione: immittemiddle period; its characteristics are the bant ignem silvis, exibant in vasta solitusame as those of Y ; cf. Delz I 126 and Muz- dine ferae et exagitabantur [?]...Hanc

zioli, op. cit. infra. The notes only begin at consuetudinem ponit Lucretius libro ultiIII 531; the three fascicles containing I 1- mo. (The Lucretian passage is actually V III 530 are lost. The folia containing IV 1250-1251). 74-201 are also lost. (For details about these Our Ms. Q, signed by Leonardus lob in missing parts and others see Delz I 126). 1470, shows corrections in another hand, So there are scholia in /J to compare with Which has also added marginalia. This new the commentary in Laur. 52. 8, as there hand is that of Pomponius, the scribe of Y. are scholia in Y to compare with that com- In fact, Y is a copy of Q; cf. Delz I 87 and mentary ; but we do not have notes in Y and n. 60. The marginal notes in Q, infrequent

II to compare with each other. For III after Book IV, are generally only proper 931-714 and IV 295-562 comparison may be names or brief indications of the contents of made between the material in the Florence the poem. The note on the prophecy at VII

Ms. and the notes of //; there are some 476: O superi. Deciperis (fol. 83) is excepparallels in the facts adduced, but no striking tional. The first note (fol. 2 ad I 13) is:

verbal correspondences. propius periculo fuere qui vicere, which we

The interlinear notes in // are frequent ; have seen in Y in a different word order

the marginal ones are also frequent and often (Inc. I 4 gives more of the Livian passage ;

fairly full. We begin (fol. 1) with ex qua see infra). The last explanatory note is to mole written over the Unde of III 531 and, XV 668 (fol. 182); in Illum per mineos et in the margin: pavescebant repetere oculis per densissima ; over mineos of the text is confectum iter. The last marginal gloss is written cuneos. The very last note (textual) to VI 115 (fol. 26%): Quaesivi mortem dig- is in me written over mine at XVI 651 (fol. nam patre, non inveni; the last interlinear 196). gloss is gquondam negaverunt written over the A copy of the editio princeps of Silius in patri of VI 116 (fol. 27). (Beyond this point the Vatican (Inc. I 4) has extensive marginal there are only corrections and variae lec- notes, most in one hand but a few in another. tiones in the margin, or lines that had been Two manuscript folia inserted between skipped are added, e.g., VIII 391-392 on fols. 9 and 10 and containing Plin. Epist. fol. 52%). The note on VI 109 (fol. 26¥) is III 7 and the epigrams of Martial referring important as showing that Pomponius ap- to Silius and his family are in the same hand parently had several Mss. at hand: Aunus as that of the bulk of the notes (the major

Fauni filius regnavit in Etruria. Quidam hand). The minor hand is that of Angelo

scribunt eum fuisse de gente Pelasgica; Colocci (for his handwriting see M. Bertola,

aliqui codices habent Anni. Among the I due primi registri di prestito della Bib-

annotations are many parallel passages from lioteca Apostolica Vaticana [Vatican City Livy copied out word for word. Correspon- 1942}). The major hand seems to us to be dence with the notes of the Florence Ms. is that of Pomponius and, more specifically,

illustrated by the reference to Lucretius, that of his later years, as in Ms. Vat. Lat.

whom Pomponius often invokes, at IV 302 3333 (cf. Muzzioli, op. cit. infra, pl. 33). (although different aspects of the Lucretian The manner and the material in the notes

material are cited). J/ (fol. 6’) has: Com- by the major hand in Inc. I 4 certainly corparatio ab antiquorum venandi studio ut respond with Pomponian notes in the Mss. meminit Lucretius: venatores illi incende- that have now been mentioned. The first bant silvas ut abigerent inde feras quas urge- part of the first note (fol. 1 ad I 2): Oeno376

SILIUS ITALICUS

trus Lycaonis regis Arcadiae filius qui Au- unde Martialis: Asserto qui sacer orbe fuit sones in-sinu Campane [sic] Oenotros ap- [Epigr. VII 63. 10]. Note also the attention pellavit is the same, except for the word drawn _to the same passage in the Pliny letter order, as the first note in Y (quoted above). by Xersis illacrumatio in the incunabulum The note on J 13 (fol. 1) is: Livius ait : Adeo and Xerses rex in Q (fol. 1%).

varia belli fortuna ancepsque Mars fuit ut The last notes in the major hand of Inc. propius periculo fuerint qui vicerunt (see I 4 are (fol. 63%) Classis Punica appulit above for the versions of this in Y and Q; Caietam beside the text and, at the bottom Walters-Conway in their edition give the of the page, a lengthy one: Hannibal ex passage as in our incunabulum except for Allifanis campis movens per Samnium Rothe order fortuna belli and periculum instead mam simulat petere. .. Sed frustra monito of periculo). On IV 456 ff. there jis a note magistro equitum Romam ad sacra conces-

of some length in the [incunabulum (fol. Sit.

35) as to whether it was Scipio who The commentaries in the Paris and Florsaved his father at the battle of the Ticinus ence Mss. have different material more often

(Livy’s Malim equidem de filio verum esse than the same material. Some items in [XXI 46. 10] is quoted) with brief notes also the Florence commentary give the impres-

ad 460, 468 (Humeris impositum patrem sion that Pomponius is controverting what refert in castra Scipio), and 473. JI (fol. 8Y) we find in the Paris Ms.; he may well be has an even longer note (with the same quo- correcting himself. On III 364 the Paris tation from Livy). The Fiorence Ms. also Ms. reads (fol. 2157): Tlepolemus ille qui has a fair-sized note (fol. 146), without the fuit in bello Troiano, whereas the LaurenLivy passage but with the statement : Ceteri tian Ms. has (fol. 141%): Tlepolemus scilicet

vero poetae ponunt servatum a filio pubes- etiam venit populus. Nec est is qui fuit in cente. At IV 603 the incunabulum has bello Troiano. On IIT 396: Arganthoniacos (fol. 36%) : virtus in adversis ; // has (fol. 11) : the Paris Ms. gives (fol. 217) a long list of

virtus in rebus adversis enitescit. At IV longaevi; Laur. 58. 2 (fol. 142) cites just 610 the incunabulum has (fol. 37): Fibre- two of these, with the added comment: nus elephantos invadit; J has (fol. 11): taceamus exempla. Fibrenus audax et intrepidus ad mortem On the other hand, the long genealogical

vulneravit elephantum dextro oculo. At notes ad I 73 in the Paris and Florence Mss. IV 628 the incunabulum has (fol. 37): have much in common and show the same Theraei Cyrenen condiderunt qui venerunt e Pomponian lore: (Paris Ms., fol. 208): Laconia; /7 has (fol. 11%): qui a Lacedae- Inachus genuit Io, Io Belum... Polydorus

moniis ortum habebat. Labdacum, Labdaus [sic] Laium. Phoenix Pomponius was interested in geography nomen dedit Phoeniciae, Cilix nomen Cili-

and natural history and in authors like ciae ut meminit Herodotus. (Florence Ms., Strabo. So we find in the incunabulum at fol. 107): A Belo altius repetere _licet. the top of fol. 20: De causa fluxus et re- Inachus rex Graecorum creavit Io. .. Polyfluxus Oceani, lege Strabonem libro III and dorus Labdacum, Labdacus Lagum [sic]. . .

in the margin ad III 45-46 Fluxus et re- Ms. Paris Bibl. Nat. Lat. 8413: fluxus Oceani, ad 49-50 Causa incrementi, Introd. [Inc.|]: (fol. 204) Varro in libro ad 58-59 Alia incrementi causa: a luna. de [space in text] tria necessaria: Origo, Compare this with Q (fol. 26%) ad III 59- ars et dignitas [R R 111.1]. Canere proprie

60: Fluxus et et [sic] refluxus Oceani secun- poetarum ut meminit Quintilianus in libro dum lunam apud Posidonium et Strabonem. de gestu vocis [Insé. or. I 8. 2]. Terentius There are glosses in both Inc. I 4 and Q quidam scripsit dactylico [Terenti given in on the Plinian life of Silius that is quoted. margin] carmine et combusta fuerunt eius

There are a few correspondences here. opera volente sic populo [cf. Plin. NH

Compare in the incunabulum Silio cos. periit XIII 84 and F. Miinzer, ‘Terentius (20),’ Nero with Q (fol. 1%): Silio consule periit PW VA (1934) 596]. Quis fuerit primus

Nero cuius nece liberatus fuit orbis terrarum, auctor carminis ignoratur. Livius Androni377

LATIN AUTHORS

cus dedit fabulas Latinis, hoc est, transtulit Aegypto contulit se in Phoeniciam et genuit

Homerum...An{[?] Silius natus sub fine Abantem. Abas enim in obliquis accipit.

principatus Tiberii e gente Siliorum primis Abas Acrisium, Agenorem, et Pretim [Proeannis pedestri oratione, post sumpta coniuge tum?]...Agave Pentheum, Semele Bac-

suscepit filium et postea Silium Severum chum, Polydorus Labdacum...

{as one sentence in the Ms. despite the [inc. of second part of commentary,

anacoluthon)}... Scripsit puerilia quaedam fol. 213]: (1IJ 311 re the lotus): Odore, quae appellantur Silvae propter aestuantem Sapore, suavitate similis est palmae. Conanimi affectum (cf. Stat. Silv. praef. Ij. ficitur et ex eo fructu vinum quod appellant Et Quintilianus in XI° sic ait: Et Papinius melilotum. Qui gustant loti fructum non

quia ut in silvis ex tempore nascuntur amplius ab arbore discedunt.. ./...[Ezpl.

arbore(s) sic ex tempore nascitur aliquid in of second part of commentary, fol. 221%] (III nobis in iuventute. Ennius et Naevius scrip- 603-606 re Titus) : Erat vaticinium quod ex ea

serunt de secundo bello Punico, quem li- urbe erat orturus vir dominaturus totum orbrum Quintus Argunteus [a mistake for bem... Palaestina nunc,pro Iudaeaet pro aviQuintus Vargunteius, and he did not divide ta. Here the notes cometo an abrupt stop but Naevius’ poem into books — that was C. then continue in the left-hand margin with : Octavius Lampadio — but recited Ennius ; Palaestina regio est pro iudeam [sic] per ef. Suet. Gramm. 2. 4] divisit in septem libros quam labitur Euphrates et per Iudaeam propterea quod videretur longior. Armis fordanis labitur per vallem [ericon et non {mistake for annis] XXIIII secundum bel- habet exitum ad mare... eum dicam lacum lum Punicum; omnia bella Punica annis Sodomae. Contagionem e lacu accipit, nelxii duraverunt. .. Deinde in Cannensi clade que eius aquam amplius dulcedinem (then paene interiit, paene omnes Centenius pro- an illegible word). Deinde labitur per camittens afferre caput Hannibalis. Hannibal vum et non amplius videtur. occurrens ei in Campania (blank in text) et See for some of this material quoted from ibi interfectus cum milibus XIIII (nm over the Paris Ms. Bloch, op. cit., p. 156.

XIII) (then something illegible) (cf. Sil. Ms. Flor. Laur. plut. 52. 8.

XII 468, Liv. XXV 19. 9 fi.). Introd.: [Incipit of Vita, fol. 105]: Silius (Inc. of first part of commentary, fol. patre Silio viro consulari natus sub Tiberio

2047] : (1 1) Incipit more illorum qui texunt Germanico imperatore extitit (extitit crossed

telam nam orsa appellantur stamina non out) matre Fulvia. Filios duos habuit Sevemore poetico. (I 2) Patronomica [sic] a rum et P. Silium (corrected from Severum P

fluviis et a locis habent patronomicam [sic] et Silium). . . [Explicit of Vita] : Sub Nerone originem sed proprie a patre unde Aeneadae famam laesit. In Vitellii amicitia se sapienter

ab auctore gentis. Ferox: belli furor et et communem gesserat. Ex proconsulatu

bellicosus cum aliqua tamen fallacia: An- Asiae gloriam reportavit.

naeus Florus: post Carthaginem victam Primi omnium quantum in historiis comnemo puduit nitere [ungrammatical; cf. prehenditur Assyrii duce Cyro finitimis

Florus I 23. 1: post Carthaginem vinci ne- bella paraverunt. Epirotae primo Pyrrhidae minem puduitj. Oenotria: Itala ab Oenotria dicti a Pyrrho filio Achillis cognominati. . . Oenotros, a Latio Latios Italos. Antigonus (fol. 105) Appetebant enim maxime Siciet Varro in Originibus et Dio. Halicarnas- liam, insulam contiguam lItaliae, Carthaseus : Phoroneus primus qui in Graecia reg- ginenses. Mago perfidus, malignus, ferox navit qui ge(nuit) Niobem ; haec Lycaonem, periurus extitit. Sic fonte illo uberrimo ofhic ex quattuor uxoribus XXIIII liberos fuscati in antiquarii Iuliiad Silium veniamus.

habuit quibus volebat dare Arcadiam.. ./... [Inc., fol. 105%] (I 9): Iuratum Iovi: [Expl. of first part of commentary, fol. percussum foedus erat ex vino et amici-

207%}: (I 85) Mortales pro hominibus ut tia: ex vino et caesa porca, unde Virgilius : apud Livium. (fol. 208) (I 86-89): the long Caesa iungebant foedera porca [Aen. VIII genealogical explanation mentioned above: 641], vel percussum foedus ex vino cum san-

Inachus ge(nuit) Io, Io Belum. Belus ex guine mixto: ut est apud Sallustium in

378

SILIUS ITALICUS

Catilinario (corrected to Catilinae bello): imprisonment), Fortunatus (after his reCatilinam enim libasse cum sociis vinum cum lease). He went as a young man to Sicily,

sanguine mixtum [cf. Cat. XXII 1].../... then came c. 1450 to Rome, where he heard [Expl., fol. 146%] (1V 562): Phoenices pera- Valla and Petrus Odus Montopolitanus. grata magna orbis parte consederunt inter He succeeded Odus as professor of eloquence Palaestinam et Assyriam ubi condiderunt at the Studio in Rome c. 1464-65. Tyronet Sidona. Ab his regibus originem du- He was concerned with Latin literature cebat Dido. Duces Carthaginensium et unde and the text of Latin authors but also with Hannibal habuit originem. Mago originem Roman epigraphy, history, and topography ; habuit a Barca socio Didonis unde et Hamil- hence his name of Iulius Antiquarius. He

car etiam cognominatur Barca. almost made a cult of ancient Rome and

Manuscripts : regularly celebrated the birthday of the

Florence, Laur. plut. 52. 8, fols. 105-146¥ ; city, but it seems doubtful that he knelt s. XV (not after 1473). (Bandini, Catalogus daily before an altar dedicated to Romulus

Il [1775] 551-552). (cf. Zabughin I 99). His great regard for

Oxford, Bodleian Canon. Class. Lat. 116, ancient Rome did not preclude an interest marginal notes ; s. XV (s. XVI ineuntis ac- in his own times, nor did it make him anticording to Blass) (B). (Catalogi codicum manu- Greek ; he had little acquaintance, however,

scriptorum Bibliothecae Bodletanae, pars 3 with the Greek language before the age of (1854), col. 158; Blass, op. cit., p. 181; 40. He founded what became known as the

Delz I 47-48b). Academia Pomponiana or Romana. Its mem-

Paris, Bibl. Nat. Lat. 8413, fols. 204-208, bers were given or assumed classical names, 213-221; s. XV. (Catal. Bibl. Regiae, pars which has caused difficulties in identifying tertia, tomus quartus (Paris 1744) 456; many of them. Several of the members acted Bloch, op. cit. (in bibliog. for Petrus Odus) ; in Latin plays (Plautus, Terence, perhaps Se-

Delz II, passim, esp. 431-435). neca, possibly some more modern ones),

Vatican, Borg. Lat. 417 (M. VIII 20), in- which were staged and directed by Pom-

terlinear and marginal notes ;s. XV (//). (Delz ponius ; so he is often considered to have reI 126-127 ; G. Wartenberg, ‘Zu den Textes- established the theater at Rome.

quellen des Silius Italicus,’ Jahrbicher fiir Pomponius spent a considerable amount of classische Philologie XXXIII (1887) 431- time in Venice between 1460 and 1465, and

432). it may have been on his way there that he Vatican, Vat. Lat. 1651, marginal notes ; stayed for a while with Cosimo de’ Medici in 1470(Q). (B. Nogara, Codices Vaticani Latini Florence. In the summer of 1467 Pomponius

III [1912] 132; Blass., op. cit., p. 177). went to Venice again. He was annoyed

Vatican, Vat. Lat. 3302, marginal notes ; because his salary at the Studio had been

s. XV (Y). (Inventarium librorum latinorum stopped, and he wanted to sail from Venice Mss. Bibl. Vat. IV 324; Blass, op. cit., p. for Greece and the Orient to learn Greek and 178 ; Delz I 104-105 ; Kristeller, Iter 11 318). Arabic. In the meantime he took private

Vatican, Inc. I 4 (a copy of the editio pupils in Venice. The next year a charge princeps of Silius), marginal notes. of sodomy was brought against him there.

Biography : In the same year the Pomponian Academy,

Iulius Pomponius Laetus (Giulio Pom- which had fallen under suspicion (there were ponio Leto) was born an illegitimate son of rumors of paganism and Epicureanism), was

the family of the Sanseverino at Diano in dissolved by Pope Paul II. Many of its

the province of Salerno in 1428 ; he died at members were arrested and imprisoned in

Rome in 1498. Many variations of the the Castel S. Angelo. Pomponius was

epithets applied to him are found (see Co- extradited from Venice and also imprisoned senza IV 2906 and V card 1459 for these) : there. There were two trials (1468, 1469). e.g., Balbus (since he had an impediment in The charges against Pomponius in the first his speech), Laetus (because of his happy one were: 1. sodomy; 2. connections with disposition), Infortunatus (because of his Callimachus Experiens (Filippo Buonaccor379

LATIN AUTHORS

si), considered the head of a conspiracy to opp. citt. infra under Petrus Paganus I 8. kill the pope; 3. lése-majesté against the Before his return to Rome in 1483 Pompopope ; 4. disrespectful remarks about priests ; nius stopped for a while in Florence; cf.

5. heresy. The charges against the Pom- Sabbadini, op. cit. infra 374. If he ever

ponians in the second trial were limited to went to Bobbio, 1480 or 1482-83 would be a heresy and impiety. What became of ail possible date ; cf. Zabughin ITI 111.

the charges of the two trials is not clear, Pomponius finally married, in 1479 or a although the charge of heresy was not little before, and had two daughters, Niestablished. In any case, the humanists gella and Fulvia. Fulvia was well known for were released from prison in 1469-70 but her ability in Italian poetry and in modern still confined for a time to the papal palace, languages. Nigella surpassed her in clas-

the Vatican, or the city of Rome. The sical studies, assumed the name Melantho Academy was re-established along more after she had made some progress with Christian lines in 1478 under Sixtus IV. Greek, and seems to have done some Ms.Pomponius returned to his professorial copying for her father (Vat. lat. 3295, the chair c. 1470. He made a trip to northern Vespi Martial, may be in her hand). She Europe, especially Russia, that lasted from may have become the wife of Lelio Antonio June 1472 to the spring of 1473. Another Augusto, who apparently served also as copytour of his in northern Europe extended ist to Pomponius and is perhaps to be iden-

from the spring of 1479 to that of 1483; tified with Pomponius’ successor Antonio Avogaro’s term ‘legatio Britannica’ may Baldi at the Studio ; cf. Zabughin II 67. refer to this, though from sources other than Pomponius himself wrote out many Mss.,

Pomponius himself or Avogaro we hear notably a Lucan, a Statius, an Ovid, and

rather of Germany : Pomponius and others the Silius for his pupil Fabio Mazzatosta. in the retinue of Cardinal Osia di Podio were For a time around 1471 he was the superto have Mss. in the churches, monasteries, intendent of the press of G. Lauer. etc. of Germany copied. Pomponius says The period after his reappointment at the nothing of this aspect of his travels in his Studio was a happy one for Pomponius. extant writings and notes (his Commentario- His fame as a scholar brought students to li on his tours are lost). He refers in the main him even from beyond the Alps. He was to the customs of the Russians, and chiefly well paid ; in 1496 he was drawing an annual in notes on Virgil’s Georgics explaining salary of 300 Roman florins. The statement ‘Scythian’ practices. He may have been commonly made about Pomponio’s poverty crowned poet laureate in Germany by the during these times must be rejected as false.

Emperor Frederick III in the winter of But he apparently preferred to live simply. 1482-83 before his return to Rome; see He may not have known how to be eco-

Zabughin I 197 and nn. for references to nomical, and he may have spent a great deal Petrus Marsus’ funebris oratio and to a pas- on Mss. and books and on his collection of sage in Iacopo Gherardi da Volterra. Marsus inscriptions. He had two small houses on

seems, however, to imply a special trip to the Quirinal. His property went to Mat-

Germany for this. Furthermore, what (t)hias, a favorite pupil. Gherardi actually says is: recitatum est Pomponius’ teachers were Theodorus Gaad mensam [the lunch that was part of the za, Laurentius Valla, Petrus Odus Montocelebration on April 20, 1483 in Rome of politanus.

the birthday of the city] Federici III For his pupils see Cosenza IV 2913 (4

Cesaris privilegium sodalitati concessum cards marked ‘Pupils’) and V cards 1459

(presumably the privilege granted to the and 1460 (cf. also IV 2906, first card:

Academy of crowning poets) ; see Gherardi, ‘Pomponii discipulus’). Note among these op. cit. infra, 117 and Tiraboschi ITI (Milan the Silian scholars Hermannus Buschius and

1833) 535. Pomponius’ crowning is not Petrus Marsus. mentioned by either Lancetti or Schotten- Works (dates and places, when given,

loher, ‘Kaiserliche Dichterkrénungen.. .,’ refer only to the first edition or the first one 380

SILIUS ITALICUS

that we know of; for further details see plut. XLVII, 15 with a Vita); Virgil, some Cosenza IV 2907-2914): Of ancient authors of the so-called App. Vergiliana plus the Bubesides Silius he edited Donatus, Ars minor colics and Georgics (Brescia 1487; notes on (posthumous ed., Venice 1500); Frontinus, some of the so-called App. Vergiliana and

De aquis...(with J. Sulpitius, Rome c. the Georgics in Ms. Vat. lat. 3255) and the 1486); Nonius Marcellus (with Volsco and Aeneid (Brescia 1487 { ?}).

others, Rome c. 1470); Pliny, Epist. libri Pomponius’ life of Lucan, somewhat 1-9 (Rome 1490); Sallust, with a Vita of revised, was printed in the ed. princ. of his own composition (Rome 1490) ; Terence Lucan (Rome 1469). His lives of Statius and

(Parma in the 1480’s); Varro, De lingua of Statius’ father are given in a revised and Latina (Rome c. 1471). He prepared emen- expanded form in L. G. Giraldi’s Historiae dations to Vitruvius that were printed in poetarum tam Graecorum quam Latinorum J. Sulpitius’ edition of that author (Rome c. dialogi decem (Basel 1545), pp. 530-535

1486). (in Dial. IV).

He corrected editions of Q. Curtius Rufus Pomponius may have commented on

(Rome or Venice c. 1470-1471), of Pompeius Juvenal; cf. Sanford, loc. cit. infra. The Festus (Rome c. 1471), and of a Latin ver- so-called Modestus de vocabulis rei militaris sion of Dionysius Periegetes (Rome c. 1497- ad Tacitum Aug. may be by Pomponius or 1498). He may have corrected an edition of by one of his pupils ; cf. Schanz IV, 1, 197. Nepos (Venice (?) in the 1490’s) and have The first printed grammatical treatise by corrected or supervised an edition of Martial Pomponius (Venice 1484) is a summary of

(Rome c. 1471). four earlier grammatical studies of his; He wrote commentaries and notes on cf. Ruysschaert, opp. cift. infra. several of the authors above and on many Pomponius compiled a sylloge of the

others. Much of this exegetical material is inscriptions he had collected. In topography in Mss. which Pomponius had before him there are the Excerpta a Pomponio dum inter in his lecturing (Zabughin’s ‘chirografi’) or ambulandum cuidam domino ultramontano in Mss. giving his notes as copied down by reliquias ac ruinas urbis ostenderet in Mss. students (Zabughin’s ‘dictata’), some of it Ven. Marc. Lat. X 195 (3453), Flor. Bibl. is in both ; some of it was published, either Gall. Uffizi 7 b (formerly V 2), and Stuttby itself or in variorum editions. So there gart cod. hist. Q. 316 and a corrupt text of are comments by him on Cicero (the Philip- the same (cf. Zabughin IT 171) in printed picae in Ms. Vat. lat. 3229, various orations editions called De antiquitatibus urbis Roin Vat. lat. 3233) ; Claudian (cf. Zabughin II mae libellus or De Romanae urbis vetustate 226 ff.); Columella, Lib. X (in an edition (Rome 1510); his poem Stationes Romanae of several agricultural authors, Bologna quadragesimali ietunio in Ms. Ambros. F. 36. 1494); Florus (in Mss. Vat. lat. 3333 and Sup. and in F. Schottus, Itinerarii Italiae. . .

Ottob. lat. 1496) ; Horace (in Ms. Vat. lat. libri tres...e.g., 4th ed.(Antwerp 1625)

2769) ; Lucan, with a Vifa (in Ms. Vat. lat. 505-508 ; and his regionarium in Ms. Barb. 3285) ; Martial (probably H 10805; in Ms. lat. 28, with a ‘working copy’ in Vat. lat.

Brit. Mus. King’s 32; cf. Fairbank, op. 3394, a copy in Stuttgart cod. hist. Q.

cit. infra); Ovid, Fasti (in Mss. Vat. lat. 316, and material gathered by someone of

3263 and 3264); the first part of Quinti- the school of Pomponius in Marc. Lat. X 195 lian (Venice 1494); Silius; Statius, The- (3453). For a modern printing of the regiona-

baid, with a Vita of the poet and the rium and the Excerpta and for references to

poet’s father (in Ms. Vat. lat. 3279); Va- Pomponius see Valentini-Zucchetti, op. cit. lerius Flaccus (in Ms. Vat. lat. 5337; infra ; for a modern printing of the Stationes, for these notes copied by hand into a print- Marucchi, op. cit. infra. ed edition of Valerius (Bologna 1519) see Certain of Pomponius’ works came to be Sabbadini, op. cif. infra); Varro, De lingua printed together fairly often. In the Opera Latina (in Mss. Vat. lat. 3415 with a Vita, (Strassburg 1515) we have Romanae historiae

Escorial. g. III. 27, Angel. 1348, and Laur. compendium ab interitu Gordiani Iuntoris 381

LATIN AUTHORS

usque ad lustinum III (first printed ed. pls. at 57-58, 76, 81-82, 143; W. Beloe, Venice 1499, extant also in Ms. Monac. lat. Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books, 928); De Romanorum magistratibus, sacer- passim, esp. III (1808) 257-264 (‘George dotiis, turisperitis, et legibus ad M. Pantaga- Laver’), 292-298 (‘Pomponius Laetus’); thum libellus (first printed at Venice c. 1490, S. Bertelli, “Noterelle Machiavelliane,’ Rithen by Mazochi at Rome in 1510, and often vista storica italiana LX XIII (1961) 544-555,

thereafter) ; De antiquitatibus urbis Romae LXXVI (1964) 774-792 ; I. Carini, La ‘ Di-

libellus; and Epistolae aliquot familiares fesa’ di Pomponio Leto, in Nozze Cian-

— along with Sabellicus’ letter to M. Anto- Sappa Flandinet (Bergamo 1894) 151-193 ;

nius Maurocenus about the life of Pompo- M. Creighton, A History of the Papacy nius. Pomponius himself preferred the during the Period of the Reformation ITI title Caesares for his epitome of Roman (London 1887) 41-47, 275, 276-284 (corhistory. The scope of the Ms. and the respondence between Pomponio and Ro-

printed versions varies ; the Ms. one begins drigo) ; C. De Frede, ‘II concetto umanistico

later (with Valentinian I), for instance, and di nobilta: Pomponio Leto e la sua fami-

omits the section on Mohammed. That glia,’ Annali della Facolta di Lettere e

section (De exortu. Mahometis) was often Filosofia (Napoli) II (1952) 205-226; J. printed separately or with other works, Delz, ‘Ein unbekannter Brief von Pom-

e.g., with the Bellum Christianorum prin- ponius Laetus,’ Italia medioevale e umacipum of Robertus Remensis and other nistica IX (1966) 417-440; A. J. Dunston,

items (Basel 1533). ‘A Student’s Notes of Lectures by Giulio

Among Pomponius’ other works are Pomponio Leto,’ Antichthon I (1967) 86poems (e.g., a Sapphic ode on the papal- 94; Id., Four Centres of Classical Learning Venetian victory of 1482), letters, com- in Renaissance Italy (The Australian Acadmentarioli on his travels, a ‘liber inhones- emy of the Humanities, Occasional Paper 1. tus’ (cited by the three heads of the Vene- Sydney 1972) 22-26 ; Id., ‘Pope Paul II and tian Consiglio dei Dieci), his defense (a the Humanists,’ The Journal of Religious copy in Ms. Vat. lat. 2934; cf. also Carini, History VII (1973) 287-306; A. Fairbank, op. cit. infra), and inscriptions (e.g., one on ‘Three Renaissance Scripts,’ Journal of an inudation of Rome in Ms. Marc. lat. XII, the Society for Italian Handwriting XXXII

220). (Autumn 1962) 9,11 and ‘Bartolomeo San Bibl.: Cosenza IV 2906-2914, V cards Vito,’ ibid. XXXVII (Winter 1963) 14f. ;

1457-1460 ; Eckstein 332; Ene. Ital. XX M. Fernus, Juliti Pomponii Laeti Elegium his-

976-977 ; Ersch and Gruber II. Sect. 42. toricum (e.g., in Fabricius BLMA VI 629Teil 219-220; Fabricius BLMA IV 480- 632); Il diario romano di Iacopo Gherardi 482; K. Gesner, Bibliotheca universalis da Volterra...a cura di E. Carusi, Rerum (Zurich 1545, reprinted Osnabriick 1966) Italicarum Scriptores Tom. XXIII, Parte fol. 568, 568 ; Gesner-Simler-Frisius (Zurich III (Citta di Castello 1904) Ixxi, 98, 117; 1583) p. 584; Hoefer XL (1862) 725-727 ; L. (G.) G. Giraldi, De poetis nostrorum temJ6cher ITI 1679-1680 and Fortsetzung und porum (1551) (ed. K. Wotke, Berlin 1894) Ergdnzungen VI(Bremen 1819) 582-584 ; 19, 24, 62, 95 ; F. Gregorovius, Geschichte der Kristeller, [ter I 490 (Index), II 676 (Index) ; Stadt Rom im Mittelalter. .. VII‘ (StuttMichaud? XXXIV (n. d.) 39-40 ; Nicéron VII gart 1894) 576-585 ; Petrus Marsus, Funebris

28-40 and X-2, 223-31; Pékel 155; Rossi® oratio habita Romae in obitue Pomponii (1956) xv, 313-316, 318, 319, 382, 483, 530, Laeti (s. 1. n. a.; Inc. Magl. L. 6, 66, b); 556; Sandys II 92-93, 97, 103, 114, 156; H.(O.) Marucchi, Eléments d’archéologie Tiraboschi (Milan 1833) II 532-533, 573, III chrétienne III (Paris-Rome 1902) 62-65 87-89, 178-179 ; Voigt II 237-241, 394 ; Zed- (text of Pomponius’ Stationes); M. May-

ler XXVIII 1415-1417. lender, Storia delle accademie d’Italia IV

R. Avesani and B. M. Peebles, ‘Studies in (Bologna etc. 1929) 320-327; G. Mercati, Pietro Donato Avogaro of Verona,’ Ifalia Per la cronologia della vita e degli scritti di medioevale e umanistica V (1962) 1-84+2 Niccold Perotti... (Studi e Testi 44, Rome 382

SILIUS ITALICUS

1925) 82-83 ; G. Muzzioli, ‘Due nuovi codici dedicatory epistle to Lorenzo de’ Medici autografi di Pomponio Leto,’ Italia me- which prefaces the Commentary on Martial dioevale e umanistica II (1959) 337-351- pls. (1 Sep. 1473): superiore triennio quo Romae

XXIX-XXXIV; P. de Nolhac, La_ bib- publica mercede docui in Silio, Cicerone, liothéque de Fulvio Orsint (Paris 1887) ; Silvisque Papinii aliisque quos professi suE. Pellegrin, “Le Codex Pompontt Romani mus scriptoribus..... What is probably a de Lucréce,’ Latomus VII (1948) 77-82; reference to the conclusion of his course is J. Ruysschaert, “Les manuels de grammaire found in his autograph note, at the end of latine composés par Pomponio Leto,’ Scrip- the text of the Punica, on fol. 210 of Vat. forium VIII (1954) 98-107 and ‘A propos des Ottob. lat. 1258, which also contains the ‘St. trois premiéres grammaires latines de Pom- Gall fragment’ of the Argonautica of Valerius

ponio Leto,’ ibid. XV (1961) 68-75; R. Flaccus: Domitius Veronensis totum opus

Sabbadini, ‘Del commento di Pomponio publice exposuit Romae in academia publico Leto a Valerio Flacco,’ Bollettino di filologia salario conductus die VII° Idus Martii classica II (1895-1896) 165-166 and rev. of MCCCCLXXITI (the words publice and Mercati, op. cit. supra, Giornale storico della die were later erased). Underneath is added,

letteratura italiana LXXXVITI (1926) 370- also in the hand of Calderini though in a 376 at 374; A. Coccius Sabellicus, Epist. different ink, codicem hunc habuit in manipassim (correspondence with Pomponius) bus a nono in calcem, in superioribus altero and the letter to Marcantonio Morosini on usus est. In point of fact annotations by the life of Pomponius (see reference under Calderini are to be found in the manuscript P. Odus Montopolitanus) ; E. M. Sanford in from VIII 498 (fol. 99) onwards: these are, Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum however, mainly corrections of the text, I (1960) 238; B. L. Ullman, ‘The Dedica- some made after collation of the text with tion Copy of Pomponio Leto’s Edition of another, others by emendation. Sallust and the “Vita” of Sallust,’ Studies It is clear from the xgoogwyrnatc de obin the Italian Renaissance (Rome 1955) servationibus which follows the elucubratio 365-372; V. Ussani, ‘Le annotazioni di in quaedam Propertii loca appended, with Pomponio Leto a Lucano,’ Rendiconti della other items, to the edition of the comReale Accademia dei Lincei, Scienze Morali, mentary on the Silvae of Statius (Rome, Ser. Quinta, XIII (1904) 366-385; R. Va- Sweynheym and Pannartz, 13 Aug. 1475, lentini and G. Zucchetti, Codice Topografico HC 14983) that in 1475, though Calderini della Citta di Roma (= Fonti per la Storia had prepared his lecture notes for publicad’ Italia, vols. 81, 88, 90, 91) I (Rome 1940) tion, the material had not yet been given to 193-258 (Pomponius’ regionarium), IV the printers: quibus (sc. commentariis iam (ibid. 1953) 421-436 (Excerpta of Pompo- editis) si addidero commentationes in episnius) and 591 (Index); P. Verrua, Umanis- tolas ad Atticum, in Suetonium Tranquilti ed altri ‘studiosi viri’. .. (Geneva 1924) lum, et in Silium [talicum, quae omnia iam 214 (Index); J. Wardrop, The Script of collegimus et composuimus, consilio meo Humanism. . . (Oxford 1963) 20-23, 30-34, satisfecero et voluntati amicorum. No 43; V. Zabughin, ‘L’insegnamento universi- printed edition of the Commentary on Silius tario di Pomponio Leto,’ Rivista d’Italia is known today, and it looks as if Calderini’s IX, II (1906) 215-244 ; Id., Giulio Pomponio intention was still unfulfilled at the time of Leto (Rome-Grottaferrata 1909-1912); Td., his death in 1478. ‘ Julij Pomponij Let,’ Istoricheskoe Obozrie- That it was Calderini’s practice to dictate

nie XVIII (1914). at least part of his lectures is clear from his note on Juv. I 3 togatas: here he accuses

7. Domitrus CALDERINUS Sabino of plagiarism, and says inter alia that a passage of Varro (RR III 3. 9) was

Domizio Calderini is known to have mentioned but not dictated when Calderini lectured at Rome in the Studio on the lectured on the passage of Juvenal. .. nam Punica. He refers to his lectures in the Varronis verba cum publice profiterer Iu-

383

LATIN AUTHORS

venalem non dictavi... This practice has iuxta Lilybaeum ut intelligas Galatam, made it possible to reconstruct at least part Lepadusam, et Tusam vel Egussam [sic ?] of Calderini’s course, for notes taken down alio nomine fuisse Aegatis appellatas. Sunt by students from the lectures have so far qui dicunt Aegatis accipi pro aris Philenobeen identified in the marginalia etc. of rum quae sunt inter Sytes [sic] et Cyranam, three incunabula (copies of the edition of ut ait Plinius ; id autem mihi non placet. . ./

the Punica by Pomponio Leto printed, ...[Last note of any consequence] : (XII probably by G. Lauer, and published in 543) Ilia prima vadis. De luco Martis in-

Rome on April 26, 1471) in the Biblioteca telligit nam hii luci erant ad urbem: lucus Apostolica Vaticana, and in a manuscript Facutalis [sic], Larium, TIunonis, Dianae,

of the Punica in the Biblioteca Martis.Romulum j. : artis, inCasanatense quoisRhea peperit et (Ms. 1064 - D. IT. 2). (This material cur- a,

rently being edited for publication.) It Romulum [sie] ; auctores sunt. (The same has not been possible to identify the writ- notes in III and IV, which, more correctly,

ers of these marginalia etc.; that the conclude: ...et Remum; auctores sunt

material stems from Calderini’s lectures on Dionysius et Trogus).

Silius can be established from (i) the cor- II. Vat. Stamp. Ross. 1446: notes from respondences with the tenor of the citations III 1 to V 584, with large gaps.

of and references to his commentary made by [Inc]: (III 1) Postquam rupta fides. Calderini in his other works and (ii) the re- Expugnatio Sagunti multis in rebus Hannisemblance of parts of the subject matter to bali adiumento fuit, nam eius exemplo reli-

notes to be found in the other works. quae urbes quae ad defectionem vergebant The lecture notes follow the pattern of in fide et officio manserunt. Deinde mulCalderini’s extant commentaries on other tum animum confirmavit ditato exercitu authors : a wide range of classical authors is praeda Saguntina. Carthaginenses patres cited, including those in whom Calderini sibi conciliavit missis muneribus Carthahad an especial interest, e.g., Pliny the ginem, sed Hannibal simul hac [sic] SagunElder, the cosmographi, Strabo, and Pau- tum expugnavit Carthaginem Novam se sanias. There are also numerous instances recepit et ratus tempus esse traiciendi in

of the emendation of the texts of these Italiam illic classem paravit et copias et

authors by Calderini, many of which were auxilia ex propinquis urbibus illic convenire

subsequently credited to later scholars. iussit. Ipse postea ad Gades se contulit ut In particular, the commentary can be Africam et Hispaniam collocatis praesidiis

demonstrated to have substantially influenc- muniret. Misit tamen Bostarem a Gadibus ed the later commentary of Calderini’s pupil ad oraculum Ammonis ut de rebus futuris Petrus Marsus (see I 8, below) ; for instance, siscitaretur [sic]... ./.. .[Eapl.]: (V 584) In-

it is now clear that the existence of the terea exanimum. Dum scilicet A(nni)b(a)l ‘great lacuna’ in Book VIII was first rec- edidit hanc cladem.

ognized by Calderini. III. Vat. Inc. III. 4: notes, with gaps, I. Vat. Stamp. Ross. 1122: notes from from III 540 to the end, Book XVII.

Pun. 1 61 to VIIT 540, with gaps. [Inc.]: (III 540) Jamque super clades.

[Inc.]: (I 61) Aegatis. Aegatis insulas Iamque Gallorum multitudo ut ait Libius

apud cosmographos Graecos non invenies. [sic], Allobroges ut narrat Polivius [sic], qui

Apud nostros de maioribus loquor. Apud fuerant duces Hannibalis usque ad radices Livium invenies in primo et secundo bello Alpium, relicto Poeno, imminentes quosdam Punico. Eas autem insulas fuisse iuxta Lily- tumulos Alpium occuparunt Poenisque asbaeum in Sicilia inde coniectura assequor cendentibus stragem et fugam dedissent nisi quoniam Libius [sic] in primo bello Punico statim apparentes monuissent (post. delet.) scribit classem Carthaginensium fuisse su- sese hostes ostendissent. Hannibal et doc-

peratas [sic] ad Gades insulas et Polybius tus (etdoctus = a correction to edoctus?) cum eandem scriberet historiam tradit a transfugis loca illa die tantum occupari Carthaginienses victos fuisse ad Egussam nocte patere locavit castra.../...[Expl.]: 384

SILIUS ITALICUS

(XVII 652) Camillo. Qui servavit patriam a Biography :

Gallis. See CTC I, 218-21. The following bioIV. Ms. Casanatense 1064 (2) (Silius Ita- graphy supplements and corrects, in the licus), 3rd annotating hand: notes from IX light of more recent scholarship, Miss San-

471 to XII 725. ford’s article.

[Inc.}: (IX 471) Irim. Iris nunctia (nun- Domenicus (Domitius) Calderinus Verocia, III) deorum est unde nomen sumpsit nensis (Domizio Calderini), b. Torri del nam eryn significat dicere (nam erin éoety Benaco, prob. Jan.-Mar. 1446, d. Rome, id est dicere, III). Alii sentiunt Irim dic- vane May sravceptore Antonio. Pian ‘G.

tam ab en's (ens, IIT) quod significat A. Panteo, de laud. Veronae, fol. 75, cp.

discordiam quoniam Mercurius ad pacem, . ve d res perturbandas mittatur. Homerus Actto Panthaea : see Levi, op. ctl. infra 16-

"psa a P 17); studied at Venice under Benedetto scribit cam habere aureas alas. Haec ap ud Brugnoli da Legnano (Levi 18) and possibly Virgilium abscindit crinem Tunoni{!] (Dir tanght there (G. Mercati, Ultimi contributi doni, III) moriturae. Cornutus cum locum alla storia degli umanisti, Fasc. II, Rome illum interpretaretur causam ignoravit. Ma- 1939, Studi e Testi 91, p. 38). A friend of crobius exposuit quod scilicet fuerit imitatus Marcus Aurelius senatus Veneti scriba (Ep. poeta Euripidem, qui Orcum introducit ad Jul. Med. in Juv. comm.). Goes to Rome abscindentem crinem Alcestidi. Iris prae- c. 1467 and becomes secretarius familiaris terea herba est cuius radix in unguentis et ef commensalis perpetuus of Cardinal Besmedicina commendatur auctore Plinio. Iris sarion, and thus is in contact with members arcum caelestem significat de quo Lucretius : of the ‘academia Bessarionea.’ Probably

Tum color in nigris existit nubibus arqui at this time adopts the Latin name Domi[VI 526]. ../.. .[Eapl.]: (XII 725) Titania tius, following the practice of the friends and bella. Titanes gigantes qui bella moverunt pupils of Pomponio Leto. Appointed profes-

versus Iovem (in III, Titanes gigantes qui sor of rhetoric at the Studio 1470, secre-

pugnarunt cum diis). tarius apostolicus to Sixtus IV, 1471. Ac-

Manuscripts: companied Bessarion to France in 1472.

Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense Ms. 1064 ; In 1473 lectures also in Greek at the Stus. XV(2’). (Index Librorum Manuscriptorum dio, and during the year visits Florence

Bibliothecae Casanatensis III 442; Blass, (Mart. comm. dedicated to Lorenzo de’

op. cit., p. 178 ; Delz I 128-132 ; O. Occioni, Medici) and uses the Bibliotheca Medicea ;

Ti. Catii Silit§ Italici Punicorum Libri meets scholars such as Marsilio Ficino, Septemdecim; Accedunt Variae Lectiones Bartolomeo Fonzio, and the young PoliCodicis Casanatensis (2 vols., with Italian ziano. In 1476 accompanies Cardinal Giutranslation ; Turin 1889), Vol. I, pp. xiii- liano della Rovere to Avignon.

XV). Among Calderini’s pupils were M. A. Vatican, Ottob. lat. 1258, annotations Sabellico, Pietro Marso (who later edited

(mainly corrections of the text); 5s. XV (J). the Punica), and possibly, at Venice, Pes(Index Alphabeticus Codicum Manuscrip- cennio Francesco Negri (Mercati, op. cit. torum Bibliothecae Ottobonianae, fol. 579V ; 38). It seems likely that Aldo Manuzio Inventarii Codicum Manuscriptorum Latino- attended some of his lectures (Levi 41 and rum Bibliothecae Vaticanae Ottobonianae, especially G. Mandersteig, op. cif. infra,

Pars I, p. 234V; Blass, op. cit., p. 177; 110-111). Delz I 108-118 Kristeller, Jfer IJ, 417). During his lifetime Calderini engaged in Vatican, Inc. III. 4 (a copy of the edition bitter controversy with Niccolé Perotti of Silius by Pomponio Leto), notes. (on Martial) and with Perotti and Angelo

Vatican, Stamp. Ross. 1122 (a copy of the Cneo Sabino (on Juvenal). An attack on the edition of Silius by Pomponio Leto), notes. commentary on Martial was published by Vatican, Stamp. Ross. 1446 (a copy of the G. Merula in the year of Calderini’s death ; edition of Silius by Pomponio Leto), notes. it was answered by Cornelio Vitelli. After 385

LATIN AUTHORS

his death his scholarship and veracity were (c) as yet untraced :

harshly attacked by Poliziano. Commentary on Cicero, Ad Atftti-

Works : cum Verrem, possibly extant (a) Printed : inand the In form of lecture notes. (i) Commentaries : Martial (with polem- Bibl. (select) : Cosenza I 769-779, V cards ic against Perotti); Juvenal (with 372-373, VI (Suppi.) 64 ; Eckstein 76 ; Ersch polemic against Perotti and Sabino) ; and Gruber XIV 115; Hoefer VIII (1854) Ovid, Ibis and Epistula Sapphus 169-170 ; Jécher I (1750) 1559-1560 ; Kristel-

Phaont (= Her. XV); Statius, Sil- ler, Jter I 461 (Index), II 635 (Index);

vae (there seems little authority for Michaud? VI (1854) 385; Tiraboschi III Marastoni’s assumption, Teubner (Milan 1833) 265-266. edn. Leipzig 1961, introd. p. xiiii, For the older works of reference see Santhat Calderini edited the princeps in ford, op. cit. 221.

1472); Virgil opuscula quaedam; G. Levi, Cenni intorno alla vita e agli

elucubratio tn quaedam Propertii lo- scritti di Domizio Calderini (Padua 1900)

ca; ex tertio libro observationum is still fundamental. See also Delz I 115-

(a collection of miscellaneous notes, 118 and nn. 95-98 ; A. J. Dunston, ‘Studies

allegedly extracted by the author in Domizio Calderini,’ Italia medioevale e

. from a larger work). umanistica XI (1968) 71-150+pls. 1-8, esp. (ii) editions : Quintilian, Declamationes 71-72 (on the life of Domizio), 72-85 (‘The

tres: Ovid, Metamorphoses (?). Hand of Domizio Calderini’), 86-106 (‘Cal-

(ili) translations : Pausanias, Attica and derini and the “Punica” of Silius Italicus’) ; Corinthiaca ; Ptolemy, Cosmographia A. Perosa, Mostra del Poliziano (Florence

(lacobi Angeli versio latina a Domi- 1955) passim; R. Weiss, ‘In memoriam

tio Calderino revisa). Domitii Calderini,’ Jtalia medioevale e

(b) otherwise extant : umanistica III (1960) 309-321. For the Commentary on Silius ; Commentary polemic with Perotti, see G. Mercati, Per la on Virg. Aen. VI (incomplete) (Mun- cronologia della vita e degli scritti di Niccolo ich Staatsbibl. ms. lat. 807); in Ve- Perotti arcivescovo di Siponto (Rome 1925 =

rona Bibl. Capit. ms. CCLVII (229) Studi e Testi 44) and R. Sabbadini, ‘Un are to be found: prefatory remarks Marziale Ambrosiano,’ in Classici e Umanisti

to a course of lectures on Cicero, da Codici Ambrosiani (Florence 1933) 53De_ oratore (1474); epistula ad Ber- 65 (= Stud. ital. di filol. class. XT [1903] nardinum Messanelum_ sororis fi- 329-342). On that with Merula, A. Badinilium ; legatio in Galliam Iuliani Card. Confalonieri, Vila di Giorgio Merula (Ales-

D. Petri ad Vincula (incomplete) ; sandria 1894). On the scholarship of Calinterpretatio super Suetonium (in- derini see Delz, I; Dunston op. cit. ; and complete) and Commentary on Sue- S. Timpanaro Jr., ‘Atlas cum compare tonius (incomplete: frags. also in gibbo,’ Rinascimento II (1951) 314-318:

Flor. Rice. 153, 833, 2127); in for the relationship with Bart. Fonzio, C.

emendationem tabularum Ptolemei Marchesi, Bartolomeo della Fonte (Catania Alexandrini, and de Ptolemeis ; pref- 1900) ; for that with Aldo Manuzio, G. Maratory remarks to a course of lectures dersteig, ‘Aldo Manuzio e i caratteri di on Cicero, De officiis ; panegyric on Francesco Griffo da Bologna,’ Studi di

Giovanni della Rovere, praefectus bibliografia...in onore di Tammaro de

Vrbis; a diatribe, in defense of Marinis III (Citta del Vaticano 1964) 105-147 Plato, against Giorgio Trapezunzio, + 16pls. ; for that with Poliziano, I. Maier, to Francesco Barozzi ; poems (others Ange Politien (Geneva 1966) and C. Dioin Vat. Urb. lat. 1193, Verona, Bibl. nisotti, ‘Calderini, Poliziano e altri,’ Italia Com. 1366, Paris B. N. Lat. 8274, medioevale e umanistica XI (1968) 151-186.

Flor. Ricc. 915); letters (others in Further references to Calderini may, in

Flor. Ricc. 915). due course, be revealed in the secunda 386

SILIUS ITALICUS

centuria of the Miscellanea of Poliziano ; Throughout the editions there are occasional see, e.g., M. Pastore Stocchi, ‘Sulle curae discrepancies between Iemmata and_ text statianae del Poliziano’ in Affi dell’ Istituto (e.g., VI 614, IX 209) and verses may be

Veneto di Scienze, Letfere ed Arti, Classe commented on that have been omitted di Scienze Morali, Lettere ed Arti CXXV from the text.

(1966-67) 39-74. Dedic.: Petri Marsi interpretatio in Si-

Since the compilation of this article, An- lium Italicum ad ill. Principem Virginium gelo Poliziano, Miscellaneorum Centuria Se- Ursinum. [Jnc.]: Cum id omne quod in cunda, ed. V. Branca and M. Pastore Stoc- terris gignitur ad usum hominum sit, ut chi, ITV (Edizione Critica) (Florence, 1972) priscis philosophantibus totius naturae pehas appeared (see index s.v. Domizio Cal- ritis visum est... Silii Italici divinum poederini), as has Dizionario biografico degli ma, ut potui, interpretatus sum. Quod ita Italiani XVI (1973) (see the entry ‘Cal- undique temporum incuria depravatum erat

derini, Domizio’, pp. 597-605, by A. Pe- ut nullam fere utilitatem legentibus af-

rosa). ferret. Primus patrum nostrorum memoria huius poetae sacros fontes reserare arcana-

8. PETRUS MARSUS que ingredi ac publice in hac florentissima

urbis Romae academia profiteri ausus est

I. In his youth Pietro Marsi wrote com- Petrus Montopolita, vir certe id aetatis mentariola on Silius and sent them to eruditissimus, cuius caeleste ingenium non Prince Virginio Orsini’s paternal uncle parum utilitatis post Laurentium Vallam Roberto ; this fact is stated in the dedicatory Romanae linguae allaturum avara fata epistle of a second commentary. We have studiosis inviderunt et in flore adhuc atque not been able to trace the earlier com- viride rapuere. Secuti sunt viri saeculorum

mentary. memoria digni ac Romani eloquii sidera et II. The later commentary is a revision clarum decus, Pomponius et Domitius, and expansion of the earlier one. It is praeceptores mei. Qui, multum supra ho-

found in editions printed in 1483, 1492, 1493, mines ingenio praediti, divino quodam men-

and 1512 (see below for these and for a tis acumine ac splendore avia Pieridum loca doubtful edition of c. 1490). It surrounds the peragrarunt et per Romanae linguae, cuius text and covers all 17 books of the Punica ; ab ineunte aetate studiosissimi fuerunt, calit is preceded by the dedicatory epistle to les Getarum Vandalorumque sentibus obsiVirginio Orsini, a life of Silius, and a sum- tos et curricula quondam nitida sed barbamary of the second Punic War; and it is rorum vepribus obducta equos ita inflexere followed by a postscript or envoi (‘Operis suos ut horum industria et laboribus prisconclusio’). In the last item Pietro com- cum illud Latinarum litterarum decus iam pares Virginio to Scipio and says that his fere non desideremus, et in hoc opere povirtus ought to be celebrated in an epic tissimum laborarunt ut facilior esset interpoem ; in the meantime let him accept this pretibus labor, quod ipse sum expertus et

Silian commentary and be its protector. fateor ingenue...Miseram, illu. Princeps

In the dedicatory epistle, as we noted above, Virgini, superioribus annis illu. Principi Pietro mentions Petrus Montopolitanus as Roberto, patruo tuo, quaedam in Silium comthe first to expound the Punica in Rome and mentariola. Quae quoniam iuvenili quodam

states that his own teachers, Pomponius ardore ac primo ingenii calore influxerant [Laetus] and Domitius [Calderinus], followed castigationem desiderabant et limam. [IIla

Montopolitanus in this. igitur castigata et una cum poemate imThe editions by Marsi are al] the same pressa ad te mitto. Qui quoniam maiorum except that there are variations in orthog- tuorum praeconia, ut par est et te, Romano-

raphy and punctuation and the last one rum principem et Ursinorum familiae cacontains also the life of Silius by Petrus put, decet, libenter audis ut domesticis vesCrinitus. The first edition perhaps has tigiis insistas, hoc opus, in quo principes tui

fewer printer’s errors than the later ones. Romani celebrantur, grato animo suscipias

387

LATIN AUTHORS

et manibus tuis ac lectione dignare cum per occupatam asseruit. Sic Scipio patriam e publica negotia quibus distringeris ut sub- manibus barbarorum extorsit. Concludens ditorum saluti consulas licuerit. Vale. igitur poeta dicit : O Scipio, cum Roma IacVita. Silius Italicus ab Italica, urbe His- tat te esse filium Iovis Capitolini, profecto paniae, cognominatus a qua originem habuit non mentitur. Immensa virtus tua id osper suos maiores Romanus fuit. .. quinque tendit et comprobat. Parens scilicet urbis, et LXX annos natus in Neapolitano suo nam pater patriae merito poterat appellari. inedia vitam finivit magis delicato corpore Quirino. Romulo, urbis conditori. Meritis. quam infirmo usque ad extremum diem bea- Quasi dicat: non minora sunt tua merita

tus felix. quam fuerint Camilli, nec minores laudes Compendium. Belli Punici secundi com- quam fuerint Romuli. Commentariorum pendium. Post primum bellum Punicum Petri Marsi in Silium Italicum finis. quo Carthaginenses victi fuerunt ad Aega- Operis conclusio: Auspiciis tuis, invictis-

tes insulas, quae sunt inter Siciliam et sime Princeps Virgini, huic operi bellicoso Africam, et Sicilia Sardiniaque celeri des- extrema manus imposita est, in quo de duoperatione stipendio etiam superimposito bus clarissimis in toto orbe imperatoribus, amissis, Hamilcar, pater Hannibalis, qui eo Scipione atque WHannibale, agitur... Inbello imperator fuerat, vir ingentis spiritus, terea haec commentariola excellentiae tuae angebatur. .. Scipio pacis condicionibus da- dicata auspiciis tuis legantur, tuoque splen-

tis Carthaginem tributariam fecit. Inde dore ac tanti nominis celebritate proteganexercitu in naves imposito in Siciliam traie- tur et quiescant. Quae iterum atque itecit et per Italiam non minus laetam pacis rum excellentiae commendo tuae, culus quam victoriae, effusis etiam hominibus honori communique utilitati ad quam tuencausa officii ad honores praebendos, turba dam nati sumus hoc opus magna sedulitate, etiam agrestium vias obsidente, Romam ve- cura, et lucubrationibus aggressus sum, et nit clarissimoque omnium triumpho urbem ad calcem felici successu decursum est.

et Capitolium invectus est. Editions:

Commentary. [Inc.]: (I 1) Ordior arma. 1483, May 6, Venetiis (Venice) : Baptista Propositio est qua Silius, captans attentio- de Tortis. HC *14739 ; Goff S-507 ; Proctor nem ac docilitatem, ostendit aperitque se 4619 ; BMC V, p. 323; Brunet V, col. 382. descripturum bellum Punicum secundum. 1492, May 18, Venetiis (Venice) : Bonetus Attentum facit auditorem rerum magnitu- Locatellus, for Octavianus Scotus Modoedine proposita, docilem summa _ paucis tiensis. HC *14740; Goff S-508; Proctor comprehensa... Sum, inquit Silius, de- 5034 ; BMC V, pp. 439-440; cf. Brunet, loc.

scripturus arma et praestantiam bellicam cit.

populi Romani, qua illius gloria non modo 1493, Sept. 20, Venetiis (Venice) : [Ioper totum orbem propagata est, verum us- hannes Tacuinus]. HCR 14741 ; Goff S-509 ;

que ad astra penetravit, et qua Carthago, Proctor 5425 ; cf. Brunet, loc. cit. belli studiosissima et Romani aemula impe- 1512, April 21, Parisiis (Paris): N. de rii, leges et iugum Romanorum subire pa- Pratis, for Poncius Probus and Franciscus tique coacta est; et hoc primo secundoque Regnault. Panzer VII, 567, 571. BN. bello Punico, nam tertio ab Aemiliano Sci- Doubtful edition:

pione funditus est eversa, et cineres in (*) c. 1490, Venetiis (Venice): I. de Pa-

Capitolium relati. Restituta fuit postea ab ganinis Brixiensis. H 14738; cf. Brunet, Augusto eodem anno quo Corinthus. . ./... loc. cit. [Expl.]: (XVII 651-654) Salve, invicte pa- Biography : rens. Adorat poeta Scipionem, auctorem Petrus Marsus (Pietro Marsi) was born at pacis libertatisque ac patriae suae alterum Cesa or Cese (near Avezzano) shortly after conditorem, unde non cedebat Romulo, 1440 ; he died in 1512 at Rome. Marsus is a qui magnis fatis felicique auspicio urbis name referring to his birthplace (in the

Romae XI Kalen. Maias fundamenta iecit. territory of the ancient Marsi), not a family Nec cedebat Camillo, qui urbem a Gallis name, in his case ; so he is not the brother of

388

SILIUS ITALICUS

Paulus Marsus (Paolo Marsi) of Pescina first reference in Dallari and so gives only (cf. Delz II 428). Pietro was an intimate of 1479-80). Pomponius Laetus and of Platina. He was His teachers were Domizio Calderini and among the first members of the Academia Pomponio Leto. He was the friend of, or Pomponiana to be arrested in 1468 and was at least dedicated works to, Ferdinand and imprisoned in the Castel S. Angelo. Shortly Isabella of Spain, Federico I Gonzaga (d. after his release he began studies with John 1484), Francesco Gonzaga (Cardinal of Man-

Argyropulos, who arrived in Rome from tua ; d. 1483), Louis XII of France, Baptista

Florence in 1471. He became one of his Mantuanus, Raphael Riarius, Stephanus

favorite pupils and was entrusted with the Carolus of Milan, and Prince Virginio Orposthumous publication of his Latin transla- sini. His revision of Argyropulos’ translation

tion of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics of the Nicomachean Ethics, as well as his

(Rome 1492). Silius, is dedicated to Virginius Ursinus.

Pietro became the tutor of Cardinal Works : One of his quite early works was a

Ammannati’s nephew Cristoforo Piccolomini commentary on Ovid’s Ibis. It is extant in in 1472. How long this instruction lasted Ms. Bernensis 516 (fols. 262-289) with the is not known, though della Torre conjectures subscriptio bearing the date 1472 and the

that he was still occupied with it when place Viterbo. He commented on many Paolo Marsi returned to Rome from Venice Ciceronian works, especially the De natura

early in 1473 (op. cit. infra, p. 201; cf. deorum, the De divinatione, and the De of-

p. 225). ficiis. His comments often appear in varioSabellicus in his De Latinae linguae rum editions of Cicero ; particularly frequent reparatione writes (ed. Cologne 1529, sig. is a combination of his commentary on the C2’; Opera omnia [Basel 1560] Tom. IV, De officiis with that of Martinus Phileticus col. 334): °... Petrus Marsus Cesensis. Is on the De senectute and that of Omnibonus

non ad poetas solum explicandos, sed ad Leonicenus on the De amicitia and the

oratores quoque et philosophos studium Paradoxa Stoicorum. Marsus’ notes on the adiecit ; extant eius in Silium Italicum com- De officiis alternate with those of Iodocus mentarii multa eruditione referti, sed longe Badius Ascensius in the Gemina explanatio utiliora quae in Ciceronis opera conscripsit ; officiorum Ciceronis (Lyons 1506).

eloquens, ut Pomponii auditorem agnoscas, Marsus was the author of many orations, et quod plus est, propemodum philosophus, e.g., an Oratio dicta in die Ascensionis De sed quantuscumque in philosophia est, eum immortalitate animae, dedicated to Cardinal

Argyropuli contubernium effecit.’ Raphael Riarius; a Funebris oratio habita

Volsco (see below, p. 397) violently criti- Romae in obitu Pomponii Laeti; and a

cized Marsus’ commentary on Silius. Mar- eulogy of Johannes Argyropulos.

sus answered the attack in his second edi- Bibl.: Cosenza III 2201-2204, V cards tion of Cicero’s De officiis (Venice 1491), 1118 and 1119; Eckstein 357; K. Gesner, announcing a new edition of his Silius ‘sed Bibliotheca universalis (Zurich 1545, recum apologia.’ But this new edition ap- printed Osnabriick 1966), fol. 550% ; Gesnerparently never appeared ; at least, the four Simler-Frisius (Zurich 1583), p. 675 ; Hoefer

now known to the scholarly world are all XXXIII (1860) 981; Kristeller, Iter I 22, the same except for the minor details noted 331 ; Michaud? XXVII 81 ; Pékel 168 ; Tira-

above. boschi III (Milan 1833) 200-201. Petrus Marsus entered the priesthood U. Dallari (ed.), Z rofuli dei lettori... early and was canon of S. Lorenzo in Da- dello studio bolognese dal 1384 al 1799 I

maso. He taught in Mantua and at the (Bologna 1888); Delz II 428-429; C. DioUniversity of Rome. He was a lecturer on nisotti, ‘“Lavinia venit litora,” Polemica

rhetoric and poetry at the Studio in Bo- virgiliana di M. Filetico,’ Italia medioevale e logna during the academic years 1478-79 umanistica 1 (1958) 283-315; A. Drakenand 1479-80 (so Dallari, op. cit. infra 107 and borch (ed. of Sil., Utrecht 1717), p. **3V

110; Verrua, loc. cit. infra, has missed the and repeated in G. A. Ruperti (ed. of Sil., 389

LATIN AUTHORS

I, Gdttingen 1795), p. xlv and N. E. Lemaire the Badische Landesbibliothek (the former (ed. of Sil., Paris 1823) II 436-437; W. E. Grossherzogliche Bibliothek) in Karlsruhe

Heitland, ‘The “Great Lacuna” in the but was one of the losses of World War IL. Eighth Book of Silius Italicus,’ Journal of This was bound up with the handwritten Philology XXIV (1896), No. XLVIII, original of Buschius’ accessus and argumenta pp. 188-211; A. La Penna, Scholia in P. to Silius ; cf. Liessem, op. cié., Anhang, p. 6. Ovidi Nasonis Ibin (Florence 1959) xl-xliv ; For Buschius’ having treated of the life W. P. Mustard, The Eclogues of Baptista of Silius at Marburg see under I 10, below. Mantuanus (Baltimore 1911) 24 with n. 61 ; Argumenta : A. Coccius Sabellicus, Ennead. X, Lib. VIII (Inc. Lib. I] : Principio Libycae describitur (Opera. . . in duos digesta tomos, Basel 1538, urbis origo.../...[Eapl. Lib. XVII]:... II 757 and Opera omnia, ibid. 1560, IV dux ipse reversus / Alta triumphanti scandit 334) ; A. della Torre, Paolo Marsi da Pescina Capitolia curru. (Rocea S. Casciano 1903), passim (see In- Accessus. Concilio vatum, Musis, et Apoldex); P. Verrua, Umanisti ed altri ‘studiosi line dignum / Vis opus, et dignam Palladis

viri’... (Geneva 1924) 188, n. 301; V. Za- aure lyram?...Nec tu, prolixus quia sit, bughin, Giulio Pomponio Leto (Rome-Grot- moveare, poeta: / Pondus inest magnis, taferrata 1909-12), passim (see Indices). utilitasque libris. / De magno sic plus impartit amicus acervo, / Sic plus quam rivi,

9. HERMANNUS BUSCHIUS fluminis unda sapit.

Vita. Silium Italicum sunt qui fuisse His-

Hermannus Buschius composed hexam- panum affirment, ex Italica urbe Hispaniae. eter summaries or argumenta (14 lines each) Sunt alii qui per suos maiores Romanum to each of the 17 books of Silius, a poem to fuisse dicant, sed generis initium traxisse the reader or kind of accessus in elegiacs ab Hispanis. .. In Neapolitano suo (de quo (8 couplets), a life of Silius in prose, and supra diximus) cum adversa valetudine insamarginal scholia in prose on the Punica. nabilis clavi laboraret, inedia vitam finivit. The 17 argumenta first appear in the 1504 Annos quinque et septuaginta natus, corpore

edition of Silius (Leipzig: Martinus Herbi- (ut inquit Plinius iunior) delicato magis polensis ; Panzer VII 149, 108). But they quam infirmo. Haec de vita Silii.

stem from the notes of students who at- Scholia:

tended Buschius’ lectures on Silius in 1503-4 [Ine.]: (1 8-10) Ter foedifragi Carthagior 1504 at Leipzig rather than directly from nenses. Buschius ; cf. H. J. Liessem, Hermann van (I 21-22) Narrationis initium. dem Busche (see below), I. Teil, p. 12. The (I 41-49) Verba Iunonis per stomachafirst argumentum was omitted from sub- tionem insultantis secundis Romanorum sequent editions ; so Daniel Heinsius wrote rebus praesagio cladum illis ab Hannibale one in 20 hexameters which is a cento of imminentium. . ./.. .[Expl.]: (XVII 640 ff). Silian phrases and lines. Both argumenta to Dictum hoc ad laudem Scipionis, quia per ea Book I are then often given in later editions loca totam Hispaniam ab eo subactam as(e.g., those of Drakenborch and Ruperti). serit. Octo in mare fluviis Iberus labitur.

When an edition contains the scholia of (XVII 651) Haec verba poetae ad SciBuschius (they are first found in the 1522 pionem. edition), they are described on the title- Editions containing the scholia: page as: quae vice uberis commentarii esse 1522, Basileae (Basel): Thomas Wolfius. possunt. They cover all 17 books of the Fabricius BL II (1773) 175 ; Panzer VI 234,

poem, but they are hardly like an uber 448. BN.

commentarius and frequently not much more 1531, Parisiis (Paris): Simon Colinaeus. than captions or summaries of the narrative. Brunet V 385 ; Fabricius BL loc. cif. ; Panzer They do not correspond to the marginal and VIII 144, 2015 ; Renouard, Colines 185. BN.

interlinear notes, presumably by Buschius, 1543, Basileae (Basel): WHenricus Petri. in the copy of the 1493 Silius which was in Fabricius BL loc. cit. 390

SILIUS ITALICUS

Buschius’ argumenta appear in many of the He sided with Reuchlin, Hutten, and editions of Silius from 1504 down to the Erasmus in championing humanism and Tauchnitz one (Leipzig 1834; often re- hence was opposed to Ortuinus Gratius printed). Library catalogues, under such (Ortwin von Graes), his former schoolmate

rubrics as ‘Ed. et Comment.,’ often imply at Deventer. But because of his vacillating that an edition contains Buschius’ scholia character his stand was not firm and conwhen it contains only his argumenta, or the sistent at first, and in his second edition of argumenta plus the vita or plus the accessus Donatus he made certain concessions to and the vila. The vita is also in M. Maittaire, Gratius. But later he returned to his true Opera et fragmenta veterum poetarum Lati- stand and his old friends and compiled an

norum, .. (London 1713) II 940. eloquent defence of humanistic studies in

Biography : his Vallum humanitatis.

Hermannus Buschius (Hermann von [van] Friends and patrons of his in addition to dem Busche, Busche; usually called Her- those noted above were the Grafen Gebmann Busch) Pasiphilus (‘loved by all,’ as hard and Albert von Mansfeld, to whom he he ironically called himself in later life) was wrote panegyric poems ; Hieronymus Emborn of a noble family c. 1468 at the castle ser ; and Philippus Novenianus Haffurtinus.

of Sassenberg near Warendorf in Westpha- Works: Nicéron has 34 entries in his

lia ; he died in Diilmen in 1534. At an early catalogue of the works of Buschius. The age he went to Minster, where his teacher more recent Bibliographisches Verzeichnis

was his relative Rudolf von Langen, in der Schriften Hermanns van dem Busche

whose house he lived. Later von Langen by Liessem (see below) gives 55 items (with sent him to Deventer to study with Alex- some of Nicéron’s 34 excluded). Liessem’s ander Hegius. Subsequently he studied items include a preface and notes to Petrounder Rudolf Agricola in Heidelberg. He nius (VII, VIII), the Silian material (XJ),

went with von Langen in 1486 to Rome, an edition of the Amphitryon of Plautus where he attended lectures by Pomponius (XVII), a biography of the younger Seneca

Laetus and stayed for five years. On his (XXXII), a commentary on Claudian’s

return to Germany he became a wandering De raptu Proserpinae (XX XVIII), contribuhumanist and university lecturer ; he visited tions to the Epistolae obscurorum virorum

most of the larger cities of northern and (XLII), a selection of Cicero’s letters for central Germany (e.g., Hamburg, Rostock, young students (XLIID), collections of PlauLeipzig, Cologne, Marburg), was in France tine sentfentiae (XLVII, XLVIII), a selecfor a while, but never in any place for long. tion of Martial’s Epigrams with notes (LD, He taught poetry for a year in Cologne and and a brief commentary on Persius’ prologue

matriculated in law there in 1495. He and first satire (LV).

became a baccalaureus legum at Leipzig in See also A. von Dommer, Die dltesten 1503 ; soon after that he turned to areas Drucke aus Marburg in Hessen 1527-1566 more congenial to him, humanistic studies (Marburg 1892), p. 172 for two items by and Latin verse composition. His verse Buschius. includes poems in praise of certain cities Bibl.: ADB III 637-640 (Geiger) ; P. N. (e.g., Cologne, Leipzig); his Oestrum, sive M. Bot, Humanismus en onderwijs in Nedernovorum Epigrammatum libellus, attacks the land (Utrecht-Antwerp 1955), passim (see Rostock professor Heverling(h). During a Index) ; C. Bursian, Geschichte der classischen visit to England in 1516 he became friendly Philologie in Deutschland (Munich and Leip-

with Sir Thomas More. In 1526 he was zig 1883: reprinted New York and London called by the Landgraf Philipp von Hessen 1965) 128 n. 2, 136-139; D. Clément, Bib(at Luther’s suggestion according to Hamel- liothéque curieuse V (Hannover 1754) 452-

mann) to the newly founded University of 459; Eckstein 73-74; Ersch and Gruber Marburg. He accepted, went there in that XIV 137-138; Fabricius BL II 175-176 ; year or the next, and married there in 1527 L. Geiger, Renaissance und Humanismus

at the age of 59. (Berlin 1882) 426-428; K. Gesner, Bib391

LATIN AUTHORS

liotheca universalis (Zurich 1545; reprinted (ed.), Epistolae obscurorum virorum (London Osnabriick 1966) fol. 314'-v ; Gesner-Simler- 1909), passim (see General Index). Frisius (ibid. 1583) p. 337; F. Gundlach,

Catalogus Professorum Academiae Marbur- 10. PETRUS PaGANusS

gensis 1527-1910 (Marburg 1927) 313-314 ;

Hoefer VII (1853) 881 ; Jécher I 1510-1512 ; Peter Dorfheilge(r) (Petrus Paganus) ex-

Michaud? VI (Paris 1854) 223 ; Nicéron XXV pounded some of Silius’ poem, perhaps only

3-98 life of B.. 99-108 list the first book, at the University of Marburg, (1734)_93-109 (9 a, where he was a professor from 1561 to 1576.

ao y copy that we have been able to

of his works, 108-109 bibliography); P. The onl that h b ble t

Nigidius Sr., Elenchus professorum Academiae trace of his exposition, and of only the first Marpurgensis. . . (Marburg 1591) 10, 18-19 ; book, is dated 1567. This could be the lecture

Pokel 37; E. M. Sanford in CTC I 238; notes taken down by a student, but the

Sandys II 261; K. Schottenloher, Biblio- rather formal ‘title-page’ suggests some-

graphie zur deutschen Geschichte im Zeitalter thing coming directly from Paganus. We der Glaubensspaliung, 1517-85 1 (Leipzig have not been able to find out how often he

1933) 89-90. lectured at Marburg on Silius.

A. Bémer, ‘Hermannus Buschius,’ West- The copy in question forms the fourth fdlische Lebensbilder 1(1930) 50-67; J. of a group of items bound together as Ms.

Burckhard, preface to Busche, Vallum Bernensis 663; cf. H. Hagen, Catalogus humanitatis (Frankfurt am Main 1719) 113- codicum Bernensium (Bern 1875) 497. On

232; H. Hamelmann, Narratio de vita, fol. 1 of this fourth item, which consists of studiis, itineribus, scriptis, et laboribus nine folios, the following information is

Hermanni Buschit (1584), repeated in his given: In Primum Syllii Italici Librum de Opera genealogico-historica (Lemgo 1711) bello Secundo Punico. Autore Petro Paga279-314; P. Kalkoff, ‘Der Humanist Her- no Poéta Laureato, Poéseos et Historiarum mann von dem Busche und die luther- Professore, In Schola Marpurgensi. Anno

freundliche Kundgebung..., Archiv fiir 1567.

Reformationsgeschichte V III (1910-1911) 341- The notes are fairly extensive but do not 379; H. J. Liessem, De Hermanni Buschii form a continuous commentary on Punica I. vita et scriptis (Bonn 1866); Id., Hermann For the most part they are essays on certain van dem Busche: Sein Leben und seine points alluded to by Silius in his first book.

Schrifien (Cologne 1884-1908, reprinted They are largely concerned with history, Nieuwkoop 1965) — consists of I. Teil, geography, and military affairs. Something pp. 1-70 and Anhang: Bibliographisches is said about the first and third Punic Wars Verzeichnis der Schriften Hermanns van to give a picture of the whole conflict bedem Busche, pp. 1-72; J. Neff (ed.), Helius tween Rome and Carthage. One note about Eobanus Hessus, Noriberga illustrata, und a folium in length is on the nature of epic andere Stddtegedichte (Berlin 1896) x, xi, xii, poetry.

xiv, xvii, XXv, XXvili-xxx, xXxxi, XxXxii- At the beginning of his notes Paganus xxxiii (editions of the Lipsica), xxxv (textual says that five points (which are more or less variants therein), xliii-xliv (classical authors, those made by Servius, whom he invokes)

including Silius, used therein), 75-91 (text have to be considered in expounding auof Emser’s poem, Buschius’ prose Consulibus thors : 1. Vita autoris. 2. Titulus seu materia

senatuigue Lipsensi and poem Lipsica) ; operis. .. He then observes that it would be J. Niessert, ‘Hermann von dem Busche,’ superfluous to go into details about the life Historisch-geographisch-statistisch-literari- of Silius since they had previously been set sches Jahrbuch fiir Westfalen und den Nieder- forth by Buschius at the University of Mar-

rhein II (1818) 288-323 ; A. Parmet, Rudol} burg. von Langen (Minster 1869) 6 n. 3, 24, 34 Hagen’s description of Ms. 663. 4 ends with n. 3, 56 with n. 1, 65, 102 n. 2, 108-109, 132 the statement : Adiecta sunt excerpta chrowith n. 5, 133 with n. 1, 251; F. G. Stokes nologica. These excerpts are presumably 392

SILIUS ITALICUS

the marginal summaries, which read as 5. Porro Intentio Syllii praecipua fuit follows: (fol. 1%) Vita Silii Italici, Titulus imitari Vergilium: et potentissimorum polibri, Bella Punica ; (fol. 2) I. Primum bel- pulorum res_in 2 Punico bello gestas, vera lum Punicum, II. Secundum bellum Puni- partim narratione describere, partim poecum, Hannibal ; (fol. 2%) Sagunthus, Clades ticis involucris, et artificiosis figmentis iRomanorum, Urbes ab Hannibale occupa- lustrare, exemplo Vergilii, qui et ipse Cae-

tae ; (fol. 3) Hastrubal, Fortuna, Scipio in sari Augusto originem descripturus per Hispaniam missus, In Africam mittitur ; omnia fere Homerum imitatus est et veras (fol. 3%) Hannibal revocatur ex Italia, Han- historias fabulosis quibusdam immiscuit nibal caesus ; (fol. 4) Tertium bellum Puni- ad delectationem lectori pariendam.../... cum, Carthago deleta; (fol. 4”) Heroicum [Expl.]: (ad I 83): Taxus et Picea Arbores. carmen. These marginalia are succeeded by Taxus arbor dira, et tam praesentis veneni,

summaries or titles within the text of the ut subter dormientes statim moriantur, next sections as follows: (fol. 5) Foederum Inde toxica venena. Picea quoque arbor

faciendorum apud veteres Rom. modus ; est.

(fol. 6) Hannibalis descriptio. Livius 1. Manuscript:

libro 3. Decadis; (fol. 6%) Plutarchus in Bern, Burgerbibliothek Ms. 663. 4; 1567. Hannibalis vita, Hamilcaris laudes ; (fol. 7) H. Hagen, Catalogus codicum Bernensium Somnia noctu obversantia ; (fol. 7%) De tri- (Bern 1875) 497.

bus orbis partibus; (fol. 8) Phalarica ; Biography :

(fol. 8%) Testudo, Troiae expugnatio ; (fol. 9) Petrus Paganus (Peter Dorfheilge(r) ; see

Ligures, Taxus et picea arbores. also F. Gundlach, op. cif. infra, p. 313 for

[Inc.]: Argumentum 17 librorum Syilii the form Dorffheiligen) was born at WanItalici de Bello secundo Punico. In ex- fried in Hesse March 30, 1532 ; he died there ponendis autoribus 5 potissimum (teste Ser- May 29, 1576. He attended school at Eschvio) spectanda sunt. 1. Vita autoris. 2. Ti- wege ; went to the University at Marburg, tulus seu materia operis. 3. Numerus li- where he became a Magister in 1550. He brorum. 4. Qualitas orationis. 5. Autoris travelled to Holland and then by way of

intentio. Italy to Vienna, where he was crowned Vita Syllii Italici cum (quantum ex pro- poéta laureatus. In 1561 he became profesbatis autoribus colligi potest) ab Herman- sor of poetry and history at Marburg. Here no Buschio in hac schola Marp. quondam he displayed his talents especially as a poéseos professore satis luculenter descripta writer of Latin occasional verse (e.g., episit, ista omnia repetere supervacaneum esset. thalamia and epicedia) and of Latin poems

2. Titulus autem satis est De bello Punico on didactic-philosophical and _historical secundo, ex quo et materia facile colligitur. themes. Cum Rom. cum Chartag. (sic) tria maxima Works: Thirty-three items by Paganus bella et cruenta gesserint (aemulatione im- (the Silius commentary is not among them) perii orbis terrarum) diversis temporibus et are given in the supplement to Jécher, loc. impari annorum numero, ad differentiam cit. infra. These include: In Q. Horatti Fl.

adiicitur in titulo Secundo.... Odas, Satyras et epist. argumenta (1567),

3. Quod autem ad numerum librorum at- Historia tergeminorum Romanorum et Altinet, 17 libris has historias complexus est banorum fratrum. .. (1571), and the post-

Syllius. humous Praxis metrica. . . (1609). The ar4. Genus carminis est Heroicum Hexa- gumenta.to Horace, published at Frankfurt

metrum actu (ut ait Servius in explicatione am Main in 1567, are to be assigned with 1 lib. Aeneidos) mixto, nam et ipse Poeta much more likelihood to this Petrus Paga-

loquitur et alios loquentes inducit. nus than to Petrus Paganus (Pietro Pagani) Heroicum vero carmen (ut eum [sic] idem of Belluno, to whom Cosenza (III 2539) definit) est quod constat ex divinis et hu- assigns them. Petrus Paganus of Belluno manis personis continens veras et fictas may possibly, however, have composed notes

historias... rather than argumenta to Horace ; Cosenza, 393

LATIN AUTHORS

loc. cit., cites Horatii opera, cum notis P. reader in the Crepundia he observes that P., Ven. 1516, but describes this as ‘not his annotations were written ‘paucis dieproved,’ and Graesse (III 349) refers to the bus, imo horis.’ The notes as published are

edition as one ‘qui n’est pas constatée.’ not all that he had, but he omitted some so On Petrus Paganus of Belluno see Cosenza, that his edition with notes would be ready

loc. cit.; L. Ferrari, Onomasticon (Milan for the Frankfurt fair. They actually ap1947) 507; F. Miari, Cronache bellunesi peared in 1601 but form the last part

inedife (Belluno 1865) 209; B. Weinberg, (pp. 311-504) or a kind of appendix to the ‘Translations and Commentaries of Lon- edition proper, which is dated 1600.

ginus, On the Sublime, to 1600: A Biblio- Heinsius felt no dissatisfaction in later graphy,’ Modern Philology XLVII (1949- years with his youthful Crepundia Siliana, 50) 145-151 at 148-151; id., CTC II, 196. and many editors of Silius have praised For 12 of the 33 items by Paganus (Dorf- them highly (cf. Drakenborch’s Praefatio ad heilger) see also A. von Dommer, Die dl- lectorem). Some scholars, however, have testen Drucke aus Marburg in Hessen 1527- commented rather on the flaws in the Cre-

1566 (Marburg 1892) 178. pundia. In any case, they contain much

Bibl.: ADB XXV (1887) 62 (Joachim) ; extraneous material (e.g., Latin verses of Jécher III 1177-1178 and Fortsetzung und his own), and the modest proposals often Ergdnzungen V (Bremen 1816) 1382-1383 ; K. made in them really mask a certain pedantry.

Gesner-J. Simler, Bibliotheca. . . in Epitomen They may be described as notes on selec-

redacta (Zurich 1574) 562; Gesner-Simler- ted passages of the Punica. They extend Frisius (ibid. 1583) 678; J. G. T. Graesse, over all 17 books but are much more conTrésor de livres rares II (Dresden etc. 1862) cerned with the earlier than with the later 349; F. Gundlach, Catalogus Professorum books. Academiae Marburgensis 1527-1910 (Mar- For Heinsius’ argumentum to Book I see burg 1927) 313; V. Lancetti, Memorie in- p. 390 above. torno ai poeti laureati. . . (Milan 1839) 436- Dedic. Epist. of edition. Illustrissimo et 437; P. Nigidius Sr., Elenchus professorum incomparabili Heroi losepho Scaligero, IuAcademiae Marpurgensis. . . (Marburg 1591) lii Caesaris Comitis a Burden filio, Daniel 12, 52-53; K. Schottenloher, Bibliographie Heynius [sic] S. P. D. [{ne.]: Silium Italizur deutschen Geschichte im Zeitalter der cum, Illustrissime heros, primum hac forma Glaubensspaltung 1517-85 Il (Leipzig 1935) visum, primum laboris diligentiaeque nostrae 114 and VI (ibid. 1940) 438 and ‘ Kaiserliche praeludium, tibi virorum Primo damus.. . Dichterkrénungen im heiligen rémischen Ceterum de huius poetae editionibus si quis Reich deutscher Nation,’ in Papsttum und me roget, idem quod Graeculus ille de HomeKaisertum (ed. A. Brackmann, Munich 1926) ro respondeam, emendatissimam eam om-

648-673 at 669. nium editionem esse, quae minime emendata sit. Doctissimi igitur Modii codicem se-

11. DANIEL HEINSIUS quuti sumus ex authoritate tua et suasu.

Nihil aut parum emendavimus, ne violenti

In 1600 at the age of twenty Daniel ac immites simus in partum hunc tenerum Heinsius prepared an edition of Silius. et pusillum, vere pumilionem aut nanum,

On the recommendation of Scaliger he used cuius rationem in Notis quoque habendem in preparing his text the variant readings [sic] duximus, ac praesertim modestiae. . ./ of the Coloniensis reported by Modius in his ...[Expl.]: Interim, scribentibus aliis, 2Novantiquae lectiones. As soon as Raphelen- gyedoog sedebo in hoc certamine, et ywaoti-

gius had sent Heinsius’ text to the type- yopdgor expectabo. Vale, Illustris et incomsetters, he began to entreat him to produce parabilis Domine. Anno MDC.

some explanatory notes to the text. Hein- Preface of Crepundia: Lectori Daniel

sius promptly complied and gave his notes Heynsius S. D. [Jnc.]: Habes, mi Lector, the name of Crepundia Siliana because of quae notata mihi in Silio, paucis diebus,

his youth. In the preliminary note to the imo horis, quem cum praelo mandasset 394

SILIUS ITALICUS

Raphelengius noster, cepit de editione me- rare potui, sed ut adolescens, cum venia cum agere, (ut solet fieri) familiarius, et debui ; tertiam vero partem paene notarum si quae in eo observassem in medium af- mearum, propter nundinas Francfurtenses ferrem, serio obsecrari. Ego, qui ne xEOaLAY quae instant, omittere necesse habui, itaquidem, id negare; cum vero instaret suo que finem facio si prius de duobus monuero, iure ille, deesse meo muneri nolui. . . Silium de Omissis nimirum et Erratis.

igitur dum properant operae, in manus Editions:

sumpsi, obiter percurri, quaedam ad libri 1601, Lugduni Batavorum (Leyden): ex mei calcem enotavi, emendavique, quae hic officina Plantiniana Christopheri Raphelenvides. Codicem praeterea Modii in contextu gil, pp. 313-504 (Crepundia Siliana, with expressimus, versus voQsevortac eiecimus, the text of 1600 preceding).

genuinos legitimosque restituimus, idque 1646, Cantabrigiae (Cambridge): R. Damagis e consilio Modii, quam nostro (ne niel (the Crepundia Siliana, without the quid hic mihi vindicem) quorum omnium text of the Punica, but bound up with rationem reddere id vero actum agere vide- Heinsius’ Dissertatio de verae criticae apud batur, praesertim cum id abunde iam olim a veleres ortu, progressu, usugue... and Evxer-

Modio praestitum sit.../...[Ezpl.J: Vale, citatio critica demonstrans omnem fere Aequisquis es, et quicquid in Graecis scriptori- gyptiorum, Graecorum et Latinorum originem bus hactenus observavimus tum augustiori ex Oriente fluxisse. BM.

forma a nobis Silium exspectabis, hic si Heinsius’ Crepundia also appear interpusio meus placuerit, qui inter operas typo- spersed with the notes of others in the vario-

graphicas mihi natus est. Omnia enim qui rum Silius of A. Drakenborch (Utrecht

paucis a nobis horis praestari potuisse 1717).

existimat, iniquus alieni laboris aestimator Biography :

est. Daniel Heinsius or Heynsius (Heins) was {Inc.]: (1 6) Gens Cadmea] Ut infra Ar- born at Ghent in 1580 and died at Leyden in ces Agenoreas de eadem Carthagine. Paulo 1655. He studied at The Hague, Middelburg, enim longius haec a Silio deducuntur, quam- and Franeker, before he went to Leyden, where quam ipsa Carthago non solum xaivy mddtc he was friendly with Janus Dousa and where

et xaxudfn, sed et Kaduela dicta fuit. Scaliger furthered his studies. Scaliger and Doctissimus Periegetae interpres : |Kagyn- Heinsius are usually said to have been almost

dav 7 mddtc ao Kagynddvov tives ar- like father and son; for some reservations 60d¢ Doivinoc, éxadsito 6& xai Kadusia on this view see ter Horst, op. cit. infra,

nal xaxxdpn. p. 16. Heinsius began teaching at Leyden (I 9) Iuratumque Iovi foedus} Omne enim in 1602 and succeeded Vulcanius as Profes-

ad lIovem, etiam non invocato eius no- sor of Greek there in 1610. He became mine, pertinebat iuramentum. Unde alio university librarian on the death of Paulus loco, Deceptum Iovem [VI 693] cum de per- Merula in 1607.

iurio -loquitur, dixit. Atque haec causa Heinsius’ interests were more on the cur soli Iovis sacerdoti iurare antiquitus Greek than on the Latin side; Sandys apud Romanos per religionem integrum non observes that it was through his De tragoe-

fuerit, ne scilicet fortasse falleret eum quem diae constitutione, in which he deals with , colebat. ../.. .[Ezpl.j: (XVII 632) Incocti all the essential points in Aristotle’s Poetics corpora Mauri. Incocti corpora, wedavdyooes, (which he edited), that he became a center of

cave enim credas td in otegntixoy esse: Aristotelian influence in Holland. He was Sic antiquis incoctae dicebantur mulieres, noted for his classical scholarship and for quae plus aequo calamistris utebantur. his ability in Latin verse composition and Atque haec sunt quae nos inter operas was held in great esteem both at home and Typographicas ad Silium effudimus. Tu abroad (Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden made vero, mi Lector, si quid boniin tam tumul- him his consiliarius and historiographer ; he tuario opere sit, id Deo ascribe; si quid was decorated by the Republic of Venice). secus, id mihi, qui non solum ut homo er- His last years were troubled by bitter dis395

LATIN AUTHORS

putes with other scholars about the New tius (Bartolomeo della Fonte or Fonzio)

Testament. | and (b) Antonius Volscus Privernas (AnHeinsius took as his motto Quantum est tonio Volsco da Piperno).

uod nescimus! in spite of, or perhaps

because of, all he knew. His vast knowledge a) BARTHOLOMAEUS FoNTIUS

was acquired by an amazing memory. Fonzio apparently lectured on Silius in

His son Nicolaas also became an illustrious the academic year 1484-85, as we learn from

classicist ; there are posthumous notes on his third inaugural lecture, entitled ‘in

Silius by Nicolaas in Drakenborch’s edition. bonas artis.’ His inaugural lectures have _ Works: There is a lengthy list of the always been known and are printed in three writings of Danie) Heinsius in Foppens, op. incunabula (H. 7227, 7228, 7229). But C. cit. infra, pp. 227-228. Marron in Michaud Trinkaus has now found from careful study divides them into 1. editions of Greek and that a Wolfenbiittel Ms. (43 Aug.) is more

Latin classics; 2. verse, mainly Latin; precise than the printed texts ; it contains 8. Latin orations ; 4. his history of the siege the words Silium hoc anno interpretantem et, of Bois-le-Duc ; 5. facetiae (Laus asini, etc.). which the incunabula omit, at the end of the A collection of his Dutch verse was published speech: Vos autem adolescentes optimi et

by P. Scriverius in 1616. animo meo charissimi, qui me Silium hoc Among his editions of classical authors, anno interpretantem et vestris studiis inbesides Silius and the Poetics of Aristotle, cumbentem prosecuturi estis. .. are Theocritus, Hesiod, Maximus of Tyre, See C. Trinkaus, “A Humanist’s Image of

Seneca tragoedus, Theophrastus, Horace, Humanism: the Inaugural Orations of

Terence, Livy, and Prudentius. Bartolomeo della Fonte,’ Studies in the Bibl. : Eckstein 235-236 ; Ersch and Gru- Renaissance VII (1960) 90-147+1 pl. at 94

ber, II. Sect. 5. 14-17; J. C. Foppens, (‘. .. on 8 November 1484, when the Punica Bibliotheca Belgica (Brussels 1739) 226-228 + of Silius was the subject of his course, he pl. (portrait); Hoefer XXIII (Paris 1858) gave an Oratio in bonas artis.’) with n. 15 and

791-793; Hutton F 255-259; Michaud? 119 with n. 78 (texts with and without XIX (Paris 1857) 64-66; L. Miller, Ge- mention of Silius). Trinkaus admits the

schichte der klassischen Philologie in den possibility that ‘Fontius was inventing a Niederlanden. Mit einem Anhang iiber die subject and a date in committing the oration lateinische Versification der Niederldnder to this manuscript copy’ (119 n. 78). But, (Leipzig 1869; reprinted Groningen 1969), since the oration is the usual type of praepassim, esp. 38-39, 211 ; Pékel 114; Winkler lectio at the beginning of a course, the subject Prins Encyclopaedie® X (Amsterdam-Brus- of the course would be properly named but sels 1951) 471-472 ; Sandys II 203, 207, 312 might well be omitted by the printer since

(portrait), 313-315, 319. the oration dealt in general terms with D. J. H. ter Horst, Daniel Heinsius humanistic studies. Whether Fonzio gave

(1580-1655) (diss. Leyden 1934; Utrecht his course on Silius in Florence or in Rome

1934). , is hard to decide. of Herhetoric succeeded Francesco - : Filelfo as professor and philosCOMMENTARIES ophy at the studio in Florence in 1481 but _, 12.| DouBTFUL | in 1483 left because of hostilities with

Anonymus D remains anonymous. But Poliziano for Rome, where Sixtus IV gave the question may be raised of whether he is him the venia legendi ; he was back in Florconceivably to be identified with anybody ence from 1485 on, if not from the end of

for whose lecturing on Silius we have fairly 1484 on. See Delz I 130 with n. 38; cf. good evidence. Two persons who almost Trinkaus, op. cit., p. 94 with n. 14. See also certainly gave university courses on the Delz I 67 for the poem to Petrus Guicciar-

Punica in the 1480’s (at a time, then, near dinus in which Fonzio cites Silius among the

the first publication of Petrus Marsus’ authors whom he is busy with and for Ms. commentary) are (a) Bartholom(a)eus Fon- Riccard. 837, Barptol. Fontii Dictionarium 396

SILIUS ITALICUS

ex variis auctoribus collectum, where Silius Pietro Donato Avogaro of Verona,’ ibid. V is quoted twice. (The poem is Bartholo- (1962) 1-84+ 2 pls. at 70 (Avesani).

maeus Fontius, Carmina, edd. J. Fégel et Perhaps a better case might be made out L. Juhasz, Bibl. scriptorum medii recentisque for Volsco than for Fonzio as being the same aevorum, saec. X V-X VI (Leipzig 1932), No. as Anonymus D. One thing in particular is

18:... Inde furens recolo divini scripta against Fonzio. In J, the Silian Ms. of which

Maronis, / Vel Sili, Hannibalis qui fera bella he is the scribe (cf. Delz I 65-66 with nn. 34-

canit, / Insani vel me verto ad praecepta 40), we have at XIV 40 the correct reading e Lucreti, / Sive ad Phrixeae nobile carmen centum (most certainly an. emendation by ovis). . . [vvs. 43-46]). See also the account of Fonzio since no other Ms. contains it), Fonzio by E. M. Sanford in CTC I 227-229. whereas 2 has in the text herentu and,

b) ANToNIUS Voiscus as the correction of this by the second

hand, heferetum in the margin. Furthermore,

Volsco, in the Preface to his annotated at XIV 39 instead of the correct duzerat

edition of Propertius of 1488 or 1489, actos we find in the margin of Ine. II castigates Pietro Marsi and the latter’s 427 duzit et actos; this change is due to

teachers, Pomponio Leto and Domizio the second annotator in Y (Anonymus D), Calderini, in the following words : Superiori- who comments on duxerat of his text: bus annis Sylii Italici bellum Punicum pro- duxit ef puto potius, whereas Fonzio in

fitentes cum passim mendas offenderemus, J keeps the correct reading. ) mirati sumus quo pacto qui ante nos lege- Two other humanists may have been

rant eruditissimos professores vel non no- commenting on Silius in this period, (c) tasse vel ut incompertas reliquisse. Incide- Galeazzo Pontico Fac(c)ino (Galeatius Ponrunt tunc in manus novi quidam commen- ticus Fac(c)inus) and (d) Cynthius Cenetentarii qui presbiteri cuiusdam Marsi fereban- sis (i.e., Pietro Leoni). tur, incertum Vestinus an Marucinus sit; Paulus Marsus vir nostri temporis litteratis- c) GALEATIUS PonTicus FACCINUS simus mihique summa benivolentia coniunc- Ermolao Barbaro says in a letter written tissimus Marsum esse negabat. Cum illos to Faccino in 1484: Tu istic Silium absoldiligentius accuratiusque legissem, non modo veris, poeticam exercueris. Branca and maculas non tollere sed cicatricosum multis Richards interpret the absolveris here as

aliis vulneribus invenimus sauciare. Id ‘comment on,’ but it may mean only

vero suone an eorum quos iactitat praecep- ‘finish copying.’

torum iudicio fecerit nescio. I[llud tamen See the letter in question in Ermolao certissimum est locos centum quinquaginta Barbaro, Epistolae, Orationes et Carmina ferme annotasse qui antea aut nullam habe- (2 vols., ed. V. Branca, Florence 1943) I bant mendam aut paululum intricati intel- 56 (No. XL). Cf. ibid. II 145-146 for Branligi facillime potuissent : interpres ille acu- ca’s life of Faccino with bibliography and I tissimus ingeniose adeo castigavit ut inter- 18 for absolvit applied to a librarius. Cf. dum carminum lex non constet, interdum the great number of colophons of Antonio di poetae etiam sensa percipi non possint.. .’ Mario with absolvi or absolvit cited in B. L. For this passage and for various details Ullman, The Origin and Development of about Volsco and his scholarly activity Humanistic Script (Rome 1960) 99ff. For (e.g., the inclusion of Costanzo among his the life of Faccino and for his poetry (cf. names is due to confusion with Antonio Cos- poeticam exercueris) see also J. F. C. Ritanzo da Fano and must be abandoned ; chards, ‘The Poems of Galeatius Ponticus Volsco’s Propertius printed in Jan., 1482, Facinus,’ Studies in the Renaissance VI is the text only) see C. Dionisotti, ‘ “Lavinia (1959) 94-128.

venit litora,” Polemica virgiliana di M. Filetico,’ Italia medioevale e umanisfica d) CYNTHIUS CENETENSIS I (1958) 283-315 at 298-301. Cf. also R. As for Cynthius Cenetensis, Victor LuAvesani and B. M. Peebles, ‘Studies in siensis says of him in a letter to Franciscus e 397

LATIN AUTHORS

Turre (Feltrensis) : Disputat subtiliter, gra- SPuRIOUS WoRKS

viter et ornate loquitur, frequenter etiam ; ;

subtilitates Ciceronis, Plinii, Sylii, Quinti- UH, Ilias Latina

liani, Virgilii, Lucretii, Demostenis, Ausonii, That Silius was the author of the Jlias Palladii, Sereni et Sabini, historiasque non- Latina seems doubtful ; that it was written nullas effingit. Again, however, the diction by an Italicus, however, perhaps Baebius used is not a definite argument for Cynthius’ Italicus, is likely. Cf. F. Vollmer in PW IX

commenting on the Punica; if subtilitates (1914) 1057-1060 ; A. Klotz, ibid., 2. R. II suggests difficulties to be explained, effingit (1927) 91; and Schanz-Hosius II (81935)

does not seem to be quite the right word for Te le : him to assign the "a ae an expositor. See the letter on p. 269 (No. to Silius ; see his ‘Five Centuries of Latin 25) of the special section (pp. 259-269) De Hexameter Poetry: Silver Age and Late Cynthio Cenetensi appendix cum _ notis Empire,’ TAPA XCVIII (1967) 77-150 at Philippo Artico Episcopo Astensi auctore in 101-102, 104-105, 107-109, 142, 147 and G. M. Dozio’s ed. of Cynthii Cenelensis in Virgil and Classical Hexameter Poetry: A Virgilii Aeneidem Commentarium (Milan Study in Metrical Variety (Ann Arbor 1969) 1845). But certainly Cynthius was familiar 110-111 and 140. The Ms. tradition of the with the Punica ; he often quotes from it in Punica is entirely separate from that of the

his Virgilian commentary. Ilias Latina. The commentaries on the latter work will be discussed in another volume of this series.

398

VITRUVIUS

Fortuna. 399 Bibliography. 402 I. De archifectura. 403 by LUCIA A. CIAPPONI (Chapel, Hill North Carolina)

Commentaries.

1. Gulielmus Philander. 2. Daniel Barbarus. 3. Lost or doubtful commentaries. a. Bernardinus or Gaudentius Merula. b. Adrianus Anzuti, or Azovii. c. Iohannes Norchiatus. d. Hieronymus Cardanus. e. Antonius Lupicinus.

f;"

FORTUNA his article in Pauly-Wissowa supported with new arguments an identification earlier

Very little is known about Vitruvius, proposed by Mintzer of Vitruvius with who seems to have become famous only Mamurra, Caesar’s infamous praefectus fa-

after his death.! His treatise De Archi- brum. Ruffel and Soubiran, in a long and

tectura, the only ancient handbook of this tae Se replying tO enna nave kind that has reached us, dates from the oe Nitication ere Is no eviclence tor suen an age ° Augustus , argume nts for a later date, The little information we have about Vi-

including thoselife of Ussing (1896), gee , . . ; . truvius’ is found in are hisnow ownygtreatise: universally rejected. . . . wy . he tells usname that heisreceived an education, Vitruvius’ full unknown. The , .. . . . . both technical and liberal, thanks to his

few ancient writers who mention him call

. . . parents (VI pr.Pliny, 4); thatwho he had worked unhim simply Vitruvius: cites . , that . der Julius Caesar (I pr. 2) and finally, him as of source books XVI, XXXV, ,a.;his gs Naturalis thoughfor old and in ill health, he hopedoshis. XXXVI Historia; Fron. . ; . work would satisfy Augustus, to(Ad whom tinus (De Aquaeductibus 25); Servius . pr. he se: , . , had been recommended by Octavia (I 2; Aen. VIj43); Sidonius Apollinaris (Epp.5). A passage from Fron; II pr. 4; VI pr. IVts3, VIII(25, 6, 10). The name Vitruvius .. og5; tinus 1-2) seems to suggest that ViPollio is found only at the beginning of the ; ., _ , . truvius was employed in by some official epitome of the De Architectura Caetius : : Faventinus. Recently Paul Thielscher ; capacity on the aqueducts. He mentions y sener im only one building built by himself, a basil-

1. He himself declares (VI pr. 5) that he was not ica at Fanum (V 1, 6-10)," of which only well known at the time when he was writing his 2. Krohn believes that this passage in Vitrubook late in life, but he expects that his treatise will vius is an interpolation: Vitruvius, De Architec-

make him known to posterity. fura libri decem, Leipzig 1912, pp. iii-vi.

399

LATIN AUTHORS

scant and uncertain traces have been found, IX cent., at Gorze, at Toul and in an un-

but some scholars believe that further known library, perhaps French, in the XI

excavations may be fruitful. cent.; at Cluny and Rouen in the XII, at

His fame rests on his treatise De Archi- Bamberg in the XIII, at Regensburg, at fectura in ten books. The date of the De Fulda, at Canterbury, at the Sorbonne and Architectura is by no means established. in Avignon in the XIV cent. Schanz-Hosius put it around 25-23 B.C. ; There is no complete census of Vitruvian Pellati thinks that it was written in two manuscripts, but their number seems likely phases: books EVI would have been pre- to be about one hundred. Only three date sented to Augustus in the year 27, the others from the IX-XI cent.; more were copied

would have been finished perhaps around , 16-15 ; Thielscher would like to come down _—2/teT the XII and a larger number after the to 14, while Ruffel and Soubiran seem to XIV cent. The manuscript tradition of

incline toward the time around the battle of Vitruvius is fairly complicated and_ has

Actium.? always presented problems to the editors. The text of the De Architectura was It has been established that all the manuepitomized by Caetius Faventinus in the scripts derive from one archetype, which

III cent. In the IV cent. Servius mentions suffered the transposition of a folio perpetthe architect Vitruvius, misquoting him uated in all the extant manuscripts. Rose (Ad Aen. VI 43), and by the time of Si- and Mueller in their edition of the De Archidonius Apollinaris (V cent.) Vitruvius had tectura (Leipzig 1867) divided the manubecome the architect of the past (Epp. IV scripts into two primary families : one, very

3, 5; VIII 6, 10). The De Architectura, a numerous, would derive from the ms H very difficult text because of the large (Harleianus 2767) IX cent., the other, very amount of material covered, its technical- small, from E, an epitome with extracts from

ities, and Vitruvius’ style, was known the text of Vitruvius, and G (Gudiani 132 throughout the Middle Ages, even if it was and 69 respectively), X and XI cent. A not well understood. For instance, Einhard new manuscript S (Séléstat 1153 bis), found asked for an explanation of some difficult by André Giry in 1879, was considered with

Vitruvian words; Alcuin quoted him; some hesitation by Rose in his second ediPetrus Diaconus copied the De Architectura tion (1899) as being a member of the H

at Montecassino in the XII cent.; in the family with some collations from the EG XIII cent. Albertus Magnus quoted Vitru- family. Krohn in his edition of 1912 seems vius in his De natura locorum, as did Thomas to think that S is close to H with readings Aquinas, although indirectly, while Vincent of its own. Degering in a series of articles of Beauvais has long excerpts from the De expressed his opinion that S was the rep-

Architectura in his Speculum doctrinale, resentative of an independent family, as

and others are in the Biblionomia of Richard were two other manuscripts overlooked by de Fournival. Strangely enough the treatise Rose and Krohn, W (Vat. Regin. lat. 2079, seems to be unknown to the Italian cultural XIII cent.) and V (Vat. Regin. lat. 1328, XV

centers of the Middle Ages, with the ex- cent.). Recently Ruffel and Soubiran in ception of Montecassino : the pre-humanists, their fundamental study of the manuscript such as Benzo d’Alessandria or Guglielmo tradition of Vitruvius have followed Degeda Pastrengo, do not seem to know the ring’s suggestions and come to the conclusion De Architectura. Vitruvius is absent from that the manuscripts must be divided into the catalogues of the old Italian libraries of five primary families: H, EG, S, W, V. Verona, Bobbio, Nonantola, and Pomposa, More recently Chausserie-Laprée, taking as

while it was present, for example in the the starting point of his study the work of

libraries of Reichenau and Murbach in the Ruffel and Soubiran, has come to a different

— conclusion: he proposes going back to the 3. See the discussion in Pallas 11 (1962) 144 division into the two primary families

n. 30; 148. suggested by Rose and Krohn ; on one side 400

VITRUVIUS

we would have EG, on the other HSWV and ed in Italy attributes it to Silber but with

derived manuscripts. the date 1495(?). In the second edition

The tradition of Vitruvius, as we have (C 6269), perhaps by Christophorus de Penit, points toward north-European origins. sis, the text of Vitruvius is followed by the In fact, the oldest extant manuscripts are De Aquaeductibus of Frontinus and the all from northern Europe. Only after the 'Panepistemon and the Lamia of Politian. XIV cent. do manuscripts of Vitruvius ap- It has two colophons: one, at the end of pear in Italy. The De Architectura, like the De Archifectura, has the date Florence many other ancient works, became known 1496 ; the other, at the end of the Lamia, to the Italian humanists through Petrarch has Venice 1495. The third edition was and his friends. Petrarch obtained a Vitru- printed in Venice in 1497 by Simon Bevilavius probably around 1350, but he did not qua (H 5451, GW 7123): here the De Archiseem to be much interested in this author, fectura is preceded by Cleonides, Harmoniwhom he quotes only three times. More cum introductorium and followed by Fronenthusiastic was his friend Boccaccio who is tinus, De Aquaeductibus and the Panepiste-

known to have owned a manuscript of mon and the Lamia of Politian. Both the

Vitruvius bound with his Tacitus, now lost, second and the third editions lack the name

and who frequently quotes the De Archi- of their editor. tectura with readings typical of Petrarch’s In 1511 the Venetian printer Giovanni text in his works written between 1350 and of Tridino published a new edition of the 1360. Giovanni Dondi, another friend of text of the De Architectura only, with ilPetrarch’s, owned a Vitruvius (bound with lustrations. This beautiful edition in small a Pliny), now also lost, and quotes the De folio was prepared by the famous architect, Archifectura with readings that again lead philologist, and epigraphist Fra Giocondo

to Petrarch’s text. At about the same time of Verona. Although it does not have a a Vitruvius appears in the catalogue of commentary, the beautiful woodcuts, which books of Nicola Acciaioli; later Jean de were used to illustrate the text for the first Montreuil is known to have obtained from time, the captions to the woodcuts themItaly a copy of the De Architectura together selves, the lexicon and the final note which

with Cato, Censorinus and the De rustica of attempts to explain the meaning of the Varro. In 1416 Poggio Bracciolini found a mathematical symbols used by Vitruvius, De Architectura at St. Gall, but by this time as well as many corrections to the text, the text was already well known in human- several of which due to the use of a difistic circles. Vitruvius was very influential ferent manuscript family, show that Gioin the Italian Renaissance: from Francesco condo did not limit himself to copying the di Giorgio Martini to Raphael the De Archi- text from a manuscript while making some fectura was considered the basic handbook conjectures of his own here and there, but of the art of building, and a modern work of tried thoroughly to understand and interpret the same type, the De re aedificatoria of it. The text of Giocondo was reprinted, this Leon Battista Alberti, published in 1485, time with the De Agquaeductibus of Fronti-

was openly inspired by it. nus, by Filippo Giunta in 1513; again in

In the Quattrocento and the Cinquecento Florence by the Giunta brothers in 1522 Vitruvius was printed several times. The and in Lyon in 1523.4 There are a few

text of the De Architectura, followed by the fifteenth-century Italian translations pretext of the De Aquaeductibus of Frontinus, served in manuscripts, and it might be appeared for the first time in Rome (C noted, for instance, that in a manuscript 6268) edited by the grammarian Sulpicio of in Munich the Italian version of Fabio

Veroli. Printer and date are unknown: ~~

Proctor suggested Georgius Herolt 1486, 4, These are some results of my research on the but BMC attributes this work to Eucharius early editions of the De Architectura and especially Silber and dates it between 1483 and 1490, of that of Giocondo, which I hope to publish in the

while the Short title catalogue of books print- near future. 401

LATIN AUTHORS

Calvo Ravennate has marginal notes which here. The edifio maior of Rose-Mueller of

have been ascribed to Raphael5 1867 gave a renewed impulse to Vitruvian

The first commentary on Vitruvius was studies, which have continued to flourish up written in Italian by Cesare Cesariano, one to this day, enlisting philologists, archeoloof the architects of the Duomo of Milan, to gists, and practicing architects in editing,

accompany his Italian translation; his commenting, and translating the text and in work was finished by Bono Mauro and explicating particular passages.

Benedetto Giovio and was printed in Como

in 1521. It represents a big step forward in BIBLIOGRAPHY.

the direction indicated by Giocondo. It

has very beautiful and sophisticated il- Modern Editions.

lustrations. This publication was followed F. Krohn, Leipzig, 1912 (Teubner); F. by a large number of Italian translations Granger, London, New York, 1931-34, with or without commentary, nearly all with English translation (Loeb Classics) ; based on Giocondo or Cesariano, if not J. Soubiran, Paris, 1969, only Book IX to copying directly from them. After 1540 a date (Budé). number of translations into French, German, Vitruvius in the ancient world.

and Spanish also were printed. P. Thielscher, Real-Encyclopddie der clas-

The first commentary in Latin appeared sichen Altertumswissenschaft IX A (1961) quite late, in 1544, the work of a French- 419-89 (especially 427-62) ; F. Mintzer, ‘Faman, Guillaume Philandrier, who seems to ba minus und Faberius scriba,’ Berl. Phil. have taken advantage of the studies of Gio- Woch. 36 (1916) 1316-20; P. Ruffel-J. condo, Cesariano and the others, to which he Soubiran, ‘Vitruve ou Mamurra?’ Pallas 11 added work of his own. In the list of the (1962) 123-79; F. Pellati, Vitruvio, Rome authors that he claims to have used in his 1938 ; the same, ‘La basilica di Fano e la commentary, there appear most of the men formazione del trattato di Vitruvio,’ Renof the Renaissance who had been interested diconti d. Pont. Accad. di Archeol. 23-24 in Vitruvius. After Philandrier, the Vene- (1947-49) 153-74 ; G. Berardi, Fano Romana.

tian Daniele Barbaro published first in Basilica di Vitruvio, Fano 1967. Italian then in Latin an edition of Vitruvius Vitruvius in the Middle Ages and the with commentary. In 1612 Bernardino Bal- Renaissance.

di published in Augsburg a De verborum F. Pellati, ‘Vitruvio e la fortuna del suo Vitruvianorum significatione, sive perpetuus trattato nel mondo antico,’ Rivista di filol. in M. Vitruvium Pollionem commentarius. e d’istruz, class. 49 (1921) 305-335 ; * Vitru-

Despite the title, it is an alphabetically vio nel Medioevo e nel Rinascimento,’ arranged Vitruvian lexicon and not a real Boll. d. R. Ist. di arch. e st. delUarte 5 commentary. Interest in the De Architectura (1932) 111-32; H. Koch, Vom Nachleben continued throughout the seventeenth, eight- Vitruvs (Deutsche Beitrage zur Altertumseenth and nineteenth centuries, and at least wissenschaft I) Baden-Baden 1951; L. A. the studies of Poleni (XVIII cent.) and Ciapponi, ‘Ill ‘De Architectura’ di Vitruvio Marini (XIX cent.) should be mentioned nel primo umanesimo,’ Italia Medioevale e

ee5. Munich, Umanistica 3 (1960) 59-99 (espec. 59-62) ; Staatsbibliothek, cod. ital. 37 and C. Herselle-Krinsky, ‘Seventy-eight Vi37a (s. XVI). Cod. 37 has the note: In Roma in truvius Manuscripts,’ Journal of the Warcasa di Raphaello di Giovanne di Sacte (sic) da burg and Courtauld Institutes 30 (1967) 36Urbino et a sua instantia; see Catalogus codicum 70. On the manuscript tradition: A. Giry manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Regiae Monacensis ‘Notes sur un manuscrit de la Bibliothéque VII (Munich, 1858; reprinted 1971) 284, nos. de Schlestadt,’ Revue de phil. 3 (1879) 161034 and 1035. The traditional ascription of the 18; H. Degering, Berl. Phil. Woch. 20 marginal notes to Raphael has been questioned (1900) 8-16; 27 (1907) 1564-68 ; 32 (1912) by R. Weiss. Lettere Italiane XI (1959) 94, note 581-86; 35 (1915) 418-20; P. Ruffel-J.

43, Soubiran, “Recherches sur la tradition manu-

402

VITRUVIUS

scrite de Vitruve,’ Pallas 9 (1960) 5-154 ; not have published it but for his protector J. P. Chausserie-Laprée, ‘Un nouveau stem- George d’Armagnac. On this occasion, ma Vitruvien,’ Revue des études latines 47 however, Philander published only his com(1969) 347-77. On the origin of the arche- mentary. It was issued by Joannes Andreas type: F. Granger, “The Harleian Ms. of Dossena who, in the publisher’s advertiseVitruvius (H) and the Codex Amiatinus,’ ment prefixed to the work, affirms that the Journal of Theological Studies 32 (1930-31) commentary contains much _ information 74-77, and “The Provenience of the London of general interest and also promises to Vitruvius,’ Speculum 11 (1936) 261-64; L. publish in a short time the text of the De W. Jones, ‘The Provenience of the London Architectura with Philander’s emendations, Vitruvius,’ Speculum 7 (1932) 64-70; the commentary and new illustrations, which same, The Script of Cologne from Hildebald will be the best edition ever printed, better to Hermann, Cambridge, Mass. 1932, 65- than the one recently printed in Basel. I 66 ; the same, ‘More about the London Vi- have not been able to find any edition truvius,’ Speculum 12 (1937) 257-63 ; C. H. whatsoever published in Basel at this time,

Beeson, ‘The Manuscript Problem of Vi- but Dossena may be misinformed and truvius,’ Class. Phil. 30 (1935) 342-47; allude to the edition of Strasbourg of 1543. B. Bischoff, ‘Die wiedergefundenen Schluss- Dossena was not able to print the promised

blatter des Vitruvius MHarleianus,’ Phil. edition.

Woch. 62 (1942) 504. The Rome, 1544 edition begins with _ Vitruvius’ description of the character of Editions : the architect. (De architectura I 1, 7)

A useful list of older editions in G. Poleni, Architecti. virtutes ex Vitruvio. [Inc]: Exercttationes Vitruvianae primae, Padua Architectus magno sit animo, non arrogans,

1739 (also Udine, 1825). Less accurate B. Eb- sed facilis et aequus et fidelis. . ./. . [Expl.]: hardt, Diezehn Biicher der Architektur des Vi- suam tueatur dignitatem bonam famam hafruv und ihre Herausgeber. Mit einem Verzeich- bendo, rogatus, non rogans, suscipiat curam.

nis der vorhandenen Ausgabenund Erlduterun- Publisher’s Introduction. Iohannes Angen, Berlin 1918 (also Ossining, N. Y. 1962). dreas Dossena studiosis salutem [Inc.]: Ego nihil hominis natura decentius magisve

De architectura. proprium existimandum puto quam.... COMMENTARIES. Et quamvis optime cognoscam Vitruvium

ipsum a paucis legi...animadverti hunc 1. GULIELMUS PHILANDER doctissimum virum [Philander] sexcentas in

ae hisce annotationibus res scitu dignissimas

a) The edition of 1544. aspersisse.... Quod si, ut spero evenerit,

Gulielmus Philander published his first vobis paucos post menses Vitruvii opus

commentary on Vitruvius separately from universum me impressurum polliceor pristhe text of the De Archifectura in 1544, tino candori ab eodem Philandro restitutum

when he was in Rome with his patron ac infinitis mendis quibus nunc titubare

George d’Armagnac. The commentary ap- videtur castigatum, variis insuper ac novis pears to have been finished in 1541 (see figuris exornatum, quale nullae adhuc offithe explicit of the commentary) and is dedi- cinae ediderunt, nec ea quidem quae opus cated to Francis I, king of France. In his illud hoc anno Basileae excusum proposuit, letter of dedication Philander declares that quae impressio non solum doctorum iudicio Rome seemed to him the right place to castigatior non videtur, sed deterior certe, aliwork on Vitruvius. Although the style of quanto corruptior...[£azpl.j: ut vos osthe passage is involved, it appears that the tendat se non parum studii et diligentiae

Pope and some cardinals were interested in his libris primum declarandis, deinde

in his work and were urging him to publish corrigendis, adhibuisse. Valete.

it. He was dubious and, although he had Auctores quos in hoc opere Philander et been working on it for three years, he would ii per quos ipse profecit sequufi sunt et 403

LATIN AUTHORS

citant [Inc.]: Apollonius mathematicus, et virtutis ergo nihil minus sperantem aut Athenaeus, Aristocles. . .[Expl.]: Verrius, expectantem civitate donavissent, sub cuius

Xenophon, Zenodotus. nomine (si quam fortasse ea re utilitatem

Dedication. Francisco Valesio regi po- studiosis adferre possem) sinerem in vulgum tentissimo et christianissimo Gulielmus Phi- prodire, dubitabam... Dum animi_ penlander Castilionius victoriam. [Jnc.]: Fuisse derem, vicit authoritas mecoenatis mei tempus cum in montibus ac sylvis dispersi Geor. Armeniaci Ruthenorum episcopi, dissipatique homines. vse Itaque rel diffi- tuae [of king Francis I] maiestatis apud cultate deterriti qui libros Vitruvii habe- Max. Pont. Paulum prudentissimi, vigilanpant, noleban t legere, quorum Se cognitio- tissimi et integerrimi legati....[Expl.]: de fluere et retro sublapsa referri architectonice textrina dtaeque ra 10 quaeque acts ut qui aedificarunt novis ineptiarum deli- pondusculis _perficitur, tande m aliquando ramentis appareat delectatos, nisi forte hoc absolvam. Valeat tua maiestas. Roma

nem assequi posse diffidebant. Ex illo , dij laeis idest

ineptire non est, posthabitis probatissimis calendis Augusti MDXLIIII. .

laudatissimorum operum rationibus, inep- Vitruvii vita ex tpso opere per Philandrum

ta atque otiosa ornamenta, ne dicam a collecta. [Inc.|]: M. Vitruvii Pollionis quae rerum natura abhorrentia, frustra et ambi- fuerit patria video in dubium revocari, tiose comminisciet his officiis ac praestigiis a quibusdam Romanum. . .[Ezpl.]: fuisse in-

probis abducere et fucum facere. Neque genii, libri septimus, nonus et decimus enim audiendi sunt qui pro cuiusque libi- argumento esse queant. Hactenus quod dine variam et mutabilem esse aedificiorum astruere possumus. formam dicunt. lIactari enim et alio atque Commentary. [Gullielmi Philandri_ Casalio deferri necessario esset, nisi quo tenden- tilionii Galli civis Romani in primum lib. dum cognitum nobis prius ac perspectum M. Vitruvii Pollionis de Architectura annota-

fuerit. Sed commune hoc, inquit ille, igno- tiones cap. primum]. [Jnc.]: Graphidos rantiae vitium est, quae nescias nequicquam scientiam habere. Graphis est linearis de-

esse profiteri. Haec cum ita essent, non formatio sive designatio. Non desunt poteram facere quin de emendando Vitru- tamen qui. ..[Ezpl.}: Hoc tamen tesvio, idque Romae ubi antiquitatis vestigia tatum volumus labores hos nostros maiores

adhuc nonnulla reliqua erant, et saepe et fuisse quam visum iri speremus. Finis.

diu cogitarem. Itaque iam tertius actus est Haec Philander commentabatur Roma ITI annus cum per aestatem successivis operis Calendis Augusti MDXLI, suadente impelsummopere contendi ut ea restituerem quae lenteque et adiuvante mecoenate suo Geormihi depravata, luxata et mutila videbantur. gio Armeniaco Ruthenorum episcopo, tum Paucis mensibus tot mendis purgavi ut au- regio ad Paulum III Pont. Max. legato. sim omni asseveratione adfirmare, praeter Errata unum atque alterum locum quae neque ipse Index dictionum quae in his annotationibus Apollo sanaverit, parum abesse quominus Graece leguntur. hic auctor quam emendatissimus in manus Index eorum quae habentur in annotationibus

hominum veniat. Inter emendandum mul- in Vitruvium copiosissimus.

ta sese offerebant difficilia et obscura, Editions :

quae si scholio illustrarem, videbar facturus 1544, Rome: apud Io. Andream Dosseoperae precium. Id a nobis pro viribus est nam Taurinen.; Graesse VI 2, 377. BM.

factum. Illud quodcunque fuerat laboris, 1545, Paris: ex officina Michaelis Fe-

cum intelligerem Pont (ifici) Max(imo) pro- zandat, in domo Albretica e regione divi batum et me aliquot huius sacro- Hilarii. Graesse VI 2, 377. BM; BN. This sancti purpuratorum patrum collegii prin- edition does not have the list of errata, but cipes viri ceu a tota paene Italia duos annos the corrections were properly introduced incredibili cum desiderio expectatum ut ae- into the text.

derem hortarentur, si facerem, gratifica- (*) 1545, Paris: apud Iacobum Kerver.

turum me in primis Romanis, qui literarum Graesse VI 2, 377. BM; BN. 404

VITRUVIUS

1550, Strasbourg : ex officina Knoblochia- Aristoteles, ...[Expl.] : Zenodotus, Zeno Myn-

na per Georgium Machaeropiaeum, with dius, Zonoras.

Frontinus De Aguaeductibus and Cusanus’ Vitruvii vita ex ipso opere per Philandrum Dialogus de staticis experimentis. Adams collecta (some changes). [Jnc.]: M. Vitruvii

V-907; Graesse VI 2, 377. BN ; (MH). Pollionis quem reperi ab aliquo Veturii (*) 1557, Venice: ex officina Stellae ; Ruffi nomine ad testimonium vocatum...

Graesse VI 2, 377. [Expl.}: et id genus anno MCCCCXCIIII was inventum in coenobio quodam ad Bobium b) the edition of 1552 oppidum. Hactenus quod astruere possu-

The text of Vitruvius corrected by Phi- mus.

lander and his commentary were published Inscriptiones omnium capitum M. Vitruvit in Lyon in 1552 by Iohannes Tornaesius. Pollionis librorum decem de Architectura. The colophon of this edition states that the Mathematical table. [Inc.]: Lectori. Ex

commentary has been enriched by one his quae libro decimo M. Vitruvius habet third. Since Francis I had died, Philan- atque ex veterum autorum Graecorum... der dedicated this edition to George d’Ar- [Expl.]: significare contenderet si ut tramagnac. In his dedication Philander him- dita fuerunt incorrupta ad nos conservata self claims that he had thoroughly revised haberentur. his work. The incipit and explicit of the Architecti virtutes ex Vitruvio : see 1544 ed. commentary are the same in both editions, Portrait of Philander.

but there are changes in their texts, and Greek epigram by F. Tirlerianus: yodpas new pieces are added besides the new dedica- pév yahendv poopny dé vdov dé Piddvdgor,

tion to Armagnac. The list of the authors Gad’ abtog xodtts: gpawdusr’ augdrtsea.

used by Philander is richer. The life of Latin epigram by F. Tirlerianus: Hoc Vitruvius is partially redone. A table on opus ingenii vires animumque Philandri, /

the mathematical symbols used by Vitruvius Ista refert vultum corporis effigies. taken from the 1511 edition of Fra Giocondo Commentary : {Gulielmi Philandri Castilis added. There is a portrait of Philander ionii Galli, civis Romani in decem M. Vitruhimself with two epigrams, one in Greek and vii Pollionis de Architectura libros annota-

one in Latin by F. Tirlerianus in honor of tionum liber primus. In caput I annota-

Philander. An epitome of Georgius Agri- tiones]. [Jnc.]: Graphidos scientiam habere. cola’s De mensuris et ponderibus by the same Graphis linearis est deformatio sive desig-

Philander follows the work on Vitruvius. natio. Non desunt tamen qui... [Ezpl.]:

New dedication: Ilustriss. et reverendiss. Hoc tamen testatum volumus labores hos

d. Georgio Armagnacio S. R. E. cardinali nostros maiores fuisse quam visum iri

mecoenati et patrono suo Gulielmus Phi- speremus. Haec Philander Romae primum lander Castilionius S. [Znc.]: Annotationes commentabar III Calendis Augusti MDXLI

in Vitruvium Pollionem quas ad Franciscum suadente impellenteque et adiuvante mecoeregem P. P. ac bonarum Jitterarum asser- nate meo Georgio cardinale Armagnacio regio

torem... Opus prope totum interpolavi: tum ad Paulum tertium Pont. Max. legato. mutata pleraque, addita plurima, aliquanto Epitome of Georgius Agricola’s De mensu-

tersiora omnia. Supervacuus enim foret ris et ponderibus.

in studiis longior labor, inquit ille, si nihil li- Index in decem Vitruvii libros atque annoceret melius invenire praeteritis....[Eapl.]:a tationes Gulielmi Philandri copiosiss. quibus te coli putas principem locum velle Index dictionum Graecarum quae in his obtinere. Vale. Lugduno in aedibus Ioannis Vitruvii libris atgue Philandri annotationiTornaesii typographi, Calendis Januarii anno bus sparsim leguntur.

quinquagesimo secundo supra sesquimille- Errata to the Epitome. nium. Excerpt from the imperial privilege. Dedication to Francis I: see 1544 ed. Editions: Authors used by Philander : (some changes) 1552, Lyon: apud Ioannem Tornaesium, {Inc.] ;: Apollonius mathematicus, Athenaeus, with the epitome of Agricola’s De mensuris ef 405

LATIN AUTHORS

ponderibus. Adams V 908 ; Graesse VI 2, 377. Quintilian (not complete) Castigationes atque

BM ; BN ; (MH). annotationes pauculae in XII libros Insti1586, Lyon: apud Ioannem Tornaesium, tutionum M. Fabiit Quintiliani. .., Lyon

with the epitome of Agricola’s De mensuris et 1535 and the Epitome in omnes Georgii ponderibus. Adams V 910 ; Graesse VI 2, 377. Agricolae de mensuris et ponderibus libros

BM ; BN. which was added to his edition of Vitruvius (*) 1586, Coloniae Allobrogum : apud Io- of 1552.

annem Tornaesium. Adams V 911. According to his biographer Philibert de

1649, Amsterdam : apud Ludovicum Elze- la Mare, Philander had finished two other virium, with excerpts from the commentary works, De sectionibus marmorum et poliof Barbaro and Salmasius’ notes and with turis and De lapidum coloribus, and was other works. Graesse VI 2, 377. BM; BN; thinking of writing three others, De picturis

(MH). et colorum compositione ; De hyalurgia, plasBiography : tice et baphice and De umbris.

Gullielmus Philander (Guillaume Philan- Bibl.: The fundamental biography is drier or Filandrier) was born at Chatillon- Philibert de la Mare, De vita, moribus et sur-Seine in 1505 of an old family. He scriptis Guillelmi Philandri Castilionii... received a good education and in 1533 he epistola, s.l. 1667; others are: A. Baillet, became lector of George d’Armagnac then Jugemens des savants sur les principaux oubishop of Rodéz. While in Rodéz, Philander vrages des auteurs, II, Paris 1722, 300; wrote some inscriptions, prepared a com- A. Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la litterature mentary on Quintilian (of which a part francaise du seiziéme siécle (1959), 317 (Fiis lost) and began to apply himself to archi- landrier) ; Dictionnaire des Lettres Frangaises,

tecture. Vitruvius became his model. He ed. G. Grente, Le seiziéme siécle, Paris built several buildings in Rodéz and George 1951, 566; WHoefer, Nouvelle biographie

d’Armagnac gave him the direction of the générale, XXXIX, Paris 1862, 836-37; construction of the cathedral. When George Michaud, Biographie universelle ancienne et

d’Armagnac was sent as ambassador of moderne, XXXIII, Paris-Leipzig n.d. 43; Francis I to Venice and then to Rome, Papillon, Bibliotheque des auteurs de BourPhilander followed him. In Rome he was gogne, II, Dijon 1745, 148-51 (also Genéve

made honorary Roman citizen, and he 1970).

seems to have studied with the famous architect Sebastiano Serlio. There he work- 2. DANIEL BARBARUS ed for three years on Vitruvius, encouraged

by George d’Armagnac. Finally in 1544, In 1556 the printer Francesco Marcolini the same year in which Armagnac was made published in Venice Daniele Barbaro’s cardinal, Philander published his commen- Italian translation of the De Architectura of

tary on Vitruvius, dedicating it to Francis I. Vitruvius with a commentary. In 1567

Philander went back to France when George Francesco de Franceschi published both a d’Armagnac was recalled and in 1552 I[o- revised edition of Barbaro’s 1556 work and, hannes Tornaesius published in Lyon his for the first time, Barbaro’s Latin edition of

edition of Vitruvius with his revised com- the De Architectura with commentary. It mentary, which he dedicated to his patron seems, however, that Barbaro produced Armagnac, since Francis I had died. In both his Italian and Latin editions of the

1554 Philander took sacred orders, later text and the commentary on Vitruvius

became canon of the cathedral of Rodéz ; simultaneously. In fact the new publisher, in 1561 he became archdeacon. He died in presenting the Italian text to the readers, Toulouse in 1565 while on a visit to his wrote in his preface: “Volendo io ristampatron,George d’Armagnac, who had become pare il Vitruvio con il commento del Reve-

archbishop of Toulouse. rendissimo Monsignor Daniel Barbaro eletto

Works: Besides the work on Vitruvius, d’Aquileggia, spesse fiate sono stato in Philander published his commentary on pensiero di non offendere l’animo suo sa406

VITRUVIUS

pendo che sua Signoria Reverendissima difficili, et quelle dei bagni et della palestra era occupata in altri studi convenienti al bellissime, che portano gran iume alle cose grado che tiene: perd io sono stato molto di Vitruvio. Ha similmente aggiunti molti tempo a dar principio a quello che io disi- discorsi et molte belle pratiche eccitando derava’grandemente. Hora che... ho preso gli studiosi della verita a fare qualche bella ardire di scuoprirle il mio disiderio né mi cosa et a ponere le spalle sotto a questa ho-

sono ingannato della bonta sua, perché norata impresa nella quale molti si sono havendosi cortesemente contentato che io inutilmente affaticati per essere impresa

lo ristampassi, mi disse che haveva anco di persone letterate et pratiche, le quali due apparecchiato il latino, che egli fece gia in- conditioni di raro si ritrovano in un sogetto sieme col volgare [italics are mine] et che et sono pili che necessarie se l’>huomo vuole gli haveva aggiunto molte cose et molte havere et la cosa et il nome di architetto.” figure che non sono nel primo et che mi The Latin edition of 1567 does not seem donarebbe anche il latino.” According to de to be a mere copy in translation of the Italian Franceschi changes were made both in the version of the same year. First of all, while commentary (especiaily in book IX where the latter, as in the 1556 edition, is dedicated Barbaro replaced his own explanation of to card. Ippolito d’Este, the Latin edition the solar clocks with the analemma of Com- is dedicated to Antonius Perenot Granvelle,

mandino, which appeared to be more card. of Malines. The Latin edition lacks satisfactory) and in the illustrations. The the presentation letter of the publisher, the

latter were cut by his partner, Iohannes life of Vitruvius and a formal preface, Crugher: “La dove havendo io havuto piu although there is a kind of introduction di quello che haverei saputo dimandare, ho before the actual commentary to the Latin voluto, benigni lettori, ad utilita commune text. The dedication to Perenot Granvelle

mandar in luce l’uno et laltro Vitruvio is more scholarly than the dedication to

{Italian and Latin] et usare ogni diligenza Ippolito d’Este. Differences, not merely per rifarli in forma commoda et con figure due to the language, are apparent right at accuratamente et diligentemente intagliate the beginning and at the end of the two dal mio honorato compare et compagno in commentaries. For instance, at the end of questa impresa M. Giovanni Chrieger Ale- the Latin commentary Barbaro affirms that mano, et accomodate a questa nuova forma, he had finished a work on perspective. He accioché ognuno possa godere il frutto delle does not mention it at all in the Italian dotte fatiche del sopradetto mio Signore. version. This work was probably his La

Il quale...havendo veduto che nello practica della prospettiva di Mons. Daniele

Analemma di Vitruvio lo eccellente messer Barbaro eletto patriarca d’ Aquileia, opera Federico Commandino si ha portato egre- molto utile a pittori, a scultort et architetti, giamente interpretando lo Analemma di which was published in Venice in 1569, a Tolomeo, che é lo istesso con lo Analemma couple of years later. di Vitruvio, et che il punto é posto in quello Barbaro’s approach to Vitruvius is philoet che gli altri che hanno scritto degli horo- sophical-esthetical. Under the pretext of logi non hanno dato nel fondamento loro, commenting on Vitruvius, Barbaro expresses giudicando quella esser vera, sola et ispedita and develops his theory according to which via che insegna dimostra et practica una ‘eurythmia’ is the fundamental law of any

delle parti principali dell’Architettura, ha art and finds its full expression in archivoluto levare dal nono libro i discorsi gia tecture. These ideas are expressed in both fatti sopra gli horologi et in loro vece riponere versions Of Barbaro’s work, but it seems to

questi di Tolomeo et del Commandino ag- me that the tone set at the beginning of the giungnendovi la facilita che é propria sua. Italian edition is more didactic and given to Pero i lettori del rinovato Vitruvio gli ha- details than that of the Latin edition. Due veranno questo obligo di pil, come anco to this approach Barbaro’s commentary is deono haverlo per molte figure aggiunte et different from Philander’s. While Philanspecialmente quelle dei cavedi, che sono der’s commentary is strictly exegetic, Bar407

LATIN AUTHORS

baro likes first to make a general comment Tabula declinationis solis. (historical, philosophical etc.) on a_ full Tabula rectarum ascensionum.

paragraph of the text, then to discuss Editions:

separate points under the appropriate lem- 1567, Venice: apud Franciscum Franmata. The Italian version of Barbaro’s ciscium Senensem et Ioan. Crugher GerVitruvius was reprinted several times, his manum. Adams V 909; Graesse VI 2, 377. Latin version was published only in this BM ;sx BN; (MH).

edition of 1567. Biography: Dedication (ed. of Venice, 1567). Illustriss. Daniel Barbarus (Daniele Matteo Alvise

et Reverendiss. Cardinali Granvellano do- Barbaro) was born of an old Venetian family mino D. Antonio Perrenoto Archiepiscopo in Venice, on February 8, 1514. He attended Mecliniensi Daniel Barbarus electus Aqui- the University of Padua, where he studied leiensis S.P.D. [Jnc.]: Multa esse cognitio- philosophy, mathematics and medicine. He

num genera nemo est qui dubitet, Ilustris- lived in Padua until 1545. His first apsime ac Reverendissime Cardinalis... pointment from the Venetian government

[Exzpl.]: sin minus lectorum __benignita- was that of planning and building a botanical tem quaero ut propensam voluntatem meam garden which would supply experimental

pro opere habere velit. Vale. material for the students of medicine of the Index eorum quae in toto opere continentur University. In 1548 he was made “provve-

secundum capitulorum ordinem. ditor di comun”, and became engaged in

Index totius operis. caring for the poor in Venice. He was sent

Errata. as Venetian ambassador to England, where

Introduction. [Inc.|] : Graecorum mos est, si he seems to have lived for a couple of years, quos sibi authores exponendos ac interpre- from 1549 to 1551. Meanwhile the Venetian

tandos susceperint, praeponere aliqua... Republic insisted that the then patriarch [Expl]: prudenter quidem tribuit_ et of Aquileia, Giovanni Grimani, choose a

apte concedit. Hunc igitur in modum ag- successor for his see, politically so important

grediatur. for Venice. Grimani chose Daniele Barbaro, who, however, never succeeded to the see or Commentary on the preface. [Inc.] : Augusti resided in Aquileia. In fact he does not seem

tempore pax universum orbem habuit. to have even received any kind of sacred Iani fores clausae, imperium unius nutu... orders ; in any case he died before Giovanni

{Ezpl.]: quae quoniam Vitruvianis ver- Grimani. He took active part, however,

bis continentur, ea, Dei Opt. Max. implora- in the third phase of the council of Trent to auxilio, aggrediemur. [Jnce.]: (1 1, 1) where he was directly involved with problems Architecturae nomen a principatu deduc- concerning the Index librorum, a safe-conduct

tum est, quem tenet inter artes omnes... for the Protestants, and the Eucharist under [Expl.j] : Quae a Vitruvio dicuntur in perora- the two species. The pope tried to push the

tione facilia sunt. Reliquum est ut Deo gra- election of Barbaro to the cardinalate in tias agam immortales quod ad finem opus 1566 and again in 1569 but without success laboriosissimum perduxerim et quae pollici- because of the strong opposition of Venice.

tus sum quantum in me fuerit fide et dili- Barbaro died in Venice on the 13th of gentia praestiterim. Opticem autem de qua April, 1570.

libro quinto me tractaturum promisi iam Works: There are several works left by

absolvi et statim videndam curabo ut etiam Barbaro, especially on philosophy, mathin hac parte aliquid utilitatis etiam pictori- ematics and theology. His first work is a

bus afferam. Itaque quemadmodum a commentary on Porphyry, Exquisifae in

praeceptoribus meis didici, in sequentibus Porphyrium commentationes, Venice 1542. exponam (X 16, 12) [presumably referring He edited and commented several of his

to the following tables]. uncle Ermolao’s works: Compendium Ethi-

Tabula longitudinum, latitudinum, par- corum Librorum Hermolai Barbari, Venice

tium et magnitudinum stellarum. 1544; Rhetoricorum Aristotelis libri tres, 408

VITRUVIUS

Venice 1544 ; Compendium scientiae natura- whether this commentary was in Italian or

lis Hermolat Barbari, Venice 1545. ; About Latin.

his stay in England he wrote for the Vene-

tian Senate a Relazione which was first b) ADRIANUS ANZUTI, OR AzoOvII published in London in 1796. The Lettere di The same Fabricius (ibid., p. 341) menDaniel Barbaro, published in Padua in 1829, tions also a commentary of Vitruvius and are of the same period. He also left the Frontinus, otherwise unknown, by Adrianus dialogue Della eloguenza, Venice 1557, and Anzuti or Azovii. translated the Catena on the psalms, Aurea

in quinquaginta Davidicos Psalmos doctorum c) IoHANNES NoRcHIATUS Graecorum catena interpretante Daniele Bar- According to Poleni (ibid., p. 61) Michael

baro..., Venice 1569. His most important Pocciantus in his Catalogus Scriptorum

work, however, is his I dieci libri dell’archi- Florentinorum. .., Florence 1589, says of fettura di M. Vitruvio with commentary of Iohannes Norchiatus, canon of San Lorenzo which two manuscripts are in the Biblioteca around 1550, that he started a commentary Marciana of Venice: Cod. Ital. IV 37 (5133) on Vitruvius which he did not finish: opus and Cod. Ital. IV 152 (5106). Connected arduum et perdifficile aggressus est, in quo with this work are also La pratica della omnium instrumentorum ad _ artifices perprospettiva di Mons. Daniele Barbaro eletto tinentium nomina conscribere, eorumque patriarca d’Aquileia, opera molto utile a figuras lineamentis declarare nitebatur, sed pittori, a scultori et architetti, Venice 1569 morte praeventus tantum opus egregia quiand two unfinished works Danielis Barbari dem laude dignum absolvere nequivit, ob electi patriarchae Aquileiensis scenographia eamque rem imperfectus pariter remansit pictoribus et sculptoribus perutilis and De commentarius in Vitruvium. horologiis describendis libellus.

Bibil.: The most complete and recent d) Hizronymus CARDANUS

biography of Barbaro (on which the above Hieronymus Cardanus in his Liber de summary heavily depends) with detailed libris propriis, Lyon 1557, p. 27, #17, says and copious bibliography is the article by that he wrote a commentary on the first G. Alberigo in Dizionario biografico degli two books of Vitruvius, but then decided

Italiani, VI, Rome 1964, 89-95. to use the material in his De rerum varietate and De subtilitate: “Extant haec velut et 3. Lost or doubtful commentaries duo alia in primos Vitruvii De Architectura

quae sunt apud Ferrarium [Ludovico Fer-

a) BERNARDINUS OR GAUDENTIUS MERULA rari]. Destinaveram opus perficere sed com-

Both Iohannes Albertus Fabricius in his modius visum est ut res potius sectarer et Bibliotheca Latina sive notitia auctorum quae tractassem in libros De rerum varieveterum Latinorum, I, Venice 1728, 341 tate et De subtilitate traducerem.” And and Iohannes Poleni in his Evzercitationes again (p. 83): “Commentaria in VitruVitruvianae primae, Udine 1825, 40-41 vium. .. meliore, non maiore parte in libros mention a possible commentary of Bernar- De rerum varietate [transtulimus].” In his dinus or Gaudentius Merula of about 1543, Tabula generalis omnium librorum p. 80 $17 quoting Antonius Maioragius as attacking appears the “Commentariorum in Vitruvium Gaudentius Merula in his Apologia: “Sed libri duo folio. 30.” See also Fabricius (ibid.,

hoc apud te (Gaudentium Merulam allo- p. 340 and Poleni, ibid., pp. 63-64, who quitur) novum non est: in hac arte latro- however notes that there is no trace of Vitrucinandi vetus es ac nobilis gladiator ; nam vius’ work in the book De rerum varietate). et ea quae vir satis eruditus Bernardinus

Merula in Vitruvium commentatus erat, e) ANTONIUS LUPICINUS tibi adscripsisti, multisque nugis additis, Poleni (ibid., p. 78) mentions also a very

iactabas te iusta in Vitruvium commentaria doubtful commentary by Antonius Lupiconscripsisse.” It is not clear however cinus, who lived around 1560.

409

AESCHYLUS. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. by VERA R. LACHMANN (Brooklyn College)

and F. EDWARD CRANZ

The Addenda deal primarily with a new Vitodurani Helvetii. Anno

translation of Prometheus Vinctus. We are M.D. LXXXIIL

indebted to Dr. P. O. Kristeller for calling the There appears to be no further information

translation to our attention and to Dr. P. on the circumstances of the translation. Sulzer, Librarian at Winterthur, for sup- Argumentum. {Inc.] : (p.3) Prometheo vincto plying photos of the manuscript and also in Scythia, eo quod furatus esset ignem, erof local printed sources on Cellarius. A rans [o intelligit cum in Aegypto esset. . ./ few minor additions and corrections will be ...[Exapl.] sciendum vero quod non secunfound after the treatment of the Cellarius dum communem opinionem ait Prometheum

translation. vinctum fuisse in monte Caucaso, sed in partibus Europae Oceani, ut conjicere licet

V. 3a. JACoBUS CELLARIUS ab iis quae dicuntur ab Io.

Interlocutores huius Tragoediae.

A manuscript at Winterthur, Switzerland, xoatoc Potentia. Bia Vis Violentia micontains a Latin translation of the Prome- nistrae sunt Jovis.../.. .[Expl.]: Hine extheus Vinctus, through line 1039, written by cellentia fabulae huius: raro primi dii colJacobus Cellarius and apparently translated loquuntur cum hominibus. by him. The manuscript is autograph and Text. [Inc.] : (p.3) Pervenimus ad remotum

has the Greek original and the Latin transla- solum, locum ut campum terrae

tion on facing pages; the Greek text is In viam Scythicam in solitucomplete, and there are blank pages left dinem inaccessam

open for the unfinished Latin translation. is

The manuscript is made up to resemble a [Expl]: (p. 93, line 1037). .. Jubet namque

book ; on the title-page, after the title in te: pervicacia

Greek, weAeschyli read : Deposita, scruteris prudentem Poetae deliberationem.

Tragici Prometheus Vinctus Obtempera. Prudentem enim

Tragoedia turpe est delinquere. est. Winterthur, Stadtbibliothek, ms. Qu. 59, Scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim. cart. s. XVI (reported by Paul Oskar Principibus placuisse viris, non minima laus Manuscript:

Suum cuique pulchrum. Kristeller). Katalog der Buergerbibliothek

Tiguri in Winterthur (Winterthur, 1836) 252; Ka-

Scribebat Iacobus Cellarius Vitoduranus falog der Buergerbibliothek in Winterthur Anno salutis humanae M. D. L xxxiiii. (Winterthur, 1855) p. 127, The same MS. also contains the Ajax and the Biography : Electra of Sophocles in Greek ; at the bottom Jacobus Cellarius (Jakob Keller) flourish-

of the title-page we read: ed at Winterthur at the end of the sixteenth Tiguri ex officina century. He is not to be confused with two Calmographica Jacobi Cellarii contemporaries of the same name: 1. Jaco-

411

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

bus Cellarius, who was the great-grand- Stadtkirche Winterthur, If. Zeit der Reforfather of the historian Christophorus Cel- mation und Gegenreformation, (Winterthur, larius and who taught at Lauingen. 2. Ja- 1944) p. 53.

kob Keller, the Jesuit theologian and

polemicist. Jacobus Cellarius, the translator Addenda :

of Aeschylus, was ordained in 1588 and ae . , In theSfadidiakon third and second centuries B. C. year he was named at Winter, Aeschylus was known Latin tragethur after .previously serving as Pastortoatthe di While hi became a sub-deacon in 1595. In the same p. 6b, line at - After Triad, insert ;

Malans, and he was also appointed Preceptor sans Ne Be Was never as popmar as

os PP P Euripides, or even as Sophocles, adaptations

of the Boys’ School there. In 1600 Cellarius or translations of his plays were made both

became town-preacher at Winterthur but by Ennius and by Accius, though only

was deposed in 1603. He moved to Griisch, fragments survive (See Schanz-Hosius I, 89

and then in 1615 to Wilflingen. In 1624 and 133; the fragments are found in O.

he returned to Winterthur, and in 1625 he Ribbeck, Scaenicae Romanorum Poesis Fragwent to Seuznach. The date of his death is menta, 3rd ed., v. I (Leipzig, 1897).

not recorded in the printed sources. 10a line 46. Add:

No works are listed except the translation Fols. 96v-98v are blank. Fols. 99-108v

of Aeschylus. contain what appear to be additional notes

Bibl.: J. C. Troll, Geschichte Winterthurs, in preparation for a translation and com8 vols. (Winterthur, 1840-50), 30-31; Her- mentary (information supplied by Paul Osmann Walser, Geschichte der Laurenzen-oder kar Kristeller).

~ ARISTARCHUS SAMIUS. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA by F. EDWARD CRANZ and PAUL OSKAR KRISTELLER

Vol. I, 165b 32. COMMENTARY Manuscript:

Urbino, Biblioteca Universitaria, Fondo a. FEDERICUS COMMANDINUS.

comune, Nata 121, Muti! 80) nis Prtace to Alteranas ids es Kristeller and P. L. Rose. Misc. Several o )s ommmananus res On ae a fascicules and hands. state in which ne. founs me text - ans f. 400-405 contain a fragment of Aris- remedy ane explains what he had done to tarchus, De magnitudinibus et distantiis Verumenimvero male cum ipso [sc. Arissolis et lunae in the translation of and with tarcho] actum est. Vel enim temporum, the commentary of Commandinus. The vel librariorum, vel amborum potius iniuria fragment corresponds to the text of the et inscitia tam misere labefactus, turpiter1572 edition (CTC I, 165-6) fol. 2, line 20 que deformatus fuit (quod sane malum in

through fol. 9, line 4. omnes paulo vetustiores libros magno doc166a 3. To the list of editions add: 1699, torum incommodo et iactura latius serpOxoniae. In Johannes Wallis, Opera mathe- sit) ut mihi nunc, qui eius ulcera sanavi,

matica, Vol. ITI, 569-94. maculasque abstersi, et meis in ipsum con-

166b. Add: —- scriptis commentariis exornavi, studii for-

412

GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS

tasse et vigilantiae non minus fuerit po- Et anguli qui ad CG recti. Ex 34 primi nendum in hoc opere quam ipse ab initio Eucl. parallelogrammorum enim locorum

posuerit Aristarchus. anguli, qui ex opposito, aequales sunt.../... Hunc igitur mea industria in pristinum [Expl]. Ex oI nan cm - v0 (Pro.

nitorem restitutum, et perpolitum, una cum pr op orfionem avedil quam . a (E FOPappi Alexandrini explicationibus quibus- positio XVII). . . ex aequali C ad B minoa PP b tui illustrissim ‘nis tutela et rem habebit proportionem, quam 3 ad am, sul ui illus rissimi nominis utela e 19, hoc est quam 60 and 10.

patrocinio in lucem prodire volui... 50.

In his edition Commandinus prints a - Manuscript :

number of his own short comments, and it is See above, at beginning of Addenda et

probably to these, rather than to a full Corrigenda. commentary, that he refers in the Preface. Editions :

Commentary (ed. 1572). Quod faciet sec- See Vol. I, 165-66 and Addenda et Corritiones in sphaeris maximos circulos (Propo- genda to 166a 3. sitio I). Ex primam (sic) propositione sphae- Biography :

ricorum Theodosii. See Vol. I, 166. :

AUTOLYCUS. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA , by PAUL OSKAR KRISTELLER

vol. I, p. 171, line 12, Add: 185v. Autolycus, De sphaera mota, tr. Madrid, Academia de la Historia, ms. Maurolycus, with preface to Octavius SpiCortes 675 (now 2787), s. XVI, fols. 183- nola. GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA by SISTER AGNES CLARE WAY, C. D. P.

\(Our Lady of the Lake University) ,

The Addenda consist of a number of new I.5 1540 (1) Edition and Derivatives translations and the identification of a trans- vol. II, page 54a Delete : lines 40-43.

lator listed as anonymous in the original page 54a, line 44. Read : 1547 (2).

article. I am indebted to Paul Oskar Kristel- wg: .

. ; vol. II, page 55b,1547, after line 4. . -The og. . Add :(*) Basileae . (Basel) : apud A. et. addenda and corrigenda are arranged

ler for informing me of some of the new 16 1540 (2) Edition and Reprints translations as well as for procuring for me microfilms or xerox copies of them.

. ; , A. Frobenium (in

in the order ofin theCTC article II, on Gregorius Basilii MagniOP opera zianzenus 43-192.Namah Magn! omnia, with other

I.1 1512 Edition and Reprint translators). Hoffvol. II p. 53a, line 38. Read : 38 mann BL. 1.443;

p. 186b, line 14. Insert: Rh. Graesse I. 306.

Notice of this error and omission was given Reprint of precedby K. Krautter in his review in Gnomon XLV ing edition.

(1973) 188. page 55b, line 9. Read: eighty letters. 413

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

IIl.2 Kyrracus ANCONITANUS horti, pyramides, templum, simulacrum, sepulchrum.

The title of Kyriacus’ translation of the These wonders seem to be a brief listing Seven Wonders of the World is written in of those of Philo of Byzantium. Philo his own handwriting in his dedication: Ex named as the seven wonders of the world: Gregorio Nazianzeno Theologo De septem the hanging gardens of Babylon, the pyramundi spectaculis Kyriaci Anconitani brevis mids of Memphis, the statue of the Olympian

in Latinum expositio ad R. P. D. Petrum Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the walls of Donatum episcopum Patavine Urbis. This Babylon, the temple of Diana at Ephesus, form was copied in practically all of the and the tomb of Mausolus. In his version later dedications. In five of the manuscripts Kyriacus names as the seven wonders: of his Latin text, including the one in his Thebes of Egypt, the walls of Babylon, the own handwriting, there is a Greek version tomb of Mausolus, the pyramids, the Colos-

of which the Latin is almost a verbatim sus of Rhodes, the Capitol of Rome, the translation ; however this Greek version is temple of Hadrian in Cyzicus.

not found in any collection of Gregory’s Despite the fact that Gregory made no

works. J. Morelli, Bibliotheca manuscripta mention of which temple or statues he had graeca et latina, p. 391, gives a complete in mind, Kyriacus seems to have thought copy of the Greek and Latin versions of the that the wonders as stated in the anonymous

manuscript of Kyriacus on the seven won- text were those that Gregory had written. ders ; he adds the two verses of the epigram However, in the epigram Gregory did not of Gregory Nazianzen in Greek, and he name the Egyptian Thebes, while Kyriacus comments, “Ex eo Cyriacus hausit, eandem- did not include the hanging gardens of que spectaculorum descriptionem Latinam Babylon. Moreover, being a Greek, Gregory ad Fridericum Contarenum et Joannem Cor- would most probably prefer the statue of the

nelium patricios Venetos misit.” Henri Olympian Zeus of Phidias, and not the

Omont, “Les sept merveilles du monde au Capitollum of Rome. Even Kyriacus, almoyen Age,” Bibl. de I’ Ecole des Chartes though he lists as the seventh wonder 43. 41-59, gives seven versions of the seven “Septimum vero celeberrimum illud_ in wonders of the world, the first five in Latin, Cyzico Hadriani delubrum,” adds _ afterthe last two in Greek. The fourth version wards “Ego praecellentissimum illud Dianae has the title : Ex Gregorio Nazianzeno theo- Ephesiae templum a Gregorio hac in parte logo de VII mundi spectaculis Kyriaci An- praetermissum esse miror.” But Gregory,

conitani brevis in latinum expositio ad because he was a Greek, most assuredly

R. P. D. Petrum Donatum epicopum Pata- would have meant the Temple of Diana at vine urbis. Number VI, the first of the Greek Ephesus, as Philo did. From these facts I

versions, which has the title JZEPI TQN conclude that Kyriacus, on the basis of EINTTA OEAMATQN and which makes no these two lines, translated the anonymous mention of the author seems to be the Greek De septem mundi spectaculis, perhaps believversion (it is similar to those in the manu- ing it to be the work of Gregory, and called scripts) translated by Kyriacus into Latin. it Ex Gregorio Nazianzeno de septem mundi

In fact, Omont in a note at the end of spectaculis Kyriact Anconitani brevis in

Kyriacus’ version writes: Voy. Nicetas et latinum expositio. As a consequence, the

l’anonyme xegi thy Enta Oeaudtor, presque De septem mundi spectaculis, as translated littéralement traduit par Ciriaco. The two- by Kyriacus Anconitanus must be considered line epigram of Gregory (Migne 38, Sec. another’s work, not Gregory’s, and as such 2.2.00) is a simple enumeration of the seven should be marked with a star in the Table

wonders; a literal translation made by of Translations. Ludovicus Antonius Muratorius in 1709, This investigation was prompted by an

reads : inquiry from Rev. E. W. Bodnar, S. J., the Septem in orbe sunt mira, moenia, author of Cyriacus of Ancona and Athens,

. . .§imulacrum, Brussels, 1960, who asked where he would 414

GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS

find this poem in the works of Gregory Na- II.6 Aldus Manutius. zianzen. He was not satisfied that the

epigram was the poem translated by Kyria- Vol. II, page 67a, line 12. Add: cus, since several manuscripts, in which are (reported by P. O. Kristeller, photo supplied

found the Latin translation of Kyriacus, by Dr. J. P. Bodmer) Zurich, Zentralbibcontain a Greek version of which the Latin liothek, ms. D. 218: Ss. XVI-XVH, MISC., version of Kyriacus is an almost literal fol. 125-28. Ex Gregorii Nazianzenl carmin-

translation. ibus, in Greek Handschr. and Latin. (Katalog der der Zentralbibliothek, E. GagliThe following information was furnished ardi and L. Forrer, fasc. 2, col. 442-443.

to me by P. O. Kristeller: A Latin translation of ten poems of

Vol. Il, page 61b, Manuscripts. Add: Gregory Nanzianzen is found on folios 125Como, Bibl. Comunale Ms. 3.2.45: s. XVI, 28 of this manuscript. No translator is cart. misc. Folios not numbered. At the mentioned. 0 f the t en only one is a complete beginning, a preface of Kyriacus Anconita- poem; mane six ‘hwo ¢ The ener me nus to Eugene IV. Then: Ex Gregorio ane EXCEEPES: OF vom tw 0 Fo nineteen anes.

Nazanzeno de VII mundi spectaculis The poems are given in the Greek version Kyriaci Anconitani brevissima in Jatinum prove to be excerpts from the translation

nee . followed by the Latin translation. They all

expositio ad To. Fred. F. Cornelium. This is of Aldus Manutius.

not listed in * Mazzatinti or in Kristeller, Translation of excerpt 1 (11.1.45, lines

Iter Italicum. 183-186). [Inc.] : Carnem accipiens, crucique impactus, figensque nigrum Figmenti erro-

page 63b, Bibl. Add : rem, et beliae victoriam,...[Expl.] : Ut rege-

Ludwig Bertalot and Augusto Campana, niti et e sepulchro exilientes | Christo cum “Gli scritti di Jacopo Zeno e il suo elogio di magno gloriam habeamus superius. Ciriaco d’Ancona,” La Bibliofilia 41, 1939, Translation of excerpt 2 (1.1.43, lines 30356-376. This article is now being reprinted 31). Christe Rex, tu vero mihi patria,robur,

as follows: Ludwig Bertalot, Studien zum opes, omnia. Tibi vero utique recreem italienischen und deutschen Humanismus, vitam, et dolores permutans. ed. P. O. Kristeller, vol. 2, Rome, Edizioni Translation of excerpt 3 (1.11.15, lines 147-

di Storia Letferatura, p. 311-332. 154). [nc.] : Ast ego Christum apprehendens, nungquam desinam A vinculis huius vitae

Information of the following errors was solutus terrestris... .[Exzpl.]: Ut fontis flu-

furnished by Rev. E. W. Bodnar, S. J.: xus est cursorius, ardens autem Ignis Vol. II, page 62a, line 28. Read: viam unam novit immutabilem, salit supra. pp. 344-345. line 29. Translation of excerpt 4 (1.11.17, lines 3-8).

Insert: (after ver- [Inc.|]: Beatus qui multis admixtus, non in

sions) of De Septem multis Volutatur, sed Deo misit totum cor....

Mundi Spectaculis. [Expi.]: Beatus, qui puris suis facultatibus page 63a, lines 39-40. Delete: where he imperitans, Manun: Dei fert indigentibus. obtained many ma- Translation of excerpt 5 (I1.1.55, lines 11

nuscripts. and 12) : Crucem mei membris feram, crucem Jine 44. Add: In his travels autem cessui Crucem corde, Crux mihi

he collected, in gloria.

addition to _ in- Translation of excerpt 6 (II.1.49, lines 7scriptions, many 8): Sed me solve, rex, solve terrestribus a Greek manuscripts. vinculis, Et me chorum statuas in coelestem. Translation of Poem 7 (11.1.81). [Inc.] : Ani-

Il.5 JoANNES FRANCISCUS BRIXIANUS me aspice sursum, terrestrium autem obliviscereomnium, Nequete vincat, ad malitiam

vol. II, page 65a, line 44. Read: actutum. corpus....[Expl.]: Solius autem vitae purae A415

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

vita firma est semper, Et multa, quam the entire collection of Benessa’s Carmina,

vivere est melius. not specifically to the translations. The Translation of excerpt 8 (II.11.1, lines 320- epilogue indicates, however, that the author 322) : Ultimum sane verbum loquar infirmus, intended the entire collection to be printed.

Ovili nostro parce, parce ovili Ovili nostro, Translation of Carmen I1.1.34, In_ si-

cui sane timeo. lentium ieiunii. Damiano Benesse translata. Translation of excerpt 9 (1.1.36, lines 1-2, [Inc.] : (p. 297) Lingua tace et mutas dis19-32). [Inc.] : Christe rex, qui omnia existis tinguat charta loquelas,

tuis hominibus Bona, et in omnibus via rec- Percurrantque oculi corde notata mei. ta constas,. . .[Ezpl.] : Tibi tollam pedis ves- Distringor Christi mortali quando dolore

tigium, quoniam tu me manu tegis. Sed me Utque obeam vitae mystica sacra fero etiam nunc agas ad bonam finem itineris. sees

Translation of excerpt 10 (11.1.38, lines 39- [Expl]: (p. 305) Fac ubi perpetuo referam

48) [Inc.] : Hodie ex mortuis Christus magnus, tibi carmina cantu

quibus mistus est, Expergefactus est, et Alituum (sic, for alitum) aeternis

mortis aculeum dissipavit. .. .[Ezpl.]: Ho- aggreger ipse choris

die splendens te magnus chorus circum oblec- Interea sine voce manus cape dona tatur Angelicus, canens hymnum coronalem. loquentis. Contents : The poem and excerpts contain- Arguta haec tacitis sint monumenta notis. ed in this manuscript are from: Poems

111.45, 11.143, L1115, L117, 111.55, Manuscripts (reported by P. O. Kris1.1.49, IJ.1.81 (complete poem), II.II.1, teller) : 1.1.36, II.1.38, arranged in their order in Dubrovnik, Biblioteka Samostana Male

the manuscript. Braée (Franciscan Library), ms. 78, misc., s. XVI (autograph), pp. 297-305. Cf. M. Brlek,

II.7a Damianus Benessa Rukopisi KnjizZnice Male Braée u Dubro-

vniku I (Zagreb, 1952), pp. 88-89. Biblio-

A Latin translation of the poem In si- teca di Fra Innocenzo Ciulich nella Libreria lentium ieiunii (11.1.34) was found by P. O. de’ RR. PP. Francescani di Ragusa (Zara, Kristeller in two mss., one of them auto- 1860), p. 110, no. 276. graph, among the Latin poems of Damianus —, ms. 256, misc. s. XIX, pp. 587-594. Benessa. The translation is preceded in ms. Cf. Brlek, pp. 260-262. Biblioteca di Fra 78 by the Greek text of Gregorius (p. 290- Innocenzo Ciulich, p. 111, no. 278. 97). Before this text there is the following Biography : preface (p. 290): Et quia eiusdem et prae- Damianus Benessa (Benessius, Damjan Beceptionis et studii est ad parandam et locu- neSa or BeneSi¢, a humanist and Latin poet, pletandam orationem de Graecis Latina from Dubrovnik (Ragusa), born about 1476, facere, visum est cum superioribus simul d. 1539 (or 1540). He studied in the humahic ponere, quam de Gregorio Nazianzeno nistic gymnasium at Dubrovnik and perhaps traduximus elegiam (7?) quare et Graecam elsewhere ; among his teachers was the habebis et nostram Latinam. This preface humanist and poet TIlija Crijevi¢ (Aelius indicates that the translation of Gregorius Lampridius Cervinus). He was probably from the Greek was meant to be a rhetorical in Florence around 1499, and surely in exercise, aS are the preceding verse para- Lyons around 1513-1514 where he was phrases of Baptista Mantuanus (264-85, with active as a merchant. He held many ima preface on p. 263) and of Tibullus and portant offices in the Republic of Ragusa, Martial (285-290, with a preface on p. 285). was a member of its Senate and governing The translation of Gregorius was evidently councils (Consilium Maius, Consilium Midedicated to the same Bartulinus to whom nus, and Consilium Rogatorum), and served

the two preceding prefaces are addressed. three times as Rector of the Republic.

An epilogue following the Gregorius transla- Three of his epigrams are printed with tion in the manuscript (p. 305-08) refers to Georgius Benignus, De natura angelica 416

GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS

(Florence, 1499, GW 3843). He also edited 208) : s. XVI, mbr., 35 ff. (Cf. Inventario VIII, Silius Italicus, with a preface and epilogue pp. 135-136). Franc. (Falesius) a Burgundia.

to Giovanni Battista Soderini (Lyons, Bar- It contains his epistola congratulatoria ad tholomaeus Troth, 1514, a few copies principem Hispanum Philippum (ff. 1¥-24) ; reportedly are dated 1513 ; cf. Baudrier VIII carmina, including one to the same, an elegy

425-427 ; A. A. Renouard, Annales de l’im- on Erasmus, and an epitaph of Vives. Cf. primerie des Alde, 3rd ed., 1834, p. 313, J. Lopez de Toro, “Francisco de Borgona, no. 44). A few more Latin poems were compilador de Calvete de Estrella,” Hispania

recently published in Hrvatski Latinisti I IV (1944) 383-487, in which he discusses and (Zagreb, 1969), 521-541. His epic poem De gives the text of all of these works. morte Christi, in 10 books, survives in ms. 4

of the Public Library in Dubrovnik, and a II.33d Franciscus FABRICIUS

large collection of his shorter poems in ms. ;

78 of the Franciscan Library in the same vol. II, page 110a, line 20. Read: Hoefer.

city, both of them autograph. Ms. 256 of the

Franciscan Library is , nineteenth-century HIL1 ANonymus A

copy of both mss. The collection in ms. 78 vol. II, page 111b, line 41. Read: Chartes. includes some Greek poems, and some Latin Attention to this error called by review of versions from the Greek Anthology as well Blanche B. Boyer, Renaissance Quarterly,

as one from Gregorius Nazianzenus. XXVI (1973), 182. Bibl.: F. M. Appendini, Notizie istorico-

critiche sulle antichitad storia e letteratura de’ IIL 2 ANonymus F

Ragusei II (Ragusa, 1803) pp. 132-33; Cosenza I, 512; S. Dolci, Fasti Litterario- Recently a manuscript was described by Ragusini (Venice, 1767) 16-17; Enciklope- Mile. Elisabeth Pellegrin for P. O. Kristeller

dija Jugoslavije I (Zagreb, 1955) p. 434; in the Bibliothéque Nationale which conEnciklopedija Leksikografskog Zavoda I (Za- tains five letters of Gregory Nazianzen, greb, 1966) p. 356; L. Ferrari, Onomasticon Letters 152, 121, 139, 183, and 77, translated

p. 95; S. Gliubich, Dizionario Biografico from the Greek into Latin. The manuscript degli Uomini Illustri della Dalmazia (Vien- belongs to the 1xth or xth century and na and Zara, 1856) p. 27 ; Hravatski Latinis- furnishes no indication of the translator. ti, Croatici Auctores qui Latine scripserunt The first four of the letters in the same I (Zagreb, 1969) 515-19; D. Kérbler, Rad translation are described in CTC II, p. 111-112 Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetno- art. III. 2, Anonymus F, as contained in a sti 206 (1915) 218-252 at 226-227 and 239-52 ; Vatican manuscript. There is also mention M. Panti¢, “Damjan BeneSi¢,” in : Leksikon of a Gottweig manuscript which contains

pisaca Jugoslavije A-Dz (Novi Sad, 1972) Letter 152 and the first sentence followed 208-09. (I am grateful to P. O. Kristeller by a later excerpt from Letter 77. for his generous assistance in the preparation Translation of Letter 77. Eiusdem Sancti of this note on Benessa’s translation. I Gregorii ad eundem venerabilem Theodorum am also grateful for bibliographical informa- Mopsuestinum Episcopum. [JInc.]: (f. 1219)

tion on Benessa to Father Marijo Sikié, Per omnia reverendo et dei amatori fratri O. F. M. and to Professor Mato Bete, both et co-episcopo Theodoro Gregorius in do-

of Dubrovnik). mino salutem. Audio te graviter ferre a monachis nobis et pauperibus factas iniuIT 23 Farestus Franciscus de BurGunpiA rias, et mirum nihil cum necdum plagatus sis A manuscript recently noticed by P. O. et nostrorum malorum in experimento non Kristeller contains further information about veniris (sic, for veneris ?)...[ Expl] : indulgeat

Falesius Franciscus de Burgundia. This deus quae in nobis excessit.

information he forwarded to me. Manuscript:

vol. II, p. 94a, Works, line 32. Add : Madrid, (information from Elisabeth Pellegrin Biblioteca Nacional, cod. 2630 (formerly M through P. O. Kristeller) Paris, BN Lat. 417

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

12098: s. IX or X, ff. 120°-122V. Ff. 120°- 10 and 11, is written, “Oecolampadio inter120%, Ep. 152; f. 120%, Ep. 121; f. 120Vv- prete / in gratiam studiosorum.” On fol. 1¥ 1217, Ep. 139; ff. 1217-121’, Ep. 183; ff. the first line seems to be, “Invitat Gregorium

1219-122’, Ep. 77. Nazianzenum ———————- mum theologo sed

Since the incipit and explicit of Letter 77 illo...” Line 5 ends, “fuit familiarissimus is not given among Billius’ translations in Basilius ——~-.” On line 6, in large letters is

Vol. II, I shall insert it here for a compari- written the single word, “Argumentum.”

son with Anon. F. Lines 7-14 inc.: “Institutio vite monastice. Translation of Letter 77 (Billius transla- Et videmus nostros monachos omnino detion). [Znc.]: Audio te contumelias eas, quas generare ab iis Basilii}—— .. .[Expl.]: Monachi ac pauperes nobis intulerunt, gra- dicit dfawacdy distare aliis monachis. viter molesteque ferre. Nec vero mirum est, On the following line, without further te qui nullum adhuc vulnus accepisti, nec introduction, he begins Letter 2 of Basil calamitatum nostrarum periculum fecis- to Gregory. Since this is St. Basil’s famous

ti. ..fExpl.]: multo velim tibi gravius vi- letter to St. Gregory, asking Gregory to

deatur, nos haec tibi suadentes minime exau- join him in the monastic life and describing

diri. Pulchro autem Plutoni utinam Deus the life that he was living there on the Ponea quae in nos contumeliose perpetravit tus, it seems evident that the explanation

condonet. and the argumentum on page 1VY belong to

Besides the anonymous translation of Basil’s letter. The second letter of those that these letters only the 1583 translation of follow this, on fol. 17°, is among Basil’s Letter 77 and of Letter 152 of Jacobus Bil- letters as number 47 (according to Migne) lius and the slightly late 1609 translation of and is also found as number 42 among Letters 121, 139, and 183 of Federicus Morel- Gregory’s letters. It is now generally as-

lus have been found. With the exception signed by scholars to the elder Gregory, as of Letter 77 of Billius’ translation, which written for him by his son, the more famous was copied almost verbatim in the Migne Gregorius Nazianzenus, to Eusebius of

edition, the remaining four letters were Samosata, on the death of Eusebius of more or less revised by the Benedictine Caesarea, asking his assistance for the

editors and are so found in the Migne edi- consecration of Basil as Archbishop of Caesation. rea. Since Eusebiuswhen died in the year 370 both Basil and Gregory were barely IIl.6a JOANNES OECOLAMPADIUS forty years of age, and since in it the author

says, “And this [I ask you to come] not A manuscript of 78 folios in the Zentral- only to comfort my old age. . .” neither could

bibliothek of Zurich, Cod. D 210, which have been the author of the letter. contains works of Gregorius Nazianzenus The manuscript contains twelve letters was seen by P. O. Kristeller, to whom I am assigned to Basil the Great and Letters 42, indebted for a microfilm of it. However, 114, 91, 186, 172, 120, 60, 1, 4, 5, assigned it was too Jate to be included in volume 2. to Gregory Nazianzen. The manuscript is very difficult to decipher Translation of Ep. 42, [Eusebio] (Arguand the title on the first page is entirely mentum, f. 17°). Deplorat mortem Eusebii misleading. At the top of fol. 1° there is a Episcopi et Ieronimum (?) vocat ad ordinasingle indecipherable word. Lines 2-5 read: tionem alterius Episcopi. [Jnc.] : (Epistola) ‘“___._____avos (first letters blotted out), Quis dabit mihi alas quasi columbae? Vel sine auxilio, calvus, inopinabilis, immensus, quomodo renovabitur mea senectus, ita ut fsine} remedio, difficilis, imp ———— bilis, ego valeam, et possim transire ad vestram sine pugna, dzogos.” About two inches charitatem? Et hoc desiderium requiescat lower, lines 6-8, there is a title in large and quod habeo erga vos.. .[Expl.]: (f. 18%) heavy lettering, ‘“Gregorius Nazianzenus / Caeterum obsecro et iterum et saepius de / reconciliatione Monachorum.” Again, omnem ignaviam seponentes vel suspendenafter a space of about two inches, on lines tes vel, abiecta omni mora, occurrere ac 418

GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS

praeoccupetis difficultates et difficilia ex mus. [Expl.]: (f. 43%) et inde dededimus

hyeme. (sic cod.) quem spiritus sanctus demonTranslation of Ep. 114, Keleusio, principi straverit et facientes opus bonum et ope-

(Argumentum, f. 36°, lines 18-19): Narrat rantes ac, ut sic dicam, dignum paternis | Persiam fabellam et ————. [Jnc.]: (Ep. benedictionibus.

114, f. 36%, lines 1-7) Quando quidem si- Translation of Ep. 60, | Basilio] (Argulentium improperas mihi ac rusticitatem, mentum, f. 48’) Excusat se quare non veneo bone et civilis vir et urbane, age utique, rit nempe impetitus per aegritudinem manarrabo si (?) tibi fabulam non illiteratam tris. [Zne.] : (Epistola) Preceptum et imposiet indoctam.. .[Exzpl.]: (f. 38%, lines 17-21) tum tibi implere est quidem in nobis ex Vel dicam tibi parabolam maxime quidem parte ; partim autem, et opinior (sic), maveram, maxime autem brevem, Cygni quod xima, est in tua pietate ; in nobis quidem est

tunc cantabunt, quando graculi tacebunt. impetus et alacritas....[Expl.]: (f. 49%) Translation of Ep. 91, Nectario (Argumen- iuva aegram illam ad bonam valetudinem

tum, f. 38’, line 3): De suo otio scribit. precibus tuis ; succurre nos ad viam. [Inc.] : (Ep.) Tamen res nostrae habent sicut Translation of Ep. 1, [Basilto]: (f. 49%) habent et consedimus sine bello et negotiis Eiusdem argumenti. [Znc.]: (Epistola) Faappreciantes prae omnibus sine periculo ho- teor fefelli promissionem esse tecum et norem silentii et aliquid. . .[Ezpl.]: (f. 39%) affore tibi et simul philosophari in hoc Mens autem eius est dicere otium exercitui quod partim et sicut confessum est ex aminudum gquoniam nulla vita absque violen- citia.. .[Expl.]:(f. 50°) Ut = sint omnia

tia a malis et ipse nosti et scis. communia ac ut sit ipsa amicitia eijusdem

Translation of Ep. 186, |Nectario] (Argu- honoris et paris (50%) sic et existet et fumentum, f. 40°): Commendat illi viro rem turum est et erit ac hoc non contristari et suam et filios fratres. [Inc.] : (Epistola) Quid non offendere illos (parentes) et compotes fecisses si ipse praesens habuissem negotia tui fieri, et aderimus tibi.

et noveris manifestum? Posuisses omne Translation of Ep. 4, [Basilio]: (f. 50Y,

studium ut liberum me faceres a vi et ty- title only, T@ peydAw. Rest of page and f. rannide. .. .[Expl.]: (f. 417) Ut ne laboret 51° blank. Translation starts only on 51’, diu et fatigetur longe curis ac illis a multi- which in the Caillau edition is line 11 of the faria afflictione. Quamvis maxime sciam letter) [Inc.]: (f. 51%) Si quid ego intelligo et manifeste quia tua pietas etiam alienam te quemadmodum ii qui rostra, et opercula,

faciet sibi propriam. et superiores partes vasorum ut aliunde at-

Translation of Ep. 172, Helladio (Argu- trahant, talia nobis semper tua verba M(agne) mentum, f. 41%) [Jne.]: (Epistola) Gavisus videntur esse. Porro ego admiror tuum Ponsum et oblectatus literis et scriptis, quo- tum....[E2zpl.]: (fol. 55%) tu autem siquidem modo non futurus eram quidem, oblectatus tuleris mediocriter et modeste correptionem eram in eo quod tibi memoria fuerit etiam istam et eruditionem recte facies. Si autem mortuorum. . .[Expl.]: (£. 42°) si autem non, non, ac plura adiciemus et apponemus.

te transferre ad ea quae illic, et veram Translation of Ep. 5, [Basilio]: (f. 55%) festi(vi)tatem accipere et videre. Ibi lae- Eiusdem argumenti Epistola illa. [Znc.]:

tantium omnium habitatio. Satiati sumus (f. 567) Quoniam feres modeste eruditionem,

vicissitudinibus vitae. ex iis et reliqua adiciemus, initium autem

Translation of Ep. 120, |Helladio] (Ar- sit ex Homero “porro et igitur ingredere ac gumentum, f. 42°) De ratione paschae ali- canta internum cultum.” (Because of the qua dicit, fortassis alludit ad illa quae ille similarity of this sentence to the last one of scripsit, quasi de vita sua ad aliam vitam the preceding letter, the Benedictine editors transierit. [Znc.]: (Epistola) Edocti horum believed that it was a continuation of the videre ea quae sperantur a longe (utar enim preceding letter)...[Exzpl.]: (f. 57%) nos tuo prohemio) letamur eis in litteris quae etiam plura praeteribimus ob reverentiam praesentia sunt. Scio etenim sanctum diem aliorum plurimam quibus pluribus festi (?) paschae in quem occurrimus et perveni- sumus et usi et in... habemus. 419

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

Manuscript : (microfilm furnished by Dr. J. IV.1 TyRANNIUS RUFINUS P. Bodmer through P. O. Kristeller) Zuerich,

Zentralbibl. Ms. D 210 : 78 fols. (Cf. Gagliardi, Four additional manuscripts containing

p. 441). orations of Gregory Nazianzen translated by Biography : Tyrannius Rufinus were reported by P. O.

See vol. II, p. 69. Kristeller. vol. II, p. 133b, after line 29 add : Genéve-Cologny, Bodmeriana [Ms. s.n.,

IIL.7 Wo.treangus MuscuLus s. XII, mbr. Contains the Prologue and

three pages of Oration 2. The first seven vol. II, page 117a,line 41. Read: 3.775. words of the Oration are missing. The wellline 45. Read : pp. 176-186. known prologue of Rufinus, inc. Proficiscenti mihi ex urbe, is here attributed to the

III.10b JacosBus BILLIvs Blessed Jerome Presbyter.

Hildesheim, Dombibliothek 658, s. XIIvol. II, page 120b, line 33. Read : Theodorum. XIV, misc., mbr., ff. 139'-162Y. Contains: f. 139°, Prologus Rufini ; ff. 139¥-150Y, Orat.

Ill 19a ANonyvmus M 2, Apologeticus; ff. 150¥-154", Orat. 38, In nativitatem Christi; ff. 154°-157F, Orat.

A Latin translation of Epistola 130, 39, In sancta lumina; ff. 157%-161% and Procopio, of Gregory Nazianzen was found 162°-162’, De fide and De fide Nicaena. A in a miscellaneous manuscript of the Stadt- fragment of In Pentecosten, Orat. 41, was bibliothek of Nuernberg, with no mention listed on folio 162 but could not be found. of the translator and with no other works of This part of the manuscript should be dated

Gregory. The manuscript contains letters to the thirteenth century. and short articles by Melanchthon, Luther, Paris, BN Lat. 17401, s. XII, mbr., misc., Caspar Cruciger, Martin Bucer, Justus Jo- 82 folios. Damaged. Contains: f. 49¥-50, nas, and Veit Dietrich. The letter was Prologus de Apologetico beati Gregorii Na-

preceded by works of Luther. Professor zanzeni (sic); ff. 50-82, Orat. 2, ApoloKristeller, who saw the manuscript and geticus. found the letter in it, would suggest Melanch- Paris, BN Lat. 16835, s. XIII, mbr.,

thon as the probable translator. misc., 2 coll. Contains f.111, Sermo 38,

Translationof Letter 130, Procopio. [Ine.] : Gregorii Nazanzeni (sic) De theophania do(Exemplum epistolae Nazanzeni (sic) quo mini ;f.113’,Sermo 39 eiusdem, De baptismo (sic) evocatus ad Synodum negat se ventu- Christi. (All information on these was given

rum esse quia nullius synodi exitum bo- by P. O. Kristeller) num viderit) Siquidem dicendum est quod (*) Florence, Laur. Ashburnham 990 res est, vere hoc scribere possum omnes (921), s. XV. It contains Oratt. 2, 38, 39, Episcoporum synodos fugiendas esse, quia 41, 26, 6, 16. (Kristeller, Jter I, 92).

nullius synodi exitum vidi utilem....

[Expl]: Ideo velim mihi ignoscas et pien- IV.18a ABRAHAM MuScULUS

tissimo Imperatori me excuses ne imbecilli-

tatem meam interpretetur desidiam esse. A Latin translation of Gregory NazianNeque enim ignorat se mihi petenti propter zen’s Oration 38, De nativitate salvatoris, illam caussam prae alio beneficio concessisse made by Abraham Musculus as a New Year’s

ut in secessum commigrarem. present for his distinguished father, Wolf-

Manuscript: gangus Musculus, was found in, the Stadt-

(information and photo furnished by the Li- bibliothek at Zofingen, Switzerland, by P. O.

brary through P. O. Kristeller) Nuernberg, Kristeller, who furnished me with a xerox Stadtb. Solger Ms. 70, 2°: s. XVI, f. 45V. copy sent to him by the librarian, Mr. M. E. Letter 130 was also translated by Janus Lehmann. The manuscript contains 233 Cornarius, Wolfgangus Musculus, and Ja- items. This text consists of items 227, the

cobus Billius. preface (two pages), and 228, the translation 420

GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS

(twelve pages). The translation was finished (sic) ta pabyuata, xat moveo@y omepudt ov on December 27, 1553 (see below, Dedicatory moveoa Ta yewoyta. .. [Expl]: Hoc... bo-

preface). no paternoque erga me animo suscipe atque

Dedicatory preface. Insigni tum eruditione quae errata sunt benigniter corrige. Vale tum pietate claro viro D. Wolfgango Mus- Optime cum matre chariss. totaque familia, culo, Theologiae sacrae in schola Bernensi pater observandissime : Datae Basileae. 27. professori celeberrimo, patri suo observan- Decemb. Anno a Christo nato 1553. dissimo Abrahamus filius S. D. [Jne.]: Si Greg. Nazianz. Orationem Latine versam Gregorii Nazianzeni, summi Theologi, lau- Patri pro strena mittit. (This title is by a

des et encomia, observandissime parens, later hana). longa apud te oratione dicere proposuis- Translation of Oration 38, Gregortt Na-

sem, merito summae audaciae atque immo- zianzent theologi oratio in festum manifesdestiae vitium incurrere fuissem, eo quod tationis divinae sive nativitatis Salvatoris. sus (ut proverbio dici consultum est) Mi- [Zne.]: Christus nascitur, gloria eum affinervam docere instituat. Mihi enim qui in cite ; Christus ex coelis descendit, obviam illi illius sanctissimi viri scriptis nunquam ante- ite ; Christus in terram venit, exaltate eum. hac versatus sum, nequaquam convenit te, Cantet Domino omnis terra, et ut omnia qui in assidua eius autoris lectione fere summatim dicam, laetentur coeli, et exulconsenuisti, de eruditione et pietate summa, tet terra,...[Expl.]: qui in trinitate adoraqua clarissimus ille vir preditus fuit, monere. tur, atque glorificatur, quem etiam nunc .. . Duae vero potissimum sunt causae quae nobis illustrari optamus, quatenus illis qui me ut hoc negotium susciperem impulerunt, carne vincti sunt, facultas datur, in Christo quarum prima est, quia hunc nobis clarissi- Jesu Domino nostro cui sit gloria in secula.

mum nativitatis Christi diem illucescit Amen. T@ 6e6 doga. denuo ; nos etiam, ut pura mente eum as- Manuscript: (Information and _ photo picere possimus, sua gratia Deus optimus, furnished by P. O. Kristeller) Zofingen,

Maximus (sic) sustentare dignatus est, in Stadtbibliothek Pa 14/1, s. XVI, misc., nos. quo Dominus noster Jesus Christus, im- 227 and 228. mensa sua piharbowsia ductus, in mundum Biography : hunc nostra carne indutus venit, quo nos Abraham Musculus (Meuslin, Méauszlin, satanae laqueis vinctos suo sanguine redi- Moesel, Miisli, Miissli, Meusel), the son

meret, atque patri ob peccata irato recon- of Wolfgangus Musculus, was born in ciliaret per suam obedientiam. Ob quam 1534 and died in 1591. He entered the ineffabilem benevolentiam decet nos, ut service of the Church and was a preacher, per totam nostram vitam ipsi immortales a- first at Thun, later in Bern, and in 1586, genteis (sic) gratias de ipsius évavOowmnijoss was appointed the head Dean of the clergy

(sic?) assidue cogitemus atque meditemur. of Bern. He is the author of a valuable

Cum igitur in hanc orationem Nazianzeni Chronicle of his time, and was much esteemChristi maximum beneficium diligenter enar- ed by Theodore Beza, who considered him a rantem for[te] fortuna incidissem, opere pre- worthy son of his great father. The life of tium iudicavi ut exertitii (sic) gratia Graeca his father, Wolfgangus Musculus, written

latinis mutarem.... Multo autem studiis by Abraham, was edited and published by

meis commodius esse iudicavi in illis rebus his son in 1595 at Basel in the Synopsis fesexerceri quae non tantum ad eruditionem tivalium concionum of W. M. Dusanus.

parandam, sed etiam pietatem conservan- Bibl.: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie,

dam augendamque momentum haud con- XX II1I(1886) 97 ; Hoefer 35.259 ; Joecher, Chr. temnendum afferunt, quam iis multum la- G., Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon 3.776 ; Laboris tribuere quae praeter linguarum cog- rousse, Grand Dictionnaire Universel 11.730 ; nitionem nullam de Deo suisque operibus Schaff-Herzog, Encyclopedia VII\I.61 ; Zednotitiam afferunt, sed vanitatem meram prae ler, J. H., Grosses vollstaendiges Universal

se ferunt, nam ut docte et eleganter Gre- Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Kuenste gorius noster ait: xax@y diudacxddAwy xana 22.1346. 421

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

IV 23b JacosBus BILLIUS PRUNAEUS Manuscript:

_ , Milan, Ambrosiana P.243 Sup., s. XVI,

A manuscript, containing a translation misc., fol. 60. Contains eight lines of Orat

of the Vita of Gregory Nazianzen, written by 13 M li 'G Nazi " Gregorius Presbyter, and of thirty-four ” onodta, of Gregory Nazianzen. (P. O.

of his orations, all in a revised version of Kristeller, Iter I, 338).

the 1583 edition of the translations of Biography :

Jacobus Billius, was found in the Bibliothe- Petrus Galesinius (Pietro Gallesini), an que Nationale of Paris by Elisabeth Pel- Ecclesiastical Antiquarian and Protonotary legrin. The order of the orations is the same Apostolic, was born in Milan in the first as that of the 1583 edition, starting from half of the sixteenth century, and died c. Oration 3 in the 1583 edition and transfer- 1590. He worked with St. Charles Borromeo ring Oration 20 to the first place, making it to revive the Ambrosian rite and restore the

Oration 1 in Ms. 1059. discipline of the Church, and was at the

The contents of Ms. 10595, placed in the same time a prolific writer. In a dedicatory order of their presentation, Le., Vita and letter of Galesinius to St. Charles Borromeo Orations 1-34, according to the Migne num- in his edition of Haymonis Halberstatiensis bering, are: Vita, Oratt. 43, 4, 9, 10, 11, 9, Sacrae Historiae Epitome, adjunctis in tres 12, 19, 7, 8, 6, 23, 22, 16, 14, 17, 24, 18, 21, posteriores Petri Galesinit Notationibus, vol. _ 33, 32, 36, 26, 20, 13, 37, 42, 27, 1, in fol. Romae, 1564, Galesinius (p. 8) says

anuscript : ; .

M are that he had dedicated himself to the transla(Information furnished by Elisabeth Pel- tion of the Greek Fathers, being aroused by

legrin) Paris, BN Lat. 10595, s. XVII. the very poor versions of the works of St.

pp. 1-415. Basil and St. Gregory of Nazianzen, which he calls “rough, crude, and corrupt.” As a IV 25a PETRUS GALESINIUS rule, his translations contained also comA Latin translation by Petrus Galesinius mentaries and annotations. of about eight lines of Oration 43, Monodia Works: Roman Martyrology, with his-

or Funebris in Basilium, is found in a torical annotations, Milan, 1567; Venice, manuscript of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana 1578 ; he published the Ecclesiastical Hisin Milan; the manuscript also contains tory of Haymon of Halberstadt, with annotatranslations of some works of St. Basil. tions of his own on the In tres posteriores of Fil. Argelatus, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Salvianus, also the Sacred History of SulMediolanensium II. 2 2117 also mentions picius Severus, and homilies of Maximus of S. Gregorii Nazianzenit Theologi opera a Turin, all in 1564. He translated into Latin Petro Galesinio Protonotario Apostolico and annotated many works of the Greek conversa. Commentariis Patrum Graeco- Fathers, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Gregory

rum et Notationibus suis illustrata. Ad Nazianzen, Theodoret, and St. Basil the

Sanctiss. Gregorium XIII, Pont. Opt. Max. Great. A complete list of his works may be foun _manuseniPts however, has not been found in Fil. Argelati Bibl. Script. Mediol.

; , ; I1.2.2114-2119.

Translation of the Monodia. [Ine.]: Om- Bibl.: Fil. Argelatus, Bibliotheca Scripnes pene mei libri cum sanctissimi viri, forum Mediolanensium 11.2.2113-2119 : Bibeum ipsum, dum hac vita fuit, et colere et liotheca Britannica, A General Index to summo in honore habere nunquam desti- British and Foreign Literature by Robert terim, certe hoc tempore quo ex vita mi- Watt (Edinburgh, 1824) I, 396w ; L. Ferrari,

Basilii Magni, laudum pleni sint cumque ; “ ,

gravit...[Expl.}: qui nihil aliud agunt Onomasticon, p. 333; H. Hurter, Nomenquique omne tempus et studium in hac clator 1.117; Chr. S. Joecher, Allgemeine dicendi arte consumunt, indeque sibi lau- Gelehrten-Lexicon 2.834; J. Zedler, Univer-

dem colligere student... sal Lexicon 10.119. 422

GREGORIUS NAZIANZENUS

IV.30 GUILELMUS SIRLETUS (olim dotii professionis, et qualem decet esse epis-

ANONYMUS J) copum. [Jnc.]: Victus sum et victum me esse fateor. Subdidi me domino et suppli-

The Latin translation of the two ora- cavi ili. Beatissimus enim David incipiat

tions, De amore in pauperes and Apologeticus, mihi orationem, immo vero, qui in Davide |

found ina manuscript of the Vatican Library, intonuit, et etiam nunc per ipsum intoBarb. Lat. 481, and described under the head- nat... .{£xpl.}: in habitatione laetantium ing of Anonymus J in Vol. IJ, p.169, may be et in sanctorum splendore, ut in templo assigned to Guilelmus Sirletus. Annibale ipsius omnes celebremus gloriam. Et rex

Caro, an Italian scholar of the sixteenth simul ac pastores in Christo Jesu Domino century, translated these two orations of nostro, cum quo convenit patri honor et Gregory Nazianzen into Italian from the imperium, simul cum Sancto Spiritu in Latin translation of the orations made by saecula saeculorum. Amen. Cardinal Guilelmus Sirletus, according to Manuscript: M. Michaud (Biographie Universelle 39.414) (Micro. St. Louis Univ. and Vat. Library)

and L. A. Lenzi(Gli_scrittori calabresi, Vatican City, Barb. Lat. 481 (int. 1) and

p. 237). This manuscript is the only one (int. 2),s. XVI, 76 ff. (Kristeller, Jfer II, 445).

that I have found containing the translation Biography : of these two orations. The learned Cardinal Guilelmus Sirletus, a Tridentine Scholar, Sirletus was a well-known collector and Vatican Librarian, and a Cardinal of the translator of manuscripts, which he fre- Church, was born in 1514, at Guardavalle, quently loaned to scholars for translation. Calabria, Italy, and died in Rome in 1585. Moreover, since during most of the years In Naples he studied Greek and Hebrew, from 1548 until his death in 1585 he was theology and patrology. Later, going to actively working in the Vatican Library Rome, he made the acquaintance of many

where all his works are preserved, and Caro illustrious persons, worked with Cardinal lived in Rome from 1542 until his death in Cervini, the future Pope Marcellus II, on 1566, it seems evident that this is the Latin editions of Greek writers, both sacred and translation which Caro used for his Italian profane, and was the teacher of St. Charles translation of these orations of Gregory. Borromeo. He was appointed custodian of Therefore, I am assigning Cardinal Guilel- the Vatican Library in 1549, and in 1557, a mus Sirletus as the translator of these Protonotary Apostolic. In 1565, in recogniorations. It may also be mentioned here that tion of his virtue and learning and active Annibale Caro translated the Testamentum participation as intermediary of the Holy and Letters 80 and 36 of Gregory from the See in the negotiations for the revival of

original Greek into Italian. the Council of Trent he was made a Cardinal.

Translation of Oration 14, Gregorit Na- He became Bishop of San Marco in Calabria zanzeni Theologi De amore in pauperes. in 1566 and of his native diocese of Squillace [Ine.]: Viri fratres et compauperes, paupe- in 1568. During this time he remained in res enim omnes et divinae gratiae indigentes Rome and governed his bishopric through quamvis alius alio praestare videatur par- his nephew Marcello until 1573, when he

vis mensuris dimensus, accipite oratio- renounced it in favor of this nephew. In nem. ..[Expl.]: commiserationem hanc af- 1569 he was appointed by Pope Pius V feramus ipsi per indigentes et humi hodie to a commission for the publication of the

coniectos ut cum hinc migraverimus acci- Vulgate. He also co-operated in the publica-

piant nos in eterna tabernacula. In ipso tion of the Greek Bible or Septuagint Christo Domino nostro, cui gloria et impe- and of the Polyglot of Antwerp, and at the

rium in saecula. Amen. same time applied himself to patristic

Translation of Oration 2, Gregorii Na- studies, emended the Latin liturgical books, zanzeni Theologi Oratio apologetica. Fuge and corrected the Julian Calendar. In the ipsius causa in Pontum, et reditus illius course of this work he acquired many Greek post sacerdotii electionem in gloria sacer- codices. From March 18, 1570, until his

423

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

death in 1585, he served as Prefect of the are unnumbered, but the orations cover Vatican Library. After his death his vast folios 1°-28%. Folios 14° and 15" and 15’ are

personal library was bought by Cardinal blank. The manuscript was evidently reAscanio Colonna, but was brought back to bound and some pages were misplaced, for the

the Vatican Library by Pope Benedict XIV last two folios of Oration 38, containing a (1740-58), where it remains to this day. little less than one third of the oration, were

Works: Vitae Sanctorum in latinum inserted as folios 24 and 25 in Oration 14.

versae, et a Metaphraste editae, in the last This is in the only part of Oration 38 that is two volumes of Vitae Sanctorum, published preserved. by Lippomani, Venice, 1991-1998 ; ~Annota- Translation of Oration 1. (Inc.|: (ff. 1°tiones in Psalmos” in Polyglotte Bible of 1%) Resurrectionis dies adest felixque prin-

Antwerp, “Menologium Graecorum,” . _ invicem neue P . ; . wos 1569; cipium quo et hilares nos fieri) et

in Antiquae Lectiones of Canisius, Ingolstadt, _ 1601; many unpublished manuscripts, a- alter alterum _amplecti decet. Haec dici-

mong them, letters of St. Basil the Great mus, fratres, ls etiam qui nos oderunt...

and a number of his homilies. [Expl.]: quasi noxiam lethalemque herbam

Bibl. : Dict. Cath. Biogr. (1961) p. 1064; vos et pastores et gregem vitare cupilo nec Enc. Ital. 31.908 ; Grande Dizionario Enci- ex ea alere aut ali, unum esse omnes in clopedico XVII (Torino, 1972) 353; Hoefer Christo Jesu nunc et in futura requie cui 44,40-41 ; H. Hurter, Nomenclator 3.258-61 ; gloria et imperium in secula seculorum. Joecher, IV, 623; L. A. Lenzi, Gli scrittori Amen.

calabresi pp. 235-37 ; M. Michaud, Blographie Translation of Oration 465 (ff. 2?-117). Universelle 39.414-15 ; New Catholic Ency- [inc.]: In custodia mei stetero, admiran-

clopedia 13 (1967) 260; Tafuri, Scrittori... dus inquit Abacuc. Ego hodie simul cum

nel Regno di Napoli III, 5, p. 200. eo ex potestate contemplandique facul-

D. Taccone-Gallucci, Monografia del Card. tate mihi aspectu concessa, explorabo.... Guglielmo Sirleto (Rome, 1909) ; H. Omont, [Expl] : si voti compotes in sancta fuerimus “La Bibl. Vat. sous le Card. Sirleto” Revue excepti tabernacula tibi forsan offeremus in

des Bibliothéques XXIII (1913) 269 ff. ; sacrificilum quae sancto altari sint accepta, P. Paschini, “Note per la biogr. del Card. oO pater, verbum, ac spiritus sancte. Quoniam Guil. Sirleto” Archivio storico della Cala- tibi omnis gloria, honos, et imperium in

bria V (1917) 44-104; id. “Guil. Sirleto secula seculorum. Amen. prima del cardinalato” Tre ricerche sulla Translation of Oration 44 (ff. 119-14°).

storia della Chiesa nel 1500 (Rome, 1945); [Inc.]: Antiquus mos recte quidem institu-

idem, “Jl cardinale Guglielmo Sirleto in tus iubet nos Encaenia colere, immo per

Calabria” Rivista di Storia delle Chiesa in encaenia bono raro honorare que acta sunt,

Italia I (1947) 22-37. idque non semel tantum sed frequenter...

vol. II,:page line 35. Omit: et. LexP i]: Id Aassequemur ad bona . ; ,169a, onestaque conversi acautem renovati ad sinovam

line 40. Read : convenit patri. vitam transmigrabimus in Christo Jesu IV 31a ANnonymus N Domino nostro cui gloria in secula seculorum. Amen.

A Latin translation of five orations of Translation of Oration 14 (ff. 16-23V and Gregory Nazianzen, numbers 1, 45, 44, 14, 267-28"). [Jnce.]: Viri fratres atque una and 38 — In Pasca (sic) et in excusatione nobiscum pauperes (omnes enim inopes sutarditatis, In sancta Pasca (sic), In Encaenia mus et divine gratie indigentes, licet alius et in Martyrem Maman, De amore erga paupe- alium excellere videatur parva mensura

res, and In Theophania sive Natalitia Sal- demensus.. .[Expl.]: et hos hodie humi vatoris — are contained in a_ sixteenth proiectos offeremus ut qui primum ex hoc

century manuscript of the Biblioteca Na- mundo migraverimus recipiant nos in eterna zionale of Florence. There is no indication of tabernacula in ipso Deo et Domino nostro the translator. The pages of the manuscript cui gloria in aeternum. Amen. A24

HERMETICA PHILOSOPHICA

Translation from Oration 38 (ff. 24f- Vol. II, p. 175a, line 15, insert : 25’). [Inc.]: peiora ipse assumit, quod qui- (*) Vatican City, Vat. Ross. 50(VII a dem priori divinius est, ac mente sana pre- 50), s. XV, misc. mbr., fo]. 177 (Kristeller, ditis excelsius apparet. Quid contra nos Iter 11,468 ; Information supplied by P. O. circa haec effutiunt sycophante. . .[Expl.]: Kristeller).

quem et nobis in presentia revelari preca- Table of Translations mur quatenus carnis vinculis alligatis id vol. II, page 182, Poem II.1.49.

concedi potest. In Christo Jesu Domino Transfer: An D2 tocol. 12. nostro cui gloria in aeternum. Amen. page 191, Orat. 24, col. 4.

Manuscript: Read: Oe 5.

(micro.) Firenze, Naz. Centr., cod. Naz. page 192, App. 2, col. 4.

IT.1V.522 (Magl. Cl. XXXIX, num. 50): s. Read : Oe 7.

XVI, 39 folios. (Mazzatinti, XI.81).

HERMETICA PHILOSOPHICA. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. by MARIE-THERESE D’ALVERNY (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Poitiers)

vol. I, 151-54. IV. Liner XXIV _ PHILO- 23 sentences. No prologue. Title (later

SOPHORUM hand): Propositiones Termeg (Cf. M. Add the following data on manuscripts: T. d’Alverny, “Avicenna Latinus VI”, Arch.

d’hist. doctr. et litt. du Moyen Age XXXIII

I. Sentences alone, with or without pro- (1966) 319; Aristoteles Latinus, Codices I,

logue. 276-77 [the LiberinXXIV Philosophorum is vol. I, p. 153a, not noted the description]). line 8. Read: 22 sentences. line 10. Add. The manuscript ends: II. Sentences with first commentary. Deus est ex quo est quidquid est non vol. I, p. 153a, line 49 through 153b, line

participatione per quem est non variatione 2. Delete the description of the Géttweig in quo est quod est non c(om)mixtione. I manuscript here and see the new description am indebted for information on the Ex- below under Group III. plicit to Dr. L. Sturlese in his review of vol. I, p. 153b, lines 6-9. Delete the descripCTC II in Annali della Scuola Normale tion of the Leipzig manuscript here and see Superiore di Pisa, Classe di Lettere e Fi- the new description below under Group III.

losofia, Ser. III, III (1973) 1174. vol. I, p. 153b, lines 24-37. The Perugia vol I. page 153a, line 11. Add: manuscript does not belong in this group (micro.) Kfivoklat, Castle Library (former- and should be transferred to Group III; ly Prague, Fuerstenbergische Bibliothek), it contains the sentences with the second

ms. Ie 10, membr., s. XIV-XV, fols. 30-30v. commentary. 23 sentences. No prologue. Title: Tri-

ginta quatuor (sic) philosophorum diffini- III. Sentences with a first commentary tiones de Deo communi assensu constitute. and a second commentary. (J. Prazak, Codices manuscripti Bibliothecae vol. I, p. 153b, line 45. Add:

Castri Kfivokldt, Prague 1969, p. 205). Gottweig, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. 959(69),

vol. I, p. 153a, line 26. Add: membr., s. XIII, fols 230-232v.

Vienna, Bibliotheca conventus Fratrum 23 sentences with prologue, first and sePraedicatorum, 151/121, membr., s. XIII, cond commentary. Title: Incipit Terme-

fol. 146v. gistus.

425

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

Leipzig, Universitatsbibliothek 1442, vol. I, p. 154a, line 3. Add: membr., s. XIII, fols. 159-161v. The ma- Warsaw, Bibliotheca Universitatis 10, nuscript, which was reported as destroyed, membr., s. XV, fols. 161-4.

has been recovered. (Aristoteles Latinus, 23 sentences with prologue, first and se-

Codices I, 711-12). cond commentary. No title.

23 sentences, with prologue, first and vol. I, p. 152a, line 25 and 154b, lines 6-7, second commentary. Title: Trimegistus. read : Sentence II.

PAPPUS ALEXANDRINUS, ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. by MARJORIE NICE BOYER (York College of the City University of New York)

The Addenda are arranged in the order of the original article, under the following headings °

Fortuna. Additional material. I. Collectio. Translations.

1. Federicus Gommandinus. Additional material. 5. Anonymus. A new translation. 6. Bernardinus Baldus. A new translation.

vol. II, p. 206b, line 16. Add: Translation of the Armenian Fragments,”

The first known Latin translation of Isis, Vol. 62, Part 2, #212 (1971), pp. 186Pappus’ Collectio was made by Federicus 207. Hewson states that it is an error to

Commandinus and published in 1588. How- attribute the Geography to Moses Chorenen-

ever, Sabetai Unguru in his article, “Pappus Sis, as the earliest surviving manuscripts

in the Thirteenth Century in the Latin are anonymous. “Despite his continual re-

West,” Archive for History of Exact Sciences, ferences to Ptolemy, the Armenian redactor XIII (1974) 307-34 shows that certain pro- must be taken at face value when he states positions of Witelo’s Perspectiva of ca. 1270 that his work is based on Pappus and that

(Book I, propositions 22, 38, and 39) are references to Ptolemy must have been

essentially taken from propositions VI, 43, included in Pappus’ text to begin with or VI, 42, and VI, 44 of Pappus’ Mathematical derived at second hand from some other Collection. Dr. Unguru also argues that source.” (pp. 186-187). Vaticanus graecus 218 could have been in

that library already as early as the thirteenth I. Collectio century and that William of Moerbeke,

Witelo’s friend, might have translated it. TRANSLATIONS In that case, at least parts of the Collectio

could have been available to Witelo in 1. FEDERICUS COMMANDINUS Latin.

p. 207b, line 44. Add:

p. 207a, line 16. Add: Commandinus’ translation of Pappus con-

Lost Works tinued to hold the field for many years.

3. Chorographia or Universal Description It is therefore of some importance to note

of the World. Robert H. Hewson, “The the reasons for the delay in its publication. Geography of Pappus of Alexandria: A When Commandinus died in 1575, he left 426

PAPPUS

his translation of the Collectio virtually volunt, o Cratiste, omne problema appellari complete. His heirs, two daughters, quar- existimant.../...[Eapl.]: et praetera eunreled over what should be done with the dem circulum comprehendere triangulum manuscript. According to the 1588 dedica- icosaedri, et pentagonum dodecaedri in tory epistle of Valerius Spaciolus, son-in- eadem sphaera descriptorum.

law of Commandinus, it was only the Pappi Alexandrini Mathematicarum Col-

intervention of Francesco Maria II, duke of lectionum Liber Quartus cum commentariis

Urbino, that secured its publication. Ber- Federici Commandini Urbinatis. [Jne.]: nardino Baldi(in his “Vita di Federico Theorema I Propositio I. Si sit triangulum Commandino,” Giornale de’ letterati d’ Italia, ABC, et ab ipsis ABBC describantur quae-

19 (1714), 179) gives some details on the vis parallelogramma ABED, BCFG, et duke’s efforts to see that Commandinus’ rectae lineae DEFG producantur.../... translation saw the light of day. Baldi [Expl.]: Atque est datum punctum F. puncattributes the delay to the heirs’ dislike of tum igitur D positione contingit parabolen, entrusting the manuscript to the hands of quae per AFB transit, cuius axis est EF. others (p. 178), while Valerius Spaciolus Pappi Alexandrini Mathematicarum Collaid it to the cupidity of one of the heirs. lectionum Liber Quintus cum commentariis Duke Francesco Maria persuaded the heirs Federici Commandini. [Jnc.]: Sapientiae et to have the work sent to Venice to Francis- disciplinarum cognitionem optimam qui-

cus Barocius, who had offered to see it dem et perfectissimam Deus hominibus through the press. Barocius, using a Greek impartivit. Animalium vero rationis exmanuscript different from those employed pertium nonnullis particulam assignavit. . ./ by Commandinus, by March 31, 1588 had ...[ Expl]: quare neque aliud polyedrum produced a revised Latin version with inueniri potest, praeter quinque iam dicta woodcuts pasted in it, evidently ready for quod aequalibus et similibus aequilateris publication. (Catalogus, II, 209). How- polygonis contineatur. ever, the heirs were dissatisfied, apparently Pappi Alexandrini Mathematicarum Colfeeling that Barocius was appropriating lectionum Liber Sextus cum commentariis Commandinus’ work. Baldi says Barocius Federici Commandini Urbinatis. {Jnc.] : Mul-

was suspected of negligence. The manu- ti eorum, qui astronomicum locum pertracscript was retrieved and published later the tant, cum propositiones negligenter intellisame year, at Pesaro (1588). Baldi reports gant, alia quidem... ./...[Exzpl.]: se non that it was entrusted to Guid’ Ubaldo del ignorare arbitros. singula autem horum ex Monte, who saw it through the press, but libris a Ptolemeo de hac re conscriptis abunde Valerius Spaciolus merely states that the facileque cognoscere licebit. book was printed just as Commandinus had Pappi Alexandrini Mathematicarum Colleft it, without corrections. Spaciolus ful- lectionum Liber Septimus cum commensomely praises the duke for achieving the tariis Federici Commandini Urbinatis.[Inc.] : publication : without Francesco Maria’s in- Locus, qui vocatur *avadvduevos, hoc est

itiative and his willingness to finance resolutus, o Hermodore fili, ut summatim publication, Commandinus’ translation of dicam, propria quedam est materia... ./... Pappus’ Collectio would not have seen the [Expl]: id circo linea CD ad DE eandem

light of day. proportionem habebit, quam ML ad LK. linea igitur DH locum efficiat necesse est. p. 208a, line 13-22. Delete and substitute : Pappi Alexandrini Mathematicarum ColEdition of 1588, republished at Venice lectionum Liber Octavus cum commen-

1589. tariis Federici Commandini Urbinatis. Book III. Pappi Alexandrini Mathemati- [Inec.]}: Cum mechanica contemplatio, fili

carum Collectionum Liber Tertius cum Hermodore, multis et magnis vitae nostrae

commentariis Federici Commandini Urbina- rationibus conducat, iure optimo a philosotis. [Inc.]: Quicumque ea, quae in Geome- phis maxima laude digna existimata est. . ./

tria investigantur, diligentius expendere ...[£zpl.]: attrahentes ad alteram aedifi-

427

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

cii partem tandem adducunt, simul remit- ler, and photocopies supplied by Prof. L. tentes funes, et rursus religantes utuntur, Moranti.

sicuti ante dictum est. f. 190'-399¥. Parts of Books III, V, VII, VIII of Commandinus’ translation. Alp. 208a, line 24. Add: though the published incipit of Book VIII (micro) British Museum, Sloane 2119, cart. appears on f. 376", earlier in the MS there

s. XVII, 172 fols. Ex Pappo Alexandrino occur in another hand a different incipit

collectiones. Listed by E. J. L. Scott, and explicit of Book VIII: (347°) Pappi

Index to the Sloane MSS in the British Alexandrini collectionis liber octavus qui Museum (London, 1904), as “Pappus of continet problemata mechanica mista floAlexandria, Collections from, by Lord Dor- rida. [Inc.]: Mechanica speculatio Hermochester. 17th cent.” Manuscript reported dore fili ad multa et magna quae in vita by P. O. Kristeller, microfilm supplied by accidunt utilis iure optimo a_philosophis British Museum. P. O. Kristeller reported maxime comprobata fuit.../...[Eapl.] (368”) that the excerpts were attributed by Scott sive rursus membro suppositum lignum in-

to Harry Pierrepoint, Marquess of Dorchester, strumentis attrahentes manu circumducunt

but that his name did not appear in the in alteram aedificii partem simul remittenMS. There are excerpts from Commandinus’ tes funes et rursus alligantes utuntur ut translation of Pappus’ Collectio, Books III, ante dictum est. Iv, V, VI, and VII. The MS begins with Curiously, the same incipit and explicit

Book III, Theorem III, Proposition III. of Book VIII occur also in Paris, Bib[Inc.|]: Habeat A ad B minorem proportio- liothéque nationale, lat. 10245 in conjunction

nem quam C ad D. Dico permutando A with Commandinus’ translation of Pappus, ad C minorem proportionem habere quam Books IV, V, and VI. One may surmise B ad D. The final excerpt is from Book VII. either that Commandinus made and later [Expl]: sed rectangulum igitur ex AC, DF discarded the variant translation of Book rectanguli ex AB, DE quadruplum esse. VIII or that it was done by someone so p. 208b, lines 1-6. Delete and substitute : oose’y associatee with Commandinus that (micro.) Urbino. Biblioteca Universitaria,(micro.) IY passed under as name. , Paris, Bibliothéque nationale, Fondo del Comune, Busta 120, cart. s. XVI, lat. 10245. cart. s. XVIL Listed in L

541 fols. Cf. Mazzatinti, 80 (1954), D . “T. _; . elisle,vol. “Inventaire des manuscrits conser-

p. 170, no. 28. Confused. Several fascicules vés A la Bibliothéque impériale sous les and hands, of which the first may be that of = og ggo0-11503 du fonds latin,” Bibl. Ecole

Federicus Commandinus secretary and the Chartres, XXIII (1862) 503 as “Pappi second that of Commandinus himself. In- Alexandrini mathematicae collectiones. formation supplied by P. L. Rose, Ms xvir® siécle.” MS reported by P. L. Rose, described by P. 0. Kristeller, and photo- description supplied by Mlle Elisabeth Pelle-

copies supplied by Prof. L. Moranti. f. 343?- ‘n. Microfil lied by Bibliothe 375v, Parts of Books V, VII, and VII with S72» “lerollim = suppued’ dy Sibllotreque

. ? nationale. 191 fols. (f. 52-54% and 191-204

commentary. Occasional slight differ ences blank). A copy of Commandinus’ translation between the published version and this MS. of and commentary on Pappus’ Collectiones

p. 208b, line 40. Add: Books IV, V, and VI, but Books III and VII 1a. FEDERICUS COMMANDINUS, with a are missing, and the translation of Book VIII

variant translation of Book VIII. is the variant version to be found in Urbino, (micro.) Urbino. Biblioteca Universitaria, Busta 121, rather than the published verFondo del Comune, Busta 121, cart. s. XVI, sion. 405 fols. Cf. Mazzatinti, vol. 80 (1954), pp. 170-

171, no. 29. Confused. Several fascicules and 5. ANONYMUS

hands, one of them evidently Commandi-

nus’, with corrections. Information supplied (micro.) Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale by P. L. Rose, MS described by P. O. Kristel- Centrale, cod. Pal. 1028, fol. 62'-114v. Cf. 428

PAPPUS

I manoscritti Palatini, vol. IIT, fase. 1, ed. P. L. Rose reported that among the “other P. L. Rambaldi and A. Saitta Revignas works” was a translation of Pappus’ Col(Rome, 1950) (Indici e Cataloghi IV), p. 35. lectio, Book VIII. Description supplied by

cart. s. XVI-XVIJ. MS reported and P. O. Kristeller, microfilm supplied by

described by P. O. Kristeller. Microfilm Bibliothéque Nationale. supplied by the Biblioteca Nazionale Cen- f. 183. Pappi Alexandrini collectionum

trale. Octavus, continet autem mechanica proTranslation of the first twenty-five prop- blemata immixta florida. [Jnc.]: Cum ad ositions of Pappus’ Book V (f. 62T-90V) multos et maximos vitae usus, Hermodore with commentary on them. Scholia out of fili, mechanices contemplatio utilis existat, order, which should be f. 105'-114’, con- merito immortalibus laudibus a philosophis

tinued 93'-104'. dignata est.../...[Ezpl.]: (f. 202%) etiam f. 62°. After the heading “Pappi Alexan- adducunt simul relaxantes funes extensas drini Collectionis liber quintus, continet et rursus alligantes utuntur ut supra dictum

autem planarum figurarum aequalem ha- est. Finis. Translatum est (deleted: in bentium ambitum comparationes inter se et decimo die) spatio decem dierum a Bernarad circulum et solidarum figurarum aequa- dino Baldi Urbinate 1578 mense Aprili die 7.

lem superficiem habentium comparationes In the sixteenth and early seventeenth inter se et ad sphaeram,” the translator centuries the book of Pappus’ Collectio omits Pappus’ introduction and proceeds which most appealed to contemporaries was

directly to Theorem I Proposition I: Book VIII, perhaps because it seemed more omnium planarum figurarum aequalem am- relevant to science than the other and more bitum habentium aequilaterarum et aequi- mathematical books. Where a Latin manuangularum semper maior est quae plures script contains only one book of the Collechabet angulos, omnium autem maxima est tio or where an author translated only one

circulus cum aequalem cum ipsis habet book, it was almost always Book VIII.

ambitum. (Cf. Catalogus, II, 208). The year 1578 for

f. 90%. explicit of translation : circulus igi- Baldi’s translation of Pappus’ Book VIII tur cuius ea quae ex centro est ab aequalis est is important for dating the composition of superficiebus quae fiunt ab ipsis cd, de, ef, Baldi’s In Mechanica Aristotelis problemata fg, gh. 26 (chapter heading only). Scholia exercitationes. F. Scarloncini’s introduction

on Pappus Book V. to the published version (1621) states that

f. 105°. [Inc.]: Vocat ordinata polygona Baldi wrote the work in 1582. However, it quae aequilatera quidem sunt et aequian- has been suggested that it could only have gula et non similia, ea scilicet quae ad been composed in 1589, after the publicanumerorum seriem sese consequuntur. tion of Commandinus’ translation of Papf. 104°. [Exzpl.]: tota igitur superficies a pus (1588), on which Baldi depended. (Stillrectis ed, de, ef, fg, gh per revolutionem man Drake, “Bernardino Baldi,” Dictionary facta aequalis est circulo cuius ea quae ex of Scientific Biography, 1 [1970], 419-420).

centro est ab. We now know that Baldi was not obliged to wait for the publication of Commandinus’

6. BERNARDINUS BALDUS translation, for he had already made his

own. Baldi translated Pappus’ Collectio, Paris. Bibliothéque nationale lat. 10280. Book VIII in 1578, despite the fact that his Listed by L. Delisle, “Inventaire des manu- close friend Commandinus had already done

scrits conservés a la Bibliotheque impériale so before his death in 1575. This fact sous les n° 8822-11503 du fonds latin,” implies that Commandinus’ translation was Bibl. Ecole Chartes, XXIII (1862), 505: unavailable to Baldi at the time, and this is “Heronis Ctesibii belopoeeca, id est telefac- confirmed by the latter’s statement in his tiva, Bernardino Baldo Guastallae abbate “Vita di Federico Commandino” that the iliustratore et interprete — Autres opuscules heirs “lo tennero scpolto gran tempo” scientifiques de Bernardin — xvur® siécle.” (Giornale de’ letterati d’Italia, 19 [1714], 429

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

178). Baldi had acquired the Greek manu- Biography : script of Hero’s Belopoeica at the University Bernardinus Baldus (Bernardino Baldi), of Padua, whither he had gone in 1573. This born in Urbino June 5, 1553, studied Latin manuscript on Hero’s war machines must and Greek with the humanist Giannantonio have been important to Baldi’s composition Terronio, and mathematics with Federicus of his In Mechanica Aristotelis problemata Commandinus. In 1573 he went to Padua exercitationes in 1582, although Baldi only to study medicine and also logic and phi-

published his translation of the Belopoeica losophy, without, however, pursuing a

in 1616. course leading to a degree. While there he

In the manuscript Bibliothéque nationale wrote poetry, including L' Artigtter a and latin 10280 the translation of Hero occupies i! Lauro. Baldi himself says that in the

P third year of his studies because of the pest f. 5-30’, that of Pappus Book VIII, f. 183v202Y. Yet the first translation in the manu- he left Padua for Urbino. Here he continued . . his mathematical pursuits, this time with script was completed by Baldi on 23 March Guid’Ubaldo del Monte, author of Mecha-

1612 and the later one on 7 April 1578. nicorum Liber (1577). Baldi also at this Baldi stated in his colophon that he had period studied Arabic, Hebrew, Chaldean, completed his translation of Book VIII in Greek, German, and French. During his 1578 in ten days, and there are marks of stay in Urbino Baldi translated Aratus’ haste. The Book is not paragraphed, and Phaenomena into Italian and composed a the propositions are not numbered, as in didactic poem, L’Invenzione del bossolo da Commandinus’ version. The drawings are navigare (1578). Two years later Baldi in some cases slightly different from those of accepted an invitation to the court of Commandinus. Ireneo Affd saw in the Ferrante Gonzaga, prince of Guastalla, who Albani library in Rome the manuscript from wished to study mathematics. Baldi’s In which the Belopoeica was printed (1616) and Mechanica Aristotelis problemata ezercitathe translation of Pappus’ Collectio, Book tiones was written in 1582 but not published

VIII. Aff implies that Book VIII of until 1621. Upon the recommendation of Pappus with certain mathematical fragments Ferrante Gonzaga, Baldi was named abbot

comprised one volume. He lists it as an of Guastalla and took holy orders. He

unpublished work : “LXXVIII. Pappi Alex- continued his studies in Chaldean and andrini Collectionum Octavus. Continet Hebrew and wrote on various biblical autem Mechanica Problemata immixta flo- subjects, as, for example, a poem on the rida. Accedunt alia fragmenta Mathematic. deluge. In 1601 he was commissioned by Orig. nella Bibl. Albani. Tutte le accennate Francesco Maria II delle Rovere, duke of coso sono legate in un volume solo.” (Ireneo Urbino, to write the life of Federico di Affo, Vita di Mons. Bernardino Baldi da Montefeltro. Disheartened by controversy, Urbino primo abate di Guastalla, Parma, litigation, and the poverty of library re1783, pp. 187,222). These two works sound sources at Guastalla, Baldi in 1609 resigned

remarkably like different parts of Biblio- his position as abbot and passed into the théque nationale lat. 10280, and P. O. service of the duke of Urbino, where he died

Kristeller reports that the Paris manu- Oct. 10, 1617. script seems to be comprised of a number A man of wide interests and extensive of different fascicules. Presumably, the learning, Baldi wrote both love sonnets and

translations of Hero’s Belopoeica and of didactic poetry, including a sort of tourists’

Pappus’ Collectio, Book VIII were sewn guide to Rome. He translated ancient

together at some time after Affé had seen authors, including Musaeus’ Hero and Lean-

them. From the point of view of subject der and Hero’s Belopoeica, and he commatter it is fitting that the two works should mented on Vitruvius, but the most influen-

be included in one volume, for Pappus’ tial of his works was probably his In MechCollectio, Book VIII discusses Hero’s war anica Aristotelis problemata ezxercitationes

machines. (published 1621). Baldi’s ideas on dynamics 430

STEPHANUS BYZANTIUS

were used by Mersenne, adopted by Rober- di e pubblicate da Enrico Narducci,” Bulval, and criticized by Descartes. However, a letino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze

number of his literary works, not printed matematiche e fisiche 19 (1886), 335-406, during his lifetime, later excited enough 437-489, 524-640. F. Scarloncini, “De vita interest to be published in the nineteenth et scriptis B. Baldi urbinatis,” introduction

century. to In Mechanica Aristotelis problemata Bibl.: R. Amaturo, Dizionario Biografico exercitationes (Maguntiae, 1621). Ireneo Af-

degli Italiani V (1963), 461-64; Stillman fo, Vita di mons. Bernardino Baldi da Drake, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, I Urbino, primo abate di Guastalla (Parma, (1970), 419-420; S. Drake and I. E. Drab- 1783). Guido Zaccagnini, Bernardino Baldi kin, Mechanics in Sixteenth-Century Italy nelle vita e nelle opera (2nd ed. Pistoia, (Madison, Wisconsin, 1968), pp. 11 ff. ; 1908). René Dugas, A History of Mechanics

Mazzuchelli, Vol. II I, 116. Foreword by Louis de Broglie, trans. J. R.

E. Narducci (ed.), “Vite inedite di ma- Maddox. (Neuchatel, Switzerland and New tematici italiani scritte da Bernardino Bal- York, 1955), pp. 106-107.

STEPHANUS BYZANTIUS. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. by AUBREY DILLER (Indiana University) and PAUL OSKAR KRISTELLER

vol. II, p. 223a, line 2. Add: Byz.). [Inc.]: (fol. 1) Anaea acuto tono in

4a. ANONyYMuUS B penultimam reiecto non ut Lilaea Istiaea

A fragment of an anonymus translation Carthaea enuntiatur (p. 92 Meineke). Urbs made in the sixteenth century appears in est Cariae contra Samum cui id nominis Basel, Universitatsbibliothek, ms. O IV 6. impositum ab Anaea Amazone illic tumulata

It is presumably autograph, but the scribe .../...[Expl.]: Acherdus populus Hippoand the translator must for the time being thoontidis tribus (p. 151 Meineke). Popuremain unidentified; possibly the trans- laris Acherdusius. Localia patent, “A yeolation is the same as that which was contained dovytdber.

in a manuscript lost during World War II: Manuscript: Milan, Biblioteca Trivulziana, cod. 737, Basel, Oeffentliche Bibliothek der Uni-

cart., s. XV (see CTC II, 221). versitat, ms. O IV 6, cart., s. XVI, fols. Fragmentum lexici (other hand: Steph. 1-12v. Microflim supplied by the library.

431

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

JUVENALIS. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA* By F. EDWARD CRANZ (Connecticut College)

and

PAUL OSKAR KRISTELLER (Columpia University)

New or revised commentaries.

2a. New Haven, Yale University Library, Ms. 450. 10a. Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana, cod. 635. 10b. Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Est. lat. 109 (Alpha Q.9.1.) 14a. Subiaco, Biblioteca del Monumento Nazionale S. Scolastica, cod. 270 (CCLXV). 15a. Vatican City, Vat. lat. 3290. 15b. Vatican City, Codex Chigi J VII 266.

26a. Julius Patricius. 26b. Philippinus Italus.

26c. Gabriel Placentinus. o4a. Vatican City, Vat. lat. 6891. 36. Theodorus Pulmannus. 36a. Adrianus Turnebus. 37a. Federicus Cerutus. 37b. Bernardus Autumnus. 37c. Theodorus Marcilius. 38. Ejilhardus Lubinus. 39. Stephanus Claverius. 40. Thomas Farnaby. 41. Isaac Grangaeus. 42. Nicolaus Rigaltius. 43. Doubtful Commentaries. a) Arnoldus Luydius de Tungris. b) Hadrianus Junius. c) Janus Dousa. d) Johannes Tornorupaeus. e) A lost manuscript commentary. Additional manuscripts of commentaries described in Vol. I Smaller Addenda et corrigenda. 2a. NEw HAVEN, YALE UNIVERSITY

* The authors take this opportunity to express Lisprary, Ms. 450 their admiration for the work done by the late

Eva Sanford in the original article in v. I. We Yale University Library Ms. 450 (formhave been able to make these additions partly erly T. E. Marston Collection #33) contains because of the recent advances in the cataloguing an early medieval commentary on Juvenal. of manuscripts and in the bibliography of printed William S. Anderson has given a general books, partly because we have included a small description of the commentary, and what number of early seventeenth-century commentaries. follows is based largely on his study. 432

JUVENALIS

The manuscript was written in France in Manuscripts in the United States and Canada

the late eleventh or early twelfth century. (N. Y., 1962) p. 68 (as part of the T. E. In addition to the text of Juvenal, the manu- Marston Collection). We are indebted to

script contains an introduction and extensive Dr. Cora E. Lutz of the Beinecke Rare Book

Senola, all written by the original scribe, and Manuscript Library, Yale University,

as well as extensive interlinear glosses, for help in the description of the manu-

mostly by the original scribe. script.

The scholia constitute an extremely Edition:

detailed commentary on Juvenal. They Fragments of the commentary have been do not agree significantly with the scholia edited by W. S. Anderson, op. cit. 412-14. vetustiora, but they contain traces of the

older tradition. In order to determine the 10a. F B R

terminus post quem for the commentary, a. eee ob. 635, A TCCARAnderson points to a citation of Bede at DIANA, GOD.

X,29. It is possible that a reference to the , . et qs (restored) Lateran basilica permits a dating A fifteenth-century MS in the Biblioteca

after 896. Hence the commentary is cer- Riccardiana at Florence contains two anon-

tainly later than the middle of the eighth ymous Juvenal commentaries as well as

century, possibly after 896 ; the upper limit two anonymous Persius commentaries (see

is provided by the date of the manuscript 261, above). b itself as the end of the eleventh or the early The second Juvenal commentary has been

twelfth century. treated in Vol. I, 199-200.

Introduction. {Inc.]: (fol. 1) In principio The first commentary is incomplete an huius libri videndum de vita poetae qualis extends only as var as the end of Satyra

fuit. Juvenalis fuit Aquinas, id est de Aqui- J ne.] : f. 21 (on 1,1) Rep onere est scribere no oppido. .. (there follow a series of brief ut hic N um@uamne Teponam, idest een explanations on such standard questions Sic Homerus ; SI quando Teponis Achi em,

as the Titulus, the meaning of Satyra, idest scribis. Cicero in epistolis: Vatinium qualitas carminis, intentio scribentis, nu- numquam reponis, etc... ./. . [Exp nee 73)

merus librorum, cui parti philosophiae sup- Last lemma, Quae Siculos cantus { 150). ponatur efc.).../...[Expl.]: Descensus ad P arthenopen Ligiam et Leucosiam quarum litteram. Quidam scribunt assidue et male primam voce, alteram tibiis, tertiam lyra scribunt et ita lassant me audiendo malas plurimum valuisse com- (73V) memorant a

scripturas illorum. Sed ero ego semper potu Sirin (?) hoc est retinendo appellatas

auditor tantum? s. non quod verbum quando dasseum (?) habet Commentary. [Inc.| : (fol. 1v) Descensus ad illa in s vertitur et ei diptongus in i (?) tolitteram. Ipsi poetae cum deberent scribere gum (2) et syrenes nuncupantur. Omnibus in

utilia, scribent inutilia et patiar ego is- ferris (X,1). continet haec Satyra que lion (7)

tud?.../...(the scholia are complete but quam principium habet. Breaks off with largely illegible on the last page, fol. 65v). thee words , 74-74N blank.

On fol. 65, on XVI, 39, the commentary anuscr tpt. a ;

reads (sacrum), id est placentas quae te- (micro.) Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana, nuissimae sunt comedebant semel in anno ; vol. 635, cart., misc., s. XV, several hands. hoc libum huius libi sacrificium est. 218 fols. Kristeller, Iter I,194b. IJnventario e Bibl.: William S. Anderson, “The Mar- stima della Libreria Riccardi (1810) p. 17. ston Manuscript of Juvenal” Traditio 13

(1957) 407-14. 10b. MoDENA, BIBLIOTECA ESTENSE,

Manuscript : Est. LAT. 109 (ALPHA Q.9.1.) New Haven, Yale University Library 450

(formerly Marston 33), s. XI-XII, fol. 1-65v. A fifteenth-century manuscript at MoBond, W. H. and Faye, C. U., Supplement to dena contains a fragmentary and anonymous the Census of Mediaeval and Renaissance Commentariolum on Juvenal. 433

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOFUMES I AND II

[Inc.]: (fol. 1) Commentariolum. Junii Vespasianus (cf. Sat. 1,115). The text beginJuvenalis Aquinatis Satyrarum liber primus ning on fol. 56v seems to be by another

incipit. hand and not related to Juvenal. Indignative cum interrogatione superba Manuscript:

legendum est ut more satyrico. Semper ego (micro.) Subiaco, Biblioteca del Monumenauditor (1,1). Quia quotidie in foro Romano to Nazionale S. Scolastica cod. 270 (CCLXV), recitabantur historiae, tragediae, comediae misc.,s. XV, f. 49-56. (Kristeller, /ter [1,178 ; et multa alia. Juvenalis igitur non scribe- Mazzatinti I [1890] 211).

bat, imo semper audiebat. Captus ergo fastidio imperitissimorum poetarum ipse 15a. VATICAN CiTy. VAT. LAT.

quadam cum indignatione prorumpit in 3290.

exclamationem. . ./.. .[Expl.]: (fol. 11v) .

Quia homines venenati habent aliqua signa Afton manuscript oe rourteente nigra propter frigiditatem ipsius veneni. ora een century, once . © property °

Per famam et populum (1,72). Quod fanna Faustinus Buturinus, contains an anony(sic, for fama) populi quia mulieres non cura- mous commentary on Juvenal; the com

bant de propria verecundia. mentary is incomplete and breaks off with

Manuscript : Satyra XV,65-7. . -

(micro.) Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Est. Title. Glosulae Juvenalis Faustini Bulat. 109 (Alpha Q.9.1.), misc., s. XV, fols. 1- turini Veron(ensis) [by another hand, not

ae ae that of the scribe]. 11v. Also contains Julianus Rivanellus ore Veronensis, La forza de’ pianeti, in ottava Introduction. [Ane.] * (fol. 29) In princip rima. (Kristeller, Jfer 1,369a. Further omnium auctorum ista _quingue —quaen

information supplied by Dr. Pietro Puliatti, solent : causa compositionis, unde agat. . ./

Director of the Library) ...[Lapl.]:tendit (fol.quare 29v) in secunda vero osmagis scribat Satyram quam

" ? est.

14a. SuBraco. BIBLIOTECA DEL aliud, cum in aliis multum (?) valeat, et MonNuMENTO NAZIONALE S SCOLASTICA haec Satyra quasi prologus sequentis operis

cop. 270 (CCLXY). Commentary. [Inc.] : (fol. 29v) Semper ego A fifteenth-century manuscript at Sub- audi(tor) (1,1). In principio se reprehendit jaco contains an anonymous and incomplete de taciturnitate ut liberius alios reprehendit commentary on Juvenal (the last comment (sic) et ut ostendat se nulli parcere in hoc

appears to refer to Sat. 1,115) opere quasi: non sibi parcit, mihi quo modo Vita. [Inc.] : (Subiaco cod : 270, fol. 49v) vel tibi parcet?.../...[Eapl.]: Titides (sic,

, nea Juvenalis gt eg ves for Tydides XV,66) idest Diomedes filius Junius libertini locupletis incertye ; . «age tum filius an alundus (sic) ad mediam fere Tidel qui vulneravit Eneam in coxa, similiter es . Turnus et Aiax cum Hectore (XV,65-7). aetatem declamavit animi magis causa Manuscript quam quod scholae aut foro praepararet .; oan ;

_../.. [Expl]: haec in antiquis monumen- (micro.) Vatican City, Vat. Lat. 3290, tis de homine (?) ,tradita sunt. hunc tempo, II,318a. P. De Nolhac, epee . , Kristeller, Jter ribus Domitiani floruisse, nimis otiosa dis- La Bibliothe de Fulvio Orsini {Paris putatione alii tradiderunt, id enim apertis- PO etoumeque Ge ulvio Orsini | ,

Pears , mbr., misc., s. XIV-XV (Juvenal). (Cf.

simum est. 1887] p. 366. De Nolhac places the com-

Commentary. [Inc.]: (fol. 49v) Reponere mentary in the thirteenth century). (cf. Sat. I,1) est quod amissum est resarcire 15b. VATICAN Ciry, CopEx CHIGI

et quod alteri dederis reparare unde fabulae J VII 266.

dicuntur reponi quando eas auditas a se et

ipsi scribunt ab aliis audiendas.../... A Vatican miscellaneous manuscript of fol. 54 shows Sat. J,58 as lemma. The the fifteenth and sixteenth century,contains Juvenal commentary apparently ends at an anonymous commentary on Juvenal in a the bottom of fol. 56: Pacis templum erexit fifteenth-century hand. 434

JUVENALIS

Title. Expositio in Juvenalem. Horatius : Qui fit Maecenas ut nemo quam Introduction, [Inc.| : (fol. 175v) In exposi- sibi sortem etc. (Sermones J,1,1). et Persius :

tione huius inclyti satyrici Juvenalis quae- O curas hominum, O quantum est in rebus

dam mihi recensenda videntur, videlicet inane (Satyr. I,1). Arguit ignaviam suam vita auctoris, materia satyrica, titulus, sed quod tanto tempore siluerit et damnat prius videamus materiam satyricam et unde procacitatem imperitorum poetarum... ./

dicitur satyra et quod (sic, i.e. quot) sint ...[Exzpl.]: (fol. 75) a qua relictus et in-

genera satyrarum. Juvenalis oriundus fuit caute et a serpente morsus occubuit. quae ex Aquino civitate Apuliae de qua beatissi- noverca novercali victu puerum ter reliquit

mus Thomas fuit oriundus.../...[Expl.]: sine custodia. Siculus (VII,236), idest

(fol. 175v) qui ex aliis tribus videlicet ex Acestes qui donavit urnas Phrygibus, idest Lucilio, ex Horatio, ex Persio sumpsit ma- Troianis.

teriam et ex iracundo dicendi genere Persii Bibl.: G. Mercati, Codici Latint Pico et levi Horatii suum praebuit opus compa- Grimani Pio (Studi e Testi 75), Citta del

ratione aliorum delectabile. Vaticano, 1938 pp. 265-6; Leslie F. Smith,

Commentary. [Inc.}: Semper ego auditor “Members of Francesco Patrizi’s Family tantum? Numquamne reponam? (1,1). Cau- Appearing in His Letters and Epigrams”,

sas in hac prima satyra allegat quae est Renaissance Quarterly XXVII (1974) 1-6 tanquam loco prohemii ut ipsemet testatur : at 2 and 4.

quidquid agant homines votum ftimor ira Manuscript:

voluptas / gaudia discursus nostri est far- (micro.) Vatican City, Ottobon. Lat. 1609., rago libellt (Sat. I, 85-6).../...[Hapl.] : (fol. s. XV. (Kristeller, Iter 11,418).

227) tintinabula (VI,441) tintinare dicitur Biography : sonari unde et tintinabula sunt appellata. Little is know of Julius Patricius beyond Nigidius libro XVII. Itaque mensalibus the name, and he appears to have died young.

altanus (?) tintinat et sonat (del.? Juvena- He was the son of Franciscus Patricius lis) bilem substringit opertis(?) yodAnyv Senensis, Bishop of Gaeta, who died at a xolin que (a word deleted) coleram signifi- great age in 1494. No work of Julius is cat. axxatoo (sic) puram (interrupted). known except the present Commenitum in

Manuscript: Juvenalem. (micro.) Vatican City, Codex Chigi J VII Bibl.: F. Battaglia, E. S. Piccolomini e

266, cart., misc.,s. XV. Kristeller, fer IT, Fr. Patrizi, due politici senesi del Quattro-

486a. cento (Siena, 1936)op.p.cit.88 n. 2; G. Mercati, 265-66. 26a. JuLIUS PATRICIUS. 26b. PHILIPPINUS ITALUS.

A Vatican manuscript of the fifteenth century contains an incomplete commentary, A commentary by Philippinus Italus on through Sat. VII,236, by Julius Patricius. most of Juvenal is found in the same Leiden The manuscript contains dedicatory verses MS. which contains his commentary on by Hilarion Monachus Veronensis and by Persius. There is no introduction to the Franciscus Patricius, the father of Julius. Juvenal commentary, but one might assume The volume was presented to Pope Sixtus that it is to be dated like the Persius com-

IV (1471-84), and there appear to have mentary, in, the late 1470’s (see above,

been plans for its publication ; perhaps the p. 262). The commentary on Juvenal is publication of the full commentary by fragmentary at the end, and the last lemma Domitius Calderinus in 1475 led to the is X VJI,13.

abandonment of this plan. [Inc.] (fol. 649) Semper ego auditor... Title. Commentaria super Juvenalem per Ne reponam. Reponere significat hic scri-

me Julium Patricium. [Jnc.]: Semper ego bere quoniam libri bene scripti, scilicet auditor tantum (1,1). More satyrico ab bene et graviter compositi a poetis reponeexclamatione et indignatione incipit ut bantur servandi in templo Apollinis dei 435

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

scientiae. ../. . .[_Expl.}: (fol. 898v last lem- dem de auctore dicendum videtur. Junius

ma Bardiacus XVI,13) et hoc Juvenalis Juvenalis Aquini oriundus fuit quae cividicit ad denotandum quod malum tudicium tas est Apuliae.../...[Expl.}: (fol. 48v) de eis habetur ut puta quoniam omnino et inquit Acron quod ni Juvenalis scripsisset isti sunt indocti et magis audaces et stulti nemo melior fuisset Horatio, et recte in-

quam graves et prudentes. telligere possumus Juvenalem omnibus fuis-

Manuscript: se praestantiorem. De his hactenus; ad

(micro.) Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijks- expositionem veniamus.

universiteit, cod. Voss. Lat. fol. 83, fols. Commentary. [Inc.]: Semper (Sat. 1,1). 649-898v (much information on the MS. Ut moris satyrorum est ab interrogatione supplied by the librarian, Dr. P. F. J. Ob- incipit et clamore et ingenti indignatione,

bema). ut Persius: O curas hominum! o quantum

Biography : est in rebus inane est (sic, cf. Sat. [,1).

See above, p. 263. El accusat hoc principio scriptores aliquos scribere nescientes.../...[Exzpl.]: Latum

26c. GABRIEL PLACENTINUS. aurum picte vestis (Sat. V1,482). quia semper A tteenthcentury manuscript at Naples Yana) mule valor res tact

contains what appear to be Reportata of the considerat vestem suam auratam qualiter lectures of Gabriel Placentinus on Juvenal, q

together with a Vita of the poet. + anuscrip Introduction. [Inc.]: (fol. 1) Decii Juniit-. Va ;

Juvenalis Aquinatis liber primus incipit. (micro.) Vatican City, Vat. pa ne

Materiam et causam satirarum hac inspice 1 art., misc., 8. XVI, fols 47-225v. (Aristel-

prima. Semper ego auditor. (1,1). Poetae er, Iter ani p

etiam Detiorum fuit. Detius est pronomen, of Persius and Juven Lin 1566, he not only

cognomen.../...[£zpl.]: proprium ducis , _

Junius Pp em Expl] volunt eum duis expanded the Persius commentary (see est et militum ; pertinet ad duces ut praemia P. 8 above) ; ne also pnereased the wave fortibus Jaboribus aequalia et milites lae- nai commentary from about seven pages to tentur (?) phaleris aureis et torquibus mo- about 18 pages.

monilibus colli. Nam praemia haec emunt The edition of 1566.

quibus laetantur postea amore _ milites.

Hic finiunt recollecta sub Gab(riele) Pla(cen- reponam (Sate LD. : ‘Po iba fas. in

tino). we Ge ; ; 1565 ; what follows is new] Turnebus, Ad(other hand :) Antonii Seripandi ex Jani versariorum lib. XX, cap. viii. Significat, Panes testamento. inquit, serecitationibus vicem illius poetis an eselP - sas , quorum crebrisreferre toties velle, vexa(micro.) Naples, Biblioteca nazionale V D tus sit, ne eis sit impune. Reponam igitur

siosraphy. Her 1,401a. valet, ulciscar eos vicissimque eis gratiam Nothing seems to be known of Gabriel referam recitando poema meum, quorum

; , . . toties auditor fui. Theseidem autem Codri,

Placentinus beyond his authorship of this longum poema de Theseo interpretatur mul-

commentary. tis diebus recitatum, cum instar esset Ae34a. VATICAN City, VAT. LAT. 6891. neidis Virgilianae [in what follows, Pulmannus rejoins the 1565 commentary] Nota A sixteenth-century Vatican manuscript magis nulli domus est sua, quam mihi lucus /

contains an extensive, though incomplete, Martis (Sat. 1,7-8).../... The 1565 edi-

commentary on Juvenal. tion ends with Book XV. The 1566 edition

Introduction. [Inc.] : (fol. 47) Quoniam Ju- goes on briefly to Book XVI. [Expl]: Ofvenalis satyras exposituri sumus, primo qui- fendere tot caligas, tot /milia clavorum 436

JUVENALIS

(Sat. XVI, 24-5) Nam militum caligae suf- {Expl.]: Vale, et quod vitae genus instifixae clavis erant. Turneb. lib. iiii, cap. vil. tuisti, illud ut perpetuo serves, pro viribus

Editions. enitere. Ex aedibus nostris. 15 Kal. Julii.

For later editions, see CTC I,234. 1593.

Paraphrasis in eandem Satyram. [Ine.]:

36a. ADRIANUS TURNEBUS. (p. 9) Quod plerique hominum nobilitatis gratia plus nimio se efferant, libenter ex te

Adrianus Turnebus devoted considerable scire velim.. ./.. .[Expl.]: (p. 24) nam quis-

attention to Juvenal in his Adversaria, the quis ille fuit qui gentis tuae prima iecit first two volumes of which were published fundamenta, aut pastor fuit, aut aliquid at Paris 1564-65. In 1567 an anonymous aliud peius, quod palam facere nolim. editor extracted and revised many of the Dedication of Satyra X. Johanni Bapcomments from the Adversaria and publish- tistae Princivalio optimae spei adolescenti ed them as a separate commentary on Ju- Federicus Cerutus, S. P. D. [Zne.]: (p. 25)

venal. Omnium rerum quae animis nostris non [Inc.|] : (ed. Paris, 1567 p. 162) Semper ego solum obesse plurimum consueverunt, sed auditor tantum? numquam ne reponam? illis etiam exitio tandem solent esse. . ./... (1,1). Significat, ut ait Turnebus, se vicem [Expl.]:(p. 28) qui ubiqumque locorum illis poetis referre velle, quorum recitationi- fueris, tuae utilitati, tuaeque dignitati bus crebris toties vexatus sit, ne eis sit im- libentissime praesto semper sim futurus. pune [compare Adversaria (ed. Paris, 1664- Vale ex aedibus 8 Kal. Julii, 1593.

65) Liber XX, Caput VIII. vol. II fol: Paraphrasis in eandem Satyram. {Inc.]: 165b].../.. .[Eapl.j: (p. 182) Bardiacus (p. 40) Quis est, qui non cum quadam mi-

(XVI,13) Bardaicus legendum. Bardaicus seratione hoc propius intueatur, quod hic enim iudex, id est militaris vel Gallicus. in terris perpaucos admodum invenias, licet

Bardi autem apud Gallos sunt cantores. totum orbem peragraveris, qui quae vere Est qui a Bardaeis Illyrici populis deducat, bona sint, possint dignoscere. . ./.. .[Expl.]: qui et Vardaei vocantur. [compare Adver- (p. 61) Nos tamn inscitiae tenebris obsiti,

saria XXIII, 24, vol. II fol. 160b.]. dum petimus, aut aliquid speramus, te

Editions: Deam facimus et inter numina collocamus.

1567, Lugduni (Lyons): apud Antonium The Paraphrases were published in two

Gryphium. With Persius. Baudrier VITI, 350. forms, first as part of a larger work, and Bibliothéque St. Geneviéve ; (CtY ; MH). second separately with a new title page but

Biography : with the same signatures and pagination.

See CTC 1,150 ; II,15. 1593, Veronae: apud Hieronymum Discipulum. Dialogi duo, quorum alter de co-

37a. FeperiIcus CERUTUS. moedia, alter de recta adulescentium in-

stitutione describitur. Paraphrases duae In 1593 Federicus Cerutus published in octavam et decimam Satyram Juvenalis. paraphrases of Satyrae VIII and X. In Adams J-1282. BN ; (MH). 1599 he published a complete paraphrase 1593, Veronae : apud Hieronymum Disciof the Satyrae in which the earlier para- pulum. Paraphrasis in octavam et decimam phrases are reprinted with only very minor Satyram Juvenalis conscripta a Federico

changes. Ceruto Veronensi. NUC. (CtY).

1. Satyrae VIII and X, in the 2. The Satyrae complete edition of 1593. Dedication. Mustrissimo Viro D. D. PhiDedication of Satyra VIII. Ludovico lippo Fuggero, D. Marci F. Libero Baroni in Parisano optimae spei adolescenti Federicus Kirchberg et Weyssenhorn. [Jnc.] : E multis Cerutus, S. D. P. [Znc.] : Ex eo tempore quo lisdemque praeclaris cogitationibus, quibus

docendi munus suscepi, et quandiu in eo mens humana seipsam oblectare consuevit,

sum versatus, animo semper excubui.../... si quis propius animadvertere voluerit, 437

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

nullam, mea quidem sententia, laudabi- variorum edition of 1685 agrees with C liorem. ../.. .[Eapl.]: Quamobrem munus- Barth in judging that even in this larger work culum hoc, quod sub tui illustris nominis Autumnus was littlezmore than a compiler: patrocinio apparere volui, pro tua singulari Verum, sine invidia liceat verum mihi dihumanitate hilari fronte accipies, et me ad cere, si singuli sua repetitum venirent, nueorum numerum adscribes, qui perpetuo te dus remaneret procul dubio ineptissimus colunt atque observabunt. Vale. Ilustrissi- rapsodus.. . (Utrecht, 1685 p. 755).

ricus Cerutus. 1. Philyrae

mae dominationi tuae addictissi mus Fede-

There follow a Vita of Juvenal, judgments

on him by scholars, a twelve-line poem by Dedicatory verses (edition of 1596). Franciscus Pola jureconsultus Veronensis, Ad Bernardum Autumnum. two-line poem and a twenty-line poem by Andreas Chioccus by M. G.

medicus et philosophus Veronensis. Insignia familiae Autumnorum. Two-

Paraphrasis. [Inc.] : (p. 8) Cum tamdiu in line poem. aliorum scriptis audiendis plurimum tem- Letter of Dedication. poris insumpserim, numquamne ego etiam Illustrissimo et reverendissimo D. D, ad perscribendum me _ conferam.../... Aegidio de Noailles Aquensi episcopo, Ab[Expl.]: (p. 354) Ipseque imperator in rem bati S. Amandi et Insulae, Priori Regulae suam esse arbitratur, ut sui milites sint et Solaci, Comiti Aiennensi, Baroni Malequam beatissimi, et phaleris torquibusque mortensi, et consiliario Sanctioris intimique

decorati per urbem incedant. consessus Christianissimi Regis. D. D. D.

Edition: [Zne.]: Arion Lesbius Cytharoedus opti-

1599, Augustae Vindelicorum (Augsburg) : mus, cum Tarento Corinthum cum multis ex officina typographica Ioannis Praetorii. opibus peteret, et videret sibi in mari tendi a Adams J-766 ; NUC. BM; BN ; (CtY ; NNC). nautis insidias, petiit ut cythara paululum

Doubtful editions : caneret....hasque commentationes quam-

1590, Augustae Vindelicorum (Augsburg) : quam nullius ingenii et doctrinae notis ex officina typographica Ioannis Praetorii. distinctas aequo animo accipies, quas licet

NUC NJ 0204748. The copy is actually ab aliis mutuatus sim, nemo improbabit.

the edition of 1599. Quis objiciet architecto, operibus aliorum 1597, Veronae. Ruperti, I, p. cxxi. in construendis aedibus usum fuisse....

1600, Augustae Vindelicorum (Augsburg). Ita ego ex multis multa decerpsi, magna

Ruperti, ibid. certe cum difficultate, quia non omnes 1603, Augustae Vindelicorum Augsburg). idem sentiunt, sed sibi invicem adversantur,

Ruperti, ibid. quisque testimoniis et rationibus sententiam Biography : suam probat. Si quis igitur in lubrico itinere See under Persius, above, p. 298. nos collabi deprehenderit, ignoscat; sed

caveat tamen, ne manum praebens, ipse 37b. BERNARDUS AUTUMNUS eandem fortunam experiatur. Vale. Burdigalae a partu deiparae Virginis, Bernardus Autumnus published two com- anno 1596. Pridie nonas Octobris. mentaries on the Satyrae. The first and Tibi deditus et devotus cliens, Bernardus shorter form was printed in 1596 under the Autumnus. title: Philyrae. In the letter of dedication Title. In Decii Junii Juvenalis Satyrarum Autumnus makes no claims of originality ; libros Philyrae Bernardi Autumni. he has drawn on the work of others, though Commentary. [Inc.|]: Reponam (1,1), scriit was not easy because the others did not bam. Scribendo reponimus rem de qua always agree. The second, much longer, agitur. Vel ulciscar eos, vicissim eis gracommentary appeared first in 1607 under tiam referam, recitando poema meum, quo-

the new title : Commentationes, observationes, rum toties auditor fui. Turnebus Adversa-

et paralipomena. H. C. Heninius in his riorum, lib. 20, cap. 8. 438

JUVENALIS

Theseide Codri (1,2) Codrus hic fuit poeta Text. (p. 1) [Inc.|]: Semper ego auditor

humilis, qui tragoediam Thesei scripsit. tantum? numquamne reponam

Hie togatas (J,3).../.. .[£xpl.]: Coranum a

(XVI,54). Hunc ponit pro eo qui captatur [Expl.j: Satyra I. (p. 7) Quorum Falmiaemulatione, Horatius: Captatorque dabit nia tegitur cinis, atque Latina.

risus Nasica Corano (Serm. I1,57). Commentary (p. 8) [Inc.|]: Reponam. ScriPhaleris et torquibus (XVI,60). Phalerae bam. Scribendo reponimus rem de qua agi-

ornamenta militaria equorum.... Torques tur Horatius

significat circulum aureum colli ornamentum Scriptor honoratum si forte reponis Achilet summi pectoris. Propertius: Torguis ab lem. [Ars poetica 120].../...[Exzpl.]: (p. 440) incisa decidit unca gula (Eleg. IV (V),X,44). Phaleris et torquibus (XVI,60). ... Torques

Edition. significat circulum aureum colli ornamentum

(micro.) 1596, Basileae (Basel) : apud An- et summi pectoris. Propertius: Torquis ab

tonium Ravissam. NUC. BN; (NNC). incisa decidit unca gula. [IV (V),X,44]. Editions.

2. Commentationes, observationes, 1607, Parisiis (Paris): apud Robertum et paralipomena. Fouet. NUC. BM > (CtY ; ICU ;syW MH).

1614, Parisiis (Paris) apud Robertum Fo-

Dedication (ed. of 1607). QUlustrissimo viro et. With the commentaries of I. GranNicolao Brularto, domino Silleriensi, Vice- gaeus and, Domitius Calderinus ; each comcomiti Puisiensi, summo Galliarum procan- mentary has separate title-page and pagina-

cellario, et quaestori sacri palatii, Bernardus tion. NUC. BN; (CtY; Vil). Autumnus, D. D. D. [Inc.|]: Priscis littera- Biography: rum monumentis proditum legimus, vir See under Persius, above p. 299. clarissime, homines esse quosdam in Scy-

thia, qui unum tantum in media fronte ocu- 37c. THEODORUS MARCILIUus.

lum habent, Aramaspis nomen est. vee A fragmentary commentary on the fourth [BxplJ: ita ula ornamenta ordinum cae- Satyra is found in a Vatican manuscript of

terorum, aliae quippe dignitates assessorum the seventeenth century. It does not appear

solatia quaerunt : Tua vero dignitas consilia to have been published, and there is no

principi subministrat. . indication as to whether it was ever comQuis potior judex ? criticisve quis aptior pleted.

orbis ? | | [Inc.]: (Reg. lat. 1437, fol. 131) Ecce ite‘Vale. Lutetiae, Anno salutis 1607, rum Crispinus, et est mihi saepe vocandus

Cal. Aprilis. (IV,1) De Crispino glossae veteres quae eum Letter to Reader. Lectori Salutem, Ber- aiunt Neronis magistrum equitum fuisse.

nardus Autumnus. {Inc.] : Percunctanti quid Intellige Neroni Calvo (IV,38), scilicet Dode Juvenale sentiam, benevole lector, leoni mitiano. Temporibus huius Domitiani haec

similem esse aio, qui magnos habet oculos, satyra convenit ut et satyraI.../.. [Expl]: palpebrasque perexiguas, ut oculum non (fol. 139) anne aliud tunc praefecti? Praepossit penitus obtegere, ideo somni expers fecti urbici tunc nihil aliud quam villici. . . esse videtur. .f.. [Expl]: ego velut asym- (commentary breaks off here). bolus aliquid de meo adfero, idque per tuam Manuscript : aequitatem rogatus amico animo accipe. (micro.) Vatican, Reginensis lat. 1437,

Vale. | cart., s. XVII (French hand) fols. 131-139 (B. There follows a four-line poem by Ste- Montfaucon, Bibliotheca n. 1812 p. 54; phanus Paschasius and a ten-line poem by Kristeller, Iter 11,408). N. Richelet Parisiensis.

Title. (p. 1) Decii Junii Juvenalis Satyrae 38. EILHARDUS LUBINUS

ex manuscriptis restitutae et in eas com-

mentationes, observationes, et Paralipo- In addition to the long commentary mena Bernardi Autumni Nitiobrigis. published in 1603 (see Vol. 1,236-237), 439

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

Lubinus in 1602 published a shorter com- quibusdam commentariis nimis_ confidit, mentary in the form of a paraphrase. In non locis pluribus, toto coelo ab auctoris the dedicatory letter, he tells of his long mente aberrarit.... Nihil in tot a opera mihi interest in Juvenal. He had lectured on fuit antiquius quam omni verborum ambiJuvenal twice at the University of Rostock ; tu et pompa relegata, auctoris mentem verhe several times commented on him; and bis simplicissimis exprimere. . . .[Eapl.] : Ache had composed a scholastic paraphrase on cipe ergo munusculum hoc in se quidem leJuvenal eight years earlier which he hopes vidense et exiguum, et unde tamen si recte

soon to publish (apparently the commentary excutias illa haurire poteris, quibus et published in 1603). But he is publishing this linguam et pectus expolias. Salve et vale, shorter paraphrase partly because some are generose iuvenis, et haec tuere. Rostochii not pleased with the longer form but mainly Mense Quintili, Anno 1602. T. N. Studiosisbecause he has been distressed by the in- simus, Eilhardus Lubinus.

adequacy of the paraphrase of Cerutus Commentary. In Satyram I Ecphrasis. (see p. 437, above). Lubinus’ own purpose is [Inc.]: Itane vero ego semper aliorum poe-

to express the mind of Juvenal in the most tarum tantum auditor ero? Numquam ego

simple words. Juvenalis aliquid scribam, aliisque poetis

Dedication: (ed. of 1602) Virtute, doc- vicissim recitabo.../...[Ezpl.]: et insigtrina, genere vero nobili, Domino Ivoni nibus muneribus enitescat, et equorum orReventlovio, equiti Holsato, iuveni politissi- namentis et phaleris, et ac torquibus aumo, S. P. D. [Jnc.]: Inter omnes utriusque reis laetus gaudeat, et exultet. linguae auctores, juvenum nobilissime, et Finis Exphraseon in libros Satyrarum

ornatissime, illi potiores mihi semper visi, Juvenalis.

qui in hac scelerum inundatione et linguae Lubinus also added separate dedications morumque barbarie, lectores suos non doc- to each of Books II through V.

tiores solum, verum et meliores dimit- Dedication of Book II. Eximio et praetunt...De quo(se. Juvenali) quid alii claro iuveni, Domino Joanni Christophoro

sentiant, non inquiro. Ego sane eius exac- Harsdorffero, Patritio Noribergensi, amico tissimo poemate ita hactenus delector, ut meo carissimo, certissimo Salutem. [Jnc.]: non solum illud ad unguem edidicerim, in Quod Juvenalis noster in Satyra prima exhac Academia bis publice praelegerim, clamat, juvenis praestantissime, omne in iterato commentario aliquoties explicarim, praecipiti vitium stetit (Sat. 1,149).../... et scholastica paraphrasi iam ante octen- [Exzpl.]: hoc qualecumque munusculum ab nium a me adfecta illustrarim, verum etiam amico accipe, et pro tuo candore et nostra supplementi quasi loco breviorem Ecphra- amicitia bene consule, inque illa ad sa-

sin post omnia ipsi subjungam. pientiam et virtutem semita, quam feliciter

Quamvis autem in prolixiori mea scho- ingressus est persevera. Vale et me ama, lastica paraphrasi brevi etiam, volente Deo, haec tuere. MRostochii, mense Quinctili, publicanda, hunc poetam satis illustrasse anni 1602, T. studiosissimus Eilhardus Lu-

mihi videar, hanc tamen subjungere pla- binus. cuit, eo quod videam illam prolixam inter- Dedication of Book III. Eximiae ex-

pretandi rationem, qua in scholastica mea pectationis doctissimis iuvenibus Dominis paraphrasi insertis auctoris verbis uti con- Hermanno et Ioanni Wetkeniis, patritiis suevi, non aeque omnibus adprobari. Po- Hamburgensibus, auditoribus meis studiotissima autem hanc Ecphraseos editionem sissimis, amicis carissimis. [Znc.]: Quod Ju-

maturandi et praemittendi causa et ratio venalis Satyrarum libro tertio, de misera mihi oborta ex lectione paraphraseos Fe- et iniqua conditione virorum doctorum sua derici Ceruti Veronensis. Quem equidem aetate conqueritur.../...{Eapl.}: Qualeoptarim gravissimum hunc poetam dili- cumque tandem sit, vos ornatissimi fratres gentius prius excussisse et plenius cogno- boni consulite et tuemini. Vere et feliciter visse quam manum ipsi admoliretur. Vix valete. Rostochii, pridie Calendar. Au-

enim ulla Satyra in qua ille, dum barbaris gusti, anno 1602. . 440

JUVENALIS

Dedication of Book IV. Eximiae indolis cedat, voluntas, opinor, apud bonos sufet expectationis eruditissimo iuveni, Do- fecerit. siquidem est et in pictura vanitas, mino Petro, Petri senatoris Rostochiensis quam alio non invitus relegari patiar. bene meriti filio, Pedano amico certissimo, Commentary. Periphrasis prima. [Jne.]: salutem. [ZInc.]: Tria hominum genera esse, Haec igitur Periphrasis inter alias ut clarius

iuvenis doctissime, dicebat Hesiodus : unum pateat versus poetae e Satyra quinta in longe optimorum qui per se recta et honesta medium afferam.../...[Eazpl.}] sed hic iam

cognoscerent.. ./...[Ezpl.]}: Idque re et non sunt mihi ad manum. Ac volui in hac

opera te experturum recipio, ubi periculum parte seu gustatione experiri, ecquid posfeceris. Vale et fruere, et munusculum quale sem sine librorum adminiculo.

tandem sit, boni consule et tuere. T. studio- Edition: sissimus et amantissimus Ejilhardus Lubi- 1607, Parisiis (Paris): apud Robertum

nus. Fotiet. BM; (CtY ; MH). Dedication of Book V. Praeclarae indo- Biography :

lis et summae expectationis doctissimis See under Persius, above p. 309. juvenibus, dominis Bernhardo Clingio et

Joachimo Albino, amicis meis carissimis, 40. THoMAS FARNABY.

certissimis. [Znc.]: Crates Thebanus dicere

consuevit, politissimi iuvenes, si in quandam Thomas Farnaby published his first

Graeciae urbem veniret, se elata voce ex edition of Persius and Juvenal, with marginal editiori loco proclamaturum.../.. .[Ezpl.]: commentaries, in 1612. It was tremendously Hoc unicum reliquum est, et etiam atque popular well into the eighteenth century, etiam caveatis ne, cum nihil vobis desit, and there were at least 31 editions. vobismet ipsis defuisse videamini. Bene et Dedication (ed. of 1612). Ad _ illustrissifeliciter valete, et exiguum hoc munusculum mum D. D. Henricum magnae Brittaniae boni consulite. Rostochii, Calendis Augusti, principiem (sic). [Znec.] :

anni 1602, V. studiosissimus et amantissi- “Aototov pév bdwo, 6 dé

mus Eilhardus Lubinus. yovads aldduevoy xnvo

Edition: dte diangénet

1602, Rostochii (Rostock) : ex typographia yuxtl weydvooos &Eoya nrAovtov *

Stephani Myliandri. Eilhardi Lubini in (Pindar, Olymp. I,1-4)

D. Junii Juvenalis Satyrarum libros Ec- Quaenam haec Lyrici aqua optima? Phiphrasis succincta et perspicua. BN ; (CtY). losophia. Quisnam hic ignis rutilus? eadem

philosophia. .. ./.. .[Ezpl.] : studiis tuis dig-

39. STEPHANUS CLAVERIUS. num sit, quae ut feliciter succedant in

tuam, publicam, divinam gloriam, Deum In 1607 Stephanus Claverius published his opt. max. serio precor, cui principum reexplanations of what he called four enig- rumque publicarum salus semper curae.

matic circumlocutions (periphrases) of Ju- Cels. tuae officiose addictissimus, Thovenal ; he treated Satyra V,149-55 ; ITI,79 mas Farnaby. 80; 1,155-7; and III,90-96. After his own Ad _ lectorem. [Inc.}: Gravatim ista_ et commentary he printed explanations of timide emitto, cum infirmitatis meae, tum Satyra V,155 from Robertus Titius, Jo- ipsius inter manus vix nati operis non adulti sephus Scaliger, and Justus Lipsius. satis nec ad judicii solem excocti conscienDedicatory poem. (1607 ed.) Ad nobiliss. et tia deterritus.../...{Exzpl.]: tu, lector huornatissimum D. Nicolaum Balsacium S. mane, candore tuo, nigra quae fuerint, se-

Martini Praesulem. rena, atque ego si monstrosum ediderim

Dedication. Ad Nobiliss. et Ornatiss. D. foetum, tu bonus sis aruspex, et Vale. Nicolaum Balsacium. [Jne.]: Eritne semper There follows a Vita of Juvenal and an ut hominum natura ita se comparet, malis eight-line poem in Latin by Ben Jonson. ut gaudeat aut errare ac circumveniri sa- Commentary. [Ine.] : (p. 1) Satyra [titulus] tius ducat?.../...[Zazpl.]: qua si non suc- Poema varium. Nonnullis dicta a satyris, 441

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

quorum cachinnos et derisiones hoc carmi- Editions:

nis genus imitatur.../...[£apl.J: (p. 132 1614, Parisiis (Paris): apud Robertum

on XVIJI,60) Torquibus aureis, militaribus Foitiet. With the commentaries of B.

donis. Sen. De beneficits J,1,5 c. Autumnus and D. Calderinus. Each com-

Editions: mentary has separate titlepage and separate

See under Persius, above, p. 311-12. pagination. BM; BN; (CtY ; MH).

Biography : 1685, Ultrajecti (Utrecht): Rudolph a See under Persius above, p. 312. Zyll, ed. H. C. Henninius. The commentary 41. Isaac GRANGAEUS of Grangaeus is found complete in the notes

; attached to the text. NUC. BM; (CtY;

The commentary of Grangaeus was pub- MH). lished in 1614, along with those of B. Au- 1695, Ultrajecti (Utrecht); Rudolph a

tumnus and D. Calderinus. Zyll. Reprint of the 1685 edition. NUC. Dedication. (ed. of 1614) Ilustrissimo ac BM ; (CtY ; MH). generosissimo domino, D. Caesari Vindoci- Biography :

nio Vindocinensium Duci, Franciae pari, Isaac Grangaeus (Isaac de La Grange)

Armoricae proregi. [Znc.]: Tibi vitiorum flourished in the first part of the seventeenth victori, invictissime Caesar, victoriam de century. He was a professor at Vendéme,

ipsa victoria reportatam et triumphum de and he achieved some renown both as a triumpho triumphantem nuper obtuli.... French poet and dramatist and also as a Nunc iuveni, hoc est iuvandis Galliae rebus Latin scholar. aetati convenientissimae Juvenalem novis Works: In addition to his commentary illustratum commentariis devotus dedico... on Juvenal, he commented on Prudentius, /...{[Expl]: illumque tuo hospitio inter Librt duo adversus Symmachum, and he familias receperis, aeternum, illustrissime translated into French Tertullian, De palprinceps, tuum nomen in astra feremus. lio. Among his French writings are LamenEt nati natorum et qui nascentur ab tations sur la Mort de Henri le Grand and

illis. Le dedain amoureux, a pastoral translated

Lectori meo S.[Inc.]: Satyrici interpre- from Francesco Bracciolini.

tationem aggressurus non animo satyrico Bibl.: Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la certe, ut plerique nostri saeculi fecere et littérature frangaise, xvu1® siécle I1,1158-59, impraesentiarum faciunt. . ./. . .[Eapl.]: nos. 39227-39233 ; Dictionnaire des lettres quam olim in flumine vestigium cymbae. francgaises, xvul® siécle, ed. G. Grente (Pa-

Ideo potissimum ris, 1954) p. 570; Jécher, Allgemeines GeHaec tu nostra fave, et cave iuventus. lehrten-Lexicon VI (1787) 1579.

Merum mel tatet hic, et latet venenum,

Probis mel merum, at improbis vene- 42. NicoLtAus RIGALTIUS.

num.

There follows the royal privilege, a selec- The commentary of Nicolaus Rigaltius tion of Elogia, and De Satyra from Scaliger, was published at Paris in 1616 (for a pos-

Poetice. The text begins on p. 12. sible earlier edition, of 1613, see Doubtful Commentary. [Inc.|]: (p. 17) Semper ego editions, below).

auditor (I,1). Per indignationem haec. Nicolaus Rigaltius, De satira Juvenalis,

Tum quod malos poetas audiret, tum quod ad illustrissimum Iac. Aug. Thuanum. (ed. auditoris nomen et Graecorum dxpodpyata of 1616).3 At the end: Scribebam ad III saepissime in malam partem antiquis ac- Cal. Novembris 1615. cepta.../...[Ezpl.] : (p. 531) Phaleris et tor- There follow a Vita Juvenalis, Veterum qguibus omnes (XVI,60).... quod phalerae testimonia, the text of the Satyrae, and planae et magis jacentes, torques contortae, Sulpiciae Satyra.

ut et etymologia vocis tum Graecae tum Titulus (p. 106) Nicolai Rigaltii, ad JuLatinae claret. Vide praeterea, quae de venalem notae. [Inc.]: Rauci Theseide Codrt.

phaleris Marcillius ad Pers. Satyr. III. In quibusdam exemplaribus legitur Cordt. 442

JUVENALIS

Sed a Prisciano et Servio citatur Codrus, 43. DOUBTFUL COMMENTARIES. et est Graecum nomen.../...[Expl.] : (p. 120)

propter multitudinem vel tumultum festi- a) ARNOLDUS LUYDIUS DE TUNGRIS.

nantium, cum erat annus litium. Juvenalis, | . Expectandus erit etc. {XVI,42]. J. F. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, vol. I, Nicolaus Rigaltius, Notae aliquot repetitae 98 (Br uxellis, 1739) lists among the writings

lectionis. [Inc.]: (p. 121) Doctus et ad cal- of Luydius Commentaria in Jupenalem et

oevigilanti . , Carmina nonnulla, and he 1,57). declares that they cem stertere naso (Sat. Ci; are to be found in manuscript partly at tatur ab Acrone ad illud Horatii Carmen , Tongern and partly at Cologne. On Luydius

ITI, od. 6.. ./. - Qualia demens Aegy ptus and on these commentaries, see also D. portent a colat. Lucianus, De , sacri} felts Reichling, Johannes Murmellius (Freiburg i. [14] iv 0° etc THY Atyontov EAOnc, nat Br., 1880) p. 22 with n.3 and E. Bocking, ed. ugoxddethoy Eregov wat mLOnxoy etc. Ulrichi Hutteni operum supplementum Tomi

Edition : posterioris Pars prior (1869, reprint, Osna-

1616, Lutetiae (Paris): ex officina Ro- brick, 1966) 490 s.v. Tungris. It does not berti Stephani. NUC; A. A. Renouard, An- appear that the manuscripts referred to by nales de UVimprimerie des Estienne 1,202. Foppens have yet been discovered. (We are

BM ; BN; (CtY ; MH). indebted for this information to Mr. H.

Doubtful edition: Wohlmuth of Chicago).

1613. Lutetiae (Paris): ex officina Ro-

berti Stephani. Ruperti, Vol. I, p. cxxiv. b) HapRIANUS JUNIUS. Biography:

Nicolaus Rigaltius (Nicolas Rigault) was Christopher Henninius in his great Va-

born in Paris in 1571 and died in Toul in riorum edition of the Satyrae (1685, Utrecht ; 1654. He was the son of a doctor and began reprinted 1695) argues on p. 679, unnumb.,

his studies with the Jesuits. Later he be- that Hadrianus Junius wrote a commentary came a lawyer, but his interests appear to on the Satyrae and that it is to be identified have remained scholarly. He aided Casau- with the marginal notes found in the edition bon in bringing order into the Bibliotheque of Theodorus Pulmannus of 1565 (see Vol. I,

Royale and became its Librarian. In 1613 234-35). Henninius relies partly on the he was appointed Parlement Councillor at statement of thanks found in Pulmannus’ Metz and eventually became Intendant of Preface :... Neque sane, quod primo loco

the territory of Metz. dicendum erat, Hadr. Junius, homo et eruWorks: He edited and commented upon ditione, et in communicando sua alacritate a large number of classical and patristic prope singulari praeditus, parum heic mihi authors, including Arnobius, Commodia- adiumenti attulit. Nam ex manuscripto nus, Cyprian, Menander, Minucius Felix, codice suo quem cum vulgata editione conOnosander, Phaedrus, and Tertullian. He tulerat, lectionis varietates comprobavit, also wrote a military glossary, Glossarium et loca paulo impeditiora brevibus scholiis

taxtixov ptsopagBagory and an _ often enodate explicuit, quae omnia, qua fide

reprinted satire, Funus parasiticum. Fora accepi, eadem in lucem dedi. MHenninius full listing of his works, see the BM and the also notes that in the Annotationes of Pul-

BN catalogues. mannus certain comments are attributed Bibl.: Cioranesco, Bibliographie de la to Junius and that these same comments

littérature francaise du seiziéme siécle, no. are also found in the marginal notes printed 21119, 21121; Cioranescu, Bibliographie de in the 1565 and later editions. la littérature francaise du six-septieme siécle Henninius’ reasoning is plausible, but the no. 11111-2; 40675; 50176; Jécher, Allge- marginal notes to which he refers are those meines Gelehrten-Lexicon I11(1751) 2097 ; attributed to Caelius Secundus Curio, first Zedler, Grosses volistdndiges Universal-Lex- printed in 1528 (see Volume [,232-34).

icon XXXI (1742) 1604-05. As to why they are attributed to Junius in

443

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

the Annotationes of Pulmannus, one can Additional manuscripts of commentaries only conjecture that Junius had passed them described in v. I. on without identifying them as Curio’s 1. ‘Cornutus’ C (v. 1,185-86) when he send Pulmannus his list of variant A dd to the list of manus cripts :

readings. Hence if Junius did an independ- Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, cod. ene commenvary of his own, it has not yet Acquisti e Doni 123, cart. s. XV, fols. 1-

; 117v. (Kristeller,[Inc.]: Zter I,101). Semper (Sat. I,1) Bene sic ipse

c) Janus Dovsa. poeta a redargutione poetarum scribere in.

- ek. wo. cipit, cum, per, hoc ostendat quod nulli par-

G. E. Ruperti in his edition of the Satfyrae te t parcere) “d ebeat, et sci en dum est quo q (1825, Glasgow. v. I, exlvi) lis ts among the mos est, satyricis,ut ab indignatione inci-

Inedita: Jani Dousae Praecidanea in Ju- piant. . " . [Expl] : (Sat. XV,174) non omvenalem, quae ubi latent, non habeo di- ne legumen cum ab omnibus animantibus cere. Ruperti does not indicate the source abstinet ; a faba etiam abstinuit propter of his information, and we have found no gur gulios quos generat. trace of the Praecidanea. On Janus Dousa the Elder see above p. 329 ; on Janus Dousa 2. More omnium satiricorum ex abrupto

Filius, see p. 333. incipif. .. (v. 1,188-92)

Add to the list of manuscripts :

d) JOHANNES TORNORUPAEUS. New York, Columbia University Library, ms. Plimpton 119. cart., misc. s. XV, fols.

The Dictionnaires des lettres francaises, 1-73. Written in Italy. The manuscript

XVII° siécle, ed. G. Grente (Paris, 1954) was Phillipps 3378, from S. Michele di Mup. 984 lists an undated edition of the com- rano, cod. 23. (De Ricci, Census II, p. 1773; mentaries of Tornorupaeus on the basis of Mittarelli, col. 433 ; 556-57 ; 869 ; 871). earlier biobibliographical works, but no copy of the edition or of the Juvenal com- 18. Omnibonus Leonicenus (v. 1,208)

mentary has been located. For the Persius ’ commentary, see above p. 302. Add to the list of manuscripts :

(micro.) Naples, Biblioteca nazionale, V D 16.

e) A LOST MANUSCRIPT COMMENTARY. a. 1465, fols. 1-121v. (Kristeller, Iter I,400). (micro.) — — V D 27, fols. 1-136v. (Kris-

Amanuscript commentary on Juvenal was teller, Iter 1,400) contained in a fifteenth-century miscellaneous (micro.) Rome, Biblioteca nazionale, cod.

manuscript, mostly of works by Giovacchino Vittorio Emanuele 1415, cart., s. XV, Castiglioni, which in the late eighteenth fols. 5-197v. At the end (fol. 197v): Si-

century belonged to the Dominicans in mon Martinotius scripsit et explevit die

Asti; later it was kept as codice Cibrario at 14a Decembris 1459 die Veneris in aurora the Archivio di Stato in Milan and was lost circa horam 15am. The year 1459 may have

during World War II. been added by a later hand. The eighteenth-century description gives

only the title and the Incipit: 22. Baptista Guarinus. II. Commentary Breve commentum super aliquas Juvena- based on Baptista Guarinus’ lectures (v. I,

lis Satyras. Cum luxuriantur homines in 213-14)

scribendis libris, ego semper tacebo et nil Add to the list of manuscripts :

scribam ? Padova, Museo Civico, cod. CM 89, s. XV, Bibl.: T. Verani, “Notizie del P. M. Gio- pp. 1-212. (Kristeller, Zter 11,20). The main

vacchino Castiglioni Milanese dell’Ordine commentary begins on p. 2. A _ notable de’ PP. Predicatori tratte da due codici del feature of the manuscript is that a second secolo xv” Nuovo Giornale de’ Letterati slightly later hand (s. XVI inc.?) made d’ Italia 43 (Modena, 1790) 74-176 at p. 158. numerous additions in the margins. 444

LIVIUS

[Inc.]: (p. 2) Priusquam voluminis huius 4. Wapp. Résumé in Dissertation Abstracts 26

attingatur (sic. Supply: expositio) ex prin- ~ (1965) p. 1638. Dissertation available in cipio necessario nonnulla praescienda ac microfilm. Barnett edits the commentary advertenda videntur. . ./. . .[Expl.] : (p. 212) from Bern 666 and A 61. et magna est laus imperatoris si sui milites 206b, line 35. Add: Kristeller, Iter 11,64 ; sunt bene ornati propter merita sua. Nam S. Ferri, Studi italiani di filologia classica

°.¢9.*=.

iudicium est quod sui milites sunt fortissimi aan onan ein a og on Sat. LIV. 48

cum totiens meruerint praemia. 215a, line 10 f. Colifium est panis aziSmaller addenda and corrigenda. mus prout nos dicimus lazimelle, et sunt

Vol. 1,176a, note 1. Add: See also U. rotundae, quas nostri villici faciunt in nupKnoche, Handschriftliche Grundlagen des tiis hac tempestate. Juvenaltextes (Philologus. Supplementband 215a, line 17 Read: [Jne.] Reponere. AXXIII,1 Leipzig, 1940). Contains a list- Vicissim referre... ing of Juvenal manuscripts and valuable 2i5a, line 19 Read: [Expil.]: (IV 48) Alinformation on the commentary tradition. gae.

See also B. B. Boyer “Traces of an Insular 215a, line 20: Add:

Tradition in the Ancient Scholia of Juvenal” Bibl.: Giovanni Vignuolo, ‘Note inedite Classical Philology XXIX (1934) 240-50. di Francesco Filelfo a Giovenale (Sat. I-IV)’ 183b line 34. Add: Another example of Studia Picena XLII (1975) (forth-coming). Cornutus B may be found in Ms. 9973 of We are indebted to Professor Vignuolo for the Bibliotheque Royale at Brussels. The the above corrections and additions.

manuscript is early eleventh, or possibly 219b, line 17. Add: See A. J. Dunston, late tenth century; the commentary is “Studies in Domizio Calderini” Italia Meincomplete at the end of Satyra XIV and dioevale e Umanistica XI (1968) 71-150 at

lacks Satyrae XV-XVI(P. Thomas, Cat- 124-27. alogue des manuscrits des classiques latins 221a, line 37. Insert: A. J. Dunston, p. 46 no. 136) We are indebted for this “Studies in Domizio Calderini” Italia Meinformation to H. Silvestre (see Revue d’ His- dioevale e Umanistica XI (1968) 71-150.

foire Ecclésiastique LVI 1961, 482). 224a, line 42. Add: On the edition of

190b, line 28. After s. XV., add: fols. 1486, see W. S. Anderson, “Valla, Juvenal, 111-177v. The beginning is fragmentary ; and Probus” Traditio XXI (1965) 393-424. the commentary ends: per hoc ornamentum 228a, line 47-50 Orationes. .. . Hain 7227). militis intellige. P. O. Kristeller has exami- Delete and substitute : Orationes [Florence,

ned the manuscript. Bartolommeo de’ Libri, c. 1490] = Hain 196a, line 18. Add : See also R. J. Barnett, 7227. We are indebted for this correction Jr., An anonymous medieval commentary on to Dott. Stefano Zamponi of Pistoia and Juvenal, Diss. U. of North Carolina, 201 Alison M. Gee of the British Museum.

LIVIUS, TITUS. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. by A. H. McDONALD (Clare College)

The Addenda et corrigenda are arranged Nicholas Trevet, c) a new commentary, by in the order of the original article (Vol. II, Janus Parrhasius. 331-48) ; they include a) a number of smail

additions and corrections, b) the discussion Vol. II 334a line 39. The Braxton Ross of a new manuscript commentary attributed article appeared in Speculum 45 (1970) to Paulus Spira but actually part of that of 533-63. 445

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

Add: R. R. Bolgar, (ed.) Classical In- (as yet) unknown. The MS. was reported fluences on European Culture, A.D. 500- at Murano in 1779, entered Phillipps’ 1500 (Cambridge, 1971) 57-66 (Billanovich), possession, and was purchased in 1895 by

119-28 (E. J. Kenney). the Kgl. Bibliothek, Berlin.

R. Weiss, The Renaissance Discovery Titulus. Expositio Domini Pauli Spira

of Classical Antiquity (Oxford, 1969, repr. (sic) de Colonia super Titum Livium Pata-

1973) 16-58. vinum, Et primo super proemium decca-

334b line 42. Add: See also p. 341b Titus dis I ab urbe condita (in rasura). Livius ab urbe condita 1,1-9 ed. Curt The original heading can be traced only in J. Wittlin : he edits the comparative its first and last words: Expositio. . . le-

versions of Livy by (i) Bersuire in gant. Finis. The present heading was

French, (ii) an anonymous Catalan, substituted presumably to give a name to (iii) Pero Ldépez in Spanish, (iv) an the anonymous commentator. It is written anonymous Italian, and summaries in a humanistic cursive hand that may be by (v) Henri Romain de Tournai in dated to the second half, or even the last French, (vi) Rodrigo Alfonso de Pi- quarter, of the fifteenth century, possibly mental in Spanish, closing with the in north-eastern Italy. The main text of the (modernised) Scottish version of John MS. is in fifteenth-century script of a type

" _Bellenden (1533). that is difficult to date more precisely ; it

335a line 35. Add: Albinia de la Mare, was presumably written in Italy, conceivably

“Florentine Manuscripts of Livy in by a non-Italian scribe. As regards the the Fifteenth Century,” in T. A. Dorey paper, there are two watermarks (triple (ed.), Livy (London, 1971) 177-99. mounts), neither strictly identifiable, though 336a line 12. On Jacobus de Cruce, see one is fairly close to Briquet no 11728 (used

above p. 354-55. in Venice in 1443) (I am indebted here to

337b line 28. Add: J. H. Whitfield, “Ma- Dr. Tilo Brandis and Dr. Ziesche in West chiavelli’s Use of Livy” in T. A. Berlin for information about the MS. and to

Dorey (ed.), op. cit. 73-96. Albinia de la Mare of the Bodleian Library

338a line 42. Add: B. Doer, “Livy and the for advice on the script and watermarks. Germans,” in T. A. Dorey (ed.), op. I have studied the text in microfilm).

cif. 105-110. [Inc.] Facturus (Praefatio, 1). Istum Li-

339b line 49. Add: Note Ms. Milan, Bib- vium (al’ Titum Livium) virum eloquentissilioteca Ambrosiana J 29 inf., misc. mum fuisse Beatus Hieronymus in Epistola

s. XVI, containing, De regibus Ro- ad Paulinum testatur de eo sic scribens ; manis, in Livium comment.: an ‘Ad Titum Livium lacteo eloquentiae fonanonymous critical essay based on Li- te...’. Hunc Titum libri huius qui est de vy Book I. Cf. Kristeller, Jter I, 294. gestis Romanorum sive de rebus Romanis, auctorem designat titulus hic praescriptus.

341a line 41. Add: Distinxit autem hunc librum in duas par(micro.) Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, Stiftung tes, quarum prima dicitur ‘ab urbe condiPreussischer Kulturbesitz (West Berlin), ms. ta’ ut ex titulo patet, secunda ‘de bello lat. fol. 570 (formerly Phillipps 304 and 177), Punico,’ utraque vero pars in decem libros

cart. s. XV, 2 coll., 144 fols. J. B. Mittarel- distenditur. Primae vero parti quae est de lius, Bibliotheca codicum mss. Monasterit re Romana ab urbe condita praemittit proS. Michaelis Venetiarum prope Murianum logum, in quo more prohemiali tria facit. . .

col. 1072, cod. 890. I am indebted to /...[Expl.]: (ad IV,61,11). .in Volsco agro Professor P. QO. Kristeller for calling the est dictum, non fuerat Veientium.

manuscript to my attention. (colophon) Expositio rubricae quae hic in A fifteenth-century copy of Trevet’s com- fine ponitur patet supra in fine libritertii. Deo

mentary on Livy, Books I-IV, attributed in gratias. Explicit liber quartus (Cf. III ad the latter part of the fifteenth century to fin.) : Titi Livii in hac rubrica innuitur duos Paulus Spira de Colonia, who is otherwise fuisse correctores huius libri quarum unus 446

LIVIUS

fuit Nicomachus Dexter vir consularis et ornamentation except plain capitals openalius Victorianus vir consularis qui ad roga- ing each annual section, the MS. is a scholar’s tionem quorundam dominorum de familia copy, which would have limited circulation.

Symacorum emendarunt. Certainly a copy containing its revised head-

The Incipit may be compared with that of ings and the attribution would be almost Nicholas Trevet (see Vol. II, p. 340b) which unique. Mittarelli’s report from Murano is

is represented by mss. Paris, BN lat 5745, therefore significant in completing the

s. XIV and Lisbon, BN Wlum 134 s. XV, circumstantial evidence : the case stands for along with Landolfo Colonna’s marginal identifying the Berlin MS. with that which notes in Paris BN lat. 5690, ann. 1328-29. belonged to the old library of S. Michele di They agree not only in defining Livy’s work Murano. The MS. did not come directly to solely in terms of Decades I and III: they Berlin from Murano. It came via the Phillipps also correspond verbatim (but Inc. ad fin. collection (lot 587 in the sale of 1895), but read: distenditur. Primae vero parti quae — as Dr. A. N. L. Munby kindly informs est de re Romana, in both Paris and Lisbon me -—— there is no reference to any former MSS). We may add from the commentary owner : its early number sets it among items

ad I,1,1. that were bought singly from booksellers.

fam primum omnium satis constat. Ex- Finally, who was Dominus Paulus Spira pleto prohemio scripturus auctor res ges- de Colonia? Apparently a German cleric tas ab urbe condita ut convenientius ad (Paul Speyer?) from Cologne. Pressing the Romulum a quo urbs condita et nuncupa- local association of the MS with Murano one

ta est, omissis progenitoribus Latini(s), might guess that a fifteenth-century scholar Jano Saturno Pico et Fauno, quia circa eos used it there in studying Trevet and the multa fabulose conficta sunt. Ut praemisit later annotator falsely attributed the text (ms. promisit) in prologo ab Enea et Latino to him; thus the name of Paulus Spira rege orditur historiam ostendens quomodo should be sought in the archives of North Eneas de captivitate Troiae evasit, secundo Italy as well as on the Rhine. So far — and quomodo cum Latino rege foedus iniit, ibi [ am indebted to Professor Billanovich in Ibique egressi (1,1,5), tertio quomodo de Milan and Professor A. Sottili in Cologne for

eorum stirpe Romulus descendit, ibi Non- their active advice —-the name has not

dum maturus (1I,3,1). yet appeared. But we must not isolate

This passage is quoted from the Paris Murano. The annotator could have adduced MS. by Wittlin, op. cit. 2, from the Lisbon the name of a fourteenth-century scholar MS. by Ruth J. Dean, Medievalia et Hu- who was still known in North Italy for his manistica 3 (1945) 89 ; the scribal differences interest in systematic commentaries like

are insignificant. All three MSS. agree those of Trevet. Miss Ruth Dean recalls verbatim in transmitting this typical piece that Trevet spent some time in Italy beof exegesis. So much in illustration; in fore, and perhaps after, he wrote his Boefact we find that they correspond in similar thius commentary in Florence in 1304, and

fashion throughout their text of Trevet’s that he wrote a letter of dedication to a commentary on Livy Books I-IV. ‘Paulus amicus suus,’ as his former teacher Trevet’s textual Fortuna has suffered from and now friend and senior colleague (Sludies

anonymity. The fourteenth-century Paris in Philology LXIII (1966) 593-603; cf. MS. remained anonymous; the fifteenth- Kristeller, Iter 1,278). Thus we have a

century MSS. were subsequently attributed, ‘Paulus’ without reference to surname or the Lisbon MS. happily to Trevet himself, the place of origin, who taught Trevet, preBerlin MS. falsely to Paulus Spira de Co- sumably in the West, and was now establish-

lonia. In the last-named MS. the main ed in North Italy — possibly to be remem-

text (we may recall) was presumably written bered by a Venetian scholar even if he did

in Italy, while the attribution itself could not recognize a work of Trevet. So much have been made in north-eastern Italy. for speculation, at a far cry from any identiWritten on paper with little style and no fication of our Paulus Spira de Colonia. 447

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

342a lines 26-30. Replace with the fol- donicum frequenti professus auditorio, sinlowing : Trevet wrote three historical gulis lectionibus emendavi. . . ostendique works, no one of which is a translation certissimis argumentis, ab eo, quam dixi

of one of the others. Two are in Decada depravatam locis amplius mille. Latin : Historia ab orbe condito begins Veritus itaque ne sua laniena per nos in luwith Creation, ends with the birth of cem proderetur, editione praevenire festina-

Christ, and includes material from vit...cum praesertim nusquam ille po-

Livy; Annales sex regum Angliae tuerit afferre correctionis alienae rationem, covers the reigns from Stephen to quod nos inter legendum fecimus, proximaEdward I. The third, in Anglo-Nor- que foetura faciemus, quae propediem sub man, was written for Princess Mary tuis auspiciis exibit in publicum, sex in of Woodstock ; it is called simply toto Livio vulnerum fere millibus a me cu-

Chronicles in the rubrics and is a ratis aut splenio contectis.” (For a fuller universal history from Creation til] citation of the Preface, see above under late in Trevet’s own life ; it mentions Claudianus p. 165). the length of the reign of Pope John Such was the situation towards the end of XXII, from which we conclude that 1505. Parrhasius’ promise involved (i) his

he was still working on it in 1334, lecture notes on the ‘bellum Macedonialthough events in the closing pages cum,’ that is (strictly speaking) Books do not extend quite to that date (I XXXI-XXXII, since Book XXXIII was

am indebted to Ruth J. Dean, of the then unknown, and (ii) further readings ‘in University of Pennsylvania, for this toto Livio,’ presumably by critical review

information on Trevet). of Minutianus’ edition. But in 1506 Parrhasius left Milan, almost certainly before he

342b line 47. Add: had time to complete and publish the work. 1a. AuLus Janus PARRHASIUS The change of circumstances might well have led him to put it aside ; there is no evidence

The question here is whether or not Par- — as yet-—for its appearance in print. rhasius actually published the commentary With regard to the material we have to on Livy which he promised Jaffredus Caro- follow his books and manuscripts to Nalus at Milan in 1505. The evidence is as ples, where two relevant MSS. can be studied

follows. (I am grateful to Professor F. E. Cranz for In 1495 at Milan Alexander Minutianus his encouragement along this fresh line of

published an edition of Livy (see Vol. II, enquiry).

336b and note 32). From 1499-1506 Parr- Biblioteca Nazionale, V D 15, cart. mise. s. hasius was in Milan ; in 1501 he edited Clau- XVI in. (Kristeller, Iter 1,415b). The MS.

dian, De raptu Proserpinae, with com- is probably autograph: see Mostra di codici

mentary (see Claudian p. 164, above) ; then autografici (Modena, 1932) p. 92, note 198.

he lectured on Livy, apparently criticizing It contains ‘Janus Parrhasius, orationes’ Minutianus’ text. In 1505 Minutianus with corrections by the same hand, and the published a revised edition of his Livy text, inventory mentions a preface to Livy. notably better, and dedicated it to Jaffre- Among the ‘orationes’ we find ‘In Minu-

dus Carolus. Later in 1505 Parrhasius tianum’ and ‘ad senatum Mediolanen-

published an enlarged edition of his Clau- sium,’ that is personal records of the period dian, De raptu Proserpinae, also dedicated to in Milan.

Jaffredus Carolus, and in the dedicatory The second MS. (V.D.12) contains not letter he accused Minutianus of plagiarizing only a commentary on Livy, Books XXXIhis Livius corrections, as far as was possible XXXII but also one on Florus’ Epitome,

from his Jectures: “Castigationes in Livium ‘usque ad bellum Spartacium.’ The part meas ex magna parte subripere tibique treating Livy is no simple exegesis of the nuncupatim dicare non erubuit... Ego, vir narrative but a_=scholar’s commentary, integerrime, triennio jam Livii bellum Mace- systematic and stylish, applying the geo448

MARTIANUS CAPELLA

graphical and antiquarian learning and Samum (22,7) Corrigo Sunium quod Atliterary method of the period (cf. R. Weiss, ticae promontorium oppidumque contribuit

op. cif). We need not doubt that the com- Aphes Dyonysius Pausanias et Vettius.... mentator is Parrhasius himself. The draft (with details)...

was presumably begun at Milan but laid Munus gladiatorium (50,4) Qui Mantineam aside on his departure. What we find in colunt Arcades post hominum memoriam the Naples MS. represents all that Parrha- primi gladiatores exhibuerunt, quos Cysius could do towards fulfilling his promise renaei sequuti sunt....(XXXII, f. 48v):

to Jaffredus Carolus. Huius ab u. c. trigesimi ii voluminis haec est Titulus. In primum de bello Macedonico. summa. Sortitio provinciarum, diversis {Ine.]: Philippus Demetrii f. Antigoni ne- ex locis nuntiata prodigia. .. (as Pertocha pos, eius cui Gonatae cognomentum fuit, XXXII)... urbes in Macedonia vi captae. i.e. geniculoso, cum videret Anibalem feli- Idibus Martiis (XX XII,1,1): nam eo die citer in Italia res gerentem (XXIII) legatos tum consulatus inibatur ut Livius supraad ineundam cum eo societatem misit.... dixit (XXXI5 2) et nos illic oportuit.

(XXXI) Senatus iniuriam pro tempore [Expl.j: (ad XXXII,21,23) Cyparisssiae

dissimulavit, demum Punicis fractis opibus ete.: Cyparissi quae Phocidis urbs, Eranos anno ab u.c. quingentesimo xl (200 B.C.) olim vocabulum deinde Cyparissus. . . (deri-

P. Sulpitio Galbae consuli decernit exer- vation of name)... Haec in Homerum

citum provinciamque Macedoniam. ... (XL) (Il. II, 593) Didymus Stephanusque (SteId quod adulescenti (sc. Demetrio) necem phanus has ‘oppidum Messenae’ rightly

maturavit, a Perseo fratre apud patrem here).

insimilato quasi Romanorum rebus stude- Manuscript: ret eorumque favore elatus etiam per parri- (micro.) Naples Biblioteca Nazionale, cidium iter ad regnum affectaret. Haec his V.D.12 cart., misc. s. XVI in. Janus Parrnovem libris a Livio oratorie copioseque nar- hasius in Ciceronis Paradoxa adnotationes ;

rantur, a nobis explicandis. commentarii in Livii libros de bello Mace-

Me quoque iuvat (XXXI,1,1) Benevolen- donico et in Florum. Antonii Seripandi ex tiam captat a persona sua, dum monstrat Iano Parrhasii testamento. (Kristeller, Iter quantum laboris exhauserit in hoc hones- I, 400 b). tissimo multumque pro futuro scribendi stu- Biography :

dio.... See above under Caesar p. 104. MARTIANUS CAPELLA. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA by CORA E. LUTZ (Beinecke Library, YaJe University),

with a note by JOHN J. CONTRENI (Purdue University)

14a. JOANNES RHAGIUS AESTICAM- published the commentary which he

PIANUS (on Book III, only)* says he composed at Frankfurt on the

. . . Oder in 1502. In it he omits the al-

hon ; eee Gram pur shee hes legorical background and at the end

eamion ° ee Mrammalica tors adds two large topics from Donatus that

two nephews. The following year he were not treated by Martianus Capella.

* I am grateful to Dr. Emilie Boer (East Ber- Although he promised commentaries lin) for calling my attention to this commentary on other books of the De Nuptiis, they

and for helping me locate copies of it. never appeared.

449

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES I AND II

Dedicatory epistle to his two nephews. Ergo brevi vades ne te via longa moretur Facturum me, Nepotes dulcissimi, rem et Calle per hunc petulans ire Capella vobis iucundam et ceteris quoque iuvenibus solet, pergratam arbitror, si et obscuritatem et Cuius hic interpres vepreta recondita pur-

leiunitatem Capellae nostri quibusdam in gat.

locis quam brevissimis tum Graecorum tum Falce nova tritam te iubet ire viam Latinorum uocabulorum annotamentis, Et cum _ Lusatiis penetrare nepotibus

ita ut quaeque mihi notatu digna occurret, arces obiter illustrem ac paululum exatiem quo Quas et sex comites Philologia colit. et vobis familiarior et aliis etiam legentibus Edition:

gratior esse possit. Hanc itaque vobis 1508, Frankfort on the Oder: Nicolaus

operam ut ipsius quoque authoris enarra- Lamperter and Balthasar Murrer. Fabricius tionem et navo diligenter et dico studiose. Bibliotheca Latina, VI.201. Bayerische

Valete.+ Staatsbibliothek, Sdchsische LandsbiblioCommentary. Commentarii Johannis Rha- thek.

gii Aesticampiani Rhetoris et Poetae Lau- Biography: reati in Grammaticam Martiani Capellae Johannes Rhagius Aesticampianus Lu-

et Donati figuras. [Inc.]: Littera est mini- satus (Johannes Rack) was born in Sommerma pars vocis compositae, vel est vox quae feld in Lower Lusatia in 1457. He studied

scribi potest individua. Dicta littera quasi in Cracow under Conrad Celtes, then in legittera, vel a lituris, et est nota elementi Vienna in 1499, in Bologna as a pupil of quod est ipsa pronunciatio. Dicuntur autem Philip Beroaldus, and finally in Rome litterae elementa ad similitudinem mundi where he was crowned poet laureate by

elementorum..../...[Expl.]: Hos autem Pope Alexander VI. His teaching career nostros, Nepotes optimi, in Martianum com- included posts at universities and schools in mentarios in Donatumque annotamenta ut Basel, Augsburg, Strassburg, Mainz, Frankquaedam non protrita vestrorum studiorum fort on the Oder, Leipzig, Freiburg, Cologne,

rudimenta a me accipite et discite, ut fa- and Wittenberg. His death occurred in 1520 citis studiose et in alias quoque eiusdem and he was buried in Wittenberg. authoris artes, dum et mens tranquillior et Works: He edited Petrus Helias, Gramstatus erit quietior et Deus quoque adiuve- matica, with a commentary (1499); Psrit lucubrationes meas sumendas_ vobis Cebes, Tabula (1507); Martianus Capella, persuadete. Finis. Pierius Ioannis Aesticam- De Grammatica (1507); St. Jerome, Septem

piani grex ad Nepotes Epistolae (1508); Pliny, Epistola ad VesSi quis Lusatii roget Nepotes pasianum (1508) ; Tacitus, Germania (1509) ; Quo vel tempore vel loco recentes Martianus Capella, De Rhetorica (1509) ; Commentariolos Afri Capellae Cicero, De Oratore (1515); St. Augustine,

Donatique bonas notas periti, Libellus de vita Christiana (1518). His Noster cuderit Aesticampianus original works are: Carmina, Strassburg, Quadragesima cum peracta messis 1502 ; Epigrammata, Leipzig, 1507 ; Modus

Et lustri spacium fuisset unum epistolandi, Vienna, 1519; Hymnus tn lauIlli piscifera moranti in urbe dem divae Barbarae, no date or place given. Quam velox QOdere latex pererrat.... Bibl.: J. A. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina

Vos ad Lusatios redite fines Mediae et Infimae Aetatis VI (Hamburg,

Nec firmi comites nec expediti 1736), 198-202 ; C. Manlius, Lusatiae Liber Et cum Grammatica valete vestra. VII De viris illustribus, in C. G. Hoffmann, Nos sectabimur Aesticampianum Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum, I (Leipzig,

Quo vel fata vocent Deus vel author 1719) 434-436 ; Neue Deutsche Biographie I Vel fors hac melior schola vel urbe. (1953) 92-93 (H. Grimm) ; K. Schottenloher,

Eiusdem ad Lectorem Bibliographie zur deutschen Geschichte un Lector si quaeris quare sit trita Capellae Zeitalter der Glaubensspaltung, I (1956) nos.

Semita non ullis tacta prius pedibus.... 96-103; VII (1966) *52225.

450

MARTIANUS CAPELLA

G. Bauch, “Johannes Rhagius Aesticampi- could have commented on Capella. Second-

anus,” Archiv fiir Litteraturgeschichfe, XII ly, although Heiric was the master, or at (1884), 321-370; C. E. Lutz, “Aesticampianus’ least one of the masters, of Remigius of Commentary on the De Grammatica of Auxerre, no evidence exists to indicate that Martianus Capella,” Renaissance Quarterly Remigius was a disciple of Martin.

26 (1973), 157-166. The article next attempted to eliminate vol. II,370a, line 15, add: the candidacy of Heiric by an appeal to a

Paris, Bibliothéque Nationale, lat. 12960, text whose attribution to Heiric the author s. X, from Corbie. fols. 25-30v (Delisle, admitted was doubtful (pp. 442-443).