Минеральные ресурсы мира на начало 1999 г.
Предлагаемый Вашему вниманию справочник посвящен анализу состояния (на 01.01.99 г.) и прогнозу развития мировой минераль
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«
1999 .»
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.
.
; . ,
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,
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. . ,
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, .( ). [46, .118; 140, .155; 170, .58]. –8 . ,
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, . (
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-
. , «
22
–
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,
–
.
,
[140, .150]. :
(
)
(
-
),
.559]; 490 [156, .56]; 300 [46, .68],
-
360
[46,
, , ,
,
-
. .
62.7 ,
. .
2223
-
,
1191, 45% [27, .14; 38, .39].
80% .
(11)
(140)
. – 68.7%; (2.4%), ( 0.1%.
(7.6%), .
(1%)
1992 ., 1.01.1999 .
10.3%,
–
(9.1%), (2.1%), ),
(9%), ,
13%.
17.3%
–
[38, .40]. ,
–
10%, 100 [27, .16-17]. (
,
– 91.1%, (94.5%) ,
84.4%), (91.9%).
– 88.5%,
–
,
-
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(
». »,
)
,
-
, ,
,
. -
. ,
, 30
.
,
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,
,
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, , ,
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23
«
,
680
(
1999 .»
.1.3).
-
. 1.3 (
Saudi Arabian Oil Co. Iraq National Oil Co. Kuwait Petroleum Corp. Abu Dhabi National Oil Corp. National Iranian Oil Co. Petroleos de Venezuela National Oil Corp. ( ) Petroleos Mexicanos China National Petroleum Co. Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. » » Petrolio Brasileiro Royal Dutch/Shell Sonatrach ( ) BP Amoco ( ) Exxon Corp. ( ) Sonangol Ministry of Petroleum Minerals ( Pertamina ( )
)
1.01.1999 35479 13558 12877 12630 12722 10425 4041 3890 3288 3082 2360 2222 2000 1374 1260 1000 851 741 736 682
)
1.01.1998 35479 15411 12877 12630 12877 9818 4041 6551 3288 2299 1680 2222 973 1326 1260 846 741 724 682
: [166, .56; 182, .68; 185, .23]
– 16-
. , -
– . : Mobil – 78%, Chevron – 75.5%, Exxon – 62.3%, Texaco – 48.9%
. : ,
, ,
«
». « «
»
». « [34, .45], [31, .9].
– 0.4 1.5 . , Miller & Lents, .1.2 « ».
»,
2.22
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. -
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.
, , «
«
»
(227
«
» (461
). ,
, «
[34, .45]. »
2.36
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),
», , 2.9
24
,
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»
«
1999 .»
, 182 (
, 1998 .
.),
1997 . (57
,
102.4
., (20
.),
5 102% .)
. -
. , , .
-
1998 ., 1999 . 1998 . )–
4%,
0.8
( 8%) 6%, 2.7
,
7.6
.,
-
.,
. .
1996-1998 . 22% 5.94 ./ . – 73%, 7.17 ., – 23%, 3.73 – 15%, 8.29 ./ . 1998 . 13.31 ./ . , . , Exxon (1996–1998) 3.62 ., Cross Timbers Oil – 3.19 ., Anadarko Petroleum – 3.51 [180, .39].
: .,
./
. -
,
1998 – 1998 . 1997 . 16.7%,
1999 .
1298.0 [38, .186]. 1.7% (22.4 ), 71.6% – (929 ) 26.7% – (347 ) [38, .186][41, .59]. 1997 . 85% , – 19 15% [41, .51]. : 1998 . 99% , – 89%, 1:200000 – 53%, – 94%, – 90% [41, .51]. , , , . 100 . . 1998 . 9.2 . [41, .79]. : , (32.9%) (27.7%), (18.3%) (8.4%) [41, .18]. , , . -2 , . [41, .13].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
25
«
: ,
, ,
,
( .).
1999 .»
,
,
,
,
. -
,
).
( , .
1998 .
,
-
, 200
[41, .14]. (
-
), (
).
-
. 200 ).
(20 – 6
» ,
, 22 (
,
,
,
)
– 1.22 2.8 –
). 420 ( ).
[178, .40]. . 780
36
–
(
)
1998 . 1997 . – 50
15.9%
24.8
-
, ). , – 15 232.1 , 3 , – 338.4 (84.8% 1997 .). 76.8%, – 61%. 2.5 3 7.4 ) [41, .14]. ; 125 , – 127.1 – 50.2 , – 25 , , ,
3
3
(150
39 ,
21.
8
800
( 1997 . – 2.4 . – 61 , [227, .75].
-
« ,
44
– -
, –
. . 26000 700 ),
9 Phillips, INPEX. .27; 227, .68].
1994 . , 96
220
.
1998 . 2
110
. 1999 . Offshore Kazakhstan International Operating Co., : Agip, British Gas, Mobil, Shell, Total, BP Amoco, Statoil, 2004 . [35,
,
. , American-Kazakh Karakudukmunai JV,
.
.
1998 . Sazankurak JV ( ). 3.0-3.4 . Texaco ,
«
26
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
-
«
1999 .»
130-200 -2 1999 .,
, [227, .68]. ,
. Shell Temir/Veba Oil JV ( ).
645 -
1998 .
.
:
.
, 15 .
11
,
./
.
1998 .
–
-
. 30
.,
1999 ., 60
19, 3
[30, .5],
.
,
1999 . 9.
19 .
-
,
,
. . 3
,
:
. ,
,
.
,
,
. «
»
. :
90%
«
-
50%
. . [30, .5]. 7.5 140
»
,
80%
50%.
1998 . ,
[35, .78]. , . «
. »,
620
1999 . « CIOC),
Pennz nergy.
CIOC »
100
. . 30
, « « », . NAOC (North Apsheron Operating Co.), Unocal, ITOCHU « ». NAOC ,
., », Agip,
-
[30, .5]. « » » (Caspian International Oil Co., (1995 .) 150 . 3 , « , 100 . [227, .68]. « » – BP Amoco 140 .
BP Amoco 10
,
[227, .68]. , .
,
BP Amoco Statoil, 6320 ),
(
-
1999 . . «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
27
«
. BP Amoco,
: « » 1998 .
.5].
1999 .»
3
700
, «
»
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;
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«
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,
,
,
;
,
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. .
-
. , ), ,
(
,
);
,
–
,
-
. [227, .71]. 5
.
-
, ( 1998 . – 6.8
).
1998 . 11.3%
50 (237.8
; 1990 .).
.
«
» .
13
-
, -
:
,
,
.
,
90-
26 ,
–
38
,
;
( , 16 5000 ; 9 ).
5 ; 2000-3500 ; 42 ), , 55 3 .
; 39 3
10 , 160
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-
. (
3
15 38
(2.5 3
20 3
;
), 2 ; 3000-
; 8.5
, 75.5
–
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: 2.9 ;3
3
:
2
4.8 2000-3500 , 140
.
20 .
9
-
11 47
35
3
.
2
110
)
( ;
,
7
,
3
107
-
3.5
. .
205
(Enron, Unocal, Shell, Agip) [35, .34-35]. ( [227, .77] . .
.)
-
. 1.5
7
.
. ,
74
2
.
1998 . «
28
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
Petronas: .
4700 , 627 4200 , – 398
3
305
;
, . Monument Oil and Gas. 1999-2001 . 8 . Enron -
3
742
1998 . 1737
,
[227, .75]. «
» ,
20
-
. 3
700 3
.
.
-
,
[98]. .
, ,
, 300 . .
1998 .
1999 . Mariner Energy 340 . 45.7 [90].
. ,
-
3020-3200 «
»(
-827)
250
770 , Development, Inc. 3500 Enron Oil & Gas Co.
, . 40
[72]. -
-135 5600 .
-634
25/64 3
0.35 4
. 2
612 –
100
.
5
-634
,
3
0.4
Shell Deepwater
-
20.5
[79]. -261
Snyder Oil Corp. (SOCO). , 95 . 28/64 376
9 . 2
375
: 0.72
3
[118].
Resources
:
–38 ( -28 (
-65, (11.6 ) 4000 .
– 61 ), 10 ),
-116 (18 ). 3
0.33-1.0
Burlington –190 (55 ), -219, -115 34004.1-9.7 -
[61]. 1997 .
1998 .
Chevron U.S.A. Production Co., .
-
, .
4
10
35 «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
–
»
29
«
991,
-68,
-114
1999 .»
-251. 17
3
,
–
3
30
. -
,
[67].
Petroleum.
-386,
PanCanadian 220 -
820 ,
– 8498.5 . 60 . , 1998 .
16
.
, ,
PanCanadian Petroleum
20% –« »( -580) 90
, -341)
175
«
»(
. Forcenergy :
26
24 , ( -62; -67 (6 -208 ( 158 (2
7000-7500 . 700
31 1998 . -1 ; [80]. , Unocal, :
-551/552
1997 . -279 ,
-169, 1973 ,
-
82 6
3
-630 – 245 IV
[116].
3
210
-1
2
1998 . Spirit Energy 76, . 4243 ) ( -
7 ), 2590-3200 4072
55 ), 1900 ) [119].
20.7
25 ), –
1998 . 278,
19 250 3507 ,
.
-
4194 ; 1998 . Anadarko Petroleum Corp. 140 , , [54]. -827, , Shell Deepwater Development
–
15
[120]. 95 .
770 , 41 , -
[73]. . Remington Oil and Gas Corp. 45
, [112].
-170 8
4709 ,
. Vintage Petroleum
-
–65, 3599 ,
30
,
3000 , .
,
, 0.35
3
. [130].
10-
.
1998 .
.
«
30
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
15 ;
3
1.5
14.7 [129]. , Davis Petroleum Corp. 4800 . 3 2.1 1.5 , 3 -331 18 [81]. 1998 . 90 1057 ( 1997 . 97 – 1253 , 1996 . 97 – 1158). Chevron Corp.: 132 ( 1997 . – 112 ); Shell 44 ( 1997 . Shell 106 ) [151, .20]. . -3 4640 23.5 . 18/64 274 3 2 300 ( 528 ) [55]. DDD Energy 12 ; 2 25/64 ( 229 ) : 3 0.35 82 [83]. Amoco , . 6400 , 3 (11.2 ) [50]. Kelley Oil & Gas Corporation and Williams 1998 . -12, ; 46 . , 2900 . 19.5/64 3 0.28 12 [113]. Murphy Oil Corp. 45[96]. Parallel Petroleum Corp. . 6 3300 . -1: 140 . 3 37 [103]. -2 3750 [104]. Carrizo Oil & Gas: ( , ) 3 60 ; -1 ( ), 3960 3 230 36 ; ( ) [66]. Mobil Exploration & Producing 3 . 0.5 . , , [93]. Amoco -1 , . 5337 . 113 , 11-22%. . 22/64 3 1 [51]. -1, Broughton Associates Joint Venture, 3 11.6 , 0.2 16/64 [77]. . Williams -2 107 , 3 24/64 0.7 [131]. . 1998 . ( . -331 TransTexas Gas Corp. , . .ST-331
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
31
«
) Aspen Exploration 744.8-746.6 . Royale Energy ( 12 ,
719.2
1999 .»
2 2
:
).
715.5-
-1-36
3
35
[57; 97]. ,
-
. , . . , Arco Alaska 3550 ,
. Exxon USA, 3950
,
-1, 30-
-
–
50 .
-
. 3
0.882 3
42
561
. 3
0.910
203 Anadarko Petroleum Corp. 65 ,
, -1,
3 14 Arco Alaska .
-
55 ;
,
33/64 3
0.3 [82].
-
730 ,
16 .
-
, 1998 . . 2700 Cabot Oil & Gas [62]. North American Exploration
– 3 ;
200
[56].
Corp.
, 3
1.64
,
130 7-10
200
-
. .
. [87]. 90-
40%. 10
1996 .
., .
, 1998 .
, : 48.1%
1997-1998 . 19.75
.–
13%
(22.72 .). 51.5% 1997 . [174, .46].
1998 . 1 . ( .): Royal Dutch/Shell Group (2400), Arco (1620), Exxon (1500), Texaco (1400), Chevron (1281), British Petroleum (USA) (1200) Amoco (1075) [174, .54]. , , . 1998 . 15% 4.44 ./ . 24%, 4.26 . – 8.11 ./ . [180, .38-40]. 1998 . . Dynamic ( ). , «
32
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
3
200 [78].
,
50
26 , PetroCanada
, ,
. 140
« -
». 1962 .
-
3 113 ,
3
0.7 5-8
.
-
.
,
, 70 Canadian 88 Energy Corp.
[105].
.
, 20.5
3
0.85 [65]. ,
.
180 17/64
. 3
0.28
.
2 Canadian 88 Energy Corp. 37-8-W5M. , 90 PetroCanada. 3800 , 3 1
,
3
[63]. 80 1.1-2.1
-15-333 [64]. -
, , 147 , [106]. Tri Link
Resources.
(
0.850
, 13.5-15 .
[122].
3
) 2400 .
1200 15
; 14 Amoco Canada (51%
Energy (49%) .
./
4600 .
0.56
3
. . [59]. ) Northstar 100 -
[53]. ,
,
Resources
17 ,
Chevron Canada 3 . -
3050 ,
360 ,
1
3
[203, .25-
26]. 1998 . 6.3 . ( – 7.9 .), 51.6% ( 1997 . – 55.2%) [174, .51]. 1998 . ( . ) PanCanadian (503), Alberta Energy Co. (469), PetroCanada (450), Renaissance Energy (435) [174, .53]. , . , , Tecpetrol de Venezuela CMS Nomeco -1X 3054 . 3 ( 0.887 ) 685 ( ). , Conoco, -
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
33
«
(
1999 .»
575
)
1785-2724
-1X. , Total 0.855
. 1X 1048 ,
( BP Amoco
; YPF
-
Amoco ), 24
[227, .46]. Ampolex Inc. 1 /2 - 3/4 2200 [102]. . .
-TAG-12-
, PDVSA
10-
. – 31.5 1.3
3
– 27.5 ). ,
,
2009 . (
– 34.5
290
-
3
– 1 37
.
.,
20
,
.
[190, .27]. .
370
,
[227, .48].
, ;
13 3
6 ,
1600 . .
.
, ,
100
3
22
[227, .48].
,
1998 . ANP).
(Agencia Nacional do Petrolio, ,
,
-
Petrobras . . , 28% ,
[7, .15].
-
, , 1999 .,
90% 44
,
. ( Texaco Brazil S.A., Amerada Hess Ltda., Ker McGee do Brazil Ltda, Agip Oil do Brazil, Esso Brasileira de Petroleo Ltda, YPF S.A., Shell Brazil, Unocal L. American Ventures, BP Exploration Operating Co.) 182 . 27 12 , 23 – , . 100 . Agip Oil do Brazil; ¾ 90 . 15 60 . . ANP . – . 23 , , etrobras, 13 , 7– . «
34
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
2
–2
,
[207, , . 20-35% [207,
1% .23].
12 , 5%
:
.
50%;
.25]. 13.2 Repsol,
YPF. . »,
,
-
1998 .
; 22
, 10 –
59 .
, 27
2040 . Argentina San Jorge . . 78.6 417.8 ,
-
«
, .
.
Petro : 290.4 ,
, .
1997 . [227, .47].
11
. .
, . . 82
5%,
)
( 685 . 1999 .
4,
25%. 1998 . 18
17 –
3.
Ecopetrol, ,
.
. Emerald Energy – 308.2 27
1998 . Monument Oil and Gas. 3 , . BP Amoco
–
-1- ,
-
Ecopetrol
[227, .47-48]. .
,
, Petroecuador –
20-
, Petroecuador , . ,
. , 100
.
,
,
. 1
2
[227, .49].
. 42-1 , 20-
. 1998 . Barrett Resources , 165 [227, .50].
67 3
.
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
– -
.
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
35
«
1998 . , Braspetro, , YPF
1999 .»
.
,
Petrobras,
3
35-70
[107]. -
.
-1 3
650
–
100
[132]. Perez Companc 3 20 . . -
Dongwon. ,
,
50
,
3
400-700
15 1998 . 35
. [99]. 1995-1999 . BP Amoco 300 .
,
3
. (
), 25 1998 .,
-
,
7
4
,
[49; 227, .53]. 1998 . -I
0.5 164 ,
[121]. 3 3 1
44/64
,
3
20
3.5 ,
, 60 British Gas Texaco 15032/64 -1
. 3
;
43
, 130 , .
10
; 59
, -
.
BHP , -
, 3
30 Petroleum
[117].
1999 .
-1,
30 1
3
, [227, .53].
96% . ,
1200 ; Waggoner Ltd. [227, .54].
– 20
. -
,
. , ,
6
-
,
. «Borgny Dolphin»,
, -
, [227, .54]. -1 ( – 2314 ), Cubacan Exploration, 4 1600-1800 . 1997-1998 . 6900 2 [71]. Petrobras
, 800 Cuba Petroleum 3
2
,
300
,
, 2100-2150 .
-
. Petrobras
, . . 600
.
: 422-0000
Petrobras
, .,
: [8, .14; 151, .10].
«
36
-
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1998 .
.
-
, . 60% , 13% . (Norwegian Petroleum Directorate), 3 . [76]. 1998 . ; 8– (38%)
21 . 77%
; 15
– .
11% ( 1997 . 16), . Amoco Norway Oil Co.
.
-
6507/5,
326 , 140 . – 150
1.5
3
742 27-68.5
. .
-
0.67 795 ,
– 210
, , Development of Norway AS .
517
. 30/3) [227, .59]. ,
3
[52; 227, .59]. Norsk Hydro .6406/2-6 . 120 ,
, 860 , British Petroleum 3 200-400 [60]. Norsk Hydro 24/6 , . 3 58 . 1998 . 30/9. Saga Petroleum AS 34/7. Statoil ( 30/8) Norsk Hydro (
1997 .: ,L
18, Q.
9
.
-
NAM. 7
: K4-A, K4-N, K5-G 3
61.6 Elf Petroland,
.
.
4 5, . NAM [227, .63]. Gulf Canada Resources Q-4. 7.5 [84]. -
1998 .
[222, .64]. 1998 . 30%. ): 3
, (
44%
,
, 9
. ,
: Amoco
. Shell
( :
) ).
22/21-9 (
Arco 15/19-9, Marathon – Arco,
205/23,
16/7 . .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
21/1214/26 , Conoco – 6
« .
44/17 ; Conoco),
49/30
2
3(
-
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
37
«
.
1999 .»
[227, .56]. Courage Energy Inc. 1404 . ; , [101]. AltaQuest Energy Corp. 1560 , . 12.8 , 0.8 . , 65 ( 28% , 1997 .) 11
, AltaQuest Energy Corp. -1,
17 ,
– 13 . 68
Energy Corp.
-1, 7 .
0.850
3
.
[100].
1998 .
, ( 1997 . – 13) [227, .56]. 1998 .,
1996-1997
Cirque -
-
.,
.1.4). 1.4 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
90 44 134
88 55 143
123 52 175
128 59 187
85 47 132
98/97,% 66.4 79.7 70.6
: : [208, .13]
, 23
ENI 1998 .
2
11 10-
33 ,
,
. ,
1998 .
189
.,
, ,
-
–
ENI – Enterprise Oil.
.
1999 .
-1. . Enterprise Oil . 930 ,
) .
762
3
0.871
1057
-
1997 .
, .
, ENI .
-1 (
) – -
-1 (
, .
.
52 [227, .64-65].
4 Esso REP,
Exxon, 50
(
2100
; ,
1998 . INA Naftaplin.
25%
«
38
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
). 60 . -
»
«
1999 .»
. )
( ) [227, .79-80]. SNP Petrom.
(
2003 .
60-70%
, 30%.81]. Western Atlas
. Elf Aquitaine 100 ) [227, , Petrom
, ( ,
90 .
20-50 10
.
,
) [114]. Moravske Naftove Doly (MND) Ramco Energy plc, 3600 ,
0.876
30 . 3 . 104.5
14/16
(
2
238
)
-
[111]. , .
–
Medusa Oil and Gas, -2, 30
, Edison (
1998 .
British Gas ( Burlington Resources 50%. Tao, [162, -O Apache Corp. 3 540 [162, .40; 168, .50]. ( ). Louisiana Burlington Resources 405 3 1860 3.14 – 58 . Burlington Resources Anadarco Petroleum Corp. , 1997 . ( ) [162, .40; 171, .96-97]. ( ): (450 ), (325 )
(700 ) ») [227, .83 BP Amoco
«
, .40; 169, .39].
, 88.8
Land and Exploration (LL&E) – .
– 4410 , 208 405)
(
, PetroCanada 1998 . Ta a-1 3 (2.14 ) [167, .35; 227, .87]. ,
-
5
)
-
1999 .
,
1992 .
, 5
. ILSA
2001 .
,
1996 . ,
, 40
.,
[148, .8].
. International Petroleum -
1998 . Red Sea Oil ( Corp. Sands Petroleum) . 450 10
. -
3-NC-177
. .
.J1-85 (
),
3 280
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
, 3
50.9
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
30.
»
39
«
1999 .»
91.5
. [161,
.66; 163, .44; 169, .39]. . NC-115), ( 0.811 60 . 1000 80-160 [191, .7]. 1997 .
Repsol
M-1
(
320
16%) –
100
3
)
. .
Lasmo .
265
2
-
. [177, .65-66; 227, .88]. ,
-
. . Esso Exploration Angola Ltd. ( Exxon Corp.) 1998 . 15 1010-1290 : -1 ( 2.1 ), -1 (1.35 ), -1 (918 ), -1 (595 ). Esso, 135 . 1999 . Exxon Upstream Development Co.: Esso ( ) – 40%, BP Exploration (Angola) Ltd. – 26.67%, Agip (Angola) Ltd. – 20%, Statoil – 13.33% [145, .32; 159, .38; 164, .42; 198, .37; 199, .43; 204, .38]. CABGOC ( Chevron Corp.) 14 ( ) 300-400 : 3 .D14-6X, 0.845 – 980 ), ( .D14-9X, 2.7 ) ( .D14-10X, 1.35 ) [145, .32; 163, .2; 226, .9]. 14 95 . 1998 . 5 [143, .18; 200, .39]. Elf 17 1300 -1 ( 756 ) -1 (1.48 ). [145, .32]. 1998 . ( 400 – 2500 ). Agip Angola Ltd., Esso Exploration & Production, Sonangol ( 25), BHP, Texaco Esso 21, 22 24), Amoco, Elf Exxon ( 31-33) [145, .13; 160, .40; 203, .35]. 1999 . 26 22 . ; 11 26 . , 1999 . 1( OPL-216, Texaco Famfa Oil Ltd.), 1433 ( ), 2499-3780 , . -1 ( OPL-218, Statoil) 94 2654-4464 ( 1280 ) [144, .24; 202, .4]. Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Co. 8 . [173, .74]. 1998 . , (SNMPC).
1998 . Elf
-3 (
, – Societe Nationale des Petroles du Congo 812 ) -1 ( ): 920 1150 , -
«
40
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
. [197, .50; 227, .88]. 1998 . 2
6600 .
8( (6000
. 1000-3000 )
Total -
2
),
1999 .
; 1997 .
.
2 -
. –
445
2
– 135 . 20 . Unocal Corp., Vanco Energy, Kerr McGee Corp., R.B. Falcon, [144, .24; 163, .46; 227, .90] 1998 .
UMIC
-1 18 [144, .24]. Petroci (1000-2500 )
Vanco Energy 9300
1999 .
1-109
-
1-112 (2000
2
.
) . 2008
2001-
.
[176, .48]. [144, .14; 148, .10;
(200-3000 )
.
, , 168, .32-33; 183, .72-75; 227, .93]
. Ecumed Petroleum (
-1 – 750 ; CMS Oil and Gas 99 ; MOL -1 – 162
Centurion Energy) – 71
2608
3
1200
3
[168, .50; 227, .90]. 1998 . Soekor Natural Resources E-BD/E-CE, 9 22 . E-BD4, 3 598 88 9 29 . 3-4.6 . 1998 . .
100 , .
[171, .96; 227, .92]. Skidmore Resources ONAREP 2 2 ( 6.0 ), (5.6 ) 2 (12.7 ) [144, .14; 167, .84]Vanco Energy Schlumberger/Geco Pracla (1850 3000 . , :
Phillips Petroleum Soekor Anschutz Corp. 2 -
-
)
, ,
-
[167, .84].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
41
«
1998 . Resources 430
2
1999 .»
Trinity Gas Corp., Carlton Energy
Oriental Energy
[227, .93]. 3-
. , [179, .29].
1998 .
-
OMNIS
,
: Xpronet ( 2
1214
) Frontier Resources ( D). 3000 [172, .40-41]. Hurdman Resources PPL98 ( 1500 2, Shell (1973 .)
50 ).
30
-
Elf (1980 .), [144, .14]. 2-6 Hurdman Resources. 1998 . Woodside Petroleum, British-Borneo Fusion Oil & Gas NL 3, 4 5. 3500 2 (12.8 .)
.
[179, .27]. Apache Corp.
1998 .
1999 .
3 :
, )
(
-
W -254- ).
-1
.
-
, 3
(2.5 . 89
)
. 425
(
).
-
47 . Woodside Petroleum W -271- ); (589 )
– 13 , 3
(53
). West Australian Petroleum
1998 .
-3 –
490 3.4
-6, 3
.
-3
3
80 , Esso Australia (Exxon) ,
:
.
).
BHP Petroleum
( , Canadian Occidental .
1998 . Mobil Exploration and Producing Australia 55 ) 70 . 60/64 – [92].
, -
3
, 1.5
62 -
, (250 (150
3 3
), ),
(250 (150 ) Santos). (445
3
),
3
,
3
3
260 (180 (
3
, ), -
),
Boral. –
«
42
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
. .115-116].
JR-1
56
[227, –
,
. Phillips .
. , 55-60
3
95
3
0.3 Todd Energy
-1 -1 – 85 -1
,
1998 . 44/64
3
36
. -2 20
, . 2.8
3
. 1998 . -11 (41 ) [227, .117-118].
)
-
[176, .50; 227, .117]. 1998 . :
Shell
-
–
3
.
.
603 . Fletcher Challenge Energy ( – 4888 ). 3 . , , Fletcher Challenge Energy -2 ( – 130 ,
-
. .
. ,
1998 . (
–
Oil Search 32 ,
Santos). ,
,
.
25-
hevron
-
3
1.5 3140 . Oil Search , 140
(165
3
-
-5 ) [227, .118].
3
.
(265
)
1998 . : China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC), China National Petrochemical Corp. (Sinopec), China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC), China National Star Petroleum Corp. (CNSPC). , , CNSPC Sinopec. – CNPC, , , . CNPC : , ( , ), – , – . , 40; , , 2 . : , , , , . CNSPC , ( ),
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
43
«
-4 (
1999 .»
,
) [227, .105].
,
150
( 1000 2, 100
). 59 .
3
.
, -
, 3
70
4438 . [88].
46
1998
. -
43.4
69.9 ,
-
. .
1.7 ,
3
300
-
3
75
.
,
.
. ,
4
3
150
.
[69].
. (Sichuan's Petroleum Administration Bureau), 3 [75].
-
260 1998 . Geological Prospecting Department)
(State (
).
,
, 976
. 3
16
-
[128]. CNOOC,
. 13
1998 . ; : Kerr McGee),
CNOOC CNOOC.
19 -36-2-1
Phillips -20-3-1 (Santa Fe), -18-1 1998 . Phillips Petroleum Co. -36-2-1 2588 (
-1-1 (ACT Group), (Kerr McGee), (Noble). . 56 1997 .,
-19-1 21 ),
-11-1-1 -
,
– 582 . 3 0.931 ) Phillips – Phillips China Inc.,
( Primeline Energy Holdings -1 1997 . ). , 20 3 112 .
– 335 . 60% , 32-32 ( 3 18.5 .
, -1,
[108]. -
Primeline
[110].
1998 . CNOOC 160
. 20
, ,
169 . .
15/34,
-4-2,
Santa Fe,
3
, , 1998 . CNOOC
[70].
,
.
100
600
2
.
(
«
44
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
–
»
«
1999 .»
190
3
310
)
,
-
. 60 4 , 1400
3
8 , 280
.
, 1995-1998
.
20
1000-
. .
[68].
, , . , Arco, Texaco, Shell, Triton, XCL. . 1998 . Global Oil Corp. ( ), Sunwing Energy, XCL Monde Group ( ), Exxon ( ) [227, .105-106].
-
. .
1998 .
22 – 1999 . 80 . 22340 1997 . [227, .106].
,
(7
35. 1998 .
). , ,
). 162 58
9– 1999 . (37 –
,
20%
2
10326 Unocal
. -2, – 2675 ). 2226-2623 2560 ) 3 0.840 ) – 387 -2 Co. ) 3 270 ). 1998 . 2200-2990
,
854
52.5 .
(2524-
28/64 3
– 87
( [124]. , Mobil Makassar Inc. (1379 30-100 . (
30%) -5 , -1 ( ,
87.5 . 57 . ,
, 2871 ), -3,
. 28 Unocal
1998 .
Unocal Indonesia ) ( . [94]. -1 -
2001 . [91]. ,
38
-
.
. 5, 1 1/8 (0.2
-
507 . 2 63 3
) [127]. Unocal . .
13
(1292
) -
-3
12
.
( 1300 Unocal Indonesia, 300 ),
, (
) –
2000 . (
40
)
(
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
45
«
1.5
.
1999 .»
).
12-34 . [126]. 1998 . Gulf Indonesia.
. -1, Gulf Indonesia Resources Ltd. Talisman (Corridor) Ltd., 4 1801-2124 . ¾ 0.17 3 , 26% [85]. « »( 2– ) 5 , : -1 -2 – . Gulf Indonesia , – . Gulf Indonesia Resources, Talisman (Corridor) Pertamina -2, 285 . (2055-2074 ) 48/63 20 3 3 0.78 ; (2121-2650 ) – , 20 0.42 32/64 ). 20 , [85]. Gulf Indonesia Resources Ltd. -1 , 2181-2940 . 3 0.95 , 18 53% 2. ( 14 ) ( 13 ) [86]. , 7 , Gulf Indonesia , 3 (0.56 ) (135 ), 2 4.4 [74]. « » Conoco. -1 – -3 [227, .106]. BG Exploration & Production 3 . – 4135-4150 . 3 1 . , [58]. Arco ( 3 ). 420 [95]. .
9
,
. 1998 . 6 Amerada Hess, EPMI (Exxon), Shell, Santa Fe, Mitsubishi Oil, YPF . , , , . 1998 . 6 . -1 , -1 – -1, . , , . ( ; ), , , . EPMI – , 220 , 60. 1999 . [228, .108].
«
46
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
-
-
«
1999 .»
IPC Malaysia Ltd.,
Lundin Oil
,
1998 .
-
.
3288
12 279
.
120 . 3.1 :
6
,
.
50 Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd.
-
3
, 19
3
. PetroVietnam Exploration and Production [89]. -
: Brunei Shell Petroleum
.
, –
1999 . [227,
. , .111]. , 20
7.25 (
2
,
. 3
) 280 . Carigali-Triton Operating Co. (CTOC), Petronas Carigali – PTTEP Operating Co. (CPOC). 1998 . ; ( -3), 4– ( , -5, -2, -2). ( 2001 .) (2002 .) [227, .113]. , . , . Conoco, Unocal, Repsol, BP Amoco, Petronas. 1998 . 16 . : , 4 , . 1999 . BP Amoco [227, .109-110]. , . 17 , 1998 . , , 29 ( 1997 . – 17). . Unocal. -1 -13, [227, .109]. -1, , 4260 16 82 . 3 1.1 . 3 , 4.2-7.8 , 17 [125]. Petroleum Authority of Thailand/Exploration & Production (PTTEP) Total . Total, , . Pogo , . Pogo . -19 78 , -22 – 85 , -7 – : , 133 , , 58 [109]. « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
47
«
1999 .»
Rutherford-Moran Oil Corp. 2760-3308
-
. 6.5
26.5
[115]. ,
. PTTEP
3-
, Unocal , Pogo –
-
[227, .109]. .
& Gas Development Corp. , Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. (PPL). ( ) 23 ,
), (
).
20 Arco
. OGDCL.
Oil – OGDCL. : Pakistan Oilfields Ltd. (POL) , ( 1998 . – 1999 . -
.
Shell 46
Arco
OGDCL
, 5
. [227, .110]. , Texas Pakistan.
LASMO. -
).
9
;
–
-
200
Union 1826-1878 . 362 [123]. 35 (
48/64 1998 .
12
),
. .
1999 . 13 . Cairn Energy, Phoenix Overseas, Tullow Oil, Shell. 1998 .
-
. [227, .107]. ,
. 700
2
.
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. [227, .97]. ,
1998 .
(Occidental Petroleum, BP Amoco, Shell Deepwater Oman). 2 10 , . Occidental Petroleum, BP Amoco Neste Oy « » ( 9, 15, 27, 31 [227, .97]. , 7%, Saudi Aramco, 6010, ( , ), 220 . ( .), , [222, .95]. , Saudi Aramco
44)
«
48
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
-
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
, ,
»
«
1999 .»
,
, .
, ,
-
[151, .76]. , Kuwait Oil Co. 0.784
-2, . 4600 .
1995 . 3
246.6
.
,
. 29.5
68 ,
2005 .
-
[227, .96]. Kuwait Oil Co., 25.5 466
Saudi Arabian Texaco 3105 . 5 -
-4 . 221.4 . ,
.
3
– 0.865 [227, .96].
–
, -
« 1999 . 287
.
95
».
. ,
70.
10-15 4500
4
4 18 3000 5100 . 60%.
.
. ,
. , 4000-
1998 . . , INOC
.
-
, 2
[227, .101-102]. .
9942
(241%
1997 .),
: 5000 42 , 1997 . – 33%)
2
. 3–
1998
1999 .
.
:
20
15%.
Iranian Oil Co. (NIOC) 17 2 – 1-12 . . 1998 .
( . National
1998 . . (20 NIOC
1999 .) Shell
-
Lasmo . Shell Lasmo
10
BP Amoco
. [227, .101].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
49
«
1999 .»
1998 :
28%
55%
-
. 17%,
. Middle East Ltd. , – . : 410 ,
–
,
Aladdin ;
.
-
-11 0.910
3
[227, .103].
36%
, .
1992 . 1999 . Syrian Petroleum Co. 200
.
, . 3 [227, .103]. . 1998 .
1997 . 1 –
-
1,
.
.
1998 .
Qatar General Petroleum Corp. ,
Mobil -
Occidental Petroleum ,
[227, .102-103]. 20
1998 .
.1.5.
,
,
.
1-2 . 1.5 1998 .,
Royal Dutch/Shell Exxon British Petroleum Arco Mobil Chevron Conoco Texaco Agip Amoco
.
Elf Aquitaine Petrobras Statoil Total Unocal Petronas Phillips Petroleum Burlington Resources USX-Marathon Amerada Hess
4869 3438 2316 2244 2124 2106 1767 1763 1657 1648
1471 1380 1175 1153 983 786 732 728 701 691
: [174, .53]
1998 . (
-
. 1.6).
, ,
, -
. , .
«
50
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1.6 , 1994
1995
318 300.96 1.1 0.57 1.97 0.05 126.71 1.7 2.94 0.53 9.12 0.96 4.88 0.09 0r 4.35 129.24 0.28 6.72 0.06 ... 4.17 2.77 1.79 0.12 0.85r 1281.33 9.6 0.06 2.04 8.1 6.92 0.07 0.01 32.23 75.36 0.01 27.75 180.89 17.38 20.28 21.59 0.04 146.12 102.45 30.34 ... 0.77 106.99r 40.52 2.77 402.77 29.2 0.03 2.31
.
307 312.57 1.12 0.54 1.95 0.06 129.35 1.74 2.88 0.45 9.17 0.87 5.03 0.11 0r 3.78 139.36 0.29 6.75 0.06 ... 4.06 2.54 1.88 0.12 0.45 1304.42 9.15 0.06 2.04 8.7 6.71 0.04 0.01 35.13 73.2 0.01 31.93 180.41 16.74 20.6 23.07 0.04 148.64 102.05 31.96 ... 0.62 114.8 43.02 2.77 402.78 30.69 0.03 2.62
1996 301 326.73 1.01 0.44 1.85 0.03 126.7 1.5 2.84 0.51 11.15 0.57 5.41 0.1 0r 2.85 155.59 0.2 6.75 0.1 0.05 4.08 2.11 1.5 0.35 1.05 1325.52 9.05 0.08 5.19 7.77 8.7 0.05 0.01 32.88 76.15 0 30.3 184.65 18.25 23 25.75 0.1 156.42 99.55 36.5 ... 0.55 112.75 44.45 2.9 402.15 29 0.15 3.06
1997
1998
302.3 328.55 1.02 0.34 1.8 0.04 127.15 1.38 2.78 0.42 11.52 0.37 5.52 0.15 0r 2.83 156.93 0.25 6.93 0.1 0.04r 4.1 1.79 1.54 0.35 1.2 1379.15 9.52 0.08 5.19 7.34 9.01 0.1 0.01 33.82 68.21 0 57.35 181.63 18.5 26.08 31.14 0.1r 159.44 105.13 37.61 0.04r 0.55 112.69 45.22 2.54 417.46 28.5 0.02 3.85
303.3 325.26 1.03 0.35 1.8 0.05 131.63 1.29 2.89 0.28 11.9 0.65 5.4 0.15 0r 2.77 150.01 0.24 6.5 0.1 0.03r 3.9 1.71 1.33 0.35 0.9 1421.56 9.51 0.1 5.13 7.06 9.5 0.1 0.01 32.91 65.77 0 105.5 180.37 19.25 26.08 33.04 0.1 159.78x 103.75 36 0.04r 0.75 114.83 45 2.68 414.83 27.66 0.01 3.75
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
98/97, % r
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
100.3 99 101 102.9 100 125 103.5 93.5 104 66.7 103.3 175.7 97.8 100 ... 97.9 95.6 96 93.8 100 75 95.1 95.5 86.4 100 75 103.1 99.9 125 98.8 96.2 105.4 100 100 97.3 96.4 ... 184 99.3 104.1 100 106.1 100 100.2 98.7 95.7 100 136.4 101.9 99.5 105.5 99.4 97.1 50 97.4
»
51
«
1994
.
.-
0.06 4.1 4.04 5.52 0.25 0.79 334.07 55.85 26.14 0.19 15.88 0.3 1.24 44.79 6.54 9 0 66.63 0.01 102.1 0.1 4.5 0.27 0.52 831.89 33.84 0.07 ... 1.16 34.19 127.71 0.34 87.1 22.72 1.15 156.81 6.78 0.32 333.8 . 6.27 0.59 19.05 . 34.38 26.87 1.98 5.52 3100.62
1999 .»
1995
1996
1997
1998
0.06 4.7 3.42 7.59 0.15 0.7 339.21 54.14 30.54 0.16 18.19 0.3 1.35 46.05 5.83 8.51 0.24 68.67 0.01 100.2 0.1 4.13 0.27 0.52 830.55 37.22 0.05 ... 1.3 38.54 140.8 0.48 89.9 29.54 1.47 130.85 6.01 0.35 327.25 6.59 0.49 19.71 31.2 25.32 1.21 4.67 3124.95
0.04 4.35 3.34 7.62 0.07 0.69 371.32 62.8 34.55 0.07 18.32 0.35 1.46 46 5.5 11 1.4 71.5 0.01 112.31 0.1 4.35 1.1 0.5 860.08 39.16 0.05 0.09 1.16 39.2 150.75 0.65 91.7 32.05 1.65 148.05 5.99 0.38 323.22 6.34 0.46 19.18 34.65 26.75 2.15 5.75 3219.31
0.04 6.01 3.32 7.89 0.04 0.72 376.01 65.19r 35.68 0.15 18.26 0.27 1.41 43 6.21 12.2 0.75 71.02 0.01 114.09 0.46 3.92 2.58 0.81 880.92 41.73 0.04 0.09r 1.55 42.07 159.09 0.97 95.51 32.61 1.78 151.1 5.28 0.47 322.6 6.18 0.44 19.41 35.04 28.33 2.92 3.79 3301.97
0.04 6.01 3.4 7.88 0.04 0.68 345.2 41.21 36.72 0.15 17.75 0.25 1.31 43.29 6.25 11.92 0.5 69.58 0.01 106.6 0.6 4.02 4.15 0.89 886.78 42.34 0.08 0.09r 1.4 47.8 156.08 1.27 100.85 37.71 1.35 153.55 5.67 0.52 312.6 6.13 0.45 18.89 33.29 26.74 2.5 4.05 3315.39
98/97, % 100 100 102.4 99.9 100 94.4 91.8 63.2 102.9 100 97.2 92.6 92.9 100.7 100.6 97.7 66.7 98 100 93.4 130.4 102.6 160.9 109.9 100.7 101.5 200 100 90.3 113.6 98.1 130.9 105.6 115.6 75.8 101.6 107.4 110.6 96.9 99.2 102.3 97.3 95 94.4 85.6 106.9 100.4
: r x
: [2, .13; 3, .13; 5, .15; 13, .14; 21; 22, .31; 23, .31; 29, .28; 36, .14; 39; 40, .73; 41, .54; 43, .514; 45, .279; 47, .48; 133, .212, 222, 228, 230, 233, 243, 245, 254, 268, 271-272, 275; 134, .179; 137, .1; 153; 154; 157, .40; 170, .38; 175, .22; 184, .92-93; 192, .2; 193; 194; 195, .40, 57; 196, .4, 56; 211, .233; 212, .375; 216, .322; 217, .23, 27]
.1.7
20 1998 .
,
. ( «
52
-
65.8%.
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
), . 1.7 (
,
) 1997-1998
Saudi Arabian Oil Co. National Iranian Oil Co. Petroleos Mexicanos Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. China National Petroleum Co. Royal Dutch/Shell Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. Iraq National Oil Co. Kuwait Petroleum Corp. BP Amoco plc Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. Exxon Corp. National Oil Corp. ( ) Pertamina ( ) Chevron Corp. Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Texaco Inc. Mobil Corp. Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals (
)
.,
.
1998
1997
3023.7 1316.9 1278.0 1258.9 1168.0 859.0 772.3 770.2 757.4 723.0 692.0 553.0 508.1 474.1 468.7 405.0 383.3 351.0 341.0 304.9
3021.1 1322.0 1245.0 1162.5 1171.7 850.0 834.8 419.4 767.6 673.0* 708.1 567.0 519.0 497.9 389.8 391.0 307.0 317.0 339.0 308.8
: * –
British Petroleum Co. plc (457.0 (216.0
.)
Amoco Corp.
.) :[166, .68; 182, .60]
.1.8, ,
, , ,
, .
, ,
-
. 1.8 1997-1998
., 1997
«
1998
53.4 35.6 33.9 20.3 24.5 21.0 18.2 15.4 13.5 12.3 11.2 7.9 3.6 9.1
»
53.7 34.1 35.2 19.9 24.4 19.7 17.3 12.9 12.6 11.8 10.7 7.9 3.5 9.5
98/97,% 100.6 95.8 103.8 98.0 99.6 93.8 95.1 83.7 93.3 95.9 95.5 100.0 97.2 104.4
: [32, .131; 33, .80]
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
53
«
1999 .»
1998 .
«
» (
, 60
.
: « 1998 . – 44.1 » (3.3 ), « » « » (25.7 »–« » (6.2 ), « », « », « »–« » (8.3 ), «
–
» ), « », « ), « » (5.5 », «
» (
(5.5
), « »;
« ), « », « »; « » . ». , » (11.76) «
(8.2
,« », «
» (18.1 ) ) « 1998 .
» (7.4 ,
« » » ), « », « -
,« . [33, .80].
» –
-
[12, .16]. , -
.
50%. ,
.1.8). , -
70%
14% . 1998 . ,
,
1506 . [178, .41].
230
. . 1997 ., .
, 4556 .
–
1998 .
102
./
0.8-
,
. 1.0
./ [146, .36]. AIOC, 440 Shirvanoil, ) [138, .9]. « »,
(125
« 5
» 1998 .
.
.
(
200
Azerpetoil , -
,
, ,
,
.),
. 74
, 2003-2005
.
1 ,
3-4
.
, 2003 .
,
) [146,
( .40].
. .
, .
«
» (79.86%
(20.14%) (55%)
Baker Hughes
) ,
1974 . , 1988 .
«
54
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
-
»
«
1999 .»
250
.
320
, Baker Hughes 120 , «
. , ,
135
,
-
. »
.
-
,
[227, .77]. 1997 .
1998 .
, (
.1.9). 1.9 ,
1994
1995
1559 941 1130 1696
1996
1485 960 1169 1644
1394 948 1239 1628
1997
./
1998
1296 929 1339 1628
98/97,%
1175 904 1432 1547
90.7 97.3 106.9 95.0
: [187, .52]
, , . 1998 . Mariner Energy 1999-2000 . 850 , 673, 674, 717
– Exploration & Oil
BP -
, 718
. 3
[90].
,
Chevron Corp. .
100
-
1998 . : 850 Hess; 2.5
–
),
( )
60
( Marathon; Oryx), (Marathon); – (British-Borneo; 1.75 ) [150, .46]. ( ) , 36% – US Mineral Management Service, 400 ). 1999 . 112
– (Amerada 1998 . .( ,
[195,
c.81]. . 1 80%
./
,
60%
. 1989 .
,
90,
-
18% . «
1999
555%
1999 . 49% – 99 90%.
1998 . Phillips. 1
)
4 .
. . Lasmo, 52 CNOC, «
.
: 422-0000
, ./
, ,
43
, 1.5
». 1030-1090 2010 . ( .1.10),
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
( -
»
55
«
1999 .»
1997 .
, 500
358
.,
-
. .
3
35
178
. 1.10 , 2000
2004
566 238 112 25 1039
,
493 201 65 75 1045
2007
2010
425 190 45 67 891
343 156 31 48 702
: : [181, .39]
./ 10/00,% 60.6 65.5 27.7 192.0 67.6
2000 .
-
9
1.9
. « » (Total, PDVSA, Statoil ), ; 1.2 . » (Conoco PDVSA) 100 500 2 , 6 2.4 . 1999 . ; Mobil, PDVSA Veba; ., 3 [227, .46-47]. 1999 . . , Seillean, 1 40 [227, .49]. 300 2
15
.
.
– . 1998 . . , -
. .
3
1.2
«
. 2.75
2 . 1998-1999 ,
, 630
3
.
-
.
. (
),
1999 .
, .
-
1999 .
-
. , 0.934 2000 .
Total
[227, .47].
Arco 23.3
(
3
).
20 1.5
. Arco
2000( ).
. 2001
.
, 7.5 500
.
.
Occidental
–
15 (
«
56
.
: 422-0000
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.
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
); [227, .49-50]. 1998 .
19
:3
,7– ), 3 –
,5– . (
– – 12.5
.,
23.7 ).
3
98
)
(
46.6
– 5.8 . 1998 . 3 260 140 [227, .56-57]. 1998 . 3 2.2 ). . 1999 . [227, .64]. 1998 . . 1999 .
2.7 ;
-
(
– -
:
. 3
692
-
(
, -
60
.
23
. -
. 1998 .
–4
3
2
.
. 6.8 . 146 –
:
3
2 1999 . 210
. 3
. ,
–
.
: – 43.4
1.4 .59-60].
3
),
3
55.3 8.8
(33.6
), 3
(20 (66
),
-
(
) [227, .
850 ; –3
. 0.8
.
[227, .65]. 1998 .
. , ,
31
./
-
, (
.
0.763 ,
, 4
3
)
,
4
.
,
[227, .117].
CNPC (74%
)
Sinopec (22%). CNPC
,
50
. Sinopec
– .
1998 . . . «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
-314 -
»
57
«
1999 .»
. ( (
),
, . -
).
; .
Black Sea
Sunwing (
. Arco
).
-
Texaco CNOOC [227, .105-106].
1998 . ;
. ,
1998 .
80% Vietsovpetro [227, .110]. 1998 . , 133 , 106 120 ,
–
: 18
. 1500 . 30 50
3
,
.
, :
3
150
,
.
638
[227, .95]. 3-4
.
./
[227, .101]. 1998 .
-
,
.
,
,
10 INOC
, ,
,
,
7
./
.
. 2%
,
-
,
15% [227, .102].
)
(50
,
20
( 1998 .
./ ) 11
, .,
,
– 100 1995 .
./
Total. -
[227, .101]. . NIOC
24
buy-back ( ,
): NIOC
(pay-back), pay-back
. ,
.
,
,
« .
1999 . ,
1
,
Elf Aquitaine (55% 200 -
Agip (45%). 123 «
58
.
: 422-0000
-
1998 .
, Petronas,
» .
)
-
,9
.
TotalFina,
-
,
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
11 .
14
.
Bow Valley Energy ) [151, .75-76; 227, .101]. .
15 200 (
2001 . ,
1999 .
. Elf Aquitaine –2 13.5
-
-
856 1727
,
, 351 [147, .40]. (26.9%),
445
136 (18.0%),
(16.4%),
-
(10.3%) [144, .148]. (floating, production, storage and
, offloading vessel – FPSO). 3000 . 1995-1998 . 1999 . 100 300 , 8 – 300 ( ,
. 100 , 19 – 1000 . 20
100-275 44 , 66 FPSO; 31 500 , 5 – 500 1000 3– – 11, 8.
– – 60
.
– -
,
. : 1999 . 120 FPSO [149, .86]. , , 3 . .
240 . 25
1995 . 1998 .
,
«Ekofisk Tank»,
12
,
6
(
(
,
(
,
, ,
, 1.01.1999 .
,
,
, ,
-
.
2022 ., 2045 . [153, c.174].
1998 . ) Indian Oil Corp. 3 10 ). Ltd. (
-
)
– 9, 200
. 29 –
,
. ), Bharat Petroleum Corp. ), Trans-American Refining Corp. ), Petronas ( , , Mobil Oil Barbados 200 . ;) Equilon Enterprises LLC 1.4 ) [169, .41]. 755 ; 696. ( .1.11). , . ,
, ,
.
1.13
,
, « .
: 422-0000
-
.
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
59
«
1999 .»
(
)
12.4% . , 12.1% [169, .50].
487.4
«
»
: -
,
-
, . 310
. 1.11
( 1995
1
),
1996
1997
1998
1999
99/98,% ,%
.
935.5 304.5
928.5 310.5
935.0 307.2
947.5 327.7
970.0 323.2
102.4 98.7
24.1 8.1
822.0 512.0 266.7
814.2 516.2 277.7
811.2 517.0 283.0
821.2 521.7 291.7
815.2 500.5 296.7
99.3 96.0 101.8
20.3 12.4 7.4
140.7 797.2 3778.6 2045.5
141.5 855.5 3844.1 2043.7
143.5 893.0 3889.9 2064.2
144.5 937.7 3992.0 2110.5
146.7 969.5 4021.8 2142.0
101.5 103.4 100.7 101.5
3.6 24.1 100.0 53.3
.
: [136]
, . : 4.7
)
,
(« (« : 10.1
, . ( 1998 . 20%).
»; »; 5.4 ). 901991 . , 1997 . – 3.2 ,
1950 . (70.8%),
– 54%. 700 6
,
1935 ., 1997 . . ,
-
, 81%, ,
– 2002 .
0.05%; 4.9
-
-
. 8
. –
.
, ,
(
5
) 1998 .
, 55
.
. -
1 ,
[178, .41-42]. .
«
60
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
.
, (
,
-
.1.12). 1.12 (
) 1998-1999
1
.
), 1998
1999
99/98,% , %
794.9 521.7 252.7 228.0 118.2 115.7 108.5 93.5 91.2 89.7 87.0 84.7
821.1 500.5 254.5 251.0 118.2 115.7 110.2 96.0 92.5 89.7 87.0 86.2
103.3 95.9 100.7 110.1 100.0 100.0 101.6 102.7 101.4 100.0 100.0 101.8
20.4 12.5 6.3 6.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1
:[136; 157; 169, .50-51]
– ( – , ) (40.85; SK Corporation), (31.7; LG– Caltex), (25.0; Ssangyong Oil Refining Co.Ltd.), (28.55; Paraguana Refining Center), (28.3; « »), (22.0; « »), (21.9; « »), (27.25; Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corp.), (23.6; Exxon Corp.), (23.25; Exxon Corp.), (21.85; Amoco Oil Corp.), (20.5; Amoco Oil Corp.), (21.7; Kuwait National Petroleum Co.), (21.4; National Iranian Oil Co.) (20; Shell Eastern Petroleum Ltd.) [169, .43]. 1998 . . ( – 1.01.1999 ., ) Royal Dutch/Shell (216.4), Exxon Corp. (176.6), Petroleos de Venezuela (132.7), Sinopec (124.2), Mobil Corp. (105.3), Saudi Aramco (98.3), British Petroleum Corp. (90.7), Petroleo Brasileiro (88.6), China National Petroleum Corp. (88.1), Petroleos Mexicanos (83.1) [169, .42]. ;
).
(
,
) .
40% 30% –
, ; 20
: , 17%
-
,
17%;
– 1994-1995
-
, .:
-
1998 . –
11% [169, .44]. .
1998 . Royal Dutch/Shell 97% ( 1997 . ), BP Amoco – 94% ( 1997 . – 96%), Mobil – 94% (94%), Texaco – Exxon – 90% (92%), Chevron – 86% (91%) [205, .4]. 45%. « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
92% (95%), -
»
61
«
1999 .»
,
, .
2003 . 100
80
– 10 –
.
13.5
, 70
23.5 ,
-
),
). . (
(7 –
). [205, .8].
85 (22.5
: 90
, 24
,
24
), 14,
–
(
2000 .
–
20
), –
(
– – 14.5 [205, .6].
-
16
),
17
14 –
(
(
),
,
;
11.25
1998 .
–
12 ),
-
,
.1.17). 50%.
90.9% – 87.7%,
– 93.9%,
1997 ., – 87.9%.
.1.13. 1.13
98/97,%
1998 .,
3.66 8.72 2.07 17.26 5.60 9.33 15.95 20.11 16.55 12.10 5.10 7.62 4.43 8.14 13.11 149.75
78.8 90.5 70.7 93.4 85.3 76.1 107.8 90.9 87.5 77.8 88.8 105.7 93.4 180.2 81.3 91.2
0.33 1.99 0.29 3.31 0.98 1.08 1.78 3.18 2.52 2.03 0.97 0.19 0.74 1.08 3.40 23.87
1.08 2.26 0.50 5.77 1.52 2.17 3.42 5.83 4.65 3.31 1.44 2.07 1.26 1.88 4.66 41.82
0.08 0.51
1.48 2.88 1.16 5.22 2.15 4.01 8.18 6.75 3.53 4.04 1.50 3.00 1.41 3.45 2.23 50.99
0.18 0.62 1.03 0.74 1.07 0.67 0.28 0.42 0.34 0.62 0.56 7.12
0.01
0.30 0.22 0.13 0.65 0.06 0.21 0.07 0.10 0.11 1.86
: [33, .83]
;
,
«
»
–
,
«
»– «
62
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
-
«
, «
1999 .»
« »–
»– «
, , . ,«
«
« ».
»–
«
», ,
, «
» »–
»–
,
,« ,
,
»–
.
1994-1998
.
.1.14. 1.14 ,
.
1994 198r 708.34 11.3 14.37r 27 5.8 83.4 8.1 135.1 16.9 10.1 5.6 0.7 53.5 92.3 0r 0.91r 0r 36.4 9.6 14.8 12 11.2 3.6 20.67r 10.4 88.2 6.7 12.7 17 0r 949.05 9.3r 1r 2.3 8.9 0.47r 67.4 37 54.3 12.1 0.04r 149.5
1995 1996 r 193.2 183.9r 712.98 726.23 11.3 11.6 12.45r 12.35r 26.4 29.4 5.5 5.7 81.7 83.8 7.7 7.1 135.1 137.4 17.6 18.2 10.5 11.4 5.7 6 0.8 0.8 56.3 58.7 94.9 94.2 0r 0r r 3.12 4.2r r 0 0r 38 37.4 9.6 10.1 15.3 16.9 12.9 12.1 13.5 13 3.8 3.2 16.62r 15.08r 9.9 10.3 89 91 7.4 6.7 11.8 12.2 16.1 17.4 0r 0r 993.8 1037.02 9.65r 9.05r 1r 1r 2.6 2.8 9.5 9.3 0.44r 0.45r 73 79.4 39.2 42.9 59.6 62.2 12.05r 11.3 0.04r 0.1r 160.7 174.4
1997 1998 160.2r 178 732.3 744.3 11.9 12.3 12.6r 12.7 30.4 31.5 5.6 5.2 81.3 80.5 7.1 7.2 136.5 136.6 18.4 18.7 11.1 10.8 6.6 7.4 0.9 0.9 62 66.4 94.6 94.7 0r 0r r 4.51 4.6r r 0 0r 39.5 39.3 10.3 10.1 18.2 18.7 13 14.1 12.7 12.1 3.6 3.6 12.29 14.3 10.2 10.6 91.7 94.5 8.3 8.4 12.8 13 16.1 16.2 0r 0r 1063.92 1039.83 6 5.9 1r 1r 2.8 2.9 9.1 8.9 0.5r 0.7r 83.3 86.1 46 43.7 60.8 58 11.6 12.6 0.1r 0.1r 185.6 190.3 «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
98/97, % 90 101.6 103.4 99.2 103.6 92.9 99 101.4 100.1 101.6 97.3 112.1 100 107.1 100.1 ... 102 ... 99.5 98.1 102.7 108.5 95.3 100 116.4 103.9 103.1 101.2 101.6 100.6 ... 97.7 98.3 100 103.6 97.8 140 103.4 95 95.4 108.6 100 102.5
»
63
«
1999 .»
1994 1995 1996 87 94.8 101.4 6 5.9 7.3 17.4 17.9 19 18 18 18 14.5 15.8 16.6 53.5 51.4 53.7 26.8 27.9 27.5 0.03r 0.03r 0.15r 29.8 34.7 37.5 32.4 35.4 35.3 3.61r 3.7r 3.85r 25.8 28.4 29.8 8.6r 6.69r 6.62r 14.9 16.8 17.5 268.4 268.6 269.9 71.3 72.3 76.1 8.9 8.7 8.5 21.5 23.3 24.6 22.1r 20.2r 22.3r 18.8 20.1 20.7 1091.9 1086.5 1128.8 20 20.1 21.3 65.7 69.2 76.8 19.6 20 19 78.7 76.3 78.6 11.4 12.1 12.5 77.9 71.4 73.6 809.8 807.7 836.5 8.8 9.7 10.5 . 39.4 41 41.7 34 35.3 35.9 5.4 5.7 5.8 3057.99 3099.78 3193.75 3191.8 3234.6 3324.6
.
1997 1998 98/97, % 110.3 93.3 84.6 8 8.2 102.5 20.2 19 94.1 17.9 17.7 98.9 16.5 17.5 106.1 55.4 59.1 106.7 29.1 29.2 100.3 0.03r 0.03r 100 37.8 34.5 91.3 36 37.2 103.3 4 3.6 90 30 30.1 100.3 6.79r 7 103.1 18.8 18.2 96.8 266.3 255 95.8 78.3 79.5 101.5 8.3 8.4 101.2 26 27.3 105 23r 22.5r 97.8 21 21.3 101.4 1152.3 1166.1 101.2 22 23.1 105 79.9 83.2 104.1 18.7 18.4 98.4 82.1 83.2 101.3 12.5 12.3 98.4 77.9 81.9 105.1 848 852.4 100.5 11.2 11.6 103.6 43.1 43.5 100.9 37 37.4 101.1 6.1 6.1 100 3247.92 3233.43 99.6 3386.3 3389 100.1
: r
: [19, .3; 37, .75; 136; 137, .1; 152,
; 209, .417; 217, .24]
1.18 :
, = BP Amoco. , ,
+
,
–
(
). -
. .
«
-
».
. ,
.
1998 . ,
2131 [136].
, ; 18.7%,
, 62.9% 15
, 634
,
,
( 0.2% (
)
.1.15).
2.3%.
.
«
64
1998 .
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
– -
«
1999 .»
.
(
)
,
. 1.15 , 1994 966.3
1995 955.5
1996 988.8
1997 1008.0
1998 1017.6
98/97,% 100.9
809.8 187.1
807.7 194.8
836.5 205.9
848.0 211.8
852.4 216.7
100.5 102.3
711.5
722.3
738.4
748.7
759.4
101.4
599.3 183.7 101.4 807.3
606.0 189.9 105.2 850.1
618.9 197.7 108.5 888.9
623.0 201.9 109.3 919.7
633.4 204.3 111.9 894.9
101.7 101.2 102.3 97.3
149.6 268.3 2957.6
160.6 268.5 3017.7
174.4 269.9 3128.0
185.6 266.2 3199.6
190.2 254.9 3204.5
102.5 95.8 100.2
2039.3
2046.3
2104.1
2138.2
2131.0
99.7
.: . .:
.: ( ) .: : [135; 136]
. ,
,
,
(
.1.16). 1.16
1998 ., %
41.5
30.4
7.7
20.4
43.1 25.5 24.2
31.1 37.7 42.2
5.1 19.7 15.8
20.7 17.1 17.8
24.3 17.3 21.8 22.6
43.4 34.9 40.2 38.5
14.9 33.4 23.9 22.4
17.4 14.4 14.1 16.5
20.3 26.3 28.8
32.5 37.0 36.6
24.9 18.6 16.7
22.3 18.1 17.9
33.5
35.6
12.1
18.8
.: . .:
.: ( .
) :
« («
»
,
« ,
» , « «
,
») , ( »
,
»
,
-
) ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
;
.
: [136]
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
65
«
, 674.3 – 38.9%; 20.6%, – 18.3%, ) – 3.3% [201, .18]. – ( 134.3 . .): 21.8%, – 11.2%,
1999 .»
.
-
1998 .
. – 8.5%,
– 8.1%, 1998 . – – 22.6%, – – 2.1% . [204, .31]. ( .1.20). . , . , 0.05% 2005 . 0.005%, [205, .4].
– 40.5%,
, – 0.013
0.005
, ,
, –
-
. 1.17–1.23,
1.24–1.25.
, ,
«
. ) -
»( ,
. . ,
, ,
-
.
,
«
»
. 1.17 (
1994 128.2 193.73 0.11 0.13 77.87 0.04r 0.27 2.9 0.05 0.85r 111.34 0* 0.09 ...r 0.04 0.05 0 808.25 0.5
.
1995 122.3 206.87 0 0.07 76.48 0.49 0.52 5.13 0.38 1.01 121.86 0* 0* 0.74 0.06 0.12 0.01r 752.91 0.5r
1996 125.6 223.41 0r 0.07 77.65 1.09 0.89 4.62 0.32 0.69 136.8 1 0.13 0r 0.02 0.12 0.01r 790.99 0.01
) 1997
1998
127.1 218.04 0r 0.06 71.8 1.01 0.7 6.51 0.32 0.23 136.91 0r 0.16 ... 0.04 0.3 0.01r 921.28 0.2r
98/97, %
137.2 223.11 0r 0.03r 71.5r 1r 0.6r 6.9r 0.3r 0.3r 142 0r 0.15r 0r 0.03r 0.3r 0r 963.32 1r «
66
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
107.9 102.3 ... 54 99.6 99.2 85.7 106 93.3 130.7 103.7 ... 91.5 ... 71.8 101.2 0 104.6 500 »
«
1999 .»
1994
.
. .
1995
8.6 6.9r 0.05 1r 44.1 2.94 125.19 ... 12.7 16.67 0r 18.55 94.78 19.37 ... 93.94 34.19 0.53 310.71 17.01 0r 0.5 0.02 229.92 31.49 23.6 0.19 15.83 1.08 7.87 4.38 8.62 54.12 79.5 3.23 250.34 10.53 0.1r 88.63 0.19 51.98 9.14 69.21 0.68 0.04r ... 4.95 2.79 12.1 11.41 10.31 1.1
7.71 6.7r 0.03 1r 37.09 3r 105 ... 11.4 18r 0 18.83 80r 19.25 ... 86r 35.73 0.31 302r 18.37 0r 1 1r 226.77 32.29 25r 0.12 17.1r 1.5r 7.24 3.73 8.5r 48r 80r 3.29 275.65 14.01 0.1r 95.18 0.13 60.01 14.22 68.49 1.1r 1.44 0.14r 4.75 2.99 13.1 11.15 10.17 0.99
1996 7.42 8.8 0.07 1r 38.84 3r 126.15 ... 14.5 20.5r 0r 20.4 80r 17.4 ... 89r 40.6r 0.35 304r 17.44 0r 0.5r 1r 249.8 33.93 30r 0.08 18.57 1.4r 6.68 4.98 10r 51r 90r 3.15 300.09 17.23 0.1r 103.5 0.53 60.18 16.63 79.66 1.1r 1.8 0.1r 4.8r 2.66 11.8 11.43 10.36 1.07
1997
1998
7.09 9.5r 0.07r 1r 39.36 55r 126.5r 15r 14.89 25r 0r 19.83 57.3 17.3r ... 90r 40.7r 0.4r 385 16r 0r 0.04 1.1r 271.3 40r 31.5r 0.1r 17r 1.4r 11r 5.1r 10r 52r 100r 3.2r 373.24 17.63 0.1r 150.56 0.2r 73.6 17.77 88.98 1.1r 2.2 0.1r 5.4 2.9 12.7 14.52 12.93 1.59
98/97, % r
7.3 9.5r 0.1r 1r 39r 74.5 112.5 15.8r 17.2 26.5r 0r 15.6 87 16.8r 0.02 96r 40.5r 0.4r 383.5 17.5r 0r 0.5r 1.1r 261.2 30r 32.5r 0.1r 16.5r 1.3r 11r 5.1r 10r 50.5r 101 3.2r 357.35 18r 0.1r 148 0.2r 63.5 18r 85.2 1.1r 2.2r 0.1r 5.5 2.95r 12.5r 11.8 10.2 1.6r
102.9 100 142.9 100 99.1 135.5 88.9 105.3 115.5 106 ... 78.7 151.8 97.1 ... 106.7 99.5 100 99.6 109.4 ... 1182 100 96.3 75 103.2 100 97.1 92.9 100 100 100 97.1 101 100 95.7 102.1 100 98.3 100 86.3 101.3 95.8 100 100 100 101.9 101.7 98.4 81.3 78.9 100.6
: * r
: [4, .4; 8, .13; 14, .15; 20, .13; 22, .32; 35, .90; 38, .171; 43, .347; 44, .150; 45, .279; 136; 137; 139, .8; 142, .10; 155, .56; 172, .60; 186, .16; 187, .52; 210, .569; 215, .233; 217, .24; 218, .204-205; 219, .196; 220, .190; 221, .193-194; 227, .113]
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
67
«
1999 .»
.1.18).
BP Amoco -
, (
,
,
,
). , ,
.
. 1.18 1998 . (
BP Amoco), , % 8.1 63.5 85.2 115.1 39.8 0.1 123.3 817.0 100.9 152.5 10.2 14.3 45.9 9.0 1584.9
0.5 4.0 5.4 7.3 2.5 0.0 7.8 51.5 6.4 9.6 0.6 0.9 2.9 0.6 100.0
: 1. 2. 3.
«
»
,
,
.
4.
,
-
:[136]
,
(
)
-
. . «
, Amoco (
» .
.1.18)
BP
. .1.19. 1.19 ( 1994 8.2 597.37 7.79 0.17 12.5 27.2r 5.9 42.72 5.6
.
68
.
: 422-0000
1995 8.5 582.79 7.9r 0.17r 10.5 25.8 7.39 40.36 5.87
1996 126 607.5 7.95r 0.17r 10.64 27.32 6.89 41.27 5.51
) 1997 7.9 607.97 8.47 0.1r 10.85r 32.33 5.83 41.38 5.48
« » E-mail: [email protected]
1998
98/97, %
7.9 619.63 8.5r 0.1r 10.8r 32.5r 5.1r 41.5r 5.5r
100 101.9 100.4 100 99.5 100.5 87.4 100.3 100.4
«
»
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
«
1999 .»
1994
1995
106.04 14.8 5.61 2.31 0.7r 53.57 75.63 1.2r 0.91 0.11 56.58 1.05 12.72 13.44 8.12 4.83 0.41 16.5 9.84 78.5r 1.43 6.49 4.77 17.95 2r 546.32 0.2 1 1.2r 11r 0.4 11.21 35 9.47 2.98 0.1 4.5 0.75r 12.35 0.83 77.69 1.5r 1.54 4.1 51.24 17.24 24.16 0.01 21.18 3.1 11.65 1.81 240.11 35.41 1.02 0.1r 0.55
100.55 11.36 5.24 2.5r 0.8r 52.3 73.06 1.2r 3.01 0.1 59.99 1.41 12.96 13.24 8.66 5.3 0.52 13.3 8.39 75.79 4.93 7.05 4.54 16.6 2r 587.84 1 1r 1.25r 11.2r 0.4r 13r 27.36 9.29 3.16 3.3r 2.7 0.81 17.09 1.02 84.28 1.36r 1.28 4.17 51.5 21.27 29.75 0 23.61 0.1 15.97 1.74 260.22 35.85 1.1r 0.1r 0.5r
1996 103.54 17.85 5.17 2.08 0.8r 51.95 74.54 1.2r 3.67 0.9r 61.49 1.33 13.35 11.13 7.16 5.44 2.67 11r 9.5 83.24 4.1 7.67 5.29 21.34 1.32 618.46 0.5r 1r 2.42r 11.2r 0.4r 10.26 33.71 9.42 3.27 3.2r 2.5r 0.75 22.62 0.94 81.33 1.4r 0.7r 3.86 55.47 29.21 33.4 0r 22.77 0r 17.07 1.87 269.2r 35.52 1.1r 0.1r 0.5r
1997
1998
100.74 10.75 4.77 2.89 0.8r 53.47 78.03 0r 5.03 0.41 61.2 1.56 13.4r 12.7 6.24 5.45r 2.72 8.56 9.48 86.96 4.01 7.02 4.83 21.01 1.5r 686.46 0r 1r 2.4r 10r 0.4r 10.3r 51.5r 9.4r 3.28r 3r 2.5r 1.04 35.47 0.51 116.68 1.4r 0.6r 3.9r 55.51 34r 34.48 0r 23.1r 0r 18.8r 1.6 265.6r 40.61 1r 0.1r 0.5r
105.7 11r 4.75r 2.95r 0.8r 54r 79r ... 4.9r 0.45r 61.1 1.6r 13.45r 13r 5.7r 5.5r 2r 9.58 9.5r 92 4.1 7.1r 4.85r 21.1r 1.5r 628.77 0r 1r 2.4r 10r 0.4r 10.2r 49 9r 3.35r 2.8 2.5r 1r 27.3 0.8r 93.3r 1.42r 0.3r 4r 45r 30.5r 37r 0r 23.3r 0r 18.2r 1.7r 254.3r 40.12 1r 0.1r 0.5r
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
98/97, % r
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
104.9 102.3 99.6 102.2 100 101 101.2 ... 97.3 110.6 99.8 102.6 100.4 102.4 91.3 100.9 73.7 111.9 100.3 105.8 102.3 101.1 100.4 100.4 100 91.6 ... 100 100 100 100 99 95.1 95.7 102.1 93.3 100 96.2 77 158.1 80 101.4 50 102.6 81.1 89.7 107.3 ... 100.9 ... 96.8 106.2 95.7 98.8 100 100 100
»
69
«
1994 ... 2.17 3.04 0.38r 0.24 6.86 0.3 0.06r 1.04 0.06r 0.58 0.61 0.2r 18.2r 448.83 0.49 4.3r 0.11 23.35 1.5r 0.79 0.24r 1.99 33.96 0.6r 4.93 0.77 ... 9.44 0.72 1.19 0.24 0.97 0.66 353.15 1.5 0.18 6.96 0.8 23.68 20r 3.68
.
.
.
1995 ... 1.68 2.5r 0.38r 0.44 6.75 0.65 0.06r 1.2r 0.09 0.7r 0.91 0.2r 18.6r 464.16 0.7 4.3r 0.19 22.61 1.5r 0.78 0.24r 2.03 36.37 0.71 5.14 0.71 0r 10r 0.76 1.22 0.23 2.46 0.75 361.5 1.8 1.46 7.92 0.79 24.14 20.27 3.86
1996 0.9 1.41 2.5r 0.38r 0.33r 5.74 0.55r 0.06r 1.2r 0.1 0.7r 0.76 0.2r 19r 484.56 0.78 4.3r 0.2r 24.99 1.5r 0.8r 0.24r 1.45r 39.44 0.68 4.9r 0.77r ... 10r 0.6r 2.04 0.15 2.91 0.72 375.4 2.1 1.51 8.44 0.65 25.81 22.23 3.58
1999 .»
1997
1998 r
98/97, % r
0.9 1.83 2.5r 0.38r 0.33r 6r 0.54r 0.06r 1.2r 0.07 0.7r 0.7r 0.2r 23.6 527.63 0.96 4.3r 0.2r 24.43 1.5r 0.74 0.24r 1.45r 47.3 0.69r 5.2 0.77r 0 10r 0.3r 1.7r 0.2r 2.8r 0.79 411.25 2.1r 1.5 8.55 0.65 26.75 23.18 3.57
0.9 1.9r 2.5r 0.38r 0.35r 6r 0.54 0.06r 1r 0.07r 0.7r 0.7r 0.22r 23.2r 541.94 0.98r 4.3r 0.2r 24.6r 0.3r 0.72r 0.24r 1.5r 38.3 0.7r 5.2r 0.75r 0 10r 0.5r 1.8r 0.2r 2.8r 0.79r 435.3 2r 1.5r 8.56r 0.7r 27.06 23.5r 3.56r
100 103.6 100 100 106.1 100 100 100 83.3 100.5 100 100 110 98.3 102.7 101.7 100 100 100.7 20 97.4 100 103.4 81 101.4 100 97.4 ... 100 166.7 105.9 100 100 100.1 105.8 95.2 99.8 100.1 107.7 101.2 101.4 99.8
: r
: [21; 22, .32; 26, .21; 28, .11; 38, .171; 42, .321; 43, .347, 357; 48, .22; 133, .213, 219, 223, 229, 243, 252, 269, 271, 275; 136; 139, .8; 155; 172, .59; 186, .16; 187, .52; 204, .25; 209, .417; 212, .375; 213, .449; 214, .451; 217, .24, 28; 218, .206-207; 219, .198-199; 220, .191-192; 221, .195-196; 227, .108]
, . 1998 .
0.7% 1996 . -
4.6% . .1.20.
«
70
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1.20 1998 . (
BP Amoco), , % 425.8 38.3 53.1 417.9 51.6 4.2 7.5 2.2 24.7 25.8 27.3 218.7 269.8 18.0 1584.9
: . : [136]
26.8 2.4 3.4 26.4 3.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 13.8 17.0 1.1 100.0
.1.22
1.18
1.20
,
BP Amoco . -
48% ,
,
60% (
). 1998 .
117.9 19.3
(14.5
,
[14, .15]. .
1998 . ( – (11.2), (9.0), (7.5), ( 3.9), ( ( 1998 . – 48.3% ) « », ( 1998 . – 29.9 ), (8.2 ) (6.1 .1.21.
(14.1), (4.0), , ),
, %): (5.5), (4.4), 3.0) [12, .16].
, ).
26.3%
1.21 , 1998 ., , % 18.5 14.0 12.2 8.3 7.0 6.9 6.1 5.8 4.5
, %
16.3 12.3 10.7 7.3 6.2 6.1 5.4 5.1 4.0
34.5 39.8 35.8 34.0 35.5 54.8 30.7 33.5 38.1
: [33, .81]
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
71
«
, 30-40% «
(
»–
1999 .»
55%). ,
(
8.0-8.5
),
-
, -
( 3 40% ( .1.22).
).
1.22 ,% 1994
1995
40.2 25.4
1996
41.0 26.1
1997
43.0 32.4
1998
42.7 34.0
46.9 27.9
: [12, .16]
,
70%,
, : ,
, 60%,
–
90% , 50%.
–
–
80%,
–
–
;
,
, ,
-
, ,
1994 . 25 ,
. 50%
,
– ,
,
-
62% – (
.1.23). 1.23 , 1998
1994
1995
1996
63.0 57.5 51.3 52.0 31.0 18.0 10.3 0 10.6 12.9 54.9 361.5
62.4 65.1 60.3 53.7 29.7 17.2 11.3 0 11.7 14.6 49.4 375.4
1997 %
64.8 51.7 46.9 49.1 31.2 16.1 7.3 0 15.3 9.5 61.25 353.15
64.6 69.7 68.0 59.9 34.4 21.2 13.5 4.4 12.6 14.4 48.55 411.25
70.2 68.8 66.0 63.3 34.4 23.2 17.4 16.8 15.0 11.0 49.2 435.3
16.1 15.8 15.2 14.5 7.9 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.4 2.5 11.4 100.0
: [172, .59; 187, .55]
,
70-
: ;
( «
72
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
,
1998 .
50%
-
); ; .(
, 1998 .
, ).
. 300 ,
,
. , -
90-
, ,
. ,
):
(
,
1993 .
53%
1997 .
46%.
.
, 1994 . – 50.7%,
, ,
,
, ,
1998 .:
, –
20
,
1.9% -
[187, .55]. , .
US Energy Information Administration,
2020 .
21.5%, 64% [190, .35].
, ,
. 493.4
1998 .
. 20% –
43%
(213.4 ) , 18.8% – , 4% – ,
[136]. 39.8
, ), 7.8% –
( , 2.6% – (
)
. ( ).
,
, .
–
,
1998 . – , , -
, 23.4% –
,
, (14.1%) [136]
)
(41% -
. (209.6
,
80.6%); (13%),
(2.9%),
(1.3%) [136].
(
,
,
):
290.9 82% . (43.2%
1998 . ( . 1998 .
[136; 176, .43]. )
– 269.8
),
,
5% -
(41.5%); (45.7%
)
(33.1%) [136] « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
73
«
1998 . (
– 926.8
: 817 25%
) [136].
51.5% , 31.4% – , 11.3% –
1999 .»
. : 22.6% , 24.8% –
, 3.5% – [136].
-
(
), 3.2% – (
.1.24
1.25). ,
,
,
. 1.24 1998 ., , % 47.3
11.2
15.7
3.7
2.8
0.7
44.4
10.5
34.5
8.2
52.3
12.4
5.7 109.8
1.4 25.9
32.8
7.8
1.5
0.4
0.1
0.0
4.9
1.2
3.3
0.8
4.8
1.1
43.3 18.8
10.2 4.5
422.0
100.0
: 1) 2) 3)
«
»
,
, : [136; 187, .55]
-
.
, .
, ,
)
(
-
,
.
.1.26).
«
74
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1.25 1998 ., , % 100.1
23.8
8.6
2.0
16.0
3.8
11.7
2.8
75.5
17.9
4.9
1.2
14.7
3.5
3.1 5.2
0.7 1.2
7.4
1.8
3.8
0.9
3.0
0.7
21.7
5.1
41.5
9.8
84.8 20.0
20.1 4.7
422.0
100.0
: . .1.34 : [136; 187, .55]
1.26 1996-1998 1996
1997
., % 1998
25.9
8.4
27.1
8.1
28.4
8.5
7.8
0.0
6.3
0.0
6.6
0.0
20.1
8.8
17.8
6.0
24.2
4.4
20.1
41.0
17.8
45.6
24.2
47.1
8.4
1.0
7.5
1.3
6.6
1.5
0.0
5.9
0.0
5.4
0.0
4.8
6.3
6.3
6.8
6.5
7.2
6.2
13.3
28.6
19.5
27.1
12.9
27.5
: [204, .24]
, . «
» ,
(1998-1999 1997 . 1999 .
.)
. 20 «
./
., »
25.5 «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
.
»
75
«
.1.27 1.28, «Oil & Gas Journal».
–
1999 .»
.1.1–1.3. 1.27 ,
./
.
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
15.05
16.54
19.79
18.01
14.97
17.10
15.58
17.15
19.87
18.88
15.91
17.60
15.31
16.81
19.80
18.38
15.36
17.32
: [9, .14; 136; 184]
1.28 ,
-
./
.
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
14.76
16.09
18.56
18.14
12.16
17.04
15.98 16.21
17.18 17.35
20.81 21.17
19.30 19.44
13.11 12.62
18.20 17.80
17.21
18.42
22.16
20.61
14.39
18.36
(WTI) : [136; 208, .13], «Oil & Gas Journal»
./
1999 .
.
32 28 24 20 16 12 8 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
1999
2
3
2000 ,
.1.1.
, , 1999-2000
.,
./
.
«
76
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
./
.
32 28 24 20 16 12 8 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
1999 » « «
( ./
./
4
2000 «
.1.2.
3
» »
)
1999-2000
.,
.
.
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
1999
(
)
)
1999-2000
« .
: 422-0000
4
2000
WTI (
.1.3.
3
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
.,
./
.
»
77
«
1999 .»
« . . . (
».
-
,
)
.1.29. 1.29
1997
./ ./ ./
-
.
1998
1999
IV
I
II
III
IV
I-II
115.6 15.84 112.8
89.0 12.19 96.9
80.0 10.96 83.5
71.2 9.75 72.9
62.6 8.76 71.1
78.4 10.74 74.5
: [12, .16]
,
1997-1999
,
.
,
.
»
2%
1998 .
0.5%
,
1997 . ( ,
,
.1.30). .
-
1997 .,
,
, .
, 1.30 , 1995
1996
1997
1998
3.51 3.49 0.02
3.59 3.56 0.03
3.67 3.70 +0.03
3.69 3.75 +0.06
98/97,%
2000 (
100.5 101.4
)
3.81 3.80 +0.01
: [10, .16; 165, .78; 180, .93]
,
. 1998 .
9.32
./
.,
.
,
-
, . 0.5-2.0
.,
1 «
»
,
, -
. ( ,
,
). ( 23 ,
(
,
1999 .), ./ , , , –
«
78
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
),
»
«
5
1999 .»
./
,
7%
[11, .12]. , .
,
1999 .
,
3
, ,
2.6
./
-
. .
(
)
3 ( Centre for Global Energy Studies, 9 1999 . 235 .
, 3.8
./
).
800
27 26
./ ./
./
.
., . [15, .14].
./
.
2.7-
.
,
25-
,
,
. ,
.
,
, .
-
, . .
109-
2000 . –
1.45
./
. 2000 .) ./ ).
1 (2.0-2.5
, (
,
-
,
,
, 1.7
./
,
,
,
1.2
[16,
./
.12]. ,
. . ,
22-28
./
.
. 20-25 [17, .12-13].
, «
», 22-27
20
.
WTI
19-24
.
./
.
, .
-
, ,
. 2000 . ,
-
, ,
-
,
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
79
«
1999 .»
.
,
,
(
-
.1.31). 1.31 2000-2002
2000*
2002**
00/98, %
:
.
02/98, %
3.81
103.2
3.85
104.3
2.17
102.5
2.36
111.7
0.97
100.6
0.76
102.7
0.28
101.6
, .:
1.64
104.4
1.49
94.2
.
0.21
100.0
0.19
88.1
0.21
110.0
3.80
101.3
3.85
102.7
0.99
101.0
2.81
101.6
1.53
100.7
1.63
107.6
0.37
101.4
0.38
106.2
.:
: , .
0.13
0.93
) : *– ** –
Energy Information Administration (USA) «Oil & Gas Journal» : [9, .14]
2000 . 1999 . ( IV – 3.2%. 3.0% ,
–
2.4%
2.5%).
1.9%, .
,
-
, 1
./
[15, .15].
,
.
.
, ,
,
,
50
. , .
,
-
, (
.1.32).
«
80
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1.32 1997-1998 2000-2002 1997
.
., %
1998
39.9 43.1 20.8 40.4
.
2000
40.0 43.1 20.6 40.8
2002
39.8 42.9 20.3 40.4
39.7 42.8 20.3 40.4
: [9, .12]
,
-
, . 70. 13.8%; 0.5%.
1988-1998
.
-
27.3%, 1%
,
69.9, 46.5
0.7%. -
, [9, .12]. ,
, 0.6%
.
1% ,
, . . 0.85%
1%
.
-
. 0.9%
1%
.
, -
, . 2002 . 32% 14.5% –
72.3
./
, 36.7% –
.
-
,
.
. 6.3%
1998 .
,
6.2%,
. . .
,
, ,
-
, ,
,
,
. .
,
. -
.
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
81
«
1999 .»
,
18%
40%.
1973 .
,
-
, .
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
. 1997. 6. . 1997. 13. . 1997. 15. . 1997. 89. . 1997. 92. . 1998. 24. . 1998. 94. . 1999. 63. . 1999. 143. . 1999. 150. . 1999. 153. . 2000. 1. . 2000. 18. . 2000. 29. . 2000. 33. . 2000. 39. . 2000. 41. & . 2000. 1. i ./" ". , 1998.
( , 39.
. ).
1998 . . ., 1999. . 1995. 1995.
-
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1995
1998 ".
"
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": 30. 31. 32. 33.
, "
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.
., 1997. . .:
" , 1998. . 1999. 245. . 1998. 2. . 1998. 3. . 1999. 2-3.
. ".
51.
52.
:
/ . ., 1996. African Energy. 1999. V.1, 5. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Amoco discovers "fair-sized" oil field off Trinidad and Tobago. V.3, 9. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 283.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Amoco discovers deep gas in Louisiana. V.3, 20. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 035.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Amoco discovers gas in Texas. V.3, 22. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 848.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Amoco finds considerable oil and gas off North Norway. V.3, 19.
«
82
-
47.
,
01.01.1996 . , 1996.
., 1995.
, 1988.
4.
24.
27.
. :
46.
3. -
26.
, 1996. :
/
, 1999.
23.
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.:
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42. 43.
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-
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41.
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. 1995.
i 1996 , 1997.
.
21.
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, 1999.
40.
:
(
01.01.1999): , . ., 1999. ( -
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. 1999. 6. . 1999. 10. . 1996. 8. . 1998. 2.
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62.
63.
64.
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http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 730.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Amoco/Northstar discover gas in north-east British Columbia. V.3, 1. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 487.htm. 18.02.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Anadarko makes significant Gulf of Mexico oil and gas find. V.3, 23. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 053.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Apache discovers gas and oil in South Louisiana. V.3, 8. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 180.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Arco, Exxon, BP Exploration discover oil and gas around Prudhoe Bay. V.3, 11. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 493.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Aspen discovers gas in California. V.3, 10. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 387.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - BG finds gas off Irian Jaya. V.3, 19. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 729.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Big oil discovery in Saskatchewan. V.3, 2. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 601.htm. 3.03.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - BP finds gas in Norwegian Sea. V.3, 25. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 473.htm. 12.10.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Burlington Resources announces discoveries in GoM. V.3, 17. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 517.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Cabot Oil & Gas discovers gas in Appalachian exploration. V.3, 16. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 414.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Canadian 88 announces Devonian gas discovery. V.3, 23. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 049.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Canadian 88 Energy announces gas discoveries. V.4, 5. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix91 215.htm. 16.04.1999.
65. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Canadian 88 Energy discovers gas in West Central Alberta. V.3, 19. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 731.htm. 16.11.1998. 66. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Carrizo Oil & Gas announces several drilling successes. V.3, 17. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 518.htm. 16.11.1998. 67. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Chevron discovers gas trend in Lower Cretaceous reservoirs in Gulf. V.3, 18. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 625.htm. 16.11.1998. 68. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - China finds 3 oil and gas fields in Bohai Sea. V.3, 27. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 077.htm. 21.01.1999. 69. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - China finds rich oil and gas layers in Qaidam Basin. V.3, 27. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 078.htm. 21.01.1999. 70. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - CNOOC discovers new oilfield in Pearl River Basin. V.3, 26. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 770.htm. 24.12.1998. 71. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Cubacan finds hydrocarbons in Cuba. V.3, 14. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 906.htm. 16.11.1998. 72. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Deepwater discovery in Gulf of Mexico. V.3, 28. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 281.htm. 2.02.1999. 73. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Discovery in deep water offshore Gulf of Mexico. V.3, 1. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 497.htm. 18.02.1999. 74. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Discovery in Pangkah Block offshore East Java. V.3, 1. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 488.htm. 18.02.1999. 75. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Discovery of large gas field in south-western China. V.3, 22. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 846.htm. 16.11.1998. 76. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Discovery of oil and gas off Norway. V.3, 19.
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79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 732.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Drilling success in Cotton Valley. V.3, 23. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 056.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Dynamic discovers gas in Alberta. V.3, 11. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 497.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Enron announces production of recent Gulf of Mexico gas discoveries. V.3, 16. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 413.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Forcenergy discovers gas in Gulf of Mexico. V.3, 19. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 727.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Galveston Bay discovery flows well. V.3, 13. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 700.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Gas discovered in Alaska's Cook Inlet area. V.3, 28. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 285.htm. 2.02.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Gas discovery in south Louisiana. V.3, 14. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 903.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Gulf Canada discovers gas in Dutch sector of North Sea. V.3, 21. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 637.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Gulf Indonesia and Talisman finds more gas in South Sumatra. V.3, 21. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 639.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Gulf Indonesia discover gas in South Sumatra. V.3, 9. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 282.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Large find in Western Nebraska Gas Field. V.3, 7. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 078.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Large gas and oil field discovered in north-west China. V.3, 23. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 050.htm. 16.11.1998.
1999 .»
89. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Lundin Oil discovers oil and gas Malaysia. V.3, 22. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 845.htm. 16.11.1998. 90. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Mariner Energy announces deepwater gas discovery. V.3, 10. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 388.htm. 16.11.1998. 91. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Mobil confirms significant potential in deepwater off East Kalimantan. V.3, 27. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 286.htm. 2.02.1999. 92. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Mobil discovers gas and condensate off Western Australia. V.3, 28. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 282.htm. 2.02.1999. 93. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Mobil discovers gas in South Texas. V.3, 21. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 636.htm. 16.11.1998. 94. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Mobil's West Seno-2 second drill stem in Indonesia flows over 10,000 bpd. V.3, 24. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 263.htm. 16.11.1998. 95. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - More gas discovered in Irian Jaya. V.3 issue #25, 1998. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 466.htm. 12.10.1998. 96. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Murphy Oil discovers gas onshore South Louisiana. V.3, 25. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 471.htm. 12.10.1998. 97. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Natural gas discoveries in California. V.3, 23. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 057.htm. 16.11.1998. 98. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Natural gas found in Azov Sea. V.3, 26. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 767.htm. 24.12.1998. 99. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - New natural gas discoveries in Bolivia. V.3, 24. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 260.htm. 16.11.1998. 100. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - New pool oil discovery in the UK. V.3, 26. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 774.htm. 24.12.1998. 101. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Oil discovery in East Midlands basin in UK. V.3, 16.
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112.
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http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 411.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Oil discovery in Venezuela. V.3, 18. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 624.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Parallel Petroleum announces Texas discovery. V.3, 7. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 077.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Parallel Petroleum announces Yegua discovery. V.3, 26. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 766.htm. 24.12.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - PetroCanada announces discovery at Wildcat Hills. V.3, 12. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 702.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - PetroCanada makes significant gas discovery in Alberta Foothills. V.3, 4. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix91 010.htm. 4.01.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Petrobras finds big gas reserve in southern Bolivia. V.3, 4. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix91 009.htm. 4.01.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Phillips discovers more oil in Bohai Bay. V.3, 7. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 075.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Pogo discovers oil and gas off Thailand. V.3, 26. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 769.htm. 24.12.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Primeline confirms large East China Sea gas discovery. V.3, 11. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 495.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Ramco Energy discovers oil and gas in Czech Republic. V.3, 10. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 385.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Remington discovers gas offshore Louisiana. V.3, 19. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 728.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Results of successful South Louisiana exploration well. V.3, 23.
114.
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117.
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120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 055.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Romanian Petrom discovers new oilfield in Black Sea. V.3, 4. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix91 008.htm. 4.01.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Rutherford-Moran finds gas and oil in Gulf of Thailand. V.3, 28. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 284.htm. 2.02.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Significant deepwater Gulf of Mexico discovery. V.3, 21. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 641.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Significant gas and condensate discovery offshore Trinidad. V.3, 24. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 262.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Snyder discovers gas in Gulf of Mexico. V.3, 17. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 515.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Spirit Energy 76 discoveries. V.3, 20. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 033.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Spirit Energy 76 has discovery on West Cameron Block 278. V.3, 2. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 600.htm. 3.03.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Texaco and BG announce gas discovery offshore Trinidad. V.3, 2. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 603.htm. 3.03.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Tri Link finds new pool in Southeast Saskatchewan. V.3, 9. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 281.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Union Texas discovers oil in South-eastern Pakistan. V.3, 21. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 638.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Unocal and Mobil discover deepwater oil and gas field off Indonesia V.3, 24. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix84 264.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Unocal discovers gas in Gulf of Thailand. V.3, 1.
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133. 134. 135.
136.
137. 138.
139. 140.
http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 495.htm. 18.02.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Unocal discovers new oil play offshore Indonesia. V.3, 20. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix83 034.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Unocal finds oil and gas in East Kalimantan. V.3, 10. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 384.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Very large deposits discovered in North China. V.3, 2. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 698.htm. 3.03.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Vintage discovers gas and oil in Galveston Bay, Texas. V.3, 17. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 519.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Vintage Petroleum finds gas in Galveston Bay. V.3, 10. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix81 389.htm. 16.11.1998. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Williams discovers gas in East Texas. V.3, 27. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix85 075.htm. 21.01.1999. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - YPF makes gas and condensates discovery in Bolivia. V.3, 2. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix90 699.htm. 3.03.1999. ANEP-96: Annuaire europeen de l' industrie du petrol. Hamburg, 1996. Annual abstracts of statistics. 1996. 132. BP Amoco Annual Report 1998. http://www.bpamoco.com/reports/ara/downloa d/pdf/full_ara.pdf. 30.04.1999. BP Amoco Statistical Review of World Energy 1999. http://www.bpamoco.com/worldenergy/downl oad/excel/fullstat99.xls. 16.07.1999. British Petroleum Co. http://www.bp.com/bpstats. 1998. Energy in South and Central Asia: Supplement to Petroleum Economist. http://www.petroleum-economist.com. 1999, May. Gas in the Former Soviet Union. 1996. Map of World Oil and Gas Potential. Scale 1 : 5000000: Explanatory Note / VNIIzarubezhgeologia. M., 1995.
1999 .»
141. Mineral Resources of China / Editor in Chief: Yin Qingshan. Beijing: China Building Materials Industry Press, 1993. 142. Mining Journal. 1996. V.327, 8402. 143. Offshore. 1998. V.58, 2. 144. Offshore. 1999. V.59, 1. 145. Offshore. 1999. V.59, 2. 146. Offshore. 1999. V.59, 3. 147. Offshore. 1999. V.59, 5. 148. Offshore. 1999. V.59, 6. 149. Offshore. 1999. V.59, 8. 150. Offshore. 1999. V.59, 9. 151. Offshore. 2000. V.60, 3. 152. Oil & Gas 1999: Financial Times Energy Yearbook / Financial Times Business Ltd. London, 1998. 153. Oil and Gas Journal. 1995. V.93, 52. 154. Oil and Gas Journal. 1996. V.94, 53. 155. Oil and Gas Journal. 1997. V.95, 4. 156. Oil and Gas Journal. 1997. V.95, 14. 157. Oil and Gas Journal. 1997. V.95, 52. 158. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 4. 159. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 15. 160. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 23. 161. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 25. 162. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 26. 163. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 28. 164. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 29. 165. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 34. 166. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 36. 167. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 48. 168. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 50. 169. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 51. 170. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.96, 52. 171. Oil and Gas Journal. 1998. V.98, 41. 172. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 4. 173. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 7. 174. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 14. 175. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 17. 176. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 18. 177. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 20. 178. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 29. 179. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 30. 180. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 34. 181. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 36. 182. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 37. 183. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 50. 184. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 51. 185. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 1. 186. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 2. 187. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 5. 188. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 9. 189. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 15. 190. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 16. 191. Oil Gas European Magazine. 1999. V.25, 1. 192. Petrobras Magazin. 1997. V.5, 19. 193. Petroleum Economist. 1994. V.61, 4. 194. Petroleum Economist. 1996. V.63, 2. «
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195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215.
1999 .»
Petroleum Economist. 1996. V.63, 4. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 1. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 4. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 5. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 7. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 8. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 3. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 5. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 7. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 8. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 9. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 12. Petroleum Economist. 2000. V.67, 3. Petroleum Economist. 2000. V.67, 4. Petroleum Review. 1997. V.51, 608. Petroleum Review. 1997. V.51, 611. Rocznik statystyczny 1995 / Glowny Urzad Statystyczny. Warszawa, 1995. Rocznik statystyczny 1997 / Glowny Urzad Statystyczny. Warszawa, 1997. Statisticka rocenka Ceske Republiky 1996. Praha: Scientia, 1996. Statisticka rocenka Ceske Republiky 1997. Praha: Scientia, 1997. Statistik aarbook 1995: Norges offisielle statistik / Statistik sentralbyro. OsloKongsvinger, 1995.
216. Statistisk aarbok 1999 / Norges statistisk sentralbyraa. Oslo, 1999. 217. Ubersicht zur Rohstoffwirtschstan der Republik Kasachstan 1990 bis 1995 / Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenchaften und Rohstoffe Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Ministerium fur Geologie und Schutz der Bodenschatze, Republik Kasachstan. Hannover-Berlin-Almaty, 1996. 218. World Mineral Statistics 1990-94 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1995. 219. World Mineral Statistics 1991-95 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1996. 220. World Mineral Statistics 1992-96 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1998. 221. World Mineral Statistics 1993-97 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1999. 222. World Oil. 1996. V.217, 4. 223. World Oil. 1997. V.218, 8. 224. World Oil. 1998. V.219, 2. 225. World Oil. 1998. V.219, 8. 226. World Oil. 1998. V.219, 12. 227. World Oil. 1999. V.220, 8. 228. World Oil. 2000. V.221, 2.
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87
«
1999 .»
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: 422-0000
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»
«
1999 .»
, %
.
.
283 6000 800 611 5790 241 5.7 355 76 2858 9 1874 81 39 10421.3 3891 46 1.2 34 24 1 890 110 91 31 1313 2 1.4 57 85 3509 57 10r 5.7 85 28 65 37 25 22 13740.2 686 0.1 123 228 4132 3 1808 195 1.1 850 198 4754z . 560 98 104
0.2 4.2 0.6 0.4 4 0.2 0 0.2 0.1 2 0 1.3 0.1 0 7.2 2.7 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0 0.9 0 0 0 0.1 2.4 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 9.5 0.5 0 0.1 0.2 2.9 0 1.3 0.1 0 0.6 0.1 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.1
, % 0 1.3 2.6 3.6 7.4 1.3 -39.4 0.6 0 0 0 0 -18.2 0 5.7 5.2 -4.2 0 0 0 0 14.1 0 0 5.4 0.2 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 -4.3 -6.8 0.4 0 -5.4 -0.2 0.3 0 -0.5 -13.7 0 -52.7 0 -1.9 14.3 0 -1
166 162 100 30 72 60 190 22 84 205 45 34 8100 17 51 30 9 ... 13 ... 5 51 52 70 56 105 ... 47 ... ... 117 ... 100 ... ... ... 163 67 ... 11 13 20 ... 24 16 67 30 9 21 11 17 158 7 47 26 104 «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
91
«
1999 .»
, % .
1486 1263 69 154 144023.1
.-
, %
1 0.9 0 0.1 100
44.8 60.3 1.5 -9.4 0
39 39 12 1100 50
: * r z
" " : [21, .12; 42, .1-2; 43, .11; 48, .80; 49, .78, 118; 67, .35; 68, .43; 92, .153, 163; 93; 95; 96; 114, .40, 401, 40; 115, .38; 142, .38-39; 147, .93; 148, .93; 150, .93; 161, .48, 55; 172, .92; 173, .32; 193, .51; 196, .50; 202, .28; 206, .17; 209, .72; 253, .29, 73, 89, 104, 133; 256, .32, 42, 68, 77, 79, 96, 101, 104]
236.1 70-81%).
24.7% (
, ,
«
,
[68,
»
( 305-317 1999 .
) : – 8.3%, – 2.3%, . 500 ,
– 77.1%, 805 22
( .),
), 500 2.8% 55%
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-
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-
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:
,
(
, ( (
)
.; 24.1% –
(648)
.
) -
( (
[68, .42-43]. « » DeGolyer and MacNaughton ,
1998 . 01.01.1999 .
. :
(
)
,
32.3
. -
. 70% [29].
(SEC)
, 22% –
, 36% – 15-20 – 707 [76, .164-165; 244]. 6.3 . .
(
. ) 90% 30
): [76,
.164-165; 247].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
-
130
.
92
-
, .),
1998 .
1998 .
(764
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– 2.3%,
). 48.6%
-
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, );
30
.42].
[48, .47].
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–
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»
«
1999 .»
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. [76, .164-165; 133, .18-23; 252,
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,
,
),
-
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)
90
(
. .
.
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), (
1800 )
),
.
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) (
),
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2700-3500 . ;
, 3.6 6.8
, ;
90–
1996 .
(
)
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-
.
350
.
),
)
( , – 3
[230]. 7-8
(
).
. 3
[19, .223; 74, .222]. (
–
),
.
500 . -
. (
– (311), (263), [19, .223; 74, .41-42; 102, .96-97].
, (162),
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,
– 10.75 100 × 50 .
-
.
2700-2900 . 140
14
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).
,
, [74, .368; 216, .19; 240]. ( ) ), (31 ) [142, .38-39]. , 33%
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), ,
). (
)
– 14
–
,
-
.
90-
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,
). -
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»
93
«
1999 .»
.
-
,
. (
(
)
-
) [241]. 4.2 , 20% –
,
.
70% , 10% – ,
,
, – – 100
,
. ,
– 33
. (
50.9
,
– 127 ) – 140
– 74
,
–5
[231]. – 270 [74, .207], [74, .245].
. ) – ( -
[74, .161],
570
. (
)
).
– 1280-2740 ,
[74, .7]. , ,
.
. 10.05 –
14.9
,
–
53.7
, [177, .80].
(US Potential Gas Committee) 25 ; .
1.01.1999 . – 4
: ( 1996 . – 7497 ); – 5485 – 4245 ( 1996 . – 4562 ( ) – 3455 ( 1996 . – 3634 – 2940 ( 1996 .); 1053 ( 1996 . – 1070 ); , , – 628 ( 1996 . – 843 ). 1996 . 3.4% [152, .36; 257, .34]. (Gas Research Institut – GRI), 3.19 , ( – 6.14 ( 1000 – 4.27 ), 1.13 [108, .41-42; 174, .24-25]. ) – 7514 1996 .);
(
: , ,
, 83% 1998 .
, [122, .99-104]. , . 750 (1.5 –
( ( );
-
200 ) –
; ).
.
-
,
. «
» (unconventional)
.
1998 .
«
94
); –
(1995 .), . ,
4575 ). 3.2
1998 .
-
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
7%
[173, .32]. :
– 22%; 26%
– 38%, – 21%; – 8.5% [254, .46].
– 9%; . 30
-
[156, .51]. -
. 150
(
200 )
, 48 [108, .41-42].
; –
-
: .
7000 . 1000–3000 .
-
, . [19, .241-243; 74, .313-314; 102, .29]. ( , , , , 630-700 – 262 . , 1065-2076 . [74, .240, 354]. , : 20 400 2500 . – 105 .
215
), . .
– -
,
– -
, 164 . 610-2225 . [19, .240-243; 74, .8].
, 201
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). .
, .
. – 2038
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.
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. ,
.
: , 74, .183-184, 399; 102, .139]. (
,
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( ).
– 2.8
1000
. 4 5200 . ):
. ,
. ; ( (229), «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
(849),
–
»
95
«
(283), 102, .139].
(103),
1999 .»
(184) [19, .232-235; 74, .136, 408-409; 850-
990
,
740
.
14
[74, .40; 217, .9; 246]. :
(771 (235
,
– 490
, 350 (165 ),
(41
),
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), (23
)
),
), , 150 ),
.
–
-
.
.
425 . [19, .212; 74, .58, 63-64, 143, 403-404, 503, 58; 102, .137138]. (
)
, (294
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4.5
: -
,
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.
.
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,
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153
.
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; [74,
. .
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,
( , ), .142, 301-302, 502; 102, .140; 117, .102-105].
99 ,
,
. ,
, 7
,
,
,
. .
10
.
. (177
). 300–4500 .
(180
, , [19, .241-243; 74, , -
)
.
. .449; 102, .139].
, 1200 9 .
320
.
1427
. ,
. .
-
60
.
, 700
4500 .
–
. 1072 (471
[74, .445-446]. ) 4.5
(354
) -
. «
96
-
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
. – 75
. ,
– 70
[74, .211-212, 353-
354; 102, .139]. (National Energy Board – NEB) – 7.4 , – 2.7 , .
– 4.2
– 5.7 3.45
16.7
, – 1.9
-
, – 0.5
, -
7.7-9.3 Petro-Canada ,
[145, .27]. 1.75
, –
[154, .27-28]. .
Newfoundland Ocean Industries Association (NOIA) 232 , – 1.52 – 510 ( 538 , 119 [124, .33; 137, .30; 224]. « » . , 1621
1.38
.
–
), – 472
.
, 113
–
–
[186, .30].
.
, , (
1500 )
. 1000
2600 .
, ,
2500–3000 .
.
[19, .220; 74,
(
82 ) .184-185; 102, .138; 224]. (
),
254
,
[74, .602; 102, .137]. ,
3
),
(7
)
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. 17 [74, .449-450; 137, .27; 211, .43]. (13 ), (17), (3) . ( – 200 ), : (96 ), (30 ), , , . , 2500 ( ). 420 . . 200–1100 [74, .67, 305, 506-507, 577; 102, .141].
85 (5)
,
.
: 422-0000
.
2465–2930
(
)
,
« « » E-mail: [email protected]
: -
;
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
-
»
97
«
1999 .»
(EIA) [248]. 1020 [161, .48].
13
,
8.9 ,
.
91%
, 1275 , 9% –
( ,
)
90% –
4
-
.
. ,
(
) 9
16% [35, .252]. , . 14 –
17
.
, –
.
85
, , 1.01.1997 . – 447 – 82
: ),
– 146 ) [193, .51].
(42
. -
5100 [35, .590-591]. 1998 . 490 (138 ),
Pemex Sewell and Associates
(
[256,
,
.42]. . (
) .
210 .
290
(24 (17
,
) ) – , 900–2400 . )
, (
47
, ,
. .
,
(20
) .
3500 ,
– 140 . 2100–2300 .
-
, ). – 2.5
20
– 2.8 .
500 27
(200-
;
.
,
;
-
. 85%
.
). -
( , , (156), ,
): (155),
(
(372), (100),
(218), (71)
– (195),
p. ,
– 70%),
, .
25
.
«
98
, -
. – 55 × 75
500 . 216
-
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
,
, ( 1993 . – 420 Wood Mackenzie, [209, .60].
, 1470 (19
), (48),
(12), (38 , 10 .
0.1 4 1.3
)
,
.
, , ( 2 [228]. –
[34, .432; 74, .40].
, 140
100
.
70% ) 3050–3230 . – 480
,
,
.
125 125-140
1000–3300 . – 200
. -
400
2200-4100 . 42 2500-4300 . . 70- –90[109, .12-15]. (10 × 5 ). 66 – 147 [34, .432; 74, .46]. .
)
-
(33), )
. (
391
).
(
,
, ,
, 32
40
-
. ; .
[35, .451;
. (
.
)
74, .504].
. 3-15 ,
3
[74, .527]. . 38
, (3.1% , , (
– 8.4
)
[74, . 699 (84.9),
(161),
[130, .28].
) .639-640]. (
; (48)
(22.6).
.63]. –
« » E-mail: [email protected]
-
):
48.4 [253, ( 1900–2900 ), [19, .243; 237]. , -
« : 422-0000
)
( – 45
.
-
. .
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
99
«
1999 .»
,
.
: – 1300 31
-
.
17
. [237].
.
-
, ;
30 .
(
,
, (
.
)
240 , . – 1.87
2975 . 1%
, .
[74, .544-545].
) 280014% , -
( ,
),
12
-
-
;
[19, .244]. .2.2. 2.2 1997-1998
.,
1997 « » NIOC Qatar General Petroleum Corp. Saudi Aramco Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. Petroleos de Venezuela SA Sonatrach Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. Petronas Pertamina Royal Dutch/Shell Kuwait Petroleum Corp. China National Petroleum Co. Libian National Oil Corp. Exxon Corp. BP Amoco Mobil Corp. Chevron Corp.
27000 23000 8500 5400 5350 4120 3700 3250 2260 2045 1590 1480 1160 1310 1190 860 480 282
1998 32300 23000 8500 5770 5550 4150 3690 3510 2312 2045 1710 1480 1370 1310 1200 877 445 263
: [95; 134, .60-61; 165, .72-74]
(
)
». . , 1
– 69.1
;
107.3 4029.7
«
»
1998 .,
. 2D
734.8
3D. «
100
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
– 1975
.
1
.
:
.,
. ( BP Amoco
1999 . . ( – 326 300-400 1999 . 6
.
SDX-1 ( 220 ; ) 1.42
« » BP Amoco – 425
;
. 380
. ) [28].
) 363
; 1.7 50-600
70
5892 : 1.78 . [178, .8].
6316 ) 700 [158, .35]. SDX-2. (
, .
,
.
( , 4-7 [56, .109-110]. , 1996 ., : BP Amoco , 25.5%), Statoil ASA (25.5%), « » (10%), Elf Petroleum Azerbaijan BV (10%), LukAgip N. V. (10%), Oil Industries Engineering & Construction (10%), Turkish Petroleum Overseas Co. Ltd. (9%). , ( ) ( 0.3 ) [224]. . Talisman Energy 1998 . 11 , 76 . -c-47-L, 4422 , 1.64 . , , 0.2-0.6 [202, .43]. 1999 . Petro-Canada . -W5M 3800 , 90 , 1 ; 566708 . [201, .43]. 1999 . Chevron Canada Resources ( ), 17 . -29 3050 360 1 . Chevron 2-2.8 . 74000 , . , Berkley Paramount 90 1.27 ; 5.7 [204, .25-26]. Shell Prospecting & Development Peru BV Mobil Exploration & Production Peru Inc. 75 . 1998 . ( -1-X) 85 [164, .28]. ,
,
).
–
,
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
101
«
1999 .»
. Braspetro Total Exploration Production Bolivie SA) 1998 . ( ) . 70 . 4300 ( )– , . 2001 . 4.5 [88]. Union Texas de Bolivia ( Arco) Maxus Bolivia ( YPF) BG Exploration and Production -1 ( 4850 ) [84]. Dong Won Corp. 50 . ( , ) , , – 4665 . 0.57 , – 1.7 . 110 [87; 89]. 1999 . XX( Total, .ITAU-X1) (Braspetro). ; – 2 . 285 [145, .36; 170, .38; 201, .45; 206, .27, 76]. 1998 . BP Development of Norway AS. 120 . – 860 , – 3351 . 200-400 . . [82; 237]. ( 18/20, Enterprise Oil plc) . 350 , 70 . 18/20-1 1996 ., . 1997 . Enterprise . .18/20-2z 1998 . 1.78 . Wood Mackenzie 34 . Enterprise ; 5/94 Statoil Ltd. 1998 . . , , 140 . . , . , , 750 . [137, .34; 206, .72]. Gulf Canada Resources 1999 . . -2 1.2 40 ( 2055-2074 2121-2650 ). 5.5% 2 . 1999 . -3 764 23 . 1991 ., . . 72 . -2 2.4 60 2121-2203 2517 ). Wood Mackenzie 28 . , ( 20 ) (Petolera Andina
«
102
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1998 .
,
. Gulf Canada Resources Pertamina (10%) [85; 145, .30;
, 54%) Talisman Energy Inc. (36%) 164, .73-74; 202, .46; 206, .77]. ( . ) BG Exploration & Production ; Arco
) Atlantic Richfield (Arco) 370 . ( 1 ) -9, 10 11, , ,
(
-
[81; 86; 228]. Unocal Indonesia ,
(
Mobil Makassar Inc., -2 .)
,
,
–
-
. [90]. 1999 .
, West Natuna Gas Conoco, Premier Oil, Gulf Indonesia Pertamina) . 1999 . Conoco , 28 [162, .36; 228]. (Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area, JDA) , -19 -17 1997-1998 . , . -2 (0.4 13.6 ) -5 (0.3 15 ) [123, .14-18]. 1998 . – 260 . 80, China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC) 1993 . (Sichuan’s Petroleum Administration Bureau) [83]. . , 1997 . Primeline Energy Holdings Inc. ( ) -1 ( 2/32) 280 13 2250 . 543 . 3300 . 1998 . 233 8200 . 20 , 20 , , – 125 [161, .80-81; 163, .88]. , , 1999 ., , 110-170 [201, .46]. 1998 . Hardy Oil OMV (P kistan) Exploration ( ). -1 3587 ( ) 75 . 25%. -X-1 ( Energy Inc.
22)
2002 . [119, .42]. Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. ( ) 1.56 . «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
1999 . Pyramid 1999 . »
103
«
22
1999 .»
-X-1. [158, .37; 203, .41]. ( ,
) .
.
-6
1998 .
– 272
[202, .24-26].
1998 . Mobil Exploration & Production Australia Pty. ( WA-214-P). 3742 1.5 54 . – 70 . 1999 . Australian Petroleum (Wapet), , , : , , , , . 390 , – 110 610 [139, .45]. Wapet, WA-267-P -1 [167, .42]. .
-1/ST-1
Gorgon LNG, West ,
– 1999 .
,
1998 . British Gas -1 – 2850
Edison.
(
-
, 1998 .
). 110
700 . 2003 .
-
,
: 2.55
-
1998 .
-1 – -
.
. , [160, .3; 206, .70; 209, .60; 256, .83].
5.5 .
,
, . 1999 . (Avner Oil and Exploration, Dalek Exploration, Samadan Reading & Bates) 849 -1. BG International Isramco Inc. . (56.6 .89-90; 209, .69]. 1998 . Neste Oy (14%)
)
-
-
1999 .
-1,
695
[167,
Amoco Corp. (60%), Occidental Petroleum Corp. (26%)
-
. (
, 9, 15, 27, 31
44)
14
. [139, .44].
1998 . (
,
(
),
)
(
.2.3
2.4).
-
. ( ,
.
, 1998 .
), 20%
.
«
104
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
2.3 , 1994 r
1995
615 315.51 1.4 0.06 0.29 0.06 80r 5.8 20.21 0.01 6.8r 2.71 0.8 20.64 79.38 45r 4.63 21r 0.28 0r 18.3 4.97 2.16 0.13 0.89 518.97 6.38 0.3 6.43 10 10.18 0.72 0.01 0.02 17.56 80r 0.36 3.4r 66r 12r 4.5 18.3r 0.04 17 7.5r 27.5r 1.5 33r 7r 17.76 70r 5.7r 0.04 10.48 0.87 35.64 0.2 46.3 0.01r 2.27
.
r
605 316.63 1.5 0.12 0.27 0.05 80r 5.49 20.21 0.02 6.68 2.9 0.4 20.34 78.35x 48r 4.8 21.06 0.25 0.02 18.1 4.85 2.2x 0.11 0.9 547.13 6.1 0.3 7.35 10r 11r 1.34 0.01 0.02r 20r 83r 0.3 3.39 70r 12r 5.9 18.5r 0.04 17.5r 10.8r 36.48 1.75 35r 8r 18.29 72r 4.36 0.04 10.5r 0.95 32.3 0.2 47.6 0.01 2.1
1996 r
610 356.88 1.49 0.02 0.28 0.04 98.32 4.93 22.62 0.04 7.96 2.74 0.47 20.14 89.7 59.45 4.8 18.26 0.31 0.01 18.4 4.11 1.97 0.1 0.72 606.82 6.36 0.2 7.59 10.03 11.25 0.83 0.01r 0.02 22 89.43 0.27 3.48 82.4 14.62 6 18.95 0.04 20.1 10.87 42.8 1.73 46.53 8.84 19.72 77.65 4.39 0.04 13.24 0.95r 35.2 0.2 49 0.01 2.07
1997
1998
r
580 347.11 1.43 0.03 0.2 0.04 91.8 4.34 22.6 0.07 9.5 2.42 0.2 19.46 81.84 63r 4.72 21.26 0.3 0.01 17.34 3.82 1.87 0.1 0.76 607.82 5.96 0.2r 7.64 10r 11.6r 1.5r 0.05 0.02r 22.34 89.71 0.3r 4.6r 91.56 12r 7.6 22r 0.04 23 10.87 50.53 1.7r 36r 8r 19.8 78r 4.37 0.03r 16.53 0.86 17.3 0.2 51.3 0.01 2.2
588 349.79 1.44 0.02 0.2r 0.04r 96.8 4.8r 21.02 0.05r 9r 2.2r 0.2 19.4 79.9 65r 4.7r 21.29 0.3r 0.01r 17.26 3.5r 1.8r 0.1r 0.76 611.65 5.56 0.2r 7.8 10.5r 11 1.5r 0.03r 0.02 25r 84.33 0.29 ... 95.57 12r 8.24 23r 0.02 23 11.05 53r 1.7r 37r 8r 20.39 80r 4 0.03 16.34 0.9r 13.94 0.2 54.8 0.01r 2.23r
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
98/97, %
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
101.4 100.8 100.7 66.7 100 105.3 105.4 110.6 93 71.4 94.7 90.9 100 99.7 97.6 103.2 99.6 100.1 100 100 99.5 91.6 96.3 100 100 100.6 93.2 100 102.1 105 94.8 100 60 100 111.9 94 96.7 ... 104.4 100 108.4 104.5 50 100 101.7 104.9 100 102.8 100 103 102.6 91.5 100 98.9 104.7 80.6 100 106.8 172.4 101.4
»
105
«
1994
.
.-
201.86 130r 3.3r 2.6 0.2r 16r 2r 1.3r 0r 12.5r 0.1r 31r 0.1r 0.8 ...r 1.96 984.67 28.89 5.92 7.76r 48r 0.12 166.53 5.3r 0.05r 37r 1.2r 670r . 9.5r 3.7r 0.7r . 34.25 28.15 5.9r 0.2r 2670.25
1995
1996
201.95 220.62 130r 138.84 3.8r 5.2 2.6r 2.58 0.2r 0.21 15r 17.88 2.48 2.07 1.3r 1.3r 0.32 0.55 12.5r 12.64 0.13 0.21 30r 35.45 0.1 0.06 1r 1.13 0.52 0.54 2 1.96 997.46 1055.98 30.47 34.65 5.5r 5.26 8.12x 9.18 48r 51.28 0.1r 0.1r 175r 198.11 5.1 9.37 0.09 0.07 39r 43.36 1.29 1.25 670r 687.55 9.8r 11.08 4r 3.66 1r 1.06 37.7 39.15 31.7r 33.12 5.9r 5.9r 0.1 0.13 2705.87 2889.44
1999 .»
1997
1998
204.64 130r 5r 2.6r 0.2 17.25 2.1r 1.3r 0.55 12.5r 0.1r 30r 0.1r 0.4r 0.55r 2r 1053.05 31.65r 5.26r 9.8 62 0.1r 183.17 9.4r 0.1 46.48 1.25r 690r 9.14 3.7r 1r 37.92 32r 5.8r 0.12 2830.54
204.83 130r 5r 2.6r 0.2r 17.5r 2.1r 1.3r 0.55r 12.5r 0.03r 30r 0.1r 0.4r 0.55r 2r 1077.72 35r 5.2r 14 62 0.1r 194.09 9.5r 0.1r 49.68 1.25r 690r 12r 3.8r 1r 37.84 32r 5.7r 0.14 2869.82
98/97, % 100.1 100 100 100 102.6 101.4 100 100 100.5 100 30 100 100 100 100 100 102.3 110.6 98.9 142.9 100 100 106 101.1 100 106.9 100 100 131.3 102.7 100 99.8 100 98.3 116.7 101.4
: r x
: [1, .84; 2, .12; 3, .13; 10, .13; 11, .13; 12, .13; 20, .12; 21, .12; 24, .8; 44, .31; 48, .80; 49, .78, 118; 75, .48; 91, .208, 230, 234, 245, 247, 254, 271-272; 92, .153, 163; 95; 96; 97; 98; 100, .6, 36; 103, .82, 138, 150, 185, 210, 213, 221, 226, 230, 236; 104, .55; 105; 106, .41, 47; 111, .109; 113, .28; 120, .84; 121, .109; 144, .84; 146, .84; 147, .93, 109; 148, .93; 150, .93; 161, .48, 51, 55; 182; 184, .14, 57; 187, .26; 188, .27; 192, .24; 195, .48; 196, .128; 201, .48, 50, 128; 202, .28; 209, .72; 218; 249, .202-203; 250, .43, 52, 65, 80, 104, 106, 109, 111, 127, 132-133, 135-136; 251, .60, 66, 91, 93-94, 126, 129, 137, 149; 253, .23, 42, 7273, 85, 87-89, 92, 101-102, 107, 114, 125, 127, 132-133; 256, .68, 77, 79, 96, 101, 104]
2.4 , 1994
1995
1996
607.2 264.58 1.4 0.06 0.29 0.07 69.97
595.5 271.75 1.5 0.12 0.27 0.05 75.48
601 299.9 1.49 0.02 0.28 0.04 83.9
1997
1998
559.2 292.01 1.43 0.03 0.25 0.04r 86.2
98/97, %
566.2 291.99 1.4 0.02 0.2r 0.04r 90.3
«
106
.
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
101.3 100 97.9 66.7 80 100 104.8
»
«
1999 .»
1994
1995
4.1 15.6 0.01 4.88 2.71 0.8 20.64 66.4 29.46 4.63 18.7 0.28 0r 18.3 3.19 2.16 0.13 0.8 386.08 6.38 0.3r 6.43 6.49 8.87r 0.02r 0.01 0.02 16.81 62.48 0.36 3.17 31.8 4.2 13.5 0.04 16.67 6 26.13 1.29 25.7 4.34 13.2 37.7 3.8 0.04 9.68 0.87 33.3 0.2 44 0.01r 2.27 75.21 51.2 0.56r 0.09 10.6
.
4.2 16.1 0.02 5.29 2.9 0.4 20.34 67 30.47 4.8 18 0.25x 0.02 18.1 3.6 1.97 0.11x 0.76 405.64 6.1 0.3 7.35 6.5 9.35 0.68 0.01 0.02r 17.77 63.36 0.3 3.2 35.1 5.5 13.5 0.04 17.03 9.3 28.88 1.3r 31.3 4.2 14.5 38.04 2.9 0.04 10.41 0.95 30.1 0.2 45.3 0.01 2.1 83.73 58.1 0.56 0.1 11
1996 4 17.4 0.04 6.46 2.74 0.4 19.92 75.8 41 4.8 17.2 0.31 0.01 18.4 3.07 1.8 0.1 0.72 438.9 6.36 0.2 7.59 6.77 9.37 0.7r 0.01r 0.02 19.72 66.66 0.27 3.24 39 6.1 13.7 0.04 18.99 9.3 34.8 1.6 33.8 4.22 15.2 44.4 2.94 0.04 12.13 0.95 32.8 0.2 45.7 0.01 2.07 88.74 62.13 0.56 0.1 11.5
1997
1998
3.7 17.1 0.07 7.4 2.42 0.18 19.3 67.1 46 3r 15 0.3 0.01 17.34 2.58 1.7 0.1 0.76 454.28 5.6 0.2r 7.6 7 11.3 0.7 0.05 0.02r 20.7 66.4 0.3r 4.3 47 7.6 17.5 0.03 22.2 9.3 38.4 1.24 35.8 5 15.3 45.3 2.94 0.03r 14.1 0.86 17.3 0.2 47.8 0.01 2.2 95.44 68.9 0.57 0.1 11.6
3.4 16.8 0.05r 7.6 2.2r 0.2 19.16 63.6 47.8 2.9r 14 0.3r 0.01r 17.26 2.19 1.7r 0.1r 0.76 469.59 4.54 0.2r 7.8 7.9 11 0.88 0.03r 0.02 23.5 68 0.29 6.54 50 7.6 20 0.02 22 9.3 41.3 1.2r 36.5 5.2 15.8 46 2.8r 0.03 14.9 0.9r 11.7 0.3 51.1 0.01r 2.23 99.55 72.8 0.58 0.1 12.2
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
98/97, %
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
91.9 98.2 71.4 102.7 90.9 111.1 99.3 94.8 103.9 96.7 93.3 100 100 99.5 84.9 100 100 100 103.4 81.1 100 102.6 112.9 97.3 125.7 60 100 113.5 102.4 96.7 152.1 106.4 100 114.3 66.7 99.1 100 107.6 96.8 102 104 103.3 101.5 95.2 100 105.7 104.7 67.6 150 106.9 172.4 101.4 104.3 105.7 101.8 100 105.2 »
107
«
1994 6.22 0.03r 4.09 0.1r 0.36 1.96 785.83 22.27 3.28 4r 24.81 0.12 148.1r 4.37 0.05r 28.7 0.72 541.8 . 6.2 1.3r 0.1r . 34 28.9r 5 0.1r 2152.89
.-
1995
1999 .»
1996
6.34 6.42 0.03r 0.02 5.2 5.26 0.1 0.06 0.3 0.73 2 1.96 788.95 805.78 25.01 26.6 3.21 3.2 4.51 5.8 30 29.7 0.1r 0.1r r 149.38 153.6 4.6 5.13 0.09 0.07 28.1 31.2 0.93 0.97 534.9 540.4 6.1 7.1 1.9 1.81 0.12 0.1 34.61 34.75 29.8 29.8 4.71 4.82 0.1 0.13 2180.17 2269.07
1997
1998
98/97, %
6.4 0.03r 5.4 0.1r 0.34 2r 815.91 27.4 3.3 6.1 30.9 0.1r 156.2 5.9 0.1 32.1 0.96 543.67 7.38 1.7r 0.1 34.88 30 4.76 0.12 2251.72
6.2 0.03r 5.2 0.1r 0.34 2r 824.89 29.3 3.2 6.5 29.9 0.1r 160.4 6.3 0.1r 34.8 0.97 543.38 8.64 1.2r 0.1 35.26 30.36 4.76 0.14 2287.48
96.9 100 96.3 100 100 100 101.1 106.9 97 106.6 96.8 100 102.7 106.8 100 108.4 101 99.9 117.1 70.6 100 101.1 101.2 100 116.7 101.6
: r x
: [2, .12; 3, .13; 20, .12; 24, .8; 49, .78; 70, .53; 73, .279; 75, .48; 91, .230, 247, 272; 93; 95; 97; 98; 99, .36; 100, .6; 103, .213, 221; 105; 106, .41, 47; 111, .109; 120, .84; 143, .42; 144, .84, 93; 147, .109; 150, .93; 182; 183; 185, .11; 188, .27; 190, .48; 191, .4, 10; 192, .22; 195, .48; 196, .50, 128; 201, .6, 26; 204, .12; 209, .72; 215, .35; 218; 222, .42; 243; 249, .202-203; 250, .43, 62, 80, 127; 251, .91, 94; 253, .42, 66, 73, 85, 88-89, 118, 131-133; 256, .79, 104, 110]
(32%), (
) –
25%.
–
8%.
1998 .
1%, [250, .83]. 553.7
12.8%,
1998 . 32%.
–
20%, 29% , 660 ( 0.5%);
– (29%) [64, .46]. ∗)
« » 1998 . – ( 1997 . – 533.8, 1996 . – 654.7, 1995 . – 559.5, 1994 . – 570.7). « » 69 . – 8990 . , 80% , . 73% « ». 1998 . .
∗)
, (20 14.73 psi,
760 30 = 34.686
),
:1 . «
108
.
(60 F -
).
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
8.7
,
60%
.
800
-
.
«
» »
[30]. », « 6%
(«
.) .1
», «
»
1998 . «
(« 15 « 400
»).
2000 . «
»
.
«
»
»
1999 . –
( ), – 12-13
« .«
».
-
»
«
7-10
»
[62, .33]. -
. 2010 . –
120
(
100
2005 . ).
–
85
, [63,
, , .29]. .
–
. Enron 4 ,
, ,
[49, .119]. 15%.
1998 .
. ,
5%
, [145, .27; 254, .44]. (32%) , . 1971 . 175 , 1980 . – 48
,
1995-1998
.
, 747
. –
125
). 1998 . 150
37% 15
, 1997 . – 42.4 . 50% . . 1998 . 4048 [156, .51-53]. , 25% . ( 200 ) : 1985 . 1% , 1998 . – 17% [145, .27; 154, .24-25]. 2010 . 650 , 2020 . – ; . 20 280-340 (105[154, .24-27]. , – . 40%
50 , 2235.7
2/3
.
. «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
109
-
«
– 17.7
1999 .»
./
. .
.
.
– 6300 ( . 2000 . 28; 174, .24; 214, .21].
,
1999 .,
1998 .
35%), – 7500
[154, .27-
« » (Sable Offshore Energy Project, SOEP) 85 . : Mobil Oil Canada Properties Ltd., Shell Canada Ltd., Imperial Oil Resources Ltd., Nova Scotia Resources Ltd. Mosbacher Operating Ltd. 2 . , 1 . « » 13 (4.75 ) . 1999 . 1 ., 2006 ., , . 11 57 , [137, .27; 211, .43]. 1.4-2.8 ( – 2-2.8 ). . Gulf Canada , , 5.7-8.5 [204, .25-26]. (Canadian Energy Research Institute, CERI), 2010 . 206 , – 13 [154, .27]. ( 36% 1998 .) . , (1990 .), 2010 . 280 . 9% , 40% – . , National Iranian Gas Co. (NIGC), , 1995 ., 17 (6.2 ) 22.6 (8.26 ), . , . (340 ) ( ) [230]. ,
(phases), (8 ) [193, .116]. Petroleum Development and Engineering Co., PEDEC) 900 .( 1) 5 . , (30%) Petronas (30%). 56.6 10.8 NIOC, 225 . 1999 . Total 226
PetroPars ( 2000 . – 28
( 2 3) : Total (40%), « » 2 . 2001 . [229]. 2001 . Hyidai Heavy Industries
«
110
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
-
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
. 4
5
;
1999 . « -
Shell
» [230]. (
)
180 150
. , 14 .
. NIOC )
600
. 1994 .
Shell
-
, 100
,
,
. .
-
[230]. ,
, 1982 .
-
. (Master Gas System, MGS), 46
64
,
.
,
Saudi Aramco. 45
1999 . .
25
[242]. .
, , ,
-
. ,
.
,
-
1998 . 10
. [245]. 1990 .,
,
5.66 .
(
15.6
, , ). (Southern Area Gas Project). 1979 . ,
(
), 1994 .
, 6.7% – 19.8
– 119
. 4.3
1998 .
-
. [231]. Qatar General . 2002 .
Mobil Oil Qatar
Petroleum Corp. , 14 , 2004 . – 28 . 859 . Mobil 30%[199, .45; 240]. Gulf Indonesia Resources Ltd., Talisman Ltd. Pertamina 1998 . ( ) , 544 . . , 8.5 . , , 35 [143, .46]. 2001 . . Santa Fe Energy Resources Inc. Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. , , ( ). 4.2 , – 8.5 . 1999 . ( ) « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
111
«
Conoco
Premier Oil Natuna Sea Ltd. ( 70 . 20 . ( ) 2.5 . [136, .44; 146, .44]. Esso Production Malaysia Petronas Carigali 1998 . Petronas 36.8 2027 .
9.3
), Gulf (
1999 .»
)
).
,
( ( 5
)
.
) .
, 340
.
, 2002 . [107, .20].
. 7250 A-18 Carigali-Triton Operating Co. (CTOC), Petronas (50%), Triton Energy Ltd. (25%), Arco (25%); -17 -19 ) Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) Petronas. 1998 . 20 10 , 280 . 1997 . ( 56 ) -18. 2000 . , . 35 12.7 . PTT Petronas 2000 . 17 ; 2003 . 42 . -19 -17 2002 . , 1.6 . [123, .14-18; 131, .36; 235]. . Total 1998 . , (15.6 ) 35% . PTT Exploration & Production plc (40%), Total (30%), BG plc (20%), Statoil (10%) [129, .39]. ( 8/32) , 1997 ., 1998 . 2.8 910 . 40 . 1998 . (22 .) [127, .37]. Unocal Thailand Ltd. ( 11, ). 2 246 . . 6.8 [151, .95; 165, .47]. 80% , ( ). , ( ), ( , ) ( ). 2000 . 28 , 2010 . – 70-80 , 2020 . – 100-110 [130, .27; 157, .24; 225]. ( 85 ) 1996 . , China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), Arco ( ) Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Corp. 2.8 . . 1997 . CNOOC Arco , .
«
112
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
112 226].
( 1999 .
, . China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) 11 . – 240 ). 88 . , . China Offshore Donghai Oil Co. 2.8-5 [161, .80-
400 1.2
. 10-15
,
20 619
( .
CNOOC) 81; 202, .46].
,
) [130, .27;
2010 . 1998 . .
, , 14.8
15 . 0.14–0.28
-
, 1.84
[132, .4]. 2000 . M-12, M-13 M-14), 14.2%. .38-39; 129, .38; 234].
5.7 . Premier – 32.3%, Petronas – 36.4%, Nippon – 17.2% – 31 5.9
1999 .
Elf Aquitaine
PTTEP – [126,
Shell
,
(
).
Sabah Shell. – 19 3 (85 .
– 250
, 2.3
, 1.2
.
260 )
. Fletcher Challenge Energy, 35%. Bapex ( 1999 . 10 , 1995 . ( .13]. 10 Bapex 1999 . Dutch/Shell 5 [40, .35].
.
-
.
,
: Elf Aquitaine, 37.5%,
, 27.5% [202, .46]. Petrobangla)
-
) [202, .46; 255, . Royal (2.5 )
– 10 Cairns, ,
Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. (PPL), Mari Gas Co. Ltd., Oil & Gas Development Corp., Orient Petroleum, Pakistan Oil Fields Ltd., Union Texas Pakistan Lasmo. : (18.4 ), (3.4 ), . 6% . ( 85 ) ( , , , ) [238]. 1999 . PPL -X-1 ( 22), 5 , 2000 . [158, .37; 203, .41]. 1998 . 95 ; 8 . 1998 . Britannia Operator Ltd. (BOL) . Chevron, Conoco, Union Texas, Santa Fe, Texaco, Phillips, « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
113
«
1999 .»
Petrofina, 21
Amerada Hess Agip. (7.6 ) 8.8 [237]. 1998 . BP Exploration Operating Co. Ltd. . 12.7 , – 20.6 7.2 . Mobil North Sea Ltd. 1.7 ( 48/12 , 18 ). – 2.1 ; [137, .37]. Arco British Ltd. ( 48/17 ). – 2.4 ; – 2.26 [138, .44]. 1997 . , 240 . : 1100 , +190 . – 22.5 38.7 , , ,– 3.3 19.5 . – 2000 . 14.6 27.8 . : Elf Exploration UK ( ) – 46.2%, Agip (UK) – 13.9%, BG Exploration and Production – 12.4%, Hardy Exploration and Production – 8.0%, Ruhrgas UK Exploration and Production – 5.0%, Shell UK – 4.4%, Esso Exploration and Production UK – 4.4%, Texaco Britain – 3.9%, Arco British – 1.8% [39, .12-13]. 1999 . 26 ; – 5.1 [205, .4-5]. BP Amoco : –2 . , , 1998 . 90 , . 4 . , [180, .2]. . – 27 [237]. Wintershall D/15-FA . NGT. . Elf Petrolend . 1998 . K/4-D, K/4-N, K/5-E, K/5-6 F/15-B. K/4/4-F [202, .29-30]. 2000 . , , 61 , 2006 . – 80 . . ( – 90.5 ) (11.9 ) . 2002 . ( 30/8 30/5), . 90 . – 12 4.2 . 2007 . 2.5 . 1999 . Norsk Hydro AS . . 1998 . ( – 20 ). 2001 .; -
«
114
.
: 422-0000
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»
«
1999 .»
– 3.2 Petro-Canada
. Svenska Petroleum [158, .37; 203, .41; 205, .4-5; 237].
Statoil, Total, Conoco, ,
62 N
. – 212
105
– 12
.
4.0
.
, -
. .
.
2
2000 .
2.5 11.0
38 10.5
. Statoil ; .
;
Shell
Saga 2004 .)
(
.
-
,
–
. -
, (15
–
[202, .3-4].
) 20
2006 . -
;
[209, .65]. A/6-B/4
300 – 13.5
,
400
– 0.5 Wintershall.
.
.
(
).
-
.
(3.3
)
2000 . [149, .33;
180, .4; 237]. ,
.
,
8.3 .42].
2000 . 8.9
3
, 70% . Law, OGL),
[54,
(Organic Gas -
. .
1998 . . 10
. [161, .48; 194, .45; 205, .44]. )
( ).
Pemex ,
,
).
1995 . 1
308 3D. 25.5 2007 . 2000 .
1999 . .
16
6700
19 1999 . 36.8 2 .(
.
6.8
1994 . 2001-
, . 15
– 5.5 –
.).
2003 .
–
[152, .30; 206, .24; 236].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
115
«
1999 .»
. 1998 . (BP Amoco) – 5.38 (BP Amoco) – 4.98 ,
: (BG/Texaco) – 5.09 , – 3.76 [205, .27]. 65% , 50 . Petrobras 2.2 , 2001 . – Coplex Resources NL Petrobras BSS-78
, (Enron)
.
, –
– 1.8
600
1999 . 6
[152, .31; 161, .48; 204, .44].
. Petrobras
-
, 5-14
8
[153, .27-28]. (
. 2.8 53
,
Texaco). (BP Amoco).
1998
. [227; 256, .48].
.
. . 67
.
– 311 14.2 .
–6
. 1998 .
Royal Dutch/Shell :
( 1.6 ).
12
, [239].
Mobil Corp.
-
40 ( 1999 .) [163, .34; 193, .18; 195, .36; 256, .50]. ( , . 130
1999 .) 1998 .
300
1999 . p. Sonatrach
18 (
, 2.25 . .
), 2.67 700 1998 .
2002 .
-
Total, Brown & Roots,
Groupement TFT, ,
Repsol.
– -
. [203, .43; 256, .87]. British Petroleum ( ) 200
12 ,
.
. 1998 . 80 . 2002 . [137, .45; 253,
210 Amoco
.
Sonatrach ).
(
19.8 900
-
.;
.76; 256, .87]. 2002 .
30
.
Amoco
1
BG, IEOC .
BP -
( 1999 .
BP Amoco
,
8
«
116
.
: 422-0000
).
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
.
200 . BG 2000 . International Egyptian Oil Co. (IEOC – ENI) 2003 . , 13.6 . 2000 . IEOC BP Amoco . – 95 ., 6 . 2001 . , 260 . [209, .60]. 1999 . Agip North Africa BV National Oil Corp. (LNOC) (Western Libya Gas Project). NC-41 ( ) 6-8 , – 2-3 . 2001 . –3 . 2003 . [159, .30; 202, .43]. .2.5. .
2.5
« » Royal Dutch/Shell Exxon Corp. Pertamina BP Amoco Sonatrach Pemex Mobil Corp. Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. Saudi Aramco NIOC Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. Texaco Inc. Chevron Corp. Petronas Statoil Oil &Natural Gas Corp. (India)
1997-1998
.,
1997
1998
533.8 80.99 73.07 66.1 60.51 59.33 46.13 47.06 40.59 36.84 85.73 24.82 23.74 25.07 49.81
553.7 79.18 72.14 67.9 59.99 58.46 49.49 44.37 40.95 35.50 33.85 25.19 24.87 24.71 23.97 23.48 23.21
22.34
: [94; 134, .60-61; 165, .72-74]
1998 .
2.8%, –
1500
3.8% ( ),
(
1999 .
.2.6). 558 – 57%
-
, 696 –
.
-
. -
[155, .41]. ,
,
, -
.
, « » (Natural Gas Liquids, NGL – ). (
»
,
« , ). «
» «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
117
«
. 2.1% (
.
.2.6).
87% –
,
1999 .»
1998 .
NGL NGL
52% (
10
.2.7). 2.6
( (
)
NGL (
),
) 1997-1998
. NGL
.
.
1997
1998
1997
1998
1997
1989.9 1203.9 669.0 117.1 383.3 523.3 209.0 442.7 5525.0
1931.8 1305.4 563.7 119.1 419.3 591.1 209.0 542.6 5682.0
1407.7 946.2 252.6 86.1 325.6 416.9 159.4 332.5 3920.3
1364.5 1019.1 241.3 82.6 344.6 439.8 159.4 416.7 4068.0
1998
151.4 90.0 7.4 16.6 56.2 87.2 15.8 30.2 454.8
142.4 100.6 7.4 16.4 60.8 85.9 15.8 35.1 464.4
: [155, .42]
,
,
,
, .
90-99.9% [1, .67-
, .
NGL
68].
4
[1, .67-68].
( ).
. (Liquid Petroleum Gas, LPG) –
,
,
,
,
. ; . 181.8
; 34.8
,
–
1998 . – 68.6
. ;
. «
-
» . 60% [116, .33-38; 155, .52].
2.7 (NGL) 1998 .,
142.4 100.6 56.4 34.1 15.2 13.8 11.5 11.5
,% 30.7 21.7 12.2 7.3 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.5
«
118
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
11.4 10.7 56.8 464.2
2.5 2.3 12.2 100
: [155, .44]
(
5+
,
)
-
. ,
. ,
,
. 70%,
, – 27
.
( 3-4
. -
15%,
)
, ,
[1, .5]. 1998 .
. ,
-
.
70.6%.
, 1986 . – 55%.
, 73% «
», , (526 NGL
1998 . 28 2.6%). 22.1
(
.
-
. )
(461
:
–
).
1998 . – 15%. 1997 . 9.7 1.7%,
41%,
6%). NGL
1998 .
[155, .42]. 23%
22% –
NGL.
78%. :
1998 .
658
.
, .
250
.
2001 . 50.9
.
Imperial Ltd. « »
56.6 6.4
NGL. -
» [155, .45]. 16.4
( .«
696
2000 . (1.6 (64
»
«
»)
) )
[125,
.43-44]. 1998 .
(
Corp.) 22.6 – 300 . Honeywell (5%), Delavel (10%) [194, .45-46].
, « » : QGPC (48%), Hyundai Engineering (15%), 1998 .
JGC Corp.
Qatar General Petroleum . 4.4 NGL. – . Brown and Root (22%) Mannesmann Demag
Saudi Aramco « »
16.5 «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
119
«
1.9 .
1999 .»
.
10
2001 .
Saudi Aramco
. 65 TPL Arabia Ltd. (
2002 . Technip -
. Saudi Aramco 2002 . 350
) [141, .38; 241]. (69%) [155, .52].
1998 . 15
,
Esso Australia Ltd./BHP Petroleum Pty. Ltd. ( 3 [125, .46].
).
2 80%
. Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. 450 ( TransCanada PipeLine Ltd., Enron Corp. Technoconsult SA) « . 22.64 4 NGL. . 2001 . [155, .46]. , 1999 . Phoenix Park Gas Processors , 155 ., . 38.2 , NGL – 2.7 . , NGL [155, .46].
. »
-
–
. (
,
) –
.
-
10%
. 34-35%.
-
, (
9%)
.
.
40 1998 186
.
«
.
»
[1, .66-67]. (
36.9
). (
44%,
–
)–
39%,
–
49%, – 14%.
15%
»
, (
,
,
,
.).
-
.
«
»
, ,
,
.
«
120
– : – -
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
,
,
-
, . 12
(
6
).
-
. . 45
,
,
.
,
.
-
. 18
,
. -
(
). . .
-
[33]. .
70% » (« , 18 1.6 1998 . 50% 1994 .,
« , 15 « («
»; »,
20 10
, ») 1998 . «
. , 1998 . 20.22% – « ,
.
»
«
» »
).
-
1999 . .46].
300
[60, .30; 61, .36-40]. Agip SpA, BG plc, Texaco Inc. . (
9
, (
«
» [125,
).
1998 .
59
*)
96.8
.2.8) [209, .46]. 2.8 1998 . 2000-2002
., 1998
2000
33.0 31,2 1.8
44.7 31.2 1.8 11,7 4.1 4.1 1.8 1.8 85.5 8.9 45.0 21.5 10.1
1.8 1.8 81.4 8,9 40.9 21.5 10.1
*)
1
= 2.47
= 1379
. «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
121
«
1999 .»
16.5 7.4 9.1
34.3 7.4 18.0 8.9 170.5
132.7 : [209, .46]
1998 . ,
.
-
. -
,
[13, .14].
2000 .
, . . 5.8 6
2.3 . [52, .36].
1.4
-
.; .
1999 .
. .
« » (Qatar LNG 1996 ., 2 (2.7 ), 2.85 . 1999 . . Qatargas : Qatar General Petroleum Corp. (QGPC) – 65%, Total – 10%, Mobil – 10%, Mitsui – 7.5% Marubeni – 7.5% [194, .45-46]. 1999 . « » 2.5 (3.45 ) , 3.5 . 2000 . . 2002 . 4.8 . Ras Laffan LNG Co. (Rasgas): QGPC – 63%, Mobil – 25%, Itochu – 4%, Nissho Iwai – 3%, Kogas – 5% [204, .45]. Enron , 1999 . [240]. Atlantic Richfield » . , 6 . Company, Qatargas),
(3
) [228]. 1999 .
(Nigeria
LNG Co.). 2000 .
7.5
,
.
-
, 1999 .)
. 2002 ., 1
( . [16, .15; 203, .43].
.
1999 .
. ,
3
.
(950
4.64 .)
.
23. Atlantic LNG: Amoco Trinidad (LNG) BV – 34%, British Gas Trinidad LNG Ltd. – 26%, Repsol International Finance BN – 20%, Cabot Trinidad Ltd. – 10% National Gas Co. of Trinidad and Tobago – 10% [125, .36-37; 204, .44]. «
122
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
«
1999 .»
(1.2 4.8 , ,
.) . 600
,
-
. ,
-
(buy-back) [160, .3]. « »( ) 5 ., 6.6 ( ). Oman Liquefied Natural Gas Company (OLNGC) : (51%), Shell (30%), Total (5.54%), Mitsubishi (2.77%), Mitsui (2.77%), Partex (2%) Itochu (0.92%). , , [141, .36-37; 195, .45; 199, .22-23]. , . 2003 . 8 (11 ) [202, .24-26; 223]. (Gas to liquids, GTL, , ). ( , , ) , 20. ( ) : , ( ) ( ) , . . (Exxon, Roual Dutch/Shell, BP, Statoil, Texaco, Phillips, Chevron), (Syntroleum Corp., Rentech Inc.), Sasol. GTL, (125 ). Sasol , ( , ) . 20 3.5 5 GTL . Shell 1994 . , , 0.6 , 1997 ., . 2000 . , Shell Petronas , 4 . Exxon . 5 . 2 . 1999 . 2001-2002 . Exxon/BP (2.5 ) . 1999 . Sasol Chevron GTL (1 ) . . « » Chevron. , 15-20 15-30 GTL 50-100 , 1520 . [27, .11; 47, .120-123; 58, .41; 135, .71-73; 170, .45-53; 171, .124-1126; 199, .26-27; 203, .5].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
123
«
. – 10.0
,
1998 . –
,
1999 .»
19.9 7.4
,
.
.2.9).
(
2.9 1998 ., 101-254
306-508
558.8-762
>812.8
2261 640 80
462 137 190
1343 306 193
928 80 243
4994 1163 706
528 1654 5163
3570 739 92 64 5254
1176 156 43 3217
492 3532 999 6274
5766 6081 92 1106 19908
: [41, .4]
«
»
, , – 50 2000 .
.
5800 , . . 80
,
. 33
, » 2008-2010 [18, .188-190; 169, .30]. ( , , ( , ,
,
. .
. –
) )
,
, ,
(« ,
,
).
»)
1050 ) , –
( :
–
-
. ,
. 5
-
(
– 1000-1300 , 2005 .
3.5-
.
.
30
.
1998 . » (Nordic Gas Grid),
.
«
»
50% – 2
: – 10% 90% , TransCanada PipeLines «
,
,
«
– 50% ; – ».
» ,
–
[50, .37-39; 201, .4-7].
«
124
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
. -
«
1999 .»
.
1998 . 1016 , ».
–
235-
20 , – 725 . « » , . Interconnector Ltd., : BG plc (40%), Conoco Ltd. (10%), « » (10%), BP Exploration Operating Co. Ltd. (10%), Elf Exploration Plc. (10%), Amerada Hess Ltd. (5%), Distrigas S.A. (5%), National Power plc (5%), Ruhrgas AG (5%). « » 20 , . 20 , , , 8.5 [57, .60; 140, .4]. 1998 . , :« » « -1», ( ), « -II » – ( ). », 1998 . ( ) ( ), – 840 ; – 1050 , – 15 . , , . « » 30% . 2000 . (724 , 311 ) – « II» [237]. (44 ) 1999 . 77 , 86, – 100 [41, .10-12; 138, .36]. Gasunie 1998 . 20 . 2001 . Royal Dutch/Shell, . ( 3000 ) [8, .15]. Distrigaz , , « -1», . , , , [36, .32]. 2000 . « » 1213 ( , ) ( ). (396 ) 250 ( 2200 ) . 2000 ., – . . 1999 . « » Snam ( ENI). 50% Blue Stream Pipeline Company 3 . , [202, .38; 204, .41; 213, .60]. « » . Sofregaz « ». «
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
125
«
1998 . Royal Dutch/Shell Group . 31 )
(
., )
3218
-
,
2-4 . 2-3 . [202, .38]. (TransCaspian Pipeline, TCP) ( – 1680 , – 16 , – 30
, 2.5
1999 .»
–
1998 . PSG (
1999 .
,
).
,
-
«
».
1999 .
Shell, [63, .30; 203, .41].
. «
». .
.
(3400 8-8.5
. [49, .99; 65, .3]. « -2» .
Exxon
)
-
Sodeco
-1» [45, .67-70; 49, .100]. U.A.E. Offsets Group (UOG) ( ) . , « », . 1999 . UOG Qatar General Petroleum Corp. (QGPC) 8.5-14.2 , , – . 1999 . , . Mobil . – 10 ., . 22.6 2002 . , 2005 . [158, .28-30; 204, .37; 240]. 550; 142 [52, .37]. 1998 . » 274 , . 2001 6 , 2006 . 9 [232]. 100%. 1999 . « » 36.8 (13.4 ) , . –3 . 1999 .; 2000 . TransCanada PipeLines Ltd., , Nova ( ); (14.5 ) [6, .13; 140, .39]. «
126
.
: 422-0000
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»
«
1999 .»
1999 . »,
«
»
« 13
(4.75
.
)
1
.
2006 . [137,
.27]. Northwest Territories , (
1997 .) 17.0
2.5
.
TransCanada PipeLines [160, .3-4]. (3.5 462 2000 .
-
)
– 2007 . -
610 215 (Cepal)
. 800 [41, .10-12].
1999 . 19703150
( , – 2-5
–
406 813 , 2004 .
).
–
). 30 (1180
(
11
)
(
);
1999 . [58, .41; 205, .44]. ( ). -1» « -2». National Pipeline Research Society), (Tokyo Gas, Tokyo Electric Power Co. [129, .27]. Conoco Indonesia
Oasaka Gas),
(555 – 9.2 599, 406
356
(Japan West Natuna Group 711 , -
,
)
. . Santa Fe Energy Resources Inc.
2001 . [58, .41; 146, .44]. Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. Pertamina PGN Singapore Power ( ) . 420 . 2001 . 4.2 , – 8.5 [136, .44]. « » (The Gas Pipeline Access Bill) [131, .4]. 15 . Australian Gas Association (AGA) 6 .; 11 . 1998 . Duke Energy , 800(Eastern Gas Pipeline) [202, .22]. ( ) . , 3-5 . 1998 . 108 11.4 . , 2000 . 22 . 1998 . 36 : – 22, – 3, – 2, « .
: 422-0000
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»
127
«
,
,
–
1.
–
10 )–
(
2.7
.
:
1999 .»
, 35
-
1998 . [171, .102].
(2), 2.5 .
.
Corp
4.5 7.5 ,
, China Petroleum , , . , -
;
. 2 . KOGAS
. ,
CMS Energy, .
BG, Total
. .
Mobil
0.6
Edison Gas .
-
[171, .102].
.
,
1998 .
, .
70
-
,
. , 1998 .
[26, .38-39]. ( 0.1%).
16 1.5%,
–
6%,
–
3.2%.
-
, . 24% ( 1988 . – 22%), – 26%,
22%,
),
– 53%, – 42% ), – 17% – 10% [51, .33; 161, .42;
214, .4]. (1994-1998 ,
.) –
1998 . .2.10).
6.3% ( – 23.6%, 7.7%
,
1997 .,
32% – 16%. . 2005 .
3200
1.8%;
2800
,
[101, .99].
, 2010 . – -
. 5% . 6%
, .
(
,
,
).
«
128
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
-
«
1999 .»
2.10 , 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
425.5 492.77 6.61 0.06 14.96 13.52 5.06 71.44 9.8 82.3 0.01 3.03 2.71 7.8 54.5 1.5 2.1 0.56 3.02 31.9 2.29 10.46 0 23.42 6.1 0.71 82.87 3.1 36.79 2.96 7.3 2.2 0.8 0.6 2.3 387.29 8.21 0.85 0.3 6.43 6.49 0.52 0.02 0 2.72 0.02 16.81 29.48 0.2 3.17 31.8 12.4 13.5 0.84 16.67
406.2 501.16 8.36 0.12 13.27 12.8 5.85 75.81 10.5 81.38 0.02 3.56 2.9 8.79 55.35 1.4 2.2 0.68 2.8 32 2.87 12.07 0 24 7.64 0.82 78.56 3.6 37.09 2.69 7.63 2.57 0.82 0.7 2.31 413.74 6.6 1 0.3 7.35 6.5 0.97 0.68 0.05 3 0.02 17.77 30.05 0.3 3.2 35 10.8 13.15 1.17 16.98
407.2 539.15 8.45 0.02 16.58 14.9 6.19 84.24 11.75 85.8 0.04 4.66 3.18 9.33 56.82 1.1 2.6 0.73 3.2 33.84 2.9 12 0 24.55 7.51 1.27 85.11 3.7 39.15 2.68 9.6 2.75 0.86 0.8 2.84 445.96 8 0.7 0.2 7.59 6.77 0.94 0.7 1.7 2.51 0.02 19.72 32.19 0.27 3.24 39 10.6 13.7 1.04 17.29
362.5 529.03 7.43 0.03 15.55 14.4 4.2 85.8 11 86.1 0.97 4.4 3.22 12.98 58.5 1 2.6 0.7 2.8 32.9 3.7 10.5 0.3 20.5 5.7 0.92 83.15 4 37.48 2.74 9.1 2.6 0.9 0.6 2.26 467.31 5.3 1.1 0.2 7.6 7 3.1 0.7 2.6 1.23 0.02 20.7 30.3 0.3 4.3 46.9 11.6 14.6 1.04 19.6
381.8 520.5 7.6 0.02 15.2 15.2 2.94 88.8 10.7 87.1 0.95 4.9 3.1 13.1 61.76 1 2.6 0.8 2.2 33 5.2 10.4 0.9 17.8 5.7 0.91 67.87 3.8 37.89 2.8 9.5 2.7 0.9 0.7 2.46 491.46 5.16 0.7 0.2 7.8 7.9 2.9 0.88 2.72 1.03 0.02 23.5 31.9 0.29 6.54 51.7 11.6 15.2 1.02 19.28 «
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
98/97, % 105.3 98.4 102.3 66.7 97.7 105.6 70 103.5 97.3 101.2 97.9 111.4 96.3 100.9 105.6 100 100 114.3 78.6 100.3 140.5 99 300 86.8 100 98.9 81.6 95 101.1 102.2 104.4 103.8 100 116.7 108.8 105.2 97.4 63.6 100 102.6 112.9 93.5 125.7 104.6 83.7 100 113.5 105.3 96.7 152.1 110.2 100 104.1 98.1 98.4 »
129
«
1994 8.5 6 12.39 1.29 18.5 4.34 13.2 37.7 1.5 3.8 0.9 9.68 3.87 10 7.3 39.55 0.01 58.33 43.8 20 0.56 0.09 10.7 4.7 0.03 4 0.1 1.66 1.96 763.57 24.3 0.9 4 24.81 0.12 70.8 4.37 0.05 29.4 0.72 596.1 . 6.2 1.7 0.1 . 24.5 19.4 5 0.1 2137.43
.
.-
1999 .»
1995
1996
1997
1998
9.4 9.3 13.73 1.3 29.8 3.7 14.5 38.04 1.5 2.9 2 10.41 4.27 10 7.12 39.8 0.01 61.07 45.42 20.03 0.56 0.1 11 4.8 0.03 5.2 0.1 1.6 2 797.69 26.99 1.23 4.5 30 0.1 70.9 4.6 0.09 29.63 0.93 620.6 6.1 1.9 0.12 24.79 19.98 4.71 0.1 2189
13.98 9.3 15.9 1.6 28.6 3.72 15.2 44.4 1.5 2.94 1.74 12.13 4.48 10.1 8.18 39.9 0.01 66.1 48.25 21.44 0.56 0.1 11.5 5.22 0.02 5.26 0.06 2.13 1.96 818.33 28.64 1.16 5.8 29.7 0.1 74.3 5.13 0.07 31.73 0.97 631.7 7.1 1.81 0.12 24.87 19.92 4.82 0.13 2283.76
15.7 9.3 15.3 1.24 28.8 4.5 15.3 45.3 1.5 2.94 1.03 14.6 5.1 11.3 9.9 40.8 0.01 66.5 46.74 20.4 0.57 0.1 11.6 5.3 0.03 5.4 0.1 1.24 2 822.84 28.7 1.5 6.1 30.9 0.1 74.8 5.9 0.1 32.8 0.96 631.3 7.38 2.2 0.1 25.08 20.2 4.76 0.12 2253.5
14.3 9.3 20.4 1.2 29.9 4.7 15.8 46 1.5 2.8 0.88 15.7 6.4 9.9 10.7 43.3 0.01 68.33 47.05 20.4 0.58 0.1 12.2 5.3 0.03 5.2 0.1 1.14 2 804.71 29.7 1.2 6.5 29.9 0.1 70.3 6.3 0.1 35.7 0.97 612.4 8.64 2.8 0.1 25.36 20.46 4.76 0.14 2270.88
98/97, % 91.1 100 133.3 96.8 103.8 104.4 103.3 101.5 100 95.2 85.4 107.5 125.5 87.6 108.1 106.1 100 102.8 100.7 100 101.8 100 105.2 100 100 96.3 100 91.9 100 97.8 103.5 80 106.6 96.8 100 94 106.8 100 108.8 101 97 117.1 127.3 100 101.1 101.3 100 116.7 100.8
: r x
: [40, .36; 53, .72; 91, .208, 215, 249, 270, 273-274, 277-278; 95; 96; 100, .8; 106, .117; 192, .22; 196, .48]
1998 . [176, .44].
24.1% -
, «
130
.
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»
«
1999 .»
12
35% [159, .59]. 2010 .
, 890-905
850
2020 . – -
,
.
, [145, .27; 246]. , .
1998 .
. 1998 .
61%; 1997 . [179, .5; 254, .44-46]. ( 1999 . –
– 91.9 17
; , -
52%). ,
,
-
. [179, .5; 214, .21]. .
,
-
,
. – 3.28
, [30]. 1998 .
.
2000 . (49% ) [214, .21]. – 2020 . 54%. (Canadian Gas Association, CGA) , 1997-2010 . – 9.1 [224]. ( 1988 .) 12%. , , 50%. 1998 . 40% 27%, – 16% « » . 28.5%. « » « » , [32]. , ( ) 12% , , 30-40% . , , . , 1997-1998 . 20%. . , « » , « » . « » 12%. 340-360 . 70 . 38-40 [59,
.73-75]. . . «
»
-
. «
», 1998 . 17.7
75.5 – ,9
«
», 15
–
«
. , 31.77 « »
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
–
,
-
» «
».
1998 .
»
131
«
1999 .»
46.3%
,
10.1% [20, .6; 22,
– 43.6%; .16]. «
15%. -
»(
Tractebel).
Tractebel [51, .86].
1998 . –
,
-
. ,
10% ), 19%
366
( ,
30%
[49, .75; 204, .41]. 1998 . ,
.
1997 . , .
3.2%, , -
, . , , 15% [214, .4].
,
, ,
,
, ,
-
.
. ,
[50, .38; 237]. , ,
.
,
,
,
. ,
70 [7, .15; 147, .134; 195, .41; 237]. , 2005 . 80 , 2015 . – 100 . , 2010 . 33-34% ( 27%). [164, .18; 198, .3-4, 8-9]. ( 54% ). , 2010 . 63% , 2020 . – 68.5%. Botas, 2000 . 20, 2010 . – 54, 2015 . – 82 . : 2015 . – 45 22 ( Wood Mackenzie) [53, .28; 202, .38; 204, .11]. , 1988 . (133 ) , . 2%. 1998 . 45% , – ; 0.88 . [157, .23]. ; . , «
132
.
: 422-0000
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»
«
1999 .»
.
, ,
-
,
.
,
:
Pertamina ,
Perusahaan Gas Negara (PGN) – [131,
.28]. 70-80%
. 40-50%
.37]. .
, 2011 .
34
,
6% . [166, .40].
15%
[127, 5% , -
. 1998 . Petronet LNG Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL), Indian Oil Corp., Oil & Natural Gas Copr. (ONGC), Bharat Petroleum Corp. Hindustan Petroleum Corp. [141, .36-37]. (Gas Pipeline Access Bill), 1998 ., , . [131, .4]. , . 22%. : 88.7%, – 52.9%, – 52.8%, – 36.3%, – 20.7%, – 9.5%, – 8.9%, – 4.8%, – 4.3%, – 1.7%, – 0.4%. , 2010 . 60%, , , [161, .37-42]. : 12-14% [205, .27]. . ( 0.6 ), . , , . , 2000 . 53 (73 ), 2010 . – 60 (82.7 ) . 10 2 [38, .16-20; 128, .28]. 1980 . 80%, – 10%. , . 1999 . 25% 1998 . 2000 . – 18 , 2010 . – 28 [38, .16-20]. , 2010 . 13 (17.9 ) [4, .15]. ( ) 3.6% ( – 6% ). , 1 6 .
« .
: 422-0000
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»
133
«
1999 .»
.
1998 .
181
[155, .47]. ,
22% –
;
25% –
. (West-of-Suez) . ( 1985 . – 23%);
,
65%.
(East-of-Suez) 32% 40% ( .2.11). 2020 .
2020 . 50% 68% ,
,
,
,
-
. –
-
30% [155, .48].
2.11 1998 .
2010 ., 1998
2010
122.9 58.8 25.5 25.8 6.4 6.4 59.4 46.5 9.6 3.3 182.3
165.3 78.8 34.0 32.1 9.6 10.8 97.9 73.7 20.9 3.3 263.2
: [17, .15]
1998 . .
22.9% –
-
,
.
.
. .2.12. ,
,
,
,
,
.
78% . 1.5%.
5 1998 . ; (
.2.13
) 1996-1998
1997 . . 2.12
, 1994
1995
1996
9.5 31.2 0
9.82 37.7 0
9.88 40.69 0
1997 9.8 48.5 0.5
1998
98/97, %
9.9 52.4 1.6
101 108 320
«
134
.
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»
«
1999 .»
1994
1995
1996
1997
2.4 8.35 0.53 2 1.6 33 0 3 78.4 0 0 1.5 13.74 0.2 38 27.17 6.5 0 184.7 4.1 23.3 4.45 473.64
1.98 8.38 1.03 2.56 1.73 33.31 0.1 2.3 79.15 0 0.05 1.49 15.15 0.2 38.45 27.6 6.8 0.5 192.3 4.05 20.1 5.5 490.25
2.04 8.43 1.37 2.81 1.8 35.28 0.1 2.6 80.1 0 1.7 1.2 18.9 0.4 45.8 38.01 6.7 0.5 198.5 3.97 22.7 5.8 529.28
1998
1.8 8.2 1.8 3 3 35.7 0.1 2.6 82.5 2.9 2.6 1.1 21.6 0.4 40.1 42.3 7.5 0.5 201.1 4 6 7 534.6
98/97, %
2 8.1 2.4 3.3 2.7 36.1 0.1 2.6 87.3 4.8 2.72 0.9 20.9 0.5 36.4 42.6 7.1 0.5 187.4 4.5 1.8 7.8 526.42
111.1 98.8 133.3 110 90 101.1 100 100 105.8 165.5 104.6 81.8 96.8 125 90.8 100.7 94.7 100 93.2 112.5 30 111.4 98.5
: r
: [2, .13; 68, .171; 71, .347; 72, .150; 95; 96; 100, .6; 106, .40, 94; 110; 203, .43; 221, .233]
2.13 1996-1998 1996
1997
.,
1998 1998, %
9.06 18.26 7.65 32.14 ... 1.12 15.34 ... 1.7 85.27
9.8 24.3 8.2 35.7 2.9 1.1 20.1 7.5 1.7 111.3
9.9 24.9 8.1 36.1 4.8 0.9 19.4 7.1 1.8 113
101 102.5 98.8 101.1 165.5 81.8 96.5 94.7 105.9 101.5
: [4, .14; 13, .14; 95; 96]
. « » 1997 . – 116.8
19
120.5
). :
,
«
».
1998 . ( . -
. «
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1998 .
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. 60% – 78.5
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.
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
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«
(10.9
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), (6.9
1998 . » (100%-
«
1999 .»
),
(17.3 ),
(7.3
), (7.1 Ruhrgas
«
»)
2020 .
. 2008 . ). « » Ruhrgas Wingas), »)
160
)
13
2020 . –
( ( ( » 1999 .
.«
» -
. 5000
.
« .
» [78, .20-22; 79, .6]. 1998 . «
«
«
»
4
»
52.4
(
)
1.01.1999 .
. .
1.57
. «
»
. « : [202, .38; 204, .41].
16 .
»
8
«
,
–
» .
-
,
20
, [49, .99; 65, .3].
2005 .
«
(
)
-2» ,
,
. ,
60
, 1998 .
. 2005 . .
-
20
60% .
31
1998 .
21
1999 .
-
. 900 , .
1998 . 1998 .
,
. [20, .4; 21, .15; 203, .42]. , 750
.
, [49, .119-120; 233].
, 20
20
,
, -
.
. , [15, .13]. .
10
. 2000 . – 100
90
. «
136
.
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1999 .»
(Canadian Energy Research Institute, CERI), 2010 . 126 [6, .15; 40, .34; 140, .39; 154, .25]. Sonatrach ( ) 1998 . 60 ( : 75-80 ). ( ): – 20.9, – 4.5, – 0.9, – 0.8; , ( ): – 9.8, – 4.3, – 3.9, – 3.0, – 1.9, – 2.0 [95; 209, .67]. , , ).
.
,
20 1998 .
,
Cedigaz,
2010 . – 80-100
2000 .
. 1.5% (
.
. 2.12).
( ), 32%) (22%) 2010 .
:
– 65%. ; .
, 12
,
.
1999 .
,
.
, Enel (4 (1.2 ), 1999 . Nigeria LNG – Enagas (2.7
. 1999 . Enagas (1.6 Gaz de France
),
)
,
[204, .45]. 1998 .
Transgas (1.0
) [204, .42]. 1999 . 60% Gabot Trinidad Ltd. Repsol) . , 2002 . ) [125, .36-37; 204, .44].
– Enagas SA (
48.1
), Botas Transgas.
(17.5
, .
XXI ,
, . -
.
, . 21
,
2005 . – . 1995 .
27
25
,
2001 .
2005 .
. ,
. , ,
,
,
,
. (39%), (
17%).
,
, ( , ) [155, .52].
, (16%) ,
-
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,
,
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-
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
137
«
), (
15%
1999 .»
( 6%
;
,
,
-
.2.14). ( 68% – 18%,
) ;
– 13%,
1998 . , – 1%) [14, .14; 201, .41].
-
2.14 , 1994 4.98 1.83 2.03 0.85 14.67 13.52 5 2 5.7 68.7 0 0 2.71 0 0 7 33.86 11.2 1.1 0.8 7.8 1.5 2.4 0.56 0.9 2.8 3.5 0 5.82 0 3 4.72 1.5 6.2 0.71 73.47 0.86 0 3 1.3 7.1 64.57 3.1 33.6 0.8 7.32 0 2.2
1995 6.9 0.5 1.98 1 12.99 12.74 5.85 1.71 6.3 67.84 0.05 0 2.99 0 0 8.4 35.01 7.6 0.67 1.13 9.4 1.4 2.2 0.68 1.73 2.8 3.45 5.3 7.25 0 3 6 1.5 7.39 0.97 79.95 1.96 0 3.32 1.3 6.96 60.46 3.6 33.49 0.35 7.52 0 2.57
1996 6.96 1.64 2.04 0.7 16.3 14.9 6.15 1.71 7.75 71.21 1.7 0 2.5 0 0.44 8.93 36.9 7.1 1.29 1 13.98 1.1 2.6 0.73 0.93 3.2 4.64 1.5 7.2 0 4.7 7.35 1.5 7.2 1.26 81.73 1.7 0 3.53 1.4 7.98 65.11 3.7 36.08 0.88 9.5 0 2.75
1997 6 0.8 1.8 1.1 15.3 14.4 4.16 1.4 7.3 72 2.6 0.9 1.18 0 0.8 12.8 39.2 7.6 1.2 1 15.7 1.1 2.6 0.7 1.1 2.8 5.9 0.5 7.5 0.3 4.4 5.5 1.5 5.4 0.91 85.8 1 0.5 4.1 0.9 9.7 65.81 4 34.9 1.04 9 0.5 2.6
1998 6.2 0.62 2 0.7 15 15.2 2.9 0.9 7.3 73.6 2.72 0.9 1 1.8 0.9 12.9 42.6 6.6 1.3 1 14.3 1 2.6 0.8 1.4 2.2 5.8 0.5 7.5 0.9 3 3.8 1.5 5.3 0.9 87.02 0.75 0.8 4.7 0.8 10.4 50.61 3.8 35.7 1.1 9.4 1.6 2.7
98/97, % 103.3 77.5 111.1 63.6 98 105.6 69.7 64.3 100 102.2 104.6 100 84.7 ... 112.5 100.8 108.7 86.8 108.3 100 91.1 90.9 100 114.3 127.3 78.6 98.3 100 100 300 68.2 69.1 100 98.1 98.9 101.4 75 160 114.6 88.9 107.2 76.9 95 102.3 105.8 104.4 320 103.8
«
138
.
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
98/97, %
0.8 0.6 1.5 56.06 473.64
0.82 0.7 1.55 58.97 490.25
0.86 0.8 2.12 64.03 529.28
0.9 0.6 1.5 64.3 534.6
0.9 0.7 1.7 66.1 526.42
100 116.7 113.3 102.8 98.5
: r x
: [2, .13; 23, .39; 50, .38, 46; 68, .171; 76, .158; 77, .26; 91, .213, 217, 225, 249, 270-271, 274, 276-278, 280; 95; 96; 100, .6; 106, .94-95; 112, .86; 146, .66; 181, .50; 192, .22, 24; 196, .48; 218; 219, .395; 220, .451]
. 1997 .), , .
1998 .
( .
2000 .
20% . 28%,
5
–
-
33%. 25
5
15
,
10
,
–
5
. .
,
,
-
. «
» (take-or-pay), [5, .15; 26, .38-29; 37, .24;
, 101, .100].
, . (
(
33%) ( 2008 . 21.5
),
-
(24%). 50%) 28.5
(
35%).
-
; ,
– 10 ,
:
40%
2005 .
[189, .8]. ( (Ruhrgas) .
, 15
.
) ,
-
, [138, .36]. (62.3%), (16.5%), (2.6%) [203, .41].
4% (6.5%), 1998 .
1998 .
-
. (4.4%),
(3.6%) -
. . 1998 .
6.8 ,
14
.
,
,
-
2007 .
. 3
;
1999 .
– 20-25%.
4 1998 .
. -
0.6
. 2001 . 23
[52, .37].
3.5 «
, » «
.
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
139
«
365
; .
1999 .»
[202, .38; 204, .41].
: [15, .13; 53, .28-29]. , 1998 . 1998 . 15% (
–
–
25%,
2
).
: [6, .15; 95].
,
-
,
.
. 2000 . 44.3
(16.2
).
-
, .
-
2000 . 10.3
.
,
192
20
[145, .32; 161, .41].
. . 30 1998 . Authority of Thailand (PTT) 1.84 Yadana,
. Petroleum -
140 .
Total, , 15
14.8
.
« -
30-
»,
81.57
2001 .,
., [137, .36].
(
– 8.5 1998 . 75% . [209, .42-46].
– 4.2
,
) [167, .38]. (
.2.15) (58%
) 2.15
1996-1998 1996
1997
3.63 7.05 ... 11.99 1.08 3.26 2.24 6.47 56.03 91.75
4.5 6.7 1.9 15.7 2 4.1 2.9 9.2 64.3 111.3
.,
1998 4.3 5.9 2 14.3 2.3 4.7 3.6 9.8 66.1 113
1998, % 95.6 88.1 105.3 91.1 115 114.6 124.1 106.5 102.8 101.5
: [7, .14; 13, .14; 95; 96]
«
140
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
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,
,
, (
1996 .),
.
,
.
,
,
25.6
1998 . .
(1.5
,
,
)
–
(1.6
).
-
30%
(7.1
2002 . 35 , (26 )
, ),
, -
2005 .,
, 38 (
). .
[209, .42]. 1999 .
.
1996 . 2 ;
1 .
1998 . –
,
1997-1998
. – ,
;
–
,
[171, .98].
, ,
,
,
.
86.6% :
, .
(
), 10
1998 . ( . Korea Gas Corp. (KOGAS) Rasgas (
1999 . ,
,
-
. ) 20%. 25– 4.8
).
. 2005 .
. Oman
LNG 1.6
Enron 20
2001-2002 . Pertonet 7.5
Rasgas .
5
, 2.5 .
2003 . Rasgas
Energy, . 25
1999 . –
, 2.6
CMS
.
,
2010 .
20-
[151, .102]. ,
, 283 – 3.5%
2010 .
2015 . 2.5% , 155, .53]. .
195 2020 .
.
2000 .
,
262.3
– 2.5-3.5% [17, .15;
,
-
, .
. 80-
,
( (
,
-
. )
. »
«
,
-
), .
,
. 33.2 419 .
; (
,
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,
(15% «
.
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).
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«
, 20
./
1999 .»
,
(
1998 . – -
). , 2.7
39.1
[25, .11-17, 80-83; 46, .74-76; 76, .22-24]. 1998 .
./
.
, 10.56
«
./
. 1.8
» 11-14 9-10
1998 . . [158, .60].
,
. . -
150 300
./
–
./
[55, .85]. 10 3.5
(
./
)
. 45-50
[66,
./
.17]. , . 1998 . 1997 . 69.2
./
. 84
, ./
1998 . [80, .5]. -
3.18
*)
./ 2.27
./
(1991 .). 1998 . [168, .66].
, -
,
.
,
( .2.1), British Gas
1986 .,
61%, .
–
,
1986-1998 . 32%. 1998 .
25
– 350 170
./ ./
60 [212, .3].
(8.3-9.7 ./ (3.9-4.7 ./ 410-420 ./ ./ (3.6-3.9
130-140
,
),
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–
). (11.4-11.7 ./ ), ./ ) [46, .74-76]. ,
:
,
-
, . 1.8 94 (1.7
./
./ 58 (1.8 ./ 64.3 *)
./ (2.7
). ./ ), ./
,
– 2.3
). 1987-1991 (1.7 ./ 1993 . – 72.1 (1.9 ./
– ).
./
.
1987 .
59
). ./ ),
1992 . (2.1 ./ 1995 .
= 1 = 0.036
). –
61.5 ./ 1994 . 54.8 ./
1 =
(0.252 27.8
;
. «
142
.
: 422-0000
1984 . – ./
.
.1 1
./
1999 . -
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
-
«
(1.6
1999 .»
./
).
1996-1997
.
, –
– 76.7 1997 . 1998 .
./
(2.2
./
, ) 1996 .
82
./
./
) –
69.2
./
(2.0
./
).
./
(2.2
./
-
1999 .
, 76
(2.4
,
–
) [176, .61].
,
,
. «Nymex».
1998 . 2.28 ./ – 1.80 ./
2.21
, ,
– 2.25
1998 . – 2.08 ./ ./ [159, .56].
./
,
– 1999 .
,
– 17.7
./
(0.5
./
). – 26.8
: ./
(0.76
./
).
[174, .24]. .
1999 . – 1.74 – 2.14
./
./
,
. – (
.2.16). (
, ) – 0.91
0.95
BG, 0.40 ./ ,
./
,
[141, .37]. 2.16 ,
,
,
./
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
3.5-4.4 3.5-4.2 3.4-4.4 3.2-3.6 2.5-2.8 1.9-2.4 2.1 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 ...
4.9-5.3 4.8-5.2 4.7-5.2 3.2-4.7 3.2-3.5 3.1-3.8 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.0
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.6
: [8, .15; 168, .66; 175, .38]
1997 . 3.05
./
.
.
3.91 1998 . 1983 . –
./
, 5.23
1998 . ./
[168, .66].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
143
«
1999 .»
35
,
,
.
, ./
15 –
35
, , [128, .28; 129, .25].
./
;
-
. ,
1995-1996
.
-
. ,
,
-
. .
Saudi Aramco,
-
, «
»
, .
–
– British Petroleum
,
. Sonatrach
-
. ./ 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 3
5
7
9
11
1
3
1996
5
7
9
11
1
3
5
7
9
11
1
1998
1997
3
5
7
9
11
1
1999
3
2000
.2.1. , . : [200, .47; 201, .47; 202, .76; 203, .80; 204, .74; 205, .47; 206, .79; 207, .47; 208, .47; 209, .47; 210, .47; 211, .47].
1998 . ,
,
«
»
90%.
-
,
. Saudi Aramco ),
–
178 200 ./
./ (
90%).
1998 . ( 60% British Petroleum «
144
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
178 ./ , 180 ./ ,
– –
164 ./ . Sonatrach 164 ./ .
[9, .13].
.
-
, . 2015 .
,
,
, 2.5-4%
. – 6-7%).
(
10-20 . (
).
,
, 58% (
–
5.7% – , ( 19%). .
, 21%)
(
). ,
. ,
, ,
.
,
-
, . : , 1.5
, , 86, 140
–
82
,
.
1998 . « (
)
» (30 30
.
) [197, .16]. , , -
, . (
– ).
– .
,
-
, ,
. ,
–
-
.
2010 . – 220 ,
)
650
( (
20%
37%)
,
, -
.
, – 95
(
29%) .
850 .
(
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,
,
-
.
« .
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»
145
«
,
1999 .»
,
(26.7
-
)
10%.
,
,
.
,
-
34.6% 2010 . . 100
.
,
67%
-
, (
2010 . 1998 .) [4, .15; 38, .16-20; 128, .28]. ( , ) 2010 . (152 ) .
65% ,
110
-
: 165
(227
)
[214, .35].
-
,
. ( 60
(83
)
),
:
( ,
)–
75
(103
-
) [214, .35].
. « «
», 2% (
»
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). ),
,
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. . –
, -
. –«
»,
. , ,
. -
. 1999 . – 14 «
», .
300
-
. [56, .76].
: 1.
.,
. .
.:
1999. 2. 3. 4. 5.
. 1996. . 1997. . 1998. . 1998.
111. 15. 47. 73.
,
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
. 1998. . 1998. . 1998. . 1998. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999.
110. 134. 139. 145. 3. 7. 29. «
146
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
1999 .»
. 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 2000.
47. 62. 106. 126. 42. /
.
.:
19.
. , 1979. . 1999. . 1999. . 2000.
.: 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
& & &
. , 2000. .
1. 5. 1. . 1995. . 1997. . 1998. . 1999. . 1999. 1998.
.
10. 4. 8. 7. 10.
. http://www.gazprom.ru/rus/report/1998/report _img/0005_02.jpg. 30.06.1999. . 1998. . http://www.gazprom.ru/rus/report/1998/0005.h tm#home. 30.06.1999. . 1998. . http://www.gazprom.ru/rus/report/1998/0006.h tm#home. 30.06.1999. . 1998. . http://www.gazprom.ru/rus/report/1998/report _img/0012_03.jpg. 30.06.1999. . 1998. . http://www.gazprom.ru/rus/report/1998/0012.h tm. 30.06.1999. . 1998. . http://www.gazprom.ru/rus/report/1998/0009.h tm. 30.06.1999. : 5 . .: , 1986. .2. : 5 . .: , 1987. .3. . 1998. 5. . 1998. 8. . 1998. 9. . 1999. 1. . 1999. 6. . 1999. 7. i 01.01.1998 ./" ". , 1998. . . 1998. 4.
44. ": 45.
. . 1998.
, 1998.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68.
. 1998. . 1998. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 2000. . 2000. . 1998. . 1999. . 1998. 5. . 1999. 1. . 1999. 2. . 1999. 9. . 2000. 2. . 1999. 11. . 1998. 6. . 1999. 1-2. . 1999. 4.
, , ,
( / ,
: 422-0000
01.01.1999): , .
.,
1999. 69. 70.
. 1996.
2.
1998 . . ., 1999.
1999 . / 71. 1995.
.:
, 1996. :
72. / 73.
.
., 1995.
.
., 1997. . .:
: /
74. , 1988. 75. 1995
:
/ .
., 1996.
76. / .,
. .
.:
, 1997. 77. . 1998. 4. 78. . 1998. 5. 79. . 1998. 43. 80. . 1998. 71. 81. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - BG finds gas off Irian Jaya. V.3, 19. http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/discover/dix82 729.htm. 16.11.1998. 82. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - BP discovers gas in Norwegian Sea. V.3, 24.
5. «
.
7. 9-10. 2-3. 4. 6. 8. 10. 11. 12. 1. 2. 4. 4.
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
147
«
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91. 92. 93.
94.
95.
96. 97.
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1999 .»
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148
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151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208.
1999 .»
Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 12. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 15. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 17. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 22. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 24. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 25. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 27. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 29. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 30. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 31. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 32. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 33. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 34. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 36. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 37. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 39. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 40. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 42. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 45. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 49. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 50. Oil and Gas Journal. 1999. V.97, 51. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 1. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 2. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 4. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 5. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 16. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 18. Oil and Gas Journal. 2000. V.98, 21. Oil Gas European Magazine. 1999. V.25, Petroleum Economist. 1995. V.62, 5. Petroleum Economist. 1995. V.62, 12. Petroleum Economist. 1996. V.63, 3. Petroleum Economist. 1996. V.63, 4. Petroleum Economist. 1996. V.63, 5. Petroleum Economist. 1997. V.64, 8. Petroleum Economist. 1997. V.64, 9. Petroleum Economist. 1997. V.64, 10. Petroleum Economist. 1997. V.64, 11. Petroleum Economist. 1997. V.64, 12. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 1. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 3. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 6. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 7. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 8. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 9. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 10. Petroleum Economist. 1998. V.65, 11. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 1. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 2. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 3. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 4. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 5. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 7. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 8. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 9. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 10. Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 11.
209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221.
222. 223.
224.
225. 1. 226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
Petroleum Economist. 1999. V.66, 12. Petroleum Economist. 2000. V.67, 1. Petroleum Economist. 2000. V.67, 2. Petroleum Economist. 2000. V.67, 3. Petroleum Economist. 2000. V.67, 4. Petroleum Economist. 2000. V.67, 5. Petroleum Gazette. 1999. V.34, 3. PipeLine & Gas Industry. 1997. V.80, 5. PipeLine & Gas Industry. 1997. V.80, 10. Rocznik statystyczny 1995 / Glowny Urzad Statystyczny. Warszawa, 1995. Statisticka rocenka Ceske Republiky 1995. Praha: Scientia, 1995. Statisticka rocenka Ceske Republiky 1997. Praha: Scientia, 1997. Statistik aarbook 1995: Norges offisielle statistik / Statistik sentralbyro. OsloKongsvinger, 1995. The Australian Gas. 1997. V.61, 2. US Energy Information Administration. Australia. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/australi.ht ml. 1998, May. US Energy Information Administration. Canada. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/canada.htm l. 1998, December. US Energy Information Administration. China. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/china.html. 1998, May. US Energy Information Administration. China. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/china.html. 2000, April. US Energy Information Administration. Colombia. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/colombia.h tml. 1998, July. US Energy Information Administration. Indonesia. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/indonesia.h tml. 2000, April. US Energy Information Administration. Iran. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/iran.html. 1998, March. US Energy Information Administration. Iran. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/iran.html. 2000, February. US Energy Information Administration. Iraq. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/iraq.html. 1999, December. US Energy Information Administration. Jordan. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/jordan.html . 1998, July. US Energy Information Administration. Kazakhstan. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/kazakfull.h tml. 9.03.1999. «
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234. US Energy Information Administration. Malaysia. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/malaysia.ht ml. 1998, May. 235. US Energy Information Administration. Malaysia. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/malaysia.ht ml. 1999, May. 236. US Energy Information Administration. Mexico. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/mexico.ht ml. 1998, May. 237. US Energy Information Administration. North Sea. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/nsea.html. 1998, November. 238. US Energy Information Administration. Pakistan. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/pakistan.ht ml. 1998, May. 239. US Energy Information Administration. Peru. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/peru.html. 2000, February. 240. US Energy Information Administration. Qatar. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/qatar.html. 1999, August. 241. US Energy Information Administration. Saudi Arabia. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/saudi.html. 1998, February. 242. US Energy Information Administration. Saudi Arabia. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/saudi.html. 2000, January.
1999 .»
243. US Energy Information Administration. Turkmenistan. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/turkmen.ht ml. 1998, September. 244. US Energy Information Administration. Turkmenistan. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/turkmen.ht ml. 27.09.1999. 245. US Energy Information Administration. United Arab Emirates. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/uae.html. 1998, December. 246. US Energy Information Administration. USA. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/usa.html. 2000, April. 247. US Energy Information Administration. Uzbekistan. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/uzbek.html . 14.09.1999. 248. US Energy Information Administration. Venezuela. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/venez.html. 1998, September. 249. World Mineral Statistics 1990-94 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1995. 250. World Oil. 1995. V.216, 8. 251. World Oil. 1997. V.218, 8. 252. World Oil. 1998. V.219, 1. 253. World Oil. 1998. V.219, 8. 254. World Oil. 1999. V.220, 2. 255. World Oil. 1999. V.220, 4. 256. World Oil. 1999. V.220, 8. 257. World Oil. 1999. V.220, 12.
«
150
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244 857.38 1.13 0.08 29.57 2.3 48.5 15.62 223.66 58.34 22.36 0.2 6.5 0.22 201.12 0 33.3 3.85 6.36 75.9 6.81 0.12 78.99 0.04 42.41 2076.06 0.22 0.07 10.7 0 320.9 52.07 1.75 75.65 1 1418.9 91 4.61 0.1 0.11 5 0.05 0.01 3.3 0.02 23.45 0.1 58.39 3.23 1.1 4.33
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98/97, % 95.1 95.3 88.5 100 105.2 87 85.2 92.8 92.8 103.5 116.7 39.4 100 90.9 89.3 ... 100 205 81.8 99.6 89.6 96.8 95.8 100 101.7 89.7 104.5 100 109.3 217.4 100.7 117.5 103.4 90.8 90 87.1 90.1 93.2 102.7 332.6 104 114.3 122.9 93.9 100 66.1 509.1 72.4 4.3 90.9 83.2
»
157
«
1994 204.19 0.02 0.9 0.13 0.1 0.16 5.52 0.4 0.06 0.65 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.23 0.05 195.8 1057.12 0.21 5.12 4.43 72.82 22.6 11.43 0.07 937.58 2.85 . 235.75 232.71 3.03 4540.54
1999 .»
1995
1996
1997
1998
214.59 0.02 0.9 0.13 0.1 0.14 5.54 0.4 0.04 0.65 0.04 0.15 0.02 0.17 0.04 206.24 1061.37 0.3 5.52 4.26 74.97 25.87 11.8 0.06 937.1 1.48 247.73 244.29 3.45 4667.73
213.91 0.02 0.76 0.13 0.35 0.1 5.17 0.04 0.06 0.51 0.04 0.15 0.03 0.13 0.05 206.36 1095.89 0.33 5.4 4.34 75.86 29.59 13.75 0.06 965.11 1.44 255.75 252.24 3.51 4703.57
226.66 0.02 0.78 0.13 0.35 0.1 5.3 0.04 0.06 0.38 0.14 0.15 0.09 0.18 0.1 218.85 1125.71 0.35 5.63 5.28 78.69 32.8 12.71 0.07 988.77 1.41 280.85 277.19 3.66 4810.67
230.03 0.02 0.8 0.13 0.2 0.15 5.05 0.04 0.05 0.4 0.14 0.15 0.09 0.41 0.1 222.3 1148.61 0.33 5.6 6.8 75.4 34 10 0.08 1014.2 2.2 359.2 355.5 3.7 4648.51
98/97, % 101.5 100 103 100 57.1 152.3 95.3 100 82.3 106.3 100 100 100 227.8 101.5 101.6 102 94.3 99.5 128.7 95.8 103.7 78.7 123.1 102.6 155.5 127.9 128.3 101 96.6
: * a
,
j n r
: [3, .15; 7, .12; 11, .13; 19, .1; 21; 26; 28, .17; 29, .16; 35, .4, 16; 36, .61; 37, .48, 50-51; 40, .104; 41, .134; 42; 43; 44, .78; 45, .123, 185, 192, 199, 206; 46, .87, 92, 126, 163, 177, 189, 191, 193; 47, .216-217; 48, .35-37, 44, 51; 52, .103; 57, .198; 61, .394; 62, .146; 71, .179; 75, .52-54; 77, .51-53; 78, .51-53]
3.3 , 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
177 381.23 0.01r 0.27 48.97 1.02 52.41 18.12 0.11 0.3 133.93 0.15
177 380.17 0.01r 0.19 53.04 0.84 53.56 17.63 0.05 0.29 137.17 0
172 363.04 0.06 0.2 50.2 1 48.2 17.77 0.04 0.23 137.99 0
161 353.76 0.04 0.15 48.5 0.93 46.5 13.9 0 0.22 137.95 0
149 325.85 0.05 0.1 41.3 0.9 41.3 12.4 0r 0.2r 116.71 0r «
158
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98/97, % 92.5 92.1 125 68.5 85.2 96.3 88.8 89.2 ... 90.9 84.6 ... »
«
1999 .»
1994
1995
6.31 1.04 90r 7.46 0.1 20.91 0.04 0.08 1672.25 0.2 0.06 6.1 0.03 254.05 31.24 1.88 101.5 0.76 1181.05 70 7.44 0.01 0.17 1.43 0.04 0* 3.08 0.03 0.01 0.29 4.32 0.2r 1.46 6.9 204.19 0.02r 0.9 0.13 0.1r 0.16 5.52 0.4r 0.06 0.65 0.01 0.15 0.01n 0.23 0.05 195.8 965.34 0.21 5.12 4.43 62.14 22.6 11.43
6.36 1.06 81.5r 6.98 0.08 21.31 0.04 0.06 1791.94 0.14 0.07 7.2 0.05 263.5 41.52 1.85 83.2 0.47 1301.07 71 5.72 0.04 0.11 1.45 0.04 0* 3 0.03 0.01 0.23 3.52 0.1 1.32 6.3 214.59 0.02 0.9 0.13 0.1r 0.14 5.54 0.4r 0.04r 0.65 0.04 0.15r 0.02 0.17 0.04 206.24 971.02 0.3 5.52 4.26 64.23 25.87 11.8
1996 6.96 1.07r 70.07 7.31 0.06 21.78 0.04r 0.06 1805.56 0.18 0.07 10.9 0.03 285.4 47.34 1.84 76.6 0.4 1330.15 30.3 4.95 0.07 0.07 1.26 0.04 0.01 3.34 0.02 0* 0.15 4.71 0.1r 1.12 6.5 213.91 0.02r 0.76 0.13r 0.35 0.1 5.17 0.04r 0.06 0.51 0.04 0.15 0.03 0.13 0.05 206.36 1003.79 0.33 5.4 4.34 65.02 29.59 13.75
1997
1998
4.3 4.3 0r 4 74.47 74.2 5.78 5.3 0.05 0.05 20.85 24.9 0.04r 0.04r 0.09 0.11 1873.3 1704.12 0.22 0.23 0.07r 0.07r 10.7 11.7 0* 0.01r 295.9 300 52.07 61.2 1.75 1.81 72.65 65.7 0.5 0.5 1351.9a 1185.5 70 60 4.61 4.3 0.1 0.1r 0.11 0.35 1.5 2 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01r 3.3 3.1 0.01 0.01 0*r 0* 0.1 0.5 2.3 2.3 0.1r 0.1r 1.1 1 4.28 3.6 226.66 230.03 0.02r 0.02r 0.78 0.8 0.13r 0.13r 0.35 0.2 0.1 0.15 5.3 5.05 0.04r 0.04r 0.06 0.05 0.38 0.4 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.18 0.41 0.1 0.1 218.85 222.3 1034.45 1055.51 0.35 0.33 5.63j 5.6 5.28 6.8 67.04 63.6 32.8 34 12.71 10 «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
98/97, % r
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
100 ... 99.6 91.7 102 119.4 100 114.1 91 104.5 100 109.3 217.4 101.4 117.5 103.4 90.4 100 87.7 85.7 93.2 102.7 332.6 133.3 133.3 122.5 93.9 100 156.7 509.1 100 100 90.9 84.2 101.5 100 103 100 57.1 152.3 95.3 100 82.3 106.3 100 100 100 227.8 101.5 101.6 102 94.3 99.5 128.7 94.9 103.7 78.7
»
159
«
1994 0.07 857.66 1.67 . 185.51 182.73 2.78 3585.52
1999 .»
1995
1996
1997
1998
98/97, %
0.06 858.61 0.36 196.74 193.53 3.2 3731.45
0.06 885.06 0.23 201.9 198.64 3.26 3760.2
0.07 910.44 0.14 219.94 216.49 3.45 3869.12
0.08 934.2 0.9 293.2 289.7 3.5 3757.72
123.1 102.6 661.6 133.3 133.8 101.4 97.1
: * a
,
j n r
: [3, .15; 7, .12; 11, .13; 21; 26; 28, .17; 29, .16; 35, .4, 16; 36, .61; 37, .48, 50-51; 40, .104; 41, .134; 42; 43; 44, .78; 45, .185, 192; 46, .87, 92, 126, 163, 177, 189, 191, 193; 47, .216; 48, .35-36, 44; 52, .103; 57, .198; 62, .146; 71, .179; 75, .52-54; 77, .51-52; 78, .51-53].
3.4 , 1994 95.3 543.24 1.37 0.16 28.58 2.5r 12.89 207.1 57.53 11.36 0.52 6.86 66.77 36.89 2.62 4.85 2.7 1.5 0.05r 60.72 38.27 174.46 0.1r 19.2 2.5 1.25 60.95 10r 3.55 0.04 0* 0.17 17.1 55.04 4.5
.
1995 85.9 525.54 1.25 0.11 28.64 2.5r 13.61 192.76 57.5 10.68 0.37 7r 63.55 37.06 2.66 4.88 2.3 1.4 0.06r 58.73 40.5 183.5 0.1r 22 2.1 0.5 66.55 10r 3.56 0.03 0* 0.16 18.42 56.03 4
1996 83 519.15 1.11 0.07 32.05 2r 14.11 187.25 54.73 9.59 0.22 6.5 63.85 37.81 3.76 4.78 2.2 0.8 0.06r 60.44 37.83 195.27 0.1r 25 3.4 0.4r 66.55 13 3.85 0.04 0* 0.15r 21.69 57.53 3.5r
1997
1998
83 503.61 1.13 0.04 29.42 2.3r 14.68 177.16 58.34 8.46 0.2 6.5 63.17 29 3.85 6.36 1.43 1.03 0.07 58.14 42.31 202.76 0 25 3 0.5 67r 21 3.5 0.03r 0* 0.01 23.44 56.09 3.13
83 491.51 1 0.03r 31 2 13.6 166.2 60.4 13.7 0.08 6.5 62.82 29 3.9r 5.2 1.41 0.8 0.07r 50.8 43 157.18 0r 23 3 0.4r 50 22r 3.2 0.03r 0*r 0.01r 15.5 40 0.04r «
160
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
98/97, % 100 97.6 88.5 75 105.4 87 92.6 93.8 103.5 161.9 39.4 100 99.4 100 101.2 81.8 98.3 77.7 93.3 87.4 101.6 77.5 ... 92 100 80 74.6 104.8 91.4 100 127.4 100 66.1 71.3 1.3 »
«
1999 .»
1994 0.06 91.79 10.68 79.92 1.18 50.23 49.98 0.25 955.02
.
1995
1996 r
0.04 90.35 10.74 78.49 1.12 50.99 50.75 0.24 936.28
1997
1998 r
0.05 91.26 11.65 78.33 1.28 60.91 60.7 0.21 941.55
0.07 92.1 10.84 80.06 1.21 53.85 53.6 0.25 943.37
98/97, %
... 93.1 11.8 80 1.3r 66 65.8 0.2 890.79
... 102 101.3 102.1 101.7 108.4 108.4 93.7 94.6
: * r
: [11, .13; 19, .1; 21; 26; 29, .16; 35, .4, 16; 41, .134; 42; 43; 45, .123, 199, 206; 47, .217; 48, .36-37, 44, 51; 57, .198; 61, .394; 62, .146; 71, .179; 75; 77, .51-53; 78, .51-53]
1999 .
250
. -
94 [48, .158]. 8845 ,
-
[48, .108].
25800
,
[67, .259]. 1998 .
1014.2
1997 .
.
2.6%, ,
6.3%
. ,
,
,
1998 .
. .
1800
;
62%
.
(
,
(
, 38% –
8.8%)
6.8%) –
,
-
–
,
,
,
-
. . 3.5% 1998 .
[48, .106]. , 1999 .
, 1%
1125
[67, .258].
2015 .
ABARE,
-
, 90 [48, .145]. 1998 .
48
[48, .6],
.
,
. 0.9 ,
1998 . – , 1980 .
1999 . ,
: 1990 . 75% [73, .157]. 31%, 1998 . 75% : [73, .157].
« .
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
63.5%
-
57%. [9, .13]. -
»
161
«
1999 .»
(
)
-
, ,
. (
) [61, .391].
Coal India Ltd.
. –
.
;
,
.
. Coal India Ltd., Eastern Coalfields Ltd., Bharat Coking Coal Neyvelli Lignite .
Singareni Collieries.
.
, 20,
65
,
, 64 1998 .
1998 . [48, .107][48, .159]. 31 .
62%
.
-
5.1%, 12.3%,
– – 21.8%.
71,
8.4%. 0.7%.
(
,
16.2%)
,
(
3.9%) (
,
. 37%);
,
22-24%; 12-19.8%;
–
( [23, .136; 68, .291]. 1999 .
) ,
1993 . 64%, 7.2%
1998 .
15.5
1.7
,
. 1993 . 30%. 1993 – 77.35 . . 1993 .
1998 . ,
6
-
1998 .
. [18,
.13]. , 1998 .
, 222.6
,
6%
. Anglo American Coal Corp. (Amcoal) 50%2002 . 4 10 . Ingwe
540 .58].
; .
30% , Minorco
(
– 250
),
, [34,
.
.
«
162
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1998 .
, 2005 . – 3.8
, ). –
(
18 [12, .14; 15, .13; 68, .293].
6300
-
26 – 5.3 15,
-
Deutsche Steinkohle AG,
Ruhrkohle
AG. (
. : Ostravsko-karvinske doly Karbon Invest [48, .112]. 70 , 1999 . , 29 [68, .292]. 1998 . 75.4 , 28.5 46.9 . (23.1 ) (5.4 ), – (1.7 ), (31.0 ), (11.8 ), (0.3 ) (2.1 ). , 12.7 , Luscar, ( Fording Coal). Luscar 1998 . 41.6 , Fording Coal – 19.7 , Teck – 7.6 [70, .136]. 19.8 ( 1997 . – 25.3 ), – 5.8 ( 1997 . – 6.5 ) [68, .292]. , 1998 . Ceskomoravsje doly –
)
1998 .
,
,
1998 .
26.18% , 2020 . 25% [6, .13]. 3.1%, , -
[13, .14]. 1998 .
1997 . (
)
. ,
,
,
,
,
,
[11, .12]. 1998 . (
, .3.5).
,
,
,
3.5
, 1994
. .
1995
185.88 585.62 3.68 0.25r 0.29 12.5 11.18 1.22r 74.41 4.71 104.59 12.35
175.59 605.95 3.53 0.07r 0.44 14.41 11.47 1.22r 71.03 4.85 133.23 12.06
1996 175 578.2 3.97 0.12r 0.73 11.17 11.17 1.23r 66.03 5.44 130.73 11.47
.
1997
1998
166.11 570.29 4.56 0.12r 0.88 11.03 11.03 1.22r 59.39 5.44 127.6 11.17
151.12 545.59 4.85 0.12r 0.59 10.58 10.58 1.22r 59.83 5.14 124.51 11.17
« .
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« » E-mail: [email protected]
98/97, %
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
91 95.7 106.5 100 66.7 96 96 100 100.7 94.6 97.6 100
»
163
«
1994 11.47 2.79 0.15 26.47 16.76 0.4r 0.37r 2.45r 0.45r 13.23 0.88 106.32 5 13.82 7.5 2.5r 68.09 6.03 21.29 0.09r 32.35 0.29 3.09 0.14r 18.48r 1442.74 0.1r 0.18r 0.15 0.11r 4.77r 10.08r 0.04r 4.79r 181.76 9.12 1.91 50.73 0.94r 900.88 41.29r 39.26 0.01r 1.62 2.65r 0.05r 0.11r 3.23 0.11r 8.97 24.41 30.29 2.65 1.91 120.59 117.82 0.59
1995
1996
1999 .»
1997
1998
9.71 13.23 9.85 2.73 2.79 2.94 0.15 0.15 0.15 27.21 22.65 25.87 17.94 17.21 16.46 0.36r 0.4r 0.4r r r 0.3 0.03 0.45r r r 2.21 2.1 2.2r r r 0.18 0.09 0.2r 14.41 13.67 13.97 1.03 0.88 0.88 105.44 105.88 104.66 6.18 5.73 5.29 14.26 13.97 12.35 9.85 7.2 7.2 2.45r 2.5r 2.5r 61.91 44.85 54.39 4.56 5.88 6.61 21.18 21.62 19.4 0.08r 0.08r 0.08r 30.73 34.26 31.31 0.29 0.29 0.15 3.09 3.53 3.09 0.14r 0.13r 0.16r r r 17.24 17 17.3r 1498.92 1569.96 1599.62 0.1r 0.1r 0.15r r r 0.13 0.12 0.1r 0.15r 0.15 0.15 r r 0.13 0.13 0.15r r r 5.54 6 6.2r 11.34r 12.3r 5 0.04r 0.02r 0.01r r r 6.05 7.15 7.4r 192.65 206.32 215.21 9.56 11.47 11.76 2.06 1.76 1.32 40.44 41.03 35.28 1.17r 0.56r 0.5r 940 979.41 1002.25 42.34r 42r 42.5r 41.32 46.47 49.98 0.01r 0.01r 0.01r 2.21 2.21 2.35 2.72r 2.8r 2.9r r r 0.05 0.05 0.05r r r 0.11 0.11 0.11r 3.23 3.23 3.23 0.11r 0.1r 0.01r 10.41 12.79 12.79 25 28.38 32.34 31.18 30.44 29.84 2.06 1.76 2.79 2.06 3.23 3.23 126.77 129.85 132.01 122.6 128.76 130.84 0.59 0.59 0.59
98/97, %
8.23 2.94 0.15 25.87 17.35 0.4r 0.45r 2.2r 0.2r 13.82 1.03 89.52 5.59 9.41 6.91 2.4r 54.1 5 22.2 0.08r 28.52 0.15 2.94 0.15r 17.4r 1519.37 0.1r 0.1r 0.15r 0.15r 6.4r 5r 0.01r 7.4r 225.79 11.17 1.47 33.66 0.45r 911.11 42.6r 53.07 0.01r 2.21 3r 0.05r 0.11r 3.38 0.01r 10.73 34.99 29.69 2.65 3.38 130.54 137.9 0.59 «
164
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83.6 100 100 100 105.4 100 100 100 100 98.9 116.7 85.5 105.6 76.2 95.9 96 99.5 75.6 114.4 100 91.1 100 95.2 93.8 100.6 95 68 100 100 100 103.2 100 90 100 104.9 95 111.1 95.4 90 90.9 100.2 106.2 100 93.8 103.4 100 100 104.5 90 83.9 108.2 99.5 94.7 104.5 98.9 105.4 100 »
«
1999 .»
1994
1995 r
1996 r
0.81 0.12r 1.47 0.14r 4.97r 0.36r 0.05r 0.58r 0.01r 0.13r 0.12r 0.18r 0.04r 108.24 796.62 1.76 15 0.29 36.03 5.44 10.78r 0.11r 724.26 2.94 . 58.68 56.91 1.76 3187.36
1997 r
1998 r
0.59 0.5 0.6 0.12r 0.12r 0.12r 1.62 1.47 1.47 0.13r 0.12r 0.13r r r 4.43 4.5 4.5r r r 0.36 0.36 0.3r r r 0.05 0.05 0.05r r r 0.5 0.5 0.5r r r 0.04 0.02 0.03r r r 0.13 0.14 0.14r r r 0.08 0.09 0.09r r r 0.15 0.15 0.15r r r 0 0 0.01r 113.82 120.15 122.16 797.37 828.16 850.34 1.91 1.32 1.32 15.44 15.73 16.61 0.29 0.29 0.29 37.06 33.97 38.95 5.88 4.7 4.56 7.21 8.67 8.82 0.07r 0.08r 0.09r 726.76 758.82 776.01 2.73 4.56 3.67 62.35 64.85 70.41 60.59 63.09 68.65 1.76 1.76 1.76 3262.77 3344.92 3387.61
98/97, % r
0.6 0.12r 1.47 0.13r 4.5r 0.3r 0.05r 0.5r 0.04r 0.14r 0.09r 0.15r 0.01r 129.21 857.68 1.32 16.32 0.29 38.07 4.12 8.82 0.08r 784.54 4.12 69.09 67.33 1.76 3280.75
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 133.3 100 100 100 100 105.8 100.9 100 98.2 100 97.7 90.3 100 94.4 101.1 112 98.1 98.1 100 96.8
: r
: [11, .13; 57, .201, 215; 58, .215; 62, .147; 71, .181]
, , 1-4%
: (
1994-1998
-
.
.3.6, 3.7).
– ,
,
,
[11, .13]. 1998 .
187
( 1997 . – 181
)
[63, .259]. , ( 1998 .
.3.6). ,
, ,
, 5% [23, .38].
. [11, .13]. 3.6
,
.
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
24.08 45.64 1.39 1.24 2.19c
29.67 48.48 1.53 0.92 1.74c
25.61 44.61 1.59 0.99 1.04c
21.6 43.04 1.94 1.06 0.51
23.5 43.38 1.9r 1.1r 0.8r
« .
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
98/97, % 108.8 100.8 97.9 103.8 156.9 »
165
«
1994
1995
0.05 0* 0.02c 0.01c 2.87c 0.18c 27.7c 2.72 0.58c 6.5 0.02c 0.17 79.28 2.3 0.67 25.36c 26r ... 24.3c 0.47 0.06c 0c* 0* 0.1r 0* 54.67 0.07c 54.59c 118.48 4.09 31.22 18.44 64.74 132.23 131.23 1 454.37
.
1996 c
0.06 0* 0c* 0.04c 2.84c 0.18c 31.86 1.69 0.44c 7.02 0c* 0.16 81.72 2.5 0.65 31.57c 17.6r 0.17 28.62c 0.43 0.08 0c* 0r 0.1r 0* 59.74 0.06c 59.68 136.47 3.8 34.07 18.27 80.33 137.56 136.44 1.13 493.64
1999 .»
1997 c
0.12 0c* 0* 0.01 2.32c 0.16c 28.93c 2.29 0.29 6.74 0c* 0.15r 77.73 3.2 0.48 36.4 8.02r 0.09 29c 0.42r 0.01 0c* 0r 0.1 0* 60.27 0.05r 60.22 142.05 3.6 31.48 24.9 82.08 142.25 140.81 1.44 492.53
1998
0.11 0r 0* 0* 2.93 0.1r 27 2.37 0.22 6.65 0r 0.15r 102.32 3.6 0.6r 42 24.8 0.08 30.72 0.4r 0.05r 0r 0r 0.07 0r 57.28 0.04r 57.24 144.59 4.7 36.5 27.6 75.79 159.36 157.76 1.6 528.19
98/97, % r
0.1 0r 0r 0r 2.9r 0.1r 27.6 1.88 0.2r 6.7r 0r 0.1r 105.42 1.6 0.5r 46.8 23.7 0.02 32.3 0.4r 0.04r 0r 0r 0.06r 0r 65.83 0.03r 65.8 132.9 5.7 34.2 29.6 63.4 167.9 166.7 1.2 538.94
90.9 ... 0 0 99 100 102.2 79.4 90.9 100.8 ... 66.7 103 44.4 83.3 111.4 95.6 29.5 105.1 100 80 ... ... 85.7 ... 114.9 75 115 91.9 121.3 93.7 107.2 83.7 105.4 105.7 75 102
: * c r
: [5, .12; 11, .13; 19; 27, .166; 35, .147; 38, .17; 47, .67; 57, .198; 61, .396; 62, .146; 69, .271; 75, .55-56; 77, .54-55, 146; 78, .54-55]
1998 .
1997 .
1% (
.3.7).
, . , 850
2010 . -
, ,
–
[23, .11].
«
166
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
3.7 , 1994
.
1995
25.9 162.3 3 0.4r 13.29 1.05 15.09 1.96 15.48 1.43 11.8 2.49 0.07 11.84 15.76 0.45 0.35 0.21 2.44 17.12 0.76 1.07 5.01 4.08 4.96 0.02 5.69r 8.1 12.6 0.4r 1.72 0.13 3.04 0.16r 0.33 224.89 0* 0.03r 0.4r 8.45 5.32 10.74 0.3 0.84 1.31r 0.15 ... 1.21 1.55 39.21 1.38 0.12r 0.86 1.42
18.3 173.62 3r 0.24r 13.06 0.63 15.86 1.76 15.08 1.41 12.94 2.4 0.06 13.98 18.62 0.16 0.23 0.04 1.31 17.56 0.89 1.5 5.66 4.73 4.84 0.01r 11.43r 5.89 13.31 0.18 2.68 0.21 3.5 0.16r 0.27 247.69 0.07 0.04r 0.4r 9.11 6.72 12.51 0.64 0.41 0.8r 0.17 4.09 1.61 1.11 43.84 1.3r 0.12r 1.02 2.32
1996 20 181.5 3.5r 0.3r 12.04 3.39 17.61 1.89 16.35 1.57 12.46 2.59 0.07 12.12 16.72 0.21 0.39 0* 0.2r 17.82 0.79 1.98 5.1 4.73 4.99 0.02 16 6.18 15.65 0.09 3.21 0.13 3.23 0.16r 0.03 253.49 0.09 0.05r 0.4r 6.77 7.9r 3.17 0.41 0.4r 0.5r 0.16 7.09 3.2 1.6r 45.81 1.35r 0.12r 0.94 3.8
1997
1998
15 168.07 3.8 0.3r 12.6 3.29 19.73 1.74 19.85 1.23 14.07 3.16 0.06r 1.13 15.9 0.14 0.32 0*r 0.2r 19.05 0.73 1.5r 5.6 5.24 2.39 0.03 9.2 7.44 13.56 0.06 2.27 0.08 3.13 0.16r 0.11 262.59 0* 0.07 0.4r 6.5r 8r 8r 0.38 0.4r 0.4r 0.12 0.29 3r 1.6r 49.75 1.35r 0.12r 0.91 3.8
14.9 171.19 3.7r 0.3r 12.3r 3.3r 20.5r 1.7r 21r 1.2r 13r 3.1r 0.06r 5r 15r 0.1r 0.3r 0*r 0.2r 19r 0.75r 1.5r 5.6r 5.4r 2.4r 0.03r 8.41 7.6r 14r 0.06r 2.2r 0.07r 3.1r 0.16r 0.15r 264.49 0*r 0.06r 0.4r 6.4r 8r 7r 0.4r 0.4r 0.4r 0.12r 0.81 2.9r 1.6r 50.1r 1.35r 0.12r 0.93r 3.8r
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
98/97, %
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
99.3 101.9 97.4 100 97.7 100.3 103.9 97.7 105.8 97.6 92.4 98.1 100 441.3 94.3 69.9 92.9 100 100 99.7 102.7 100 100 103.1 100.4 100 91.4 102.2 103.2 98.4 96.9 87.5 99.2 100 133.9 100.7 50 92.3 100 98.5 100 87.5 105.3 100 100 100 277.5 96.7 100 100.7 100 100 102.2 100
»
167
«
1994 26.74 6.65 1.06 117.13 4.18 0.42 1.85 0.02 0.03 1.29 0.01 0.56 21.68 1.28 1.24 0.03 9.05 0.15 0.29 0.06 0.35 6.88 2.34 1.21 1r 0.21 440.15
.
1995
1999 .»
1996
29.24 4.34 1.65 126.18 5.33 0.71 1.8 0.04 0.09 1.88 0* 0.81 34.64 1.16 12.54 0.03 9.74 0.16 1.26 0.07 0.29 6.53 2.87 1.68 1.5r 0.18 481.26
1997
30.8 7.85 1.66 129.41 5.52 0.32 1.65r 0.04r 0.07 2.21 0* 1.22 39.46 1.03 13.5r 0.02 11.65 0.15r 1.54 0.07 0.36 6.46 4.67 2.23 2r 0.23 502.2
1998
98/97, % r
37.1 10.2r 1.9r 130.5r 4.89 0.5r 1.85r 0.04r 0.04r 1.3r 0.01r 1.15r 43.77 1.06r 12.6 0.03r 14.8r 0.15r 2.2r 0.07r 0.3r 7.91 4.65r 2.9 2.6r 0.3r 502.14
36.7 9.6 1.8 129.4 4.9 0.5r 1.87 0.04r 0.04 1.3r 0.01r 1.14 43.62 1.05 13.9 0.03r 14.6 0.15r 2.1r 0.06r 0.3r 6.8 4.63 2.8 2.5r 0.3r 496.99
101.1 106.3 105.6 100.9 99.7 100 98.9 100 90.9 100 100 100.9 100.4 101 90.6 100 101.4 100 104.8 116.7 100 116.4 100.4 103.6 104 100 101
: * r
: [2, .13; 19; 23, .171; 29, .18; 35, .53; 37, .10, 26-27, 29, 31, 35-36, 40; 39, .48; 41, .140; 46, .113, 173; 47, .70, 82, 147, 150-151; 54, .224; 72, .271; 74, .1; 75, .58-59; 76, .57; 77, .56-58; 78, .54, 56-58]
.
1995 . .
,
McCloskey Coal Information Service, 44.5 ./ 1995 .
32 ./ 1998 . 1995 . 40.51 ./ 1998 ., 1998 . [11, .13]. 1998 . , 7200 S-1%, A-10%) 20.58 A-14%). IV 1998 . . 33.04 ./ , IV 1999 . 27.09 ./ III . IV 27.34 ./ . , 28.34 ./ 1998 . (Global Coal Market),
–
./
1996 .
, : ./ (
43.7 ,
I
1998 .
./ (
I, II, III ./ I
1999 .
–
35.09
./
1987 .
30.88
./
« (www.globalcoal.com).
»
«
168
./ ./
, GAR, Q, S-0.8%,
, , GAR, Q-6500
28.49 ./ . : 27.92
: 1998 . [11, .13; 48, .108].
1994 .
56.68
47.58 50.74
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
, , ,
.
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. [32,
1000 .68].
, ,
, ,
«International Energy Outlook 1999» 1996 . 48%; – 1.5%, 3.2%. , , ,
.
-
2020 . :
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– 1.4-1.8%, ; ;
; , . [8, .12]. 1.5%, 1996 .
; ; 1995 . 2.3%.
; ,
,
.
,
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, 2000 . 22220 [3, .14]. 1991-1998
,
. 44%
1992 . , 44
1998 . .
.
, -
, . (
)
(
semi –
)
,
«PCI».
,
,
.
(
)
, .
, 1998 . ,
59.1 ; 17.4% –
-
(47.9%) (34.7%)
semi
PCI. , Primark WEFA,
1998 .
2000 .
[14, .15]. ,
30 .
8.5
, -
, , . 2010 . 2.5% [16, .13]. .
,
,
. ,
1998 .,
.
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2020 . – 1994 . ( 1997 .
1997 . 4648 ,
«
»
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),
-
169
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1999 .»
, : .14; 74, .52]. , , -
1.01.1999 . – 200 1994-1998
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. , – 149
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60
. . , ,
,
,
,
[8, .13].
, -
[11, .13].
) -
(
, . [69, .49].
[33, .112], : , ( . 1997 .): 2000 . – 16.59; 2005 . – 14.93; 2010 . – 14.00; 2015 . – 13.21; 2020 . – 12.74. 1.5% . , . , , 20 1085-1235 [17, .16].
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
. 1997. . 1997. . 1997. . 1997. . 1998. . 1998. . 1998. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 2000. . 2000. . 2000.
21.
63. 99. 104. 143. 81. 85. 95. 61. 94. 126. 127. 133. 134. 138. 151. 10. 17. 22.
/ 1997.
.
1996 ". .,
"
22.
(
)/
.;
. .
.
. .
23. (
01.01.1999): , . ., 1999. -
/ , 24. 1998 . . ., 1999.
1999 . /
25.
(
).
01.01.99 ( ). ukrres.doc. 1.09.1999.
, 1999.
-
26.
20. .
1991 .) / ., 1992.
1995.
-
.:
27.
, 1996. :
/
.
., 1997.
«
170
., 1988.,
.1.
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
28.
. "
.
29.
30. 31. 32. 33.
34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
01.01.1997 . / " , 1997.
-
. 01.01.1998 . / " " . , 1998. . 1989. 5. African Energy. 1999. V.1, 5. African Mining. 1999. V.4, 3. Annual Energy Outlook 1999. ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/pdf/multi.fuel/038399 .pdf. 1999. Annual Review. Africa. 1999. Coal Industry Annual 1997. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/cia/cia.pdf. 1998. Coal Year 1995 / Financial Times. London, 1995. Coal Year 1996 / Financial Times. London, 1996. Engineering and Mining Journal. 1997. V.198, 1. Engineering and Mining Journal. 1998. V.199, 3. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1997. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1998. Minerals Yearbook 1996. http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/. 1997. Minerals Yearbook 1998. http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/. 1998. Mining Annual Review. 1995. Mining Annual Review. 1996. Mining Annual Review. 1997. Mining Annual Review. 1998. Mining Annual Review. 1999. Mining Journal Supplement. 1996, October. V.327, 4. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8501.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8489. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8519. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8532. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8549. Mining Magazine. 1996. V.174, 3. Mining Magazine. 1996. V.175, 6. Mining Magazine. 1997. V.177, 3. Mining Magazine. 1997. V.177, 4. Mining Magazine. 1998. V.178, 3. Mining Magazine. 1998. V.178, 5. Mining Magazine. 1998. V.178, 6. Mining Magazine. 1998. V.179, 3. Mining Magazine. 1998. V.179, 5. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.180, 1. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.180, 2. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.180, 3. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.180, 5. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.180, 6. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.181, 1. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.181, 2. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.181, 3. Mining Magazine. 1999. V.181, 4. Mining Magazine. 2000. V.182, 3. Quarterly Coal Report January-March 1999. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/q cr.pdf. 24.08.1999. World Mineral Statistics 1990-94 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1995. World Mineral Statistics 1991-95 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1996. World Mineral Statistics 1992-96 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1998. World Mineral Statistics 1993-97 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1999.
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
171
«
1999 .»
,
1.01.1997 . ( «
» 80
«
.4.1).
»
./
,
,
80–130
– (
./ )
-
. 4.1 1.01.1997 . (
)
(%) .
. 1586 983.5 34.5 31.3 68.5 13 103 12.2 16.1 13.7 13.4 20.8 13.3 372 1.5 23.8 236.7 10 5697.3 243.8 108.1 7.9 25 1670.6
1104.5 608.73 18.24 15.48 61.5 6 60 ... 10 ... 3 4.97 1.06 241 ... ... 187.48 ... 4436.6 235.7 31.73 ... 25 810
, % 182 164 16 0* 0 7 0 5 5 14 9 16 7 63 ... 15 8 ... 974 0* 76 ... ... 635
5.1 4.6 0.5 0 0 0.2 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.8 ... 0.4 0.2 ... 27.4 0 2.1 ... ... 17.9
. 145 94 8 0* 0 1 0 5 5 ... 7 ... 2 46 0 13 7 0 576 ... ... 0 ... 439
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
, % 5.7 3.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 ... 0.3 ... 0.1 1.8 0 0.5 0.3 0 22.7 ... ... 0 ... 17.3
0.15 ... ... 0.12r 0.1r ... 0.04r 0.07r 0.07r 0.06r 0.08r 0.14r 0.07 0.09 0.1 0.21r 0.11r 0.02 ... ... 0.16r 0.15r ... 0.07
»
173
«
1999 .»
. . 1834 1770 14.8 ... 1472.6 1390 0.5 ... 9.1 ... 304.4 174.17 6.6 ... 2098.4 1290.11 27.7 ... 8.6 1.61 3.5 ... 15 15 22 22 26.8 25 10.1 ... 8.5 ... 294.9 ... 71.2 ... 10 ... . 16 ... 1584.1 1226.5 5607 4534.8 13 1.1 0.5 ... 882.2 620 163 163 1280 850 228 228 15.1 12.7 49.6 46 2971 2610 4.5 4 . 895 ... 895 ... 16867.2 11974.74
.
, % 64 ... 83 1 9 106 ... 668 27 7 4 ... ... 2 10 9 247 71 0 8 284 812 6 1 262 ... 430 ... 0 4 110 0* 758 758 3557
1.8 ... 2.3 0 0.3 3 ... 18.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 ... ... 0.1 0.3 0.2 6.9 2 0 0.2 8 22.8 0.2 0 7.4 ... 12.1 ... 0 0.1 3.1 0 21.3 21.3 100
... ... 62 ... 9 66 ... 488 26 6 2 ... ... 2 ... ... 156 70 0 8 218 609 5 ... 162 ... 331 ... 0 2 110 ... 622 622 2534
, % 0.14r 0.04r 0.16r 0.05r 0.06 0.1 0.04 ... 0.13r 0.31r 0.2r ... ... 0.6r 0.25r 0.17 0.11r 0.2r 0.08 ... 0.03r ... 0.19r 0.08r 0.13r ... 7.72r ... 0.08r 0.17r 0.11r ... ... 0.17r ...
... ... 2.4 ... 0.4 2.6 ... 19.3 1 0.2 0.1 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 6.2 2.8 0 0.3 8.6 24 0.2 ... 6.4 ... 13.1 ... 0 0.1 4.3 ... 24.5 24.5 100
: * r s
: [3, .13; 62, .27; 63, .26-27, 32, 140, 145, 206, 27; 75, .65, 70, 73; 86, .70, 93, 108, 121, 131, 133, 149-150, 156-157]
16.9 30% – 2.53 (51.6%) 80
1)
1
(
70% .
4.9 (
./ ,
21%) 2).
130
,
1.34
( 80– -
(27.4%)
./
. 40
./ ,
,
. 4.1.
74% 100
, .
(21.3%
),
(17.8%),
«
174
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
(12.1%),
1999 .»
(8%),
(6.9),
(5.1%)
(3.1%).
-
. , (
)«
»;
,
. ( (
-
)
,
) .
– 98114
14.7% [10, .4]. :« »( «
-
) »
. «
,
»
,
,
, –
. -
, 0.39% [21, .9]. ,
76.6
. 1
5
.
,
,
; . 0.05% [85, .50].
, 560
1998 .
(
)
( «
) -
».
. , ; ,
, ,
,
,
.
«
– 0.06% [64, .102]. 20
» -
55 – – 0.18% [53, .9]. ,
-
,
; -
. «
»(
).
-
. , – 0.03%.
. 50
«
»
.
« («
»)
. ,
,
»
,
-
. –
,
, .
80.7
0.029% [72].
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: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
175
«
1999 .»
«
».
-
, , .
, ,
-
.
0.25%, . »
«
», 80
–
100
,
./ –
2/3
.
50
–
30
.
( , 1998-1999 22
-
:
)
1998 .
. .
« ., ) [67]. ,
60
.
( Cameco 1997 . 1998-1999 . .
[43]. 1997 .
35%
280
6.9%, 16.2%
25.4% -
. Rio Tinto,
Cogema [2, .151]. 1998 . ,
9
98
[50]. ,
».
Uranium Power Corp. [74]. .
Hornby Bay Exploration Ltd. 10
1975-1981 . [32, .57]. 1998 .
», , , 20-25 . [65]. ERA 5.3 . ( 1997 . – 1.4 .) [20, .34]. 1998 . ( « »), 490 . 1999 . ERA [56]. Black Range Minerals NL, Cameco Australia P/L, Cogema Australia P/L PNC Exploration (Australia) P/L. WMC Ltd., 1997 . 1999 . 1.94 ., 82 105 [85, .17]. « » , , . Heathgate Resources Pty. Ltd. ( », «
«
»
«
»
. 1998
«
176
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
) 17808
, 0.15% [6]. 1999 . 25
,
25 ,
64
[57].
Southern Cross Resources ,
3850 0.034%, 1998 .
NL
– 5570 [27, .9].
Paladin Resources » 6770
« . 0.1%
[26, .9; 58]. Summit Resources NL, (« » , 16.0
93.3 , 0.27% –
, ),
VDDH-39 : 0.2%
0.82% –
10.2 250
[31, .24]. 10380
0.1% [84]. 1998 . 21.7
1997 .
29%
.
270
6.3% « 1144 [69, .1].
271
1997 . » .
,
1998 .
.,
-
5231 (1370
)
Anaconda Uranium Corp. (7 ) Uranium Resources Inc. ( ) (
11.5
[4]. , 30 1.4
),
[76, .7]. : 1998 .
106 1994 . [69, .44]. .
1997 . 1998 .
108
« »
.
, 10.2 ; ;
,
20
(U3O8).
[1, .64-68].
–
( ).
, 5% –
-
.
15% – ,
,
80% , .
1998 . 5% (
1997 . .4.2). « .
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
177
«
1999 .»
4.2 ( 1994
1995
2541 3355 40 50 402 395 255 24 120r 500 1028 541 5264 200 2240 780r 23r 2015 6 7216 650 1901 2975 1690 11208 64 50 9694 1400 2183 2183 31767
.
1996
2250 2741 23 20r 205 40 255 18 100r 500 980 600 4159 200r 1630 500 23r 1800 6 7031 630 2007 2970 1424 13029 65 125 10515 2324 3712 3712 32922
), 1997
2000 2668 28 0 200 40 255 15 100 500 930 600 3549 200 1320 500 23 1500 6 7777 565 2452 3320 1440 14237 29 0 11788 2420 4974 4974 35205
1998
98/97, % r
2000 2057 15 0 10 40 255 19 100r 500r 508 610 3973 200r 1250 500r 23r 2000 ... 8186 731 2762 3731 962 12831 35 0 10924 1872 4885 4885 33932
2000 2477 27 0 200 40 255 17 100 500 748 590 3493 200 1000 500 23 1764 6 7974 472 2905 3497 1100 14234 35 0 12029 2170 5520 5520 35698
100 83 55.6 ... 5 100 100 111.8 100 100 67.9 103.4 113.7 100 125 100 100 113.4 ... 102.7 154.9 95.1 106.7 87.5 90.1 100 ... 90.8 86.3 88.5 88.5 95.1
: r
: [14; 16; 38, .79; 39; 62, .39; 63, .41; 87, .67; 88, .67; 89, .67; 90, .67; 91]
( :
,
)
,
, –
, ),
( , 70% ;
–
.
Cameco
30% 1998 .
Cameco ,
.
1998 . Uranerzbergau [9, .3]. Cameco ( .4.4).
,
-
,
-
«
178
.4.3).
(
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
4.3 ), 1996
1997
1998
5830
6369
7407
10566
4199
5084
6103
6100
1228
2550
3508
4095
3434
83.9
Rio Tinto (RTZ-CRA Group 1997 .), Uranerzbergbau GmbH,
...
1420
1716
2019
1921
95.1
...
3031
3315
3532
0
WMC Ltd.,
955
1162
1466
1425
1476
Cameco Corporation, Cogema Group, Energy Resources of Australia Ltd. (ERA),
1994
1995
5381 4337r
98/97, % 142.6 100
0 103.6
: r
: [7, .61; 9, .3, 72; 13; 36, .13; 37, .2; 78; 79; 80; 81]
4.4 , (
)
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
98/97,%
1963
1970
2120
2139
2000
93.5
...
1000
1200
1358
1731s
127.5
5314
5461
5423
5433
5385
99.1
...
1210
1963
1964
1039
52.9
2600
1800
1500
1764
2000
113.4
1124
1162
1466
1425
1476
103.6
2400
2250
2000
2000
2000
100
2313
3154
3961
4632
4500
97.2
1132
2550
3508
4063
3434
84.5
1679
2007
2447
2904
2762
95.1
) (Compagnie Miniere d' Akouta) (Societe des Mines de l' Air) (Cameco Corporation) (Cogema Resources Inc.) (Production Assotiation "Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Complex") (WMC (Olympic Dam Corporation) Pty. Ltd.)
(Priargun Mining and Chemical Production Association) (Cameco Corporation) (Energy Resources of Australia Ltd. (ERA)) (Rossing Uranium Ltd.) : s
: [7, .13; 13, .9-10; 29, .205; 36, .13; 39; 41; 44; 62, .241; 68; 77; 78; 79; 80; 81; 82]
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
179
«
(16% 4750
420
– 0.95%.
» (13% » )
« 6.3%,
,
[10,
80 ) .
:
« » – 77 0.33%. , 0.89% [9, .20]. 2001-2002 . 136
[61] 11.5%.
Cameco «
1998 . .
), 1999 .,
.4].
»
)
( «
( » – 3038
1999 .»
,
-
11153 «
-
»
.
,
1998 . ,
( Cameco,
( , ) – 230 [41].
-
, : (
),
(
),
Cogema , , 1997 . ( ( )
, )
90% .
1998 . -
.4.3), . (1999 .)
(2001 .)
. 2000 .
[11, .23], -
5 0.59% [10, .4]. 1999 . 36.4% ,
:
,
2.3 )
(70% – 2.8%. 16% – , (63.4% (0.35-0.5%) , 7.5%
« );
»
.
Cogema Cogema
, (Cogema – 19.5 56%
»
« )
(34%
).
. ERA
100%
«
12
» 1% [12].
, Cogema .
(
)
150
,
« [66]. ERA, 1998 . 16%
« » Cogema
.4.3). 3,
30 0.25%; ,
10.6 ,
1998 .
»
[17, .62].
« 40025
»
.
: 422-0000
-
1997 . :
– 0.2% [21, .9]. 2004 ., ERA
«
180
1998 . 2000 .
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
«
»
.
1998 . 2000 . [20, .6].
, , 5%
Rio Tinto, 1998 . 1997 . (
.4.3).
68.6%
, . (« 0.03% [36, .19]. (46.4% 48
-
1998 . »
)
130
),
: [51]. (100% ,
,
« ),
.
1998 . – » -
20
0.05% [24]. WMC Ltd. – :
1997 . – »
« [85, .17]. , .
)
, 1998 . .4.3)
3.6% (
» -
(« 1999 . ,
9
,
3.9 (« ).
»
. WMC Ltd. ,
-
44 0.13% [6],
.
, 1872 , 1998 . ( 14% 1997 .), 70% (Cameco, Rio Algom International Uranium Corp.) (Cogema) [17, .62]. Rio Algom 1997 . « » ( ) . 1998 . 275 , 1997 . – 101 . , 1998 . Rio Algom 89 [35]. International Uranium Corp. ( ) 1998 . , 150 , , ( ) ( ), 1999 . [23]. , , 1998 . . , Uranium Resources Inc., « » ( ), 335 1997 . 240 – 1998 . [76, .36] 1999 . IMC Global, ( ), 1999 . . 1998 . . . , US Energy Corp. Crested Corp., , : ( ) 90 .
« .
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»
181
«
172 «
– ;
»
, (
, Cotter
),
1998 ., »
« Corp.
1999 .»
1998 .
[53, .9]. ) , » .
( ,
«
, [48].
. . USEC
4.4
, 1998 .
(
) 7.3
.
;
1998 . , , 2000 . .
: ;
1192
,
,
( 1880 [17, .56].
),
-
. ,
.
,
,
1998 . ,
1928
) [54]. 1998 .
7.5
.
1998 . 18.4 .
18.2
1997 . [22, .44],
,
,
( ) [56].
, ,
,
1997 . ( .4.5), , – 1850
1998 .
-
–
4.5
, 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2.46 24.88 1.02 0.37 2.48 0.36 3.62 1.29 0.15 0.1 0 0.34 0.1 2.02
2.87 26.47 1.07 0.47 2.48r 0.33 3.59 1.36r 0.25 0.11r 0r 0.38 0.13 2.31
3.32 26.76 1.06 0.49 2.55 0.36 3.76 1.38 0.37 0.1 0.08 0.33 0.13 2.58
3.83 28.18 1.06 0.51 2.43 0.36 3.88 1.4 0.39 0.1 0.09 0.33 0.13 2.02
3.12 26.76 0.88 0.57 2.5 0.34 3.66 1.76 0.33 0.1 0.09 0.5 0.13 1.96
98/97, %
«
182
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81.7 95 82.7 112.6 102.7 96.6 94.3 125.5 85.5 100 110.6 151.8 101.5 97
»
«
1999 .»
1994
1995 r
0.49 10.98r 0.39r 0.64r 1.48r 11.46 0 0.16 0.05 0.3 1.68 0.01 0.93 8.33 0.28 0.28 20.33 0.14r 0.06r 1.64r 0.23r 18.26 61.41
0.48 9.94 0.42 0.64 1.57 10.63 0 0.1 0.05 0.37 1.86 0.01 0.92 7.32 0.28 0.28 20.55 0.17 0 1.89 0.11 18.39 58.79
1996
1997
1998
0.49 10.54 0.37 0.61 1.55 12.15 0.05 0.22r 0.05 0.37 1.81 0.01 0.93 8.7 0.29 0.29 21 0.15 0.07 1.75 0.21 18.82 63.52
0.5 11.92 0.92 0.59 1.55 11.08 0.06 0.26 0.05 0.35 2.26 0.01 0.9 7.18 0.3 0.3 20.77 0.16 0.07 1.78 0.22 18.54 64.15
0.56 10.29 0.92 0.59 1.58 11.88 0.07 0.22 0* 0.38 2.59 0.22 0.93 7.47 0.31 0.31 20.73 0.15 0.09 1.27 0.22 19.01 62.81
98/97, % 112 86.3 100 99.7 101.9 107.2 115.8 84.2 0.8 108.3 114.6 1723.1 102.5 104 104.7 104.7 99.8 92 119.4 71.3 100.9 102.5 97.9
: * r
: [7, .65; 8, .69; 9, .15; 18, .21; 19, .30; 20, .23; 38, .139; 62, .60; 63, .64, 334; 71, .5; 73]
International Nuclear Inc.: 59 , , 7.2% ,
1998 . 6.3% [17, .56]. 1.6%, [34; 46]. -
1998 . 1998 .,
,
: 28.9
28.5
1997 . .
(U3O8),
.
(UF6), ( ) (
( 6
)
23
, 1-3
),
- (3-6
)
-
. (
The Ux Consulting Co. LLC, 1998 . 1998-2009 .) 9038 , ,9– 13 –
[17, .58].
– ,
Cameco,
1998 .
19230
,
-
31%
1997 . [9, .10].
« .
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»
183
«
1998 .
46
1999 .»
4077
.
60% 10% –
, 30% – [52, .3]. 1999 . 25
:
3077
[52, .3]. .
, [9, .10].
Cameco
10 1998 .
:
–
1997 .
53%,
–
-
67%. ,
1995-1997
.;
; Cogema
(Cameco,
Nukem)
; -
USEC [9, .10; 71]. , (
-
.4.6). 4.6 –
:
,
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
98/97, %
3385 15326 1901 2786 6807 1690r 12200 44095
3727 16404 2007r 2970r 3769 1424r 12100 42401
5424 16326 2452r 3160r 4423 1436r 17600 50821
6916 11127 2905r 3497r 6538 1100r 12200 44283
5553 9984 2762r 3731r 5807r 962s 11600 40399
80.3 89.7 95.1 106.7 88.8 87.5 95.1 ...
,
r
: [5, .3; 15, .2; 22, .10; 28, .152; 30, .484; 39; 55; 67; 70; 73]
Cameco, 14 34% [69, .11]. 11 2800 «
,
. ERA
, 14% – WMC Ltd.,
-
1998 . 13% –
,
:
»
[5, .4]. ,
: –
1998 . 28% , [22, .10]. 1997 . [42]. USEC 450 ,
. , 1.88
1998 .
13.7% -
.,
723 [56]. , .
–
. 1998 . [69, .13].
, 74%
5807
,
«
184
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»
«
1999 .»
, ,
1998 . ( .4.7).
1997 .
–
, 4.7
, 1994
1995 s
1996 s
12258 14083 26341
1997 s
14784 15884 30668
1998 s
14632 17469 32101
98/97, % s
14513 16538 31051
14963 16810 31773
103.1 101.6 ...
: s
: [22, .44; 69, .29; 73]
.
1982
1995
. ,
(
,
40
1996-1998 . 1987 . -
.4.1).
./ .
,
.
,
1998 .
32.01
./
1983
1985
38.12
.
[22, .45; 73].
./ 120 100 80 60 40
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1984
1982
1981
20
.4.1.
.
,
1998 . 28.03
31.96
38.12 ./ [33]. 1998 . 27.26 [69, .72].
./
-
./ , ./ ,
–
1998 .
– 22.75
(
./
,
21.06
./
.4.2) [83].
« .
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»
185
«
1999 .»
./ 40 35 30 25 20 15 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
1
2
3
4
5
1997
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
1
2
1998
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
1999
.4.2. 1997-1999
19.76
.
.
1999 . , ,
,
–
: – 24.96
./ .
1998 . . , » 7%,
3%
, 1997 .,
-
.« 7%),
( 2012 . –
, 30
1999 .
[59]. 263.4
. [40]. ,
34% 8%
,
Cameco, [9, .12].
1%
-
2012 . 1990 . [25]. ,
. 10 ,
(
)
. . Cogema, , . [45],
BNFL ( , ) – 2.42 . [49]. 1998 ., . [47]. Cameco – 576 . [9, .29],
1.4 :
1998 . ,
5.18 USEC, 1998 . 1998 . WMC Ltd.
«
186
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
, -
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
– 353, ERA – 201
. [60].
«
»–
-
– ,
– 13.7% [42]. ,
1997 . ,
1998 .
1.88
.,
, -
, . , ,
.
: 1.
. . 1999.
3.
2. / ., 1999.
,
"
3.
1998 ". -
:V
4.
5.
6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
: . ., 1997. Anaconda Uranium Corp. Projects 1998. http://www.inlineonline.com/anaconda/projects.html. 18.12.1999. Australia's Uranium and Who Buys It. http://www.uic.com.au/nip01.htm. 2000, February. Australia's Uranium Deposits. http://www.uic.com.au/pmine.htm#lomond. 11.09.1999. Cameco Annual Report 1996 / Cameco Corp. Saskatoon, 1997. Cameco Annual Report 1997 / Cameco Corp. Saskatoon, 1998. Cameco Annual Report 1998. http://www.cameco.com/investor/annual/PDF/ CAMECO_ANNUAL.pdf. 1999, March. Canada - Australia's Major Competitor. http://www.uic.com.au/nip03.htm. 2000, February. Cogema: Annual Report 1998. http://www.cogema.fr/connaitre_gb/pdf/rappor t.pdf. 9.07.1999. Cogema: UN Portefeuille minier diversifie. http://www.cogema.fr/dossiers_fr/portefeuille/ txt.html. 19.05.1999. Compilation of Uranium Production History and Deposits. http://www.seaus.org.au/pdfs/UranDepsList.pdf. 14.01.2000.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
23.
24.
25.
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
34.
35.
Core issues. 1996. 3. Core issues. 1997. 3. Core issues. 1997. 4. Engineering and Mining Journal. 1999. V.200, 3. ERA Annual Report 1996. Sydney, 1996. ERA Annual Report 1997. Sydney, 1997. ERA Annual Report 1998. Sydney, 1998. ERA Annual Report 1999. Sydney, 1999. Euratom Annual Report 1998. http://europa.eu.int/comm/euratom/eura98.pdf. 21.06.1999. International Uranium Corporation Announces Fiscal Year 1998 Results. http://www2.cdnnews.com/scripts/ccnrelease.pl?1999/02/23/0223021n.html. 22.01.2000. Kintyre Uranium Project 1998. http://www.canningres.com.au/2.html. 18.12.1999. Kyoto Protocol. http://www.climatchange.org/kyoto.htm. 1997, December. Metal Bulletin. 1997. 8194. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8276. Mining Annual Review. 1997. Mining Annual Review. 1999. Mining Journal. 1995. V.324, 8333. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8462. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8490. NIS is Top Supplier to EU 1998. http://www.nuke-energy.com/html/nis.html. 13.12.1999. Nuclear Energy: Consumption 1988-1998. http://www.bpamoco.com/worldenergy/nuclea r/index.htm. 25.12.1999. Rio Algom Mining Operations. http://www.rioalgom.com/smith.html. 8.11.1999. «
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187
«
36. Rio Tinto Ltd. 1998 Annual Review. http://www.riotinto.com/ok.html. 17.11.1999. 37. The French Nuclear Fuel Cycle Industry. http://www.cogema.fr/dossiers_gb/industry/txt .html. 1999. 38. The Global Nuclear Fuel Market. Supply and demand 1995-2015: Market Report / The Uranium Institute. London, 1996. 39. The Uranium Institute Core Issues 1. http://www.uilondon.org/coreissues/1999/no1/ stats/uprod.htm. 26.07.1999. 40. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.05. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9905.htm. 2.02.1999. 41. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.06. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9906.htm. 9.02.1999. 42. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.08. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9908.htm. 23.02.1999. 43. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.10. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9910.htm. 9.03.1999. 44. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.13. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9913.htm. 30.03.1999. 45. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.14. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9914.htm. 21.05.1999. 46. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.25. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9925.htm. 23.06.1999. 47. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.31. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9931.htm. 8.04.1999. 48. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.35. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9935.htm. 9.01.1999. 49. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.38. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9938.htm. 22.09.1999. 50. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.41. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9941.htm. 14.10.1999. 51. The Uranium Institute News Briefings 99.44. http://www.uilondon.org/nb/nb99/nb9944.htm. 3.11.1999. 52. The Ux Weekly. http://www.uxc.com/products/uxw13-15.pdf. 12.04.1999. 53. U.S. Energy Corp. 1998 Annual Report. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1015 94/0001028269-98-000080.txt. 15.09.1998. 54. U.S. Uranium Market. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/special/ uranmark.html. 18.12.1999. 55. UI News Briefing. http://www.uilondon.org. 1998.
1999 .»
56. UIC Newsletter #1. http://www.uic.com.au/news199.htm. 1999, February. 57. UIC Newsletter #2. http://www.uic.com.au. 1998, April. 58. UIC Newsletter #4. http://www.uic.com.au. 1998, August. 59. UIC Newsletter #4. http://www.uic.com.au/news499.htm. 1999, August. 60. UIC Newsletter #5. http://www.uic.com.au. 1998, October. 61. UIC Newsletter #6. http://www.uic.com.au/news698.htm. 1998, December. 62. Uranium 1995. Resources, production and demand / OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, International Atomik Energy Agency. Paris, 1996. 63. Uranium 1997. Resources, production and demand: Statistical update / OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, International Atomik Energy Agency. Paris, 1998. 64. Uranium and Nuclear Energy: 1997: Proceeding of the 22-nd Annual Symposium of the Uranium Institute. London, 1997. 65. Uranium Exploration in Australia. http://www.uic.com.au/explor.htm. 1999, April. 66. Uranium in 1999. The End of the RollerCoaster Ride?. http://www.uilondon.org/sym/1999/comte.htm . 23.09.1999. 67. Uranium in Canada 1998. http://www.nukeenergy.com/html/uranium_in_canada.html. 13.12.1999. 68. Uranium in Saskatchewan 1998. http://www.cameco.com/uranium/uranium_in_ sk_98/production.html. 31.12.1998. 69. Uranium Industry Annual 1998. ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/pdf/coal.nuclear/0478 98.pdf. 27.11.1999. 70. Uranium Information Centre. Melbourne, Australia. http://www.uic.com.au. 1998. 71. Uranium Markets: Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper. http://www.uic.com.au/nip36.htm. 1999, January. 72. Uranium Mine Ownership - Africa. http://www.antenna.nl/wise/uranium/uoafr.htm l. 25.11.1999. 73. Uranium Overview 1949-1998. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/energy.overview/a er98/txt/aer0903.txt. 1999. 74. Uranium Power Corporation. Uranium Exploration and Development in Saskatchewan. http://www.uraniumpower.com/prop-p.htm. 6.03.1999. «
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1999 .»
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84. Valhalla Project. http://www.summitresources.com.au/valhallaproject.htm. 23.08.1999. 85. WMC Limited Annual Report 1998. Concise. Melbourne, 1999. 86. World Distribution of Uranium Deposits: Guidebook to Accompany IAEA Map. Vienna, 1996. 87. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1995 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1995. 88. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1996 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1996. 89. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1997 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1997. 90. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1998 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1998. 91. World Uranium Production and Nuclear Share. http://www.uilondon.org/uprod94.htm. 18.05.1998.
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189
«
1999 .»
848 , 14.8% –
, 9.4% –
95 . (38.4% – , 5.9% –
1999 . , 31.5% –
-
). .
40.4% (
1998 . [47, .161] ). , 800 [30, .44, 50; 84, .89].
576
-
, .
1,
2
– 105 [34, .13, 30; 35, .49].
140.9 – 30.5
3
, 95 10
,
,
;
,
– 5.4 707 . , 597.2
,
.
1999 .
.
10 , ,
, -
, 84.5%
. 95 52.8%
(
.
.5.1). 5.1 1.01.1999 . ( (%)
)
, %
.
, %
14.5 14.7 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 1.1 1 0 0.5 0
29222 28769 170 80 8 250 1920 920 60 500 40
18.6 18.3 0.1 0.1 0 0.2 1.2 0.6 0 0.3 0
. . 113210 76662 350 270 40 340 3137 2980 110 1450 120
43094 43849 350 270 40 340 3137 2980 110 1450 120
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36 ... 32 45 ... 31 26 28 45 45 44
»
191
«
1999 .»
. . 300 1740 800 700 100 50000 275 2200 10000r 1750 120159 428 700 25000r 457 3600 672 29000 50000 3300 200 500 500 225 745 930 750 500 67 1380 990 215 50049 5370 2075 442 1000 1950 1950 4460 2170 1500r 500 400 438 1220 1410 3310 1600 2000 2500 1350 415 815 358 765 1440
.
300 1740 800 700 100 19387 275 2200 7800 1750 37371 428 700 6200 457 3600 672 6012 9000 3300 200 500 500 225 745 930 750 500 67 1380 990 215 46299 5370 2075 442 1000 1950 1950 4460 2170 950 500 400 438 1220 1410 3310 1600 2000 1500 1350 415 815 358 765 1440
, %
.
, %
0.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0 6.5 0.1 0.7 2.6 0.6 12.5 0.1 0.2 2.1 0.2 1.2 0.2 2 3 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0.5 0.3 0.1 15.5 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.5
200 550 300 350 70 16836 175 2200 3500 640 22816 111 530 2800 85 1950 ... 4153 9000 1000 177 200 ... 120 465 221 450 265 48 650 590 1 19343 1535 1000 250 60 1410 924 2100 50 410 281 150 160 240 729 1400 900 1800 700 1025 ... 431 140 48 400
0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0 10.7 0.1 1.4 2.2 0.4 14.5 0.1 0.3 1.8 0.1 1.2 ... 2.6 5.7 0.6 0.1 0.1 ... 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0 0.4 0.4 0 12.3 1 0.6 0.2 0 0.9 0.6 1.3 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 ... 0.3 0.1 0 0.3 «
192
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24 33 30 37 36 35 30 41 53 38 ... 58 59 61 59 56 ... 39 33 39 35 60 ... 58 55 42 42 34 47 46 50 26 ... 49 47 49 45 64 40 57 47 43 58 64 55 40 45 44 67 50 50 55 ... 58 50 49 43 »
«
1999 .»
. .
.
1200 620 186 1300 400 200 1123 334 642 106 4500r 266846 1196 1100 100000 7000r 970 2000 30000r 550 400 3000 2000r 400 5000r 230 110000 3000r 80181 80000r 1 180 707107
1200 620 186 1300 400 200 1123 334 642 106 2300 86056 1196 1100 17000 4500 970 2000 26000 550 400 3000 800 400 3120 230 23000 1790 41240 40000 1060 180 297909
, %
.
, %
0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0 0.8 28.9 0.4 0.4 5.7 1.5 0.3 0.7 8.7 0.2 0.1 1 0.3 0.1 1 0.1 7.7 0.6 13.8 13.4 0.4 0.1 100
200 116 20 893 300 40 400 78 95 58 1000 38679 359 700 7600 2000 ... 545 12000 142 20 2600 650 50 1428 55 10000 530 18428 18000 410 18 157257
0.1 0.1 0 0.6 0.2 0 0.3 0 0.1 0 0.6 24.6 0.2 0.4 4.8 1.3 ... 0.3 7.6 0.1 0 1.7 0.4 0 0.9 0 6.4 0.3 11.7 11.4 0.3 0 100
50 36 62 58 42 60 60 49 52 56 62 ... 45 56 58 60 ... 34 40 48 55 42 48 35 54 57 24 53 ... 64 16 40 ...
: r
: [30, .44, 50; 34, .13; 35, .18; 45, .72; 47, .161-163; 84, .89, 161-162]
1998 . 4361 ,
1.5%, ,
1997 . – 8.1%,
15610
[84].
,
,
, ,
,
2.8 ,
,
, , 71.9% (113.1
10
:
,
,
-
. ).
71%
-
. . ,
,
,
,
,
, (
. 26%
)
. ,
,
,
-
,
,
-
. 11.4%
,
,
,
,
,
.
8.2%.
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»
193
«
7.3% ,
,
1999 .»
-
. ,
57.5%
,
,
.
. , ,
-
6.5%
,
.
,
, [47, .163-164]
50.3%
. .
192
, 187
.
7.6 . 45.7
,
172 – ,
. 60-65%
,
13.4%.
, (80.7%),
( 3.3
),
-
(5.9%)
. 1.01.1998 . 56.6
,
2
– 43.8
:
1
.
– -
.5.2. (
). , 64.2%
. 67%,
–
70%
.
,
-
,
.
53.0-56.5%. 53
18
[47, .165]. 29; . . -
,
11
,
58.1%, 33.3%.
– ,
.
,
-
, . [41, .6].
25% –
-
75% -
. (
50-58%)
.
,
,
2.6 ,
.
6
.
37%
61%.
50% -
, ,
3.5
.
– .
37%. 27%;
31.5% -
[47, .165]. (0.9–2
)
-
. 35%
.
,
, «
194
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
8%
, [46, .153; 47, .165]. ,
, .
1200
,
15
100
(
60
).
. –
50%
61%, , 10 .
–
0.29%
-
7.64%. 130
,
,
,
31.4–37%. [30, .47-48].
, ,
«
».
-
(
), 7 45%,
. 30%;
,
,
69.4% (
),
-
45-55%. , (
«
-
»).
. ;
35
. .
18
60%
32
–
44-54%.
[30, .49-50; 47, .166].
100
1939 (10-100 :
), 489 – –
, ),
– 32%
99 – .
. 48 [47, .166; 101, .332].
100
, ,
90%
. ,
, –
(
1700
,
50%
.
, 50-60%.
.
31-34%, –
. 11%
. [30, .54; 85, .1-109].
-
-
(
) ,
)
–
,
,
,
,
,
( .
-
, .
–
.
. – 51-53%,
– 34%.
10%
. , .
–
-
–
.
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
,
.
30-55%. ,
– .
,
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
195
«
1999 .»
«
196
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
197
«
5
1999 .»
55.7% –
, . -
,
.
1.5 –5 ,
.
– 39.5%. ,
,
(3.4 )– [35, .18; 47, .167].
.
, .
. 60%,
– 65%.
1 .
35
:
.
– 60%. 140 12-18
. .
.
. . 6
.
20%,
– 55-60%, – 3%.
– 8-
, ,
,
. ,
27%
50%.
[31, .41-42; 59] . ,
-
2000 , .
– 51%. [47, .167].
.
.
-
. .
1998 .
1
, , V
,
. [34, .53].
.
,
-
. «
» 1
1
– 8779
2.
.
( .
)
. 10
1
; – 1072.64
.
, [34, .81]. «
198
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
.
. , , – 49213.5
1
-2
-3.
.
, ,
273
2. 1,
2
. -
, 1694 –
279
«
-
» . , ,
-
. [34, .119]. ,
-
. .
,
.
. . [34, .193, 199, 251].
20 Hamersley Iron
, ,
( 300
60.3%.
: «
–
».
600 62%.
Prospecting Pty. Ltd.
Iscor . Orissa Mining Corp. Hamersley Iron) . 1997 .
Rio Tinto (
300
-
).
Iscor
Hancock – 40% [66, .65].
-
. ;
1.4 , Honkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. 240 .
. ,
-
[60, .84].
1998 .
50
.
.
-
. . 60% .
70%
2.9%.
-
. -
70% . 1998 . (930.8
9/10
1997 . ) «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
199
«
11
: – 6.2%, 1998 .
– 20.6%, – 4.9%, 1997 . ,
– 19.1%, – 3.8%, –
1999 .»
– 15%, – 3.2%,
– 7.3%, – 2%,
;
– 7.1%, – 1.8%.
–
.5.3). 5.3 ,
.
-
.
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
73.3 84.13 1.64 0.47 ... 0* 0.1 1.3r 2.09 0.02 2.46 0.01 0.95 ...
78.3 84.16 2.11 0.45 ... 0* ... 1.3r 1.98 1 2.17 ... 0.87 ...
72.1 81.56 2.11r 0.77r ... ... ... 1.3r 1.27 1 1.55 ... 1.1r ...
70.9 84.12 2.11r 0.86 ... ... ... 1.3r 1.27r 1 0.71 ... ... ...
72.34 79.1 1.6 0.45 0.15 0* 0.2 1.3r 0.05 0.01 1.6 0.02 0.65 0.1
1.02 51.5 0.2 2.42 ... 0.04 19.91 341.04 0.03 58 0.33 6.24 10.5 250.56 9 0.19 0.24 0.02r 0.14 5.77 0* 49.33 2.05 3.87 0* 10.44 0.07 0.35r 0.24 32.32 305.32 0.07 167.9
0.45 50.7 0.2 1.5 ... 0.03 21.4 346.45 0.01 60.7 0.35 9.08 14.9 245 11 0.18 0.2 0.02r 0.04 4.96 0* 48.59 2.2 2.43 0.31 11.51 0.04 ... 0.15 31.95 318.43 0* 175
0.44 47.5 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.03 21.29 356.69 0* 66.6 0.4 9.85 13 249.5 11 0.2r 0.33 0.02r 0.09 5.7r ... 47.36 2.25 2.4r 0.32 11.4 0.04r ... 0.15r 30.8 317.7 ... 179.9
0.45 53 0.2r 1.3r ... 0.03 21.89 360.08 ... 69 0.4r 12.75 12.6 250 10 0.2r 0.27 0.02r 0.04 4.8 ... 47.23 2.25r 2.4r 0* 11.7 0.04r ... 0.15r 30.69 331.37 ... 188
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
102 94 75.8 52.4 ... ... ... 100 4.1 1.5 225.4 ... ... ...
0.8 176.7 50.66 95.6 0.25 123 0.3 23.1 ... ... 0.03 92.9 20.93 95.6 324.16 90 ... ... 75 108.7 0.35 86.3 12.8 100.4 8.69 69 210 84 10 100 0.33 164 0.38 141.3 0.02r 100 0.09 206.8 6.5 135.4 0* ... 49.7 105.2 2 88.9 2.7 112.5 0.37 74400 11.4 97.4 0.01 15 0.05 ... 0.22 146.7 32.95 107.4 341.83 103.2 ... ... 195.31 103.9
«
200
98/97, %
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
.
1994
1995
1996
18.32 ... 36.57 0.61 8.36 6.94 58.22 8.34 130.57 128.49 2.08 983.7
19.48 ... 37.96 0.73 8.52 5.8 62.5 8.43 145.24 142.94 2.3 1021.17
1997
1998
20.84 18.7 ... ... 36.8 37.3 0.07r 0.07r 6.11 11.2 2.88 5 62.6 63 8.5r 8.1 149.5 159.4 147.2 157.1 2.3r 2.3r 1024.91 1053.11
98/97, %
19.93 0* 38.88 0.67 10.56 4.44 62.93 9.11 155.46 153.46 2 1022.58
106.6 ... 104.2 957.1 94.3 88.8 99.9 112.5 97.5 97.7 87 97.1
: * r
: [39; 53; 54; 60, .99; 64, .24, 39, 43; 80, .49; 81, .51; 82, .50; 90; 91, .190; 92, .79, 89, 92, 127, 129, 139, 151, 158159, 163, 188, 195-196, 203-204, 237; 93, .13, 16-18, 30; 94, .2, 45; 95, .55; 96, .3; 97, .15, 27; 100, .9, 28, 36, 46, 57; 106, .115; 107, .112]
100 100
,
. 17
33%.
,
50%
. 1000
50
1
[47, .169].
: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), Mineracao Brasileiras Reunidas (MBR), Ferteco, Samarco Mineracao, Samitri Companhia Siderurgica Nacional (CSN). 85% . – CVRD MBR. CVRD 20 . 1998 . 81.8 . 46.6 . ( ) 1999 . 56 , 2005 . – 65 . , 4E 4W), . 5. 52 . 2.5 3.7 . 6 . . 2001 . – 350 . . CVRD , , , . 461 24 . 243 . . 1998 . Kobrasco, CVRD Pohang Iron and Steel Co. (Posco), 4 . , CVRD 1999 . 2 1
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
201
«
, [52, .6; 66, .65; 87; 105, .482]. MBR 32 . 8.5 9 . 2006 ., , 2020 . 2001-2003 . .
1999 .»
-
, ,
, ,
[62, .105; 66, .67;
105, .482]. Ferteco 90 20
1998 .
, .
25
,
.
200
.
(
CVRD) Ferteco
,
CVRD. 800
,
-
,
.
,
10 .
– 3.9 . [66, .66] [23, .15; 50,
, .167; 52, .5; 87]. Samarco 6
12
1999 .
.
250 8.5
.
1999 . 9.4
1998 . [23, .15; 51,
.167; 62, .105; 87]. : BHP, Hamersley Iron , ),
Robe River Iron Associates. BHP -18 ( -23, -25 -29, , 63 BHP 4 5
1998 . -18,
,
. .
;
:
-
. 4.5
6 .
,
« » 15 6 Hamersley Iron , . 1998 .
-2,
BHP
-
.
-2
2 [61, .65; 87].
,
, ,
52
-
2,
-
;
2 4
9
.
.
. ,
«
202
, .
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
-
«
1999 .»
15
.
Robe River Iron Associates
.
, .
1998 .
[87; 104,
27
.453]. Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL), , , 1998 . National Mineral Development Corp. (NMDC)
.
-
23.7 15.5
,
. ,
2002 .
119
.
2006 . – 125
,
,
,
NMDC 5
189 3
.
65%.
,
–
7
30-35
-
,
.
-
. 18
.
Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. ,
,
-
,
19.3
. [103, .138]. Industrial Development Corp. of India 110 34-36%; –6 ( 150 .). 66-67% . 3 1 . 3 . 11% [74, .26]. SAIL, Indian Railways
83.5
, ,
750
NMDC -
[87].
55%
, 17.9% – , 18.7% –
1.8% –
, 6.6% .
1998 .
92.4%
-
.
29.62%. 19.1% 38.8
;
1998 .
. « ,
» .
.
, XV
.
. (65.6% 1998 .
)
3541 « ,
, 70% . (72% ). – 5% , 1997 . » [58, .6]. , , . 1997 . – .
. .
«
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
203
«
«
».
1999 .»
Cruoible Magnettos, , «
»
. , Fe2O3
-
93-95%. -
[32, .20]. «
»
,
11-29%
. .
:
(63%
),
2860
–
)«
5.5%
. 1998 . 1997 . [58, .6].
,
»; 12% « . 5.3%
«
-
[34, .58].
» 1998 . 1997 . [58, .6].
,
7390 –
»,
6 ± 0.2% «
»(
4.9%
– . , «
. )
66% 1995-1996 . 1997 . », 38% 52.8%
1998 . ,
16021
4.5
-
), . [33, .20; 34, .59]. (93.2
50% ). (
5.2%
-
.
800
.
,
1 1999 .
-
, -
,
«
»;
[34, .85; 58, .6]. .
9237
, ,
,
»,
. 12918 26.8%
),
( , 1997 . , [34, .87; 58, .6]. 21.3%
,
45.3
, ,
«
1998 . 1997 . 38%. , « [34, .85; 58, .6]. . 1998 . , »; .
1998 .
. «
».
78% , 6584 , -
; . 2.3%
. 1998 .
. [34, .122; 58, .6].
«
204
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
, .
1998 .
2.6
,
. [34, .133]. .
,
1998 .
2.3
5.7% -
, –
,
5.0%
. .
. (
). ,
2.9%
– , 1.7
1.3
1998 .
; )
«
, 0.8 ,
: (
-
,
»–
3.8% [34, .136]. , -
50-70% . [47, .173]. 1.5%
1998 . ).
(4.5
-
, , .
1998 .
).
– ( ,
, 55%
. 2591
.
[34, .196]. 5.3%
1998 . (12.8
2.5
29.5%
-
),
1998 . 1997 .
, .
–
1998 . 1.2–1.7 0.58 0.89 . [34, .202-203; 58, .6]. 1998 . 15 20 . 10
, 12
.
1998 . [65, .7]. ,
. 10 –
.
62 , , [87].
US Steel. ;
63.8%. 1998 . 14.9 . 20.5%, – 28.7% [49, .9; 66, .65]. Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.
15.5
, -
. 66.3%; 7.7
.
– 8.1
;
1998 .
, ,
65.27%. 7.7
1998 . ,
8.1 ; LTV Steel Co.,
. ,
( 1997 . – 8.9
, ). «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
205
«
1999 .»
, . 1998 . 25%,
4.8
4.3 . – 65.1%. – 33.3%. , 70% National Steel )
; – 63.3%,
(1%), [52, .9; 66, .65; 87].
30%
65.9%,
1999 .
5.4
[52, .9; 66, .65]. EVTAC Mining LLC ( ); 1998 . 5.5 . [52, .9; 66, .65; 87]. Inland Steel Co.
,
-
1998 .
5.1 65.1%.
(
, -
).
– 32%. 2.8
2.7
-
1998 .
68%.
– 25%,
-
; ,
.
1998 .
-
[52, .9; 87]. ,
7.1
;
1998 .
, Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. . 4.7 .
1999 .
7.9
.
61.5%, – 26-27%, ,
, 36%
«CD3»,
– 61.35%. – 36%,
43%.
–
«CD3». ;
8.5 . Inland Steel
1998 . , -
,
.
–
59.6%, 60.9%
65.1%
[52, .9; 87].
.
Auburn Minerales LLC . 1998 . ,
, 0.5
754 . – 56.53% [52, .12]. . .
58.77%, 26% 300 , 7
( ): ) – 5.8;
( (
) – 7.75,
– 6.5,
( (
».
1000 . ), 1998 . ( ) – 10.6, -
),
,
( 1998 . – 20 [63, .211; 102, .26].
. Canada (IOC), Quebec Cartier Mining Co. (QCM)
Wabush Mines Canadian.
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
);
: Iron Ore Co. f «
206
-
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
, 1999 . Iron Ore Co of Canada (IOC) – , North Ltd., , . 12 . . 1999 . 10 [23, .15]. , IOC
– , 1999 .
-
6 , 165.75
,
. 1982 .
. 2001 . 4.5 2003 . – 17
, .
IOC
2001 .
12
,
. QCM
1999 .
. 1998 .
7.5 , Wabush Mines
1999 . 8.5 ,
-
. -
. 1999 . 6 [51, .135; 52, .4; 66, .67; 87]. Iscor 1998 . , , 28
2.9 ,
1999 .
5.5
-
26.9 ;
, -
. 32
,
–
. 17
20
[60, .58; 66, .67; 87; 98, .37].
Associated Manganese Mines of South Africa (Assmang), , . – , – 4.5 . 1999 . – 140 ( 24.5 .). 1998 . 5.1 [87; 98, .37]. 1998 . LKAB 21.8 , 1 , 1997 . 10.9 . 1045 – 11.1 . 775 , , . 11.9 (900 11 – ). 700 ( 87 .). 1000 810 . 1000 2000 ., 12 [64, .48]. , 40 , LKAB 140 . 9 209 [87]. 1999 . LKAB , – , . , 1999 . , « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
207
«
.
,
1999 .»
95%,
,
. (3.8
)
(4.5 50% [23, .15].
. 65%,
)
-
80%
(3.8
)–
.
-
CVQ Ferrominerra del Orinoco, , .
,
(
)
[46; 99,
.442]. FMO 330
Kvaerner Metals 7
. 1999 .,
.
-
– 2002 . [51, .135]. ( 15-16
).
-
. . ,
, ,
,
,
,
[63,
.26]. [64, .26]. (
)
,
.
–
-
, .
-
, ,
.
. Midrex Corp., 2000 . 45 , 2005 . – 60-65 . 1998 . 8.2% , 1997 . 12 , , 1998 . 32850 , 87.6% , – 14.9%, – 14.6%, – 13.2%, – 11.7%, – 5.6%, – 4.6%, – 4.5%, – 4.1%, – 4%, – 3.7%, – 3.4%, – 3.2% ( .5.4). Midrex Corp. – , 1998 . 56.2 , 89.2% [16, .14]. 1999 . ( ): BHP) – 2.5, (Posven) – 1.5, (Ispat) – 1.4, (Hadeed) – 1.1, ( ) – 0.9, (Saldanha Steel) – 0.8 [105, .482]. 1998 . Comsigua « » 1 . 270 . [51, .135]. Iron Dynamics ( Steel Dynamics) (500 -
«
208
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
)
1999 .
, –
-
, [49, .148].
5.4 ,
. .
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1269 218 4803 281 774 2915 1618 2861 770 600 ... 852 989 3216 13 40 ... 1706 2111 484 912 109 935 27476
1328 288 5099 410 850 4197 1709 3301 1000 622 ... 963 1178 3670 20 20 ... 1680 2129 460 1077 124 913 31038
1422 335 5360 450 850 4200 1700 3778 1417 635 ... 860 1200 3860 20 20 ... 1600 2296 460 1000 120 900 32483
1500 320 5360 470 1190 5250 1600 4380 1390 570 70 990 1720 4540 40 0 120 1730 2110 510 1240 160r 1090 36350
1500 320 4926 360 1200 5500 1400 4400 1240 706 ... 1000 1700 5584 40 ... 20 1550 2110 1740 1073 ... 1100 37469
98/97, % 100 100 91.9 76.6 100.8 104.8 87.5 100.5 89.2 123.9 ... 101 98.8 123 100 ... 16.7 89.6 100 341.2 86.5 ... 100.9 103.1
: r
: [9, .11; 11, .14; 68, .23; 88]
. Shougang Hierro Peru
1999 . .
100
-
, 3
.
.
-
. ,
,
Libyan Iron & Steel 3. 1.75 .
[48, .135]. 1997 . 2
1
300
-
(90%)
-
[77, .3]. Kobe Steel 500 « .
Lurgi »
Sonasid. [50, .167]. Midrex Qatar Hot Briquetted Iron Co. 2 30 .
– 300-
-
2000 . [50, .165].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
209
«
1999 .»
BHP , ,
, 2002 . [61, .142; 78, .20].
. 1998 .
-
Posco. 2.5 1997 . (
.5.5). 5.5
, 1994
.
-
1995
1996
1997
1998
36.5 139.78 3.32 ... 8.99 1.42 ... 11.94 1.59 29.92 ... 5.45 11.19 1.93 ... 5.55 ... 6.8 0.42 3.5 ...
39.8 138.86 3.88r ... 9.21r 1.6r ... 12.24r 1.52r 30.04r ... 5.13r 11.68r 1.03r ... 5.54r ... 7.42r 0.42r 4.2r ...
37.1 131.15 3.44r ... 8.63r 1.49r ... 12.87r 1.48r 27.72r ... 4.21r 10.34r 0.83r ... 5.55r ... 6.52r 0.42r 3.98r ...
37.3 147.17 3.97 ... 8.08 1.59 ... 12.98 1.14 30.94 5.2 4 11.28 0.44 ... 5.81 0.07 7.38 0.43 4.49 ...
34.83 140.16 4.02 0.01 8.73 1.5 0.1 12.57 1.2 30.22 ... 4.28 10.7 ... 0.02 5.56 0.07 7 0.36 4 0.98
93.4 95.2 101.4 ... 108.1 94.3 ... 96.8 105.3 97.7 ... 107 94.9 ... ... 95.7 100 94.8 84.9 89.2 ...
3.3 20.2 2.6 13.3r 5.27 0.07r 3.04 ... 223.41 ... 17.3 1.88 2.4 95 6r 21.17 ... ... 1.25 0.03 4.6 73.78 7.06 0.9r 0.11 ...
3.21 18 2.24r 13.15r 5.27r 0.07r 3.02r ... 238.51 ... 19.03r 1.53r 2.5 101.71r 5r 22.34r ... ... 1.04 6.06r 4.4r 74.91r 9.14 0.94r 1.06r ...
2.9 17.8 2.46r 12.4r 4.9r 0.07r 3.13r ... 244.47 ... 19.86r 1.87r 2.5 105.3r 5r 23.01r ... ... 1 6.05r 5.28r 74.6r 7.76 0.8r 1.05r ...
3.07 20.57 2.79 13.72 5.2 0.08 3.06 0.91 256.09 0.06 19.96 2.15 3.02 113.76 0.5 22.71 0.16 ... 0.9 8.84 5.51 78.52 8.25 0.53 1.27 0.22
3 20.84 2.91 13.6 5 0.1 3.37 ... 264.27 ... 21 2.1 2.59 118.6 6.6 23.09 ... 0* 1.5 8.8 5 74.98 8.04 0.7 1 0.21
97.7 101.3 104.6 99.2 96.2 125 110.2 ... 103.2 ... 105.2 97.7 85.9 104.3 1320 101.7 ... ... 166.7 99.6 90.7 95.5 97.5 132.1 78.7 97.2
«
210
.
98/97, %
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1994
.
1995
... ... 6.05 97.52 2.66 25.4 3.82 8.11 0.24 6.72 0.09 0.21 49.38 0.89 7.47 7.47 ... 511.74
1996
... ... 7.14r 95.58 1.57r 25.09r 4r 8.46r 0.24r 4.13r 0.09r 0.2r 50.9r 0.9r 7.48 7.48r ... 529.37
... ... 5.91r 93.5 1.97r 24.12r 4r 8.6r ... 4.26r 0.09r 0.2r 49.37r 0.9r 7.38 7.38r ... 521.36
1997
1998
98/97, %
... 0.15 6.09 91.23 2.04 24.9 ... 8.58 0.33 4.42 0.08 0.26 49.65 0.97 8.22 7.69 0.53 548.27
0.01 0.12 6 90.19 2 25 ... 9.14 0.2 4.53 0.1 0.15 48.2 0.87 8.22 7.72 0.5 545.71
... 78.7 98.6 98.9 98 100.4 ... 106.5 59.1 102.5 125 57.7 97.1 89.7 100.1 100.5 93.6 99.5
: * r
: [4, .14; 7, .14; 39; 49, .22; 50, .187; 53; 88; 92, .123; 106, .121]
558
645
, 86 – –
(VDEh), : 166 – (
, 58 – ,
54 – , 14 –
,
,7–
.
96
Information and Standardization Institute) 4287 , 45
(China Metallurgical 4567 , [48, .12]. , 2015 . . [52, .4]. . 1998 .
1995 . 100
– , 1.1
–
1993 . [17, .14]. ; 90%, – 70%, 1998 . ( .5.6).
– 81%, 2.5% –
), 50 ,
.
25.
4
, 123 –
94%, , – 91%, – 89%, – 70% 86% [48, .12]. 1997 . (
– 49%; , – 88%, )
.
, -
, – . ,
,
. ,
. 2000 .
, ,
40%, [44, .46].
, VOEST«
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
211
«
Alpine, 1992-2000 . 45%, – 23% ; , 2000 .
1999 .»
37% 35%.
1995 . 10
,
40-50%, 6.7 2005 . – 15
– 31% . 5.6
,
.
-
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
48.76 212.2 4.4 0.02 0.88 11.32 2.49 0.1 17.29 1.94 40.83 0.89 0.72 0.32 13.55 26.14 0.33 3.78 0.09 0.45 6.17 0.45 11.06 0.72 5.75 ...
51.6 216.96 5 0.02 0.74 11.8 2.7 0.12 17.6 1.9 42.1 0.94 0.65 0.31 13.8 27.8 0.35 2.6 0.3 0.3 6.4 0.45 11.9 0.82 6.6 ...
49.3 205.37 4.6r 0.02 0.89 10.8r 2.4r 0.12 18.2r 1.8r 39.8r 0.89 0.72 0.34 12.3r 24.4r 0.35r 2.5r 0.27 0.2 6.2r 0.5 10.3r 0.85 6.2r ...
48.21 223.05 5.15 0.02r 1.15 10.8 2.6 0.12r 18.7 1.69 45.25 0.99 0.79 0.33 13.83 25.64 0.3 2.58 0.09r 0.26r 6.62 0.58 11.6 0.88 6.64 ...
43.82 222.4 5.3 0.01 1.3 11.62 2.5 0.12 17.07 1.9 44.02 1.11 0.82 0.36 14.4 25.53 0.45 2.48 0.03 0.72 6.38 0.5 11.5 0.85 6.5 1.1
90.9 99.7 102.8 75 113 107.6 96.3 100 91.3 112.4 97.3 112 104.3 108.5 104.1 99.6 150 96.2 33.3 281.6 96.4 86.2 99.1 97.3 97.9 ...
3.79 0.42 24.1 3.42 18.03 0.06 6.77 0.8 4.95 0.14 292.21 0.04 0.03 0.3 0.35 0.12 0.18 18.23 3.22 0.03 0.3 4.5r 2.97
3.9 0.45r 22.31 3.2 18.1 0.45 7.2 1 5 0.15r 306.78 0.02 0.04 0.32 0.35 0.09 0.2 20.77 4.1 0.03 0.3 4.7 3.03
3.6r 0.31 22.33 3.3r 17.6r 0.5 6.5r 1 4.9r 0.68 316.89 0.03 0.04 0.32 0.35 0.08 0.2 21.8 4.3 0.03 0.3 5.4r 3.22
3.86 0.38 25.24 3.39 19.79 0.05 6.6 1r 5.15 1.02 341.45 0.03r 0.04r 0.33r 0.35r 0.1 0.2r 23.75 3.45r 0.03r 0.3r 6.34 3.82
3 0.4 24.09 3.95 20.24 0.07 6.5 1 5.57 1.03 327.85 0.02 0.04 0.32 0.35 0.1 0.2 18.55 3.33 ... 0.3 6.3 3.12
77.8 106.7 95.4 116.4 102.3 140 98.5 100 108.1 101.1 96 96 97.2 97 100 100 101.5 78.1 96.5 ... 100 99.4 81.7
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98/97, %
»
«
1999 .»
1994
.
.
.
.
1995
0.57 0* 91.53 6.5r 33.8 1.9r 0.02 0.34 2.4 0.5r 0.07 0* 1.39 11.59 0* 12.04 0.36 0.6r 0.03 98.29 13.08 0.81 0.01r 2.62 0.19 0.02 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.18 0.01 8.3 150.82 3.27 25.75 3.41 ... 13.84 0.7 0.12 10.17 0.09 0.48 0.04 91.2 0.63 0.04 1.04 0.03 9.23 8.46 0.77 726.3
0.6 0* 94 6 36.8 2.45 0.02 0.41 2.45 0.5r 0.07 0* 2.13 11.6 0* 13.2 0.37 0.6r 0.03 101.6 13.27 0.8r 0.01r 2.6 0.2r 0.02 0.9r 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.18r 0.01 8.5 157.11 3.6 25.1 3.6 ... 14.3 0.7r 0.12r 12.1 0.1 0.51 0.01 95.2 0.74 0.04r 0.97 0.04 9.3 8.5 0.8r 755.02
1996 0.62 0* 100.4r 6 39r 3.22 0.03 0.42 2.7 0.5r 0.07 0* 2.14 12.65 0* 13.2r 0.47 0.6r 0.03 98.8r 12.67 0.6 0.01 2.7r 0.21 0.02 0.9 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.19 0.01 8r 159.94 4.1r 25.3r 3.7r ... 14.7 0.68 0.23 13.2r 0.1 0.58 0.04 95.4 0.67 0.04 1.18 0.04 9.1 8.3r 0.8 753.27
1997
1998 r
0.62 ... 107.31 8.1r 42.18 3.2r 0.03r 0.45r 2.54r 0.5r 0.07r ... 2.1r 15.88 ... 14.16 0.36 0.5r 0.03r 104.7 13.33 0.71 0.01r 2.67 0.21r 0.02r 0.9r 0.01r 0.01r ... 0.2r 0.01r 8.59 166.57 4.22 26.2 3.88 ... 15.4 0.71r 0.34r 14.1 0.1r 0.51r 0.04r 99.2 0.74r 0.04r 1.05r 0.04r 9.53 8.77 0.76 802.13
98/97, %
0.63 ... 114.35 8 39.9 1.85 0.02 0.48 2.55 0.5 0.07 0* 2.1 16.9 ... 13 0.34 0.95 0.03 93.55 13.02 0.4 0.01 2.7 0.25 0.03 0.9 0.01 0.01 ... 0.21 0.01 8.5 165.13 4.15 25.1 3.7 0.04 15.8 0.7 0.28 14.1 0.06 0.51 0.05 98.6 0.78 0.05 1.17 0.04 9.5 8.8 0.7 781.71
101.5 ... 106.6 98.8 94.6 57.8 96 106.7 100.4 100 100 ... 100 106.4 ... 91.8 95.6 190 100 89.3 97.6 55.9 100 101 119 125 100.3 100 100 ... 107.7 100 99 99.1 98.3 95.8 95.3 ... 102.6 98.6 83 100 58.9 100 102.2 99.4 106.1 130 111.4 114.3 99.7 100.3 92.6 97.5
: * r
: [1, .14; 6, .14; 53; 56, .13; 58, .19; 67, .28; 72, .20; 82, .52-53; 83, .87; 86; 88; 106, .123; 107, .119]
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. 120
8 , ,( ): – 9.86, – 8.45, – 8.02, – 6.10, Shanghai Metallurgical Holding Co. – 6.03, – 3.80, – 3.38, – 3.08. 4 2.43 2.92 [15, .14]. 1998 . – Shanghai Baosteel Corp. Baoshan Iron and Steel Corp., Shanghai Metallurgical Holding Co. Meishan Co. 20 [51, .143]. 1997-1998 . 50 , 5 1.82 . 1999 . 20 , 10%. 2000 . [51, .143; 61, .152; 75, .21]. , . 64% . 79 . 1998 . ( ): US Steel – 10.17, Bethlehem Steel Corp. – 9.24, Nucor – 8.75, LTV Steel – 7.38, National Steel – 5.52, AK Steel – 4.13. 2.52 1.91 . , – LTV – 9% National Steel – 7%, – 2% [15, .14]. : (55.3% ) (44.7%) [65, .7]. 9 , 1998 . ( ): Nippon Steel Corp. – 24.07 ( Posco ), NKK – 10.54, Kawasaki Steel Corp. – 9.74, Sumitomo Metal Indastries – 9.33, Kobe Steel – 5.54, Tokyo Steel – 3.59, Nisshin Steel – 3.40; 2 . 1998 . 9% [15, .14]. 1998 . ( ): Thyssen Krupp Stahl – 14.80, HKM – 4.60 Saarstahl – 2.55 [15, .14; 75, .21]. 1998 . . , 1995-1997 . , , 1998 . 1997 . , , 9.1% 6.6%. , 69%, – 63%. 1990–1998 . 11 , 66 5 . 1998 . 51%. 45% – [43, .11]. 23 , ( ; – 1998 . 1997 .): « » – 8.51 ( 4.5%), – 7.70 ( 2.5%), – 6.59 ( 11.0%), – 3.40 ( 5.5%), » – 2.66 ( 17.5%), – 2.8 ( 31.1%), « » – 2.62 ( 5%), – 1.97 ( 38.1%). ) .
1
. 50
1998 .
; ,
1998 .
1997 .
9
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214
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«
1999 .»
1996 .,
1998 .
7
9
. «
» 1997 .
100
-
, 200
.
131 )
.(
, (
-
)
. .
6001999 .
,
26%
. ,
10-15%.
58%
[57, .37]. (
)
Hermes . 1 1, 1.2
-2000 ( (600
60
.)
). 400
.
-
100
.
2005 . 10
. [57, .36].
1997 . 1.25
-
6
-
. . [57, .36]. «
»
-
. .
, [57, .38].
30% -
,
2
3 [57, .37].
3. [57, .37]. , Mannesman Demag. (130
216
-
.). -2800
1.1
. 30%
«
»
[57, .38]. (
)
1999 . 5,
1719
.
,
-
Mitsui . –
.
,
.
-
,
200 «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
-
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
.
, »
215
«
,
1999 .»
,
.
-
[76, .29]. 80% . 1998 . ( ): Pohang Iron and Steel Co. (Posco) – 25.57 , Inchon Steel – 3.44, Dongkuk Steel – 2.70, Kangwon Industries – 2.16. , Dongkuk Steel, 1998 . , 50%) – Hanbo Iron and Steel – 1.34 . Posco 3.3% [15, .14]. 34 . – Riva Group, 1998 . 13.31 , 9% , 1997 ., Luccihni, 3 [47, .186]. 22 . 1998 . 2 ( ): Companhia Siderurgica Nacional (CSN) – 4.71, Usiminas Siderurgicas de Minas Gerais S.A. – 4.02, Companhia Siderurgica de Tubarao (CST) – 3.82, Gerdau – 3.66, Companhia Siderurgica Paulista (Cosipa) – 3.52 Acominas – 2.33. CST 390 . : 3.4 4.5 . . 1992 . ( ) [50, .165]. . 1994 . 2002 . 14 . 2002 . 35.5 [73, .20]. 14 . 1998 . 45%. ( ) 1998 . ( ; – 1997 .): – 4.7 ( 6%), – 4.3 ( 11.2%), » – 3.08 ( 19.6%), – 3.08 ( ); 1.5-2 . 50 34, 19 – 12, 66 – 44. 80% . , , [24, .14]. 14 , 13 8 . 1998 . 66%. 1998 . Sumitomo, 100 . [57, .39]. Mannesman Demag Japan Nissho Iwai . , [79, .25]. , 2005 . 15-20%
.
, , -Daewoo.
«
216
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-
»
«
1999 .»
– Clecim, »
«
Mannesman Demag Meer, – VOEST Alpine [57, .40]. VOEST Alpine, , , -
– Pshero Strojani
, . . 4 [57, .40].
).
. SKL [57,
SKET .
Danieli .41]. Usinor-Sacilor. , 1.9%
. 1998 . 1997 . [47, .186].
,
-
, 16.4
,
7 . 1998 . ( ): Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) – 9.91, Tata Iron & Steel Co. – 3.32, Visakhapatnum – 2.32. 48%, – 26%, – 26%. Southern Iron – Steel Company (Siscol) 1999 . . 192 , 90 , 18 16 [22, .14; 78, .20]. Essar Steel 1 , . – 2 (50 .); Demag Italia. Essar Steel . , , .
180 10.4
.
, [22, .14]. 1998-
2000
.
. 21%, 16.2 1998 . , – 3.42 . ( , , 203.3 6.2%.
10.5
23.7 5.78
1998 .
2000 .,
– 7.49
;
) 241.5 1998-2000
2000 . .
– 2.9%
,
,
.
« .
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»
217
«
7.5%, 2.3% [16, .14].
–
1999 .»
1998-2000 7.1%,
.
.
–
,
.
: +
–
.
= 1998 .
,
1997 . 1036.2
1997 .
(
.5.7). 5.7
, 1993 65.53r 210.33 5.02r 16.76r ... 15.91r 35.31r 7.63r 16.73r 7.15r 8.66r 4.47r 6.34r 55.14r 3.37r 17.34r 7.6r 2.9r 481.05 29.12r 10.94r 7r 258.67r 9.31r 35.75r 9.02r 6.75r 114.49r 10.37 10.37r 127.96 3.2r 35.62r 6.19r 9.8r
. .
1994 60.5r 209.18 5.56r 16.95r 0.25r 19.46r 42.7r 8.15r 16.4r 8.57r 8.36r 6.4r 5.8r 34.5r 3.82r 20.08r 7.28r 4.9r 507.04 27.52r 8.99r 7.2r 287.79r 9r 34.39r 8.34r 7.72r 116.09r 12.71 12.71r 147.2 3.89r 44.84r 7.61r 11.68r
1995 64.4r 214.37 6.01r 16.94r 0.25r 20.81r 42.99r 8.1r 18.3r 8.43r 8.87r 7.14r 5.36r 36.7r 3.5r 17.1r 9.17r 4.7r 524.56 30.2r 11.78r 10.2r 286.2r 11.27r 34.18r 9.19r 8.18r 123.36r 10.15 10.15r 155.87 3.8r 44.82r 8.87r 15.09r
1996 57.4r 203.45 6.01r 12.79r 0.25r 21r 39.97r 6.4r 16.5r 8.29r 8.97r 7.4r 5.14r 34.9r 3.5r 18.45r 8.29r 5.59r 539.08 36.4r 12.55r 12.66r 293.4r 11.27r 34.6r 10.1r 8.9r 119.2r 11.5 11.5r 164.13 3.8r 50.2r 11.24r 15.77r
1997 97/96, % r 55.9 97.4 212.16 104.3 7.21r 120 11.04r 86.3 ... ... 21r 100 42.17r 105.5 5.67r 88.6 16.7r 101.2 8.3r 100.1 11.77r 131.2 7.4r 100 4.68r 91.1 40r 114.6 3.9r 111.4 20.92r 113.4 7.41r 89.4 3.99r 71.4 569.07 105.6 38.6r 106 15.45r 123.1 12.25r 96.8 305.1r 104 10.27r 91.1 38.8r 112.1 14r 138.6 8r 89.9 126.6r 106.2 9.99 86.9 r 9.99 86.9 165.5 100.8 5.3r 139.5 53.1r 105.8 9.4r 83.6 11.26r 71.4 «
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«
1999 .»
.
1993 8.5r 64.65r 12.49 12.49r 907.73 928.78r
1994 1995 1996 r r 8.39 8.55 7.42r r r 70.79 74.74 75.7r 13.4 16.74 22.5 13.4r 16.74r 22.5r 950.03 986.09 998.06 r r 975.8 1011.06 1020.56r
1997 97/96, % r 11.23 151.3 75.21r 99.4 7.06 31.4 7.06r 31.4 1019.68 102.2 1036.19r 101.5
: r
( 1997 .
1996 .
–
74
) ,
8.6%. -
1997 . ,
1998 . ,
, ,
-
. 1997 . 95% – 28.7%, – 2.8%,
– 7.1%, – 2.6%,
10 – 6.8%, – 4.4%, – 2% ( .5.8).
. – 33.3%, – 3.2%,
: – 3.9%,
5.8
.
1993 111.53 ... 0.01 0.04 114.38 0.01 10.66 0.1 26.86 1.51 0.01 6.1r 26.14 0.49r 0.33 9.65 0.03 1.41 1.23 2.51 4.71 0.12 10.57 0.05 5.07
1994 119.09 0.01 0.06 0* 123.06 0* 10.71 0.09 32 1.52 0* 0.11 30.13 0.3 ... 10.34 0* 0.03 1.23 2.09 6.06 0.05 12.8 0.09 4.98
1995 130.4 0.01 0.04 0* 130.18 0* 10.61 0.01 32 1.48 0* 0.14 28.84 0.23 ... 11.51 0* 0.17 1.23 1.02 6.1 0.13 13.9 0.08 5.27
, 1996 128.9 ... 0.07 0*r 129.7 0* 9.6 0.03 31.7 0.98 0* 0.34 27.9 0.18 ... 11.2 0.01 0.31 1.2 0.61 4.1 0.03 14.7 0.1 5
1997 155.6 ... 0.01 ... 134.09 0* 9.3 0.01 31.9 0.04 0* 0.35 33.14 0.17 ... 11.7 ... 0.11 0.89 0.27 3.8 0* 15r 0.08 6.39
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97/96, % 120.7 ... 18.8 ... 103.4 57.7 96.9 41.7 100.6 4.4 11.3 105 118.8 94.5 ... 104.5 ... 34.8 74.3 44.3 92.7 6.6 102 83.7 127.9
»
219
«
1993 0.01 10.36 4.1 2.8 5.81 16.42 19.02 392.02
1994 0.01 17 4.71 2.44 6.94 15.39 19.61 420.86
1995 0.01 14 4.83 1.64 6.16 17.1 21.8r 438.89
1999 .»
1996 0.01 12.6 4.55 1.29 6.98 16.1 19.3 427.49
1997 97/96, % r 0.01 68.2 13r 103.2 4.5 99 0.58 45.2 6.73 96.3 18.3 113.7 20.7 107.3 466.69 109.2
: * r
: [2; 10, .15; 42, .14; 82, .50; 83; 91, .203; 96, .5; 106, .117; 107, .114; 108, .113; 109, .114]
9%
1998 . 1997 . 50%
, . ,
141.7
[61, .142], -
BHP. Hamersley Iron. [69, .23; 70, .25; 95, .13].
, 1998 ., 142.6
, 84.8
6.3% 81.8 , 22.7
,
Sinterbase, 1997 . – 21.5 22.9 : Samarco – 12.5 , Socoimex – 40 . – 8%
CVRD 19.5 . MBR 1998 . 1997 . 1998 . 4.9%, 11.7 , Samitri – 10.4 12.2 , Ferteco – c 11.8 393 1.6 . : – 18%, – 16%, – 7% [13, .15; 62, .105; 89]. 50% 1998 . Iron Ore Co. of Canada, [105, .23]. 1998 . 31 . Iron Ore Co. Ltd. (KIOCL) 1998 . 6.1 . (67-68% ) ( ). , – 1.5 , – 0.5 , BHP – 0.4 [103, .138]. NMDC 1998 . 14.6 , [61, .159].
. 16 . Kudremukh
– 1.9 1
-
LKAB. 85% – [98, .37].
18.3 1998 . : » –
– ,
– (2830.9
, , , ) [34, .53-89]. .
,
Iscor
, ,
1998 .
(406.7
[93, .16]. 26.9
(6891.9 –
)
,
«
220
.
: 422-0000
),
), «
, (3194
-
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
-
«
1999 .»
20% , (15.4%). (
(34.3%),
. ,
)
(24.5%), ),
,
(
[38, .2]. , SNIM 1998 . , 16.4% – [60, .89]. 1997 .
, 31% – 7.2% –
,
. 11.4
, 7.3% –
: 32% – , 6.1% –
,
1996 .
(
8.1%)
-
. . 11
,
1997 .
375.4 – 27.3%, – 11.9%, – 4.4%, – 4.0%, – 2.4% ( .5.9).
): – 4.5%,
( – 9.0%, – 3.6%,
80.9% – 8.3%, – 3.0%,
– 2.5%, 5.9
,
.
.
.
1993 3.49 3.59 3.2 15.77 0.88 15.92 0.82 35.26 0.01 1.18 0.16 0.73 2.29 0.02 6.66 16.74 5.44 0.22 32.68 0.3 35.53 1.3 ... 1.4 0.02 0.15r 8.56r 0.62 0* 1.57 8.78 0.49 3.57 2.76 0* 5.3 14.06 9.02 0.2
1994 4 3.92 3.82 17.01 0.72 19.46 2.18 42.69 0.03 0.6 1.52 0.37 2.75 0.02 7.58 16.4 5.24 0.9 37.23 0.3r 34.2 1.3r 0.01 1.25 0.03 0.16 8.57 0.01 0* 4.56 8.41 0.59 5.45 3.27 0* 4.87 17.55 8.34 1.45
1995 4.2 3.9r 4.36 15.33 1.48 20.81 2.09 43 0.01 0.6r ... 0.5 2.36 0.02 ... 18.3 5.97 0.92 41.06 0.3r 35 1.3 0.01 1.76 0.82 0.08 8.75 0.07 0* 1.63 10.53 0.69 6.27 3.35 0* 4.89 17.51 9.19 1.53
1996 4.08 4.34 4.95 12.86 1.14 21 2.32 40 0* 0.88 0.85 0.46 1.31 0.02r 6.11 16.5 6.87 0.98 43.9 0.3r 34.4 1.5 ... 1.77 1.31 0.05 8.56 0.47 0.01r 1.94 9.8 0.45 5.84 2.55 ... 4.18 18.4 10.1 1.18
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1997 97/96, % 5.56 136.2 5.1 117.6 5.3 107.1 11.1 86.3 1.99 174.2 21 100 1.47 63.4 41.69 104.2 0.01 122 0.6r 68.1 1.5r 176.1 1.47 316.7 2.7r 205.9 0.02r 100 5.9 96.6 16.7 101.2 7.1 103.3 1 102.4 55.1 125.5 0.3r 100 38.6 112.2 1.4 93.3 ... ... 2.1 118.7 0.03r 2.3 0.05 100 8.6 100.5 0.56 119.4 0.01r 142.9 1.23 63.5 11.8 120.4 0.56 122.8 6.63 113.4 2.5r 97.9 ... ... 4.31 103 18.6 101.1 14 138.6 0.8r 67.6
»
221
«
1993
1994
0.08 1.68 ... 3.36 16.6 7.55 0.02 0.59 114.48 383.07
1999 .»
1995
0.08 1.95 4.5 3.62 20.1 7.28 0.02 0.38 116.09 420.81
1996
0.04 3.22 5 2.96 20.2 9.14 0.02 0.18 120.4 429.77
1997
0.07 2.99 4.8 3.27 18.24 8.26 0.02 0.14 119.2 428.39
97/96, % r
0.08 2.9 4.8 3.73 20.2 7.38 0.01 0.1 126.6 463.19
109.2 97 100 114 110.7 89.4 79.2 70.9 106.2 108.1
: * r
: [45, .89; 81, .51; 82, .51; 96, .5; 106, .119; 107, .115; 108, .114; 109, .115]
27% , 51.6% – 1998 .
, 11.8% – [96, .19]. 6806.8 95.4
. (9.3 ). , 269.9 – – 693.0 (197.3 – 952.4 (107.3 – 740 (125.3 –
,
– (28.8
.
)
310.8
: 40.9 – 1998 . , 495.7 – ), , 645.1 – ) 614.7 – ) [58, .18].
. – –
-
1997 . 50 ,
(
.5.8). 1998 . 9.3% [61, .153]. 1998 . – 9.4 , – 2.8 1998 . 57.4% [64, .23].
:
;
– 16.9 , 1997 ., 24.6% [61, .142].
, 19.5 ,
1998 .
, 9% –
12
,
.
[65, .6]. 1998 .
1999 .
,
. : 12.5%
–
7.0% –
18.3%,
11.1%, 9.18%
11.9% (
– 9.2% .5.10).
18.18%,
– 5.10
«
»
(
1%
Assmang,
)
( 1 ,
)
)
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
99/98, %
28.38
30.14
29.66
31.03
28.86
93.0
33.38
35.25
35.25
36.29
32.28
88.9
28.44
25.54
89.8
),
CVRD, ,
),
,
...
...
...
«
222
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«
1999 .»
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
99/98, %
42.15
46.82
45.91
47.94
... ... 30.39 32.13
37.08 32.13
38.18 33.07
34.28 29.70
89.78 89.80
Hamersley Iron, ), , Iscor,
),
,
28.74 45.15
30.50 46.82
30.02 45.91
31.40 47.94
28.20 40.75
89.80 85.00
35.89 34.60
37.68 36.33
37.08 35.76
38.18 36.81
34.28 33.06
89.78 89.81
33.87
35.56
33.29
34.26
32.16
93.87
26.95
28.57
28.88
29.69
26.96
90.80
24.34 28.38
25.8 30.00
25.67 30.15
26.40 31.00
23.49 27.59
88.97 89.00
24.84 36.65
26.30 37.79
26.16 37.19
26.84 38.84
23.98
89.34
... ... 21.79 23.10
28.64 23.35
29.45 24.01
26.21 21.37
88.99 89.00
Mt.Newman, ), , ,
),
,
),
CVRD, ,
),
, CVRD, ,
),
, Hamersley Iron, ), , Iscor,
),
, MBR,
20.65 26.95
21.89 28.57
21.78 28.88
22.75 29.69
20.25 26.96
89.01 90.80
24.81 36.55
26.30 37.79
26.17 37.19
26.91 38.84
23.94 32.68
88.96 84.14
27.15 31.60
28.78 32.84
28.64 32.24
29.45 33.89
26.21 27.73
88.99 81.82
21.90 26.07
23.53 27.63
23.47 27.49
24.13 28.27
20.89 25.15
86.57 88.96
24.75
26.24
26.11
26.85
23.89
88.97
36.55
37.79
37.19
38.84
32.56
83.83
29.00
31.15
31.25
32.30
28.40
87.92
30.85
32.70
32.70
34.10
29.55
86.65
50.05
53.80
53.25
54.88
47.15
85.91
),
, Mt.Newman, ), , Robe River, ), , ,
),
,
), , , , , , ,
Iron ore Co., ),
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
223
«
1999 .»
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
99/98, %
50.05
53.80
53.25
54.88
47.15
85.91
50.34
43.68
86.76
45.63
46.91
40.69
86.74
45.79
87.50
Quebec Cartier ),
mines,
Nibrasco, ), ,
), 47.20
51.30
50.95
52.33
51.70
55.10
55.10
56.69
52.40
55.80
55.10
57.20
46.70
81.64
27.70
30.00
30.00
30.90
27.20
88.02
27.70
30.00
30.00
30.90
27.20
88.02
21.56
22.85
23.10
23.75
21.57
90.82
20.45
21.67
22.24 21.56
22.17 22.17
19.73 19.73
88.99 88.99
20.35
20.92
18.62
89.00
20.51
22.24
22.88
22.24 30.85
22.12 30.85
22.74 32.00
28.10
87.81
Samarco, ), , , , , Iron Ore Co., ), Quebec Cartier ),
mines,
Samarco, ), , MBR,
),
Venezolana de ), , ,
Guayana,
,
20.51 28.70
, ,
: [3, .15; 5, .15; 8, .15; 14, .14; 18, .15; 19, .15; 40, .15; 71, .20]
,
-
,
(
,
). ,
1997 .
), . 1998 . ,
, .
,
, ,
1998 .
1997 .
0.9% (693.3
699.3
,
). , 1998 .
. 3.5%, –
.
«
224
-
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1999 . 7-18% [12, .14; 20, .14; 25, .14]. , ,
.
1998 .
-
. : .
:
20-25%. [20, .14; 21, .15]. 1997 1998 .
. 5.8%.
1997 .
17 ,
, 1999 . 1999 . -
, , . 1999 .
107
,
6.2%
1998 .
. 1999 .
1998 .
5-10% , )
[12, .15; 20,
.15; 28, .12]. 1997 . .
-
. – (
).
1996-1998 320 ./
, 190-210
./ .
.
-
, .
, 1998 .
1999 .
3
345
(
).
-
750
255-280
./ .
[37, .1; 55, .3]. : ,
,
,
1998 .
,
, 6.6
,
,
9.1%,
,
.
.
,
,
-
, .
2.9%
1998 . ,
1999 .
(
.
.5.10).
, [26, .14; 27, .15]. 1999 . . 1999 .
, , .
2000 .
«
.
-
2000 .,
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
225
«
.
,
1999 .»
CVRD
LKAB –
–
7.7%,
– 8.83%. 5.15%, 5.4%,
Ore Co.
4.35%, Iron 7.32%. –
–
5.9% [29, .14]. ,
,
-
–
1999-2000 ,
.
.
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
. 1996. . 1996. . 1996. . 1996. . 1996. . 1997. . 1997. . 1997. . 1997. . 1997. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 2000. . 2000.
36.
19. 27. 47. 48. 86. 12. 20. 47. 56. 93. 10. 17. 24. 29. 35. 40. 49. 57. 59. 61. 65. 73-74. 76. 78. 127. 140. 153. 20. 31.
37. 38.
. ". 1998.
39.
./" 42. 43. 44. 45. .) / 46. / 1998.
"
/ ., 1999.
"
-
,
1998 ".
"
48.
. 1998.
2.
1998.
3.
1999.
1.
1999.
2.
1999.
3.
49.
.
50.
.
51.
. .,
.
.
.
52.
.:
.
53. 1996. 54.
31. .
.:
./
; . 1998. . 1999.
, 1987 .43).
4. 4. .
-
. 1999. 35. .
. 1991.
.:
, 1997. :
/ . ., 1995. 55. . 1999. 8. 56. . 1998. 4. 57. . 1999. 1-2. 58. . 1999. 3-4. 59. African Mining Magazine. http://www.infomine.com/african mining/f1may97. 1.05.1997. 60. Annual Review. Africa. 1999. 61. Annual Review. Asia & Australia. 1999. «
.
: 422-0000
-
2.
47.
. 2-
226
.:
. " ". 1998. 6. . 1995. 18. i 01.01.1998 ". , 1998. . 1998, . 25. . 1999. 2. . 1999. 3. ( 1994 . ., 1995. 1997 . " ". .,
40. 41.
, 1984.
32. 33. 34.
/. ", 1998. . 1999. 32.
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
62. Annual Review. Central & South America. 1999. 63. Annual Review. CIS. 1999. 64. Annual Review. Europe. 1999. 65. Annual Review. North America. 1999. 66. Annual Review. Steel Industry Metals. 1999. 67. Metal Bulletin. 1997. 8152. 68. Metal Bulletin. 1997. 8164. 69. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8249. 70. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8257. 71. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8292. 72. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8342. 73. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8343. 74. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8348. 75. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8351. 76. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8352. 77. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8363. 78. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8365. 79. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8384. 80. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1995. 81. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1996. 82. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1997. 83. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1998. http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/. 1998. 84. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1999. Iron Ores. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/iron_ore/340399.pdf. 26.05.1999. 85. Mineral Resources of China / Editor in Chief: Yin Qingshan. Beijing: China Building Materials Industry Press, 1993. 86. Minerals Yearbook 1997. http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/. 1998. 87. Minerals Yearbook 1997. Iron Ores. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/iron_ore/340497.pdf. 26.05.1999. 88. Minerals Yearbook 1998. Iron and Steel. 1998. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/iron_&_steel/350498.pdf. 28.10.1999.
89. Minerals Yearbook 1998. Iron Ores. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/iron_ore/340498.pdf. 5.01.2000. 90. Minerals Yearbook. 1998, January. 91. Mining Annual Review. 1996. 92. Mining Annual Review. 1997. 93. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.330, 8485. 94. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8487. 95. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8489. 96. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8491. 97. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8501. 98. Mining Journal Supplement. 1999. V.332, 8515. 99. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8483. 100. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8485. 101. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8487. 102. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8501. 103. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8520. 104. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8532. 105. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8538. 106. World Mineral Statistics 1990-94 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1995. 107. World Mineral Statistics 1991-95 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1996. 108. World Mineral Statistics 1992-96 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1998. 109. World Mineral Statistics 1993-97 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1999.
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
227
«
21270 7.8% – (650 –
1999 .»
.
56 ), 16.2% – ), 3% – – 13600 – 630 (3%), – 500 – 420 (2%) [33, .92-111]. 1% [20, .3].
67.4% (1650 ), 5.6% –
). – 2500 500
(11.8%), (2.4%), 215 ,
(14330 (1200
(3440
),
(63.9% (2.4%),
), .
,
, ,
,
, , , 2500 . 01.01.1998 .) – 841 [20, .11].
( 243
,
2
– 184
,
3
– 414
)
(
,
,
,
)
, ,
-
,
,
. ,
,
1
,
,
-
. 4
,
[29, .41]. ( ) (
–
-
).
,
, . 1842
,
380 ( (
10 )
)
75 (
2,
1
2
). ( «
,
2
-
448 ,
.
3.1 : 2.1 : 94.8) 29.4%. » (
,
,
), .
,
156.15
[35, .204].
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
229
«
1999 .»
( 214
2
.,
1.5-2.0
2
20
) [55,
.9]. 56 8.7
,
– 3.6
(
1999 ., .6.1).
,
6.1
1.01.1999 . (
)
(%) .
, %
.
98r 926 180r 42r 2r 1r 2r 28r 655r 2r 14r 1360 8r 197r 173r 10r 7r 87r 472r 332r 3r 1r 2r 1r 7r 50r 6r 5r 5106 2r 5r 27r 380r 57r 70r 3r 2r 35r 10r 21r 4r 1r 10r 4480r 929 8r
1.1 10.7 2.1 0.5 0 0 0 0.3 7.5 0 0.2 15.7 0.1 2.3 2 0.1 0.1 1 5.4 3.8 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 58.8 0 0.1 0.3 4.4 0.7 0.8 0 0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0 0 0.1 51.6 10.7 0.1
. 96r 808 126r 29r 1r 1r 1r 8r 635r 1r 6r 799 1r 185r 101r 10r 2r 4r 345r 142r 3r 1r 1r ... 2r 1r 2r 1r 1354 2r ... 15r 242r 24r 2r 3r 2r 2r 8r 2r 4r 1r ... 1048r 314 2r
, % 20r ... 27 18 40 25 30 20 23r 16 18 ... 17 20r 38r 38 38 40 20r 23 21 35 ... ... 35 40 33 25 ... 44 ... 51 50 31 38 31 53 46 42 46 43 45 ... 45r ... 23
2.7 22.7 3.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.2 17.9 0 0.2 22.5 0 5.2 2.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 9.7 4 0.1 0 0 ... 0 0 0.1 0 38.1 0.1 ... 0.4 6.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 ... 29.5 8.8 0.1
«
230
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
. , % 240r 342r 5r 5r 45r 2r 19r 225r 14r 3r 22r 263 258r 3r 2r 8683
.
.
, %
90r 178r 3r 2r 3r 2r 7r 25r 1r ... 1r 181 179r 1r 1r 3551
2.8 3.9 0.1 0.1 0.5 0 0.2 2.6 0.2 0 0.3 3 3 0 0 100
40r 41 30 42 11r 40 20 27 42 ... 33 ... 41 30 50 ...
2.5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0 ... 0 5.1 5 0 0 100
: r
: [33, .92]
6.1 . (
-
): . . :
1)
, (
( , ) ,
,
) ; 2) ; 3) , 90% (
,
)
, .
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
2% – ).
, (
: ,
, 100
,
,
,
,
, ,
,
10 90% ,
, , , 8% , , -
(
,
47%
,
),
.
,
,
,
. (
, :
95%) .
,
,
,
,
-
.
. 50 ;
20 – 38-48%,
400-500 . – 4-20%,
Mn : Fe, ,
-
.
– 4–5 (
,
5%,
– ),
. (
) [22, .248; 56, .42; 66, .49].
, «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
), Mn : Fe = 8 ( ,
, -
»
231
«
1999 .»
. .
,
,
-
,
. , (33%
)
(67%)
. ,
2 10 ,
100
, ,
. ,
. – 21.9%;
; ),
(15%
(77% – – 28.6%;
; (8%
) 0.25% P). 10-50% SiO2,
( 3-13% CaO
:
,
– 25%). , [25, .6; 34, .181].
-
. . , 25 . 44.3% . (0.02-0.08%) (0.1-0.3%). – 14-18%. 70% , 21% – – 0.03%), 5% – , 2.6% – ( – 0.2%) [21, .35; 36, .90]. : ( ( , -III, -I,
11.2% 2.1
12.4%,
( , 1.5% – –
)
,
, -
.). -III , –
90%). 1.5 25.5% 20.4%.
. – 22.7%,
, ,
-III, . 84%
– 400-700 . [21, .35; 26, .195; 36, .90]. , . , . 3-6 . – 0.03-0.09%, – 0.04-0.13, SiO2 . -
, .
15-45 , , – 48%,
, – 3-4% [16, .50; 22, .243; 43, .174]. . 90%
,
-
. 10
100-150 . 47%)
( 11.6%
( 28% (26.4% Mn),
–
.
10-30 , – 5 . 16.5%. 20.9%), (38.5% Mn) – 2.4%, «
232
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
(«
») – 0.3% (24.3% Mn), . ,
56, .38].
– 13.6% (21.3% Mn) [21, .29; ,
-
. .
,
. , 3-4 ,
0-30 . (
,
)
( 1:1 9 : 1). – 37-52% ( – 41%), 0.07-0.08% [42, .627]. , ).
.
/
– 2-11.5%,
– 3-13%,
-
. – 0.07-0.09%, . (
.
– ,
( ,
),
(
,
),
),
-
(
«
»
,
;
-
. , .
,
,
, 6 .
300 ( 38 11%),
–
0.03
) 45%), – 3% [134, .138].
51% ( – 0.2
0.2%,
30 16% (
9
.
–
28
46% [134, .125]. ,
10-30 , (
)
– 200-400 ( 1000) . , , – 25 58% ( 46%). . 30% [23, .28; 56, .43; 134, .125].
,
, (
,
)
; ,
– –
,
.
-
-
25%
. , (
) .
, 3-4 .
24
–
63%,
–
11
24%,
. – 2-4% [134,
.88-91]. ,
–
-
. , . (37% (15%),
,
–
(17%),
), . .
(70%)
-
; « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
233
«
, 1 ).
(
1999 .»
22%
22%, [14, .182; 32, .11; 34, .183]. .
–
.
43-47%;
–
8
12% , –
.
-
(20-25% Mn) [113, .190]. , (
2-3
.
-
)
. – 1-15 .
,
,
. –
, , , – 2-19%, .
– 2-7.5%,
–
. – 0.07-0.35% [43, .151].
. – 31-55.5%; ,
–
.
,
3-5
6
-
30-60
3-
. ;
– 10-30 , 50-100 , , , . 6872%, 30% 52%; – 4-10%, – 3.6-8.6%, – 0.08-0.17% ( 0.6%) [43, .153]. , – [43, .155-156]. ( ) 48-52% , 6-9% , 3.5-9% , 0.08-0.16% [43, .154]. , . 1.01.1999 . 16 , . 1 148 , . 2 – 5 20% ( 90% ). (21% ) 4.7%, (27% Mn) – 4.5%, (16% Mn) – 0.1% [20, .3-4]. ( .) ( .) , : ( ); , , , , ( .); ( .), ( .). ( 80%) . 20-65 . 500 4-6 . 150 . 30 75 . 79.69 19.4%. ( 27% ) 6% . , , – 12-14% 20% [17, .275; 20, .8; 34, .183; 37, .13-14]. . ( .) 1 2 1999 . 409 . (77.6%), (9%) ,
«
234
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
(13.4%).
, ,
, 20.2%, 23.0%, 15.6% [19, .23; 20, .6]. 71%
-
. 1.01.1999 .
( [20, .31]. .
581 .
.)
1
2
-
(
)
,
-
. . 1997-1998 .
(
) «
. 1998 . 1
2,
,
, 31%, 29.7% [20, .5; 31, .21; 46, .77-78]. ), . 1 [20, .4-5]. ( 1 .) 1997 . .
55% – ( 2
, 28 1-3 ,
-I»
. 1722
,
-
, 8 1
1
,
2
–
120 .
-
95
18% [19, .6]. ,
. «
( -M-
.) »,
1997 . «
-
», (
)
.
.
[20, .7]. 1997 .
(
.) «
22 1998 .
-M-
»,
-
[51, .10]. «
» («
»)
12
.
. ,
1 1458 – 20.7% [20, .7; 51, .9].
– 1527
. , [31, .22]. 1998 . (
),
-
. «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
235
«
1999 .»
, .
8-10%
: [31, .22; 41, .8-11, 54].
– 2-3 93
1-20 . -
.
31.2
[20, .7].
1998 .
.
1998 .
50 1:10000
,
. [20, .8-9].
1999 .
-
[20, .3, 8-9]. (
.)
. 1998-1999
. [54, .15].
1998 . ,
-
. 12.5
5
,
[51, .7]. , , -
[20, .9]. . «
»
[20, .9]. ( 21.8
1 1
– 178.7
,
–
8
30%.
.
). , 2 – 67.1 (0.4–0.6% ).
, .
[20, .9; 31, .21; 52, .11; 53, .11]. -
[31, .21]. 1998 . ( 1
2
) [52, .11; 53, .11].
12.2
3
,
. . (10-20%
) .
12
, –
, 0.01%.
.
.
-
( [20, .9; 31, .22].
), . -
40
20-25
[20, .10].
«
236
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1995-1997
.
-
( ):
«
»
1995 . – .
,
«
»
,
. , .
1997 . –
[20, .10; 40, .82].
1997 . [44, .29].
, (
-15 1
,
0.6
2
28.6 [38, .16-17].
55
-
-35),
. 134
,
, 1998 .
0.74
,
[45, .13]. 1999 .
[55, .9]. .
,
,
20-30%
1.5-4% , -
, [18, .132]. Consolidated Minerals ( ,
1999 . ,
) [88,
600
.6].
1998 . 16% ( , 1996-1997
1997 . 3%
.6.2). ,
,
.
. , ):
( , 89% , 1993 .
,
,
.
,
,
,
1998 . . (
32-35% Mn),
.
-
, , 170
. , , 2.5 [144]. . Guangxi Manganese Mine Co.
–
16.2
.
, 200 2 20
, -
,
1998 . . – 250
. 12
1998 . ,
« .
: 422-0000
-
[123, .286]. Samancor Associated Manganese Mines (Assmang) , . 98%
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
-
»
237
«
1999 .»
(40-52% Mn), ; 2% [66, .48].
,
6.2
, 1994 r
1995
1996
r
1997
r
1998
r
98/97,%
r
10 10 12 12 15 3568.43 3468.45 3388.86 3334.93 2509.6 42.5r 31.3 42.46 42.5 42.5 11.5 19 44.27 47.43 55.6 . 2r 2r 2r 2r 2 40r 67.2 56.4 65 57 2r 1.96 2.1 2.57 2 r 5 1.5r 7.47 6.49 6.52 r 130 130r 137 130 150 3300 3200 3066 3039 2226 10r 10 10 10 10 8109.37 10464.42 10215.2 9524.99 7190.05 40r 29.3 41.9 70.4 35.1 r 1582.6 1632 1764 1797 1800 r r 15 9.4 14 19 19 96.12 99.33 98 135 190 560.5r 452 428 472.9 426.1 4700r 5787 8010.7 7663.3 7000 r 10 7r 0 27 13 58 34 41 66 63 6.45 3.49 3.1 0.29 0.05 37.5r 34.5 37 37.5 37.5 4640.95 5465.03 5793.09 5421.62 5590.27 1435 1930 1983 1900 2092 269.2 205.2 447.9 332.44 384.17 28.3r 31.45 31.26 29.47 28.84 35r 30 100 92.65 39.67 2875.3 3198.57 3240.07 3120.66 3050.8r 2746.66 3056.73 2921.19 2773.07 2743.8 2.6r 2r 2r 2r 2.6 2183.6r 2440.99 2613.48 2400 2200 240.2 370.2 456.3 507.4 510 48.2r 62.87 70.45 62.89 63.67 . 1986 2177 2109 2136 1500 1986 2177 2109 2136 1500 21061.41 24641.63 24439.33 23202.61 19548.72
125 75.3 100 117.2 100 70.2 100 30 100 73.2 100 75.5 114 87.9 62.7 140.7 131.5 67.1 70 95.5 17.9 100 103.1 110.1 115.6 98.1 88.2 97.8 98.9 100 99.3 100.5 75.7 70.2 70.2 2758.4
r
: : [47; 110; 112, .123; 114, .144, 152, 178, 180, 236; 115, .41, 73, 151, 169, 180; 121, .17, 25, 27; 137, .48; 138, .48; 139, .48; 140, .174; 141, .167; 142, .163; 143, .165]
1998 . [67, .42].
Samancor
1999 . , 1998 . Samancor BHP Manganese ( ), 601 . (375 Samancor
2.1 1 [62, .53]. BHP Co. Ltd.
( 500
, -
) [67, .41]. 4
[115, .53].
«
238
.
: 422-0000
-
)
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1998 . : American Corp. (AAC) – 31.2% (
Billiton 9.6%
Samancor 55.4%
, De Beers). Billiton 60%,
, Samancor 18 [68, .41-43; 84, .8; 127, .307]. Assmang 1998 . [114, .162].
, [66, .48]. Associated Manganese of South Africa .
Anglo 40%. -
AAC –
-
1999 .
-III
-II. ,
.
2003 . [87, .8; 132, .82]. . , ,
.
;
(20%
)
:
. 30%
.
[25,
, , .
5%
.6; 121, .26-27]. 1998 . . 49% [39].
,
589
1997 .,
– 1637
Companhia Vale do Rio Dose (CVRD). (100%CVRD) – Urucum Mineracao S.A.). [60; 120, .4]. 1998 . 14%. 1997 ., – 284 1999 .
, ,
13.5%
: CVRD -
(100%,
,
CVRD) [102, .9]. CVRD ( )
,
CVRD 19% 5% [110]. VUPSA
1310 1997 .,
Minera Autlan (
, SEAS (
) [88, .7].
Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO), BHP Co. Ltd. , 1998 . BHP Manganese Samancor ) [67, .41]. 1997 . ( ,
. ). ,
, .
, Consolidated Minerals Ltd. (CML,
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
239
«
1999 .»
Valiant Consolidated Ltd.) CML 250
, 1999 .
[62, .53; 126, .113-114]. , Consolidated Minerals
.
-
, . Noble Resources – 15.8%, Portman Mining Ltd. ( [65, .8; 88, .6].
: Lion Selection Group Ltd. – 36.3%, ) – 12.2%
Compagnie Miniere de l’Ogooue (Comilog), 61% Eramet ( ), 15% – Gencor ( ). . 1998 . 95% – . 1998 .
1997 .
-
. , 82-85%
,
-
Comilog
600 2000 . [122, .69]. Cogema Comilog,
.
1999 . Eramet 10%Eramet 51% [87, .3; 89, .3]. : Manganese Ore of India Ltd. (MOIL), , Sandur Manganese and Iron Ore, [34, .187]. , Nakosta AG.
1995 .
-
[64; 121, .15]. Trans World Group 1997 . , «
51% »,
[62, .53].
Ghana Manganese Co., ,
1998 .
-
( ),
20
,
. 600
.
5-6
[83, .9; 117, .31].
[117, .31]. 1998 . » (
(75%) « ) [63; 124, .302]. ,
.
1998 . [101, .8] 75%«
,
Saga-print. 200
»
1999 . .)
(5.5 50 [131, .61; 133, .158]. Cluff Mining (
–
1950«
240
1998 . -
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1974
.). Cluff Mining Kisenge-Manganese Co. [58, .6]. 1997 . 104 ( .) .35]. 1998 . 18.4%.
, 70
. 31 (
– 6
–
.) [30, 1998 . -
[20, .6]. 1998 .
52
. [20, .3; 31, .22]. .) 1998 . 1
(
[20, .3]. -
(
,
,
),
( ), ,
, [20, .3; 31, .22]. 1997 .
« ( «
.
», 1992-1994 80%
). »,
1999 .
50
, 2000 . –
.
-
100 . [15, .69; 31, .21; 46, .77-
79]. 1998 . 5
: ,
-1,
1– ,
,
[20, .7].
1999 .
. [54, .15].
. -
40%,
1998 . 116
282 [8, .14].
, : Toson Corp. ( ) Kerr-McGee ( Kerr-McGee Chemical LLC
Mitsui Mining & Smelting ( Delta Electrical ( 1998 .
)
Finnish -
Chemicals Oy. . [110]. ( VUPSA), 4.8
1998 .,
),
Sociedade Brasileira de Eletrolise
1997 . [62, .53]. Sovereing Resources 15
.
10
.
2000 ., 2003 .
(47
), ).
) [92, .11]. 1997 . BHP (
78
Australian
), «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
241
«
Manganese Co. Ltd. (AMCL),
1999 .»
Delta Electrical Industries Ltd. 23
, ,
[135].
MOIL (
)
700
900 1200
. [115, .160]. 43%-
S.A. Cherifienne [116, .87]. -
des Etudes Minieres (SACEM), , .
1998 .
43%. , ,
-
. 1998 .
,
,
,
(
,
,
.6.3). 6.3 ,
1994 55 1174.17 63.51 10 35r 45.09 249r 66.3 14.3r 31.3 25 250 384.11 0.56 1685.36 8.2 202.89 10 ... 917 70 120.02 0.1 7r 5 345.15 690.54 65 35 590.54 334.46 8.12 199.67 117.06
1995 55 1138.65 61.78 10 25 40.85 213 46.3 14.54 28.41 25r 279.3 393.97 0.5r 1761.64 12.54 179.82 14 ... 1005 70r 118.8 0.5r 9 5 346.98 607 65r 35 507 253.6 6.5 130.21 108.9
1996 r
50 1138.45 60r 10 25 42.73 215 59.9 14.5r 20.15 25 263.5 402.17 0.5r 1918.29 7.61 187.94 14 ... 1150 70 126.14 0.5r 14 5r 343.1 657 60r 35 562 357.37 7.12 215.26 126.49
1997
1998
98/97, %
47 1211.8 55r 20 35 40r 235 46.6 14r 12 20 307.7 426 0.5r 1990.92 6 166 15 5r 1180 65r 158.76 0.5r 13 5r 376.66 594 60r 35 499 301.68 7.67 152.53 132.48
45 1166.5 20 20 35 35r 235 50r 14r 11 20 305r 421 0.5r 1793.5 10 138 15 5r 1050 65r 158 0.5r 13 5r 334 620 60r 35 525 279.5 7.5r 123 140r
95.74 96.26 36.36 100 100 87.5 100 107.3 100 91.67 100 99.12 98.83 100 90.08 166.67 83.13 100 100 88.98 100 99.52 100 100 100 88.67 104.38 100 100 105.21 92.65 97.78 80.64 105.68
«
242
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
.
1994
1995
1996
9.62 100 100r 4039.54
7.99 110 110 3925.88
8.5 110 110 4231.11
1997
1998
98/97, %
9 95 95 4240.4
9 110 110 4014.5
100 115.79 115.79 94.67
: r
: [1, .14; 47; 59; 107, .54; 110; 140, .125; 141, .121; 142, .119-122; 143, .120-123]
1998 .
200
.
:
,
,
,
(
, .6.4). 6.4
, 1994 r
60 1198.97 20r 35r 79.07 197r 31.8 35.8 12r 700 66.23 22.07 946.2 25 172.31 ... 40r 550r 89.02 0.69 69.18 290.4 290.4 397.45 29.36 248.16 46.84 72.09 1 . 100 100r 2993.02
1995 r
60 1179.61 20r 50 103.96 200 20.5 57.15 12r 624.7 71.3 20r 1228.91 20r 188.25 7r 20r 830 97.79 1r 64.87 280 280 331.25 33.51 167.16 52.01 76.95 1.62 100 100 3179.77
1996
1997
r
1998
r
50 1183.34 20r 50 100.35 210 25 78.59 12 601.4 61 25r 1250.14 18r 174.96 7 50 840 83.38 1r 75.8 241 241 416.5 24.31 232.22 53.03 105.11 1.83 95 95 3235.98
98/97, % r
55 1168.7 20r 70r 100 230 25 63 10 559.7 66 25r 1211.08 25r 198 7 55 770 77.08 1r 78 286 286 354.02 22.46 175.92 37 116.64 2 95 95 3169.8
60 1130 20r 100 100 230 25 60 10 500 65 20r 1166 35 188 7 57 700 107 1r 71 290 290 294 27 125 35 105 2 105 105 3045
109.1 96.7 100 142.9 100 100 100 95.2 100 89.3 98.5 80 96.3 140 94.9 100 103.6 90.9 138.8 100 91 101.4 101.4 83 120.2 71.1 94.6 90 100 110.5 110.5 96.1
: r
: [59; 110; 140, .125; 141, .121; 142, .119-122; 143, .120-123]
(24.8% (6.6%)
),
(11.5%),
(11.4%),
1998 . (6.9%),
: -
(5.7%).
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
243
«
1999 .»
1993 .
. [92, .7].
-
, ,
, .
. ,
.
3 MVA;
,
2001 .
, .
.
,
Japan Metals & Chemicals Co. Ltd. 1996 . Advalloy –
1998 . 43.4
– (0.05-0.1% ),
-
2000-2005 . , [91, .7].
Samancor Ltd., , Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd. (Mitsui)
14.9
1998 .
(0.8-1.0% );
8.3
. (1-1.5% ) –
6.5
Mitsui , -
. Samancor Advalloy
. 123
[70, .9; 119, .6, 15]. 1997 .
Cato Ridge Alloys – Feralloys ( Assmang – ) – Mizushima Kowasaki Steel Corp.) Sumitomo Corp. 1998 . , Feralloys. [57; 70, .9; 75, .5]. 60 [65,
, Ferro Alloy Co. Ltd.
30
-
-
1999 . .9].
Transvaal Alloys Pty. Ltd., (
Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corp. ).
55 227 1999 .
175 1998 .
[66, .48-49]. [115, .59]. (
Samancor) Feralloys
Assmang).
.
1999 . 1
.
, 4.5
, 1998 . Samancor, BHP Manganese ( Metallurgical Co. (Temco) 601 . (375 1999 . Samancor 30
–
–
.
: 422-0000
,
[86, .8]. BHP Co. Ltd.
), 200 ) [67, .41; 85, .12].
Tasmanian Electro , -
«
244
-
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
,
Metalloys
.
, -
15
Temco
Samancor
.
1999 .
292
111
345
92 Metalloys
[104, .9].
[115,
.83]. (
,
(
),
-
,
),
( (
-
, ),
).
1997 . . ( 40-60% [27, .37-38]. 1999 . » «
-
)
. » [39].
25% – 8%-
2000 .
. Societe du Ferromanganese de Paris, Outreau (SFPO) Electrometallurgie 360 SFPO 1999 .
«
420
1999 . Elkem,
– Pechiney [61, .24]. [93, .9].
.
Eramet
600
. Comilog (61%
), –
( –
-
Eramet) [130, .74].
.
-
. , . 600 , Jernverk
;
– 375
Elkem. . Elkem
,
Tinfos . ), – Bjolvefossen [5, .14; 69, .10-19;
. 160 .
1998 .
( 200 Globe 78, .13].
,
. , 24
5
1998 . ) BHP ( 1993 . 10 Elkem BHP [81, .9; 82, .14; 128, .322; 129, .451].
). 5
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
Elkem . -
»
245
«
1999 . Eramet 1.5 1999 . ( Elkem .
1999 .»
Elkem .).
(200
,
)
600
.
-
BHP Eramet
Elkem Cogema (80% – 60%
). Eramet 40% [87, .3; 89, .8].
Elkem, Cogema –
1998 . 11%: Japan Metals & Chemicals Co. Ltd. (JMC) [12, .15; 115, .84].
.
, , Japan Metals & Chemicals Co. Ltd. Advalloy [119, .15].
,
2-2.5
22 50%
,
.
, 340
.
, (9
) . Manganese 10
– Ore India Ltd. (MOIL),
1998 . (
).
,
. MOIL 8 [4, .14-15; 72, .12; 83, .9; 136]. Sandur Manganese and Iron Ores Ltd.,
-
,
-
.
11
,
(420 National Thermal Power Corp. (NTPC), , –
),
–
,
. ,
40
,
1.6
(
.), (
)
. –
2000 .,
,
NTPC, 1998 .
. ,
,
2001 .
-
Sandur –
[4, .14-15; 73, .9; 136]. 1997 . 4
)
,
, , – 130-160
1998 .
NTPC (3-
. ,
(8 43
, Ispat Alloys of Orissa . ) . [4, .14-15; 71, .7]. Maharashtra Electrosmelt (
Sail)
. 50 315 120 340
. (9
) «
246
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
,
1998»
«
1999 .8].
1999 .»
.
[100, Nav Bharat Ferro Alloys,
1997 .
Nav Chrome,
-
, .
50
[4, .15]. , , .
-
,
Damodar Valley Corp. Srinivasa Ferro Alloys Ltd.
,
Srinivasa Ferro Alloys
. 1997/98 Ltd. 10 ,
.
Bhaskar Shrachi Ferro Alloys . 1997-1998 . , , Alloy Monet Ferro Alloys [4, .14-15]. Usiminas CVRD Vale Usiminas Participacoes S.A. (VUPSA) – Grupo Ferroligas
Karthik Ferro 1995 .
. [62, .53; 115, .72; 125, .483]. 1999 . Usiminas 50% CVRD (100%) . VUPSA Usiminas Cia Paulista de Ferroligas 130 Brasileira) ). Grupo Ferroligas . CVRD
450 1997-1998 . ,
Usiminas Ferroligas. 10 Cosipa. Sibra (
.
-
CVRD Ferroligas, 1999 . Ferroligas (Eletrosiderurgica 80% -
[90, .7; 98, .7; 105, .9; 106, .9]. 1999 .
CVRD Ste Europeene d’Alliages pour la Siderurgie (SEAS) [102, .9]. CVRD 65% Itaco. [88, .7; 90, .7].
130 35%;
(
)
BHP TEMCO
123 [67, .41; 85, .12].
SEAS, Sollac -
Tasmanian Electro Metallurgical Co. (TEMCO), BHP. 1998 . Samancor ( ), – BHP Manganese, 100%TEMCO. 200 . 110
1998 . ( – ). 1994-1997
) [62, .53; 135]. ( «
.
) ( » (Kazchrome Transnational Corp.), Trans World Group (TWG). «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
247
«
1997 .
1999 .»
,
-
, ,
TWG.
.
, 70%.
.
-
[48, .2; 49, .2; 50, .5; 64]. 1998 . 1997 .
TWG c
–
-
«
» (Kazakhstan Mineral Resources Corp. – KMRC) – KMRC. 1999 . « KMRC [13, .14; 35, .243; 95, .8; 97,
» .9].
(
),
( (
,
-
)
). [24, .8]. .
1996 . (
North Atlantic Research (
).
1997-1998
)
.
-
. . [113, .181].
20% -
1999 . 1998 .
57% [65, .9]. Icelandic Alloys Ltd. (
Elkem) 35 -
,
. Elkem [79, .9].
1998 . Metal Co. (
106 , ) – 44, Elkem Metals (
,
( ): ) – 10, Kerr-McGee (
– 40, Manganese ) – 12. -
. 1996 . )
JMC-Xinshao Co. Sumitomo )
JMC 10
Dongfang Manganese Work. Hunan Provincial Import and Export Corp.
.
-
;
1997 .– . . Manganese Metal Co. (MMC),
1998 . ,
Samancor (
51%-
,
)
( ). 1998 . , 10% – 44 [2, .15; 5, .14-15]. 1998 . Kerr-McGee Chemical LLC Finnish Chemicals Oy
-
«
248
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
, [110]. MOIL 1.2
90%
[76, .11].
,
,
-
. ,
( ).
, ,
(
–
–
,
,
), ,
-
,
,
,
. . «
=
»,
-
. 1997 . 8315.4 1362.7 891
(36.6% (6%),
– ), (6.6%), – 1363.5 (3.2%).
– 1503 : – 730.76 1997 .
(3.9%), ,
.
, : – 2806.2 (12.4%), – 1218.2 (5.4%), (6% ),
– – , –
1996 .,
1996 . -
, 1%. . ,
, [115, .83].
1996 .
, ,
,
-
. 1998 .
2%, .
499
[110]. -
, ,
,
. 1997 .
9.4%
,
. , , (
, )
.
9.3%
-
1997 .
-
. ,
1997 . ,
),
(9%)
(6.8%).
-
« .
: 422-0000
-
(16.2%
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
249
«
1375
1997 . – 761.8
(75%), 1997 . -
(
1999 .»
– – 575.8
(56%),
):
–
(49%). 1996 .
1998 .
, 3%
-
1997 .
1998 .
1332
, 70%
,
-
. 1998 . 277.2
369.1
[10, .15]. 1998 .
11%.
1998 . 153
,
1997 . (130 2000 .
) [65, .9]. 1999 . 380 , 2001 . – 410 [94, .7].
395
. –
,
25% Al),
, . 1999-2001 [5, .14; 7, .15].
2%
,
, (75% Mn
– ,
-
.
1997 .,
. 1997 . 0.8%.
1996 .
, 84%
:
,
,
.6.5). .
54.4% – 4.7%,
,
1997 . – 25.9%, – 1.7% [118, .33].
-
– 13.2%,
6.5 ,
.
1994
1995
1996
1997
1550 8.3 ... 906.5 1690 245.26 12.59 276.6 0 3.8 30.43 31.58 ... 28.9
1704 14.3 ... 1245.05 1852 193.1 0.2 236.53 ... 3.29 27.92 144.36 83.91 14.46
1740 20.2 ... 987.88 1977 266.44 0.43 309.85 13.04 4.19 28.77 57.63 92.65 19.07
1541 20.9 29.03 981.81 2000r 270r 0.74 300r 8.5 0.58 32.46 60r 34.4 14.66
97/96, % 88.6 103.5 ... 99.4 101.2 101.3 171.6 96.8 65.2 13.8 112.8 104.1 37.1 76.9
«
250
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1994
1995
1996
1997
97/96, %
13.1 13.86 3 122.7 138.5 1290.87 6365.99
13.86 17.81 0.03 183.96 133.66 1589.23 7457.67
6.42 32.32 0.01 201.62 160.74 1648.05 7566.31
17.22 84.29 0.18 232.77 107.5 1772.8 7508.84
268.2 260.8 1810 115.4 66.9 107.6 99.2
: r
: [140, .175; 141, .168; 142, .164; 143, .166-167]
BHP Elkem. , , , [81, .9; 119, .15; 135].
400 Gemco
,
1997 . Consolidated Minerals 1998 . 1999-2000 . 90 ( ) 40 – 1999-2000 . 125 30 Nippon Steel [99, .8; 103, .12]. ,
38.5
2000 . ,
.
511 . . .
1998 .
. CVRD
, 634
1997 . 31% [77, .9].
,
760 1998 . CVRD ,
,
,
[102, .9]. Sandur
1997 . (
100 38%) [5, .15]. 1997 .
62.6%.
– 55%
(
.6.6)
46% –
.6.7). 6.6 , 1994 .
4.51 7.66 81.98 0.07 15.24 6.63 17.85 ... 35.28 29.31 2.98 ... 0.39 292.33 0.5r 18.51
1995 12.45 15.2 38.95 1.48 30.81 12.44 6.49 2.41 54.04 38.05 7.12 6.54 0.13 447.22 0.97 25.59
1996 5.31 12.49 73.73 0.23 24.79 9.89 4.28 2r 28.41 54.69 2.88 47.24 0.02 363.01 5.12 26.3
1997 r
8 11.18 76.61 0.53 37.29 7.85 3.37 1.5r 30r 59.4 10.79 49.39 0.56 428.96 19.8 26r «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
97/96, % 150.7 89.5 103.9 230.4 150.4 79.4 78.7 75 105.6 108.6 374.7 104.6 2800 118.2 386.7 98.9 »
251
«
1999 .»
1994
1995
1996
1997
29.43 165.54 0.74 38.6 10.69 94.8r 71.92 ... 0.15 0.11 925.21
37.72 176.41 4.77 20.1 11.79 84r 58.75 2.41 2.14 0.23 1098.21
27.78 187.24 5r 20r 9.33 69 41.42 ... 0.27 0.16 1020.59
17.22 206.1 3r 25r 10.88 52 61.37 0.06 0.06 0.12 1147.04
97/96, % 62 110.1 60 125 116.6 75.4 148.2 ... 22.2 75 112.4
: r
: [111, .79; 114, .79; 140, .131; 141, .126; 142, .123-129; 143, .124-130]
6.7 , 1994
1995
158 12.86 79.61 1.45 15.37 9.86 4.31 21.51 8.23 ... 0.27 99.27 36.77 17.69 170 0.74 38.6 14.24 41.6r 58.46 2.74 0.34 23.63 815.55
.
173 22.61 30.19 0.43 9.34 1.69 4.65 28.07 4.02 3.65 1.44 177.09 27.64 8.9 125 4.77 20.1 13.6 26r 42.04 2.12 0.43r 45.38 772.16
1996
1997
97/96, %
151 17.79 105.18 2.8 12.43 7.63 2.86 22.17 7.26 0.12 0.58 171.91 28.41 5.72 200 4.5r 18r 14.06 21r 35.56 2.01 0.4r 37.5 868.89
... 26.42 70.07 1.58 12.24 1.82 3r 36.71 8.18 7.75 0.1 145.85 30r 11.51 170r 2r 20r 19.43 16.7 54.58 2.17 0.5r 45.56 686.17
0 148.5 66.6 56.4 98.5 23.9 104.9 165.6 112.7 6458.3 17.2 84.8 105.6 201.2 85 44.4 111.1 138.2 79.5 153.5 108 125 121.5 79
: r
: [140, .131; 141, .126; 142, .123-130; 143, .124-130]
,
,
.
-
1997 . 19.6%, 58.3 .
.
1998 . – 1998 . -
1998 . «
252
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
20.58% ( 19 1998 . 55% [74, .13; 80, .11; 115, .72; 119, .6].
); ( ,
–
13.9% – ,
25.4
1998 .
120.6
297.7
-
.
. –
-
)
30%
. [12, .15; 115, .84].
, [115,
1998 . .84]. ,
,
–
-
. 25
10% [9, .13]. , . 1996 .
.
-
1997 . 80.5%.
1997 . .195; 72, .12].
[34, , , ,
.18].
,
-
.
,
,
,
,
,
1998 . ,
, 1997 . (12.7),
(15.2),
[11, .14; 115, .72]. ( ) (5.3), (3.7) [3, .15]. .
(5.7), 52
1998 .
[28, -
[96, .14]. ( (
),
); [28, .20].
-
1998 .
[11, .14].
Kerr-McGee Chemical Co. Elkem Metals Co. [115, .154]. 1997 .
-
6%. .6.8),
1996 ., . 1998 . – 1.2 1998 . 50% – 244.5 60%, 68.1 ,
-
.
.
– 119, .15].
, –
– 407.3
3%, ,
40%, 97.5 , [12, .15; 115, .84; ,
,
.
75%
.6.8). « .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
253
«
1999 .»
6.8 ,
.
.
1994
1995
1996
1997
97/96, %
67.35 138.84 ... 8.04 87.72 10.93 0.46 11.09 0.17 0.82 1.4 3.61 14.76 31.21 347.65 202.21 0.9 6.29 1.65 962.22 10.16 0.7 457.64 45 0.86 47.56 17.73 674.95 22.33 267.56 0.65 126.37 24.14 53.82 195.93 330.53 52.73 0.56 5.03 19.6 946.62 3.93 13 1.27 6.78 1199.4 6422.17
77.23 94.33 1.06 91.99 112.52 11.36 0.43 23.72 0.13 1 1.3 3.69 31.75 25.44 318.09 327.15 1.5 9.6 2.71 1289.87 1.68 0.4 501 45 0.9 76.73 29.71 734.97 22 166.36 0.5 189.67 25.96 50.68 80.2 394.05 72.57 0.14 4.62 15.87 1274.39 1r 47 4.46 5.9 1272.98 7443.61
63.62 164.66 0.97 40.31 109 12.72 0.03 12.72 0.22 12.62 1.5r 2.76 13.05 39.26 402.09 201.2 1.9 6.74 0.41 1585.29 12.49 0.5r 392.18 45 0.7 62.77 25.79 676.57 28.39 200.2 0.35 197.86 48.59 37.86 120.87 461.53 62.31 0.08 15.36 9.42 1111.06 0.02 19 0.17 5.18 1261.62 7466.94
74.09 139.13 1.92 71.23 100r 26.23 0.17 27.13 0.5 10r 1r 3r 15.49 47.34 275.96 166.27 1.7r 3.97 1.66 1316.78 10r 0.2r 482.8 45r 0.6r 65r 18.06 730.76 25r 200r 0.3r 98.94 45r 40r 113.85 356.9 65.97 0.01 10r 24.34 998.57 0* 18.23 0.09 14.8 1363.52 7011.51
116.5 84.5 197.9 176.7 91.7 206.2 566.7 213.3 227.3 79.2 66.7 108.7 118.7 120.6 68.6 82.6 89.5 58.9 404.9 83.1 80.1 40 123.1 100 85.7 103.6 70 108 88.1 99.9 85.7 50 92.6 105.7 94.2 77.3 105.9 12.5 65.1 258.4 89.9 10 95.9 52.9 285.7 108.1 93.9
: * r
: [140, .175, 177; 141, .170-171; 142, .166-167; 143, .168-169]
1997 . 18%,
– 58%, – 11%,
– 7%,
«
254
.
: 422-0000
–
– 6% [109, .104].
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
555
. 1998 . [115, .84].
314
, ( 52% 1997 . 61%
[5, .14]. ) 49% 1996 ., . :
1997 .
,
, (
,
–
-
.6.9). 6.9 ,
.
1994 0.51 13.49 47.91 31.9 133.49 15.59 2.55 4.78 0.76 24.63 36.41 89.87 34.01 2.53 60.51 6.37 15.01 61.57 0.56 5 3.99 5.35 6r 276.65 5.51 43.56 89.47 1.28 23.94 33.72 8.2 17.31 0.07 204.34 1306.84
1995 0.38 10.32 53.72 40.45 135.34 3.82 4.95 3.91 2.74 35.41 29.01 75.49 41.49 4.04 76.3 6r 8.5 46.5 5.65 0.09 4.24 7.68 7r 304.71 16.91 64.96 103.83 2.08 25.95 45.07 4.4 21.33 0.24 240.51 1433.02
1996 0.29 16.05 51.54 35.1 121.78 2.01 8.5 4.48 2.5r 30.1 21.56 70.45 54.43 3.1 99.51 5r 14.85 50.58 0.05 0.08 4.26 16.18 7.18 324.96 29.22 51.31 93.84 1.23 26.93 46.73 3.83 18.16 0.25 233.28 1449.32
1997 97/96, % 0.3 103.4 16.51 102.9 36.91 71.6 38.26 109 144.3 118.5 5.03 250.2 8.74 102.8 5.18 115.6 2r 80 32.55 108.1 24.98 115.9 71.84 102 43.98 80.8 3r 96.8 120.44 121 5.5r 110 15r 101 37.71 74.6 3.93 7860 0.05r 64.1 4.2r 98.6 12r 74.2 7.55 105.2 303.11 93.3 25r 85.6 77.7 151.4 102.76 109.5 1.4r 113.8 26.2 97.3 57.79 123.7 4.41 115.1 16.13 88.8 0.2 78.4 257.54 110.4 1512.2 104.3
: r
: [140, .139; 141, .134, 137; 142, .131-140; 143, .132-141]
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
255
«
1999 .»
1997 . ,
,
–
,
,
-
61%
.6.10). 6.10 , 1994 19.26 1.99 3.34 . 54.02 1.1 119.46 8.06 26.21 163.6 9.94 3.48 3.77 1.53 0.76 5.31 29.24 68.25 67.5 5.7 4.9 23.75 7.26 16.12 0.1 16.69 2.33 7.32 12.41 3 5.71 1.72 0.51 335.78 14.08 37.31 37.45 2.7 9.92 38.8 1.99 24.23 85.7 1282.31
1995 14.75 1 5.45 65.08 2.53 135.49 8.56 23.26 198.33 2.74 4.08 2.03 1.71 2.74 22.34 28.93 69.02 52.88 5.62 6.6 37.96 16 17.37 0.1 34.04 2 15.45 9.99 3.16 9.01 1.5r 0.76 321.74 13.97 39.27 35r 3.08 10.4 42.82 2.76 29.83 123.92 1423.27
1996 15.6 0.4 5.57 46.8 3.6 131.53 7.26 15.79 152.09 9.07 2.67 2.42 10.09 20.55 11.96 18.36 55.18 83 4.52 2.7 43.65 22 23.16 0.1r 23.42 2r 6.08 18.32 2.16 4.55 1.24 0.96 375.37 8.46 38.24 33.94 5.19 8.88 51.83 3.62 24.5 110.92 1407.75
1997 20.36 0.5r 5.5r 43.12 5.74 135.9 9.32 18r 175.23 2.35 2.35 3.12 0.3 15r 36.01 13.97 68.96 70.57 5r 1.8 41.09 20r 20r 0.1r 39.02 2.45 15.18 15r 2.5r 6r 1.11 0.9 303 8r 51.79 32.46 5.5r 10.84 49.16 5.52 22.95 95.24 1380.91
97/96, % 130.5 125 98.7 92.1 159.4 103.3 128.4 114 115.2 25.9 88 128.9 3 73 301.1 76.1 125 85 110.6 66.7 94.1 90.9 86.4 100 166.6 122.5 249.7 81.9 115.7 131.9 89.5 93.8 80.7 94.6 135.4 95.6 106 122.1 94.8 152.5 93.7 85.9 98.1
: r
: [140, .139; 141, .134; 142, .131-140; 143, .132-141]
-
(21%),
(8%) –
(12%)
-
, .
1997 . – 8%,
– 38%,
– 26%,
– 18% [109, .104].
«
256
– 10%,
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1998 . 1997 . – 2280 ) [65, .9]. 1997 . ( (31.4), (26.1); (30.0), (9.6),
15820 ):
(82.1),
(1.6) [3, .15].
(
(61.8), (53.9),
1998 .
105.1 . (61 ) 20% – 201.2 , [10, .15; 12, .15; 115, .72, 84]. 1997 . 40.6 , – 962 [7, .14-15]. 80% . , – [6, .15; 10% –
(25.5 35%-
). (
110.7
– 26
)
,
– 13.4
,
,
,
121, .26-28]. . 6.11
6.1-6.4. 6.11
»
(
–
),
« (
,
./ ) (
-
– ./ , » ( ./ ) Metal Bulletin 1994-1999 .)
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1435
1460
1493
1280
1197
1038
1194
1104
959
, ,
-
"
Mn = 99.7% ,
-
1935
1940
1940
1918
1750
1750
98
98
103
101
100
93
267
234
217
909
937
804
455
404
396
735
822
719
433
394
387
, ,
-
"
Mn = 99.9% Mn = 48-50% 0.1%
Mn = 65-75%, Si = 14-25%
"
" -
846
846
871
"
-
-
" Mn = 78% C = 7.5%
769
769
742
"
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
257
«
C = 1.5%
1999 .»
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1262
1277
1297
1330
1350
1999
" 363 "
,
,
.
BHP (
. BHP
),
, , 2.04 . [108, .79].
, Samancor – 1.99 Samancor
1999 .
48-50% Mn, Samancor ( ), , 1998 .
: ,
, 1988 . .
– 1.9 . – 1.81 ., . . , -
2.00
,
-
[65, .8]. 6.11,
,
-
, .
,
–
1999 .
,
,
,
,
-
.
./ 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
1999
"
1999 . ,
, «Metal Bulletin»
2000 .
,
Mn = 99.7%,
.
: 422-0000
./ (
8340-8463)
«
258
3
2000
"
.6.1.
2
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
./ 410 400 390 380 370 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
1999
3
2000
Mn = 65-75%, Si = 14-25% -"
.6.2.
"
1999 . ,
,
«
Mn = 78%
C = 7.5%
2000 . «Metal Bulletin»
./ (
8340-8463)
(99.7% Mn) 1750
»
.
. Mn = 48-50% " 99.2
0.1%
"
-
./ ,
90.89
./ .
./ 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
1999
3
2000 Mn = 65-75%, Si = 14-25% C = 1.5%
.6.3. « 8340-8463)
»
1999 . , ./
2000 . (
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
«Metal Bulletin»
»
259
«
1999 .»
./ 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
1999
2000 -"
.6.4. « 8340-8463)
»
3
Mn = 65-75%, Si = 14-25% " Mn = 78% C = 7.5%
1999 . ,
2000 . (
«Metal Bulletin»
1999 . ,
,
[115, .80].
-
. (
) .
1998 .
, )
( ,
, .
1996 . 1998 . 1999 .
-
.
.
,
. . , ,
.
, ,
-«
»
. «
»
«
260
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
,
«
1999 .»
(
1999 .
2000 . –
28%),
-
1998 . ,
,
. . Elkem/Eramet, BHP Manganes/Samancor,
,
-
1999 . . . ,
– .
,
-
, -
, . , .
1998 . , ,
, ,
,
. 1999 .
«
,
. Cato Ridge Alloys
Advalloy
»
– .
13%. 99.7% Mn. ,
,
1999 .
. 99.9%
.
-
:
2000 .
1997 .
.
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
. 1996. . 1998. . 1998. . 1998. . 1998. . 1998. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 2000. . 2000.
16.
12. 18. 63. 66. 72. 109. 18. 40. 52. 89. 109. 6. 8.
.
, 1987 .43).
;
17.
: 5 . .: , 1991. .5. ,
18. ,
7-10
,
.V
-
1997
, :
, .
., 1997. 19.
. .,
.
.
.
-
.
-
. 1998.
. 2-
.:
./
20. .: . 1999.
, 1984. 15.
. 1998.
4-5. «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
261
«
1999 .»
44.
21. .
-
. 1997 .
1990. 22.
.
23.
. .,
2000 . /
. : .:
. , 1990. ., .
1998 . ., 1998.
1998 . . ., 1999.
.:
46.
,
1999 . / .
.
1986. 24.
. ". 1998.
25.
"
,
26. .
27.
. . 1998, . 1998. . 1999. . 1999.
.
1996.
25.
:
.; ". ., 1995 (
.
"
., 1995. 1997 ". .,
34. "
35. / ., 1999.
,
1998 ".
"
1998 / ". ., 1999. . . 1997. 2. . . 1997. 5.
38.
.
57.
60. 61.
39.
62.
.doc.
1999. H:\
63.
7.02.2000. 40.
.,
. -
)/ .
" .
,
. 1997. :
2 .
.:
65. 66. 67. 68. 69.
7.
, 1980. .1.
43. /
64.
",
1996. 41. 42.
. 1998.
12.
. 1998.
17.
. 1998.
21.
-
.
., 1970.
-
56.
58. 59.
36. "
10.
55. .
.
. 1998.
54.
( 1994 .) / / 1998.
4. -
.1).
33.
. 1998.
53.
.
;
70.
. : . . .: , 1986. African Mining Magazine. http://www.infomone.com/african mining/African Mining h 15 may AutDi.htm. 15.05.1997. African Mining. 1998. V.3, 4. Australia. http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/coun try. 1997. CVRD. http://www.cvrd.com.br. 5.10.1998. Engineering and Mining Journal. 1997. V.198, 3. Engineering and Mining Journal. 1998. V.199, 3. Feller Mining News. http://premium.infomine.com/standard/newsletters/feller/gfmay29 -98. 29.05.1998. Feller Mining News. http://premium.infomine.com/standard/newsletters/feller/gfmar1398. 13.03.1998. Ferro-alloys Monthly. 1999. 80. Metal Bulletin Monthly (MBM). 1998. 330. Metal Bulletin Monthly (MBM). 1999. 339. Metal Bulletin Monthly (MBM). 1999. 340. Metal Bulletin Monthly: Ferro-Alloys Supplement. 1997, November. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8244. «
262
.
93. 8. 24. -
-
.,
,
, 1997. . 1997. . 1998. . 1998.
52.
-
/
.:
48. 49. 50. 51.
3. 1. 6. :
., 1999.
47.
1. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
.; ".
/ , 1967. . 1997, .
.:
-
/ :
, 1998.
.
-
: 01.01.1998
".
37.
-
-
7.
i ./"
-
45.
.
. :
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109.
110.
111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117.
1999 .»
Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8246. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8257. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8259. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8261. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8263. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8277. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8287. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8306. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8325. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8326. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8328. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8332. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8333. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8336. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8337. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8346. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8347. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8350. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8351. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8360. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8365. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8368. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8369. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8373. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8377. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8378. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8379. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8380. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8393. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8396. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8399. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8407. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8412. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8420. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8424. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8436. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1996. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1998. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1998. Manganese. http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/com modity/manganese/110698.pdf. 11.06.1998. Minerals Yearbook 1998. Manganese. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/manganese/420498.pdf. 15.11.1999. Mining Annual Review. 1983. Mining Annual Review. 1996. Mining Annual Review. 1997. Mining Annual Review. 1998. Mining Annual Review. 1999. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.330, 8465. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.330, 8485.
118. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8487. 119. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8491. 120. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8493. 121. Mining Journal Supplement. 1998. V.331, 8501. 122. Mining Journal Supplement. 1999. V.332, 8519. 123. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8475. 124. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8476. 125. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8485. 126. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8492. 127. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8502. 128. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8503. 129. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8509. 130. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8517. 131. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8541. 132. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8542. 133. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8546. 134. Principais depositos minerais do Brasil: En 4 v. Vol.2. Ferro e metais da industria do aco / Coord. Schobbenhaus C.,Silva Coelho S. Brasilia: DNPM, 1986. 135. Sale of EMD plant completed. http://www.bhp.com.au/minerals/manganese.h tm. 13.01.1998. 136. The Mineral Industry of India 1997. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9312097.pdf. 11.03.1998. 137. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1995 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1995. 138. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1996 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1996. 139. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1997 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1997. 140. World Mineral Statistics 1990-94 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1995. 141. World Mineral Statistics 1991-95 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1996. 142. World Mineral Statistics 1992-96 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1998. 143. World Mineral Statistics 1993-97 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1999. 144. Xiang-tan Manganese Mine (XMM). http://chinazone.com/manganese/xmm/. 20.10.1998.
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
263
«
1999 .»
47
15.4
.7.1), 76%
, 9% – 6% – ,
.
. ,
,
, – 0.12%. 505 [27, .3,
)
– 6% ( .3].
[46, .232] 2%,
1/3
,
, ,
20 ,
, ,
, ,
– , ,
,
,
,
,
, ,
,
[132, .Q6]. , ,
–
,
-
,
. 300
27
1.01.1999 .
4.5
. :
92% ,
6% 20
2.6%,
2.5
,
;
–
.7.1).
.
.7.1 45%, [27, .18-21; 54, .31-32; 64, .3], – 45%, – 77%, , [65, .82-84; 132, .Q10], . , , , , ,
, :
,
3%
,
– 12%,
[19, .64; 30, .4-5; 33, 87% – 1%.
.
« » E-mail: [email protected]
[123, – -
,
-
.1; 38, .74-75; 66, .55]. ,
« : 422-0000
-
, ,
, – 0.08% ( [46, .232]
1%, .49]; Cr2O3 [123].
:
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
265
«
1999 .»
7.1 , (%,
,
1.01.1999 . ( –
) ) .
, % 18.4 221.7 40r 0.2 20 0.5 11r 150 1822.1 0.2r 46.5 24.5 135 1r 52 1316 0.2 10 0.5r 2.5r 3 3 0.2r 100 127 0.5 12703.6 0.1r 0.1r 1.5r 0.2r 966 0.1r 11 0.2r 1.5 2.5r 0.1r 0.1r 0.2r 11720 546.2 70 38
3.6 82.7 8.6 0r 3.2 0.5 0r 70.4 555.5 0r 6.5 20.8 124 1 5.2 316 0r 3.7 0.1r 2.5r 2 3 0r 34 36.7 0r 3790.4 0r 0r 0r 0r 140 0r 9.1 0r 1.3 0r 0r 0r 0r 3640r 44.3 20.4 0
0.08 1.85 0.19 0 0.07 0.01 0 1.57 12.41 0 0.15 0.46 2.77 0.02 0.12 7.06 0 0.08 0 0.06 0.04 0.07 0 0.76 0.82 0 84.67 0 0 0 0 3.13 0 0.2 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 81.31 0.99 0.46 0
37.5 ... 32.2 12 18 25 23.5 26 ... 30r 42.4 3.25 31 35r 48 50.2 40 35 35r 44 36 45 35r 37 32r 26 ... 40.5 40.5 30r 38r 45 35r 32 25r 54 44 32r 40.5 25r 37.1 ... 31.3 2.73
«
266
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
. , % 169 29.2 10 230 . 127.5 31.5 2 94 15439.6
.-
0 3.7 3.1 17.1 0.1 0.1 0r 0 4476.7
0 0.08 0.07 0.38 0 0 0 0 100
22.5 21 32 26 ... 39.3 35r 4.5 ...
: r
: [21, .177; 24, .37 ; 27, .3, 18-21; 28, .254; 37, .46; 42, .12; 43, .112-113; 44, .137; 45, .203-204; 46, .232; 54, .31; 64, .3; 65, .84; 68, .77; 103, .9; 123, .49; 127, .239; 128, .7; 131, .4; 132, .Q4, Q6, Q10; 141, .501; 155, .3; 158, .3]
(
2 )
(
)
-
; .
Cr2O3/FeO,
48-55%.
:
,
,
,
,
,
-
, –
Cr2O3 21-37% – .,
,
Cr2O3/FeO
1.5-1.8 ,
. –
,
,
– -
Cr2O3
Cr2O3/FeO. , ,
,
( Cr2O3
.
,
), 39%,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
85%
, -
. ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
, 67
,
,
,
.
[22, .325], [19, .56]. 10-120.
250
480 -
.
,
,
160 , 100
,
,
–
112
,
–
50
.
«
.
: 422-0000
.
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
267
«
1999 .»
–
[66, .57], . , 1200 .
25
,
(
LG6 );
):
(
,
– MG1 ( ), MG4 (
), MG3 (
, ), MG0-MG4 (
UG2,
. . 1.3
1.6 ;
,
(
, 0.5 ).
– 1.0-1.2 ( 1.8 ) [22, .325-326; 67, .37; 69, .34-35; 129, .6-7; 130, .7; 131, .5]. 12 960-1040 [39, .146; 40, .106; 41, .108; 43, .113; 118, .43] 3000-3100 120, .45; 121, .45; 122, .49; 123, .49], , Commodity Summaries , Cr2O3 45%, , – . :
, ); -
–
[272 × 300 272 – 300 – 10.810 – 3 – 3 4 – 28% – 119 –
: sin 10.810 × 3
×4
3
× (100% – 28%)] – 119
.
= 3.64 ,
, -
,
, , , , , 1921-1998 ,
[272 × 1000 1000 – 32% –
[119; Mineral
: sin 10.810 × 3
×4
3
. .7.1:
× (100% – 32%)] – 119
= 11.72
,
, (
),
,
. . – 300
1000
,
. –
,
.
(farms)
, ,
, -
– . ,–
70,
20
.
«
268
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
– :
;
-
, (
, ,–
,
)
25-30%, (friable, fine), 70% [15, .15; 71, .41; 73, .30; 152, .15-17]. 34%,
Cr2O3 – 37% [69, .37], 35.8% 38.9%. -
5%Cr2O3
–
– 39% Cr2O3, 45%– 42%.
37.1% (
.7.1). ,
36% Cr2O3, -
;
Cr2O3 –
42%. 1.5-1.6
1.38
, UG2, – Cr2O3/FeO
-
LG6. 52-55%,
Cr 2O3/FeO , 48% [69, .35]. ( .
UG2, ) (13% )
45-55% [20, .322-323]. ( Cr2O3
(50.2%)
), -
,
; –
, . ,
,
, – (92%)
[24, .37 20 – 1
14% (46
(247
)– »).
–
95% 22 320 (
25
.
; 26, .7; 45, .205; 46, .233; 47, .11; 132, .Q6]. 160 , [31, .59; 51, .59]. . , 78% 316 ) ( « » « ») «40 – »( « « » : – 1540 , 45 ) – 140 [24, .18
]. 2
–
100
,
(
80%)
-
21. : 1.9 Cr2O3 21.2%
5.0
, Cr2O3 35.3%; 13.4 « »
-
Cr2O3 30.6%.
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
269
«
– 91% .
1999 .»
87%
Cr2O3 –
,
( 14.2
, , )
,
-
. [24, .37
]. -
, [24, .8 .10],
]. [76, -
, .
12%
,
. , 1998 . (
Cr2O3
.
.7.1
7.2)
,
, ,–
–
100
,
,
, 55 – 17 .
.
– 42,
– 34,
– 30,
1998 .
– 24,
Samancor Ltd. ,
, Xstrata South Africa (Xstrata SA,
-
, ,
– 53,
-
[132, .Q8]. Sudelektra Holdings SA), 41% Glencor Internationale AG [91, .18;
113, .8; 135, .24; 147, .146], ,
,
( , Kroondal Platinum Mines Ltd., Aquarius Platinum NL, , 45 . 1998 . (298 ). »
) [100, .9; 150, .255]; . UG2 ; 15.2 , « , Xstrata SA [131,
.6; 139, .390-391; 147, .146]. 1999 . Associated Manganese Mines of South Africa Ltd. (Assmang) 26.5
. (163
)
Gold Fields of South Africa (GFSA) .
,
26
;
4 , 40 , ( 700 ) – 200 81, .9; 132, .Q8; 134, .B75; 136, .33; 147, .146].
– 20[15, .15; 46, .233; 62, .75; 67, .31;
«
270
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
,
,
«
»
1998 .
-
, (
300 )
30 600
15-20
; [24, .8
; 46,
.233]. . «
» ,
3 405 ( – 10-15 1999 .
4
. Cr2O3 25.64%) [132, .Q7].
1
4902
–
[29, .69].
: [27, .10, 18-19]; 2 1998 ., -
. 90-
,
.
1998 .
,
[46, .234-235]. 1998 . : , « »– » – -
17
– .
«
»– , ,
«
1998 . –
. »–
« ,
–
-
«
» – [27, .9].
1998 . 62% – ( (21%), (32%); 12% 17% – – : 9% (43 . 1998 .
300
486 , P1). 3/4 (18%)
, (56%)
120
, -
. )– , .
, [27,
.3].
1996 . , 1952-1966
[162, .4].
.
-
1993 .
,
. ; 0.2
Cr2O3
300
1
« 12 , .
Cr2O3 –
». 9.04-25.15%
20-40% – ,
24.1%
40% –
-
.
11 ;
-
. 1999 . [34, .29; 35, .5; 49, .46]. 21 – 2.6
, 475
[48, .23], Cr2O3 [161, .4] «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
271
«
1999 .»
[46, .232] Cr2O3 [49, .46] (
– 23.55%, .7.1). Dragon Mining NL ,
,
.
Cr2O3 -
67
31
3.6%.
,
40
( 12% [45, .208; 128, .3; 130, .4; 132, .Q4; 154, .C3].
) ,
,
-
1.5
.
40% :
[42, .12; 124, .189-
190; 132, .Q5; 138, .301].
. : – 4%;
– 5%
– 49%,
:
– 92%, – 7%. 13% – 1998 . ( . 43%,
28% 14%, 1994-1998
90% – 13%,
– 0.9%. 1994-1998 . – 71%,
– 10%,
–
1998 . – 9%,
-
50%,
–
.7.2).
9%. ,
, [153, .2]. 1998 . , .
,
[24, .37-38
78%. ,
1998 .
, –
65%, ,–
, – 15%,
-
,
(
«
272
,
0.5-1.0 Kaz Chrome Corp.), – (Samancor (Xstrata SA) (Companhia de Ferro Ligas da Bahia S.A. – FERBASA). 1.01.1999 . 90% : – 45%, – 10%, – 9%, – 4% – 3% [132, .17] ). 1995 . – 87% [46, .237]; 1998 . 79-80%.
: (Outokumpu Chrome Oy), Ltd.), , ,
17-18
– 34%, 1%.
-
]
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
7.2 , 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
r
98/97, % r
150 143 151.4 96.7 805.63 850.6 826.99 763.08 222.88 243 236.36 157.2 5r 5r 11.73 12.02 5r 5r 5r 5r 572.75 597.61 573.9 588.86 4378.48 5880.42 4598.19 5555.6 35r 35r 6.3 24 909.08 1536.39 1363.2 1363.05 2.5r 10r 13.3r 2.16r 354.1 371.1 250 169 2076x 2103.1 2416.6 1328 62r 94r 130r 120r 1 1 1 1 61r 55 37 56 6.17 5.3 15.2 17.9 17r 30r 6.24 27.99 790 1250 1279.03 1593 76 111.04 99.47 87.5 7r 7r 0 0 4274 5962.53 5866.52 6559.46 516.8 707.43 697.31 669.76 90.2 106.11 137.21 139.7 25 44.99 15 10 3642 5104 5017 5740 379.79 478.66 445.8 344 359.79 447.96 408.5 300 20 30.69 37.3 44 . 0 0 5.5 18.76 0 0 5.5 18.76 9980.9 13323.61 11839.69 13390.9
130 787 159 12r 5r 611r 5123 35r 1360r 2r 212 1800x 150r 5r 65r 28 29r 1350x 87r 0r 7796 660r 130r 10r 6996x 380 330r 50 20 20r 14236
86.7 103.1 101.1 99.8 100 103.8 92.2 100 99.8 92.8 125.4 86.7 125 500 106.6 156.4 96.7 84.7 99.4 ... 118.9 98.5 93.1 100 121.9 110.5 110 113.6 106.6 106.6 106.3
: r x
: [36, .12; 62, .75; 103, .9; 116, .60; 131,
.15; 132,
.15; 165, .46; 166, .46]
(
80%
) 1995 . : –
– 1996 . – 25%. , , , , . 1998 .),
1997-1998 .; – 20%, ,
. ,
(44% – 11%, 4% . 1994-1998 . – , 35%. 16 ,
– 9%,
–
43%, ,
– 7%,
,
42%, ,
– ,
« .
: 422-0000
,
–
–
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
-
–
5%,
31%, 37%, ,
– ,
»
273
«
1999 .»
,
1994-1998
.
.7.3). 7.3 , 1994
1995
343 691.65 33.76 17.28 2.3 22.65 3.16 120 7.35 3.89 48.56 13.41 253.5 31.7 134.08 1308.67 251.46 7.15 373.3 370 97.59 16.19 192.99 1286.46 182.85 1103.61 146.08 77.11 67.4 1.58 3775.86
1996
354 790.7 42.99 21.66 1.32 51.02 3.77 148 18.33 15.05 62.26 23.25 246.81 26.08 130.17 1682.18 303.54 11.9 511.6 500 94.25 50.45 210.44 1595.14 254.14 1341 176.2 100.97 72.5 2.73 4598.23
r
135 641.37 31.19 25.3 0.81 29.91 3.78 108.9 3.79 9.65 19.9 22.82 236.65 10.56 138.11 1349.05 261.67 10.5 352 423 101.45 6.74 193.69 1721 243 1478 116.73 77.23 36.8 2.7 3963.15
1997 r
1998
247 604.88 31.45 25.86 0.49 11.3 0.46 145.12 5.9 0.95 11.39 9.23 236.65 24.23 101.84 1678.71 286.97 11.45 605.13 480 108.73 0 186.43 2123.39 233.39 1890 174.97 112.27 60.7 2 4828.95
98/97, %
r
203 626.89 29.96 20.88 1.15 11.49 0 170 3.6 0.85 11.72 10.62 230.91 11.77 123.96 1550.37 345.13 13.75 535 424 89.57 0r 142.93 2431.76 246.78 2184.97 132 110r 20r 2r 4944.02
82.2 103.6 95.3 80.8 233.7 101.7 0 117.1 61 89.5 102.8 115 97.6 48.6 121.7 92.4 120.3 120 88.4 88.3 82.4 ... 76.7 114.5 105.7 115.6 75.4 98 32.9 100 102.4
: r
: [52; 131,
.16; 132,
.16; 166, .120-121, 123]
, ,
1994-1998
.
16%. -
79%, ,
,
. ,
80%
– 8%, [132, .17]
–
6%, ). 1995 . – 83% [46, .239];
1.01.1999 . : – 41%, – 4% (
6.3-6.4 – 12%,
-
1998 .
78%. (
)
«
274
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
-
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
,
, , [18, .14; 62, .73; 73, .6; 131,
.4; 132,
134, .B73]. ,
, . Outokumpu Oy
,
,
, .4; , -
; , . , [3, .15; 15, .14; 18, .15; 46, .239; 62, .74; 116, .60; 132, .Q12; 134, .B74]. , ),
(
(
)
(
-
), .
:
,
,
,
, 86% 71% –
, 67%
,
,
, , ,
14% –
(1998 .). –
Outokumpu Oy [46, .239, 245; 132, .Q3; 141, .501].
–
-
. : 86%
1998 . (
,
(
,
)
.
2% [14, .14; 18, .14; 73, .6; 132, – 21%, – 12%,
.1; 163, .57]
16.1-16.4
,
– 44-45%. 1995-1998
150-200 30%, 337 .
.
1993-1998
1994 .) ,– 1998 . 1-
.
. –
24%,
–
,
25%
, 22-
. , 49-45% [45, .217; 46, .245],
, (
)
, . ,
,
-
[123, .49].
1962-1982
.
69
–
119 1983-1998 (
,
8
.
1921 ., 1998 . – 1921-1961 ., 42 50-
-
),
« .
: 422-0000
–
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
275
«
1999 .»
(48-52%)
–
(6-8%,
12-13%) [137, .158]. 2-4
,
25-30
(10-12 ) – 300 ,
, ,
[69, .35; 139, .391]), . – 100-250 .
,
28%
-
[130, .7]. ,
, ,
[67, .37]. ,
– – 6.1
7.0
. 1998 . [62, .74; 134, .B74],
90%
-
. 8.0-8.1 1998 .
. ,
,
2000 . : Samancor Ltd.,
1999 .
-
. 60% Billiton plc.
40% –
Anglo American Corp., Xstrata AG ( Sudelectra Holdings) – Xstrata South Africa, 1996-1998 . Chrome Resources (Pty.) Ltd. Consolidated Metallurgical Industry (Pty.) Ltd. (CMI) [46, .240; 73, .6; 147, .146]. Samancor Ltd. ( ), , , , – ( ), , . , , Samancor Ltd., . 1.25 [72, .19; 132, .Q8]; – 1.13 [147, .146], , – 70-90 [45, .216; 70, .27], . ( ): « » ( ) – 435, « » ) – 340, « » ( ) – 235, « » ( ) – 120; – « » , 80 , 20 [159, .2], . 1998-1999 . 180 33-66 . (200-400 ) Samancor Ltd. [60, .59; 134, .A59; 136, .31]; , 2000 . Samancor Ltd. , , – . , 1996 . , , . « » [45, .212]. , » 1999 .
«
276
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
Outokumpu Oy
520
;
-
. ,
15%-
Samancor Ltd. 1998 . [18, .15; 73, .7; 132, .Q9, Q13]. ) ,
. 20%( Samancor Ltd.
: 75% [45, .213; 69, .41; 117, .73; 147, .146]. Xstrata SA , Xstrata SA
Ltd.
Samancor
,
,
,
.
, , Xstrata SA UG2, 1998 . Lonmin plc., Kroondal Platinum Mines Ltd. [147, .146].
-
Xstrata SA .
-
–
1.1 ) – 420 340
,
(
,
(
)– 400
340
. –
. .
1999 . ;
20-25
,
– 3.3
. (20 ), Xstrata SA ; (1.0-1.05 ) CMI, , Xstrata SA [18, .15; 46, .240-241; 73, .6; 95, .8; 96, .9; 113, .8; 150, .255]. Hernic Ferrochrome (Pty.) Ltd. – – . 130-140 , 1998 . ( ), 130 – . , M0-M4, LG6 . . Outokumpu Oy Titaco. – 350 , – 12.8 .; 1999 ., 2000 . – . ( ) 15% – 67.5 77.5 [18, .15; 60, .59; 62, .73-75; 73, .7, 28-31; 93, .9; 132, .Q9; 134, .A59, B73-75; 147, .146]. Hernic –4 . 1999 . 45% .
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
277
«
1999 .»
400 ; 25 . ) [111, .8]. Hernic Ferrochrome (Pty.) Ltd. ELG Haniel AG ( ) – 16.5%, Nittetsu Shoji ( Nippon Steel) – 11%, – 72.5%. , 11%Nittetsu Shoji Mitsubishi Corp. Hernic , – [114, .9; 131, .7; 132, .Q9]. « » Associated Manganese Mines of South Africa Ltd. (Assmang) – Anglovaal Mining Ltd. – 146-150 ( ). ( ). 1998 . ( ) 350 , 2000 . . (120 ) 300 ; . , 2000 . « » 175 , 31 . (190 ). , 2003 . 275 [15, .15; 18, .15; 46, .233, 241; 59, .10; 60, .59; 67, .31; 73, .7; 81, .9; 132, .Q8; 134, .A59; 136, .33; 146, .82; 147, .146]. 1999 . ASA Metals 50-55 21 . (130 ). – Jilin Iron and Steelworks Chinese Iron and Steel Development Corp. ASA Metals. ( ); (350 ) 2/3: 240 , 150 , . 100110 40 [18, .15; 46, .241; 62, .75; 73, .7, 28-31; 132, .Q8; 134, .B75]. 1999 . Southern Witwatersrand (Sowits) – SA Chrome and Alloys. : Nicor – , Assmang – ; 6.4 . (39 ). 2000 . SA Chrome and Alloys – 300 . , 600 . 42 . (300 ); [105, .9]. : . , , , Bayer AG. (150
«
278
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
Chrome International Co., Bayer SA (Pty.) Dow Chemical Corp. ( ). . 1998 . , 1999 . : 70 , 10-11 45 , ( ) [45, .226227; 46, .247-248; 62, .75; 66, .59; 117, .73; 132, .Q8; 134, .B75; 135, .24]. , . 1997 . 9% : 0.18 1.92 [46, .7.3, 7.5]. ( Ferrostaal ) 0.8 . , ; 985 . (6 ), 1999 ., , . , , , . 3.12 . (19 ) [14, .14; 94, .3]. , . , « » ( ), Samancor Ltd. (33.3%) [60, .59; 134, .A59]. , . 60 – 1938 . ( 49%) 129 , (51% Cr2O3) – 114 [24, .38 ]. 1990 . – 3796 ) 2629 , . 1998 . 2.75 [8, .15], – 1.8 , 32% 1990 . , , ( ), 4 [16, .15], , , – 2.5-2.7 . « », «40 – » [46, .242]. Ltd. ( 133
)
7-8%
[108, .9]. .
KazChrome Corp. ,
-
1 [132, .Q6];
-
2000 .
2.5
.
2000 . ,
100 72 [108, .9]. – .
[18, .15; 73, .9]; 2000 . Millennium 2000 Investment, , Millennium 2000 400 ., ; 1998 . «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
279
«
1999 .»
30%. 1998 .
749 (
289
,
–
460
60
)
– ; – 11% [78, .9; 132, .Q7]. 1997 . Kaz Chrome Corp.
Kazakhstan Mineral Resources Corp. , -
: Trans-World Group (TWG) (KMRC). TWG
,
,
-
.
, , .
,
TWG
, -
1997 . TWG
,
KMRC,
-
[46, .243; 62, .73; 134, .B73]. TWG
2000 . TWG
KMRC. ,
(
),
KMRC ( KMRC
).
TWG [112,
TWG (
),
, .13].
-
, 80% –
[108, .9]. KazChrome 200
.
,
KMRC; 1993-1997
1999 . -
1997 . ., TWG,
, 800
. [93, .9]. 1998 . : .17; 132,
– 13%, : 239 207
–
18%; ,
.17].
,
,
13% [131, -
: . »
1998 .
, 69
37% Cr2O3, ( 130
[27, .
« 1.5-1.6 ); [27, .7; 50, .53-55]. .2]. 1998 . «
-
-
» 8-9
20 ;
, 1996 . ( 1997-1998
, 12
– .
«
280
)
[25, .13, 16; 26, .11, 16; 46, .244].
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
«
1999 .»
1999 . ., 1998 . –
.220],
[7, .15; 29, .69],
1966 . –
1997 . – . [45, » -
« [130, .7]; . ,
(
)
),
(
)
[56, .22];
345-360
.
-
1999 . 80-90 ; [57, .6; 148, .239].
16-20
1996-
1997 . [132, .Q13],
, . –
, [46, .244].
– . – 20, – 31 [132, .Q3,
. , – 25,
, .14].
:
1994-1998 . 50%, Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. (TISCO) ( ) ( ) – 50 60 [132, .Q6]. 1999 .
37%. 250
, –
Shri Vasavi Industrial Ltd. 45
(480
30
160 -
2000 .
) 380-390 Nava Bharat Ferro Alloys Ltd., TISCO ( ), 110 , 45
.17].
–
,
100 1700 [132,
-
.
1998 .
(
. (2
-
– 220
) -
) [79, .10]. ,
. –7 3.1
(1.4
).
, Alloys Corp. Ltd., Ispat Alloys Ltd. [132, .Q6]. ,
, ,
TISCO ,
)
(3.15 – Nava Bharat,
Ferro , -
, [92, .7]. ,
,
. [62, .75; 134, .B75]. Ferro Alloys Corp. Ltd.
,
Jindal Organisation,
«
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
281
«
( – Jindal Ferro Alloys Ltd.) Strips) [46, .245]. Jindal Strips SB Inernational
1999 .»
(
,
63.5
(Jindal -
2000 .
( Bethlehem Steel Corp., . , Jindal Strips
.
) ).
-
,
,
-
– [105, .22].
1998 . : Zimbabwe Mining and Smelting Co. (Pvt.) Ltd. (Zimasco) Zimbabwe Alloys Ltd. (Zimalloys), 55% Anglo American Corp. 31% – Radar Holdings ( ). , . 0.7 ( 70% Zimasco), [62, .75; 134, .B75]. , . Zimasco 200 . Zimalloys ( – 40 ) (45 ). 1998-1999 . , . Maranatha Holdings (Pvt.) [132, .Q10]. , 1999 . Maranatha Ferrochrome (Pvt.) Ltd. 25-30 [18, .15]; . Maranatha Holdings (Pvt.) – Amble Mines (Pvt.) Ltd. . –8 ., 1/4 . Anglo American Corp. Zimalloys 15%Radar Holdings Zimasco. , Anglo American Corp. – Billiton plc., 90 200 . , Zimasco 150 . , Anglo American Corp. Billiton plc. Samancor Ltd. ( ), . Samancor Ltd. Xstrata SA. 360 [100, .9; 104, .11; 107, .7; 149, .1]. , [45, .221]. 1.5-1.8 , Etiholdings A.S. General Management – 150 11 , ; 1994-1998 . 67% [11, .14; 44, .146; 160, .2]. , 1998 . 15% ( .7.2). , , , , «
282
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
«
1999 .»
. (
) IV
34%-
1998 .
.
1998 .
,
-
,
Bifler Madencilik A.S.
Etiholdings A.S. , Dedeman Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. [15, .15; 62, .75; 85, .8; 134, .B75]. [132, .13-14]. Outokumpu Oy, – 5% , – 1.0-1.2 ( 1998 . 575 , 1999 . – 598 ). 580 . (570 ). 2002 ., 2004 . , . 0.5 ; Outokumpu Chrome Oy Cr2O3 40-41% – 1.11.2 – 2 . , 40 , ; : – . [12, .14; 18, .15; 45, .222; 46, .245-246; 63, .22ww-24ww; 105, .19; 108, .22; 130, .4; 131, .4; 132, .Q5; 139, .389; 156, .N1]. Outokumpu Oy 1998 . [135, .24]. Oman Chromite Co. 1994-1998 . – 28 , 1999 . 36 . -2. 600 200 . , [103, .9] .7.1 . Refractories Corp. of Philippines [61, .183; 134, .A183; 157, .CCC1], . Transgulf Industrial Investment Co. 50-52 , 2001 . , . 15 20 ., 80 . 100 , 1998 . , [45, .224; 46, .246; 102, .7; 131, .5]. . 1.01.1999 . 40 , 18% , . , 35% , – 17.5%, – 15% – 7.5% [132, .17]. , (3 ) ,
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
283
«
1999 .»
1997 .
4
[75, .7]. (
4 40%) [130,
London and Scandinavian Metallurgical) (Delachaux) (99.4% Cr) , Elementis Chromium ( – British Chrome and Chemical). 1997-1998 . : London and Scandinavian – 7 ( 75%), Delachaux – 5 7 ( .19; 131, .17; 132, .17]. [2, .15]. 1998 . 8% –
13
14
[131,
.17; 132,
.17].
-
, , 5 1996-1997 . [46, .247]; 1998 . [4, .14], , 1999 . (
,
.14], (99% r) (
1995 . 7 [144, .280]. [99, .6]) [90, .9; 98,
5
[103, .8]. 6.0-7.2 «
1999 . [101, .12].
) ».
.
,
« »» (
« Stock Company Tulachermet), . Eastlink Lanker plc, ». « 800 , 99.95% Cr (
. -
70%
. » — 19.33%
« 13.41%, «
6
« — 15%, « »( ) – 12.5% ) – 8.77% [55, .11]. » (Polema), «
» — 17.77%, » — « «
»
» 1999 . – 57-67% [97, .14].
«
»
ERX-1), 99.9 Cr (ERX-2) 99.4 Cr (EX), 98.8% Cr 98.2% Cr ( PXE-1 PXE-2,
» (Joint « 700) [84,
.16]. [46, .247].
,
1997 . ;
131,
1996-1997 .17; 132,
.
4
,
1998 . –
6
[6, .14; 119,
, ; 1997-1998
.
1
Elkem Metals Co. ( , .
1.2 – 98.3-99.3%. [131, .5, .17; 132, .Q7, .17]. (Elchrome) Elkem A/S) 4.6
, «
284
.19;
.17]. 1997 .
.
: 422-0000
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»
«
1999 .»
, .122; 75, .7]. 1999 . Elkem A/S Eramet [88, .8; 132, .Q2; 151, .337].
,
4
[43,
, , 320-340
1994-1998 . ) . 1998 . 80% – 19%, – 18%, – 16%, Bayer AG) – 8%
( :
– 13%, ( – 7% [132, .17].
;
-
. :
=
+
–
-
–/+
. 1998 . 37%
1994 . – –7%,
1998 . – 12%,
– 9%,
4-5% –
1997 . :
– 6%, –
– , 70% [126, .344],
1983-1992
.–
1997 .
,
, 1998 .
.1; 163, .57]. – – 9%,
– 22%, – 13%, 1998 . 85% ( 1997 . – 94%), ( 1997 . – 78%) [132, , ( 1998 .
2/3 – 8%,
– 7%
,
)
21%, –
,
1999 . – 20% [122, .48; 125, .48], 30%. ) . , 15 10 ,5 – [6, .14; 46, .250]. , 1998 . «
.
: 422-0000
4.4-4.5 0.6-2.0% [14, 1998 . : – 6%.
72% –
(
1998 . 2.5 ,
–
.4].
,
–
,
87% [129, .10].
,
, [46, .249-250];
4.6
20
-
80%.
.14; 18, .14; 73, .6; 132,
1995 . , 2.5
-
).
)
76%; 28.7% (42% Cr2O3)
-
2-3% – , 1994-1998 . 30% (44% Cr2O3), – , 97.5%, ,– -
( .7.2 7.3), 57% [132, .1], 10%(
13.5 , 85% – 43%, – 4%. 80%; . . , 90-
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
285
«
1999 .»
,
-
Boeing ( ). [9, .14; 140, .457; 142, .27; 143, .163]. –
, [23, .363].
., 1998 . 50%. 47%,
1994 . – 18% [5, .15].
– 28%,
7-13% [115, .28; 126, .345; 129, .10; 130, .9-10; 131, .7; 132, .Q13]. ,
(
.
-
),
. –
1994 . , 110 – – 1996 .),
(42%
: 137 42
–
. -
(14%), (13%),
(9%),
, ,
. .48, 54; 129, .10–11; 130, .10–11]. – 66%, .Q13].
(
– 13%,
1998 . – 6%
– 9%, (
.10; 130, .9-10]
7%
[32, -
) :
– 6% [132,
) – 8% 1991-1996 . [126, .345; 129, 5% 1998 . [132, .Q13]; – 3% 1995 . -
1997 . [115, .28; 131, .7]
.
,
.
, 15-20
1
1970-1980 . 10-12 1988-1995 .
1998 . 104
36
[132, .Q13].
(
)
[46, .250-256],
[166, .47-50, 124-141]. ( 1997 . 3.9 7%.
(
12%: .7.5).
– 16%, 3.3 1993-1997 .
80% 1993-1997 : – 29% ( 1997 . – 33%), 12% (14%) [3, .15; 116, .60]. 44% 1992 . 36% 1993 . 30% 1997 .
3.9
.( – 23% (15%),
(
.7.4),
1997
– 11%,
) 8%, 3.6 –
.) – 15% (16%)
– ,
«
286
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
«
1999 .»
,
[45, .221, 228]. ,
, . 22%,
1997 . 13-15% (
1998 .
0.9
7.0
-
[62, .74; 134, .B74]). 7.4 ,
1993
.
1994
1995
1996 r
1997
97/96, %
r
0.06 0.05 ... 90r 89.6 89.2 21.69 22.16 17.27 35r 33.12 51.63 0.95 0.88 0.89 24r ...r ...r 8.04 7.13 9.37 2r 18.87 3.92 5.41 32.86 0.04 550r 347.7 565.83 357.5 147.9 164.6 0.78 1.13 1.75 2.08 2.33 16.55 1029.6 262.71 579.65 3.98 4.71 12.82 25r 35r 40r 140r 128.54 65.25 35.09 37.52 47.46 1.5r 1r ... 55r 60r 37 6.9 4.13 ... 35r 48.81 68.58 9.5r 9.38 14.9 4r 5.8 8.1 w w 0.74 0.37 0.11w 50r 27 0 19.53 70.73 25.88 2.25 1.42 1.26 1032.8 374.21 623.91 60r 98.99 73.59 0.95 1.01 0.68 0.77 0.67 2.06 1147.94 1339.57 1275.98 ... 0.39 8.65 4572.38 3343.86 3864.43
0.04 0.06 83.1 95.6 12.94 18.72 36.13 156.37 1.39 5.71 6.9r 6.3r 11.5 9.54 14.53 1 0.05 0.09 308.27 490.21 73.6 244.3 ... 0.63 1.69 1.82 1279 1256 6.94 4.11 10r 25r 137.8 74.2 16.66 24.21 2r 1.5r 18 54 ... 3.29 28 7.26 3.75 1.07 25 27.8 0.95w 0.9w 0 43 12.77 47.34 0.12 1.03 321.82 601.1 80.7 83.88 1.1 0.69 1.35 1.1 983.66 903.31 0.36 0.32 3480.11 4191.48
... 100.9 77.9 67.8 100.6 ... 131.4 51 0.1 97.2 111.3 155.8 710.3 220.6 272 114.3 214.5 126.5 ... 109.1 ... 51 63.8 49.4 31.1 ... 36.6 89.2 166.7 81.5 67.2 307 95.3 2217.7 115.6
: r w
: [25, .8; 43, .125; 164, .46; 166, .47-48]
,
1996 . ;
83%)
,
, (73, 36% – [66,
, –
.
: 45% 19% – .56]. 87% – 2.92 3.34
, 1996 . ( 1997 . – 90%).
« .
: 422-0000
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»
287
«
,
( .7.5). 22% ( 1997 . – 23%), , , , . 1993-1997 .
,
1999 .»
1993-1997 . – 18% (16%),
– 16% (15%); 3% 8%
87% ( 1997 . – 86%).
-
1998 . –
28%
–
20% [62, .75; 134, .B75]. 7.5 , 1993 8.3 41.73 14.58 24.17 31.9 128.41 0.46 2.24 205.77 0.16 0.35 4.76 143.72 21 618.76 0.45 14.3 29.94 180r 1 59.06 1.56 811 24.6 1.98 83.7 23.97 254.8 8.13 6.37 18.85 30.42 2.9 7.02 0.89 254.13 2 601.63 3665
.
1994 10.3 26.87 14.72 17.16 8.04 151.56 0.88 2.64 172.53 0.08 0.27 5.91 102.37 20.23 651 0.54 5.75 32.86 240r 2.36 26.81 5.6 942 26.5 1.04 133.2 38.4 201.27 7.51 6.99 22.74 ... 4.4 11.11 0.94 374.43 2 664.54 3935.55
1995 12.6 36.4 43.73 28.53 48.05 166.63 1.2 2.41 159.79 0.06 0.72 5.05 204.35 36.99 1380.93 0.48 6.36 47.7 260r 2.83 84.14 2.1 819 67.26 1.25 100.8 71.78 251.36 1.78 9.99 29.7 0.03 6.6 20.05 1.06 294.6 2 607.27 4815.56
1996 12.25 48.16 37.7 22.12 5.35 176.2 1.01 2.23 177.91 1.64 0.51 8.7 123.27 39.76 764.38 0.54 7.7 69.34 220r 1.61 55.2 2.75 360.64 43.2 0.51 66.5 47.5 251.16 6.48 8.18 29.54 14.8 10.7 10.59 1.17 300 3.6 686.45 3619.31
1997
97/96, % r
11.5 55.34 39.39 25.08 14.16 157.91 1r 2.35r 180.31 3.01 0.67 4.46 105.05 33.69 894 0.39 6.18 57.59 290r 2r 50r 1.6 627.3r 15.35 0.49 39.41 50r 303.6 5r 8.85 27.62 69.17 3.74 9.81 1.12 250r 3.13 577.4 3927.66
93.9 114.9 104.5 113.4 264.5 89.6 99.2 105.2 101.4 183.6 131.6 51.3 85.2 84.7 117 71.4 80.2 83.1 131.8 124.3 90.6 58.2 173.9 35.5 97.2 59.3 105.3 120.9 77.2 108.2 93.5 467.5 34.9 92.6 95.9 83.3 86.9 84.1 108.5
«
»
: r
: [53, .11; 166, .49-50]
288
.
: 422-0000
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«
1999 .»
1994-1995
.
1.76 ,
.
-
50% 1995 . ( 70 1996 .
[1, .11]. ), [45, .228; 133, .179]. 1998 . 364 467 [50, .55]. 1993-1997 . » 1995 . ) 1997 . 18%: .7.7).
-
, 70%, –
25% (
–
39%.
.7.6),
–
( 12% 7.6
, 1993 .
15 16.9 11.8 2.96 58.85 2.29 152.8 128.68 0.15 7.25 270r 0.19 129.72 0.6 39.79 70.3 38.22 172.27 9.3 21.61 0.14 92.3 20.4 23.18 93.8 0.35 21.4 25.3 76.27 1w 589.55 1.23 2093.59
1994 34.7 6.86 7.13 6.13 45.12 1.28 196.54 149.02 0.19 1.92 260r 0.77 127 14.2 56.04 52 6.3 190r 34.7 18.66 0.07 102.68 12.1 23.49 125.54 0.32 24.3 3.6 99.94 4.8w 947.64 1.17 2554.17
1995 29.2 15.96 24.34 1.7 50.46 7.92 258.64 152.55 0.23 2.01 417.27 0.99 320.95 82.4 73.52 127.7 14.79 265.37 53.6 20.19 0.08 72.11 0r 24.82 111.98 2.21 25.24 1.5 80 68.1w 1257.85 1.35 3565.03
1996
1997
97/96, %
r
30 21.11 16.37 2.64 51.44 0.54 277.92 208 1.03 4.78 444.07 0.86 98.07 ... 75.8 125r 3r 200r ... 16.81 0.05 94.36 0 ... 105.47 0.7 23.94 2.52 25r ... 1750r 0.92 3580.4
32.4 16.65 11.1 2.95 45.43 1.76 247.56 146.89 0.72 2 282.23 1.01 130.85 11 61.69 119.1 2.26 90r 15r 27.45 0.06 93.85 0 16.73 106.68 0.54 12.61 4 32 29w 1321.71 1.19 2866.41
92.6 126.8 147.5 89.5 113.2 30.9 112.3 141.6 143.1 238.5 157.3 85.1 74.9 ... 122.9 105 132.6 222.2 ... 61.2 86.4 100.5 ... ... 98.9 130.5 189.9 63.1 78.1 ... 132.4 76.8 124.9
: r w
: [77, .11; 128, .6; 130, .6; 165, .126; 166, .124-131]
« .
: 422-0000
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»
289
«
(48.9%)
.
1999 .»
, 1993-1997
1997 .
, – 7.7%,
– 6.3%, ,
. (
.
1997 .
1997 .), (6.1%) 1993-1997 67.5%.
– (13.1%), (5.4%). .
-
.
1993-1997 . : – 5.5%, – 5.4%, – 3.7%, 1993-1997 . 83.4% 1996 . ( 66%) .7.3) 122% ( .7.6). ( .7.7) : (22.9% (11.8%), (7.2%),
40%. – 11.4%, – 3.4%. 62% ,
1993(6.7%), –
73.3%,
7.7 , 1993 7.28 14.55 2.7 . 355.81 11.34 93.6 0.92 0.75 278.63 0.09 1.38 101.56 112.56 45.27 0.81 167.4 0.6r 4.5 72.79 0.52 1.03 0.29 4.62 15r 383.31 0.66 58.95 3.11 139.3 1.28 49.36 1r 1.95 0.5 548.54 2481.94
1994 r
7 22.7 2.87 115.71 15.57 128.51 2.28 0.08 354.66 0.11 5.84 151.32 185.65 55.14 0.76 175.06 14.2r 4.34 64.13 0.66 0.64 0.48 5.06 15r 320.05 1.29 93.55 5.4 236.23 0.69 66.76 4.8r 2.09 1 610.16 2669.76
1995 r
10 19.76 3.03 126.55 6.1 135.11 1r 0.26 444.41 0.22 13.46 150.8 225.77 62.71 0.53 187.3 82.4r 5.86 200.21 0.86 1.66 0.7 11.96 19.1 499.24 2.61 192.57 3.07 260.05 0.81 79.41 68.1r 1.37 1 825.72 3643.69
1996 r
1997
5 22.9 3.34 89.67 6.89 133.54 0.5r 0.28 339.64 0.17 8.13 146.34 184.55 64.55 0.62 204.71 11r 7.52 194.73 0.66 1.13 0.44 9.36 10r 419.65 3.12 196.39 4.84 206.9 0.52 64.88 29r 0.63 1.9 718.57 3092.05
97/96, %
r
5 26.55 3.16 113.04 6.84 118.92 0.5r 0.27r 396.66 0.13 6.5r 188.78 230.01 58.33 0.6 299.31 ...r 6r 150.79 0.69 1r 0.55r 7.5r 5r 388.86 3.1r 285.66 5.05 266.35 0.73 71.08 ...r 0.47 2.1 811.56 3461.09
100 116 94.8 126.1 99.3 89 100 96.1 116.8 74.1 79.9 129 124.6 90.4 96.3 146.2 ... 79.8 77.4 104.2 88.9 125.6 80.1 50 92.7 99.5 145.5 104.5 128.7 140.2 109.6 ... 74.3 110.5 112.9 111.9
: r
: [130, .6; 166, .132-141]
«
290
.
: 422-0000
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»
«
1999 .»
33%,
– 43% ( 78% – 31 1993-1997 . – 20%, – 15% . :
1993-1997 . 3/4 12% – 1997 .), 1993-1997 9%.
+ ) 1997 . – 22% ( .7.9). – 65% – 24 . : – 26% ( – 14%. 60% – 39%, – 10% –
.7.8), ,
7.8 ,
.
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
0.02 0.04 2.34 0.79 0.02 0.09 ... 7.08 0.03 0.4 0.03 2.06 0.01 0.48 0.15 0.01 2.38 0* 1.34 17.24
0.01 0.2 3.26 0.63 0.01 0.05 ... 5.65 0.26 0.85 0.33 4.07 0.02 0.49 0.09 0.03 2.94 0* 1.48 20.39
0.13 0.09 2.86 0.65 0.4 0.02 0.2 10.58 0.53 0.59 0.35 4.19 0.15 0.76 0.19 0.08 3.08 0.13 0.91 25.88
0.18 0.1 3.2 0.5 0.58 0.05 0.12 2.95 0.5 0.38 0.44 5.1 1.58 1.43 0.33 0.08 3.1 0.19 0.54 21.37
1.06 0.7 5.73 1.88 0.8 0.03 0.27 3.74 ... 0.85 0.3r 7.77 ... 2.47 0.39 0.1r 4.13 0.1 0.33 30.64
97/96, % 587.2 675 178.9 376.4 137.5 49 229.1 126.6 ... 221.7 68.6 152.5 ... 172.2 118.5 125 133.1 54 60.1 143.4
: *
,
r
: [166, .47-48]
7.9 , 1993
.
1994
0.15r 0.1 0.28 0.67 0.06 1.44 0.14 0.36 0.29 0.37 0.61 0.22 0.04 0.01 0.27 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.16 6.2 0.05 0.93 0.06
0.16 0.19 0.56 1.32 0.08 1.85 0.15 0.15 0.47 0.46 0.31 0.49 0.05 0.01 1.31 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 6.46 0.09 1.21 0.02
1995 0.14 0.2 0.44 1.4 0.03 1.82 0.23 0.26 0.44 0.36 0.45 0.52 0.53 0.05 0.58 0 0.07 0.19 0.01 7.24 0.13 1.24 0.04
1996
1997
0.16 0.15 0.55 1.18 0.04 1.48 0.17 0.3 0.42 0.41 1.33 0.68 ... 0.05 1.04 0 0.22 0* 0.01 8.27 0.26 0.59 0.14
0.14r 0.61 0.95 1.55 0.04r 1.95 0.15r 0.2 0.63 0.44 1.81 0.75 ... ... 1.32 ... ... ... 0.02r 10.04 0.17 0.92 0.04 «
.
: 422-0000
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
97/96, % 89 415.6 170.9 131.6 90.9 131.8 88.2 66.9 149.4 105.6 136.8 110.8 ... ... 126.9 ... ... ... 153.8 121.4 64.3 156.5 30.1 »
291
«
1999 .»
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
97/96, %
0.13 0.53 0.01 1.57 14.8
0.22 0.46 0.01 2.05 18.19
0.24 0.58 0.03 2.12 19.33
0.11 0.49 0.04 1.95 20.04
0.16 0.56 0.04r 1.97 24.45
137.2 114.6 93 101 122
: *
r
,
: [166, .49-50]
« I IV
»
2000 . (
1995-1996
.
.7.1).
– .
1998 . ( .7.2)
II –
IV
1999 ., . -
1999 ., ,
IV 2000 .
1999 . – 63
,
1 .
: I
4.23
1/3 –
1998 . (99% Cr) – 7.05 ./ ,
, .7.3)
( ; I
1998 ., 2000 .
I
40% –
./ . (
Bulletin» «
.7.1, 7.2, 7.3)
«Metal
»
. (
),
;
– –
–
-
,
(
; ),
–
;
-
99%– 99.4%-
, –
,
,
.
./ 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 I
II
III
V
I
1995
II
III
1996
V
I
II
III
V
I
1997
II
III
V
I
II
1998
III
1999
V
I 2000
, min 42-47% Cr2O3 , min 40-41% Cr2O3 , min 48% Cr2O3 40% Cr2O3 , 40-42% Cr2O3, Cr:Fe=2.5:1 , min 48% Cr2O3
.7.1.
,
./ (
Metall Bulletin)
«
292
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
«
1999 .»
.
Cr
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 I
II
III
V
I
II
1995
III
V
I
II
1996
III
V
I
II
1997
III
V
I
II
1998
, 6-8% C,
III
V
1999
I
2000
60% Cr, max 1.5% Si , 8% C,
60% Cr
, 6-8% C, , 0.1% C,
60-65% Cr, max 2% Si
68-70% Cr
52% Cr 52-55% Cr
.7.2.
, Metall Bulletin)
(
1
./ 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 I
II
III
V
I
1995
II
III
V
I
1996
II
III
V
I
II
1997
III
V
1998
I
II
III
V
1999
I 2000
, min 99% Cr ,
, min 99.4% Cr
.7.3.
,
./ (
Metall Bulletin)
1999 . . 800-950 [57, .33; 58, .37],
38
, 1999 .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
./
, «
.
500
1
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
293
«
13
1999 .»
. 850 25.5-26.8 ./
./ ,
1
. 25
1999 . . –
37-38 005
./ ,
62-65
1
, .7.2), 0.1% –
– 0.05% [55, .67; 56, .62; 57, .59; 58, .61].
,
1999 ., ,
,
-
, ,
.
,
-
( ). 5.9%, 1994-1998 ., [132, .Q13], – 4.8%, XIV 1998 ., 17.5 , 2010 . – 28 ( 4.8% – 2000-2010 .). XV 2000 . .22]. , .14]. – 1998 2001 ., 19
1950-1998 [163, .57] – 4%. ,
2000 1990-2000 1999 . 7.3% 4% ,
5.1%
3.1 –
75%
.
. . [58, [18,
. 2010 .,
7
[67, .31; 74, .11; 82, .9]. 2010 . – 7
[137,
.159]. , ,
, ,
,
. [17, .14; -
18, .14; 45, .233; 46, .257]. , , .
1998 . .
,
III
1998 . , 1997 . [62, .72; 134, .B72],
–
-
3.5%
.
1998 . .
,
. [145, .421].
-
1998 . Samancor Ltd. – Xstrata SA ; 1998 . –
.
1998 .
Assmang 1999 .
«
294
.
: 422-0000
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«
1999 .»
80, .9; 83, .10; 87, .8; 134, .B73]. ( ) 1998 . , [122, .48; 123, .48; 132, .Q2]. 1998 . [86, .7; 89, .13]. 1999 . Samancor Ltd. 150 Xstrata SA – 30 [58, .22]. , Samancor Ltd. « », Hernic Ferrochrome (Pty.) Ltd. – , . IV 1998 . [85, .8], 13% , – , ( – )
[62, .73; Macalloy Corp. 500 , , Xstrata SA –
,
15%. -
, 5%.
III-
1999 . ( IV
). [10, .15], ,
[92, .8].
1999 . – 2000 . -
2000 . –
[17, .14-15; 85, .18]; – Ugine
Krupp Thyssen Nirosta [13, .15; 109, .20].
[110, .8].
,
,
» [58,
« .22; 111, .7]. .
, ,
-
; . (
)
1-2%
; [11, .14; 132, .Q13; 135, .23]. ,
,
2000 ,
, 1995
[58, .22; 106, .18]. .
.
,
, , .
,
, .
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
. 1997. . 1998. . 1998. . 1998.
. 1996. 19. 8. 20. 75.
36.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
. 1998. . 1998. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999.
125. 132. 3. 33. 64. «
.
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
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»
295
«
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
. 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 1999. . 2000. . 2000. . 2000.
1999 .»
36. 37.
75. 109. 110. 125. 128. 10. 14. 39.
. 1996.
3. .
ukr.doc. 28.12.1999. 38.
:
/
:
.
.
.; ., 1999.
". 39.
.,
1991 .) /
. .
.:
.
.
., 1992.
.
., 1993.
.
., 1994. :
40.
, 1982. .,
20.
.;
.,
1992 .) /
.
.:
41.
, 1988.
1993 .) /
21. :
2 ./ . . .: , 1980. . : 5 . .: , 1984. .1. : 5 . .: , 1991. .5. . 1998. 6.
., 22. 23. 24. 25.
42.
.2:
.;
:
. ., 1995 (
".
.,
,
. ;
.1).
43.
( 1994 .) /
. 1997. 26.
27.
. 1999.
.
"
/ 1998.
.
"
1997 ". .,
46.
.
29.
/ 1997.
., 1995. 1996 ". .,
45.
. . 1998.
28.
.
44.
.
/ ., 1999.
. 1999. . . : . .: . 8.
-
/
. , 1990.
,
1998 ".
"
47.
.
. . 1994.
6.
48. 01.01.1996 . , 1996.
30. /
.
/
, "
. ".
49.
., 1984.
01.01.99. ukr99.doc. 23.09.1999.
31. 50.
, / ., .
(
.
/
.; ,
, .
1999.
., 1986. 51.
32.
, /
: " / 1997.
"
".
., . ".
:
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.; ., 1999.
i ./
1996.
. .
35.
.,
.;
: . .;
.
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. 1998.
4.
.,
.; .
, 1999.
i
.: , 1997. . 1996. 36. .,
01.01.1999 .
53. 54.
. ., 1977 ( .-
, . ).
«
296
., 1987.
52.
33.
34.
. .,
"
.
01.01.1999): , .
.
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117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
»
.,
«
55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
1999 .»
. 1999. 9. . 1999. 10. . 1999. 11. . 1999. 12. African Mining. 1998. V.3, 6. Annual Review. Africa. 1999. Annual Review. Asia & Australia. 1999. Annual Review. Steel Industry Metals. 1999. Engineering and Mining Journal. 1995. V.196, 12. Focus on India - Mining. http://www.aspac.kpmg.com/asiasphere/97aug/focus_on_india.htm. 1997, August. Geology and Mineral Resources of Vietnam. 2nd Edition: 2 . / Editor-in-chief Le Thac Xinh; General Department of Mines and Geology. Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Hanoi, 1990. .1. Industrial Minerals. 1998. 366. Industrial Minerals. 1999. 377. Industrial Minerals. 1999. 378. Metal Bulletin Monthly (MBM). 1999. 340. Metal Bulletin Monthly: Ferro-Alloys Supplement. 1996, November. Metal Bulletin Monthly: Ferro-Alloys Supplement. 1997, November. Metal Bulletin Monthly: Ferro-Alloys Supplement. 1998, November. Metal Bulletin Monthly: Ferro-Alloys Supplement. 1999, November. Metal Bulletin Monthly: Stainless Steel Supplement. 1998, August. Metal Bulletin. 1997. 8147. Metal Bulletin. 1997. 8176. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8261. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8294. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8300. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8301. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8311. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8330. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8332. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8335. Metal Bulletin. 1998. 8338. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8345. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8346. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8351. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8352. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8366. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8367. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8373. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8379. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8385. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8396. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8397. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8406. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8408. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8412. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8417.
101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115.
116. 117. 118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124. 125.
126. 127. 128.
129.
Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8426. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8430. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8431. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8433. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8436. Metal Bulletin. 1999. 8438. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8439. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8446. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8447. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8449. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8454. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8456. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8463. Metal Bulletin. 2000. 8464. Metal Prices in the United States through 1998. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/metal_ prices/metal_prices1998.pdf. 5.10.1999. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1997. Metals and Minerals Annual Review. 1998. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1995. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180396.txt. 1996. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1996. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180397.txt. 1997. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1997. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180397.pdf. 1997. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1998. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180398.pdf. 1998. Mineral Commodity Summaries 1999. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180399.pdf. 1999. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2000. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180300.pdf. 6.03.2000. Mineral Deposits of China: 5 . Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1995. .3. Mineral Industry Surveys. Chromium. November 1999. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/18001199.pdf. 4.02.2000. Minerals Yearbook 1992. V.1., [1994]. Minerals Yearbook 1993. V.1., [1995]. Minerals Yearbook 1994. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180494.pdf. 1994. Minerals Yearbook 1995. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180495.pdf. 1995. «
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297
«
130. Minerals Yearbook 1996. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180496.pdf. 1996. 131. Minerals Yearbook 1997. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180497.pdf. 1997. 132. Minerals Yearbook 1998. Chromium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/chromium/180498.pdf. 27.01.2000. 133. Mining Annual Review. 1996. 134. Mining Annual Review. 1999. 135. Mining Engineering. 1999. V.51, 6. 136. Mining Journal Supplement. 1999. V.332, 8515. 137. Mining Journal. 1997. V.329, 8443. 138. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8476. 139. Mining Journal. 1998. V.330, 8480. 140. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8509. 141. Mining Journal. 1998. V.331, 8512. 142. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8514. 143. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8521. 144. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8527. 145. Mining Journal. 1999. V.332, 8534. 146. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8542. 147. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8545. 148. Mining Journal. 1999. V.333, 8550. 149. Mining Journal. 2000. V.334, 8564. 150. Mining Journal. 2000. V.334, 8576. 151. Mining Journal. 2000. V.334, 8580. 152. South African Mining, Coal, Gold and Base Minerals. 1997. 7. 153. The Mineral Industry of Albania 1996. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9401096.pdf. 1997. 154. The Mineral Industry of Australia 1997. M:\ \Country-97\australia97.pdf. 11.03.1999.
1999 .»
155. The Mineral Industry of Brazil 1997. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9504097.pdf. 1.07.1999. 156. The Mineral Industry of Finland 1997. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9413097.pdf. 26.04.1999. 157. The Mineral Industry of Oman 1997. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9230097.pdf. 20.05.1999. 158. The Mineral Industry of Phillppines 1997. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9326097.pdf. 2.12.1998. 159. The Mineral Industry of South Africa 1996. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9235096.pdf. 1997. 160. The Mineral Industry of Turkey 1997. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9241097.pdf. 15.09.1999. 161. The Mineral Industry of Ukraine 1995. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9443095.pdf. 25.02.1997. 162. The Mineral Industry of Ukraine 1996. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country /9443096.pdf. 24.07.1998. 163. World Metal Statistics Year Book 1999 / World Bureau of Metal Statistics. Ware, 1999. 164. World Mineral Statistics 1991-95 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1996. 165. World Mineral Statistics 1992-96 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1998. 166. World Mineral Statistics 1993-97 / British Geological Survey. Keyworth, Nottingham, 1999.
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«
1999 .»
( 95
,
)
.
– .
-
, . ,
,
. , 34.6%
.8.1). – 9.1%, 3%.
– 8.9%,
56
,
98.2 ,
– 6%,
– 5.6%,
– 4.2%, . (
71% 90% 18
, , (10.7%),
– 3.4%), 1.9%),
(
62.6 . (33.4%
[35, .69 (9.7%) ( 3.3%), 1.6%).
(4.6%), ( 3.2%),
– .8.1),
, -
), – ( 85%
. ,
1.1%. 1.01.1999 . (
)
Al2O3
8.1 (%) .
.
.
, %
800r 2648 10 18r 300r 30r 1300 500 100r
670r 1864 3r 15r 273r 26 1000r 107 90
1.1 3 0 0 0.4 0 1.6 0.2 0.1
.
, %
380r 1197 1 12 203r 20 650 63 64 «
.
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1.3 4.1 0 0 0.7 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.2
46 ... 52 40 56 50 55 53 64 »
299
«
1999 .»
. . 50r 50r 55r 35r 200r 19171 5941 5500 2500 80r 500r 2500r 300r 150r 300r 800 600 46800 115r 6r 1000 200r 34000 710 15r 3000 2000 400r 230r 4100 74r 700 200r 50r 19950 9000 2450r 350r 1500r 200r 1000r 200r 2500 300r 150r 2300 8864 8711 48r 28r 60r 17r 98233
.
.
. .
, % 50 50 53 33r 165r 10211 1000r 2911 2123r 80 355 2104 270r 150 213 490 515 28853 115 6r 800 200r 20900 205 15 2046 1210r 344 230 2000 74 501 200 7 14128 6060r 940r 300r 1200 182 775r 160 2086 297 112 2016 6863 6710r 48 28 60 17 62589
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 16.3 1.6 4.7 3.4 0.1 0.6 3.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.8 46.1 0.2 0 1.3 0.3 33.4 0.3 0 3.3 1.9 0.5 0.4 3.2 0.1 0.8 0.3 0 22.6 9.7 1.5 0.5 1.9 0.3 1.2 0.3 3.3 0.5 0.2 3.2 11 10.7 0.1 0 0.1 0 100
.
, %
5 19 13 25r 123r 4447 351 1337 923r 22 100r 720 100r 74 102 310 408 11896 45 0 450r 19 7400 16 2 1628 812 100 29 1200 18 170 0r 7 8203 3898 320 55 700 30 380 150 575 20 75 2000 3111 3024 12 19 50 6 29234
0 0.1 0 0.1 0.4 15.2 1.2 4.6 3.2 0.1 0.3 2.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.4 40.7 0.2 0 1.5 0.1 25.3 0.1 0 5.6 2.8 0.3 0.1 4.1 0.1 0.6 0 0 28.1 13.3 1.1 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.3 0.5 2 0.1 0.3 6.8 10.6 10.3 0 0.1 0.2 0 100
51 38 53 56 56 ... 41 47 47 41 44 61 54 46 58 51 43r ... 49 57 47 46 52 40 52 47 43 43 43 44 58 55 60 57 ... 51 50 49 57 47 40 43 58r 56 49 47r ... 48 37 43 48 47 ...
: r
: [15, .155; 17, .53; 33, .54; 34, .43, 63; 37, .1, 49; 38, .156-157; 39, .114; 40, .118, 131-132; 41, .130-132; 44, .154; 57, .292; 69, .81, 88, 91; 70, .155, 179, 182-183, 198; 71, .125; 72, .198; 73, .47; 75, .2; 80, .8; 152, .29; 153, .33; 158, .1, 8, 20, 24; 208, .115]
«
300
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«
1999 .»
54 18 , 70%
,
,
,
:
(
17
,
90%
-
. ,
, . . [24, .10-13; 25, .17] ( .8.2) , .
,
-
-
). .
-
, ,
-
. 8.2 -
: -
,
, )
(65%)
:
,
)
-
)
: (
,
,
, (
,
,
); , ,
, :
,
(
) ,
, )
,
-
:
-
, ,
) : ,
,
-
, ); (
-
,
,
(
(20%)
)
:
(
) :
(
) :
,
,
); );
, , (
.
)
: ,
,
,
-
) :
« .
: 422-0000
« » E-mail: [email protected]
117463 225 http://www.mineral.ru
(
)
»
301
«
1999 .»
-
: (
)
-
) :
,
(5%)
-
) :
, -
, (
,
) ,
: ,
,
-
,
(
) :
-
, ,
) :
-
, ,
,
(
)
:
,
,
, ( (
-
) ,
: ,
-
) : (
-
) :
-
-
(
) :
-
( :
)
) -
-
,
-
, ,
-
(
)
:
, -
,
,
,
,
(10%)
, ;
,
, ,
,
) : ,
(
) :
, (
)
: (
) :
, ,
, :
)
«
302
.
: 422-0000
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»
«
1999 .»
-
-
: ); ,
(
(10%) : [24, .10-12] (
)
, ,
.
10-
,
40 ,
( ), – 50-60%,
( – 1-3%)
: .
[25,
.27-36]. ,
, ,
,
. . ;
-
. , (0.3-15
.
2
)
(2-28 ), .
-
,
,
,
, ,
.
Al2O3 – 47-
:
62%, SiO2 – 1-10% [25, .48-56]. ,
-
. (
); 54%, SiO2 – 16-30% [25, .61-77].
1-16 , (
Al2O3 – 47-
).
, Al2O3 – 24-50%, SiO2 – 5-16% [18,
; .133-135; 25, .91-99].
, (
-
) (
). ,
– 5-7 ,
– – 68-72% 0.1-4%, 10-12 .
. Al2O3 – 52-56%, SiO2 – 1-6% ( )
– [25, .105-
,
« .
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»
303
«
1999 .»
119].
, [25, .123-127]. . ( ), [16, .72-82].
640 [45, .5-29] – . Al2O3
,
, -
100 13
48%. 10 – 190
).
, – 250 , Al2O3 – 62-69%, SiO2 – 40 ) [18, .18].
2
( (18-24 ,
1%) ,
300
.
-
, [69, .80]. (
,
)
,
,
(
) –
,
[62, .124]. 800 )
( – 2400
(
– 1700
, – 1600
,
.
) ,
.
, ,
.
,
. ,
340
. -
, 80% : ,
370
(
– 2700
, (230
) –
70
– 1400 ).
),
(500
(200
-
)
.
(
)
. , , [51, .6-22; 158].
68
. -
, . ; . ,
-
. . . :
«
»
.
, 30 38 .
8 . –
3
10 .
«
304
.
: 422-0000
-
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»
«
1999 .»
[25, .120-123]. 160
(
).
. 44% Al2O3, 3.2% SiO2, 23% Fe2O3, 4.5%TiO2.
– 7-10 . ,
, 1000
200
, [69, .79; 193, .152].
, 3037
. 174, .137].
-
[35, .417; 163, .37; (
1)
.8.3) [208, .108-117]:
– ,
, (
)
12 –
70-
, ,
– ,
; 2)
,
(
–
(
); 3) , (
,
-
)
,
–
( ) ); 4) ,
(
-
); 5) (
,
). 8.3 , % , ,
-
Al2O3
SiO2
Fe2O3
TiO2
2100 400
10-16 0.5-4
42-46 40-50