This book presents an updated overview of the human occupation process of the Southern Central Pyrenees during the Neoli
144 69 75MB
English Pages [314] Year 2018
Table of contents :
Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations Used in the Figures
1. Introduction
2. Theory and Methods
3. Cueva de Chaves
4. Espluga de la Puyascada
5. Cova de Els Trocs
6. Cova del Sardo de Boi
7. Synthesis
8. Conclusions
Bibliography
Annex I
Annex II
BAR S2905 2018
2018
Niccolò Mazzucco is a post-doctoral fellow at the Archaeology of Social Dynamics (ASD) research group of the Milá y Fontanals Institution (IMF) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). He is specialised in the use-wear analysis of flaked stone assemblages. His research focuses on the Mesolithic and Neolithic societies in the Mediterranean area and on their economic and technological organisation.
‘This is, to date, one of the best works based essentially on lithic use-wear analysis, intelligently integrated with a large dataset, to analyse the function and the economic complementarity of the sites, the organization of the territories and the mobility systems.’ Dr Bernard Gassin, Université Toulouse II Jean Jaurès ‘This work will be of great interest for researchers working on mountain adaptation and mountain human–environment dynamics, but also for all scholars working on the Neolithization process, especially in France and Spain.’ Prof. Stefano Grimaldi, Università degli Studi di Trento
The Human Occupation of the Southern Central Pyrenees in the Sixth–Third Millennia cal BC
This book presents an updated overview of the human occupation process of the Southern Central Pyrenees during the Neolithic. Data obtained from the analysis of the lithic assemblages from four sites (Cueva Chaves, Espluga de la Puyascada, Cova de Els Trocs, Cova del Sardo) located at different altitudes (600–1800 m a.s.l.) are presented. Integrating the study of the lithic raw-material provenance with technological and usewear analysis of the flaked stone tools, this book provides insights into the economic and mobility patterns of the first Neolithic settlers. The data obtained allow discussion of the occupation dynamics of the mountainous areas and the development of the first agricultural and herding practices between the Early and the Late Neolithic (6th–3rd millennia cal BC).
MAZZUCCO
B A R I N T E R NAT I O NA L S E R I E S 2 9 0 5
The Human Occupation of the Southern Central Pyrenees in the Sixth–Third Millennia cal BC A traceological analysis of flaked stone assemblages
NICCOLÒ MAZZUCCO
B A R I N T E R NAT I O NA L S E R I E S 2 9 0 5
2018
The Human Occupation of the Southern Central Pyrenees in the Sixth–Third Millennia cal BC A traceological analysis of flaked stone assemblages
NICCOLÒ MAZZUCCO
B A R I N T E R NAT I O NA L S E R I E S 2 9 0 5
2018
by Published in BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR International Series The Human Occupation of the Southern Central Pyrenees in the Sixth–Third Millennia cal BC © Niccolò Mazzucco View from the National Park of Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici, Southern Central Pyrenees (N. Mazzucco). UK Copyright, The Author’s moral rights under the Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reser ved. No par t of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any for m of digital for mat or transmitted in any for m digitally, without the written per mission of the Publisher.
ISBN 9781407316611 paperback ISBN 9781407345437 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407316611 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
BAR titles are available from: BAR Publishing Banbury Rd, Oxford, [email protected] + ( ) + ( ) www.barpublishing.com
,
$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV 7KLVZRUNZDVIRXQGHGE\WKH-$(3UHGRFVFKRODUVKLSSURJUDP\HDU RIWKH6SDQLVK 1DWLRQDO5HVHDUFK&RXQFLO&6,& UHDOL]HGDWWKH0LOjL)RQWDQDOV,QVWLWXWLRQRI%DUFHORQD,0) 7KHUHVHDUFKZDVFDUULHGRXWDVSDUWRIWKHUHVHDUFKJURXS³$UFKDHRORJ\RIWKH6RFLDO'\QDPLFV´ RIWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI$UFKDHRORJ\DQG$QWKURSRORJ\RIWKH,0)0RUHRYHUWKHDXWKRULVPHPEHU RIWKH&RQVROLGDWHG5HVHDUFK*URXSRIWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI&DWDORQLD³$UFKDHRORJ\RIWKHVRFLDO UHVRXUFHV DQG WHUULWRU\ PDQDJHPHQW ±$*5(67 ´ DQG RI WKH UHVHDUFK JURXS ³+LJK 0RXQWDLQ$UFKDHRORJ\±*$$0´ 7KLV UHVHDUFK LV WUXO\ WKH UHVXOW RI WKH H൵RUWV RI PDQ\ SHRSOHV WKDW KHOSHG DQG JXLGHG PH WKURXJKRXWWKHHQWLUHOHQJWKRIP\WKHVLV,ZDQWWRDFNQRZOHGJHWKHLUZRUNDQGWKDQNWKHPIRU WKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQVPRVWQRWDEO\P\3K'DGYLVRUV,JQDFLR&OHPHQWH&RQWHDQG-XDQ)UDQFLVFR *LEDMD7KHLUKHOSLQVLJKWDQGHQFRXUDJHPHQWVZHUHQHYHUPLVVLQJPRUHRYHUWKH\WDXJKWPH PXFKPRUHWKDQMXVWWKHFRQFHSWVRI8VH:HDUDQDO\VLV7KH\RSHQHGWRPHQHZSHUVSHFWLYHV RQ WKH VWXG\ RI SDVW VRFLHWLHV DQG R൵HUHG PH QHZ RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR JURZ DV DUFKDHRORJLVW DQG SURIHVVLRQDO $VSHFLDOWKDQNVJRHVWRWKH/LWRWHFDGH5RFDVLOtFHDVGH&DWDOXQ\D/LWR&DW WR;DYLHU7HUUDGDV DQG'DYLG2UWHJDERWKKDYHSOD\HGDIXQGDPHQWDOUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVUHVHDUFKIRU DOOFRQFHUQLQJUDZPDWHULDOSURYHQDQFHDQDO\VLVEXWQRWRQO\7KH\LPSURYHGP\DSSURDFKDQG WKLQNLQJRQPDQ\LVVXHVUHODWHGWROLWKLFDQDO\VLVDQGPRUHLQJHQHUDOVFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFK ,ZRXOGDOVROLNHWRZDUPO\WKDQNDOOWKHIULHQGVDQGFROOHDJXHVRIWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI$UFKDHRORJ\ DQG$QWKURSRORJ\DQGWRDOOWKHSHRSOHZRUNLQJDWWKH0LOjL)RQWDQDOVLQVWLWXWLRQIRUSURYLGLQJ DIULHQGO\DQGVWLPXODWLQJZRUNHQYLURQPHQW ,Q WKH VDPH ZD\ , ZLVK WR WKDQN WKH 3UHKLVWRU\ 'HSDUWPHQW RI WKH 8QLYHUVLWDW$XWzQRPD GH %DUFHORQDIRU WKHLU DLG DQG VXSSRUW WKURXJKRXW DQG EH\RQG WKH WKHVLV HVSHFLDOO\ 0DULD 6DxD 0LTXHO0ROLVWDQG;DYLHU&ORS$VSHFLDODFNQRZOHGJPHQWIRUKLVFRQWLQXRXVWUXVWDQGPRVW YDOXDEOHHQFRXUDJHPHQWLVGXHWR(UPHQJRO*DVVLRW , ZRXOG DOVR OLNH WR WKDQN 0DQXHO 5RMR RI WKH 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 9DOODGROLG 9LFHQWH %DOGHOORX DQG-XOLR5DPyQRIWKH0XVHRGH+XHVFD)XUWKHUPRUH$QQHORXYDQ*LMQRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI /HLGHQ'LGLHU%LQGHURIWKH&156&(3$0DQG-XDQ-RVp,EixH]RIWKH,0)&6,&IRUDFWLQJDV FRPPLWWHHPHPEHUVDQGIRUWKHLUWKRXJKWIXOFRPPHQWV
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t ,QWURGXFWLRQ *HQHUDO,QIRUPDWLRQ 0DWHULDOV 7UDFHRORJLFDO$QDO\VLV )LQDO5HPDUNV 6\QWKHVLV 7HFKQRORJLFDO2UJDQL]DWLRQDQG0RELOLW\3DWWHUQVLQWKH&HQWUDO3\UHQHHVLQ7KLUG6L[WK0LOOHQQLDFDO%& /LWKLF7RROVDQG6HWWOHPHQW2UJDQL]DWLRQLQWKH&HQWUDO3\UHQHHV +XPDQ2FFXSDWLRQVRI0RXQWDLQ(QYLURQPHQWV$'LDFKURQLF9LHZ &RQFOXVLRQV %LEOLRJUDSK\ $QQH[, $QQH[,, Y
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൵HUHQWW\SHVRIZHDUV )LJa *HRJUDSKLFDOIUDPHZRUNRIWKHVLWHb 6LWHORFDWLRQRQPDS7KHUHGVWDULQGLFDWHVWKHH[DFW SRVLWLRQRIWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVc 3KRWRRIWKHFDYLW\HQWUDQFH )LJa 6HFWLRQRIWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVb 7RSRJUDSKLFSODQRIWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHV )LJ6WUDWLJUDSKLFDOVHFWLRQRIWKH'DQG(VTXDUHVIURPWKHH[FDYDWLRQV )LJ6WUDWLJUDSKLFDOVHFWLRQRIWKH$DQG%VTXDUHVIURPWKHH[FDYDWLRQV )LJ6WUDWLJUDSKLFDOVHFWLRQRIWKHWUHQFKVTXDUHIURP%WR*IURPWKHH[FDYDWLRQV )LJ7RSRJUDSKLFDOSODQRIWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVH[FDYDWLRQV )LJ0RGHORI6HTXHQWLDO3KDVHV0XOWLSOHSORWRI&'DWHVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE )LJ6HOHFWLRQRIPDWHULDOVIURPWKHFHUDPLFDVVHPEODJHRIWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHV1,EH[FDYDWLRQ )LJ0DLQW\SRORJLFDOJURXSVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH )LJ'LJLWDO7HUUDLQ0RGHOZLWKWKHSULQFLSDOIRUPDWLRQVFRQWDLQLQJFKHUWLQWKHUHJLRQ )LJ0LFURDQGPDFURVFRSLFSKRWRJUDSKVRIFKHUWW\SHVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVDVVHPEODJH )LJ6HOHFWLRQRIPDWHULDOVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH )LJ6RPHH[DPSOHVRIWKHPHFKDQLFDODOWHUDWLRQVREVHUYHGDPRQJWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVDVVHPEODJH )LJ6RPHH[DPSOHVRIWKHFKHPLFDODOWHUDWLRQVREVHUYHGDPRQJWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE ± )LJa) 6LFNOHVZLWKSDUDOOHOLQVHUWLRQIURP/D'UDJDVHWWOHPHQW )LJ8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE )LJ%DVNHWU\WDVNV )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE ± )LJ%\SURGXFWVRIDQWOHUERQHDUWHIDFWVSURGXFWLRQIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE )LJ%RQHDQGDQWOHULQGXVWU\IURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE )LJ8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE
YL
List of Figures )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE ± )LJa *HRJUDSKLFDOIUDPHZRUNRIWKHVLWHb 6LWHORFDWLRQRQPDS )LJ3ODQRIWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGDUHDOL]HGE\WKH*UXSG¶$UTXHRORJLDG¶$OWD0XQWDQ\D )LJ6WUDWLJUDSKLFVHFWLRQRIWKHVXUYH\V )LJ0XOWLSOHSORWRI&'DWHVIURPWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGD )LJ&HUDPLFDVVHPEODJHIURPWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGDOHYHO( )LJ$UFKDHRORJLFDOPDWHULDOVRIWKH(VSOXJDGHO3X\DVFDGD )LJ7\SRORJLFDOFODVVL¿FDWLRQRIWKHOLWKLFDVVHPEODJHRIWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGD )LJ0DFURVFRSLFSKRWRVDW[PDJQL¿FDWLRQRIWKHOLWKLFPDWHULDOVRIWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGD )LJ'LJLWDO7HUUDLQ0RGHOZLWKWKHSULQFLSDOIRUPDWLRQVFRQWDLQLQJFKHUWLQWKHUHJLRQ )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGD ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGD ± )LJa *HRJUDSKLFDOIUDPHZRUNRIWKHVLWHb 6LWHORFDWLRQRQPDSc 3KRWRRIWKHH[FDYDWLRQDUHD )LJa +DUULV0DWUL[RIWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVSKDVHV,,,, )LJa 9LHZRIWKHFDYHVXUIDFH )LJ0RGHORI6HTXHQWLDO3KDVHV )LJ&HUDPLFDVVHPEODJHIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV )LJ6RPHRIWKHPDLQW\SRORJLFDOJURXSVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVDVVHPEODJHSKDVHV,,,, )LJ'LJLWDO7HUUDLQ0RGHOZLWKWKHSULQFLSDOIRUPDWLRQVFRQWDLQLQJFKHUWLQWKHUHJLRQ )LJ0DFURDQGPLFURVFRSLFSKRWRJUDSKVRIWKHPDLQFKHUWW\SHVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVSKDVHV,,,, )LJ6HOHFWLRQRIPDWHULDOVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJHSKDVHV,,,, )LJ6RPHH[DPSOHRIWKHDOWHUDWLRQVREVHUYHGDPRQJWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVSKDVH, ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV3KDVH, ± )LJ&HUDPLFIUDJPHQWVZLWKGL൵HUHQWW\SHVRISHUIRUDWLRQVIURPWKH(OV7URFVDVVHPEODJH )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV3KDVH, ± )LJ8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV3KDVH, )LJ5HVLGXHVIURPDQH[SHULPHQWDOWRROXVHGIRUKDUYHVWLQJZLOGSODQWV )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV3KDVH,, ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV3KDVH,, ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV3KDVH,,, ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV3KDVH,,, ± )LJ6WHUHRSKRWRV; RIWKHEODFNLVKEURZQLVKVSRWVREVHUYHGRQWKHDQDO\VHGWRROVDQG)7,5DQDO\VLV RIVDPSOHVIURPWKHVHOHFWHGWRROVIURPWKH7URFV,,,OHYHO )LJa *HRJUDSKLFDOIUDPHZRUNRIWKHVLWHb 6LWHORFDWLRQRQPDSc 3KRWRRIWKHURFNVKHOWHU )LJ3ODQRIWKH&RYDGHO6DUGRGH%RtUHDOL]HGE\WKH*UXSG¶$UTXHRORJLDG¶$OWD0XQWDQ\D )LJ0RGHORI6HTXHQWLDO3KDVHV
YLL
The Human Occupation of the Southern Central Pyrenees )LJ$UFKDHR]RRORJLFDODVVHPEODJHRIWKH&RYDGHO6DUGR )LJ0DLQW\SRORJLFDOJURXSVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&RYDGHO6DUGRDVVHPEODJH )LJ0DFURDQGPDFURVFRSLFSKRWRJUDSKVRIWKHPDLQUDZPDWHULDOVIURPWKH&RYDGHO6DUGRDVVHPEODJH )LJ'LJLWDO7HUUDLQ0RGHOZLWKWKHSULQFLSDOIRUPDWLRQVFRQWDLQLQJFKHUWLQWKHUHJLRQ )LJ6HOHFWLRQRIPDWHULDOVIURPWKH&RYDGHO6DUGROLWKLFDVVHPEODJH )LJV±6RPHH[DPSOHVRIWKHPHFKDQLFDODOWHUDWLRQVREVHUYHGDPRQJWKH&RYDGHO6DUGROLWKLFDVVHPEODJH± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGHO6DUGR3KDVH ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGHO6DUGR3KDVH ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGHO6DUGR3KDVH ± )LJV±8VHZHDUVIURPWKH&RYDGHO6DUGR3KDVH ± )LJa 6FDWWHUGLDJUDPRIWKH6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLVIRUWKHYDULDEOH6,7(B3+$6(b 6FDWWHU GLDJUDPRIWKH6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLVIRUWKHYDULDEOH5$:B0$7c 6FDWWHUGLDJUDPRIWKH6LPSOH &RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLVEHWZHHQWKHWZRYDULDEOHV )LJa 6FDWWHUGLDJUDPRIWKH6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLVIRUWKHYDULDEOH6,7(B3+$6(&XHYDGH &KDYHVH[FOXGHG b 6FDWWHUGLDJUDPRIWKH6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLVIRUWKHYDULDEOH5$:B0$7c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¿HGYDOXHVRIHDFKYDULDEOHIRUHDFK VLWHSKDVH )LJ6FKHPDWLFUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHYDULDWLRQRIWKHHFRQRPLFSURFHVVHVLQUHVSHFWRIWKHDOWLWXGLQDOIDFWRU )LJ$QGRUUDQ1HROLWKLFRSHQDLUVLWHV )LJ6XPPHGSUREDELOLW\SORWVRIUDGLRFDUERQGDWDIURPWKH&HQWUDODQG(DVWHUQ3\UHQHHV )LJ6XPPHGSUREDELOLW\SORWVRIUDGLRFDUERQGDWDRIDUFKDHRORJLFDOVLWHVIURPWKH&HQWUDODQG (DVWHUQ3\UHQHHV )LJ6FDWWHUSORWRI&GDWHVXVLQJWKHLUPD[LPXPDQGPLQLPXPYDOXHVDWVHSDUDWHGRQWKHEDVLVRI WKH¿YHFOXVWHUVLGHQWL¿HG )LJ&RPSDULVRQRIWKH$UFKDHRORJLFDOVXPPHGSUREDELOLW\SORWDQGWKUHHVXPPHGSUREDELOLW\SORWV REWDLQHGZLWKUDQGRPO\JHQHUDWHGGDWHV )LJ'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVLWHVEHWZHHQDQGFDO%& )LJ'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVLWHVEHWZHHQDQGFDO%& )LJ'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVLWHVEHWZHHQDQGFDO%& )LJ'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVLWHVEHWZHHQDQGFDO%& )LJ'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVLWHVEHWZHHQDQGFDO%&
YLLL
/LVWRI7DEOHV 7DE&'DWHVIURP&XHYDGH&KDYHVOHYHOE 7DE5DZPDWHULDOVFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE7HFKQRORJLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHV 7DE,QWHUSUHWDELOLW\RIERWKWKHXVHZHDUVDQGQRQXWLOLWDULDQWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHV OLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE&RPSRVLWLRQRIXVHZHDUWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&XHYDGH&KDYHVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQMovementDQGWorked Materials 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQBlank typeDQGWorked Materials 7DE&'DWHVIURP(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGD 7DE7\SRORJLFDOFODVVL¿FDWLRQHVVHQWLDOVWUXFWXUHIURP/DSODFH RIWKHOLWKLFPDWHULDOVRIWKH(VSOXJD GHOD3X\DVFDGD 7DE5DZPDWHULDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGDOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE7HFKQRORJLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGDOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE,QWHUSUHWDELOLW\RIWKHXVHZHDUWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGDDVVHPEODJH 7DE&RPSRVLWLRQRIWKHXVHZHDUWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH(VSOXJDGHOD3X\DVFDGDOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDOOHYHO( 7DE&'DWHVIURP&RYDGH(OV7URFVSKDVH, 7DE&'DWHVIURP&RYDGH(OV7URFVSKDVH,, 7DE&'DWHVIURP&RYDGH(OV7URFVSKDVH,,, 7DE7\SRORJLFDOFODVVL¿FDWLRQRIWKHOLWKLFDVVHPEODJHRIWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFV 7DE5DZPDWHULDOVFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE7HFKQRORJLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVDVVHPEODJH 7DE,QWHUSUHWDELOLW\RIWKHXVHZHDUWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE&RPSRVLWLRQRIXVHZHDUWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&RYDGH(OV7URFVOLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQBlankW\SHDQGContact Materials 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDO7URFV, 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDO7URFV,, 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDO7URFV,, 7DE&'DWHVIURP&RYDGHO6DUGRSKDVHV 7DE7\SRORJLFDOFODVVL¿FDWLRQRIWKHOLWKLFDVVHPEODJHRIWKH&RYDGHO6DUGR 7DE5DZPDWHULDOVFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH&RYDGHO6DUGROLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE7HFKQRORJLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKH&RYDGHO6DUGRDVVHPEODJH 7DE,QWHUSUHWDELOLW\RIWKHXVHZHDUWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&RYDGHO6DUGROLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE&RPSRVLWLRQRIXVHZHDUWUDFHVLGHQWL¿HGDPRQJWKH&RYDGHO6DUGROLWKLFDVVHPEODJH 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQBlank typeDQGContact Materials 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDO3KDVH
L[
The Human Occupation of the Southern Central Pyrenees 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDO3KDVH 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDO3KDVH 7DE&URVVWDEEHWZHHQWKHDFWLRQVDQGWKHZRUNHGPDWHULDO3KDVH 7DE5HPDLQVRIZLOGXQJXODWHVLQVRPHRIWKHPDLQ1HROLWKLFRFFXSDWLRQVRIWKH&HQWUDO3\UHQHHV 7DE$,5DZPDWHULDOVFRPSRVLWLRQRIDOOWKHRFFXSDWLRQDOSKDVHVFRQVLGHUHGLQWKLVZRUN 7DE$,6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLV&$ 5HVXPHWDEOHIRUWKHDQDO\VHGYDULDEOHV©6LWHBSKDVHVªDQG ©5DZBPDWHULDOª 7DE$,6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLV&$ 5HVXPHWDEOHIRUYDULDEOH6,7(B3+$6( 7DE$,6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLV&$ 5HVXPHWDEOHIRUYDULDEOH5$:B0$7 7DE$,6LPSOH&RUUHVSRQGHQFH$QDO\VLV&$ 5HVXPHWDEOHIRUWKHDQDO\VHGYDULDEOHV©6LWHBSKDVHVªDQG ©5DZBPDWHULDOª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bove$JJORPHUDWLRQ6FKHGXOH+LHUDUFKLFDO&OXVWHU$QDO\VLVZLWK6LQJOH/LQNDJHPHWKRG Below6FUHHSORWRI&RH൶ FLHQWVSHUHDFKFOXVWHU 7DE$,%LYDULDWH&RUUHODWLRQZLWK3HDUVRQPHWKRGEHWZHHQWKHVHOHFWHGYDULDEOHVIRU+LHUDUFKLFDO&OXVWHULQJ :DUG0HWKRG 7DE$,0DWUL[RIGLVVLPLODULWLHV6TXDUH(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFH 7DE$,Above$JJORPHUDWLRQ6FKHGXOH+LHUDUFKLFDO&OXVWHU$QDO\VLVZLWK6LQJOH/LQNDJHPHWKRG Below6FUHHSORWRI&RH൶ FLHQWVSHUHDFKFOXVWHU 7DE$,'HVFULSWLYHWDEOHV 7DE$,2QHZD\$129$WHVW 7DE$,7XNH\SRVWKRFWHVW 7DE$,K-meansSURFHGXUH,QLWLDOFOXVWHUFHQWUHV 7DE$,K-meansSURFHGXUH)LQDOFOXVWHUFHQWUHV 7DE$,7\SL¿HGGDWDXVHGIRUWKH&OXVWHU$QDO\VLVZLWK:DUGPHWKRG 7DE$,5DZGDWDFRQVLGHUHGIRUWKH&OXVWHU$QDO\VLVZLWK:DUGPHWKRG 7DE$,0DWUL[RIGLVVLPLODULWLHV6TXDUH(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFH 7DE$,Above$JJORPHUDWLRQ6FKHGXOH+LHUDUFKLFDO&OXVWHU$QDO\VLVZLWK6LQJOH/LQNDJHPHWKRG Below6FUHHSORWRI&RH൶ FLHQWVSHUHDFKFOXVWHU 7DE$,2QHZD\$129$WHVW7\SL¿HGYDOXHV 7DE$,D7XNH\SRVWKRFWHVW7\SL¿HGYDOXHV 7DE$,E7XNH\SRVWKRFWHVW7\SL¿HGYDOXHV 7DE$,,$UFKDHRORJLFDOFRQWH[WVDQGUHODWLYHGDWHVFLWHGLQWKHWH[W
[
$EEUHYLDWLRQV8VHGLQWKH)LJXUHV %8
6ODXJKWHULQJEXWFKHULQJDFWLYLWLHV
&(
&HUHDOGU\KHUEDFHRXVSODQW
&/
&OD\SRWWHU\
'+,
'U\KLGHZRUNLQJ
)+,
)UHVKKLGHZRUNLQJ
+$
+DUGDQLPDOVXEVWDQFHVERQHDQWOHU
+,
+LGHZRUNLQJ
+3
,QGHWHUPLQDEOHKHUEDFHRXVSODQWV
+3LQG
,QGHWHUPLQDEOHKHUEDFHRXVLQGHWHUPLQDWHPRYHPHQW
+36
,QGHWHUPLQDEOHKHUEDFHRXVSODQWVVFUDSLQJ
+5'
+DUGLQGHWHUPLQDEOHVXEVWDQFHV
+5'0(' +DUGPHGLXPLQGHWHUPLQDEOHVXEVWDQFHV 0,1
0LQHUDOVXEVWDQFHVZRUNLQJ
32*5
3RXQGLQJJULQGLQJDFWLYLWLHV
3