Prepare Yourself for the Chinese Language Proficiency Exam (HSK) : Advanced Chinese Language Difficulty Levels. Volume III, HSK Levels 5 and 6 9783959355087, 3959355084

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Schmidt, Muhammad Wolfgang G. A.: Prepare Yourself for the Chinese Language Proficiency Exam (HSK). Advanced Chinese Language Difficulty Levels. Volume III: HSK Levels 5 and 6, Hamburg, disserta Verlag, 2019 Buch-ISBN: 978-3-95935-507-0 PDF-eBook-ISBN: 978-3-95935-508-7 Druck/Herstellung: disserta Verlag, Hamburg, 2019

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List of Contents Introductory Notes v

Advanced Levels (HSK Level 5 & 6 ) 1 - 418 HSK Level 5

3 - 178

Chinese Characters 5 - 107 HSK Level 5 Charater List 7 - 12 Part 5A 7 Part 5C 11 Part 5B 9 Part 5D 12 Chinese Characters with Hanyu Pinyin Transcription and English Meaning Definitions 13 - 49 Part 5A 13 Part 5C 41 Part 5B 22 Part 5D 46 HSK Level 5 Chinese Character Stroke Order 51 - 107 Part 5A 51 - 68 Part 5C 87 - 96 Part 5B 69 - 86 Part 5D 97 - 107 Words To Know 109 - 151 A - B 111 C 113 D 116 E 119 F 120 G 121 H 124 J 125 K 128 L 129 M 130

N - O 132 P 133 Q 134 R 136 S 137 T 140 W 142 X 143 Y 145 Z 147

GrammarPoints 153 - 178 HSK Level 5 155 Overview 156 WordsandPhrases 157 - 168 Sentences 169 - 170 Complex Sentences 171 - 173 Fixed Steuctures 174 - 174 Suggested Further Reading175 Abbreviations Used in the Syntax Tree Graph Visualisations 176 References 177 

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HSK Level 6

179 - 418

Chinese Characters 181 - 312 HSK Level 6 Character Lists 183 - 192 Part 6D 189 Part 6A 183 Part 6E 191 Part 6B 185 Part 6C 187 HSK Exam Level 6 Chinese Characters with Latin Hanyu Transcription and English Meaning Definitions 193 - 228 Part 6D 215 Part 6A 193 Part 6E 222 Part 6B 201 Part 6C 208 HSK Level 6 - Chinese Character Stroke Order 229 - 312 Part 6D 273 Part 6A 229 Part 6E 292 Part 6B 247 Part 6C 266 Words To Know 313 - 384 A 315 B 316 C 321 D 325 E - F 330 G 334 H 337 J 340 K 345 L 347 M 350

N 352 O 353 P 354 Q 356 R 359 S 360 T 365 W 367 X 370 Y 374 Z 378

Grammar Points 385 - 418 HSK Level 6 387 Overview 388 Words and Phrases 389 - 405 Sentences 406 - 408 Complex Sentences 409 - 414 Fixed Structures 415 - 415 Suggested Further Reading 416 Abbreviations Used in the Syntax Tree Graph Visualisations 417 References 418

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Introductory Notes While preparing for the Chinese Language Proficiency Exam (CLPE, [+6.≹䈝≤ᒣ 㘳䈅 Hànyԃ Shuӿpíng Kӽoshì@), administered by the Hanban in the People’s Republic of China, you will face the issue of mastering the foreign languge (here: Chinese) via the four communicative language skills of speaking, writing, listening and reading comprehension. ´You won’t be able to achieve any level of mastering such languge skills without a sound knowledge of its “material” like the knowlege of Chinese characters, their pronunciation, a certain amount of vocabulary acquired and following an essential set of grammatical rules. This book in your hands will cover all the necssary material that is needed as a pre-requisite for masterin the four communicative languages skills. In other words, you will find here all the essential material covering Chinese characters, vocabulary and Grammar Points enabling you to communicate effectively and efficiently by making use of the four communicative language skills up to a level that is relevant for your appropriate level of chosen from among the six difficulty levels of the CLPE (HSK). Fig. 1 demonstrates this inter-relationship between these four communicative language skills and the basic “material” underlying them:

Figure 1

The system of the six difficulty levels of the CLPE (HSK) itself is organised and defined in terms of the three basic difficulty levels Elementary, Intemediate and Advanced. These three basic difficulty levels again are sub-divided into respective “sub-levels” like Elementary 1 and 2, Intermediate 1 and 2, and Advanced 1 and 2. “1” and “2” generally stand here for the sub-levels of “Lower” and “Upper” with respect to the three basic language difficulty levels Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced, respectively.

vi

Hene, we have a differentiation system of Lower and Upper Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced language difficulty levels in foreign language learning and teaching, now also to be applied to CHINESE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE. Fig. 2 indicates these languages difficuilty levels and relates them to the difficulty levels of the CLPE (HSK) and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR in the following way:

Figure 2

Based on this division, we have divided and organised the material of Chinese characters, vocabulary and Grammar Points to be mstered for each of the six language difficulty levels of the CLPE into three volumes, each of them covering the language material for two language difficulty levels of the CLPE: ȣ Volume I covers the HSK Levels 1 and 2 and is thus called the Elementary HSK Level. ȣ Volume II covers the HSK Levels 3 and 4 and is called the Intermediate HSK Level. ȣ Volume III covers the HSK Levels 5 and 6 and is consequently called the Advanced HSK Level. In each of these three volumes and for each of the two HSK language difficulty levels covered there, the followiung material is presented in depth:

ȣ Chinese Characters ȣ Vocabulary ȣ Grammar Points

vii

We will now deal with these three sections in more detail and explain the organisation of the material in each of them.

Chinese Characters Generally, Chinese characters for each HSL Level are presented according to their individual number of strokes. We hope that this sorting will assist in effectively memorising them for active and passive language use in communication practice. For those HSK Level units with an inventory of over 250 Chinese unique characters set, the number of characters were sub-divided into parts such as HSK 4A, HSK 4B, HSK 4C, etc. HSK distribution of Chinese characters and their sub-divisions according to individual stroke number for each HSK difficulty level are shown in Figure 3 below.

Figure 3 Each section on Chinese characters covers the following: ȣ Character Lists for each HSK difficulty level. This listing will help you to see which characters are included for each respective HSK exam level, and you can test yoursel at a first glance which of them are already known to you and do not present any pro-

viii

blems in writing and comprehension. This “pre-selection” then would enable you to concenrate on those not yet known and to pay special attention to them. ȣ Chinese - English Character Glossaries for each HSK difficulty level again follow the same principle of order arrangement acording to the individual number of strokes of these characters liste in the inventory for each HSK level. These glossaries contain information on pronunciation of characters in Hanyu Pinyin transcription followed by English Meaning definitions. ȣ Stroke Order of Chinese Characters for each HSK Level allow you to practice the writing of Chinese characters by drawig along the shaded lines with a thin pencil in the stroke order section. The lay-out of these worksheets is explained in more detail below (Figure 4).

Figure 4

Note that for all those sections in the Chinese Character parts of the book, the principles arrangement of characters is the same in sequence: Sorting is acording to their individual number of strokes, with those lower in stroke number listed first and fol-

ix

lowed by those higher in number of their respective individual number of strokes.This way of sorting is also advantageous if you need to locate a certain character in any of these sections.

Vocabulary In this part of the book, you will deal with words instead of characters. This disctinction is important in terms of Chinese grammar and Linguistic Science of Chinese. Since Chinese characters carry meaning, they easily may be confused with words from a Western point of view. In the early days of modern Chinese Linguistics, this distinction was a matter of debate among scholars and led to the conclusion that the traditional Western framework of grammar was not applicable here and that a separate graar framework was needed for the Chinese language beause of its extreme divergence in comparison to the larger family of Indo-European languages. Word entries in this part of the book are listed alphabetically according to their transcription in Hanyu Pinyin as the following sampe extract from Volume II for HSK Level 3 indicates (Figure 5).

Figure 5

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The arrangement of data in this part of the book is largely self-explanatory and does not require any further comments.

Grammar Points Again, the arrangement of the material in this last part of the book is largely self-explanatory and does not require any further comment. The Overview in this part of the book lists all the important grammar points required for each HSK exam level (Figure 6 below; sample extract below is taken from the HSK 6 Grammar Point part in Volume III).

Figure 6

$GYDQFHGDQG +6./HYHOVDQG

ⲯ♇ંԩ୰⹤ HSK Level 5

≹䈝≤ᒣ㘳䈅 ⲯ઻ Chinese Characters



HSK Exam Level 5 Part 5A

Character List ̨ ̂ ᛥ ⨘ ⤁ ▘ ΢ ഖ ▇ ⛛ ੽ ଺ ̣ Ԉ ⠠ 䑹 ᛅ ୐ ♁ ๶ Ӡ Ѕ β ߢ ઈ ้ Ӌ ◖ ⭖ ⻀ ᛀ ◑ ൂ ૭ ή

Ꮦ ⦛ ജ ୢ ઁ ӣ ⤭ ੊ ౖ ೢ ન ⲩ ▃ ͩ ̛ ဲ ˼ І ֡ ҄ અ ☕ ◻ ⫐ ⨩ ⤥ ಷ ͇ െ ⲑ ൏ ણ Ⲣ ℈ ⮈

फ़ ⩜ ⵣ ݈ ⚩ ⻅ ℚ ⦚ ⮄ ᧊ હ ઽ ᧡ ⛤ े ⦟ ⤼ Ӗ ႂ ⷞ ೜ ༰ ➦ Ⱏ ‫ܝ‬ ҙ ማ ᔶ ̪ ☜ ⦂ ⛟ ⫗ ⯑ ᡏ

⻚ ⡮ ් හ ੆ ซ മ ᜿ ♊ ᖺ ᖬ ➯ ⬖ ⭘ ⠩ ੋ ⧧ ঺ ̾ ೤ ϱ ᅏ ᅙ ધ ⦨ Ꮂ ᱐ ⧢ ⤽ ࠑ ⯉ ⛆ ᡖ ᆵ ༱



ჳ ቔ ᄓ ሷ ⷤ ⃼ ⧊ ᶷ ░ ℗

Ⲗ ⭸ ΁ ⣍ ⧣ ர ⠳ ◎ ⛗ ॐ

ⴌ ⹫ Ӊ ❅ ✵ ⛄ ⡌ ⭏ ᙛ ⺾

⦮ ֱ ૙ ྐ ළ ใ ℺ ౾



Part 5B Character List ̨ ̂ ᛥ ⨘ ⤁ ▘ ΢ ഖ ▇ ⛛ ੽ ଺ ̣ Ԉ ⠠ 䑹 ᛅ ୐ ♁ ๶ Ӡ Ѕ β ߢ ઈ ้ Ӌ ◖ ⭖ ⻀ ᛀ ◑ ൂ ૭ ή Ꮦ

⦛ ജ ୢ ઁ ӣ ⤭ ੊ ౖ ೢ ન ⲩ ▃ ͩ ̛ ဲ ˼ І ֡ ҄ અ ☕ ◻ ⫐ ⨩ ⤥ ಷ ͇ െ ⲑ ൏ ણ Ⲣ ℈ ⮈ फ़ ⩜

ⵣ ݈ ⚩ ⻅ ℚ ⦚ ⮄ ᧊ હ ઽ ᧡ ⛤ े ⦟ ⤼ Ӗ ႂ ⷞ ೜ ༰ ➦ Ⱏ ‫ܝ‬ ҙ ማ ᔶ ̪ ☜ ⦂ ⛟ ⫗ ⯑ ᡏ ⻚ ⡮ ්

හ ੆ ซ മ ᜿ ♊ ᖺ ᖬ ➯ ⬖ ⭘ ⠩ ੋ ⧧ ঺ ̾ ೤ ϱ ᅏ ᅙ ધ ⦨ Ꮂ ᱐ ⧢ ⤽ ࠑ ⯉ ⛆ ᡖ ᆵ ༱ ჳ ቔ ᄓ ሷ



ⷤ ⃼ ⧊ ᶷ ░ ℗ Ⲗ ⭸ ΁

⣍ ⧣ ர ⠳ ◎ ⛗ ॐ ⴌ ⹫

Ӊ ❅ ✵ ⛄ ⡌ ⭏ ᙛ ⺾ ⦮

ֱ ૙ ྐ ළ ใ ℺ ౾



Part 5C Character List ಮ ⥥ ᖌ ಩ ഉ ᪇ С ✴ ঱ ො ྎ ॰ ᆇ ૄ ૓ ᰟ ᐿ ૴ Ⴌ ᓉ ᮯ ⮛ ᮮ ༖ ৅

ኌ Ὡ ⴹ ⴻ അ ଚ Ѹ ℐ ஧ ಎ ⥓ ᧺ ỻ ⧱ ᝚ ⢈ ⨸ ೬ ᭤ ⩊ ᒩ ᜵ ၗ ᷇ ‫ݠ‬

ᾫ ඍ ᗊ ⯽ ⟹ ಝ ⱴ ❯ ࿖ ⮠ व ⺦ ᨕ య ඌ ᔂ ᦴ ᗉ ᳁ ᆜ ᣪ ಫ ⢐ ༶ ‫ڔ‬

ਐ ឦ ὚ ๖ Ჽ අ ་ ࢾ ⸳ ๝ ୈ ৩ ߁ ᘞ ಠ ᡄ ᑷ ⧩ ồ ᱅



Part 5D Character List ༓ ⺚ ⶃ ყ ተ Ꮣ Ѣ Ⳳ ❠ ঋ ౛ ኩ ⮞ ⥭ ᜰ द ⷗ ᳥ ᳼ ᙡ జ ߥ ᣷ ⳡ Ⱃ ⴥ ⯄

ⰸ ↻ ⬘ ̦ ⲡ ⮗ ଡ ᣽ ᆝ ᅳ ቷ ‫ܤ‬ ୾ ‫ݢ‬ ͂ ⨶ ➊ ᚳ ৖ ᕡ ᕌ ॗ ⅅ ৃ ᣨ ⹱ ⣲

ᴂ ඓ ⩃ ຒ ᯒ Ꮖ ᥾ ይ ቹ ᡣ ḣ ᄏ ᪾ Ϙ ৞ ஔ ᜏ ᣣ ᝟ ܼ ճ ᜒ ⮸ ⨠ Ꮸ Ꮲ ᐻ

ᾇ ᏺ ృ Վ ၍ ⺏ Ⳕ ✫ ᯁ ះ ࡩ ᇥ ፣ ᭡ ⪿ ᘔ ᢚ ៉ Ჿ ᜦ ࠠ



HSK Level 5 Part 5A

Chinese Characters with Latin Hanyu Pinyin Transcription and English Meaning Definitions எ yf  yi (the second of the ten Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  the second in a series, b (in the series a, b, c, d, etc.)  the second watch of the night  character used for "1" to prevent alteration, forgery, etc.  Yi (surname) ୎ dwng  a man, male adult  family member; population  (as a suffix, denoting a person with a specific occupation) -worker (as in yuándwng ᅬ ୎/ᅒ୎ "gardener")  ding (the 4th of the 10 Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  4th (in a series)  {food/cuisine} diced or cubed pieces of meat or vegetables  {written} meet, encounter  Ding (surname) ཁ chdng  factory, plant, workshop, mill  (storage) yard, shed (for coal, etc.)  {history} the tax collecting agency during the Míng ᫂ Dynasty ѹ yì  righteousness, justice  righteous, just  friendship, relationship  adopted, adoptive  false (teeth, hair, etc.); prosthetic (limb, etc.)  meaning, sense, significance  Italy  Yi (surname) ґ xibng  village, countryside, rural area  sb's native place, home town, home village  {history} rural administrative unit of 12,500 families (dating from the Zhou Dynasty)  administrative unit under a county ҿ kuw  lose (money, etc.), have a deficit  be deficient, be short of, lack  treat unfairly  luckily, fortunately, thanks to  (used to scold sb when the speaker thinks the person's words or behaviour are unexpectedly incompatible with his/her qualifications, status, etc.) some (expert you are), what kind of (man are you), have the nerve to (say that, ask such a question, come up with such an idea)  (of

the moon) wane ซ fán  ordinary, common, commonplace; usual(ly), general(ly)  all, every, any, everything, everybody, whenever  {written} in all, altogether, all inclusive  {written} an outline; the gist of...  {Chinese music} fan (note in the Chinese musical notation gxngchep ᕤᑻ㆕/ᕤᑻ䉡) ໗ sháo  {archaic} spoon, ladle ছ wèi  guard, protect, defend  sentry, guard  garrison station for troops (Míng ᫂ Dynasty)  arrow feathers  Wei (state in southern Hébei Ἑ໭ and northern Hénán Ἑ༡ Provinces during the Zhxu ࿘ Dynasty)  Wei (name for the city of Tibnjwn ኳ ὠ)  (used for transcription of syllables sounding like -wei- in foreign names)  Wei (surname) ཫ chb  (pick sth up with a) fork, work with a fork ᅵ t  soil, earth, dust  ground, land, territory  local, native, indigenous  unrefined, home-made, rustic, uncultured, crude  (raw) opium  Tu (surname) ኤ xw  sunset  evening  dusk  slanting, oblique ଢ଼ chgu  ugly, hideous (in contrast to mei ⨾ "beautiful, pretty")  unpleasant, disgusting, contemptible, abominable, scandalous  {dialect} bad (as in píqi chgu ⭁Ề㓶/⭁ẻଢ଼ "bad-tempered") ஈ fá  lack; be lacking, wanting; be short of  tired, fatigued, weary  {dialect} exhausted, worn out, spent; useless, worthless ࣍ quàn  advise, try to persuade/urge (to do sth), make recommendations  encourage, foster, admonish ໛ yún  even, uniform  even



up/out, divide evenly  spare, take (from sth to use elsewhere) ༉ pf  {measure word} (for a bolt of silk or cloth) ༖ shcng  rise, ascend, hoist (in contrast to jiàng 㝆 "fall, drop")  {unit of measure} litre  sheng (dry measure for grain equal to one litre)  sheng (measuring device holding approx. one litre)  ripe, mature  sheng (diagram in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Sheng (surname) ঵ twng  hall (for gatherings, ceremonies, receptions, etc.)  office (as part of a large organization)  department or bureau of a provincial government  {history} administrative unit (established for new territories opened up during the Qwng Ύ Dynasty) ᑻ chf  {unit of measure} Chinese "foot" (0.3 meters)  ruler (measuring instrument)  drafting implements (like a T-square); drawing tool(s)  sth shaped like a ruler ᕧ jù  huge, gigantic  the most, the extreme  {young people's slang} extremely, ultra-  Ju (surname) ᕮ bb  long for, hope for, wait for  cling (like to a wall), stick (like to a cooking pot)  crust (like on a cooking pot)  {colloquial} be close to, be next to  open  {physics} bar (unit of pressure)  {transport} bus  {grammar} (final particle used for emphasis)  Ba (ancient state in presentday Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province)  the Ba people (ancient ethnic group in Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province)  eastern Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province  (short for ᕮີ ᪁ᆠ Bblèswtdn) Palestine  (short for ᕮᇶ᪁ᆠ Bbjwswtdn) Pakistan  Ba (surname) ᗁ huàn  unreal, imaginary, illusory, visionary, hallucinative  an illusion, hallucination  changeable  a trick, dupe  magic ᩯ dòu  fight, struggle, combat  make animals fight (as a spectacle or game)  compete with, contend with,

contest  accuse and denounce at a meeting  fit together, come together, piece together, join ᮌ mù  tree, wood, timber, lumber; wooden, made of wood  Mu (surname) Ḟ qiàn  owe  not enough, lacking, wanting  a yawn  raise (a part of the body) slightly ⋤ wáng  king, sovereign, monarch, prince, duke  head, chief, lord  largest/first of its kind, strongest, best  {written} senior, grand  Wang (surname) 䇒 dìng  book/reserve (a seat for travel, a ticket, etc.), order (merchandise, etc.), subscribe to (a periodical)  work out, draw up (an agreement, treaty, etc.), agree on, conclude  correct/revise/collate (text)  staple together 䍍 bèi  shellfish  cowry  Bei (surname) 䱏 duì  line-up (of people), queue  {sports} team  {music} band; orchestra  {military} troop, column of soldiers  {measure word}... column(s) of...(used for troops, and groups of people lined up in rows) ୤ bfng  bfng (third of the ten tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  third (in a series)  fire  Bing (surname) э sw  silk, silk fabric(s), silk thread  sth threadlike resembling silk (like copper wire, cobweb, etc.)  {measure word} (used for sth very thin, like hair[s], light beam[s])  {food/cuisine} shreds (of meat, vegetable, etc.)  {measure word} (used for abstract items like illusions, feelings, impressions, hope, etc.)  one tenthousandth of certain units of measure  {unit of weight} 0.5 mg  {unit of length} 3.3 micrometres  a tiny (little) bit, very small quantity ௜ fù  give, hand over, turn over, deliver, commit  pay  {measure word} (used like fù ๪)... set(s) of...,... pair(s) of... (used for things in pairs like spectacles, or things in sets)  a (certain) look/expression (used to



indicate a certain facial expression)  Fu (surname) ௧ lìng  {admin, military} give/issue an order, command, decree; an order  cause, make (sb do sth or be a certain way)  season, time of year  {formal, written} your (father, mother, etc.)  {admin, history} a magistrate  Mora (a finger-guessing game, like Rock-Paper-Scissors, commonly played on drinking occasions)  {poetry} short poem or song  Ling (surname) ඗ xixng  elder brother  {formal} elder brother (form of address used by males of the same generation or older)  elder brother (form of address used among male friends) ෋ cè  book, volume (often within a series)  {measure word} (of books) volume, copy  {history, administrative, written} confer a (feudal) title ࠫ jw  strike, hit, beat, knock  attack, assail, raid  kill, assassinate  collide with, bump into, come in contact with (sb or sth) ໠ cxng  hurriedly, hastily  in a hurry ༨ zhàn  occupy  account for, make up, constitute  seize, take by force  keep, preserve, protect, guard, watch over ྂ g  ancient, old, age-old, archaic  ancient times  {literature, art} of ancient style, classical (like classical-style poetry)  {written} simple, honest, sincere  Gu (surname) ྊ zhào  summon, beckon, gather  convene, call together  inspire, guide  an Imperial decree  a temple, monastery  Zhao (surname among the Ddi ത nationality) Ꮼ nìng  (would) rather/better...  {written} could it be that...?  Ning (surname) ᕸ bù  cloth  (used like bù థ/ᕸ) spread, circulate, disseminate  declare, announce, state to the public  arrange, deploy  donate, give (like to a charity)  Bu (surname) ᗂ yòu  young  children  nur-

ture (i.e. children) ᪦ dàn  {written} daybreak, dawn  day (like New Year's Day)  {theatre} (female role traditionally played by males in the Chinese opera)  {textiles} denier (measure of thread) ᮍ wèi  has not (done sth), did not, not yet  not (as in wèibì ᮍᚲ, "not necessarily")  wèi (8th of the twelve Dìzhw ᆅᨭ "Earthly Branches")  Wei (surname) ≷ huì  collect, gather together, assemble  collection, assemblage ⚝ miè  go out (of a fire, light, etc.)  extinguish, put out, turn off  drown  wipe out, exterminate, destroy ≢ fàn  violate (the law, a prohibition, etc.), offend (sb), encroach upon; go/act against, attack, infringe upon, break the law; commit (a crime, mistake, etc.)  offender, criminal, culprit  (of mistakes, sth bad, an illness, etc.) happen (again), (re)occur ⋢ yù  jade  pure, beautiful  Yu (surname) ⏞ shudi  wave, swing  throw, fling  throw off, cast off, leave behind  (of insects or fish) lay eggs ⏣ tián  field, farmland  go hunting  Tian (surname) ⏥ jid  jia (first of the ten Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  first (place, etc.)  shell (like tortoise shell)  nail (like fingernail)  armour  soldier  jia measure of land equal to 0.97 hectares  Jia (surname) ▩ máo  spear, lance  {Chinese astronomy} Gamma of Bootes ▼ shí  stone, rock, pebble  stone inscription  {Chinese medicine} stone needle (used in ancient times in acupuncture)  Shi (surname) ❧ lì  stand  stand up, set up  erect, vertical  establish  Li (surname) 䇝 xùn  lecture, admonish  teach, instruct; teachings, instructions, precepts  train; training  norm, standard  exegesis, explanations, interpretations



䇟 xùn  news, report  information, message  ask, inquire, interrogate, question 䰚 shdn  dodge, sidestep, get out of the way  twist, wrench (the body)  sprain  lightning  flash, shine  glitter, glisten  leave behind, cast off  Shan (surname) 嗉 lóng  {mythology} dragon (which in Chinese tradition has good connotations)  symbolic of the Emperor; Imperial  Long (surname) ӗ chdn  give birth to, bear  produce, manufacture, yield; product, produce  estate, property, possessions ௹ fdng  imitate, copy, follow the example of, use as a model  a copy, replica, model (like for practicing calligraphy)  resemble, be similar, be like ௻ qf  business, enterprise  stand on tiptoe  await eagerly, long for ఌ hug  meals, food, board; mess, dining hall  partner, companion, mate, friend; partnership  {measure word}... group(s) of...,... band(s) of...,... gang(s) of... (used for groups of people or crowds)  unite, join together, combine Տ wei  great, big  grand, magnificent  Wei (surname) ఝ sì  similar, alike, resembling  seem, appear  compared with, more and more, increasingly ඘ chxng  full, ample, sufficient  fill, charge (like a battery)  act as, serve as  play the part of, pose as  Chong (surname) ߋ jyn  armed forces, the military  army, corps  largest garrison post during the Táng ၈ Dynasty  military area during the Sòng Ᏽ Dynasty  army (as largest military unit, theoretically 12,500 men) ෨ chxng  flush, wash away, rinse  take a shower  pour (boiling) water on (as in making tea), mix (like medicine) with water or wine  (of film) develop  {accounting} offset, cancel out  surge, rush forward (of water)  rise vertically into the air 

Chong (surname)  pound (with mortar and pestle)  {dialect} plateau in hilly land ࡋ chuàng  start, establish, initiate, create, achieve (sth for the first time) ຎ liè  poor, inferior, of low quality (in contrast to yxu ඃ/Ո "excellent, superior")  evil, bad ॾ huá  splendid, magnificent, radiant, glorious; splendour, magnificence, radiance, glory  (of the sun, etc.) corona  flourishing, prosperous; prosperity  the best, the cream  extravagant, flashy, sumptuous, luxurious  a time, years (in sb's life)  grey, grizzled (as in huáfà ⳹㧩/ॾਁ "gray hair")  {written, formal} your  {geosciences} mineral sediments in spring water  [Huá] China; Chinese (language)  Hua (surname) ॿ xié  common, joint, mutual  help, assist, aid  in harmony, in concert  union (of shops, colleges, etc.)  regiment of troops (during the Qwng Ύ Dynasty) ྤ tù  vomit, throw up, retch  give up against one's will, give unwillingly, cough up, disgorge ྦྷ hè  threaten, intimidate  scare, frighten  {interjection} Humph! (or the like, expressing resentment, disapproval, etc.) ഒ tuán  group, organization  {military} regiment, corps, league  roll, ball, wad  unite  {measure word}... roll(s) of...,... ball(s) of...,... bale(s) of...,... mass(es) of... (used for things that appear in a rolled/rolling mass, like paper, fire, clouds, etc.)  {measure word}... complex of... (used for an abstract concept, like darkness, hope, suspicion, a mess, etc., can only be preceded by the numeral yw ୍ "one") ዁ kub  exaggerate, boast, brag, talk big  praise, commend ཀྵ jib  press from two sides, pinch, squeeze  clip (paper, etc., together)  carry under one's arm  place/stay in between  intersperse,



mix, mingle  clip, clamp, holder, folder ྷ fù  married woman, wife  woman Ꮡ cún  exist, live; survive  keep, store, preserve  gather, collect, accumulate  deposit (money)  check sth in, leave sth behind (to be claimed later, like one's hat and coat, car, baggage)  keep, reserve, retain  (of merchandise) be in stock  {figurative} (of feelings, hopes, intentions, etc.) harbour, cherish Ᏹ y  eaves  house, building  universe, space, world  demeanor, bearing Ᏺ shgu  guard, protect  keep watch, look after, inspect  heed, observe  nearby, close  Shou (surname) ᑎ sì  temple, monastery (usu. Buddhist)  mosque  government office  eunuch ራ xún  seek, search, look for, try to find  {unit of measure} xun (measure of length equal to eight chf ᑻ "Chinese feet")  Xun (surname) ᑤ jibn  point, tip  pointed, tapered, sharp  (of sounds, voice, etc.) shrill, piercing  keen, sharp (like eyes, ears)  sharp-tongued  the best, the highest quality, the cream of the crop  {regional} miserly, calculating, stingy ቈ chén  dust  this (mortal) world  trail, trace  contaminate, pollute  {Buddhism} the senses  Chen (surname) ᒶ qìng  congratulate, celebrate  occasion for celebration  award, reward  happiness, benevolence  Qing (surname) ᘏ yán  extend, prolong, lengthen  delay, postpone  engage (like a tutor, a doctor on a temporary basis)  Yan (surname) ᡸ tux  entrust, commission, consign, leave with, deposit  rely on, depend on  give as a pretext, use as an excuse, plead  ask, request  send (a message) indirectly

ᢗ zhí  hold, grasp  be in charge of, manage, wield (power)  stick to (one's views, etc.), insist on, be determined to  execute, carry out, conduct  {literary} capture  written acknowledgement (like a receipt)  {literary} intimate friend, bosom friend, soul mate, alter ego  {dialect} straighten up, tidy up  Zhi (surname) ᪪ xún  a ten-day period  (when stating a person's age in decades, mostly for people sixty or over) a ten-year period ᮔ p  plain and simple, honest, unadorned, sincere  bark (of a tree)  uncarved or unworked wood  original nature, inherent quality ᵰ shb  kill, slaughter  fight, go into battle  abate, reduce  hurt, smart  counteract  extremely (particle used after a verb to indicate action of the verb in the extreme) ᵳ quán  power, authority, right, privilege  privileged or advantageous position/status  tentative(ly), for the time being, provisional(ly)  {written} sliding weight of a steelyard; counterpoise  {written} weigh, consider  {written} expediency  means to an end  Quan (surname) ụ chí  pool, pond  enclosed space with raised sides (like a flower bed, orchestra pit, etc.)  front section of a theatre; orchestra  moat  Chi (surname) ⅊ huw  ash; ashes (from a stove)  coal  powder, dust  lime, mortar  gray, ashen (colour)  dejected, discouraged, disheartened  {Yangzhou dialect} trash, garbage ➉ zhú  bamboo; bamboo slip (used as writing material)  bamboo (one of the Bbywn ඵ㡢 "Eight classifications of sound" in ancient Chinese music)  Zhu (surname) ⫙ jw  muscle ⯉ shé  tongue  sth resembling a tongue (like peak of a hat, tongue of a flame)  tongue, clapper (of a bell, etc.)  sharp words, verbal battle, language



䇭 feng  satirize, mock, ridicule  chant, intone 䇮 shè  establish, set up, set  plan, arrange  suppose, presume  if, suppose ㎿ xùn  quick, rapid, fast, swift 䰝 bì  shut, close  obstruct, block (up)  inaccessible  close, conclude (a meeting, etc.)  Bi (surname) 䰟 chudng  rush, charge, dash  bust through (a barrier)  run (a red light)  (leave home to) gain experience (in the world, in real life); experience  toughen oneself by battling through dangers  travel in search of livelihood  be busy running around  incite, provoke (sth undesirable) 㜵 fáng  guard against, take precautions against, be on the alert, prevent  defend, guard, protect  dike, embankment  Fang (surname) 䱥 zhèn  battle formation  (battle) position, battlefield  period of time  {measure word} (for a brief period, like a rain shower, a burst of applause, a gust of wind) 䱦 jic  stairs, (flight of) steps, step  degree, class, rank (like official, military)  rely on, depend on  {geosciences} stage క bàn  companion, partner  accompany, keep sb company ఙ shcn  stretch out, extend, straighten, hold out (like one's arms, legs, etc.)  redress (a wrong, an injustice)  Shen (surname) వ yú  surplus, remaining, leftovers  (number, amount) odd, over  after (e.g., after hours) ష fó  Buddha; Buddhism; statue/image of Buddha; Buddhist scripture/sutra ఽ yxng  hire, employ  charter  a servant, hired help ර bwng  weapons, arms  warrior, soldier, common soldier, private, troops, army, the military  attack  kill (with weapons)  harm, injure  {Chinese chess} Privates/Soldiers (on the red side; equivalent to the Pawns in Western chess)

߫ dòng  freeze  congeal, jelly  be cold, be benumbed (with cold), be chilled (to the bone)  Dong (surname) ึ chy  (at the) beginning of, (during the) first part of, (during the) early stage of  first, initial  beginning/early part of  first (in order)  initially, just  elementary  for the first time  rudimentary, elementary, beginning  original  primitive  the first ten day period of a lunisolar month  Chu (surname) ࡐ shbn  delete, cut out, strike out ࣢ jìn  strength, energy  vigour, zeal, spirit  manner, air  interest, gusto ࣣ láo  work, labour, toil  (preceding a request) "may I trouble you..."  fatigue  service, meritorious deed  Lao (surname) ৯ xiàn  county, district, subdivision  the Imperial domain, China  (in Japan) prefecture, ken ྲ dyn  {unit of measure} ton (t); tonne (t) (as a metric tonne, usually gxngdyn බᄊ/බྲ) ྵ hán  hold in the mouth  include, contain, hold, bear, imply, suggest  cherish, harbour, nurse (as intentions, feelings, ideas, etc.) ྐྵ qf  open  begin, initiate, start  enlighten, inform  inform, state  note, short and informal letter  character used with one's signature at the end of a letter  right flank (of a military formation)  Qi (surname) ྿ chuw  blow, puff (with the mouth)  (of the wind) blow  play (a wind instrument)  brag/boast (about); praise, tout, exaggerate/overstate the merits of sth/sb  (of plans) fall through; (of boy/girl friends) break off/up  flatter ࿀ wen  (of humans) lips; touch with the lips, kiss, a kiss  (of animals) snout, muzzle  dull, dumb, idiotic, slow ࿈ dbi (witted); slow to react  stare blankly; blank, in a daze, stupefied  stay (also written ᚅ) ‫( ۅ‬in TW also pronounced



ái) ᆒ jyn  equal, even, balanced  average  all, without exception  harmonious  potter's wheel  tuning device ጁ miào  excellent, wonderful  ingenious, subtle ጉ fáng  hinder, interfere with, impede, obstruct, disturb, hamper  impair, harm  hindrance, obstacle Ꮥ xiào  filial piety  mourning  mourning dress  Xiao (surname) ᑑ shòu  long life, longevity  age, life  birthday (mostly of an elderly person)  (prepared) for burial (like of a coffin, graveclothes during one's lifetime)  Shou (surname) ᑿ wei  tail, rear (end)  remainder, remaining part, remnant  {measure word} (used for fish) ᒁ jú  part, portion  {admin} bureau, department, office (e.g., post office, telephone office)  shop  {measure word}... game(s) of... (used for sports events like ping-pong, ball games, games of chess, etc.)  chessboard  chess game, state of play in a chess game  game, set, inning  situation, position, state of affairs  breadth of mind, magnanimity, tolerance  gathering, party  ruse, trap, trick  restrain, constrain, restrict ዋ ddo  island ᓃ kù  storehouse, warehouse, armory  treasury, vault  {electrical} coulomb  Ku (surname) ᙧ xíng  shape, form, appearance  substance, entity  look, appear  compare ᖫ chè  penetrate, pervade  penetrating  thorough(ly), complete(ly), to the end, to the bottom ᚸ ren  endure, bear  enduring, tough  have the heart to, be cruel enough to  restrain, control ᡄ jiè  guard against, avoid  warn, admonish  give up, abstain from  religious discipline (of Buddhists)  finger ring  order, command ᢇ fú  support with the hand,

hold on for support  straighten up, hold up, prop up  help, assist, lend a hand  Fu (surname) ᢒ chbo  copy, transcribe  plagiarize  raid, invade, loot  search for and confiscate  copy (sth from), plagiarize  take (a shortcut)  fold one's arms (in the sleeves)  Chao (surname) ᢜ zhub  seize, grab, grasp  scratch (with fingernails, claws, etc.)  arrest, catch, seize  stress, attach importance to  (usu. of sb with some measure of leadership responsibility) take charge of (a task), take on, work on  attach (like attention)  (Guangzhou) pinch ᢞ tóu  throw, toss, fling  put in, insert  input, invest  send, submit  project (e.g., moonlight), cast (e.g., a shadow)  join, enter, go to  fit in with, agree with, be congenial to  approaching/before (dawn/dusk)  Tou (surname) ᢟ dgu  shiver, tremble, quiver, shake, flick, jerk  rouse, stir up  expose/disclose the inside story  {satirical} be ostentatiously rich and successful, throw one's weight around ᢠ kàng  resist, fight  refuse, oppose  Kang (surname) ᣒ qidng  rob, plunder, loot, snatch, seize  vie to be first, grab  rush, hasten ἀ chén  sink, go under, be submerged  subside  submerge, lower, sink  deep, profound  feel heavy or uncomfortable  addicted to Ἇ gxu  ditch, drain, trench, channel, narrow waterway  rut, groove, gutter, furrow, cleavage, gap  gully, ravine ἷ fàn  {written} float, drift  cover, spread, emerge, emit  general, extensive, unspecified, non-specific  {figurative} shallow, superficial  flood, inundation; inundate, flood  pan-... (like fàn-Mei ἷ⨾ "pan-American") ⅋ líng  nimble, clever  soul  spirit, fairy  miraculous  magic 



of or pertaining to the spirit world  efficacious, effective  witch, sorceress (esp. in the Ch ᴆ region)  good, beneficial (like rain)  Ling (surname) ⅐ zbi  calamity, disaster, catastrophe  (one's) misfortune ≧ zhuàng  form, shape, appearance  condition, state of affairs ≨ yóu  just like, just as  still, yet, even  You (surname) ≬ kuáng  mad, crazy, insane  violent, fierce  wild (like with joy), unrestrained (emotion)  arrogant  mad dog ⯇ liáo  treat, heal, cure ⓕ zào  black  soap  runner, messenger, office boy, menial servant (as in a government office in former times)  manger  a team of twelve horses ⚾ sw  private, personal  selfish  secret, confidential  illegal, illicit, smuggled  have an illicit love affair  show favouritism  everyday clothes  private parts, genitals  Si (surname) 㓟 chún  pure, clean, unadulterated, unmixed  skilful, well-versed, familiar with, fluent in  net (profit, etc.)  sincere, honest  great (happiness, etc.)  silk 㓢 gbng  rope  headrope, headline (of a fishing net)  {figurative} the main point, guiding principle, key link, outline, program  {biology} a class, the class  {history} transport convoy moving certain goods in large quantities (like tea, salt, granite, etc.) 㓧 fcn  numerous, profuse, many and various  in disorder, chaotic, confused, tangled  streamer at the top of a flag Ⰻ liáng  good  good people (esp. in contrast to bandits, prostitutes, etc.)  very  fine, exquisite (like porcelain)  pleasant  my husband (form of address for wife to husband) 㺕 b  mend, patch, fix, correct  supplement, make up for  take a restorative to improve one's health  help, benefit  appoint to office  em-

broidery on official garments 䇺 zhen  examine, see (a patient)  observe and examine, diagnose ㇋ dòu  beans, peas, legumes, pulses  something resembling a bean or pea  {archaic} cup, bowl; vessel for holding sacrificial food  Dou (surname) 䍑 gòng  {history, admin} tribute; high quality (good enough for tribute); select (talented people), recommend (talented people) to the imperial court  [G-] (short for Xwgòng す㈉/す䍑) Saigon  Gong (surname) 䍒 cái  wealth, money, riches, possessions ㏉ fdn  return, come back, go back 䘍 wéi  disobey, violate, defy  be apart, be separated  avoid, evade  evil, wicked 䰢 xián  idle, leisurely 㜼 z  hinder, obstruct  strategic place  dangerous, difficult (road, etc.)  be uncertain, have doubts  rely on  {electrical} resistance 䱶 lù  land  road, overland route  Lu (surname) 㯏 mài  wheat  barley, oats, rye (etc.)  {electrical, unit of measure} Maxwell (unit of magnetic flux)  Mai (surname) ஋ gubi  (of a child) well-behaved, obedient, well-mannered, "good"; clever, bright, smart, "sharp"  {written} unreasonable, odd, strange, eccentric, abnormal, perverse; violate, go against ா xidng  enjoy (happiness, good fortune, etc.)  receive (a sacrifice) ి pèi  wear (on the belt or at the waist)  respect, esteem, admire ‫ۅ‬ (used like pèi ⌝/ి "pendant or similar adornment [worn at the waist in ancient times])  rely on, depend on  ౫ yw obey, comply  according to, in the light of  lean on/against  snuggle up to  luxuriant ඦ tù  rabbit, hare ณ píng  depend/rely on  on the basis of, by, with (sth as proof/docu-



mentation/grounds)  by, by virtue of, on the strength of, with (the help of some quality/attribute/power); (going) according to, going by, with (sth as a guide for one's action)  no matter (how, what, where, when, etc.)  proof, evidence  {written} lean on/against, prop/support oneself on  Ping (surname)

่ cì  stab, prick, pierce, prod  (of an irritant liquid, smell, etc.) irritate, bite, stimulate  assassinate  criticize, satirize  pry (into), make (secret or roundabout) inquiries, spy (on sb)  thorn, splinter, sting  {written} visiting card, calling card



Part 5B எ yf  yi (the second of the ten Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  the second in a series, b (in the series a, b, c, d, etc.)  the second watch of the night  character used for "1" to prevent alteration, forgery, etc.  Yi (surname) ୎ dwng  a man, male adult  family member; population  (as a suffix, denoting a person with a specific occupation) -worker (as in yuándwng ᅬ ୎/ᅒ୎ "gardener")  ding (the 4th of the 10 Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  4th (in a series)  {food/cuisine} diced or cubed pieces of meat or vegetables  {written} meet, encounter  Ding (surname) ཁ chdng  factory, plant, workshop, mill  (storage) yard, shed (for coal, etc.)  {history} the tax collecting agency during the Míng ᫂ Dynasty ѹ yì  righteousness, justice  righteous, just  friendship, relationship  adopted, adoptive  false (teeth, hair, etc.); prosthetic (limb, etc.)  meaning, sense, significance  Italy  Yi (surname) ґ xibng  village, countryside, rural area  sb's native place, home town, home village  {history} rural administrative unit of 12,500 families (dating from the Zhou Dynasty)  administrative unit under a county ҿ kuw  lose (money, etc.), have a deficit  be deficient, be short of, lack  treat unfairly  luckily, fortunately, thanks to  (used to scold sb when the speaker thinks the person's words or behaviour are unexpectedly incompatible with his/her qualifications, status, etc.) some (expert you are), what kind of (man are you), have the nerve to (say that, ask such a question, come up with such an idea)  (of the moon) wane ซ fán  ordinary, common, commonplace; usual(ly), general(ly)  all, every, any, everything, everybody,

whenever  {written} in all, altogether, all inclusive  {written} an outline; the gist of...  {Chinese music} fan (note in the Chinese musical notation gxngchep ᕤᑻ㆕/ᕤᑻ䉡) ໗ sháo  {archaic} spoon, ladle ছ wèi  guard, protect, defend  sentry, guard  garrison station for troops (Míng ᫂ Dynasty)  arrow feathers  Wei (state in southern Hébei Ἑ໭ and northern Hénán Ἑ༡ Provinces during the Zhxu ࿘ Dynasty)  Wei (name for the city of Tibnjwn ኳ ὠ)  (used for transcription of syllables sounding like -wei- in foreign names)  Wei (surname) ཫ chb  (pick sth up with a) fork, work with a fork ᅵ t  soil, earth, dust  ground, land, territory  local, native, indigenous  unrefined, home-made, rustic, uncultured, crude  (raw) opium  Tu (surname) ኤ xw  sunset  evening  dusk  slanting, oblique ଢ଼ chgu  ugly, hideous (in contrast to mei ⨾ "beautiful, pretty")  unpleasant, disgusting, contemptible, abominable, scandalous  {dialect} bad (as in píqi chgu ⭁Ề㓶/⭁ẻଢ଼ "bad-tempered") ஈ fá  lack; be lacking, wanting; be short of  tired, fatigued, weary  {dialect} exhausted, worn out, spent; useless, worthless ࣍ quàn  advise, try to persuade/urge (to do sth), make recommendations  encourage, foster, admonish ໛ yún  even, uniform  even up/out, divide evenly  spare, take (from sth to use elsewhere) ༉ pf  {measure word} (for a bolt of silk or cloth) ༖ shcng  rise, ascend, hoist (in contrast to jiàng 㝆 "fall, drop")  {unit of measure} litre  sheng (dry measure for grain equal to one litre) 



sheng (measuring device holding approx. one litre)  ripe, mature  sheng (diagram in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Sheng (surname) ঵ twng  hall (for gatherings, ceremonies, receptions, etc.)  office (as part of a large organization)  department or bureau of a provincial government  {history} administrative unit (established for new territories opened up during the Qwng Ύ Dynasty) ᑻ chf  {unit of measure} Chinese "foot" (0.3 meters)  ruler (measuring instrument)  drafting implements (like a T-square); drawing tool(s)  sth shaped like a ruler ᕧ jù  huge, gigantic  the most, the extreme  {young people's slang} extremely, ultra-  Ju (surname) ᕮ bb  long for, hope for, wait for  cling (like to a wall), stick (like to a cooking pot)  crust (like on a cooking pot)  {colloquial} be close to, be next to  open  {physics} bar (unit of pressure)  {transport} bus  {grammar} (final particle used for emphasis)  Ba (ancient state in presentday Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province)  the Ba people (ancient ethnic group in Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province)  eastern Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province  (short for ᕮີ ᪁ᆠ Bblèswtdn) Palestine  (short for ᕮᇶ᪁ᆠ Bbjwswtdn) Pakistan  Ba (surname) ᗁ huàn  unreal, imaginary, illusory, visionary, hallucinative  an illusion, hallucination  changeable  a trick, dupe  magic ᩯ dòu  fight, struggle, combat  make animals fight (as a spectacle or game)  compete with, contend with, contest  accuse and denounce at a meeting  fit together, come together, piece together, join ᮌ mù  tree, wood, timber, lumber; wooden, made of wood  Mu (surname) Ḟ qiàn  owe  not enough, lacking, wanting  a yawn  raise (a part

of the body) slightly ⋤ wáng  king, sovereign, monarch, prince, duke  head, chief, lord  largest/first of its kind, strongest, best  {written} senior, grand  Wang (surname) 䇒 dìng  book/reserve (a seat for travel, a ticket, etc.), order (merchandise, etc.), subscribe to (a periodical)  work out, draw up (an agreement, treaty, etc.), agree on, conclude  correct/revise/collate (text)  staple together 䍍 bèi  shellfish  cowry  Bei (surname) 䱏 duì  line-up (of people), queue  {sports} team  {music} band; orchestra  {military} troop, column of soldiers  {measure word}... column(s) of...(used for troops, and groups of people lined up in rows) ୤ bfng  bfng (third of the ten tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  third (in a series)  fire  Bing (surname) э sw  silk, silk fabric(s), silk thread  sth threadlike resembling silk (like copper wire, cobweb, etc.)  {measure word} (used for sth very thin, like hair[s], light beam[s])  {food/cuisine} shreds (of meat, vegetable, etc.)  {measure word} (used for abstract items like illusions, feelings, impressions, hope, etc.)  one tenthousandth of certain units of measure  {unit of weight} 0.5 mg  {unit of length} 3.3 micrometres  a tiny (little) bit, very small quantity ௜ fù  give, hand over, turn over, deliver, commit  pay  {measure word} (used like fù ๪)... set(s) of...,... pair(s) of... (used for things in pairs like spectacles, or things in sets)  a (certain) look/expression (used to indicate a certain facial expression)  Fu (surname) ௧ lìng  {admin, military} give/issue an order, command, decree; an order  cause, make (sb do sth or be a certain way)  season, time of year  {formal, written} your (father, mother, etc.)  {admin, history} a magistrate



 Mora (a finger-guessing game, like Rock-Paper-Scissors, commonly played on drinking occasions)  {poetry} short poem or song  Ling (surname) ඗ xixng  elder brother  {formal} elder brother (form of address used by males of the same generation or older)  elder brother (form of address used among male friends) ෋ cè  book, volume (often within a series)  {measure word} (of books) volume, copy  {history, administrative, written} confer a (feudal) title ࠫ jw  strike, hit, beat, knock  attack, assail, raid  kill, assassinate  collide with, bump into, come in contact with (sb or sth) ໠ cxng  hurriedly, hastily  in a hurry ༨ zhàn  occupy  account for, make up, constitute  seize, take by force  keep, preserve, protect, guard, watch over ྂ g  ancient, old, age-old, archaic  ancient times  {literature, art} of ancient style, classical (like classical-style poetry)  {written} simple, honest, sincere  Gu (surname) ྊ zhào  summon, beckon, gather  convene, call together  inspire, guide  an Imperial decree  a temple, monastery  Zhao (surname among the Ddi ത nationality) Ꮼ nìng  (would) rather/better...  {written} could it be that...?  Ning (surname) ᕸ bù  cloth  (used like bù థ/ᕸ) spread, circulate, disseminate  declare, announce, state to the public  arrange, deploy  donate, give (like to a charity)  Bu (surname) ᗂ yòu  young  children  nurture (i.e. children) ᪦ dàn  {written} daybreak, dawn  day (like New Year's Day)  {theatre} (female role traditionally played by males in the Chinese opera)  {textiles} denier (measure of thread) ᮍ wèi  has not (done sth), did not, not yet  not (as in wèibì ᮍᚲ,

"not necessarily")  wèi (8th of the twelve Dìzhw ᆅᨭ "Earthly Branches")  Wei (surname) ≷ huì  collect, gather together, assemble  collection, assemblage ⚝ miè  go out (of a fire, light, etc.)  extinguish, put out, turn off  drown  wipe out, exterminate, destroy ≢ fàn  violate (the law, a prohibition, etc.), offend (sb), encroach upon; go/act against, attack, infringe upon, break the law; commit (a crime, mistake, etc.)  offender, criminal, culprit  (of mistakes, sth bad, an illness, etc.) happen (again), (re)occur ⋢ yù  jade  pure, beautiful  Yu (surname) ⏞ shudi  wave, swing  throw, fling  throw off, cast off, leave behind  (of insects or fish) lay eggs ⏣ tián  field, farmland  go hunting  Tian (surname) ⏥ jid  jia (first of the ten Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  first (place, etc.)  shell (like tortoise shell)  nail (like fingernail)  armour  soldier  jia measure of land equal to 0.97 hectares  Jia (surname) ▩ máo  spear, lance  {Chinese astronomy} Gamma of Bootes ▼ shí  stone, rock, pebble  stone inscription  {Chinese medicine} stone needle (used in ancient times in acupuncture)  Shi (surname) ❧ lì  stand  stand up, set up  erect, vertical  establish  Li (surname) 䇝 xùn  lecture, admonish  teach, instruct; teachings, instructions, precepts  train; training  norm, standard  exegesis, explanations, interpretations 䇟 xùn  news, report  information, message  ask, inquire, interrogate, question 䰚 shdn  dodge, sidestep, get out of the way  twist, wrench (the body)  sprain  lightning  flash, shine  glitter, glisten  leave behind, cast off  Shan (surname)



嗉 lóng  {mythology} dragon (which in Chinese tradition has good connotations)  symbolic of the Emperor; Imperial  Long (surname) ӗ chdn  give birth to, bear  produce, manufacture, yield; product, produce  estate, property, possessions ௹ fdng  imitate, copy, follow the example of, use as a model  a copy, replica, model (like for practicing calligraphy)  resemble, be similar, be like ௻ qf  business, enterprise  stand on tiptoe  await eagerly, long for ఌ hug  meals, food, board; mess, dining hall  partner, companion, mate, friend; partnership  {measure word}... group(s) of...,... band(s) of...,... gang(s) of... (used for groups of people or crowds)  unite, join together, combine Տ wei  great, big  grand, magnificent  Wei (surname) ఝ sì  similar, alike, resembling  seem, appear  compared with, more and more, increasingly ඘ chxng  full, ample, sufficient  fill, charge (like a battery)  act as, serve as  play the part of, pose as  Chong (surname) ߋ jyn  armed forces, the military  army, corps  largest garrison post during the Táng ၈ Dynasty  military area during the Sòng Ᏽ Dynasty  army (as largest military unit, theoretically 12,500 men) ෨ chxng  flush, wash away, rinse  take a shower  pour (boiling) water on (as in making tea), mix (like medicine) with water or wine  (of film) develop  {accounting} offset, cancel out  surge, rush forward (of water)  rise vertically into the air  Chong (surname)  pound (with mortar and pestle)  {dialect} plateau in hilly land ࡋ chuàng  start, establish, initiate, create, achieve (sth for the first time) ຎ liè  poor, inferior, of low quality (in contrast to yxu ඃ/Ո "excel-

lent, superior")  evil, bad ॾ huá  splendid, magnificent, radiant, glorious; splendour, magnificence, radiance, glory  (of the sun, etc.) corona  flourishing, prosperous; prosperity  the best, the cream  extravagant, flashy, sumptuous, luxurious  a time, years (in sb's life)  grey, grizzled (as in huáfà ⳹㧩/ॾਁ "gray hair")  {written, formal} your  {geosciences} mineral sediments in spring water  [Huá] China; Chinese (language)  Hua (surname) ॿ xié  common, joint, mutual  help, assist, aid  in harmony, in concert  union (of shops, colleges, etc.)  regiment of troops (during the Qwng Ύ Dynasty) ྤ tù  vomit, throw up, retch  give up against one's will, give unwillingly, cough up, disgorge ྦྷ hè  threaten, intimidate  scare, frighten  {interjection} Humph! (or the like, expressing resentment, disapproval, etc.) ഒ tuán  group, organization  {military} regiment, corps, league  roll, ball, wad  unite  {measure word}... roll(s) of...,... ball(s) of...,... bale(s) of...,... mass(es) of... (used for things that appear in a rolled/rolling mass, like paper, fire, clouds, etc.)  {measure word}... complex of... (used for an abstract concept, like darkness, hope, suspicion, a mess, etc., can only be preceded by the numeral yw ୍ "one") ዁ kub  exaggerate, boast, brag, talk big  praise, commend ཀྵ jib  press from two sides, pinch, squeeze  clip (paper, etc., together)  carry under one's arm  place/stay in between  intersperse, mix, mingle  clip, clamp, holder, folder ྷ fù  married woman, wife  woman Ꮡ cún  exist, live; survive  keep, store, preserve  gather, collect, accumulate  deposit (money)  check sth in, leave sth behind (to be



claimed later, like one's hat and coat, car, baggage)  keep, reserve, retain  (of merchandise) be in stock  {figurative} (of feelings, hopes, intentions, etc.) harbour, cherish Ᏹ y  eaves  house, building  universe, space, world  demeanor, bearing Ᏺ shgu  guard, protect  keep watch, look after, inspect  heed, observe  nearby, close  Shou (surname) ᑎ sì  temple, monastery (usu. Buddhist)  mosque  government office  eunuch ራ xún  seek, search, look for, try to find  {unit of measure} xun (measure of length equal to eight chf ᑻ "Chinese feet")  Xun (surname) ᑤ jibn  point, tip  pointed, tapered, sharp  (of sounds, voice, etc.) shrill, piercing  keen, sharp (like eyes, ears)  sharp-tongued  the best, the highest quality, the cream of the crop  {regional} miserly, calculating, stingy ቈ chén  dust  this (mortal) world  trail, trace  contaminate, pollute  {Buddhism} the senses  Chen (surname) ᒶ qìng  congratulate, celebrate  occasion for celebration  award, reward  happiness, benevolence  Qing (surname) ᘏ yán  extend, prolong, lengthen  delay, postpone  engage (like a tutor, a doctor on a temporary basis)  Yan (surname) ᡸ tux  entrust, commission, consign, leave with, deposit  rely on, depend on  give as a pretext, use as an excuse, plead  ask, request  send (a message) indirectly ᢗ zhí  hold, grasp  be in charge of, manage, wield (power)  stick to (one's views, etc.), insist on, be determined to  execute, carry out, conduct  {literary} capture  written acknowledgement (like a receipt)  {literary} intimate friend, bosom friend, soul mate, alter ego  {dialect}

straighten up, tidy up  Zhi (surname) ᪪ xún  a ten-day period  (when stating a person's age in decades, mostly for people sixty or over) a ten-year period ᮔ p  plain and simple, honest, unadorned, sincere  bark (of a tree)  uncarved or unworked wood  original nature, inherent quality ᵰ shb  kill, slaughter  fight, go into battle  abate, reduce  hurt, smart  counteract  extremely (particle used after a verb to indicate action of the verb in the extreme) ᵳ quán  power, authority, right, privilege  privileged or advantageous position/status  tentative(ly), for the time being, provisional(ly)  {written} sliding weight of a steelyard; counterpoise  {written} weigh, consider  {written} expediency  means to an end  Quan (surname) ụ chí  pool, pond  enclosed space with raised sides (like a flower bed, orchestra pit, etc.)  front section of a theatre; orchestra  moat  Chi (surname) ⅊ huw  ash; ashes (from a stove)  coal  powder, dust  lime, mortar  gray, ashen (colour)  dejected, discouraged, disheartened  {Yangzhou dialect} trash, garbage ➉ zhú  bamboo; bamboo slip (used as writing material)  bamboo (one of the Bbywn ඵ㡢 "Eight classifications of sound" in ancient Chinese music)  Zhu (surname) ⫙ jw  muscle ⯉ shé  tongue  sth resembling a tongue (like peak of a hat, tongue of a flame)  tongue, clapper (of a bell, etc.)  sharp words, verbal battle, language 䇭 feng  satirize, mock, ridicule  chant, intone 䇮 shè  establish, set up, set  plan, arrange  suppose, presume  if, suppose ㎿ xùn  quick, rapid, fast, swift 䰝 bì  shut, close  obstruct, block (up)  inaccessible  close, con-



clude (a meeting, etc.)  Bi (surname) 䰟 chudng  rush, charge, dash  bust through (a barrier)  run (a red light)  (leave home to) gain experience (in the world, in real life); experience  toughen oneself by battling through dangers  travel in search of livelihood  be busy running around  incite, provoke (sth undesirable) 㜵 fáng  guard against, take precautions against, be on the alert, prevent  defend, guard, protect  dike, embankment  Fang (surname) 䱥 zhèn  battle formation  (battle) position, battlefield  period of time  {measure word} (for a brief period, like a rain shower, a burst of applause, a gust of wind) 䱦 jic  stairs, (flight of) steps, step  degree, class, rank (like official, military)  rely on, depend on  {geosciences} stage క bàn  companion, partner  accompany, keep sb company ఙ shcn  stretch out, extend, straighten, hold out (like one's arms, legs, etc.)  redress (a wrong, an injustice)  Shen (surname) వ yú  surplus, remaining, leftovers  (number, amount) odd, over  after (e.g., after hours) ష fó  Buddha; Buddhism; statue/image of Buddha; Buddhist scripture/sutra ఽ yxng  hire, employ  charter  a servant, hired help ර bwng  weapons, arms  warrior, soldier, common soldier, private, troops, army, the military  attack  kill (with weapons)  harm, injure  {Chinese chess} Privates/Soldiers (on the red side; equivalent to the Pawns in Western chess) ߫ dòng  freeze  congeal, jelly  be cold, be benumbed (with cold), be chilled (to the bone)  Dong (surname) ึ chy  (at the) beginning of, (during the) first part of, (during the) early stage of  first, initial  beginning/early part of  first (in order) 

initially, just  elementary  for the first time  rudimentary, elementary, beginning  original  primitive  the first ten day period of a lunisolar month  Chu (surname) ࡐ shbn  delete, cut out, strike out ࣢ jìn  strength, energy  vigour, zeal, spirit  manner, air  interest, gusto ࣣ láo  work, labour, toil  (preceding a request) "may I trouble you..."  fatigue  service, meritorious deed  Lao (surname) ৯ xiàn  county, district, subdivision  the Imperial domain, China  (in Japan) prefecture, ken ྲ dyn  {unit of measure} ton (t); tonne (t) (as a metric tonne, usually gxngdyn බᄊ/බྲ) ྵ hán  hold in the mouth  include, contain, hold, bear, imply, suggest  cherish, harbour, nurse (as intentions, feelings, ideas, etc.) ྐྵ qf  open  begin, initiate, start  enlighten, inform  inform, state  note, short and informal letter  character used with one's signature at the end of a letter  right flank (of a military formation)  Qi (surname) ྿ chuw  blow, puff (with the mouth)  (of the wind) blow  play (a wind instrument)  brag/boast (about); praise, tout, exaggerate/overstate the merits of sth/sb  (of plans) fall through; (of boy/girl friends) break off/up  flatter ࿀ wen  (of humans) lips; touch with the lips, kiss, a kiss  (of animals) snout, muzzle ࿈ dbi  dull, dumb, idiotic, slow (witted); slow to react  stare blankly; blank, in a daze, stupefied  stay (also written ᚅ) ‫( ۅ‬in TW also pronounced ái) ᆒ jyn  equal, even, balanced  average  all, without exception  harmonious  potter's wheel  tuning device ጁ miào  excellent, wonderful  ingenious, subtle ጉ fáng  hinder, interfere with,



impede, obstruct, disturb, hamper  impair, harm  hindrance, obstacle Ꮥ xiào  filial piety  mourning  mourning dress  Xiao (surname) ᑑ shòu  long life, longevity  age, life  birthday (mostly of an elderly person)  (prepared) for burial (like of a coffin, graveclothes during one's lifetime)  Shou (surname) ᑿ wei  tail, rear (end)  remainder, remaining part, remnant  {measure word} (used for fish) ᒁ jú  part, portion  {admin} bureau, department, office (e.g., post office, telephone office)  shop  {measure word}... game(s) of... (used for sports events like ping-pong, ball games, games of chess, etc.)  chessboard  chess game, state of play in a chess game  game, set, inning  situation, position, state of affairs  breadth of mind, magnanimity, tolerance  gathering, party  ruse, trap, trick  restrain, constrain, restrict ዋ ddo  island ᓃ kù  storehouse, warehouse, armory  treasury, vault  {electrical} coulomb  Ku (surname) ᙧ xíng  shape, form, appearance  substance, entity  look, appear  compare ᖫ chè  penetrate, pervade  penetrating  thorough(ly), complete(ly), to the end, to the bottom ᚸ ren  endure, bear  enduring, tough  have the heart to, be cruel enough to  restrain, control ᡄ jiè  guard against, avoid  warn, admonish  give up, abstain from  religious discipline (of Buddhists)  finger ring  order, command ᢇ fú  support with the hand, hold on for support  straighten up, hold up, prop up  help, assist, lend a hand  Fu (surname) ᢒ chbo  copy, transcribe  plagiarize  raid, invade, loot  search for and confiscate  copy (sth from), plagiarize  take (a shortcut)  fold one's arms (in the sleeves)  Chao

(surname) ᢜ zhub  seize, grab, grasp  scratch (with fingernails, claws, etc.)  arrest, catch, seize  stress, attach importance to  (usu. of sb with some measure of leadership responsibility) take charge of (a task), take on, work on  attach (like attention)  (Guangzhou) pinch ᢞ tóu  throw, toss, fling  put in, insert  input, invest  send, submit  project (e.g., moonlight), cast (e.g., a shadow)  join, enter, go to  fit in with, agree with, be congenial to  approaching/before (dawn/dusk)  Tou (surname) ᢟ dgu  shiver, tremble, quiver, shake, flick, jerk  rouse, stir up  expose/disclose the inside story  {satirical} be ostentatiously rich and successful, throw one's weight around ᢠ kàng  resist, fight  refuse, oppose  Kang (surname) ᣒ qidng  rob, plunder, loot, snatch, seize  vie to be first, grab  rush, hasten ἀ chén  sink, go under, be submerged  subside  submerge, lower, sink  deep, profound  feel heavy or uncomfortable  addicted to Ἇ gxu  ditch, drain, trench, channel, narrow waterway  rut, groove, gutter, furrow, cleavage, gap  gully, ravine ἷ fàn  {written} float, drift  cover, spread, emerge, emit  general, extensive, unspecified, non-specific  {figurative} shallow, superficial  flood, inundation; inundate, flood  pan-... (like fàn-Mei ἷ⨾ "pan-American") ⅋ líng  nimble, clever  soul  spirit, fairy  miraculous  magic  of or pertaining to the spirit world  efficacious, effective  witch, sorceress (esp. in the Ch ᴆ region)  good, beneficial (like rain)  Ling (surname) ⅐ zbi  calamity, disaster, catastrophe  (one's) misfortune ≧ zhuàng  form, shape, appearance  condition, state of affairs



≨ yóu  just like, just as  still, yet, even  You (surname) ≬ kuáng  mad, crazy, insane  violent, fierce  wild (like with joy), unrestrained (emotion)  arrogant  mad dog ⯇ liáo  treat, heal, cure ⓕ zào  black  soap  runner, messenger, office boy, menial servant (as in a government office in former times)  manger  a team of twelve horses ⚾ sw  private, personal  selfish  secret, confidential  illegal, illicit, smuggled  have an illicit love affair  show favouritism  everyday clothes  private parts, genitals  Si (surname) 㓟 chún  pure, clean, unadulterated, unmixed  skilful, well-versed, familiar with, fluent in  net (profit, etc.)  sincere, honest  great (happiness, etc.)  silk 㓢 gbng  rope  headrope, headline (of a fishing net)  {figurative} the main point, guiding principle, key link, outline, program  {biology} a class, the class  {history} transport convoy moving certain goods in large quantities (like tea, salt, granite, etc.)  numerous, profuse, many 㓧 fcn and various  in disorder, chaotic, confused, tangled  streamer at the top of a flag Ⰻ liáng  good  good people (esp. in contrast to bandits, prostitutes, etc.)  very  fine, exquisite (like porcelain)  pleasant  my husband (form of address for wife to husband) 㺕 b  mend, patch, fix, correct  supplement, make up for  take a restorative to improve one's health  help, benefit  appoint to office  embroidery on official garments 䇺 zhen  examine, see (a patient)  observe and examine, diagnose ㇋ dòu  beans, peas, legumes, pulses  something resembling a bean or pea  {archaic} cup, bowl; vessel for holding sacrificial food  Dou (surname)

䍑 gòng  {history, admin} tribute; high quality (good enough for tribute); select (talented people), recommend (talented people) to the imperial court  [G-] (short for Xwgòng す㈉/す䍑) Saigon  Gong (surname) 䍒 cái  wealth, money, riches, possessions ㏉ fdn  return, come back, go back 䘍 wéi  disobey, violate, defy  be apart, be separated  avoid, evade  evil, wicked 䰢 xián  idle, leisurely 㜼 z  hinder, obstruct  strategic place  dangerous, difficult (road, etc.)  be uncertain, have doubts  rely on  {electrical} resistance 䱶 lù  land  road, overland route  Lu (surname) 㯏 mài  wheat  barley, oats, rye (etc.)  {electrical, unit of measure} Maxwell (unit of magnetic flux)  Mai (surname) ஋ gubi  (of a child) well-behaved, obedient, well-mannered, "good"; clever, bright, smart, "sharp"  {written} unreasonable, odd, strange, eccentric, abnormal, perverse; violate, go against ா xidng  enjoy (happiness, good fortune, etc.)  receive (a sacrifice) ి pèi  wear (on the belt or at the waist)  respect, esteem, admire ‫ۅ‬ (used like pèi ⌝/ి "pendant or similar adornment [worn at the waist in ancient times]) ౫ yw  rely on, depend on  obey, comply  according to, in the light of  lean on/against  snuggle up to  luxuriant ඦ tù  rabbit, hare ณ píng  depend/rely on  on the basis of, by, with (sth as proof/documentation/grounds)  by, by virtue of, on the strength of, with (the help of some quality/attribute/power); (going) according to, going by, with (sth as a guide for one's action)  no matter (how, what, where, when, etc.)  proof, evidence  {written} lean on/against, prop/support oneself on 



Ping (surname) ่ cì  stab, prick, pierce, prod  (of an irritant liquid, smell, etc.) irritate, bite, stimulate  assassinate  criticize, satirize  pry (into), make (secret or roundabout) inquiries, spy (on sb)  thorn, splinter, sting  {written} visiting card, calling card எ yf  yi (the second of the ten Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  the second in a series, b (in the series a, b, c, d, etc.)  the second watch of the night  character used for "1" to prevent alteration, forgery, etc.  Yi (surname) ୎ dwng  a man, male adult  family member; population  (as a suffix, denoting a person with a specific occupation) -worker (as in yuándwng ᅬ ୎/ᅒ୎ "gardener")  ding (the 4th of the 10 Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  4th (in a series)  {food/cuisine} diced or cubed pieces of meat or vegetables  {written} meet, encounter  Ding (surname) ཁ chdng  factory, plant, workshop, mill  (storage) yard, shed (for coal, etc.)  {history} the tax collecting agency during the Míng ᫂ Dynasty ѹ yì  righteousness, justice  righteous, just  friendship, relationship  adopted, adoptive  false (teeth, hair, etc.); prosthetic (limb, etc.)  meaning, sense, significance  Italy  Yi (surname) ґ xibng  village, countryside, rural area  sb's native place, home town, home village  {history} rural administrative unit of 12,500 families (dating from the Zhou Dynasty)  administrative unit under a county ҿ kuw  lose (money, etc.), have a deficit  be deficient, be short of, lack  treat unfairly  luckily, fortunately, thanks to  (used to scold sb when the speaker thinks the person's words or behaviour are unexpectedly incompatible with his/her qualifications, status, etc.) some (expert you are), what kind of (man are you), have the nerve to (say that, ask such a ques-

tion, come up with such an idea)  (of the moon) wane ซ fán  ordinary, common, commonplace; usual(ly), general(ly)  all, every, any, everything, everybody, whenever  {written} in all, altogether, all inclusive  {written} an outline; the gist of...  {Chinese music} fan (note in the Chinese musical notation gxngchep ᕤᑻ㆕/ᕤᑻ䉡) ໗ sháo  {archaic} spoon, ladle ছ wèi  guard, protect, defend  sentry, guard  garrison station for troops (Míng ᫂ Dynasty)  arrow feathers  Wei (state in southern Hébei Ἑ໭ and northern Hénán Ἑ༡ Provinces during the Zhxu ࿘ Dynasty)  Wei (name for the city of Tibnjwn ኳ ὠ)  (used for transcription of syllables sounding like -wei- in foreign names)  Wei (surname) ཫ chb  (pick sth up with a) fork, work with a fork ᅵ t  soil, earth, dust  ground, land, territory  local, native, indigenous  unrefined, home-made, rustic, uncultured, crude  (raw) opium  Tu (surname) ኤ xw  sunset  evening  dusk  slanting, oblique ଢ଼ chgu  ugly, hideous (in contrast to mei ⨾ "beautiful, pretty")  unpleasant, disgusting, contemptible, abominable, scandalous  {dialect} bad (as in píqi chgu ⭁Ề㓶/⭁ẻଢ଼ "bad-tempered") ஈ fá  lack; be lacking, wanting; be short of  tired, fatigued, weary  {dialect} exhausted, worn out, spent; useless, worthless ࣍ quàn  advise, try to persuade/urge (to do sth), make recommendations  encourage, foster, admonish ໛ yún  even, uniform  even up/out, divide evenly  spare, take (from sth to use elsewhere) ༉ pf  {measure word} (for a bolt of silk or cloth) ༖ shcng  rise, ascend, hoist (in contrast to jiàng 㝆 "fall, drop") 



{unit of measure} litre  sheng (dry measure for grain equal to one litre)  sheng (measuring device holding approx. one litre)  ripe, mature  sheng (diagram in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Sheng (surname) ঵ twng  hall (for gatherings, ceremonies, receptions, etc.)  office (as part of a large organization)  department or bureau of a provincial government  {history} administrative unit (established for new territories opened up during the Qwng Ύ Dynasty) ᑻ chf  {unit of measure} Chinese "foot" (0.3 meters)  ruler (measuring instrument)  drafting implements (like a T-square); drawing tool(s)  sth shaped like a ruler ᕧ jù  huge, gigantic  the most, the extreme  {young people's slang} extremely, ultra-  Ju (surname) ᕮ bb  long for, hope for, wait for  cling (like to a wall), stick (like to a cooking pot)  crust (like on a cooking pot)  {colloquial} be close to, be next to  open  {physics} bar (unit of pressure)  {transport} bus  {grammar} (final particle used for emphasis)  Ba (ancient state in presentday Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province)  the Ba people (ancient ethnic group in Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province)  eastern Sìchubn ᅄᕝ Province  (short for ᕮີ ᪁ᆠ Bblèswtdn) Palestine  (short for ᕮᇶ᪁ᆠ Bbjwswtdn) Pakistan  Ba (surname) ᗁ huàn  unreal, imaginary, illusory, visionary, hallucinative  an illusion, hallucination  changeable  a trick, dupe  magic ᩯ dòu  fight, struggle, combat  make animals fight (as a spectacle or game)  compete with, contend with, contest  accuse and denounce at a meeting  fit together, come together, piece together, join ᮌ mù  tree, wood, timber, lumber; wooden, made of wood  Mu (surname)

Ḟ qiàn  owe  not enough, lacking, wanting  a yawn  raise (a part of the body) slightly ⋤ wáng  king, sovereign, monarch, prince, duke  head, chief, lord  largest/first of its kind, strongest, best  {written} senior, grand  Wang (surname) 䇒 dìng  book/reserve (a seat for travel, a ticket, etc.), order (merchandise, etc.), subscribe to (a periodical)  work out, draw up (an agreement, treaty, etc.), agree on, conclude  correct/revise/collate (text)  staple together 䍍 bèi  shellfish  cowry  Bei (surname) 䱏 duì  line-up (of people), queue  {sports} team  {music} band; orchestra  {military} troop, column of soldiers  {measure word}... column(s) of...(used for troops, and groups of people lined up in rows) ୤ bfng  bfng (third of the ten tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  third (in a series)  fire  Bing (surname) э sw  silk, silk fabric(s), silk thread  sth threadlike resembling silk (like copper wire, cobweb, etc.)  {measure word} (used for sth very thin, like hair[s], light beam[s])  {food/cuisine} shreds (of meat, vegetable, etc.)  {measure word} (used for abstract items like illusions, feelings, impressions, hope, etc.)  one tenthousandth of certain units of measure  {unit of weight} 0.5 mg  {unit of length} 3.3 micrometres  a tiny (little) bit, very small quantity ௜ fù  give, hand over, turn over, deliver, commit  pay  {measure word} (used like fù ๪)... set(s) of...,... pair(s) of... (used for things in pairs like spectacles, or things in sets)  a (certain) look/expression (used to indicate a certain facial expression)  Fu (surname) ௧ lìng  {admin, military} give/issue an order, command, decree; an order  cause, make (sb do sth or be a certain way)  season, time of year 



{formal, written} your (father, mother, etc.)  {admin, history} a magistrate  Mora (a finger-guessing game, like Rock-Paper-Scissors, commonly played on drinking occasions)  {poetry} short poem or song  Ling (surname) ඗ xixng  elder brother  {formal} elder brother (form of address used by males of the same generation or older)  elder brother (form of address used among male friends) ෋ cè  book, volume (often within a series)  {measure word} (of books) volume, copy  {history, administrative, written} confer a (feudal) title ࠫ jw  strike, hit, beat, knock  attack, assail, raid  kill, assassinate  collide with, bump into, come in contact with (sb or sth) ໠ cxng  hurriedly, hastily  in a hurry ༨ zhàn  occupy  account for, make up, constitute  seize, take by force  keep, preserve, protect, guard, watch over ྂ g  ancient, old, age-old, archaic  ancient times  {literature, art} of ancient style, classical (like classical-style poetry)  {written} simple, honest, sincere  Gu (surname) ྊ zhào  summon, beckon, gather  convene, call together  inspire, guide  an Imperial decree  a temple, monastery  Zhao (surname among the Ddi ത nationality) Ꮼ nìng  (would) rather/better...  {written} could it be that...?  Ning (surname) ᕸ bù  cloth  (used like bù థ/ᕸ) spread, circulate, disseminate  declare, announce, state to the public  arrange, deploy  donate, give (like to a charity)  Bu (surname) ᗂ yòu  young  children  nurture (i.e. children) ᪦ dàn  {written} daybreak, dawn  day (like New Year's Day)  {theatre} (female role traditionally played by males in the Chinese opera)  {textiles} denier (measure of thread)

ᮍ wèi  has not (done sth), did not, not yet  not (as in wèibì ᮍᚲ, "not necessarily")  wèi (8th of the twelve Dìzhw ᆅᨭ "Earthly Branches")  Wei (surname) ≷ huì  collect, gather together, assemble  collection, assemblage ⚝ miè  go out (of a fire, light, etc.)  extinguish, put out, turn off  drown  wipe out, exterminate, destroy ≢ fàn  violate (the law, a prohibition, etc.), offend (sb), encroach upon; go/act against, attack, infringe upon, break the law; commit (a crime, mistake, etc.)  offender, criminal, culprit  (of mistakes, sth bad, an illness, etc.) happen (again), (re)occur ⋢ yù  jade  pure, beautiful  Yu (surname) ⏞ shudi  wave, swing  throw, fling  throw off, cast off, leave behind  (of insects or fish) lay eggs ⏣ tián  field, farmland  go hunting  Tian (surname) ⏥ jid  jia (first of the ten Tibngbn ኳᖸ "Celestial Stems")  first (place, etc.)  shell (like tortoise shell)  nail (like fingernail)  armour  soldier  jia measure of land equal to 0.97 hectares  Jia (surname) ▩ máo  spear, lance  {Chinese astronomy} Gamma of Bootes ▼ shí  stone, rock, pebble  stone inscription  {Chinese medicine} stone needle (used in ancient times in acupuncture)  Shi (surname) ❧ lì  stand  stand up, set up  erect, vertical  establish  Li (surname) 䇝 xùn  lecture, admonish  teach, instruct; teachings, instructions, precepts  train; training  norm, standard  exegesis, explanations, interpretations 䇟 xùn  news, report  information, message  ask, inquire, interrogate, question 䰚 shdn  dodge, sidestep, get out of the way  twist, wrench (the body)  sprain  lightning  flash, shine 



glitter, glisten  leave behind, cast off  Shan (surname) 嗉 lóng  {mythology} dragon (which in Chinese tradition has good connotations)  symbolic of the Emperor; Imperial  Long (surname) ӗ chdn  give birth to, bear  produce, manufacture, yield; product, produce  estate, property, possessions ௹ fdng  imitate, copy, follow the example of, use as a model  a copy, replica, model (like for practicing calligraphy)  resemble, be similar, be like ௻ qf  business, enterprise  stand on tiptoe  await eagerly, long for ఌ hug  meals, food, board; mess, dining hall  partner, companion, mate, friend; partnership  {measure word}... group(s) of...,... band(s) of...,... gang(s) of... (used for groups of people or crowds)  unite, join together, combine Տ wei  great, big  grand, magnificent  Wei (surname) ఝ sì  similar, alike, resembling  seem, appear  compared with, more and more, increasingly ඘ chxng  full, ample, sufficient  fill, charge (like a battery)  act as, serve as  play the part of, pose as  Chong (surname) ߋ jyn  armed forces, the military  army, corps  largest garrison post during the Táng ၈ Dynasty  military area during the Sòng Ᏽ Dynasty  army (as largest military unit, theoretically 12,500 men) ෨ chxng  flush, wash away, rinse  take a shower  pour (boiling) water on (as in making tea), mix (like medicine) with water or wine  (of film) develop  {accounting} offset, cancel out  surge, rush forward (of water)  rise vertically into the air  Chong (surname)  pound (with mortar and pestle)  {dialect} plateau in hilly land ࡋ chuàng  start, establish, initiate, create, achieve (sth for the first time)

ຎ liè  poor, inferior, of low quality (in contrast to yxu ඃ/Ո "excellent, superior")  evil, bad ॾ huá  splendid, magnificent, radiant, glorious; splendour, magnificence, radiance, glory  (of the sun, etc.) corona  flourishing, prosperous; prosperity  the best, the cream  extravagant, flashy, sumptuous, luxurious  a time, years (in sb's life)  grey, grizzled (as in huáfà ⳹㧩/ॾਁ "gray hair")  {written, formal} your  {geosciences} mineral sediments in spring water  [Huá] China; Chinese (language)  Hua (surname) ॿ xié  common, joint, mutual  help, assist, aid  in harmony, in concert  union (of shops, colleges, etc.)  regiment of troops (during the Qwng Ύ Dynasty) ྤ tù  vomit, throw up, retch  give up against one's will, give unwillingly, cough up, disgorge ྦྷ hè  threaten, intimidate  scare, frighten  {interjection} Humph! (or the like, expressing resentment, disapproval, etc.) ഒ tuán  group, organization  {military} regiment, corps, league  roll, ball, wad  unite  {measure word}... roll(s) of...,... ball(s) of...,... bale(s) of...,... mass(es) of... (used for things that appear in a rolled/rolling mass, like paper, fire, clouds, etc.)  {measure word}... complex of... (used for an abstract concept, like darkness, hope, suspicion, a mess, etc., can only be preceded by the numeral yw ୍ "one") ዁ kub  exaggerate, boast, brag, talk big  praise, commend ཀྵ jib  press from two sides, pinch, squeeze  clip (paper, etc., together)  carry under one's arm  place/stay in between  intersperse, mix, mingle  clip, clamp, holder, folder ྷ fù  married woman, wife  woman Ꮡ cún  exist, live; survive  keep, store, preserve  gather, collect,



accumulate  deposit (money)  check sth in, leave sth behind (to be claimed later, like one's hat and coat, car, baggage)  keep, reserve, retain  (of merchandise) be in stock  {figurative} (of feelings, hopes, intentions, etc.) harbour, cherish Ᏹ y  eaves  house, building  universe, space, world  demeanor, bearing Ᏺ shgu  guard, protect  keep watch, look after, inspect  heed, observe  nearby, close  Shou (surname) ᑎ sì  temple, monastery (usu. Buddhist)  mosque  government office  eunuch ራ xún  seek, search, look for, try to find  {unit of measure} xun (measure of length equal to eight chf ᑻ "Chinese feet")  Xun (surname) ᑤ jibn  point, tip  pointed, tapered, sharp  (of sounds, voice, etc.) shrill, piercing  keen, sharp (like eyes, ears)  sharp-tongued  the best, the highest quality, the cream of the crop  {regional} miserly, calculating, stingy ቈ chén  dust  this (mortal) world  trail, trace  contaminate, pollute  {Buddhism} the senses  Chen (surname) ᒶ qìng  congratulate, celebrate  occasion for celebration  award, reward  happiness, benevolence  Qing (surname) ᘏ yán  extend, prolong, lengthen  delay, postpone  engage (like a tutor, a doctor on a temporary basis)  Yan (surname) ᡸ tux  entrust, commission, consign, leave with, deposit  rely on, depend on  give as a pretext, use as an excuse, plead  ask, request  send (a message) indirectly ᢗ zhí  hold, grasp  be in charge of, manage, wield (power)  stick to (one's views, etc.), insist on, be determined to  execute, carry out, conduct  {literary} capture  written acknowledgement (like a receipt) 

{literary} intimate friend, bosom friend, soul mate, alter ego  {dialect} straighten up, tidy up  Zhi (surname) ᪪ xún  a ten-day period  (when stating a person's age in decades, mostly for people sixty or over) a ten-year period ᮔ p  plain and simple, honest, unadorned, sincere  bark (of a tree)  uncarved or unworked wood  original nature, inherent quality ᵰ shb  kill, slaughter  fight, go into battle  abate, reduce  hurt, smart  counteract  extremely (particle used after a verb to indicate action of the verb in the extreme) ᵳ quán  power, authority, right, privilege  privileged or advantageous position/status  tentative(ly), for the time being, provisional(ly)  {written} sliding weight of a steelyard; counterpoise  {written} weigh, consider  {written} expediency  means to an end  Quan (surname) ụ chí  pool, pond  enclosed space with raised sides (like a flower bed, orchestra pit, etc.)  front section of a theatre; orchestra  moat  Chi (surname) ⅊ huw  ash; ashes (from a stove)  coal  powder, dust  lime, mortar  gray, ashen (colour)  dejected, discouraged, disheartened  {Yangzhou dialect} trash, garbage ➉ zhú  bamboo; bamboo slip (used as writing material)  bamboo (one of the Bbywn ඵ㡢 "Eight classifications of sound" in ancient Chinese music)  Zhu (surname) ⫙ jw  muscle ⯉ shé  tongue  sth resembling a tongue (like peak of a hat, tongue of a flame)  tongue, clapper (of a bell, etc.)  sharp words, verbal battle, language 䇭 feng  satirize, mock, ridicule  chant, intone 䇮 shè  establish, set up, set  plan, arrange  suppose, presume  if, suppose ㎿ xùn  quick, rapid, fast, swift



䰝 bì  shut, close  obstruct, block (up)  inaccessible  close, conclude (a meeting, etc.)  Bi (surname) 䰟 chudng  rush, charge, dash  bust through (a barrier)  run (a red light)  (leave home to) gain experience (in the world, in real life); experience  toughen oneself by battling through dangers  travel in search of livelihood  be busy running around  incite, provoke (sth undesirable) 㜵 fáng  guard against, take precautions against, be on the alert, prevent  defend, guard, protect  dike, embankment  Fang (surname) 䱥 zhèn  battle formation  (battle) position, battlefield  period of time  {measure word} (for a brief period, like a rain shower, a burst of applause, a gust of wind) 䱦 jic  stairs, (flight of) steps, step  degree, class, rank (like official, military)  rely on, depend on  {geosciences} stage క bàn  companion, partner  accompany, keep sb company ఙ shcn  stretch out, extend, straighten, hold out (like one's arms, legs, etc.)  redress (a wrong, an injustice)  Shen (surname) వ yú  surplus, remaining, leftovers  (number, amount) odd, over  after (e.g., after hours)  Buddha; Buddhism; staష fó tue/image of Buddha; Buddhist scripture/sutra ఽ yxng  hire, employ  charter  a servant, hired help ර bwng  weapons, arms  warrior, soldier, common soldier, private, troops, army, the military  attack  kill (with weapons)  harm, injure  {Chinese chess} Privates/Soldiers (on the red side; equivalent to the Pawns in Western chess) ߫ dòng  freeze  congeal, jelly  be cold, be benumbed (with cold), be chilled (to the bone)  Dong (surname) ึ chy  (at the) beginning of, (during the) first part of, (during the)

early stage of  first, initial  beginning/early part of  first (in order)  initially, just  elementary  for the first time  rudimentary, elementary, beginning  original  primitive  the first ten day period of a lunisolar month  Chu (surname) ࡐ shbn  delete, cut out, strike out ࣢ jìn  strength, energy  vigour, zeal, spirit  manner, air  interest, gusto ࣣ láo  work, labour, toil  (preceding a request) "may I trouble you..."  fatigue  service, meritorious deed  Lao (surname) ৯ xiàn  county, district, subdivision  the Imperial domain, China  (in Japan) prefecture, ken ྲ dyn  {unit of measure} ton (t); tonne (t) (as a metric tonne, usually gxngdyn බᄊ/බྲ) ྵ hán  hold in the mouth  include, contain, hold, bear, imply, suggest  cherish, harbour, nurse (as intentions, feelings, ideas, etc.) ྐྵ qf  open  begin, initiate, start  enlighten, inform  inform, state  note, short and informal letter  character used with one's signature at the end of a letter  right flank (of a military formation)  Qi (surname) ྿ chuw  blow, puff (with the mouth)  (of the wind) blow  play (a wind instrument)  brag/boast (about); praise, tout, exaggerate/overstate the merits of sth/sb  (of plans) fall through; (of boy/girl friends) break off/up  flatter ࿀ wen  (of humans) lips; touch with the lips, kiss, a kiss  (of animals) snout, muzzle ࿈ dbi  dull, dumb, idiotic, slow (witted); slow to react  stare blankly; blank, in a daze, stupefied  stay (also written ᚅ) ‫( ۅ‬in TW also pronounced ái) ᆒ jyn  equal, even, balanced  average  all, without exception  harmonious  potter's wheel  tuning device ጁ miào  excellent, wonderful 



ingenious, subtle ጉ fáng  hinder, interfere with, impede, obstruct, disturb, hamper  impair, harm  hindrance, obstacle Ꮥ xiào  filial piety  mourning  mourning dress  Xiao (surname) ᑑ shòu  long life, longevity  age, life  birthday (mostly of an elderly person)  (prepared) for burial (like of a coffin, graveclothes during one's lifetime)  Shou (surname) ᑿ wei  tail, rear (end)  remainder, remaining part, remnant  {measure word} (used for fish) ᒁ jú  part, portion  {admin} bureau, department, office (e.g., post office, telephone office)  shop  {measure word}... game(s) of... (used for sports events like ping-pong, ball games, games of chess, etc.)  chessboard  chess game, state of play in a chess game  game, set, inning  situation, position, state of affairs  breadth of mind, magnanimity, tolerance  gathering, party  ruse, trap, trick  restrain, constrain, restrict ዋ ddo  island ᓃ kù  storehouse, warehouse, armory  treasury, vault  {electrical} coulomb  Ku (surname) ᙧ xíng  shape, form, appearance  substance, entity  look, appear  compare ᖫ chè  penetrate, pervade  penetrating  thorough(ly), complete(ly), to the end, to the bottom ᚸ ren  endure, bear  enduring, tough  have the heart to, be cruel enough to  restrain, control ᡄ jiè  guard against, avoid  warn, admonish  give up, abstain from  religious discipline (of Buddhists)  finger ring  order, command ᢇ fú  support with the hand, hold on for support  straighten up, hold up, prop up  help, assist, lend a hand  Fu (surname) ᢒ chbo  copy, transcribe  plagiarize  raid, invade, loot  search for and confiscate  copy (sth from), pla-

giarize  take (a shortcut)  fold one's arms (in the sleeves)  Chao (surname) ᢜ zhub  seize, grab, grasp  scratch (with fingernails, claws, etc.)  arrest, catch, seize  stress, attach importance to  (usu. of sb with some measure of leadership responsibility) take charge of (a task), take on, work on  attach (like attention)  (Guangzhou) pinch ᢞ tóu  throw, toss, fling  put in, insert  input, invest  send, submit  project (e.g., moonlight), cast (e.g., a shadow)  join, enter, go to  fit in with, agree with, be congenial to  approaching/before (dawn/dusk)  Tou (surname) ᢟ dgu  shiver, tremble, quiver, shake, flick, jerk  rouse, stir up  expose/disclose the inside story  {satirical} be ostentatiously rich and successful, throw one's weight around ᢠ kàng  resist, fight  refuse, oppose  Kang (surname) ᣒ qidng  rob, plunder, loot, snatch, seize  vie to be first, grab  rush, hasten ἀ chén  sink, go under, be submerged  subside  submerge, lower, sink  deep, profound  feel heavy or uncomfortable  addicted to Ἇ gxu  ditch, drain, trench, channel, narrow waterway  rut, groove, gutter, furrow, cleavage, gap  gully, ravine ἷ fàn  {written} float, drift  cover, spread, emerge, emit  general, extensive, unspecified, non-specific  {figurative} shallow, superficial  flood, inundation; inundate, flood  pan-... (like fàn-Mei ἷ⨾ "pan-American") ⅋ líng  nimble, clever  soul  spirit, fairy  miraculous  magic  of or pertaining to the spirit world  efficacious, effective  witch, sorceress (esp. in the Ch ᴆ region)  good, beneficial (like rain)  Ling (surname) ⅐ zbi  calamity, disaster, catastrophe  (one's) misfortune



≧ zhuàng  form, shape, appearance  condition, state of affairs ≨ yóu  just like, just as  still, yet, even  You (surname) ≬ kuáng  mad, crazy, insane  violent, fierce  wild (like with joy), unrestrained (emotion)  arrogant  mad dog ⯇ liáo  treat, heal, cure ⓕ zào  black  soap  runner, messenger, office boy, menial servant (as in a government office in former times)  manger  a team of twelve horses ⚾ sw  private, personal  selfish  secret, confidential  illegal, illicit, smuggled  have an illicit love affair  show favouritism  everyday clothes  private parts, genitals  Si (surname) 㓟 chún  pure, clean, unadulterated, unmixed  skilful, well-versed, familiar with, fluent in  net (profit, etc.)  sincere, honest  great (happiness, etc.)  silk 㓢 gbng  rope  headrope, headline (of a fishing net)  {figurative} the main point, guiding principle, key link, outline, program  {biology} a class, the class  {history} transport convoy moving certain goods in large quantities (like tea, salt, granite, etc.) 㓧 fcn  numerous, profuse, many and various  in disorder, chaotic, confused, tangled  streamer at the top of a flag Ⰻ liáng  good  good people (esp. in contrast to bandits, prostitutes, etc.)  very  fine, exquisite (like porcelain)  pleasant  my husband (form of address for wife to husband) 㺕 b  mend, patch, fix, correct  supplement, make up for  take a restorative to improve one's health  help, benefit  appoint to office  embroidery on official garments 䇺 zhen  examine, see (a patient)  observe and examine, diagnose ㇋ dòu  beans, peas, legumes, pulses  something resembling a bean or pea  {archaic} cup, bowl; vessel

for holding sacrificial food  Dou (surname) 䍑 gòng  {history, admin} tribute; high quality (good enough for tribute); select (talented people), recommend (talented people) to the imperial court  [G-] (short for Xwgòng す㈉/す䍑) Saigon  Gong (surname) 䍒 cái  wealth, money, riches, possessions ㏉ fdn  return, come back, go back 䘍 wéi  disobey, violate, defy  be apart, be separated  avoid, evade  evil, wicked 䰢 xián  idle, leisurely 㜼 z  hinder, obstruct  strategic place  dangerous, difficult (road, etc.)  be uncertain, have doubts  rely on  {electrical} resistance 䱶 lù  land  road, overland route  Lu (surname) 㯏 mài  wheat  barley, oats, rye (etc.)  {electrical, unit of measure} Maxwell (unit of magnetic flux)  Mai (surname) ஋ gubi  (of a child) well-behaved, obedient, well-mannered, "good"; clever, bright, smart, "sharp"  {written} unreasonable, odd, strange, eccentric, abnormal, perverse; violate, go against ா xidng  enjoy (happiness, good fortune, etc.)  receive (a sacrifice) ి pèi  wear (on the belt or at the waist)  respect, esteem, admire ‫ۅ‬ (used like pèi ⌝/ి "pendant or similar adornment [worn at the waist in ancient times]) ౫ yw  rely on, depend on  obey, comply  according to, in the light of  lean on/against  snuggle up to  luxuriant ඦ tù  rabbit, hare ณ píng  depend/rely on  on the basis of, by, with (sth as proof/documentation/grounds)  by, by virtue of, on the strength of, with (the help of some quality/attribute/power); (going) according to, going by, with (sth as a guide for one's action)  no matter (how, what, where, when, etc.) 



proof, evidence  {written} lean on/against, prop/support oneself on  Ping (surname) ่ cì  stab, prick, pierce, prod  (of an irritant liquid, smell, etc.) irritate, bite, stimulate  assassinate  criticize, satirize  pry (into), make (secret or roundabout) inquiries, spy (on sb)  thorn, splinter, sting  {written} visiting card, calling card ኳ tibn  day  sky  weather  the heavens  Tian (surname) ᖸ gbn  {archaic} a shield  {written} offend, affront  be implicated in, have to do with, be concerned with, be preoccupied with  interfere  pursue, seek (like a position, benefits, etc.)  {written} the shore, bank (of a body of water)  {measure word} this group of... (used for persons, like nà yw gbnzi rén 㑣୍ᖸᏊே "those people, that gang")  the (ten) Celestial Stems (tibngbn ኳᖸ)  Gan (surname) ᅒ yuán  garden, orchard or similar place where plants are grown  park or similar place of public recreation  Imperial tombs *ᅒ ᫂ míng  bright, clear, evident  open, overt  tomorrow; next (year)  know, understand  Ming (dynasty, 1368-1644)  Ming (surname) ᕤ gxng  work, labour; worker, labourer  (construction/engineering) project  industry  (short for gxngchéngshw ᕤ⛬ᖌ/ᕤ⛬ᐸ) engineer  man-day  craftsmanship, workmanship, skill  be expert at, be good at, be versed in, be skilled in (like the arts)  excellent, exquisite  {Chinese music} "gxng" (3rd note in the traditional Chinese musical scale gxngchep ᕤᑻ㆕/ᕤᑻ䉡); musician ᑻ chf  {unit of measure} Chinese "foot" (0.3 meters)  ruler (measuring instrument)  drafting implements (like a T-square); drawing tool(s)  sth shaped like a ruler 䉡 p  chronological table, record, register  a guide, manual (like a

chess manual)  {music} music (score)  compose, set to music  certainty, confidence  airs, pose, pretense ໗ sháo  {archaic} spoon, ladle Ἑ hé  river  {astronomy} the Milky Way  (short for Huáng Hé 㯣 Ἑ/㯤Ἑ) Yellow River, the Huang He  {Chinese chess} the River (divides the two sides, between the fifth and sixth rank)  He (surname) ໭ bei  north  go north  toward the north, northward  be defeated ༡ nán  south  Nan (surname) ࿘ Zhxu  {history} the Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 BCE)  the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581 CE)  the Later Zhou Dynasty (951-960 CE)  assist, relieve, help  Zhou (surname)  (used like zhxu 㐌/࿘) week  time cycle  circuit  go round, make a circle  all around, all over  thoughtful, attentive ὠ jwn  saliva  moisten; benefit, help  ford, ferry crossing  Tianjin ⨾ mei  beautiful, pretty  beautify  good  [M-] America  the USA  American ⭁ pí  spleen ẻ qì  gas, air  power  vigour, spirit  weather, climate  thin clouds  make angry  get angry  fate, destiny  {Chinese philosophy} formative or creative spirit  {Chinese med} qi, vital energy; functions (of internal organs); symptom (of a disease); nutrition *ẻ ଢ଼ chgu  {theatre} clown, jester, comedian  chou (second of the twelve Dìzhw ᆅᨭ "Earthly Branches")  chou (1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m., one of the twelve two-hour periods of the day)  Chou (surname) 㝆 jiàng  fall, drop, go down (in contrast to shcng ᪼/༖ "rise, ascend, hoist")  (of an airplane) land  reduce, lower, curtail  Jiang (surname) ᫆ yì  easy (in contrast to nán



㞴/䳮 "difficult")  amiable, unassuming  change  exchange, barter  battle  despise  {archaic} lizard, chameleon  the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes"  Yi (surname) 㓿 jwng  through  go through, pass through  regular, frequent, constant  the classics, the scriptures  {physiology} menses  hang oneself  Jing (surname)  {Buddhism} sutra  the warp (in fabric, in contrast to wei ⦋/㓜 "woof")  longitude  lengthwise alignment Ύ qwng  clear  clean  still, quiet  honest, impartial  eliminate, get rid of  simple, plain  completely, entirely  clean up, eliminate undesirable elements  pay off (a debt), settle (an account)  [Q-] the Qwng Ύ Dynasty (1644-1911 CE)  Qing (surname) ᅄ sì  four, 4  Si (surname) ᕝ chubn  river, stream  plain, level land  (short for Sìchubn ᅄᕝ) Sichuan Province ີ lè  {written} bridle, halter, headstall  rein in  coerce, force, compel  {military} command (an army, etc.)  carve, inscribe, engrave  {physics, unit of measure} lux  {calligraphy} the horizontal stroke in ancient Chinese calligraphy  Le (surname) ᪁ sw  (used to transliterate the "s" sound in foreign words)  this  then  here  {phonetic, physics, measurement} slug (unit of mass)  Si (surname) ᆠ tdn  level, flat, smooth  candid  calm  Tan (surname) ᇶ jw  base, foundation (of a building, road, etc.)  fundamental, primary, basic, rudimentary, cardinal  {chem} base, group, radical ๪ fù  {admin} assistant, deputy, vice-, under-; assistant position  auxiliary, secondary, subsidiary, second-in-command, complementary (when prefixed to an occupation or sb's office title, indicates secondary or assistant status)  comply with, fit, corre-

spond to  {measure word}... set(s) of...,... pair(s) of... (used for things in pairs like spectacles, or things in sets)  a (certain) look/expression (used to indicate a certain facial expression) ത Ddi  {ethnology} the Ddi ത nationality (living in Yúnnán 㞼༡/ப༡ Province) Ꮼ nìng  (would) rather/better...  {written} could it be that...?  Ning (surname) ᕸ bù  spread, circulate, disseminate  declare, announce, state to the public  arrange, deploy  donate, give (like to a charity) ᚲ bì  surely, certainly, necessarily  must, have to  obstinate, stubborn  if, in case  act resolutely  silk rope  Bi (surname) ᆅ dì  earth, ground, land, floor, soil, field(s), farmland  place, locality, site, area  situation, position  background (of a painting, calligraphy, etc.)  (following specification of distance) a distance of... (e.g., shí gxnglf dì ༑බ㔛ᆅ "a distance of 10 km")  (suffix, forming an adverb from an adjective, e.g., gboxìng 㧗⯆/㧗‫" ޤ‬happy" + dì ᆅ yields gboxìngdì 㧗⯆ᆅ/㧗 ‫ޤ‬ᆅ "happily"; in this function often pronounced "de") ᨭ zhw  support, prop up  set up  stand, bear, sustain  protrude  put (sb) off, send away  pay out (money)  branch (of a bank, etc.)  {measure word}... unit(s)... (used for long thin objects, like pens, pencils, candles, rifles, flutes, cigarettes; for songs or melodies; for troops, armies, fleets; for electric power in watts; for textile counts)  the dìzhw ᆅᨭ "12 Earthly Branches"  Zhi (surname) ၈ Táng  the Tang Dynasty (618907)  the Later Tang ᚋ၈/ྡྷ၈ Dynasty (923-936, one of the Five Dynasties)  China  Chinese  vast, big  pompous  futile, in vain  the approach to a temple  Tang (surname) Ᏽ Sòng  the Sòng Ᏽ Dynasty (960-1279 CE)  the Song (Chinese character) typeface/font  Song (sur-



name) Ո yxu  excellent, outstanding, superior (in contrast to liè ຎ "poor, inferior, low-grade")  {literary} ample, abundant  give preferential (or special) treatment  {archaic} actor, actress (esp. in opera)  {classical} in harmony, in concert  {classical} weak, indecisive  {classical} crack jokes  {classical} leisurely  You (surname) *Ո ਁ fà  hair (on the head) ਁ fb  issue, send out, distribute  launch, discharge, shoot  produce, generate  leave for, set out for  (preceding an adjective denoting a feeling like ldn ᠯ/᠂ "lazy", rudn ㌾/䖟 "soft", rè ⇕/✝ "hot", etc.) feel..., grow..., get...  (before an adjective of colour, taste, smell, etc.) appear..., be... -ish, be... -ly, be on the... side (like fbzf ⓐ⣸/ਁ⣸ "be purplish", fbchòu ⓐ⮯/ਁ⮯ "be smelly", fbtián ⓐ⏓/ਁ ⏓, "be on the sweet side,", etc.)  speak, utter  become rich  diffuse, disperse  expose, open up  start/begin (an action)  {measure word}... round(s) of...(used for ammunition: shells, cartridges, rounds, projectiles, etc.) ྤ tù  vomit, throw up, retch  give up against one's will, give unwillingly, cough up, disgorge ྦྷ hè  threaten, intimidate  scare, frighten  {interjection} Humph! (or the like, expressing resentment, disapproval, etc.) ୍ yw  one, 1  alone  whole  once...  Yi (surname) ᮔ p  plain and simple, honest, unadorned, sincere  bark (of a tree)

 uncarved or unworked wood  original nature, inherent quality ඵ bb  eight, 8 (note on pronunciation: when followed by a word in the fourth tone, the reading of bb ඵ changes to bá [second tone]) 㡢 ywn  sound (especially musical)  news, information, tidings  syllable  {physics} tone බ gxng  public, collective, government-owned, state-owned; make public  general, common  official (affairs/business)  fair, just, impartial, equitable  (of measure units) international, metric  (of animals) male (in contrast to m ẕ "female")  duke (the highest of the five titles of nobility in feudal times)  Gong (surname) *ྲ ᚅ dài  wait (for), await  need, require  be about to, going to, planning to  treat, deal with  host, entertain (guests)  when, by the time... ᴆ ch  {written} neat, clean, clear  suffering, pang (of pain)  {bot} Chinese chastetree, Vitex negundo  Chu (name for the region of Húbei †໭ Province and Húnán †༡ Province, esp. Húbei †໭ Province)  Chu (ancient state during the Western Zhou Dynasty in northern Húbei †໭ Province)  Chu (one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties [Wdài ஬௦, 907-960 CE])  Chu (surname) す xw  west; western, occidental; the West, the Occident  {phonetic} (Xw) (short for Xwbbnyá す⌜∳) Spain; Spanish  Xi (surname) ి pèi  pendant or similar adornment (worn at the waist in ancient times)



Part 5C ⪵ liáo  tentatively, for the time being  somewhat, slightly  chat  ringing in the ears  Liao (surname) 㙼 zhí  duty, job  office, post, position  be in charge of, administer, manage  {formal, archaic or TW usage} your subordinate  {written} for ⬺ tux  (of hair, skin, etc.) shed, lose  come off  (of clothing, a hat) take off  extricate oneself, get out of, escape  break free/away from  omit  {written} neglect, slight, not take sth serious  {grammar, written} if, in case, supposing that  Tuo (surname) ╔ zhe  {grammar} (verb suffix, comparable to "-ing", indicating that an action is in progress); be -ing (used to indicate a state that is presently in existence and ongoing [e.g., mén kbizhe 㛛 㛤ⴭ/䰘ᘙ╔ "the door is open"])  (used after verbs or adjectives to make them more emphatic in meaning)... indeed  (used as a suffix to form certain prepositions) (like shùnzhe 㡰ⴭ/亪╔ "along", cháozhe ᮅⴭ/ᮅ╔ "facing, towards", etc.) ⿄ dài  bag, pouch, sack; pocket  {measure word}... bag(s) of...,... sack(s) of...,... packet(s) of... (used for contents of a bag, sack, like flour, salt, cement, fertilizer, etc.)  {measure word}... pipe(s) of... (used for the amount of tobacco filled into a pipe and smoked, e.g., chxu yw dài ybn ᢳ୍⿄ⅼ "smoke a pipe of tobacco") ㇟ xiàng  elephant  elephant's tusk, ivory  imitate  appearance, image  sign, indication  symbolize  phenomenon, manifestation  {Chinese chess} Ministers/War Elephants, Elephants (on the black side)  xiang (dance)  Xiang (surname) ㊥ jù  distance (between, from)  spur (on legs of certain birds)  go to 㝶 suí  follow  comply with,

go along with  listen to, let (sb do as he pleases), leave it up to (sb)  with, along with, in compliance with  in passing, as one pleases, at one's convenience  {colloquial} look like, resemble, take after  (used before two verbs or verbal phrases to indicate that the first action is immediately followed by the latter) as  {divination} Sui (one of the sixty-four hexagrams in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Sui (ancient state during the Western Zhou Dynasty in Sui County, Húbei † ໭ Province)  Sui (place during the Chynqiy ᫓⛅ Period [770-476 BCE] in Jiexiu, Shbnxw ᒣす Province)  Sui (surname) 㯞 má  hemp, flax (and other fibrous plants)  sesame  rough, rugged, coarse, lusterless  pockmarks; pockmarked, speckled, spotted  feel a prickling/tingling sensation; prickle, tingle, be numb, dead  prickling sensation, tingling, numbing (in Chinese cooking, usually refers to the hot tingling taste of Sichuan peppercorns)  hempen mourning garments  Ma (surname) ഌ fù  {written} teach, instruct  teacher, instructor, tutor  {history} assist the ruler in governing the country  {written} attach, put on; adhere/stick to  Fu (surname) ഫ ào  proud, arrogant, haughty, conceited, overbearing  defiant, unyielding ๦ shèng  be left over, remain  surplus, remainder, leftover(s) ༤ bó  abundant, plentiful, ample, rich  (of garments) wide, big, loose  knowledgeable, well-informed, learned, erudite  win, achieve, gain; gamble  barter, exchange  great, grand  Bo (surname) ᐩ fù  rich, wealthy (in contrast to pín ㈋/䍛 "poor", or qióng ❓/ェ "poor")  riches, wealth, resources, property  enrich  rich in...  abun-



dant, plentiful, sufficient, ample  Fu (surname) ᐮ hán  cold, chilly, frigid  poor, impoverished  tremble with fear, be terror-stricken  humble, my humble...  Han (surname) ᑛ zyn  senior (in position or age)  respect, revere, venerate, honour  {formal} your (of a person or thing)  zun (wine vessel)  {measure word} (used for a religious statue, or an artillery piece like a cannon)  Zun (surname) ទ yú  happy, merry, cheerful, joyful ᤸ zhdng  the palm  slap, hit with the palm  be in charge, control  the bottom of the foot of various animals  horseshoe  sole (of a shoe)  sew on a shoe sole  add (soy sauce, etc.)  hold, grasp  Zhang (surname) ᥱ wò  grasp, hold  make a fist ᩓ sdn  fall apart, break up, come loose  scattered, loose, apart  {med} medicinal powder, medication in powder form  San (surname) ᬒ jfng  scenery, view, sight, landscape  condition, circumstance, situation  scenery/setting (of a play, etc.); scene (of a play)  Jing (surname) Ჲ zàn  for a short time, of short duration, temporary  temporarily  for the time being ᬬ sh  heat (in contrast to cold)  hot weather, the heat of summer ᭰ tì  replace, substitute for, take the place of  for, in place of, on behalf of  decline, wane, deteriorate  stop, discontinue ᳃ scn  dense forest  {written} multitudes, myriads; in large numbers, in profusion  dark, gloomy  stern, strict ᳈ kc  {measure word} (for trees, plants) ᳜ zhí  plant, grow  establish, set up   wcn  warm, lukewarm  temperature  warm up (like wine, water)  review (like one's lessons)  {med}

acute communicable diseases  Wen (surname) ‵ shw  wet, moist, damp, humid  humidity ⊮ hóu  monkey  {dialect} clever person; (mostly of children) clever, smart, mischievous, naughty  squatting on one's heels (like a monkey)  spinning top, spintop ⍆ qín  {music} seven-stringed plucked musical instrument  (general name for certain musical instruments, e.g., gbngqín 㗰⍆/䫒⍆ "piano"; ᑠᥦ⍆ "violin"; húqín ⬌⍆ "huqin", a two-stringed bowed instrument; yángqín ᥭ⍆/ᢜ⍆ "dulcimer"; fcngqín 㢼⍆/仾 ⍆ "organ"; shgufcngqín ᡭ㢼⍆/ᡭ仾⍆ "accordion"; mùqín ᮌ⍆ "xylophone")  (another name for gqín ྂ⍆) old style (seven-stringed) zither  Qin (surname) ◳ yìng  hard (vs. soft)  (of attitude) firm, tough  obstinately, insistently  (manage) with great effort  able (person), quality (merchandise) ◴ què  true, authentic, real  solid, firm, reliable  precise, literal, concrete ⛬ chéng  journey, trip; stage of a journey, distance traveled  rule, regulation, law  process, procedure, order, sequence, rate, limit  pattern, formula  measure, calculate, estimate  Cheng (ancient state in the area of present Shdnxw 㝐す/䲅す Province)  Cheng (surname) ⛮ shbo  a little, slightly  grow gradually ❊ chubng  window ❺ tóng  child  virgin  bald, bare  hornless bull or ram  benighted  Tong (surname) ⩉ xiàn  envy (in a positive sense), admire  surplus  surpass  overflow  Xian (surname) 㚄 lián  connect, join, link  relate, be associated with  ally (oneself) with, unite with  federation, league, union (used in names of organizations, short for liánhé weiyuánhuì ⫃ྜ ጤဨ᭳/㚄ྜጤઈ఍, liánhéhuì



⫃ྜ᭳/㚄ྜ఍)  joint; jointly, in coordination  {poetry} (antithetical) couplet (two-line Chinese poem employing parallelism)  {measure word} ( ඤ/ඒ r) copy (of a receipt, voucher, etc., in duplicate or triplicate)  {history} lian (administrative designation of ten families during the Zhou Dynasty) ⭁ pí  spleen 㐢 biàn  everywhere, all over  {measure word} (for repeated actions, preceded by a numeral) once through, one time (through)  all the way through, thoroughly, through and through 䟺 shì  interpret, explain, elucidate  eliminate, dispel  let go, lay down  release (from prison)  emit, send out  Sakyamuni (abbreviation for Shìjibmóuní 㔚㏑∹ᑽ/䟺㏑∹ᑽ)  Shi (surname) 㔞 liàng  capacity, capability  quantity, number, amount, volume 㞟 jí  collect, gather, assemble  a (rural or small town) market or fair  collection (of writings), anthology  part, volume, sequel (of a book, film, etc.)  a set  {written} (of a flock of birds) perch (in a tree)  Ji (surname) 僇 piàn  deceive, fool (by lies, tricks, etc.); kid, pull (sb's) leg  swindle, cheat (sb) ረ sù  model, mold, sculpture  plastic ሸ tián  fill, even off, stuff  fill (like a vacancy), add to  write, fill out (like a form)  {onom} the sound made by a drum, etc. ᚤ wci  tiny, minute, few  slightly, a little  micro-  adjust, conceal  Wei (surname) ᬮ nudn  warm, genial  warm (literally or figuratively) ᬯ àn  dim, dark, obscure  secret, clandestine, stealthy, hidden  vague, unclear ᴫ gài  general, approximate  all, without exception, categorically, absolutely  the manner, deportment,

the bearing/carrying of oneself  {written} the circumstances, scene, situation ⚗ jìn  forbid, prohibit, ban  take into custody, imprison, detain, put behind bars  taboo, what is forbidden (by law, ethics, custom, etc.)  (as forbidden area) Imperial grounds ⚟ fú  good fortune, blessing, happiness, luck  {archaic} (of women) make a curtsy (with the hands crossed on the chest)  (short for Fújiàn ⚟ᘓ) Fujian Province  Fu (surname) ㆮ qibn  sign (one's name or make one's mark)  write brief summarizing comments on a document ⩌ qún  crowd/group (of people, animals, islands)  {measure word} group, swarm, flock, herd  congregate, gather together ⪸ pìn  engage, invite  hire (a professional)  go on a diplomatic mission (in ancient times)  betroth  marry off (a girl) 䗃 shy  transport  contribute, donate  lose (in contrast to yíng ㉝/䎒 "win")  {colloquial} input (=shyrù ㍺ධ/䗃ධ) 䭞 jiàn  key  metal door bolt  key (of a keyboard, etc.) 㰘 g  {music} a drum  sth shaped like a drum  beat, strike, drum  blow/blast (air), work with a bellows (as in the steel mill term gfcng 㰘㢼/㰘仾 "blast [air into a furnace], work with a bellows")  (of things that are too full) swell, bulge 喴 líng  age, years  number of years, length of time, seniority Ⴟ sòu  cough ້ qiáng  wall ᐹ chá  examine, scrutinize  inspect, look into  observe, notice, see  know clearly and in detail ‫ ۅ‬ᐹ is short for Cháhb'er ᐹအ∞/ᐹအቄ "Qarhan" or "Chahar," formerly a province (now incorporated into Hebei and Shanxi) ះ mù  admire, long for  Mu (surname)



ᩙ qibo  strike, beat, knock, tap  {colloquial} type, key in, input (on a keyboard)  fleece, rip off  short truncheon ḵ qiàn  deficient, insufficient  poor crop, crop failure, food shortage  not have enough food  apology  feel sorry/regretful ₔ màn  overflow, flood  all over, everywhere  unrestrained, casual  dirt, filth  inundate and ruin ␲ yí  doubt, suspect  doubtful, questionable  guess, conjecture ⟶ gudn  tube, pipe, duct  {music} wind instrument  {electrical/electronics} valve, tube  {measure word} (used for pens, long-barreled guns, [toothpaste] tubes and other things in the shape of long hollow cylinders)  {admin} manage, run, administrate, control  be responsible for, have jurisdiction over, be in charge of, exercise discipline over (sb)  take an interest in, concern oneself with, care about, mind  provide, guarantee  {grammar} (in the construction gudn ⟶... jiào ྉ...) call sth... (used as an auxiliary verb to introduce the direct object that is being called..., like bd ᢕ)  {regional, Beijing} from (e.g., shì tb gudn wg yào de ᫝௚⟶ᡃせⓗ "He asked me for it")  to, toward  {regional} whoever, no matter who/what/if...  Guan (surname) ⢭ jwng  clever, sharp  refined, choice  extract, essence  excellent, best  fine (in contrast to cy ⢒ "rough, crude, coarse")  skilled, proficient  vigour, energy  sperm  {med} essence (of life, reproduction, etc.)  polished white rice ⭯ gbo  grease, fat, oil; cream, paste, ointment  {agriculture} (of soil) fertile ㇺ mào  looks, appearance, countenance  appearance, shape, form  polite, respectful  {classical} portray, depict  {surname} Mao 䎊 zhuàn  make a profit (in contrast to péi ㈺/䎄 "incur a loss")  a profit  {dialect} earn money, make money

㎥ là  hot (of taste), peppery, spicy, pungent  (of taste, smell) burn, sting, bite  {figurative} ruthless, vicious 㓟 subn  sour, tart, acidic  {chem} an acid  grieved, sad, heartsick  sore, aching  priggish, pedantic, hidebound (esp. used to ridicule a scholar) ቔ zcng  add, increase ᧐ zhuàng  bump into, collide  bump into, meet unexpectedly  sound out, feel out  rush or dash about  swindle out of ᧛ bx  spread, broadcast  disperse, scatter  sow (seeds)  move, migrate  abandon, give up ⇍ shú  ripe  thoroughly cooked, done  processed, refined  familiar, acquainted, well-known (to sb)  experienced, skilled, versed (in sth)  deeply, soundly, profoundly ⠍ pibn  essay, written work  sheet of paper (with writing on it)  {measure word} (used for writings like essays, articles, manuscripts, etc.)  {measure word}... sheet(s)/page(s) (used for a sheet or page of a book, etc.) ㊁ tàng  {measure word} trip, time (used for a round trip); (used for a trip to or from, or a round trip, usu. with verbs like lái ౗/᮶, qù ཤ, pdo ㊝, huí ᅇ)  run (used for runs of a train, bus, etc.) {measure word} (used for a set or sequence of martial arts movements performed)  {measure word} {regional} row (used for things lined up in rows) ㌩ tdng  lie down, recline  lay down, put down ნ zuf  mouth; beak  anything shaped or acting like a mouth (like the mouth of a bottle)  manner of speaking  lazy  sluggish, languid, ᠂ ldn listless ᩚ zheng  whole, complete, entire (in contrast to líng 㞽 "fragmentary, fractional")  orderly, neat, tidy  put in order, rectify  repair, fix  bully



 punish, fix  make sb suffer  {regional} do, make, handle  {math} positive (number) ⃭ jw  dash, splash, surge (like of water, waves, etc.)  (cause to) become ill after being cold and wet; catch a cold  chill, ice (foods, etc.)  incite, arouse, stimulate, excite  (of feelings, etc.) stirred, touched, moved  fierce, violent, drastic, radical  (of colour) bright  Ji (surname) 㑋 ybo  invite  receive (like a favour, etc.)  seek, request  block, intercept  weigh 㓰 xfng  recover consciousness (after being drunk, under anesthesia, in a coma)  be sober (not drunk)  wake up (from sleep)  realize, wake up to  clear, distinct  striking (to the eye) 㯱 mò  silent  write down from memory  dark, dim  graft, corruption ᡝ dài  wear, don, put on, (like a hat, eyeglasses); be dressed in  sup-

port, uphold, honour, esteem  Dai (surname) ᧿ cb  apply, put on (like makeup)  rub, scratch  wipe (like one's hands, a table)  brush, scrub  brush (past)  grate, shred (vegetables, etc.) ⇱ zào  dry  {med} dryness 䎒 yíng  win (in contrast to shy ㍺/䗃 "lose")  reap a profit  excessive, over ⩻ fbn  turn (over, around, upside down, inside out, etc.)  translate, interpret  look/rummage through, search  change, overturn, overthrow, reverse; take back  go over, go across, cross (mountains, hurdles, etc.)  {colloquial} have a falling-out, quarrel, break up (a relationship)  change, suddenly turn hostile  double (an amount) ㆙ jfng  be on guard, be on the alert  warn, put on the alert  alarm (like fire alarm)  police



Part 5D ᦐ gdo  do, be engaged in, carry on  make, work out, formulate, produce  organize, set up, start (a business, etc.)  get (hold of), secure, arrange for  cause to become... (indicates the producing of a certain effect, as in gdo qwngchu ᦐΎᴆ "get clear on, find out for certain") ᩴ shè  absorb, take in, assimilate  take a photo  {written} conserve (like one's health, energy)  act in place of/on behalf of/for  capture, kidnap  frighten ᩶ bdi  put, place, arrange, lay  speak, put it, set forth, state clearly  put on (airs), show off  swing, sway, oscillate  {physics} pendulum  {clothing} (used like bdi 㾜/᩶) lower hem of a garment  {Buddhism} mass gathering or religious service during Buddhist festivals (in the Ddi ത nationality areas of China) ᩷ yáo  swing, sway, shake  disturb, harass  rising, ascending  Yao (surname) ᦼ mx  feel  touch (gently)  caress, stroke  grope/fumble (for sth); feel one's way; grope in the dark  sound out, feel out, try to find out Ḵ xic  take a rest, take a break; stop (working)  go to sleep  short period of time  distribute, issue ※ yuán  source, fountainhead  source, origin, cause  Yuan (surname) ┊ gn  roll, tumble  (of water, smoke, etc.) roll in/along, billow, surge  roll around in (as flour, snow); get increasingly bigger, snowball  {abusive} beat it, buzz off, get lost  boil  {tailoring} apply (a border or trim to an edge) ┙ tbn  beach  shoal ₍ mò  desert  indifferent, unconcerned  silent ↦ jibn  pan-fry (like fish, bean curd, eggs, in shallow oil)  simmer (in water), decoct (like medicinal

herbs)  {measure word}...times decocted (used for the number of times medicinal herbs have been decocted) ↴ méi  coal  soot ⊩ xiàn  offer, present  show, display  Xian (surname) ☀ ài  obstruct, hinder, block, be in the way  deter ☁ suì  in pieces  in form of powder or dust  loose ☗ pèng  bump, knock against  meet, bump into  try, take a chance ⢡ liáng  grain, cereals, food, provisions  {archaic} grain tax paid in kind ⨥ zuì  crime, offense  blame, guilt  hardship, suffering ⨨ zhì  put, place  establish, set up  buy, purchase (comparatively large items)  post, relay station (in ancient times) ⭜ ybo  waist  {clothing} the waist (of pants, etc.)  {pottery/porcelain} waist (of a vessel)  pocket, purse  the middle of sth  geographical feature resembling the waist (like a strait)  the kidney(s)  string (of money, etc.) ⯄ jiù  uncle (mother's elder or younger brother)  brother-in-law (wife's elder or younger brother)  father-in-law (husband's father) ⻏ fcng  bee, honeybee  wasp  {figurative} (move or converge on sth) in swarms, in an uncontrolled manner ⿰ yì  posterity, descendants  of... descent/ancestry (e.g., Huáyì Jibnádàrén ⳹⿰ຍᣡ኱ே/ॾ⿰ຍᣡ኱ ே "a Canadian of Chinese descent", "a Chinese Canadian")  {written} a distant land  the border, fringe (of a garment)  Yi (surname) ゐ chù  hit, bump into, butt, ram; (of a horned animal) ram with the horns  touch, come into contact with  touch, move (emotionally), stir up sb's feelings  offend, violate  Chu



(surname) ㄃ yù  fame, reputation  praise  pleased, happy 䉘 jfn  careful, cautious, prudent  respectful, solemn (thanks, etc.) 䓢 dug  hide (oneself), go into hiding  avoid, dodge, hide from, find shelter from 䗁 jí  compile, edit  volume, part (of a set of books, documentary series, etc.) ㎡ cí  word(s), speech, expression, phrase  diction, phraseology  take leave  resign, hand in one's resignation  dismiss, discharge  decline, refuse to accept  dodge, evade, shirk  (used like cí モ/䇽) words (of a speech, song, etc.)  wording, language  {linguistics} word, character compound, expression 䞡 jiàng  paste or sauce made from fermented beans or flour  pickle (vegetables) in sauce or soy, cook (meat) in soy  pickled vegetables  paste or sauce-like foods (like sesame paste, peanut butter, jam) 㞾 léi  {meteorology} thunder  {weaponry} a mine (land-, sea-, etc.)  Lei (surname) 䴮 wù  fog, mist  mist, fine spray 仁 pín  frequently  frequency  critical, desperate  knit the brows  side by side 㰡 sh  rat, mouse ჆ jib  fine, good, nice, excellent  laud, praise, commend  Jia (surname) ᦫ shubi  hurtle down, plunge, crash  (cause to) fall and break  throw, toss, fling, hurl  beat, knock (like mud off one's shoes) ᦬ zhbi  pluck, pick, take off  take off (hat, glasses, necktie etc.)  select (like extracts, excerpts)  borrow money to meet an emergency  reprimand, reprove ᶍ mó  model, standard, pattern  copy, imitate, pattern after  fine example, model (person or thing) ⁲ dw  (of water, sweat, etc.)

drip (down)  let drip, administer in drops (e.g., liquid medicine)  {measure word}... drop(s) of... (used for drops of water or other liquid) ₃ lòu  leak (literally, like water, gas or figuratively, like information)  water clock, clepsydra, hourglass  leave out, omit  entice, seduce  avoid, escape (like classification as a rich landlord)  {med} (internal) bleeding, hemorrhage ⍵ lí  glass ☢ cí  magnetism; magnetic  porcelain, chinaware っ wen  steady, stable, firm  steady, sedate  stability  reliable, safe  sure, certain 㕙 sux  shrink, contract, be reduced, get smaller  recoil, draw in or back, shrink back, withdraw, retreat  Suo (surname) ⪹ jù  assemble, gather  collect, accumulate  village, hamlet  {chem} poly⭉ f  rotten, putrid, stale; rot, decompose  {food/cuisine} bean curd ⭤ pbng  {med} swell; swollen, bloated; swelling ⭬ bó  arm  large chunk of meat  {archaic} dismemberment (as a form of punishment) ⻤ mì  honey  candied, honeyed, sweet ⻧ là  wax  candle 々 gug  wrap, bind, tie up  sth wrapped or bound; a package, bundle, parcel  make off with sth, round up, press into service, pressgang  {dialect} (of a nursing baby) suck ㇦ háo  an outstandingly talented person  a person of extra-ordinary powers/talents/endowments  bold, daring, unrestrained  tyrannical, despotic, coercive  rich and powerful  {zool} a quill, spine (of a porcupine)  Hao (surname) 仇 kc  {measure word} (for small roundish things: grains, pearls, teeth, cabbages, stars, hearts, bullets, grenades; and, by extension, also for bombs)  small roundish thing



係 mán  steamed bread  steamed dumplings 㧢 máo  {classical} handsome and talented person  (used in the word for "fashionable" shímáo ᫬㧢/ᰦ㧢) 㨩 mèi  demon  bewilder კ zh  instruct, enjoin, bid  entrust (sb with a task) ᚫ dé  virtue, morality, good character, ethical character  heart, mind, soul  favours, acts of kindness  {suffix} (indicates ethics or morality of the preceding noun,like ywdé 㓾ᚫ/་ ᚫ "medical ethics")  (short for Déguó ᚫᅧ/ᚫᅜ) Germany, German  De (surname) ្ huì  bright, intelligent, clever  crafty, cunning  {Buddhism} wisdom ៘ wèi  comfort, console  be relieved, have one's mind put at ease ᦶ mó  touch, feel with the hand, rub, scrape  caress, stroke  {figurative} mull over, study, fathom  {physics, unit of measure} (short for mó'er ᦶ∞/ᦶቄ) mole (unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance) ᧊ sw  rip, tear ᶓ héng  from east to west, latitudinal  horizontal  across, trans-, transverse, at a right angle (to sth)  from east to west; from west to east  traverse, put crosswise, criss-cross  in profusion, without restraint, in disorder  violently, forcibly, fiercely, flagrantly (as in héngjib ᶼຍ/ᶓຍ "deliberately, wilfully, forcibly, flagrantly")  {calligraphy} the horizontal stroke in a character  {dialect, interjection} anyway, anyhow, in any case  {dialect} most likely, probably  Heng (surname) ᶶ xiàng  oak tree  rubber tree ▁ xib  blind  blindly, foolishly, recklessly  misfire  tangle ⢶ hú  paste, glue  stick on with paste, glue (on)  (used like hú ➣) (of food, clothing, etc.) burnt  (used like hú 㤍) porridge, congee, gruel ⶰ shy  vegetables, greens

⼕ hú  butterfly ⼖ dié  {zool} butterfly ㇧ yù  {classical} hesitantly  {classical} pleased, happy  peaceful, comfortable  beforehand, in advance  Yu (name for Hénán Ἑ༡ Province)  {divination} Yu (one of the sixtyfour hexagrams in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Yu (surname) 䑙 cdi  step on, tread on, trample on  {figurative} belittle, diminish, trample on  {archaic} track or hunt down robbers/bandits, investigate in a criminal case 㑂 zyn  obey, comply with, follow, abide by 㓩 zuì  drunk, intoxicated  be infatuated (with), indulge (in) 㓫 cù  vinegar  {figurative} jealousy (in particular in love affairs) 㟈 zhèn  shake, vibrate, quake  earthquake  lightning  shock, astonish  Zhen (one of the Bbguà ඵ༬ "Eight Trigrams" in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆ 㓿 "Book of Changes", used for divination according to Taoist beliefs) 㟊 méi  mold  mildew 㠁 kào  lean on  keep to, be or stay near  near, close to  depend on  trust, rely on  armour (as worn in Chinese opera) 伈 pibo  flutter, float (like flags, snowflakes)  whirlwind   [P-] Gone With the Wind (1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell and 1939 film based on the novel) ჾ qì  instrument, tool, implement, utensil  {physiology} organ  talent, ability  tolerance, patience, magnanimity, forbearance  {regional} think highly of (a subordinate/junior) ቨ bì  wall, cliff  rampart  fortress, encampment  side, aspect  {Chinese astronomy} Bi (one of the twenty-eight Lunar Mansions) ᠍ hàn  regret; feel regretful; be regrettable  {classical} hate; hatred, enmity ᧯ cbo  hold (in the hand), grasp, wield  do/operate/handle



(sth)  speak (a language or a dialect)  a drill, exercise  one's conduct, behaviour, morality, principles  Cao (surname) ⇞ rán  burn, light, ignite  bright red, fire red ⷧ báo  thin, meagre, slight, small  frail, not strong, not solid  unkind, mean, frivolous, not generous  (of emotions, treatment of others, etc.) cold  light, weak (like of wine)  (of land) infertile  look down upon, despise, belittle, diminish  {written} approach, draw near ‫( ۅ‬the literary pronunciation is "bo", which is used in certain formal words/phrases; "báo" is the colloquial pronunciation, used in expressions from everyday life) ⼥ róng  melt, thaw  merge, mix together, fuse  circulate (of money)  light, bright  Rong (surname) ⾮ héng  {instrument} the scaled arm of a steelyard; scales (or any other weighing device)  a weight; weigh  {figurative} weigh, judge, consider  Heng (surname) 䎎 zàn  help, support, assist, aid  guide, introduce  Zan (surname) 䗙 biàn  debate, dispute, argue  administer, rule 㑊 bì  avoid, shun, evade  repel, keep away  prevent 㣶 cbn  eat, dine  meal, food  {measure word} (for meals) ᄕ tì  sneeze ▍ qiáo  {colloquial} look, see  read ⣆ zbo  (the zhòuwén ⡚ᩥ "Greater Seal Script" form of zbo ⣆) (brewers'/distillers') grains  pickled (in wine, or with grains)  rotten, wretched, worn out  in bad shape, in a mess

⦾ fán  complex, complicated (in contrast to jidn ⡆/ㆰ "simple")  busy  numerous (and various)  (of livestock, etc.) procreate, multiply ⸝ cáng  hide, conceal  store, hoard, collect, lay in  Cang (surname) 僔 zhòu  run fast (of a horse)  sudden, abrupt  repeatedly ‫( ۅ‬TW pronunciation zòu) 㠴 bibn  a whip  iron rod (as a weapon)  anything resembling a whip  string of small firecrackers  bamboo root ㋽ dyn  squat (on one's heels)  be idle, stay (in one place), idle/hang about ᄭ rdng  yell, shout  kick up a fuss, argue heatedly, make an uproar, quarrel noisily  scold, reproach, reprimand ⡠ jí  book, written record  roll, register, list of names  sb's native place, birthplace, home town  membership (in an organization, etc.)  nationality, citizenship (as in Meiguó jí ⨾ ᅧ⡠/⨾ᅜ⡠, or short Meijí ⨾⡠ "[of] US citizenship")  affiliation  place of household registration (e.g., ໭ி⡠)  Ji (surname) 㟢 lù  dew  beverage distilled from flowers, leaves or fruit  outdoors, in the open air, exposed  reveal, show; betray ⨑ guàn  jar, jug, pitcher, pot, tank  {food/cuisine} can, tin (with a beverage or canned food in it)  {measure word}... jar(s) of...,... pitcher(s) of...,... pot(s) of..., can(s) of... (used for the contents of jars, jugs, pitchers, pots, tanks, cans, etc.)  {mining} coal tub




         






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ⲯ♇ંԩ୰⹤ HSK Level 6

≹䈝≤ᒣ㘳䈅 ⲯ઻ Chinese Characters



HSK Exam Level 6 Part 6 A Character List

଴ ᯄ হ ݅ ိ ჹ ᛙ ⨕ լ ௃ ౯ ൘ ⦷ ֐ ച ഝ ਸ ໞ ҉ ‫ا‬ ࣼ ᛛ Ⳁ ̫ Ⱬ ⮨ ൄ ⮆ ౒ П ▟ ˽ ▔ ́ ▀

˾ ⛸ ᧛ ႆ ᝖ ⩚ ⅉ ⵚ ᜾ ච ᨂ ✐ ♈ ♏ ટ ໤ ഹ ข ป ⮲ ⰱ గ Ҡ ӑ ઉ ೨ ⱹ ⦞ ૗ ⲏ ઼ ⱼ ⦹ ൧ ☞

⥵ ໢ ℘ ⅑ ໑ ແ ፃ ూ ໌ ◗ ә ૪ ு ୣ ⳽ ☃ ⲳ ⮬ ☋ ⨄ ◾ ⫫ ॕ ൅ ෥ ള ❃ ඊ ⤜ ‫ح‬ ᵨ ✬ ᷻ ἒ ▫

‫܋‬ ⵁ ⸠ ☵ ⦥ ⅖ ֭ ો ᄹ Ꮌ ⠂ ⧈ ⵪ ࣑ ມ Փ ⸁ ၡ ໘ ႎ ს ⵓ ው ⵃ ߗ ๹ ▕ კ ⶷ ༎ ⅕ ࢦ Ⲷ ՚ ߶



࠺ ⴋ Έ ⵞ ૆ ⧮ ѧ ֒ ◩ ❙

◤ ◧ ⠄ ◠ ⲣ ᣈ ⪟ ௚ ⬢ ⬜

⹭ ͹ ् Ք ⴿ ⬭ ⻜ ⵅ ♜ ⨽

⫡ ⦝ ੹ ෆ ฒ ⱽ ⰽ



Part 6 B Character List ⺘ ⱎ ᧐ ਞ ⪶ ᦩ ṫ ˿ ‫݋‬ ̓ ࠩ ⤃ ⧛ ‫׋‬ ᛜ ⨯ ੄ ढ़ ᐃ ⧥ ℟ ᡀ ཀ Ⱋ ⤺ ⤄ ஏ ⯁ ᧣ ᆴ ი ᅝ Ⴎ ቆ ᆹ ၭ

⅚ ቝ ሕ ༳ ⸖ ⵡ ⷊ ⷲ ⱋ ӯ ᰏ ᰊ ೪ ‫ݥ‬ ಔ ઞ ႀ ቡ ሳ ⡫ ֩ ⚍ Л ࣟ ь ࣷ в ߴ ऴ Д ‫ܛ‬ ф १ ‫ܘ‬ କ Ⲿ

Ⳇ ⵜ ड़ ཎ ✇ ᥉ ᩇ ➺ ⯋ ᕒ ᕑ ℃ ⹼ ⚛ ᫅ ௎ ௟ ⩳ ⦒ ✚ ⻑ ⳰ ⚣ ⚐ ⦾ ◄ ⚑ ⯞ ⥏ ጳ ཇ ⹷ ᙟ ৡ ♗ ⫲

❺ ⧁ ᩃ ื ൤ ං ⲗ ಃ ൹ ຕ ၮ Ἰ ͘ ઠ ̻ ‫ݡ‬ ݊ ⚽ ✏ Ɱ ੃ ᄤ ⛫ ⤱ ⼬ Ꮆ ⠾ ௅ ๲ ੉ ྱ ᑇ ⵍ ᑂ ⧫ ነ



ᆷ ᅬ ⷇ ⸀ ᆮ ‫أ‬ ⳓ ᆊ ख़

႓ ⰰ ⶌ ‫ـ‬ ⮅ ⡃ ߼ ੳ ‫ܫ‬

⢡ ⹇ ⶺ ༷ घ ⭰ ⭞ ӄ ᰘ

࣋ ঝ ྲྀ ̩ ᷃ ➵ ⤬ ⩠



Part 6 C Character List Ⰾ ⟂ ⠸ ⢞ ᛽ ᕟ ᕲ ⠕ ௲ ᬽ ⪊ ⬥ ẑ ❢ သ Ⳮ Ⲯ ✋ ⳑ ൉ ⚓ ⣴ ▞ ⟑ ⡘ ☸ ⩀ ᙱ ⢭ ཕ ⅋ เ ⡛ ⵊ ⦿ ඙

᎟ ⢗ ⢥ Ꮜ ౼ ℣ ᛒ ߜ ‫ر‬ ‫ځ‬ ؏ ‫ݚ‬ း ফ ⢺ Ϻ ૉ ᨋ Ꮀ ١ ⷹ ‫ހ‬ ບ ഑ ဵ ᪫ ხ ᄿ ⮩ ᅊ ᆸ ት ⅞ Ⴁ ኉ ᇣ

ၪ ᅿ ⸘ ⷔ ᰋ ▍ ⠫ ༡ ሺ ದ Ⴏ ⁎ ⬗ ᰰ ੎ ‫ע‬ ४ ᛡ ࠻ ӡ ਯ ⹪ ႝ ⱌ ۵ ᣅ ֲ ॊ ℎ ⹢ ➰ त ᐍ ൰ ⵖ ৄ

় ✅ ⹗ ཫ ໒ ⬓ ▭ ᕼ ⬽ ⯪ ⩹ ᣃ ࣹ ᗡ ᗏ ⹯ ⧖ ⹰ ➫ ❬ ⱒ ⢴ ൥ ᱝ ⨆ ⣧ Β ♬ ᡥ ᚏ ᙶ ⚫ ⬌ ▼ ⱷ ആ



⩆ ⤂ ॱ ⸺ Ԝ ‫چ‬ ‫ݝ‬ ọ ⦏

⽱ ⡱ ॡ ⻛ ᧉ ᠔ ೯ ⹸ ᤈ

ᣲ ᤋ ⧎ ᥷ ᥨ ຢ ດ ᤆ ⭚

ᅵ ᇼ ቎ ᇽ ዏ ⷙ ⶎ ሁ



Part 6 D Character List ሼ ႗ ኗ ᆩ ኰ ᆔ ⵩ ሧ ⺫ ߧ ̇ ᮭ ᐘ ᆃ ᄬ ‫܈‬ ౓ Ա ‫ޏ‬ ੭ ୅ ੗ ଖ ‫ܢ‬ ‫׍‬ ⴳ ⴐ ᳞ ৈ ᧧ ⭆ ࡮ ֙ ঠ ⧐ ࣇ

ܸ ਟ ⲻ ⯸ ☐ ⪭ ີ ௶ ௝ ⅀ ⮾ ⨉ ᚩ ⧘ ⺇ ⴡ ⨋ ⡍ ͢ ⥤ ⟛ ⫖   ⻝ ⮘ ⨎ ⡳ Ⱨ ಁ ⎠ ᤖ ṡ ៍ Ḛ Ồ ࡼ

⸨ ᮼ ™ ᑰ ᐮ ⹖ ᤎ ຮ ກ ૺ ⯀ ⨡ ᑳ న ኯ ᐋ ໮ ნ ᇁ ཻ ᄛ ⷽ ⺭ ⷵ ⸫ ᄎ ᄽ ᾊ ැ ͐ ᓄ ੡ ₵ ‫ݘ‬ Ⴀ ᅡ

ሐ ⺟ ‎ ᜲ ‫ܞ‬ ࣡ ই ѣ ֧ ⳳ ⢩ Ⳝ ᶑ ќ ⴔ ෮ ᆨ Ҧ ި ⡪ ஌ ⡾ ᣎ ൶ ⤵ ⤪ ᇘ ᇜ ᇗ ⯯ ം ❶ ᙕ ⶦ ᕊ ၜ



᪱ ௯ ᬲ ᭄ ⥆ ॳ ᗨ ⛝ ⳣ

✭ ⟲ ‫׌‬ ⸋ ᩆ ⛉ ▦ ⡤ ⟵

⛱ ⠓ ⳉ ᚔ ᙮ Ị ⟭ ⤉ 䑺 ⭲

⮹ ⁙ ៈ ‫ר‬ ৹ ਡ ‫ڲ‬



Part 6E Character List ᣵ ஽ ᝭ ᐪ ᑃ ⶴ ᦀ ᥥ ᧏ ᰙ ඇ ᆆ ⸩ ⶟ ዱ ‫ݙ‬ ᓳ ๳ ޹ ᝳ ‫ބ‬ ։ ⢫ ⲽ ⳵ ឰ ᢴ Ꮹ ่ Ḑ ս ⇟ ▿ ᜻ ෵ ั

Ⱪ ❱ ➷ ➋ ᳺ ᳸ ٫ ᔮ ᔴ ᕽ ⻯ ⻰ ᩺ ᫠ ᬿ ⩾ ⠘ ⮰ ‫އ‬ ࠷ Ⱓ ᜷ ⡓ ⛦ ᓻ ߀ ⬪ ♠ ➛ ៻ ᜥ ⺗ ۛ උ ࠙ ‫ݒ‬

य ⡜ ཙ ỳ ᡊ ಥ ᅺ ࢢ ⛴ ឧ ᇯ ‫ܡ‬ ᝪ ៙ ᯮ ᢵ ែ ‫ד‬ ߈ ञ Ϧ ᠅ ᕸ ⚝ ൸ ఱ ఼ ⩼ మ ॢ ᰉ ⡼ Ӥ ⡰ ⶲ ⤓

❸ է ⦄ ⥢ ⚊ ̯ Ἦ ໰ ፼ Ꮞ ॽ ắ ᱘ ᳯ ᄫ ᯎ ሏ ዮ ᒖ ฿ ೠ ๡ ⴴ ਖ਼ ࠇ ୭ ᴬ ণ ⣏ ⧙ ‫؟‬ ‫؛‬ ಇ ಍ Ჰ ᕚ



ᕬ ᄻ ⪆ ✰ ‫ޣ‬ ℉ ❐ ⭉ ఌ ೂ ṟ ᅲ ᳏ ႔ ⨬ ᢯ ⣐

ᩁ ⯶ ⥽ ᖘ ᭚ ⻹ ⺯ ာ ᓹ յ ⱁ ⲙ জ ⩄ ᶗ ᦳ ᴏ

आ Ձ ढ ⳕ ᜝ ᜩ ᓈ ẩ ᢸ Ӽ ‫ڻ‬ ࠡ ፿ ⸏ ଔ ᒋ ᆭ

ஆ Ჟ ᷋ ⭌ ᛶ ្ ࣀ ຋ ᝯ ‪ ᥽ ẜ ᛱ ➤



HSK Exam Level 6 Part 6 A

Chinese Characters with Latin Hanyu Pinyin Transcription and English Meaning Definitions ୸ wán  small round object  pellet  bird's egg  knead into a small ball or pill  {med} pill  {measure word}... pill(s) of... (used for pills of Chinese medicine) ஒ qf  beg (for alms, etc.)  Qi (surname) ஸ wáng  escape, flee, run away  lose, be lost  die, perish, pass away  dead, deceased  the late  subjugate, subdue, conquer  fall ᑍ cùn  {unit of measure} inch (the Chinese inch = 3.33 cm)  very short/small  {med} one of the three pulse-points (cùnkgu ᑍཱྀ) at the wrist  {dialect} just right (as it is), co-incidentally right  Cun (surname) ᑹ shw  corpse, dead body ᕝ chubn  river, stream  plain, level land  (short for Sìchubn ᅄᕝ) Sichuan Province ଡ଼ gài  {written} beg; beggar  bestow (upon), give/grant (to) Ѽ wy  crow (the bird)  black, dark  {written} how, what (mostly in rhetorical questions)  Wu (surname) ண y  give, present, grant, confer, bestow ஭ jfng  a well  mine shaft, pit  neat, tidy, well kept  {Chinese astronomy} Jing (one of the 28 Lunar Mansions)  area of land  Jing (one of the Bbguà ඵ༬ "Eight Trigrams" in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes", used for divination according to Taoist beliefs)  Jing (surname) ோ rén  benevolence, humanity, kindheartedness (esp. as the key Confucian virtue in former times)  concerned, sensitive  humane, compassionate  kernel, nut, core, pip (of fruit, nuts, etc.)  Ren (surname) ௐ chóu  enemy, foe, adversary, rival; a (perfect) match  enmity,

hatred, grudge, antagonism, hostility ԃ cbng  warehouse, storehouse, depository, storage facility  grain storage, grain elevator  Cang (surname) ป xixng  fierce, ferocious, brutal, savage  terrible, awful, fearful  evil, wicked  murderous, criminal  evildoer ໙ gxu  tick off, check, cross out  draw, delineate, outline  {construction} fill in the joints (of brickwork, etc.) with mortar/cement  thicken (soups, etc.)  arouse, evoke, prompt, induce, bring to mind  collude, be in league with, gang up with  entice, inveigle  {Chinese math} the shortest leg of a right triangle  Gou (surname) ໚ wù  {written} do not, must not, no (usu. used in imperative sentences)  {classical} not  {archaic Chinese} (modal particle, no meaning) Ꮝ kgng  opening, hole, orifice  big, great  profound, far-reaching  very, extremely  peacock  of or pertaining to Confucius  Kong (a surname) ᡰ zhb  stick, prick (with a needle, thorn, etc.)  {regional} plunge into (like water, a crowd, one's studies)  draft beer  (beer) mug, stein; pitcher (for beverages)embroider  inject, inoculate Ṙ ddi  evil, vicious, bad, mean, malicious Ặ shì  by the (family) name of...  (used after a well-known person's surname, like an inventor, scientist, etc.)  Shi (surname) ≟ qudn  dog, Canis lupus familiaris ⎰ wd  tile  earthen, made of baked clay  (short for wdtè ⎰≉) watt (unit of electric power)



䇕 jw  ridicule, mock, deride, satirize ୣ qiy  mound, hillock, knoll  grave, grave mound; transient burial (like covering the coffin with earth and rocks prior to burial)  {measure word, historical}... plot(s) of... (used for farmland)  Qiu (surname)  Qiu (Confucius' given name) ы cóng  grow/crowd together, clump, overgrow  thicket, clump, bush(es)  {measure word} patch(es) of (grass, plants, leaves etc.), grove (of trees)  a collection; crowd, group  Cong (surname) ௛ zhàng  arms, weapons  hold (a weapon)  rely on, depend upon  war, battle, fight ௝ xibn  immortal, celestial being  celestial, heavenly  cent (a unit of US currency)  Sen (unit of Indonesian currency)  Xian (surname)  {euphemism} pass away Ԛ yí  instrument, device, apparatus  ceremony, rite  present, gift  standard, norm  manner, bearing, deportment, appearance  mate, marry  look forward to, yearn for  Yi (surname) ฝ ty  convex (in contrast to bo พ "concave") พ bo  concave, sunken, hollow, dented (in contrast to ty ฝ "convex") ห kbn  publish (a periodical)  publication, periodical  edit, correct (a publication)  carve, engrave (printing blocks)  cut ྆ dbo  {dialect} chat, talk; chatter away ྋ bb  {onom} used to describe a bang, a snapping, breaking or similar sound  used in transliteration  {colloquial} draw on one's pipe, pull at one's pipe ྌ dwng  a sting, bite (like of an insect)  ask again to make sure, question closely  {onom} jingle, tinkle ਩ tàn  sigh (mournfully)  exclaim in admiration; acclaim, praise  recite (poetry) with a cadence; chant ਬ dibo  hold in the mouth (like a

cigarette)  (of birds) carry with the beak ᅹ shèng  holy, sacred  outstanding, unequalled (skill, intelligence)  sage  {formal} Emperor (respectful term)  {religion} saint ኸ ybng  beg, entreat  centre, central  finish, conclude, end  long ago ያ nú  slave  {new usage, pejorative or humorous} person who has lost a certain kind of freedom (esp. sb who has to work hard to repay a loan)  I, me (self-deprecatory term, later used by women, mostly seen in early vernacular writings)  treat as a slave Ꮞ yùn  be pregnant  pregnancy ᖂ guw  return (from somewhere), go home, go back, come back  give back, return (sth to sb)  converge, merge, group together, come together  turn over (responsibility) to  turn over to sb's care, put under sb's care  be in sb's care/charge  belong to, be owned by  {math} (on the abacus, dividing with a one-digit divisor) be equal to  despite, notwithstanding (between two identical verbs, indicates that the action does/did not change the conclusion or result in the following clause [which often contains ஓ, ༽/༷, 㑏᫝/䘈᫝, etc.], as in wánxiào guw wánxiào ⋵➗ṗ⋵➗/⋵➗ᖂ⋵➗ "Joking aside,...")  Gui (surname) ᡲ py  pounce upon  do wholeheartedly, devote oneself (to one's work, etc.)  attack, rush at, swoop down on  flap (like wings), pat (powder on)  touch  (gently) touch  bend over (e.g., one's desk) ᡳ bb  cling to, hold on to, stick to, clutch  rake, pull down, tear or knock down  push aside, separate  strip, peel or take off, peel, skin ᩺ chì  blame, scold, reprimand, reproach, denounce  drive out, oust, repel, exclude, dismiss  expand, open up  big, great, in large numbers, numerous  {written} pay, spend  {written} reconnoitre, scout  {geos-



ciences, written} saline soil ⏑ gbn  sweet, pleasant (in contrast to k ⱞ "bitter", "unpleasant"); (of words, etc.) honeyed  willingly, readily, of one's own accord, voluntarily, with dedication  (short for) Gbnsù ⏑ ⫓/⏑㚳 Province  Gan (surname) ✰ xué  hole  Xue (surname) 㓐 jiy  entwine, entangle  join together  correct (an error, deviation, etc.) 䗭 liáo  far, distant (of space, time)  the Liao Dynasty (916-1125)  Liáoníng 㑈ᑀ/䗭Ꮼ Province  the Liao River 侕 jw  famine, crop failure  hunger ஼ yì  {written} also, too  Yi (surname) ௮ ydng  face upward, look up  admire, respect  rely on, depend upon  hope  {document style} please, it is hoped that you  Yang (surname) ః w  five (the number "wu" so written to prevent alteration, forgery, etc.)  company, associates  unit of five men (the smallest military unit)  Wu (surname)  bend down or over, lean అ fú over  lie or fall prostrate  hide, lie in ambush  fall, subside, go down  admit, acknowledge (guilt, etc.), accept, submit (to punishment, etc.)  the dog days of summer (any of the three hot ten-day periods during the summer)  (of birds, poultry) hatch, brood (eggs)  {unit of measure, electrical} (short for fútè అ≉) volt; voltage  Fu (surname) ఆ fá  fell, cut down (trees)  attack, send out a military expedition (like the Northern Expedition, Beifá ໭ ఆ [1926-1927])  boast, brag  meritorious deeds Ֆ lún  human relations (like the Wcháng ஬ᖖ "Five Constant Virtues", or the Wlún ஬೔/஬Ֆ "Five Cardinal Relationships")  class, category  proper order, logical sequence  peer, equal, match, rival  Lun (surname)

՚ wei  false, fake, counterfeit, bogus, pseudo  {pejorative} a collaborator, puppet, quisling ඙ zhào  {numeric} million, mega(as in zhàohè ඙㉪ "megahertz", zhàowd ඙⎰ "megawatt")  {esp. TW usage, esp. in finance} trillion (wànyì ⴙ൨/୓ӯ, esp. in budget statistics, etc.)  omen, sign  foretell  divine (on tortoise shells)  begin, commence  {IT} (short for zhàozìjié ඙Ꮠ⠇/඙ Ꮠ㢲 "megabyte")  Zhao (surname) ฮ xíng  {law} punishment, penalty, (jail/prison) sentence  {history} corporal punishment, torture  Xing (surname) ྘ xy  {onom} a sigh (indicating surprise, astonishment, etc.)  {interjection} Oh! Why! (expressing surprise) ྜྷ jí  lucky, propitious, auspicious, good  (short for Jílín ྜྷᯘ) Jilin Province  Ji (surname) ྞ diào  condole, mourn  pay a visit to inquire after a person's health  {history} one thousand cash (a monetary unit of 1,000 qián 㘆/䫡 "cash" used in ancient China) ኊ zhuàng  strong, robust, stout  majestic, magnificent  strengthen  the prime of life  {med} moxa cone  the Zhuang national minority ཪ duó  take by force, seize, wrest  force one's way into  strive for, compete for, contend for  take away from, cause to lose, deprive  surpass, defeat, overwhelm  {written} lose, miss  decide  {literature} omission (in a text) ዶ wàng  absurd, preposterous  unreasonable, presumptuous, overstep normal bounds  rashly, recklessly, wildly ྶ zhubng  (apply) makeup  adornments (for women)  dowry, trousseau  disguise one's appearance Ꮿ zhái  house, residence, dwelling, abode  {colloquial} stay at home (esp. of sb addicted to web surfing or electronic games)



ኯ y  islet ኲ qf  {grammar} a rhetorical question particle  an emphatic particle when issuing an order ᕞ zhxu  (autonomous) prefecture  district  (US) state; (Switzerland) canton  {history} zhou (an administrative division in former times; after the Tang Dynasty, similar to a prefecture; before the Tang Dynasty, similar to a province; during the Zhou Dynasty, an area comprised of 2,500 families)  {classical Chinese} gather together  Zhou (surname) ᕠ xún  patrol, tour, make the rounds  measure word for a round (like of drinks) ᕨ ggng  strengthen, consolidate  strong, consolidated  Gong (surname) ᕹ fbn  {naval} a sail  {written} sailboat ᗉ zhubng  village, hamlet  manor (of a nobleman, etc.)  business establishment (of a comparatively large business or one doing wholesale trade in former times)  banker, the bank (in gambling)  solemn, serious  lush, luxuriant (of vegetation)  the ancient Taoist philosopher Zhuangzi  Zhuang (surname) ᘛ yì  different  unusual, strange, extraordinary  surprise, astonishment  other, another  separate, part ᡺ káng  carry on the shoulder, shoulder sth (also figurative, like a duty or abstract burden) ᡿ kòu  button up, buckle  tie, fasten, bolt  accuse unjustly, brand groundlessly, frame  detain, arrest, apprehend, take into custody  impound  take away  deduct, discount  withhold  place (a container, vessel, etc.) upside down  cover (with an inverted container, vessel, etc.)  knot, loop  a button, buckle  {sports} smash, spike (a ball) ᪨ zhf  aim, purpose, purport  decree (mostly of the Emperor)  delicious

᭤ q  {music, literature} song, tune, melody (esp. in opera, drama)  music (of a song)  qu (type of song originating from folk ballads, which emerged during the Southern Song Dynasty and reached the peak of its popularity during the Yuan Dynasty, therefore also called Yuánq ඖ᭤ "Yuan verse") ᮙ xi  decayed, rotten (mostly of wood)  senile, old and useless 㓔 xibn  fine, minute, tiny  finetextured silks and satins  fibre  refine ⮧ chén  {archaic} court official, official under a feudal ruler, subject, courtier (mostly of the Chinese Emperor)  "I", your vassal (used by court officials for themselves when addressing the Emperor)  Chen (surname) ⯚ zhxu  boat, ship  tray for wine vessel, etc.  carry at the waist Ⱒ máng  awn, beard  Chinese silvergrass, Miscanthus sinensis  point, edge (of a knife, sword, etc.)  ray of light  ignorant  Mang (surname) ⹸ chóng  insect(s), bug; worm  (as a word suffix) person with the stated undesirable quality, e.g. ldnchóng ᠯ⽝/᠂⹸ "lazy person", hútuchóng ⢶ ሬ⽝/⢶ᾕ⹸ "muddle-head"  {classical} animal  Chong (surname) 䇣 huì  a taboo, forbidden word  avoid as taboo  {history} the name of a deceased Emperor, high official, family elder, etc. (taboo in former times) 䇦 yà  be surprised, be astonished 䇬 sòng  litigate  sue  take to court  argue 䖘 guf  {transport} (of a railroad, subway or trolley) track(s), rail(s)  {figurative} way, convention  {astronomy} orbit, course  {written} obey, abide by, adhere to, comply with  {mechanical engineering} the ends of an axle or shaft ㎼ qibn  move, migrate  change, transform  banish, exile  separate, scatter  transfer (of an official, mostly



as a promotion) ㎾ qì  to, until  all along, up to now 䗸 mài  take a step  old  mile  overstep, surpass 傠 chí  (usually of cars, horses, etc.) go fast, race, rush, speed, gallop  {admin} promulgate, spread  {written} crave, desire, aspire to ୵ chuàn  string together, connect  {measure word}... string(s) of...,... bunch(es) of... (used for a number of things arranged in a cluster, a bunch, on a string, on a skewer, growing closely together or otherwise closely attached to each other, a sequence of sounds, etc.)  conspire with, collude with, league together for some evil purpose, gang up  get things mixed up, cross up  make the rounds, roam about  {theatre} play a role  pour from one container into another  {dialect} whore around ఑ bó  {kinship} uncle (father's elder brother)  eldest (of several brothers)  {nobility rank} count (third of the five ranks of nobility in feudal times) గ líng  court musician (in ancient times)  actor, actress (in ancient times)  Ling (surname) ఛ cì  wait upon, serve, attend, please  look after (a patient, etc.) ‫ ށ‬duì  exchange, change, convert (esp. money, or sth old for sth new)  cash (a cheque); honour (a bill)  barter  add (like water)  pour liquid from one container to another, mix  straight  cave  {divination} Dui (one of the Bbguà ඵ༬ "Eight Trigrams" in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆ 㓿 "Book of Changes", used for divination according to Taoist beliefs) ຕ jié  rob, plunder; coerce, compel  calamity, disaster, misfortune (either natural or man-made)  {Buddhism} a predestined disaster, trial or calamity (from the Sanskrit word "kalpa") ྪ lìn  stingy, miserly, sparing of, closefisted; parsimonious  stint,

spare  shame, disgrace ྫ tyn  swallow  annex  envelop, engulf  Tun (surname) ྫྷ yín  recite, chant, intone (poetry)  {poetry} song (as a literary genre)  {onom} (usu. in poetry, used to describe the cry of certain animals, such as monkeys, cicadas, lions, tigers) ླ fcn  instruct, order,command, tell (sb to do sth) ࿁ hgu  (of big animals) roar, howl  (of excited or angry persons) yell, shout, roar  (of guns, cannons, sirens, thunder, the wind, etc.) blast, rumble, boom, crash, wail, howl ࿊ chéng  display, exhibit, reveal (a trend, etc.); appear, assume (a shape, colour, etc.)  submit, present respectfully, offer  memorial, petition (submitted to a superior)  Cheng (surname) ࿑ gu  {onom} vomit, throw up, barf ᆙ kcng  pit, hole in the ground, shaft  latrine, privy  tunnel  bury alive  trap, trick, frame, cheat, rip off  harm, injure  Keng (surname) උ tán  {worship} altar, raised platform  religious rally/procession  {agriculture, gardening} terrace; raised plot of land for growing plants (like a flower bed)  world, circles (like the art world, literary circles)  forum (like literary forum) ඍ bà  dam, dike, embankment  {dialect} sandbar, shoal  (usu. in place names) plain, flatland ඏ fén  tomb, grave ኏ ké  (hard outer) shell (of an egg, nuts, insects, crustaceans, etc.); husk; covering; crust  housing, casing  (of snakes) slough ዼ dù  (be) jealous, (be) envious, envy; jealousy, envy ጇ tug  satisfactory, appropriate, proper  ready, prepared  safe, secure ᏹ hóng  great, grand, magnificent  wide, vast, extensive  {IT} macro  Hong (surname) ᑱ gà  limp, stagger, unable to



walk properly  clash, collide, run contrary to  embarrass, be embarrassed (as in gbngà ቧᑱ/ቤᑱ "embarrassed") ᒂ pì  {vulgar} wind (from bowels), (intestinal) wind, flatulence, fart ᒴ chà  branch off, fork, diverge  turn or veer off (like a road)  split up, stagger (like one's schedule)  branch road  accident, mishap, mistake  by accident, by mistake  {dialect} lose one's voice, be hoarse ዇ gdng  hillock, mound, low hill  ridge (of a hill)  sentry post  (used like gdngwèi ᓵ఩/዇఩) job, position ᑀ zhàng  canopy, tent, (mosquito) net  {TW usage} (when used for ㉂/䍖) account; ledger, account book ‫ۅ‬ (in Mainland usage, zhàng ᖒ/ᑀ only means "tent" and cannot be used for zhàng ㉂/䍖 "account") ᗊ bì  shield, shelter, protect ᙺ yì  corvee, forced labour  (compulsory) military service  use as a servant  servant  battle, campaign, war  {archaic} border defender ᚷ jì  envy, be jealous of  fear, dread  avoid, shun  give up, quit, abstain from, refrain from (sth because one thinks it inappropriate)  the death anniversary (of a parent or other esteemed person) ᘗ yxu  worry  concern, sorrow, anxiety  disease  mourning for a parent ᢂ ni  turn (around, to the side, away, etc.)  twist, wrench, contort  sprain, strain (like one's ankle, a muscle, etc.)  (of body movements, gait, etc.) swing, sway  seize, grapple with, wrestle with  twisted, contorted, slanted ᢄ che  pull, tug, haul, drag  tear, rip  chat, gossip  {TW usage} be ridiculous, be far-fetched ᢚ yì  put down, restrain, contain, control  dismiss in disgrace  lower, bend  (untranslatable introductory particle; exclamatory particle) ᢛ shy  express, convey, voice

(feelings, etc.)  scoop or spoon out  vent (frustrations, etc.) ᣊ f  console, comfort  foster, protect, nurture, raise  stroke (with the hand), caress, press gently  take, hold in one's hand ᢣ pbo  throw, toss  abandon, desert, leave behind  sell in large quantities and/or at low prices, dump ᤏ nf  intend, plan, propose  to draft, draw up (like a plan)  imitate  guess, conjecture ᨷ gxng  {military} attack, assault, go onto the offensive  charge, accuse  specialize in, study  skilled in, good at  Gong (surname) ᪭ hàn  drought, dry spell; suffer a drought  dryland (in contrast to wetland)  parched land  {transport} on land, overland (in contrast to "by water") ᰧ kuàng  spacious, vast, wide, open  carefree, worry-free  neglect (one's duties, like of a student skipping school, a soldier deserting the military)  loose (of clothing, things that should be tight, like screws, etc.)  Kuang (surname) ᮞ gdn  arm, shaft, rod, stem (of sth, like the shaft of a fountain pen, barrel of a rifle, arm of a steelyard, etc.)  {measure word} (used for rifles, pens, flags and other things shaped like a pole or rod) ᮫ zhàng  cane, (walking) stick  support with a cane (like while walking)  rod or similar stick-shaped instrument (like a rolling pin)  arms, weapons  cane, beat with a cane (as a form of punishment in former times)  rely on, depend on ᮭ dù  block, forestall, prevent, stop  {bot} Birchleaf Pear, Pyrus betulaefolia (the tree and its fruit)  Du (ancient state in present Xi'an すᏳ, Shdnxw 㝐す/䲅す Province)  Du (surname) ᮱ gàng  thick club or stick  {mechanical engineering} rod; rod-like spare part (like of a machine)  the stout poles for carrying a coffin 



{sports} (horizontal) bar(s)  thick underline  (of sth written) line through, delete, cross out  standard, limit, criterion ử tài  eliminate ỳ xixng  (sound of) water gushing out  turbulent  noisy, restless Ỻ wò  irrigate  fertile, rich  pour liquid on, sprinkle water on  Qywò ᭤Ỻ (county, Shbnxw ᒣす Province, see Qywò ᭤Ỻ)  Wo (surname) ἃ mù  wash the hair  take a vacation  rice water  moist  Mu (surname) Ἅ pèi  abundant, copious, full  rapid, swift  marshland  fall prostrate ⋗ cbng  (of a body of water, like the ocean) dark blue, deep blue, dark green  cold ⅌ zào  oven  kitchen range, cooking stove  kitchen  the Kitchen God ⚯ càn  bright, dazzling, magnificent, brilliant (both literally and figuratively, of light, beauty, etc.) ∼ láo  pen, fold, enclosure (for domestic animals)  sacrificial animal  prison, jail  firm, durable  worried, depressed  Lao (surname) ⣸ bèi  bei (legendary animal with short forelegs, which could only travel by riding piggy-back on a wolf) ⴟ dwng  stare at, gaze at, fix one's eyes on ⿳ ty  bald (without hair or feathers)  bare, denuded, defoliated  blunt (lacking a point)  incomplete  Tu (surname) 㓜 wei  the woof (in contrast to jwng ⥂/㓿 "warp")  latitude  crosswise alignment (see weishu ⦋᭩/㓜Җ)  east and west  a planet 㓣 nà  admit, receive  accept, take  pay (taxes, etc.)  enjoy (as in nàliáng ⣡ᾴ/㓣෺, enjoy the cool air [on a hot day])  bring (into line, etc.)  sew close-stitch (over a patch, on cloth shoe soles, etc.)  the Na People (self-designation of the Nàxw ⣡す/㓣す

nationality)  Na (surname) 㓥 zòng  from north to south  vertical, longitudinal  from front to back, depth  release, set free  indulge in, give free rein to  jump up, leap forward  even though, even if  crinkled 㓩 wén  pattern  design  pattern of lines in wood, marble, meat, etc. 㓪 fdng  spin (yarn)  thin, light silk 㓭 ni  handle, knob, button  tie, bond  {linguistics} the initial consonant (of a Chinese character)  meat (of a melon seed, etc.)  Niu (surname)  (short for Nixwlán ⣣す⹒/㓭 す‫ )ޠ‬New Zealand ⨖ hdn  rare, seldom, hardly  a bird-catching net  Han (surname) ⫝̸ xiào  look like, resemble, be like, be similar  good  small  law, rule, regulation ⰱ lú  reeds, rushes  Lu (surname) ⱆ yá  bud, sprout, shoot 㣽 cbng  blue (colour of the sky, the sea)  green (colour of grass, plants)  (of vegetation, growth) lush, dense, luxurious, abundant  gray, ashen  {written} sky, the heavens  Cang (surname) 㣿 sy  [S-] Jiangsu Ụ⸽/Ụ㣿 (province)  [S-] Suzhou  [S-] Soviet Union  [S-] Soviet  revive, regain consciousness  {bot} purple perilla, Perilla frutescens var. crispa  [S-] SU (Soviet Sukhoi aircraft-designator followed by digits)  Su (surname) 䇸 zhà  cheat, deceive, swindle (sb out of sth)  pretend, feign  try to trick sb into divulging information ㇂ g  valley, gorge, ravine, canyon  Gu (surname) ㉥ chì  red  vermilion  revolutionary, Communist  loyal, faithful, devoted  (of the body) bare  empty  (of gold, etc.) pure ㎮ chén  chen (fifth of the twelve Dìzhw ᆅᨭ "Earthly Branches")  7:00 to 9:00 a.m. (one of the traditional 12 two-hour periods that make up a day)



 two-hour period (any one of the traditional 12 two-hour periods of a day)  occasion (as in dànchén ㄌ㎮/䈎㎮ "birthday")  time, day  {astronomy} celestial body/bodies 䪹 dwng  a nail  follow closely, tail, trail, shadow  press, urge (sb to do sth)  keep asking/reminding sb  (used like dwng ⴟ) stare at, gaze at, fix one's eyes on 䰧 mcn  (of the air) stifling, stuffy  seal/close/cover tightly  speechless, quiet, silent  {dialect} (of sound) muffled, dull, subdued  remain indoors, shut oneself up (at home) 䱸 chén  display, exhibit, lay out  explain, narrate  old, aged, stale  Chen (state during the Zhou Dynasty near Huaiyang, Hénán Ἑ༡ Province)  Chen (557-589, one of the Southern Dynasties)  Chen (surname) 丗 rèn  strong and pliable 侚 rèn  cook 傡 qy  drive (a car, cart, horse)  run fast  drive out, expel  advance, move forward  {IT} (for a computer) driver

傣 bó  barge, lighter; transport by barge or lighter  extend/widen a shore or dyke  contradict, refute  piebald, parti-coloured (horse, etc.) ї sàng  lose; be deprived of  be disappointed ங r  breast, nipples  milk, milk-like liquid or sap (of milkweed, rubber tree, etc.)  suckle  suckling  give birth to  hatch  young, newly-born ె jib  good, nice, fine, beautiful, excellent  a distinguished one, a top one (used after a numeral, like shí jib zhw yw ༑ెஅ୍ "one of the top ten...") ౘ chf  extravagant, excessive, wasteful, immoral  boast, exaggerate ౮ xiá  heroic and chivalrous person; knight-errant, defender of the weak or the cause of justice; person adept in martial arts with chivalrous conduct; chivalrous swordsman; chivalry; chivalrous  Xia (surname) ‫ ד‬l‚  companion, associate  associate with



Part 6 B ‫ ח‬cè  side, flank; lateral  incline, tilt, lean, slant  lie prostrate ‫ ט‬qiáo  live away from home, sojourn  foreign nationals, aliens (esp. Chinese living outside of China)  tall ๆ quàn  certificate, coupon, voucher  ticket  {classical} contract; deed ็ chà  (variant of chà ࡾ) {Buddhism} temple, shrine, monastery  a moment, instant, flash ࡲ jì  small piece of kneaded dough  adjust, regulate, equalize  cut  {pharma, chem} pharmaceutical or chemical preparation  {measure word}... dose(s) of... (used for doses of medicine, in particular for concoctions of herbal medicine)  {chemical engineering} an agent  -jì (ending used in terms for chemical agents or pharmaceutical preparations for a given purpose) ༝ bci  low  lowly, inferior, mean  despise, scorn  humble  Bei (surname) ༟ zhuó  tall and straight/upright  straight, erect, eminent, outstanding, brilliant, profound  Zhuo (surname) ၢ b  {interjection} What? Oh! Wow! (exclamation expressing surprise, astonishment or admiration) ࿦ shcn  chant, recite (poetry)  moan, groan ࿪ zuf  {colloquial} (used like zuf ნ) mouth ࿳ zhà  {dialect, onom} loud  ostentatious, boastful  garrulous (as in zhbhu ࿳࿧ "cry out/shout loudly, make a display [of one's authority/ability]", and in zhbla ࿳ႁ [also zhbla ࿳ ၵ] "talk too much and too loud") ‫ۅ‬ (also pronounced zhb) ૉ lóng  throat ဥ bi  Hey! [expressing surprise, dissatisfaction, or to get sb's attention] ᆜ px  a slope  sloping  Singapore

ᆶ chuí  hang down, droop, dangle  bequeath (to posterity), hand down  nearing, approaching, being on the verge of  {grammar, written} towards (sb of lower status or position; honorific auxiliary word, as in chuí'ài ᆶឡ/ᆶ⡡ "your kind concern for me") ප lgng  ridge in a field  raised path between fields  sth shaped like a ridge (like tiles on a roof) ዊ fèng  hold (respectfully) in one's hands  present, give (respectfully with both hands)  receive and/or follow (orders, instructions, etc. from a superior or sb senior)  respect, esteem, revere, adore, worship, have faith in, believe in (a religion, etc.)  care for, wait upon, serve (one's parents, etc.)  {honorific} (I hereby) respectfully...(verb prefix indicating that one does sth for sb)  Feng (surname) ዑ bcn  walk fast, run, rush, hurry  flee, run away  {IT} Pentium (short for Bcnténg ዑ㦐/ዑ㞮)  Ben (surname) ጚ m  housemaid  nanny  mother  {unit of measure, electrical} mho (the unit of electrical conductance; "siemens") ᇑ shen  careful, thorough, circumspect  examine (thoroughly), read or look over  interrogate, crossexamine, try (a case in court)  {written} know, be familiar with, be aware of  {written} really, indeed  Shen (surname) ᒾ yán  rock  cliff  crag  steep and dangerous ᓅ yuè  (variant of ᓅ) high mountain  {mythology} sacred mountain ᖂ tie  invitation (card)  {IT} message (like on a blog), posting  {history} age card (card containing one's personal data)  note, card  {measure word, dialect}... dose(s) of... (used for doses or draughts of Chinese medicine)



ᑌ zhì  flag, pennant  a sign ᓎ páng  huge, enormous, gigantic  numerous and disorderly  messy  the face  Pang (surname) ᘺ mí  full  fill, cover  (even, still) more  long (like time)  Mi (surname) ᘻ xián  bowstring  string (on a musical instrument)  watch spring  quarter (of the moon)  {geometry} hypotenuse  {med} taut pulse  Xian (ancient state in Xwshuf ᾁỈ, Húbei †໭ Province)  Xian (surname) ᚄ jìng  narrow path  means (of reaching one's objective)  directly, straightaway  diameter, radius ᛅ zhxng  loyalty, devotion, honesty  loyal, devoted, honest ᛼ qiè  cowardly, timid, nervous  (sound used by the people of Beijing to mock other dialects)  uncouth, crude, rustic  be afraid, fear  weak, frail, in poor health ᢬ df  {written} arrive at, reach  support, prop up, maintain  withstand, resist, keep out  compensate for, make good/up for  {financial} a mortgage  set off (against), balance, counteract  match, be equal to ᢯ mg  apply, put on, smear, spread  wipe (one's mouth, eyes, sweat off one's forehead, etc.)  delete, erase, cross out, blot out  {measure word} stroke, dash, beam, ray (used mostly in literature for sunlight, moonlight, etc.) ᢲ yb  put up collateral, mortgage, pawn, pledge (like cash)  detain (like a criminal in custody)  escort  a mark (on a document, etc.) in lieu of a signature  a signature  be in charge, be in control  Ya (surname) ᢷ zh  lean on (like a cane for support)  ridicule ᢾ bàn  mix, stir; mix with dressing or seasoning  abandon, give up, discard  divide, cut apart ᣅ tuò  open up (new lands, roads, etc.)  push (with the hand)

ᣆ bá  extract  pull out or up  draw out, suck out (pus, air, etc.)  pick, choose, select (mostly people of talent, athletes, etc.)  raise, lift  surpass, stand out  seize, capture  {steel production} drawing (of metal rods, bars, etc.)  {regional} (of bottled, canned, etc. drinks) cool by keeping sth in (ice) water ᣈ tux  pull, tow, drag, haul  hang down (of an animal's tail, a girl's braids, etc.)  mop  delay, procrastinate ᣊ jy  arrest, detain, take into custody  restrain, constrain  adhere to rigidly  restrict, limit, bound ᣋ zhux  awkward, clumsy  my (writing, opinion, etc.) ᤒ lgng  close, shut (like the eyes)  approach, draw near  add up  gather together  comb (the hair) ᤓ jidn  choose, pick, select ‫ۅ‬ (used like jidn ᧥/ᦑ "pick up, gather, collect") ᤗ níng  twist, wring (dry)  pinch, tweak ᤘ bx  move, stir, poke (with the hand, a stick, etc.)  assign, allocate  turn round  {measure word}... group(s) of... (used for people in groups) ᯙ zhdn  cut, chop  behead ᪲ wàng  prosperous, vigorous, flourishing, thriving ᪸ áng  hold, raise (like the head high)  (of prices, emotions, etc.) high  lofty, high, soaring, high-priced, expensive ᪻ kyn  elder brother  descendants, offspring ᫀ chbng  prosperous, flourishing, thriving  prosperity  {written} (of speech) proper  fair  Chang (surname) ᫃ hyn  the dusk  dark, dusky, dim, murky  confused, muddled, dizzy  faint, lose consciousness, fall unconscious  die at young age ᫇ xw  former times  dried meat  Xi (surname) ᮽ jié  hero  outstanding, pro-



minent or eminent person  outstanding, prominent, remarkable  Jie (personal name) ᯍ wdng  crooked (literally or figuratively)  twist, pervert (like the law)  wrong  in vain  condescend, deign ᯛ méi  {measure word, written} (used for objects like coins, medals, badges, rings [for fingers], stamps, bullets, mortar shells, bombs, rockets, missiles, etc.)  {history} wooden gag (resembling a chopstick, used in ancient times to keep troops from talking when on stealth maneuvers, as in xiánméi 㖱 ᯛ/㺄ᯛ "hold a piece of wood in the mouth [to prevent making noises during a stealth mission]")  {history} tree trunk  {history} horse whip  Mei (surname) ᯞ zhw  branch, twig  branch (like of a river)  limb (of the body)  diverge, separate  sustain, prop up  {measure word} (used for long, narrow things, like pens, rifles; for branches of trees, twigs, flowers, blossoms) Ḣ Œu  {phonetic} Europe  {unit of electrical resistance} Ohm  Ou (surname) ṋ qí  fork, branch (of a road)  different Ẁ xu  beat, hit (people) Ẻ méng  the common people ἓ mò  froth, foam  saliva ἕ j  stop, prevent, obstruct  destroy, ruin  {figurative} spoil (like one's mood)  fear, be afraid of  frighten, terrorize  doubt  surpass  leak (out) Ἓ fèi  boil (and give off steam), seethe  (of water from a spring) gush out  (of water) flow into, empty itself into  {onom} (sound of gushing water, or of waves washing ashore)  (of birds) flutter around in confusion  hubbub, hullabaloo ἟ zhdo  natural pond, marsh ἡ zhbn  moisten, wet, soak  be stained with (literally or figuratively)  touch, make contact with ἢ yán  along (a road, etc.) 

follow, carry on, conform to (a tradition, etc.)  trim (a garment, etc.)  an edge, border, brim  the water's edge ἥ xiè  let out, release (water, air, etc.)  ejaculate  divulge, let out, leak (a secret, news, etc.)  vent (one's anger, etc.)  Xie (surname) Ἡ bó  (cast) anchor, moor, berth, lie at anchor  stop, stay  {colloquial} park (a car)  tranquil, quiet  {physics} poise Ἢ bì  water flowing fast  water flowing thin  spring; water coming out of a spring  spring water Ἳ pào  bubble  sth shaped like a bubble (like a light bulb, blister, etc.)  blister  soak, steep  soak in brine, pickle  froth, foam  loiter, hang around, dawdle, while away (the time) Ἴ bx  wave, ripple (on water), (ocean) breaker  (electromagnetic) wave(s) (like radio waves)  undulation; undulate  fluctuation; fluctuate  affect, involve, implicate, entangle  unexpected turn of events  {dialect} run, rush  {dialect, phonetic} ball Ἶ ní  mud, mire  things that have been mashed (like mashed potatoes) or made into paste (like ink paste for seals) Ὅ xiè  flow swiftly, rush down in torrents  have diarrhea ⌭ zé  marsh, swamp, low-lying damp area  wet, damp  shine, luster (of metals, pearls, jade, etc.)  kindness, grace  rain and dew ⅔ lú  stove, oven, furnace, heater  {measure word} (used for a quantity of steel) ⅖ yán  blazing hot (mostly of the weather)  inflammation, -itis  rising flames  burn ∾ mù  herd, graze, tend, put out to pasture  pasture, grazing land  slave-herdsman (in ancient times)  govern the people  local magistrate (in ancient times)  inspect  Mu (surname)



⭵ chàng  unrestrained, unimpeded, smooth, uninhibited, to one's heart's content  long  really, truly  Chang (surname) ␷ gc  {med} pimple, carbuncle, swelling on the skin  pox; pox scars  {med} syphilis; chancre  stupid, foolish ┣ máng  blind  illiteracy; (as a suffix) an illiterate  blindly, rashly, aimlessly  dim, dark 㓵 shcn  gentry  girdle or belt worn by officials and literati  bind 㓾 yì  reel off silk  unravel  continuous ⫥ zhw  limb, extremity (of a human or animal)  waist, waistline ⫫ fáng  fat, grease, lard (as in zhwfáng ⬡⫫ "fat") ⫲ yáo  meat and fish dishes 㛯 zhgng  swell  swollen  swelling  carbuncle 㛰 zhàng  expand, increase in size  swell (of the body), feel bloated (after overeating) ⱗ ggu  casual, careless, negligent  indifferent (to right or wrong)  {grammar} if, in the event of, provided  Gou (surname) ⱝ ruò  if, like, as if  you  obey, follow  choose, select  how  {bot} pollia, Pollia japonica  Ruo (surname) ⱱ mào  luxuriant (vegetation)  abundant and excellent  Mao (surname) ⱼ jwng  stem, stalk (of a plant)  a handle  measure word for long things (like blades of grass, hair) 㱿 l  capture, take prisoner  captive, prisoner of war  contemptuous reference for foreign peoples  slave, servant 㿵 mì  seek, hunt for (like for food) 䈎 dàn  birth; be born; birthday; absurd, preposterous, fantastic 䈗 chà  be surprised  brag about, show off  notify  cheat, deceive 䍔 xián  virtuous, worthy, talen-

ted  worthy, virtuous and talented person  polite form of address to a person of the same or elder generation  more than, better than  hard work 䍙 fàn  (of a merchant, peddler) buy for resale; buy and sell merchandise  traffick  peddler, monger, (street) vendor (often derogatory) 䍚 tbn  avarice, greed  graft, corruption  be greedy for, lust after  covet, seek 䍛 pín  poor 䍜 bidn  demote (esp. of officials in former times)  lower (the price or value)  censure (in contrast to praise, commend, honour)  reduce, devalue, depreciate 䍟 guàn  go/pass through, pierce, penetrate  be linked/connected, follow in succession, (go ahead) one after another, go ahead successively  {finance, historical} a string of 1,000 cash  one's native place, ancestral home  {written} a precedent, model case  Guan (surname) 䖠 hxng  {onom} bang, boom (or similar loud, sudden noise)  (of thunder, vehicles) a rumble  (of cannons) roar, go off, boom  (of bombs, explosives) explode 㑳 yù  luxuriant (vegetation)  pent-up (depression, anger)  gloomy, depressed  smelling rotten  {bot} the Chinese bush cherry, Prunus japonica 㑻 láng  gentleman, man (used to form terms for persons of a certain category, usually male, like xwnláng ᪂㑻 "bridegroom")  Lang (surname)  dear (used by a woman in addressing her husband/lover, as in qíngláng ᝟㑻 "boyfriend, lover")  {archaic} (your) son 䜁 Zhèng  Zheng (state during the Zhou Dynasty in the area of Xinzheng, Hénán Ἑ༡ Province)  serious, earnest (used in the word zhèngzhòng 㒯 㔜/䜁㔜 "solemn, serious, earnest")  Zheng (surname) 㝄 lòu  ugly, unattractive  humble (residence)  vulgar, vile 



shallow, limited (knowledge)  despise, look down on  lowly (position) 㞓 lì  be subordinate to  person in servitude or bondage (like a servant, a slave)  yamen runner  "scribe style" of Chinese characters  Li (surname) 侢 sì  raise, feed (animals)  feed, fodder, forage  feed (people) 傫 zhù  be stationed in (of diplomats, troops, news correspondents, etc.)  stop, halt (originally of carriages, horses)  (located) in... (of embassies, consulates, etc., like 㥔໭ி⨾ ᅧ኱౑㤋/傫໭ி⨾ᅜ኱౑侶 zhù Beijwng Meiguó Dàshfgudn "the American Embassy in Beijing") 呓 míng  cry of a bird or insect  make a sound, sound, ring  express, voice (feelings, ideas, etc.) 喯 chf  tooth, teeth  {mechanical engineering} tooth-like part of an object, tool, machine, etc. (like a comb, saw, sprocket, etc.)  (of gears, cogs, etc.) toothed  {written} one's age  {written} speak of, mention ீ tíng  pavilion, stall, stand, kiosk  balanced  (of a person's figure or posture) erect, upright  wellbalanced, well-proportioned  in the middle  even ౲ w  bully, slight  smooth  active  cle಍ lì ver, sharp ಒ fú  take prisoner, capture, seize  prisoner, captive; prisoner of war (POW) ‫ ؝‬jidn  thrifty, frugal, economical ๐ xibo  peel, pare (with a knife), cut, slice, chop  sharpen, whittle  {sports} cut, slice, chop (e.g., the ball in playing ping-pong) ຨ bó  suddenly, quickly  prosperous, thriving, vigorous, exuberant ຮ midn  make an effort, exert oneself  exhort, urge  try to do more than one is able to  Mian (surname) ༺ xiè  unload, discharge  dis-

mantle (like a machine), remove (like a part from a machine)  shirk (responsibility), lay down ེ pàn  betray, turn against ဗ yè  {onom} sob; choke with sobs; be unable to speak from sobbing; make mournful sounds (as in yèyè ဗဗ "mournful sound") ယ bi  sorrow, grief, mourning  condolence, compassion, pity သ hxng  (describes the sound of uproarious laughter or talk)  hubbub, din  (of many people) make noise/talk simultaneously ဟ dux  {descriptive} shiver, tremble, shake (as in duxsuo ဟఖ "shiver, tremble, shake") ဠ wb  {onom} (the sound of crying, vomiting, etc.)  {exclamation} wow! ଁ yd  incapable of speech, dumb, mute  (of voice) hoarse, husky  {military} misfire; a dud ଏ yx  {interjection} oh! (sentence-final particle expressing surprise/astonishment, often with a joking or humorous undertone) ෛ diàn  raise, pad, level or separate sth with a prop, support, filling, another layer, etc.  fill (like a vacancy, gap), insert  advance sb money, pay for sb in advance  a cushion, mat, pad  settle, sink (of land) ዌ zòu  play music  produce (results), achieve (success), prove effective  present a memorial (to the Emperor) ጿ wá  baby, young child  (Shdnxw/Hénán Ἑ༡ Province) newborn animal  beautiful girl  young girl ့ jibo  tender (like buds), lovely (like children)  delicate, fragile  squeamish  spoil, pamper, indulge ᇚ xiàn  statute, law, decree  constitution, charter  follow the example of, model oneself after ᇛ gxng  palace; temple (often as part of the palace's/temple's name: "the... Temple")  {mythology} the Heavenly Palace; residence of the Im-



mortals  residence of a head of state (as in Báigxng ⓑᐑ/ⓑᇛ "White House")  {Chinese music} gxng (1st note in the traditional Chinese musical scale gxngchep ᕤᑻ㆕/ᕤᑻ䉡)  {Chinese chess} Palace/Fortress (3x3 square point and file centered on the back ranks, marked with diagonal lines)  Gong (surname) ᒊ píng  shield, screen; protect, guard, shield, hide  set of hanging scrolls (mostly four) ᓙ xiá  gorge (often used in place names)  the Chángjibng 㛗Ụ/䮯Ụ Gorge  valley (between two mountains)  isthmus  strait ᕰ xiàng  alley, lane, small back street ᚉ huái  linger, walk to and fro  hesitate ᛰ dài  idle, lazy  lax, slack, remiss, negligent, indolent  neglect, slight, diminish (sth)  treat coldly, cold-shoulder ᛷ yuàn  hatred, enmity, resentment  blame, complain ᜌ hudng  suddenly; all of a sudden  (perceive) suddenly, all at once  as if..., seem...  absent-minded, in a trance  dimly, faintly ᜏ héng  permanent, enduring, lasting, eternal, everlasting  perseverance, constancy  common, usual  {divination} "Heng" (one of the sixtyfour hexagrams in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Heng (surname) ᜦ qià  proper, suitable, appropriate  just, exactly, precisely ᡥ bidn  flat  squat (like of handwriting)  {TW usage, colloquial} beat (sb) up  {TW usage, obsolete} Chen Shuibian (short for Chén Shufbidn 㝞Ỉᡥ/䱸Ỉᡥ) ᣞ pwn  join together, put or piece together  spell (words in an alphabetical language)  risk one's life, risk all (in doing sth)  exert oneself (to the utmost)  fight to the end, fight tooth and nail  {TW usage} work hard (for), strive (for), struggle (for), go all out (can be followed by an

object, e.g., pwn jwngjì ᣞ⥂⃽/ᣞ㓿⍾ "go all out to improve the economy") ᣟ zhuài  tow, tug  pull, drag, haul (like sb along, by the sleeve, etc.) ᤾ kuà  carry on the arm (like a basket)  carry over the shoulder, around the neck or at the waist (like a camera, bag, etc.)  dig, excavate, unearth, ᣰ wb dredge  scratch  exploit/tap (potential) ᥐ náo  scratch (an itch)  hinder, impede  submit, yield  mix, blend ᣷ nuó  move, shift  rub, knead  move residence, resettle ᫕ mèi  be unsure about, not know, be ignorant of  hide, conceal  dim, dark, obscure  bold, rash ᫨ zhòu  day, daytime, daylight  Zhou (county in the state of Qí 㰺/喀 during the Chynqiy ᫓⛅ Period [770476 BCE])  Zhou (surname) ᯤ ky  withered (of vegetation), dried up (of a well, etc.)  dull, dry, uninteresting  residue or dregs of pressed sesame seeds, soybeans, etc. used as fertilizer or fodder ᰑ jidn  a note, letter, card ᰕ zhù  pillar, post  sth shaped like a pillar or post  {math} prism, cylinder ḻ dòng  {construction, written} ridgepole  {figurative} pillar, mainstay (of society, etc.)  {measure word} (used for houses/buildings) ḿ lán  railing, banister  column (in a newspaper, table, etc.)  pen (for animals) ṡ ybng  disaster, misfortune  cause disaster or misfortune ≒ qwng  hydrogen ⌱ jié  clean, pure, clear ὠ jwn  saliva  moisten; benefit, help  ford, ferry crossing  Tianjin ὥ hóng  big, vast  a flood, inundation  Hong (surname) έ qià  agree, be in harmony  discuss (business, etc.), consult, take up a matter with  soak, permeate



⍺ zhuó  muddy, turbid  dirty (literally or figuratively)  chaos, confusion  {Chinese astronomy} Zhuo (constellation consisting of epsilon, 68, delta, gamma, alpha, theta-1, 71 and lambda of Taurus) ⎁ hún  muddy, turbid, murky  stupid, foolish, confused  simple, natural  whole, entire, full  (covered with sth) all over  Hun (surname) ⛱ shuò  bright, shining  melt (metal, etc.)  hot ≅ shcng  domestic animals  animal sacrifice ≽ hen  cruel, ruthless, relentless  control one's emotions, harden oneself against, be resolute  determined, resolute ⊃ xiá  narrow (opposite of gudng ᘅ/ᗅ) ⤡ yù  prison, jail  lawsuit, litigation  details of a case  crime, offence ⭝ béng  {dialect} need not (contraction of bùyòng ୙⏝) ⏽ wèi  fear, dread  respect, re-

vere  scare, frighten  commit suicide out of fear ␽ bb  a scar  scar-like mark  cicatrix ␿ yì  epidemic, pestilence ⓙ jic  all  universal  together ┆ yíng  be full of, be brimming with  fill, pack  surplus, gain  Ying (surname) ╅ zhd  wink, blink ⹆ zhubn  brick, square tile, slab  sth shaped like a brick  {Internet} an attack, a flame ✼ qiè  secretly, stealthily, covertly  steal, pilfer, filch  thief, pilferer  I presume to, I take the liberty ㄆ shù  vertical (in contrast to héng ᶓ "horizontal")  crosswise (in contrast to zòng ⦲/㓥 "lengthwise", as in zòng-héng ⦲ᶓ/㓥ᶼ "criss-cross")  {calligraphy} vertical stroke  servant boy  fellow (slighting form of address)  minor palace official  Shu (surname)



Part 6 C 㔁 bdng  bind, tie (up)  fasten, button (up) 㔂 róng  {textiles} down, villus; fabric with nap or pile on one side; fine embroidery floss 㔈 huì  draw, paint  depict, portray 㔌 luò  net, sth net-like  {Chinese med} subsidiary channels, collaterals (branches or channels through which blood, vital energy, etc. flow)  secure with a net (like one's hair in a hair net)  twine, wind, coil  Luo (surname) ⪌ shud  play, have fun  play with, display  play (like tricks, in a bad sense)  Shua (surname) ⫾ tbi  embryo, fetus  {measure word}... litter(s) of... (used for newborn babies, or the young of animals)  source, origin of sth  {phonetic} tire (on wheel) ⬊ bbo  placenta, afterbirth  born of the same parents  from the same country  compatriot(s)  {physiology} (short for xìbbo ⣽⬊/㓶⬊) cell, cyto⬧ mài  {physiology} arteries and veins (in general); the pulse  veins (of a leaf, etc.)  blood-vessel-like things linked or connected into a system (like a mountain range, ore veins) ⲉ máng  vast, boundless (and indistinct, of a body of water, etc.)  oblivious, at a loss Ⲩ hubng  {agriculture} (of land) lie in disuse, lie waste, go uncultivated  waste, barren, desolate, wild  a crop failure, famine  wasteland, uncultivated land  {figurative} neglect, be/get out of practice  a shortage (of food, water, resources, etc.)  absurd, unreasonable  {written} indulge in, be addicted  {regional} unverified, uncertain 㦑 dàng  swing, sway, wave  undisciplined, of loose morals, licentious, lascivious; debauchery  shallow lake, marsh, marshland  (used for dàng

ࠬ) pond, pool, pit 㦗 yíng  glimmering, flickering  dazzled, bewildered ⹢ nüè  cruel, harsh, oppressive  torture  {written} disaster, calamity 㲰 shí  lose (money, capital, etc.)  erode  eclipse (of the sun or moon) ⾝ ydn  spread out, amplify  redundant, repetitive, superfluous (words)  abundant, overflowing  low-lying and level land  mountain slope  marsh, swamp  Yan (surname) 䈛 jiè  warn, admonish  exhortation, injunction 䈜 wy  accuse falsely, slander, calumniate  deceive, cheat  wrong, injustice 䈡 yòu  guide, induce  lure, entice 䈥 sòng  chant, read aloud  recite  state, relate  chantable poems and songs ㉱ fù  go to, be bound for  attend, participate  swim (as in fùshuf ㉱Ỉ "swim") 䏤 pb  lie on one's stomach  bend over ㏟ bèng  (of sparks, etc.) spurt, burst forth  dash about 䘺 xùn  abdicate (the throne)  modest, self-effacing  inferior, unequal  flee, evade  Xun (surname) 䫎 chbo  bank note(s), bill(s), paper money in circulation during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties) 䫖 qwn  respect, admire  by the Emperor personally  Qin (surname) 䫙 gxu  hook (on a steelyard, fishhook, etc.)  {calligraphy} the hook stroke (in Chinese characters)  check, mark, tick off  hook (onto sth or sb), fasten with/like a hook  baste, sew with large stitches  crochet  try to find out, investigate, search after, explore  {tool} sickle  Gou (surname) 䰲 hé  cut off from, out of con-



tact with, not in communication with, incommunicado 㝓 dgu  sloping, steep, precipitous  soaring, high  suddenly, abruptly 侦 ráo  bountiful, abundant, plentiful  forgive, pardon, have mercy on, let (sb) off  Rao (surname) ಠ f  bow, lower (the head)  bend down, come down  look down upon  {document style} deign, condescend ೂ tdng  if, supposing ೏ juàn  be tired, be weary  squat ٪ zhài  debt, financial obligation  borrow  rent ‫ ٮ‬qwng  lean, incline  favour, be prejudiced toward  inclination, tendency, deviation  overturn, topple; collapse  respect, admire  empty, pour out  waste, ruin, destroy  exert oneself ඪ ddng  (political) party  [D-] the (Chinese Communist) Party  clique, faction  {written} be partial to, favour, take sides  {written} relatives, kin  partner, confederate, associate  {admin, historical} group of five hundred families  Dang (surname) ව jibn  concurrently, simultaneously  hold (more than one post) concurrently, simultaneously serve as  annex (territory, etc.)  double, twice ෝ yubn  wrong (sb), treat/accuse/prosecute unjustly  (case of) injustice, grievance  hatred, enmity ෶ qw  cold, freezing (of the weather)  bleak and desolate, dreary  sad, wretched, melancholy ෽ líng  insult, bully  rise high, soar, tower above  Ling (surname) ๕ tw  pick (with a pointed tool)  pick clean (e.g., pick meat from a bone)  pick (out of a crack, such as picking one's teeth)  (pick and) get rid of, (select and) eliminate, weed out, sort out  {calligraphy} the rising stroke (in Chinese character writing)

๗ pxu  cut open  dissect  analyze, explain ๤ bbo  peel (off), strip (off), (remove the) shell/skin  (the) peel, shell, skin ໾ fei  {derogatory} bandit, thief, rebel  bandit-, rebel- (term for a government considered illegitimate)  {written} (used like fci 㠀) not ါ o  {interjection} oh! (used to express understanding, or a sudden realization, etc.) ာ shào  sentry post, guard post  chirp (of birds)  whistle ့ b  to nurse, feed (the young)  food held in the mouth း hcng  hum (a melody, etc.)  groan, moan (as in pain)  snort (as in contempt) ၀ sux  incite, instigate, abet ၁ chún  lip; the lips ၈ Táng  the Tang Dynasty (618907)  the Later Tang ᚋ၈/ྡྷ၈ Dynasty (923-936, one of the Five Dynasties)  China  Chinese  vast, big  pompous  futile, in vain  the approach to a temple  Tang (surname) ୐ láo  be talkative, be garrulous  speak, talk, chatter, ramble on (as in láodao ౞྆/୐྆ "be talkative, chatter, ramble on and on") ᇙ mái  bury, cover up (with earth, snow, fallen leaves, etc.)  hide, conceal, keep hidden (like one's identity) ᐓ zdi  slaughter (animals)  {informal} overcharge, fleece, rip off (a customer)  rule, govern  {Chengdu dialect} chop, cut  {archaic} government official  burial mound  Zai (surname) ᐘ xibo  night ᒌ xiè  bits, scraps, crumbs, fragments  trifling, trivial, insignificant  be above doing (with a negative)  thin, flimsy ᓝ qiào  high and steep, precipitous, imposing  stern, severe, strict, harsh  cutting (like of the wind) ᓠ fcng  a peak, summit, crest  hump of a camel  {measure word}



(for camels) ᓧ jùn  high, lofty, towering (of mountains)  severe, stern, strict  great, outstanding (like in virtue) ᚐ tú  on foot  empty, bare  in vain, to no avail  apprentice, disciple  follower, believer  {derogatory} person  imprisonment ᜑ shù  forgive, excuse, pardon  {formal} beg your pardon  {Confucianism} the golden rule, forbearance, tolerance ᜠ cn  kindness, favour, benevolence, grace  gratitude  of or pertaining to Imperial favour  En (surname) ᜤ gxng  respectful, reverent, courteous, polite  submissive, subservient, deferential ᝅ wù  realize, understand, grasp ᝋ yuè  pleased, happy, delighted  please, make happy, delight  Yue (surname) ᥊ zhì  sincere  Zhi (surname) ᣵ ái  suffer, endure  struggle to pull through (hard times)  drag out (bad conditions, etc.)  delay, put off, procrastinate ᣸ cuò  defeat, frustrate  lower, deflate, subdue, break  a setback  a method of holding the brush in Chinese calligraphy ᤂ wdn  hold (on bent arm)  pull, draw (a bow)  roll up (the sleeves, etc.)  reverse, retrieve  catch up ᤉ kn  coil, tie, bind, bundle (together), roll up  {measure word}... bundle(s) of... (used for things tied or bundled together) ᤊ zhux  hold, grasp, clutch  catch, capture, seize  tease, make fun of ᤎ hàn  guard, protect, defend  sturdy, solid  brave, bold  pull open, draw (a bow, etc.) ᤏ shbo  take sth to sb (while going that way) ᤐ nic  squeeze between the fingers, pinch  knead, mold, shape (with

the hands)  make up, fabricate, concoct ᤕ b  catch, seize, arrest  bailiff  Bu (surname) ᦎ lbo  scoop (from water, etc.), dredge up  obtain or gain by improper means ᦓ ddo  pound with a pestle, beat (like laundry) with a stick, strike  (of grain) hull, thresh  attack, smash, destroy  make trouble, harass, create a disturbance (as in ddoluàn ᦍ஠/ᦓ஘ "make trouble") ᫭ hudng  shine, radiate  dazzlingly bright  flash past, streak past; in a wink, in a split second, in a flash  Huang (surname) ᫴ jìn  advance; enter; promote (in rank or position)  [Jìn] the Jin Dynasty (265-420 CE)  the Later Jin Dynasty (936-946 CE)  Jin (ancient state in Shbnxw ᒣす Province)  Jin (name for Shbnxw ᒣす Province)  {divination} (one of the sixty-four hexagrams in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Jin (surname) ᲃ xido  dawn, daybreak  know, understand  tell, make known ᮁ ldng  light, bright, clear  loud and clear, sonorous  wise  Lang (surname) ᰴ zhy  tree trunk, plant stem  a plant  {measure word} (for trees, plants) ᱂ zbi  plant, grow  stick in, insert  young plant, seedling  trip, fall ᱋ kuàng  frame (of a door, etc.), case (of a window, etc.)  rim, frame (of eyeglasses, etc.)  (formerly pronounced kubng) convention, restriction, set pattern  restrain, confine, restrict ᱓ sbng  {bot} the white mulberry, Morus alba  Sang (surname) ẘ jidng  oar, paddle ể ydng  {chem} oxygen Ὀ tài  peaceful, secure, safe  extreme, utmost  {written} excessive, too...  Tai (one of the 64 hexagrams in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Chan-



ges")  {history} tai (wine vessel)  (short for Tàiguó Ὀᅧ/Ὀᅜ) Thailand  (short for Tàiy Ὀㄒ/Ὀ䈝) Thai (the Thai language)  Tai (surname) ᾋ fú  float, emerge  {dialect} swim  on the surface, superficial  movable, portable, not fixed; temporary, transient, provisional  frivolous, superficial  hollow, without substance, empty; inflated  surplus, redundant, extra; exceed ᾎ yù  take a bath, bathe ᾐ jìn  soak, immerse, dip, steep  be soaked, immersed  flood, inundate, irrigate  (of liquids) ooze (out), leak ᾙ shè  ford, wade  experience, go through, undergo  involve  move (like the pen)  She (surname) ᾛ ygng  (variant of ygng ‪/ᾛ) gush (out), rise, surge, pour  (of waves) swell  emerge, come out  a huge wave  Yong (surname) ᾢ tì  tears  weep  snivel, nasal mucus  billows, big waves  ᾧ tbo {onom} the sound of waves ⅸ hxng  dry by a fire (like one's hands, wet clothes, etc.)  set off; serve as contrast or background  burn  bake, roast ⢪ xw  {religion} a one-coloured ox (or other animal of pure colour, used in sacrifices) ⌔ zhy  pearl, bead  pearlshaped things (like teardrops, dewdrops)  exquisite things ⎽ cí  porcelain, chinaware  {colloquial, northern} (of two people) be on close terms, be fast friends ␁ pàn  bank, side (of a river, road, etc.)  boundary between fields  confused, chaotic  betray, turn against ␆ chù  livestock, domestic animals ⑕ zhèng  disease, malady, illness, syndrome ⳡ zhòu  wrinkle, crease  knit (the brows) ⴁ jibn  supervise, control, in-

spect, watch  a jail, prison ⹨ zá  hit (sth with a heavy object), bang, pound; tamp; (of a heavy object) fall on  break, smash  {colloquial} (mostly as a verbal complement of result) failed, bungled, messed up ⚈ xiáng  lucky, propitious, auspicious  auspicious omen  [X-] Xiang (surname) ⛗ chèng  scales (for weighing); steelyard, balance; weigh (sth) ⢊ fen  powder  face powder  noodles  {dialect} turn to powder  {dialect} whitewash; white (colour)  pink (colour) ⣟ wen  disorder, confusion ⣴ sug  large rope or chain  search, seek  demand, exact  alone  dull, uninteresting  exhausted, finished  law  Suo (place in Xingyang, Hénán Ἑ༡ Province)  Suo (place in Hanshou, Húnán †༡ Province)  Suo (surname) 㔓 xiù  embroider; embroidery 㖒 bà  stop, cease  dismiss, remove from office, relieve of a duty  {regional, colloquial} (as a verbal complement) finish, complete  (followed by a one-syllable noun or verb) go on strike (e.g. bàgxng ⨭ᕤ/㖒ᕤ㸪bàkè ⨭ ㄢ/㖒䈮) ⪔ gcng  {agriculture} till (the soil), plough, cultivate  make one's living, do sth for a living, earn one's livelyhood ⪖ hào  consume, use, cost  dally, waste time  bad news (like of sb's death) 㙨 sgng  tower, stand high  frighten, alarm  deaf  respect, revere ⪬ chf  shame, humiliation, disgrace  shame, humiliate, disgrace ⬡ zhw  fat, grease  rouge  riches  Zhi (surname) 㡠 jiàn  warship, destroyer, manof-war, (aircraft) carrier 㡡 cbng  cabin, hold (of a ship or aircraft)  module (of a spacecraft) Ⳙ mò  no one, nothing  no,



not  do not  can it (be), would it (be)  peace, stability  urge, exhort  Mo (surname) ⾶ shubi  decline, wane, weaken ⾺ zhxng  heart, heartfelt  upright, sincere  blessing, happiness  underclothes  Zhong (surname) ⿅ páo  Chinese-style gown or robe  front of a Chinese-style jacket or robe ⿇ xiù  {clothing} sleeve(s)  place/tuck/conceal sth in the sleeve 䈨 zhy  all; the various...  into ... (contraction of zhw yú அ᪊/அன)  Zhu (surname) 䈪 nuò  promise, agree  {classical} (say) yes 䈭 fei  slander, calumniate, speak ill of..., libel, defame 䍬 zéi  thief  traitor, rebel  evil, dishonest  crafty, wily, cunning  harm, ruin, be injurious  kill, murder  extremely 䍯 huì  property and money; valuables and riches  bribe (sb); a bribe 䍱 lìn  rent, hire  hired labourer 䍲 lù  present with valuables  bribe (a present of valuables)  valuables, riches ㌠ gxng  personally, in person  bend (the body) forward, stoop down, bow  Gong (surname) ㎯ r  disgrace, shame, humiliation ㏽ shì  pass, flow (of time, water, etc.)  pass away, die 㐂 féng  meet, encounter, come upon, come across  Feng (surname) 㓃 zhuó  pour (wine), drink (wine)  food and drink  consider, think over  wine cup 䫫 zubn  drill (into), bore (into)  pass through, get into, make one's way into, sneak into  study diligently/intensively, dig into, make a thorough study of, delve into 㝠 líng  hill, mound  mausoleum, Imperial tomb  insult 㝡 táo  pottery, earthenware  make pottery, tiles, etc.  mould,

form, educate, nurture, cultivate  happy, content  Tao (surname) 㝢 xiàn  trap, pitfall (literally or figuratively)  get stuck (in mud, routine, etc.)  sink, be depressed (of the eyes, cheeks, etc.)  frame, entrap  fall (of a city, etc.)  defect, shortcoming 亭 wán  obstinate, stubborn  mischievous, naughty  firm, tough, resolute, adamant 亱 bbn  issue, promulgate  confer, bestow, grant 亲 sòng  praise, laud, extol  extend good wishes  ode, song  Sacrificial Songs (as a section of the Shwjwng リ⥂/䈇㓿 "Book of Odes") ೫ pibn  leaning, inclined to one side  be biased or prejudiced  {formal} have already (eaten, had tea, etc.)  just out of spite, deliberately, contrary to expectation  it would have to happen that..., it's the hard fact that..., as luck would have it  remote and deserted  {historical, military} a military unit of twenty-five chariots or foot soldiers in ancient times ණ dxu  pocket (in clothing)  (small) bag  wrap up in a piece of cloth, wrap up or hold as in a bag, etc.  go in a circle, make a detour  {military} surround, encircle, besiege  solicit, canvass  have doubts about  take upon oneself, assume responsibility for  disclose the whole inside story, disclose all the details of the matter  facing, confronting  (used like dxu ⠭) wicker/cane/bamboo basket; bamboo sedan chair (for one person carried on two poles by two men) ޭ shòu  beast, (four-legged) animal ฀ còu  collect, gather (together), pool, scrape together (funds etc.)  happen to be, avail oneself of, take advantage of (like an opportunity)  press near, move close to, approach  {admin} assistant, dep๪ fù uty, vice-, under-; assistant position  auxiliary, secondary, subsidiary, second-in-command, complementary



(when prefixed to an occupation or sb's office title, indicates secondary or assistant status)  comply with, fit, correspond to  {measure word}... set(s) of...,... pair(s) of... (used for things in pairs like spectacles, or things in sets)  a (certain) look/expression (used to indicate a certain facial expression) ຺ kbn  collate, proofread and correct  survey, investigate ၚ tuò  saliva  spit (esp. to indicate contempt) ୳ ken  gnaw, nibble, bite  take great pains with one's studies, read (a piece of writing) with great effort in order to thoroughly grasp its content  work to no avail க shá  {regional} what...? (a colloquial form of shénme ொ㯠/ொ஄ "what...?") ၵ la  (sentence-final exclamatory particle, fusion of ஢ and ၢ)  (pause particle used after each item in an enumeration) ஜ sè  miserly, stingy, parsimonious  thrifty, frugal ஠ lux  {music} voice accompaniment to a melody  wordy, talkative  speak inarticulately  voices jumbled together  the babbling of a child, babytalk  {Buddhism} (used for transliteration of the Sanskrit syllable "ra")  voice, words  sing ந xiào  whistle  chant, sing  roar, howl  a ringing in the ears ᇽ táng  main room (of a house), main hall  hall (with a specific use, like ancestral hall, memorial hall, dining hall)  {history} law court, main hall of yamen ... Hall (used in hall's/shop's names)  {kinship}... on the paternal side (used for relatives with the same paternal grandfather or great-grandfather)  {measure word}... set(s) of... (used for things in sets, like furniture); ... class(es) of... (used for periods of school class);... session(s) of...,... -appearance(s) (used for court appearances, sessions of a trial);... -scene(s) (used for stage scenes, mural paintings, etc.)  Tang

(surname) ለ duò  fall, sink, drop  {figurative} sink low, degenerate ዝ shc  extravagant, luxurious, wasteful  excessive, inordinate  exaggerated  She (surname) ፠ pó  an old (married) woman  a woman engaged in a certain occupation  mother-in-law (husband's mother)  a character used to transliterate the sanskrit sound "bra" or "bha" ፮ lán  avaricious, greedy Ⴄ ywng  baby, infant  bother, offend  surround, encircle  add to ᓫ chóng  high, lofty  esteem, revere, venerate  full  increase  gather, accumulate  decoration  decoration on a flag  Chong (surname) ᓴ yá  precipice, shore, bank  limit, margin  Ya (surname) ᔂ bcng  collapse, crumble, fall  burst (like of a bubble)  (of negotiations) break down, fail  be hit by sth exploding  bump off (with firearms)  (of the Emperor) die  {med} metrorrhagia ፝ zhdn  towering, rising high  {dialect} great, super, swell ᗤ yxng  mediocre, common  inferior (like talent, ability)  Yong (surname) ᗯ láng  corridor, porch, veranda ᚔ pái  walk back and forth, hesitate ᚕ xf  move (one's home), migrate ᝈ huàn  trouble, disaster  worry, anxiety, distress  suffer from, contract (an illness) ᛜ xuán  hang, suspend  lift, raise  unsettled, unresolved  be worried about, feel anxious  imagine, fancy  far apart, great disparity  {regional, northern, colloq} be dangerous; (before an event) be iffy/chancy/uncertain; (after an event) be a close call ᝚ dào  grieve, mourn ᝥ wdn  heave a sigh, regret, lament



ᝫ tì  cautious, careful, alert  fast, quick, rapid ᜖ diàn  keep thinking about, be concerned about ᝹ jù  fear, be afraid of, dread ᝺ cdn  tragic, pitiful, miserable, wretched  cruel, savage, brutal  (of degree, extent) serious, disastrous 

dark, gloomy, dull  extremely..., terribly... ᝻ dàn  {written} dread, fear, be afraid of, hesitate to do ᤝ peng  hold in both hands  (measure word for things held in both hands)  praise, flatter



Part 6 D ᤩ jié  win, be victorious  victory, triumph  the fruits of victory  quick, nimble  "jie" (a measure of weight)  (previous) Czechoslovakia  the Czech Republic  Czech (language)  Jie (surname) ᤰ xibn  lift, raise (a curtain, lid, etc.)  uncover, expose  surge, churn ᤺ tbo  pull out, take out, dig out  dig  dredge  pick pockets  browse (in shopping), rummage ᤻ qib  pinch, nip  seize, clutch  count on the fingers  tiny amount  {measure word} for sth that can be held in the hand (like a bunch of flowers) ᥀ jué  dig, excavate ᥆ lüè  plunder, pillage  pass over gently and swiftly  beat, flog  comb (the hair, etc.)  long "pie" stroke (in Chinese calligraphy)  take up, hold in the hand ᥈ tàn  seek, explore  a scout, a spy  visit, call on  stretch or lean (the head, upper body) forward  in advance, beforehand  be concerned with, take an interest in ᥏ ydn  cover, hide  shut, close  get caught (like a finger) in a door, under a lid, etc.  attack by surprise ᧧ zhì  throw, toss, cast ᪕ xuán  revolve, rotate, spin  return (home, etc.); go/come back  circle, ring, whorl  place on the scalp where the hair is whorled  soon ᬇ wù  meet, see, have an interview with ᬋ chén  (early) morning; daybreak  (of a rooster) announce the dawn ᱱ liáng  main beam, roof beam  a bridge  ridge (like of the nose, of a mountain, etc.)  Liang (relocated capital of the Wei Kingdom during the Warring States Period at Kaifeng, Hénán Ἑ༡ Province)  the Liang Dynasty (502-557, one of the Southern

Dynasties)  the Later Liang Dynasty (907- 923, one of the Five Dynasties)  Liang (surname) ᲈ shbo  tip (of a twig, or other long and thin object)  thin end (of a long and tapering object)  end, conclusion  short pieces of wood, kindling  bucket, pail  stern (of a boat) Ე xiè  tool, implement, instrument  weapon  (instruments of torture or punishment including) fetters and handcuffs, shackles, etc. ḧ yù  wish, desire  want, need  about to, on the verge of ᾬ shuàn  rinse, wash out  quickboil (beef, fish, etc.)  cheat, swindle ᾰ hán  contain, hold, embody  {construction} a culvert ᾷ diàn  {chem} settle, form a sediment, precipitate Ά xiáo  mix, confuse ᾿ lín  (of rain, etc.) soak, drench, splatter, pour  pour liquid on, sprinkle (water on sth), splash, spray Ὲ táo  wash in a pan (to get rid of sand, etc.)  clean out (wells, pits, etc.)  seek and buy sth in a secondhand shop  search/hunt for  naughty, mischievous ΰ hùn  mix, mingle, confuse  pass off as, pass for  {colloquial} muddle through, drift along, muck about  get along (with sb)  irresponsibly, thoughtlessly, at random ῥ ybn  submerge, flood  drown  (used like ybn ⭇) salt; cure, preserve (foods); marinate; pickle  be soaked with sweat  wide, broad (of learning)  long (of time) ῧ tibn  add (on) (to what is already there); increase ⑄ yú  catch fish, fish  take sth unlawfully or wrongfully ῳ shèn  seep, ooze, permeate  leak, drip Ὼ qú  ditch, canal, channel  chief, leader  outer rim of a wheel 



a shield ↀ pcng  boil, cook  quick-fry in oil and add sauce  bluff  {archaic} boil to death (as a form of punishment) ∝ shudng  bright, clear  fresh, crisp  frank, straightforward  feel well  feel good, feel exhilarated  err, deviate  harm, spoil  silent, speechless  {TW usage} high (on drugs) ⤾ liè  hunt  hunt for, seek  experience ⊗ chbng  {written} savage, wild, unrestrained, fierce, ferocious  reckless, violent  arrogant ⊛ meng  violent, fierce, vigorous, strong, forceful  abrupt(ly), sudden(ly)  Meng (surname) ⑞ hén  a mark, trace, stain  a scar, bruise ┐ dào  rob, steal, burglarize; robber, thief, burglar ┒ shèng  abundant  flourishing, thriving  prosperous  vigorous, exuberant  grand, magnificent  deep, profound  popular, prevalent, widespread, extensive  highly, deeply, greatly  Sheng (surname) ╉ mw  {colloquial} doze off, take a nap, sleep for a while ╌ kuàng  eye socket, orbit, rim of the eye ⾨ huò  misfortune, calamity, disaster  bring disaster on (the nation, etc.)  ruin, damage, wreak havoc ㅬ lóng  cage, coop, basket (made of bamboo, twigs, wire, etc. used as a cage for insects, birds, etc. or as a container)  food steamer (made of bamboo, wood, metal, etc.)  {regional} insert arms in opposite sleeves 㔰 zhuì  sew together  write, compose  embellish, adorn, decorate  link, connect 㙻 lóng  deaf  hard of hearing  muddled, lacking common sense ⯧ bó  large ocean-going vessel ⳦ jyn  mushroom  fungus  germ, bacterium ⴌ méng  bud, sprout, germinate  start, beginning  hoe  the com-

mon people (mostly non-native)  {Web lingo} (esp. of a young woman or a pet) cute, adorable (borrowed from Japanese via Japanese comic books)  Meng (surname) ⾖ xìn  dispute, conflict, quarrel, row  seam, gap, crack  easy to excite, impetuous  {religion} consecrate sacrificial vessels with blood 㺄 xián  hold in the mouth  harbour (resentment, etc.)  rank, title  bit (for a horse) 㻝 xí  raid, surprise  carry on (like tradition)  {measure word} (for a suit of clothing)  Xi (surname) ⿘ fú  a cloth-wrapper (a cloth used to wrap things into bundles and carry them, still common in Japan [furoshiki]) 䈻 móu  seek, pursue, strive after  plan, scheme, stratagem, plot  Mou (surname) 䈽 dié  spying, espionage, intelligence  spy, (intelligence) agent 䈾 hudng  a lie, falsehood, false statement 䉀 xié  harmonious  reach an agreement (after consultation)  humorous 㐊 dài  to, till; reach  before (sth happens), while (sth lasts)  seize, arrest, take into custody 㓋 xù  indulge in wine, get drunk and become violent 䞍 yùn  make wine, brew beer  wine, beer 䬝 míng  inscription (mostly engraved or cast, recording meritorious deeds, etc.)  inscribe, engrave (in commemoration, etc.)  engrave on the mind 䱀 chdn  explain, clarify, elucidate, expound, elaborate on  Chan (place during the Chynqiy ᫓⛅ Period [770-476 BCE] in the area of present Shbndxng ᒣᮾ/ᒣь Province) 㝯 lóng  grand, magnificent, solemn  prosperous, flourishing, thriving  deep (like winter); extreme, intense (like feelings, friendship, etc.)  stick out, stand out, protrude, bulge,



swell  enlarge  Long (surname) 䳀 yfn  hide, conceal  latent, dormant, hidden  invisible  secret; privacy  faint, indistinct  (live) in seclusion  {classical} mysterious  avoid mentioning  enigmatic language, riddle 亷 px  lean to one side  inclined to one side, oblique, partial  very, rather, quite 亸 jfng  neck  sth resembling a neck (like the neck of a vase) 侵 xiàn  filling, stuffing (for pastry, dumplings, etc.) ۘ ch  stockpile, store up; save and preserve  heir apparent  wait, await  Chu (surname) ๭ gc  cut (off), sever  divide, separate, give up, cede (territory) ན shà  big/tall building, highrise, mansion  {dialect} back porch, rear veranda ႁ ld  horn, bugle, trumpet, brass wind instrument  loudspeaker  (of an automobile) horn ႃ hóu  throat, larynx ႍ chudn  pant, gasp, breathe heavily (like from asthma, physical exertion)  {med} asthma ௫ yù  (variant of yù ௫) explain, inform, tell  know, understand, be aware of  a metaphor, analogy, allegory, figure of speech  Yu (surname) ሏ bdo  fort, fortress, fortification, ramparts, castle ሐ dw  dyke, dam  embankment (along a river, lake, etc.) ሓ kbn  can, may  bear, endure, withstand  Kan (surname) ዛ diàn  found, establish, settle  {ancestor worship} make offerings of food and wine to the spirits of the dead  offer, present ዟ ào  deep, profound, mysterious, obscure, abstruse  southwest corner of a house  the innermost recesses of a building  (short for Àodìlì ዠᆅ฼/ዟᆅ฼) Austria  {physics, unit of measure} oersted (Oe, the physical unit of magnetic field)  the

Olympics  Ao (surname) ፹ méi  go-between, matchmaker  intermediary  medium, media ᎒ sdo  sister-in-law (elder brother's wife)  {formal} sister (form of addressing a married women of one's own generation)  a middle-aged married woman  (following a job designation) middle-aged female worker/employee in the job designated ᒖ l‚  repeatedly, again and again ᔐ qiàn  inlay  inlaid, set (like with pearls)  resist (like the enemy), ᚚ yù ward off (like the cold) ᚠ xún  obey, abide by, comply with, follow  proceed in order or rank  make an inspection tour  stroke, comfort ᝨ huò  be confused, puzzled, baffled, doubtful  mislead, delude  be in doubt (about sth)  {Buddhism} worry, vexation ᜙ chéng  punish, penalize  {written} warn, admonish, guard against; suffer from ᜛ bèi  tired, weary, exhausted, fatigued ᝼ duò  neglect, be negligent (of one's duties, etc.)  (be) lazy, idle, inactive  (be) indolent, indiscreet, disrespectful  belittle, underrate, slight, hold in light esteem ច re  provoke, invite (like trouble); attract (like attention), cause (like laughter)  offend, tease, annoy ᝓ lèng  dumbfounded, stupefied, distracted  rash, reckless, blunt, foolhardy  {dialect} wilful(ly), stubborn(ly)  ៓ kdi  indignant, roused  deeply touched, moved (emotionally)  generous, liberal ᧠ bbi  break apart (with the hands)  break or tear off (with fingers and thumb)  {dialect, colloquial} break up (a relationship); break up with; fall out with; separate from  study, examine, analyze ᥣ róu  rub, knead  bend



᧽ zòu  hit, beat (sb)  smash, break (sth) ᥸ jic  take off, peel off, tear off, remove  take (the lid) off, uncover  expose, lay bare, unmask, reveal (some unpleasant truth)  bring to light, make public  raise, hoist, hold high  Jie (surname) ᥼ yuán  pull, draw (with the hand), hold  cite, quote  help, aid, assist, support ᨰ chbn  support sb (like the aged or infirm) by holding their arm; lead sb by the hand  mix, blend  dilute, adulterate ᨱ gc  put, place, lay  put in, add  leave over, put aside, shelve ᨲ lxu  gather up, rake up, rake together (with the hands, a rake, etc.)  roll up, tuck up (like a gown, one's sleeves)  grab/extort (money)  {regional} pull, squeeze (the trigger)  compute, check/calculate (accounts) ᨵ jido  stir, mix, agitate  bother, annoy, disturb ᦊ cux  rub (with) the hands  roll or twist sth with both hands  {ping-pong} (do) a chop ᦏ sxu  search, seek, look for  ransack, rummage  {onom} the sound of a fast-moving object ᦚ db  build, erect, put up  put over, lay over, hang over, drape sth soft (like a towel, laundry) over sth (like a shoulder, clothesline)  join together, connect, let overlap  add, contribute, throw in more (money, services, resources, troops, etc.)  jointly lift sth (heavy or bulky)  in combination, mixed together  take, travel, go by (car, bus, boat, ship, plane, etc.) ᩏ chdng  (of a room, courtyard, wagon, etc.) spacious, roomy  open, uncovered ᩬ bbn  spot, speckle, stripe  spotted, speckled, striped  (of hair) greying, grizzled ᪁ sw  (used to transliterate the "s" sound in foreign words)  this  then  here  {phonetic, physics, measurement} slug (unit of mass)  Si

(surname) ᬓ xw  clear, distinct ᬗ jwng  bright, shining  crystal, quartz  crystalline substance  the sun ᬞ liàng  air-dry, dry in the air  dry in the sun  become cool Შ gùn  a stick, club, cudgel, cane  a scoundrel, rascal, hoodlum, ruffian Ჯ zxng  palm, Trachycarpus fortunei  coir, palm fiber  brown ᳝ chuí  {tool} hammer; hit with a hammer, hammer (in, on)  beat (like a drum)  stupid, dull-witted Ὕ tug  long and narrow, cylindrical  cylindrical-shaped container ḭ qw  deceive, cheat  bully, humiliate, take advantage of Ṫ zhí  breed, multiply, propagate  trade, do business  establish, set up  plant, cultivate  Zhi (surname) Ώ dù  go across, cross (a river, etc.)  tide over, get through, pull through, make it  a ferry; a ferry landing; ferry across  a ferry crossing (used in place names) ´ zhb  dregs, sediment  bits, pieces   gdng  port, harbour  branch (of a river) (character often used in place names, like Xibnggdng 㤶  "Hong Kong")  [G-] (short for Xibnggdng 㤶 ) Hong Kong ‍ mido  vast, expansive (of water)  vague, remote and indistinct  tiny, insignificant † hú  lake  (short for Húnán †༡) Hunan Province  (short for Húbei †໭) Hubei Province  (short for Húzhxu †ᕞ) Huzhou (now renamed to Wúxìng ੣⯆/ྻ‫ޤ‬, in Zhèjibng ύỤ Province) ‴ wbn  river bend  bay, gulf  anchor, moor ⒳ kuì  (of a dyke, dam) burst, breach  {written} break through, breach (an encirclement)  be routed, be defeated, fall to pieces  {med} fester, ulcerate ⒵ jiàn  splash, spatter



Ⓓ gài  {agriculture} irrigate, water ⁠ zw  grow, flourish, multiply, breed  more  add to, increase (troubles, etc.)  (of water or other liquids, sparks, etc.) spurt (out), burst (from)  zhì  stagnate  stagnant, sluggish  be detained ↔ jibo  burned, scorched  coke  anxious, worried  joule  {med} burner  dark yellow, brown  reef  Jiao (a state in Shan County, Hénán Ἑ ༡ Province)  Jiao (surname) ↙ yàn  flame, blaze  glowing, blazing  bright, brilliant ⌶ zhuó  carve and polish (jade, etc., or figuratively one's mind, character, etc.) ␒ fbn  {measure word} (used for an act, talking, thought/mood, experience, or process that takes time/effort; e.g., tb zhè huà ௚㏺ ヰ/௚䘉 䈍 "these words/remarks of his"; zuòchy yw nlì సฟ୍ ດຊ "make an effort"; used mostly after yw ୍ "one", zhè 䘉 "this", nà 㑣, or jf ᗄ/ช "several")  {measure word} time, time through (used as a verbal complement, similar to huí ᅇ or biàn 㐢); times (used after the verb fbn ⩻ "to double (an amount)", e.g. fbnle yw fbn ⩻஢୍␒ "(some amount) doubled"; with lower numbers (esp. 2 and 3), the increase implied is often in a geometric sequence, so that fbn lidng fbn ⩻୩␒ = to quadruple, i.e. double (the amount) and then double the result again)  foreign, non-Chinese  barbarian, aboriginal, savage  kind, type, style  replace (in turn), rotate ␛ chóu  farmland, arable land  category, kind, division  {physics} domain, field (like of magnetism) ␰ shy  scattered, thin, sparse  distant (of a relationship)  neglect, be careless about  inadequate, deficient  scatter, disperse, thin out  memorandum making a proposal or request to a superior  exegesis, annotated commentary  Shu (surname) Ⱊ huàn  {med} paralysis, palsy,

numbness of the limbs ⚺ qín  birds  poultry  birds and beasts  Qin (surname) ⛥ xw  rare, scarce, uncommon, unusual  sparse, scattered  thin, diluted, watery, of low viscosity (in contrast to chóu ⛻ "thick, of high viscosity"); sth thin, watery (like porridge, syrup, etc.)  (when preceding certain adjectives) totally, completely, extremely (as in xwbalàn ⛥ᕮ∉/⛥ᕮ⛲ "smashed to pieces", "broken to smithereens") ヌ cuàn  (of bandits, a defeated army, animals, etc.) flee, run away  {written} expel, banish, exile  revise (text), change (the wording)  tamper with... ネ wx  nest (or similar shelter for birds, bees, etc.)  den, lair  {regional} space occupied (by sb or sth)  a hollow, a pit  curl up, huddle up  hold back, hold in, check  bend (sth)  {measure word}... litter(s) of...,... swarm(s) of...,... brood(s) of... (for young animals born in a nest, or a swarm of bees, etc.) ➽ jwn  muscle  tendon, sinew  veins (esp. those visible under the skin)  sth resembling a tendon or vein ⟂ kubng  square bamboo basket  tray  small hairpin ⟄ tgng  a thick length of bamboo  sth resembling a thick tube (like a smokestack)  part of clothing that is tube-shaped (like the sleeves of garments)  {measure word}... tube(s) of...,... tin(s) of... (used for things in cylindrical containers) ㆋ shbi  sieve, sifter, screen  sieve, sift, screen  warm wine  pour (wine)  beat (a gong) ⢛ zhxu  gruel, congee  form, establish, conclude 㕄 dì  restrain, suppress ⩧ xiáng  fly in circles  stretch out both arms while walking 㘈 qiáo  lift, raise (the head)  become dried out and warped (like boards, sheets)  the long tail feathers



of a bird  an ornament worn by women ⭍ qibng  cavity (of the body, like chest cavity, oral cavity)  words, speech  tune, melody, aria, pitch  accent, intonation  {measure word} for butchered sheep ⯲ tfng  small boat  submarine ⴷ dgng  {written} direct, supervise, superintend, oversee  a trustee, director, manager, superintendent  hard  (used for dòng ື/ࣘ) move  Dong (surname) ⴾ hú  bottle-gourd (calabash gourd, birdhouse gourd), Lagenaria siceraria ⴿ zàng  bury, inter  of or pertaining to burying the dead ⵐ dì  the peduncle or stem of a plant; the stem or base of a fruit ⻅ mán  uncivilized, unreasonable  peoples from south China  very, rather, quite ⿣ liè  split, crack, rupture, rend, break  silk remnants  cut/tear open  {bot} stoma (tiny opening or pore on the under-surface of a plant leaf) ⿱ yù  rich, plentiful, abundant  make rich (of a country, people)  tolerant, magnanimous  road  lead, guide 䉓 yáo  ballad, rhyme  rumour 䉔 bàng  {written/literary} slander, vilify, defame  attack sb viciously  criticize, fault-find 䍻 fù  grant, bestow, vest/endow with  {archaic} land tax, agricultural tax  {literature} Prose Poetry, the Prose Poem (a literary form that developed from the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties Period featuring a combination of prose and verse and a highly descriptive vocabulary)  write/compose (poetry) 䍼 d  gamble  bet, wager ㊚ dic  stumble, lose one's footing, trip over  fall, tumble (down)  (of prices, water level, etc.) fall, drop  pass, overtake  surpass, exceed  differ, err, commit an error, make a

mistake  hurt one's foot  the sole (of the foot) 䖹 huw  glow, radiance, splendour, lustre  (of the sun) shine  {metaphor} shine, last forever ㎟ gy  a (heinous) crime; guilt  {written} abandon, betray  {historical, legal} crucifixion (as a form of punishment)  support, maintain  monopolize  Gu (surname) 㐕 bw  (variant of bw 㐕) force, compel, pressure, press, coerce, demand, extort  approach, draw near, close in  harass, annoy  {written} cramped, narrow 㐤 è  check, hold back, restrain, curb 䬨 zhù  melt, cast, coin, mint, mold, form  casting, founding  Zhu (state near Ningyang, Shbndxng ᒣᮾ/ᒣь Province) 䬪 py  spread out, lay out, unfold  lay (a road, railroad)  make (a bed)  {measure word, dialect} (used for a kàng ⅙ [the brick bed warmed by a fire underneath, common in northern China]) 䬸 xiù  rust, corrode, get rusty  {bot} rust (Uredinales, the fungus plant disease) 䬻 fcng  (of a knife, sword, etc.) sharp edge, cutting edge, pointed end  (mostly of troops) vanguard, forefront 䱄 kuò  wide, broad (area)  rich  ostentatious, extravagant, lavish  long separated 㝼 ài  a pass (at a mountain or narrow spot)  narrow  strategically located and difficult to access 㝽 xì  crack, crevice, fissure  gap (of space, time)  loophole, opportunity  rift (between people)  border on, adjoin 㞞 yd  elegant, graceful, refined  dynastic hymns, hymns from Western Zhou Dynasty court (a section of the Shwjwng リ⥂/䈇㓿 "Book of Odes")  Ya (surname) 侸 kuì  give (a present), present (a gift)



侻 chán  gluttonous, greedy (for food) 僊 sbo  harass, disturb, upset, disrupt  poetry and prose, literary writings; (short for Lí Sbo 㞳㦕/⚹僊) of or pertaining to the poem Li Sao (written by the poet Qy Yuán ᒅཎ [ca. 340 BCE-278 BCE])  flirtatious, coquettish  obscene  (used like sbo ⮔) pungent/foul urinal smell  {dialect} male of certain domestic animals 励 l  slow, dull  crude, rash  Lu (state during the Zhou Dynasty in area of Qufu, Shbndxng ᒣᮾ/ᒣь Province)  Lu (name for Shbndxng ᒣᮾ/ᒣь Province)  Lu (surname) ཾ dié  hoard, stockpile, pile up, accumulate  repeat, duplicate  fold (up)  thick  make a plait, crease (in clothing)  fear, be afraid  be filled with, swell with  break, snap  flourish, be in high spirits  a pile (not too

high, like sheets of paper, banknotes) {measure word}... pile(s)  of...,...ream(s) of...,...wad(s) of...,...stack(s) of...(used for a stack of flat objects, mostly made of paper, e.g., sheets of paper, newspapers, banknotes) Ⴅ xiù  smell, sniff, scent ఖ suo  suck ఘ hci  {interjection} Hey! Hi! (or similar expression used as a greeting, or to get sb's attention, indicate satisfaction or surprise, wonderment, etc.) ట Ĕg  {interjection} question particle (what?) ሤ tb  collapse, fall down, cave in  sink, droop, subside ር táng  dike, embankment  pond  bathing pool  firepit



Part 6E ሰ sbi  fill, stuff, cram  squeeze in, stuff in, fill in  stop  stopper, plug, cork ቎ mù  grave, tomb ᎈ xí  daughter-in-law  the wife of a relative of a younger generation ᎖ jí  (be) jealous, envious  hate, detest, despise ᎘ xián  suspicion  detest, loathe, dislike, mind  grudge, resentment, hard feelings, ill will, enmity  complain (about/of)  be too...; excessively... (followed by an adjective) ቤ gbn  (of a situation) awkward, hard to deal with  be in a dilemma; be embarrassed (as in gbngà ቧᑱ/ቤᑱ "embarrassed"; "embarrassing") ᗮ lián  honest, upright, clean  low-priced, cheap, inexpensive  side of a main room or hall  examine  Lian (surname) ᗷ kuò  broad, wide, extensive  an outline, a silhouette  expand, enlarge  clean up  city wall ថ yù  better, superior  more and more, even more, still more ហ yú  stupid, foolish, dull-witted  deceive, dupe, make a fool of ឿ cí  kind, compassionate, loving  {written} (mostly of senior persons) love, kindness, affection  paternal love  a (loving) mother  Ci (surname) ᦇ bó  wrestle, fight, struggle  beat [of the pulse, etc.], throb, pulsate ᦠ xié  bring, carry, take along  hold/take by the hand ᩺ tbn  spread out, display  (vendor's) stall, booth, stand  {measure word}... pool(s) of...,... puddle(s) of... (used for liquid spread out in puddles, like water, mud, a pool of blood, etc.)  {measure word} (used for abstract items, like a job, work, etc., in this meaning only preceded by the numeral yw ୍ "one") ᩵ zhcn  pour (wine or tea into a

cup or bowl)  ladle, cup  consult, deliberate  Zhen (ancient state)  Zhen (surname) ᬣ xubn  warmth (of the sun)  soft and fluffy (like steamed bread)  spring evening Ẋ diàn  hall, palace, temple  {military} at the rear  Dian (surname) ẋ huf  destroy, demolish, ruin  {regional} (of clothing, etc.) refashion, make over, refurbish ⁀ liù  swift current, rapids  {regional} rapid, swift, deft  row (of houses, etc.) {measure word}... row(s) of... (used for trains or things or people in a row)  area, vicinity, neighbourhood; surroundings  train, exercise  {regional} fill (a crevice, crack, gap, etc.) ⁇ xw  small (mountain) stream, creek, brook, rivulet ⁐ róng  dissolve  broad, vast ⁧ tbo  fill, inundate └ lˆ  strain, filter ┕ làn  flood, overflow  excessive, reckless, unrestrained ┘ bwn  water's edge, bank, shore  be near, border on (a sea, river, etc.)  Harbin ↥ huáng  bright, shining, brilliant [like of the stars] ⑶ bì  {Chinese med} pain and numbness caused by wind, cold and dampness  rheumatism, rheumatic pain  obstruction of vital energy and blood flow (mostly causing pain) ┕ méng  alliance, league  sworn (brothers)  swear an oath when signing a treaty  league (administrative unit in autonomous regions in northern China, such as Nèi Mengg zìzhìqy ‫ޗ‬ ⵚྂ⮬἞༐/ෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊ "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region") ╩ dy  look (closely), scrutinize, investigate, watch, observe  superintend/direct, oversee, supervise  think, consider  lead, guide  ad-



vance, promote, push forward  middle, centre  Du (surname) ╬ mù  harmonious, peaceful  Mu (surname) ╱ cdi  take notice of, pay attention to ╶ d  see  look at, gaze at  observe, witness ◿ lù  (of a person) mediocre, commonplace, vulgar  busy (with all sorts of work) ☃ bci  stone tablet, stone monument, stele ⛶ zhì  young  Zhi (surname) ⛻ chóu  thick (in contrast to xw ⛥ "thin")  dense, thick (with people, trees, etc.)  Chou (surname) ⟛ chóu  a chip (for keeping count, made of bamboo, ivory, etc.)  plan, prepare  raise (funds)  means, way, resource 㕊 fù  tie up, truss up, tie fast, bind fast 㕍 féng  sew, stitch 㕐 chán  wind (around), twine  entwine, entangle  pester  {dialect} deal with, cope with  {astronomy} course of a celestial body  Chan (surname) ⨤ zhào  cover, wrap  cover, shade, hood  outer garment (like overalls)  small cage for raising birds  cylindrical bamboo fish or bird trap ⨫ sh  public office, government office  prepare for, make arrangements for  serve as proxy or deputy  sign (one's name) ⫔ sì  unbridled, wanton, unrestrained  four (the number so written to prevent alteration, forgery, etc.)  shop (like wineshop)  market place  display a corpse in the market place (as a form of posthumous punishment)  display, exhibit  delay, put off  stretch, extend  very, extremely  Si (surname) ⭓ xwng  raw meat (as ceremonial offering)  raw meat, raw fish  smelling of raw meat/fish, smelling fishy ⭚ sbi  cheek  lower part of face  jaw  gills of a fish

⭡ fù  stomach, belly, abdomen; {figurative} belly (of a jar, pot, etc.)  one's heart, one's feelings; embrace, clutch in one's bosom, be wholehearted  the inside, inner part; thick, protruding (belly-like) 㞫 nì  greasy, oily (of foods)  be bored with, be sick and tired  careful, meticulous  sticky  dirt, filth 㞮 téng  gallop, run, jump, prance  rise, ascend  make room, vacate, clear out  (used after a verb indicates repeated action of the verb)... again and again,...repeatedly  Teng (surname) ⵚ méng  cover (like sb's eyes)  meet with, incur, suffer, encounter  ignorant; ignorance  {divination} Meng (one of the sixty-four hexagrams in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes")  Meng (surname) ⵨ zhcng  evaporate  steam (cooking method)  kindling  torch made of hemp stalks, bamboo, etc. ⵳ xù  store up, save up, accumulate  grow (out or long, of hair)  hold in mind, harbour, entertain  await ⶇ péng  {bot} bitter fleabane, Erigeron acris  (of hair, leaves, etc.) dishevelled, loose, fluffy  {measure word} bunch, clump (used for a clump or bunch of flowers, grass, bamboo, etc.) 䉜 miù  false, erroneous  Miu (surname) 䎆 lài  rely on, depend on  tarry, linger  deny one's error, disclaim responsibility  accuse falsely  blame  no good  Lai (surname) ㊬ kuà  step  straddle (like a horse), bestride (like a river)  span, extend across, exceed (in amount, time, distance)  occupy (territory) ㊭ guì  kneel, be down on one's knees, prostrate oneself, kowtow 䗀 fú  spoke (of a wheel) ㎢ bì  {written} sovereign, monarch  dispel, eliminate, remove  keep away, ward off  (used like bì 㑊) avoid, shun, evade, repel, keep



away, prevent  {history} be summoned by the sovereign to be rewarded and appointed to an official post 㐵 qidn  send, dispatch  exile, banish  eliminate, dispel  cause, make 㐶 yáo  far away, distant, remote 㒥 bf  mean, low, vulgar  my  despise, look down upon  remote place  Bi (unit of five hundred families during the Zhxu ࿘ Dynasty) 㓘 chóu  {written} propose a toast  repay a kindness, return a favour  {economics} payment, salary, remuneration  social engagements  fulfil, realize 䢤 jiàn  (variant of jiàn 㚷/䢤) mirror (both literal and figurative)  {history} ancient bronze mirror  reflect, mirror  examine, scrutinize, inspect, survey  warning, lesson  {written, formal} (at the beginning of a letter) please read (the following); allow me to draw your attention to... 䭔 chuí  {tool} hammer, metal mallet or club; hit with a hammer, hammer (in, on), temper; hammer into shape  sliding weight of a steelyard  {archaic, weaponry} metal ball with a chain or handle, mace 䭖 jfn  brocade  colourful, bright, beautiful  Jin (surname) 㞀 zhàng  obstruct, hinder  obstruction, barrier 㞿 báo  {meteorology} hail  hailstone 仆 yfng  glume  point, tip (of sth long and thin, like a writing brush)  clever, bright  head of a writing brush 㨦 hún  the soul, spirit  a feeling, mood  (of a nation, people, army, etc.) the spirit ථ jwng  fearful, cautious, wary Ⴥ cáo  noise, din, hubbub; noisy (mostly of people's voices) დ ma  (particle used in rhetorical questions, in statements indicating an obvious truth, or to highlight what follows)  (final particle for obviousness, urging, impatience, etc.)

ቄ shù  villa  thatched cottage ቕ xy  ruins  reduce to ruins  a hill  rural or small town market or fair ᘢ bì  disadvantage, harm, drawback  corrupt practice, fraud, malpractice  exhausted, tired  inferior, bad ᙲ zhbng  clear, manifest, obvious  manifest, display  praise, commend  Zhang (surname) ៟ kbng  ardent  generous, magnanimous ᡖ jié  cut, sever  cut, slice  {measure word}... segment(s) of...,... section(s) of...,... slice(s) of... (used for sections cut from a longer piece, like from a pipe, a rope, a cucumber, etc.)  stop, stem, intercept  by, up to (a certain time) ᦵ cuw  break, destroy, annihilate, devastate (e.g., enemy forces)  push (aside/away/out)  pull, drag  be ruined, perish  squeeze (out), put under pressure  obstruct, hinder, thwart, prevent  cause a setback, frustrate  slander, disparage, vilify, speak ill of, ridicule, dishearten  arrive  go/proceed to  go to the end, do sth thoroughly  grieve, be anxious/troubled ᪝ qí  flag, banner, pennant  of or pertaining to the Eight Banners (Bbqí, of the Manchus)  banner (county level administrative division in Nèi Mengg Zìzhìqy ‫⮬ྂⵚޗ‬἞༐/ෆ ⵚྂ⮬἞༊ "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region")  Qi (surname) ᳗ ài  (of daylight) dim  {figurative} (of actions, thinking, etc.) ambiguous, dubious ᴶ bdng  posted list of names, roster  publicly posted roll of successful examinees  {archaic} placard, announcement, (public) notice  horizontal board with inscription ᴼ zhà  press, extract, squeeze out  press (for extracting oil, juice, etc.) ⁽ qw  lacquer, paint  to paint  black  Qi (surname)



↿ xw  put out, extinguish ⇅ xùn  {dialect} suffocate, get poisoned (from coal gas) ⇑ bo  cook in boiling water, boil, stew  {metaphor} be worn down by worries/cares; despondent, discouraged, dejected ⒜ dá  {med} pimple(s), acne  carbuncle (as in gcda ␷⒜ "pimple[s]") ☐ bì  green jade  jasper  blue, blue-green  Bi (surname) ☚ tàn  carbon ☩ cux  grind (ivory tusks/horns/bones into utensils or other objects)  polish  consult, talk over, deliberate ➂ jié  exhaust, use up  carry, bear  dry up (of a river, pool) ➃ dubn  end, tip (of an object)  extremity  beginning, start, foundation, source (of a matter, affair)  cause, occasion, reason, pretext  item, point, aspect  proper, upright  hold or carry sth level with both hands (like a tray)  Duan (surname) ⢨ cuì  pure, unadulterated  the essence, quintessence  the best, the cream of the crop ⭷ mó  membrane  membranelike coating, film 㠶 yú  cart (or carriage) body  cart, carriage  sedan chair, palanquin  land, territory  public (opinion, etc.)  carry, bear  slave, corvee labourer ⯐ tidn  lick with the tongue ⶜ miè  disdain, slight  none, without  destroy, exterminate  impaired vision (from injury) ⶝ wàn  (of trailing plants) tendrilled vine  grow and spread 㭬 di  (of vegetation) thick, dense, luxuriant, lush  friendly, affable, amiable ⶸ bì  hide, conceal, cover, shelter  summarize, generalize 　 cháng  {archaic} skirt  clothing ㄋ shì  take an oath, swear, pledge  oath, pledge, vow 䉡 p  chronological table, re-

cord, register  a guide, manual (like a chess manual)  {music} music (score)  compose, set to music  certainty, confidence  airs, pose, pretense ㋀ ygng  leap, jump ㋂ chóu  hesitate, falter 䗆 xiá  {mechanical engineering} linchpin (in the axle of a wheel)  {admin} have jurisdiction over  have under one's command  govern, administrate 㐼 zbo  encounter, meet with, come across (mostly sth unfortunate)  all around  {measure word} (used for the time/occasion of an action, round trips, or time around) 㐽 zhc  cover, block the view  block, obstruct, hide  conceal, cover up 㓞 kù  "cool" (sound-borrowing from English; metaphor for sb who is good looking, natural and unrestrained, or sth which is excellent, etc.)  cruel, tyrannical  very, extreme(ly)  (of criticism) harsh  (of wine) mellow  (of fragrance) strong 䞯 niàng  ferment, brew (liquor, beer, wine, vinegar, etc.)  make honey  (as a cooking method) stuff peppers with ground meat and cook/fry/steam them  breed, bring about, result in (upheaval, a tragedy, etc.) 䭢 qiè  carve, engrave  sickle  cut off 㞈 suì  tunnel, underground passageway  road  revolve, rotate 㞤 cí  {zool, bot} female  feminine 㨨 pò  soul  spirit, vigour, vitality ൞ jibng  fall forward  stiff, rigid, immovable  (of relations) be at an impasse, be uncomfortable  still  stalemate, deadlock, impasse  corpse  stop smiling and become serious ൢ pì  out-of-the-way, remote, secluded  odd, eccentric, unorthodox  rare, uncommon (like word, character)



๼ pf  split, divide, separate  break off, strip off  injure the legs or fingers by spreading them too wide ლ cháo  ridicule, deride, scorn, sneer, mock ქ hci  {interjection} Hey! Hi! (or similar expression used as a greeting, or to get sb's attention, indicate satisfaction or surprise, wonderment, etc.) ቚ mò  ink  {philosophy} the Mohist School  (short for Mòxwgc ቚ すဪ) Mexico  Mo (surname) ᒚ l‚  shoes  walk on, tread on  (foot)step  fulfill, carry out, put into effect  {divination} "Lü" (one of the sixty-four hexagrams in the Yìjwng ᫆⥂/᫆㓿 "Book of Changes") ᖮ zhuàng  {measure word, dialect} (used for houses and other buildings, or for stories of a building)  carriage curtain ៬ bic  suppress, repress, hold back, bottle up (like anger)  stifle, suffocate  vex, frustrate  {dialect} brew in one's mind, mull over sth; watch out for, be on the lookout for; (of adverse weather) brew  force (sb to do sth), coerce  (of a fuse) blow ᧇ chcng  prop up, support, brace  maintain, sustain, keep up  push (a boat forward) with a pole, punt  fill/be filled to the point of bursting  unfurl, open (an umbrella, etc.) ‫( ۅ‬in Traditional characters, ᧇ is a non-standard variant of ᧆ) ᧈ sd  spread, scatter, broadcast, sprinkle  spill, drop  Sa (surname) ᧔ chè  remove, take away  {regional} reduce (smell, etc.); take off (weight, etc.); lighten, alleviate  withdraw, pull out ᩜ fy  apply, put on (powder, cream, a poultice, etc.)  spread, lay (like pipes, tracks)  be sufficient, be enough  Fu (surname) ᭀ bào  sudden and violent, fierce  savage, ruthless, cruel, brutal, tyrannical  short-tempered, ill-tempered  stick/stand/bulge out, pro-

trude  expose, reveal  {written} spoil, wreck, ruin Ẏ yì  resolute, firm, determined  cruel, ruthless ₯ qián  hidden, latent, concealed  secretly, stealthily  submerge, sink into water  Qian (surname) ₻ cháo  tide, tidal water  upsurge  {figurative} rise and fall (like the tide); social upsurge, movement; wave, trend, craze  moist, damp  {regional} (of gold or silver) low-grade  of low quality  (of skill, craftsmanship, etc.) inferior, poor  unskilled, not skilful  (short for Chaozhou ₻ᕞ, city in Gudngdxng ᘅᮾ/ᗅь Province) ⃈ dèng  (of suspended impurities in liquids) settle  (of a liquid) (become) clear  {dialect} decant, strain (a liquid) ⃋ chè  (of water) clear, limpid ⇐ yùn  iron/press (clothes) ⒗ liú  tumor ⱛ tbn  paralysis, palsy ⷂ mán  conceal the truth, withhold the facts  (with) closed eyes  Man (surname) ☣ bàng  {unit of measure} pound (weight)  (platform) scale  weigh (on a scale)  {printing} point (measurement of type) ☱ kc  knock or bump into sth hard  knock out (like ashes from a pipe), knock against  loud sound (like of a drum) ✋ dào  {agriculture} rice (the plant or its edible seed)  rice paddy ✏ gdo  (of writing) draft; (of painting) sketch  manuscript, final copy  plan, idea, draft document  {bot} grain stalk; straw ⟺ jiàn  arrow  the distance covered by a flying arrow, the reach of an arrow  {bot} Chinese Fountainbamboo, Sinarundinaria nitida ⭶ táng  {physiology} chest cavity ⭸ xw  knee ⯺ sxu  {measure word} (used for large sea-going vessels; the Taiwan pronunciation is sbo) 㮤 yùn  contain, have within,



hold in store  profound, inside (as information)  reserved and refined, temperate, well-controlled (as in yùnjié ⸾⸘/㮤⸘ "reserved and refined, temperate, well-controlled")  muggy, sultry  fragments of hemp 䉤 qidn  denounce, censure, punish  {written} remove a delinquent official from office  Qian (surname) ㋃ tà  step on, tread on, trample  on-the-spot/on-site (investigation, survey, etc.) ㋑ zxng  footprint, trace, track  follow, track 䭷 zhèn  town, township  apply weight to, weigh down, press down  keep down by power or force, suppress  calm (sb's mood), tranquilize  garrison, guard with military force/presence  garrison post  cool (a beverage, watemelon, etc.) with ice or in cold water 仍 é  forehead  (inscribed) tablet/board  specific number, fixed amount 㯪 lí  {written} multitude  black, dark  [Li] (state in Shbnxw ᒣ す Province)  Li (surname)  (used in transliterating foreign words, e.g. in Líbbnèn 㯪ᕮᎤ "Lebanon")  Li (ethnic group in Hainan) จ níng  congeal, coagulate  fixed, concentrated (i.e. attention, thought) ᄀ zào  clamour, noise  chirp (of birds, insects)  a din  shout curses  slander ᧩ shàn  do on one's own authority, do without authorization  be good at, be skilled in, excel at ᧰ qíng  lift up, hold up ᶳ chéng  orange, Citrus sinensis (the tree or its fruit)  orange (colour) ☂ bwn  shore, bank  border on, be close to (a sea, river, etc.)  be on the brink of, be on the verge of ⒣ qué  be lame, limp Ɱ yfn  addiction, craving  passion for, fondness for [like chess, sports] ☻ mó  rub (off), wear (off) 

grind, whet, sharpen, polish  (of illness, etc.) wear (sb) down, torment  pester, plague  obliterate, erase  waste time, procrastinate  fall into oblivion, die out ⠩ péng  awning, covering (made of bamboo, reeds or canvas and mostly for a boat, car)  a sail  a boat 㕤 jido  pay, hand over (under compulsion or as an obligation)  force to hand over, capture (mostly weapons) ⭾ péng  expand in all directions, swell (as in pénghcng ⭾㝍 "potbellied")  firewood, fuel  salary ⸄ xwn 䎐 zèng  present as a gift 䗉 zhé  a wheel rut/groove/track  the direction of traffic  {figurative} the right track  {poetry, music} rhyme (in traditional Chinese singing)  a way, means, method, wit, knowhow ㎪ biàn  distinguish, discriminate, differentiate 㞩 dibo  carve, engrave  carving, sculpture 㟌 huò  quickly, suddenly  the foothills around mountains  Huo (an ancient state near Huo County, Shbnxw ᒣす Province)  {written} (of birds, used like huò 㟬) fly, flutter  Huo (surname) 仐 dibn  the top (of the head)  the top, peak, summit (of a mountain)  jolt, joggle, bump  fall, topple, turn over  run (about, off); be on the go (all the time)  (used like dibn Ⓤ) mentally ill, insane 伉 bibo  {figurative} go as fast as the wind, speed  rise suddenly, skyrocket  precipitously  {regional} drive/ride (a car or motorcycle) at high speed  {classical} violent wind, whirlwind  {classical} wind, breeze ⒴ ái  {med} cancer; carcinoma ‫( ۅ‬formerly pronounced yán) ▎ zh  stare at, fix one's gaze on ▏ dèng  open the eyes wide  stare, glare, glower ⩼ yì  wing  flank, side  Yi



(surname) ⮎ bì  arm  upper arm  handle of a bow or crossbow ⼺ luó  spiral shell  whorl (of fingerprint) ㋡ ddo  {written} step, tread  stamp (the feet, as in dancing); jump; move up and down (like the limbs in dancing) ㋤ tà  step on, tread on  stumble, slip 䗛 biàn  pigtail, braid  sth resembling a pigtail or braid 㟖 shubng  frost  things resembling frost (like powdered covering of dried persimmon, salt efflorescence)  white  noble and pure  age 㟘 xiá  rosy clouds (at sunrise or sunset)  beautiful and brightly-coloured clothing and adornments 㠭 jy  rear, raise  young, immature  bend (as in bowing)  destitute, poverty-stricken  warn, admonish  leather ball  Ju (surname) ℛ pù  waterfall ▚ zhbn  look in front, look up  look up to, respect そ fù  {written} cover, engulf, envelop  {written} overturn; turn around/over, capsize  (used like fù ᚟/ኞ) reply, answer 䒖 bèng  jump/leap (with both feet at the same time) ㌉ chú  step on, trample on  hesitate, waver, shilly-shally ᨒ pbn  climb, clamber (like hand over hand up a rope or tree)  hold (on to), grasp, cling (to)  curry favour of those in power, seek connections in high places, be a climber  implicate, involve ᭂ zdn  accumulate, collect  save, hoard ᭚ bào  {photography} exposure  lay bare/open, expose ⇿ bào  burst, explode  {onom} crackle, pop (or similar sound of wood crackling in a fire)  quick-fry over very high heat  {media} expose ⎮ bàn  petal (of a flower)  segment, section (as of an orange)  part,

piece, fragment  valve, lamella  {measure word}... slice(s) of...,... clove(s) of... (used for petals, leaves, sections/slices of fruit, cloves of garlic, etc.) ␩ jibng  boundary, border  end, limit  (short for Xwnjibng Wéiwú'er Zìzhìqy ᪂␩⥔࿃∞⮬἞༐/᪂␩㔤࿃ቄ ⮬἞༊) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  Jiang (surname) ⡔ bg  winnow, fan (away chaff, etc.)  separate the chaff (from the grain by tossing it up and down)  (of a ship) roll (in the waves) ㋸ dcng  press down with the foot  step on, tread, pedal (with the feet), treadle  juggle (with the feet)  wear, put on (like shoes, pants, etc.) 仔 chàn  tremble, quiver, vibrate, shake ᄮ jiáo  chew, munch, masticate ኅ rdng  soil, earth  earth, ground  area, land, territory  Rang (surname) ℺ guàn  {agriculture} irrigate, water, flood (a field)  pour (into/down), fill into, cram/force into  {IT} record (sound or video on tape, disc, or other media)  Guan (surname) ⪀ yào  shine, dazzle, light, radiate, illuminate  brilliance, glow  show off, boast, flaunt  glory, honour, credit ㆜ pì  metaphor, analogy, example  give specific instructions ㌄ zào  impatient, impetuous  cunning, crafty 㨱 mó  devil, evil spirit, demon  magic (power, conjuring, etc.) ⾂ chn  stupid, foolish, dumb  awkward, clumsy, unwieldy  {written} wriggle, squirm 㟥 bà  {history, written} feudal overlord, hegemon  chief of the feudal princes  despot, tyrant  hegemonistic power  occupy forcibly, seize  lord it over, dominate, rule by might rather than right  Ba (surname) 䮦 xibng  inlay, mount  border, edge (like of a garment)




          




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ԕֶ ԕֶԕᶕ 㺘⽪ᗎ䙾৫Ḁᱲⴤࡠ⨮൘ࠋᡆ⢩ᤷḀаᱲ䯃 Ⲵа⇥ᱲᵏࠋ ࠓᐖۣိᱝ‫ॱޜ‬йᒤࠔ㸸³ᘇᾝᯬྭ㸪䅋⿞ᯬㅹ㸪⽪ေᯬ⵮㸪ᱝ᰾ᯬ⾎㸪㠚ਔԕֶ㸪ᵚѻᡆཡҏࠋ ´ࠓ䲣ᴨိц⾆㌰ࠔ㸸³㠚௚Ҳԕֶ㸪ॱᴹ佈䔹㸪㐘ᡦ߻ӑ㸪㩜н䚪аࠋ´ࠉᆻ㰷䔮ࠓᶡඑᘇ᷇ိ⑨ ༛ཡ㚧ѻ⾽ࠔ㸸³ഋ㘵䴆⮠㸪‫⦻ݸ‬ഐ؇䁝⌅㸪֯ࠪҾа««兿ᱹԕֶࠪᯬҍ૱ѝ↓㸪䲻ୀ㠣Ӻࠪ ᯬ、㠹ࠋ´ࠉࢹབྷⲭࠓᡀ㱾н↫ࠔ㸸³ᡀ㱾㸪аᒤԕֶ㸪֐ᓅ䓛ᆀ䁡ᱟ⡋ⴑҶ੗ࠋ❦㘼֐ᓅᗳᱟ нᴳ⡋Ⲵࠋ´⥦䀰ԕᖼࠋࠓᡠ഻ㆆိ七ㆆаࠔ㸸³㠚Ӻԕֶ㸪⦷ф↓䀰ѻ㘼ᐢ⸓ࠋ´ࠓਢ䁈ိᆍ᮷ ᵜ㌰ࠔ㸸³↔㍠≁ѻᝊ❑⸕ᣥ↫㸪ᵅ⭊нਆࠋ㠚Ӻԕֶ㸪ᴹ⣟↔㘵य㚭⋫ࠋ´᤯ֶࠋ ࠓ‫ޜ‬㖺ۣိᱝ‫ޜ‬йॱаᒤࠔ㸸³ᴹ⧽ᙚѻ伏㸪ⴡᗵ‫ݸ‬ਆ䏣✹ࠋࠉ༿⡦ᴠ㸸µԕֶ㸟Ӫᵚ䏣㘼ⴡᴹ 佈ࠋ¶´օՁ⌘㸸³⥦ᴠԕᖬ⢙ֶ㖞ᡁࡽࠋӪ㸪༿⡦㠚䄲ҏࠋ´⥦䀰клࠊᐖਣࠊ㺘⽪ᾲᮨࠋᴹ 佈ࠋࠓཚᒣᔓ䁈ࠔধгഋᕅࠓԉۣ᤮䚪ိᕥᇊࠔ㸸³ণᨀа≤⬦㸪ਟਇҼᯇԕֶ㸪オѝ❑⢙㸪㖞 ᯬᓝѝࠋ´ࠓཚᒣᔓ䁈ࠔধҼżӄᕅୀࢹᙲࠓᏪ㺘䤴ᔲိ䢵啃ࠔ㸸³啃䶒ൃҼቪ䁡««ަ䓛䙽ᴹ㸢 冊㣡㥹ѻ⣰㸪䙊億൷फ㸪৊Ҽ࠶ԕֶࠋ⡀䩴ѻ࿉㸪ሖ⛪ཷᐗࠋ´⭘ᯬൠ਽ѻᖼ㸪㺘⽪ս㖞ᐢ䙾 䙉аൠ唎ࠋࠉᆻ⦻ᗇ㠓ࠓ咸ਢိ഻᭯ࠔ㸸³䚺๡⣜ᠾ䙺倾㸪ᐢ㠣␡⽱ԕֶࠋ´ࠉᆻ䲣ᑛ䚃ࠓᖼኡ䃷 ਒ࠔধа㸸³‫ⴌ ׯ‬䋺ൈ㚊㸪ⴤ㠣བྷ਽ᓌԕֶ㸪Ӫᡦ傊〫ࠋ´ࠉ ᆻዣ伋ࠓཿ᧚㖞ᴩᡀһᇌ⣰ࠔ㸸³ί㠓ΰӺᐢ䙢Ⲭᖰ䜤ᐎṲ䲭ⴓԕֶ倀⋺ࠋ´ᤷᐢ㏃Ⲭ⭏Ⲵᛵ ⋱ࠋࠉ䠁㪓䀓‫ࠓݳ‬㾯ᓲ䁈䄨ᇞ䃯ࠔধ‫ޝ‬㸸³䛓ぽцⲴ㘱ၶၶ㸪ަᱲ᳇⥌⹤㸪 儈唎⵰䢰䠝าк඀ࠋ୿ֽ႒ԕֶ㸪‫ޒޒ‬ᡠᡠ㸪аൠ㻿㈔哬ࠋ´

$QGKHUHLVDWKLUGRQHIURPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި



ԕᶕ \LODL >VLQFH@㺘⽪Ӿ䗷৫Ḁᰦо⧠൘ѻ䰤Ⲵ䘉⇥ᰦ䰤 ਇભԕᶕࠋʊʊ䈨㪋Ӟࠓࠪᐸ㺘ࠔ 㠚ୀᱮᒶԕᶕࠋʊʊ␵āည啀ࠓⲫ⌠ኡ䇠ࠔ

1RZLQWKHOLJKWRIWKHVDPSOHVHQWHQFHEHORZFRQVLGHUWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV :KDWLQIRUPDWLRQGRHVHDFKRIWKHPRQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQVSURYLGHDQGKRZUHOHYDQW LVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQSURYLGHGIRUEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHUROHRI ԕᶕ LQWKHVDPSOHVHQ WHQFHEHORZ" +RZZRXOG\RXWUDQVODWHWKHSKUDVH᭷ྐ௨᮶LQWKHVDPSOHVHQWHQFHEHORZ"

Sample Sentence: ᭷ྐ௨᮶㸪ᆅ⌫ୖᙫඹฟ⏕஢㓖஬ⓒӯேࠋ



2. Verbs Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQVFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV ከҿ ከҿ 1.thanks to; it is fortunate that )URPWKH ഻䃎䗝ި ཊ㲗 ʃʢʕࠉʈʢʙ ᒨ㲗ࠋ‫ݳ‬Ú❑਽∿Úሿሹ䚢Úㅜаᣈ㸸ࠗ䃠ᜣᡁ↓ᱟ䜲഻‫Ⲵޜ‬ᆙ‫ނ‬㸪ཊ㲗Ҷ伺⡪䃚⸕ࠋ࠘㌵ ⁃དྷÚㅜ‫ॱޝ‬ҍഎ㸸ࠗကက㸪ᡁᗎࡠҶ䙉㼑㸪ཊ㲗ကက➗៹ࠋ࠘ $QGIURPWKH≹䈝བྷ䇽ި⿫㓯⡸  ཊ㲗 ཊ㲗ཊҿ 㺘⽪⭡ᯬࡕӪⲴᒛࣙᡆḀぞᴹ࡙ഐ㍐㸪䚯‫ݽ‬Ҷнᒨᡆᗇࡠྭ㲅ࠋࠉ‫ݳ‬ὺ ểࠓ䊛䇃੎⛝ࠔㅜҼ᪪㸸³Ӻᰕᢈཙൠᒷց㸪ཊ㲗七兿Ҽੋ঄䄰㸪ሷᲪ∿а啃㘼⓵㸪ᯩ 䎱ᡁᒣ⭏ѻ予ҏࠋ´ࠓ݂᷇ཆਢࠔㅜ‫ޝ‬എ㸸³⒟⡦⇽⵰ሖअᙂ㸪ཊ㲗ԔᕏⴻⲴ⹤㸪᚟лֶ Ҷࠋ´ࠉ㤵⴮ࠓ᷇ᇦ䤚ᆀࠔӄ㸸³᷇‫⭏ݸ‬㠚ᐡ઒㸪ཊ㲗୶ᴳ䮧а࣋ᯑ᯻㸪䚴❑丸ᖰ䜹л 䓢ࠋ´ Sample Sentence: ከҿ఼ᥦ㓰ᡃ㸪ᡃᕪ୍ⅬඒҠ஢㑣ኳⓗ⭥ᙳ⚊ࠋ 㠁 㠁 1.to lean against 2.to keep near to 3.to depend on 4.to trust 5.near; by

+HUHDUHDOVRVRPHPRQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQV ⾆ᓝһ㤁 㠁 ⱝ฿ษ㸪┦䘍ஓࠋ



഻䃎䗝ި 䶐 ʈʚ‫ޘ‬ ⴨䚅㛼ࠋ䃚᮷䀓ᆇ㸸ࠗ䶐㸪⴨䷻ҏࠋ࠘⇥⦹㻱Ú⌘㸸ࠗӺ؇䄲⴨‫׍‬ᴠ䶐㸪ਔӪ䄲⴨㛼ᴠ䶐ࠋ࠘ ‫ྲࠋڽي‬㸸ࠗ䶐⡶࠘ࠊࠗ‫ي‬䶐࠘ࠊࠗ䶐㪇བྷ⁩࠘ࠋ ᥘ䘁ࠊ䋬䘁ࠋྲ㸸ࠗ䶐የ࠘ࠊࠗ䶐㪇ㄉ࠘ࠋୀÚᴩᶮÚᇯⓚ‫ܗ‬䲒䂙㸸ࠗ❾㥦⮉䶌㘵㸪䶐ᴸ඀㫬 ኡࠋ࠘ Ԡ䌤ࠊ‫׍‬េࠋྲ㸸ࠗ䶐ሖ࣋࠘ࠊࠗ䶐ཙਲ਼伟࠘ࠊࠗ䶐Ӫᒛᘉ࠘ࠋ ؑ䌤ࠊؑԫࠋྲ㸸ࠗਟ䶐࠘ࠊࠗ䶐нտ࠘ࠋ㘱⇈䙺䁈Úㅜॱ‫ޝ‬എ㸸ࠗ䙉ᱟ਼㼅Ⲵ⾘ᆀ㸪ᱟᮍ㑓 ㅜа‫ػ‬བྷ䥒㦺㸪㩜䶐ᗇտࠋ࠘ 䓺ࠊ㡩Ⲵ‫ڌ‬倀ࠊ‫ྲࠋ⋺ڌ‬㸸ࠗ‫ڌ‬䶐࠘ࠊࠗ䶐ㄉ࠘ࠊࠗ䶐የ࠘ࠋਔԓᡢࢷѝ↖ሷᡰクⲴ䧗⭢ࠋྲ 㸸ࠗ䶐ᆀ࠘ࠊࠗྣ䶐࠘ࠊࠗ䔏䶐࠘ࠋ݂᷇ཆਢÚㅜഋॱҼഎ㸸ࠗ䛓ሿᡢᆀа‫ػػ‬ᡤҶ䊲㼈㸪㉚Ҷ 䳹㗭㸪クᾥᯠ凞Ⲵ䶐ᆀ㸪䐁к๤ֶ㸪ѢҶа‫ػ‬ӄ㣡‫ޛ‬䮰ࠋ࠘

≹䈝བྷ䇽ި⿫㓯⡸  䶐 NjRʈʚ‫ࠓࠝޘ‬ᔓ丫ࠔ㤖ࡠ࠷㸪৫㲏㸪ⓚࠋࠞ⴨䚅㸹㛼ੁࠋࠓ䃚᮷ိ䶎䜘ࠔ㸸³䶐㸪⴨䷻ҏࠋ´ࠉ ⇥⦹㻱⌘㸸³⴨䷻㘵㸪⴨㛼ҏࠋਔӪᗎ䶎㸪Ӻ؇䄲⴨‫׍‬ᴠ䶐㸪ਔӪ䄲⴨㛼ᴠ䶐㸪ަ㗙аҏࠋ´ࠉ ୀᴩᶮࠓᇯⓚ‫ܗ‬䲒ࠔ䂙㸸³❾㥦⮉䶌㘵㸪䶐ᴸ඀㫬ኡࠋ´‫ي‬䶐ࠋӪᡆ⢙េ㯹ࡕⲴӪᡆ⢙᭟ᤱ ⵰ࠋࠉᆻ᷇䘻ࠓ઼䲣⒌䌸ᐼ⽮ᑛࠔ㸸³ⱖ䶐䯼ᒢᩝụ㾏㸪㏐㦧䲾䶒䴘㣡␡ࠋ´ࠓ㾯⑨䁈ࠔㅜг‫ޝ‬ എ㸸³ਚⴻ㾻Ҽ䮰л䶐⵰ⲴᱟԆⲴ䠈䠰´ࠋࠉ冟䗵ࠓ੦஺ိ᭵䜹ࠔ㸸³ί䮿൏ΰሷ䮧➉㇑䶐൘Ṽ ᯱࠋ´‫׍‬䌤㸹េ㯹ࠋࠉᆻᵡ⟩ࠓㆄ੣՟䎧ࠔ㸸³нਟਚ䶐а䀰ॺਕ㸪⎧к௞ᯩ㸪‫ׯ‬ԕ⛪䏣ࠋ´ ࠓ≤┨ۣࠔㅜйӄഎ㸸³ᰕᑨਚ䶐᭮䌝⛪⭏ࠋ´ࠉᐤ䠁ࠓ⿻ࠔҼ㸸³᰾䔂㸪⨮൘ᆼ‫ޘ‬䶐֐ࠋ´ؑ 䌤㸪ؑᗇ䙾ࠋࠓᵡᆀ䃎于ࠔধҍ㸸³ᆨ㘵௛㏺Ƒᱟ㾱⨶ᴳ䙉аㆷᗳ㸪䛓㍉к䃚ᓅ㸪‫❦ޘ‬䶐нᗇࠋ´ ᤷ൘ᱲ䯃ᡆオ䯃к᧕䘁ࠋࠓ≤┨ۣࠔㅜааഋഎ㸸³а䐟࠶᫕≤䓽九么↓‫ٿ‬ሷ㸪ᗎेᯠ⁻ਆਔ ຈ㸪ᡚ㾯䐟㸪ᢃ䶐⒆෾䮰ࠋ´ࠓᇈ๤⨮ᖒ䁈ࠔㅜҼҼഎ㸸³Ԇ䃚Ԇ䂽ᗇ㘱⡪ᴹ䶐ॱᒤ‫ݹ‬Ჟࠋ´ᤷ 㡩ࠊ䓺ㅹ‫ڌ‬䶐ࠋࠉᐤ䠁ࠓ⿻ࠔഋ㸸³ᡁ‫ف‬ᢺ㡩䶐൘≤䯓䛓䶒㖧ࠋ´ۣ㎡ᡢࢷѝ↖ሷᡰクⲴ䧗 ⭢ࠋྲ㸸ྣ䶐ࠊ䔏䶐ࠋ৳㾻³䶐ᆀ´ࠋ Sample Sentence:

௚㠁⮬ᕫⓗດຊ㸪ᡂ❧஢බྖࠋ



3. Adjectives㸸䳮ච Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQVFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV

䳮‫ݽ‬ 1.hard to avoid; unavoidable +HUHDUHDOVRVRPHPRQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQV ഻䃎䗝ި 䴓‫ݽ‬ ʅʜ‫ࠉޗ‬ʁ㹺ʜß нᇩ᱃䚯‫ྲࠋݽ‬㸸ࠗ䮻ᘛ䓺㸪䴓‫ࠪݽ‬䓺⾽ࠋ࠘᮷᰾ሿਢÚㅜйॱഎ㸸ࠗⲷкտ൘ᇞ㼑䚴 ྭ㸪ᇈᓌн䆈ヵ㸪ࠪ䮰䎠䎠㸪 ᙅ䴓‫ݽ‬᜿ཆѻ㲎ࠋ࠘ >լ@н ≹䈝བྷ䇽ި⿫㓯⡸ 

䴓‫ݽ‬ 䴓‫ݽ‬䳮‫ ݽ‬н᱃䚯‫ࠉࠋݽ‬ୀ‫ݳ‬どࠓ㸢䊨䂙ိ㷶ᆀаࠔ㸸³᳇∂៹䴓‫ݽ‬㸪㗨ᖒᰕ╨ᷟࠋ´ ࠓ䆖ц䙊䀰ိ䠽⿰᡽аᵍӔ⌠ࠔ㸸³䴆нᆨԽབྷཛ੣䮰Ҏ伏㸪ҏ䴓‫ݽ‬ੲ㫉↓‫ܗ‬䲒ᣅ啻ࠋ´ࠉ ∋◔ᶡࠓ䄆Ӫ≁≁ѫሸ᭯ࠔ㸸³ԫօ᭯唘㸪ԫօ‫ػ‬Ӫ㸪䥟䃔㑭ᱟ䴓‫Ⲵݽ‬㸪ᡁ‫ف‬㾱≲⣟ᗇ ቁа唎ࠋ´ ≹䈝䗎⎧ 䳮‫ݽ‬ QiQQjQQXyPLӽQ 㺘⽪ഐḀ⿽ᛵߥ㘼ਁ⭏нᐼᵋࠪ⧠Ⲵ㔃᷌㸸䈝䀰н䙊㸪䳮‫ݽ‬ӗ⭏䈟Պ㹺䇘䇪䰞仈㸪ⴻ⌅ 䳮‫ݽ‬на㠤ࠋ Sample Sentence: ⎰⨑୙⚹஭ྎ◚㸪ᑗߋ䳮ච䱥୰ஸࠋ



4. Adverbs Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQVFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV )RUHDFKRIWKHVHFWLRQVEHORZZHZLOOSURYLGHRQH&KLQHVH(QJOLVKDQGRQHPRQROLQ JXDO&KLQHVHGHILQLWLRQ  ౽ 1.handy 2.ordinary 3.a function word similar to "thereupon" )URPWKH഻䃎䗝ި ‫ׯ‬ ɿ㹺ʜ‫ޘ‬ ᯩ‫Ⲵׯ‬ᱲ‫ྲࠋى‬㸸ࠗ‫ׯ‬ѝ䃻ֶ‫ػ‬䴫䂡ࠋ࠘Υࠗᗇ‫ׯ‬ቡᒛ֐䘱䙾৫ࠋ࠘ ₏ᴳࠋ᮷䚨Ú䋸䃬Ú䙾〖䄆㸸ࠗഐ࡙҈‫ׯ‬㸪ᇠࢢཙл㸪࠶㻲⋣ኡࠋ࠘ୀÚᵾ㨟Úᕄਔᡠ ๤᮷㸸ࠗ੮ᜣཛे付ᥟ╒㸪㜑‫ޥ‬ժ‫ׯ‬㸹ѫሷ傅ᮥ㸪ᵏ䮰ਇᡠࠋ࠘ ቾΥቯㅹⲴᧂ⋴⢙ࠋྲ㸸ࠗབྷ‫࠘ׯ‬Υࠗሿ‫࠘ׯ‬Υࠗ㌎‫ࠋ࠘ׯ‬⢮QণΥቡࠋй഻ ᘇÚধഋॱгÚ੣ᴨÚ੣ѫ℺ۣ㸸ࠗ৸ਨ俜ᠯࡽֶ‫ޕ‬㡂㸪ᰜᰕ‫ׯ‬䘰ࠋ࠘㌵⁃དྷÚㅜഋ എ㸸ࠗ⇿ᰕᡆ伟ᖼ㸪ᡆᲊ䯃㸪㯋ဘჭ‫ׯ‬䙾ֶ㸪ᡆ㠷䋸⇽䯂䃷㸪ᡆ઼⦻ཛӪ⴨ᮈࠋ࠘ 䉸Υ䴓䚃ࠋ㺘৽୿Ⲵ䃎≓ࠋᆻÚ᮷਼Úਟㅁਓ㲏гㄐѻа㸸ࠗ㤕❑ᴨ㉽ެെ⮛㸪‫ׯ‬ нᮉӪⲭ儞⭏㸽࠘㪓㾯ᓲÚধ‫ޛ‬㸸ࠗခ㠵‫ڊ‬㿚㸪 ‫ׯ‬нᮇ༎付؇㸽࠘⵻D❦Υণ֯ࠋᆻÚḣ≨Ú䴘䵆䡤Úሂ㸜␂࠷䂎㸸ࠗ‫ׯ‬㑡ᴹΥॳぞ付 ᛵ㸪ᴤ㠷օӪ䃚ࠋ࠘ʀ㹺ʜ‫̊̅̌ޗ‬ ‫ׯ‬ ʀ㹺ʜ‫ࠉޗ‬ ဃࠋྲ╒ԓᴹ‫ׯ‬′ᡀࠋɿ㹺ʜ‫̊̅˾ޘ‬ ‫ׯ‬ ɿ㹺ʜ‫ࠉޘ‬ 丶ࠊ丶࡙ࠊᯩ‫ྲࠋׯ‬㸸ࠗ‫࡙࠘ׯ‬Υࠗн‫ׯ‬ѻ㲅࠘ࠋਢ䁈ÚধаżҍÚᵾሷ䓽ۣ㸸ࠗቡ ழ≤㥹ኟ㸪㠽→㸪ӪӪ㠚‫࠘ࠋׯ‬ᆻÚ䲨䙺ÚࡍⲬཧ䲥䂙㸸ࠗӺᵍௌ㲅ੋ⸕੖㸽йи哳 ᰇ㡎‫ׯ‬付ࠋ࠘ ㉑௞Ⲵࠊ䶎↓ᔿⲴࠋྲ㸸ࠗ‫ׯ‬ᴽ࠘ࠊࠗ‫ׯࠗࠊ࠘䶻ׯ‬ọ㍉࠘ࠊࠗᇦᑨ‫ׯ‬伟࠘ࠋ

౽



䵸᭿ࠊ䕅ᐗࠊ᭿ᦧࠋ㦺ᆀÚ៹ᑍ⦻㸸ࠗ⥯⤉ѻ‫࠘ࠋׯ‬ୀÚ七᜸Ú䘱ᵾᝯ↨ⴔ䉧ᒿ㸸 ࠗᴢⴹ 䊀习㸪␵㚢㘼‫ׯ‬億㸪⿰ཆ㘼ᜐѝࠋ࠘ 䚙ᇌࠊਸᇌࠋྲ㸸ࠗ‫ׯ‬ᯬᭌᑦ࠘ࠋইਢÚধйॱӄÚ亗㿜ѻۣ㸸ࠗ⦷ⲶণᰕнᇌᯬӪ㸪 ᯩֶᵚ‫ׯ‬ᯬ‫ޜ‬㸪਽㠷ሖ৽㸪ᴹ҆᭯億ࠋ࠘ ᴹ࡙ᯬࠋ七䶎ᆀÚᆔ។㸸ࠗ㲗⌅ԕ࡙⿱㸪㙇഻ԕ‫ׯ‬ᇦࠋ࠘ਢ䁈ÚধгॱгÚؑ䲥ੋ ࡇۣ㸸ࠗሷ൘ཆ㸪ѫԔᴹᡰнਇ㸪ԕ‫ׯ‬഻ᇦࠋ࠘ ⟏㘂ࠋй഻ᘇÚধгÚ兿ᴨÚੲᐳۣ㸸ࠗᐳ‫ׯ‬ᕃ俜㸪㞲࣋䙾Ӫ㸪㲏⛪伋ሷࠋ࠘䲻ᴨÚধӄ ॱÚ䜝῞ۣ㸸ࠗᆍ‫ݸ‬ᯬк⍱㑡ཙㅿԕ᫺⎞⁻㸪䆧Ԕ῞ⶓ‫≤ׯ‬㘵ᕅਆަㅿࠋ࠘ ᧂ⋴ቾࠊቯࠋྲ㸸ࠗ‫ׯ‬ቯ࠘ࠋ╒ᴨÚধӄॱҍÚᕥ⒟ۣ㸸ࠗ㸦ᆹц㸧⛪‫⾯ݹ‬ण㸪䛾ᴹ䞹 ሿ‫⇯ׯ‬кࠋ࠘ Sample Sentences: ᭸཭Ԝ┳฿௚෗ⓗ´ᖖ᝿୍஧µᅄ୭Ꮠ౽䰞௚᫝ொ஄ពᛮࠋ ௚㓸னਁ⧠㸪ཎ᮶ୡ⏺ୖ᭱ᐆ䍥ⓗьす౽᫝⮬ᕫⓗᐙࠋ ᰿ᮏ

ṩᵜ 1.foundation; the root; fundamentality 2.fundamental; basic; radical; ultimate; cardinal )URPWKH䈝བྷ䇽ި⿫㓯⡸ 

ṩᵜ Ἵ⢙Ⲵṩᒩࠋࠉᆻẵ๟㠓ࠓ䘱ᆛᴬয䎤㠹ࠔ䂙㸸³Ⅲ䆺᰾ᒤ㣡㸪ᴮнṩᵜ〫ࠋ´ࠉ᰾㩹 ᆀཷࠓ㥹ᵘᆀိ䴌‫ࠔ׾‬㸸³᷍㩹ѻᷟ㸪ᗵ൘ṩᵜࠋ´ࠉ冟䗵ࠓ䟾㥹ိ乼䗝ࠔ㸸³ṩᵜн␡㸪㣡 㩹н㖾ࠋ´һ⢙ⲴṩⓀ㸪ส⼾㸪ᴰѫ㾱Ⲵ䜘࠶ࠋࠓ七䶎ᆀိ䀓㘱ࠔ㸸³кнኜཙ㸪㘼л н㪇ൠ㸪ԕ㞨㛳⛪ṩᵜ㸪н伏ࡷн㜭⍫ࠋ´ࠉᆻ㰷䔮ࠓҎ⮉亗⣰ࠔ㸸³㎖һѝ亗㠘㸪䋷ᙗ ᯩ↓㸪ᆨᴹṩᵜࠋ´ࠓ䟂цᚂ䀰ိᗀ㘱‫܅‬㗙។ᡀᇦࠔ㸸³нྲഎ৫୶䆠㖞䋧Ӌ⭠⭒㸪‫ڊ‬Ҷ ṩᵜ㸪ሷ佈лⲴ޽ֶࠪ䙻㇇ࠋ´ࠉ冟䗵ࠓᴨؑ䳶ိ㠤㜑䚙ࠔ㸸³ަṩᵜ㾻ࠓཚᒣᔓ䁈ࠔধ ഋ‫ޝ‬гࠓᵾ⒟ࠔọࠋ´ֶ⭡ࠋࠓ㾯⑨䁈ࠔㅜйҍഎ㸸³ԆⲴаㇰ‫ނ‬䎧㩭ṩᵜ㸪ᡁⴑ⸕ ѻࠋ´‫ࠉࠋ❦ޘ‬ 㢮 ᐤ䠁ࠓሂཌࠔй㸸³㘼фԆṩᵜቡ⋂ᴹᜣࡠ䙉ᱲ‫ى‬Ԇ៹䂢л⁃৫ਲ਼伟ࠋ´ᗎֶ㸹ᵜֶࠋࠉ 㮚ࠓӪ⭏ଢᆨⲴа䃢ࠔ㸸³ഽ㒎ᡁ‫⽮Ⲵف‬ᴳ㸪ṩᵜቡᇩнла‫ػ‬㲅㲅䵢ࠪᵜֶ䶒ⴞⲴྭ Ӫࠋ´ࠉὺ⋛ࠓ䶂᱕ѻⅼࠔㅜа䜘ㅜӄㄐ㸸³նᱟ㸪䃚⵰䃚⵰㸪ᘭ❦䯃Ԇㄏᘈᛵൠሽ᷇䚃 䶌ࠍ㿆䎧ֶ㸪ྭ‫ۿ‬Ԇṩᵜнᱟ൘䃷䂡ࠋ´ᗩᓅࠋྲ㸸୿乼ᐢ㏃ṩᵜ䀓⊪ࠋн㢟付≓ᐢ ㏃ṩᵜ᭩䆺ࠋ Sample Sentence: せᑖⓗьすኴከ஢㸪䘉୭⾜ᮤ᰿ᮏ⿦୙ୗࠋ ᯝ↛ ᯝ↛ 1.just as expected )URP഻䃎䗝ި



᷌❦ ʇʢʕßࠉʐʜ‫ޗ‬ һᛵ㠷ᡰ乀ᯉⲴа⁓ࠋ᮷᰾ሿਢÚㅜйॱҍഎ㸸ࠗᡁ⥌㪇ᱟ֐㾱എֶ㸪᷌❦എֶҶ㸪䅍 ཙ䅍ൠࠋ࠘Ӗ֌ࠗؑ❦࠘ࠊࠗ䃐❦࠘ࠋ ਲ਼伭Ⲵ⁓ᆀࠋୀÚⲭት᱃Ú༿ᰕ֌䂙㸸ࠗ伟䁆ⴕ╡ᐢ㸪ᦛ㞩ᯩ᷌❦ࠋ࠘ >լ@᷌ⵏࠊⵏⲴ >৽@ㄏ❦ࠊት❦ࠊ᜿ཆ Sample Sentence: ༡᪉ⓗẻೃᯝ↛ẚ䖳 ⏖㸪ᡃԜすᏳᚇᑡୗ䘉஄኱ⓗ㞵ࠋ ᛛ↛ ᛛ↛ 1.suddenly; all of a moment )URPWKH㧗㓗≹䈝኱䇽඾ ᘭ❦ KXUDQ >VXGGHQO\@ ケ❦ൠࣘ֌ࠊ㹼ѪⲴਁ⭏ᡆᛵߥⲴਈॆᶕᗇ䗵䙏৸ࠪѾ᜿ᯉൠ ᘭ❦ᣊቪалࠋʊʊࠓ㲎ࡍᯠᘇā⿻༠䈇㠚ᒿࠔ ཙ≄ᘭ❦ߧҶ䎧ᶕ Sample Sentence: ㉮฿䰘ཱྀ㸪௚ᛛ↛᝿㉳ྸྸ୙ඔ䇨௚ᅾᐙ㔛඿ᑠࣘ≀ࠋ ㆰ┤

ㆰⴤ 1.simply; virtually; outright; almost; fairly 2.at all 3.honest; unaffected )URPWKH≹䈝བྷ䇽ި⿫㓯⡸ 

㉑ⴤ ㉑ⴤㆰⴤ ㉑⁨䌚ⴤ㸹ⴤᡚҶ⮦ࠋࠉୀࢹ⸕ᒮࠓਢ䙊ိ䄆䌺ࠔ㸸³⦻ࣝᘇ൘㉑ ⴤ㸪䀰ެ䝉䟾㸪㤏ᗇަ⨶㸪䙲ᘈަ᮷ࠋ´ࠉୀⲷ⭛᷊ࠓй≤ሿ⢈ိ䝝བྷ⦻㚈೤䜌 ྣ⛪ᆀ႖ࠔ㸸³䁡ᐎ䮧㪋Ԕ೤䜌㸪㺓ߐ᯿ҏ㸪・ᙗ㉑ⴤ㸪䴆㖸ᶏᯬᇈ㖢㸪ᑨ㫴䘰 㯿ѻᗳࠋ´ࠉᆻਨ俜‫ࠓݹ‬䘠㸺഻䃎㸼ࠔ㸸³᭵ަ䗝䃎㑱䟽㸪ᒿһ䙾䂣㸪н㤕ࠓ᱕ ⿻ۣࠔѻ㉑ⴤ㋮᰾㸪⑮৊䚂ጫҏࠋ´ࠉ␵ᜢᮜࠓ㸺ᾎխ㏃㸼ᴨᖼࠔ㸸³卫ᗽབྷᑛ ᱃ԕࠓ䠁ࢋ㏃ࠔ㸪㉑ⴤᒣ᱃㸪ӪⲶ′ᗎࠋ´ࠉⷯ⿻ⲭࠓ㸺佃䜹㌰〻㸼䏻ࠔ㸸³ѝ ഻᮷䙻Ⲵ䏘ੁ㸪ᴤ㉑ⴤ㸪ᴤ࣐䙏ࠋ´



࢟䂎ࠋᕧ䃯ᆼ‫↔ྲޘ‬ᡆᐞнཊྲ↔ࠋࠉ冟䗵ࠓ䟾㥹ိ↫ᖼࠔ㸸³ᡁᜣⶌ䮻⵬ⶋֶ㸪Ԇফ ㎢∛ҏнअ㸪㉑ⴤн‫ۿ‬ᱟᡁⲴ⵬ⶋࠋ´ࠉ㚎аཊࠓ㎖㠗‫ݻ‬ᇦ‫ࠔ⭏ݸ‬㸸³ྲ᷌޽н㎖֐എ ؑ㸪䛓㉑ⴤᱟ䩥⸣ᗳ㞨Ҷࠋ´ࠉᵡ㠚␵ࠓ䄆㘱ሖ䂡ࠔ㸸³ⴤ䀰ࡪ㙣㸪䙢㘼ࡪᗳ㸪㉑ⴤㅹᯬ ⴨㖥㸪㠚❦ᴳਛӪ⭏≓㸪⭊㠣ᯬ㘫㟹ࠋ´࢟䂎ࠋ⥦㍒ᙗ㸪Ү㜶ࠋࠓ哳㒑⨳ࠔㅜॱӄ എ㸸³㉑ⴤ䚴ਛԆ‫ف‬ᑦҶа䶒䨌䪬㸪а࢟啃ᶯ㸪‫ڊ‬䏣Ҷ⁓ᆀࠋ´ Sample Sentence: ௚≹䈝䈤ᚓㆰ┤䈤ീ୰ᅜே୍ṧࠋ 䘎ᛁ 䘎ᛁ 1.promptly; at once; immediately )URPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި 䘎ᘉ OLDQPDQJ >SURPSWO\DWRQFH@・ণ傜к 䘎ᘉ䚃ⅹ Sample Sentence: ௚ᛛ↛ਁ⧠⮬ᕫἐΎᴆ㸪ன᫝䘎ᛁ⩻䈁ࠋ 䳮᛹ 䳮᛹ 1.no wonder 2.not to blame; to be understandable )URPWKH ≹䈝བྷ䇽ި⿫㓯⡸ 

䴓ᙚ 䴓ᙚ䳮ᙚ ⥦䀰н៹䋜ᙚࠋࠓഋ⑨䁈ိ⾆ᑛлࠑ᭦Ҽᙚࠔ㸸³䌒ᕏयᙕ㸪ф䴓ᙚԆ㸪Ԇ ѳ䮹䮰䯘ྣ㸪㻛‫فت‬аᱲ䯃᥹ֶ㸪஬ଝᵚҮ㸪ᆹ㛟ቡ㠷‫فت‬ᡀ㿚㸽´ࠓ‫ྣނ‬㤡䳴ۣࠔㅜ ॱҼഎ㸸³ফҏ䴓ᙚ֐㸪⡦ᆀཙᙗ㸪 ֐䉸ᴹ═❦нअⲴ⨶௾㸽´䁡ൠኡࠓ㏤㏢ऎ㴋ࠔ㸸³ࠑᱟӪ䜭ᴹᡀ㾻㸪਼аԦһ㸪ᗵᴳ⭏ ࠪ↗ᔲⲴ䂅ࡔ㸪䙉ҏᱟ䴓ᙚᓅࠋ´ᙚнᗇࠋ㺘⽪ሽᛵ⋱ᐢ㏃⨶䀓㸪нᝏࡠཷᙚࠋࠓ㌵ ⁃དྷࠔㅜйҼഎ㸸³䙓֐Ⲵ᜿ᙍ㤕億䋬н⵰㸪ቡ䴓ᙚ֐ཙཙ⛪ᡁ⭏≓Ҷࠋ´ࠉⷯ⿻ⲭࠓҲ ᕸိᯠ㤡䳴ࠔ㸸³৏ֶᱟ䙉哬а྇ᢺᡢ㸪ُ‫ྭػ‬਽ⴞֶᦗаᦗ䛓սབྷӪ㸪䴓ᙚнྭⴤ䃚㸪 㘼㾱㒎⵰ᕾᆀବବୗୗⲴᘥࠪ䙉‫ޙ‬ㇷਔ᮷ֶࠋ´ Sample Sentence: ఼ⓗᢳቹ┿஘㸪䳮᛹ᙫ᫝ᢍ୙฿ьすࠋ



ጞ㓸 ጞ㓸 1.from beginning to end; from first to last; all the time; all along; throughout )URPWKH഻䃎䗝ި ࿻㍲ ʏßࠉʍʢʟ 䮻࿻઼㎀ተࠋ㦺ᆀÚ⭠ᆀᯩ㸸ࠗ࿻㍲⴨৽Ѿ❑ㄟ㸪㘼㧛⸕Ѿަᡰマࠋ࠘᮷䚨Ú䲨₏Úᕄ兿↖ᑍ᮷㸸 ࠗཛ࿻㍲㘵㸪㩜⢙ѻབྷ↨㸹↫⭏㘵㸪ᙗભѻ॰ฏࠋ࠘Ӗ֌ࠗ㍲࿻࠘ࠋ 㠚࿻㠣㍲ࠋਢ䁈Úধ‫ޝ‬Ú〖࿻ⲷᵜ㌰㸸ࠗ᭵‫⦻ݸ‬㾻࿻㍲ѻ䆺㸪⸕ᆈӑѻ₏ࠋ࠘ᖼ╒ᴨÚধॱÚⲷਾ ㌰кÚ᰾ᗧ俜ⲷਾ㌰㸸ࠗሥᮜᰕ䲶㸪࿻㍲❑㺠ࠋ࠘ һᛵⲴᵜᵛ઼৏ငࠋ䲻ᴨÚধॱ‫ޛ‬Úᖻᳶᘇл㸸ࠗ߁⦴ᡰ䚅㸪❟⌅Ⲷਸ㸹߁⦴ᡰ䰅㸪 Ӻࡷⴑᴹࠋ䳡ᤜ࿻㍲㸪䄲⛪㑭‫࠘ࠋۉ‬ ㍲ウࠊ䚴ᱟࠋྲ㸸ࠗᡁ‫ف‬ㅹҶԆॺཙ㸪Ԇ࿻㍲⋂ֶࠋ࠘ >լ@≨䚐 >৽@>ᵜᵛ

Sample Sentence: ௚Ԝጞ㓸ᮅ╔୍୭᪉㠃୙᩿ᆅດຊࠋ ໚ ໚ 1.do not; must not )URPWKH≹䈝኱䇽඾⚹㓯∧ 

໚ ,ࠉZࠉʢ‫ࠓࠝޘ‬ᔓ丫ࠔ᮷ᕇ࠷㸪‫ޕ‬⢙㸪ᗞࠋࠞࠉ❑㸪⋂ᴹࠋ㠷³ᴹ´⴨ሽࠋ ࠓ䂙ိ䊣付ိᶡኡࠔ㸸³ࡦᖬ㼣㺓㸪य༛㹼᷊ࠋ´ࠉ䝝⦴ㆻ㸸³༛㸪һҏࠋय㸪⥦❑ ҏ««Ӗࡍ❑㹼䲣䣌᷊ѻһࠋ´ࠉୀሂኡࠓйᆇ䂙ࠔѻй㸸³ᡁትኡ㸪यӪ䆈㸪 ⲭ䴢ѝ㸪ᑨᇲᇲࠋ´ࠉ㾻³यय´ࠋࠉ䶎㸪нᱟࠋࠉ␵㫢ᶮ喑ࠓ㙺啻ᘇᔲိй ⭏ࠔ㸸³㿧ߕ⦻ⴎѝ㸪㥦㢢␵▸㸪ᐡⴎѝ㸪◱ྲ㟐㸪᳇⯁䘧兲⒟ᗇय↔Ѿ㸽´ࠉ ࢟䂎ࠋнࠋ㺘੖ᇊࠋࠓ䂙ိ⦻付ိੋᆀҾᖩࠔ㸸³ੋᆀᯬᖩ㸪ྲѻօयᙍࠋ´ࠉই ᵍằࢹठࠓ᮷ᗳ䴅喽ိᱲᒿࠔ㸸³ᯭ৺ᆍᜐ㸪䗴ᯬ᮷Ჟ㸪㏃㺃乇㠸㸪㘼䗝Ӫय⭘ࠋ ´ࠉㄐ⛣哏ࠓ䀴ᴨိᒿぞဃкࠔ㸸³ࠑൠ⨳ԕк㸪 Ӫぞӄࠋަ㢢哳ࠊⲭࠊ唁ࠊ䎔ࠊ⍱哳ࠋ⮛ൠᐎ㲅㸪付ᮉ䃎䀰㸪य㜭⴨䙊ࠋ´ࠉ㤵 ⴮ࠓ᭵䜹䴌䁈ࠔ㸸³Ժ᣹‫ޥ‬䲺䃯ᗇᘛ㸪⛪கयᰙ唎䃯ࡠк⎧㸪਼ॱҍ䐟䓽а␈ᢃ Ҷࠋ´ࠉ࢟䂎ࠋ⇻㸪н㾱ࠋ㺘⾱→ࠋࠓ䂙ိབྷ䳵ိ㹼㪖ࠔ㸸³ᮖᖬ㹼㪖㸪⢋㖺य䑀 ንࠋ´ࠓᆏᆀိằᜐ⦻кࠔ㸸³Ⲯ⮍ѻ⭠㸪यྚަᱲ㸪‫ޛ‬ਓѻᇦ㸪ਟԕ❑侁⸓ࠋ´ࠉ ␵㫢ᶮ喑ࠓ㙺啻ᘇᔲိ䴩⾎ࠔ㸸³ཙᑛ඲ᙍ㢟ѵ㸪ѳ亗㘼ഁᴠ㸸µަཊ䱽ኡ䉧㸪यۧ ⿮ぬਟҏࠋ¶´冟䗵ࠓᴨؑ䳶ိ㠤ᴩ䶆㨟ࠔ㸸³ሃѝа࠷䜭ྭ㸪䃻यᘥࠋ´



䃎ࣙ䂎㸪❑㗙ࠋ ࠓ䂙ိሿ䳵ိㇰইኡࠔ㸸³ᕇ୿ᕇ༛㸪य㖄ੋᆀࠋ´ ࠉ⦻ᕅѻࠓ㏃ۣ䟻 䂎ࠔধॱ㸸³य㖄㸪㖄ҏࠋ䀰ᕇ୿㘼ሏѻ㸪ࡷл≁Ⅺ㖄ަк⸓ࠋ´ ࠓᐖۣိ‫ॱޜ܆‬ӄᒤࠔ㸸³ਢ㰷ᱟঐ㸪यᗎօ⳺ࠋ´ ࠉ⦻ᕅѻࠓ㏃㗙䘠㚎ိ䙊䃚лိ䃎䂎䃔䀓 ࠉ ԕሖ㗙ࠔ㸸³यᗎ㸪ᗎҏ㸪䀰䴆ᗎօ⳺ҏࠋ䀓㘵Ӂµнᗎਢ㰷¶ࡷཡѻ⸓ࠋ´ 䊑㚢䂎ࠋ৳㾻³ययय´ࠋࠉ 䙊³㣤´ࠋ㋇ࠋ ࠓੲ∿᱕⿻ိ㋮䄝ࠔ㸸³ᴹһᯬ↔㸪㘼㋮䀰ѻ㘼н᰾㸪य䀰ѻ㘼нᡀ㸪㋮ 䀰Ѿ㸽 य䀰Ѿ㸽´ὺ⁩䚄ࠓぽᗞት䆰ᴨ䁈ိ䆰ࠑੲ∿᱕⿻ࠒᵝ䁈ိ㋮䄝ㇷࠔ㸸³Ӻ䄲㸪µ㣤¶㘵㸪㋇ ҏࠋ ࠓ㥰ᆀိ↓਽ㇷࠔӁ㸸µ᭵ᝊ㘵ѻ䀰㸪㣤❦㘼㋇ࠋ¶µय¶ࠊµ㣤¶丣਼㸪Ⲷᴹ㋇㗙㸪 㠷µ㋮¶↓⴨ሽࠋ´ࠉ 䙊³⢙´ࠋᶡ㾯ࠋ,,ࠉPzࠉʁʕ‫ࠓࠝޘ‬䳶丫ࠔ㧛ࣳ࠷㸪‫ޕ‬ᵛ㸪᰾ࠋࠞࠉ㾻³঩य´ࠋ Sample Sentence: 㠀ᕤసே䈧໚ධෆࠋ



5. Prepositions Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQVFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV ᮅ ᮅ 1.the court; the government zhao ʍʚ 1.morning 2.a day 3. in direction of )URPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި ᵍ FKDR  ᵍᔧࠋਔᰦӖ〠ᵍาᵍᆱᵍߦᵍ㤁ᵍⴱᵍᇦ>LPSHULDOFRXUW@ 䎀ᑖࢁንк⇯‫ޕ‬ᵍн䎻ࠋ䎻ᘛ↕䎠ࠋ ʊʊࠓਢ䇠ā㩗⴨ഭцᇦࠔ ᱃ѻԕⲮ䠁⥞䈨ᵍࠋʊʊ᰾āࡈสࠓ䛱⿫ᆀāॳ䟼傜ㇷࠔ  ৸ྲᵍഭᵍᔧഭᇦ ᵍިᵍᔧⲴިㄐ⽬ࡦ ᵍ֯ᵍᔧ⍮ࠪⲴ֯㘵  ᵍԓᤷ਼аဃᑍ⦻䘎㔝㔗᢯⦻սⲴᰦԓ>G\QDVW\@ ইᵍഋⲮ‫ॱޛ‬ሪཊቁᾬਠ✏䴘ѝࠋʊʊᶌ⢗ࠓ⊏ই᱕ᵲਕࠔ  ৸ྲୀᵍ␵ᵍ  Ḁањᑍ⦻Ⲵ㔏⋫ᰦᵏ>HPSHURU VUHLJQ@ й亮仁✖ཙл䇑єᵍᔰ⍾㘱㠓ᗳࠋєᵍࡈ઼༷ࡈ⾵㔏⋫ᰦᵏࠋ ʊʊᶌ⭛ࠓ㴰 ⴨ࠔ ᖃᱟᰦᵜᵍᇊ唾᭩‫ݳ‬Ҽᒤ⸓ࠋʊʊ␵ā䛥䮯㰵ࠓ䰾ިਢՐࠔ  ৸ྲйᵍ‫ݳ‬㘱аᵍཙᆀаᵍ㠓



 ᭯ᓌ>JRYHUQPHQW@ࠋྲᵍᇈᵍཹ৏Ѫᆻԓᇈ਽ਾ䙊〠ᇼ㗱ࠊ൏䊚ᡆ㇑һⲴ  ᵍ᭯ഭᇦབྷһ>WKHDIIDLUVRIVWDWH@ࠋྲнੜᵍᵍᷴᵍ᭯Ⲵᵳᷴ  ᵍ⨝ਔԓ㗔㠓ᵍ㿱ᑍ⦻ᰦ᤹ᇈ૱࠶⨝ᧂࡇⲴս⅑>FRXUWLHU FODVV@ࠋ৸〠ᵍࡇᵍ⅑ᵍᒿᵍՖᵍ䜘ᵍ㪇 Sample Sentences: 䈧䰞ཤᅜᐙ༤≀侶᫝ᮅ䘉୭᪉ྥ㉮ੇ㸽 ᑠ≸ᮅ௚᩷஢᩷ᑿᕮࠋ ㉵ ㉵ 1.to make use of; to take advantage of (an opportunity) )URPWKHഭ䱵ḷ߶≹ᆇབྷ䗎ި 䎱 FKHQࠉʎʝ‫ޘ‬ 㸧࡙⭘ᰦ䰤ࠊᵪՊ㸸㹼ᰙࠋ㹼ᵪࠋ㹼࣯ࠋ㹼⚛ᢃࣛ㸦䎱Ӫᇦਁ⭏⚛⚮ᰦ৫ᣒࣛ㸪௫൘ ࡛Ӫড䳮ᰦ҈ᵪ৫ᦎྭ༴㸧ࠋ㹼✝ᢃ䫱ࠋ 㸧ᩝ҈㸸㹼䖖ࠋ㹼㡩ࠋ 㸧䙀㸪䘭䎦㸸³㣡ᓅኡ㴲䘌㹼Ӫ´ࠋ 㸧ᖰ㸪䎤㸸㹼໏㸦䎦䳶㸧ࠋ㹼⟏㸦䘳㦂ࡠѠ᭦ѻ༴㸧ࠋ 㸧ᇼᴹ㸸㹼䫡ࠋ㹼ࠐ䓛㺓ᴽࠋ 㸧ਔ਼³〠´㸪䘲ਸࠋ ā৲㘳䇽≷㸸 WDNHWKHDGYDQWDJHRIZKLOH ā৲㘳䇽≷㸸 ҈ Sample Sentence: ᡃ᝿㉵╔ᖺ䖫ከ䭫⛬䭫⛬㸪୳ᐩ୍ୗ⮬ᕫⓗ㓿শࠋ ன ன 1.in; at; on; by; from 2.than; then; to; with reference to 3.compared with 4.a Chinese family name )URPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި



Ҿ \X  䇽㔰DŽ፼൘ࣘ䇽ᡆᖒᇩ䇽ਾ䶒нᗵ䈁ࠪ ԕ㠣ҾረDẒ̣̌ljਾ≹ҖgࡇྣՐNJ 䎺Ҿ䈨‫ן‬DẒ̣̌ljഭ䈝gᱻ䈝NJ  ৸ ԕ‫ݽ‬Ҿ䳮DŽ ਟԕ‫ݽ‬Ҿ䳮DŽ  Āᯬā ਖ㿱\X ᯬ ZX ĀѼāⲴਔᆇDŽѼ呖>FURZ@ 㱾䊩Ѫ㗔ᯬ呺о༴DẒ̣̌ljぶཙᆀՐNJ Sample Sentences: ⪃䈅ᡂ㔙ன᭶᪥බᕸࠋ 䘉ᡤ኱Ꮫ❧ன໭ிⓗす໭㒊ࠋ ⛉Ꮫᐙ䰘ਁ⧠᳜≀ሩගⓗ仌Ⰽ᭷䘹ᤙᛶ㸪୙ྠⓗ᳜≀႐⅒୙ྠ仌Ⰽⓗගࠋ䘉୍ਁ⧠ྍᓄ ⏝னߌъ⏕ӗୖࠋ ⮳ன ⮳ன 1.to go so far as to; to go to such extent as to 2.as for; as to; as regards; with regard to; regarding; concerning; respecting; so far as ... be concerned; in the case of )URPWKH 儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި

㠣Ҿ ]KL\X  >DVIRU@ 㺘⽪〻ᓖࠊ㤳ത 㠣ҾԆᱟаᇊՊᶕⲴ 䎺䮯෾ѻ䲀㠣Ҿ⌠ᆹࠋ㠣ࣘ䇽ᣥ䗮ࠋ ʊʊ␵āည啀ࠓⲫ⌠ኡ䇠ࠔ 㠣Ҿ࣍ழ㿴䗷䏣⸓ࠋʊʊ␵āࡈᔰࠓ䰞䈤ࠔ  >DVWR@ 㺘⽪ਖᨀаԦһ 㠣ҾᡁњӪⲴ᜿㿱ԕਾ޽ᨀ



 >DVIRUJRVRIDUDVWR@䘎䇽ࠋ㺘⽪ᨀࠪਖа䈍仈⭘൘л᮷ᔰཤѪ⧠ԓ≹䈝ᡰ⋯⭘ 㠣Ҿᯏ䝼ᦀ⳺ࠋʊʊ䈨㪋Ӟࠓࠪᐸ㺘ࠔ 㠣Ҿ䍏㘵ⅼҾ䙄ࠋʊʊᆻā⅗䱣‫ࠓ؞‬䞹㗱ӝ䇠ࠔ 㠣Ҿᙘ䈭ѻཊࠋʊʊᆻā⦻ᆹ⸣ࠓㆄਨ傜䈿䇞Җࠔ 㠣Ҿߌཛሿ≁ࠋʊʊᆻā㣿䖬ࠓᮉᡈᆸࠔ Sample Sentence: ሩனᓄ⪸ⓗே㸪ᡃԜ఍┳┳௚ⓗ┦යуъ⬟ຊᕪ୙ᕪ㸪⮳ன௚∅ъனီᡤ኱Ꮫ㏻ᖖ୙ᅾ ⪃㲁Ⱳതஅෆࠋ



6. Conjunctions: ௨ཬ Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV

௨ཬ 1.as well as )URPWKH≹䈝኱䇽඾⚹㓯∧  ௨ཬ 䙓䂎ࠋ㺘⽪൘ᱲ䯃ࠊㇴഽкⲴᔦըࠋ⥦䀰ԕ㠣㸪ԕ㠣ᯬࠋࠓᖼ╒ᴨိԢ䮧㎡ۣࠔ㸸³╒ ҼⲮᒤ㘼䚝⦻㧭ѻҲ㸪䀸ަ⇈ཧ⓵ӑѻᮨ㸪৸ᗙ‫ؽ‬Ѿ〖ࠊ丵⸓㸹ԕ৺Ӻᰕ㸪਽䜭オ㘼н ት㸪Ⲯ䟼㎅㘼❑≁㘵㸪нਟऍᮨࠋ´ࠉᱹᕥ㨟ࠓྣਢ㇤ࠔ㸸³㥛㥛䙐ॆ㸪Ҽܰᰒ࠶ࠋᮓ≓ ⍱ᖒ㸪ᰒ䲦ᰒ⬴ࠋ൘ᑍᓆ⣗㸪㚷㏃ཙӪࠋ⡠࿻ཛ႖㸪ԕ৺ੋ㠓ࠋ´䙓䂎ࠋ䙓᧕іࡇⲴ 䂎ࠊ䂎㍴ᡆ⸝ਕࠋࠉ␵ઘӞᐕࠓᴨᖡࠔধй㸸³ႊߐᰒ⮒㸪⳺Ԕᰶᕏ䕙ਆ‫ޝ‬㏃ᆀਢԕ৺ ぇᇈ䟾҈㸪Ⲷԕ㙣ᦸࠋ´ࠉߠᗳࠓᯟӪ⦘ោᛤࠔ㸸³ま䣈䚃㸸µࢹ䋤ֶҶ㸪੺䁤ᡁ⡦㿚઼ ⸣ᕏ⭏≓Ⲵ‫ݹ‬Ჟ㸪ԕ৺⡦㿚઼֐ਖ਼ીᡁⲴ䂡㸪ᡁଚ㻿䚴ᮒ䙇⮉㸪 䏅㏺᭦᤮Ҷഎֶࠋ¶´ྲ㸸Ṽк᭮⵰⮛ㅶࠊ≤Ⳳࠊ䃯㢢ⴔԕ৺‫ࡍ⳶ޙ‬䮻Ⲵ㧺㣡ࠋ Sample Sentence: ୰ᅜᚇ᪩௨๓ᑵᢕⲔ௨ཬ᝿යⓗⲔՐᩥ໬Ր᧛฿஢ᅜእࠋ



7. Particles Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV ఝⓗ ఝⓗ [si4 de5] seems as if / rather like / also pr. (shi4 de5) or (shi5 de5) )URPWKH≹䈝䗎⎧ լⲴ VuVKuGH ࣙ䇽㸪⭘൘਽䇽Υԓ䇽ᡆࣘ䇽ਾ䶒㸪㺘⽪䐏Ḁ⿽һ⢙ᡆᛵߥ⴨լࠋ Sample Sentence: ௚ᢕᏭീ୭ᐆ䍍ఝⓗ㍗㍗ᢜᅾᡭ㔛ࠋ ᡤ ᡤ 1.a place; a location; a position 2.a building; an office 3.that which )URPWKH⧠ԓ≹䈝䇽ި ᡰ VX€ %6ᯔ_%+ ķ༴ᡰ˖൪̚ūտ̚ū਴ᗇަ̚DŽ ĸ᰾ԓ傫‫Ⲵޥ‬ൠ⛩ˈབྷⲴਛॳᡧᡰˈሿⲴਛⲮᡧᡰDŽ⧠൘ਚ⭘Ҿൠ਽˖⎧䱣̚˄൘ኡ ь˅ūࡽ̚˄൘⎉⊏˅ūਾ̚˄൘ኡ㾯˅ū⋉ਾ̚˄൘䗭ᆱ˅DŽ Ĺ⭘‫ڊ‬ᵪ‫ޣ‬ᡆަԆ࣎һൠᯩⲴ਽〠˖⹄ウ̚ū⍮ࠪ̚ū䇺⯇̚ūᤷᥕ̚ūᤋᖵ̚DŽ ĺ䟿䇽DŽD˅⭘Ҿᡯቻ˖䘉̚ᡯᆀDŽE˅⭘Ҿᆖṑㅹ˄ਟԕн→аᡰᡯᆀ˅˖а̚ ५䲒ūє̚ᆖṑDŽ Ļࣙ䇽DŽD˅䐏þѪÿᡆþ㻛ÿਸ⭘ˈ㺘⽪㻛ࣘ˖ѪӪ̚ㅁūⴻ䰞仈⡷䶒ˈᇩ᱃㻛㺘䶒 ⧠䊑̚䘧ᜁDŽE˅⭘൘‫ڊ‬ᇊ䈝Ⲵѫ䉃㔃ᶴⲴࣘ䇽ࡽ䶒ˈ㺘⽪ѝᗳ䇽ᱟਇһ˖ᡁ̚䇔䇶Ⲵ Ӫūབྷᇦ̚ᨀⲴ᜿㿱DŽF˅⭘൘þᱟĂⲴÿѝ䰤Ⲵ਽䇽ǃԓ䇽઼ࣘ䇽ѻ䰤ˈᕪ䈳ᯭһ઼ ࣘ֌Ⲵ‫ޣ‬㌫˖‫ޘ‬ഭⲴᖒ࣯ˈᱟ਼ᘇԜ̚‫ޣ‬ᗳⲴDŽG˅LJҖLj⭘൘ࣘ䇽ࡽ䶒ˈ䐏ࣘ䇽ᶴᡀ փ䇽㔃ᶴ˖਴ቭ̚㜭ū䰫̚ᵚ䰫DŽ ļ˄6X€˅ဃDŽ Sample Sentence: ୍୭ேᡤྲྀᚓⓗᡂᯝ㸪ன௚ᡤ௜ฟⓗດຊ᭷╔ᯉ኱ⓗය⣔ࠋ



Sentences Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV

8. Special Sentence Patterns 3LYRWDO6HQWHQFHV ௧ ௧ 1.to order or instruct 2.an order, command, etc. 3.to cause or make 4.a season 5.your ling ʆʡʟ‫ޗ‬ 1.a ream of paper )URPWKHᗣ⇊Ꮠ඾ᩥᏐ∧ Ԕ ࠙ᆀ䳶ѝࠚ࠙Ӫᆇ䜘ࠚԔ ࠙䳶丫ࠚ࠙↓丫ࠚ࣋↓࠷㸪䴦৫㚢ࠋᖻҏ㸪⌅ҏ㸪੺ᡂҏࠋ࠙ᴨāഗભࠚⲬ㲏ᯭԔ㸪㖄 ᴹн㠗ࠋ࠙⿞āᴸԔࠚભ⴨ᐳᗧ઼Ԕࠋ࠙ઘ⿞ā⿻ᇈࠚ༛ᑛᦼ༛ѻ‫ޛ‬ᡀ㸪ഋᴠ⣟䛖Ԕ㸪ӄ ᴸ᫏䛖Ԕࠋࠉ৸йԔࠋ࠙ࡽ╒āᇓᑍ㌰ࠚԔᴹ‫ݸ‬ᖼ㸪ᴹԔ⭢㸪Ԕ҉㸪Ԕщࠋࠉ ৸㑓Ԕࠋ╒⌅㸪㑓㩜ᡨԕк⡢Ԕ㸪ԕл⡢䮧ࠋࠉ৸ᱲԔ㸪ᴸԔ㸪ᡰԕ㌰ॱҼᴸѻ᭯ࠋࠉ ৸ழҏࠋ࠙䂙āབྷ䳵ࠚԔ㚎Ԕᵋࠋ࠙ᐖۣāᡀॱᒤࠚᘐ⡢Ԕᗧ㸪䶎ަӪ⥦нਟ㸪ߥнԔ Ѿࠋࠉ৸ဃࠋࠉ৸࠙䳶丫ࠚ䜎б࠷࠙↓丫ࠚ䴒੸࠷㸪丣䴦ࠋ৞ᖩᴠ֯Ԕࠋࠉ৸бԔ㸪 ൠ਽ࠋ㾻࠙ࡽ╒āᕥ⒟ۣࠚࠋᡆ֌б䴦ࠋ৸Ԕ⤀㸪Ӗൠ਽ࠋࠉ৸Ԕ⤀㸪㼷ဃࠋࠉ ৸࠙䂙ā啺付ࠚⴗԔԔࠋ࠙䁫ࠚⴗ㸪⭠⣜ࠋԔԔ㸪⣜乌л⫠㚢ࠋࠉ৸㠷卂䙊ࠋ࠙䂙āሿ 䳵ࠚ㜺Ԕ൘৏㸪‫ݴ‬ᕏᙕ䴓㸪ভ只卂匕ࠋࠉ৸Ԕ䚙㸪⭃ҏࠋ㠷⬤⬻਼ࠋࠉ৸࠙䳶丫ࠚ䜎ᇊ ࠷㸪丣ㅝࠋԔ᭟㸪㑓਽ࠋ൘䚬㾯ࠋࠉ৸࠙ᔓ丫ࠚ࣋ᔦ࠷࠙䳶丫ࠚ䲥ᔦ࠷㸪丣䙓ࠋӖ㑓 ਽ࠋ࠙ࡽ╒āൠ⨶ᘇࠚ䠁෾䜑ᴹԔት㑓ࠋࠉ৸࠙䳶丫ࠚⴗᲟ࠷㸪丣么ࠋᇈ㖢ѻ䮧ࠋࠉ৸ ਦੲᕥ࠷㸪丣㢟ࠋ࠙七᜸ā䉯า䂙ࠚࠑ‫ޜ‬ഋሱ㸪ᰓᇼԕᕪࠋ䄲‫ޜ‬੮⡦㸪ᆠ䚅‫ޜ‬Ԕࠋਦл 䛖ࠋࠉ࠙䃚᮷ࠚ䔹ঙ䜘ࠋӾӬӾঙࠋⲬ㲏ҏࠋ࠙ᗀᴠࠚӬভ䳶ᆇ㸪Ӫ㘼⡢ѻㇰࡦࠋᴳ ᜿ࠋ 㘳䅹㸸ࠝ৸㑓Ԕࠋ╒⌅㸪㑓㩜ᡨԕк⡢Ԕ㸪ԕҼ⡢䮧ࠋࠞࠉ䅩➗╒ᴨԕҼ᭩ԕлࠋ 7KHV\QWDFWLFVWUXFWXUHRIWKHVDPSOHVHQWHQFHEHORZFDQEHYLVXDOLVHGDVIROORZV



Sample Sentence: 䘉୭㔃ᯝ௧ேኻᮃࠋ ὴ /HWXV QRZWDNHD EULHI ORRNDWWKH V\QWDFWLF VWUXFWXUH RIWKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFH LQ WKLV VHFWLRQ

Sample Sentence: অ఩ὴᡃཤ༡ி࣎Ⅼඒ஦ࠋ $QGKHUHDUHWKHGHILQLWLRQVIRUὴ ὴ 1.to dispatch (troops or vehicles) 2.to send (a person on an errand or mission) 3.a faction; a clique; a school 'HILQLWLRQIURPWKH഻䃎䗝ި



⍮ ʀʘ‫ࠉޘ‬ ⊏⋣᭟⍱ࠋ᮷䚨Ú⦻ܹÚ㽊␥⻁᮷㸸ࠗࠪ⊏⍮㘼付㘄㸪‫ޕ‬Ӝᑛ㘼䴧अࠋ࠘ୀÚ⦻㏝Ú╒⊏㠘 ≾䂙㸸ࠗᾊຎй⒈᧕㸪㥺䮰ҍ⍮䙊ࠋ࠘ Ӫࠊһᡆᆨ㺃Ⲵ࠶᭟㌫㎡ࠋྲ㸸ࠗᆨ⍮࠘ࠊࠗ唘⍮࠘ࠊࠗ䂙⍮࠘ࠋ᮷䚨Úࢹᆍ⁉Úᔓ㎅ Ӕ䄆㸸ࠗ❦ࡷ࡙Ӕ਼Ⓚ㸪⍮⍱ࡷ⮠ࠋ࠘ ֌付ᡆ≓ᓖࠋྲ㸸ࠗ⍮九࠘ࠊࠗ≓⍮࠘ࠊࠗ↓⍮࠘ࠋ 䟿䂎ࠋ䀸㇇⍮ࡕⲴ௞սࠋྲ㸸ࠗ䙉‫ޙ‬⍮⮛ᇦⲴ⮛付䘕❦н਼ࠋ࠘ аぞ㾯ᔿ✈❉伏૱ࠋ⛪㤡䃎SLHⲴ丣䆟ࠋྲ㸸ࠗ㰻᷌⍮࠘ࠊ⃨ࠗ⃜⍮࠘ࠋ ࠶䝽ࠋྲ㸸ࠗ᭔⍮࠘ࠊࠗ䕚⍮࠘ࠋ㌵⁃དྷÚㅜഋॱйഎ㸸ࠗ㘱⾆ᇇਚᢺԆက‫ػޙނ‬Ӕ㎖ ‫ޙ‬սཚཚ㸪аսঐа‫ػ‬㸪⍮ཊ⍮ቁ㸪⇿սᴯࠪа࠶ቡᱟҶࠋ࠘ ᐞ䚓ࠊԫ⭘ࠋྲ㸸ࠗင⍮࠘ࠊࠗ䚨⍮࠘ࠊࠗ⍮‫ޥ‬᭟ᨤ࠘ࠊࠗ⍮Ӫ䘱৫࠘ࠋ㌵⁃དྷÚㅜг എ㸸ࠗ‫ݸ‬⍮‫ػޙ‬ሿᆀ㸪䘱Ҷ䙉〖⴨‫ޜ‬ᇦ৫ࠋ࠘ ᆹᧂࠋྲ㸸ࠗ⍮к⭘๤࠘ࠋ㌵⁃དྷÚㅜҍॱ‫ޝ‬എ㸸ࠗ䙉ቻᆀᱟ㾱֐⍮Ⲵࠋаᾲ㿚৻н 䃻㸪ҏнᧂㆥᑝ㸹ᖵሦ⦹ྭҶ㸪䙾Ҷ࣏ᴽ❦ᖼ޽ᬪᑝ䃻Ӫࠋ࠘ ᤷ䋜ࠋྲ㸸ࠗ⍮нᱟ࠘ࠋ㌵⁃དྷÚㅜӄॱҼഎ㸸ࠗᴹⲴнᱟ㸪䜭⍮൘ᡁ‫ف‬䓛к㸪৸ ⍮ ʀʘ‫ޘ‬ 䃚ᡁ‫ف‬нᮉ⡪⿞Ҷࠋ࠘ 6HQWHQFHVRI&RPSDULVRQ$୙ዴ%䘉஄㑣஄ $GMHFWLYH ୙ዴ 1.not equal to; not as good as; inferior to; less than 2.had better; would rather; had rather

䘉஄ 1.so; such; this way; like this

㑣஄ 1.then; so 2.in such a manner (or way); in that case 0RQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQIRU୙ዴIURPWKH≹䈝བྷ䇽ި⿫㓯⡸  нྲ ∄нкࠋࠓ᱃ိኟࠔ㸸³ੋᆀᒮнྲ㠽㸪ᖰ੍ࠋ´ࠉे啺乿ѻ᧘ࠓ乿∿ᇦ䁃ိࣹᆨࠔ㸸³䄪 ᴠ㸪ぽ䋑ॳ㩜㸪нྲ㮴Ծ൘䓛ࠋ´ࠉ᰾ᵾ䌴ࠓㆄ㙯ਨᇷᴨࠔ㸸³㘫ᙍ↔ㅹ㸪৽нྲᐲӅሿ ཛ㸪䓛ንᱟһ㸪ਓ‫ׯ‬䃚ᱟһࠋ´ࠉ⋉≰ࠓб䐋‫ࠔޜ‬㸸³Ԇԕ⛪нྲᢺ䙻≓ᬡ൘䋧䌓➉൏к ྭӋࠋ´н‫ۿ‬㸹нㅖࠋࠓᖼ╒ᴨိ䙨≁ۣိઘ唘ࠔ㸸³нྲ㠓䀰㸪Կ㲋ྴѻ㖚ࠋ´ࠉ᰾㩹 ⴋࠓ≤ᶡᰕ䁈ိਨ俜ↀ䲭‫ޜޙ‬㯖༛ࠔ㸸³ੲᜐযᵚ䚄ᱲ㸪ↀ䲭‫ޜ‬ԕᆨ㘵㖅㜭৺㸪੺ѻᯬᴻ ৻㸪ԕㄟ䳵ѻ༛㯖ѻᯬᵍᔧ㸪фӁ㸸µᖼᴹнྲ㸪⭈㠷਼㖚ࠋ¶´ Sample Sentence: ௒ኳ୙ዴ᫖ኳ㑣஄✝ࠋ



Complex Sentences Study Assignment:6WXG\WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQFDUHIXOO\DQG FRQVLGHU ILQDOO\ KRZ WKH\ DSSO\ WR WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV JLYHQ 7KHQ WUDQVODWH HDFK RI WKH VDPSOH VHQWHQFHV LQ WKH OLJKWRI\RXU FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQGUHIOHF WLRQV

9. Complex Sentences ୙ణ୙୙ణἐ᭷ࠋࠋࠋ㸪཯⪋ࠋࠋࠋ 7KHVWUXFWXUH୙ణ୙୙ణἐ᭷ࠋࠋࠋ㸪཯⪋ࠋࠋࠋPD\EHWUDQVODWHGDV´1RWRQO\ EXWDOVRµ 7KLVLVDYLVXDOLVHGV\QWDFWLFWUHHVWUXFWXUHIRUWKHVDPSOHVHQWHQFHEHORZ

Sample Sentence: 䘉ṧ୙ణἐ᭷ゎ෩ᕬ᭷ⓗ䰞仈㸪཯⪋䘈఍ӗ⏕᪂ⓗ▩┪ࠋ 2WKHU&RPSOH[6WUXFWXUHV, Ꮼྍࠋࠋࠋ㸪ஓ୙ஓせࠋࠋࠋ Ꮼྍ 1.would rather; to prefer to 2.preferably; for choice

ஓ୙ neither / nor せ

and also will/wants...

0RQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQIRUᏬྍ IURPWKH 儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި



ᆱਟ QLQJNH >ZRXOGUDWKHUEHWWHU@㺘⽪൘ᵳ㺑єᯩ䶒Ⲵ࡙ᇣᗇཡਾ䘹ᤙަѝⲴа䶒 ᆱਟ‫ޡ‬䖭нࠋʊʊࠓҀᓌ䈇䳶ā䱼кẁࠔ ᆱਟᰙ⛩‫ਁࠪݯ‬ҏн㾱䘏ࡠ Sample Sentence: ௚Ꮼྍᅾᐙ┳⭥㿶㸪ஓ୙ីពฟཤ㏅ࣘࠋ ୚඼ࠋࠋࠋ㸪୙ዴࠋࠋࠋ ୚඼...୙ዴ 1.would rather...than... 0RQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQIRU୚඼IURPWKH㧗㓗≹䈝኱䇽඾: оަ \XTL >UDWKHUWKDQ@൘∄䖳єԦһⲴ࡙ᇣᗇཡ㘼ߣᇊਆ㠽ᰦ㺘⽪᭮ᔳᡆн䎎ᡀⲴа䶒 оަ൘䘉䟼ㅹԆ⇻ᆱ৫᢮Ԇᴤྭ Sample Sentence: ௒ኳኳẻ䘉஄ዲ㸪఼୚඼ᅾᐙఇᜥ㸪୙ዴA࿴ᡃ୍㉳ฟཤᩓṉࠋ 2WKHU&RPSOH[6WUXFWXUHV,, ೥ዴࠋࠋࠋ㸪ᑵࠋࠋࠋ ೥ዴ 1.if; supposing; provided that; providing that; in case

ᑵ 1.nearby 2.(an auxiliary confirming and stressing the verb following) 3.[Formal] to enter upon; to engage in 4.to accommodate another person's schedule, etc. 5.only; solely 0RQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQIRU೥ዴ IURPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި ‫ྲٷ‬ MLDUX >LIVXSSRVHLQFDVHLQWKHHYHQWWKDW@‫ྲ֯ٷ‬᷌ ‫⋑ྲٷ‬ᴹ⊭䖖ᡁԜቡн㜭᤹ᰦ䎦ࡠᐕൠ Sample Sentence: ೥ዴ఼⬟┿ᚰᆅᖎຓ࡛ே㸪఼ᑵ⬟య傼฿ே⏕ⓗᛌҀࠋ



୓ࠋࠋࠋ㸪ᑵ ࠋࠋࠋ ୓ 1.ten thousand 2.a great many 3.absolutely )RUᑵFILQWKHSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQ ୓୍ 1.if by any (remote) chance; by any possibility; in case of (contingency) 2.an eventuality 0RQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQIRU୓୍ IURPWKH≹䈝䗎⎧ ≹䈝䗎⎧ ≹䈝䗎⎧ за ZjQPz\ŝ з࠶ѻаࠋ㺘⽪ᶱቁⲴа䜘࠶ࠋᤷਟ㜭ᙗᶱሿⲴ᜿ཆⲴᛵߥࠋ䘎䇽ࠋ㺘⽪ਟ㜭ᙗ ᶱሿⲴ‫ٷ‬䇮ࠋ Sample Sentence: ୓୍ᡃ᫂ኳ୙⬟᮶ୖ⌜㸪㯞✖఼ᖎᡃ䈧୭೥ࠋ ᖾҿ ࠋࠋࠋ㸪୙↛ࠋࠋࠋ ᖾҿ 1.thanks to ୙↛ 1.not so; not the case; no 2.if not so; otherwise; or else 0RQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQV )URPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި

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)URPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި  >1R@ĩ⭘൘ਕᆀᔰཤ㺘⽪੖ᇊሩᯩⲴ䈍 н❦һᛵ⋑ᴹ䛓ṧㆰঅ  >RIHOVHLIQRWRWKHUZLVH@ĩ੖ࡉ㺘䖜ᣈн䘉ṧ‫ڊ‬ቡՊࠪ⧠⴨৽Ⲵ㔃᷌ᡆᛵߥ ᡁᗇᰙ⛩৫н❦ቡ䎦нкབྷ䖖Ҷ  >HLWKHU ĂRU@ĩ੖ࡉ 㾱৫ቡ࡛䘏ࡠн❦ቡ⭝৫Ҷ

Sample Sentence: ᖾҿ᭷఼ᖎᛁ㸪୙↛ᡃ௒ኳ┿୙▱㐨䈕䘉஄࣎஢ࠋ 㝖㠀ࠋࠋࠋ㸪୙↛ࠋࠋࠋ 㝖㠀 1.only if; only when 2.unless; except 0RQOLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQIURPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި 䲔䶎 FKXIHL  >RQO\LIRQO\ZKHQ@ 㺘⽪ୟаⲴᶑԦᑨ䐏³᡽´ࠊ³੖ࡉ´ࠊ³н❦´ㅹਸ⭘⴨ᖃҾ³ਚᴹ´ 䲔䶎൘䘉䟼‫؞‬њ≤ᓃ੖ࡉн㜭䀓ߣ‫≤׋‬䰞仈  >XQOHVV@ ൘䲔«ཆⲴԫօᛵߥл䲔«ᛵߥѻཆ 䲔䶎ᴹєњ䇱Ӫ֌䇱᰾੖ࡉ↔Ṹнᡀ・  >H[FHSW@ 㺘⽪н䇑㇇൘޵䲔Ҷ 䘉һ䲔䶎Ԇ䈱ҏн㜭੺䇹 )RU୙↛VHH6HFWLRQ Sample Sentence: 㝖㠀ዯⓗ∗Ӣඔ䇨㸪୙↛ዯ᫝୙⬟᎑㔉఼ⓗࠋ ီᛦࠋࠋࠋ㸪ஓ䘈ࠋࠋࠋ )URPWKH儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި

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ଚᙅ QDSD >HYHQHYHQLIWKRXJK QRPDWWHUKRZ@㺘⽪䇙↕Ⲵ䘎䇽⴨ᖃҾ³ণ֯´ࠊ³ቡ㇇´ ଚᙅ࠰ኡ⚛⎧ᡁҏ㾱䰟ал ஓ 1.also; as well as; too 䘈 1.still; yet 2.even more 3.passably huan ʉʢʜ‫ޗ‬ 1.to return to (a place) 2.to give back 3.to do or give something in return 0RQROLQJXDOGHILQLWLRQV 儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި ҏ \H ?䊑ᖒࠋ䛘Ⲵᵜᆇࠋᵜѹ㗩共ᷴ  Ӗ㺘⽪਼ṧ>DOVRWRRDVZHOOHLWKHU@ࠋྲᡁ儈‫֐ޤ‬ҏ儈‫ޤ‬ҏਟԕҏᱟ  ਐ⭘ᕪ䈳єһᒦࡇᡆሩㅹ>DVZHOODV@ࠋྲྩՊᢃ㈞⨳ҏՊᢃ㖁⨳  㺘⽪䖜ᣈᡆ䇙↕>HYHQ@ࠋྲণ֯ཡ䍕ॱ⅑Ԇҏн⚠ᗳ  㺘⽪ငၹࠋྲᡁҏਚྭྲ↔  㺘⽪ᕪ䈳>HYHQ@ࠋྲҏ享ҏᓄᖃҏᓄ䈕 䘎㘱Ӫҏᒢ⍫  㺘⽪䘹ᤙ䘈ᱟ>RU@ ֐㿱ᡁᓌ䟼䛓њ䰘ᆀতᱟཊቁᒤ㓚"ᡆᱟ唁ⱖҏⲭ߰㛕㜆"ʊʊࠓ≤⎂Րࠔ  ৸ྲҏᱟ䘈ᱟ 儈㓗≹䈝བྷ䇽ި

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Sample Sentence: ೴௵ఱ஦᝟㸪ᡃԜ㒔ᓄ䈕 䖫᫆ᨺᘜ㸪ီᛦ๓⾜ⓗ㐨㊰෌ⱞ෌䳮㸪ஓせඊᣢୗཤ㸪䘉ṧᡯ ୙఍ᅾ⮬ᕫⓗே⏕㔛␃ୗኴከ䚇᠍ࠋ

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Suggested Further Reading ࠓእᅜேᇎ⏝≹䈝䈝ἲࠔ%HLMLQJ/DQJXDJHDQG&XOWXUH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV3HNLQJ   ࠓ≹䈝䈝ἲⓒ亩䇢㓳ึ୰㓗 ࠔ>&KLQHVH*UDPPDU%URNHQGRZQLQWRLWHPV%DVLF DQG,QWHUPHGLDWH/HYHO @%HLMLQJ/DQJXDJHDQG&XOWXUH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV3HNLQJ ࠓ≹ⱥ཮ゎ᪂ॾᏐ඾ࠔ>;LQKXD 'LFWLRQDU\ ZLWK (QJOLVK 7UDQVODWLRQ@ &RPPHUFLDO 3UHVV3HNLQJ ੅ུ•/6KX[LDQJ ࠓ⧠௦≹䈝ඵⓒ䇽ࠔ>7KH(LJKWKXQGUHG:RUGVRI0RGHUQ&KL QHVH@&RPPHUFLDO3UHVV3HNLQJ



Abbreviations Used in the Syntax Tree Graph Visualisations $GY$GYHUE $GY3KU$GYHUELDO3KUDVH &RPSO&RPSOHPHQW &RPSO&RPSOHPHQW &RPSO&RPSOHPHQW &RPSO'LU&RPSOHPHQWRI'LUHFWLRQ &RQM&RQMXQFWLRQ &RUU&RUUHODWLYHV 11RXQ 131RXQ3KUDVH 3DUW3DUWLFOH 3UHS3UHSRVLWLRQ 3UHS3KU3UHSRVLWLRQDO3KUDVH 3URQ3URQRXQ 66HQWHQFH 66HQWHQFHRUFODXVHLQ6 66HQWHQFHRUFODXVHLQ6 99HUE 939HUEDO9HUE3KUDVH



References A. ᏍᏊᏛ㝔ᙫ㒊/ᅜᐙ≹࣎/Confucius Institute Headquarters (Hanban)㸸 ࠓHSK⪃䈅኱㓢ࠔ/HSK Test Syllabus: +6.⪃䈅኱㓢 >+6.7HVW6\OODEXV@+6./HYHOSS3XEOLVKHGE\WKH&RQIX FLXV,QVWLWXWH+HDGTXDUWHUV+DQEDQ 3HRSOH·V(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV3HNLQJ ,6%1 +6.⪃䈅኱㓢+6./HYHOSS3XEOLVKHGE\WKH&RQIXFLXV,QVWLWXWH+HDG TXDUWHUV+DQEDQ 3HRSOH·V(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV3HNLQJ ,6%1 +6.⪃䈅኱㓢+6./HYHOSS3XEOLVKHGE\WKH&RQIXFLXV,QVWLWXWH+HDG TXDUWHUV+DQEDQ 3HRSOH·V(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV3HNLQJ ,6%1 +6.⪃䈅኱㓢+6./HYHOSS3XEOLVKHGE\WKH&RQIXFLXV,QVWLWXWH+HDG TXDUWHUV+DQEDQ 3HRSOH·V(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV3HNLQJ ,6%1 +6.⪃䈅኱㓢+6./HYHOSS3XEOLVKHGE\WKH&RQIXFLXV,QVWLWXWH+HDG TXDUWHUV+DQEDQ 3HRSOH·V(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV3HNLQJ ,6%1 +6.⪃䈅኱㓢+6./HYHOSS3XEOLVKHGE\WKH&RQIXFLXV,QVWLWXWH+HDG TXDUWHUV+DQEDQ 3HRSOH·V(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV3HNLQJ ,6%1 B. Complementary Sources Used: ࠓእᅜேᇎ⏝≹䈝䈝ἲࠔ%HLMLQJ/DQJXDJHDQG&XOWXUH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV3HNLQJ   ࠓ≹䈝䈝ἲⓒ亩䇢㓳ึ୰㓗 ࠔ>&KLQHVH*UDPPDU%URNHQGRZQLQWRLWHPV%DVL FDQG,QWHUPHGLDWH/HYHO @%HLMLQJ/DQJXDJHDQG&XOWXUH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV3HNLQJ  ࠓ≹ⱥ཮ゎ᪂ॾᏐ඾ࠔ>;LQKXD'LFWLRQDU\ZLWK(QJOLVK7UDQVODWLRQ@&RPPHUFLDO 3UHVV3HNLQJ ੅ུ• /6KX[LDQJ ࠓ⧠௦≹䈝ඵⓒ䇽ࠔ>7KH(LJKWKXQGUHG:RUGVRI0RGHUQ &KLQHVH@&RPPHUFLDO3UHVV3HNLQJ 7KH'LFWLRQDU\'HILQLWLRQVDUHWDNHQIURPGLIIHUHQWKLJKTXDOLW\GDWDEDVHVLQFOXGHGLQ WKH´3URIHVVLRQDO&KLQHVH(QJOLVK'LFWLRQDU\µVRIWZDUH9HUVLRQGRZQORDGDEOH IURP KWWSZZZJHOEHUNDLVHUGH&KLQ'LFW,QGH[KWPO)UHHZDUH 

Prepare Yourself for the Chinese Language Proficiency Exam (HSK)

Volume I: Elementary Chinese Language Difficulty Levels HSK Levels 1 and 2 disserta Verlag 2019 Book ISBN 978-3-95935-503-2 eBook ISBN 978-3-95935-504-9 39,90 € (Print) 29,99 € (eBook) Paperback, 160 pages

Volume II: Intermediate Chinese Language Difficulty Levels HSK Levels 3 and 4 disserta Verlag 2019 Book ISBN 978-3-95935-505-6 eBook ISBN 978-3-95935-506-3 44,90 € (Print) 34,99 € (eBook) Paperback, 256 pages