Navies and Maritime Policies in the South Atlantic [1st ed. 2019] 3030105997, 9783030105990

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Navies and Maritime Policies in the South Atlantic

Érico Duarte  •  Manuel Correia de Barros Editors

Navies and Maritime Policies in the South Atlantic

Editors Érico Duarte Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil

Manuel Correia de Barros Strategic Studies Centre of Angola-CEEA Luanda, Angola

ISBN 978-3-030-10599-0    ISBN 978-3-030-10600-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10600-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018968423 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the ­publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and ­institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Acknowledgements

We thank the two grants that funded the elaboration of this book from the Ministries of Education (CAPES) and Defence of Brazil’s ‘Pró-Defesa’ fellowship and the Brazilian Council for Science Technology (CNPq). We also thank Danilo Marcondes, from Brazilian National War College, who reviewed and commented on most of the manuscript making significant progress in its coherence and quality. We thank also Ms. Bruna Toso de Alcantara for reviewing some of the chapters, and Igor Castellano, from Federal University of Santa Maria – Brazil, who played a special role in the designing of the book. Finally, we appreciate Alina Yurova, from Palgrave Macmillan, for her trust and support of this project. The Editors

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Contents

1 Introduction  1 Érico Duarte 2 Maritime Security and Governance of the South Atlantic: The Nigerian Perspective 13 Paul G. Adogamhe 3 The South African Navy and Regional Maritime Security: The Dilemma of Political-­Strategic Objectives and Financial Constraints 41 Theo Neethling 4 The Expansion of Argentine Limits in the Continental Shelf: Implications in the International Scope 69 Rodrigo Milindre Gonzalez and Sergio Gabriel Caplan 5 The UK and Argentina: Economic Interdependence, Informal Empire, or Just Good Friends? 97 Martin Robson 6 Gateway and Neighbourhood: Brazilian Perspective on South Atlantic Security125 Rodrigo Baena Soares and Cláudio Medeiros Leopoldino

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Contents

7 Brazil and the Construction of Its Power to Defend the South Atlantic151 Juliano da Silva Cortinhas 8 Conclusion187 Manuel Correia de Barros Index197

Notes on Contributors

Paul G. Adogamhe  Professor of International Relations in the Department of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin, Whitewater, USA. He holds MPhil/PhD degrees in Political Science from the CUNY Graduate Center, New York. Born in Nigeria. Sergio Gabriel Caplan  Lecturer at Office of Naval Research and Strategic Studies of Argentine Navy. Researcher of the Argentine Centre of International Studies. He was researcher of Argentinian Institute for Public Security Studies, Naval University Institute, and PNUD. He holds an MA in International Relations from the National University of La Plata. Manuel  Correia  de  Barros  Retired Brigadier General of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA), founder and deputy chairman of the Strategic Studies Centre of Angola’s (CEEA) Executive Council. His last military assignment, till 2004, was as Chief of the Information and Analysis Department – Military Intelligence Services. Juliano  da Silva  Cortinhas  Professor of International Relations at the University of Brasília. He holds a PhD from the University of Brasilia and an MA from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, both in International Relations. He served at the Brazilian Ministry of Defence (2013–2016) and was Senior Civil Advisor for Defence Affairs to the Brazilian Presidency at the Secretariat for Strategic Affairs (2012–2013). Érico Duarte  Professor of Strategic Studies and International Relations at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. He holds DSc and MSc degrees in Strategic Studies from the University of Brazil. He was visiting ix

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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

fellow of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies of the King’s College at Shrivenham, Institute for Peace Studies and Security Policy (IFSH) of Hamburg University, the Latin American and Caribbean Centre of Leiden University, and US National Defense University. Rodrigo Milindre Gonzalez  Professor of International Relations at the University of Vale do Itajaí, Brazil. He holds an MA in Strategic International Studies by Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Born in Uruguay. Cláudio Medeiros Leopoldino  Career diplomat of the Brazilian Foreign Service since 2003. He holds BA and MA degrees in International Relations from the University of Brasília. Former deputy coordinator-­general for Defence Affairs at the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2013–2015). Currently serving at the Delegation of Brazil in the United Nations. Theo  Neethling  Professor and Head of Department, Department of Political Studies and Governance, University of the Free State, South Africa. He was awarded DLitt and Phil degrees in 1992 from the University of South Africa, both in the field of International Politics. Martin Robson  Lecturer in Strategic Studies at University of Exeter. He was lecturer in the Defence Studies Department, King’s College London and Caird Senior Research Fellow of UK National Maritime Museum. He holds PhD and BA degrees in War Studies from King’s College London. Rodrigo Baena Soares  Career diplomat of the Brazilian Foreign Service since 1987. He holds MA degrees in International Relations from the US American University and Public Administration from the École Nationale d’Administration, France. Former special adviser for Defence Affairs of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2012–2015), an Ambassador of Brazil in Mozambique (2015–2018). Currently serving as the Ambassador of Brazil in Peru.

List of Charts

Chart 7.1 Investments share of the defense budget in Brazil, France, and the UK since 1999 Chart 7.2 Brazilian Navy’s appropriations (percentage of spending in different accounts since 2001) Chart 7.3 Brazilian, British, and French navies’ active military contingents since 1999 (thousands)

170 171 173

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List of Tables

Table 7.1 Naval composition of Brazil, France, and the UK in 2016 Table 7.2 Percentage of the GDP spent on defense, total defense spending, and percentage of the defense budget to personnel in Brazil, France, and the UK since 1999 Table 8.1 South Atlantic navies’ compositions Table 8.2 Defence budgets and personnel

167 169 188 192

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