Maritime Security Challenges in the South Atlantic 3030052729

Table of contents :
1 Introduction 1
Érico Duarte
2 Facing the Transnational Criminal Organizations
in the South Atlantic 11
Érico Duarte, Danilo Marcondes and Camilo Carneiro
3 The Impacts of Neo-colonial Security Frameworks
in the South Atlantic: The Case of French Presence
in Western Africa 41
Mamadou Alpha Diallo
4 The Possibility of NATO and Portuguese Presence
in the South Atlantic Ocean 79
André Panno Beirão and Beatriz Victória Albuquerque da
Silva Ramos
5 Antarctica as a South Atlantic Maritime Security Issue 105
Sabrina Evangelista Medeiros and Leonardo Faria de Mattos
6 Reflections on the Ends, Ways, and Means of Maritime
Security Cooperation in the South Atlantic 129
Ralph Espachviii CoNTENTS
7 The African Way of Warfare and Its Challenge to the
South Atlantic Security 155
Igor Castellano da Silva
8 Conclusion 193
Manuel Correia de Barros
Index 223

Citation preview

Maritime Security Challenges in the South Atlantic

Érico Duarte · Manuel Correia de Barros Editors

Maritime Security Challenges in the South Atlantic

Editors Érico Duarte Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil

Manuel Correia de Barros Strategic Studies Centre of Angola—CEEA Luanda, Angola

ISBN 978-3-030-05272-0 ISBN 978-3-030-05273-7  (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05273-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018963730 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Acknowledgements

This book is one of the results of a four-year research group on “Brazil and the South Atlantic Security: Foreign Policy and Defence Strategy”, funded by a generous grant from the Ministries of Education (CAPES) and Defence of Brazil. That group comprised scholars and students of the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and the Brazilian Naval War College. The task for this book’s development was attributed by professor Kai Michael Kenkel, coordinator of the research group, whom we thank for the challenge. That we followed served with a staff that deserves praise. Felippe de Rosa and Clara Cost took care of the grants’ execution and administrative aspects. Dermeval Aires Jr. and Larissa Stoner translated to English several of the chapters, and Dioneia Falk formatted and reviewed the bibliographical references of all of them. Finally, we deeply thank Danilo Marcondes, who reviewed and commented most of the manuscript making significant progress in its coherence and quality. The same role had Ms. Bruna Toso de Alcantara in reviewing some of the chapters. Besides the contribution of one ­chapter, Igor Castellano da Silva was crucial in the designing of the book by assisting us in the first contacts with most of the African collaborators. Érico Duarte Manuel Correia de Barros

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Contents

1 Introduction 1 Érico Duarte 2 Facing the Transnational Criminal Organizations in the South Atlantic 11 Érico Duarte, Danilo Marcondes and Camilo Carneiro 3 The Impacts of Neo-colonial Security Frameworks in the South Atlantic: The Case of French Presence in Western Africa 41 Mamadou Alpha Diallo 4 The Possibility of NATO and Portuguese Presence in the South Atlantic Ocean 79 André Panno Beirão and Beatriz Victória Albuquerque da Silva Ramos 5 Antarctica as a South Atlantic Maritime Security Issue 105 Sabrina Evangelista Medeiros and Leonardo Faria de Mattos 6 Reflections on the Ends, Ways, and Means of Maritime Security Cooperation in the South Atlantic 129 Ralph Espach vii

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Contents

7 The African Way of Warfare and Its Challenge to the South Atlantic Security 155 Igor Castellano da Silva 8 Conclusion 193 Manuel Correia de Barros Index 223

Notes

on

Contributors

André Panno Beirão  is a Professor at the Brazilian Naval War College and completed his Ph.D. in international law from the State University of Rio de Janeiro. He is a Deputy Coordinator of Brazilian Political Sciences and International Relations Professional Postgraduate Programs (CAPES) and a retired officer of Brazilian Navy. Camilo Carneiro is a Visiting Scholar in Border Studies and Human Rights Graduate Program of the Federal University of Grande Dourados and completed his Ph.D. in geography at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Igor Castellano da Silva  is a Professor or International Relation of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil and completed his Ph.D. in strategic international studies and master’s in political science, administration by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. He was visiting fellow at University of Johannesburg. Manuel Correia de Barros is a Retired Brigadier General of Angolan Armed Forces (FAA), founder and deputy chairman of Strategic Studies Centre of Angola’s (CEEA) Executive Council. last military assignment, till 2004, was as Chief of the Information Analysis Department—Military Intelligence Services.

the the His and

Mamadou Alpha Diallo is Professor of Political Science at Latin American Integration University, Brazil, and completed his Ph.D. in ix

x   

Notes on Contributors

strategic international studies, master’s in political science, and B.A. in administration by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. He was Born in Senegal. Érico Duarte is Professor of Strategic Studies and International Relations at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and completed D.Sc. in strategic studies at the University of Brazil. He was visiting research fellow of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies of the King’s College at Shrivenham (2016), Institute for Peace Studies and Security Policy (IFSH) of the Hamburg University (2015), and the 2013 Rui Barbosa Chair of University of Leiden. Ralph Espach  is Director of Latin American Strategic Studies at United States Centre for Naval Analysis and completed Ph.D. in political science at the University of California, Berkeley. Danilo Marcondes is Professor of the Brazilian National War College and completed Ph.D. in politics and international studies, University of Cambridge. Leonardo Faria de Mattos completed his bachelor’s in naval science from the Naval School in 1987, master’s in naval sciences by Naval War School in 2004, and master’s in strategic studies at the Federal Fluminense University in February, 2015. He is a retired officer of Brazilian Navy. Sabrina Evangelista Medeiros is Professor of the Brazilian Naval War College, at the Postgraduate Programme in Maritime Studies (PPGEMEGN/MB). She has a Ph.D. in political science. Beatriz Victória Albuquerque da Silva Ramos has a master’s in the graduate programme in maritime studies of the Brazilian Naval War College and is a fellow at International Maritime Organization.

List of Figures

Fig. 2.1 Fig. 4.1 Fig. 5.1 Fig. 7.1

Drug trafficking logistics across the South Atlantic (Source Elaborated by Camilo Carneiro) 24 Community of Portuguese speaking countries members (Source Elaborated by Camilo Carneiro) 85 The Antarctic territorial claims (Source Map courtesy of the Australian Antarctic Division © Commonwealth of Australia 2008) 111 Causal variables related to the occurrence of war in Africa (Source Elaborated by author) 179

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List of Tables

Table 3.1 Table 3.2 Table 7.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.2 Table 8.3

French military operations in Africa in the post-Cold War period 53 General figures and defence expenditures of West African countries 62 Main wars in Africa, over one thousand casualties (1952–currently) 169 Countries’ data 197 South Atlantic sea ports 199 Number of ships 201

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