Materials for an Aymara Dictionary

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Informations
Informations sur Thomas A. Sebeok https://www.persee.fr/authority/65737Pagination
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Plan
I. — Sources.
II. — Transcription.
III. — Arrangement and Purpose.
IV. — Dictionary.

Citation preview

Journal de la Société des Américanistes

Materials for an Aymara Dictionary. Thomas A. Sebeok

Citer ce document / Cite this document : Sebeok Thomas A. Materials for an Aymara Dictionary.. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 40, 1951. pp. 89151; doi : https://doi.org/10.3406/jsa.1951.2544 https://www.persee.fr/doc/jsa_0037-9174_1951_num_40_1_2544 Fichier pdf généré le 29/03/2019

MATERIALS FOR

AN

AYMARA DICTIONARY By Thomas A. SEBEOK.

I. — Sources.

•

This dictionary is based on the following sources : 1) Texts and vocabulary items collected by myself in 1947, from a highly urbanized native speaker of Aymara, Elena de los Rios, of La Paz, Bolivia. One of these texts has now appeared in print : "Aymara 'Little Red Ridinghood ' with Morphological Analysis", Archivům Linguisticum, vol. Ill, pp. 53-69 CI951)2) Vocabulary items culled from Harry Tschopik, Jr., "The Aymara", Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 143, vol. II, pp. 501-573(1946). 3) Four texts published by Harry Tschopik, Jr. : "Aymara Texts : Lupaca Dialect ", International Journal of American Linguistics, vol. XIV, pp. 108-114 (1948). 4) Vocabulary items culled from Weston La Barre, " The Aymara Indians of the Lake Titicaca Plateau, Bolivia", American Anthropologist, Memoir No. 68 (1948). Among others, most of the botanical and zoological terms which occur in the dictionary below originate from this source. 5) Fourteen texts from the Pacasa dialect, collected by Weston La Barre. One of these has appeared in print : "Aymara Folktales", International Journal of American Linguistics, vol. XVI, pp. 40-45 (1950). The manuscript of the other thirteen texts was generously placed at my disposal for linguistic analysis by Professor La Barre : I take this opportunity to express to him my gratitude for his cooperation. 6) Certain portions of German G. Villamor, Moderno Vocabulario del Kechua y del Aymara (La Paz, 1940). This is a Spanish-Aymara-Kechua vocabulary, in which I disregarded the Kechua portion, reversed the SpanishAymara portion to Aymara-Spanish, and wholly retranscribed the Aymara items insofar as the author's spelling allowed. In addition, Kenneth L. Pike was good enough to permit me to examine his Aymara field notes, which I used principally to check my own recording of Aymara stress : I appreciate his courtesy in this matter.

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SOCIÉTÉ PES AMÉRICANISTES II. — Transcription.

Entries appear in the following alphabetic order : a, b, с, с , i?, d, e, h, i, k, k', k?3 l, ï, m, n, h, o, p, p', p?, q, q, q\ r, s, t, ť, t\ u, iv, x, y. The phonemes of Aymara are tentatively established as follows : Vowels. — Two high vowels, i and u, and two mid vowels, e and o, the first member of each pair being front, the second back ; and one low vowel, a. Each of the high vowels includes a syllabic variant, here written as i, u, and a non-syllabic variant, here written y, w, respectively. The mid vowels are statistically rare and rather limited in distribution ; the opposition high mid is relatively weak. Consonants. — There are fifteen (voiceless) oral stops, which are articulated in five places — bilabial, dental, prepalatal (this set being affricated), postpalatal, and postvelar ; and in three manners — globalized, aspirated, and without either glottalization or aspiration : p?, i?, t?, k?, q?, p', ť , с , k', q', p, t, č, k, q. The three nasals are bilabial, dental, and palatalized : m, n, h. The three fricatives are dental, postvelar, and glottal : s, x, h. The three liquids are, one intercepted : r ; and two continuous, a palatalized and a non-pahtalized one : /, /. In addition, there are three voiced stops : b, d,g, s and š, which occur only in Spanish loans. Stress. — Although stress is here assumed to be non-phonemic, its precise status is still to be clarified. In general, the vast majority of the words are stressed on the penultimate syllabic phoneme, and in such words stress remains unmarked in this dictionary. However — and in spite of the fact that stress is never written in sources 2-6 — there are a few words which are consistently stressed on the final syllabic phoneme ; these are marked in the dictionary by an accent over the phoneme in question. My observations as to stress are wholly confirmed by Pike's materials, as well as by Floyd G. Lounsbury (personal communication), who has had access to other texts. Although some of the conditions under which stress will fall on the final syllabic are predictable (e. g., resulting from the dropping of a final syllabic under certain circumstances : taiapáx