Japanese Self-Taught (in Roman Characters) By the Natural Method: With Phonetic Pronunciation; Thimm's System [Classic Reprint ed.] 0332109828, 9780332109824

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PL 539 S528J

WITH

1

THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES IN

MEMORY OF

Gerald E. Baggett

Marlborough's Self-Taught Series.

Japanese $eir=Caual)t

(IN

ROMAN CHARACTERS.)

By the Natural Method. -WITH-

Phonetic

THIMM'S

Pronunciation.

R EG

I

SYSTEM

STESED

EDITED BY

W.

J. S.

SHAND,

Late Director, School of Japanese Language and Literature, London

THIRD EDITION. Companion Volume "

JAPANESE GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT." PRINTED

LONDON PUBLISHERS

:

E.

IN

GREAT BRITAIN

MARLBOROUGH

PHILADELPHIA

&

:

DAVID McKAY COMPANY,

PUBLISHERS,

604-608, SOUTH WASHINGTON SQUARE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Co. LTD.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. The student should bear

in

mind that the construc-

from that and that consequently, whilst the Japanese sentences in this hook express the same meaning as the English, they are in the Japanese form and must not be

tion of Japanese sentences

is

entirely different

of English,

"

regarded as a

literal

translation.

(See

JAPANESE GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT.")

LETCHWORTH THK GARDEN CITY PRESS LTD. PRINTERS

Syntax

"

in

PL PREFACE. 'THE

particular aim of this book is to meet the need of those who require to make use of the spoken language without the usual expenditure of time and effort necessary to -*

acquiring the grammar.

common

It therefore

supplies

the words in

every-day use, classified according to subject, including

extensive

vocabularies

Commerce, Missionary

for

the

Army and

enterprise,

Navy, Trade and

Travel, &c.,

&c.,

together

with a large number of colloquial phrases and sentences of a practical character, similarly classified. sections the pronunciation of the Japanese

Throughout these words is added in

accordance with Marlborough's well-known system of phonetics, system which by its simplicity enables anyone speaking

a

English to read off the words at a glance, although previously unacquainted with the language. The student will of course do well to avail himself as far as possible of the services of a

competent instructor in order to perfect his pronunciation, etc.; on the other hand, teachers will find in this book a useful supplement

to their oral instruction.

The Publishers have had

W.

the

valuable

assistance,

as

Shand, who was for twenty-seven Editor, resident in and has had four years' experience Japan, years as Director of the School of Japanese Language and Literaof

ture in

Mr.

J.

S.

London.

For the native characters the syllabaries and the rules of transliteration, the student is referred to "JAPANESE GRAMMAR "

SELF-TAUGHT (Marlborough's Self-Taught Series, No. 18), of which this volume is the complement, the two works forming a very comprehensive and useful manual of the Japanese language for students, naval and military officers and public servants, commercial men and traders, missionaries, travellers and tourists. London, 1907.

CONTENTS. PAGE

THE SYLLABARY AND PRONUNCIATION

6 10 10

Peculiarities of the Syllabary

The Tonic Accent PBBLIMINABY NOTES VOCABULARIES.

11

Pages 13 to 71.

Animals, Vegetables, etc. Animals, Birds and Fishes Fruits, Trees, Flowers and Vegetables :

Insects and Reptiles

15

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

46 18 38 45 34 28

...

...

28

Army and Navy Colours

...

... ...

...

Commerce (Trade and) Correspondence ... Countries and Nations Furniture (House and) House and Furniture

... ...

Mankind: Relations Body (The Human) Cooking and Eating Utensils Dress and Dressing ... Food and Drink

21

...

22 25 ...

...

26 24

...

...

...

27

...

...

...

46

Health

23

Washing List Navy (Army and) ... Numbers Cardinal, Fractional Parts of Speech

...

...

...

Auxiliary, Ordinal, Collective and

...

...

...

...

...

...

55 to 58

58 to 71

... ... ... ... ... Adjectives Adverbs, Particles, Conjunctions, Pronouns,

...

...

etc....

...

Telegraph and Telephone

Professions, Trades, etc

69

45

...

33

...

30

Religion

Ships and Shipping Telegraph (Post-office,

Telephone

58

63

Verbs Post-office,

17 16

...

(Post-office,

...

...

...

and Telephone) Telegraph and) ,

...

37

...

...

...

45

...

...

...

45

CONTENTS. PAGE

Times and Seasons Town and Country Trade and Commerce

20

Travelling

35

World and its Elements, The Land and Water Minerals and Metals

13

18

38

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND SENTENCES. Commercial and Trading

13 14

Pages 72 to 10G.

Conveyances, Hiring Correspondence Enquiries Expressions and Phrases (Useful and Necessary Idiomatic) Expressions of Emotion

Health In Town

:

Visiting

Introductions

Shopping ... Telegrams Time, The Trading (Commercial and) Travelling. Pages 81 to 92.

79 72 77 94 98

86 87 90

Arrival

The

Meals

By Railway Bylload: Hiring Conveyances By Steamboat ... Useful and Necessary Expressions and Phrases Visiting

Weather, The

MONEY: Equivalent Values

83 95

97 106 95 101 95 93 103

Money (Changing) Post-office, The

Hotel,

103

Japanese, English, American...

81 83

85

72 98 93 107

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

107

POSTAGE

108

JAPANESE SELF-TAUGHT. THE SYLLABARY AND PRONUNCIATION.

The Japanese language has no " alphabet The characters which may be the word.

"

as

we understand

said to correspond

with the English alphabet stand for syllables that is, the vowels of the vowels and consonants which are

and the combinations

employed in the construction of words. These characters constitute the Syllabary, which therefore of (a) Vowel syllabics (syllables), and (b) Consonant

consists

syllabics. (a)

The Vowel a,

(b)

i,

u,

syllabics represent the simple vowel

The Consonant consist

sounds,

e, o.

in

syllabics stand for the syllables a consonant and a

each case of

joined together, as ka,

ki,

which vowel

ku, ke, ko.

These syllabics together form what

is

termed the " Go-jiu-on,"

i.e., the Fifty Sounds. As, however, some of the consonantal sounds have softened forms, and final n is separately repre-

sented, the

number

of syllables actually

The following

employed

is

greater.

table gives a convenient arrangement of the the softened forms being printed in italics. (For the syllabary, in the native character see JAPANESE GIIAMMAK SELFsyllabaries

TAUGHT, pages 96, 97.)

THE SYLLABAKY. VOWEL SYLLABLES. a

PRONUNCIATION. THE VOWELS. Pronunciation.

Characters.

a a I

(or

ii)

i

is

i

u

J^

,,

i

,,

...

father, but shorter

machine

...

is

approximately as

u u

like

e

approximately as

oo in food... oo ,, foot ...

almost silent a ,, date

o

...

...

ah ah e

ee i is

a

vowel ...

...

...

...

oo

...

...

...

oo

',

(ee)

...

...

...

...

...

...

...',(00) eh ...

eh

,,

bed

...

...

...

...

j>

o

,,

sure

..

c

...

...

...

oh

,,

o

,,

polo

...

...

...

...

oh

e

5",D

...

...

of

;

is

...

...

,,

pronounced like yi (yee). almost silent merely a suspicion sound is noticeable ... ...

I

...

... machine, but shorter substituted for i, and in a few others

e

3

a

i

,,

In some words y

Phonetic signs.

a in father

approximately as

e,

[For remarks on the long and short vowels, see Preliminary Notes, pars. 1-2, pp. 11-12.]

THE CONSONANTS. D, d

is

merely the softened form of

in a similar F,

f

G, g

manner

In pronouncing

R,

r

is

pronounced ...

...

d

...

the lower lip does not quite come in contact with the upper teeth, but remains at about the same distance from them as in pro... ... nouncing wh in the word ichen ... /,

at the beginning of a word, ... English go... In all other positions like

H, h

and

t,

...

hard

...

n