Ins Wort gesetzt, ins Bild gesetzt: Gender in Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur [1. Aufl.] 9783839405956

Table of contents :
Inhalt
VORWORT
GENDER ALS KATEGORIE IN DER WISSENSCHAFT
Unterschiede machen Über die verborgene Macht alltäglicher Praktiken
Unterscheidungsgewohnheiten, Unterscheidungsstrukturen – literarisch und philosophisch reflektiert
Geschlecht – Erfahrung – Osteuropa: Geschlechtergeschichte mit „Osteuropa“ im Fokus (19 und 20 Jahrhundert)
Gender Studies und Queer Studies: Neuere Entwicklungen in der Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft
Das Geschlecht der Dinge Strategien der Sichtbarmachung in der materiellen Kultur
GENDER IM BILD
Hinter den Spiegeln Anna Al’ cuks Figuren des Gesetzes als Testfall der feministischen Kunstgeschichte
Kann ich, bitte, ein feedback bekommen? – Zu alten und neuen Lagen von Gender/Film
War Herakles ein Mann? Bemerkungen zum Stand der literaturwissenschaftlichen Men’s Studies
(VON) FRAUEN ERZÄHLEN
Scham in den Romanen Jane Austens, oder: Wie die Gender Studies auf den Affekt gekommen sind
Gender und Ethnizität in der amerikanischen Literatur des 19 Jahrhunderts
Schwesternmord: Poetik, Politik und Gender in der polnischen Romantik
Nur eine Muse? Die jiddische Schriftstellerin Debora Vogel und Bruno Schulz
Weibliche Leichen und die Geburt der Gemeinschaft bei Ivo Andric
Über die Autorinnen

Citation preview

Ingrid Hotz-Davies, Schamma Schahadat (Hg.) Ins Wort gesetzt, ins Bild gesetzt

Ingrid Hotz-Davies, Schamma Schahadat (Hg.)

Ins Wort gesetzt, ins Bild gesetzt Gender in Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur

Gedruckt mit freundlicher Unterstützung des Universitätsbunds Tübingen, der Gleichstellungskommission der Neuphilologischen Fakultät der Universität Tübingen und des Zonta Club Tübingen

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.

© 2007 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld Die Verwertung der Texte und Bilder ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages urheberrechtswidrig und strafbar. Das gilt auch für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und für die Verarbeitung mit elektronischen Systemen. Umschlaggestaltung & Innenlayout: Kordula Röckenhaus, Bielefeld Lektorat & Satz: Schamma Schahadat und Erik Martin Druck: Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar ISBN 978-3-89942-595-6 Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier mit chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff. Besuchen Sie uns im Internet: http://www.transcript-verlag.de Bitte fordern Sie unser Gesamtverzeichnis und andere Broschüren an unter: [email protected]

Inhalt VORWORT INGRID HOTZ-DAVIES/SCHAMMA SCHAHADAT

7

GENDER ALS KATEGORIE IN DER WISSENSCHAFT Unterschiede machen. Über die verborgene Macht alltäglicher Praktiken REGINE GILDEMEISTER

15

Unterscheidungsgewohnheiten, Unterscheidungsstrukturen – literarisch und philosophisch reflektiert KATRIN WILLE

32

Geschlecht – Erfahrung – Osteuropa: Geschlechtergeschichte mit „Osteuropa“ im Fokus (19. und 20. Jahrhundert) NATALI STEGMANN

56

Gender Studies und Queer Studies: Neuere Entwicklungen in der Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft EVELINE KILIAN

79

Das Geschlecht der Dinge. Strategien der Sichtbarmachung in der materiellen Kultur GUDRUN MARLENE KÖNIG

99

GENDER IM BILD Hinter den Spiegeln. Anna Al’þuks Figuren des Gesetzes als Testfall der feministischen Kunstgeschichte ANTONIA NAPP

119

Kann ich, bitte, ein feedback bekommen? – Zu alten und neuen Lagen von Gender/Film CHRISTIANE KÖNIG

133

War Herakles ein Mann? Bemerkungen zum Stand der literaturwissenschaftlichen Men’s Studies DOROTHEE KIMMICH

160

(VON) FRAUEN ERZÄHLEN Scham in den Romanen Jane Austens, oder: Wie die Gender Studies auf den Affekt gekommen sind INGRID HOTZ-DAVIES

181

Gender und Ethnizität in der amerikanischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts ISABELL KLAIBER

207

Schwesternmord: Poetik, Politik und Gender in der polnischen Romantik SCHAMMA SCHAHADAT

234

Nur eine Muse? Die jiddische Schriftstellerin Debora Vogel und Bruno Schulz ANNETTE WERBERGER

257

Weibliche Leichen und die Geburt der Gemeinschaft bei Ivo Andriü MIRANDA JAKIŠA

287

Über die Autorinnen

305





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GENDER UND ETHNIZITÄT

geschwächt. Die eigene ethnische Identität hingegen wird deutlich aufgewertet. Wie bereits angedeutet, geht es in den literarischen Entwürfen alternativer ethnischer und Gender-Identitäten weniger um ein pluralistisches Ethnizitätsbewusstsein (multiple consciousness) als vielmehr um das literarische Experiment, mehrere ethnische Kulturen in eine alternative, aber homogene Identität zu integrieren.

Ersetzung der ethnischen Identität durch whiteness Harriet Beecher Stowe versucht in ihrem Bestsellerroman Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Or, Life among the Lowly von 1852 die moralische Gleichwertigkeit der Sklaven nachzuweisen, wenn sie sie in ‚weißen‘ Kategorien darstellt. In Stowes Augen sollten Afroamerikaner sich unter weißer Anleitung und mit Hilfe des christlichen Glaubens langfristig bis zum moralischen Niveau der Weißen weiterentwickeln:18 „Africa […] began the race of civilization and human progress in the dim, gray dawn of early time, but […], for centuries, has lain bound and bleeding at the foot of civilized and Christianized humanity, imploring compassion in vain. / But the heart of the dominant race, who have been her conquerors, her hard masters, has at length been turned towards her in mercy“ (UTC: xvii).

So sehr Stowe die Sklaverei anprangert und wohlmeinend nur ‚das Beste‘ für die Sklaven im Süden im Blick hat, so wenig geht es ihr um eine Wertschätzung der Afroamerikaner an sich oder ihrer Kultur. Anders als in der Erzählliteratur ihrer Zeit wendet Stowe die weiße Gender-Kategorie der true woman nicht nur auf die sehr hellhäutige Mulattin an (die es mit Eliza Harris in Stowes Roman auch gibt), sondern auch auf Afroamerikaner dunkler Hautschattierungen.19 Entgegen der gängigen lite18 Stowe sah die Zukunft der Afroamerikaner jedoch nicht in den USA, sondern in Afrika, wo sie „an enlightened and Christianized community“ bilden sollten, in der „laws, language and literature [are] drawn from among us [Anglo-Americans]“ (UTC: xviii). 19 Die schwarze Südstaatenbevölkerung bestand Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts zu einem beträchtlichen Teil aus Mulatten. Viele entstammten den Vergewaltigungen von Sklavinnen durch ihre Besitzer. Die Mulattin, die zum literarischen Repertoire der Zeit gehörte, diente weißen Lesern als Identifikationsfigur, wobei zusätzlich zur hellen Hautfarbe noch die charakterliche Aufwertung durch die Darstellung der Figur in weißen Kategorien hinzukam. Um die Jahrhundertmitte wurden Mulattinnen meist als äußerst ‚weiblich‘ dargestellt. Hieraus ergab sich ihre Tragik: Die reine Seele ei-

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