Fourth Year Latin 0133298892

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in

2017 with funding from

Kahle/Austin Foundation

https://archive.org/details/fourthyearlatinOOjenn

FOURTH YEAR

LATIN CHARLES }ENNEY,

JR.

ROGERS K SCUDDER DAVID

D.

COFFIN

PRENTICE HALL Needham, Massachusetts

Englewood

Cliffs,

New

Jersey

In this

new Fourth Year

more of

Latin, the authors present

the Aeneid

They have included Books I-VI and Book VIII in their entirety, together with selections from Books VII and IX-XII. Teachers who have regretted the omission of Book than

is

usually found in high-school texts.

VIII, with

its

imaginative retelling of

Roman

history through the device

of Aeneas’s wonderful shield, will be delighted with

its

inclusion in this

The presence of Book VIII and selections from the later books allows the teacher more freedom and flexibility in planning the year’s volume.

work.

In addition to the Aeneid, Fourth

Year Latin contains Vergil’s

Fourth Eclogue, the celebrated “Messianic” poem. Also represented are the major poets Ovid, Catullus, Horace, and Martial. Since many students will have met the Metamorphoses in second- and third-year Latin, the authors have elected to expand acquaintance with that work and to include verse which displays other facets of Ovid’s genius. Certain poems by Ovid and Catullus treat themes also used by Vergil and appear for purposes of comparison. Illustrations:

© No

Gordon

Maps:

Laite

Russell

Lenz

1990 by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, part of this

sion in writing

New

Jersey 01622. All rights reserved.

book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permisfrom the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

ISBN: 0-13-329889-2 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

8

97

96

95

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92

Prentice-Hall of Australia, Pty, Ltd., Sydney

Prentice-Hall

Canada

Inc.,

Toronto

Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Me.xico Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd., Prentice-Hall International

New

Delhi

(UK) Limited, London

Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc.,

Tokyo

Prentice-Hall of Southeast Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore

Editora Prentice-Hall

Do

Brasil Ltda.,

Rio de Janeiro

A Simon & Schuster Company

91

90

89

Horace represents the qualities of sanity, optimism, and literary excellence cherished and to some extent engendered by the Golden Age of Augustus. A sampling of Martial’s epigrams conveys the spirit of the less buoyant Silver Age. Indeed, the whole collection illustrates the range in subject, mood, meter, and diction to be found in Latin poetry of the Late Republic and Early Empire.

On

each page of Latin are English footnotes to aid the student

grasping the sense of m.ore

and appreciation.

tion

difficult

in

passages and to increase his informa-

Annotation

after the first six

books has been

consciously reduced to inspire more independence in reading Latin.

To

place the Aeneid in historical and literary perspective, the authors

have provided an analysis of the Augustan Age and a summary of legends surrounding the Trojan War. Biographies of Vergil and the other poets precede selections from their works and emphasize the genesis and nature of the poetry.

The text contains a very complete Latin-English vocabulary, marked to show words recommended for mastery during the first, second, third, and fourth years of high-school Latin by such organizations as the New York Board of Regents and the National Association of Independent Schools. Found in the Appendix are a list of all proper names used, with

phonetic

markings;

systematic

a

description

of versification,

poetic usage, and figures of speech; and an index.

Of

special interest in Fourth

Year Latin are the original illustrations

by the American artist Gordon Laite. The noble and romantic spirit of the Aeneid has been expressed in a sequence of drawings, 42 in all, which, though faithful to tradition in content, bring an intensity and freshness to the ancient epic.

Certain of the other poems have also been

The introduction contains photographs of details from monuments, portrait statues, and places in Italy. A descriptive list of the original drawings and the photographs is found at the end of the book. illustrated

by Mr. Laite.

Contents The Augustan Age

1

Vergil

^

The Story of Troy

13

The Aeneid

Book Book Book Book Book Book Book Book Book Book Book Book

I

II

III

The Landing in Carthage The Fall of Troy The Wanderings of Aeneas

IV

V VI VII VIII

IX

X XI XII

Dido and Aeneas

at the

56

92 126

The Funeral Games The Lower World Landing

18

159

196

Tiber

238

War

250

Preparations for

War with the Italians The War Continues The Truce End of the War

280 291

298 303

Eclogue IV

311

Ovid

316

Autobiography

319

Hardships of Life at Tomi

325

Dido

328

to

Aeneas

The Founding of Rome The Destruction of Cacus

335

Jason and Medea

340

Andromeda Midas and the Golden Touch

347

Perseus and

IV

338

351

Catullus

354

Horace

369

Martial

393

Helpful Books

402

Appendix I.

Latin Verse

II.

407

Figures of Speech

413

III.

Grammatical Constructions

Common

IV.

Pronouncing

Names

List of

Proper

in Latin

Poetry

.

415

419

Latin-English Vocabulary

429

Index

561

List of Ulustrations

566

V

=‘R»omaTX Scale of

“R^oculs

Miles

^ataviw

enua Bohania iihicon-

Arnui

L Trasum^iiS' .

VW

ClvsinfrL I^

:

CYRKOS (CORSlC/«^

.temum ^Corfinum

utni

.lbcfy:l^r^^

Tvrmi^i Mintuft

Nea^t^MoU^A^^^Iiuiffi^S^nusiurn 5:^

SARD a V /^(^ARDINI/!^

Carn^'

Hercul^

BrundisL

Intoramnu

Panormus ®

,ocri lurrv

'Q

Lilybaeum\ 'tHenna,

XNMELim

100

o you grant

79. das:

{me a

place),

Gen.

divum:

with spear point turned.

one accord;

82. velut

agmine facto:

84. Incubuere mari:

simile.

81. conversa cuspide:

80. facis (me).

pi.

like

Perf.

an assaulting column,

paralyzed with chilling horror. attitude of prayer.

be translated,

92. solvuntur ...

93. palmas:

with

simul.

creber procellis:

90. crebris

membra:

.

.

.

ignibus:

his limbs are

both hands were upturned

i.e.,

in

an

94. talia voce refert: thus speaks; voce here, as often, can hardly

beati:

blessed they were;

coixWydU '^bose happy lot

it

was.

ellipsis.

.

=

95. quis

96. oppetere (mortem):

son of Tydeus, Diomedes. Mene . . occumbere (morti). campis: Abl. of place where.

97. Tydide:

i.e.,

of instantaneous action, straight-

way they settle {i.Q.,hix\eswoope(idov/n) on the sea. 85. una = gusty; what is the literal translation? 87. virum = virorum. with lightning flashes in quick succession.

Abl. abs.,

to die.

non potuisse: 98. tua

.

.

quibus:

Dat. with

Danaum: Gen.pl.

Why

could / not?

.dextra: breathe out

99. Aeacidae telo: {slain) by the spear of of mine beneath your right hand. 100. Sarpedon (iacet): An ally of the Trojans. Achilles, grandson of Aeacus. 101. virum: Simois: A famous river near Troy, correpta: With scuta, .thc/?/ Gen. pi. this life

Liber

I

23

C?

;

.

The Storm Shatters Aeneas’s Fleet iactanti s^jldens

velum adversa

prow

tollit. ,

turn prora avertit, et undis

insequitur (^umulo praeruptus aquae rj^ns.

datliutul;

summo

Hi

fluctusgue ad sidera

ferit,

Fran^ntur remi;

Aquilone procella^y^^

pend^t;

in fluctu

105

unda dehi§cdns d

his

furit aestus arenis.

terram inter fluctus aperit;

Tres, Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet

(s^a vocqnt ^ali mediis quae in dorsum imnAne mari summo);

fluctibus aras,

Eurus ab alto

110

in brevia et syrtes urguet, miserabile visti,

illiditque vadis

Unam, quae

atque aggere cingit arenae.

Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten,

ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice

puppim

in

excutitur

ferit:

j^pusque magister

ast illam

volvitur in caput;

pontus

t^ fluctus

tor(ju|J^^ens circjm^t

ibidem

vorat aequore vortex.

^rgfte va^o,

Ajfparent rari

115

\d'^V

^

arma vjrinm tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas. lam validarn Ilionei navem, ijm fo^ti^^^Jii^tae, et qua vectus Abai^.et qua grai^ae

120

... ,v/u^r ''iil

accipiunt

mimicum imorem,

102. (ei) Talia iactanti:

As he

rimisqu(

thus cried aloud,

stridens Aquilone:

howling from

ad sidera: to the stars; hyperbole. 104. avertit: swings around. 105. dat: exposes, cumulo: in a mass, praeruptus mons: a towering billow, mountain high. The monosyllable mons, ending the verse, suggests 106. Hi: Some of the sailors. \his: toothers. the thud of the wave. 107. terram aperit: lays bare the ground; hyperbole, furit aestus arenis: the seething flood 103. adversa: in front,

the north.

.

.

.

.

.

.

108. Tres (naves).

Notus: Usually the south wind, but Vergil attention to the exact direction of the winds, saxa: reefs, just outside the

rages with the sands.

pays

little

Bay of Carthage. shallows or shoals, tives).

oculos:

mari summo: at the surface. 111. brevia: miserabile visu: a piteous sight visu is a supine (used with adjec110. dorsum: a reef

112. vadis: /7/5

very

on the shoals; i.e.,

Aeneas’s.

dat. with a

compound

115. excutitur:

is

verb.

114. ipsius...

thrown overboard, magister:

116. volvitur in caput: pitches headlong, helmsman. illam: her, the ship. 118. rari: (men) here and there; notice the spondees. 119. arma: Such as wicker shields and leather helmets, virum: Gen. pi. tabulae: planks. 120. Ilionei: scanned -c/, as one syllable; synizesis. Achatae: Gen. sing. 121. qua vectus Abas: the

{that ship) in which

24

Abas

sailed.

Liber

I

An Angry Neptune Ends

the

Storm

magno misceri murmure pontum, emissamque hie^|m s^iisit Neptun^s, etfimiS>ioL>//^^

^

Interea




temperat aequor. J

magno

124.

misceri

murmure:

Alliteration.

126. stagna refusa vadis:

waters had been upheaved from their lowest depths, the deep; alto, abl. of place. 129. caeli ruina:

the wreck

escaped her brother, intransitive.

i.e.,

127. placidum:

of heaven,

i.e.,

alto prospiciens:

tranquil;

his

the storm.

gazing out over

was anger with

One

syllable;

synizesis.

dignity.

130. latuere ... fratrem

he “saw through’’ Juno’s schemes; the verb lateo

131. dehinc:

that still

is

usually

132. generis ... fiducia

trust in your birth; the

winds were the sons of Aurora and Titan Astraeus. tenuit: has possessed. 133. numine: will, i.e., permission. 134. moles: mountain of water. 135. Quos ego: The rhetorical figure aposiopesis. He can now spare no time for words, praestat: it is better. 136. Post = postea. non simili poena: by a very dif-

by lot; when Saturn’s universe was divided, his sons Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto chose their realms by lot. 140. se iactet: let

ferent penalty; litotes.

/7//n

(Aeolus)

i.e.,

quickly than the word.

annixus:

peter.

139. sorte:

play the king, 144.

aula: in his court.

Cymothoe:

A

pushing against the ships.

sea-nymph. 145. ipse:

142. dicto citius:

Triton:

Neptune’s trum-

Neptune.

opens a way through.

Liber

I

more

25

146. aperit:

Wv levibus perlabitur undas. •)1>P

atque

summas

rotis

AcwerLTfNnaenb ^

populo.cum saepe dJona

in

'

animis ignobil^vulgus,

seditio, saevitque

lamque

gravem ac mentis

^conspex^^^n^ (

re^it

ille

si

ministrat,

^irum forte virurn

ouem Que

arrectisque auri^s^as^tap^ cr

^fS^animos,

rnulcejtr^"

et

^p^cuniStus pei^i^ecidit

fr^or^equora postquam

caeloque invec^s^aperto

'’ros^iciens ^enitor

9ectit

uAr arma

faces et saxa volant

urn, pietate turn

est

Ln.

155

equos, curruque volans dat lora secundo.

The Landing of

\\\u?

the Trojans in Africa

Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu

contendunt petere,

et

Libyae vertuntur ad oras.

Est in secessu long5 locus: insula portum efbcit obiectu laterum,

quibus omnis ab alto

unda reductos. Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late frangitur inque sinus scindit sese

aequora tuta

turn silvis scaena coruscis

silent;

desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra.

165

Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum, intus

aquae dulces vivoque

nympharum domus: ulla tenent,

sedilia saxo,

hie fessas

unco non

alligat

non vincula naves

ancora morsu.

\\\'^

dMXJu/a

one of the most celebrated of Vergil’s similes. cum sic: just as when... so. 149. saevit 148. veluti vulgus: the mob 151. virum quern: any man; obj. of goes wild with emotion; vulgus is neuter. conspexere. caelo invectus aperto: riding through the 155. genitor: Neptune, 156. curru: For currui, dat. secundo: quick-gliding. cloudless sky. 157. Aeneadae: the followers of Aeneas, quae proxima: the nearest. 158. vertuntur: turn, middle voice. 159. secessu longo: deep inlet. 160. quibus: against 161. sinus which. in reductos: into receding waxes. 162. Hinc atque hinc: 148-153. This

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

On

.

the background, or set, in a

scopulis pendentibus:

fresh

=

in

water,

a threatening manner.

Roman

166. Fronte sub adversa:

shore.

theater;

.

is

164. turn:

wooded cliff,

hills

also,

as seen

scaena:

from the

as they enter the harbor,

167. aquae dulces:

rocks.

of natural rock.

morsu: fluke of an anchor; this not anchors, were used for mooring ships in

26

here, the

under the opposite

formed by overhanging

vivo... saxo:

nulla,

.

.

minantur: rise

either side,

is

168. vincula:

cables.

a spring of 169. non

an anachronism because large stones,

this era.

Liber

I

.

Hue septem Aeneas numero

ex

subit;

A

,

navibus omni

cdllectis

ac

magno

egressi optata potiuntur

telluris

170

amore jpi

Troes arena,

'

tabent^arms in litore ponynt. Ac primum silici scint|llam excupit Achates,

-tzt^s

cvj:>h

et sa[Q

suscepitque ignem

foTiis,

circum

atque

175

nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fornite^flammam.

Turn Cef^em corruptam undis Cei^ealiaque arma rerum, frugesque receptas ^ ^CroS>U\ torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo.

expediunt et

fessi

potiuntur. dat.

of

171. subit:

seeks shelter,

173. tabentes:

separation.

telluris:

ponunt:

dripping,

175. circum

From

170. septem:

'

nal twenty.

*

.

.

.

dedit:

Obj. gen. stretch.

Tmesis.

the

172. arena:

174.

silici:

origi-

Abl. with

from a

176. rapuit:

flint,

kindled.

and twigs. 177. Cererem: grain ox corn, by metonymy, Cerealia arma: implements of Ceres, i.e., cooking utensils.

fomite: tinder, i.e., leaves

corruptam: damaged.

178. fessi rerum: weary' of their troubles; gen. of spec'if\C3.iion. receptas: rescued. 179. torrere: roast or parch (before grinding), frangere: crush, as with a mortar

Aeneas and Achates

Go

Hunting

Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quern

180

iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremes,

arma

aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus

Navem

conspectu nullam,

in

Caici.

tres litore cervos

hos tota armenta sequiintur longum per valles pascitur agmen.

185

prospicit errantes;

a tergo, et

arcumque manu celeresque sagittas corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates; duetdresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentes Constitit hie,

sternit, turn vulgus, et

cornibus arboreis, miscet agens

nec prius

nemora

telis

inter frondea

omnem

190

turbam

quam septem ingentia victor humi, et numerum cum navibus

absistit,

corpora fundat

aequet.

Hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes. Vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes litore TrinacriO

dederatque abeuntibus heros,

dividit, et dictis

maerentia pectora mulcet:

195

,

Aeneas Encourages His Companions

“0

0

socii

— neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum —

passi graviora, dabit deus his

Vos

181. Anthea

quern

si

Greek noun.

branching antlers,

.

.

.

184. tres:

sternit:

agens:

193. humi:

on the ground;

in jars,

but he sees three. vulgus:

lays low.

drives

in

confusion.

syllables;

of Antheus; Anthea

with

common

herd.

Obj. of sternit 192. prius ...

synizesis.

— the

quam: (

Acestes:

=

O

passi graviora:

quoque:

of Scylla,

0 /50

,

on the eastern

now

O

as well as in the past.

again referring to the dogs of Scylla.

Sicilian;

things,

had

Sicily,

of

so called

deus...

200. Scyllaeam rabiem : the fury penitus sonantes: deep echoing,

and Charybdis, to which there are sevfrom the Odyssey.

Scylla

eral references in the Aeneid, are taken

28

king in

you (comrades) who suffered worse

side of the Strait of Messina,

tmesis.

until;

oneraverat):

A

Trojan descent, whose guests they had been. 196. Trinacrio: because the island is triangular in shape, heros: Acestes. 199.

is

190. cornibus arboreis:

195. cadis onerarat

locative.

Two

deinde:

200

videat: to see if he can see anything

191. miscet

stowed

quoque finem.

Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes

et

acc. of

'

Liber

I

accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopia saxa

expert!

revocate animos,

:

maestumque timorem

forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit.

mittite:

Per varies casus, per tot discrimina rerum

tendimus

in

ostendunt;

Latium, sedes ubi fata quietas illic

205

fas regna resurgere Tr5iae.

Durate,^et vosmet rebus servate secundis.” Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger

spem vultu Illi

simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.

praedae accingunt dapibusque futuris;

se

210

tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant;

pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt; litore

flammasque ministrant. revocant vires, fusique per herbam

aena locant

Turn victu

alii,

implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae.

215

Postquam exempta fames epulis mensaeque remotae, amissos long5 socios sermone requirunt, spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, sive extrema pati nec iam exaudire vocatos. Praecipue pius Aeneas nunc acris Oronti, nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum fata Lyci, fortemque Cyan, fortemque Cloanthum.

201. accestis pia saxa: /Ac rov^’5 o/Cjc/c/75, at the eastern

=

accessistis:

220

Syncope.

end of Sicily near Mount Etna.

Cyclo202. ex-

you have experienced. 203. mittite: banish, forsan iuvabit: perhaps we shall someday remember even our present troubles with pleasure: a famous

perti (estis):

.

204. casus:

verse.

discrimina rerum: perils of fortune. 206. fas (est): it is heaven's will that.

mishaps,

.

.

205. tendimus

we make our way. 207. vosmet: Emphatic form of vos. secundis: {more) favorable. 208. curis ... aeger: though sick at heart because of his troubles. 209. spem vultu simulat: puts on a hopeful look. 210. se accingunt: gird themselves, by adjusting their clothing; as we would say 211. tergora: From “roll up our sleeves.” dapibus futuris: the coming feast. tergus, hide, viscera: flesh; all below the skin is viscera. 212. pars = alii: Correlative with alii, 1. 213; hence pi. form of secant, veribus: From veru. trementia: (iter):

.

still

.

.

quivering,

reclining.

ferinae:

indicating

haste.

213. aena:

brazen caldrons.

215. implentur: take their fill; middle voice. venison.

Bacchi

216. exempta (est): (illos)

their

vivere credant:

was

214. fusi:

Bacchi: wine; metonymy,

and ferinae are gen. with a verb of plenty or of want. satisfied.

217. requirunt:

whether to think them

living.

speak regretfully.

218. seu

219. sive extrema pati:

or to

have suffered the last extremity, i.e., death, vocatos: when called, the funeral custom 221. secum: in his heart. 220. Oronti: Gen. sing. of calling the dead.

Liber

I

29

:

Venus Appeals

Et iam

cum

finis erat,

despiciens

to Jupiter in

Her Son’s Behalf

summo

luppiter aethere

mare velivolum terrasque

iacentes

225

litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli

Libyae defixit lumina regnis.

constitit, et

Atque ilium tMes iactantem pectore curas tristior et lacrimis

oculos suffusa nitentes

alloquitur Venus:

“O

qui res

hominumque deumque 230

aeternis regis imperils, et fulmine terres,

quid meus Aeneas in

committere tantum,

te

quid Trees potuere, quibus, tot funera passis, cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis? Certe hinc

Romanos

olim, volventibus annis,

hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, qui mare, qui terras

omni dicione

235

tenerent,

quae te, genitor, sententia vertit? Hoc equidem occasum Tr5iae tristesque ruinas

pollicitus:

solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens;

nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus act5s insequitur. Quern das finem, rex magne, laborum? Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis, Illyric5s penetrare sinus,

regna Liburnbrum,

240

atque intima tutus

fontem superare Timavi, unde per bra novem vastb cum murmure mentis it mare prbruptum et pelagb premit arva sonanti. 223. aethere

=

228. tristior:

loving.

oculos sufTusa:

voice.

231. quid :

i.e.,

245

summit of the sky. 111. iacsadder than usual; she is by nature laughter-

225. vertice caeli:

caelo.

tantem: pondering.

Italiam

et

at the

her eyes filled; oculos

is

acc. of specification with the pass,

great offense. Aeneas (potuit). 233. ob to prevent their reaching Italy. 234. hinc from them, Aeneas and his fol.

.

.

tantum:

what

(so)

:

lowers.

Romanos

a sanguine Teucri: 238. Hoc:

with

.

.

.

fore:

from

this

Indir. disc,

depending on

236. omni dicione:

Teucer's line restored.

(promise),

equidem:

I,

pollicitus (es).

in

balancing adverse fates with (better) fates (to come).

truth.

235. revocato with full sway.

239. fatis ... rependens

240. nunc: but now.

242. An-

The legend was that, after the fall of Troy, Antenor led a colony of Trojans from Asia Minor to the northern end of the Adriatic. 243. Illyricos ... sinus: Illyricum was a country on the east coast of the Adriatic, intima: remote, lying far up the gulf, tutus: in safety. 244. superare: to pass. 246. it mare proruptum: the flood (mare) comes bursting forth, i.e., the stream became subterranean and again tenor:

emerged, spreading out into a broad channel,

30

pelago

.

.

.

sonanti:

with roaring flood.

Liber

I

Hie tamen

ille

urbem Patavi sedesque locavit genti nomen dedit, armaque fixit

Teuerdrum, et Troia; nunc placida compostus pace

quiescit:

n5s, tua progenies, caeli quibus annuls arcem,

250

navibus (infandum!) amissis, unius ob iram

prOdimur atque Italis longe disiungimur 5ris. Hie pietatis honos? Sic n5s in sceptra rep5nis?’’ Jupiter Reveals the Destiny of Aeneas and of

Olli subridens

vultu

hominum

Rome

sator atque deorum,

quo caelum tempestatesque

255

serenat,

oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur:

“Parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum

urbem et promissa Lavini moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli cernes

fata tibi;

magnanimum Aenean; neque me Hie

tibi

(fabor enim, quando haec

te

Italia,

contundet, moresque tertia

dum

viris

cura remordet,

movebo)

longius et volvens fatorum arcana

bellum ingens geret

260

sententia vertit.

popul5sque feroces et moenia ponet,

Latio regnantem viderit aestas,

265

ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. 247. Patavi: 248. nomen:

positive. .

.

.

—

compostus (= compositus)

after his

caeli

.

.

.

death. Sic

.

.

Veneti.

i.e,,

.

.

.

now

quiescit:

wars and wanderings.

instead

up, a sign of peace.

of an

ap-

249. nunc

settled in tranquil peace, he enjoys rest

Emphatic, but we (Aeneas and

250. nos:

I),

arcem: you promise an abode in heaven; Aeneas was to be deified after his 251. unius: Juno. 253. Hie honos: Is this your reward for duty? .

.

hung

fixit:

Gen.

reponis:

254. Olli:

An

Is this the

way you

old form, for

illi;

.

.

(already promised).

restore us to our rule? dat. after subridens.

(=

256. dehinc:

Read as one

Spare your fear, i.e., Fear not. Cytherea: Venus, so called as she was said to have been bom from the foam of the 258. tibi: Ethical dat., sea near the island of Cythera, south of the Peloponnesus. 259. sublimem: on high, referring to best translated by the phrase as you wish. 261. Hie: //f’, Aeneas, tibi: Ethical dat., //7/wwj’c Aeneas’s deification (1. 250). 262. longius ... fatorum: and you. fabor: From for, fari. remordet: torments. syllable;

synizesis.

257. Parce metu

further unrolling the fates. institutions (laws, etc.)

hiberna

=

tres hiemes.

263. (in) Italia.

and build Rutulis

.

cities; .

.

I

264. mores

zeugma.

ponet:

in Italy.

will establish

266. terna

265. (in) Latio.

.

.

.

of the Rutulians. These Their leader was Turnus, Aeneas’s

subactis: after the conquest

were the enemies of Aeneas after he settled great opponent and rival (Book VIII).

Liber

metui):

31

;

At puer Ascanius, additur

—

nunc cognomen lulo

cui

Ilus erat,

dum

res stetit Ilia

:

—

regno

magnos volvendis mensibus orbes imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini transferet, et longam multa vi muniet Albam. triginta

270

centum totos regnabitur ann5s gente sub Hectorea, donee regina sacerdos, Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. Hie iam

ter

275

Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet moenia, Romanesque suo de nomine

dicet.

His ego nec metas rerum nec tempera pono

imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Iun5, quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, consilia in melius referet,

mecumque

280

fovebit

Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam sic

placitum.

cum domus

Veniet

labentibus aetas,

lustris

Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas

servitio premet, ac victis

285

dominabitur Argis.

The son of Aeneas; by

267. Ascanius:

in-

troducing the second name, lulus, Vergil connects the Julian family, and therefore the

Emperor Augustus, with Aeneas

(see Introduction, p. 12).

torea

=

1

5 miles southeast of

Rome, was

the

mother

Troiana: Hector had been the hope of Troy,

daughter of Numitor, a priestess of Vesta.

geminam:

rw/Vz,

...nutricis:

Romulus and Remus, partu

274.

dum

—

regno:

271. longam ... Albam:

while the Trojan state stood firm in royal power.

Longa, about

268.

city

of

Rome.

regina sacerdos:

Marte

Alba 273. Hec-

Rhea

gravis: pregnant

dabit: shall give birth

Silvia,

by Mars.

275. lupae

to.

well-known legend that Romulus and fulvo tegmine laetus exulting in the tawny robe, as

his wolf-nurse, referring to the

Remus were nursed by

a she-wolf.

:

though Romulus wore a wolfskin to commemorate his wolf-nurse. 276. excipiet: shall next rule. Mavortia moenia: the walls sacred to Mars, i.e., Rome, Romulus being the son of Mars. 281. consilia ... referet 279. Quin: Nay, even. shall change her plans for the better. 282. rerum dominos masters of the world, togatam: .

.

.

:

:

toga-wearing, symbolizing the greatness of the the garb

of peace.

labentibus:

Romans

283. sic (mihi) placitum (est):

as the years pass.

284.

domus Assaraci:

in civil affairs;

such i.e.,

is

my

the toga

pleasure,

lustris

the descendants of the

Trojans; Assaracus was one of the founders of the royal family of Troy.

The home of Achilles. Mycenas: The home of Agamemnon.

was

285. Argis:

Phthiam:

The home

of Diomedes.

Romans. is

This and the previous verse prophesy the conquest of Greece by the The device of working history, in the form of prophecy, into the narrative

used throughout the Aeneid to inspire national pride and patriotism.

32

Liber

I

Nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar, imperium 0cean5, famam qui terminet astris

Hunc

magn5 demissum nomen

a

lulius,

—

lulo.

tu olim cael5, spoliis Orientis

onustum,

vocabitur hie quoque votis.

accipies secura;

290

Aspera turn positis mitescent saecula bellis cana Fides, et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus, iura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus, saeva sedens super arma, et centum vinctus aenis post tergum nddis, fremet horridus ore cruento.”

295

Jupiter Sends Mercury to Carthage

Haec

ait, et

Maia genitum

demittit ab alt5,

ut terrae, utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces

hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia finibus arceret: volat

ille

Dido

per aera

remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus

Et iam iussa

facit,

magnum

300

astitit oris.

ponuntque ferocia Poeni

Emperor Augustus, bom Octavius, when adopted by Julius Caesar took the latter’s name and became C. Julius Caesar Octavianus. He was usually called Octavianus until the title Augustus was conferred upon him in 27 b.c. 286. Caesar;

287. qui terminet:

Milton says

in

Paradise Lost, XII. 370-371

and bound his reign With earth’s wide bounds, 288. lulius: Augustus; see note

on

1.

—

his glory with the heavens.

289. Orientis: Refers to the triumph of

286.

Augustus in the East after the battle of Actium in 31 b.c. 290. secura: dismissing all your fears, quoque: Augustus, as well as Aeneas, will be deified. 291. positis bellis: Abl. abs., and wars shall cease, referring to the Golden Age of Augustus. 292. cana: venerable. Fides, et Vesta: These represent the old religion which AugusQuirinus: The deified Romulus. 293. ferro ... artis tus endeavored to restore. .

with close-fitting bars

portae:

Of

times in

Roman

i.e.,

civil

the

of iron; hendiadys.

Temple of Janus, closed

294. Belli, Furor: Personification.

in times

of peace.

.

Belli

This was done only three

history, the last time being after the Battle of

Actium.

Furor impius:

war, which had lasted for a hundred years and was ended by Augustus.

295. vinctus: {with his hands) bound. 297.

Maia genitum: Maia' s

son. Mercury.

298. pateant: Primary sequence in a

purpose clause after the historical present, demittit. This changes to secondary in 301. remigio: oarage. 300. ille: he. Mercury, aera: acc. sing. 1. 300 (arceret). 302. facit:

Liber

I

executes,

ponunt

=

deponunt: lay aside.

33

quietum Teucros animum mentemque benignam.

corda volente deo; accipit in

in primis regina

Aeneas and Achates Meet Venus, Disguised as a Huntress

At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque

305

explorare novos, quas vento accesserit oras,

nam

qui teneant,

inculta videt,

hominesne feraene,

quaerere constituit, sociisque exacta referre.

convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umbris Classem

in

occulit;

ipse

bina

manu

310

uno graditur comitatus Achate,

lato crispans hastilia ferro.

Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva virginis os habitumque gerens, et virginis arma

315

Spartanae, vel qualis equos Threissa fatigat

Harpalyce, volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum.

Namque

umeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum

venatrix, dederatque

comam

diffundere ventis,

nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentes. Ac prior, “Heus,” inquit, “iuvenes, monstrate mearum vidistis si

quam

320

hie errantem forte sororum,

succinctam pharetra

maculosae tegmine

et

lyncis,

aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem.” Sic

Venus;

et

Depends on

306. exire:

quaerere. 309. exacta:

Veneris contra

308. videt:

307. accesserit:

constituit.

Long

e\

referre:

312. Achate: Abl. of agent with ab omitted.

315. gerens:

hominesne

diastole.

what he had discovered,

broad iron head.

wearing

question, obj. of

Indir.

=

utrum ... an. Means both bring back and tell.

313. bina

314. Cui... obvia: His mother

having

325

sic filius orsus:

=

feraene

duo.

came across

lato

.

his path,

.

.

ferro:

with

x.c.^mQihxm.

arms; zeugma. 316. Spartanae ... Harpalyce: either of Sparta, or such a one as Harpalyce, the Thracian maid, when she tires her steed. Harpalyce was a famous huntress; Spartan maidens were skilled in sports and gymnastic exercises. 317. praevertitur: outstrips. 318. de more: i.e., as venatrix. 320. nuda genu: her knees bare; genu is acc. the

look,

the

dress,

bearing

the

nodoque. fluentes: and the flowing folds of her mantle gathered in a knot, collecta is middle voice. 321. prior: first, monstrate ... si tell me, if you have seen. 325. contra orsus (est): began to speak in reply; orsus is from of specification,

.

.

:

.

.

.

ordior.

34

Liber

I

— vultus 0 quam memorem, virgo? Namque baud — mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat: O, dea an Phoebi soror? an nympharum sanguinis una? — “Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum te

tibi

certe

nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem, et, quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris iactemur, doceas. Ignari hominumque locorumque erramus, vento hue vastis et fluctibus acti multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra.”

330

sis felix,

Venus Describes Dido’s Flight from Tyre

Turn Venus: “Haud equidem virginibus Tyriis

purpureoque Punica regna

m5s

est gestare

alte suras vincire

tali

me

dignor honore;

335

pharetram,

cothurno.

Agenoris urbem;

vides, Tyrios et

sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello.

Impefium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta, germanum fugiens. Longa est iniuria, longae ambages; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum. “Huic coniunx Sychaeus erat, ditissimus agri Phoenicum, et magn5 miserae dilectus amore,

340

cui pater intactam dederat, primisque iugarat

345

Sed regna Tyri germanus habebat

ominibus.

326. audita (est).

rem, virgo:

By what name am

mihi: Dat. of agent,

I to call you,

maiden?

me. 328. nec

quam

327. .

.

.

te

memo-

sonat: nor does

your voice have a mortal sound; cognate acc. 329. an ... an: are you then ... or. Phoebi soror: Diana, goddess of hunting, sanguinis = generis. 330. sis felix: be gracious to us. 331. tandem: pray. quaecumque (es). 332. locorumque: -que is elided before erramus in the next line; this is called hypermetric verse or 334. multa

synapheia.

Haud

.

.

.

hostia

:

many a

victim.

do not deem myself worthy of. honore: Abl. after dignor. 337. cothurno: hunting boot, reaching halfway to the knee. 338. Punica Libyci: The kingdom is Phoenician, the people are Tyrians (from Tyre); Agenor 335.

.

.

.

.

.dignor:

7 confess 1

.

341. gerwas the founder of Tyre; the lands which they see are Libyan (African). manum: her brother, Pygmalion. 342. ambages: the details, fastigia: the chief amore: greatly points. 344. magno 343. agri: in land, gen. of specification. primis loved by the unhappy {Dido). 345. intactam: her, when a maiden, .

.

.

.

ominibus:

Liber

I

with first

marriage

rites,

iugarat

=

iugaverat.

35

.

.

:

:

Pygmalion, scelere ante alios immanior omnes.

Quos

medius venit

inter

furor.

Ille

Sychaeum

impius ante aras, atque auri caecus amore,

clam ferro incautum superat, securus amorum germanae; factumque diu celavit, et aegram, multa malus simulans, vana spe lusit amantem. Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imag5 coniugis, ora

modis

350

attollens pallida miris,

355

crudeles aras traiectaque pectora ferr5

caecumque domus scelus omne retexit. Turn celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet, nudavit,

auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit thesauros, igndtum argenti

His

pondus

et auri.

commota fugam Did5 sociosque

360

parabat:

conveniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat; naves, quae forte paratae, corripiunt, onerantque auro

portantur avari :

Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina

facti.

Devenere loc5s, ubi nunc ingentia cernes moenia surgentemque novae Karthaginis arcem, mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam, taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo. Sed VOS qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab quove tenetis iter?” Quaerenti talibus ille suspirans,

365

oris,

370

imoque trahens a pectore vocem

347. ante

more monstrous than caecus:

the Penates,

the

348.

all others.

355. aras,

357. celerare:

Inf. to

358. auxilium viae: co/Zec/ci/

facti

:

a

PI.

to help

for

sing.

the leader

nere locos: They landed at a place.

i.e.,

of

Because

353. inhumati:

(ei)

laid

in translation

bare;

zeugma.

supply

ei, her.

360. parabat: prepared for flight and

quibus ... erat: those who felt,

362. forte paratae (sunt):

woman was

omnes

.

349. aras:

356. nudavit:

poetic usage;

her on her way. 361.

heedless.

.

the spirit returned to haunt the place of the

show purpose, a

comrades; zeugma.

the tyrant, obj. gen.

femina

pectora:

He, Pygmalion.

350. securus:

blinded.

body of Sychaeus was “unburied,”

crime.

Ille:

.

chanced

to

tyranni: for

be ready.

of the expedition, a famous phrase.

364.

dux

365. Deve-

367. mercati (sunt): they bought land.

Byrsam: story was that they were promised as much land as they could cover with an ox hide; whereupon they shrewdly cut the hide into very thin strips, made a long cord of it, and managed to inclose a wide area. The Greek word means hide. 369. vos

The

(estis).

370.

(ei)

36

Quaerenti talibus (verbis): In reply to such

inquiries.

Liber

I

Aeneas Tells Their Sad Story

“0

prima repetens ab origine pergam, et vacet annales nostrbrum audire laborum, ante diem claus5 componat Vesper Olympo. dea,

si

Nos Troia

antiqua,

Troiae nomeri

iit,

si

vestras forte per aures

375

diversa per aequora vectos

forte sua Libycis tempestas appulit oris.

Sum

pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates

veh5 mecum, fama super aethera n5tus. Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab love summ5. Bis denis Phrygium conscendi navibus aequor, matre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus; vix septem convulsae undis Euroque supersunt. Ipse ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro, Europa atque Asia pulsus.” Nec plura querentem passa Venus medi5 sic interfata dolore est:

classe

380

385

Venus Reveals Herself and Covers Aeneas and Achates with a Cloud

“Quisquis

es,

baud, credo, invisus caelestibus auras

Tyriam qui adveneris urbem. Perge modo, atque hinc te reginae ad limina

Vitales carpis,

Namque

tibi

perfer.

reduces soci5s classemque relatam

390

nuntiO, et in tutum versis aquilonibus actam, ni frustra

372.

si

.

.

augurium vani docuere parentes.

.pergam:

if I should tell all

from

the very beginning;

a should-would

Olympo: before {Ifinished), evening would close the day and shut the gates of Heaven. 315. Troia from Troy (with vectos). 377. forte sua: by some chance (lit., by its own chance), oris = ad 373. vacet: there were time.

condition.

374. ante ...

:

oras,

poetic

379. super

usage.

in

heaven

above.

380. patriam ..

and my kin sprung from sovereign Jove. Dardanus, son of Jupiter and the founder of Troy, came from Italy. 381. denis = decern.

summo:

383. vix

the land of

.

.

.

my

aethera:

supersunt:

384. Ipse (ego).

ancestors

Not

“scarcely seven’’ but seven barely survive after the storm.

385. (ex) Europa.

Nec

.

.

.

passa: would allow him to utter no more

complaints, but.

387. baud ... invisus :

not hateful;

litotes,

auras ... carpis :

you breathe

the

390. Namque: i.e., fear not, for. breath of life. 389. Perge modo: Only go on. 391. in tutum: into a safe port, versis aquilonibus: by a reduces: Adj., returned.

change of winds.

Liber I

392. vani

:

deceiving me.

docuere (me).

37

.

Aspice bis senos laetantes agmine cycnos, aetheria quos lapsa plaga lovis ales aperto turbabat caelo; nunc terras ordine longo

395

aut capere, aut captas iam despectare videntur: ut reduces et

ludunt stridentibus

ill!

alls,

coetu cinxere polum, cantusque dedere,

baud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum aut portum tenet aut pleno subit ostia velo. Perge modo, et, qua te ducit via, dirige gressum.”

400

Dixit, et avertens rosea cervice refulsit,

ambrosiaeque comae divinum yertice odorem spiravere, pedes vestis defluxit ad imos, et

vera incessu patuit dea.

agnovit,

fugientem

tali

“Quid natum

est

Ille

ubi

matrem

405

voce secutus:

totiens, crudelis tu

quoque,

falsis

Cur dextrae iungere dextram

ludis imaginibus?

non datur, ac veras audire et reddere v5ces?’’ Talibus incusat, gressumque ad moenia tendit: at Venus obscuro gradientes aere saepsit, et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu,

410

cernere ne quis eos, neu quis contingere posset,

moram, aut veniendi poscere

mdlirive

Paphum

Ipsa

causas.

415

sublimis abit, sedesque revisit

laeta suas, ubi

templum

illi,

centumque Sabaeo

ture calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant. 393. Aspice

.

.

.

cycnos:

from the movements of the swans, birds sacred laetantes agmine: in a joyous band (lit., taking Joy in their orderly array). to her. 394. aetheria plaga from the region of the sky. lapsa swooping, like the storm winds. lovis ales: the eagle. 395. turbabat: was (just now) scattering, nunc... videntur: but now we see them in a long line either settling upon the earth, or looking down on the spots where their companions have alighted. 399. baud aliter: in the same way: litotes. 402. avertens: as she turned to go. 403. ambrosiae: Food of the gods and a divine unguent, vertice = capite. odorem: fragrance. 405. incessu: by her stately walk, patuit: she revealed herself dea. Ille: Hiatus. 406. fugientem (earn). 407. Quid: Why; neut. acc. as adv. quoque: like the rest. 409. (mihi) non

Venus

tells

the fortune of the ships

.

.

:

.

:

—

=

datur

non

Achates,

phum

:

to

on high.

410. Talibus (verbis).

licet.

aere:

cloud or mist.

Paphos, 416.

in

412. circum ... fudit:

Cyprus, center of Venus worship,

templum

(est).

Aeneas and enveloped; tmesis. 415. Pa-

411. gradientes (eos):

Sabaeo:

A

i.e.,

sublimis: through the upper air,

town famous

for

its

spices.

417. sertis

.

.

.

halant: breathe the fragrance offresh-gathered garlands.

38

Liber

I

Aeneas and Achates

Make

Their

Way

to Carthage

Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat.

lamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet, adversasque aspectat desuper arces.

420

Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumque

et strata

viarum.

Instant ardentes Tyrii, pars ducere mur5s,

mdlirique arcem

et

manibus subvolvere saxa,

pars optare locum tecto

et

iura magistratusque legunt hie portus

alii

effodiunt;

fundamenta locant

425

concludere sulc5;

sanctumque senatum;

hie alta theatri

immanesque columnas

alii,

rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris. They hasten on 419. plurimus ... imminet: looms high over. 418. Corripuere viam:

their

w'ay

(lit.,

have seized the way).

molem: vast structures, magalia quondam: lately but rude huts. 422. strata viarum: paved streets. 425. sulco: a trench, to receive the foundations. 426. legunt: They enact laws and choose magistrates; zeugma. 427. hie hie: in one place ... in another. 429. scaenis: stage. .

.

.

421.

— 430

Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura

cum

exercet sub sole labor,

educunt

fetus, aut

cum

gentis adultos

liquentia mella

stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas,

aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto

435

ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella. “0 fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!” Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis. Infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu,

per medios, miscetque

viris,

neque cernitur

440

ulli.

Aeneas and Achates View the Temple at Carthage

Lucus

urbe

in

quo primum

fuit

media, laetissimus umbrae,

undis

iactati

effodere loco signum,

et turbine

quod

regia

monstrarat, caput acris equi;

egregiam

et facilem victu

sic

Poeni

luno

nam

fore bell5

445

per saecula gentem.

Hie templum Iun5ni ingens Sidonia Did5 condebat, donis opulentum et numine divae, aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina, nexaeque aere trabes, foribus cardo stridebat aenis. Hoc primum in luc5 nova res oblata timorem 430. Qualis labor like the description

=

talis

450

labor qualis:

Book

of the bees in Vergil’s

IV.

A

well-known

nova: early.

431. ex-

434. venientum: Gen.pl.; prose form would be venientium.

ercet: busies.

435. ignavum ... pecus:

facto:] marshaling their forces.

O

to fucos.

437.

439. dictu:

Abl. supine.

fortunati:

Aeneas, the

exile,

simile,

agmine

a lazy brood, appositive

envies the busy Carthaginians.

440. miscet (se) viris: mingles with the throng,

ulli:

Dat.

of agent, a poetic usage. 441. laetissimus umbrae: rich in shade. landing.

443. signum: omen.

ited steed,

i.e.,

warhorse.

A

442. quo:

With

loco,

primum:

i.e,,

on

= monstraverat. acris equi: spircommon on Punic coins, sic nam fore

444. monstrarat

horse’s head

is

Depends on the idea of telling in monstrarat for {by this token she had assured them that). The horse was a sign both of war and of wealth. 445. fa.

.

.

gentem:

cilem victu: prosperous

and

(lit.,

the presence

easy

in

getting food).

447. donis ... divae:

448. aerea of the goddess. was the threshold which crowned its steps; bronze-bound, their grating hinges were of bronze; 1. 448 is hypermetric.

offerings

40

.

.

.

aenis:

rich with

Emphatic, bronze

too, the posts;

the doors with

Liber

I

hie

leniit,

primum Aeneas

sperare salutem

melius confidere rebus.

ausus, et

afflictis

Namque

sub ingenti lustrat

dum

singula templo,

reginam opperiens, dum, quae fortuna

manus

artificumque

inter se

urbi,

sit

operumque laborem

455

miratur, videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas,

fama t5tum vulgata per orbem, Priamumque, et saevum ambobus Achillem.

bellaque iam Atridas,

“Quis iam

Constitit, et lacrimans,

quae regio

in terris nostri

En Priamus!

locus,’' inquit,

n5n plena

“Achate,

460

laboris?

Sunt hie etiam sua praemia laudi;

mentem mortalia tangunt. Solve metus; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem.’’ Sic ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani, sunt lacrimae rerum et

multa gemens, largdque umectat flumine vultum.

Temple Murals of

Namque

the Trojan

465

War

videbat uti bellantes Pergama circum

hac fugerent Grai, premeret Troiana iuventus, hac Phryges, instaret curru cristatus Achilles.

Nec

procul hinc Rhesi niveis tentoria veils

agnoscit lacrimans, prim5 quae prddita

somn5

470

Tydides multa vastabat caede cruentus. 452. ausus (est). gula:

the various objects, one

by one.

454. quae ...

sit:

Indir. question,

453. sin-

depending

on miratur. se: he admires and compares the artists' handiwork. 455. artificum operum laborem: the finish of their work. 456. Iliacas: around Troy. 458. Atridas: Agamemnon and Menelaus. saevum ambobus Achillem: Achilles, angry at both; Agamemnon had offended him, and Priam was his enemy. The first words of the 461. En Priamus: See, there Iliad are: “Sing, O Muse, of the wrath of Achilles.” is Priam! laudi: Worth finds its due reward; suns often, as here, refers to the Sunt .

.

.

.

.

.

subject of the thought, not the subject of the verb.

462. sunt

.

.

.

rerum: here are

465. flumine: flood of tears.

tears for misfortune.

466. uti: how, with indir. question.

Pergama circum

=

circum Pergama: Anas-

Phryges 469. Nec procul hinc: in the next picture. Rhesus was a Thracian king (fugerent). who came as an ally to Priam.. An oracle had declared that Troy could never be taken 470. primo by the Greeks if Rhesus’ horses should taste Trojan grass and water. trophe.

467. hac

.

.

.

hac:

in

one picture ...

in

the

next.

468.

(uti)

somno: which betrayed by earliest (deepest) sleep. 471. Tydides: Diomedes, who with Ulysses killed Rhesus on the night of his arrival and seized his horses. .

.

.

Liber

I

41

ardentesque avertit equos in castra, priusquam

pabula gustassent Troiae Xanthumque bibissent. Parte alia fugiens amissis Troilus armis, infelix

475

puer atque impar congressus Achilli,

fertur equis,

curruque haeret resupinus inani,

lora tenens tamen;

huic cervixque

comaeque trahuntur

per terram, et versa pulvis inscribitur hasta.

templum non aequae Palladis ibant Iliades passis, peplumque ferebant,

Interea ad

crinibus

480

suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis;

diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat.

Ter circum Iliacos raptaverat Hectora muros, exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles. Turn vero ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici,

485

tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermes. Se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis, Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma. Ducit Amazonidum lunatis agmina peltis Penthesilea furens, mediisque in milibus ardet, aurea subnectens exsertae cingula bellatrix,

audetque

viris

490

mammae,

concurrere virgo.

Xanthum: A river near Troy. 474. Parte alia: In another picture. Troilus: Youngest son of Priam. 475. impar ... Achilli: no match for Achilles, congressus is the participle. 478. versa: “point downwards,” hence 473. gustassent

trailing,

=

Long

pulvis:

aequae: unfriendly.

women

ary for

gustavissent.

in

/,

479. Interea:

diastole.

in

i.e.,

another picture,

non

480. crinibus ... passis: with disheveled locks, as was custom-

mourning,

peplum:

The

robe, richly embroidered, like

that

carried in solemn procession to Minerva’s temple in Athens at the Panathenaic festival.

481. tunsae pectora:

middle voice.

482. diva:

i.e.,

smiting their breasts;

her statue,

vendebat: Note the change of tenses acc.

is

the obj. of tunsae,

on the ground.

483. raptaverat,

— he had dragged

it

currum, for metrical reasons.

489. Eoas:

.

.

.

and was

ransom which Priam paid had been dragged around the walls of Troy.

484. auro: for gold, the

body, after

=

solo:

pectora

from

the East,

nigri:

488. Se:

Aeneas,

Hectora:

selling.

to Achilles for Hector’s

486. ut: when,

quoque:

in

currus

another picture.

Memnon, son of Aurora, brought the His arms were made by Vulcan. 490. Ama-

swarthy;

Ethiopians (Eoas acies) to aid Troy.

zonidum: The Amazons also aided Troy. 491. Penthesilea: Queen of the Amazons, slain by Achilles, after she had killed many Greek heroes. 492. aurea mammae: .

clasping her golden belt beneath her bared breast. the

493. virgo:

.

.

though a maiden; at

end of the sentence for emphasis.

42

Liber

I

Dido Arrives

at the

Temple

Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda

dum

videntur,

obtutuque haeret defixus in un5, regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, stupet,

incessit

magna iuvenum

495

stipante caterva.

Qualis in Eurdtae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi exercet

Diana chords, quam

mille secutae

hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades;

pharetram

ilia

500

umerd, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes: Latdnae taciturn pertemptant gaudia pectus:

fert

talis erat

Didd, talem se laeta ferebat

per medids, instans operi regnisque futuris.

Turn foribus divae, media testudine templi,

505

saepta armis, solidque alte subnixa resedit.

lura dabat legesque partibus aequabat

cum

operumque labdrem

viris,

aut sorte trahebat:

iustis,

subitd Aeneas concursu accedere

magnd

Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum, Teucrdrumque alids, ater quds aequore turbd

510

dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat dras.

Obstipuit simul ipse simul percussus Achates

metuque; avidi coniungere dextras ardebant; sed res animds incognita turbat. Dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem qud litore linquant, quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, laetitiaque

drantes veniam, et

templum clamdre petebant. 495. obtutu

496. forma: talis:

515

Abl. of specification.

Just as ... such.

.

.

.

uno: he stands riveted with gaze unbroken.

497. stipante:

499. exercet ... chores:

498. Qualis...

accompanying.

leads her dancing bands,

quam

501. gradiens: 500. Oreades: Mountain nymphs. whose train. as she walks. 502. Latonae pectus: joy thrills Latona's quiet heart; Latona was 505. foribus ddii. the mother of Diana and Apollo. 504. instans: urging on, 506. armis: divae: at the doorway of the goddess's shrine, testudine: vault ov arch.

...secutae:

in

.

armed men; statutes.

metonymy,

509. concursu: o

.

.

subnixa:

resting

on.

of Carthaginians.

507. lura

.

.

.

leges:

510. Anthea: Acc.

Laws

.

.

.

512. penitus:

the strangeness of the situation. 515. res ... incognita: (ad) oras. far away, 516. Dissimulant: They remain hidden in the cloud, speculantur: they watch to see, 518. lecti: chosen men, as envoys. followed by indir. question. 517. quae (sit).

519. orantes veniam: asking for mercy ov favor.

Liber

I

43

The Speech of

Ilioneus to

Dido

520

Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit: “O regina, novam cui condere luppiter urbem iustitiaque dedit gentes frenare superbas,

maria omnia vecti, oramus, prohibe infandos a navibus ignes,

Troes

te miseri, ventis

parce pi5 generi,

525

propius res aspice nostras.

et

Non

nos aut ferr5 Libycds populare Penates venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas;

non ea

animo, nec tanta superbia

vis

victis.

Est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,

530

terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae;

nunc fama mindres duels de nomine gentem.

Oenotri coluere Italiam dixisse

Hie cursus

cum

viri;

fuit:

subitd assurgens fluctu nimbosus Oridn

535

vada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus austris perque undas, superante salo, perque invia saxa dispulit; hue pauci vestris annavimus oris. Quod genus hoc hominum? Quaeve hunc tarn barbara mdrem 540 permittit patria? Hospitio prohibemur arenae; in

bella cient,

primaque vetant consistere

terra.

copia fandi: the privilege of speaking; fandi is the gerund 521. maximus (natu) //?e placido ... pectore: with calm dignity.

520. introgressi (sunt),

of for,

fari.

:

522. condere ... dedit: gentes:

pius.

.

i.e., .

has granted to found.

the neighboring Libyan tribes.

poetical expression of purpose. violence

is foreign

530. Hesperiam

ern land —

.

Italy,

our nature,

to .

.

dicunt:

Penates: victis:

homes.

527. populare:

526. proto ravage;

529. non ... animo (est):

such

Dat. of possession; supply est in translation.

called by the Greeks Hesperia,

where the Trojans

carried over.

524. vecti:

look more carefully on our condition.

nostras:

with righteous rule.

523. iustitia:

i.e.,

will eventually land.

evening land or west-

531. ubere glaebae:

the

532. Oenotri: The early poetic name for Italy was Oenotria, of the soil. meaning wine-land, fama (est). 534. Hie cursus fuit: Here was pur course. This and other incomplete verses would probably have been finished if Vergil had lived. 535. assurgens: rising. Orion was often called stormy, but usually in connection fertility

with setting at the beginning of winter. 537. superante salo:

536.

tulit (nos),

Abl. abs., as the sea overpowered

procacibus: us.

pauci: only a few of us. oris = ad oras. 539. Quod: What sort arenae: We were denied even the welcome of the beach. .

.

.

44

boisterous.

538. dispulit (nos),

of

540. Hospitio

541. vetant (nos).

Liber

I

Si

humanum

genus

at sperate

“Rex

mortalia temnitis arma,

et

deos memores fandi atque nefandi.

Aeneas nobis, qu5 iustior alter nec pietate fuit, nec hello maior et armis. Quern si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura aetheria, neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris, non metus; ofTicid nec te certasse priorem erat

Sunt

paeniteat.

545

regionibus urbes

et Siculis

arvaque, Troianoque a sanguine clarus Acestes.

Quassatam et silvis si

550

ventis liceat subducere classem,

aptare trabes

et stringere

datur Italiam, sociis

et

remos:

rege receptd,

Latiumque petamus; sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optime Teucrum, pontus habet Libyae, nec spes iam restat luli, tendere, ut Italiam laeti

at freta Sicaniae saltern

555

sedesque paratas,

unde hue advecti, regemque petamus Acesten.” Dido Welcomes

llioneus

and the Other Trojans

Talibus llioneus; cuncti simul ore fremebant

Dardanidae.

560

Turn breviter Dido, vultum demissa, profatur: “Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas.

Res dura

regni novitas

et

me

talia

edgunt

mdliri, et late fines custdde tueri.

=

543. at sperate

exspectate:

at least expect that, followed

by

indir. discourse;

wrong. 544. quo: Abl. of comparison. 546. vescitur aura: he lives (lit., he feeds on the air of this w'orld). 547. umbris: shades of the dead. 548. non metus (nobis est): there is no need for us to fear. officio paeniteat: do not regret having been the first in the rivalry of kindness. 552. aptare. .remos: 549. Sunt (nobis). 551. liceat (nobis): may we be allowed. to fashion planks and trim (the houghs for) oars. 553. (ut) si (nobis) datur: .so that, if we are permitted, recepto: Applies to both sociis and rege. 554. tendere (iter). luli: our hope in lulus no 556. nec spes 555. absumpta (est): is entirely gone. longer exists; luli, obj. gen. 558. advecti (sumus). regem: as our future king. fremebant: with one accord murmured assent or applauded. 559. simul vultum is object of demissa (middle 561. vultum demissa: with downcast look; moliri: adopt such measures, i.e., voice). 563. Res dura: Stern necessity, talia supply

esse, fandi

.

.

.

.

.

nefandi:

right

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Liber

I

.

.

.

the attempts to

.

keep the Trojans from landing.

.

.

564. custode: soldiery, collectively.

45

Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem,

565

virtutesque virosque, aut tanti incendia belli?

Non

obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni,

nec tarn aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe.

Seu VOS Hesperiam magnam Saturniaque arva, sive Erycis fines regemque optatis Acesten, auxilio tOtos dimittam, opibusque iuvabd.

570

mecum pariter considere regnis? Urbem quam statuo vestra est, subducite naves; Vultis et his

Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. Atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem

Equidem per

adforet Aeneas!

dimittam si

575

litora cert5s

Libyae lustrare extrema iubebo,

et

quibus eiectus

silvis

aut urbibus errat.”

The Sudden Appearance of Aeneas and Achates

His et

animum

arrecti dictis et fortis

Achates

iamdudum erumpere nubem

pater Aeneas

580

Aenean compellat Achates: quae nunc animo sententia surgit?

Prior

ardebant.

“Nate dea,

Omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos. Onus abest, medio in fluctu quern vidimus ipsi submersum;

dictis

Vix ea fatus scindit se

erat,

nubes

respondent cetera matris.”

cum circumfusa

et in

repente

aethera purgat apertum.

Aeneas claraque

Restitit

585

in luce refulsit,

Aeneadum: Gen. pi., Trojans generally. 566. virtutesque virosque: the valorous deeds of its brave men; hendiadys. 567. obtusa adeo: so dull or blunted. 568. tarn aversus urbe: so far from our Tyrian city, i.e., we are not so far out of the world. 569. Saturnia: of Saturn; in the Golden Age, Saturn was king in Latium. 570. Erycis fines: i.e., Sicily, in which stood Mt. Eryx, famed for its temple of Venus; it was named after Eryx, a Sicilian king who was the son of Venus and Butes. 571. auxilio tutos: guarded by an escort, opibus: supplies of food and money. 572. Vultis et: Or would you like. 574. mihi: Dat. of agent. 575. Noto = vento. 576. adforet: were here. Equidem: I will, in fact, certos: trusty messen565.

.

578.

gers.

579.

si:

animum:

.

if,

.

by chance,

Acc. of specification.

vocative; dea, abl. of source.

storm

(1.

1

13).

585. dictis:

...apertum: melts

46

eiectus: shipwrecked.

582. Nate dea:

584. Unus:

Lines 390-400.

into thin air;

aethera

is

Goddess-born;

Only one, Orontes, who was 586. circumfusa: acc. sing.

encircling.

588. Restitit:

nate

is

lost in the

587. in

stood forth.

Liber

I

namque

os umerOsque de5 similis;

ipsa

decoram

caesariem nat5 genetrix Itimenque iuventae

purpureum

590

hondres:

et laetos oculis afflarat

quale mantis addunt ebori decus, aut ubi flavo

argentum Pariusve

lapis

circumdatur aur5.

Aeneas’s Gratitude

Turn

sic

reginam alloquitur, cunctisque repehte

improvisus

ait:

“Cdram, quern

quaeritis,

adsum,

595

Troius Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis.

0

sola infandos Troiae miserata labdres,

quae nos, reliquias Danaum, terraeque marisque omnibus exhaustos iam casibus, omnium egenos,

dom5

urbe,

non opis

socias, grates persolvere dignas

est nostrae.

gentis Dardaniae,

600

Dido, nec quicquid ubique

magnum quae

est

sparsa per orbem.

qua pios respectant numina, si quid usquam iustitia est et mens sibi conscia recti, praemia digna ferant. Quae te tarn laeta tulerunt saecula? Qui tanti talem genuere parentes? In freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbrae

Di

tibi, si

lustrabunt convexa, polus

dum

605

sidera pascet,

semper bonds ndmenque tuum laudesque manebunt, quae me cumque vocant terrae.” Sic fatus, amicum

610

Ilionea petit dextra, laevaque Serestum,

post alids, fortemque

Cyan fortemque Cloanthum.

589. os umerosque: Acc. of specification,

.

.

.

591. laetos oculis

V^enus,

trix:

.

.

.

deo: Dat. with adj. similis.

honores: bright luster

in his eyes.

590. gene592. quale

decus: as when an artist's skill lends grace to ivory.

594. cunctis: 598. quae: '^\{\\

Dat. of agent. socXiiS.,

Greeks; compare with

1.

597. sola

who make 30.

.

us partners

600. urbe,

601. non opis est:

asyndeton.

.

.

in.

reliquias

domo: Abl. of place where; supply

not within our power,

it is

who alone have pitied. Danaum: those left hv the

miserata: you

nec

.

.

tua

orbem: nor

.

—

is it

power of whatever of the Trojan race still survives on earth. 603. Di tibi the repay ferant: May gods you. si quid recti: if justice and consciousness of right have any weight. 605. tulerunt: has produced. 606. talem: such a child. within the

.

.

.

607.

=

.

dum

honor,

cumque

Liber

I

.

as long as.

:

.

montibus

.

.

.

convexa

.

:

.

the mountain valleys.

tuum: Modifies honos, nomen, and laudes. 611. Ilionea: Acc. sing. me: Tmesis.

609. honos

610.quaemecumque = quae-

.

47

Dido Welcomes the Trojans

Obstipuit primo aspectu Sidonia Dido,

casu deinde

“Quis

te,

ore locuta est:

viri tanto, et sic

615

nate dea, per tanta pericula casus

immanibus applicat oris? Tune ille Aeneas, quern Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam? Atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona venire finibus expulsum patriis, nova regna petentem insequitur?

Quae

vis

auxilio Beli; genitor turn Belus

620

opimam

vastabat Cyprum, et victor dicione tenebat.

Tempore iam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis Troianae ndmenque tuum regesque Pelasgi. Ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat,

625

seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe volebat.

Quare agite, O tectis, iuvenes, succedite nostris. Me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores iactatam hac

Non

demum

voluit consistere terra.

630

ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco.”

The Reception and Feast

for the Trojans

memorat; simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul divum templis indicit honorem. Nec minus interea sociis ad litora mittit Sic

613. primo aspectu

by the hero's presence; aspectu is abl. of cause. 615. Quis ... casus: what chance; quis is used as an interrog. adj. 616. vis: force alluding to the native tribes. 617. Tune(es): Are you? offate, immanibus: Dardanio Anchisae: Hiatus; the verse is spondaic. 619. equidem: /, in fact. Teucrum: Teucer (not the mythical ancestor of the Trojans), son of Telamon and nephew of Priam; on his return from Troy he was expelied from his native Salamis by his father. He apparently stopped at Sidon on his way to Cyprus where he built a new city. Sidona: Greek acc., m 5'/V/o/7. 621. Beli: Dido’s father. 623. Tempore illo: from that time until now. 624. reges Pelasgi: Greek kings, especially Agamemnon and Menelaus. 625. hostis: though an enemy; Teucer had fought .

.

against

.

.

.

viri: first

.

626. volebat:

the Trojans.

like yourselves.

630.

help those in trouble, a 632. divum:

Gen.

Non...

famous pi.

disco:

claimed.

No

627. agite:

come!

628. quoque:

stranger to sufi'ering, 1 have learned to

verse.

indicit

honorem:

orders a sacrifice.

633.

Nec minus:

with no less zeal; litotes.

48

Liber

I

viginti taur5s,

magnorum

centum cum matribus agnos,

terga suum, pingues

munera laetitiamque At domus interior instruitur,

horrentia centum

635

dii.

regali splendida luxu

mediisque parant convivia

tectis:

arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo,

ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in aur5

patrum,

fortia facta

640

rerum

series longissima

per tot ducta vir5s antiqua ab origine gentis.

Aeneas Sends Achates to the Ships to Bring Ascanius and Gifts

Aeneas (neque enim patrius c5nsistere mentem passus amor) rapidum ad naves praemittit Achaten, Ascanid ferat haec, ipsumque ad moenia ducat; omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis.

Munera

645

praeterea, Iliads erepta minis,

auroque rigentem, et circumtextum croceo velamen acantho, ornatus Argivae Helenae, quos ilia Mycenis, Pergama cum peteret inconcessosque hymenaeos extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile d5num pallam

ferre iubet,

signis

praeterea sceptrum, Ilione

quod

gesserat olim,

635. suum: Gen. gifts to gladden the day;

Used

hendiadys.

as an adv., sumptuously.

Roman

house.

639. (sunt) arte

dered and of royal purple. tables, caelata: embossed. 644. rapidum: discourse,

(bidding him)

648. pallam: o

hendiadys.

As an for

pi.

An

dii:

638. mediis .

.

.

.

superbo:

640. ingens

.

.

.

women,

ipsum: signis

of sus.

636. munera laetitiamque:

old form of .

.

tectis:

diei.

637. splendida:

in the central hall, as in

a

there are coverlets exquisitely embroi-

mensis: a w ealth of silver plate upon the

adv., with full speed. report,

650

645. ferat:

Ascanius.

auroque:

A command

646. stat:

is

in indir.

centered

in.

with figures woven in gold {^thread);

649. circumtextum ... acantho: with a border ofyellow acanthus leaves;

from the shape of the leaf), was a favorite plant 650. orwith artists; its leaves figure in architecture on the Corinthian capital. natus: Acc. pi., in apposition. Argivae: Grecian. Mycenis: Helen went from Sparta to Troy, but Mycenae is prominent as the city of Agamemnon, leader of the Greeks. hymenaeos: marriage, peteret: Long final e, diastole, 651. Pergama = Troiam. 653. Ilione: Eldest daughter 652. Ledae: The mother of Helen. with Paris. of Priam and Hecuba. the acanthus, or bear’s-foot (so called

Liber

I

49

:

,

maxima natarum bacatum,

Haec

et

Priami, colloque monile

duplicem gemmis auroque coronam.

655

celerans iter ad naves tendebat Achates.

Venus, Fearing for the Trojans, Asks Cupid for Help

nova pectore versat consilia, ut faciem mutatus et ora Cupido pro dulci Ascanio veniat, donisque furentem

At Cytherea novas

artes,

660

incendat reginam, atque ossibus implicet ignem;

quippe

domum

timet

urit atr5x luno, et

Ergo

nate, patris te

vires,

summi

confugio

et

Amorem

mea magna

omnia circum

lunonis iniquae,

nostrd doluisti saepe dolore.

Hunc Phoenissa

Dido blandisque moratur quo se lunonia vertant

670

tenet

vocibus; et vereor, hospitia;

665

supplex tua numina posco.

litora iactetur odiis tibi, et

potentia solus,

qui tela Typhoia temnis,

Prater ut Aeneas pelag5 tuus

nota

bilingues;

sub noctem cura recursat.

his aligerum dictis affatur

“Nate, meae

ad

ambiguam Tyriosque

baud tanto

cessabit cardine rerum.

Quocirca capere ante dolis

et cingere

654. collo 655. bacatum: of pearls,

flamma

necklace;

monile:

collo

is

dat.

of purpose.

coronam: a double coronet of gems and gold. 657. Cytherea: Venus. 658. faciem ora: with his form andfeatures changed; acc. of specification. 659. furentem incendat: kindle to madness; prolepsis. 660. ossibus: in her veins {\\i. bones). 661. quippe: in truth, ambiguam: treacherduplicem

.

.

.

.

ous.

vires.

663.

Amorem: Cupid.

664.

665. tela Typhoia: thunderbolts, i.e.,

the giants

who

rebelled against Jupiter.

represented as breaking a thunderbolt. it

.

saying one thing, meaning another.

bilingues:

torments her.

.

In

is

meae vires: i.e., (qui) solus (es) meae weapons which slew Typhoeus, one of ancient works of art, Cupid was often

666. numina:

stands tor the person as well as the power.

662. urit (earn):

the aid of thy divinity; here

667. Frater

tossed; indir. question depending on nota (sunt),

.

.

.

iactetur:

Your brother

iactetur has a long u; diastole,

how. 669. no.stro dolore: you have often grieved with my grief. 670. tenet hunc detains him. 671. vereor hospitia: I fear what turn Juno’s welcome ma\ take; quo introduces the indir. question. 672. baud cessabit: she (Juno) will ut:

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

win over,

cingere flamma: encircle her with a

the besieging operations of war.

50

.

onwhichsomuch“hinges.”

notbeidle. cardinererum: to

.

The

infinitives

673. capere:

Jlame of love, figures taken from are complementary with meditor.

Liber

I

reginam meditor, ne quo

numine mutet,

se

magno Aeneae mecum teneatur amore. Qua facere id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem. sed

675

Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem

Sidoniam puer ire parat, mea maxima cura, dona ferens, pelago et flammis restantia Troiae: hunc ego sopitum somno super alta Cythera aut super Idalium sacrata sede recondam, ne qua scire dolos mediusve occurrere possit. Tu faciem illius noctem non amplius unam falle dolo, et notos pueri puer indue vultus, ut, cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido regales inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet, occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno.”

Cupid’s Arrival at the Palace

Paret

Amor

Form

in the

dictis carae genetricis, et

680

685

of Ascanius

alas^

I

gaudens incedit luli. At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem irrigat, et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos V

690

exuit, et gressu

^

^

^

amaracus ilium dulci aspirans complectitur umbra.

Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis floribus et

The Banquet Begins

lamque

ibat dicto parens et

dona Cupido

695

regia portabat Tyriis, duce laetus Achate. numine: because of any heavenly power, i.e., Juno. 676. Qua (raHow. 677. Regius ... puer: Ascanius. accitu: at the summons; abl. of 679. restantia: saved from. 678. cura: care, i.e., the object of my care.

674. quo tione):

cause.

680. hunc:

.

.

.

him, obj. of recondam.

682. medius occurrere: counterfeit,

=

thwart them, the schemes.

you, a boy.

Bacchus, god of wine.

love's

of

puer:

magic charm

lulus.

693. Idaliae

(lit.

Idalium:

See

Liber

I

of

note

696. Tyriis: for the Tyrians,

684. falle:

ut,

1.

i.e.,

exulting

1.

681.

amaracus:

in

Cyprus.

{you) assume or

of wine; Lyaeus

is fallas,

with gen. force.

ref.

on

the flow

685, as

690. gressu ... luli :

poison).

Dat.

With

Sacred to Venus,

Lyaeum:

686. laticem

688. inspires:

691. Ascanio:

=

681. Idalium:

beguile her with

imitates

the gait

692. fotum: fondled.

marjoram, an herb.

Carthaginians.

51

Cum

iam se regina superbis aurea composuit sponda mediamque locavit. Iam pater Aeneas et iam Troiana iuventus venit, aulaeis

"'i

conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro.

Dant manibus famuli lymphas, Cereremque expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia

700 ]

canistris

villis.

Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine long5 cura

penum

centum

struere, et

flammis adolere Penates;

totidemque pares aetate ministri,

aliae

qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant.

Nec non

per limina laeta frequentes

et Tyrii

convenere, toris iussi discumbere

pictis.

Mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur lulum flagrantesque dei vultus simulataque verba

pallamque

Praecipue Phoenissa,

et

infelix, pesti

mentem

expleri

Ille

pictum croceo velamen a panthd.

et

devdta futufae^

1

nequit ardescitque tuendo

puerd ddnisque movetur.

et pariter

ubi complexu Aeneae colldque pependit

magnum

implevit genitdris

falsi

697. aulaeis

sponda:

.

.

amid

superbis :

.

on a golden couch;

aurea

is

amdrem, the splendid tapestries.

scanned aur(e)a;

...villis:

napkins with close-shorn nap,

rooms where

In the poss.,

Cererem: bread; metonymy,

whose task

it

the food

canistris:

.

.

.

Penates:

from

.

700. strato

.

.

the baskets.

and smooth.

soft

being prepared.

is

flammis

was.

i.e.,

.

.

701. lymphas: H’o/er, for wash-

ostro: they take their places on the purple coverlets.

ing the hands.

synizesis.

698. aurea

702. tonsis

703. intus (sunt):

704. cura (est quibus):

to

Dat. of

keep alive the fires on the sacred

hearth; the images of the Penates were kept near the hearth, which was sacred to them. 705. aliae (famulae sunt).

purpose. throng.

707.

Nec

.

.

708. pictis:

of love.

.

And

Tyrii:

712. infelix: ill-fated,

=

non

713. nequit

the neck.

716. falsi: pretended.

I

pesti

potuit.

it

is

to;

the Tyrians as well;

embroidered.

her death.

Liber

whose task

706. qui:

onerent and ponant litotes,

710. flagrantes: glowing, as .

.

.futurae:

doomed

715. complexu:

to

a

frequentes:

in

became

god

a love that

in the

show

embrace,

53

the

hw

to be

collo:

on

0

/

:

reginam

haec oculis,^haec pectore tot5

petit:

Dido

haeret et interdum gremi5 fovet, inscia

quantus miserae deus; at memor ille matris Acidaliae paulatim abolere Sychaeum incipit, et vivo temptat praevertere amore insidat

iam pridem

resides

720 f

animos desuetaque corda^^^^^j

Dido Proposes a Toast

to the

/

.

Gods

Postquam prima quies epulis, mensaeque remdtae, crateras magnos statuunt et vina cordnant. Fit strepitus tectis, vocemque per ampla volutant

725

dependent lychni laquearibus aureis incensi, et noctem flammis funalia vincunt. Hie regina gravem gemmis aurdque poposcit atria;

quam

implevitque mero pateram, a Belo

soliti;

Belus

turn facta silentia tectis

“luppiter, hospitibus

nam

730

dare iura loquuntur,

te

profectis

meminisse minores.

esse velis, nostrdsque huius

Adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator,

et

bona luno;

miserae: possesses her wretched

was a fountain

first

account of what happened

723. quies

coronant aureis

is

remotae

(fuit).

echo.

omnes a Belo:

Venus; Sychaeum: the

720. matris Acidaliae:

who had been murdered

put into the

i.e.,

mouth of Venus,

724. crateras:

11.

728. Hie:

Greek

with flowers, a custom at

726. laquearibus aureis:

read as two syllables;

covered with wax.

Cupid.

719. insidat...

suspecting.

Boeotia, sacred to Venus.

husband,

(sunt).

wreathe the wine cups,

:

volutant:

rises,

is

little

in Tyre.

335-370.

The

722. re-

desueta: unused to love.

long-slumbering,

sides:

ille:

self,

called Acidalius in

memory of Sychaeus, Dido’s full

735

0, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes.”

718. inscia:

there

omnes

:

hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Trdiaque

et VOS,

et

synizesis.

Hereupon.

from

quam

bowls,

Roman feasts.

the paneled roof

111. funalia:

729.

acc.,

torches,

vina

725. Fit

of gold.

made of

rope,

(implere) ... soliti (erant).

descended from Belus; this is not Dido’s father Belus, but the supposed founder of the Tyrian dynasty. 731. hospitibus: to both hosts and

guests.

grant

all those

732. Troia profectis:

(lit.,

may you

descendants.

wish),

735. coetum

to

those

huius (diei): .

.

.

who have come from Troy. 733. velis: Gen. with verb of remembering, minores:

celebrate faventes:

honor our gathering with friendly

spirit.

54

Liber I

mensam

Dixit, et in

laticum libavit honorem,

summ5

primaque, libato,

tenus attigit ore;

turn Bitiae dedit increpitans;

spurnantem pateram, post

pleno se prdluit auro;

Cithara crinitus lopas

proceres.

alii

et

impiger hausit

ille

740

personat aurata, docuit quern maximus Atlas.

Hie canit errantem lunam s5lisque labores;

unde hominumgenus et pecudes; unde imber et ignes; Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas gemindsque Triones; quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere s5les hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. Ingeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur.

Dido Asks Aeneas

745

His Story

to Tell

(

Nec non

noctem sermone trahebat infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem, multa super Priam5 rogitans, super Hectore multa; n'unc quibus Aurorae venisset filius armis, nunc quales Diomedis equi, nunc qu^ntus Achilles. “Immo age, et a prima die, hospes, origine nobis etivario

Jiisidias,” inquit,

A erroresque tuos;

“Qanaum, casusque tuorum,

nam

omnibus errantem

mensam:

736. in

te

.

.

As on

cian noble,

755

the altar of “Hospitable Jove.”

increpitans:

with a challenge,

laticum ... honorem

Abl. abs. impersonal, after the libation.

737. libato:

merely touched {the goblet) with her

ore:

.

iam septima portat

terris et fluctibus aestas.”

poured the offering of wine.

summo

750

ille

.

.

.

lips.

738. Bitiae:

A

Phoeni-

pateram: he at once, accepting the

741. Atlas: The 740. crinitus: long-haired. foaming cup. 743. unde 742. labores: eclipses. heaven-bearer, a mountain in North Africa. 744. Hyadas: The seven stars in (sint): Indir. question, ignes: lightning flashes. the constellation Taurus, geminos Triones: i.e., the two Bears, the Great and the Little. 746. obstet: retards, v/ith dai.; this is supposed to ex745. quid: why. challenge, drained the

plain

why

Nec non

748.

mus.

nights in winter are so long.

super: about.

Vulcan,

filius:

plural

.

Liber

et:

I

And

also;

litotes.

751. quibus

Memnon.

753.

.

.

.

747. plausu: Translate as

if

acc.

750. multa super ... super multa:

armis: with what arms; these had been

Immo

age:

Now, come.

754.

made by

Danaum: Genitive


:\r-ccl obtulerat, nden^ ammi atque in utrumque paratus, seu versare dolqs, seu certae occumbere morti. Undique visendi studio Troiana iuyentus Dardanidae, qui

se

i'*

1

circumfusa

certantque illudere capto.

ruit,

Accipe nunc

Danaum

ab uno

insidias, et crimine

disce omnes.

Namque constitit

medio turbatus, inermis Phrygia agmina circumspexit:

ut conspectu in

atque oculis

‘Heu, quae nunc

tellus,’ inquit,

‘quae

me aequora

possunt

Aut quid iam misero mihi denique restat, neque apud Danaos usquam locus, et super ipsi

70

accipere? cui

Dardanidae

Quo

infensi

poenas cum sanguine poscunt?’

gemitu conversi animi, compressus

impetus.

Hortamur

fari

quo sanguine

quidve ferat; memoret, quae Ille

haec, deposita

sit

tandem formidine,

condition.

manus: Acc. of ultro:

of

fall a victim.

his

own

ruit

.

.

fuisset:

neque ... locus:

By

piteous appeal.

From

59. venientibus:

62. versare

accord.

to certant.

71. cui

cretus (sit):

.

Contrary-to-fact condi-

cresco.

Still

contrary-to-fact

a

arx: Vocative.

specification.

64. certant illudere:

number from this

fata

si

56. staret ... maneres:

condition, but the time has changed,

him.

fatur:

laeva:

contrary-to-fact

57.

75

With fata, adverse or impropitious; with vnens^ perverse an example of zeugma with an adjective. 55. impulerat = impulisset,

tion in past time.

in

cretus,

fiducia capto.

54.

or blinded;

omnis

et

vie with

66. disce

who have no

75. quid ferat:

exercere:

one another

omnes:

place,

74. fari (eum):

=

{to

to

mocking; note change of

moreover.

all

Greeks.

Quo

gemitu:

of

73.

show purpose with hortamur.

what news he brings,

memoret:

tell.

Liber II

occumbere:

carry out.

learn the nature

super:

Infin.

in

them) as they approached

59

that he

— Sinon’s Story

‘Cuncta equidem

tibi, rex, fuerit

quodcumque, fatebor v^r^Sd-

mendacemque improba

vanirni etiam

f'ando aliquod

— quern

ad aures

forte tuas pervenit

nomen Palamedis

Belidae gloria

si

et incluta

80

finget

fama

sub proditione Pelasgi

falsa

,.,„,.„_lndicio, quia bella vetabat, ipsontem jnja j^emiserelneci; nunc cassurn lumine lugent

—

me comitem

illi

pauper

dum

consangumitate propinquurn^

et

arma paterjDrimis hue

in

misit ab^am^s,

stabat regno incolumis regumque^

conciliis, et

gessimus^

vmebat

nos aliquod nomenejue d^usque postquam pell^iS Ulixi

baud ignoU loquqr i— superis concessit ab aftlictus

vitam

m

^

.1

(V'

.

^ casurn j|ison^ jnecum mdignabj Nec si

dem^hs,

facial

oris,

et

ji^^fqrs

.

)ar amici.

si

a.

qua ^Udissfil^

umquam reme as^em^victor

^atrios

90

tenebris luctuque trahebam,

.

//z.

85

cc^'

ad Argos,

95

pfomisi ultorem, et verbis odia aspera movi.

Hinc mihi prima mali febeX hinc semper Ulixes

77. fuerit

that

By

am

I

quodcumque: come what may.

a Greek.

80. finxit:

has made,

improba:

descended from Belus,

82. Belidae:

hearsay.

hoeprimum:

79.

in

this {I

she

evil as

admit) first

is.

81.

—

Fando:

apposition with Palamedis.

At

Greek forces. team, then sowed it

the start of the Trojan war, Ulysses feigned madness to avoid joining the

He yoked

together a horse and a bull, and plowed a field with this

with

When Palamedes laid

the

salt.

plow

sation.

Ulysses’ son

aside, thus proving his sanity.

Telemachus

turned

83. falsa sub proditione: under a false accu-

After Palamedes exposed the feigned madness of Ulysses, the latter avenged

himself by secreting in the tent of Palamedes offering a bribe. is dead(\\\..,

per:

in the furrow, Ulysses

deprived of light).

being poor,

88. stabat

.

84. vetabat:

.

.

85. nunc

used to oppose. illi:

Dat. of

a forged letter

ref.,

{as

.

.

.

lumine:

a companion)

from Priam

now

to him.

that he

87. pau-

ab annis: in my early youth, i.e., old enough to serve. he (Palamedes) retained his royal dignity and had weight in

primis

conciliis:

86.

money and

.

.

.

of the (Grecian) princes. 91. baud i^nota = bene nota: Litotes,

postquam: but after. superis: The opposite of the underworld he left the shores of the earth. 93. mecum indignabar: brooded in wrath over. 94. fors tulisset: 97. Hinc: From this moment, when I if any chance should permit. made my vow. the councils

.

.

89. nos:

/,

too.

90.

—

.

60

Liber II

^La.4er

criminibus terrere novis, hinc spareere voces in

vuleum ambieuas,

Nec

et

quaerere conscius arma.

—

requievit enim, donee, Calchante ministro

100

sed quid ego haec autem nequiquam ingrata revolvo?

Quidve moror,

si

omnes uno ordine

idque audire,J^'^st?

hoc Ithacus

velix, et

habetis Achivos,

lamdud^m sumite poenas; magno mercentur Atridae.’ vP-

r^'‘ P

Sinon’s Deceit

Turn vp^^r^emus ignari s^lerurn

scitari et

quaerere causas,

105

tantorum artisque Pelasgae.

Prosequitur pavitans, et ncto pectore fatur:

98. terrere:

Historical infin.; also spargere

and quaerere.

99. con-

100. Calchante ministro: using Calchas as his tool; conscious of his guih. Calchas was a soothsayer who attended the Greeks throughout the Trojan War.

scius:

Sinon

now

has aroused the curiosity of the Trojans, and artfully interrupts his story

with the next four

you consider

102.

lines.

all alike.

103. id:

that

as soon as possible.

possibly,

here,

Atridae:

Agamemnon and

105. scitari:

Quid moror:

Why

do

name, of Greek, 104. Ithacus:

you? uno lamdudum: long

I delay

Ulysses,

Menelaus, the sons of Atreus.

to question him.

107. ficto:

dissembling.

.

velit:

.

.

habetis:

due, or

would

like.

u

C^‘>‘

i

^

‘Saepe fugam Danai Troia cupiere relicta

^

^ moliri, et lon^o^^si discedere bello; Saepe illos aspera^ponti fe^s^ntque utinam

110

!

Auster jeuntes]

irit^clusit hiems, et terruit

cum iam

Praecipue,

sonuerunt aethere nimbi.

staret equus, toto

^1.

hie tiFab^bus ednfextus acernis

v\5

Suspensi Eurypylupi scitantem oracula Phoebi

>

mittimus, isque adftis haec

“Sanguine

pilacastis

cum primum

if^v,ill5

tristia dicta reportat:

v entos et virgine caesa,

Danai, venistis ad

Iliacas,

sanguine. ^uaeren^i reditus, animaque Jitandum'^^

ArgolicaJyVulgTquae vox

ut venit ad aures,

Vi

obstipuere animi, gelidusque per ima cucurrit

120

ossa tremor, cui fata parent, quern poscat Apollo.

‘Hie Ithacus vatem

magno Calchanta tumultu

protrahit in medios; quae sint ea et

flagitat;

mihi iam multi crudele canebant

artificis scelus, et taciti

Bis quinos

numina divum,

ventura videbant. tectusque recusat

silet ille dies,

quemquam

prodere voce sua

125

aut opponere morti.

Vix tandem, magnis Ithaci clamoribus actus, composito rumpit vocem, et me destinat arae. Assensere omnes,

et,

quae

sibi

quisque timebat,

130

unius in miseri exitium conversa tulere.

lamque

dies infanda aderat;

mihi sacra parari.

as they were on the point of starting. 112. Praecipue: Especially when, true) acernis: Compare with abiete, 1. {was this Us16, and pinea, 1. 258. 111. euntes:

names of

ing

scitantem:

Bewildered, .

.

.

placastis

of Iphigenia at Aulis,

=

placavistis.

.

.

parent: for

125. artificis:

=

decern,

tectus:

with Ulysses, they

the

permissible in poetry.

114. Suspensi:

pres. part, expressing purpose.

116. Sanguine

the Greeks were

118. reditus:

Nom.

pi.

hendiadys. first

This refers to the preparing to sail for Troy,

for sing,

119. Argolica: Emphatic,

whom

understood.

ing,

when

6c

sonal, .

to consult;

with the blood of a maiden slain;

et virgine caesa:

sacrifice

wood was

trees to stand for

fate prepares this

123. numina:

schemer,

the

Ulysses,

doom;

named.

now endured when turned

to

o/a

Imper-

(est):

Grcc/: on/y.

121. cui

question after verb of wonder-

meaning of these commands of the gods. {others)

taciti:

shutting himself up in

destinat:

indir.

litandum

130. quae

his .

.

.

silently.

126. Bis

quinos

tent.

129. composito:

tulere:

what each feared for himself,

one wretch's destruction.

132.

as agreed,

parari: Historical

infin.

62

Liber 11

et salsae fruges, et

circum tempora

eripui, fateor, leto

me,

et

vittae:

vincula rupi,

limosoque lacu per noctem obscurus

dum

delitui,

vela darent,

si

in ulva

135

forte dedissent.

Nec mihi iam patriam antiquam

spes ulla videndi,

nec dulces natos exoptatumque parentem;

quos

poenas ob nostra reposcent culpam hanc miserorum morte piabunt.

fors et

illi

effugia, et

Quod

per superos et conscia numina

te

140

veri,

adhuc mortalibus usquam intemerata tides, oro, miserere laborum tantorum, miserere animi non digna ferentis.’ per

qua

si

quae

est

restet

The Trojans Take Pity on Sinon

His lacrimis vitam damus,

miserescimus ultro.

et

145

Ipse viro primus manicas atque arta levari vincla iubet Priamus, dictisque ita fatur amicis:

‘Quisquis

mihique haec edissere vera roganti: molem hanc immanis equi statuere? Quis auctor?

noster

Quo

amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios;

es,

eris,

Quae

Quidve petunt? Dixerat.

llle,

‘Vos, aeterni ignes,

numen,’

quos

ever did

sail.

142. per

.

kind.

.

.

deum, quas hostia

gessi:

.

=

.

.

140. miserorum:

forsitan

by whatever unsullied honor

143. miserere:

145. lacrimis:

still

chains; 155.

vinclis

numen:

156. hostia:

Liber II

150.

=

An

my

of

surv ives

unfortunate family.

anywhere among man-

Imperative; takes gen.

Dat.; synecdoche.

Dat. of separation.

146. viro:

Verbs of remembering and forgetting take either acc. Imperative.

155

which was sprinkled on the victim’s head vittae: bands or fdlets also were placed on the victim’s head. 136. si dedissent: if perchance they in a muddy marsh.

139. fors et fides:

arae ensesque nefandi,

salted meal,

133. salsae fruges:

1^5. limoso lacu:

ad sidera palmas: et non violabile vestrum

ait, ‘vos,

fugi, vittaeque

before a sacrifice,

aut quae machina belli?’

dolis instructus et arte Pelasga,

sustulit exutas vinclis

testor

religio,

150

Quo:

For what purpose?

vinculis,

oath

by

which these

can

—

never

sun,

or gen.

153. exutas vinclis:

be

stars,

used etc.,

148. Graios:

in

149. edissere:

now freed of

dactylic

— should

not

as a victim.

63

hexameter. be

broken.

. :

mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere iura, fas odisse viros, atque omnia ferre sub auras, si qua tegunt; teneor patriae nec legibus ullis. fas

Tu modo

160

promissis maneas, servataque serves,

Troia, fidem,

si

‘Omnis spes

vera feram,

Danaum

magna rependam.

si

et coepti fiducia belli

semper stetit. Impius ex quo Tydides sed enim scelerumque inventor Ulixes, fatale aggressi sacrato avellere templo Palladis auxiliis

Palladium, caesis

summae

165

custodibus arcis,

corripuere sacram effigiem, manibusque cruentis virgineas ausi divae contingere vittas;

ex

illo fluere

ac retro sublapsa referri

spes

Danaum,

Nec

dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris.

fractae vires, aversa deae mens.

170

Vix positum castris simulacrum, arsere coruscae luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus sudor

iit,

terque ipsa solo

parmamque

— mirabile dictu —

hastamque trementem. ‘Extemplo temptanda fuga canit aequora Calchas, nec posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis, omina ni repetant Argis, numenque reducant quod pelago et curvis secum avexere carinis. Et nunc, quod patrias vento petiere Mycenas, arma deosque parant comites, pelagoque remenso improvisi aderunt: ita digerit omina Calchas.

emicuit,

157. fas (est).

maneas:

Do you

tried.

158. ferre

auras:

to bring to light.

163. stetit: depended on.

Tu ex quo: from 160.

.

Supine.

fluere ... referri

171. ea signa:

174.

176. temptanda (esse):

(=

nisi)

.petiere:

in that

64

182. digerit:

proof of

ran down,

this.

ipsa:

ships;

181. remenso:

fate

that

170. fractae

Tritonia:

when

Pallas

glittering

the statue

must recross;

unless they seek

179. carinis:

they have sailed for.

abs., after recrossing.

iit:

that they

repetant:

the favoring presence of the gods.

Historical infin.

172. arsere ... arrectis:

origin.

her staring eyes.

178. omina ni

:

.

165. aggressi (sunt)

The small statue of the goddess Pallas Athene; Troy’s 169. ex illo: from safe from harm. 168. ausi (sunt).

after canit.

.

.

180

166. Palladium:

flames flashed from

.

.

abide by your promises.

depended on keeping it //me, correlative to ex quo, 1. 163. (sunt), aversa (est). mens: favor. Athene; the epithet is of doubtful dictu:

.

164. sed enim: but; translate before Impius.

the time when.

175

ferens

itself.

discourse

indir.

new omens,

synecdoche.

Deponent

numen: 180. quod

in passive, abl.

interprets.

Liber

U

Hanc pro

Palladio moniti, pro

numine

laeso

quae triste piaret. Hanc tamen immensam Calchas attollere molem

effigiem statuere, nefas

roboribus textis caeloque educere

ne recipi portis, aut duci

iussit,

moenia

in

neu populum antiqua sub religione

Nam

manus

185

possit, tueri.

dona Minervae, magnum exitium (quod di prius omen in ipsum

turn

vestra

si

violasset

190

convertant!) Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum; sin

manibus

vestris

vestram ascendisset

Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia

ultro

venturam,

et

in

urbem,

bello

nostros ea fata manere nepotes.’

Talibus insidiis periurique arte Sinonis

195

credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis,

quos neque Tydides, nec Larissaeus Achilles, non anni domuere decern, non mille carinae.

The Death of Laocoon and His Sons

^

Hie aliud maius miseris multoque tremendum obicitur magis, atque improvida pectora turbat.

Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, sollemnes taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras. Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta horresco referens

200

—

— immensis orbibus angues

183. pro Poll'jd'o’, the

for

molem: tis

=

Palladium. to

exchange

185. immensam... Purpose clause. 186. roboribus textis: with oaken framework. 187. por-

184. quae ... piaret:

a vast height.

188. antiqua

intra portas.

in

.

.

.

tueri:

shelter beneath their ancient faith,

i.e,,

convertant: May the same protection as the Palladium. 190. quod 193. ultro: further, i.e., gods turn this omen upon the author himself, i.e., Calchas. assuming the offensive. Asiam = Troiam. Pelopea ... moenia: Greece; Pelops was an ancestor of the royal race of Mycenae. 194. ea fata manere: such a doom would await. 196. credita (est) res: the story was believed, capti (sumus): we were degiving the

ceived

(lit.,

.

caught),

coactis:

forced.

197. Tydides:

.

.

Diomedes, son of Tydeus.

Larissaeus: of Larissa, in Thessaly, home of Achilles. 199. Here begins the 26-line description of the scene depicted in the ancient group

of statuary

known

Rome. The work provida: blind.

Liber

II

as the Laocoon, discovered in 1506 a.d. in the Baths of Titus at is

now

in the

Vatican collection,

201. ductus: chosen.

aliud: another portent.

204. orbibus: coils.

65

200. im-

:

incumbunt pelago, pariterque ad pectora

quorum

205

litora tendunt;

iubaeque

inter fluctus arrecta

sanguineae superant undas; pars cetera pontum

pone

sinuatque immensa volumine terga.

legit,

spumante

Fit sonitus

iamque arva tenebant,

salo;

210

ardentesque oculos suffecti sanguine et igne,

lambebant Unguis vibrantibus ora. Diffugimus visu exsangues: illi agmine ceno

sibila

Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque implicat, et miseros morsu depascitur artus; post ipsum auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem corripiunt, spirisque ligarLtJnge^tibj^; et iam bis medium amplexi, bis colto s^uamea circum terga dati, superant capite et cervicibus Ille

215

altis.

simul manibus tendit divellere nodos,

220

perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno,

clamores simul horrendos ad sidera

cum

quales mugitus, fugit

saucius

tollit:

aram

taurus, et incertam excussit cervice securim.

At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones

225

effugiunt saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem,

sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur.

Turn vero tremefacta novus per pectora cunctis insinuat pavor, et scelus expendisse

Laocoonta

ferunt,

merentem

sacrum qui cuspide robur

230

205. incumbunt

pelago:

are seen breasting

206. pectora

.

.

skims over,

arrecta

.

sinuatque

the sea

breasts

their

:

.

.

.

(lit.,

terga

:

and

on the

lie

upreared rolls

voice.

212. exsangues:

213. Laocoonta:

i.e,,

Acc. sing.

from

.

struggles.

221. perfusus vittas:

223. quales tonidis:

.

.

dati:

mugitus:

227. teguntur

229. insinuat:

se

steals.

66

pariter:

side

waves.

the

acc. of specification with the passive

unswerving course.

in

216. ipsum:

his fillets drenched;

bellowing

{Laocoon) himself.

tegunt.

represented

228. cunctis:

230. ferunt:

vittas, acc.

224. incertam:

as.

they say.

side.

208. legit

Tmesis, winding their scaly backs about his neck. such

by

folds their monstrous backs.

agmine certo:

fear,

Statues of Minerva were often

=

is

215. morsu: fangs.

218. circum

amid

many

in

210. oculos suffecti: their eyes suffused; oculos

sea),

of

220. tendit:

of specification.

ill-aimed.

226. Tri-

with serpents at the base.

everyone;

qui: since he;

dat. rel.

of

reference.

clause of cause.

Liber II

sceleratam intorserit hastam.

laeserit, et tergo

Ducendum ad

sedes simulacrum orandaque divae

numina conclamant.

i

Dividimus rhuros

The Horse et

t>>-\

Is

Taken

into

moenia pandimus r

jf.

Troy urbis.

_

Accmeunf omnes open, pedibusque ro^rum o^\niMo lapsus^^et stupp.e :junt lapsu§,,et stqpp.ea yipcula coiTo subtcjunt _ .yrvttuw

235

^‘^S*

/jw-t y'^pgvT

machma

mtjendunt: scandit fatalis 7

^

feta.armjs.

niuros,

v/V>V*'\Arn Cc\. ecv

.

Pueri circum innupta,eque puellae

.

i^yC'C£.

^

o

funCmque manu cohtmaere eaudent *u.w,Coilla sublt^mM^taeque rhmahs ill^bltuTvrbi^c^ O ^^r'ial^o dfvu% domus limb, et indTStdbello sacra .canunt,

-Si

^

p' f

" 240

Iimine portae rtioema Dardanidurn, quaier ipso in limine

,

sVv>

Ji,V

s>[%\V

nciSfi

.

substitit, '-^iinc etiam fafis ^p^nt^ Cas.sandra fAilri^ ^ei" iussu

Nos ille

(^e^^^t)ra

(t

deum

credita Jeiucris.

miseri, quibus ultin^us esset

f^^^vefamus frti^^e^r urbem.

dies, vl

non umquam

I

.

The Return of

the Greeks

Oceano nox, involvens ummra magna terramque polumque Vertitur interea caelum et ruit

.

rc|i

250

I'P

231. tergo:

side of the horse;

dat. with a

compound.

232. sedes:

temple, the

sacred resting place on the acropolis. 234. muros:

walls,

moenia:

defenses

236. vincula:

Vergilian for rotas labentes, roZ/er^. ing with

ascends.

armed men; metonymy, 243. substitit:

stood

still

of the

circum:

ropes.

Adv.

or stopped,

235. rotarum ... lapsus:

city.

240. utero:

238. feta armis: Ilia

from

subit:

It

teem-

(the horse)

the belly.

244. im-

memores: heedless of the warning of Laocoon, the omen of the stumbling of the horse, and the noise of the arms within. 246. Cassandra: Daughter of Priam and Hecuba, whose prophecies were never believed, in punishment for her rejection of the love of Apollo.

247. dei: Apollo.

250. Vertitur: Turns,

Teucris:

ruit: 5/7rm^5

Dat. of agent. ///?,

as the sun rises

from the sea

in the

so the night rises from the ocean in the evening.

Liber

II

67

morning,

;

\j

cK-

Myrmidon ijm(j.ue

dolos; fusi per moenia Teucri

^

conticuere, so^por^fessos complectitur artus: et

a

instructis navibus ibat

iam Argiva phalanx

Tenedo

litora

tacitae per arnica silentia lunae

cum

nota petens, flammas

extulerat, fatisque

inclusos utero

deum

Danaos

laxat claustra Sinon.

255

regia puppis

defensus iniquis

et

pinea furtim

ad auras

Illos patefactus

promunt

reddit equus, laetique cavo se robore

260

Thessandrus Sthenelusque duces, et dirus Ulixes, demissum lap^i per funem, Acam asque, Thoas^ue, Relidesque Neoptolemus, primusque Machaon, et

M^elau^,

£t

^p^

doli fabricatc^r Epeos.

Invadunt ui|bem^soij/in^ vm^ue^se^ultam bus omnes caeduntur vigiles, portisque ^ — / V J accipijmt socios atque.agmina/conscia^ngunt.

265

'I' tv/

Aeneas’s Vision of Hector

Tempus incipit, et

quo prima quies mortalibus dono divum gratissima serpf.

aegris

erat,

In somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector visus adesse mihi,

r^tatus

bigis, ut

lar^sque

eflfundere

quond^^aterque

^^s,

^

cruenk)*^

270

^

pufvere, perque pedes traiectusTora tumentes.

of the Greeks,

i.e.,

254. phalanx:

the horse.

Agamemnon,

252.

Myrmidonum

host.

256. regia:

dolos : the wiles royal,

i.e.,

the

Greeks and unbars the pine262. demissum: letdown. 260. se ... promunt: emerge. wood doors, zeugma, 263. Neoptolemus: Son of Achilles, grandson of Peleus; also called Pyrrhus, primus: or noble. Probably means that Machaon was the first to descend; possibly, 264. Epeos: Compare Masefield’s Machaon was the surgeon for the Greek forces. 267. conscia: allied Tale of Troy. 266. portis: through the gates; abl, of means. flagship of

259. laxat:

sets free

the

or confederate. 268. aegris

of heaven,

:

suffering.

serpit:

^69. dono divum :

steals over.

the chariot of Achilles,

ater:

through his swollen feet; lora

68

as a gift of the gods, or by the grace 271. visus (est). adesse: appear. 111. bigis: by

begrimed. is

213. per

.

.

.

tumentes: and thongs passed

acc. with traiectus.

V

Liber II

fl'"

^4*

Ei mihi, qualis

erat^,

cjuantum mutatus ab

illo

Hectore, qui redit ^ii^a^'indutus Achilli, vel

Danaum

275

Phryeios iacufetus puppibus ienes, >(Ce

c

*

1

squalentem barbam vulneraque

et

concrelOs sanguine crines

circum plurima muros

gerens,

ilia

accepit patrios.

Ultro*^ fl^ns^ips^vi^etjar

compellare virum

et nfaestas

expronnere voces:

280

i/jp

‘O lux Dardaniae, spes O fidissima Teucrum," quae tantae tenuere n^^rae? Quibus Hector ab

oris

Ut te post multa tuorum funera, p^t j^^^ios hominumque urbisque labores defessi aspicimus! Quae causa indigna serenos foedavit vultus? Aut cur haec vulnera cerno?’

exspectate venis?

Ille nihil,

nec

me quaerentem vana

\

^

J.

imcTde pectore ducens,

sed

^

moratur,

285

‘Heu

fuge, iial^_d^a, teque his,’ ait, ‘eripe flammis.

Hostis habet muros; ruit alto a culmine Troia.

A

Sat patriae Priamoque

datum

Pergama dextra

si

:

290 vvlt

A

defendi possent, etiam hac defensa fuissent.

Sacra suosque

tibi

commendat Troia

'Y.

j'

Penates:

/^^'295

hos cape fatorurn comites., his.,moenia quaere

magna,

pejej^^^q, statues

{K

quae denique ponto.’ Vestamque potentem

manibus vittas aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem. Sic

ait, et

274. mihi: Ethical

Ah me!

dat.. i.e.,

the

qualis erat:

armor of

Achilles,

matted.

cretos:

Homer says Speaking

no one passed ipse:

Ut:

long awaited.

appear to

know

nor heeds

my i.e.,

his

myself.

How.

idle questions.

275. exuvias:

285.

plurima:

dead body without

inflicting a

282. tenuere

Quae

.

.

.

290. ruit:

292. hac: by this

is

(te).

Ille

crumbling.

hand of mine.

in

him.

277. con-

great

wound.

in

his

(respondet).

numbers;

279. Ultro:

283. exspectate:

cemo: Aeneas 287.

Acc. with indutus,

killed

or having,

bearing

that Hector has been killed..

duty has been done. Penates:

I

he looked!

worn by Patroclus when Hector

278. gerens:

that

first,

How

Vocative,

dream does not nec

—

moratur:

291. Sat... datum:

Your

293. Sacra: sacred emblems.

the national household gods, not |usi those of his

home.

294. fatorurn:

296. vittas Vestamque: for these, moenia: a city, i.e., a home. 291. adytin: from her shrine, ignem: {sacred) fire, the fillets of Vesta; hendiadys. to be taken to the new city.

fortunes,

Liber

II

his:

69

Troy

Flames

in

Diverse interea miscentur moenia luctu,

magis atque magis, quamquarn secn^ta parentis Anchisae domus arboribusque o^te^a recessit, clarescunt sonitus, armorumque ingrmt horror. et

Excutior somno,

summi

et

fastigia

^

300

tfecti

ascensu supero, atque arrectis aujrib^ asto: in

segetem veluti

incidit,

cum flamma

ftir^tibus Austris

montano flumine torrens sternit sata laeta boumque labores,

305

aut rapidus

sternit aeros,

praecipites^ue^ahit

silvas, stUpet inscius alto

310

A

V

Ucakgon; Sigea ignf^rgta lam reiucent. ,yExontur, clamorque virum clangorque tubarum.

sociis

.

capio; nec sat raTionis

manum

sed eromerare

cum

m

.

.

Arma amgns

armis,

bello et concurrere in

.

,

arcem

"'Too e' aiognLammi; furor irague menterni,,.v^

pulchrumque’"^oj^SCccurfit

pTdecif)itant,

Ecce autem

telis

in a^mfs.

j)'’'''

fj’

Panthus elapsus Achivum,

Phoebique sacerdos, sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem ipse trahit, cursuque amens ad limina tendit. ‘Quo res summa loco, Panthu? Quam prendimus arcem?’ Panthus Othryades,

arcis

298. Diverse ... luctu :

l^Vith

stood back apart. fastigia tecti:

armorum

the highest point

.

of the

.

horror:

.

Son of Priam,

299. secreta ... recessit:

terror

of

bourn:

302.

battle.

304. furentibus Austris:

roof.

307. stupet: stands dazed.

310. Deiphobi:

the

306. sata laeta: plenteous crops,

raging; abl. abs, the crops.

301.

various sounds of grief.

Gen.

summi

when winds are

pi.

labores:

309. manifesto tides (est): the truth

is

i.e.,

clear.

ruinam: has fallen in ruins. 312. Ucalegon: {the house of) Ucalegon, one of Priam’s counselors. Sigea: of Sigeum, off 313. virum = virorum. 314. nec sat rationis (est): yet I have no purpose. Troy. 316. ardent animi: my spirit burns; abstract noun in the plural. 317. succurrit (mihi):

the thought

of Phoebus Apollo 321. trahit:

...loco?

comes

to

me.

in the citadel;

dedit

.

.

.

318. Achivum:

hendiadys.

320.

Gen.

manu

319. arcis Phoebique:

pi. .

.

.

ipse:

with his

With deos, carries; with nepotem, drags along; zeugma. Where is the main struggle? Panthu: Vocative.

70

own hand. 322.

Quo

Liber II

cum

Vix ea fatus eram, gemitu ‘Venit

summa

talia reddit:

dies et ineluctabile

Dardaniae: fuimus Trees,

fuit

tempus

Ilium

et

ingens

325

Teucrorum; ferus omnia luppiter Argos transtulit; incensa Danai dominantur in urbe. Arduus armatos mediis in moenibus astans

gloria

fundit equus, victorque Sinon incendia miscet insultans;

portis

alii

umquam

milia quot magnis

obsedere

stricta,

venere Mycenis;

stat ferri acies

mucrone corusco

parata neci; vix primi proelia temptant

portarum

vigiles, et

A

caeco Marte

flammas

et in

335

resistunt.’

Rally by Aeneas and His Comrades

Talibus Othryadae dictis in

330

angusta viarum

alii telis

oppositis;

bipatentibus adsunt,

arma

numine divum quo tristis Erinys,

et

feror,

quo fremitus vocat et sublatus ad aethera clamor. Addunt se socios Ripheus et maximus armis Epytus oblati per lunam Hypanisque Dymasque,

340

agglomerant nostro, iuvenisque Coroebus,

et lateri

Mygdonides

:

illis

ad Troiam forte diebus

venerat, insane Cassandrae incensus amore, et

gener auxilium Priamo Phrygibusque ferebat,

infelix,

qui non sponsae praecepta furentis

345

audierit.

324. ineluctabile tempus:

no longer vias.

326. ferus:

are.’’

wide open.

inevitable hour.

331. milia quot

333. ferri acies:

(aimless) warfare;

336. dictis:

tot

Argos:

milia quot.

final.

Perf. tense, denoting that

325. fuimus:

wrathful.

=

summa:

to

Greece.

332. angusta

the sharp edge of the sword.

“we

330. bipatentibus:

viarum

=

335. caeco Marte:

angustas in

blind

metonymy.

Abl. of cause, at these words,

numine:

by the

will

of heaven.

340. oblati: appearing. Fury of War, which delights in carnage. 341. agglomerant (se). Coroebus: Son of Mygdon, who had come to Troy lately be344. gener: as his cause of his love for Cassandra. He was slain by Peneleus.

337. Erinys:

the

{future) son-in-law.

Liber

II

345. furentis:

inspired.

71

Quos

ubi confertos audere in proelia vidi,

incipio super his:

pectora,

‘luvenes, fortissima frustra

vobis audentem extrema cupido

si

350

quae sit rebus fortuna videtis: excessere omnes, adytis arisque relictis, di, quibus. imperium hoc steterat; succurritis urbi incensae; moriamur et in media arma ruamus. certa sequi,

Una

salus victis, nullam sperare salutem.’

The Fury of

the Trojans

iuvenum furor additus: inde, lupi ceu raptores atra in nebula, quos improba ventris

355

Sic animis

exegit paecos rabies, catulique relicti

faucibus exspectant

siccis,

per

tela,

p6r hostes

vadimus baud dubiam in mortem, mediaeque tenemus urbis iter; nox atra cava circumvolat umbra. Quis cladem illius noctis, quis funera fando aequare labores?

explicet, aut possit lacrimis

Urbs antiqua

ruit,

360

multos dominata per annos;

plurima perque vias sternuntur inertia passim corpora, perque

domos

et religiosa

deorum

365

Nec soli poenas dant sanguine Teucri; quondam etiam victis redit in praecordia virtus limina.

victoresque cadunt Danai: crudelis ubique

ubique pavor,

luctus,

Primus

se,

Androgeos inscius,

et

plurima mortis imago.

Danaum magna

offert nobis, socia

comitante caterva,

370

agmina credens

atqye ultro verbis compellat amicis: 347. audere in proelia:

349. vobis (est).

battle.

amur

.

.

.

ruamus:

let

350. sequi (me). us

rush

.

.

.

and

352. quibus: die;

hunger. plicet:

ravening.

359. baud dubiam:

could

tell.

improba: certain;

363. dominata:

of the vanquished, dat. of reference. imago: death

in

72

many a form.

reckless. litotes.

aid.

hysteron-proteron.

salutem : To the vanquished, the only hope for safety seeming paradox, called an oxymoron. 356. raptores:

by whose

lies in

ventris ... rabies:

369. pavor:

367.

Long

Una

354.

despair of safety; this

361. cladem:

having ruled.

bold for 353. mori-

carnage.

diastole,

is

.

.

a

maddening 362. ex-

quondam: former, o;

.

victis:

plurima...

371. credens (nos esse).

Liber II

nam quae

‘Festinate, viri:

tarn sera

moratur

Alii rapiunt incensa feruntque

segnities?

nunc primum a navibus itis?’ Dixit, et extemplo, neque enim responsa dabantur fida satis, sensit medios delapsus in hostes. Pergama; vos

celsis

Obstipuit, retroque

improvisum pressit

pedem cum voce

aspris veluti qui sentibus

humi

375

repressit:

anguem

nitens, trepidusque repente refugit

380

attollentem iras et caerula colla tumentem;

baud secus Androgeos visu tremefactus abibat. Inruimus, densis et circumfundimur arniis, igrtarosque loci passim et formidine captos

sternimus: aspirat primo fortuna labori.

The Trojans,

Atque

in

385

Greek Armor, Win

at First

hie successu exsultans animisque Coroebus,

‘O socii, qua prima,’ inquit, ‘fortuna salutis monstrat iter, quaque ostendit se dextra, sequamur;

mutemus

Danaumque

clipeos,

aptemus: dolus an

Arma dabunt

insignia nobis

virtus, quis in hoste requirat?

390

comantem Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum induitur, laterique Argivum accommodat ensem.

Hoc

ipsi.’

Sic fatus, deinde

Ripheus, hoc ipse

laeta facit;

Dymas omnisque

iuventus

quisque recentibus armat.

spoliis se

395

Vadimus immixti Danais baud numine nostro, multaque per caecam congressi proelia noctem 374. rapiunt

...feruntque:

delapsum .

.

.

is

379. aspris

esse.

tumentem:

refugit

plunder and pillage.

=

311. fida satis:

asperis.

trustworthy,

380. pressit ... nitens:

=

delapsus

se

refugit

steps on.

back (from it) as it rises in anger and puffs out its blue neck; 385. as383. circumfundimur: we surround them; middle voice.

starts

trans.

from a “favoring wind.” animisque: elated by the courage

pirat: favors, a figure taken

386. successu

.

.

.

an elaborate hendiadys.

Arma

taken.

Greek armor.

Liber 11

393. induitur:

(nobis).

396. baud

comes from success;

389. insignia:

390. dolus ... requirat: fraud or valor,

helmets, especially. 391.

388. dextra: propitious.

that

.

.

.

nostro:

puts on or dons.

under auspices not our own,

397. congressi: in close conflict,

i.e.,

i.e.,

shields

who would ask 395. recentibus: i.e.,

this is

in

and war?

newly

they were wearing

hand-to-hand

fighting.

73

Danaum

conserimus, multos

demittimus Oreo.

ad naves, et litora cursu' fida petunt: pars ingentem formidine turpi scandunt rursus equum et nota conduntur in alvo. Diffugiunt

alii

The Trojans Try

Heu

nihil invitis fas

to

quemquam

400

Save Cassandra fidere divis!

Ecce trahebatur passis Priameia virgo crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae,

ad caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra lumina,

Non

nam

—

405

teneras arcebant vincula palmas.

hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus,. medium iniecit periturus in agmen.

tulit

et sese

Consequimur cuncti

incurrimus armis.

et densis

The Trojans Mistaken

for

Greeks

Hie primum ex alto delubri culmine telis nostrorum obruimur, oriturque miserrima caedes armorum facie et Graiarum errore iubarum.

410

Turn Danai gemitu atque ereptae virginis ira undique collecti invadunt, acerrimus Aiax, et gemini Atridae, Dolopumque exercitus omnis; adversi rupto ceu

quondam

Eurus equis; stridunt

402. nihil ... fas

quemquam:

Oreo it

=

ad Orcum:

to the lower worlds

not right for anyone,

is

invitis:

i.e.^

death,

unwilling, dat.

In wearing Greek armor, they were putting their trust in the Greek gods. disheveled.

403. passis: lumina:

Eois

et laetus

silvae, saevitque tridenti

398.

with fidere.

turbine venti

Zephyrusque Notusque

confligunt,

415

407.

eyes.

pressing purpose. 411. obruimur:

Priameia:

Non

tulit:

daughter of Priam.

Could not endure.

409. armis: Dat. with a

Long

405. tendens:

408. periturus:

straining.

Put. part, ex-

compound.

because of the appearance. 413. gemitu ... ira: with a groan of rage at the rescue of the maiden; hendiadys. 416. adversi confligunt: clash face to face, rupto turbine: when a hurricane .

bursts forth,

.

final

//;

diastole.

.

quondam:

.

at times.

eastern steeds; the picture

74

412. facie:

is

the wind

.

.

417. laetus Eois ... equis:

in the

pride of his

god riding upon the winds.

Liber II

spumeus atque imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo. llli etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram fudimus

420

totaque agitavimus urbe,

insidiis

apparent; primi clipeos mentitaque tela agnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.

obruimur numero; primusque Coroebus Penelei dextra divae armipotentis ad aram procumbit; cadit et Ripheus, iustissimus unus Ilicet

qui fuit in Teucris dis aliter

425

servantissimus aequi:

et

visum; pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque nec

confixi a sociis;

tua plurima, Panthu,

te

labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula Iliaci cineres et

flamma extrema meorum,

occasu vestro nec

tester, in

vitavisse vices

430

texit.

Danaum,

ut caderem, meruisse

Iphitus et Pelias

tela

fata fuissent

et, si

manu.

nec ullas

Divellimur inde,

mecum, quorum

Iphitus aevo

435

iam gravior, Pelias et vulnere tardus Ulixi, protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vocati.

The Defense of Priam’s Palace

Hie vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam bella forent, nulli tota sic

morerentur

in urbe,

Martem indomitum, Danaosque ad

440

tecta ruentes

419. spumeus: all-foaming, applying to the sea

god and the

deceptive or lying.

sea.

420.

423. ora

.

.

Illi .

.

.

.

quos:

AU

those, too,

whom.

422. mentita:

signant: they note our strange-sounding speech.

The

Trojans spoke a language akin to Greek, yet different enough to be almost a separate language.

424. Ilicet

=

dismissal of an assembly).

ire licet:

at once

(lit.,

may go,

one

425. divae armipotentis:

used as a formula for 426. unus: above

Minerva.

427. servantissimus aequi: most obadding emphasis to the superlative. 429. Panservant of the right. 428. dis aliter visum (est ): Heaven willed otherwise.

all others,

thu:

430. labentem: from falling in death,

Vocative.

by priests; even after testor.

deeds.

vices:

436. Ulixi:

438. ceu this

.

struggle.

.

.

not save Panthus.

encounters.

(sacred) band,

subj. gen.

/

earned

worn

Indir. discourse

433. vitavisse (me):

434. meruisse manu:

dealt by Ulysses;

forent:

it

(death) by

my

437. vocati (sumus).

as though there were no other fights anywhere, so great was

440. sic ... indomitum:

Martem: war or

Liber II

this did

infula:

struggle;

so fierce was the struggle, which

metonymy.

75

we saw.

cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen.

Haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos nituntur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris protect! obiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris.

Dardanidae contra turres ac tota domorum culmina convellunt; his se, quando ultima cernunt, extrema iam in morte parant defendere telis; auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum, devolvunt; alii strictis mucronibus imas

445

obsedere fores; has servant agmine denso.

450

Instaurati animi, regis succurrere tectis,

auxilioque levare viros, vimque addere

Limen

victis.

erat caecaeque fores et pervius usus

tectorum inter se Priami, postesque a tergo, infelix qua

dum

se,

relicti

regna manebant,

455

Andromache ferre incomitata solebat ad soceros, et avo puerum Astyanacta trahebat. Evado ad summi fastigia culminis, unde saepius

tela

manu

miseri iactabant irrita Teucri.

Turrim in praecipiti stantem summisque sub astra eductam tectis, unde omnis Troia videri et Danaum solitae naves et Achaia castra, aggressi ferro circum, qua summa labantes iuncturas tabulata dabant, convellimus

sonitu trahit et

incidit:

altis

ea lapsa repente ruinam

sedibus, impulimusque;

cum

460

Danaum

465

super agmina late

ullum

ast alii subeunt, nec saxa, nec

telorum interea cessat genus.

441. obsessum with an advancing roof of shields.

443. nituntur gradibus:

.

.

.

testudine: beset

they climb by the rounds

meet the attack. below. 451. Instaurati animi: Our courage was renewed. pervius usus: much-used 453. a passage. 454. postes ... a tergo: a rear gate. 456. saepius: again and again. 457. soceros: her husband's parents, Priam and Hecuba; Andromache was the wife of Hector and the mother of Asty-

(of the ladders).

446. ultima:

anax.

the end.

trahebat:

passageway.

444. fastigia:

used to take.

460. Turrim

at the very edge.

to

.

.

.

make my way, by means of this We pulled down a tower, in praecipiti:

458. Evado: convellimus:

462. solitae (sunt).

where the top story showed yielding joints.

76

445. contra:

battlements.

449. imas:

/

463. aggressi: assailing

it.

qua

.

.

.

dabant:

467. subeunt: take their place.

Liber II

Pyrrhus Enters the Palace

Vestibulum ante ipsum primoque

limine Pyrrhus

in

coryscu^ aena;

exsultat, telis et luce

470

qualis ubi in lucem cbiirberrnala gramina pastus

tumidum quern bruma

frigida sub terra

tegebat,

nunc, positis novus exuviis nitidusque iuventa, lubrica convolvit sublato pectore terga

arduus ad solem,

Una

et linguis

ingens Periphas

micat ore

equorum

et

475

trisulcis.

agitator Achillis,

armiger Automedon, una omnis Scyria pubes succedunt tecto,

et

flammas ad culmina

iactant.

Ipse inter primos correpta dura bipenni

limina perrumpit, postesque a cardine

iamque excisa trabe firma cavavit

aeratos;

robora,

480

vellit

et

ingentem lato dedit ore fenestram.

Apparet domus

intus, et atria

apparent Priami

et

longa patescunt;

veterum penetralia regum,

armatosque vident stantes

limine primo.

in

485

Greeks Swarm into the Palace

At domus

interior

gemitu miseroque tumultu

miscetur, penitusque cavae plangoribus aedes

femineis ululant;

Turn pavidae

ferit

tectis

aurea sidera clamor.

matres ingentibus errant,

amplexaeque tenent postes atque oscula

490

figunt.

470. telis ... aena: Son of Achilles, also called Neoptolemus. 471. mala ... pastus: fed on gleaming with arms of flashing brass; hendiadys. 473. positis ... exuviis: All. tumidum: .swollen, with poison. poisonous herbs.

469. Pyrrhus:

having cast off its old skin. 475. linguis:

breast erect.

478. succedunt tecto:

brass-bound,

excisa trabe:

483. patescunt:

Roman

.

.

.

Abl. of means;

terpa: rolls along translate as

press toward the palace,

480. perrumpit:

Pyrrhus.

474. lubrica

tries to

i.e.,

slimy length, with micat:

obj.

flammas: firebrands.

break through,

482. dedit:

made.

and arrangement of a

484. penetralia:

inmost rooms.

487. cavae

.

.

.aedes:

the vaulted halls.

490. postes: pillars.

II

479. Ipse:

the palace guards.

486. misero tumultu: piteous confusion.

Liber

darts.

481. aeratos:

wrench.

vellit:

Vergil here follows the plan

house, another instance of anachronism.

485. armatos:

if dir.

having cut through the woodwork.

are disclosed;

its

77

nec claustra, neque

Instat vi patria Pyrrhus;

ipsi

custodes sufferre valent; labat ariete crebro

procumbunt cardine postes. rumpunt aditus, primosque trucidant

ianua, et emoti Fit via vi;

immissi Danai,

Non

sic,

aggeribus ruptis

cum spumeus amnis

oppositasque evicit gurgite moles,

exiit,

fertur in arva furens

cum

495

complent.

et late loca milite

cumulo, camposque per omnes

armenta trahit. Vidi ipse furentem caede Neoptolemum geminosque in limine Atridas; vidi Hecubam centumque nurus, Priamumque per aras sanguine foedantem, quos ipse sacraverat, ignes. Quinquaginta illi thalami, spes tanta nepotum, barbarico postes auro spoliisque superbi, procubuere; tenent Danai, qua deficit ignis. stabulis

500

505

The Fate of Priam Forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras.

Urbis

captae casum convulsaque vidit

uti

limina tectorum et

arma diu

medium

hostem,

in penetralibus

senior desueta trementibus aevo

circumdat nequiquam umeris,

et inutile

ferrum

cingitur, ac

densos fertur moriturus

Aedibus

mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe

in

510

in hostes.

ingens ara fuit iuxtaque veterrima laurus,

incumbens arae atque umbra complexa Penates. Hie Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum.

491. 492. sufferre

(eum):

to

vi

495. milite: soldiery, coWteXxseXy. 498. fertur:

dikes.

daughters-in-law; postes:

pours.

with all his father's might,

patria:

withstand

515

him.

496.

ariete:

Non

sic:

499. trahit:

Priam and Hecuba had

Not

Three

In loose apposition with thalami.

synaeresis.

with such violence.

497. moles:

501. nurus:

sons and

dat. vault

you may ask.

511. cingitur:

507. uti:

504. barbarico:

when.

on; middle voice.

daughters

daughters.

fifty

— “barbaric” from the point of view of a Roman. 506. requiras:

like Achilles.

syllables;

sweeps.

fifty

i.e.,

i.e.,

and

503. spes,

Trojan, Asiatic

510. circumdat: binds on; with

512. nudo

.

.

.

axe: beneath the open

of heaven.

7S

Liber II

praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae,

divum amplexae simulacra sedebant. Ipsum autem sumptis Priamum iuvenalibus armis ut vidit, ‘Quae mens tarn dira, miserrime coniunx, impulit his cingi telis? Aut quo ruis?’ inquit; ‘Non tali auxilio nec defensoribus istis tempus eget; non, si ipse meus nunc adforet Hector.

condensae

et

516. praecipites:

densae:

crowded together.

...defensoribus:

headlong,

520. quo ruis:

Abl. with eget.

i.e.,

driven from the sky.

where are you rushing?

522. adforet:

were here.

520

517. con521. auxilio

Hue tandem concede; haec aut moriere simul.’

ad sese

et sacra

ara tuebitur omnes,

Sic ore effata recepit

longaevum

in

525

sede locavit.

The Murder of

Polites

Ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites,

unus natorum Priami, per tela, per hostes porticibus longis fugit, et vacua atria lustrat ilium ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus

saucius:

iam iamque manu

insequitur,

Ut tandem ante oculos concidit, ac

tenet et premit hasta.

evasit et ora

530

parentum,

multo vitam cum sanguine

fudit.

Hie Priamus, quamquam in media iam morte tenetur, non tamen abstinuit, nec voci iraeque pepercit: ‘At

pro

tibi

qua

exclamat, ‘pro talibus ausis,

scelere,’

535

quae talia curet, persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant

di, si

est caelo pietas,

debita, qui nati

coram me cernere letum

patrios foedasti funere vultus.

fecisti et

satum quo te mentiris, Achilles tails in hoste fuit Priamo; sed iura fidemque supplicis erubuit, corpusque exsangue sepulcro reddidit Hectoreum, meque in mea regna remisit.’

At non

540

ille,

The Death of Priam

telumque imbelle sine

Sic fatus senior,

ictu

rauco quod protinus aere repulsum

coniecit,

545

524. simul (nobiscum). 526. Pyrrhi: at the

hands of Pyrrhus.

528. porticibus longis:

down

the long col-

onnades; see note on 1.266. 529. saucius: Emphatic, wounded as he is. 530. iam iam: all but (lit. now, now), a phrase implying eagerness and speed, premit: is upon him. 533. in media morie: in the very grasp of death. 534. voci iraeque: Hendiadys. 539. patrios

.

.

.

.

536. qua

.

.

.

.

540. satum (esse) of.

iura

burial.

.

.

.

.

pietas:

justice.

538. coram:

before

my

very eyes.

you have defiled a father’s sight with the death (of his son). mentiris: whom you falsely call your sire. 541. in: in the case

vultus: .

.

.

erubuit:

he respected the rights.

544. imbelle: feeble.

80

any

545. rauco:

542. sepulcro reddidit:

ringing,

gave up for

repulsum.

Liber

n

e

summo

clipei

nequiquam umbone pependit.

Cui Pyrrhus: ‘Referes ergo haec

et

nuntius

ibis

mea tristia facta degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento. Nunc morere.’ Hoc dicens altaria ad ipsa trementem Pelidae genitori;

multo lapsantem sanguine

traxit et in

comam

implicuitque extulit,

ac

illi

lateri

laeva, dextraque

nati,

coruscum

capulo tenus abdidit ensem.

Haec

finis

Priami fatorum; hie exitus ilium

sorte

tulit,

Troiam incensam

Pergama,

tot

550

quondam

regnatorem Asiae.

prolapsa videntem

et

555

populis terrisque superbum

lacet ingens litore truncus,

avulsumque umeris caput, et sine nomine corpus. At me turn primum saevus circumstetit horror. Obstipui; subiit cari genitoris imago, ut

regem aequaevum crudeli vulnere

560

vidi

vitam exhalantem; subiit deserta Creusa,

domus, et parvi casus luli. Respicio, et quae sit me circum copia lustro. Deseruere omnes defessi, et corpora saltu ad terram misere aut ignibus aegra dedere.

et direpta

565

Aeneas Encounters Helen

lamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae servantem

tacitam secreta in sede latentem

et

summo

umbone: from the surface of the boss, In this instance it was probably a projection designed to turn aside the weapon. covered with leather, which Priam’s spear just pierced, then hung idly (nequiquam) from it. 548. Pelidae 547. Referes: You will relate, almost imperative in tone. referring to Priam’s regenitori: i.e., Achilles. 549. degenerem: how unworthy is mark, 1. 540. 553. lateri = in latus. capulo 550. trementem: (Priam) trembling. 546. e

...

—

tenus: up to the

hilt.

555. tulit: befell.

558. sine nomine:

i.e.,

unrecog-

Pompey’s death is suggested by this passage. 560. genitoris: of my father. 562. Creusa: i.e., the thought of 561. aequaevum: of equal age, with Anchises. nizable.

Creusa, Aeneas’s wife. question, to the

563. casus:

copia: (military) force.

what might have befallen.

565. corpora

.

.

.

misere:

564.

have flung

sit:

Indir.

their bodies

ground.

567. super

.

.

.

eram:

I

was

left

alone; tmesis,

limina

.

.

.

latentem: lurking in the

entrance of testa's temple.

Liber II

81

Tyndarida aspicio: dant clara incendia lucem erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti. Ilia sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros poenas

et

Danaum

et desert!

praemetuens, Troiae

570

coniugis iras

communis

et patriae

Erinys,

abdiderat sese atque aris invisa sedebat.

cadentem sumere poenas.

Exarsere ignes animo; subit ulcisci

patriam

et sceleratas

575

ira

‘Scilicet

haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas

aspiciet,

partoque

regina triumpho,

ibit

coniugiumque, domumque, patres, natosque videbit, Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris? Occiderit ferro Priamus?

580

Troia arserit igne?

Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus? Non ita: namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen feminea in poena exstinxisse nefas

est,

nec habet victoria laudem,

tamen

et

sumpsisse merentes

585

laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuvabit ultricis

flammae,

et cineres satiasse

meorum.’

Venus Intervenes

Talia iactabam, et furiata mente ferebar

cum mihi obtulit et

non ante oculis tarn clara, videndam pura per noctem in luce refulsit se,

590

alma parens, confessa deam qualisque videri caelicolis et quanta solet, dextraque prehensum 569. Tyndarida: sibi

Acc,,

... praemetuens:

the Greeks

would

Helen.

dreading

inflict,

in

570. erranti

(mihi).

advance, prae.

572.

coniugis:

Menelaus.

575. animo (meo).

She (Helen),

571. Ilia:

Danaum:

Subj. gen., that

scourge or curse.

573. Erinys:

an angry impulse prompts me. 511. Scilicet: What! Mycenas: Although Helen came from Sparta, Mycenae is here used for Greece in general, 580. comitata: Used here in pass, sense, at~ 574. invisa: a hated thing.

tended by.

Priam fell?

581. Occiderit:

=

subit ira:

Put. perf., expressing indignation

—

Is

it

for

this that

nomen: no glory. 585. exstinxisse nefas laudabor: 7 shall be praised for having destroyed an accursed creature, merentes = meritas. 587. flammae: Gen. with verb of plenty or want, 582. sudarit .

.

sudaverit:

reeked.

583. nullum

.

.

.

.

sumpsisse.

was carried away. 589. non = numquam. videndam: in visible 591. confessa deam: Unlike her appearance in Book I; Venus rarely apform. peared to her son in her true form. 592. caelicolis: to the gods, prehensum (me). 588. ferebar:

82

Liber II

continuit, roseoque haec insuper addidit ore:

‘Nate, quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras?

Quid

Non

furis,

quonam

aut

nostri tibi cura recessit?

595

prius aspicies ubi fessum aetate parentem

Anchisen; superet coniunxne Creusa, Ascaniusque puer? Quos omnes undique Graiae liqueris

circum errant

iam flammae

Non

acies, et, ni

mea

cura

resistat,

tulerint inimicus et hauserit ensis.

600

Tyndaridis facies invisa Lacaenae

tibi

culpatusve Paris: divum inclementia, divum,

has evertit opes sternitque a culmine Troiam.

— namque omnem, quae nunc obducta tuenti

Aspice

mortales hebetat visus caligat,

nubem

umida circum ne qua parentis

605

tibi et

eripiam; tu

iussa time, neu praeceptis parere recusa: hie,

ubi disiectas moles avulsaque saxis

saxa vides mixtoque undantem pulvere fumum,

Neptunus muros magnoque emota tridenti fundamenta quatit, totamque a sedibus urbem eruit;

hie luno Scaeas saevissima portas

prima

tenet,

610

sociumque furens a navibus agmen

ferro accincta vocat.

Iam summas arces Tritonia, respice, Pallas insedit, nimbo effulgens et Gorgone saeva.

615

Ipse pater Danais animos viresque secundas sufficit,

tibi

ipse deos in

cura:

anything 599. ni

the love else. .

.

Dardana

you have.

597. liqueris

resistat:

if

arma.

595.

quonam:

Non =

Nonne.

reliqueris:

Indir.

596.

=

suscitat

whither, pray, prius: first,

question,

nostri:

i.e.,

before doing

superet

Ethical dat., "Tis not, as

caligat: lies

ceptis:

=

supersit.

my care did not withstand them — a contrary-to-fact condition

with pres, and perf. tenses for imp. and pluperf., an old poetic construction. the gods.

forme.

you

604. obducta

think.

(tibi) tuenti:

dark and dank around you.

Dat. with parere — my

602. divum

.

.

.

divum: of the gods, I repeat, of

drawn over you as you gaze. 606. ne

instructions.

.

.

.

601. tibi:

time

=

608. moles:

605. umida

noli timere.

walls.

.

.

607. prae-

609. undantem:

As being the “Earth-Shaker.” It was he who 612. Scaeas: The Scaean gate led to the shore and the built the walls of Laomedon. 615. Pallas: Athene, 613. socium ... agmen i.e., the Greeks. Grecian camp. who often carried the shield of Jove, which, when shaken, emitted storm and lightning and had the head of Medusa in the center. 617. pater: Jupiter, secundas: victorious. rolling (in billows).

610. Neptunus:

:

Liber

II

83

;

.

Eripe, nate, fugam, finemque

Nusquam

impone

. :

labori.

620

abero, et tutum patrio te limine sistam.’

Dixerat, et spissis noctis se condidit umbris.

Apparent dirae facies inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum. Turn vero omne mihi visum considere in ignes Ilium et ex imo verti Neptunia Troia; ac veluti summis antiquam in montibus ornum

cum

ferro accisam crebrisque bipennibus instant

—

eruere agricolae certatim,

tremefacta

et

625

comam

ilia

usque minatur

concusso vertice nutat,

vulneribus donee paulatim evicta

supremum

630

congemuit, traxitque iugis avulsa ruinam.

Descendo, ac ducente deo flammam inter et hostes expedior; dant tela locum, flammaeque recedunt.

Anchises Refuses to Leave Troy

Atque ubi iam patriae perventum ad limina sedis antiquasque domos, genitor, quern tollere in altos optabam primum montes primumque petebam,

635

abnegat excisa vitam producere Troia ‘Vos O, quibus integer aevi

exsiliumque pati.

sanguis,’ ait, ‘solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

VOS agitate fugam

me

si

640

:

caelicolae voluissent ducere vitam,

una superque captae superavimus urbi.

has mihi servassent sedes.

vidimus excidia

et

620. (in) limine.

Satis

624. visum

627. accisam:

(est).

hacked,

repeated blows of 629. tremefacta comam trembling ir every leaf specification. 630. supremum congemuit: gives one final groan. :

ruinam:

comes crashing down, torn from

the deity {\tn\xs) guiding me.

634. perventum (est):

bus

.

.

.

sanguis

:

I reached.

make my

una:

i.e.,

Satis

.

.

642. .

631. traxit

.

.

with

way.

my first care. 638. quiservassent = servavissent

vidimus:

when Hercules destroyed

“broken promise” of Laomedon.

acc. of

primum: as

636.

whose blood is unimpaired by years.

that I have beheld,

comam,

632. ducente deo:

native ridge.

633. expedior: I

Contrary-to-fact condition in past time.

dal. with a

its

crebris:

643. superavimus

Enough

it

is

and more

the city in revenge for another

=

superfuimus:

Hence

urbi,

compound.

84

Liber II

Sic

O

sic

positum

affati discedite

manu mortem

Ipse

exuviasque petet;

lam pridem

corpus.

inveniam; miserebitur hostis

facilis iactura sepulcri.

annos

invisus divis et inutilis

demoror, ex quo

645

me divum

hominum

pater atque

rex

fulminis afflavit ventis et contigit igne.’

Talia perstabat memorans, fixusque manebat.

Nos

650

coniunxque Creusa Ascaniusque omnisque domus, ne vertere secum cuncta pater fatoque urguenti incumbere vellet. Abnegat, inceptoque et sedibus haeret in isdem. Rursus in arma feror, mortemque miserrimus opto: nam quod consilium aut quae iam fortuna dabatur? ‘Mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto sperasti, tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore? contra

efifusi

lacrimis,

655

ex tanta superis placet urbe relinqui,

Si nihil

hoc animo, perituraeque addere Troiae teque tuosque iuvat, patet isti ianua leto, iamque aderit multo Priami de sanguine Pyrrhus, natum ante ora patris, patrem qui obtruncat ad aras. Hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignes eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus, utque Ascanium patremque meum iuxtaque Creusam alterum in alterius mactatos sanguine cernam? Arma, viri, ferte arma; vocat lux ultima victos. Reddite me Danais; sinite instaurata revisam

660

et sedet

644. afTati:

With

my own

hand.

646. facilis (erit):

after bidding farewell to. will

he easy

645. Ipse

This

to bear.

665

is

said in reckless

despair, for the ancients believed the soul could not rest in peace until the

had an appropriate struck

me

lacrimis:

=

648. ex quo:

burial.

from

the time when.

with lightning, for boasting of Venus’s love for him.

poured forth 653. fato

evertere.

...isdem:

.

.

.

incumbere:

remains unmoved

655. feror: I start to rush.

in his

Mene

657.

tum nefas: so impious a speech, multo ... de sanguine:

651. effusi (sumus)

lacrimis, abl. of

purpose, and stays efferre

pedem

660. sedet:

reeking with the blood.

is

:

in

the

same

652. vertere 654. incepto spot;

that I could depart.

fixed.

body had

649. contigit igne:

manner. hasten our impending doom.

tears (of entreaty);

manu:

zeugma. 658. tan-

662. iamque: for soon.

663. natum:

Polites;

see

1.

532.

quod: Was this the reason why? parens: Venus, who has apparently saved him only so that he will see his family killed. 668. lux: day. 669. sinite (ut) revisam: allow me to return to.

patris:

Priam.

Liber II

664.

Hoc

erat

.

.

.

85

:

Numquam omnes

proelia.

Hinc

hodie moriemur

670

inulti.’

ferro accingor rursus clipeoque sinistram

insertabam aptans, meque extra tecta ferebam. Ecce autem complexa pedes in limine coniunx haerebat,

parvumque

periturus abis, et nos rape in

‘Si

lulum omnia tecum;

patri tendebat

675

aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis, hanc primum tutare domum. Cui parvus lulus,

sin

cui pater et coniunx

quondam

tua dicta relinquor?’

An Omen Overcomes Talia vociferans gemitu tectum

Anchises’ Objections

omne

replebat,

cum subitum dictuque oritur mirabile monstrum. Namque manus inter maestorumque ora parentum ecce levis summo de vertice visus luli

680

fundere lumen apex, tactuque innoxia molles

lambere flamma comas et circum tempora pasci. Nos pavidi trepidare metu, crinemque flagrantem

685

excutere et sanctos restinguere fontibus ignes.

At pater Anchises oculos ad extulit, et caelo

sidera laetus

palmas cum voce

‘luppiter omnipotens, precibus

hoc tantum,

aspice nos;

tetendit: si flecteris ullis,

meremur, atque haec omina firma.’

et, si

690

pietate

da deinde auxilium, pater, Vix ea fatus erat senior, subitoque fragore intonuit laevum, et de caelo lapsa per umbras Stella facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit. Illam, summa super labentem culmina tecti,

695

672. aptans: fitting place.

678.

674. patri:

quondam shed,

686. fontibus

on us when.

appears.

=

aqua.

86

688.

cum

voce:

our only prayer.

693. laevum:

multa:

682. levis ... apex:

With comas, wavy.

molles:

{in pity), this is

fiery train,

i.e.,

it

in

even death.

tua dicta: once called your wife; he seems to be deserting her.

680. oritur: dere:

omnia:

675. et: too.

to his father,

on the

a flood

left,

a

light

in

prayer.

691. deinde:

a good

tongue of flame.

684. tempora:

omen

in

temples,

690. aspice i.e.,

.

.

pasci: .

tantum:

after this sign.

Roman

augury.

683. funplay.

look

692. -que:

694. facem: a

of.

Liber II

cernimus Idaea claram se condere

silva

signantemque vias; turn longo limite sulcus dat lucem, et late circum loca sulpure fumant.

Hie vero victus genitor se tollit ad auras, affaturque decs et sanctum sidus adorat. ‘lam iam nulla mora est; sequor et qua ducitis adsum. Di patrii, servate domum, servate nepotem. Vestrum hoc augurium, vestroque in numine Troia est. Cedo equidem, nec, nate, tibi comes ire recuso.’

700

Aeneas Gives Directions for Flight

Dixerat

iam per moenia

et

ille;

705

clarior ignis

auditur, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt.

‘Ergo age, care pater, cervici imponere nostrae;

me labor iste gravabit; cumque cadent, unum et commune periclum,

ipse subibo umeris, nec

quo una

res

salus

comes,

sit

ambobus et

Mihi parvus lulus

erit.

710

longe servet vestigia coniunx:

quae dicam, animis advertite vestris. Est urbe egressis tumulus templumque vetustum

VOS, famuli,

desertae Cereris, iuxtaque antiqua cupressus

patrum multos servata per annos. Hanc ex diverso sedem veniemus in unam.

715

religione

Tu, genitor, cape sacra

manu

me, bello e tanto digressum

donee

attrectare nefas,

me

patriosque Penates;

et

caede recenti,

flumine vivo

720

abluero.’

699. victus: erect.

its

701.

No

Iam iam:

longer.

705. Dixerat:

He ceased

tide offlame.

707. imponere

I will

take you on

my

702.

speaking,

=

shoulders.

te

713.

714. desertae: lonely.

(eis) egressis:

709.

.

.

.

attrectare nefas:

Liber II

it

quo

.

.

=

servet

a sacrilege for

708. subibo umeris:

sequatur. (lit.,

712. animis

to those

.

to

715. religione: reverence.

touch them.

.

.

vestris:

having gone out).

possibly the Penates.

me

pi.

cumque: no matter how; tmesis.

.

as you go out

717. sacra: is

ad auras:

domum: house, i.e., race. moenia = urbem. 706. aestus: Acc.

Cereris: i.e., her temple.

verso: different quarters

by the omen,

pone: Middle imperative.

711. longe: i.e., as a cautious measure,

note carefully.

persuaded,

719. vivo:

87

716. di-

718.

me

running.

The

Haec

fatus, latos

Flight

umeros subiectaque

colla

veste super fulvique insternor pelle leonis,

succedoque oneri; dextrae

se

parvus lulus

non passibus aequis; pone subit coniunx: ferimur per opaca locorum; et me, quern dudum non ulla iniecta movebant tela neque adverso glomerati ex agmine Grai, nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis suspensum et pariter comitique onerique timentem. lamque propinquabam portis, omnemque videbar implicuit sequiturque patrem

721. subiecta: stooping. 723. dextrae se

opaca locorum 729. comiti:

.

=

i.e.,

88

.

.

implicuit:

opaca loca; lulus,

a

111. veste ... leonis:

oneri:

placed his hand like strata

in

viarum,

robe

mine. I.

422.

725

730

of tawny

725. pone:

726.

lion's

hide.

Adv., behind.

dudum: but now.

Anchises.

Liber II

cum

evasisse viam, subito

visus adesse

pedum

creber ad aures

sonitus, genitorque per

umbram

prospiciens, ‘Nate,’ exclamat, ‘fuge, nate, propinquant!

Ardentes clipeos atque aera micantia cerno!’

The Disappearance of Creusa

Hie mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum

confusam

dum

eripuit

Namque

mentem.

735

avia cursu

sequor, et nota excedo regione viarum,

heu, misero coniunx fatone erepta Creusa substitit, erravitne via,

seu lassa resedit,

incertum; nec post oculis est reddita nostris.

740

amissam respexi animumque reflexi, quam tumulum antiquae Cereris sedemque sacratam venimus; hie demum collectis omnibus una defuit, et comites natumque virumque fefellit.

Nec

prius

Aeneas’s Search for Creusa

Quern non incusavi amens hominumque deorumque,

745

aut quid in eversa vidi crudelius urbe?

Ascanium Anchisenque patrem Teucrosque Penates

commendo ipse

sociis et

urbem repeto

curva valle recondo;

et

Stat casus renovare

cingor fulgentibus armis.

omnes, omnemque

750

reverti

per Troiam, et rursus caput obiectare periclis. Principio

muros obscuraque limina portae,

qua gressum extuleram, repeto, 731. creber 735. nescio 736. cursu:

Greeks.

in

=

crebrorum:

quod

my

=

i.e.,

many

of

some

aliquod:

et vestigia retro

.

738. (mihi) misero

.

.

.

.or

other.

734. aera: arms or armor.

male

amicum = inimicum.

from^ to avoid capture by the erepta: Emphatic position, Ah me, wretched man

737. excedo:

haste.

.

footsteps.

/ depart

—

740. incertum: / know not. 741. prius from me by fate, did my wife quam: until. 744. fefellit: was missed by (lit., escaped the notice of). 749. cingor: I gird on arms (which he 745. deorumque: A hypermetric verse. 750. Stat (mihi): I resolve. 751. caput could not wear when carrying Anchises). = vitam. 753. repeto sequor: I search again and retrace my footsteps. torn

.

.

Liber II

.

.

.

.

.

89

.

.

observata sequor per noctem et lumine lustro.

755

Horror ubique animo, simul ipsa silentia terrent. Inde domum, si forte pedem, si forte tulisset, me refero irruerant Danai, et tectum omne tenebant. :

summa ad

edax

Ilicet ignis

fastigia

vento

exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras.

volvitur;

760

Procedo et Priami sedes arcemque reviso. Et iam porticibus vacuis lunonis asylo custodes lecti Phoenix et dims Ulixes praedam asservabant. Hue undique Troia gaza

mensaeque deorum,

incensis erepta adytis,

765

crateresque auro solidi, captivaque vestis congeritur; pueri et pavidae longo ordine matres stant circum.

The Vision of Creusa

Ausus quin etiam voces iactare per umbram implevi clamore vias maestusque Creusam nequiquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque vocavi. Quaerenti

770

et tectis urbis sine fine furenti

simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae visa mihi ante oculos et nota maior imago. Obstipui, steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit. Turn sic affari et curas his demere dictis: infelix

775

‘Quid tantum insano iuvat indulgere dolori,

O

Non

dulcis coniunx?

nec

eveniunt;

haec sine numine divum

comitem hinc portare Creusam

te

754. lumine lustro: I scan with .

.

.

tulisset: {to

759. furit

.

.

.

auro solido.

belief

et tectis

.

.

.

.

.

.

circum:

furenti

.

.

.

she began to speak;

90

.

.

.

visa (est)

appeared.

apparitions.

778. nec

i.e.,

to shout wildly.

city, there

respecting

775. affari:

Impers.

Teacher and friend of Achilles,

766. pueri

houses of the

fills

my soul.

auras: the furious blazing tide rises heavenward.

768. voces iactare:

Quaerenti

755. animo (est):

756.

si

whether) by chance, mere chance, she had wandered thither.

see

762. Phoenix:

tuary.

m\ eyes.

fas (est):

761. asylo: sanc-

765. auro solidi

770. ingeminans: :

as I searched

repeating.

larger than

The penult

historical infin.

curas (meas).

heaven's

771. (mihi)

and rushed madly among

774. steterunt:

is it

ex

captives to be kept as slaves, or sold.

773. nota maior:

nor

=

is

the

a

common

short;

systole.

life,

776. iuvat (te):

will.

Liber II

fas,

aut

Longa

ille sinit

superi regnator Olympi.

vastum maris aequor arandum,

tibi exsilia, et

780

terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva

et

opima virum leni fluit agmine Thybris; res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx

inter illic

parta

Non

Lacrimas dilectae pelle Creusae.

tibi.

ego

Myrmidonum

sedes

Dolopumve superbas

785

aspiciam, aut Grais servitum matribus ibo,

Dardanis,

et

divae Veneris nurus.

Sed me magna deum genetrix his detinet oris: iamque vale, et nati serva communis amorem.’ Haec ubi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa volentem

790

dicere deseruit, tenuesque recessit in auras.

Ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum: ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, par levibus vends volucrique simillima somno.

Refuge

demum

in the

Mountains

consumpta nocte reviso. Atque hie ingentem comitum affluxisse novorum invenio admirans numerum, matresque virosque, collectam exsilio pubem, miserabile vulgus. Undique convenere, animis opibusque parati, in quascumque velim pelago deducere terras. Iamque iugis summae surgebat Lucifer Idae ducebatque diem, Danaique obsessa tenebant Sic

socios

795

800

limina portarum, nec spes opis ulla dabatur; cessi, et

sublato montes genitore petivi. Longa

780.

Distant scenes of exile are in store for you. 781. Lydius: 782. agmine: current. posed to have come from Lydia. perity.

regia coniunx:

obj. gen.

788. genetrix:

Cybele.

795. Sic: .

.

.

parati:

ridge.

Liber II

i.e.,

ready

790. (me) lacrimantem.

803. opis

=

=

heart

and fortune.

auxili.

exsilia

The Etruscans were sup783. res laetae: pros-

792. dare

—

circum

=

circum-

comprehensa.

without Creusa. in

.

Creusae: for Creusa, Supine, to express purpose, to serve Greek mothers.

793. comprensa

dare: Tmesis.

.

784. parta tibi: await you.

Lavinia.

786. servitum:

.

798. exsilio:

Supply

804. cessi:

ire

Dat. of purpose. or deduci.

I yielded {to fate),

799. animis

801. iugis:

montes:

91

over the

Mt. Ida.

The Trojans Embark

T^^OSTQUAM

—^

Asiae Priamique evertere gentem

res

immeritam visum superis, ceciditque superbum Ilium, et omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troia,

diversa exsilia et desertas quaerere terras auguriis agimur divum, classemque sub ipsa

5

Antandro et Phrygiae molimur montibus Idae, incerti, quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur, contrahimusque viros. Vix prima inceperat aestas, et pater

visum

2.

from at

Anchises dare (est) superis:

the ground.

5.

it

fatis vela iubebat,

seemed best

sub ipsa: just under, near.

the southeast of Mt. Ida, where

settle,

detur

=

to the gods, \.t.,\.\\Q

liceat.

8.

prima:

6.

AtQAd&d.

Aeneas decided to build a early.

9.

dare:

3.

humo:

Antandro: Antandros, a town spread,

fleet.

fatis:

7. sistere:

Dat., destiny,

rather than the winds.

92

Liber

in

litora

cum

patriae lacrimans portusque relinquo

10

campos, ubi Troia fuit: feror exsul in altum cum sociis natoque Penatibus et magnis dis. Terra procul vastis colitur Mavortia campis, Thraces arant, acri quondam regnata Lycurgo, hospitium antiquum Troiae sociique Penates, dum fortuna fuit. Feror hue, et litore curvo moenia prima loco, fatis ingressus iniquis, Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo. et

15

The Voice from Polydorus’s Tomb

Sacra Dionaeae matri divisque ferebam auspicibus coeptorum operum, superoque nitentem

20

mactabam in litore taurum. iuxta tumulus, quo cornea summo

caelicolum regi

Forte

fuit

virgulta et densis hastilibus horrida myrtus.

Access!, viridemque ab

humo

convellere silvam

conatus, ramis tegerem ut frondentibus aras,

25

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum. Nam, quae prima solo ruptis radicibus arbos huic atro liquuntur sanguine guttae,

vellitur,

et

terram tabo maculant.

membra Rursus

Mihi frigidus horror

quatit, gelidusque coit formidine sanguis.

et alterius

30

lentum convellere vimen

once stood.

cum

... dis: Spondaic verse.

Penatibus... dis: Probably hendiadys; the great gods of the Penates. 13. Terra... colitur: lies a peopled land, procul: i.e., just across the Hellespont. Mavortia: home 15. hospitium Penates: In apposiof Mars, i.e., it is a land of warlike people. 11. fuit:

12.

.

tion with terra,

i.e.,

a land friendly to adverse,

17. iniquis:

lasted.

Troy and having

as he discovered

Vergil probably wishes to connect the in

Thrace, or Aenea, 19.

.

household gods. 16. fuit: 19-48. 11. 18. Aeneadas:

allied

later,

name of Aeneas with an

ancient town, Aenos,

daughter of Dione.

divis: the other gods.

in Chalcidice.

Dionaeae matri:

20. auspicibus:

.

m ///y

Prolepsis,

that

they might

be our guardians.

21. caelicolum

=

23. hastilibus: spearquo... summo: and on its summit. 24. silvam: growth or thicket. like shoots; the myrtle was sacred to Venus. huic: from that tree which. arbos 26. dictu: Supine with mirabile. 27. quae 30. coit: curdles. 29. Mihi membra: My limbs; mihi is dat. of reference.

caelicolarum.

22.

.

.

Liber III

.

.

.

.

.

.

93

:

:

insequor, et causas penitus temptare latentes

:

ater et alterius sequitur de cortice sanguis.

Multa movens animo nymphas venerabar agrestes Gradivumque patrem, Geticis qui praesidet arvis,

35

secundarent visus omenque levarent.

rite

Tertia sed

postquam maiore

hastilia nisu

aggredior, genibusque adversae obluctor arenae

eloquar, an sileam?

—

— gemitus lacrimabilis imo

auditur tumulo, et vox reddita fertur ad aures

lam parce

‘Quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? parce pias scelerare manus.

Non me

40

:

sepulto;

Troia

tibi

externum tulit, aut cruor hie de stipite manat. Heu, fuge crudeles terras, fuge litus avarum nam Polydorus ego; hie eonfixum ferrea texit telorum seges et iaeulis inerevit aeutis.’ Turn vero aneipiti mentem formidine pressus obstipui, steteruntque eomae et vox faueibus haesit.

45

The Story of Polydorus

Hune Polydorum

auri

quondam eum pondere magno

Priamus furtim mandarat alendum Threieio regi, eum iam diffideret armis

50

infelix

Dardaniae, eingique urbem obsidione videret. Ille,

res

ut opes fraetae

Agamemnonias

32. insequor:

Teuerum,

et

vietrieiaque

/ proceed,

temptare:

fortuna reeessit,

arma to

seeutus,

probe.

33. et:

Gradivum:

35.

also.

36. secundarent levarent: prayOld name of Mars, the patron god of Thrace. ing them (venerabar) to bless the portent and lighten the omen; i.e., make it propitious. .

38. genibus adversae

.

.

.

arenae

:

.

.

with knees pressed against the sand.

Quid:

40. reddita

Why.

miserum: a wretched being. stranger. scelerare 43. externum 42. parce refrain from polluting. aut: nor; the blood does not flow from a mere shoot. 45. eonfixum (me). 46. iaeulis inerevit: has grown up in javelin shoots the weapons which killed him in his mentem with heart overwhelmed; men“took root’’ body. 47. ... pressus tem is acc. of specification. 48. See Book II. 774. 50. infelix: ill-fated, alendum: Purpose with mandarat. 51. regi: Polymestor, i.e.,

response to Aeneas’s act.

in

.

.

.

41.

:

:

— :

Priam’s son-in-law. (sunt).

54. res

94

.

.

diffideret: .

began

to distrust.

53. Ille:

the Thracian,

fraetae

seeutus: joining the side.

Liber

IQ

omne abrumpit; Polydorum

fas

obtruncat, et auro

55

Quid non mortalia pectora cogis, auri sacra fames? Postquam pavor ossa reliquit, delectos populi ad proceres primumque parentem monstra deum refero, et quae sit sententia posco. Omnibus idem animus, scelerata excedere terra,

vi potitur.

60

linqui pollutum hospitium, et dare classibus Austros.

Ergo instauramus Polydoro funus, et ingens aggeritur tumulo tellus; stant Manibus arae, caeruleis maestae vittis atraque cupresso, et circum Iliades crinem de more solutae; inferimus tepido spumantia cymbia lacte

65

animamque sepulcro magna supremum voce ciemus.

sanguinis et sacri pateras,

condimus,

et

Arrival at Delos

Inde, ubi prima fides pelago, placataque venti

dant maria

deducunt

et lenis crepitans

socii

vocat Auster in altum,

70

naves et litora complent:

provehimur portu, terraeque urbesque recedunt. Sacra mari colitur medio gratissima tellus

Nereidum matri

quam

et

Neptuno Aegaeo,

pius Arcitenens oras et litora circum

56. potitur: tion, as here.

tem:

to

57. auri

my father, 61. linqui:

(est).

as

.

.

first

.

75

Rarely third conjuga-

fames: cursed love ofgold; auri is obj. gen. in rank and age. 59. monstra: portents.

Translate as

if

linquere, with hospitium dir. obj.

58. paren60.

animus

pollutum hospi-

62. instauramus ... funus we renew the of violated hospitality. funeral rites, which had been denied Polydorus because he had been murdered. 63. stant Manibus: are raised to his spirit. 64. caeruleis: dark, atra: gloomy. cupresso: The use of cypress at funerals was a Roman custom. 65. Iliades (stant). de solutae: It was the custom in Roman sacrifices for the women to unbind their hair. we lay at rest, magna: loud. 67. sacri: consecrated. 68. condimus: supremum: Cognate acc. with adv. force, /or /Ac //me. ciemus: we call upon. 71. deducunt ... naves: launch the ships, which had been 69. placata: calm.

tium:

.

.

the scene

:

.

74. matri: drawn up on the beach in Thrace. 73. colitur: lies, tellus = insula. Doris, matri et Neptuno Aegaeo: Hiatus; the verse is spondaic. 75. pius Arcitenens: dutiful Apollo; dutiful, because Apollo was bom at Delos and so owed it affection.

Liber

ID

95

:

:

Mycono e celsa Gyaroque revinxit, immotamque coli dedit et contemnere ventos. Hue feror; haec fessos tuto placidissima portu

errantem

veneramur Apollinis urbem. Rex Anius, rex idem hominum Phoebique sacerdos, vittis et sacra redimitus tempora lauro, occurrit; veterem Anchisen agnoscit amicum. accipit;

egressi

lungimus hospitio dextras,

Templa

et tecta

80

subimus.

dei saxo venerabar structa vetusto:

‘Da propriam, Thymbraee, domum; da moenia fessis et genus et mansuram urbem; serva altera Troiae

85

Pergama, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli. Quern sequimur? Quove ire iubes, ubi ponere sedes? Da, pater, augurium, atque animis illabere nostris.’

Advice of the Oracle

Vix ea fatus eram tremere omnia visa repente, liminaque laurusque dei, totusque moveri mons circum, et mugire adytis cortina reclusis.

90

:

Summissi petimus terram, et vox fertur ad aures ‘Dardanidae duri, quae vos a stirpe parentum prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto accipiet reduces.

Antiquam

exquirite

The

matrem

was

95

:

mother of Diana and Apollo, was sheltered by Jupiter from Juno’s jealousy in Delos, which had been a floating island, but which Jupiter (Vergil says Apollo) anchored with chains. The worship of Apollo was centered in Delos, where he had a splendid temple and 78. haec (tellus). 81. tempora: temples; acc. of specification, famous oracle. lauro: Sacred to Apollo. 85. propriam: lasting oi settled. Thymbraee: Apollo, god of Thymbra, near Troy, which had a temple to Apollo, fessis (nobis). 86. mansuram: abiding, altera: second. 87. Pergama: citadel, reliquias Danaum: See 89. illabere: inspire. Book I. 30. 88. Quern sequimur: i.e., who is to guide us? 91. liminaque: Long e\ diastole. 92. mons: Mt. Cynthus. et ... reclusis and the caldron seemed to resound from the opened shrine. The adytum, or shrine, is at the farthest end of the temple; the worshipers stand before it. Within the adytum The cortina, a caldron or basin, is placed on the tripod sits the priestess on a tripod. and forms her seat. 93. Summissi: on bended knee. 94. duri: hardy, quae... tellus eadem = eadem tellus quae, stirpe parentum your ancestral stock. 95. ubere •

•

•

•

76. errantem:

as

it

floated.

story

that Latona, the

:

laeto:

in

her fruitful bosom,

96

i.e.,

as a mother.

Liber

m

hie

domus Aeneae

et nati

natorum,

et

cunctis dominabitur oris,

qui nascentur ab

illis.’

Haec Phoebus; mixtoque ingens exorta tumultu laetitia, et cuncti quae sint ea moenia quaerunt, quo Phoebus vocet errantes iubeatque reverti? Turn

genitor,

‘Audite,

O

100

veterum volvens monumenta virorum,

proceres,’

ait, ‘et

spes discite vestras:

Creta lovis magni medio iacet insula ponto;

mons Idaeus ubi, et gentis cunabula nostrae. Centum urbes habitant magnas, uberrima regna; maximus unde pater, si rite audita recordor, Teucrus Rhoeteas primum est advectus in oras, optavitque locum regno.

Nondum

105

Ilium et arces

Pergameae steterant; habitabant vallibus imis. Hinc mater cultrix Cybelae Corybantiaque aera Idaeumque nemus; hinc fida silentia sacris, et iuncti currum dominae subiere leones. Ergo agite, et, divum ducunt qua iussa, sequamur; placemus ventos et Gnosia regna petamus.

Nec longo tertia lux

distant cursu;

classem Cretaeis

modo

110

115

luppiter adsit,

sistet in oris.’

Sic fatus, meritos aris mactavit honores,

taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo, nigram Hiemi pecudem, Zephyris felicibus albam.

97. hie:

over all lands.

oris:

100. moenia:

city.

102. genitor:

virorum: as he pondered the records of men of old.

was

120

this land,

in

cunctis

.

.

.

veterum... sacred to Jove. Jove

Anchises.

104. lovis:

bom

and brought up in Crete, on Mt. Ida. 1U5. cunabula: Anchises, thinking of Mt. Ida in Crete and Mt. Ida in Troy, assumes that Troy was colonized from Crete.

108. Rhoeteas: maximus ... pater: our great ancestor, Teucer. Trojan; Rhoeteum was a small town and promontory north of Troy. 109. regno: Dat. of 111. Hinc ... Cybelae: Hence {ivom purpose. 110. steterant: had been settled. Crete) came the mother of the gods, who dwells on Mt. Cybele, i.e. the Phrygian god107.

Corybantia aera: the cymbals of the Corybantes, the priests of Cybele, 112. fida sacris: the indanced in her honor to the sound of cymbals.

dess Cybele.

who

.

.

.

draw the chariot of their queen. 115. placemus: let us propitiate. Gnosia: Cretan; Gnosos 116. longo ... cursu About 150 miles, modo: prowas the city of King Minos. vided. 120. nigram: black offerings were appropriate for powers of evil or the underworld. Hiemi: to the Storm, pecudem: lamb. violable secrecy

of her mysteries.

113. currum

.

.

.

leones:

the Hons that

:

Liber

m

97

The Trojans Begin a Settlement

Fama

in

Crete

pulsum regnis cessisse paternis Idomenea ducem, desertaque litora Cretae, hoste vacare domos, sedesque astare relictas. Linquimus Ortygiae portus, pelagoque volamus, bacchatamque iugis Naxon viridemque Donusam, Olearon, niveamque Paron, sparsasque per aequor volat

Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta concita

125

terris.

Nauticus exoritur vario certamine clamor; hortantur socii: ‘Cretam proavosque petamus!’ Prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntes

130

tandem antiquis Curetum allabimur oris. Ergo avidus muros optatae molior urbis, Pergameamque voco, et laetam cognomine gentem hortor amare focos arcemque attollere tectis. lamque fere sicco subductae litore puppes;

135

et

conubiis arvisque novis operata iuventus;

domosque dabam:

iura

subito

cum

tabida membris,

corrupto caeli tractu, miserandaque venit

arboribusque satisque lues

et letifer

annus.

Linquebant dulces animas, aut aegra trahebant corpora; turn

steriles

140

exurere Sirius agros;

arebant herbae, et victum seges aegra negabat.

Rursus ad oraclum Ortygiae Phoebumque remenso

121. pulsum

regnis:

exiled

from

his

122. Idomenea:

kingdom.

Acc,

;

Ido-

meneus had been leader of the Cretans against Troy; on his return, during a storm, he had vowed to sacrifice whatever first met him on landing. This was his son,

our

whom

he sacrificed.

124. Ortygiae:

(former) foe.

pelago: across the sea. 126. niveam:

Expelled by his subjects, he settled in

'taly.

123. boste:

Ortygia was the ancient name of

125. bacchatam iugis:

with

its

Referring to the famous Parian marble.

Delos,

mountain revels to Bacchus.

we sail by. Curetum: A name given to the earliest inhab133. Pergameam: There was an ancient city of Crete called Pergamy people. 134. amare: In prose, this would be ut amarent.

130. euntes (nos): as itants of Crete.

mum.

we go

by.

127. leg'mus:

131.

gentem: focos: homes, tectis: for their houses. 135. fere: but Just. 136. operata (erat): were busied with. 137. dabam: was appointing, tabida annus: on our bodies fell a wasting plague, from an infected region of the sky, and on both trees and crops a piteous blight a year of death. 140. Linquebant: They laid down. 141. steriles: .

.

.

—

Proleptic;

menso ...

i.e.,

ire

so that they became barren.

mari

98

:

to recross the sea

142. negabat:

withheld.

143. re-

and go.

Liber

HI

hortatur pater

ire

mari, veniamque precari:

quart! fessis finem rebus ferat;

unde laborum

145

temptare auxilium iubeat; quo vertere cursus.

The Vision of Aeneas

Nox

erat, et terris

sacrae

effigies

quos

mecum

extuleram,

animalia somnus habebat:

divum Phrygiique penates,

a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis

visi

ante oculos astare iacentis

150

multo manifesti lumine, qua se plena per insertas fundebat luna fenestras; turn sic affari et curas his demere dictis: in somnis,

‘Quod

delato Ortygiam dicturus Apollo

tibi

est,

hie canit, et tua nos en ultro ad limina mittit.

Nos

155

Dardania incensa, tuaque arma secuti, nos tumidum sub te permensi classibus aequor, idem venturos tollemus in astra nepotes, imperiumque urbi dabimus; tu moenia magnis te,

magna para, longumque fugae ne linque laborem. Mutandae sedes: non haec tibi litora suasit

160

Delius, aut Cretae iussit considere Apollo.

Est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt, terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae;

nunc fama minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem: hae nobis propriae sedes; hinc Dardanus ortus, lasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum. Oenotri coluere

144. veniam: .

.

.

ferat:

Indir. question,

150. visi (sunt), 152. insertas:

went.

=

a gracious response.

145.

quam

expanding veniam.

iacentis (mei):

in the wall.

155. canit:

165

viri;

declares,

as I lay.

153. affari ... ultro:

151. multo:

demere

unasked.

bright,

(visi sunt).

157. sub te:

se:

its

154. delato:

beams. if you

under your leadership.

159. urbi: Lavinium, and prophetically Rome, Norn. pi. magnis: for great men. 160. ne linque = noli linquere: do not shrink from. 163-166. See notes on same verses, Book I. 530-533. 162. Cretae: Locative. 158. idem

eidem:

167. Dardanus:

The mythical ancestor of the Trojans came

Etruscan town, and married the daughter of Teucer, the

to

first

Troy from Corythus, an king of Troy. Thus the

Trojans are referred to as Teucri and as Dardanidae.

Liber III

99

Surge age,

et

haec laetus longaevd" dicta parenti

baud dubitanda

Corythum terrasque

refer:

Ausonias; Dictaea negat

tibi

luppiter arva.’

The Trojans

Talibus attonitus

Sail

from Crete

voce deorum

visis et

170

requirat

—

nec sopor illud erat, sed coram agnoscere vultus

comas praesentiaque ora videbar; gelidus toto manabat corpore sudor

velatasque

—

turn

175

corripio e stratis corpus, tendoque supinas

ad caelum cum voce manus, intemerata

focis.

et

munera

|ibo

Perfecto laetus honore

Anchisen facio certum, remque ordine pando. Agnovit prolem ambiguam geminosque parentes,

180

seque novo veterum deceptum errore locorum.

Turn memorat: ‘Nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, sola mihi tales casus Cassandra canebat.

Nunc et

repeto haec generi portendere debita nostro,

saepe Hesperiam, saepe Itala regna vocare.

185

Sed quis ad Hesperiae venturos litora Teucros crederet, aut quern turn vates Cassandra moveret?

Cedamus Phoebo, Sic

ait, et

et

moniti meliora sequamur.’

cuncti dicto

paremus ovantes.

Hanc quoque deserimus sedem, paucisque vela

190

relictis

damus, vastumque cava trabe currimus aequor.

169. Surge age:

173. sopor:

corpus:

I leap,

a

Rise up, without delay.

dream.

171. Dictaea:

174. praesentia:

supinas: upturned.

before

my

prayer,

111.

Cretan. 176. corripio...

eyes.

munera ... intemerata: an

180. prolem ambiguam: of twofold race, i.e., the Cretan of unmixed wine. Teucer and the Italian Dardanus. 181. seque deceptum: and he admits that he had been misled. 182. exercite: Voc,, long vexed. 183. casus ... canebat Aloffering

:

canebat: foretold.

literation.

186. quis

predicting.

187. moveret: as

we had

left

191. trabe:

i.e.,

.

.

crederet:

persuade.

Thrace,

ships;

.

184. repeto

.

.

.

(earn) portendere:

who would have

188. meliora:

believed;

wiser counsels.

/

remember her

deliberative subjunc, 190. quoque:

also,

Those who stayed on in Cretan Pergamum. aequor: Akin to cognate acc.; with currimus, we

paucis relictis:

metonymy,

speed over the sea.

100

Liber

HI

A Postquam altum tenuere

Storm Arises

rates,

apparent terrae, caelum undique

nec iam amplius ullae et

undique pontus,

turn mihi caeruleus supra caput astitit imber,

noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris. Continue venti volvunt mare, magnaque surgunt

195

aequora; dispersi iactamur gurgite vasto; involvere diem nimbi, et abstulit;

nox umida caelum

ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes.

Excutimur cursu, et caecis erramus in undis. Ipse diem noctemque negat discernere caelo nec meminisse viae media Palinurus in unda.

200

Tres adeo incertos caeca caligine soles

erramus pelago, totidem sine sidere noctes. Quarto terra die primum se attollere tandem visa, aperire procul montes, ac volvere fumum.

205

Vela cadunt, remis insurgimus; baud mora, nautae annixi torquent

spumas

et caerula verrunt.

The Trojan Adventure with

the Harpies

Servatum ex undis Strophadum me litora primum accipiunt; Strophades Graio stant nomine dictae, insulae lonio in magno, quas dira Celaeno

210

Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phineia postquam clausa domus, mensasque metu liquere priores. Tristius baud illis monstrum, nec saevior ulla

193. caelum undique ... undique pontus:

Chiasmus.

darkness ruffled the waves. 199. abstulit: stole from our sij^ht. 201. Ipse: Even,

194. imber: 198. involvere:

195. inhorruit ... tenebris:

storm cloud, enwrapped.

though he was chief pilot. 202. viae: Gen. with meminisse, his course. 203. adeo: With tres, whole, soles = dies. 205. attollere, aperire, volvere: The infinitives depend on visa (est). mora (est). 207. remis insurgimus: we ply (lit. rise on) our oars; remis is dat. 208. annixi: pulling hard,

caerula:

212. Harpyiae: Three syllables.

his food.

Strophades.

Liber ffl

the (dttYi) blue sea.

Phineus was a king of Thrace.

Because he had

was made blind and tormented by the Harpies, who snatched The Harpies, driven from Thrace by the Argonauts, fled to the

put out his sons’ eyes,

away

i.e.,

214.

hff

illis:

than they;

abl.

of comparison.

101

:

deum

pestis et ira

:

215

Stygiis sese extulit undis.

Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima ventris proluvies,

uncaeque manus,

semper

et pallida

ora fame.

Hue

ubi delati portus intravimus, ecce

bourn passim campis armenta videmus, caprigenumque pecus nullo custode per herbas.

220

laeta

Irruimus ferro,

et

vocamus

divos ipsumque

partem praedamque lovem; turn litore curvo exstruimusque toros, dapibusque epulamur opimis. At subitae horrifico lapsu de montibus adsunt Harpyiae, et magnis quatiunt clangoribus alas, in

diripiuntque dapes, contactuque

immundo; Rursum in

turn

225

omnia foedant

vox taetrum dira

inter

odorem.

secessu longo sub rupe cavata,

arboribus clausi circum atque horrentibus umbris,

230

instruimus mensas arisque reponimus ignem

rursum ex diverso caeli caecisque latebris turba sonans praedam pedibus circumvolat polluit ore dapes.

Sociis tunc,

edico, et dira bellum

Haud

cum

arma

capessant,

gente gerendum.

secus ac iussi faciunt, tectosque per

disponunt enses

uncis,

et scuta latentia

235

herbam

condunt.

Ergo ubi delapsae sonitum per curva dedere litora, dat signum specula Misenus ab alta acre cavo. Invadunt socii, et nova proelia temptant,

240

obscenas pelagi ferro foedare volucres deum: scourge of the gods. Stygiis: A natural association of creatures and place; these birds were supposed to have come from the lower world. 216. Virginei: Maiden-like, vultus 215. ira

ventris

(sunt),

Long

proluvies:

their

booty; hendiadys. flapping.

228. vox

is

an

224. toros: couches, for reclining at feasts. (auditor):

screech.

With capessant, order; with gerendum senus:

230. horrentibus:

241. obscenas: ill-omened,

102

:

(esse), declare (that).

to share the

226. clangoribus:

dense

(lit.

233. circumvolat: hovers. 236.

tectos ... latentia: Prolepsis, in concealment, out

The Trojan trumpeter.

221. caprigenum

223. in ... praedamque

adj.

218. fame:

claw-like.

219. delati: coming to land.

232. diverso: an opposite {6\f^Qxtr\X) quarter.

just as; litotes,

217. uncae:

excrement.

as though 5th declension. pecus: a flock ofgoats: caprigenum e,

235. edico:

Haud

of sight.

bristling).

secus ac:

239.

Mi-

nova proelia: strange warfare. foedare: In apposition with proelia, 240. aere:

i.e.

tuba,

Liber

IH

sed neque vim plumis ullam nec vulnera tergo accipiunt, celerique fuga sub sidera lapsae

semesam praedam

et vestigia

foeda relinquunt.

Celaeno’s Dire Predictions

Una

in praecelsa

infelix vates,

consedit rape Celaeno,

245

rumpitque hanc pectore vocem:

‘Bellum etiam pro caede bourn stratisque iuvencis,

Laomedontiadae, bellumne et patrio

Harpyias insontes pellere regno?

243. -que: 245. hurls,

Una:

i.e.,

but.

sub: up

Alone, as

shrieks.

248. Laomedontiadae:

all

Liber

HI

to.

the others

247. Bellum:

A

had

246. infelix:

left.

Emphatic,

Is

it

war, then,

ill-boding,

pro:

rumpit:

in return for.

term of contempt, to remind the Trojans that they were

descended from Laomedon, hereditary:

inferre paratis,

who was famous

for breaking his word.

as daughters of the sea-god, they claim the islands.

103

249. patrio:

Accipite ergo animis atque haec

mea

250

figite dicta,

quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit, vobis Furiarum ego maxima pando. Italiam cursu petitis, ventisque vocatis Italiam, portusque intrare licebit;

ibitis

sed

non ante datam

cingetis

255

moenibus urbem,

quam

vos dira fames nostraeque iniuria caedis ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas.’ Dixit, et in silvam pinnis ablata refugit.

At

sociis subita gelidus

deriguit;

formidine sanguis

260

cecidere animi, nec iam amplius armis,

sed votis precibusque iubent exposcere pacem,

obscenaeque volucres. Et pater Anchises passis de litore palmis numina magna vocat, meritosque indicit honores ‘Di, prohibete minas; di, talem avertite casum,

sive deae, seu sint dirae

:

265

et placidi servate pios!’

The Trojans

Turn

Buthrotum

Sail to

funem

litore

deripere, excussosque iubet laxare rudentes.

Tendunt vela Noti; fugimus spumantibus undis, qua cursum ventusque gubernatorque vocabat. Iam medio apparet fluctu nemorosa Zacynthos

Used here

252. Furiarum: isters

of divine vengeance,

until; tmesis,

sas ..

.

in Italy (VII. in this

datam:

absumere:

in a

107

ff.),

.

.

.

.

.

Neritos:

.

.

From

malis:

mala.

.

.

.

257.

quam: ambe-

After the Trojans landed

they ate a meal on the shore, using their cakes as plates; their blood,

honores: proclaims fit sacrifice. .

555. ante

256. caedis: i.e., attempted murder.

way, the prophecy of Celaeno was

267. excussos

254. (ad) Italiam.

(natu).

gnaw and devour,

TeferQncQ,asformy companions, .

general sense; both Harpies and Furies were min-

maxima

i.e., fatis.

270

rudentes:

uncoil

fulfilled harmlessly. .

.

.

261.

259. sociis: Dat. of

pacem = veniam. 264. meritos

266. placidi servate: he merciful

and

let

out

sheets.

and

deliver.

270. Zacynthos

Places off the west coast of Greece between the Strophades and the

promontory of Actium.

104

See

map

of Aeneas’s voyage, pp. 108-109.

Liber

m

Dulichiumque Sameque

et

Neritos ardua saxis.

Efifugimus scopulos Ithacae, Laertia regna, et

terram altricem saevi exsecramur Ulixi.

Mox et

Leucatae nimbosa cacumina mentis

et

formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo.

Hunc petimus

fessi et

ancora de prora

275

parvae succedimus urbi;

iacitur, stant litore

Ergo insperata tandem

puppes.

tellure potiti,

lustramurque lovi votisque incendimus aras,

Actiaque

Iliacis

celebramus

280

litora ludis.

Exercent patrias oleo labente palaestras nudati socii; iuvat evasisse tot urbes Argolicas, mediosque Interea

magnum

et glacialis

fugam

tenuisse per hostes.

sol circumvolvitur

annum,

hiems aquilonibus asperat undas.

285

Aere cavo clipeum, magni gestamen Abantis, postibus adversis figo, et rem carmine signo: Aeneas haec de Danais victoribus arma. Linquere turn portus iubeo et considere transtris: certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora verrunt. Protinus aerias Phaeacum abscondimus arces, litoraque Epiri legimus portuque subimus Chaonio, et celsam Buthroti accedimus urbem.

273. terrain altricem

Ulysses.

275. aperitur: shows

moored along

itself.

:

290

272. Laertia : of Laertes, father of the land that reared. 274. nimbosa: cloud-capped.

Apollo:

i.e.,

his

temple at Actium.

111. stant litore : ore

279. lustramur lovi: we prows are turned seaward. ‘\.Q., on account of their adventure with the Harpies. purify ourselves in honor of Jove, 280. Actia The mention of Actium is a compliment to Augustus, who here won his victory over Antony in 3 b.c., and instituted the games held on the spot every five the shore,

i.e.,

the

:

1

years,

celebramus:

In

its literal

281. oleo labente:

sense, throng.

i.e.,

anointed

custom with ancient gymnasts. 282. nudati: As was the custom 284. annum: Obj. of circum in cirin ancient games, iuvat (nos): we are glad. cumvolvitur. a 286. Aere cavo: Of hollow bronze, gestamen: once carried by trophy taken by Aeneas from a Greek warrior, now dedicated to the gods in thankfulness for their protection. 287. postibus adversis: on the front portal, as one 288. Aeneas (dedicat), de: entered the temple, rem: my act. carmine: inscription. won from. 289. turn: In the following spring. The Trojans spent the whole winter abscondimus: we lose sight of 291. Phaeacum: Modem Corfu, at Actium. with

oil,

as

was

the

—

292. legimus:

Liber

HI

we coast

along.

293. Chaonio:

A

region in Epirus.

105

:

The Meeting with Andromache and Helenas

Hie

rerum fama occupat aures,

incredibilis

Priamiden Helenum Graias regnare per urbes, coniugio Aeacidae Pyrrhi sceptrisque potitum, et patrio

Andromachen iterum

295

cessisse marito.

Obstipui, miroque incensum pectus amore,

compellare virum

et

casus cognoscere tantos.

Progredior portu, classes sollemnes

cum

300

et litora linquens,

dona

forte dapes et tristia

ad undam libabat cineri Andromache, Manesque vocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum, viridi quern caespite inanem ante

et

urbem

in luco falsi Simoentis

geminas, causam lacrimis, sacraverat aras.

305

Ut me conspexit venientem et Troia circum arma amens vidit, magnis exterrita monstris deriguit visu in medio, calor ossa reliquit; labitur, et

‘Verane

longo vix tandem tempore fatur:

nate dea?

310

verus mihi nuntius affers,

te facies,

Vivisne, aut,

lux

si

alma

recessit.

Hector ubi est?’ Dixit, lacrimasque effudit implevit clamore locum. Vix pauca furenti

et

omnem

subicio, et raris turbatus vocibus hisco

‘Vivo equidem, vitamque extrema per omnia duco;

ne dubita,

nam

Heu, quis

te

excipit, aut

Hectoris

315

vera vides.

casus deiectam coniuge tanto

quae digna

satis

Andromachen?

fortuna revisit

Pyrrhin’ conubia servas?’

Helenum regnare: Indir. discourse depending on fama. After the fall of 296. coTroy, Helenus and Andromache became the prizes of Pyrrhus, per: over. 295.

.

=

.

.

Aeacidae: great-grandson of Aeacus, of her own country: her father had been an ally of Troy.

niugio

fired. it

coniuge.

300. portu

=

ex portu.

302. falsi:

chanced.

to the ashes {oi HteXor).

Named

301. sollemnes:

affers:

appeal out.

she

Manes:

swooned.

Do you appear (lit.

ravings).

315. extrema:

to

me a

first

cum

forte: just when, as

longo ... tempore.

true form, a real

extremes

303. cineri:

believe that these were really Trojans.

309. (post)

314. subicio: I reply,

297. patrio:

304. inanem: an empty tomb {which).

his spirit.

317. deiectam: robbed or deprived.

106

annual,

Pyrrhus.

298. incensum (est): was

after the original Simois, in Troy.

307. monstris: portent; she could not at 308. deriguit:

i.e.

messenger?

310. Verane...

313. furenti: to her wild

vocibus: Abl. of manner,

of fortune. 319. Pyrrhin’

316. ne

=

dubita

=

hisco: I gasp noli

dubitare.

Pyrrhine.

Liber

HI

Andromache

Tells

Her Story

Deiecit vultum et demissa voce locuta est:

‘O

felix

una ante

alias

Priameia virgo,

tumulum Troiae sub moenibus mori, quae sortitus non pertulit ullos,

hostilem ad iussa

nec victoris

eri tetigit

320

altis

captiva cubile!

Nos, patria incensa, diversa per aequora vectae, stirpis Achilleae fastus iuvenemque superbum, servitio enixae, tulimus:

325

qui deinde, secutus

Ledaeam Hermionen Lacedaemoniosque hymenaeos, me famulo famulamque Heleno transmisit habendam. Ast ilium, ereptae magno inflammatus amore

330

coniugis et scelerum Furiis agitatus, Orestes

incautum patriasque obtruncat ad aras. Morte Neoptolemi regnorum reddita cessit

excipit

campos Chaoniamque omnem Troiano a Chaone dixit, Pergamaque lliacamque iugis hanc addidit arcem. Sed tibi qui cursum venti, quae fata dedere? Aut quisnam ignarum nostris deus appulit oris? Quid puer Ascanius? superatne et vescitur aura,

pars Heleno, qui Chaonios cognomine

335

—

iam Troia Ecqua tamen puero est amissae cura parentis? Ecquid in antiquam virtutem animosque viriles quern

tibi

et pater

Aeneas

et

340

avunculus excitat Hector?’

321. Priameia virgo: maiden daughter of Priam, Polyxena, sacrificed by Pyrrhus at the tomb of Achilles. 323. sortitus: allotment, like the other Trojan captives. 325. Nos: son, Pyrrhus.

328.

326. stirpis ... fastus: the arrogance of Achilles's named Molossus. 327. servitio enixae: bearing him a son as a slave

/,

unlike Polyxena.

—

Ledaeam: of Leda's

race.

Hermione was

the only child of Menelaus

and Helen,

Before the Trojan war, she was betrothed to Orestes, but her father

daughter of Leda.

who was

329. famulo by Orestes in revenge. famulamque: Both Helenus and Andromache were slaves of Pyrrhus. 331. scelerum Furiis: madness born of crime; he had killed his mother Clytemnestra, and his frenzy 335. Chaone: A testifies to a guilty conscience. 332. incautum: off guard. 336. Pergama ... arcem: a new brother of Helenus, accidentally killed by him.

afterwards gave her to Pyrrhus,

slain

Pergama, even the citadel of Troy, iugis ... addidit: crowned these hills with; iugis is dat. 339. Quid: How fares? superat = super337. tibi: as for you or what about you. Troia: An incomplete line; the thought suggests whom Creusa est. 340. quern 342. Ecquid: At all. bore to you when Troy was under siege. 341. parentis: Creusa. .

Liber

ID

.

.

107

LS

COR-YTprUs

J'

\

X Pallamteu^^(roma)_

'f

y

>q.C ijL, at auro; ironde nr mit criiTfem tineens^jajque i

^

nT

waxA, onant umens; hand i11q senior ibat^ Aeneas, tantum egregio de^s^ltet ore. in montes at^e invia Postquai^ altos

?

\^0C/\

/

lustra,

v ffiTus, acri

M

^

dei^ae vertice, c^rhe i^s; ali^e parte p^e^T trS^^ntunt cursu damnos atque agrn^na cervi jiml^Kilenta fuga gKxn^ntmontesque relinquunt.

ygcce jeirae, saxi

At puer Ascanius

150

^^ 155

^

V4M^>e^

4A
X m\X^.

in

a Cave

^vvjrrAA/^^ KxjrrAA"

•

160

incipit;

»

Shfet Troiana iuVentus,

et Tyrii

V

v

Darnannisnne nenrts Veneris diversa per ^ros^^^ montib[3^s amnes. >peiuncam uiao aur et Troianys ea aeveniunt: prima et Tellus et pronuba luno /\ .^.a

k

darit

}c^

/l^
respice. cui

lieV^is luli

et

Romanaque

Italiae

Tali Cyuenius ore locutus, deoentur. Av>’;i^it: Am'; tolls to

Dido’s Suspicions

—

quis fallere possit amantem? At regina dolos praesensit, motusque excepit prima futuros, omnia tuta dyiens. Eadem impia Fama furenti detulit ^/mari classem cursumque parari. Saevit inops animi, tgtarnaue ir^nsa per urbem

b'aiWr:

—

qualis

^^0^300 h

Th^ias, ubi audito stimulant ineterrca Baccho

nocturnusque vocat clamore Cithaeron.

3rgia,

Tandem

Quo

283. i.e.,

his

.

.

Aenean compellat vocibus .

afTatu

:

with what words,

ultro:

furentem: Proleptic.

(ei)

alternanti:

289. aptent between two courses. dissimulent: Commands discourse, directing them to. 290. rebus novandis: for this change of

in his perplexity

in indir.

287.

.

.

.

.

.

.

modus: Indir. discourse, hence the subjunc. in the subordinate clauses. 292. rumpi non speret: does not suspect the breaking of. 293. temptaturum (esse) aditus: will seek the {best way of) approach. 294. rebus dexter: best

plans.

291. sese

.

.

.

suited to his purpose.

297. excepit: surmised

animi:

bereft

of reason;

{\\X.

298. tuta: {though seeming) safe.

caught).

the subject

is

Dido.

301. bacchatur:

raves,

300. inops qualis

.

.

Cithaeron: like a Bacchanal, roused by the waving of the sacred emblems, when the cry of Bacchus is heard and the bienn ial revel goads her to frenzy; and by night with its

TheT^tival of Bacchus was held at Thebes every third year; the night revels were celebrated on Mt. Cithaeron near Thebes. 302. Thyias: Two syllables. 304. ultro = prior: She speaks to him before he addresses her. shouts Cithaeron calls her.

140

Liber

IV

.

Dido Reproaches Aeneas

“Dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantum

305

posse nefas tacitusque niea decedere terra? t

Nec

noster amor, nec te data dextera

te

nec moritura

teijiet

crupeli (funere pido?|

Quin etiam hiberno moliris et

sidere classem,

mediis properas aquilonibus

crudelis? / Quid,

si

quondam,

ire

.

per alturn,

J/

^ ^

310

non arva aliena domosque

ignotas peteres, sed Troia antiqua maneret,

Troia per undosum peteretur classibus aequor?

Mene

Per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam

fugis?

(quando aliud mihi iam miserae

te

315

nihil ipsa reliqui),

per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, si

bene quid de

dulce oro,

meum,

merui,

te

fuit

domus

miserere

aut

quicquam

labentis, et istam

quis adhuc precibus locus

si

tibi

—

— exue mentem.

Te propter Libycae gentes Nomadumque tyranni odere, infensi Tyrii; te propter eundem exstinctus pudor, et, qua sola sidera adibam, fama prior. Cui me moribundam deseris, hospes? hoc solum nomen quoniam de coniuge restat. Quid moror? An mea Pygmalion dum moenia frater destruat, aut captam ducat Gaetulus larbas? Saltern si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi parvulus aula luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret, non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer.’' j/ 1^ 306. tacitus: pledge.

Emphatic;

i.e.,

setting out for

314. nihil:

311. Quid:

309. sidere: season.

Mene

it

even

your old home were

such a season.

at

fugis:

if

Is

it

from me

anything

in

purpose or resolve.

me. 320.

307. dextera:

Liber IV

your

How

313. peteretur: Contrary-to-fact in present time.

you are fleeing?

te:

With

315. aliud

oro.

1

.

.

Te propter

=

propter

te.

321. odere (me),

adibam eundem too. by which alone / was to 322. qua 324. hoc... nomen: i.e., guest, 323. moribundam: soon to die. that of husband. 325. Quid moror: i.e.. Why postpone my death. 329. qui ... referret: who would recall; rel. clause of purpose, though you have deserted me. 330. capta: deceived. :

330

would it be? 312. Troia: standing, you would not think of

i.e.,

still

325

.

317. de te: at your hands, quicquam can appeal. 318. domus: Gen. with verb of pitying. 319. mentem:

nothing else, to which

meum:

that

stealthily.

320

.

.

.

:

.

.

infensi (sunt),

win immortality.

de coniuge: from

An:

Is

it

until

tamen: after

141

.

.

.

all,

:

Aeneas’s Reply

Dixerat.

lumina,

immota tenebat

lovis monitis

Ille

,

,

,

.

obnixus curam sub corde premebat. pauca refert: “Ego te, quae plurima fando

et

Tandem

enumerare vales, numqu^m, regina, negabo^^J^ promeritam; nec me meminisse pigebit Elissae,

dum memor Pro

pauca

re

speravi

dum

ipse mei,

— ne

hos

regit artus.

Neque ego hanc abscondere

[bcfua r.

finge

spiritus

335 furto

— fugam, nec coniugis umquam

praetendi taedas, aut haec in foedera veni.

Me

si

fata meis paterentur ducere

340

vitam

mea componere curas, urbem Troianam primum dulcesque meorum. reliquias colerem, Pnami tecta ^a manereni, et recidiva manu posuissem Pergama victis.

auspiciis et sponte

Sed nunc Italiam

magnam Gryneus

,

.

cc^' 345

Apollo,

Italiam Lyciae iussere capessere sortes hie amor, haec patria est.

Si te

Karthaginis arces,

Phoenissam, Libycaeque aspectus detinet urbis,

quae tandem, Ausonia Teucros considere invidia est?

Me

terra,

350

Et nos fas extera quaerere regna.

umentibus umbris

patris Anchisae, quotiens

nox operit terras, quotiens astra ignea surgunt, admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago;

me

puer Ascanius capitisque iniuria

quern regno Hesperiae fraudo

Nunc

355

et fatalibus arvis. -

etiam interpres divum, love missus ab ipso

331. monitis: Abl. of cause.

quae plurima ... promeritam things that you can claim in words. 339. praetendi taedas:

such compact. /

As

337. Pro re:

mei (sum).

would

(esse):

335.

me

.

.

pigebit: shall I be sorry.

.

.

.

.

auspiciis:

be cherishing,

Troy, on the site of the old city.

still

haec

according to

today.

336. ipse

do not imagine it. foedera veni: made any

338. ne finge:

the case requires.

made pretense of marriage,

340. meis still

curam: pain. 333. that you have deserved (of me) the many

332. obnixus: with great effort,

te

lerem:

cari,

in

my own

344. recidiva

.

.

343. co-

direction. .

Pergama: a second Italy that. Gryneus

Emphatic, it is Lyciae: Grynium in Asia Minor and Patara in Lycia had oracles of Apollo. invidia est: what objection is there to. 353. turbida imago: 349. quae tandem troubled ghost of Anchises. 354. puer: i.e., the thought of the boy. 355. fatali.

.

345. Italiam:

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

bus: destined.

142

Liber

IV

tester

utrumque caput ipse

detulit;

deum

—

celeres

mandata per auras

manifesto in lumine vidi

intrantem muros, vocemque his auribus hausi.

Desine meque Italiam

incendere teque querelis;

tuis

360

non sponte sequor.”

Dido’s Anger Increases

iamdudum

Talia dicentem

hue

volvens oculos, totumque pererrat

illuc

luminibus

“Nec

aversa tuetur,

tacitis, et sic

accensa profatur:

diva parens, generis nec Dardanus auctor,

tibi

sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens

perfide;

Caucasus, Hyreanaeque admorunt ubera

Nam Num Num

365

quid dissimulo, aut quae

ingemuit nostro?

fletu

tigres.

me ad maiora

Num

lumina

reservo?

flexit?

amantem est? Quae quibus anteferam? lam iam nec maxima luno, lacrimas victus dedit, aut miseratus

370

nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis.

Nusquam

Eiectum

tuta fides.

excepi, et regni

demens

egentem

litore,

in parte locavi;

amissam classem, socios

morte reduxi. Heu furiis incensa feror! Nunc augur Apollo, nunc Lyciae sortes, nunc et love missus ab ipso interpres

divum

I,

labor

Neque

sollicitat.

375

horrida iussa per auras.

fert

Scilicet is superis

a

est,

te teneo,

ea cura quietos

neque dicta

380

refello.

sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per undas.

357. tester 362.

.

.

.

caput

:

I

iamdudum aversa

363. (eum) totum:

i.e.,

swear by your head and mine. tuetur:

from head

has viewed him to foot.

all

along

with

face

averted.

This and the

366. duris ... cautibus:

Hyrcanae tigres commonly express hard-heartedness in love poetry. 368. maiora (mala). 367. admorunt = admoverunt. ubera (tibi): i.e., suckled you. 369. Num nostro: Did he sigh when / wept? 371. Quae quibus anteferam: What 373. tuta (est): to shall / say first, what last (lit., What shall I put before what). be trusted. 376. Nunc ... nunc ... nunc: Emphasis and scorn; i.e., but now he following

.

is

.

.

the child of destiny.

about Aeneas,

Liber IV

379. Scilicet: Verily,

quietos (eos): their tranquil

i.e.,

a likely story,

cura:

life.

143

trouble,

Spero equidem mediis, supplicia

hausurum

cum

quid pia numina possunt,

scopulis, et

Sequar

saepe vocaturum. et

si

nomine Dido

atris ignibus absens,

mors anima seduxerit

frigida

385

artus,

omnibus umbra locis adero. Dabis, improbe, poenas. Audiam, et haec Manes veniet mihi fama sub imos.” His medium dictis sermonem abrumpit, et auras aegra

fugit,

seque ex oculis avertit

et aufert,

linquens multa metu cunctantem et multa parantem dicere.

Suscipiunt famulae, collapsaque

marmoreo

390

membra

referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt.

Preparations for Departure

At pius Aeneas, quamquam solando cupit

lenire

dolentem

et dictis avertere curas,

multa gemens magnoque animum labefactus amore, iussa tamen divum exsequitur, classemque revisit.

395

Turn vero Teucri incumbunt, et litore celsas deducunt toto naves; natat uncta carina; frondentesque ferunt remos et robora silvis 400

infabricata, fugae studio.

Migrantes cernas, totaque ex urbe ruentes.

Ac velut ingentem formicae farris acervum cum populant, hiemis memores, tectoque reponunt; it

nigrum campis agmen, praedamque per herbas

convectant calle angusto; pars grandia trudunt

405

obnixae frumenta umeris; pars agmina cogunt castigantque moras; opere omnis semita fervet.

382. equidem: i.e., .

.

.

say

pia:

at least,

like a Fury.

392. thalamo:

things.

393. pius:

A

384. atris ignibus:

388. auras: the light of day

(eum) cunctantem: hesitating

many

righteous.

to

say much,

to her

{lit.,

is

doing his duty to the gods and

397. incumbunt: set to work.

399. frondentes:

untrimmed boughs.

see them;

405. pars

aliae:

144

Hence a

398. uncta:

401. cernas:

potential subjunc., normally the imp. in prose.

=

390. multa

chamber.

strong reminder that Aeneas

still

the open air).

multa parantem dicere: preparing to

reluctant to leave Dido. i.e.,

with smoking fire-

you

(i.e.,

is

well-pitched.

one) might

403. reponunt:

store.

plural verb.

Liber IV

.

:

:

..

:

Dido’s Final Appeal

Quis

Dido, cernenti

tibi turn,

quosve dabas gemitus, prospiceres arce ex

cum

talia

sensus?

litora fervere late

summa, totumque

410

videres

misceri ante oculos tantis clamoribus aequor?

Improbe Amor, quid non mortalia pectora cogis? temptare precando

Ire iterum in lacrimas, iterum

cogitur, et supplex

animos summittere amori,

ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat.

415

“Anna, vides toto properari litore; circum undique convenere; vocat iam carbasus auras, puppibus

nautae imposuere coronas.

et laeti

Hunc ego

potui tantum sperare dolorem,

si

Miserae hoc tamen

et perferre, soror, potero.

Solam nam perfidus

exsequere, Anna, mihi.

arcanos etiam

te colere,

unum

420

ille

credere sensus;

tibi

tempora noras. I, soror, atque hostem supplex affare superbum non ego cum Danais Troianam exscindere gentem Aulide iuravi, classemve ad Pergama misi, nec patris Anchisae cineres Manesve revelli;

sola viri molles aditus et

cur

mea

Quo

425

dicta negat duras demittere in aures?

Extremum hoc miserae det munus amanti exspectet facilemque fugam ventosque ferentes. Non iam coniugium antiquum, quod prodidit, oro, nec pulchro ut Latio careat regnumque relinquat ruit?

408. Quis

form of

also,

my

No

sensus (erat): quis 412. quid

Hunc

sister,

.

.

is

grave;

in

=

dir. obj.

.

used as an interrog. adj.

is

cogis:

Compare with Book

to

endure

has

.

.

III.

413. Ire

56.

420. tamen

it.

made you

his friend;

.

.

.

mihi:

still

=

432. pulchro relinquat:

.

.

.

careat:

this

423. molles

historical infin.

most accessible; noras

fleet

you can do

.

.

one .

.

424. hostem:

noveras.

426. Aulide: Aulis, in Boeotia, was revelli:

i.e.,

from the

his race.”

Sarcastic, lose his fair

Latium;

430. feabl. of

Substantive clause after oro, which also has the noun

coniugium.

Liber IV

Old

416. properari:

.Aeneas.

427. on its way to Troy. have wronged neither Aeneas nor

Greek

other words, “I

ut

409. fervere:

Impers., signs of potero: If I have been able to foresee this great sorrow, I shall i.e.,

he called coniunx or even hospes.

secundos.

separation,

.

his heart is

the rendezvous of the

rentes

.

be able

how and when

longer

.

temptare (eum):

422. te colere:

favor.

noras:

.

to.

419.

haste.

.

fervere.

Resort

in:

.

430

145

.

tempus inane peto, requiem spatiumque

dum mea me

furori,

victam doceat fortuna dolere.

—

—

miserere sororis Extremam hanc oro veniam quam mihi cum dederit, cumulatam morte remittam.”

Aeneas Remains Steadfast

in

435

His Decision

Talibus orabat, talesque miserrima fletus fertque refertque soror: fletibus,

sed nullis

ille

movetur

aut voces ullas tractabilis audit;

440

fata obstant, placidasque viri deus obstruit aures. 433. tempus inane: nothing but time.

436.

quam

meaning it

is

.

.

.

remittam:

that

A

434. dolere:

puzzling verse to scholars for centuries.

when Aeneas

grants

Dido

with interest (cumulatam) by her death

the favor of “a

little

i.e.,

how

to

.

.

The accepted

time,” she will repay

— a boon to Aeneas since

it

would

free

him

for his journey to Italy.

437. tales ... fletus: such tearful appeals. naturally sympathetic.

439. aut:

nor.

440. placidas:

i.e.,

cum

Ac, velut annoso validam

robore quercum

Alpini Boreae nunc hinc nunc fiatibus eruere inter se certant;

stridor, et altae

it

consternunt terram concusso ipsa haeret scopulis, aetherias,

et,

baud secus

in

frondes;

stipite

quantum

tantum radice

illinc

ad auras

vertice

445

Tartara tendit:

assiduis hinc atque hinc vocibus heros

magno

tunditur, et

persentit pectore curas;

mens immota manet; lacrimae volvuntur

inanes.

Dido’s Despair

Turn vero

mortem

Quo

infelix fatis exterrita

orat;

Dido

450

taedet caeli convexa tueri.

magis inceptum peragat lucemque relinquat,

vidit, turicremis

horrendum

cum dona imponeret

dictu, latices nigrescere sacros,

obscenum Hoc visum nulli, non

fusaque

aris,

in

cruorem.

se vertere vina

455

ipsi efifata sorori.

marmore templum miro quod honore colebat,

Praeterea fuit in tectis de coniugis antiqui,

velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum:

460

hinc exaudiri voces et verba vocantis visa viri,

nox cum

terras

solaque culminibus saepe queri

et

ferali

obscura teneret;

carmine bubo

longas in fletum ducere voces;

multaque praeterea vatum praedicta priorum terribili monitu horrificant. Agit ipse furentem 441. annoso ... robore: stridor:

a creaking sound

far

448. tunditur:

as.

is

is

heard.

assailed.

with

its

444. consternunt:

449. lacrimae

.

.

.

465 443.

strength of years. strew.

445. quantum:

it

as

inanes: his tears are shed in

vain.

451. (earn) taedet ... tueri:

heaven.

Quo

454. latices:

pose. to the

461.

452.

.

.

.

peragat:

water.

Manes of Sychaeus.

viri:

Impers., she

And

weary of the s{^ht of the canopy of

is

so that she

455. obscenum:

459. velleribus

husband, Sychaeus.

may more

ill-omened.

=

462. solaque

.

vittis. .

.

certainly fulfill her pur-

457. templum:

festa:

voces:

festal,

and alone upon

solemn. the house

seemed to complain and prolong its lingering cry into 465. Agit (earn) Superstitions about owls seem to be almost universal.

top with funereal note the owl often

a

i.e.,

shrine,

wail.

furentem :

Liber IV

pursues her frantic.

147

:

somnis ferus Aeneas; semperque relinqui

in

sola sibi,

viam,

ire

semper longam incomitata videtur et

Tyrios deserta quaerere terra.

Eumenidum veluti demens videt agmina Pentheus, et solem geminum et duplices se ostendere Thebas; aut Agamemnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes armatam

cum

facibus

matrem

et

470

serpentibus atris

sedent in limine Dirae.

fugit, ultricesque

The Plans

for a Funeral

Pyre

Ergo ubi concepit furias evicta dolore decrevitque mori, tempus secum ipsa modumque exigit, et,

maestam

consilium vultu

dictis aggressa

tegit,

475

sororem,

ac spem fronte serenat:

— gratare sorori —

“Inveni, germana, viam

quae mihi reddat eum, vel eo me solvat amantem. Oceani finem iuxta solemque cadentem ultimus Aethiopum locus

axem umero torquet

480

maximus Atlas ardentibus aptum

est,

stellis

ubi

hinc mihi Massylae gentis monstrata sacerdos,

Hesperidum templi custos, epulasque draconi quae dabat, et sacros servabat in arbore ramos, spargens umida mella soporiferumque papaver. 467. sibi:

Tyrios: She seems to be homeless. the worship of Bacchus, in

first

driven

With

videtur.

469. Pentheus:

mad and

dixxd

twofold Thebes,."

468. viam: Cognate acc.

king of Thebes,

who opposed

then killed by Bacchanals.

the play called The Bacchae, has Pentheus say,

suns

A

485

“And now methinks

471. scaenis agitatus: pursued over the stage.

Euripides, I

see two

Orestes:

Son of Agamemnon, pursued by the Furies for slaying his mother Clytemnestra, because she had killed his father. Vergil draws his similes from The Bacchae of Euripides and The Eumenides of Aeschylus, plays seen on the Roman stage. 472. matrem: Clytemnestra, in the form of an avenging Fury. 473. in limine: To prevent his escape. 474. concepit furias: 477. consilium

.

.

.

hope upon her brow.

=

caelum,

became frenzied. 476. exigit: considers (lit. examines). masks her design with a cheerful face, and assumes an air of

serenat:

aptum:

479. reddat: Rel. purpose clause, studded.

483. hinc:

from

that

solvat: release.

place.

482.

axem

484. Hesperidum:

Daughters of Hesperus, called the Hesperides, were the guardians of the golden apples. 486. soporiferum: Stock epithet with papaver, but misleading here, for the poppyseed is

not intended to be soporific in this context.

148

Liber IV

:

:

Haec quas

se

carminibus promittit solvere mentes

velit, ast aliis

aquam

sistere

duras immittere curas, vertere sidera retro;

fluviis, et

nocturnosque movet Manes; mugire videbis sub pedibus terram, et descendere montibus ornos. Testor, cara, deos et

490

germana, tuumque

te,

dulce caput, magicas invitam accingier artes.

Tu

pyram tecto interiore sub auras arma viri, thalamo quae fixa reliquit

secreta

edge, et

495

impius, exuviasque omnes, lectumque iugalem,

quo

peril,

cuncta

Haec

superimponas: abolere nefandi

viri

monumenta

iuvat,

monstratque sacerdos.”

pallor simul occupat ora.

effata silet;

Non tamen Anna

novis praetexere funera sacris

germanam

nec tantos mente furores

credit,

quam morte

concipit, aut graviora timet,

500

Sychaei

ergo iussa parat.

Dido’s Sacrifice to the Gods Below

At

regina, pyra penetrali in sede sub auras

erecta ingenti taedis atque ilice secta,

intenditque locum

sertis, et

505

fronde coronat

funerea; super exuvias ensemque relictum

effigiemque toro locat, baud ignara futuri.

Stant arae circum, et crines effusa sacerdos ter

centum tonat ore deos, Erebumque Chaosque,

510 mentes

487. promittit: professes, .

.

.

velit

:

such hearts as she pleases.

=

490. movet

evocat.

493. caput

(me) accingier: Old form of accingi, that I employ or have recourse

of middle voice verb. 495. fixa:

hanging.

497. superimponas:

500. novis

.

.

.

496. impius:

sacris:

strange

fronde:

i.e.,

well knowing what

is

no longer

sub auras: pius.

498. (me) iuvat:

in

it

is

air.

raiment.

my

wish.

502. morte: Abl. of time when.

cypress. to follow;

litotes.

with

rites.

509. crines effusa:

three hundred stands for

510. ter centum:

tonat ore: loudly invokes.

Erebum

.

.

with disheveled hair, as

.

any

Dianae: The powers of dark-

ness and mystery.

Liber IV

the open

exuvias:

Impers.,

Obj.

artes:

506. intendit: pinewood and oaken planks. 508. effigiem: the image of Aeneas, baud ... futuri

lofty

appropriate to these magic great number,

rites.

adv., in secret,

wretch;

Imperative force.

505. ingenti ... secta : strews,

As

494. secreta:

to.

self.

:

149

tergeminamque Hecaten,

tria virginis

ora Dianae.

Sparserat et latices simulates fontis Averni,

lunam quaeruntur

falcibus et messae ad

pubentes herbae nigri

cum

aenis

lacte veneni;

515

quaeritur et nascentis equi de fronte revulsus et

matri praereptus amor.

Ipsa

mola manibusque

unum

pedem

exuta

piis altaria iuxta,

vinclis, in veste recincta,

testatur moritura decs et conscia fati

quod non aequo foedere amantes curae numen habet iustumque memorque, precatur. turn,

sidera;

520

si

Dido’s Grief

Nox

placidum carpebant fessa soporem

erat, et

corpora per aequora:

cum medio

cum

omnis

tacet

quaeque lacus rura tenent,

saeva quierant

terras, silvaeque et

volvuntur sidera lapsu, 525

ager, pecudes pictaeque volucres,

late liquidos,

somno

quaeque aspera dumis

positae sub nocte silenti

lenibant curas, et corda oblita laborum.

At non

infelix

solvitur in

animi Phoenissa, nec

umquam

somnos, oculisve aut pectore noctem 511. tria... ora:

530

In apposition with Hecaten, three aspects

— as

Diana among the gods above, as Luna, the moon, and as Hecate, goddess of witchcraft in the

underworld.

512. Averni:

Ancients believed that the entrance to the

passage to the abode of the dead stood here, near Cumae, not far from Naples.

by moonlight, aenis: Use of bronze implements in sacred rites was a very ancient custom. 515. quaeritur. .amor: The reference is to hippomanes, a powerful love charm, amor, supposed to be a growth on the forehead of a newborn colt, which the mare devoured if she could. If, however, this love charm was snatched 513. ad lunam:

.

beforehand from the mare, matri praereptus, she refused to rear the colt. 517. Ipsa: Dido herself, piis: With both mola and manibus, holy; the mola salsa was used in 518. unum vinclis: sacrifices. with one foot unsandaled, recincta: ungirdled; the loose garments were associated with magic rites. 519. conscia fati: that know .

.

.

520. si quod (= quodcumque) of Fate. watch over unhappy lovers; curae is dat. of purpose.

the secrets

523. quierant tae:

quieverant.

brightly plumed.

literation of is

=

relaxed

/

sound.

.

.

.

habet:

524. volvuntur: rollon, lapsu

526. quaeque ... tenent:

528. lenibant

=

leniebant.

whatever power keeps

=

cursu.

525. pic-

both those that haunt. 530. solvitur in:

Note

sink to

al-

(lit.,

into).

150

Liber IV

ingeminant curae, rursusque resurgens saevit amor, magnoque irarurrf fluctuat aestu.

accipit:

adeo insistit, secumque ita corde volutat: “En, quid ago? Rursusne procos irrisa priores

Sic

Nomadumque petam

experiar,

conubia supplex,

535

quos ego sim totiens iam dedignata maritos? Iliacas igitur classes atque ultima

Quiane auxilio iuvat ante

iussa sequar?

bene apud memores veteris

et

Quis

me

Teucrum

autem, fac

invisam accipiet?

levatos,

stat gratia facti?

velle, sinet,

ratibusve superbis

Nescis heu, perdita,

540

necdum

Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis? Quid turn, sola fuga nautas comitabor ovantes, an Tyriis omnique manu stipata meorum inferar, et, quos Sidonia vix urbe revelli,

agam

rursus

pelago, et ventis dare vela iubebo?

Quin morere,

Tu

545

ut merita es, ferroque averte dolorem.

lacrimis evicta meis, tu prima furentem

germana, malis oneras atque obicis

his,

Non

licuit

Non

thalami expertem sine crimine vitam

more

degere,

hosti.

550

nec tangere curas!

ferae, tales

servata fides cineri promissa Sychaeo!”

Tantos

ilia

suo rumpebat pectore questus.

Mercury Again Warns Aeneas

Aeneas

celsa in

puppe, iam certus eundi,

carpebat somnos, rebus iam

555

rite paratis.

Then she begins in this way. 534. irrisa mocked or ridiculed. 535. Nomadum: Contemptuous, i.e., among these African wild men. 538. sequar: (1) follow; (2) submit; zeugma. Quiane ... facti Shall I do this because they are thankful for past help, and gratitude for a former favor lives in their •

•

•

533. Sic

.

.

.

insistit

:

:

:

mindful hearts?

Emphatic,

540. fac

nautas:

Of Aeneas.

voicej/Jwr^wf', as a foe. It

was you, you, I say,

Historical pres.

have passed vata (est).

Liber TV

my

(me)

550. life like

velle:

but suppose I

544. stipata

=

were

comitata.

547. Quin morere: Nay, rather die. that first;

Non

.

.

.

Dido apostrophizes Anna.

curas:

Why

might not

I,

543. sola:

willing.

545. inferar:

548.

Tu

Middle

... tu prima:

549. oneras, obicis:

unmarried, above reproach,

some wild creature and never known such sorrow.

Sychaeo: Adj.

151

552. ser-

forma dei vultu redeuntis eodem obtulit in somnis, rursusque ita visa monere est omnia Mercurio similis, vocemque coloremque Huic

se

et crines flavos et

membra decora

—

iuventa:

“Nate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somnos, nec, quae te circum stent deinde pericula, cernis, demens, nec Zephyros audis spirare secundos? Ilia dolos dirumque nefas in pectore versat,

560

certa mori, varioque irarum fluctuat aestu.

Non

fugis hinc praeceps,

lam mare

dum

565

praecipitare potestas?

turbari trabibus, saevasque videbis

iam fervere litora flammis, si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem. Heia age, rumpe moras. Varium et mutabile semper

collucere faces,

570

Sic fatus nocti se immiscuit atrae.

femina.”

Departure of the Trojans

Turn vero Aeneas, corripit e

somno

subitis extern tus umbris,

corpus, sociosque fatigat:

“Praecipites vigilate, solvite vela

considite transtris;

viri, et

Deus aethere missus ab

citi.

alto

fugam tortosque incidere funes ecce iterum instimulat. Sequimur te, sancte deorum, quisquis es, imperioque iterum paremus ovantes.

575

festinare

Adsis

O

placidusque iuves,

dextra feras.”

et sidera caelo

vaginaque

Dixit,

fulmineum, strictoque

eripit

ensem 580

retinacula ferro.

ferit

Idem omnes simul ardor habet, rapiuntque ruuntque; 556. eodem:

i.e.,

as before,

1.

...somnos: sleep on at such a determined 565.

to

Non =

566. Iam:

die;

569. Heia age: 571. umbris:

holy one divine.

fugis

trabibus:

Up

at once.

vision.

what

is

dum

(tibi)

Dido’s

fleet.

fugies. i.e..

Varium:

i.e.,

sky propitious.

Be

is

Hypermetric.

560. sub

564. certa mori:

now

a rare, poetical construction.

potestas (est):

while

568. attigerit:

still

finds;

you may. fut.

perf.

a fickle creature.

575. festinare (nos).

578. Adsis ... feras:

stars (weather) in the will;

=

Dido.

563. Ilia:

crisis.

the infin. used with an adj.

Nonne. Soon,

558. coloremque:

265.

576. sancte deorum: Partitive gen.,

with us

and graciously aid us, and make the they work with a

581. rapiuntque ruuntque:

the literal translation?

152

Liber IV

litora deseruere;

latet

sub classibus aequor;

spumas et caerula verrunt. Et iam prima novo spargebat lumine terras Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile. annixi torquent

585

Regina e speculis ut primum albescere lucem vidit, et

aequatis classem procedere

velis,

litoraque et vacuos sensit sine remige portus,

terque quaterque

manu

pectus percussa decorum,

flaventesque abscissa comas, “Pro luppiter, hie,” ait, “et nostris iliuserit

advena regnis? 585. Tithoni:

the

dawn.

See Tennyson’s

poem

590

ibit

Tithomis.

Husband of Aurora, goddess of

587. aequatis: even,

squarely across the mast as they were sailing before the wind.

i.e.,

they were set

589. percussa,

590. flaventes: Middle voice; translate actively. the poetic color 591. advena: adventurer or chance-comer. of the hair of heroes and heroines.

abscissa:

:

Non arma

expedient, totaque ex urbe sequentur,

deripientque rates ferte citi

navalibus?

alii

Ite,

flammas, date vela, impellite remos!

—

Quid loquor, aut ubi sum? Quae mentem insania mutat? Infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt. En dextra fidesque, Turn decuit, cum sceptra dabas. quern secum patrios aiunt portare Penates, quern subiisse umeris confectum aetate parentem! Non potui abreptum divellere corpus, et undis spargere? Non socios, non ipsum absumere ferro Ascanium, patriisque epulandum ponere mensis? fuisset. Verum anceps pugnae fuerat fortuna: Quern metui moritura? Faces in castra tulissem, implessemque foros flammis, natumque patremque

595

—

600

—

—

cum

genere exstinxem,

memet super

605

ipsa dedissem.”

Dido’s Curse

“Sol, qui terrarum flammis opera

tuque harum interpres curarum nocturnisque Hecate et

Dirae

triviis

ultrices, et di

et

conscia luno,

ululata per urbes,

610

morientis Elissae,

et nostras audite preces.

592. expedient:

i.e.,

the end of the fifth foot

my

is

Si

tangere portus

time,

first

at

unusual and gives the feeling of abruptness, just as the follow594. flammas

impia:

=

faces.

Implying disloyalty to the

596. nunc:

memory of

.

.

i.e.,

Sychaeus.

En Penates: So this is Non ( = Nonne) potui Could I

Then was {your regret) more fitting.

597. Turn decuit:

The pause

593. deripient: launch in haste.

followers.

ing verse gives the impression of speed.

now,

lustras,

meritumque mails advertite numen,

accipite haec,

for the

omnia

.

the

and honor of the man who, they say, 600. not rather. 602. epulandum ponere: served as a feast, as Atreus had served up to his brother Thyestes the flesh of Thyestes’ two sons. 603. fuerat: had been, more vivid than the subjunc. fuisset: Suppose it had been, oi ihdiC. 604. metui: had truth

I to fear,

decks.

.

tulissem:

I

agent and witness

.

.

.

.

should have hurled.

606. exstinxem

607. terrarum

.

=

omnia

exstinxissem. :

all

that

is

:

605. implessem

=

implevissem.

foros:

super: Adv., on top.

done on earth.

608.

harum

.

.

.

conscia

609. nocturnis: by night. of all these woes. triviis: Hecate was worshiped at a crossroad, where three roads met hence she was called Trivia, ululata: whose name is shrieked. 611. meritum . . numen: and direct {toward me) your divine attention merited by my woes. {\.Q.,

cox\sc.\ous,W\{x\QSS)

—

.

154

Liber IV

;

infandum caput ac et sic fata lovis

terris

annare necesse

est,

poscunt, hie terminus haeret:

at hello audacis populi vexatus et armis,

finibus extorris,

complexu avulsus

615

luli,

auxilium imploret, videatque indigna suorum

cum

funera; nec,

se

sub leges pads iniquae

regno aut optata luce fruatur,

tradiderit,

sed cadat ante diem, mediaque inhumatus arena.

Haec

precor, hanc

O

Turn VOS,

620

vocem extremam cum sanguine fundo.

Tyrii, stirpem et

omne futurum

genus

exercete odiis, cinerique haec mittite nostro

Nullus amor populis, nec foedera sunto.

munera.

Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor,

625

qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,

nunc, ohm,

quocumque dabunt

tempore vires. Litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas imprecor, arma armis; pugnent ipsique nepotesque.” se

Dido’s Death

Haec

animum versabat in omnes, quaerens quam primum abrumpere lucem.

ait, et

invisam

630

partes

Turn breviter Barcen nutricem affata Sychaei;

namque suam

“Annam

patria antiqua cinis ater habebat:

cara mihi nutrix hue

siste

sororem; 614. hie terminus

haeret:

goal

this

is

615-620. Dido

fixed.

her curse

in

is

gifted with prophetic

supposed to be granted to those about to die. This imprecation, according to the legend, was largely fulfilled: Aeneas was harassed in war by the Rutuli; he was driven to leave Ascanius and implore aid from Evander many of his men were killed, and he had to accept a peace in which the name Latins was substituted for Trojans; and three years later he was drowned in the Numicius, and his body not recovered (inhumatus). 622. Tyrii: Of all generations. Her second sight foresees the Punic wars. 625. Exo624. populis: The Romans and the Carthaginians. vision,

;

riare:

2nd

nibal.

tesque:

sing, subjunc. in a hortatory sense,

627.

quocumque

The -que

.

.

elides with

.

vires:

Haec

i.e.

Liber IV

Dido’s,

cinis:

tomb.

avenger, referring to

Han-

given.

629. nepo-

she was held in high esteem.

633. suam:

at whatever time strength in the next line;

632. nutricem: nurse or foster-mother

her own,

ultor:

634. mihi

.

.

.

is

synapheia.

hue

siste:

bring here to me.

155

.

.

635

die corpus properet fluviali spargere lympha, et

pecudes secum

monstrata piacula ducat;

et

tuque ipsa pia tege tempora

sic veniat;

Sacra lovi Stygio, quae

vitta.

incepta paravi,

rite

finemque imponere curis, Dardaniique rogum capitis permittere flammae.”

perficere esf animus,

640

gradum studio celerabat anili. At trepida, et coeptis immanibus efTera Dido,

Sic ait:

ilia

sanguineam volvens aciem, maculisque trementes interfusa genas, et pallida morte futura, interiora

domus

645

irrumpit limina, et altos

conscendit furibunda rogos, ensemque recludit

Dardanium, non hos quaesitum munus in usus. Hie, postquam Iliacas vestes notumque cubile conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata, 650

incubuitque toro,^dixitque novissima verba:

“Dulces exuviae,

dum

fata

deusque sinebat,

hanc animam, meque his exsolvite curis. Vixi, et, quern dederat cursum fortuna, peregi, et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago. Urbem praeclaram statui; mea moenia vidi; accipite

ulta virum, felix,

poenas inimico a

heu nimium

tantum

tetigissent nostra carinae!”

Dixit, et os impressa toro,

sed moriamur,”

fratre recepi;

felix, si litora

numquam Dardaniae

655

“Moriemur

inultae,

“Sic, sic iuvat ire sub umbras.

ait.

660

635. die (ut)

hid her hasten. the priestess.

636. pecudes:

638. lovi Stygio:

purpose.

640. rogum:

him are

to be burned.

Barce.

pose. cation.

anili:

=

Called

woman.

trementes:

oculos.

because

642. coeptis

649. paulum

threw herself.

.

.

651.

queen to the

657. tantum:

.

last,

.

.

only.

prescribed by

mei

.

mea.

659. impressa:

is

my

641.

ilia:

wild with her dreadful pur-

efTera:

644. genas:

Acc. of specifi-

648. Hie:

Here, at the top

this. little in

tears

and thought.

Limits dulces, dear, as long as.

=

it

reminders, monumenta, of

all

epnvering.

morata: pausing a

dum:

properet:

639. est (mihi) animus:

Pluto.

Aeneas’s

monstrata:

sacrifice,

of course actually Dido’s funeral pyre.

is

It

i.e.,

for

647. hos ... in usus: for such a deed as

majestic, a acted.

oj an old

643. aciem

of the pyre. cubuit:

victims

.

656. virum

=

coniugem.

Middle voice, pressing.

650. inr

654.

magna:

recepi:

ex-

660. iuvat

(me).

156

Liber IV

Hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto

Dardanus,

et

nostrae secum ferat omina mortis.”

Dixerat; atque illam media inter talia ferro

collapsam aspiciunt comites, ensemque cruore

spumantem, sparsasque manus. It clamor ad alta atria; concussam bacchatur Fama per urbem. Lamentis gemituque

665

femineo ululatu

et

resonat magnis plangoribus aether,

tecta fremunt;

non aliter quam si immissis ruat hostibus omnis Karthago aut antiqua Tyros, flammaeque furentes culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deorum.

670

Anna’s Grief

Audiit exanimis, trepidoque exterrita cursu

unguibus ora sotor foedans per medios

ruit,

et

pectora pugnis

ac morientem nomine clamat:

“Hoc illud, germana, fuit? Me fraude petebas? Hoc rogus iste mihi, hoc ignes araeque parabant? Quid primum deserta querar? Comitemne sororem sprevisti moriens? Eadem me ad fata vocasses; idem ambas

ferro dolor, atque

eadem hora

675

tulisset.

His etiam struxi manibus, patriosque vocavi

voce deos,

sic te ut posita crudelis

680

abessem?

meque, soror, populumque patresque Sidonios urbemque tuam. Date vulnera lymphis abluam, et extremus si quis super halitus errat. Exstinxti te

•

•

661. igneni:

•

662. omina:

663. ferro: tled.

Things seen

at

on the sword.

bacchatur:

sinking in ruins. 672. exanimis:

plan?

which will be lighted after her death. the beginning of a voyage were particularly ominous. 666. concussam: star664. comites: her attendants.

the {sight

fiies

w'ild/y.

671. culmina

i.e.,

the) fire,

667. femineo ululatu:

=

cursu:

aghast,

fraude petebas:

of

669. ruat:

Hiatus.

were

tecta.

haste.

675.

plotting to deceive.

Hoc

illud

IVas this your

... fuit:

678. vocasses

=

vocavisses:

would

681. sic: 680. struxi (pyram). you had called. 679. tulisset = abstulisset. Emphatic with posita, when you were lying thus, crudelis: (/), cruel one. abessem: Purpose. 684. super errat: hovers 683. Date (ut) abluam: Let me bathe. that

.

over her

.

.

.

.

.

lips.

Liber IV

157

685

Sic fata, gradus evaserat altos,

ore legam.”

semianimemque sinu germanam amplexa fovebat

cum

gemitu, atque atros siccabat veste cruores.

Ilia,

graves oculos conata attollere, rursus

infixum

deficit;

sub pectore vulnus.

stridit

Ter sese attollens cubitoque annixa ter revoluta

toro

est,

690

levavit;

oculisque errantibus alto

quaesivit caelo lucem, ingemuitque reperta.

Dido’s Spirit Set Free

Turn luno omnipotens, longum miserata dolorem difficilesque obitus, Irim demisit

Olympo,

quae luctantem animam nexosque resolveret artus. Nam quia nec fato, merita nec morte peribat,

695

sed misera ante diem, subitoque accensa furore,

nondum

illi

flavum Proserpina vertice crinem

damnaverat Oreo. croceis per caelum roscida pinnis,

abstulerat, Stygioque caput

Ergo

Iris

700

mille trahens varios adverse sole colores,

devolat, et supra caput astitit:

sacrum iussa Sic

ait, et

fero, teque isto

“Hunc ego Did

corpore solve.”

dextra crinem secat: omnis et una

705

dilapsus calor, atque in ventos vita recessit.

685. legam:

I will catch

breath” of a dying person, as a

onomatopoeia.

voluta (est): fell back.

694. Irim:

usually

custom of “catching the 686. semianimem: The first i is

referring to the

token of love.

a slurring together to produce one sound.

read like gurgles:

last

it,

cut

690. cubito annixa:

leaning on

689. stridit:

her elbow.

691. re-

692. (luce) reperta: Abl. abs.

Goddess of by

688.111a: Dido.

The thread of

the rainbow, messenger of Juno.

Proserpina.

695. quae ... artus

Purpose

:

clause.

life

was

696. fato:

course offate, i.e., by natural death. 698. illi: from her; dat. of separation, crinem: It was customary to begin a sacrifice by plucking a few hairs from the in the

and a dying person was regarded as a “victim” to the powers 699. damnaverat: had consigned. 701. trahens: trailing, adverso sole:

victim’s forehead,

below.

Ab\. ahs., against the (opposite) sun.

an offering

to Pluto,

iussa:

702.

as bidden.

Hunc

(crinem).

704. una

=

,

703. sacrum: WithDiti,

simul.

705. dilapsus (est):

fled.

158

Liber IV

TNTEREA certus

medium Aeneas iam

iter,

classe tenebat

fluctusque alros Aquilone secabat,

}± moenia respiciens, quae iam infelicis Elissae collucent flammis. Quae tantum accenderit ignem,

causa 1.

latet;

Interea:

duri i.e.,

magno

sed

amore dolores

5

during the closing scene of Book IV.

2. certus:

with fixed re-

Normally the north wind, but here used for winds in general; they are sailing north from Carthage to Sicily. accen4. flammis: blazing derit: Indir. question. duri ducunt: but the bitter grief 5. latet: is unknown, {that comes) when deep love is profaned, and the knowledge of what a frenzied woman solve.

Aquilone:

.

.

.

can do, incline the Trojans' hearts to sad premonitions.

Liber

V

159

notumque furens quid femina possit, per augurium Teucrorum pectora ducunt.

pollute, triste

Ut pelagus tenuere

rates,

nec iam amplius ulla

occurrit tellus, maria undique et undique caelum, olli

caeruleus supra caput

astitit

10

imber,

noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris. Ipse gubernator puppi Palinurus ab alta: “Heu! quianam tanti cinxerunt aethera nimbi? Quidve, pater Neptune, paras?” Sic deinde locutus colligere arma iubet validisque incumbere remis, obliquatque sinus in ventum, ac talia fatur:

“Magnanime Aenea, non,

si

15

mihi luppiter auctor

spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo. vespere ab atro

Mutati transversa fremunt

et

consurgunt vend, atque

nubem

Nec nos

in

20

cogitur aer.

tantum sufheimus. Superat quoniam Fortuna, sequamur, quoque vocat, vertamus iter. Nec litora longe obniti contra, nec tendere

fida reor fraterna Erycis si

modo

rite

memor

portusque Sicanos,

servata remetior astra.”

Turn pius Aeneas: “Equidem

iamdudum

et frustra

cerno

te

sic

25

poscere ventos

tendere contra:

viam velis. An sit mihi gratior ulla, quove magis fessas optem demittere naves, quam quae Dardanium tellus mihi servat Acesten, flecte

Anchisae gremio complectitur ossa?”

et patris

Haec ubi

dicta, petunt portus, et vela secundi

intendunt Zephyri; fertur cita gurgite et

30

tandem

laeti

classis,

notae advertuntur arenae.

10.

olli

=

arma /o ref/ 50/75, in preparation for the quatque ... ventum: and slants the canvas to the wind, i.e., tacks. erence.

15. colligere

should pledge his word.

:

illi:

gale.

Dat. of ref16. obli-

18. spondeat:

Neut. acc. as adv., across our course. 24. fraterna = fratris tui: Eryx was the son of Venus and Butes. The mountain in northwest Sicily took its name from him, and here was a shrine to Venus. 25. (ante) servata: observed before, i.e., when sailing along the coast of Sicily. 29. quove magis .demittere: or one to which I would rather bring. 32. secundi: .

The winds

are

19. transversa:

.

now from

160

the southeast.

33. cita:

As an

adv., swiftly.

Liber

V

Acestes Welcomes the Trojans

At procul ex celso miratus vertice montis adventum sociasque rates, occurrit Acestes,

35

horridus in iaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae,

Troia Criniso conceptum flumine mater quern genuit: veterum non

immemor

ille

parentum

gratatur reduces, et gaza laetus agresti excipit, ac fessos

40

opibus solatur amicis.

Aeneas Announces the Funeral Games

Postera

cum primo

Stellas

coetum

clara dies, socios in

Oriente fugarat litore

ab omni

advocat Aeneas, tumulique ex aggere fatur:

“Dardanidae magni, genus alto a sanguine divum, annuus exactis completur mensibus orbis, ex quo reliquias divinique ossa parentis condidimus terra maestasque sacravimus aras. lamque dies, nisi fallor, adest, quern semper acerbum, semper honoratum sic di voluistis habebo. Hunc ego Gaetulis agerem si syrtibus exsul, Argolicove mari deprensus et urbe Mycenae, annua vota tamen sollemnesque ordine pompas

—

45

—

50

exsequerer, strueremque suis altaria donis.

Nunc

ultro ad cineres ipsius et ossa parentis,

55

baud equidem sine mente reor, sine numine divum, adsumus et portus delati intramus amicos. Ergo agite, et laetum cuncti celebremus honorem;

35. miratus

.

.

.

rates: viewing with

amazement

the arrival

offriendly

ships.

37. hor-

38. Criniso: Acestes was the and pelle, bristling with. son of Egesta, or Segesta, and the river-god Crinisus. She had been sent to Sicily by her father to save her from being thrown to the sea-monster sent by Neptune against Laomedon. 40. reduces: on their return. 45. sanguine divum: Since Dardanus was the son of Jupiter. 47. ex quo: from 52. Mycenae: the time when. 51. Hunc: Emphatic, As for this day, if 1 = Gen. sing, instead of abl. pi. rite. 54. exsequerer: / would conduct. 53. ordine suis: fitting. ultro: beyond our expectation. 55. Nunc: Now, on the contrary, ridus:

With both

iaculis

.

Liber

V

.

.

161

poscamus ventos; atque haec me sacra quotannis urbe

60

templis sibi ferre dicatis.

velit posita

Bina bourn vobis Troia generatus Acestes dat

numero

capita in naves; adhibete Penates

quos colit hospes Acestes. Praeterea, si nona diem mortalibus almum Aurora extulerit radiisque retexerit orbem, et patrios epulis et

65

prima citae Teucris ponam certamina classis; quique pedum cursu valet, et qui viribus audax aut iaculo incedit melior levibusque sagittis, seu crudo

pugnam committere

fidit

caestu,

cuncti adsint, meritaeque exspectent praemia palmae.

Ore favete omnes,

70

tempora ramis.”

et cingite

At the

Tomb

of Anchises

materna tempora myrto; hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes, hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. Sic fatus, velat

e concilio multis

Ille

cum

milibus ibat

75

ad tumulum, magna medius comitante caterva. Hie duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho fundit humi, duo lacte novo, duo sanguine sacro, purpureosque

iacit flores,

iterum salvete, recepti

“Salve, sancte parens:

nequiquam

Non

59. atque

.

him these

.

sacrifice,

Guard

favete:

ramis:

your

lips,

Modifies certamina. like favete Unguis,

69. crudo:

rawhide.

a regular formula at a

Modifies myrto, which was sacred to Venus.

Aeneas.

76.

bright

=

82.

.

well

66. prima:

wreaths.

79. purpureos: patris mei.

64. si = cum. nona: i.e., the ninth of our country. The novemdiale was a solemn festival held on the ninth

63. patrios:

72. materna: 15. Ille:

quaerere Thybrim.’’

he ^rant that after founding a city, I may year after year a temple dedicated to him. 61. Bina bourn ... capita: Two oxen,

day after the anniversary. day after a person’s death.

Ore

est)

may

dicatis:

rites in

for each ship.

71.

fataliaque arva,

Ausonium (quicumque .

80

animaeque umbraeque paternae.

licuit fines Italos

nec tecum

offer

cineres,

ac talia fatur:

162

tumulum:

or gay.

Non

Of

Anchises.

80. recepti:

licuit (mihi):

It

was not

77. Hie:

73. aevi: i.e.,

rescued from Troy.

my

at

in years.

that

tomb.

81. paternae

lot.

Liber

V

cum

Dixerat haec, adytis

lubricus anguis ab imis

septem ingens gyros, septena volumina traxit, amplexus placide tumulum lapsusque per aras,

85

caeruleae cui terga notae, maculosus et auro

squamam

incendebat fulgor, ceu nubibus arcus

mille iacit varies adverse sole colores.

Obstipuit visu Aeneas.

tandem

Ille

agmine longo

inter pateras et levia

90

pocula serpens

libavitque dapes, rursusque innoxius

imo

successit tumulo, et depasta altaria liquit.

Hoc magis incertus,

inceptos genitori instaurat honores,

geniumne caedit

esse putet:

famulumne parentis binas de more bidentes,

95

loci

totque sues, totidem nigrantes terga iuvencos;

vinaque fundebat pateris, animamque vocabat

Anchisae magni Manesque Acheronte remissos.

Nec non dona

quae cuique est copia, laeti onerant aras, mactantque iuvencos;

100

et socii,

ferunt,

ordine aena locant

alii,

fusique per

herbam

subiciunt veribus prunas et viscera torrent.

Preparations for the

Exspectata dies aderat,

Auroram Phaethontis famaque excierat;

nonamque

Games

serena

equi iam luce vehebant,

finitimos et clari

105

nomen Acestae

laeto complerant litora coetu,

84. adytis: 87. caeruleae

shrine.

golden spots pent. ings.

up

lit

Long

e

whose back dark-blue streaks adorned, and brilliant 90. Ille: The seras when in clouds the rainbow casts. smooth, polished. 92. libavit dapes: tasted the offer-

iacit:

.

—

:

:

the sacrifice

was

called suovetaurilia.

leased from Acheron, to attend the ceremony. able;

what

is

A 11

where he had fed. 94. Hoc magis whether ... or. famulum: attendant spirit.

93. depasta

black-backed;

.

its scales,

91. levia:

95. -ne...-ne:

.

or

Here,

the literal translation?

more

eagerly.

97. nigrantes terga:

99. Acheronte remissos:

100. quae

103. veribus:

the

.

.

From

.

re-

copia: each as he was

veru, spits for roasting

meat. 105. Phaethontis:

Phaethon, son of Apollo,

who

perished while trying to drive

his father’s chariot for a day.

Liber

V

163

Aeneadas, pars

visuri

Munera

et

certare parati.

principio ante oculos circoque locantur

in

medio, sacri tripodes viridesque coronae,

et

palmae pretium victoribus, armaque

perfusae

vestes,-

et

1

10

1

15

ostro

argenti aurique talenta;

tuba commissos medio canit aggere ludos.

et

The Boat Race

Prima pares ineunt gravibus certamina remis quattuor ex omni delectae classe carinae.

Velocem Mnestheus

mox

agit acri

remige Pristim,

Mnestheus, genus a quo nomine

Italus

Memmi;

ingentemque Gyas ingenti mole Chimaeram, urbis opus, triplici pubes quam Dardana versu impellunt, terno consurgunt ordine remi; Sergestusque,

domus

tenet a

120

quo Sergia nomen,

Centauro invehitur magna, Scyllaque Cloanthus caerulea, genus unde tibi, Romane Cluenti. Est procul in pelago saxum spumantia contra litora,

quod tumidis summersum tunditur olim

125

condunt ubi sidera Cori; immotaque attollitur unda

fluctibus, hiberni

tranquillo

silet,

campus, et apricis statio gratissima mergis. Hie viridem Aeneas frondenti ex ilice metam constituit signum nautis pater, unde reverti longos ubi circumflectere cursus.

scirent, et

•

•

nera:

108. visuri:

•

•

130

Prizes,

circo:

110. tripodes:

114. pares:

109.

Mu-

where most of the games were to be held. Greek games; sacri, because used in sacrifices. medio aggere: from the central mound.

the course or field

Regular prizes

113. commissos:

Fut. part, to express purpose.

in

the he^innin^ of.

well-matched.

.

.

.

116. remige:

Collective noun.

Pristim:

Each ship

named after its figurehead. 117. mox Mnestheus: soon {to be) Mnestheus of Italy. Memmi:; A prominent Roman family; many Roman families claimed Trojan

is

descent.

.

119. urbis opus:

a floating

.

.

bank of oars; anachronistic as triremes were not invented until about 700 b.c. 122. magna: Fern., agreeing with (nave) Centhuro. 125. olim: at times. 126. condunt: i.e., with clouds. 127. tranquillo: in calm weather. 128. campus ... mergis: a level

surface

and

Roman

circus,

the favorite haunt

city, i.e., vast as

a city,

versu:

129. metam: of sun-loviny sea birds. they were to go around the goal. 130. signum: mark.

164

As

in

the

Liber

V

Turn loca sorte legunt, ipsique

puppibus auro

in

ductores longe effulgent ostroque decori; cetera populea velatur fronde iuventus,

nudatosque uineros oleo perfusa nitescit. Considunt transtris, intentaque bracchia remis; intenti exspectant

135

signum, exsultantiaque haurit

corda pavor pulsans, laudumque arrecta cupido.

The Race

Starts

Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes,

baud mora, prosiluere suis; nauticus, adductis spumant

ferit

aethera clamor

140

freta versa lacertis.

With decori. 134. populea: The poplar was sacred to Her135. nudatos .perfusa: with hared cules, and was also a symbol of mourning. and well-oiled shoulders. 137. exsultantia cupido: throbbing excitement and eager 139. finibus: from starting places. passion for glory drain their bounding hearts. 132. auro ... ostroque:

.

.

.

.

.

Infindunt pariter sulcos totumque dehiscit

convulsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor.

Non

tarn praecipites biiugo certamine

campum

corripuere, ruuntque effusi carcere currus,

nec

145

immissis aurigae undantia lora

sic

concussere iugis pronique

in

verbera pendent.

Turn plausu fremituque virum studiisque faventum consonat omne nemus, vocemque inclusa volutant litora, pulsati colles clamore resultant.

Gyas Takes

the

150

Lead

Effugit ante alios primisque elabitur undis

fremitumque Gyas; quern deinde Cloanthus consequitur, melior remis, sed pondere pinus tarda tenet. Post hos aequo discrimine Pristis Centaurusque locum tendunt superare priorem; et nunc Pristis habet, nunc victam praeterit ingens Centaurus, nunc una ambae iunctisque feruntur frontibus, et longa sulcant vada salsa carina. lamque propinquabant scopulo metamque tenebant,

turbam

cum

inter

Gyas

princeps medioque

155

in gurgite victor

160

rectorem navis compellat voce Menoeten:

“Quo tantum ama, altum alii

Hue

mihi dexter abis?

dirige gressum;

palmula cautes; teneant.’’ Dixit; sed caeca Menoetes saxa timens proram pelagi detorquet ad undas. litus

“Quo

et laevas stringat sine

diversus abis?’’ iterum “Pete saxa, Menoete!” The rostrum, or beak,

143. tridentibus: sisted

of three huge prongs, one above the other;

ship.

144. biiugo certamine:

their starting point

or

stalls,

verbera:

i.e.,

to lash them.

152. turbam:

immissis

.

.

149. inclusa:

confusion of his rivals.

157. iunctis ... frontibus:

with

.

145. effusi carcere:

side,

iugis:

often con-

they were used to sink an

the chariot race.

arranged side by

146. nec sic (acres),

signal.

thus.

165

where they awaited the starting

over the dashing steeds.

cliff-bound.

147. in

150. resultant: re-echo.

154. discrimine:

prows even.

enemy from

leaping

distance, behind

159. tenebant:

Cloan-

were dose to

metam, which was the middle point of the race. 162. Quo... abis: Where are you going so far to the right? mihi: Ethical dat., I should like to ask, or simply omit in translation. 163. litus cautes: hug the shore, and let the oar blade graze the rock,

.

the rocks on the

left.

166

.

.

165. pelagi: the open sea.

166. diversus: out

of your course.

Liber

V

cum clamore Gyas respicit

revocabat;

instantem tergo,

et

ecce

et

Cloanthum

propiora tenentem.

Ille inter

navemque Gyae scopulosque sonantes

radit iter

laevum

interior,

praeterit, et metis tenet

subitoque priorem

aequora tuta

170

relictis.

Turn vero exarsit iuveni dolor ossibus ingens, nec lacrimis caruere genae, segnemque Menoeten,

sociumque salutis, mare praecipitem puppi deturbat ab alta;

oblitus decorisque sui in

175

ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister,

hortaturque viros, clavumque ad litora torquet.

At gravis ut fundo vix tandem redditus imo est, iam senior madidaque fluens in veste Menoetes

summa Ilium

siccaque in rupe resedit.

petit scopuli

labentem Teucri

et

et salsos rident

et risere

180

natantem,

revomentem pectore

fluctus.

Sergestus Runs His Boat onto Rocks

Hie laeta extremis spes est accensa duobus, Sergesto Mnestheique, Gyan superare morantem. Sergestus capit ante locum scopuloque propinquat, nec tota tamen

ille

185

prior praeeunte carina;

parte prior, partem rostro premit aemula Pristis.

At media socios incedens nave per ipsos hortatur Mnestheus: “Nunc, nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii, Troiae quos sorte suprema delegi comites; nunc illas promite vires, nunc animos, quibus in Gaetulis syrtibus usi, lonioque mari Maleaeque sequacibus undis. 168. propiora tenentem:

Cloanthus.

170. radit

.

.

holding a nearer course, .

of the youth, Gyas;

172. iuveni:

dat. of ref.

sidered the seat of deepest feelings. 178. gravis:

From

184. Mnesthei:

praeeunte:

Dat.,

The diphthong

is

played.

V

193.

dolor

=

ira.

174. decoris:

and from being

Greek form.

the

dignity,

old.

in

inside {Gyas's).

socium:

Gen.

pi.

181. risere: Trans.

186. tota ... carina

Troy's last hour.

left,

169. Ille:

ossibus: the marrow, con-

:

short before the following vowel.

190. Troiae sorte suprema:

laps.

Liber

the wet clothing,

near the rocks.

i.e.,

steers his course to

interior:

190

a full boat's length. 187. premit:

192. usi (estis):

over-

you

dis-

Maleae: The south promontory of Greece, proverbially dangerous.

167

Non iam prima peto Mnestheus, neque vincere certo; quamquam O! — sed superent, quibus hoc, Neptune, dedisti; extremos pudeat et

hoc

rediisse;

Olli certamine

prohibete nefas.”

196

vincite, cives,

summo

vastis tremit ictibus aerea puppis,

procumbunt;

subtrahiturque solum; turn creber anhelitus artus

200

undique rivis. Attulit ipse viris optatum casus honorem. Namque furens animi dum proram ad saxa suburget

aridaque ora quatit, sudor

interior,

fluit

spatioque subit Sergestus iniquo, procurrentibus haesit.

infelix saxis in

Concussae cautes,

acuto

et

in

205

murice remi

obnixi crepuere, illisaque prora pependit.

Consurgunt nautae

et

magno clamore morantur,

ferratasque trudes et acuta cuspide contos

expediunt, fractosque legunt in gurgite remos.

Mnestheus Overtakes Sergestus and Gyas

At laetus Mnestheus successuque acrior ipso agmine remorum celeri ventisque vocatis prona petit maria et pelago decurrit aperto. Qualis spelunca subito cui

domus

commota columba,

dulces latebroso in pumice nidi,

et

plausumque

fertur in arva volans,

mox

dat tecto ingentem,

Mnestheus,

aequora,

ashamed

to

194

prima:

come

in last.

203. interior:

them.

stuck fast.

i.e.,

neque commovet

impetus ipse volantem.

first place.

taking the inner course,

205. murice: rcc/,

i.e.,

211. agmine: plying ov driving. .

.

.

nidi:

driven

iniquo:

dangerous.

216. tecto:

With

207. et

the rock.

212. prona: 5/c>/?mg,

the nestlings in the cranny

gentem: flaps loudly.

upon

of the rock. exterrita,

let

us be

the ocean's surface flies beneath

204. haesit:

a rock like the rough murex, or shellfish.

broke with a crash, illisa: shouting loudly at their delay.

broso

196. extremos pudeat (nos) rediisse:

199. subtrahitur solum:

puere: i.e.,

alas:

fuga secat ultima Pristis

sic ipsa

sic illam fert

215

exterrita pinnis

aere lapsa quieto

radit iter liquidum, celeres sic

210

i.e.,

.

.

206. cre-

morantur:

.

214. late-

to the shore.

215. plausum

yVom her

dwelling.

.

.

.

dat ...

in-

217. radit:

skims.

168

Liber

V

Cloanthus Wins

primum

Et

in

scopulo luctantem deserit alto

220

Sergestum brevibusque vadis, frustraque vocantem auxilia, et fractis discentem currere remis. Inde

Cyan ipsamque

ingenti

mole Chimaeram

consequitur; cedit, quoniarti spoliata magistro

est.

Solus iamque ipso superest in fine Cloanthus:

quern

petit, et

summis annixus

225

viribus urget.

Turn vero ingeminat clamor, cunctique sequentem instigant studiis, resonatque fragoribus aether.

Hi proprium decus et partum indignantur honorem ni teneant, vitamque volunt pro laude pacisci; hos successus alit: possunt, quia posse videntur. Et fors aequatis cepissent praemia rostris ni palmas ponto tendens utrasque Cloanthus fudissetque preces, divosque in vota vocasset: “Di, quibus imperium est pelagi, quorum aequora curro, vobis laetus ego hoc candentem in litore taurum

230

235

constituam ante aras, voti reus, extaque salsos porriciam

in fluctus et

vina liquentia fundam.”

eumque imis sub fluctibus audiit omnis Nereidum Phorcique chorus Panopeaque virgo, et pater ipse manu magna Portunus euntem impulit; ilia Noto citius volucrique sagitta Dixit,

ad terram

fugit, et

portu se condidit

240

alto.

Aeneas Rewards the Winners

Turn satus Anchisa, cunctis ex more vocatis, victorem magna praeconis voce Cloanthum declarat, viridique advelat tempora lauro. 221. brevibus 228. studiis:

vadis:

cheers.

shallows.

229. Hi:

224. cedit:

she (the

Cloanthus’s men.

245

Chimaera)

falls

indignantur ... ni

behind.

(=

nisi)

230. pacisci: to barter or risk. cannot endure the thought of not keeping. 231. hos: i.e., Mnestheus’ men. possunt ... videntur: they can, because they think

teneant:

they can

famous

nymph.

V

saying.

232. fors

=

forte.

bound by my Panopea: A sea-

237. voti reus:

Son of Pontus and father of the Gorgons. 241. Portunus: Italian god of harbors.

240. Phorci:

vow.

Liber

—a

169

muneraque vinaque

et

naves ternos optare iuvencos, argenti magnum dat ferre talentum. in

praecipuos ductoribus addit honores: victori chlamydem auratam, quam plurima circum Ipsis

250

purpura maeandro duplici Meliboea cucurrit, intextusque puer frondosa regius Ida veloces iaculo cervos cursuque fatigat, acer, anhelanti similis, quern praepes ab Ida sublimem pedibus rapuit lovis armiger uncis; longaevi palmas nequiquam ad sidera tendunt custodes, saevitque

canum

255

latratus in auras.

secundum, levibus huic hamis consertam auroque trilicem

At qui deinde locum loricam, victor

tenuit virtute

quam Demoleo

apud rapidum Simoenta sub

donat habere

viro,

260

detraxerat ipse

decus

et

Ilio alto,

tutamen

in armis.

Vix illam famuli Phegeus Sagarisque ferebant multiplicem, conixi umeris; indutus at olim Demoleos cursu palantes Troas agebat.

265

dona facit geminos ex aere lebetas, cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis.

Tertia

The Centaur Returns

lamque adeo donati omnes opibusque superbi puniceis ibant evincti tempora taenis.

with optare and ferre, allows.

248. dat:

250.

quam

.

.

.

cucurrit:

around which Meliboea was

ran a deep (plurima) border of Meliboean purple in double wavy figure. a town in Thessaly, famous for its purple-fish, murex. The Maeander was a river in

Asia Minor famous for

its

many

windings.

252. puer

.

.

.

regius:

Ganymede,

car-

253. fatigat: pursues; two up by Jove’s eagle to be cup-bearer to the gods. scenes are embroidered on the garment: (1) Ganymede hunting; (2) Ganymede being carried away. 255. pedibus: talons, armiger: i.e., the eagle as it is often shown, ried

with thunderbolts.

260. Demoleo:

hendiadys.

without gift fit

for a hero.

pi.,

Dat.

262. habere:

elision.

straining shoulders,

Acc.

259. hamis ... trilicem

indutus:

cW

wrought three-ply with golden links;

of separation.

to keep,

263. ferebant

:

=

viro:

A

ferre poterant.

in this.

261. Ilio:

Shortened

repetition of huic,

1.

259;

264. conixi umeris:

265. Troas: acc.

pi.

final i.e.,

i.e.,

o,

a

with

of Tros. 266. lebetas:

Greek. 267. aspera: embossed.

269. taenis

=

taeniis, the victors’

170

emblems.

Liber

V

cum

saevo e scopulo multa vix arte revulsus,

270

amissis remis atque ordine debilis uno, irrisam sine honore ratem Sergestus agebat.

Qualis saepe viae deprensus in aggere serpens, aerea quern obliquum rota transiit, aut gravis ictu

seminecem liquit saxo lacerumque viator; nequiquam longos fugiens dat corpore tortus,

275

parte ferox, ardensque oculis, et sibila colla

arduus

attollens, pars vulnere

nixantem nodis seque tali

in

sua

clauda retentat

membra

plicantem:

remigio navis se tarda movebat;

280

vela facit tamen, et veils subit ostia plenis.

Sergestum Aeneas promisso munere donat, servatam ob navem laetus sociosque reductos.

operum baud ignara Minervae,

Olli serva datur,

Cressa genus, Pholoe, geminique sub ubere nati.

285

The Foot Race

Hoc

plus Aeneas misso certamine tendit

gramineum

in

campum, quern

collibus undique curvis

cingebant silvae, mediaque in valle theatri circus erat;

consessu

quo

se multis

medium

cum

milibus heros

290

exstructoque resedit.

tulit

Hie, qui forte velint rapido contendere cursu, invitat pretiis

animos,

praemia ponit.

et

Undique conveniunt Teucri mixtique Nisus

et

Sicani,

Euryalus primi.

271. ordine: specification with debilis.

274. aerea ... rota

the road).

gravis ictu

body

its

its sails.

etc.

in

273. viae

=

284. datur:

Of

.

290. consessu

i.e.,

Long

tendit (iter).

in the

it

its

abl.

of

the

tries to escape,

lower part.

operum:

Pholoe (nomine),

dat

tortus:

twists

281. vela facit:

hoists

i.e.,

middle of the assembly,

.

.

.

weaving, spinning,

sub: at.

288. theatri circus:

who may

{of oars);

highway (lit., the causeway of obliquum: adj. with adverb force,

before the caesura,

291. (eorum) qui ... velint: for those

V

as

278. pars (altera):

finito.

medium:

aggere:

a chariot,

285. genus: Acc. of specification.

286. misso:

Liber

.

276. fugiens:

gravi ictu.

long coils.

:

.

tier

a circular theater.

exstructo:

wish.

171

on

a mound.

Euryalus forma insignis viridique iuventa,

295

Nisus amore pio pueri; quos deinde secutus regius egregia Priami de stirpe Diores;

hunc Salius simul et Patron, quorum alter Acarnan, alter ab Arcadio Tegeaeae sanguine gentis; turn duo Trinacrii iuvenes, Helymus Panopesque,

300

assueti silvis, comites senioris Acestae;

multi praeterea, quos

Aeneas quibus

in

fama obscura

mediis

sic

recondit.

deinde locutus:

“Accipite haec animis, laetasque advertite mentes:

nemo

ex hoc

numero mihi non donatus

305

abibit;

295. viridi iuventa: 296. pueri: Euryalus. of youth. obscura: dim tradition; oxymoron. 305. mihi the freshness

dat. of agent.

301. assueti: trained. .

.

.

302. fama

donatus: without a gift from me;

Gnosia bina dabo levato lucida ferro spicula caelatamque argento ferre bipennem, omnibus hie erit unus honos. Tres praemia primi accipient, flavaque caput nectentur oliva.

Primus equum phaleris insignem victor habeto; alter Amazoniam pharetram plenamque sagittis Threiciis, lato quam circum amplectitur auro balteus, et tereti subnectit fibula tertius

310

gemma;

Argolica hac galea contentus abito.”

Nisus Helps Euryalus

Haec

locum capiunt, signoque repente corripiunt spatia audito, limenque relinquunt, elTusi

315

ubi dicta,

nimbo

similes, simul ultima signant.

Primus abit longeque ante omnia corpora Nisus emicat, et ventis et fulminis ocior alis;

proximus huic, longo sed proximus

320

intervallo,

insequitur Salius; spatio post deinde relicto tertius Euryalus;

Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso ecce volat calcemque terit iam calce Diores, incumbens umero, spatia et si plura supersint, transeat elapsus prior,

lamque

ambiguumve

325

relinquat.

extremo fessique sub ipsam finem adventabant, levi cum sanguine Nisus fere spatio

labitur infelix, caesis ut forte iuvencis

fusus

humum

viridesque super madefecerat herbas.

330

Hie iuvenis iam victor ovans vestigia presso 306. levato ... ferro: inlaid,

ferre:

tion.

311. alter

the Trojans,

Infin.

316. spatia:

326.

ambiguum:

Liber

V

.

.

.

(belt) encircles,

course.

323. quo

331. presso

Amazoniam,

secundus.

and Thrace had been

broad gold baldric Adv. goal.

=

309. flava: pale ^^reen.

with dabo.

.

.

.

doubtful.

solo:

allied

with Troy.

and a buckle

when he touched the

The Amazons had helped gemma: which a 312. lato with its polished gem. circum: .

clasps

they

close behind him;

328. levi:

Acc. of specifica-

caput:

Threiciis:

317. ultima signant:

sub ipso:

307. caelatam:

with points of polished steel.

slippery.

.

.

mark (keep

what

is

329. ut:

their eyes on) the

the literal translation? as,

or

spot.

173

even

where.

pronus in ipso concidit immundoque fimo sacroque cruore. Non tamen Euryali, non ille oblitus amorum; nam sese opposuit Salio per lubrica surgens;

baud

tenuit titubata solo, sed

335

autem spissa iacuit revolutus arena. Emicat Euryalus, et munere victor amici prima tenet, plausuque volat fremituque secundo. Post Helymus subit, et nunc tertia palma Diores. ille

Salius Protests

340

Hie totum caveae consessum ingentis et ora prima patrum magnis Salius clamoribus implet, ereptumque dolo reddi sibi poscit honorem. Tutatur favor Euryalum, lacrimaeque decorae, gratior et pulchro veniens in corpore virtus.

Adiuvat

magna proclamat voce

et

345

Diores,

qui subiit palmae, frustraque ad praemia venit ultima,

primi Salio reddantur honores.

si

More

Prize Giving

Turn pater Aeneas, “Vestra,” inquit, “munera vobis certa manent, pueri, et palmam movet ordine nemo;

me

liceat

casus miserari insontis amici.”

350

tergum Gaetuli immane leonis dat Salio, villis onerosum atque unguibus aureis. Hie Nisus, ‘‘Si tanta,” inquit, “sunt praemia victis. Sic fatus,

332. tenuit 334.

amorum:

revolutus:

the love he bore his friend.

thrown back hy the block.

340. ora

.

.

.

patrum:

i.e.,

335. per:

337. Euryalus:

amid.

Long

the rows of elders in front; at

final «;

Rome

345. Adiuvat: Supports him. tur:

346. venit ad

consecutus

est.

Salius.

ille:

diastole.

senators and dis342. reddi: Prose

343. decorae: becoming, as he

=

tenere potuit.

336.

tinguished persons had the front rows of seats, in the orchestra.

construction would be ut reddatur.

=

was a mere youth.

347.

si

.

.

.

reddan-

should first prize be given.

349. certa: unchanged, the prizes

gum =

from

pellem.

palmam

their order).

352. aureis:

174

ordine: alters the order of the prizes {Wi., moves 350. me: With miserari. casus: mishap. 351. ter-

Two

.

.

.

syllables;

synizesis.

Liber

V

.

lapsorum miseret, quae munera Niso digna dabis, primam merui qui laude coronam, ni me, quae Salium, fortuna inimica tulisset?” et te

Et simul his dictis faciem ostentabat

membra

turpia et

clipeum

fimo.

Risit pater

eflferri iussit,

et

355

udo

optimus

olli,

Didymaonis artem,

Neptuni sacro Danais de poste refixum. Hoc iuvenem egregium praestanti munere donat.

360

The Boxing Match

dona

Post, ubi confecti cursus, et

“Nunc

si

cui virtus

animusque

in

peregit:

pectore praesens,

adsit, et evinctis attollat bracchia palmis.”

Sic

geminum pugnae proponit honorem,

ait, et

victori

365

velatum auro vittisque iuvencum,

ensem atque insignem galeam solacia victo. Nec mora: continuo vastis cum viribus effert ora Dares, magnoque virum se murmure tollit; solus qui Paridem solitus contendere contra, idemque ad tumulum, quo maximus occubat Hector, victorem Buten, immani corpore qui se Bebrycia veniens perculit, et fulva

370

Amyci de gente ferebat, moribundum extendit arena.

Tabs prima Dares caput altum

375

in proelia tollit,

356. ni

{and would have received

ir)

359. artem:

the handiwork.

the inference

is

that

it

had

360. Danais:

let

.

.

kept displaying:

Dat. of agent,

.

tulisset:

intensive.

temple door;

poste:

was afterwards captured from the Greeks by Aeneas. 363. sicui(est): whoever possesses,

362. peregit: distributed. 364. adsit:

357. ostentabat:

not.

me

him step forward,

evinctis:

i.e.,

praesens: ready.

with the caestus, a sort of boxing

glove consisting of leather thongs, studded with lead, with which the hand and

were bound. virorum.

a warrior.

.

.

.

vittis:

its

horns gilded and decked with

rib-

369. virum what is the literal translation? 370. Paridem: Who had a reputation as a noted prize-fighter, if not as Buten: Butes, son of Amycus, 372. victorem: (hitherto) undefeated.

368. effert

bons.

=

366. velatum (cornua)

arm

appears;

ora:

king of Bebrycia (Bithynia), slain by Dares at Hector’s tomb,

se

.

.

.

veniens

.

.

boasted of his descent from; Amycus was a noted boxer, killed in a contest with Pollux. 375. Talis Dares: Such was Dares, who.

ferebat:

.

Liber

V

.

.

175

:

ostenditque umeros latos, alternaque iactat

bracchia protendens, et verberat ictibus auras.

Quaeritur huic alius; nec quisquam ex agmine tanto

audet adire virum manibusque inducere caestus. Ergo alacris, cunctosque putans excedere palma,

Aeneae

ante pedes, nec plura moratus

stetit

turn laeva

380

taurum cornu

atque

tenet,

ita fatur:

“Nate dea, si nemo audet se credere pugnae, quae finis standi? Quo me decet usque teneri? Ducere dona iube.” Cuncti simul ore fremebant

385

Dardanidae, reddique viro promissa iubebant.

Entellus Accepts Dares’s Challenge

Hie gravis Entellum dictis castigat Acestes, proximus ut viridante toro consederat herbae: “Entelle,

heroum quondam

fortissime frustra,

tantane tarn patiens nullo certamine

390

tolli

dona sines? Ubi nunc nobis deus ille magister nequiquam memoratus Eryx? Ubi fama per omnem Trinacriam, Ille

et spolia ilia tuis

sub haec:

“Non

pendentia tectis?”

laudis amor, nec gloria cessit

pulsa metu; sed enim gelidus tardante senecta

395

sanguis hebet, frigentque effetae in corpore vires.

quae quondam fuerat, quaque improbus iste exsultat fidens, si nunc foret ilia iuventas, baud equidem pretio inductus pulchroque iuvenco venissem, nec dona moror.” Sic deinde locutus in medium geminos immani pondere caestus proiecit quibus acer Eryx in proelia suetus ferre manum, duroque intendere bracchia tergo. Si mihi,

400

380. palma 382. laeva (manu).

tamine.

385. Ducere

387. gravis: Translate as adv.

quiquam: test.

in vain;

400. venissem:

176

:

lists,

403. ferre

manum:

me.

392. ne-

allowed to carry off the prize without a conyour halls. 394. sub haec in reply, gloria

in

i.e.,

re//

is

:

395. sed enim:

entered the

care about.

tectis

cer-

abducere.

391. nobis: Ethical dat.,/)ra^

Dares, a Trojan,

393. spolia : prizes,

afnbition or pride.

i.e.,

if

= me

=

but the truth I

is.

397. improbus:

should not have waited for a prize,

braggart.

moror:

Freely to enter the fray.

Liber

V

Obstipuere animi: tantorum ingentia septem

plumbo insuto ferroque rigebant. Ante omnes stupet ipse Dares, longeque recusat; magnanimusque Anchisiades et pondus et ipsa hue illuc vinclorum immensa volumina versat.

terga bourn

405

Turn senior tales referebat pectore voces: “Quid, si quis caestus ipsius et Herculis arma vidisset, tristemque hoc ipso in litore pugnam? Haec germanus Eryx quondam tuus arma gerebat sanguine cernis adhuc sparsoque infecta cerebro

410

— —

magnum Alciden contra stetit; his ego suetus, dum melior vires sanguis dabat, aemula necdum his

415

temporibus geminis canebat sparsa senectus. Sed si nostra Dares haec Troius arma recusat, idque pio sedet Aeneae, probat auctor Acestes,

aequemus pugnas. solve metus;

Erycis

tibi

terga remitto;

Troianos exue

et tu

420

caestus.’’

Haec fatus, duplicem ex umeris reiecit amictum, et magnos membrorum artus, magna ossa lacertosque exuit,

atque ingens media consistit arena.

The Match Begins

Turn satus Anchisa caestus pater extulit aequos, et paribus palmas amborum innexuit armis. Constitit in digitos extemplo arrectus uterque, bracchiaque ad superas interritus extulit auras. Abduxere retro longe capita ardua ab ictu, immiscentque manus manibus, pugnamque lacessunt. Ille pedum melior motu, fretusque iuventa; hie membris et mole valens, sed tarda trementi 404. tantorum

.

.

.

what is the literal translation? because Eryx was slain by Hercules.

envious.

419.

tibi

416. canebat:

=

si vis:

430.

Ille:

From

Dares.

409. senior:

423. exuit

=

422.

magnos ...

..

iron

411. tristem:

trained.

415. aemula:

.

418. sedet

=

placet.

artus: massive-jointed limbs;

nudavit.

431. hie: Entellus.

trementi (ei)

:

Dat. of reference; beneath

him.

Liber V

and

Entellus.

414. suetus:

caneo, sprinkled white, on

Dat. of reference.

a hypermetric verse.

430

rigebant: so vast were the seven ox-hides, stiff with lead

stitched in; fatal,

425

177

genua labant, vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus. Multa viri nequiquam inter se vulnera iactant, multa cavo lateri ingeminant, et pectore vastos dant sonitus, erratque aures et tempora circum crebra manus, duro crepitant sub vulnere malae. Stat gravis Entellus nisuque immotus eodem, corpore

modo

tela

atque oculis vigilantibus

435

exit.

oppugnat qui molibus urbem, aut montana sedet circum castella sub armis, nunc hos, nunc illos aditus, omnemque pererrat Ille,

velut celsam

440

arte locum, et variis assultibus irritus urget.

Ostendit dextram insurgens Entellus, et alte extulit:

ille

ictum venientem a vertice velox

praevidit, celerique elapsus corpore cessit.

Entellus vires in

ventum

efifudit, et

445

ultro

ad terram pondere vasto concidit, ut quondam cava concidit aut Erymantho, ipse gravis graviterque

magna

aut Ida in

radicibus eruta pinus.

Consurgunt studiis Teucri et Trinacria pubes; it clamor caelo, primusque accurrit Acestes, aequaevumque ab humo miserans attollit amicum. At non tardatus casu neque territus heros acrior ad pugnam redit, ac vim suscitat ira.

Entellus

450

Wins

Turn pudor incendit vires et conscia virtus, praecipitemque Daren ardens agit aequore toto, nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra; nec mora, nec requies; quam multa grandine nimbi culminibus crepitant,

sic densis ictibus

heros 432. genua:

lables;

synaeresis.

438. corpore:

433. inter

by (moving)

se ... iactant:

455

exchange.

437. nisu:

Two

syl-

position.

his body, not his feet,

tela: Obj. of exit. 439. molibus: engines of war. 440. sedet circum: besets. 441. pererrat: Zeugma. 446. effudit: wasted, ultro = suo pondere: i.e., not because he was struck by Dares. 448. quondam: sometimes, cava: i.e., through age. 450. studiis: eagerly. 453. casu: by

the fall.

454. ira:

456. aequore:

Abl.

the field.

178

Liber

V

.

creber utraque

manu

pulsat versatque Dareta.

460

Turn pater Aeneas procedere longius iras et saevire animis Entellum baud passus acerbis; sed finem imposuit pugnae, fessumque Dareta eripuit, mulcens dictis, ac talia fatur: “Infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit? Non vires alias conversaque numina sentis? Cede deo.” Dixitque et proelia voce diremit. Ast ilium fidi aequales, genua aegra trahentem, iactantemque utroque caput, crassumque cruorem ore eiectantem mixtosque in sanguine dentes, ducunt ad naves; galeamque ensemque vocati accipiunt; palmam' Entello taurumque relinquunt. Hie victor, superans animis tauroque superbus: “Nate dea, vosque haec,” inquit, “cognoscite, Teucri, et mihi quae fuerint iuvenali in corpore vires, et qua servetis revocatum a morte Dareta.”

465

470

475

Dixit, et adversi contra stetit ora iuvenci,

qui

donum

astabat pugnae, durosque reducta

libravit dextra

media

arduus, eflfractoque

inter

illisit

cornua caestus,

480

in ossa cerebro.

humi

Sternitur exanimisque tremens procumbit Ille

bos.

super tales effundit pectore voces:

“Hanc

Eryx, meliorem

animam pro morte

hie victor caestus

arlemque repono.”

tibi,

persolvo;

Daretis

The Archery Contest Protinus Aeneas celeri certare sagitta invitat qui forte velint, et

praemia ponit,

460. creber:

and pounds from versa:

i.e.,

moned.

side to side.

against you.

469. utroque:

476. servetis revocatum:

front

479. libravit:

upon

of.

its skull,

divine teacher,

Liber

V

See

481. bos:

Book

as a substitute for.

I.

474. haec:

i.e.,

486. qui

:

.

velint:

I

right in

dealt a crushing blow

483. Eryx: .

from what

All, adversi:

The monosyllable

105.

con-

471. vocati: when sum-

side to side.

in spirit.

batters

other {than mortal),

you save and rescue.

dashing out the brain. pro:

alias:

480. eflFracto ... cerebro

aimed.

verse, gives the effect of a thud.

from

triumphant

do now.

pulsat versatque:

ceaselessly,

Non = Nonne.

466.

473. superans animis:

485

i.

e.,

See

bos, ending the

the spirit of his 1.

291 and note.

179

ingentique

manu malum de nave

volucrem traiecto

erigit, et

Seresti

fune

in

columbam

quo tendant ferrum, malo suspendit ab

alto.

490

deiectamque aerea sortem accepit galea; et primus clamore secundo Hyrtacidae ante omnes exit locus Hippocoontis;

Convenere

quern

viri,

modo

navali

consequitur, viridi

Mnestheus certamine victor Mnestheus evinctus oliva.

Tertius Eurytion, tuus,

O

495

clarissime, frater,

Pandare, qui quondam, iussus confundere foedus,

medios telum torsisti primus Achivos. Extremus galeaque ima subsedit Acestes, ausus et ipse manu iuvenum temptare laborem. Turn validis flexos incurvant viribus arcus pro se quisque viri, et depromunt tela pharetris. Primaque per caelum, nervo stridente, sagitta in

500

Hyrtacidae iuvenis volucres diverberat auras; et venit,

adversique infigitur arbore mali.

Intremuit malus, timuitque exterrita pinnis ales, et ingenti

505

sonuerunt omnia plausu.

Post acer Mnestheus adducto constitit arcu,

telumque

alta petens, pariterque oculos

tetendit.

Ast ipsam miserandus avem contingere ferro

non

valuit;

quis innexa ilia

nodos

et

vincula linea rupit,

pedem malo pendebat ab

notos atque atra volans

in

510

alto:

nubila fugit.

Turn rapidus, iamdudum arcu contenta parato 487. ingenti:

applied to gods and heroes.

mighty, an adj. regularly

Perhaps Sergesti, whose ship was damaged in the race. 488. traiecto in fune: on a cord passed through the top of the mast. 489. quo tendant: at which they are to aim. 490. deiectam: thrown into it; names were usually written on pebbles, which were cast into an urn or helmet; this was shaken until the lot “leaped out,” exit. 493. modo: hut lately, with victor. 496. iussus: i.e.,

by Pallas Athene,

Seresti

foedus:

:

Made between

the Greeks

and the Trojans.

Pandarus

wounded Menelaus, and ended the truce (Iliad, Acestes' name or lot. 499. et ipse: he also, though an

shot an arrow which

IV.

498. Acestes:

old man.

501. pro se: according to his ability. (loca):

the whole field.

511. quis

=

quibus.

504. venit: reaches (the mast).

508. alta petens: aiming high.

pedem: Acc. of

specification.

104).

506. omnia

509. miserandus: unlucky.

512. notos:

Depends on

in, to

the winds.

180

Liber

V

:

tela tenens, fratrem

Eurytion

vota vocavit,

in

iam vacuo laetam caelo speculatus, et alis plaudentem nigra figit sub nube columbam. Decidit exanimis, vitamque reliquit in astris aetheriis, fixamque refert delapsa sagittam.

515

Acestes’ Feat and Special Prize

Amissa solus palma superabat Acestes; qui tamen aerias telum contendit in auras, ostentans artemque pater arcumque sonantem. Hie oculis subito obicitur magnoque futurum augurio monstrum; docuit post exitus ingens, seraque terrifici cecinerunt omina vates.

Namque

520

volans liquidis in nubibus arsit harundo,

525

signavitque viam flammis, tenuesque recessit

consumpta

in

ventos; caelo ceu saepe refixa

transcurrunt crinemque volantia sidera ducunt. Attonitis haesere animis, superosque precati Trinacrii Teucrique viri;

nec maximus

omen

530

abnuit Aeneas; sed laetum amplexus Acesten

muneribus cumulat magnis, ac talia fatur: “Sume, pater; nam te voluit rex magnus Olympi talibus auspiciis exsortem ducere honores. Ipsius Anchisae longaevi hoc munus habebis, cratera impressum signis, quern Thracius olim Anchisae genitori in magno munere Cisseus

monumentum

ferre sui dederat

primum

ante

omnes victorem

514. tela: arrow,

so Entellus addressed Eryx, 519. superabat 522.

magno

.

.

.

=

1.

fratrem: 483.

supererat.

vates:

pignus amoris.”

tempora lauro,

Sic fatus cingit viridanti et

et

535

540

appellat Acesten.

i.e.,

Pandarus, as a deified patron of archers;

518. fixam:

521. pater:

i.e.,

thouj^h

in its

body.

an old man;

destined to prove a nu[^lity portent ;

long

=

pro:

Liber

V

525. arsit

compare with Book II. 694. 529. haesere: 537. in 534. exsortem: With te, i.e., out of due course.

528. crinem: a trad offire;

were rooted to the spot.

diastole.

the j^reat event in after

years revealed its meaning, and fear-inspiring seers later explained the omen. caught fire.

e,

as a gift.

181

:

Nec bonus Eurytion quamvis solus avem

praelato invidit honori, caelo deiecit ab alto.

Proximus ingreditur donis, qui vincula rupit; extremus, volucri qui fixit harundine malum.

Horseback Riding by the Boys

At pater Aeneas, nondum certamine misso, custodem ad sese comitemque impubis luli Epytiden vocat, et fidam sic fatur ad aurem “Vade age, et Ascanio, si iam puerile paratum agmen habet secum cursusque instruxit equorum,

545

ducat avo turmas

550

die,”

Ipse

ait.

omnem

infusum populum,

ostendat in armis

et sese

et

longo decedere circo

campos

iubet esse patentes.

Incedunt pueri, pariterque ante ora parentum

quos omnis euntes Trinacriae mirata fremit Troiaeque iuventus. frenatis lucent in equis,

Omnibus

in

morem

tonsa

coma

555

pressa corona:

cornea bina ferunt praefixa hastilia ferro: pars leves flexilis

umero pharetras;

it

pectore

summo

obtorti per collum circulus auri.

Tres equitum numero turmae ternique vagantur ductores: pueri bis seni

quemque

560

secuti

agmine partito fulgent paribusque magistris. Una acies iuvenum, ducit quam parvus ovantem nomen avi referens Priamus tua clara. Polite,

—

541. praelato i.e.,

.

.

.

honori: grudged the honor set above his own;

Eurytion received the second prize.

winner

(lit.,

543. Proximus

.

.

.

donis:

the next prize

next in gifts).

games, in general. The introduction of the following games is a special tribute to Augustus, who revived the Troiae lusus. 548. Vade age: Go quickly, puerile = puerorum. 550. avo: Dat., in honor of his grandfather. 552. infusum: that had crowded in, to get a closer view of the last two events. 545. certamine:

555. fremit:

the

applauds.

556.

Omnibus

... corona

:

All

have

their

hair

duly

(in

vnorem) bound with a wreath of close-trimmed leaves. 557. bina: two each. 558. it . auri high on the breast around the neck passes a pliant circlet of twisted gold, the golden torques, a common military decoration. 560. terni = tres. vagantur: ride .

.

:

over the course.

182

562. magistris

=

ductoribus.

Liber

V

progenies, auctura Italos

— quern Thracius

565

albis

portal equus bicolor maculis, vestigia primi

alba pedis frontemque ostentans arduus albam. Alter Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini,

parvus Atys, pueroque puer dilectus lulo.

Extremus, formaque ante omnes pulcher, lulus Sidonio

est invectus

esse sui dederat

570

equo quern Candida Dido

monumentum

et

pignus amoris.

Cetera Trinacriis pubes senioris Acestae fertur equis.

Excipiunt plausu pavidos, gaudentque tuentes

575

Dardanidae, veterumque agnoscunt ora parentum.

Postquam omnem lustravere in

consessum oculosque suorum equis, signum clamore paratis laeti

Epytides longe dedit insonuitque

flagello.

Intricate Formations

Olli discurrere pares, atque

agmina

580

terni

diductis solvere choris, rursusque vocati

convertere vias infestaque tela tulere.

Inde alios ineunt cursus aliosque recursus adversi spatiis, alternosque orbibus orbes

impediunt, pugnaeque cient simulacra sub armis;

585

nunc terga fuga nudant, nunc spicula vertunt infensi, facta pariter nunc pace feruntur.

et

Ut quondam Creta

fertur Labyrinthus in alta

parietibus textum caecis mille viis habuisse

iter,

ancipitemque

dolum, qua signa sequendi

destined to increase, possibly in the

565. auctura:

town

566. vestigia ... pedis:

later called Politorium.

the foot just above the hoof); primi pedis vere: passed in review.

580. pares: their line with

in

means

parted bands.

agmina

.

irretraceable

Liber

V

the front part

choris:

.

.

582. infesta: leveled.

ing one another (Wi., opposite in their courses).

traditionally built

white pasterns (the part of

of the foot.

578. lustra-

579. insonuit flagello: cracked his whip.

equal numbers,

fensi: for the charge;

590

what

iS

maze rendered

clues

590. qua

of no

584. adversi spatiis: confront-

585. impediunt: interweave.

the literal translation?

by Daedalus.

the three companies broke up

.

.

.

error:

588. Labyrinthus:

587. inIn Crete,

where the undiscoverable and

avail.

183

falleret

baud

et irremeabilis error;

indeprensus

Teucrum

alio

nati vestigia cursu et proelia ludo,

impediunt, texuntque fugas

delphinum similes, qui per maria umida nando Carpathium Libycumque secant luduntque per undas. Hunc morem cursus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius,

Longam muris cum

rettulit, et

priscos docuit celebrare Latinos,

quo puer

cingeret

595

Albam,

modo, secum quo Troia pubes;

ipse

Albani docuere suos; hinc maxima porro accepit Roma, et patrium servavit honorem;

600

Troiaque nunc pueri, Troianum dicitur agmen. Hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri.

Juno Arouses the

Women

Hie primum fortuna fidem mutata novavit. Dum variis tumulo referunt sollemnia ludis, Trim de caelo misit Saturnia luno Iliacam ad classem, ventosque aspirat eunti multa movens, necdum antiquum saturata dolorem. Ilia, viam celerans per mille coloribus arcum,

605

610

nulli visa cito decurrit tramite virgo.

Conspicit ingentem concursum,

et litora lustrat,

desertosque videt portus classemque relictam.

At procul in sola secretae Troades acta amissum Anchisen flebant, cunctaeque profundum

pontum aspectabant et

“Heu

flentes.

tot vadafessis

615

tantum superesse maris!” vox omnibus una.

Urbem

orant; taedet pelagi perferre laborem.

592. baud

.

.

.

ludo:

in

maneuvers as sport a web of

movements and weave in 595. Carpathium, Libycum: i.e,, mare. 596. cursus: Gen., of fight and fight. drill. 598. rettulit: renewed. modo = eodem modo quo. 600. porro: 599. quo in direct succession. honorem: ancestral observance, originally in 601. patrium honor of Anchises. 603. Hac ... tenus: 'Til now; tmesis, patri: Anchises. intricate

(i.e.,

as the Labyrinth), interlace their

.

.

604. novavit: plotting.

broke

(lit.

616. superesse:

.

.

.

changed).

Infin.

.

605. referunt:

i.e.,

pay.

608. movens:

of exclamation, so much remains for us to cross.

617. taedet (eas).

184

Liber

V

Ergo

medias sese baud ignara nocendi conicit, et faciemque deae vestemque reponit; fit Beroe, Tmarii coniunx longaeva Dorycli, cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent; inter

620

Dardanidum mediam se matribus infert: “O miserae, quas non manus,” inquit, “Achaica

ac sic

bello

ad letum patriae sub moenibus! O gens infelix, cui te exitio Fortuna reservat? Septima post Troiae excidium iam vertitur aestas, cum freta, cum terras omnes, tot inhospita saxa sideraque emensae ferimur, dum per mare magnum Italiam sequimur fugientem, et volvimur undis. Hie Erycis fines fraterni, atque hospes Acestes: traxerit

625

630

muros iacere et dare civibus urbem? O patria et rapti nequiquam ex hoste Penates, nullane iam Troiae dicentur moenia? Nusquam

quis prohibet

Hectoreos amnes, Xanthum

mecum

Quin

agite et

Nam

mihi Cassandrae per

et

Simoenta, videbo?

infaustas exurite puppes.

somnum

635

imago ardentes dare visa faces: Hie quaerite Troiam; hie domus est, inquit, vobis. Iam tempus agi res, nec tantis mora prodigiis.

Neptuno; deus

ipse faces

vatis

En quattuor arae animumque ministrat.”

640

The Ships Are Set on Fire

Haec memorans, prima infensum

vi corripit

ignem,

sublataque procul dextra conixa coruscat, et iacit:

arrectae mentes stupefactaque corda

Iliadum.

Hie una

e multis,

quae rpaxima natu,

Pyrgo, tot Priami natorum regia nutrix: 618. baud ignara nocendi:

Introduces a

rel.

passing by so

many

clause of cause.

i.e.,

626. vertitur:

rocks and beneath so

many

i.e.,

that bear the

res: for action.

prosperous voyage.

Liber

V

name

of Troy.

639. arae Neptuno:

640.

animum

:

On

well skilled in mischief. is

stars;

of their voyage and the changes of weather. 633. Troiae:

645

passing.

621. cui:

628. emensae:

i.e.,

sidera suggests both the length

631. (nos) iacere:

635. infaustas:

our founding.

ill-omened.

which was to be offered

638. agi

sacrifice for a

determination to use them.

185

“Non Beroe est

vobis,

non haec Rhoeteia, matres,

Dorycli coniunx; divini signa decoris

ardentesque notate oculos; qui spiritus

illi,

qui vultus, vocisque sonus, vel gressus eunti. Ipsa egomet

dudum Beroen

aegram, indignantem,

tali

650

digressa reliqui

quod

sola careret

munere, nec meritos Anchisae inferret honores.”

Haec effata. At matres primo ancipites, oculisque malignis ambiguae spectare rates miserum inter amorem

655

praesentis terrae fatisque vocantia regna,

cum dea

se paribus per

caelum

646. vobis: Ethical dat., //W/ jom.

dum: mony. infin.

just recently.

651.

654. malignis:

tali

sustulit alis, 648. spiritus (est) : fire or energy.

650. du-

... munere: because she alone was to miss such a cere-

spiteful.

655. ambiguae:

wavering,

spectare:

Historical

ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum. Turn vero attonitae monstris actaeque furore conclamant, rapiuntque focis penetralibus ignem; pars spoliant aras, frondem ac virgulta facesque coniciunt. Furit immissis Volcanus habenis transtra per et remos et pictas abiete puppes.

Ascanius’s Appeal to the

660

Women

Nuntius Anchisae ad tumulum cuneosque theatri incensas perfert naves Eumelus, et ipsi

nimbo

respiciunt atram in

Primus

et

ducebat,

volitare favillam.

Ascanius, cursus ut laetus equestres

sic

castra, nec

acer equo turbata petivit

exanimes possunt retinere magistri.

“Quis furor

iste

Quo nunc, quo tenditis,” inquit, Non hostem inimicaque castra

novus?

“heu, miserae cives?

Argivum, vestras spes Ascanius!”

belli

diversa

proiecit inanem,

simulacra ciebat;

accelerat simul Aeneas, simul illae

670

En, ego vester

uritis.

Galeam ante pedes

qua ludo indutus Ast

665

metu per

agmina Teucrum.

litora

675

passim

concava furtim saxa petunt; piget incepti lucisque, suosque mutatae agnoscunt, excussaque pectore luno est. Sed non idcirco flammae atque incendia vires diffugiunt, silvasque et sicubi

indomitas posuere; udo sub robore

680

vivit

stuppa vomens tardum fumum, lentusque carinas est vapor, et toto descendit

corpore

pestis,

nec vires heroum infusaque flumina prosunt. •

•

662. immissis

•

.

.

.

habenis:

Volcanus: fire; metonymy.

with

unbridled fury

(lit.,

with reins

let

loose).

stem and bow were not unusual

663. pictas:

in ancient ships.

664. cuneos: seats of a theater. 677. sicubi (sunt):

disgusted with;

for

wherever they can find them.

impers.

Juno’s influence.

used

i.e.,

calking,

669. exanimes: breathless, with pursuing him.

679. mutatae:

681. posuere lentus

.

.

.

=

est:

i.e.,

deposuere.

their vivit:

678. piget (eas):

madness gone. consumes;

est,

683. corpore: hull.

Liber

V

luno:

682. stuppa:

smolders.

the fire gradually

they are

187

i.e.,

tow

from edo.

Jupiter Sends a Rainstorm

685

Turn pius Aeneas umeris abscindere vestem, auxilioque vocare deos, et tendere palmas: “luppiter omnipotens,

Troianos,

exosus ad

unum

quid pietas antiqua labores

si

nunc, Pater, et tenues

si

nondum

humanos, da flammam evadere

respicit

Vel tu

si

Teucrum

classi

690

res eripe leto.

— quod superest — infesto fulmine morti,

mereor, demitte, tuaque hie obrue dextra.”

Vix haec ediderat, cum tempestas sine more

imbribus atra

eflfusis

furit,

tonitruque tremescunt

ardua terrarum et campi; ruit aethere toto turbidus imber aqua densisque nigerrimus austris; implenturque super puppes; semusta madescunt

695

robora; restinctus donee vapor omnis, et omnes,

quattuor amissis, servatae a peste carinae.

Nautes’s Advice to Aeneas

At pater Aeneas, casu concussus acerbo, nunc hue ingentes, nunc illuc pectore curas mutabat versans, Siculisne resideret arvis,

700

oblitus fatorum, Italasne capesseret oras.

Turn senior Nautes, unum Tritonia Pallas quern docuit multaque insignem reddidit arte,

705

(haec responsa dabat, vel quae portenderct ira

magna deum,

vel

quae fatorum posceret ordo)

Aenean solatus vocibus infit: “Nate dea, quo fata trahunt retrahuntque, sequamur; quidquid erit, superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est. isque his

Est

Dardanius divinae

tibi

685. abscindere:

unum:

to

a man.

702. -ne

= .

Pallas.

Of Jupiter.

historical infin.

689.

Atx:

grant.

691. quod superest: for that alone remains.

687. exosus (es).

ad

690. tenues ... res: 692. demitte (me).

desuper. .

.

-ne:

of the Palladium i.e.

Acestes:

as a sign of grief;

688. pietas:

failing fortunes.

697. super

i.e.,

stirpis

710

in

whether ...

Troy,

unum: above

711. divinae stirpis: See

188

704. Nautes:

or.

1.

all others.

Said to have been the guardian 705. arte: wisdom.

706. haec:

38.

Liber

V

hunc cape

consiliis

socium

et

coniunge volentem;

huic trade, amissis superanl qui navibus,

el

quos

pertaesum magni incepti rerumque tuarum est; longaevosque senes ac Tessas aequore matres, et

quidquid tecum invalidum metuensque

715

pericli est,

moenia fessi: urbem appellabunt permisso nomine Acestam.”

delige, et his

habeant

terris sine

The

\’ision of

Anchiscs

Talibus incensus dictis senioris amici,

animo diducitur omnes.

turn vero in curas

polum

Et nox atra

720

bigis subvecta lenebat:

visa dehinc caelo facies delapsa parentis

Anchisae subito

tales efTundere voces:

“Nate, mihi

quondam, dum

vita

care magis, nate, Iliacis exercite

vita

manebat, 725

Tatis,

imperio lovis hue venio, qui classibus ignem

tandem miseratus ab alto est. quae nunc pulcherrima Nautes

depulit et caelo Consiliis pare,

dat senior;

lectos iuvenes, Tortissima corda,

Gens dura atque aspera cultu debellanda tibi Latio est. Ditis tamen ante infernas accede domos, et Averna per alta

730

defer in Italiam.

congressus pete, nate, meos.

Tartara habent,

Non me

impia namque

umbrae, sed amoena piorum

tristes

Elysiumque colo. nigrarum multo pecudum

Hue

concilia

le

735

casta Sibylla

sanguine ducel: 712. volentem: a ready helper.

pertaesum ... whatever

est:

there

who are weary. pericli:

is),

718. permisso nomine:

Egesta or Segesta.

i.e.,

Obj.

716. quidquid ... est: gen.

with

with his permission.

metuens.

Acestam:

713. quos

all those

who are

(lit.,

717. sine:

From

sino.

Acesla was also called

Cicero had indicated that Segesta was founded by Aeneas (In

Verrem, V. 33). 720. animo diducitur in:

distracted hy

(lit.,

he

is

torn asunder into).

722. facies:

phantom; not the actual shade of Anchises, who was in Elysium, but a vision sent by Jupiter. The Rutulians. 733. con725. exercite: persecuted. 730. Gens: gressus ... meos: a meeting with me. Hue: Hiatus. 736. multo... 735. colo. sanguine:

Liber

V

i.e.,

after great sacrifice.

189

.

omne tuum,

quae dentur moenia, disces. lamque vale: torquet medios Nox umida cursus, turn genus

me

et

et

saevus equis Oriens afflavit anhelis.”

740

Dixerat, et tenues fugit, ceu fumus, in auras.

“Quo

Aeneas,

“Quern

deinde

quo proripis?”

ruis,

fugis, aut quis te nostris

inquit,

complexibus arcet?”

Haec memorans cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignes, Pergameumque Larem et canae penetralia Vestae 745

farre pio et plena supplex veneratur acerra.

Division of the Trojans

Extemplo socios primumque arcessit Acesten, et lovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis edocet, et quae nunc animo sententia constet.

Haud mora

consiliis,

nec iussa recusat Acestes.

Transcribunt urbi matres, populumque volentem

deponunt, animos

nil

magnae

750

laudis egentes.

flammisque ambesa reponunt aptant remosque rudentesque,

Ipsi transtra novant,

robora navigiis,

exigui numero, sed bello vivida virtus.

Aeneas urbem designat aratro sortiturque domos; hoc Ilium et haec loca Troiam esse iubet. Gaudet regno Troianus Acestes, indicitque forum et patribus dat iura vocatis. Turn vicina astris, Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae, tumuloque sacerdos

755

Interea

760

ac lucus late sacer additur Anchiseo.

741. proripis

744. Larem:

The

Lares,

for the

ter,

nil

.

new

egentes:

.

is

settled.

city.

that

753. rudentesque:

A Roman custom, court,

spirits

of the departed,

749.

mora

(est).

:

750. Transcribunt:

do not crave high renown,

Hypermetric verse. as seen in the story of

patribus ... vocatis:

sacer

to bring blessings

enroll or regis-

751. deponunt: put ashore or aside, as though from the ships,

i.e.,

laudis:

754. vivida:

Romulus. 761. ac

Gen. with verb of want.

keen.

755. designat aratro:

758. indicit forum: proclaims a

the assembled senate.

a famous temple of Venus on Mt. Eryx. late

who continued

embers.

canae: ancient.

to their posterity,

748. constet:

good

743. cinerem:

(te).

.

.

There was Spondaic verse,

759. sedes: .

Anchiseo:

revered far and wide.

190

Liber

V

lamque

dies epulata

novem gens omnis,

et aris

factus honos: placidi straverunt aequora venti,

creber et aspirans rursus vocat Auster in altum.

Exoritur procurva ingens per litora fletus;

complexi

noctemque diemque morantur.

inter se

Ipsae iam matres,

volunt,

non

omnemque

Quos bonus Aeneas et

quibus aspera

ipsi,

visa maris facies et ire

765

tolerabile

quondam

nomen,

fugae perferre laborem.

770

dictis solatur amicis,

consanguineo lacrimans commendat Acestae.

Tres Eryci vitulos

et

Tempestatibus agnam

caedere deinde iubet, solvique ex ordine funem. Ipse, caput tonsae foliis evinctus olivae,

Stans procul in prora pateram tenet, extaque salsos

775

porricit in fluctus ac vina liquentia fundit.

Prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntes.

Certatim socii feriunt mare

aequora verrunt.

et

Venus Begs for a Safe Voyage

At Venus

interea

Neptunum

exercita curis

alloquitur, talesque effundit pectore questus:

“lunonis gravis

ira

780

nec exsaturabile pectus

omnes;

cogunt me, Neptune, preces descendere

in

quam

ulla,

nec longa dies, pietas nec mitigat

nec lovis imperio fatisque infracta quiescit.

Non media urbem

de gente Phrygum exedisse nefandis

odiis satis est, nec

poenam

traxe per

reliquias Troiae, cineres atque ossa

insequitur: causas tanti sciat

785

omnem:

peremptae

ilia furoris.

Ipse mihi nuper Libycis tu testis in undis

form,

i.e.,

solemnly,

parting libation.

funem

=

traxisse.

.

.

.

funes.

773. ex ordine: indue

775. procul:

pateram:

777-778. Repeated from Book

781. nec exsaturabile:

785. media

=

769. fugae: exile.

and her

insatiable.

III.

apart,

V

for the

130, 290.

784. infracta: yielding {to) ox subdued.

exedisse: to have consumed from the very heart of Phrygia. 788. sciat: let her know, i.e., for no one else can.

(es).

Liber

i.e,,

191

786. traxe 789. testis

quam molem

subito excierit:

miscuit, Aeoliis in regnis

nequiquam

hoc ausa

maria omnia caelo

790

freta procellis,

tuis.

Per scelus ecce etiam Troianis matribus actis exussit foede puppes, et classe subegit

795

amissa socios ignotae linquere terrae.

Quod

undas

Laurentem attingere Thybrim concessa peto, si dant ea moenia Parcae.”

vela si

superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per

tibi, liceat

Neptune Promises

to

—

Help the Trojans

Turn Saturnius haec domitor maris edidit alti: “Fas omne est, Cytherea, meis te fidere regnis, unde genus ducis: merui quoque; saepe furores compressi et rabiem tantam caelique marisque. Nec minor in terris, Xanthum Simoentaque testor, Aeneae mihi cura tui. Cum Troia Achilles exanimata sequens impingeret agmina muris, milia multa daret leto, gemerentque repleti amnes, nec reperire viam atque evolvere posset in mare se Xanthus, Pelidae tunc ego forti congressum Aenean nec dis nec viribus aequis nube cava rapui, cuperem cum vertere ab imo structa meis manibus periurae moenia Troiae.

Nunc quoque mens eadem

800

805

810

perstat mihi; pelle timorem.

Tutus, quos optas, portus accedet Averni.

Unus

erit

790. those,

tantum, amissum quern gurgite quaeres;

molem:

tumult.

791. freta:

Adj.

795. terrae

=

in

terra.

798. ea:

by the Tiber.

Neptune, son of Saturn. 800. Cytherea: It was at Cythera that Venus “sprang from the sea foam.” 801. merui: I have deserved your faith. 803. Xanthum Simoentaque: In the Iliad, the rivers Xanthus and Simois are represented as rising against Achilles. 805. exanimata (metu): panic-stricken. 808. Pe799. Saturnius:

Dat. with congressum, encountering the son of Peleus, Achilles. 809. nec dis ...aequis: with the gods not impartial, and their strength ill-matched; zeugma.

lidae:

810. cum:

Book

11.

another allusion to Laomedon, the bargain breaker. See 111. 248. 812. perstat: remains unchanged. 814. Unus...

although:

625 and

tantum: Only one, Palinurus; see

192

1.

859.

Liber

V

unum

pro multis dabitur caput.”

815

His ubi laeta deae permulsit pectora

dictis,

equos auro Genitor, spumantiaque addit

iungit

frena

feris,

manibusque omnes

summa

Caeruleo per

effundit habenas.

levis volat

aequora curru;

subsidunt undae, tumidumque sub axe tonanti sternitur

aequor aquis; fugiunt vasto aethere nimbi.

Turn variae comitum et senior

820

facies,

immania

cete,

Glauci chorus, Inousque Palaemon,

Tritonesque

citi,

Phorcique exercitus omnis;

laeva tenet Thetis, et Melite, Panopeaque virgo,

825

Nisaee, Spioque, Thaliaque, Cymodoceque.

Aeneae suspensam blanda vicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem: iubet ocius omnes Hie

patris

malos, intendi bracchia

attolli

Una omnes

velis.

pedem, pariterque sinistros, nunc dextros solvere sinus; una ardua torquent cornua detorquentque; ferunt sua flamina classem.

830

fecere

Princeps ante omnes densum Palinurus agebat

agmen; ad hunc

alii

cursum contendere

Palinurus Is Swallowed

lamque

fere

mediam

cum

by the Sea

nox umida metam

caeli

membra

contigerat; placida laxabant

sub remis

Up

iussi.

835

quiete

per dura sedilia nautae:

fusi

levis aetheriis

delapsus

Somnus ab

astris

aera dimovit tenebrosum et dispulit umbras, Palinure, petens, tibi

te,

somnia

tristia

816. laeta:

man ibus Greek

... habenas:

pi.,

i.e.,

gives

them

on the

made a

Thetis:

tack;

pes

is

mediam

.

begins to descend. tia

:

.

.

822. comitum:

Mother of

Inous: Ino's son. 830.

Achilles.

the corner of the sail which

832. cornua: spars or tips of the sailyards. 835.

818. feris: fiery steeds.

metam:

i.e., it is

is

V

the

names

825. laeva tenet:

i.e.,

Una: Together, fecere pedem: drawn in or out when tacking.

sua: favoring.

midnight, and night, having passed this goal,

837. sub remis: at their oars,

fusi per: stretched along.

deadly.

Liber

cete:

his retinue,

823. senior: a^ed, like Glaucus, their leader;

sea monsters.

left.

Prolepsis.

free rein.

that follow are sea-gods or sea-nymphs.

are

840

portans

193

840.

tris-

.

puppique deus consedit

insonti;

Phorbanti

similis,

in alta,

funditque has ore loquelas:

“laside Palinure, ferunt ipsa aequora classem;

aequatae spirant aurae; datur hora

quieti.

Pone caput, fessosque oculos furare labori: ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo.” Cui vix attollens Palinurus lumina fatur: “Mene salis placidi vultum fluctusque quietos ignorare iubes? Mene huic confidere monstro? Aenean credam quid enim fallacibus auris, et caeli totiens

845

850

deceptus fraude sereni?”

Talia dicta dabat, clavumque affixus et haerens

nusquam

amittebat, oculosque sub astra tenebat.

Ecce deus

ramum Lethaeo

rore

madentem,

vique soporatum Stygia, super utraque quassat

tempora, cunctantique natantia lumina 841. insonti: sailors.

845. furare:

i.e.,

solvit.

not consenting,

labori:

850. Aenean ... quid:

854. Lethaeo: Lethe, the underworld river of forgetfulness.

Stygian force.

One

842. Phorbanti:

Imperative of furor, steal away.

849. monstro: fickle monster, ih&SQ'd.

855

of the

Dat. of separation.

Why should I entrust 855.

vi

.

.

.

..

Stygia: with

856. (ei) cunctanti: though he struggled against {his influence).

194

Liber

V

Vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus, et

super incumbens

cumque gubernaclo,

cum puppis

parte revulsa,

liquidas proiecit in undas

praecipitem ac socios nequiquam saepe vocantem;

860

ad auras, aequore classis,

ipse volans tenues se sustulit ales

tutum non setius promissisque patris Neptuni interrita fertur. lamque adeo scopulos Sirenum advecta subibat, Currit

iter

difficiles

quondam multorumque

865

ossibus albos,

turn rauca assiduo longe sale saxa sonabant:

cum

pater amisso fluitantem errare magistro

sensit, et ipse

ratem nocturnis

multa gemens, casuque

“O nimium nudus

rexit in undis,

animum concussus

amici:

870

caelo et pelago confise sereno,

in ignota, Palinure, iacebis

arena!"

Cognate acc. non setius: nevertheless, though without Palinurus. 864. Sirenum: The rocks of the Sirens, off the southern part of the Bay of Naples. 865. quondam: i.e., viewed from Vergil’s time. The Sirens cast themselves into the sea after Ulysses foiled them {Odyssey, XII. 178866. turn: i.e., after Ulysses’ time, sale saxa sonabant: Onomatopoeia. 200). 867. fluitantem: 871. nudus: 869. animum: Acc. of specification. drift int;. 861. ales:

Adj., on his win^s.

862. iter:

nnhuried, a dreadful fate.

Liber

V

195

LIBER VI Vfff/t/ttfn

UtfU t*

«•

Arrival at

FATUR

IC

S

Cumae

lacrimans, classique immittit habenas,

tandem Euboicis Cumarum

et

allabitur oris.

Obvertunt pelago proras; turn dente tenaci ancora fundabat naves, et litora curvae

luvenum manus emicat ardens Hesperium; quaerit pars semina flammae

praetexunt puppes. litus in

abstrusa

in venis silicis,

5

pars densa ferarum

tecta rapit silvas, inventaque flumina monstrat. 2.

Kuboicis

.

.

.

oris:

Cumae,

was the oldest was situated on the coast of Campania, just north a colony from Chalcis in Euboea,

Greek settlement in Italy. It Traces of the old of the Bay of Naples. i.e.,

the sterns were along the shore.

thought of as hidden

in

the

flint until

city exist

today.

5.

praetexunt:

line,

semina flammae: seeds of pame, sparks struck out of it. 8. tecta: haunts, in apposi6.

tion with silvas.

196

Liber VI

At plus Aeneas

arces, quibus altus

Apollo

praesidet, horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae

antrum immane

magnam

petit,

cui

10

mentem animumque

Delius inspirat vates, aperitque futura.

lam subeunt

Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta.

The Temple of Apollo

Daedalus, ut fama

Minoia regna,

fugiens

est,

praepetibus pinnis ausus se credere caelo,

insuetum per

iter

Chalcidicaque

15

gelidas enavit ad Arctos,

levis

tandem super

Redditus his primum

terris, tibi,

astitit arce.

Phoebe, sacravit

remigium alarum, posuitque immania templa. In foribus letum Androgeo: turn pendere poenas Cecropidae iussi miserum! septena quotannis

—

9. arces:

20

—

hill

or citadel, where the Temple of Apollo was situated;

under the temple were the secret caves of the Sibyl. 10. procul: at some distance, hard by. secreta: retreat. Sibyllae: This name was given to various mythical prophetic women, of whom the Cumaean Sibyl was the most famous. 12. Delius vates: Apollo, born at Delos. 13. Triviae: An epithet of Diana; see note on .

Book

.

IV. 511.

14.

Daedalus:

A

friend of Minos, king of Crete;

he was forced to seek safety Icarus.

The boy

in

other lands.

after incurring

He made wings

Minos’s enmity,

for himself

and

his

son

flew too near the sun, lost his wax-fastened wings, fell'into the sea,

and was drowned. Daedalus reached Italy, built a temple to Apollo as a thankoffering, and carved on the doors the four scenes described below, 11. 20-30, 16. Arctos: r/?c wor//; (lit., r//c 5ea/.s, the two constellations), 17. Chalcidica: Cumae was founded by men from Chalcis in Euboea, 1. 2. 19. remigium: oarage; compare Book I. 301 and note. 20. In foribus: There are four carvings on the doors: (1) the death of Androgeos, son of Minos, killed at Athens by the Athenians; (2) the penalty paid by the Athenians, who were forced to send as an annual tribute seven youths and seven maidens, chosen by lot, who were fed to the Minotaur; (3) Pasiphae and Pasiphae, wife of Minos, had angered Venus by revealing the goddess’s the bull love affair with Mars. Venus caused her to be smitten with a “cruel passion’’ for a bull and to give birth to the monster, half man and half bull, called the Minotaur, which was kept in the Labyrinth built by Daedalus; (4) Theseus and Ariadne Theseus, the Athenian hero, finally went as one of the seven youths in the annual He won the tribute, slew the Minotaur, and freed Athens from its terrible payment. love of Ariadne, daughter of Minos; and she, with Daedalus’s assistance, helped him

—

—

to

thread his

way through

the Labyrinth.

21. Cecropidae:

the descendants

of

Cecrops was the legendary ancestor of the Athenians, said to be earth-born, shown as a serpent below the waist, miserum: Acc. of exclamation. Cecrops,

Liber VI

i.e.,

Athenians.

197

corpora natorum;

stat ductis sortibus urna.

Contra data mari respondet Gnosia tellus: hie crudelis amor tauri, suppostaque furto Pasiphae, mixtumque genus prolesque biformis

Minotaurus

inest,

Veneris

domus

monumenta nefandae;

et inextricabilis error;

hie labor

ille

magnum

reginae sed enim miseratus

Daedalus ipse dolos caeca regens

tecti

filo vestigia.

partem opere

25

amorem

ambagesque resolvit, Tu quoque magnam

in tanto, sineret

30

dolor, Icare, haberes.

Bis conatus erat casus effingere in auro; bis patriae cecidere

manus.

The Cumaean Sibvl

perlegerent oculis, ni

Quin protinus omnia iam praemissus Achates

atque una Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos,

afToret,

35

Deiphobe Glauci, fatur quae talia regi: “Non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit; nunc grege de intacto septem mactare iuvencos praestiterit, totidem lectas de more bidentes.” Talibus alTata Aenean (nec sacra morantur^^^ iussa viri),

Teucros vocat alta

in

40

templa iacerdos.

Excisum Euboicae flatus ingens, rupis m antrum, quo lati ducunt k'Hrtus^ efefft^m, c^stia centum; unde ruunt toti^e^ voces, responsa Sibyllae. Ventum erat ad lim^^^^cum virgo, “Poscere fata 24. supposta

sed enim: 30. caeca

(=

.

.

.

28. reginae: princess, Ariadne,

supposita) furto: craftily mated.

vestigia:

ambagesque:

windings;

hendiadys.

the groping footsteps of Theseus, Ariadne’s lover.

31. sine-

29. dolos ...

Ellipsis.

treacherous

ret dolor:

if grief permitted; a conditional clause, with the

erat:

pater eius, implied in patriae,

i.e.,

45

omitted.

si

33. cecidere: fell,

33.

1.

32. conatus

unnerved by

his

grief.

33. protinus ... perlegerent: 35. sacerdos:

syllables.

38. intacto:

would he 45.

i.e.,

that never

better.

Ventum

The

erat:

198

felt

they would have kept on surveying, Sibyl.

36. Glauci:

the yoke.

They had come,

daughter

39. praestiterit:

43. aditus: passages, leading \\r\y>Qxs.,

i.e.,

fata:

omnia: of

Two

Glaucus.

Potential subjunc.,

from the outer temple

it

to the cave.

of Apollo.

Liber VI

L

tempus,”

Ac^,^

,“deus, ecce, deus!”/Cui talia fanti

ait;,

ante lorSs'^subito*^ non vSl'tSs, non color unus,

non comptae mansere2 — .L^^MTj vj

.

\iA-

*.

‘

^

f*'!^"

TB

‘i

.c

,,

"

1

'

O'

/

&ed pectus arifelum,

cljrnae:

..

V

rer^orda tui^pt; maiorque viden, nec mortale sonans, Smatl est numine quando

50

iam propiore dei. “Cessas in vota precbsque. Tros,” ait, “Aenea? Cessas? Neque enim ante dehiscent attonitae, maena.ora domus.” Et talia fata V'rnju*^ bcwMJt conticuu^^elidus Teucj-i^s per dura cucurnt o^^tremor, funditque prei:es rex pectore ab mo:

55

et rabie

i

The Prayer of Aeneas

to Apollo

4^^c(o

Phoebe, graves Trojae^semper miserate labores.

Dardana qui corpus

manusque

Paridi: ridis dixexti tela

Aeacidae, maenas obeuntia tern terrgs ’

in

Kin A * maria intravi du^^e, peniiusqvie jePQS epos Massylum gentes prj^et^i^^ue

tot

60

^

I

iam tandem^^lme Yugientes hac Troiana tenus fuerit Fortuna secuta

.

nP e

/

fas^a‘i^ere dimie deaeque omnes quibus (mstiUt IlLum ^

Tuque,

CTorfa Dardaniae.

et

et itt£ens

prvph^ACL

sanctissima vates,

65

nonjndebit^osco

praesciaM/enturi, d^,

Turn Phoebo

O

genti

Triviae solid© de mafifTore' teinplum 48. comptae:

anhelum

in order,

nate acc.

i.e.,

not until

50. mortale:

Historical infin.

CogNeque

the presence of the god.

57. Paridis: 58. Aeacidae:

surrounding. as

49. videri:

52. Are you remiss, i.e., in entering upon prayer. you pray. 53. attonitae: oMe-.v/n/cA, as though the shrine

51. Cessas:

enim ante: felt

heaves.

(est):

it

seems.

lowed

us,

storm-tossed.

Augustus

Liber VI

i.e.,

in

slew Achilles, with

Achilles;

60. praetenta: 62. hac

and no

66. venturi:

who

Paris,

.

further.

Obj.

gen.

.

.

Aeacus was the grandfather of bordering, with dat.

secuta: 63.

Apollo’s aid.

thus far

max

.

.

.

fatis:

Achilles,

61. fugientes:

direxisti.

obeuntia:

ever-retreating,

Trojan fortune (misfortune) have fol-

Vos: Acc., subj. of parcere.

non indebita

=

direxti

due

to

mv

64. obstitit: destiny.

offended.

68. agitata:

templum: Probably an allusion to the Temple of Apollo 28 b.c., as a thank-offering for his victory at Actium. 69.

199

built

by

nomine Phoe^ Te quoque magna ma^nei^^^egms^^^ralia nostris:

70

instituam, festosque dies de

namque

hie ego

tua|_sortes arcanaque fata,

meae

djet a

lectosqqe^acrabo,

aimla, vims.TFoliis ne tufbata yo Ipsa cartas b ro.

a

75 it

The At;,

Phoebi

npndum

bac^i^yir ^v^s,^

manda,

ore loquendr!

Sibyl’s

Prophecy

m

imnicinis rhanis in patiens, imrr patiens",

magnum

si

antro aniru

pectofe

y ^ U cc

aLic\

3X .’Viul^V

80

OS raabidun®, fera corda domans?< fmgitque prernendo.

Ostia iamque

domus

patuere ingentia centum

sponte sua, vatisque ferunt responsa per auras:

“O tandem magnis

pelagi defuncte periclis!

Sed terrae graviora manent. In regna Lavini Dardanidae venient; mitte hanc de pectore curam;

85

non et venisse volent. Bella, horrida bella, Thybrim multo spumantem sanguine cerno.

sed et

Non

Simois

nec Xanthus, nec Dorica castra

iam partus Achilles, ipse dea; nec Teucris addita luno

defuerint;

natus et

tibi,

alius Latio

90 70. festos dies:

Apollinares, instituted in 212 b.c. here,

trans.

Sibylline

penetralia:

Books were

tos...viros:

Priests

.

.

.

i.e.,

the Sibyl, obj. of manent, which

sanctuary in the Temple of Apollo at

kept.

72. sortes:

Rome, where

oracles of the Sibylline Books.

having charge of the Sibylline Books.

manda = noli mandare: do by Helenus, Book III. 441-457.

ne

71. Te:

The Ludi is

the

73. lec-

74. tantum:

only.

Aeneas remembers the advice given ipsa canas = ut canas: Spoken, not written,

not commit; 76.

prophecy is requested. 78. si...possit: 77. immanis: Translate as adv. Indir. question. 79. excussisse: Perf. infin. for pres., for emphasis, fatigat: The image is that of taming a wild horse. 80. fingit prernendo: trains her by force. 83. periclis: Abl. with defungor. 84. Lavini: their future home. 86. non: With venisse. et: With volent. 88. Non Simois: The Trojan woes repeated: (1) the two rivers, Tiber and Numicius (where Aeneas died), like the Trojan Simois and Xanthus; (2) the Rutulian camp, like the Greek camp before Troy; (3) a second Achilles, Turnus. 90. et ipse: he, too, i.e., Turnus, son of Venilia, a nymph, like Achilles, son of Thetis, a sea-goddess,

200

addita: haunting.

Liber

VI

usquam

aberit;

cum

tu supplex in rebus egenis

quas gentes Italum aut quas non oraveris urbes! Causa mali tanti coniunx iterum hospita Teucris externique iterum thalami.

Tu ne cede

malis, sed contra audentior ito,

95

qua tua te Fortuna sinet. Via prima salutis, quod minime reris, Graia pandetur ab urbe.” Talibus ex adyto dictis

Cumaea

Sibylla

horrendas canit ambages antroque remugit, 100

obscuris vera involvens: ea frena furenti concutit, et stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo. 93. coniunx;

Lavinia.

^ j \b

iterum:

i.e.,

a second Helen.

qua (via): by whatever way. 97. quod = id quod. Graia: Two syllables. Evander was an ally of Aeneas, who came from Arcadia and built Pallanteum on the site of Rome. 99. ambages: riddles. 100. ea = talia: With 101. vertit: plies, continuing the figure of a wild horse begun in 1. 79. furenti. hospita:

foreign.

96.

.

Aeneas Asks to Visit His Father

Ut primum

cessit furor et

in the

Lower World

rabida ora quierunt,

Aeneas heros: “Non ulla laborum, O virgo, nova mi facies inopinave surgit; omnia praecepi atque animo mecum ante peregi. incipit

Unum

oro:

quando

hie inferni ianua regis

dicitur, et tenebrosa palus ire

ad conspectum

105

Acheronte refuso,

cari genitoris et ora

contingat; doceas iter et sacra ostia pandas.

Ilium ego per flammas

et mille

sequentia tela

1

10

medioque ex hoste recepi; ille meum comitatus iter, maria omnia mecum atque omnes pelagique minas caelique ferebat, eripui his umeris,

sortemque senectae. Quin, ut te supplex peterem et tua limina adirem, idem orans mandata dabat. Natique patrisque, potes namque omnia, nec alma, precor, miserere invalidus, vires ultra

—

nequiquam si

—

115

te

Hecate praefecit Avernis potuit Manes arcessere coniugis Orpheus, lucis

120

Threicia fretus cithara fidibusque canoris, si

fratrem Pollux alterna morte redemit,

Quid Thesea, magnum quid memorem Alciden? Et mi genus ab love summo.” itque reditque

=

104. mi

viam

mihi:

overflows into

too.

where Acheron wells up or 109. contingat (mihi): may it be my happy fortune. 107. Acheronte refuso:

before me.

Lake Avernus.

115. Quin: he,

totiens.

Nay, more, ut Nati: Gen. with .

adirem: Purpose clause with mandata.

.

miserere.

Thracian bard, married Eurydice,

Hades

who was

119. coniugis: bitten

Eurydice.

116. idem: Orpheus, the

by a snake and died on her wedding

and because he charmed Proserpina, the Queen of Hades, with his music, Eurydice was returned to him on the condition that he not look back at her on the way out. Orpheus did look back, and she vanday.

Orpheus went

to

to recover her,

ished again into the underworld.

120. cithara fidibusque: Abl. with fretus.

121. Pol-

Castor was mortal, the son of Leda and Tyndareus; his twin brother was immortal, the son of Leda and Jupiter. When Castor died, Pollux received permission

lux:

from Jupiter to share his immortality with Castor. Each lived one day in the undermemorem: Why tell of. Thesea: world and the next among the gods. 122. Quid Greek acc. Theseus went to the underworld to carry away Proserpina, wife of Pluto. 123. Alciden: Hercules went to the underworld to carry away the three-headed dog, Cerberus, mi: Dat. of poss. genus: i.e., his mother, Venus, was the daughter of .

.

.

;

Jupiter.

202

Liber VI

The Golden Bough

Talibus orabat

cum

dictis,

arasque tenebat,

orsa loqui vates: “Sate sanguine divum,

sic

Tros Anchisiade,

facilis

noctes atque dies patet sed revocare

descensus Averno;

ianua Ditis;

atri

gradum superasque evadere ad

hoc opus, hie labor

125

auras,

Pauci, quos aequus amavit

est.

ad aethera virtus, Tenent media omnia silvae,

luppiter, aut ardens evexit dis geniti potuere.

Cocytusque sinu labens circumvenit

Quod

tantus

si

amor

menti,

si

130

atro.

tanta cupido,

bis Stygios innare lacus, bis nigra videre

Tartara, et insano iuvat indulgere labori Latet arbore opaca

accipe quae peragenda prius.

aureus

vimine ramus,

et foliis et lento

lunoni infernae dictus sacer; hunc lucus, et

omnis obscuris claudunt convallibus umbrae.

Sed non ante datur

auricomos

Hoc

sibi

135

quam

pulchra

telluris

operta subire,

140

quis decerpserit arbore fetus.

suum

munus

Proserpina

ferri

Primo avulso non

instituit.

tegit

deficit alter

aureus, et simili frondescit virga metallo.

Ergo

alte vestiga oculis, et rite

namque

carpe manu; si te

fata vocant;

vincere, nec

dum

aliter

non

exanimum

viribus ullis ferro.

corpus amici

tibi

—

— totamque incestat funere classem,

150

consulta petis nostroque in limine pendes.

Sedibus hunc refer ante suis

possession.

141. quis

137.

Ethical

126. Averno: Here used for the whole

foliis,

vimine:

=

aliquis.

Abl. of source.

143. instituit:

on high.

dat.,

arbore:

/

tell

142.

has ordained.

148. vincere:

you.

133. menti: Dat. of

this.

Abl. of specification with aureus.

Proserpina, the Juno of the lower world.

priate offering. 145. alte:

conde sepulcro.

131. (hoc) potuere: have been able to do

lower world. infernae:

et

sanguine: Abl. of source.

125. orsa (est).

place,

145

ipse volens facilisque sequetur,

duro poteris convellere

Praeterea iacet

heu nescis

repertum

i.e.,

151. pendes

it

=

140. subire:

suum

.

.

.

moraris.

Subj. of datur.

munus: as her appro-

144. metallo:

will resist all

your

Abl. of description. efforts.

152. Sedibus:

ante: first.

Liber VI

138. lunoni

203

149. tibi:

Dat.,

resting

Due sic

nigras pecudes; ea prima piacula sunto:

demum

lucos Stygis et regna invia vivis

obmutuit

Dixit, pressoque

aspicies.”

155

ore.

The Body of Misenus

Aeneas maesto defixus lumina vultu ingreditur, linquens antrum, caecosque volutat

eventus animo secum. it

comes,

Multa

et

Cui fidus Achates

paribus curis vestigia

figit.

sermone serebant,

inter sese vario

160

quern socium exanimem vates, quod corpus

Atque

diceret.

Misenum

illi

humandum

in litore sicco,

peremptum,

ut venere, vident indigna morte

Misenum Aeoliden, quo non praestantior alter aere ciere viros, Martemque accendere cantu.

165

Hectoris hie magni fuerat comes, Hectora circum

pugnas

et lituo

insignis obibat et hasta:

postquam ilium vita victor spoliavit Achilles, Dardanio Aeneae sese fortissimus heros addiderat socium, non inferiora secutus.

170

Sed turn, forte cava dum personat aequora concha, demens, et cantu vocat in certamina divos, aemulus exceptum Triton, si credere dignum est, inter saxa virum spumosa immerserat unda. Ergo omnes magno circum clamore fremebant, praecipue pius Aeneas. Turn iussa Sibyllae, baud mora, festinant flentes, aramque sepulcri

175

congerere arboribus caeloque educere certant. Itur in

antiquam silvam, stabula

154. sic

demum:

156. lumina:

thus,

and only

thus.

eyes; acc. of specification.

161. quern socium: as to which comrade. ciere: infin.

in

Hector.

with

their

166. Hectora

praestantior.

171. personat:

own

makes

instrument.

guard and plunged.

177.

echo,

173.

aram

159.

figit:

plants, in deep meditation.

164. quo: Abl. of comparison.

mustering with his bugle; aere,

with

alta ferarum;

metonymy circum:

concha:

for tuba; at

i.e.,

and accendere,

Hector's side.

168. ilium:

challenging the gods of the sea

exceptum ... immerserat:

sepulcri:

ciere

165. aere

funeral pyre.

had caught off his 179. Itur: They go.

stabula: coverts.

204

Liber VI

procumbunt

piceae, sonat icta securibus ilex,

fraxineaeque trabes cuneis

et fissile

scinditur, advolvunt ingentes

Nec non Aeneas opera

180

robur

montibus ornos. talia primus

inter

hortatur socios, paribusque accingitur armis.

The Search

Atque haec

for the

cum

ipse suo tristi

aspectans silvam immensam, “Si nunc se nobis

ille

Golden Bough

corde volutat,

et sic forte

185

precatur;

aureus arbore ramus

ostendat nemore in tanto, quando omnia vere

heu nimium de te vates, Misene, locuta est.” Vix ea fatus erat, geminae cum forte columbae

190

ipsa sub ora viri caelo venere volantes, et viridi sedere solo.

Turn maximus heros

maternas agnoscit aves, laetusque precatur: “Este duces, O, dirigite in lucos,

ramus humum. diva parens.”

qua via est, cursumque per auras ubi pinguem dives opacat Tuque, O, dubiis ne defice rebus,

si

195

Sic effatus vestigia pressit,

observans quae signa ferant, quo tendere pergant.

tantum prodire volando, quantum acie possent oculi servare sequentum. Inde ubi venere ad fauces grave olentis Averni, tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per aera lapsae sedibus optatis geminae super arbore sidunt, discolor unde auri per ramos aura refulsit. Quale solet silvis brumali frigore viscum fronde virere nova, quod non sua seminat arbos. Pascentes

illae

182. (de) montibus. 186. forte: ised).

as

it

chanced; also

188. omnia:

in

.

.

.

servare:

off noxious fumes.

contrasted gleam,

commonly

1.

190.

else.

199. tantum prodire ...

(cursum).

Liber VI

everything

i.e.,

confused.

to

keep them

203. optatis:

205

tools.

195. pinguem: fertile,

sacred to Venus.

200. acie

184. armis:

200

187. Si

193. maternas

= =

dives: Because

quantum:

in sight.

Utinam.

suae matris: it is

moved only

golden.

longed-for, by Aeneas.

that

{prom-

Doves were 198. tendere

so far in advance as.

201. grave olentis:

the contrast to the darker foliage,

ille:

i.e.,

Avemus gave

204. discolor ... aura:

aura:

Light and air are

206. fronde ... nova: put forth fresh foliage.

205

et

croceo fetu teretes circumdare truncos, frondentis opaca

talis erat species auri

crepitabat brattea vento.

ilice, sic leni

210

Corripit Aeneas extemplo avidusque refringit

cunctantem,

et vatis portat

sub tecta Sibyllae.

The Funeral of Misenus

Nec minus

Misenum

interea

suprema

flebant, et cineri ingrato

Principio

pinguem

in litore Teucri

ferebant.

taedis et robore secto

ingentem struxere pyram, cui frondibus

215

atris

intexunt latera, et ferales ante cupressos constituunt, decorantque super fulgentibus armis.

Pars calidos latices

et

aena undantia flammis

expediunt, corpusque lavant frigentis et unguunt.

Turn membra toro defleta reponunt, purpureasque super vestes, velamina nota,

220

Fit gemitus.

Pars ingenti subiere feretro,

coniciunt. triste

ministerium, et subiectam

more parentum

Congesta cremantur

aversi tenuere facem.

turea dona, dapes, fuso crateres olivo.

Postquam

collapsi cineres et

flamma

225

quievit,

bibulam lavere favillam, ossaque lecta cado texit Corynaeus aeno. Idem ter socios pura circumtulit unda, reliquias vino et

spargens rore

levi et

ramo

230

felicis olivae,

lustravitque viros, dixitque novissima verba.

208.

golden bough.

2i\\r\:

214. pinguem:

resinous, with pine fagots.

sociated with death; funeral

209. crepitabat: crackled.

see

Book

218. aena

custom.

.

ill. .

.

64

211. cunctantem: clinging.

216. ante:

cupressos':

in front,

A

217. decorant ... armis:

.

flammis:

bronze

vessels

very ancient

over

boiling

As-

the

fire.

219. frigentis: {of the hero) cold and dead. 220. Fit: Is raised, defleta: over which they have wept. 221. purpureas ... vestes: As at great Roman funerals, nota:

They were

his

own, and

Appositive to Pars 225. fuso ... olivo

:

.

.

.

so, well

of streaming wr/?.

oil;

abl.

223. ministerium:

with averted faces, as

of description.

was customary.

227. bibulam:

229. circumtulit: went around among.

231. novissima verba:

206

222. subiere: took up.

224. aversi:

feretro.

228. cado: (the cinerary)

well-omened.

known.

thirsty.

230. felicis:

the last words, e.g., ave, vale.

Liber VI

At pius Aeneas

ingenti

mole sepulcrum

arma viro, remumque tubamque, monte sub aerio, qui nunc Misenus ab illo dicitur, aeternumque tenet per saecula nomen. imponit, suaque

235

Aeneas Makes an Offering to the Underworld Deities

His

actis,

propere exsequitur praec^ta Sib^llae.

Spelunca alta

fuit

vastoque immanis matu,^

scrupea, tuta lacu nigro

quam

nemorumque tenebm,

super baud ullae poterant impune vomntbs

tendere iteroirinis

— tabs sese halitus

240

atris

faucibus efiiindens supera ad convexg^ j^j*^ebat

unde locum Grai dixerunt nomine Aornon. Quattuor hie primum nigiSmes terga iuvencos constituit, frontique invergit vina sacerdos;^^^^^;^ et summas carpens media inter cornua saetas

245

ignibus imponit sacris, libamina prima,

voce vocans Hecaten, Caeloque Ereboque potentem.

Supponunt

alii

cultros,

tepidumque cruorem

agnam Aeneas matri Eumenidum magnaeque sorori suscipiunt pateris.

ense

Ipse atri velleris

sterilemque

ferit,

tibi,

250

Proserpina, vaccam.

Turn Stygio regi nocturnas incohat aras, et solida imponit taurorum viscera flammis, pingue super oleum fundens ardentibus

Ecce autem, primi sub lumina sub pedibus mugire solum, 233. sua:

Today

it

is

his appropriate,

called

237. hiatu:

iuga coepta mover!

et

emblems, rather than arms.

Capo Miseno, near

n\es, flying creatures.

the

.

.

.

234. Misenus:

Bay of Naples.

238. tuta:

241. supera

255

solis et ortus,

arma:

yawning entrance.

extis.

Part,

convexa:

of tueor.

239. volantes:

heaven’s vault.

i.e.,

242. Aornon:

Referring to the supposed derivation of Avernus from Greek Aornos, meaning birdless.

243. nigrantes terga: black-backed; terga, acc. of specification.

hairs; see note

on Book IV. 698.

249. suscipiunt: catch (from below).

Eumenidum: Night,

sorori: i.e., Telluri.

the shades, barren.

252. Stygio regi:

casses.

Long

254. super:

e’,

diastole.

VI

250. matri

251. sterilem: Appropriate to the world of

Pluto.

253. solida

.

.

256. mugire (coepit).

.

viscera:

whole car-

coepta (sunt): Pass,

with pass, infin.

Liber

245. saetas:

207

.

umbram,

silvarum, visaeque canes ululare per

adventante dea.

“Procul,

O

procul

:

este,

profani,”

conclamat vates, “totoque absistite luco; tuque invade viam, vaginaque eripe ferrum

260

:

nunc animis opus, Aenea, nunc pectore firmo.”

The Descent

to the

Lower World

Tantum effata, furens antro se immisit aperto; ille ducem baud tirnidis.vadentem nassibus aequat. Jji, quibus impenum e&t,animarum. umbrae ue.silentes, et Chaps, et Phlegethon, lo^a nocte

wentm

late,

,

.

^

p’^fi^e res^f^ ^ff|t3’t fS^t caligihe c5’ligil mersasT

J

Iban^'obscuR sdla jub jnocte pei^mbram, perque

domqs^iu^acuas

q uale pe n e^t iterf

et

i^niaWegna

icejt inGeTmm ^ sun ^ luAam

lucb^ majigna

270

in^iwis^ ubi/caelum) conSidit [umbra

luppiter, et rebus

nox

Luctus

posujre^cubiH^Curae;

et uitrices

abstulit atra colorem.

t^tisque Senectus, F^^s, ac tufpis Egest^,

l^aifentesque habitant ivferfn, et

l3etus,et

m^esu^a

L»que, t^oiue‘

275

.

’

turn consanguineus Lei Leti Sopor, et

Gaudia, TTO^uI^mqh 257. canes:

that attend Hecate.

258. dea: Hecate.

uninitiated at

Away, away, ye unhallowed, the regular warning addressed to the religious ceremonies here, Aeneas’s companions, who cannot ac-

company him

to the lower world.

opus

now you need

Procul

.

.

.

profani:

(tibi est):

—

burning river of the lower world.

tral,

numine:

tenanted only by shades.

273. Vestibulum:

208

First,

But you, Aeneas.

261. animis

courage.

263. aequat: keeps pace with. things / have heard,

260. tuque: 265. Chaos:

266.

consent.

sit

.

.

The lower world. loqui: grant

269. vacuas

.

270. quale ... est iter:

they meet

human

ills

.

.

me

the right to tell the

phantom specwhen one journeys.

inania:

i.e.,

as

Phlegethon: the

.

.

.

personified.

Liber

VI

lerreique^ /Eiunenidumi thalami, et Discordia demens,

vipereum crinem i/TAck

T

vitti^ j'l

280

y Y/sr y

innexa viu^nwa.

/

tv\c.At\'Vk''A

In medio ramos annosaque bracchia pandit r\^

^U‘''

= an

where a long syllable occurs in the second half of the foot and thus the normal ratio of thesis and arsis is not preirrational spondee,

served.

—

v_/

w

or

_i

ww =

a cyclic dactyl, again an irrational foot, read trippingly in about the time of a trochee.

A = a pause of about the time value of a short

(A verse lacking a syllable at the called catalectic and has a pause. When

syllable.

end

is

the end-syllable

is

present, the verse

is

called

acatalectic.)

A. The Meters of

The following meters used by Horace in this

book:

410

Horace

are found in the selections included

1.

Alcaic Strophe, the most frequently used of Horace’s meters:

> •

j1

w

II

> ’

J_\j\

> v_/

I

Found

1 >

1

^ —w w

1

-i

1

w

1

1

J-

A

1

-L

A

^ ^w W

-'>1N'

:

WW

1

.

\

2.

s >

1

I

1

in selections 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12.

Sapphic Strophe:

-Lw

^w Z. w

1

h

V

-L

> >

11

1

-L

ww IZwl

J_

1

j_ \j\_t

1

1

1

ww

_L

Jl

1

11

w w

1

1

1.

w

W ^w 1

Found 3.

in selections 5, 8, 9.

First Asclepiadean:

—> Found 4.

5.

W _w

II

I

—w w _ w _ —^ w _w ^ i_ I

I

I

II

I

I

“"V./

I

I

Found

> >

— W W L_ — W _w _

1

II

I

I

_^ ^ I

I

A (three times)

I

I

in selection 6.

Fourth Asclepiadean:

w _w _A _ > -W w L_ _ A _> W _w _ _> I

I

I

Found

II

I

I

1

I

1

I

in selections 1,4, 14.

dactylic

hexameter followed by:

_ Found

Dactylic Hexameter

Found

_ WW _ A I

The Meters of Catullus

— see

§ 4.

in selection 10.

Elegiac Couplet

Found

I

in selection 16.

B.

2.

(two times)

I

First Archilochean:

A

1.

A

Third Asclepiadean:

_

7.

A

1

in selection 13.

J-

6.

L_

I

in selection 15.

Second Asclepiadean: _> —>

Found

^

I

— see

in selections 8

§ 5.

and 9

411

3.

Choliambic:

>

.

I

,

'

I

4.

w

l

\

I

I

(Here regarded as trochaic with anacrusis.)

Found 5.

>

'U

in selection 3.

Hendecasyllabic (sometimes called Phalacean):

^/ Found

in selections

>

f

L

—\u

w

1, 2, 5, 6.

Gly conic: a stanza composed of glyconics

w and a pherecratic

.I

I

1

— J_

Found

W

1

—

^ —^ w 1

1

I

^

A

where the stanza consists of three glyconic lines and selection 7, where there are four glyconics followed by

in selection 4,

a pherecratic, and in a pherecratic.

C. 1.

Iambic Strophe:

Found 2.

in selection

Elegiac Stanza

Found 3.

1.

— see

§ 5.

in selections 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12.

Hendecasyllabic

Found 4.

The Meters of Martial

— see

(4) in

“Meters of

Catullus.’’

in selections 3, 4, 5, 7.

Choliambic

Found

— see

(3) in

“Meters of

Catullus.’’

in selection 11.

TERMS OF PROSODY 1.

Arsis: the unaccented part of a

Caesura: the ending of a word

within a metrical foot. 3.

Dactyl:

a

the lengthening of a

two short

by

syllables.

Diaeresis:

the coincidence of

the end of a foot with the end of a

word.

of a foot.

vowel or diphthong (or and its preceding vowel) with

the

final

final

m

the

in

Elision: the slurring together of

first

syllable

of the following

word beginning with a vowel or an 7.

Hexameter:

metrical feet.

412

names or

final syllables, in the thesis 6.

metrical foot con-

sisting of a long syllable followed

4.

Diastole:

short syllable, in proper

foot. 2.

5.

a

verse

of

h.

six

8.

Hiatus:

the

meeting of two

ble of a dactylic hexameter, either

vowels without elision or contraction: 9.

Same Ictus:

long or short.

hie.

13.

two

the stress of voice given

to syllables at regular intervals. 10. Semihiatus:

the giving of half

ble) to a

long

final

one

Spondee: a metrical foot consisting of two long syllables.

1.

same

long syllable

I.

332 or

the

II.

745.

slurring

to-

dehinc, deinde. the shortening of a 774).

(II.

the accented part of a

16. Thesis:

the last sylla-

foot.

FIGURES OF SPEECH

Alliteration, a succession of

two or more words with

repetition of the

(usually initial) sound.

magno \/2.

syllable:

15. Systole:

11.

n/

between

gether of two distinct vowels to form

thong: insulae lonio.

II.

See

14. Synizesis:

vowel or diph-

12. Syllaba anceps:

elision

Such verses are known

verses.

as hypermetric.

value (the value of a short sylla-

its

Synapheia:

misceri

murmure pontum,

I.

124.

Anaphora, the repetition of the same word or word order

at the

beginning

of successive clauses or phrases.

Hic Dolopum manus, classibus 3.

/iic

locus;

/lic

/tic

saevus tendebat Achilles;

acie certare solebant,

—

!

sed motos praestat componere fluctus,

aliter

puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum,

Asyndeton, the omission of the conjunctions

Navem

in

I.

135.

I.

399.

in a closely related series.

conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos

prospicit errantes, s/1.

348.

Assonance, the close recurrence of similar sounds.

baud

y 6.

I.

effect.

Aposiopesis, the abrupt and deliberate pause in a sentence.

Quos ego n/ 5.

29-30.

Anastrophe, the inversion of the usual order of words for rhetorical

giws inter medius venit furor, 4.

II.

I.

184-185.

Chiasmus, the arrangement of pairs of words

in

Ilionea petit dextra laevaque Serestum^

\/8. Ellipsis, the omission of

opposite order. I.

611.

one or more words that are understood but

must be supplied to make a construction grammatically complete. haec secum

(dicit)y

I.

37.

413

/

9.

Euphemism, the use of a mild or agreeable expression

in place of

an

unpleasant one, such as “passed away” for “died.” seu vivere credant

she extrema pati nec iam exaudire vocatos,

I.

218-219.

Hendiadys, the use of two nouns connected by a conjunction in the sense of a noun modified by an adjective or a genitive. \/10.

molem

et

montes,

huge mountains,

i.e.,

I.

61.

^11. Hyperbole, rhetorical exaggeration. terram inter fluctus aperit,

yy

I.

107.

12. Hysteron-proteron, the reversal of the natural order of ideas.

moriamur

y 13.

Litotes, a

et in

media arma ruamus,

II.

353.

double negative, or the affirming of something by denying

its

opposite.

operum baud ignara Minervae, V.

284.

y 14.

Metaphor, the use of a word or phrase denoting one kind of object or idea in place of another, to suggest a likeness or analogy between them, as “the ship churns the sea.” remigio alarum,

y 15.

Metonymy,

the use of

on^ word

I.

301.

in place

implentur veteris Bacchi,

(Bacchus, the god of wine, used to

y 16.

of another which 1.

mean wine

montis,

suggests.

215. itself.)

Onomatopoeia, the use of a word whose sound suggests

magno cum murmure

it

I.

its

meaning.

55.

yi7. Oxymoron (paradox), the combination of apparently contradictory words in a single expression. via dividit invia terris. III. 383.

y 18.

Personification, the treatment of inanimate things as

human

attributes.

Vos, aeterni ignes

yi9. Polysyndeton,

.

.

.

testor, II. 154-155.

the use of unnecessary conjunctions.

Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque,

414

I.

85.

if

endowed with

v/^O. Prolepsis, the use of a word before the action makes

it

logically appropri-

ate.

furentem incendat,

I.

659-660.

yil. Simile, an expressed comparison introduced by a word such as

similis,

qualis, or velut.

Ac

yYii.

magno

.

I.

.

148.

Synchysis, interlocked order {a,b,a,b).

saevae 23.

veluti

memorem

Syncope, the loss of

lunonis ob iram,

letters within

a

word

I.

4.

— pararim

for paraverim,

repostus for repositus. 24. Synecdoche, the use of the part for the whole, as carinis for navibus.

v^25. Tmesis, the separation of two parts of a

circum dea fudit,

v^6. Zeugma, a condensed expression made to stand, for two or more ideas. inclusos utero

in

Danaos

412.

which one word, usually a verb,

et

laxat claustra Sinon,

III.

I.

compound word.

is

pinea furtim

II.

258-259.

GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS COMMON

IN

LATIN POETRY Following are the chief differences between the grammatical constructions used by Vergil and other poets and those period.

The

list

is

not exhaustive;

it

common

in

prose writing of the

represents merely the constructions

frequently used.

CASES OF NOUNS Nominative 1.

As

subject of an historical infinitive:

Mine Ulixes 2.

terrere.

From

here Ulysses spread terror,

II.

97.

In exclamations:

en dextra fidesque, behold his pledge and loyalty, IV. 597. Genitive 3.

Limiting (prose would use a nominative in apposition) a.

—

in general expressions:

venerabile

donum

fatalis virgae, the

revered gift of the fatal branch,

VI. 408-409.

415

b.

with geographical names:

urbem Patavi, 4.

With a.

adjectives

the city

of Patavium,

247.

I.

objective:

servantissimus aequi, very observant of justice, b.

—

participles having the force of adjectives

and

427.

II.

specification with adjectives expressing knowledge, skill, mastery,

and

the opposite:

nimborum storms, c.

.

.

.

tempestatum potentem, powerful over clouds and

80.

I.

specification with adjectives expressing plenty or want: fessi

5.

With neuter

trials, I.

178.

adjectives or participles used substantively:

strata viarum, the 6.

rerum, weary of their

paved streets

the

(lit.

pavements of the

streets),

I.

422.

With verbs of plenty and want: implentur veteris Bacchi, they fill themselves with old wine,

I. 2*15.

Dative 7.

Agent, with passive voice: vetor fatis, /

8.

am prevented by

I.

39.

Place to which, limit of motion (where prose would use a preposition): inferret deos Latio, he

9.

the fates,

would bring the gods

to

Latium,

I.

6.

Purpose: optare locum tecto, to choose a place for a dwelling,

I.

425.

Association with verbs meaning agree with, mix, unite, compare, resemble, struggle with, fight with, and the like. In prose a preposition would be found. 10.

furit aestus harenis, the flood

11.

rages with the sands,

With compound verbs and compound scopulo

infixit,

12. Ethical, to express a certain interest felt

the city a

mound,

416

II.

713.

is

for

107.

adjectives:

she pierced him on a rock,

Est urbe egressis tumulus, There

I.

I.

45.

by the person mentioned:

men who have gone forth from

.

Accusative

denote the part affected by the adjective:

13. Specification, to

nuda genu, with bare knee 14.

With verbs properly

I.

320.

intransitive (sometimes called cognate accusative):

navigat aequor, 15. Limit of

bare as to the knee),

(lit.

.

.

sails the sea,

I.

67.

motion without a preposition: Italiam

.

.

.

venit,

.

.

.

came

to Italy,

I.

2.

16. Adverbial:

multum 17. In

exclamations as subject of an

Mene 18.

incepto desistere,

With the middle voice inutile

much

iactatus,

bujfeted,

I. 3.

infinitive:

Am

I to forego

my purpose,

I.

37.

(see Verbs):

ferrum cingitur, he puts on the useless armor,

II.

510.

19. In exclamations:

infandum,

O

horror,

I.

251.

Ablative 20. In place constructions without the preposition:

detrudunt naves scopulo, they push the ships away from the rock,

aequore toto, over the whole sea, vasto antro, in a vast cave,

I.

I.

I.

145.

29.

52.

VERBS Tenses 21. Narrative present,

where English would use the

perfect.

See

22. Perfect of instantaneous action:

Incubuere mari, They sweep down on the sea,

I.

84.

Imperative 23. Prohibitions (negative imperative) in the second person with ne:

equo ne

credite, don’t put

your

trust in the horse, II. 48.

417

1.

83-94.

.

Infinitive

24

.

Historical:

Ulixes

.

.

.

terrere

spread terror

25 .

To

.

.

.

.

spargere

scattered

.

.

.

.

.

.

quaerere, Ulysses

sought,

II.

97-99.

.

.

.

populare

.

.

.

venimus, we have not come to devastate,

I.

527.

In exclamations:

Mene 27

.

.

express purpose:

non nos 26

.

.

.

.

occumbere

.

With

.

.

.

non

potuisse,

Why

could

I

not have fallen,

1.

91-9

adjectives:

certa mori, resolved to die, IV. 564.

Participles

28

.

The

perfect passive participle

is

frequently used as a noun: Aeneid

IV. 217, rapto, the prize. Raptus

is

the perfect passive participle of

rapio.

29

.

The

future active participle

may be

used, even without esse, to denote

purpose or destined or intended action: moriture, destined to

die.

The Supine 30.

The supine little

is

not limited to poetry, but the students will have had very

experience in

its

use before they reach Ovid or Vergil.

It

may

be

formed from the fourth principal part of the verb and as belonging to the fourth declension. It has only two cases: the accusative and the ablative. The accusative is used with verbs of motion to express purpose: Varus me visum (suos amores) duxerat, Varus has led

remembered

me

as

to see his love.

The

ablative of the supine

is

used after adjectives to

denote specification: mirabile dictu! remarkable to say!

418

IV.

PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES

Pronunciation of each vowel sound the sound of the vowel in the key

The

in respelled

word

names approximates

in the following list:

a as in fate

e as in

me

0 as in note

a as in far

e as in

met

0 as in not

a as in

i

as in pine

u as

in truce

a as in fat

i

as in pin

u as

in us

rule for the accent in

names

all

If the penult is long,

antepenult

is

it is

accented;

the

is if,

same

as for

all

Latin words:

however, the penult

is

short, the

accented.

Agamemnonius, of Agamemnon, ag-

A

a-mem'non

Abaris, a'ba-ris

Aganippe, a-ga-nip'e

Abas, a'bas

Agathyrsi, a-ga-ther'si

Acamas, a'ca-mas

Agenor, a-jen'or

Acarnan, Acarnian, a-kar'ni-an

Agrippa, a-grip'pa

Acesta, a-ses'ta

Agyllinus, of Agylla, a-jil'a

Acestes, a-ses'tez

Albula, al'bu-la

Achaemenides, a-ka-men'i-dez

Alcander, al-can'der

Achaicus, Achaean, a-ke'an

Alcanor, al-can'or

Achates, a-ka'tez

Alcides, descendant of Alceus, al'si-us

Acheron, ak'er-on

Aletes, a-let'ez

Achilles, a-kil'ez

Algidus, al'gi-dus

Acidalia, a-si-da'lya

Allecto, a-lec'to

Acragas, ak'ra-gas Actius, of Actium, ak'ti-um

Aloidae, sons of Aloeus, a-loy'us Alpheus, al-fe'us

Actor, ac'tor

Amata, a-mat'a

Adamastus, ad-a-mas'tus

Amphitryoniades, descendant of

Adrastus, ad-ras'tus

Am-

phitryon, am-fit'ri-on

Aeacidas, son of Aeacus, e'a-kus Aeaeus, of Aeaea, e-e'a

Amphrysius, Amphrysian, am-fri'si-an

Aegaeus, Aegean, e-je'an

Anchises, ang-kl'sez

Aeneas, e-ne'as

Androgeos, an-dr5'ji-os

Aeolia, e-o'lya Aeolius, Aeolian, e-o'lyan

Andromache, an-dro'ma-ke Andromeda, an-dro'me-da

Aeolus, e'o-lus

Antandros, an-tan'dros

Aethiops, Ethiopian, e-thi-5'pi-an

Antenor, an-te'nor

Aetna, et'na

Anthcus, an'thus

Aetnaeus, Etnian, et'ni-an

Antiphates, an-ti'fa-tez

Afer, a'fer

Antdnius, an-to'nyus

Africus, af'ri-cus

Anubis, a-nu'bis

Amycus, a'mi-kus

419

Aonius, Aonian, a-o'ni-an

Beroe, be-ro'e

Aornos, a-or'nos

Bessi, bes'i

Aquiculus, a-kwi'cu-lus

Bithyni, the Bithynians, bi-thin'yans

Araxes, a-rak'ses

Bitias, bi'shas

Arcadia, ar-ca'di-a

Bola, bo'la

Arcens, ar'kens

Boreas, bo'ri-as

Arcitenens, ar-kit'en-ens

Briareus, bri-a'ri-us

Arctos, ark'tos

Brontes, bron'tez

Arcturus, ark-tu'rus

Butes, bu'tez

Ardea, ar'de-a

Buthrotum, bu-thro'tum

Arethusa, a-re-thu'sa

Byrsa, bir'sa

Argiletum, ar-ji-le'tum Argivus, Argive, ar'jiv

C

Argos, ar'gos Arisba, a-ris'ba

Cacus, ka'kus

Arpi, ar'pl

Caecubus, Caecuban, se-kyu'ban

Ascanius, as-ka'nyus

Caedicus, se'di-kus

Asilas, a-si'las

Caeneus, se'nyus

Assaracus, a-sa'ra-kus

Caere, ke're

Astyanax, as-ti'a-nax

Caicus, ka-i'kus

Athesis, a'the-sis

Caicta, ka-ye'ta

Atrides, son of Atreus, a'trus

Calchas, kal'kas

Aulis, a'lis

Calliope, kal-i'op-e

Auruncus, a-run'kus

Camilla, ka-mil'a

Ausonia, a-so'nya

Camillus, ka-mil'us

Auster, a'ster

Canicula, ka-ni'ku-la

Automedon, a-to'me-don

Capys, ka'pis

Aventinus, the Aventine, av'en-tin

Cares, ka'rez

Avernus, a-ver'nus

Carinae, ka-ri'ne

Carmentis, kar-men'tis Carpathius, Carpathian, kar-pa'thyan

B

Caspius, kas'pi-us

Cassandra, ka-san'dra Baccha, a Bacchante, ba-kan'te

C^ilina, Catiline, ka'ti-lln

Bacchus,-ba'kus

Cato, ka'to

Bactra, bac'tra

Catullus, ka-tuTus

Baiae, ba'ya

Bandusia, ban-du'sha

Cecropides, descendant of Cecrops, se'krops

Barcaei, bar-se'i

Celaeno, se-le'no

Barce, bar'se

Ceraunia, se-ron'ya

Bebrycius, beb-ri'shus

Cerberus, ser'ber-us

Belldna, bel-Io'na

Ceres, se'rez

Belus, be'lus

Chalcidicus, of Chalcis, kal'sis

Berccyntius,

Bcrccyntian,

shan

be-re-sin'-

Chalybes, kal'i-bez

Chaon, ka'on

420

D

Chaonia, ka-o'nya

Chaos, ka'os

Daedalus, ded'a-lus

Charon, ka'ron

Dahae, da'he

Charybdis, ka-rib'dis

Danaus, da'nas

Chimaera, ki-me'ra

Dardania, dar-da'nia

Circe, sir'se

Dardanus, dar'da-nus

Cisseus, sis'yus

Dares, da'rez

Cithaeron, si-the'ron

Daunias, da'ni-as

Claros, kla'ros

Daumis, da'nus

Cloanthus, klo-an'thus

Decius, de'shus

Cloelia, kle'lya

Deiopea, de-i-o-pe'a

Clonius, klo'nyus

Deiphobe, de-i'fo-be

Cluentius, klu-en'shyus

Deiphobus, de-i'fo-bus

Clytius, kli'ti-us

Delos, de'los

Codes, kok'lez

Delphicus, Delphic, del'fik

Cocytus, ko-si'tus

Demoleos, de-mo'le-os

Coeus, se'us

Dictaeus, of Dicte, dik'te

Collatinus, of Collatia, ko-la'sha

Did5, di'do

Cora, ko'ra

Didymadn, di-di'ma-on

Corinna, ko-ri'na

Diespiter, di-es'pi-ter

Corinthus, Corinth, kor'inth

Dindyma, din'di-ma

Coroebus, ko-re'bus

Diomedes, dl-o-me'dez

Corns, ko'rus

Dibnaeus, of Dione, di-o'ne

Corybantius, of the Corybantes, ko-

Diores, di-o'rez

ri-ban'tez

Dloxippus, di-ok-sip'us

Corynaeus, ko-ri-ne'us

Dirae, di're

Corythus, ko'ri-thus

Dis, dis

Cossus, ko'sus

Dodbnaeus, do-do-ne'us

Cragus, kra'gus

Dolopes, do'lo-pez

Crdheus, kre'thus

Donusa, do-nu'sa

CreGsa, kre-u'sa

Doricus, Doric, do'rik

Cumae, kyu'me Cumaeus, Cumaean, kyu-me'an

Doryclus, do'ri-klus

Cupido, Cupid, kyu'pid

Drances, dran'sez

Cures, kyu'rez

Drusus, dru'sus

Cybele, sib'el-e

Dryopes, dri'o-pez

Cybelus, sib'el-us

Dulichium, du-lik'yum

Cyclades, sik'la-dez

Dymas, di'mas

Cyclops, sT'klops;

Dots, do'to

pi. si-klo'pez

E

Cyllene, si-le'ne

Cymodoce, sl-mo'do-se Cymothoe, si-mo'the

Electra, e-lek'tra

Cynthus, sin'thus

Elissa, e-li'sa

Cyprus, sl'prus

Elysium, e-li'shum

Cythera, sith-e'ra

Emathibn, e-math'yon

Elis, e'lis

421

Enceladus, en-se'la-dus

Geryones, ger-i'on-ez

Entellus, en-tel'us

Getae, je'te

Eous, e-o'us

Epeos, e-pe'os

Gorgo, a Gorgon, gor'gon Gracchus, gra'kus

Epirus, e-pi'rus

Gradivus, gra-di'vus

Epytus, e'pi-tus Erato, e'ra-to

Gryneus, of Grynium, gri'ni-um Gyaros, ji'a-ros

Erebus, e're-bus

Gyas,

Eridanus, e-ri'da-nus

Gyges,

ji'as ji'jez

Erinys, e-ri'nis Eriphyle,

H

e-ri-fi'le

Erulus, e'ru-lus

Haemon, he'mon

Erymanthus, e-ri-man'thus

Halius, ha'lyus

Eryx,

Halys, ha'lis

e'rix

Etruria, e-tru'ri-a

Hammon, ha'mon

Euboicus, of Euboea, yu-be'a Eumelus, yu-me'lus

Harpalyce, har-pa'li-se

Eumenides, yti-men'i-dez

Hecate, he'ka-te

Euphrates, yu-fra'tez

Hecuba, hec'yu-ba

Eur5pa, yu-ro'pa

Helenor, he-le'nor

Eurdtas, yu-ro'tas

Helenas, hel'e-nus

Eurus, yu'rus

Helicon, hel'i-con

Euryalus, yu-ri'a-lus

Helorus, hel-or'us

Eurypylus, yu-ri'pi-lus

Helymus, hel'i-mus

Eurystheus, yu-ris'thus

Herbesus, her-be'sus

Eurytion, yu-ri'ti-on

Hermione, her-mFo-ne

Evadne, e-vad'ne

Hesione, he-sT'o-ne

Evander, e-van'der

Hesperia, hes-per'i-a

Hebrus, he'brus

Hiberus, Iberian, i-ber'i-an

F

Hippocoon, hi-pok'o-on

Fabricius, fa-bri'shus

Hippolytus, hi-pol'it-us

Faunus, fa'nus

Hister, his'ter

Feronia, fe-ro'nya

Horatius, ho-ra'shus;

Fidena, fi-de'na

ace, hor'is

Fuscus, fus'kus

G

Hyades, hi'a-dez Hydaspes, hi-das'pez Hydra, hi'dra

Gabii, ga'bi-I

Hylaeus, hi-le'us

Gabinus, ga-bi'nus

Hymen, hl'men

Galaesus, ga-le'sus

Hypanis, hip'an-is

Galatea, ga-la-te'a

Hyrtacus, her'ta-kus

Ganymedes, Ganymede, gan'i-med Garamantes, ga-ra-man'tez

I

Gela, je'la

laera, i-er'a

Geloni, je-lo'ni

laniculum, ja-nik'Q-lum

422

the poet

Hor-

lanus, ja'nus

Latinus, la-ti'nus

lapyx, i-ap'ix

Latium, la'shum

lasius, i-as'yus

Latdna, la-td'na

Icarus, ic'a-rus

Laurentum, la-ren'tum

Ida, i'da

Lausus, la'sus

Idalia, i-da'lya

Lavinia, la-vi'nya!

Idas, i'das

Lavinium, la-vi'nyum

Idomeneus, I-do-me'ne-us

Leander, le-an'der

Ilia, i'lya

Leda, le'da

Ilione, i-li'o-ne

Leleges, lel'e-gez

Ilioneus, il-ron-yus

Lemnius, of Lemnos, lem'nos

Ilium, i'li-um Ilus, i'lus

Lethaeus, of Lethe, le'the Leucaspis, lyu-kas'pis

Inachus, i'na-kus

Leucata, lyu-ka'ta

Inarime, i-na'ri-me

Liber, li'ber

Indus, of Ino, i'no

Libitina, li-bi-ti'na

16, i'o

Liburni, li-bur'ni

lonius, Ionian, i-on'i-an

Libya,

I5pas, i-o'pas

Licinius, li-sin'yus

Iphitus, i'phi-tus

Licymnia, li-sim'nya

Itys, i'tis

Liger,

luba, ju'ba

Lilybeius, of Lilybaeum, li-li-be'um

lulus, i-yu'lus

Lipare, lip'ar-e

lunia, ju'ni-a

Locri, the people of Locris, lok'ris

luno, ju'no

Lucetius, lu-set'i-us

luppiter (lovis), ju'pi-ter (jov)

Lucifer, lu'si-fer

Ixidn, ik-si'on

Lucina, lu-si'na

li'bi-a

li'jer

Lupercal, lu-per'kal

K

Lupercus, lu-per'kus

Lyaeus,

Karthagd, Carthage, kar'thij

li-e'us

Lycaon, li-ka'on

L Lacedaemonius, of Lacedaemon, e-de'mon

Lycia, li'sha las-

Lyctius, of Lyctus, lik'tus

Lycurgus, li-sur'gus

Lacinius, of Lacinium, la-sin'yum

Lycus, li'kus

Laertius, of Laertes, la-er'tez

Lydius, of Lydia, li'di-a Lynceus, lin'se-us

Lalage, la'la-je

Lamus, la'mus Lamyrus, la'mi-rus Laocodn, la-ok'o-on

Laodamia, la-o-da-mi'a Laomedonteus, of Laomedon, la-om'e-don

M Machaon, ma-ka'on Maeander, me-an'der Maeonia, me-o'nya Maeotius, Maeotian, me-6'shun

Lapithae, lap'i-the

Maia, ma'ya

Larissaeus, of Larissa, la-ri'sa

Mallius, mal'yus

423

Marcellus, mar-serus

Marpesius, of Marpesus, mar-pe'sus Massyli, mas-si'll

Noricus, of Noricum, nor'i-cum Notus, no'tus

Numanus, nu-man'us

Medon, me'don

Numicius, nyu-mi'shus

Megarus, of Megara, me'ga-ra Meliboeus, of Meliboea, me-li-be'a

Numitor, nu'mi-tor Nysa, nl'sa

Melite, me'li-te

O

Melpomene, mel-po'me-ne

Memnon, mem'non

Oceanus, o-se'an-us

Menelaus, me-ne-la'us

Oechalia, e-ka'li-a

Menoetes, me-ne'tez

Oenotrius, Oenotrian, e-no'tri-an

Merops, me'rops Messapus, me-sa'pus

Oileus, o-i'le-us

Mettus, me'tus

Opheltes, o-fel'tez

Mezentius, me-zent'shus

Oreas, an Oread, 5 're-ad

Midas, ml'das

Orestes, 5-res'tez

Minoius, of Minos, ml'nos Minotaurus, of the Minotaur, min'o-

Orion, o-ri'on

Olearos, o-le'ar-os

Orontes, o-ron'tez

Orpheus, or'fy-us

tor

Misenus, mi-se'nus

Ortygia,

Mnestheus, nes'thus

Othryades, son of Othrys, oth'ris

or-ti'ji-a

Monoecus, mo-ne'kus

P

Morini, mo'ri-nl

Mulciber, mul'si-ber Miisaeus, myu-se'us

Mycenae, mi-se'ne Myconos, mik'on-os Mygdonides, son of Mygdon, mig'don Myrmidones, the Myrmidons, mer'mi-donz

Pachynum, pa-ki'num Palaemdn, pa-le'mon Palamedes, pa-la-me'dez Palatinus, the Palatine, pa'la-tln Palicus, pa-li'kus

Palinurus, pa-li-nu'rus

Palladium, pa-la'di-um Pallanteum, pa-lan'te-um

N

Pallas, pa'las

Narycius, of Naryx, na'rix Naso, na'so

Panopea, pa-no-pe'a

Nautes, na'tez

Pantagias, pan-ta'ji-as

Nemea, ne'me-a

Panthus, pan'thus

Neoptolemus, ne-op-tol'e-mus

Paphos, pa'fos

Nereis, a Nereid, ne're-id

Parcae, par'se

Nereus, Ne're-us

Parrhasius, of Parrhasia, pa-ra'sha

Neritos, ne'ri-tos

Parthenopaeus, par-then-o-pe'us

Nicaea, ni-se'a

Parthi, the Parthians, par'thi-ans

Nisaee nl-se'e

Pasiphae, pa-sif'a-e

Nisus, ni'sus

Patavium, pa-ta'vi-um

Noemon, no-e'm5n Nomentum, no-men'tum

Patron, pat'ron

424

Pandarus, pan'da-rus

Pelasgi, the Pelasgians, pe-las'ji-ans

Pelias, pe'li-as

Propertius, pro-per'shus

Pelides, son of Peleus, pel'e-us

Proserpina, pro-ser'pi-na

Pelopeus, of Pelops, pe'lops Peldrus, pe-lo'rus

Punicus, Punic, pyu'nik

Penelope, pe-nd'o-pe

Pyrgo, pir'go

Penthesilea, pen-the-si-le'a

Pyrrhus, pi'rus

Pentheus, pen'the-us

Pythius, of Pytho, pi'tho

Pygmalion, pig-ma'lyon

Pergamum, per'ga-mum

Q

Periphas, per'i-fas Persae, the Parthians, par'thi-ans

Quercens, kwer'sens

Petelia, pe-te'li-a

Quintilius, kwin-til'yus

Phaeaces, the Phaeacians, fe-a'shans

Quirinus, kwe-ri'nus

Phaedra, fe'dra

R

Phaethon, fa'e-thon

Pheneus, fe'ne-us

Rhadamanthus, rad-a-man'thus Rhaebus, re'bus Rhamnes, ram'nez

Philoctetes, filok-te'tez

Rhesus, re'sus

Phineius, of Phineus, fin'e-yus Phlegethon, fle'je-thon

Rhipeus, rip'yus

Phaleris, fal'er-is

Phegeus, fe'je-us

Phlegyas,

Rhoeteus, of Rhoeteurn, re'te-um Rhoetus, re'tus

fle'ji-as

Phoebus, fe'bus

Rutuli, rut'u-li

Phoenissa, a Phoenician, fe-ni'shan

S

Phoenix, fe'nix Pholoe, fo'lo-e

Sabaeus, Sabaean, sa-be'an

Phorbas, for'bas

Sabini, of the Sabines, sa'binz

Phryges, the Phrygians, fri'jyanz

Sagaris, sag'ar-is

Phthia, thl'a

Salamis, sal'a-mis

Pinarius, pi-na'ri-us

Salii, sal'i-i

Pirithous, pi-ri'tho-us

Salius, sal'i-us

Piemyrium, ple-mi'ri-um

Sallentinus, Salient ine, sal'en-tin

Poeni, the Phoenicians, fe-ni'shans

.

Salmdneus, sal-mo'nyus

Polyboetes, po-li-be'tez

Same, sa'me Samos, sa'mos

Polydorus, po-li-do'rus

Sarmaticus, Sarniatian, sar-ma'shan

Polyphemus, po-li-fe'mus

Sarpedon, sar-pe'don

Pometia, po-me'sha

Saturnus, Saturn, sa'turn

Porsenna, por-se'na

Satyrus, Satyr, sa'tir

Potitius, po-trti-us

Sauromatae, sa-ro'ma-ti

Praeneste, pre-nes'te

Scaea, Scaean, ske'an

Priamus, Priam, pri'am

Scipiades, of Scipio, si'pi-o

Privernus, pri-ver'nus

Scylaceum, si-la-ke'um

Prochyta, pro'ki-ta

Scylla,

Prometheus, pro-me'thus

Scyrius, of Scyros, si'ros

Promolus, pro'mo-lus

Selinus, se-li'nus

Polites, po-li'tez

si la

425

Sergius, Sergian, ser'ji-an

Thybris, thi'bris

Serranus, se-ra'nus

Thyestes, thi-es'tez

Sidon, sl'don

Thyias, thi'as

Sigeus, Sigean, si-je'an Silenus, si-le'nus

Thymbraeus, of Thymbra, thim'bra Thymoetes, thi-me'tez

Silvanus, sil-va'nus

Tiberis, the Tiber, ti'ber

Simois, si'mo-is

Tibullus, ti-bul'us

Sindn, si'non

Tibur, ti-ber

Sirenes, the Sirens, si'renz

Timavus, ti-ma'vus

Sirius, si'ri-us

Timolus, ti-mo'lus

Sirmio, Sermione, ser-mi'on-e

Tirynthius, ofTiryns, ti'renz

Soracte, so-rak'te

Tisiphone, ti-si'fo-ne

spio, spi'o

Titan, ti'tan

Steropes, ste-ro'pez

Tlthonus, ti-tho'nus

Sthenelus, sthe'ne-lus

Tityos, ti'ti-os

Strophades, stro'fa-dez Styx, stix

Tmarius, of Tmaros, tma'ros Tomitae, of Tonii, to'ml

Sychaeus, si-ke'us

Torquatus, tor-kwa'tus

Symaethius, Symaethian, si-me'thyan

Triones, tri-on'ez Triton, tri'ton

T

Tritonia, tri-to'ni-a

Taburnus, ta-bur'nus

Tydeus, tl'dus

Taenarus, te'na-rus

Tyndaris, daughter of Tyndarus, dar-us

Tarcho, tar'ko Tarpeius, Tarpeian, tar-pe'yan

Typhoius, of Typhoeus, ti-fo'yus

Tarquinius, tar-kwin'yus

Tyrrheni, ti-re'ni

Tartarus, tar'ta-rus

Tyrrheus, ti're-us

Tatius, ta'shus

Tyrus, Tyre,

tin'-

tir

Tegeaeus, of Tegea, te'jya Telemachus, te-lem'a-kus

U

Tempe, tem'pe

Ucalegon, yu-ka'le-gon

Tenedos, ten'e-dos

Ulixes, Ulysses, yu-li'sez

Teucer, tu'ser

Urania, yu-ra'ni-a

Thaliarchus, tha-li-ar'kus

V

Thaumantias, a daughter of Thaumas, tha'mas

Velinus,

Thebae, of Thebes, thebs Themillas, the-mil'as

Venafranus, of Venafruni, ve-na'frum Volcens, vol'kens

Thersilochus, ther-si'lo-kus

Volscus, of the Volsci, vol'skl

of

Velia, vel'ya

Theseus, the'sus Thespiae, thes'pi-e

Thessandrus, the-san'drus Thoas, tho'as Thracius or Thrax, Thracian, thra'-

shan

426

X Xanthus, zan'thus

Z Zacynthos, za-sin'thus Zephyrus, zef'i-rus

Latin-!English Vocabulary

A

Latin-Elnglish Vocabulary In this vocabulary, adverbs

when

given

The

formed regularly from adjectives are not

the adjective appears in the

list.

perfect participle of verbs, except deponents,

is

given in the

supine form. Definitions which are direct or indirect derivatives from the Latin

word

— including

from the root combined with various prepositional prefixes are printed in small capitals. Words which appear on various lists, such as the latest available lists published by the College Entrance Examination Board and the New York State Board of Regents, are marked in the vocabulary by the symbol •, •••, ••••, to indicate first-year words, second-year words, derivatives

—

third-year words, and fourth-year words, respectively.

ABBREVIATIONS = = =

abl.

abbr. acc.

ablative

fig.

fyurative

person.

abbreviation

foil.

following

pi.

accusative

fut.

future

poss.

yenitive

prec.

impersonal

prep.

indeclinable

pres.

interrogative

pron.

interjection

rel.

adjective

adj.

=

adv.

adverb born

b. c.

cap.

compar. conj. dat. def.

esp.

= common = capitalized = comparative = conjunction = dative = defective = especially feminine

f.

= gen. impers. = = indecl. interrog. = = interj. intrans. = = loc. = m. = n. = part. = pass.

a, ab, abs, prep,

place,

from,

with abl.:

direction, at,

on;

from,

away

of time, since,

of agency, hy Abaris, -is, m., a Rutulian after;

of

personified

plural possessive

preceded preposition

present

pronoun relative.

intransitive

related

locative

semidep.

masculine

sing.

neuter

superl.

participle

trans.

= = = =

voc.

r=

passive

A •

= = = = = = = =

•

semideponent singular superlative transitive

vocative

Abas, -antis, m., a Trojan; a king of Argos •abdo, -ere, -didi, -ditum, [do], put away, remove, hide; bury abduco, -ere, -duxi, -ductum, lead away, take away, draw hack

429

•

•abco,

-ire,

or

-ivi

-itum,

-ii,

absumd, -ere, -sumpsi, -sumptum, take away; destroy, consume

go

away, depart abies, -etis,

f.,

fir tree, fir

ac, see atque

wood;

Acamas,

ship

acanthus,

abigo, -ere, -egi, -actum, [ago],

NIAN

abiur5, -are, -avi, -atum (“swear

deny on oath -ere,

away or

off,

abnego, -are,

•

-lutum,

-lui,

wash

cleanse, purify •

refuse

abnu5, -ere, -nui, -nuitum or -nutum, refuse (by shaking the head), decline, reject; forbid

ing near, approach

accidd, -ere, -cidi, -cisum, [ad

+

abripid, -ere, -ripui, -reptum [ra-

break

n.,

-rupi,

off, tear,

broken

-cinxi,

-um,

-a, off;

rend;

steep;

accid, -ire,

violate

[abrumpd], as a noun,

call, •

abscessus, -us, m., [abscedo], ing away, departure

-cinctum,

make ready,

-ivi,

-itum, [ad+cied],

summon

accipid, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, [ad

+

abyss

consume

equip; have recourse to

-ruptum,

abs, see a

capid],

take,

receive,

ac-

cept; perceive, hear, learn accitus, -us, m., [accid], summons, call

on or against

abscindd, -ere, -scidi, -scissum,

acclinis, -e, leaning

tear off or away, tear abscondo, -ere, -di or -didi, -di-

accold, -ere, -colui, -cultum, [ad],

tum, put out of hide;

lose sight

sight, conceal,

of

absens, -entis, [absum], absent absistd, -ere,

-stiti,

—

,

withdraw

from, depart; cease, desist, stop abstined, -ere, -tinui, -tentum, [tened],

keep hack or away,

hold hack; refrain, abstain abstrahd, -ere, -traxi, -tractum, drag away, carry away

-usum, thrust away, hide, conceal

abstrudd, -ere, -usi, •

-ere,

[ad], gird on, gird; -ere,

abruptus,

caedo], cut into;

accingd,

away, carry away,

drag off

abrumpo,

haste

fiame, arouse, excite accessus, -us, m., [accedd], com-

renwve

pid], snatch

make

•••accendd, -ere, -cendi, -censum, in[ad], kindle, set on fire;

aboleo, -ere, -evi, -itum, destroy, efface,

accedd, -ere, -cessi, -cessum, come to, come near, approach accelerd, -are, -avi, -atum, [ad], hasten,

-atum, deny,

-avi,

m., the plant bear's-

Acarnan, -anis, of Acarnania; as a noun, m., an Acarna-

outlet

abluo,

-i,

foot

drive away, drive off abitus, -us, m., [abed], departure;

off”),

Greek

-antis, m., a

absum,

abesse,

[sum], he

afui,

sent, he distant;

he missing

430

afuturus,

away from, he

abhe free from,

dwell by or near

accommodd,

-atum, fit, fit on, adjust, gird on accubd, -are, def., lie near or by accumbd, -ere, -cubui, -cubitum, -are,

-avi,

recline (at table)

accumuld, -are, -avi, -atum, [ad], heap up; bestow upon, load accurrd, -ere, -curri or -cucurri, -cursum, [ad], run to, run up, hasten to •acer,

acris,

bitter,

acre,

violent,

sharp,

fierce;

keen; eager,

brave, spirited

•••acerbus, -a, -um, harsh, bitter; grievous, mournful; fierce, cruel,

savage

acernus, tree],

-um, [acer, maple of maple, maple

adamanteus, -a, -um, of iron adamas, -antis, m., adamant, the hardest iron or steel Adamastus, -f, m., the father of

-a,

acerra, -ae,

acervus,

-i,

f.,

incense box, censer

m,, mass, pile, heap

Acesta, -ae,

f.,

a

town

in

Achaemenides

north-

west Sicily

addfco, -ere, -dlxT, -dictum, give

Acestes, -ae, m., a king of Sicily

Achaemenides,

-ae, m., a

assent ; yield, surrender

Greek

•

companion of Ulysses Achaicus or Achaius,

-um, [Achaia], Achaean, Grecian Achates, -ae, m., a companion of Aeneas Acherdn, -ontis, m., a river of the lower world; the lower world Achilles, -is, -i, or -ei, m., famous Greek hero Achilleus, -a, -um, of Achilles Achivus, -a, -um, Grecian; as a noun, m. pi., Greeks Acldalia, -ae, f,, an epithet of Venus, from a fountain in Boeotia • acies, -ei, f., [rel. to acuo], sharp edge or point; sight, eve; line

•adducd, -ere, -duxf, -ductum, lead

-a,

to,

‘4-

•

adf-, see aff-

adhaereo, -ere, -haesi, -haesum, cling to, stick to,

adhibed,

-ere,

mon, •

adhere

-hibui,

[habed], hold

to,

-hibitum,

bring to; sum-

admit

invite;

••adhuc, adv., hitherto, as yet,

still

adicid, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, [iacid],

throw

add, join to

to;

drive

to,

•••adimd,

compel -emi,

-ere,

-emptum,

[emd], take away; put out

acquire,

•

•aditus, -us, m., [aded], approach, access; opportunity

Acragas, -antis, m., a city on the southwest coast of Sicily; also called Agrigentum acta, -ae, f., seashore, beach Actius, -a, -um, of Actium, a promontory and town of Epi-

•••adiungd, -ere, -iunxi, -iunctum, join, fasten;

assist,

actor, -oris, m., [ago], herdsman

f.,

[acuo], needle

acutus, -a, -um, [acuo], pointed,

sharp •ad, prep, with acc., to, toward; near, at, by; among

aid

adl-, see all-

Actor, -oris, m., a Trojan

actutum, adv., [actus], instantly, promptly •••acuo, -ere, -ui, -utum, [acus], sharpen, whet; arouse

add

adiuvd, -are, -iuvi, -iutum, help,

rus

acus, -us,

-esum, eat up

so long; indeed, even, very, just

obtain

•

tight, strain

adigd, -ere, -egi, -actum, [agd],

to rest

quaero], get,

draw

adeo, -ire, -ivi or -ii, -itum,^o to, approach; address; encounter ••adeo, adv., to that point, so far;

acquird, -ere, -quisivi, -quisltum, [ad

to;

•

acquiescd, -ere, -evi, -etum, [ad],

come

draw

adedo, -ere,

of battle; battle rest,

•addo, -ere, -didf, -ditum, [d6], add, give; impart ; join

•

••admiror, -ari, -atus sum, admire, wonder at; wonder admisced, -ere, -miscui, -mixtum, mingle, mix with; join, unite • • admittd, -ere, -misi, -missum, admit, allow to visit or enter ••admoned, -ere, -monui, -monitum, remind; warn; urge on

admoved,

MOVE

to,

-ere,

-mdvi,

-mdtum,

carry to; apply to

adn-, see ann-

adoled, -ere, -olui, -ultum, magnify, worship, offer, pay; kindle

431

A

adolesc5,

grow

-ere,

advolvd,

-ultum,

-olevi,

up; mature

adoperid,

-ire,

-perui,

adytum,

-pertum,

[ador,

addreus, -a, -urn,

terior

spelt,

adord, -are, -avi, -atum, pray

Aeaea (near

to,

adsp-, see asp-

•

•

adfui,

adfuturus,

[sum], be present, be here or at

hand; come, appear; help, assist adsumd, -ere, -sumpsi, -sumptum, take, ASSUME, receive adulterium, -i, n., adultery adultus, -a, -um, [adolescd],^A'o>v/7 up, mature, adult advehd, -ere, -vexi, -vectum, bring or carry to; pass,, ride to, sail to, arrive

adveld, -are, -avi, -atum, veil;

crown, wreathe advena, -ae, c., [advenid], stranger, foreigner, adventurer; as adj., foreign

advenid, to,

-ire, -veni,

-ventum, come

adventd, -are, -avi, -atum, [advenid], press forward, approach •adventus, -us, m., [advenid], approach, arrival adversor, -ari, -atus sum, [adversus], resist, oppose -a,

-um,

[advertd],

turned toward, fronting; ing;

opposite;

adverse,

trary, unfavorable;

m.,

faccon-

as a noun,

enemy

summon,

-avi,

invite;

-atum,

call,

employ

advold, -are, -avi, -atum, fly to; hasten to, run to

432

f.,

temple;

pi,,

•aedificd, -are, -avi, -atum, [aedes

+

facid], build, erect, construct

-um, of the Aegean • aeger, -gra, -grum, sick, unwell, feeble; wounded; diffcult, la-

Aegaeus,

-a,

bored, painful; distressed, troubled, sick at heart

aegis, -idis,

the aegis, shield of

f.,

Jupiter, also

Aegyptius, -a,

borne by Minerva -um, of Egypt,

Egyptian Aegyptus, -i, f., Egypt aemulus, -a, -um, rivaling, vying,

emulous; envious, jealous Aeneades, -ae, m., son or descendant o/", eneas; pi., followers of Aeneas; Trojans Aeneas, -ae, m., hero of the or -idis, f., the Aeneid or Story of Aeneas Aeneius, -a, -um, of Aeneas Aenides = Aeneades ••••aenus or aeneus, -a, -um, [aes], Aeneis,

-idos

of copper, of bronze, brazen; as a noun, n,, copper or bronze vessel, kettle

realm Aeolus, god of the winds

Aeolia,

-ae,

f.,

the

of

Aeolides, -ae, m., descendant of

•advertd, -ere, -verti, -versum, turn to ox toward; observe, notice

advocd, -are,

aedes or aedis, -is, house^ abode

Aeneid

arrive at, reach

•adversus,

is-

ClRCEAN

ads-, see ass-esse,

Colchis), the

land where Circe was born;

adore

adq-, see acqAdrastus, -i, m., a king of Argos

adsum,

of a tomb

Aeacidas, -ae, m., son or descendant of Aeacus, esp. Achilles Aeaeus, -a, -um, Aeaean, of

a grain], of spelt, wheaten adorior, -iri, -ortus sum, attack, undertake, attempt

•

inmost recess of a shrine, sanctuary; in-

-i, n.,

temple:

entreat, beseech;

-volutum,

roll to, roll

cover, cover over

•

-volvi,

-ere,

Aeolus Aeolius,

-a,

-um,

of Aeolus,

Aeolian Aeolus,

-i,

m.,

god of the winds

aequaevus, -a, -um, [aequus aevum], of equal age

4-

A

aequalis, -e, [aequ5], equal, even, like;

of the same age;

noun,

c.,

time of life; age, period; passing time; old age

as a

companion, fellow aequinoctialis, -e, [aequus+nox], •

EQUINOCTIAL aequ5, -are, -avi, -atum, [aequus],

make equal

or even, balance;

EQUAL, keep pace with; •

•••aeternus, -a, -um, [contr. from aeviternus],

aequor,

•••aether, -eris, acc. -era, m., the upper air, ether; sky, heaven aetherius, -a, -um, [aether], heav-

raise

enly,

surface; sea; plain;

pi.,

waves,

aequoreus, -a, -um, [aequor], of the sea •aequus, -a, -um, plain, level, flat; like;

right,

fair,

as a noun,

tious;

cano

••••aevum,

aer,

aeris,

m.,

air,

atmosphere; mist aeratus, -a, -um, [aes], of bronze or copper, bronze-covered; clad in bronze armor aereus, -a, -um, [aes], of copper or bronze aeripes, -pedis, [aes

+

pes], bra-

zen- or bronze-footed or -hoofed aerius, lofty,

aes,

-um,

-a,

aeris,

made

n.,

copper,

trumpet of bronze

aesculetum,

— any

-i, n.,

aestas, -atis,

summer

f.,

object

oak

summer,

summer

air

-a,

-um,

[aestusl,

of

be inflamed

aestudsus, -a, -um, [aestus], hot,

allatum,

bring

forward,

carry;

present; pass, or middle voice,

aflfigo,

-ere,

-fixum, [ad],

-fixi,

fasten, attach, join

-um,

[affligo, strike

cast

down;

wretched, despondent

-atum, [ad], breathe upon, inspire; bestow afflud, -ere, -fluxi, -fluxum, [ad], FLOW to; gather, assemble, -are,

aestus, -us, m., heat;

waves or

of fames, flames;

tide (of

or passion) aetas, -atis,

f.,

[contr.

aflfor, -ari,

-avi,

to,

-atus

address;

Africa, -ae, Africus, -a,

agitated

the sea), waves; tide (of feeling

•

attuli,

throng

burn, boil, seethe;

tide

bring,

afflo,

aestud, -are, -avi, -atum, [aestus],

•

-ferre,

aflfero,

down], shattered;

forest

summer

torrid;

•

afflictus, -a,

[aestus],

season;

bronze;

aestimd, -are, -avi, -atum, [aes], ESTIMATE, assess, appraise aestivus,

strive after, seize

go, come

high

shield,

•

aerial;

[aer],

time,

eternity;

period of life, age; old age ,Afer, Afra, Afrum, African; as a noun, m. or f., an African affabilis, -e, [aflfor], easily spoken to, approachable affatus, -us, m., [aflfor], speaking to, address aflfecto, -are, -avi, -atum, [aflficio],

n., fairness,

aera,

acc.

Sicilian n.,

-i,

of Etna,

-um,

-a,

Etnaean;

justice •

in Sicily

Aetnaeus,

just;

favorable, advantageous, propi-

Celestial

ETHER, sky, heaven Aetna, -ae, f., Mt. Etna, a vol-

billows, waters

EQUAL,

ETHEREAL,

Aethiops, -opis, m., an Ethiopian aethra, -ae, f., [rel. to aether],

[aequus], level

-oris, n.,

eternal;

lasting,

adv., forever, perpetually •

same height

to the

age,

tas],

from

aevi-

sum,

[ad],

speak

bid farewell to

Africa -um, African;

f.,

as a

noun, m., southwest wind Agamemnonius, -a, -um, o/’ ga-

memnon Aganippe, Boeotia

-es,

f.,

a fountain in

433

Agathyrsi, -orum, m.

pi,,

a Scyth-

• • • •

m.,

-oris,

a

•ager, agri, m,, field, land; tory

glad alatus, -a, -um, [ala], winged Alba or Alba Longa, -ae, f., the mother city of Rome Albanus, -a, -um, of Alba, Alban; as a noun, m. pi., eager,

terri-

‘agger, -eris, m., [ad+gero], heap,

mound; dam, dike; ram-

pile,

part; raised road

heap up, pile up; increase

albesco, -ere, def., [albus],

Albula, -ae,

tempt; address, accost agitator, -oris, m,. [agito], driver,

charioteer -are,

-avi,

motion;

in

-atum,

[ago],

•

Aletes,

body, band; stroke (of oars); current agna, -ae, f., ewe lamb ••agnosco, -ere, -novi, -nitum, [ad],

RECOGNIZE

Latium

in

mo-

winged alimentum,

discuss;

come

peasant

of the fields; as a noun, m.,

•agricola, -ae, m., [ager

• •

coIo],

Ajax, son of Telamon; Ajax, son of Oileus ••aid, ais, ait, aiunt, imp., aiebam, def.,

m.,

say yes, affirm, say

434

+

pes], >v/>7^-

Mer-

time; formerly; finally

-qua, -quod, indef. [alius

+

qui],

adj.

some,

•aliquis, -qua, -quid, indef. pron.,

and a famous general

-acis,

some

and pron., any

Agrippa, -ae, m., Marcus Agrippa, adviser of Augustus Agyllinus, -a, -um, of Agylla (Caere), a town in Etruria

[al6],/ooi/

‘aliquando, adv., [alius +quand5], aliqui,

farmer, husbandman

Aiax,

o/another,

as a noun, m..

footed; cury at

+

-i, n.,

alipes, -pedis, [ala

••agrestis, -e, [ager],

rustic,

alienus, -a, -um, [alius],

aliger, -gera, -gerum, [ala+gero],

on! up! away! wild;

f.,

another's; foreign, strange

spend; age, agite, come!

rustic;

m., a Trojan

seaweed; seacoast; a thing of little worth Algidus, -i, m., a mountain in

lead, drive, force, compel,

do, perform;

-is,

omen

bird;

c.,

alga, -ae,

• •

agnus, -i, m., lamb •ago, -ere, egi, actum, put pursue;

albus, -a, -um, white

noun,

hasten,

drive,

-inis, n., [ago], train,

tion;

name of

Alcander, -dri, m., a Trojan Alcanor, -oris, m., a Trojan Alcides, -ae, m., descendant of Alceus, esp. Hercules Alecto or Allecto, -us, f., one of the Furies ••••ales, -itis, [ala], winged; as a

pursue; vex, harass

•agmen,

ancient

f.,

the Tiber

to

agglomero, -are, -avi, -atum (“wind on”), [ad], attach, join •aggredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, [gradior], approach, attack; at-

set

become

white, whiten

aggero, -ere, -gessi, -gestum, [ad], bear to, convey to; heap upon,

••agito,

Albans

the

aggero, -are, -avi, -a turn, [agger],

add

mounted huntsmen

••alacer, -cris, -ere, quick, brisk;

king of Phoenicia, ancestor of Dido

•

wing; cavalry; squad-

f.,

ron, troop;

ian people

Agenor,

ala, -ae,

+

someone, anyone; something, anything [alius

•

quis],

‘aliter, adv., [alius], otherwise, dif-

ferent I y •alius,

-a,

alius pi.,

.

.

.

some

-ud,

other,

alius,

one

.

.

.

.

others

.

another; .

another;

allabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, [ad],

alvus,

glide toward; arrive at, reach allabdro, -are, -avi, -atum, [ad],

amabilis, -e, [amo], lovely, pleas-

labor

strive,

alligd,

-are,

bind to, prison alloquor,

-atum,

im-

address

to,

—

alluo, -ere, -ui,

,

•

wash,

[ad],

warriors

Amazonis, -idis, f., an Amazon Amazonius, -a, -um, Amazonian ambages, -is, f., [amb + ago], going around; winding way,

youth

-onis, m., a Latin

almus, -a, -um,

[alo], nourishing;

kind; propitious, favorable •al5, -ere, alui, altum or alitum,

windings;

feed, nourish, support; cherish;

encourage A15idae, -arum, m.

Alpes, -ium,

pi.,

f.

dark sayings ambed5, -ere, -edi, -esum, [amb + edo], eat around; eat, con-

sons of

pi.,

the

sume

Alps

ambigo,

go

Alpheus, -i, m., a river of Elis, in southern Greece Alpinus, -a, -um, [Alpes], of the Alps, Alpine

ing,

.

-terum,

alter,

the one ... the

•

do by turns; hesitate alternus, -a, -um, [alter], one after the other, by turns, in turn, altor, -oris, m., [ 2db], foster father

•

mother,

altus, -a, tall;

-um,

go f.,

[ambio], going

food of the gods ambrosius, -a, -um, of ambrosia, ambrosial; immortal, divine ••amens, -entis, [ab + mens], out of one's senses, mad, frantic,

deep;

amentum, -i, n., strap, thong by which a javelin was thrown -mictum, [amb amicid, -ire, 4 iacio], throw around; wrap

[alo], high, lofty,

as a noun, n., the

—

sea, the deep

alumnus, alveus,

eo],

or -ii, -itum around; sur-

distracted

nurse •

obscure, dark,

about to get votes; ambition •••ambo, -ae, -6, both, two ambrosia, -ae, f., ambrosia, the

ALTERNATE [aXb], foster

-ivi

ambitio, -onis,

nus],

f.,

doubt

round, encircle; win

other;

the

alternd, -are, -avi, -atum, [alter-

altrix, -icis,

-ire,

[amb 4-

other

•

uncertain;

ambid,

on high;

deeply, far

.

in

ago],

doubt;

hesitate, it is

+

ambiguous; twofold, double

alte, adv., [altus], high,

.

about;

[amb

ambiguus, -a, -um, [ambigd], ing two ways; doubtful, waver-

ALTAR, ALTAR

alter

-ere, def.,

impers. pass.,

•altaria, -ium, n. pi., [altus], high

-tera,

particulars;

details,

riddles,

Aloeus, esp. the giants Otus and Ephialtes

•alter,

[am5], fond, lov-

Amata, -ae, f., wife of Latinus Amazon, -onis, f., an Amazon, one of the tribe of female

bathe

Almo,

-antis,

painful; cruel

alludo, -ere, -lusi, -lusum, [ad],

joke, jest

body

noun, c., lover amaracus, -i, f., marjoram, a kind of mint amarus, -a, -um, bitter; sad,

sum,

-locutus

belly;

ing; as

[ad],

fasten;

to;

-loqui,

speak

[ad],

amans,

-avi,

abdomen,

ant

at

tie

-i, f.,

-i,

-i,

m., [idb], foster son m., [alvus], hollow,

cavity; bed, channel (of a river);

hold, hull (of a ship), ship, boat

,

-

about; surround, cover •

[amicio],

an

outer garment; cloak, robe,

veil

•••amictus,

-us,

m.,

435

amicus, -a, -um, [amo], loving, friendly, kind; as a noun, m. or i., friend • amitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, [ab], send away, let go; lose • amnis, -is, m., river, esp. a large

cian chieftain

Andromache,

cued by Perseus angd, -ere,

keep close to, "‘‘hug (the shore)” pleasant, amoenus, -a, -um, delightful, charming • amor, -oris, m., [am5], love, affec-

charm (to excite love); Cupid, god of love amoved, -ere, -movi, -mdtum, [ab], MOVE away, remove

anguifer,

+

•

amplexus, embrace amplius,

anheld, -are, -avi, -atum, gasp,

pant; roar, crash

heaving

ing, puffing,

•

father

of

Aeneas

Anchises, Aeneas -is, n.,

(small oval) shield;

sacred shield, like the one that fell from heaven. • ancora, -ae, f., anchor Ancus, -i, m., Ancus Martins, fourth king of Rome

Androgeus or Androgeos, -i, m., son of Minos, king of Crete,

436

•••anima, -ae, •

f.,

animal,

-alis,

being,

wind, breath;

air,

shade

soul, spirit,

life;

n.,

[anima], living

animal

animdsus, -a, -um, [animus], proud, undaunted • animus, -i, m., the rational soul; mind, intellect; disposition; will, purpose; pi., courage, heroism; anger, fury

Anna,

Anchiseus, -a, -um, of Anchises Anchisiades, -ae, m., son of

of an old woman,

old woman's

more;

vering; distracting

ancile,

hard

breathing, panting

[amplector],

[amplus],

m.,

narrow

anhelus, -a, -um, [anheld], pant-

•amplus, -a, -um, large, ample, roomy; abundant, great Amycus, -i, m., a Trojan; a son of Neptune, famous as a boxer •an or anne, con]., or, whether anceps, -cipitis, [an+caput], twoheaded; double, uncertain, wa-ae,

n.,

anhelitus, -us, m., [anheld],

anilis, -e, [anus],

adv.,

snaky

m., corner

row; as a noun, place

embrace

further, longer

Anchises,

-i,

[anguis],

angustus, -a, -um, [angd], nar-

twine around,

m.,

[anguis

[angd], serpent

-is, c.,

angulus,

-a,

-us,

+

fero],

•••anguis,

-um, of Amphrysus, a river in Thessaly •amplector, -plecti, -plexus sum, encircle,

-ferum,

-fera,

snaky anguineus, -a, -um,

cules

plecto],

choke -um, [anguis

anguicomus, -a, coma], snaky-haired

Amphitryoniades, -ae, m., descendant of Amphitryo, Her-

+

def., [rel. to anguis],

press, squeeze,

tion, desire;

[amb

wife of Hec-

f.,

Andromeda, -ae, f., daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, res-

-are, -avi, -atum, love, like;

Amphrysius,

-es,

tor

one; torrent

•amo,

by the Athenians; a Gre-

slain

•

of Dido annalis, -e, [annus], of a year; as a noun, m. pi., record, -ae,

f.,

sister

ANNALS, history anne, see an annitor,

sum,

-niti,

-nixus

or

[ad], lean against

make an

-nisus

or upon;

effort, strive

annd, -are, -avi, to; sail to;

—

,

[ad],

swim

reach

anndsus, -a, -um, [annus], of many years, aged, old

—

annu5, -ere, -ui, [ad], nod to; consent, promise, grant •annus, -i, m., year, season annuus, -a, -um, [annus], yearly,

•

,

Antandros, -i, f., a town at the foot of Mt. Ida, near Troy •ante, prep, with acc., before, in in front;

antequam,

•

antea, adv., [ante], before, earlier,

conj., sooner, before

former I y antecedo, -ere,

go

before,

-cessi,

-cessum,

precede

antefero, -ferre,

-tuli,

before, put before;

-latum, beat-

prefer

••••appareo, -ere, -parui, -paritum, [ad], APPEAR, be seen, be visible, be evident appard, -are, -avi, -atum, [ad], PREPARE, ttiake ready appell5, -ere, -puli, -pulsum, [ad], drive •

appelld, -are, -avi, -atum, [intens. call;

to;

pronounce

declare,

applied, -are, -avi or -ui, -atum

or

-itum,

T

[ad

plico],

connect, fasten, add;

-ei,

companion of

m.,

app5n5,

Aeneas

join,

bring or

APPROVE apricus, -a, -um, [aperio], exposed

•antiquus, -a, -um, [ante], old, an-

of former times, former

Roman

name of a M. Antonius,

m.,

-i,

gens;

sunny; sun-loving

to the sun, •

•••aptd, -are, -avi, -atum, [aptus], fit, apply, adjust; prepare, pro-

the triumvir

vide, furnish

antrum, -i, n., cave, cavern, grotto Anubis, -is, m., the dog-headed Egyptian god anxius, -a, -um, [ang5], anxious,

•

••aptus, -a, -um,

fitted,

fastened,

joined; studded

apud, prep, with acc., with, at, by, near, among, in the presence of

troubled; disquieting

Aonius, -a, -um, of Aonia, the region of Mt. Helicon in Boeotia; Aoniae sorores, the

•

aqua, -ae,

water

f.,

Aquiculus,

-i,

m., a Rutulian

aquild, -dnis, m., the north wind;

Muses -i,

-positum,

-posui,

down, put, place near approbo, -are, -avi, -atum, [ad],

Aeneas

Antdnius,

-ere,

[ad], set

Antiphates, -ae, m., an ally of

stormy wind or weather; (any) m.,

Lake Avernus

wind; the north

aqudsus, -a, -um, [aqua], water; watery; rainy

aper, apri, m., wild boar •aperio, -ire, -perui, -pertum, [ad -t-

bring to

drive to

Antheus,

Aornos,

to,

of appello], address, speak

than

•

un-

ery

antemna, -ae, f., [ante f tendo], sail yard Antenor, -oris, m., a Trojan, founder of Patavium Antenorides, -ae, m., descendant of Antenor antequam, conj., before, sooner

cient,

[aperio],

apex, -icis, m., summit, top; point; tongue of flame; peak (of a helmet or cap) Aphidnus, -i, m., a Trojan apis, -is, f., bee apiscor, -i, aptus sum,^c/, obtain Apolld, -inis or -onis, m., god of the sun and of prophecy, music, poetry, medicine, and arch-

anser, -eris, m., goose

•

-um,

-a,

covered, opened, open; clear

ANNUAL

front of; adv., before, earlier, previousl v

apertus,

pario],

uncover,

disclose, reveal,

open

lay

bare,

•

••ara, -ae,

f.,

altar;

as a noun,

f.

full

of

funeral pyre;

pi.,

437

the Altars,

a reef in the

take fre, kindle, be infamed; grow furious ardor, -dris, m., [arded], burn-

Mediterranean

near Sicily Arabs, -abis, m., an Arabian, an Arab Arabus, -i, m., an Arabian, an

•

-is,

height

area, -ae,

f.,

square, area, build-

ing lot

arbitrium,

-i, n.,

arena, -ae, f., sand; shore, beach, seashore, strand; amphitheater,

[arbiter, umpire],

decision, rule, control;

•arbor or arbos, -oris,

whim

ARENA

tree;

f.,

arendsus, -a, -um, [arena], sandy

wood; mast arboreus, -a, -um, [arbor], branch-

arens, -entis, [ared], dry, parched

—

ared, -ere, arui,

ing

Arcadia, -ae,

f.,

Arethusa, -ae, Syracuse

enclose,

—

,

•••argentum, plate;

send

for,

-ivi,

keep

-itum, [accedd],

summon,

invite;

bring

Arcitenens, -entis, [arcus

bow-bearing,

+

tened]

epithet

of

Apollo

• •

-i, f.,

the constellation of

the Great and Little Bear;

-i,

n.,

silver;

silver-

money

•argumentum,

gument;

-i,

n.,

[argud], ar-

subject

the

argud, -ere, argui, argutum, make clear; show, prove, declare

m., the brightest star

Argus, -i, m., (1) the hundredeyed keeper of lo; (2) a guest of Evander

north

Arcturus,

-i,

Argiletum, -i, n., a part of Rome Argivus, -a, -um, [Argos], of Argos, Argive; Greek, Grecian; as a noun, m, pi,, the Greeks Argolicus, -a, -um, [Argos], of Argolis; Grecian Argos, n. (only nom. and acc.), usually pi., Argi, -drum, m,, Argos, the capital of Argolis, in the Peloponnesus; Greece

away, avert; protect •arcesso, -ere,

a fountain near

f,,

silver, silvery

shut up,

bind;

confine;

be dry, be

argenteus, -a, -um, [argentum], of

Arcens, -entis, m., a companion of Aeneas •arced, -ere, arcui,

,

parched, dry up

a district of the

Peloponnesus Arcadius, -a, -um, Arcadian arcanus, -a, -um, [area, chest], secret, hidden; as a noun, n,, secret, mystery Areas, -adis, m., an Arcadian

Arctos,

-a,

lofty;

plough m., a river of Ar-

-i, n., {2iTo]^

menia

the

-um, steep; high, as a noun, n,, high place,

•••arduus,

Arab aratrum, Araxes,

eagerness, zeal

ing, heat;

Bootes •arcus, -us, m., bow; rainbow Ardea, -ae, f., capital of the in the constellation

Rutuli

shrill,

ardens, -entis, [arded], glowing, fiery; gleaming; eager, spirited; angry, ferce •arded, -ere, arsi, arsum, be on fre, burn, blaze; fash, gleam; he impatient, be eager, long; be deeply in love

ardesed, -ere, arsi,

438

argutus, -a, -um, [argud], clear;

—

,

[arded].

aridus,

whistling -a,

-um,

[ared],

dry,

parched aries, -etis, m., battering-ram

Arisba, -ae,

f.,

a town in the

Troad arista, -ae,

f.,

•arma, -drum, ons,

ear ofgrain n. pi.,

arms, weap-

armor; implements,

out-

equipment, sails (of

tools;

fit,

a ship) armatus,

ascensus,

•armentum,

n.,

-i,

(for ploughing);

armiger,

m., [arma

-eri,

ARMOR

herd, drove

+

gero],

the

bearer

aspectd, -are, -avi, -atum, [aspi-

armisonus, -a, -urn, [arma+son5], with resounding arms

armo, -are, -avi, -atum, [arma], ARM, equip armus, -i, m., shoulder, flank, side plough (the

m.

-drum,

pi.,

ing

• • •

by Diomedes in Apulia arrectus, -a, -um, [arrigo], upbuilt

ERECT, Standing; pricked up, listening, attentive, eager • arrigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum, [ad + rego], raise, erect; rouse; encourage arripid, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, [ad + T 2i^\b], grasp, seize, capright,

ars, artis,

f.,

ployment;

skill;

pursuit,

m.,

[ars

+

em-

deceiver,

limbs, artus,

gions;

/b/'/ir;

assentid,

pi.,

[arced],

close,

[ard], (arable) field;

the

sea,

a

re-

“watery

a king of grandfather of Anm.,

-i,

-sensum,

-sensi,

-ire,

assent asservd, -are, -avi, -atum, [ad], watch over, guard, keep ••assiduus, -a, -um, [ad -t- seded],

•

continual, constant, unceasing assimilis, -e, like, similar

assistd, -ere, -stiti,

plain” arx, arcis,

away

ment, assent; echo

plains, country;

pi., fields,

[ad],

[ad], agree to,

-um,

-i, n.,

-atum

assensus, -us, m., [assentid], agree-

narrow, tight

arvum,

-avi,

chises

facio],

body

-a,

-are,

Assaracus, Phrygia,

schemer

artus, -us, m., [arced],

appearance, aspect • asper, -era, -erum, rough; harsh, cruel, violent, fierce, savage;

carry

ARTIST, ARTISAN, master work-

man;

look;

favor; impart asportd, -are, -avi, -atum [abs],

cunning, stratagem,

-icis ,

glance,

breathe upon, blow upon; help,

fraud, trick artifex,

sight,

at,

aspird,

make for

ture;

at

stormy; chased, engraved aspergd, -inis, f., [ad -f- spargd], sprinkling, spray asperd, -are, -avi, -atum, [asper], make rough, roughen aspicid, -ere, -spexi, -spectum, [ad -|- specid], Ipok at, behold, conobserve, examine; see; sider; regard

sea),

town

a

gaze

aspectus, -us, m., [aspicid], look-

-atum, plough,

-avi,

look at attentively, survey

earnestly,

sail

Arpi,

Asia Minor;

Troad

cid],

cultivate;

f.,

Trojan aspargd, see aspergd

like

till,

[ascendd],

Asilas, -ae, m., a

+

-are,

Aeneas

ascent

Asia (Asia), -ae,

armipotens, -ends, [arma potens], powerful in arms, war-

•aro,

m.,

-us,

climbing,

cattle

[aro],

m., son of

mount

warriors, sol-

diers

•

-i,

•ascendd, -ere, -cendi, -censum, [ad -f- scandd], climb, ascend,

m., [armo], esp. in

-i,

ARMED men,

pi.,

Ascanius,

f.,

citadel, fortress;

height, hill

worth approximately a penny

as, assis, m., the as,

—

,

stand by

or near assuescd,

-ere,

-suevi,

-suetum,

accustom, make familiar; become accustomed, learn [ad],

439

m.,

^^ultus,

-US,

^attack,

ASSAULT

assurgd,

‘astd, astare, astitl, at,

attolld, -ere, def.,

-surrec-

—

in sight ,

[ad],

stand

•

•••attonitus,

stand ready;

by, or near;

astounded;

star;

-i, n.,

pi.,

••••attend,

Astyanax, -actis, m., son of Hector and Andromache asylum, -i, n., place of refuge, sanctuary; the Asylum of

atterqued, -ere, wards, hurl [ad],

still,

avus], a

male

cestor

gloomy,

•ater, -tra, -trum, black,

dark m., a river of Italy

-is,

-drum, m. pi., name of a Roman gens Atlanteus, -a, -um, of Atlas Atlantis, -idis,

-are,

-avi,

f.,

audens, -entis, [auded], daring, bold •auded, -ere, ausus sum, semidep., dare, be bold, venture •audid, -ire, -ivi or -ii, -itum, hear, hear of; listen to, obey; in-

[\i\^s\,daughter

Atlas, -antis, m., a high

moun-

northern Africa, the supporter of the heavens, according to the ancient fable atque or ac, conj., and also, and tain

in

besides,

and indeed;

Atrides,

auditum,

m.,

move; stop, leave off Aufidus,

•auged,

-i,

n.,

[ater],

the chief

room of a Roman house; court;

atrox, -ocis,

age, fierce, wild, cruel, harsh attenud, -are, -avi, -atum, [te-

weaken, debase -ere,

440

-tigi,

—

-uris,

auxi, m.,

[avis],

soothsayer, prophet, • • •

gloomy; sav-

m., a river in Apuiia

-ere,

augur,

hall,

pi., halls

-i,

auctum, increase, enlarge; heap up, load

and Menelaus atrium,

[audid], hearsay,

report

[Atreus], son or descendant of Atreus; esp. in pi., Atridae, Agamemnon -ae,

-i, n.,

••••auferd, -ferre, abstuli, ablatum, [ab], take away, carry off, re-

and yet

atqui, conj.,

vestigate

com-

in

parisons, as, than

adviser,

courageous

bold;

of Atlas

•attingd,

attract

AUTHORITY, patron, backer •audax, -acis, [auded], daring,

Atii,

nuis],

-tractum,

-traxi,

to, lead,

up-

hurl

def.,

ator; father, founder;

Athesis,

•

stun, terrify,

-atum, [ad + traetd], touch, handle Atys, -yes, m., a youthful comrade of lulus •aucter, -dris, m., [auged], promoter, producer; author, cre-

ancestor of the fifth generation back; anforefather,

•

-ere,

draw

attreetd,

+

in-

-tenitum,

-tenui,

-are,

attrahd,

m., [ad

awestruck;

amaze, astonish

at least -i,

terrors tri cken;

[ad], thunder at;

Romulus •at, conj., but, however, yet,

[attend],

spired, frenzied

the stars,

sky, heavens

atavus,

-um,

-a,

thunders truck,

stand up; alight >*astruni,

up, raise,

lift

with se, appear, come

erect;

rise up, rise

ast, see at >

tangd], touch; reach, attain to

sali5],

find

-surrexi,

-ere,

tum, [ad],

+

[ad

•augurium,

gury,

-i,

n.,

divination;

seer,

augur

[augur],

omen,

ausign,

portent augustus, -a, -um, venerable, noble

,

[ad

+

Augustus,

-i,

m., the Venerable;

cognomen

a

given to Octavius

•

Caesar as emperor aula, -ae or -ai,

palace aulaeum, -i, hangings

auxilid (or auxilior), -are, -avi,

Boeotia, from which the Greek

-atum, g/vr help, assist, succor •auxilium, -i, n., help, aid, assistance avarus, -a, -um, avaricious, greedy, covetous aveho, -ere, -vexi, -vectum, [ab],

seaport

a

f.,

Troy

c.,

auris, -is,

ear

f.,

f.,

-i,

avello,

Avernus, -i, m.. Lake Avernus, near Cumae; in its vicinity was supposed to be the entrance to the lower world Avernus, -a, -um, of Lake Avernus; of the lower world, inas a noun, n. pi., fernal; the region about Lake Avernus; the lower world aversus, -a, -um, [averto], turned

dawn

x\.,gold

-um,

of the Aurunci, an ancient people

Auriincus,

-a,

of Italy Ausonia, -ae,

f.,

ancient

name

of

Italy

Ausonidae, -arum, m.

pi.,

poetic

away;

for Ausonii

Ausonius,

Ausonian,

-um,

-a,

•

-icis, c., [avis

augur,

who

one

omens given by soothsayer; • •

favorer •auspicium,

+

away;

specie],

carry

birds; diviner,

•

n.,

•

[audeo], bold deed,

daring act

.

.

.

or

.

.

aut, either

-i,

m., [avus],

uncle

(on the mother’s side) ••avus, -i, m., grandfather;

an-

cestor •

.

bird

-a,

avunculus,

m., the south wind;

•aut, conj., or; aut

f.,

way

(any) wind -i, n.,

avis, -is,

avius,

clination, will

ausum,

steal

-um, [a + via], out of the way, remote; as a noun, n., unfrequented place, devious

[auspex], divi-

command, augury, auspices; guidance, authority; right, in-tri,

off,

away;

drive

eager, greedy

leader,

nation (from watching birds);

Auster,

remove,

••avidus, -a, -um, [aveo], longing,

•

-i,

averted; distant, remote

face

••averto, -ere, -verti, -versum, turn

interprets

protector,

with

AVERSE, hostile;

Italian

auspex,

take off or away -ere, -velli or -vulsi,

off,

-vulsum or -volsum, tear away, break off Aventinus, -i, m., one of the seven hills of Rome aveo, -ere, def., he eager, desire

morning, dawn;

person., goddess of the

aurum.

carry

charioteer, driver

aurlga, -ae,

•••aurora, -ae, •

autumn

auxiliaris, e, helping

-idis,

•••aura, -ae or -ai, f., hreeze, air, breath of air; light, gleam auratus, -a, -urn, [aurum], g/7(/c^/, golden; gold-embroidered aureolus, -a, -um, [aureus], golden • aureus, -a, -um, [aurum], of gold, golden, gilded: bright auricomus, -a, -um, [aurum -f coma], with golden hair; with golden foliage •

-ontis, m., charioteer

of Achilles autumnus, -i, m.,

n,, tapestry, curtain,

fleet sailed for

•

Automedon,

hall,

of

Aulis,

•

court,

f.,

autem, conj., hut, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed

•••axis,

-is,

chariot,

m.,

axle,

car;

axis

axle-tree;

(of

the

heavens), the sky, the heavens

441

•

B baca, -ae,

Bell5na, -ae,

bacatus, -a, -um, [baca], set with pearls which are berry-shaped

•

Baccha, -ae, f., a Bacchante, a female attendant of Bacchus, a Maenad bacchor, -ari, -atus sum, [Bacee lehr ate

chus],

Bacchus;

the

rites

god of wine; Bacchus; wine

ery to

Bactra, -orum, n. of Bactria

Baiae, -arum,

f.

pi.,

pi.,

a

chief city

town near

Cumae balatus,

m.,

-us,

[balo,

bleat],

balteus,

-i,

Bandusia, -ae, f., a spring celebrated by Horace barathrum, -i, n., abyss, ehasm, gulf, pit

barba, -ae, f., heard barbaricus, -a, -um, [barbarus], barbaries,

•

-ei,

f.,

barbaric an alien land,

a land of barbarians barbarus, -um, -a, foreign, strange;

uneivilized,

rude;

BARBAROUS Barcaei, -orum, m.

Barce,

pi.,

people of

Libya f., nurse of Sychaeus

in

Barce, -es, basium, -i, •

n., kiss

ous, blessed, fortunate Bebrycius, -a, -um, of Bebrycia, a district in Asia Minor; Be-

BRYCIAN -ae,

m., descendant of

Belus bellator, -oris,

m., [bello], war-

rior, soldier

bellatrix, -icis,

beast, wild beast,

f.,

m., (1) father of Dido,

founder of Dido’s

[bellator], fe-

line

bene, adv., [bonus], well

benignus, -a, -um, kind, friendly, favorable Berecyntius,

-um, of BereCYNTUS, a mountain in Phrygia, sacred to Cybele; Bere-a,

CYNTIAN -es,

f.,

wife of Doryclus

a Thracian

pi.,

tribe bi-, prefix,

see bis

—

•bibo, -ere, bibi,

drink;

,

take

drink in

bibulus, -a, -um, [bib5], absorbing, thirsty

+

bicolor, -oris, [bis

color], two-

colored; mottled, dappled bicornis,

-e,

horned;

[bis -f

cornu] , two-

(a river) that has

two

mouths bidens, -entis, [bis -f dens], with two teeth; sheep of the second year, esp. a victim (for sacrifice)

-e,

two openings;

with

double

forma] , twoFORMED, two-shaped

biformis, -e, [bis

-|-

bifrons, -ontis, [bis

+

frdns] , two-

faced bigae, -arum, f. pi., [for biiugae], span or pair (of horses); twohorse chariot biiugus, -a, -um,

f.,

male warrior, warrior maid bellicus, -a, -um, warlike

442

-i,

biforis,

•beatus, -a, -um, happy, prosper-

Belides,

•

in,

foreign, strange,

-um, charming, lovely

Bessi, -orum, m.

m., belt

per-

and king of Tyre and Sidon;

Beroe,

bleating

war, eonfliet;

monster Belus,

of

m,,

n.,

belua, -ae,

(2)

-i,

[bellum], goddess

f.,

war demon

bellus, -a,

rush madly,

rave;

of war bellum, -i, son.,

fly wildly

Bacchus,

wage

war, war

berry, small fruit

f.,

-atum,

-avi,

-are,

••bello,

[bis

+

iugum],

two-yoked, two-horse bilinguis, -e, [bis

+ lingua], double-

tongued, false, deceitful, lying

bimcmbris, -e, [bis + membrum], double-formed; as noun, m. pi., the Centaurs b'lmus, -a, -um, [bis + hicms], for two years '•bini, -ae, -a, two by two, two each or apiece; a pair; for duo, two bipatens,

-entis,

two

opening double

+

[bis

ways;

bipennis, -e, [bis

pcnna], two-

-|-

as noun,

edged; biremis,

folding,

two-edged,

winged; -is,

doublebattle-axe

+

[bis

f.,

pate5],

remus],

BiREME, a galley with two banks of oars •

bis, adv., twice

+

bisulcus, -a, -uni, [bis

sulcus],

cloven Bithyni, -orum, m.

the Bithy-

pi.,

NIANS Bitias,

m.,

-ae,

Carthaa Trojan a

(1)

ginian noble; (2) bivium, -i, n., [bis

+

Brontes, -ae, m., a Cyclops

bruma,

-ae,

f., [

vissima],

shortest

brumalis,

ing

Bola, -ae, in •

f.,

a tow n of the Aequi,

Latium

bonus,

-a,

good;

-um,

kind,

friendl v; propitious

Boreas, -ae, m., north wind •

bffs,

bovis, c., bull, bullock, ox, pi.,

cattle (gen. pi., bourn)

bracac, -arum,

f.

pi.,

breeches

•bracchium, -i, n., forearm; arm; branch or limb (of a tree); pi.,

Brutus, tus,

brattca,

-ae,

metal, gold •

thin

f.,

foil,

bre \\ s , -c, short; as noun, n.

plate

of

gold leaf brief;

pi.,

shallow;

brevia, -ium,

shallows, shoals

Briarcus,

-ei, ni.,

a giant with a

hundred hands Britanni, -brum, m.

of the

Junius Bruexpelled the Tar-

m.,

-i,

who

L.

quins from Rome brutus, -a, -um, heayy, dull bubo, -onis, c., owl bucinur'-ae, f., trumpet bulla, -ae, f., boss, stud bustum, -i, n., [akin to ur5], funeral pyre; tomb Butes, -ae, m., (1) son of cus,

by

slain

Trojan Buthrotum,

-i,

Dares; n.,

a

Amy(2)

a

town of

Epirus buxus, -i, f., BOX tree; flute, pipe Byrsa, -ae, f., the citadel of

Carthage

C cachinnus,

cacumen,

-i,

m., laughter

-inis, n.,

extreme point;

peak, top, summit Cacus, -i, m., a giant slain by Hercules cadaver, -cris, n., [cad5], dead body, corpse, body • cado, -ere, cecidi, casum, fall; of the sun and stars, set, sink, fade; of sails, be furled; fall (in war), die; subside, be stilled; happen, occur caducus, -a, -um, [cado], doomed to fall;

cadus,

sail yards

the

winter, wintry

ing of two roads, fork

sive, alluring, pleasant, charni-

in

winter

[bruma],

-e,

or bre-

day

year, winter solstice;

via], nieet-

blandus, -a, -um, flattering, fawnpersuaing, smooth-tongued;

= brcvima

-i,

fallen, slain

m.,

wine

jar,

cask;

funeral urn

Caecubus, -a, -um, of CaecuBUM, a district in Latium, famous for its wine ••••caecus, -a, -um, blind, blinded; random, aimless, rash; obscure, uncertain; private, secret

pi.,

Britons

•caedes,

-is, f.,

[caedd], a cutting

443

mur-

killing, slaughter,

Clown;

Caieta,

Aeneas;

bloodshed Caedicus, -i, m., an Etruscan caedd, -ere, cecidi, caesum, cut down, kill, slaughter, slay; sacder,

•

in

basket calcar, -aris, n., [calx], spur

of heaven, heavenly, celestial; as a noun, m. pi., the gods

[caelum + cold], inhabitant of heaven, deity, god caelifer, -era, -erum, [caelum + caelicola, -ae,

Calchas, calco,

c.,

hot, •

emboss

carve,

caelum, -i, heavens;

n.,

sky, heaven,

the

n.,

Calliope,

noun,

heat;

C.

Caesar

-ei,

f.,

hair

(of

in

Aeto-

town on south

f.,

warrior heroine

M.

Furius

Camillus, conqueror of Veii and savior of Rome, 390 b.c. -T,

m., furnace, forge;

crevice

campus, -T, m., plain, field, the open country; level surface; watery plain (of the sea); the Campus Martins •••candeo, -ere, -uF, be brilliant, shine, be white; glow, be hot Candidas, -a, -um, [candeo], white, •

the

locks of hair caespes,-itis,m., [caedo], turf, sod caestus, -us, m., [caedo], gaunt-

f.,

of the Volsci Camillus, m., -T,

his

head);

-ae,

Camilla, -ae,

adoption by the great Dictator caesaries,

town

f.,

coast of Sicily

called

after

heel

f.,

-onis,

Camerma,

-aris, m., in the Aeneid,

Julius

of

glow

camTnus, (Octavian),

Muse

the

f.,

lia

sea

Augustus

be

m., narrow path, path

calx, calcis,

n, pi., the blue sea, the

Caesar,

be dark,

calor, -oris, m., [cale5], warmth,

a

as

-es,

callis, -is,

gloomy, funereal caeruleus;

def.,

epic poetry

mud,

dirt, filth,

mist, vapor, fog;

f.,

-are,

Calydon,

see

-um, [caleo], warm,

-a,

gloomy

Caere, n., indec., or Caeres, -itis or -etis, f., an ancient city of Etruria, also called Agylla •caeruleus or caerulus, -a, -um, dark [caelum], azure, blue, caerulus,

calidus,

caligd,

mire, slime

blue; dark,

warm or

darkness, gloom, obscurity

Caenis, changed by Neptune into a boy; (2) a companion of Aeneas -i,

be

,

glow

caligo, -inis,

named

caenum,

—

-ui,

tread

-atum,

-avi,

hot

air; atmosphere, upper world, the weather; earth, contrasted to the lower world. Hades Caeneus, -eos, m., (1) formerly girl

-are,

••••caleo, -ere,

Greek

a

seer

upon

heaven-bearing caelo, -are, -avi, -atum, engrave,

m.,

-antis,

and

priest

fero],

•

the

work-

basket,

m.,

-i,

of

town and harbor

(2) a

named after modern Gaeta

calathus,

caeiestis, -e, [caelum],

a

nurse

(1)

f.,

Latium

nurse,

rifice

•

-ae,

•

—

,

boxing glove, cestus, made of thongs or straps of hide, often loaded with lead, wound

beautiful candor, -^ris, m., [candeS], daz-

around the hands and arms

caneo,

let,

Caicus,

-i,

m., a

Aeneas

444

companion of

shining,

bright; fair,

zling, whiteness, splendor

—

be white, whiten; be gray, be hoary -ere,

Canicula, -ae,

-uF,

f.,

the

,

Dog

Star

•

canis, -is,

dog

c.,

canistrum, canities,

(at starting

[canus],

f.,

gray

••career, -eris, m., prison;

basket

-i, n.,

-ei,

color;

•

hair;

—

gray

old age

cardo,

sound canorus, -a, um, [cano], melodi-

•cared, -ere,

in

ing; playing; strains, music

•

do

Carmentalis,

capio, -ere, cepi, captum, take,

take captive, take poswin, captivate, session of; seize;

cheat, deceive, be-

contain [caput],

the

Capitol, or Temple of Jupiter, in

Rome

captive,

as a noun,

m, and

•

casa, -ae,

n.,

head;

captive,

carbasus,

castellum, tle,

ment; -orum,

flax; linen garcanvas, sail; carbasa, n. pi., sails

-i,

n.,

citadel,

[castrum], cas-

fortress,

strong-

castigd, -are, -avi, -atum, [castus

+

f.,

hut

hold

life

-i,

f.,

vain

of;

summit,

Capys, -yos, m., (1) a companion of Aeneas; (2) a king of Alba

[Carmentis], of

-e,

Cassandra, -ae, f., a prophetess, daughter of Priam cassus, -a, -um, empty; deprived

top; chief town, capital; source;

person,

inscription

Sea, Caspian

capto, -are, -avi, -atum, [capi5], catch at, snatch, seize, catch capulus, -i, m., [capio], handle, hilt -itis,

incantation,

Caspius, -a, -um, of the Caspian

prisoner

caput,

poem;

affectionate, loving

captured; f.,

song,

Carmentis, -is, f., a prophetess, mother of Evander Carpathius, -a, -um, Carpathian •••carpd, -ere, carpsi, carptum, pluck, pull off; crop, graze on; enjoy, use, breathe; wear out, waste, consume; enter upon, pursue • ••carus, -a, -um, dear, beloved;

capra, -ae, f., [caper], s he-goat caprigenus, -a, -um, [caper + gigno], of the goat kind, of goats • captivus, -a, -um, [capio], taken prisoner,

in

Carmentis

m., hair (of head or

n.,

quarter

a

prophecy;

charm;

-i,

[carina],

pi.,

f.

n.,

-inis,

verse;

beard)

•

carmen,

eagerly, lay hold of, snatch at; strive to reach, hasten to, make

Capitolium,

Carians,

Rome

capesso, -ere, def., [capi5], seize

tray;

the

keel (of a ship);

f.,

Carinae,

the

caper, -pri, m., he-goat, goat

fascinate;

pi.,

Carinae, -arum,

ancient, venerable

-i,

fail

southwest Asia Minor

••••Carina, -ae, ship, boat

canus, -a, -um, white; gray; old,

capillus,

-itum, be without,

Cares, -ium, m,

to,

cantus, -us, m., [cano], song, sing-

•

-ui,

be free from; lack, want;

re-

sing

•

crisis

to obtain

cantd, -are, -avi, -atum, sing

for; perform,

m., hinge, a pivot

-inis,

and socket; • •

sounding, clanging

•

bowl

dles);

clare;

harmonious, tuneful;

place for races)

carchesium, -i, n., (large Greek) drinking-cup (with two han-

•cano, -ere, cecini, , sing, play; proclaim, foretell, prophesy, de-

ous,

barrier

agd], CHASTISE, punish, cor-

rect; •

blame, chide, reprove

castra, -drum, n.

pi.,

(fortified)

camp; naval camp Castrum Inui, an ancient town Latium

445

in

•

castus,

pure,

-urn,

-a,

submit, yield; fall to (as one’s own property); disappear

chaste,

virtuous: holy, pious •

casus,

m.,

-us,

chance,

catena, -ae, caterva,

-ae,

crowd,

f.,

•

f.,

armchair, sedan L.

catulus,

-i,

Sergius

Caucasus,

cella, -ae,

cell;

m., the

-i,

• •

caulis, -is,

rock; crag, cavea,

theater,

rough,

hollow

amphi-

cerebrum,

Ceres, -eris,

•

Cecropides, -ae, m., descendant o/ Cecrops; pi., Athenians cedo, -ere, cessi, cessum,^o away, withdraw, depart; give way.

446

a

[cen-

hundredfold;

arms

Cerealis, -e [Ceres],

be on guard against caverna, -ae, f., [cavus], hollow,

cavus, -a, -um, hollow; enveloping

adj.,

-um,

-a,

geminus],

caved, -ere, cavi, cautum, beware,

hollow out

num.

a

Cerberus, -i, m., the watchdog at the entrance of Hades -i, n.,

culture;

CAVERN, CAVE

•

-ae,

man, half horse num. adj., -a,

Cephenus, -a, -um, Ethiopian Ceraunia (saxa), -drum, n. pi., a rocky ridge on the coast of Epirus

the portion occupied

cavo, -are, -avi, -atum, [cavus],

value, esti-

,

m., an imaginary

with a hundred

by spectators •

+

tum

pointed

[cavus],

-i,

hundred • centum, indecl. hundred centumgeminus,

cliff f.,

—

-ui,

[centum], a hundred each;

pi.,

theater, circus,

-ae,

place;

f.,

conceal,

meal, dinner

••censed, -ere,

centeni,

cautiously

-is,

f.,

creature, half

Caulon, -5nis, m., a town on the east coast of Bruttium •causa, -ae, f., cause, reason; ground, occasion, excuse, pretext; in law, CAUSE, case cautes,

cena, -ae,

Centaurus,

sheepfold m., stalk of a plant

caute, adv.,

shrine (in a temple)

mate

tail f.

storeroom, granary,

•••celsus, -a, -um, raised, high, lofty

mountains between the Black and Caspian seas cauda, -ae, f., caulae, -arum,

f.,

hide

m., a Latin poet

puppy Caucasus,

quick,

swift,

celo, -are, -avi, -atum,

•

m., whelp, cub,

-i,

-ere,

-eris,

•••celero, -are, -avi, -atum, [celer], hasten, speed, do with speed

Catiline, the conspirator in Cicero’s consulship Cato, -onis, m., (1) Cato the Censor; (2) Cato the Younger, Catullus,

celer,

rapid •

called Uticensis

crowd; celebrate,

observe •

m.,

-ae,

one of the Har-

••celebro, -are, -avi, -atum, [cele-

troop,

chair, teacher"' s chair

Catilina,

f.,

ber], throng,

band, multitude cathedra, -ae,

cedar

pies

crisis,

chain, fetter

f.,

cedar tree;

f.,

Celaeno, -us,

emeropportunity, chance

gency;

-i,

wood

event;

misfortune,

fortune;

hardship, peril;

•

cedrus,

falling;

destruction;

ruin,

fall,

[cado],

f.,

o/"

Ceres

brain

goddess of agri-

grain,

corn,

bread,

food •

••cernd, -ere, crevi, cretum, separate; distinguish; discern; see,

perceive,

comprehend

cernuus, -a, -um, stooping for-

ward; headlong cerd,

with

-are, .-avi,

wax

-atum,

smear

•

certamen,

-inis, n., [certo], strife,

strug^^le, effort;

bat;

contest,

com-

game

certatim, adv., [certo], in rivalry, zealously, eagerly certe, adv., [certus], surely, cer-

tainly; at least •cert5, -are, -avi, -atum,

cblamys, -ydis, f., (Grecian) mantle, cloak chorea, -ae, f., dance (in a ring); CHORAL dance ••••chorus, -i, m., dance, choral dance; troop or band (of singers or dancers); band, crow^, .

troop

[certus],

struggle, strive, contend;

com-

••••cie5, -ere,

pete, vie with •certus,

-um, [cern5], deter-

-a,

call,

mined, resolved, fixed, decided; trusty, faithful; f,,

•cervix, -icis,

•cervus,

-i,

neck

m., stag, deer

rest

••••cingo, -ere, cinxi, cinctum, surround, enclose; gird, encircle;

get ready, prepare; clothe; besiege

cingulum, -i, n., [cingo], belt, girdle cinis, -eris, m., ashes •••circa, prep, with acc., and adv., around, about, nearby, near

• • • •

Circaeus, -a, -um, of Circe Circe, -es or -ae, f., a sorceress,

ceu, adv., as, like as, just as; as if Chalcidicus, -a, -um, of Chalcis,

town

in

daughter of the Sun

Euboea

Chalybes, -um, m. pi., a people of Pontus, skillful in forging iron

and

steel;

Circensis,

-onis, m.,

of the

Circus

son of Priam,

C'baonius, -a, -um, of

[circus],

Maximus; (ludi) Circenses, m. pi., games of the

iron, steel

ancestor of the Chaones Cbaonia, -ae, f., a district Epirus

-e,

Circus

chalybs, -ybis, m., iron, steel

Cbaon,

exhibit, present;

festivals

CEASE from, CEASE, Stop; delay, linger; be inactive cete, n. pi., sea monsters; whales •ceterus, -a, -um, the other, the rest the remainder, the of,

a

name,

cincture; particular way of wearing the toga at religious

reliable, true

•cesso, -are, -avi, -atum, [cedo],

•

invoke;

stir;

cinctus, -us, m., [cingo], girding,

[cervus], hind, deer

f.,

citum, move,

shed tears

unerring, straight, direct; sure,

cerva, -ae,

civi,

rouse, EXCITE, disturb;

circuitus, -us, m., [circumeo],

ing round; circulus,

in

Chaonia,

Chaonian Cbaos, no gen., n., void; person., god of the underworld Cbardn, -ontis, m., ferryman in the underworld Cbarybdis, -is, f., a whirlpool between Italy and Sicily Cbimaera, -ae, f., (1) a fabulous monster having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon, and breathing fire; (2) one of the Trojan ships

ring; •

-i,

circuit,

compass

m., [circus], circle,

chain

circum, prep, with acc., and adv., around, about; nearby, near

••circumdo, -are, -dedi, -datum, encircle, surplace around; round; of jewels, etc., set circumfero, -ferre,

-tuli,

-latum,

bear around; purify (by carrying around water for sprinkling)

circumflectd, -ere, -flexi, -flexum,

bend, turn about

circumfundd, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, pour around; surround, en-

compass

447

circumfusus, -a, -um, [circum + fundd], surrounding, encompass-

•

crowding around

ing;

circumlino, -ere,

—

-litum, cover,

,

surround

clothe,

circumplector,

•

embrace,

sum, clasp around; encircle, surround

jump

•

circumsisto, -ere, -steti,

—

clang;

,

stand

•

circumspicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec-

on all sides; survey, observe, examine circumtextus, -a, -um, [circum -ftexo], woven around circumvenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum, come around, encompass, surround circumvolo, -are, -avi, -atum,y7v around, hover around; enshroud def.,

•

-idis,

classis, -is,

illustri-

fleet

f.,

claudo, -ere, clausi, clausum, shut, CLOSE, shut up, ENCLOSE, con-

claustra, -drum, n. bar,

pi.,

barricade;

barrier,

bolt;

[claudd],

narrows, narrow passage, strait clava, -ae, claviger,

daughter

f.,

of

f.,

club

-erum,

-era,

clavus,

m.,

[citus],

-um,

[clava 4-

-e,

[civis],

soon quick, rapid

of a

citizen,

m., nail; rudder, helm,

••dementia, -ae,

fellow citifellow countryman, com-

•civis, -is, c., citizen;

rade

cliens,

aster;

f.,

destruction,

slaughter,

scourge

448

dis-

massacre;

m.,

-entis,

dependant,

CLIENT clipeatus,

-um,

-a,

with

a

[clipeus],

shield,

shield-

bearing ••••clipeus, n.,

and clipeum,

m.,

-i,

-i,

(round metal) shield (of a

Cloanthus,

soldier) -i,

m., a

companion

of Aeneas Cloelia, -ae,

-is,

mercy, com-

f.,

passion

Roman

CIVIL, CIVIC

key

stripe (on the tunic)

armed

quickly,

[cieo],

•

f.,

-i,

tiller;

(1)

move quickly

adv.,

•citus, -a,

clavis, -is,

Hecuba

-el,

INCITE,

clades,

famous,

maimed

roll

a king of Thrace; (2) a Rutulian Cithaeron, -onis, m., a mountain in Boeotia cithara, -ae, f., cithara, lyre, harp cito, -“Sre, -avl, -atum, provoke, Cisseus,

zen;

sound clear Clarius, -a, -um, of Claros, a town in Ionia, where Apollo had an oracle; Clarian clarus, -a, -um. clear, bright;

gerd], club-bearing

Cisseus,

civilis,

loud,

claudus, -a, -um, lame, crippled,

m., circle, race course;

Cisseis,

•

grow

fine

ring

cito,

flapping

ous •

around, revolve around -i,

clear;

loud, distinct;

turn, [specie], view

circus,

din, blare;

grow

bright,

circumsond, -are, def., sound about; make echo circumsonus, -a, -um, barking about, sounding around

-ere,

ap-

noise;

claresco, -ere, def., [clarus],^;^/(nv

around, surround

circumvolvo,

call,

plause clangor, -oris, m., sound, noise,

circumsilid, -ire, def., [salio], leap

around,

clamor, -oris, m., [clamd], shout, outcry, cry;

-plexus

-plecti,

clam, adv., secretly, in secret clamo, -are, -avi, -atum, cry call to, aloud, shout aloud; call upon, call

f.,

a

Roman

maiden, escaped from

who Porsenna’s camp and swam

a hostage

across the Tiber to

Rome

Clonius,

m., a Trojan

-i,

Cluentius,

Roman Clytius,

name of

m.,

-i,

•

family

name of

m.,

-i,

defender of the bridge in the war with Porsenna Cocytius, -a, -um, of Cocytus C5cytus, -i, m., river of lamentation; one of the rivers of the

TINE • •

or

-ivi

-ii,

-itum, [com

crease;

together,

assemble; curdle (the blood); form a league or compact

•

•

commence -i, n.,

minate; survey, review, inspect •••cold, -ere, colui, cultum, culti-

[coepi], beginning,

vate,

restrain, repress

coetus,

-us,

m.,

ing; flock;

•

colonist color, -dris, m., color, hue, complexion

assemblage, gather-

together;

Coeus,

man;

coming

[coed],

feast

m., a Titan

-i,

columba, -ae, columna, -ae,

think,

plot

cognatus, -a, -um, [com + (g)natus], related by blood, kindred

•cogndmen, -inis, n., [com + (g)ndmen], surname, family name;

colus,

••••coma,

with;

find

-um,

compel; of tears,

coactus, etc.,

forced,

hypocritical

cohibcd,

-ere,

-hibui,

[habed], hold together; hinder, restrain

• • •

up,

-a,

-hibitum confine,

column,

pillar

spinning

distaff;

f.,

mane

hair;

(of a

long-haired;

-antis,

leafy

teacher,

ally;

guardian;

•cdgd, -ere, coegi, coactum, [agd], drive together, collect, gather; bring up {the rear); force, urge,

f.,

-itis, c.,

lower,

close

dove, pigeon

[com + ed], companion, comrade, associate; fol-

••comes,

know

condense;

f.,

foliage, leaves

crested; •

recog-

learn;

nize; understand,

drive,

-ae,

horse);

•cogndscd, -ere, -gndvi, -gnitum,

thicken,

-i, f.,

comans,

ascertain,

tint;

com-, see cum, prep.

name of

out,

settler,

coluber, -bri, m., serpent

cdgitd, -are, -avi, -atum,

become accjuainted

dwell in;

watch over; honor, worship; observe •••coldnus, -i, m., [cold], husband-

[arced], enclose, surround, confine;

inhabit,

till;

cherish, care for,

-crcitum,

-ercui,

reef m., hill

collis, -is,

gleam, shine, be resplendent ••• collum, -i, n., neck collQstrd, -are, -avi, -atum, illu-

undertaking, attempt, enterprise -ere,

in-

(sails)

colluced, -ere, def., shine brightly;

•coepi, -isse, part, coeptus, def.,

coerced,

colligd, -ere, -iegi, -lectum, [iegd],

gather, assemble, collect;

go or come

cocptum,

swoon)

Collatinus, -a, -um, of Collatia, a town of the Sabines, Colla-

meet,

begin,

weaken

totter,

sink (in a

underworld

+

fleet

collabor, -labi, -lapsus sum, fall together, fall in ruins; fall,

Codes, -itis, m., Horatius Cocles,

c6],

cohort;

-tis, f.,

make

several

Trojans

coed, -ire,

cohors,

ColchT, -drum, m., Colchians collabefactd, -are, -avi, -atum,

a

pi.,

tutor,

retinue, suite

comitatus, -us, m., [comitor], escort, train, retinue

•

•••comitor,

-ari, -atus

sum

[comes],

accompany, attend, follow commendd, -are, -avi, -atum [mandd], commit, intrust, confide

comminus, adv., [com 4- manus], hand to hand, in close conflict

449

,

[com + premo], press together; keep back, check, restrain; re-

commisceo, -ere, -miscui, -mixturn or -mistum, mix, mingle, blend:

press concavus, -a, -um, hollow, curved,

unite

commissum,

[committo],

n.,

-i,

•

committo, -ere, -misi, -missum,

•

bring together; join, unite; enter

commit

on, begin;

engage

(a crime);

or join (battle) commoveo, -ere, -movi, -motum, MOVE, shake, stir; rouse, start, in

disturb:

frighten,

excite;

en-

concieo, -ere, -civi, -citum, also

communis,

-e,

common,

concio, -ire, def., call together;

general,

COMMON

shake,

-ere,

compages,

-is, f., [^ 2iWgb],

-puli,

-ere,

•complector, -plecti, -plexus sum, embrace, clasp, grasp, hold • compleo, -ere, -plevi, -nletum, up,

fill

out;

complete;

fulfill; crowd, line complexus, -us, m., [complector],

embrace •compono, -ere, -posui, -positum, put

construct,

build,

store up, lay up;

regu-

together-,

raise; late,

arrange, reduce to order;

lay at rest, put to rest, bury

comporto, -are,

-atum, bring together, gather, carry off comprecor, -ari, -atus sum, im-avi,

plore •

concipid, [capid],

(or

comprendo),

or -prendi, -ensum, seize, grasp, catch; com-

-ere,

-liendi

prise (in description), describe,

enumerate comprimo, -ere,

450

+

[com

cieo],

assembly, gathering:

—

play -ceptum,

sing,

,

-cepi,

-ere,

take up, take

re-

in,

be possessed by; imagine, CONCEIVE, think; conbeget ceive, ••concitd, -are, -avi, -atum, [concispur on, tus], rouse, excite; hasten, speed ceive;

•

concitus,

-um,

-a,

[concied],

roused, at full speed;

ened conclamd, -are, out,

-avi,

call out,

rough-

-atum, shout

shout;

call

[com

+

claudd], shut

en-

up,

close, confine: mark out concolor, -coldris, of the

same

COLOR [com

-cordis,

+

cor],

united, harmonious, peaceful

concretus,

-a,

-um,

[concresed,

congeal], grown together; thick, clotted, matted;

ingrained, in-

veterate -pressi, -pressum.

to-

gether, call on for aid concludd, -ere, -clusi, -clusum,

concors,

comprehendd

n.,

concino, -ere, -ui,

check, restrain

fill

-i,

company; council

—

-pescui,

•concilium,

meeting,

-pulsum,

•compello, -are, -avi, -atum, accost, address: reproach, chide, rebuke

compesco,

win

over

fasten-

force, drive

drive together;

rouse,

excite,

cilium], win, gain, obtain;

•

-ere,

up;

concilio, -are, -avi, -atum, [con-

ing, joint

compello,

stir

provoke: hasten

compsi, comptum, [em5], arrange, comb, dress; deck, adorn

c6m5,

•

•concede, -ere, -cessi, -cessum,^(? away, come away, retire, depart; yield, grant, allow concha, -ae, f., shell; (shell used as a) trumpet [cado], concidd, -ere, -cidi, , fall together, fall down, fall

—

rage in

arched

vaulted,

offense, fault, crime

concubitus, -us, m., marriage

•••concurro, -ere, -curri or -cucurri, -cursum, run together, rush; rush to battle; (-’tgage

in

m.,

-us,

en-

[concurrd],

terrupt, break, violate

CONCOURSE, crowd, multitude • • • •

concutio,

-ere,

congelo, -are, -avi, -atum, con-

geal, freeze, grow hard congemind, -are, def., redouble congemd, -ere, -gemui, groan, sigh deeply; utter a groan congero, -ere, -gessi, -gestum, bring together, heap up; make,

-cussum,

-cussi,

[quatio], shake, smite, urge on,

push; ine;

terrify,

condensus, -a,

—

exam-

search, ransack,

alarm -um, dense,

thick,

—

learn

crowded condisco, -ere, -didici,

,

•

congredior, m.,

-oris,

founder ••condo, -ere, -didi, -ditum, found, establish, build; put away, lay up, store; lay in the tomb, bury; hide, conceal; of a weapon, bury, plunge

tle;

•

conitor,

gather;

strive,

•

once •conficid, -ere, -feci, -fectum, [faci5], cof?iplete,

wear

out,

accomplish,

fin-

•

shoot

(an

-ferum, [conus

+

•

dep., trust, trust

in,

through, TRANSFIX

sum, confess, acknowledge, -eri,

-fessus

reveal confligo, -ere, -flixi, -dictum, dash

together; fight, contend -ere,

stab, pierce,

wound

confugio, -ere, -fugi,

strain

struggle,

JOIN

together,

ally;

connect with

unite,

c.,

,

fiee for

fasten;

[coniungd],

coni-, see coll•

Conor, -ari, -atus sum, undertake, endeavor, try, attempt

conqueror, -i, -questus sum, complain, lament c5nsanguineus, -a, -um, [com + sanguis],

of the same blood; as a noun, brother^

kinsman cdnsanguinitas, -atis,

—

every

coniugium, -i,'n., [coniungo], marriage, wedlock; by metonomy, husband, wife coniungo, -ere, -iunxi, -iunctum,

kindred;

-fossum,

-fodi,

-nixus or -nisus sum,

together, conspire

hope

configo, -ere, -fixi, -fixum, pierce

-i,

husband, wife; bride; betrothed •coniuro, -are, -avi, -atum, sweat-

cdnfido, -ere, -fisus sum, semi-

confodio,

-fera,

••coniunx, coniugis,

weaken, exhaust,

destroy

• •

thrust;

nerve • • • •

c5nfestim, adv., immediately, at

[fateor],

hurl,

fero], cot