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Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ОРЕНБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

О.В. ДОСКОВСКАЯ Е.В. СИНКИНА

ОРЕНБУРГ 2003

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

Предисловие Предлагаемое учебное пособие предназначено для студентов факультета физической культуры и спорта педагогического университета. Основная цель пособия – научить читать, переводить тексты, делать краткие сообщения по темам. Тексты подобраны по изучаемой программе и соответствует уровню знаний по английскому языку для данного факультета. Пособие содержит 6 разделов, в каждом из которых имеется несколько текстов. К каждому тексту даны слова и выражения для запоминания, вопросы по содержанию текста. В первых четырех разделах после каждого текста имеются лексические упражнения, кроссворды, способствующие лучшему усвоению лексического материала и пополнению словарного запаса студентов. Тексты дают прекрасную возможность для составления устных тем и их использования на экзамене. Первый и второй разделы содержат грамматические упражнения, помогающие студентам данного факультета в доступной форме понять основы грамматического строя английского языка. Тексты последних двух разделов даны для дополнительного чтения студентов и подготовки к чтению и переводу на экзамене.

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

UNIT I.

I AM A SPORTSMAN

. ORAL TOPIC 1 About Myself I want to tell you a little about myself. My name is Boris. Now I am 21 years old. I was born in Orenburg in the teacher’s family. At the age of seven, I went to school. Being a schoolboy I began to go in for sport. I went in for different kinds of sport but I liked gymnastics best of all. I finished school and began to prepare for the entrance examinations. As I always liked sport I decided to enter the Orenburg Institute of Physical Culture. I passed my entrance exams and entered this institute. Now I am a firstyear student of the sporting faculty. At the institute I go in for different kinds of sport but my favourite sport is gymnastics. I want to become a good gymnast so I train hard. I participated in the town contest in gymnastics and took the first place. I was the champion of our town. Now I belong to one of the leading sporting societies. Words and Word Combinations I was born in Orenburg. – Я родился в Оренбурге. at the age of seven – в возрасте семи лет I passed my entrance exams. – Я сдал вступительные экзамены. I train hard. – Я упорно тренируюсь. I took the first place. – Я занял первое место. I participated in the city contest. – Я участвовал в городских соревнованиях. I belong to the sporting society. – Я состою в спортивном обществе. society – общество enter – поступать arrive – прибывать favourite – любимый participate – участвовать contest – соревнование Questions to the Oral Topic 1. Who are you? 2. What are you? 3. What is your name? 4. How old are you? 5. When were you born? 6. Where were you born? 7. What is your native city? 8. Where do you live? 9. What street do you live in? 10. Where does your family live? 11. Where do you study? 12. Do you go in for sport? 13. What kind of sport do you go in for? 14. What is your favourite kind of sport? 15. When did you finish your secondary school? 16. What sporting grade have you got? 17. What sporting society do you belong to? 18. Did you take part in any contests? 19. What contests did you participate in? 20. When did you begin to go in for sport? 21. What is your (postal) address?

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

EXERCISES

1. Train the verb to want translating the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

I want to read some newspapers today. I want to tell you a little about myself. He wants to be a good boxer. We want to go for a walk. She wants to write a letter. The girl wants to translate the text. They want to visit you.

2.Translate and learn the following verbs. 1. Enter—entered—entered 2. Begin—began—begun 3. Go—went—gone 4. Like –liked –liked 5. Finish—finished—finished 6. Prepare—prepared—prepared 7. Decide—decided –decided 8. Pass—passed—passed 9. Participate—participated—participated 10. Be—was, were—been

3.Translate the sentences using the verb to be. 1. Мне 17 лет. 2. Его брат- студент. 3. Она из Оренбурга. 4. Ее мама- инженер. 5. Ее брата зовут Борис. 6. Сейчас я –студент первого курса. 7. Наш корпус очень большой и красивый. 8. Мы студенты педагогического университета. 9. Я счастлив. 10. Он устал. 11. Она очень рада. 4.Fill in the blanks with the required forms of the verb to be in the present tense. 1. I … twenty.

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

You … thirty. They … sportsmen. She … a swimmer. He … a very good friend. We … very busy in summer. One of my friends … fond of sport. Football … the most popular kind of sport.

5.Give the Plural form of following nouns. Year ,teacher, family, school, boy, kind, city, exam, student, faculty. 6.Translate the word combinations. Teacher’s family, girl’s bag, boy’s ball, student’s book, father’s son, mother’s room, cat’s basket, friend’s flat. 7.Put the following sentences into the interrogative and negative forms. 1.He is a worker. 2. They go to school. 3.She teaches French. 4.Your sisters are in Minsk. 5. Her name is Betsy. 6. He is a doctor. 8.Fill in the blanks with the “ a” or “the”. 1. The students write … test. … test consists of five tasks. 2. My son got … bad mark at school yesterday, but … mark did not upset him. 3. We have … new student in the class. … student comes from Moscow. 4. They gave … party last night. Everybody enjoyed … party. 5. He met … girl at the disco. … girl was a wonderful dancer. 6. My uncle built … new house. … house is small but quite comfortable. 9.Narrate the text ORAL TOPIC 2 My Family I have a large family: a father, a mother, two sisters and thr ee brothers. My father is an engineer. He works at the Bolshevik plant. He likes his job very much. He is fifty one. My mother is a teacher of English at a secondary school. She is forty-four. Both of them are fond of sport. My elder sister, Vera, is a student. She is in the first year of her studies at the University. Her future speciality is Chemistry, she wants to become an engineer like our father. My younger sister, Maria, goes to school. She is in the tenth form. Her dream is to enter the Institute of Physical Culture. Both my sisters are good swimmers. They like this kind of sport very much. In summer they often go to the river together but in winter they swim in the swimming -pool.

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None of my brothers lives in Orenburg. Victor, the eldest, who is tw entyfive is in Moscow. He is a post-graduate at the Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages. He is married and has two children: a son and a daughter who are twins. My second brother, Vladimir, is a Russian Army officer. He is twenty years old and he is not married. He went in for boxing last year, but now he goes in for skiing. My younger brother Sergei is nineteen, he lives in Bratsk. He is a building worker now, but he wants to become an engineer. In his letters he writes to us about his job and about his friends. They all like skiing very much. When they have time, they play tennis too. Last winter Sergei took part in the competition in skiing and took first place. He was the champion of his city. All the members of our family like sport very much. We all, from the youngest members of our family to the oldest, do our morning exercises (our daily dozen) every day, swim in summer, ski and skate in winter. Some days ago my sister and I went to the skating-rink to skate. We had a wonderful time. There were many of our friends there and after skating we all went cinema. Sport is the best entertainment. It makes you feel strong and healthy. Notes secondary school – средняя школа he is … years old – ему … лет both of them – оба они she is in the first year of her studies – она учится на первом курсе to go to school – учиться в школе to be married – быть женатым (замужем) none of … - никто из … to go in for (sport) – заниматься, увлекаться (спортом) building worker – рабочий строитель to do the morning exercises (the daily dozen) – делать утреннюю зарядку

Questions to the Oral Topic 1. Have you a family? 2. Is it large? 3. Who is your father by profession? 4. How old is he? 5. What is his name? 6. What is your mother’s name? 7. How old is she? 8. Who is she by profession? 9. Have you grandparents? 10. Have you a sister (a brother)? 11. How old are they? 12. What are they now? 13. Where do they live?

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14. 15. 16.

Does your family like sport? What is the favourite kind of sport of your father (mother, sister, brot her)? Do you love your family?

EXERCISES 1. Translate the sentences using the verb to have in Present tense. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

У меня есть семья. У нас есть кошка. У моего друга есть сестра и брат. Я обедаю дома. У моего брата есть своя семья. У ее папы отличная работа.

2. Translate and learn following verbs. 1. Have—had—had 2. Work-- worked—worked 3. Swim—swam—swum 4. Live—lived—lived 5. Marry—married—married 6. Write—wrote—written 7. Do—did—done 8. Skate—skated—skated 9. Make—made—made 10. Want—wanted—wanted

3.Translate the Word Combinations using the Possessive Pronouns. Его брат, ее сестра, наш университет, их учеба, моя книга, твоя мама, ваши учебники. 4.Read the Numerals.  16, 20,64, 98,103,14,13,562.  1987,2000,2003,1812,1974.  Translate: Первое сентября, Девятое мая, Восьмое марта, тридцать первое декабря, второе июня, третье августа.

5.Translate the sentences. 1. My room is smaller than yours. 2. This exercise is more difficult than that. 3. This is the best story in the book.

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4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

This is the best student in the group. It is the most interesting exercise. The Volga is the longest river in Europe. The Volga is longer than the Don. My elder sister is a student.

6.Put the following sentence into the interrogative and negative forms. 1.He saw a new film yesterday. 2.He began his work early. 3. They went for a work after dinner. 4. He came home at 9. 5. You gave her a book. 6. Nick wrote a letter to his friend. 7.Put the Infinitives into the Past Simple Tense and translate the verbs. To work, to ask, to play, to stay, to study, to shave, to clean, to answer, to look, to like, to smoke, to help, to finish, to hope, to wash, to live. To drink, to sing, to swim, to sleep, to run, to begin, to meet, to feel, to read, to mean, to keep, to leave. 8.Translate the sentences using the Imperative-form. 1.Переведите предложение. 2. Запишите мой адрес.3. Приходите в 9. 4. Не ходите сегодня гулять. Погода плохая.5. Давайте позавтракаем. 6. Пойдемте кататься на лыжах. 7. Прочитайте текст. 8.Запишите домашнее задание. 9.Откройте книгу 10. Закройте окно. 5. Narrate the text.

ORAL TOPIC 3 WE ARE STUDENTS I study at the Teacher’s Training University. After finishing school I took entrance examinations, passed them and became a student. We are students of the Institute of Physical Culture and Sport. I am a first-year student. I received a student’s card and a test-book. There are 30 students in my group. We study many subjects . I like to study. I study well. I like my new friends and teachers very much. All the students of our institute began to go in for different kinds of sport before entering the institute. At the institute they get different sporting specialities. They specialise in swimming, diving, rowing, sailing, skiing, skating, figure-skating, football, basketball, volleyball, handball, tenni s, wrestling, boxing, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, weightlifting, track -and-field athletics and others. They dream of becoming first-class sportsmen and therefore they pay great attention to special training lessons in their favourite kinds of

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

sport. After graduating from the institute they become coaches and teachers of physical culture. Questions to the Oral Topic 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Where do you study? How did you become a student? Do you like to study? Did you receive a student’s card and a test- book? How many students are there in you group? When did you begin to go in for sport? What do the students specialise at the Institute in? What do they become after graduating from the Institute? EXERCISES

1.Write down the three basic forms of the following verbs and learn the m. To study, to become, to pass, to take, to receive, to like, to begin, to get, to specialise, to pay, to dream. 2.Translate the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

There are 28 students in our group. There is a table in the room. There were some people in the hall. There was a book on the desk. There are some boys in the garden. What is there on the wall? How many specialities are there in our Institute? There are many faculties in our University.

3.Translate the Word Combinations using the Adjectives many, much, few, little, a few, a little. Много садов, мало библиотек, несколько специальностей, мало студентов, несколько карандашей, много полок, мало хлеба, много чая, немного супа, мало времени. 4.Translate the sentences with the verb to like. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

I like my family very much. He likes to read books. We like to study. They like their new friends and teachers. Do you like ice-cream? Do we like to sleep? She likes her new dress.

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5.Ask questions to the underlined words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

There are 30 students in my group. I study well. He is a student. She studies at the University. They like to study.

6.Give the form of the Past Simple Tense of the following verbs and translate them. To rest, to return, to listen, to skate, to want , to greet, to translate, to need, to rent, to advise. To bring, to buy, to think, to fight, to catch, to teach, to speak, to wake, to break. 7.Ask all possible questions to the following sentences. Last year I spent my holiday in the country. I was lucky. The weather was fine, and I had a very good time. Every morning I went skating or skiing. Sometimes I played hockey with my friends. After lunch I usually rested a little and then went for a walk. When I came back home, I watched TV or listened to some music. 8. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the Modal verbs. 5. He can play tennis. 2. We can come tomorrow. 3. He cannot swim. 4.You may take my book. 5. May I help you? 6. May I come in ? 7. You must help your friend. 8. You mustn’t do it .9. You should help Pete.10. I have to go. 11. He must go to school.12. Can you swim? 13. You ought to help your friends. 14. We need to come to the stadium on Sunday morning.15. I am to take part in tommorow’s competition. 9. Translate into English using the Modal verbs. 1.Вы можете читать по-английски? 2. Я могу писать по-немецки.3. Вы можете говорить по-русски. 4. Я не умею плавать. 5. Она не может быстро бегать. 6. Ты должен помочь своей сестре. 7.Можно мне прийти в 10 часов? 8.Я должен поговорить с yчителем. 9. Я должна идти домой. 10. Они могут взять мои журналы. 10.Narrate the text.

ORAL TOPIC 4 MY WORKING DAY

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I am a student . I study at the Institute of Physical culture and sport. I study hard. I wake up at 6 and put on my sportswear. I jog every mornin g in the park and do physical exercises in the open air. Then I go home. In the bathroom I wash, shave and clean my teeth. Then I dress. I put on my suit, shirt and shoes. At half past 7 I go to the kitchen. I have breakfast. For breakfast I have tea, bread and butter and bacon and eggs. During breakfast I listen to the radio. After the breakfast I put my books, my sportswear into my sport bag , put on my coat and hat and go to the Institute. I go there by bus. I get to my Institute at 9. I greet my friends and teachers. We study many subjects. We train in our sport complex. At 14 I have a dinner. I am a boxer. At 15 I must be by my training. I train hard. Boxing is the kind of sports for real men. I have been going in for boxing since my childhood. It makes me healthy and strong. Boxing helps me in my daily life. I like this kind of sports very much. I read a lot of books about it and watch TV programs. After training I go home. At 19 I have a supper. Then I rest, do my homework, watch TV, read some books or newspapers. I visit my friends or speak to my parents. At 23 I go to bed. Questions to the Oral Topic. 1. When do you wake up? 2. Do you jog in the morning? 3. Where do you wash? 4. When do you have breakfast ,(dinner, supper)? 5. What do you put into the bag? 6. Where do you go after breakfast? 7. How do you get to the Institute? 8. When do you get there? 9. What do you do at the Institute? 10. What is you sport speciality? 11. Do you train hard? 12. What is boxing for you? 13. What do you do in the evening? 14. At what time do you go to bed?

EXERSICES

1.Give three forms of the following verbs, translate and learn them. To study, to wake, to put, to jog, to do, to go, to wash , to shave, to clean, to dress, to have, to listen, to greet, to train, to make, to help, to read , to rest, to watch, to visit, to speak.

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2.Ask questions to the underlined words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

He wakes up at 7. After breakfast he goes to his college. He gets there by bus. He puts on his coat. I greet my friends. She reads English books. He rests after dinner.

3.Ask questions to the Subjects. 1. 2. 3. 4.

The teacher asks questions. Ann cleans the rooms after breakfast. We watch TV after dinner. Nick goes to the library after classes.

4.Translate .     

На столе, в столе, со стола, из стола, в стол, за столом В портфеле, в портфель, из портфеля На уроке, на урок До обеда, после обеда, во время обеда До занятий, после занятий.

5.Translate the following questions and answer them. 1. Вы встаете рано? 2. Вы обедаете дома? 3. Он изучает английский? 4. Когда вы просыпаетесь? 5. Когда он завтракает? 6. Что вы слушаете во время завтрака? 7. Какие книги вы читаете? 8. Вы встаете в 7 или в 8? 9. Он едет туда на автобусе или на машине? 10. Том ложится спать в 9 или в10? 6.Translate the text . Pay attention to the Future Simple Tense. My Day Off I will not go to my office tomorrow. I’ll have a day off. I hope I’ll have a good time. I’ll wake up later than usual and do morning exercises. Then I’ll have breakfast. If the weather is good, I’ll go for a walk after breakfast. If the weather is bad , I’ll stay at home. I’ll read some books, newspapers and magazines. If the

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program is good, I’ll watch TV. In the evening some friends will come to see me. I’ll be very glad. 7.Put the sentenses of the text “ My Day Off” into Interrogative and Negative or Positive forms. 8.Narrate the text “ My Working Day” . 9.Talk about your working day using the verbs in the Present Simple Tense. 10.Narrate the text “ My Day Off”. 11.Talk about your day off using the verbs in the Future Simple Tense. ORAL TOPIC 5 Our Training We study at the Orenburg Institute of Physical Culture. The students of our institute take up different kinds of sport. They train in different places: gymnasts in the gymnasium, basketball, volleyball and handball players — on the indoor and outdoor sports grounds or in sports halls, tennis players—on the tennis courts, track-and-field athletes usually train on the stadiums in the open air though in winter they sometimes have their training in the indoor halls. Boxers practise in the boxing halls, footballers — on the stadiums, fencers — in the fencing halls, cyclists — on the highway or cycling tracks and swimmers naturally train in the swimming-pools. Three times a week, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, we have special training lessons. As a rule, each training lasts about 3 hours after which we take a warm shower. Every training session begins with a warming-up period which lasts about 20 minutes. It consists of slow running for about half a mile, then fast running for about a quarter mile. Next the sportsmen do a few exercises which depend on the event to be practised. After the warming-up we rest for about 5 minutes before we start practising. The warmup of the body is very important. It helps to prevent pulled muscles. We train according to the trainer's instructions.

The aim of our training is to perfect our sporting skill. The coach pays great attention to mastering technique, tactics and the main elements of this or that kind of sport. Sometimes we train with a team or a partner. We perform different exercises and get ready for contests. The aim of our training is to perfect our sporting skill.

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Words and Word Combinations to take up sport — заниматься спортом three times a week — три раза в неделю to take a shower — принимать душ We train according to the trainer's instruction. — Мы тренируемся в соответствие с инструкцией тренера. The coach pays great attention to mastering technique. — Тренер уделяет большое внимание овладению техникой. To prevent pulled muscles — предотвращать растяжение мышц warming-up — разминка gymnasium — гимнастический зал highway — шоссе cycling track — велотрек to last — длиться slow — медленный fast — быстрый to perfect — совершенствовать skill — мастерство Questions to the Oral Topic 1.How often do you have your training? 2. Who is your coach? 3. What is your coach? 4. How many times a week do you train? 5. Where do you train? 6. When do you attend your special-training lessons? 7. Have you a coach or do you train by yourself? 8. Do you take a shower after your training? 9. What shower do you take, warm or cold? 10. How long does your training last? 11. What do you begin your training with? 12. How long do you warm-up? 13. What does your warm-up consist of? 14. What do you practise while training? 15. Who trains you? 16. What is the aim of your training?

EXERCISES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.         

Read the text. Translate the text using the Vocabulary. Answer the questions. Pick out all of the verbs and give the three basic forms of them. Ask questions to the text: 5 general questions 5 alternative questions 5 disjunctive questions 5 special questions 5 special questions to the subjects.

6. Translate into English using the Future Simple Tense. Я буду учиться в институте. Он будет тренироваться. У меня будет свой тренер. Она примет душ после тренировки.

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   

Они пойдут завтра в спортивный зал. Вы будете тренироваться четыре раза в неделю. Я буду отдыхать вечером. Он будет бегать каждое утро. 7.Translate the nouns into English and give the Plural-form of them. Студент, тренировка, спортсмен, спортсменка, зал, неделя, тренер, утро, день, форма, институт, университет, год, книга, время.

8. Narrate the text. 9. Talk about your own training.

UNIT II . SPORT IN OUR LIFE

OPAL TOPIC 1 The Man The ´human ´body con ´sists of the ´following’ main  parts: a  head, a  torso and  limbs. Our ´head is the ´centre of ´all bodily ac tivity. The  forehead, the  eyes, the  eyebrows and the  eyelashes, the  nose, the  mouth, the  cheeks and the  chin ´make the  face. The ´mouth con´sists of two  lips,  teeth and a  tongue. The eyes and the ´ears are ´ very im ´portant  organs. We ´see with our  eyes and we ´hear with our  ears. The ´main ´parts of the torso are the chest, the shoulders, the blades, the back, the waist and the hips. The leg con’sists of a thigh, a calf a knee, a shin, an ankle and a foot. The foot in its turn con´sists of a heel, a sole, an instep, a ball and toes. The arm con´sists of an upper-arm, an elbow, a forearm and a hand. The ´wrist is the joint which u´nites the arm with the hand. The ´hand con´sists of a palm, a ´back of the hand, ´four fingers (fore finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger) and a thumb. The ´surest ´way to ´keep fit is to go in for ´sport all our life. So ´let’s ‘make it our motto. Words and Word Combinations to consists of – состоять из the surest way to keep fit – верный путь быть здоровым и бодрым human – человеческий

tooth – зуб tongue – язык lip – губа cheek – щека

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marvel – чудо torso – туловище limb – конечность forehead – лоб eye – глаз eyebrow – бровь waist – талия thigh – бедро calf – икра (ноги) knee – колено shin – голень ankle – лодыжка heel – пятка sole – подошва instep – подъем toe – палец на ноге ball – подушечка пальца eyelash – ресничка

chin – подбородок face – лицо ear – ухо chest – грудная клетка shoulder – плечо blade – лопатка back – спина arm-pits – подмышки elbow – локоть forearm – предплечье hand – рука (кисть) wrist – запястье joint – сустав palm – ладонь finger – палец (руки) thumb – большой палец руки motto – девиз mouth – рот Questions to the Oral Topic

1.What main parts does the body consist of? 2. What are the main parts of the torso? 3. What does the leg consist of? 4. What makes the face? 5. Name the parts of the leg, the foot, the arm, the hand. 6. What is the surest way to keep fit?

1.Translate the words from the first group using the second group. 1.to consist of, human, torso, limb, face, ear, knee, eye, heel, waist, calf, chin, cheek, chest, back, hand, mouth, palm, tongue. 2.рот, туловище, состоять из, лицо, язык, ухо, конечность, ладонь, глаз, икра, подбородок, пятка, талия, щека, рука, грудная клетка, спина, колено, человеческий. 2.Make up sentences using the text and translate them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Of, activity,the centre, our head, all, is,bodily. Teeth, a tongue, lips, two, consists of, and, the mouth. Organs, important, very, the eyes, are, the ears, and. To go in for sport, the surest way, is, to keep fit. A hand, and, the arm, an upperarm, consists of, a forearm, an elbow. A palm, the hand, a back of the hand, consists of, and, a thumb, four finger, middle finger, fore finger, little finger, ring finger.

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3.Complete the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

The The The The The The The The

main parts of human body are ……………….. . face consists of ……………… . mouth consists of ………… main parts of the torso are ……………. . leg consists of ……… . foot consists of ………… . arm consists of …………. . hand consists of ………… .

4.Retell the text. 5.Pick out of the text all the verbs and write down their three basic forms. 6. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the Continuous Tenses. 1. I am working now. I was working when he came in. He will be working when she comes. 2. What are you doing now? What were you doing at 11 yesterday? What will you be doing when he comes? 3. When I came they were cleaning the house. She is cleaning the house today. I will be cleaning the house tommorow. 7. Put the following sentences into interrogative and negative forms. 1.She is reading a book now. 2. He was writing sonething when I came. 3. At 4 they will be working at their English. 4. She was having dinner from 4 till 5. 5. I am going to help him. 8.Ask questions to the underlined words. 1.Nick is having dinner. 2. Ann is listening to music. 3. Nell is looking at the picture. 4. They will be reading a magazine. 5. My sister was sleeping when I left the house. 6. They were talking about sport. 9.Translate the sentences using the Continuous tenses. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Что вы делаете сейчас? Она слушает музыку. Они будут делать домашнее задание, когда вы прейдете. Когда я вошел в комнату, мои друзья танцевали. С трех до четырех они играли в теннис. Я буду обедать в четыре часа. Я играю в футбол с моими друзьями. Они разговаривали об этом весь день. Что вы собираетесь делать в воскресенье?

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10.

Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the Modal verbs.

1.You shouldn't smoke in the classroom.2.We can help you.3.I can do this work myself. 4. You may take any book you like. 5. She can swim. 6. You may swim in the river. 7. May I have another cup of tea? 8. I must do my exercises. 9. I can buy a dictionary for you. 10. He must be at the Institute at 9 o'clock. 11. You may come in. 12. We must go home before it get dark.

ORAL TOPIC 2 SPORTS Sport is an exiting creative sphere of hard work and competition. It’s a sphere where men and women want to surpass themselves. In sport everyone seeks answers to his own problems. Not without reason do people say that sport is a world of its own and it can’t mean the same to everybody. People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keeps them fit. We know that there is a sound mind in a sound body. Sport makes a person’s character. It’s good for moral development as well. It’s a way to meet other people, even people from other countries. There a re no social differences in sport. Everybody is equal. Sport teaches us how to lose as well as to win. Many people do sports on their personal initiative. They go in for skiing, skating, tennis, swimming, volleyball, football, body-building, etc. All the necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sports grounds, swimming pools, skating rinks, football fields. Sport is paid much attention to in our educational establishments. There are different sporting societies. Clubs and complexes in our republic. The most famous of them are the Olympic complexes “Raubichi”, “Staiki”, “Dinamo” stadium, etc. They are used for international and world competitions. They were built for the 22 nd Olympic Games which took place in 1980. Everybody chooses a kind of sports he or she is interested in. Every week thousands of people do sports and millions watch sports programmes on TV, read sport news in newspapers and listen to sport reports on the radio. As for me, I like sports too, though in theory at present. When I w as a junior pupil I went in for sports. I liked swimming, so I went to the swimming pool every day. You know how it always happens when you grow up. The habits gradually change and at present I hardly do sports seriously. Though from time to time I do my morning exercises. But I am sure if you want to keep fit you must go in for sports because sport makes people strong, healthy and optimistic.

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Vocabulary competition creative development equal facilities gradually habit healthy keep fit mean mould provide reason seriously sphere surpass to be fond of

соревнование творческий развитие равный возможности, средства постепенно привычка здоровый сохранять форму значить формировать снабжать, обеспечивать причина серьезно сфера, поле деятельности превосходить любить

1.Find in the text russian equivalents of the following sentences. 1. Не без основания люди говорят, что спорт является миром в себе и не может значить одно и тоже для каждого. 2. Мы знаем, что в здоровом теле ---здоровый дух. 3. Спорту уделяется большое внимание в наших учебных заведениях. 4. Каждую неделю тысячи людей занимаются спортом, а миллионы смотрят спортивные программы по телевидению, читают спортивные новости в газетах и слушают спортивные репортажи по радио. Если вы хотите сохранить форму, вы должны заниматься спортом, так как спорт делает человека сильным, здоровым и оптимистичным.

2.Complete the sentences using the text. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Sport is a ……where men and women want to …… themselves. Sport ….. a person’s ….. . It’s good for moral …… . There are different sporting ……, ……. And ….. in our republic. The habits ….. change and at present I …. Do sports ….. .

3.Finish the sentences using the following variants 1.Sport is an exiting, creative sphere of

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 our every day life  hard work and competition  records and competition 2. Sport teaches us how  to make friends  to spend our time  to lose as well as to win. 3.Many people do sports  on their personal initiative  because they want to surpass themselves  because they have nothing else to do. 4.Sport complexes are used for  school sport events  local competitions  international and world competitions.

4.Answer the questions.

1. 2. 3. 4.

What is sport? Why do people go in for sports? What facilities are provided for sportsmen? Are there different sporting societies , clubs and complexes in your city ? What are they? 5. Do you like sport? 1. Do you go in for sports? 2. Do you agree that people must go in for sports? 3. Разделите текст на смысловые части и подберите к ним названия. 4. Расположите пункты плана согласно логике. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I like sport. What is sport? The necessary facilities for doing sport. Sport in my country. The reasons to go in for sports.

5.Pick out of the text “Sports” all the verbs and give the three basic forms of them.

6.Read and translate the text. It will help you to answer better.

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SPORT AND A HEALTHY MODE OF LIFE Sport is very important in our life. It is popular among young and old people. Many people do morning exercises, jog in the morning, train themselves in clubs, in different sections and take part in sport competitions. Other people like sports too, but they only watch sports games, listen to sports news. They prefer reading interesting stories about sportsmen. But they don't go in for sports. Physical training is an important subject at school. Pupils have got physical training lessons twice a week. Boys and girls play volley-ball and basket-ball at the lessons. There is a sportsground near our school and school-children go in for sports in the open air. A lot of different competitions are held at schools, a great number of pupils take part in them. All participants try to get good results and become winners. Sport helps people to keep in good health. If you go in for sports, you have good health and don't catch cold. Children and grown-ups must take care of their health and do morning exercises regularly. There are some popular kinds of sports in our country: football, volley-ball, hockey, gymnastics, skiing, skating. Athletics is one of the most popular kinds of sports. It includes such kinds of sports as running, jumping and others. Everybody may choose the sport he (or she) is interested in. There are summer and winter sports. My favourite sport is swimming. I go to the swimming-pool twice a week. But I prefer to rest by the lake or the river and swim there. My friend Kostya goes in for boxing. He is a good boxer and he is a brave and courageous boy. His hobby helps him in his everyday life. WORDS 1. section — секция 2. go in for sports — заниматься спортом 3. jog — бегать трусцой 4. participant — участник 5. catch cold — простужаться 6. courageous — смелый 7. in the open air — на свежем воздухе 9. include — включать QUESTIONS 1. Do you do your morning exercises every day? 2. Is it important for children and grown-ups to take care of their health? 3. Are a lot of different competitions held at schools? 4. Do you go in for sports? 5. Are there any popular kinds of sports in our country? What are they?

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6. What is your favourite sport? 7. Where do you prefer to rest? 8. Do your friends go in for sports? 9. Do you like winter or summer sports? 10. Your hobbies are connected with sports, aren't they?

7.Talk about sport in your life. 8.Find the right equivalent of following sentences. Pay attention to the Present Perfect Tense. I have just spoken to him. I have already spoken to him. I have never spoken to him. I have not spoken to him yet. Have you ever spoken to him? I have not spoken to him sinse Monday.

Я никогда не говорил с ним. Я еще с ним не говорил. Я только что поговорил с ним. Я уже поговорил с ним. Я не разговаривал с понедельника Вы когда-либо разговаривали с ним?

9.Translate into Russian. 1.I have broken my pencil. 2. Has the teacher come? 3. I have just opened the window. 4. I have not written my exercise. 5. My father has gon e to Moscow. 6. We have built hundreds of new schools in Moscow. 7. I have not read this book.8. I have seen this film three times. 9. She has finished her work. 1.We had translated the article by 5 o’clock. 2. By the end of the year he had learnt to speak French. 3. We had finished our work when he came. 4. He bought a new watch yesterday as he had lost his old one.5 After the sun had set, we decided to return home. 6. They had gone to bed when we came. 1.We shall have translated the article by 5 o’clock. 2. I shall have finished this work if you come at 7. 3. He will have copied the text by 4 o’clock. 10.Train the Present Perfect Tense.  Put the following sentences into the negative and intrrogative forms. 1.I have won two medals in the international tournament. 2. All our sportsmen have taken part in the competition.3. They have done their exercises. 4. We have had our training to-day. 5. They have trained much this year.  Ask questions to the underlined words.

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1.We have done all the exercises which you gave us. 2. They have already started. 3. I have always lived in Moscow. .4. He has spoken to the coach to-day. 5. I have always liked skating.  1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Translate into English. Где Анна?- Она только что ушла на стадион. Когда он уезжает?- Он только что уехал. Она уже сделала домашнее задание?- Да, сделала. Тебе понравилась книга?- Я ее еще не прочитал. Я приехал из Москвы час назад.

11. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the Past and Future Perfect Tenses. 1.The sportsman had done all the exercise before the coach returned. 2. We had finished our training by 5 o’clock in the evening. 3. We had finished the game when you came. 4 . The ship had not left yet when they came to the river. 5. I had not seen her before you came. 6. The train had already left by the time John arrived. 1.I shall have read all the papers by that time. 2. You will have translated all the articles before I come. 3. They will have finished their training by 7 o’clock. 4. We shall have read all these books before you take them. 5. They will have finished the game before it begins to rain. 6. She will have cooked dinner when the children come from school.

12.Translate into English using the Past or Future Perfect Tenses. 1.Они уже сделали эту работу , когда ты пришел. 2. Мы закончи ли играть до того, как начался дождь. 3. Вчера к 3 часам дня я уже сделал все уроки. 4.Он уже прочел газету, когда прозвенел звонок. 5.Когда пришел тренер, мы уже выполнили все упражнения. 6. Студенты закончили тренировку к 10 часам вечера. 1.Я прочту эту книгу до того, как ты вернешься. 2. Он уже установит новый рекорд, пока ты придешь на стадион. 3. Спортсмены уже сделают все упражнения к 10 часам. 4. Она приготовит ужин, когда ты придешь домой. 5. К тому времени она уже будет в Москве. 6. Он пробежит это расстояние к 2 часам дня.

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ORAL TOPIC 3 My Favourite Sportsman MICHAEL JORDAN is American professional basketball player. He is often considered the greatest player in the history of the game. He led the National Basketball Association (NBA) Chicago Bulls to five championships. Jordan was born on the 17 th of February, 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. He grew up in Wilmington, N.C., and entered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1981. As a freshman, he made the winning basket in the 1982 national championship game. Jordan was named College Player of the Year in both his sophomore and junior years. He left North Carolina after his junior year. Two times Jordan led the U.S. basketball team to Olympic gold medals in 1984 in Los Angeles and in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. In 1984 Jordan was drafted by the Chicago Bulls. In his first season as a professional (1984-1985), he led the league in scoring and was named Rookie of the Year. He missed the following season because of an injury. When he returned, he was again a success, scoring 32 points per game. He was only the second player (after Wilt Chamberlain) to score 3,000 points in a single season (1986-1987). Jordan was named the NBA’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) four times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996) and was also named Defensive Player of the Year in 1988. In October 1993 Jordan retired briefly to pursue a career in professional baseball. But in 1995 he returned to basketball again. In the 1995 -1996 season Jordan led the Bulls to a regular season record, the best in the history of the NBA. The following season he won his fifth championship with the Bulls and was named MVP of the NBA Finals. At 1.98 m, Jordan, a guard, was an exceptionally talented shooter and passer and a tenacious defender. His nickname is “Air Jordan” because of his extraordinary leaping ability and the acrobatic manoeuvres he used to evade defenders as he approached the basket. Vocabulary approach υ. consider υ. defender υ. draft υ. evade υ. freshman guard injury league leaping ability manoeuvre nickname passer

Приближаться, подходить Считать Защитник Производить отбор, выделять Ускользать, обходить студент-первокурсник защитник травма лига прыгучесть маневр прозвище передающий

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pursue retire rookie score shooter sophomore tenacious

преследовать уйти новичок набирать очки забивающий студент-второкурсник цепкий, крепкий, упорный

1.Find in the text the russian equivalents of the following sentences. 1. Его часто считают величайшим игроком в истории баскетбола. 2. Два раза приводил Джордан американскую сборную по баскетболу к олимпийским золотым медалям. 3. Он был вторым после Уилта Чемберлена, кто выиграл 3000 очков в одном сезоне. 4. В октябре 1993 года Джордан на короткое время ушел из баскетбола в профессиональный бейсбол.

2.Complete the sentences using the text. 1. As a …… ,he made the winning basket in the 1982 national championship game. 2. In 1984 Jordan was ………. By the Chicago Bulls. 3. He missed the following season because of an …… . 4. At 1.98 metre , Jordan ,a …………. , was an exceptionally talented shooter and …….. and a tenatious …… .

3.Answer the quesstions.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

What is Michael Jordan? When and where was he born? When did he make his winning basket as a freshman? How many times did Jordan win the Olympic gold medals? When was he drafted by the Chicago Bulls? Was he a successful player? Can you name his titles? Why did he retire in October 1993?

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9. When did Jordan lead the Bulls to the best season record in the hist ory of the NBA? 10. Why is Michael called “Air Jordan”?

4.Talk about Michael Jordan is an outstanding basketball-player. 5.Talk about your favourite sportsman. 6.Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the Passive Voice. 1. He trains these sportsmen.These sportsmen are trained by him. 2. Your coach trained these sportsmen. These sportsmen were trained by your coach. 3. His coach will train these sportsmen. These sportsmen will be trained by his coach. 4. The students rewrite English texts. English texts are rewritten by the students. 5. He wrote the story. The story was written by him. 6. The children will write the test-work. The test-work will be written by the children. 7.Use the corresponding Passive Constructions. 1.Students read these books. 2. She wrote the story. 3. Everyone hears the noise. 4 . Children enjoy ice hockey 5. These workers built a number of houses last year. 6. These girls will play handball tomorrow. 7. The best coach will train your team. 8.Use the corresponding Active Constructions. 1.These newspapers are read mostly by sportsmen. 2. New records were broken at the Olimpic Games. 3. The book was written by a young writer. 4. The news was published by all papers.5. The football match will be watched by millions of fans. 9.Use the corresponding Passive Constructions. Pay attention to the Modal verbs. 1.Anybody can play volleyball. 2. You must finish the work in two weeks. 3. You can find the book in the library. 4. You can play handball either indoors or outdoors. 5. You must read this. 6. Students must return the books to the library. 7. Anybody can do these exercises. 10.Translate into English.

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1.Эта статья должна быть прочитана всей группой. 2. Его послали в Москву на соревнование. 3. Эти упражнения должны быть сделаны всеми. 4. Прошлую игру выиграли наши спортсмены. 5. Новое здание будет построено в следующем году. 6.Майкл Джордан родился в 1963 году. 7. Письмо было написано мною вчера.

ORAL TOPIC 4

WHAT MAKES ALL PEOPLE KIN People all over the world are very fond of sports and games. That is one thing in which people of every nationality and class are united. The most popular outdoor winter sports are shooting, hunting, hockey and, in the countries where the weather is frosty and there is much snow –skating, skiing and tobogganing, some people greatly enjoy figure-skating and skijumping. Summer affords excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, yachting cycling gliding and many other sports. Among outdoor games football takes the first place in public interest; this game is played in all the countries of the world. The other games that have firmly estalished themselves in favour in different countries are golf, lawn-tennis, cricket, volleyball, basket-ball, and so on. Badminton is also very popular. All the year round many people indulge in boxing, wrestling, athletics gymnastics and track field events. Scores of young girls and women go in for callisthenics. Among indoor games the most popular are billiards, table-tennis, draughts and some others, but the great international game is chess, of course. The results of chess tournaments are studied and discussed by thousands of enthusiasts in different countries. So we may say that sport is one of the things that makes all people kin. 1.Найдите в квадрате с русскими буквами 16 названий видов спорта ,а в квадрате с английскими буквами 15 названий. Искать только по вертикали и горизонтали.

О п р с т у ф х

к г и м н а с т

р с г я а м л е

и о о х с о ы х

к л р т т р ж н

е н е с а н и и

т ц к п ю в к г

в е л о с п о р

с о г р о м с е

о х о т а б т б

к о г е м о ы л

о к о н ь к и я

р к л н м с к о

с е ь и у с а р

т й ф с ш а ш к

ш а х м а т ы с

y c r i c k e t

a o i u y p g z

c d g b b o a t

h r b a z r s c

t a l d j s t h

i u n m s k a t

n g m i i i u m

g h u n t i n g

a t y t l n f n

c s w o m g o l

d i v n n o h o

f o o t b a l l

t o b o g g a n

y g e i n k c h

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у ч ш

и к а

н п щ

о л ъ

с а с

о в т

а а р

т н е

л и л

е е ь

т я б

и а а

к б ы

а ц ь

и г э

ы ч 16

s s i

w t o

i n g

m v m

m w n

i n g

n b l

g o i

p x d

f i i

q n n

q g g

2.Прочитайте задания и решите кроссворд. 1.That kind of sports may be lawn and table. 2.That thing makes all people kin. 3.Sportsmen can not go in for … without animals. 4.Football and … are the most popular games in England. 5.Without yacht you can not go in for … . 6.This game is played by tall men. 7.This game is played on the desk for chess. 8.This sport is for real men. The time consists of 3-12 rounds. 9.People go in for … in the sky. 10.This sport is more beautiful than skating. 11.Some people say, that this table-game is not a real kind of sports. 12.We can go in for … in the river, sea, lake, ocean and so on. 13.Scores of young girls and women like … . 14.We do it in our life every day, but some sportsmen go in for ….. professionally. (indoor kind of sport) *

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1. 2. 3. 4.

In winter we can go in for ……. . In summer we can go in for …… . The indoor sports and games are …….. . The outdoor sports and games are…….. .

4.Pick out of the text all the verbs and give the three basic forms of them. 5.Retell the text.

6.Read the dialogue and translate it.

SPORTS AND GAMES POPULAR IN ENGLAND -

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What would you say are the most popular games in England today? Well, I suppose football, that is, soccer or rugger, and cricket. What are the other outdoor games? Oh, there’s tennis, hockey, golf, and so on. Tennis is played all the year round-on hard courts or grass courts in summer, and on hard or covered courts in winter. What about horse-racing? I should say that is one of the most popular sports in Great Britain. Then there are, of course, walking-races, running, swimming and boxing. I’ve been told that there are no winter sports in England. Well, you see, the England winter isn’t very severe as a rule, and we don’t often have a chance of skiing, skating or tobogganing, but winter is the great time for hunting, provided the ground is not too hard. Is there any golf to be held near London? Oh, yes, any amount. There are dozen of good golf-links within an hour or so of London. You ought to join a golf club if you’re keen on the game. I think I shall if I get the chance. What about indoor games? Well, there’s chess, billiards, cards, table tennis… By the way, do you play billiards? Well, I do, but of course, I’m not a professional or a champion, just an ordinary amateur, and not a very good one at that.

7.Use The Past Indefinite and Future Indefinite Passive. Model: These letters are sent to Moscow. These letters were sent to Moscow. These letters will be sent to Moscow. 1.These playgrounds are used by our team. 2. This competition is held in our town . 3. The last goal is scored by the forward. 4.The court is divided by net.

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8.Put questions to the parts in bold type. 1. The students are given much work. 2. These letters will be sent to Orenburg at the end of this month. 3. These rackets were made in our country. 4. Thse playgrounds are used by our teams. 5. This chess tournament will be held in Moscow. 9.Insert prepositions by or with. 1.The playgrounds are covered … snow. 2. The first goal was s cored … the forward. 3. The sky is covered … clouds. 4. The letter was written … me … a very bad pen. 5. His sportground is used … our team. 10.Put the following questions into the interrogative and negative forms. 1.Our University was established in 1930. 2. The 22th Olympic Games were held in Moscow. 3. Sports equipment is made in Germany. 4. This book is used by our students. 5. The USA is washed by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

UNIT III. SPORT IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES ORAL TOPIC I. SPORTS IN GREAT BRITAIN TEXT I Sport, Hobbies Great Britain is a sport-loving nation. Many people, old and young, go in for sport. Some people do it for pleasure and relaxation, others make it a profession or business. The most popular games in Great Britain are football in winter and cricket in summer. Among other open-air games are tennis, golf, basket-ball and volley-ball. Various forms of athletics are very popular too, such as running, jumping, swimming and rowing. Some people are fond of hunting and fishing. In Great Britain one has practically no chance to go skiing, so those who can afford it go abroad for winter sports. They go to Norway or to Sweden, where winter is more severe and there is enough snow. The most popular indoor games are chess, billiards and cards. Indeed, sport plays an important part in the daily life of many English people. Dialogues 1. You like cricket, don't you? I like to watch it, but unfortunately I can't play it.

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I am sorry for you. It's a wonderful game. 2. What team are you rooting for? I am rooting for Chelsea. Me too. 3. -Which team won the game? -Arsenal did. -Wonderful! What was the score? -Three to nil. 4. -How did the match end? - It ended in a draw. 5. -Do you know the news? Chelsea has lost the game. -You don't say so! 6. -I am going to take part in the competition. -I wish you good luck. -Thank you. 7. -What do you like to do in your spare time? -Oh, I have many hobbies. I like to collect stamps (coins), to take pictures and to paint. In good weather I like to work in the garden and grow flowers. 8.- Switch over to channel 1. They are showing the world championship. -I am going to see it by all means. 10. -They 'are showing a football match on channel 2. - Let's switch on the TV set. 11. -I can't get a clear picture on the screen. -Just a moment. I'll fix it. 12. -How do you find the program? - I don't like it at all. -Let's switch off the TV set.

hobby love nation go in for sport sportsman sportswoman

VOCABULARY любимое занятие, хобби любить, любовь нация заниматься спортом спортсмен спортсменка

for pleasure game

для удовольствия игра

open-air games

игра на открытом воздухе

indoor games athletics

игра в помещении атлетика

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jump прыгать row грести hunt охотиться fish рыбачить so поэтому, таким образом he can afford to buy it. он может позволить купить себе это. go abroad ехать за границу enough snow (tea, etc.) достаточно снега (чая и т. д.) play an important role играть важную роль daily ежедневно fortunately к счастью unfortunately к несчастью watch a game смотреть игру I am sorry for you. мне жаль вас. team команда root for болеть за win, won win the game выиграть игру lose, lost lose the game проиграть игру what's the score? – какой счет the score is 3 to 0 (nil). счет 3-0. how did the match end? как закончился матч the match ended in a draw матч закончился вничью. you don't say so! не может быть! competition соревнование spare time свободное время collect собирать stamps марки coins монеты show smth. on TV показывать ч.-л. по ТВ switch on включать switch off выключать switch over to переключать на by all means непременно get a clear picture on the screen получить четкое изображение на экране fix smth. наладить ч.-л.

EXERCISES 1 Read the text. 2. Retell the text.. \ 3. Read the dialogues and learn them. 4.Answer the questions. 1. Do you go in for sport? -What winter sports do you like best? Have you ever taken part in competitions? Do you like to watch football matches on TV? When did you watch a football match last? What team were you rooting for? What team won the game?

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What was the score? 2.What do you like to do in your spare time? (What are your hobbies?) Some people like to collect stamps, coins or pictures. And what about you? 3. Have you ever played cricket or golf? Are these games popular in Russia? What are the most popular games in Russia? 5. Translate into Russian. 1. Walking in the park in good weather was very pleasant. 2. The SU is interested in developing trade with Great Britain. 3. They stopped working and had a short rest. 4. Switch off the TV set before going to bed. 5. I think of going to the sea-side for my summer holiday. 6. She didn't like talking about herself. 7. After resting a little they continued working. 6.Translate into English. 1. - Какие виды спорта вам нравятся больше всего? - Летом я люблю плавать и играть в волейбол, а зимой я люблю ходить на лыжах. 2. - За какую команду вы болеете? - Я болею за "Спартак". 3. - Вы смотрели вчера матч? - Да. И я очень рад, что "Спартак" выиграл. - Какой был счет? ' -3:2. 4. - Что вы любите делать в свое свободное время? -Летом я люблю работать в саду. Зимой я люблю ходить в театр и на выставки. 5.-Включите, пожалуйста, телевизор. - С удовольствием. 6. - Переключите на вторую программу. Показывают чемпионат мира. - Я бы тоже хотел его посмотреть. 7. - Как вам нравится программа? - Она мне не нравится. - Давайте выключим телевизор. TEXT II

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Sport in Great Britain

England is a sports-loving nation. Sports in England take many forms: organized sports, which attract huge crowds to encourage their favourite team to victory, athletic games played for recreation and others. Some sports are called spectator sports, when the number of spectators is greater than the number of people playing in the game. Over sports are called participant, sports attracting large crowds only on special occasions such as tournaments. The game peculiarly associated with England is cricket. Many other games too are English in origin, but have been accepted with enthusiasm in other countries; cricket has been seriously and extensively accepted only in the Commonwealth, partlcularly in Australia, India, Pakistan. Cricket is slow, and a spectator, sitting in the afternoon sun after his lunch, may be excused for having a little sleep for half an hour. Cricket is making no progress in popularity .Association football or soccer is very popular. Nearly 49 million spectators each year attend matches between the great professional teams organized by the Football League. The biggest event in England is the Cup Final played at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, in a London suburb. Rugby football is played with an egg-shaped ball which may be carried and thrown (but not forward). Rugby is played mainly by the amateurs. The games of golf and tennis are played by great numbers of people. Golf is played in the countryside. It consists in driving a small ball towards and into holes separated by considerable distances, by means of special «golf clubs». The aim is to go round using as few strokes as possible. There are many tennis clubs, but every town provides tennis courts in public parks. The world championship tennis matches are held at Wimbledon in London, during June and July. Next to football, the chief spectator sport in Britain is horse-racing. A lot of people are interested in the races and risk money on the horse which they think will win. Britain is also famous for motor-car racing, boat-racing, dog-racing, and even races for donkeys. The famous boat-race between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge attracts large crowds of people. Various forms of athletics, such as running, boxing, jumping, swimming are wide-spread in England. The English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or toboggan, but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing, Indeed sport in one form another forms an essential part of daily life in Britain.

sports-loving nation organized sports

Topical Vocabulary: нация любителей спорта организованный спорт

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to attract crowds привлекать большое кол-во зрителей to encourage one's favourite team to victory болеть за любимую команду an athletic game спортивная игра to playa game for recreation играть во что-либо ради отдыха a spectator sport . «зрительский» вид спорта a participant sport массовый вид спорта a tournament турнир cricket крикет to be English in origin быть английским по происхождению to be accepted with enthusiasm приниматься с энтузиазмом the Commonwealth Британское Содружество to make no progress in popularity не становится более популярным association football (soccer) традиционный футбол to attend matches посещать матч the Cup Final Финал Кубка rugby football (rugger) регби an amateur любитель golf гольф a golf club клюшка в гольфе a stroke удар a world championship match матч чемпионата мира to be held проводиться horse-racing скачки to risk money on the horse поставить деньги на лошадь motor-car racing авторалли boat-racing гонки на лодках dog-racing собачьи бега athletics легкая атлетика to be wide-spread быть широко распространенным to toboggan кататься на санях, санках to form an essential part of daily life составлять важную часть повс. жизни

Answer the Questions: 1. What forms does sport in England take? 2. What game is associated with Great Britain? 3. What is the difference between the two kinds of football played in the United Kingdom? 4. What kind of game is golf? 5. What are other spectator sports popular in England? 6. What. forms of athletics are wide-spread in England?

1.Translate into English:

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1. В Англии, стране любителей спорта, получили распространение различные виды спорта и спортивные игры. 2. Крупные соревнования по многим видам спорта привлекают огромное число зрителей. 3. Крикет — чисто национальная английская игра, получившая широкое распространение только в странах Содружества. 4. Популярность клубного футбола быстро растет. 5. Регби — в основном непрофессиональный вид спорта. 6. Огромное количество англичан любят скачки и ставят деньги на лошадей. 7. Среди англичан популярность завоевали не только спортивные игры, но и различные виды спорта, в том числе и различные виды легкой атлетики. 8. Спорт, в той или иной разновидности, играет важную роль в повседневной жизни англичан.

2. Read and translate the dialogue: A.: Glad to see you. You know I am going to visit London. B.: Oh, how spendid! When are you leaving? A.: I suppose in two weeks. B.: I went to London last year with a visiting water-polo team. A.: Do tell me something about it. B.: With pleasure. First of all you must know that London is one of the largest cities of the world with a population of about 9 million. A.: I know that. I even know that it is situated on the banks of the Thames. What places of historic interest must I visit? B.: Oh, it will be very interesting for you to visit Westminster Abbey, the Houses of Parliament, the British Museum and to see Nelson's Column. A.: People often speak about the City of London. What is it? B.: It is the financial and business centre of Great Britain. It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the richest companies and corporations in the world. About half a million people work there during the day, but at night it is almost empty. A.: Why so? B.: As a matter of fact its territory is one square mile, so only a few thousand people live there. A.: And what about the West End and the East End? B.: The East End is the working people's London. They live here. A.: And what about the West End? B.: It is the fashionable shopping and entertainment centre. There are the Houses of Parliament and the residences of the upper class. A.: I see there are two Londons. The London of the rich and the London of the poor.

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B.: That's it.

3.Make up short stories using the following words and word-combinations: My Trip to England: Some year ago With interest To explain To belong At 3 (4,5) o’clock sharp To get on board a ship (a plane) To visit To attend To go sightseeing To be (get) tired The capital of England: A street A sguare A club A museum The centre The city The Houses of Parliament The Westminster Abbey The suburbs 4. Read and translate the text: IT'LL HELP YOU TO ANSWER BETTER TEXT III Sports in Great Britain National sports in Great Britain... It is a very interesting question, because many kinds of sport have taken the origin in England. The Englishmen love sports, they are called sports-lovers in spite of the fact that some of them neither play games nor even watch them. They only like to speak about sports. Some kinds of sport are professional in England. Many traditional sporting contests take place in England, for example, cricket. It is played from May till September. This game is associated with England. There are many cricket clubs in this country. English people like to play cricket. They think that summer without cricket isn't summer. Cricket is the English national sport in summer. If you want to play cricket you must wear white boots, a white shirt and white long trousers. There are two teams. Each team has eleven players. Cricket is popular in boys' schools. Girls play cricket too.

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Football. It has got a long history. Football was played by the whole village teams in the middle ages in England. Now football is the most popular game in Britain. It is a team game. There are some amateur teams but most of the teams are professional ones in England. Professional football is a big business. Football is played at schools too. Rugby football. You can see a ball in this game, but it is not round. It is oval. This is a team game. There are fifteen players in each team. It is a popular game in England. There are many amateur rug-by football teams in this country. If we speak about football we can mention an American football too. It is a game that is played between two teams of players using an oval ball that can be handled or kicked. The captain of the team must be the oldest or best player. Table tennis or ping-pong. Englishmen heard about table tennis in 1880. Then the International Table Tennis Association was formed and the international rules were worked out. Many people like to play table tennis. This game is played by men and women. There are some tennis clubs in England, but if you play there it is necessary to pay money for it. Englishmen like playing tennis but many of them prefer to watch this game. Wimbledon. It is the centre of lawn tennis. Some years ago Wimbledon was a village, now it is a part of London. The most important tennis competition takes place there every summer. Englishmen pay much attention to swimming, rowing and walking. Usually the Oxford—Cambridge Boat Race takes place at the end of March or at the beginning of April. It is an interesting contest between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. It is usually held on the Thames River. The first such race was held in 1820. There were a lot of people watching this race. There are some racing competitions in England. They are motor-car racing, dogracing, donkey-racing, boat-racing, horse-racing. All kinds of racings are popular in England. It is interesting to see the egg-and-spoon race. The runner, who takes part in this competition, must carry an egg in a spoon. It is not allowed to drop the egg. We must speak about the Highland Games in Scotland. All competitors wear Highland dress. There are such competitions as putting the weight, tossing the caber and others. The English are great lovers of sports. WORDS 1. origin — начало, источник, происхождение 2. contest — состязание, соревнование 3. amateur — любительский 4. rugby — регби 5. lawn tennis — большой теннис 6. handle — брать руками 7. kick — ударять ногой 8. table tennis — настольный теннис 9. Wimbledon — Уимблдон (предместье Лондона)

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10. the Highland Games — состязание шотландских горцев 11. putting the weight — поднятие тяжестей 12. tossing the caber — метание шеста 13. rowing — гребля 14. race, racing — состязания, гонки 15.cricket — крикет

TEXT IV SPORTS IN BRITAIN Sports play an important part in the life of the English people. All sports are very popular among them. The British are proud that many sports originated in their country and then spread throughout the world. The national British sports are: football, golf, cricket, table tennis, lawn tennis, snooker, steeplechase, racing, darts. Football the most popular game in the world is of two kinds in Britain: association football (soccer) and rugby. Soccer played almost in all countries remains one of the most popular games in Great Britain. Rugby football originated at Rugby public school. In this game players may carry the ball. Rugby is played by teams of 15 men with an oval ball. Golf, one of the most popular sports in Britain, originated in Scotland. Englishmen are fond of cricket. Cricket is played in schools, colleges, universities. Test matches with other countries are held regularly. The game is very slow. Table tennis originated in England in 1880. But the British players are not lucky in tennis international championships. Wimbledon is known world-wide as the centre of lawn tennis. Wimbledon championships begin on the nearest Monday to June 22 when the weather is fine. The Championships are watched on TV live and at full length by millions of people. Steeplechase, a cross country running, is popular in European countries. The first cross country race took place in 1837. Englishmen like all kinds of racing. Horse-racing, motor-car racing, boat-racing, dog-racing, donkey-racing are very popular in England. The most famous boat race in England is between Oxford and Cambridge. It first started in 1820 and has been held almost every spring since 1836. A lot of people come to watch it. Vocabulary snooker (billiard) — снукер lawn tennis — большой теннис table tennis — настольный теннис darts — игра "метание стрелок" steeplechase — скачки, бег с препятствиями racing — гонки live broadcasting — прямая трансляция at full length — полностью Question 1. What kinds of football are there in Great Britain?

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2. Where did golf come from to England? 3. What is the most popular English game? 4. What is Wimbledon famous for? 5. What kinds of racing do you know? 7. What is the most famous race in England?

ORAL TOPIC II. SPORTS IN RUSSIA TEXT I

Sports in Russian Federation Russian people have always paid much attention to sport. Sport keeps people fit and healthy and makes them better disciplined in their daily activities. Numerous kinds of sports. both winter and summer. are popular in the Russian Federation. Millions of citizens of Russia engage in some sporting activities and even in competitions. «Physical training» is a subject on the curriculum of schools and universities. You can hardl y find a school or a college without sports grounds. Sports facilities are available at any university or other higher educational establishments. Sports in this country have traditionally been divided into amateur and professional. The core of professional sports are sporting societies. Millions from beginners to champions are members of sporting clubs and societies. There is a number of national sports societies like the Spartak or the Dinamo which have their local branch clubs throughout the c ountry. Youngsters from the age of 7 to 18 are trained in sports to schools which are run by the major sports clubs. The schools cover a range of sports, from track-and-field and callisthenics to boxing. Since their debut at the Helsinki Olympic Games in 1952, Russia has been a participant of all the Olympiads.. Russian sportsmen and sportswomen have collected numerous gold, silver and bronze medals. Numerous Olympic and world records have been broken and are still held. There are sports clubs at many enterprises and offices. Many of them are fee-paying now, but the membership fee is moderate. At these and other amateur clubs and keep-fit centres people go in for aerobics, yoga, body-building, swimming, skating, jogging. Participation in sports in this country is massive by any standards.

Topical Vocabulary: to pay much attention to sport придавать большое значение спорту

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поддерживать хорошую форму и здоровье людей to make smbd better disciplined in делать кого-либо дисциплин-ым one's daily activities повседневные дела to engage in sporting activities заниматься спортом a competition соревнование a subject on the curriculum предмет в программе sports grounds спортплощадка sports facilities спортивные сооружения to be available иметься amateur любительский professional профессиональный the core of professional sports основа профессионального спорта sporting society спортивное общество a champion чемпион a member of a sporting club член спортивного клуба a national sports society общенациональное спортивное общество a local branch club местное отделение a youngster молодой человек to be trained in sports schools проходить подготовку в спортивных школах to be run by управлять to cover a wide range of sports охватывать большое кол-во видов спорта track-and-field легкая атлетика calisthenics художественная гимнастика a debut дебют a participant of участник чего- либо to collect medals собрать медали to break Olympic and world record устанавливать олимпийские и мировые рекорды to hold a record удерживать рекорд fee-paying платный a membership fee членский взнос moderate умеренный a keep-fit centre оздоровительный центр to go in for заниматься ( спортом ) aerobics аэробика yoga йога body-building боди-билдинг jogging бег трусцой massive by any standards массовый по любым меркам to keep people fit and healthy

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Answer the questions: 1.Why is sport so important for the daily activities of people? 2. What proves the popularity of sports in this country? 3. What is the core of professional sports in this country? 4. How does the system of sporting clubs work? 5. What proves that Russia is an active participant of the Olympic movement? 6. What sporting activities do people go in for at the amateur clubs and keep-fit centres?

1.Translate into English: 2. Спорт входит в программу школ и вузов. 3. Спортивные площадки и другие спортивные сооружения есть в любой школе или университете. 4. Основу профессионального спорта составляет сеть спортивных клубов и обществ. 5. Общенациональные спортивные общества имеют местные отделения в разных городах страны. 6. Детские спортивные школы управляются спортивными обществами. 7. Дети и молодые люди проходят подготовку в целом ряде видов спорта — художественной гимнастике, легкой атлетике, плавании, боксе и т. д. 8. Членские взносы в спортивных клубах при предприятиях и организациях умеренные. 9. В любительских спортивных клубах люди занимаются различными видами спорта, это помогает им быть в хорошей форме и быть более организованными в повседневных делах. 2.Read the text.It will help you to answer better. TEXT II SPORTS IN RUSSIA

Many sports are popular in Russia. They are: hockey, soccer, weightlifting, track and field, tennis, basketball, volley-ball, boxing, figure-skating, cross-country skiing, swimming, judo and shooting. All these sports have their strong supporters.. In our country much attention is paid to organized sports and this shouldn't overshadow the many sporting activities which are a part of daily Russian life. Most Russians who grow up in the North, grow with outdoor winter sports and activities. Skating is a wide-spread activity. There are many skating rinks in the cities. Fishing is extremely popular in all parts of Russia.

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All water sports and activities are very popular, including swimming, diving, sailing, water skiing, canoeing. There are many stadiums and public sports facilities in Russia. Numerous national and international matches and competitions are regularly held in Russia. They attract large numbers of fans. Most of the important games are televised alive. There is an enormous amount of live broadcasting of all different types of sports events, professional and amateur at national and international levels. The Russians are not only sports fans; They take an active part in all sports and sports activities. The former Soviet Union, which relied heavily on Russian athletes, has won more medals than any other team in all but two Summer Olympics since 1956. At the 1992 Barcelona Olympics the United Team, representing the former Soviet Republics won 45 gold medals. Questions 1. What sports are popular in Russia? 2. What is in the centre of attention of the officials? 3. What are outdoor sports? 1. When are games televised alive? ORAL TOPIC III. SPORTS IN THE USA TEXT I Sports in the USA In the USA many sports and sports activities attract millions of active participants. One reason of the popularity of sport in America may be the variety and size of America, providing .Americans with a large choice of summer and winter sports. In addition, public sports facilities have always been available in great number for participants. Another reason might be that Americans like competition, by teams or as individuals of any type. Others point out that American schools and colleges follow the tradition of all English-speaking societies in using sports activities as a way of teaching «social values». In the USA much attention is given to organized sports. Hockey, football, baseball, basketball and volleyball are the five major sports. Football is the most popular spectator sport. What makes football in the USA so different from its European cousins, rugby and soccer, is not just the size, speed and strength of Its players. Rather, it is the most «scientific» of all outdoor team sports. Specific rules state what each player in each position may and may not do, and when. There are hundreds of possible «plays» (or moves) for teams on offence and defense. Baseball is now in second place among the sports people most like to watch. Baseball is still very popular as an informal, neighbourhood sport. Baseball and football have the reputation of being «typically American» team sports. This is ironic because the two most popular

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participant sports in the world today are indeed American in originbasketball and volleyball. Both games were invented and first played at a YMCA in, Massachusetts. Basketball was invented as a game that would fill empty period between the football season and the baseball season. Today, of course, both basketball and volleyball are played everywhere by men and women of all ages. They are especially popular as school sports. Professional and collegiate basketball games in the USA attract c large numbers of fans. Most of the important games are televised live. Sporting activities are a part of daily American life. There are many other sports and sports activities in America which attract millions of active participants. Among them are golf, swimming, tennis, marathon, track-and-field, bowling, archery ,skiing, skating, squash and badminton, rowing and sailing, weight-lifting, boxing and wrestling. 45% of all Americans take part in some athletic activity once a day. Swimming, bicycling, fishing, jogging, callisthenics or gymnastics, and bowling ar e American's favourite participatory sports. Skating and tobogganing are wide-spread activities, too. Fishing and hunting are extremely popular in all parts of the country and have been since the days when they were necessary activities among the early settlers. As could be expected, all water sports and activities are very popular, including diving, sailing, white-water canoeing, water-skiing. There are also several sports in the us which were once thought of as being «strange», but have now gained international popularity. Among these is skate-boarding, wind-surfing and triathlon.

Topical Vocabulary: sports and sport activities спорт и физкультура a participant участник to provide smbd with a large choice of предоставлять кому-либо широкий выбор public sports facilities общественные спортивные сооружения to be available иметься, быть доступным competition by teams or individuals командные или индивидуальные соревнования a way of teaching social values способ привить систему социальных ценностей to give much attention to organized sports уделять большое внимание a spectator sport организованный спорт rugby регби soccer футбол an outdoor team sport спортивная игра, в которую играют на открытых площадках

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on offence and defence в нападении и защите a participant (participatory) sport массовый спорт YMCA Христианский Союз Молодых Людей to be especially popular at school sports быть особенно популярным в учебных заведениях a professional game профессиональная игра a collegiate game университетская игра to attract fans собирать болельщиков to be televised live вести прямую трансляцию marathon марафон track-and-field легкая атлетика bowling игра в кегли archery стрельба из лука squash сквош rowing гребля sailing парусный спорт weight-lifting поднятие тяжестей wrestling борьба a participatory sports массовый вид спорта jogging бег трусцой callisthenics художественная гимнастика tobogganing катание на санках a wide-spread activity широко распространенный вид спорта diving прыжки в воду white-water canoeing спуск на каноэ по горным рекам water-skiing катание на водных лыжах skate-boarding катание на скейте wind-surfing виндсерфинг triathlon триатлон

Answer the Question: 1. What are the reason of popularity of sport in America? 2. What makes American football different from European soccer and rugby? 3. What games have the reputation of «typically American» team? 4. What two participant sports originated in America? 5. What other sports and sport activities attract millions of participants? 6. What «strange» sports originated in America and gained inter popularity?

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1.Translate into English: 1.Существует несколько причин, почему спорт в Америке привлекает миллионы активных участников. 2. Вот эти причины: размеры страны, наличие спортивных сооружений, любовь к соревнованиям любого рода и т.д. 3. В Америке популярны такие спортивные игры, как хоккей, бейсбол, волейбол, футбол и баскетбол. 4. Самые популярные из зрительских видов спорта — футбол и бейсбол; самые массовые спортивные игры — баскетбол и волейбол возникли в Америке. 5. «Университетский» спорт в США собирает большое количество болельщиков. 6. Особенно популярны матчи профессионалов: часто ведется их прямая трансляция. 7. Многие виды спорта составляют часть повседневной жизни в Америке: гольф, теннис, марафон, легкая атлетика, стрельба и борьба, поднятие тяжестей и т.д. 8. Широко распространены катание на санях, прыжки в воду водные лыжи, гребля на каноэ, художественная гимнастика, бег трусцой и т. д. 9. Некоторые «странные» виды спорта, такие, как катание на скейте, виндсерфинг и триатлон возникли в Америке и завоевали популярность в других странах.

2.Read the text. It will help you to answer better. TEXT II SPORTS IN THE USA The emphasis on physical fitness has involved increasing number of Americans in activities that provide the necessary physical conditioning and at the same time other enjoyment and recreation. The American participants are attracted by such sports and activities as swimming, tennis, marathons, track and field, bowling, archery, skiing, skating, squash and badminton. But the four major American sports are hockey, baseball, football and basketball. The large choice of sports in America can be explained by the variety and size of the country, its different climates and the people's love of competitions of any type. In addition, public sports facilities have always been available in great number for participants. American schools and colleges use sports activities as a way of teaching social values. Among these are teamwork and sportsmanship. The average high school offers its students a great variety of sports, including rowing, wrestling, tennis and golf. And this may explain why the Americans have traditionally done well in many of these

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sports. As a result, being intelligent and being good in sports are regarded as things that can go together, as an ideal. There are many colleges which have excellent academic reputation and are also good in sports. At present professional sportsmen are concerned with getting a good education that will allow them to find good jobs when their playing days are over. There are no separate 'universities' for sports in the USA. Recently peculiar USA sports such as skate-boarding, wind-surfing, hang-gliding have gained international popularity. The most unusual sport that first reached popularity in the USA is triathlon. It includes swimming, bicycle racing and long-distance running and is becoming more and more popular in Europe. Everyone in America can participate in sports activities. Vocabulary track and field — легкая атлетика bowling—игра в кегли, боулинг archery — стрельба из лука wrestling — борьба public sports facilities — спорткомплексы average — обычная long-distance running — бег на длинные дистанции Questions .1. Why are the Americans so fond of sports? 2. What sports activities attract the Americans? 3. What are the major American sports? 4. What do American school and colleges use sports activities for? 5. Why do professional sportsmen want to get a good education? 6. What new American sports have gained international popularity?

UNIT IV. OLYMPIC GAMES.

ORAL TOPIC I. THE HISTORY OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

I.

It is interesting to know some facts from the History of the Olympic Games. Do you know that... TEXT I The History of the Olympic Games

The Olympic Games were originally an ancient Greek religious festival in honour of Zeus, which was held in Olympia near Mount

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Olympus, the mythical home of the gods. The initial date for the beginning of the Games was 776 BC They were held every four years in the middle of summer. The main condition of this festival was that there should be no war throughout Greece. The Games included not only contests in athletic skills like wrestling, running and throwing the javelin but also in oratory, poetry, music and art. The Olympic Games were an exclusively male festival open to young men from all the Greek cities. Women were not allowed to compete in the Olympic Games, or even to attend and watch them. To be a victor (winner) in the classical Olympic Games was a great honour not only for the athlete but for his city, too. The classical Olympic Games continued for over a thousand years and finally they were abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodorius in AD 392 because fierce controversies over the status of competitors. There were several attempts to restore the Olympic Games but all of them were not successful. With growth of interest in sport in the nineteenth century and the organisation of annual am traditional sporting contests, especially between schools and universities, the idea arose of reviving the Olympic Games in the modern world. A Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, was the enthusiast whose personal initiative brought about the inauguration of the modern Olympic Games in 1896. Only 311 athlete from 13 countries participated in them, competing in nine sports. Women first competed in the Olympic Games in 1910, playing golf . In1980 the Olympiad included another important event-hockey. The most impressive moment in the opening ceremony of the Games is the taking of oaths where they (athletes) promise to respect and abide by the rules which govern them in the true spirit of sportsman -ship, for the glory of sport and the honour of their teams. The Olympic flag has five interlocking rings on the white background. The five rings represent the five continents and symbolise universal brotherhood. According to the Olympic Rules the flag must reside in the principal municipal bu1lding of the host city until the next Games. Each Olympiad is watched by millions of spectators-tens of thousands at stadiums and by television. The motto of the Games is "citius, altlius, fortius" (Lat.: faster, higher, bravier). Until Olympics 1952 the team of US dominated the Summer Games . Since the Helsinki Games when the Russia took part in them for the first time competition in all events of the programme has become keener.

EXERCISES.

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Exercise 1. Study the text thoroughly and pick out proper names, cons ult the spelling with the dictionary. Recall the sentences in which they are used in the text. Exercise 2. You are a teacher in class. a).You try to drill the pronunciation of the words that present some difficulty for the students: Ancient Olympia Mythical Wrestling Juvelin oratory

exclusively male fierce controversies status revive

inauguration oath symbolise reside host keen ( -er )

b). Ask your students to reproduce the sentences in which the above given words are used in the text. Use them in sentences of your own. Exercise 3. Ask your friend questions on the text using the direct speech instead of suggested indirect questions. Ask your friend: 1. . . . what kind of festival the Olympic Games were originally. 2. . . . where the festival was held. 3. . . . what Mount Olympus was considered to be. 4. . . . when the Olympic Games were held for the first time. 5. . . . what the main condition of the festival was. 6. . . . what the Games included. 7. . . . if women were allowed to compete in the Olympic Games. 8. . . . when and why the Olympic Games were abolished. 9. . . . why the idea of reviving the Olympic Games arose. 10. . . . on whose initiative the inauguration of the modern Olympic Games was brought about. 11. . . . how many athletes participated in the 1896,Olympic Games. 12. . . . when women first competed in the Olympic Games. 13. . . . what the most impressive moment in the opening ceremony of the Games is. 14. . . . what you know about the Olympic Flag. 15. . . . when Russia took part in the Olympic Games for the first time.

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary of the text. 1. Олимпийские игры проводились каждые 4 года в середине лета. 2. Основное условие этого праздника состояло в том, чтобы в Греции не было войны.

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3 Игры включали не только спортивные состязания, но и состязания в ораторском искусстве, поэзии, музыке и живописи. 4. Олимпийские игры были исключительно праздником для мужчин. 5. Женщинам не разрешали принимать участие в Олимпийских играх, им разрешали только посещать и смотреть игры. 6. Классические Олимпийские игры проводились свыше тысячи лет. 7. Было несколько попыток возродить Олимпийские игры, но все они были безуспешными. 8. В Олимпийских играх I896 г. принимали участие только 311 спортсменов из 13 стран. 9. В Олимпийские игры I980 года вошел еще один важный вид спорта — хоккей. 10. Девиз Олимпийских игр — быстрее, выше, сильнее. 11. Участие советских спортсменов в Олимпийских играх сделало программу насыщенной и привлекательной. Exercise 5. Be ready to speak on the topic "From the History of the Olympic Games" . II.

Read the text and say what conclusions you come to when you have read it. TEXT II SPORTS IN OUR LIFE

"Do you like sport?" This question can be heard very often. Many people answer "Yes, I do" , and they think about watching a game of football at a stadium, or on TV while sitting in a comfortable arm-chair. But watching sports events and going in for sports are two different things. Let's hope that you prefer the second. Sport holds an important place in our life. When you listen to the radio early in the morning, you can always hear sports news. When you open a newspaper, you will always find information about some game or other or an article about your favourite kind of sport. Especially interesting are stories about а famous men or women in the world of sport, how they became champions and about their plans for ten future. Television programmes about sports are also very popular, and you can watch something interesting practically every day. Sports help people to keep in good health. At the same time those who go in or sport try to get good results and win victories in sport competitions. National kinds of physical exercises, national games and sports competitions have always been popular on the territory of our co untry. The first Russian Olympic Games were held in 1913 in Kiev. Physical culture and sports in Russia are part of Russian cultural and public life. Sport Committee pays great attention to their development. There is great enthusiasm for sport or every kind in our country, and any boy or girl who shows good results at sports clubs or at athletics

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competitions for school children. is given every help to become a champion. The following may help you: Many people are interested in sport; to be very popular; to be fond of sport; its very useful; both winter sports and summer sports are very important; people go in for many kinds or sports. EXERCISES Exercise 1. Are you tired? Do physical exercises. First exercise: Stand up. Hands up. Down. Hands forward . To the sides. Back. Down. Exercise 2: Hands forward. Over your head. To the sides. Down. Exercise 3: Hands on waist. Bend to the right. Bend to the left. Stop. Hands down. Exercise 4: Right hand up! Left hand back! Change the position of the hands. Exercise 5: Boxing. Exercise 6: Hands forward! Bend knees! Up! Hands down! Exercise 7: Raise your right leg and clap hands under it to the count, one, two-foot down. Three-raise your left leg and clap hands under it. Four-foot down. Exercise 8: Jumping. Feet apart! Feet together! March! Exercise 9: Hands on waist! Breathe in! Breathe out! Exercise 2. Tell us how you go in for sport completing the sentences: In the morning -In winter -In summer -In the open air. Exercise 3. Discuss the following, giving your arguments «for» or «against» You think that many illness are a result of your immobility and unwillingness to go in for sport. Exercise 4 . Replace the Russian words and word-combinations by suitable English equivalents. Retell the passage. SPORTS IN ENGLAND The most ( популярными спортивными играми ) in England are cricket in summer and football in winter. Tennis and golf are also very popular; so are (бег, прыжки, плавание, гребля ) Many Englishmen go in for ( боксом и скачками). When they get a really hard winter, they (катаются на коньках, лыжах и санках). Sport is an (существенная часть) of English life. A few laughs.

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A champion athlete, in bed with a cold, was told that he had a temprature. "How high is it, doctor?" he wondered. " A hundred and one". "What's the world record?". SETTLING FOR HIM The two football teams were hot rivals. The universal delight can therefore be imagine when it was announced that they had been drawn to meet in a Cup-tie. It was decided that one of the best referees in the land should be engaged for this important match. Thus the directors of both clubs approached the famous Hardwistle and invited him to take charge of it. "All right", said Hardwistle. "I'll oblige. What fee do you offer for my service?" The directors held a conversation. "Well", said one of them at last, "I think, we'd better settle that after the game. You see, it will depend on how much you're hurt". III. Use the following words and expressions in situations of your own. ON THE DAY OF A BIG FOOTBALL MATCH Wife: to make dinner; to decide to have something really nice for dinner; favourite dishes; to go shopping; to buy meat; fish, all kinds of vegetables; to remember; to be fond of football; to go into the living room; to watch TV; an exciting game; a favourite team; to be in form; to score; to get more and more excited; to forget about everything; to expect; the game ended in a draw; to last (of the match); to defeat. Husband: to come back 1ate from the office; to have a hard day; t o be tired; to hope that. . . ; to cook a nice dinner; to find somebody in the living-room; to be angry with smb. or something. IV.Tell a story to illustrate the proverb "All's well that ends well". V. Read the passage, answer the questions and retell the passage in English: Как у каждого народа у англичан много хороших традиций и спорт одна из них. Англичане любят спорт. В зимние воскресные дни можно часто встретить семьи с лыжами: мама, папа, дети, а иногда и дедушка и бабушка. Я видел много таких семей. Поезда, уходящие в снежные горные районы забиты лыжниками всех возрастов.( С.Образцов « две поездки в Лондон» ) 1. 2. 3. 4.

What tradition is among the best traditions of the English? Where do the English people usually go skiing? How does the author describe the crowds of skiers going North? How do people travel to the snowy, mountainous parts of the country?

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5. Is it a long or a short journey from London to the Highlands of Scotland? VI. Speak about the last figure-skating tournament, using the keyexpressions given below: 1. the International Figure-Skating Championship; 2. the European FigureSkating Tournament; 3. the International Figure-Skating Tournament for prize offered by; 4. pair figure-skating; 5. ice-dancing; 6. men's singles; 7. women's singles; 8. our team includes the well-known stars of icedancing; 9. the compulsory programme; 1O. the short programme; 11. the free programme; 12. . . . are the main rivals of; 13. their (his, her) programme is full of complex movements; 14.to be above all competition in this event; 15. they are notable for their gliding skill; 16. to be expressive and able to translate the essence of the music into movements; 17. swiftness, complex cascades of jumps; 18. to capture the world (European) titles.

VII. a). Consult the dictionary and transcribe the following essential vocabulary: equestrian sports; judo; modern pentathlon; biathlon; lug; bowls; billiards; shifty, bandy; surfboarding; inauguration ceremony. b). Explain the difference between: a chessman -a chess player; a field -a court -a rink -a ring links; a draughtsman -a draughts player . Give example illustrating the difference in the meaning of the above given words. Be sure not to be mistaken. VIII. a). Do you know that: TEXT III The Olympic Games in Seoul The XXIV Olympic Games were held in Seoul in September, 1988. 160 countries were represented at the Games. The largest squad of 772 athletes and officials came from the United States, with the Soviet Union second, with 655. The Games in Seoul were certain to be the biggest since Pierre de Coubertin founded the Modern Games in 1896. The addition of tennis to the Olympic program opened the door toprofessionals for the first time. Seoul was well prepared for the Olympics. It means that not only the stadiums and courts were convenient for both the athletes and audiences.

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The security of the competitors was top priority at the Olympic Games. At the 24th Olympiad in Seoul the Russian athletes scored an out -standing success. They won a total 132 medals, including 55 gold, leaving other teams far behind in the unofficial team scoring. Really, participating in the Olympics and especially winning is a special honour. This overall result was boosted by our athletes in track -and-field, our wrestlers, weightlifters and swimmers, by all who during these days competed in the most prestigious international events, up holding the sports reputation of this country. Not all brought home a gold; but each one has contributed to the overall victory. There were few Russian sports fans on the stands of the Olympic Stadium; never the less we spent entire evenings glued to our TV, rooting for our athletes. Everyone believed in the victory and the USSR teams triumph in the Games means a triumph for Soviet sports in general. So it is true that with some 13.600 competitors from 160 countries the 1988 Olympic Games were the biggest ever. b). What do the Games cost Olympic Committees? In fact, the committees pay for the stay of their athletes, coa ches, experts, and operating staff. The Russians delegation's stay in Seoul cost about 7 million roubles. Of this amount 2-4 million were to be paid in foreign currency; in terms of each delegation member about 8.000 roubles. All the expenses, including foreign currency were borne by the State Committee for Physical Culture and Sport. The cost of the Games has increased noticeably. At the 1980 Moscow Olympics 15 dollars per day were paid for the participation of each delegation member in the Games. But in Seoul it was 42 dollars. Food accommodation of the delegation in Seoul cost about 500.000 roubles. Besides expenses are also envisaged for medical aid and even accident insurance . EXERCISES Exercise 1. Go through the text again and be ready to find in the text the English for: Крупнейшая команда, профессионалы, быть удобным как для спортсменов так и для зрителей, безопасность участников, занимать важное место, добиться выдающихся успехов, общее количество, особая честь, вносить вклад в общую победу, тем не менее. Recall the sentences in which they are used in the text. Exercise 2. Give the suitable Russian equivalents for: Squad; self-proclaimed; to be top priority; to score an outstanding success; team scoring; overall result; to be boosted by smb.; to uphold the sports reputation; to be glued to TV; to root for; triumph. Use the phrases and words in situations of your own while speaking about the last international chess championship;

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b. ice-hockey match.

Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word. Use the correct form: 1.160 countries (to represent: to be represented) at the Games. 2. The XXIV Olympic Games ( to hold, to be held) in Seoul, in September 1988. 3. Seoul ( to be well prepared, preparation) for the Olympics. 4. The stadiums and court ( to be convenient, convenience) for both the athletes and audience. 5. The security of the(competitors, competitions) was top priority. 6. This overall result ( to boost, to be boosted) by our Russian athletes in the most prestigious international events. 7. Each sportsman ( to contribute, contribution) to the overall victory. 8. Everyone ( to believe, belief) in the victory of the USSR team. Exercise 4. Read the text and answer the suggested questions: 1.Where and when were the XXIV Olympic Games held? 2.Which teams were the largest? 3.What game was included into the Olympic programme for the first time? 4.What can you say about the way Seoul was prepared for the Olympics? 5.The Soviet athletes scored an outstanding success at the XXIV Olympiad, didn't they? Prove your point. 6.In what sports was this overall result boosted by our athletes? 7.What did the Soviet athletes up hold competing in the most prestigious international events? 8.How did the Soviet sports fans follow the Games? 9.What is the victory of the USSR team for Soviet sports in general? 10.Thus, how would you characterise the XXIV Olympic Games? Exercise 5. Imagine that you were among those few Soviet sports fans on the stands of the Olympic stadium in Seoul and you have a burning desire to share your impressions of the events of the 1988 Olympiad with your pupils. Make use of the active words and phrases given in tasks 3 and 4.

ORAL TOPIC II. THE OLYMPIC GAMES TEXT I The Olympic Games

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In 776 BC the first Olympic were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honour the Greek's chief God, Zeus. The Greeks emphasised physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honoured by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems s about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, any wars in progress were halted to allow the games take place. The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four -year cycles called «Olympiads». In 394 AD the Games were abolished and were not renewed until many centuries later. Renewal of the Games came in 1896, when the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens due to the French educator Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The first Olympiad was held in Athens and followed pattern set by the ancient Olympic Games. Some events, like marathon race, have been added, and the inclusion of women, and also the series of winter sports. Otherwise, the framework elaborated for the first Games has stood the test of time. The modern Games have maintained the original ideal of amateurism. In 1896 the International Olympic Committee was set up. It is the central policy-making body of the Olympic movement, formed by the representatives of participant countries. The IOC makes the ultimate decision as to the program of the Games, the number of participants and as to where the Games of the next Olympiad are to be held. The Games are allocated to a city , not to a country. Over 150 countries are represented in the IOC at present. Much importance is attached to opening ceremony. At the opening of , the Games the international Olympic Committee appears as host. The national anthem of the host country is played, and all the participants march past the Lodge of Honour. The Head of the host country declares the Games open, then the Olympic flag is raised and the Olympic hymn is sung. Then the Olympic flame is lit that will bum till the end of the Games. The Olympic torch has been carried from Olympia by torch bearers, one for each kilometre, about 340 in all. The Olympic flag has five coloured interlaced rings, representing the five parts of the world, on a white background. The motto of the Olympic Games is «Citius, Altius, Fortius» (Faster, Higher, Stronger). Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. Since then, Soviet sportsmen and sports women have collected a great lot of gold, silver and bronze medals, not to mention the numerous Olympic and world records they have broken. In 1980 Moscow hosted the 22 Olympic Games. The importance of the Olympic Games was well expressed by Coubertin: «The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not win, but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle»

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Topical Vocabulary: to honour Zeus physical fitness and strength a contest in discus and juvelin throwing копья horse and chariot racing to compete to honour winners to attach much importance to to be abolished to be renewed to follow the pattern set by the ancient Olympic Games marathon race inc1usion of women to stand the test of time to maintain the ideal of amateurism the International Olympic Committee Комитет to be set up the central policy-making body политику the Olympic movement a representative of participant countries to make the ultimate decision to be allocated to a city to appear as host the national anthem to march past the Lodge of Honour a host country the Olympic hymn to light the Olympic flame the Olympic torch a motto to join the Olympic movement to collect medals to break Olympic and world records to host the Olympic Game

в честь Зевса хорошая физическая форма и сила соревнования по метанию диска и гонки на колесницах соревноваться чествовать победителя придавать большое значение чемулибо быть запрещенным быть возобновленным следовать модели, установленной древние Олимпийские игры марафон включение женщин выдержать проверку временем сохранять идеал любительства Международный Олимпийский быть основанным центральный орган, определяющий олимпийское движение представитель стран-членов принять окончательное решение приписываться городу выступать в качестве хозяина национальный гимн пройти мимо почетной ложи страна-хозяйка Олимпийский гимн Олимпийский огонь зажечь олимпийский огонь девиз вступить в Олимпийское движение получить медали установить Олимпийские и мировые рекорды принимать Олимпийские Игры

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Answer the questions: 1.What is the history of the ancient Olympic Games? 2. How and when were the Olympic Games renewed? 3. What was the first modern Olympiad characterised by? 4. What are .the functions of the International Olympic Committee? 5.How were the winter Games introduced? 6 What is the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games and the Olympic? 7.What part does Russia play in the Olympic Games? 8.What did Pierre de Coubertin say about the importance of the Olympic Games? Translate into English: 1. В течение 1200 лет Олимпийские Игры проводились в Олимпии каждые четыре года. 2. Победителям в метании диска, борьбе, пятиборье и других видах, спорта вручались венки из веток оливы. 3. В 1894 году барон Пьер де Кубертен основал Международный Олимпийский Комитет. 4. В первых современных Олимпийский Играх более 2 000 участников состязались в различных видах спорта. 5. В Олимпийских Играх участвуют только спортсмены-любители. 6. Количество состязаний в современных Олимпийских Играх увеличилось. 7. Команда каждой страны состоит из спортсменов, принимающих участие в соревнованиях по различным видам спорта. 8. Международный Олимпийский Комитет обращается с просьбой выбранному им городу стать хозяином Олимпиады. 9.На соревнования Олимпиады приходят тысячи людей.

UNIT V. MY SPECIALITY

TEXT I OUR INSTITUTE

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We are students of the Institute of Physical Culture. All the students of our institute began to go in for different kinds of sport before entering the institute. At the institute they get different sporting specialities. They specialise in swimming, diving, rowing, sailing, skiing, skating, figure -skating, football, basketball, volleyball, handball, tennis, wrestling, boxing, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, weightlifting, track-and-field athletics and others. They dream of becoming first-class sportsmen and therefore they pay great attention to special training lessons in their favourite kinds of sport. After graduating from the institute they become coaches and teachers of physical culture. Track-and-fields athletics is the leading sport in our country. Some millions of young men and girls train in the athletics sections and take part in competitions. It is hard to find a town or a village in our country where people do not go in for track-and-field. Track-and field athletes practise on the stadiums, in sports halls, Palaces of Sports, etc. This kind of sport includes: running, jumping, discus thro wing, hammer throwing, javelin throwing, shot-putting, walking, pentathlon, decathlon, etc. The sportsmen going in for track-and-field athletics are called accordingly runners, jumpers, throwers, walkers, pentathletes, decathletes, etc. Our track-and-field athletes are in good form and complete in all big national and international contests, They win gold, silver and bronze medals and occupy first places in different kinds of track-and-field athletics. In Russia light athletics enjoys great popularity. It develops many excellent sporting qualities. Words and Word Combinations runner – бегун jumper – прыгун thrower – метатель pentathlete – пятиборец decathlete – десятиборец Questions to the Oral Topic 1. When did you begin to engage in track-and-field? 2. What events does it include? 3. What event are you training in now? 4. What is your life record in jumping (running, javelin throwing, walking. etc.)? 5. When did you start competing in this event? 6. What distances do you know in track -and-field athletics? 7. Are you a runner? 8. What distance do you run? 9. What is your favourite distance? 10. What kinds of jumping do you know? 11. Name the most effective jumpers (throwers, walkers, pentathletes, decathletes, etc.). 12. What sporting qualities does track-and-field develop? TEXT II

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Track-and-Field Athletics Track-and-field athletics is a world-wide sport that has grown in popularity since the days of the Greeks. Records of organised competitions in track events date back from the first Olympic Games in 776 B. C. It is a sport in which techniques constantly change as stronger athletes taught by better coaches break through new record barriers. In our time track-and-field is called the “Queen of Sport”. Track-and-field athletics includes many different events such as walking, pentathlon, decathlon, throwing which involves the discus throwing, the hammer throwing, the javelin throwing, the shot-put; running which involves sprint, medium (middle) distance race, long-distance race, steeple-chase, relay race, cross-country race, hurdling, marathon race, etc.; jumping which involves high jump, long jump, hop step and jump (triple jump), pole vault, etc. Besides there are races and jumps meant specially for training such as: races-trial run, running on toes, running in the curve, jogging, drive to accelerate, final race, speed race, etc. and jumps – squat jump, running jump, etc. Each of these events has its own skill and many of them are very difficult to learn. There are certain general principles which must b e followed. The athlete must study his event as regards both its technique and training methods. All international competitions must conform to the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation for men’s and women’s competitions. The “Queen of Sport” is not exacting – any kind of stadium or sports grounds may become a fine training place for track-and-field athletes. Enjoy your sport and success shall come your way. Notes B. C. (before Christ) – до нашей эры “Queen of Sport” – Королева спорта sprint – бег на короткие дистанции medium (middle) distance race – бег на средние дистанции long-distance race – бег на длинные дистанции steeple-chase – бег с препятствиями relay-race – эстафетный бег cross-country race – бег по пересеченной местности hurdling – барьерный бег marathon race – марафонский бег high jump – прыжок в высоту long jump – прыжок в длину hop, step and jump tripple jump тройной прыжок pole vault – прыжок с шестом throwing – метание discus throwing – метание диска hammer throwing – метание молота

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javelin throwing – метание копья shot-put – толкание ядра walking – ходьба (спортивная) meant specially for training – предназначенные только для тренировки trial run – контрольный бег running on toes – бег на носках running in the curve – бег на повороте jogging – разминочный бег drive to accelerate – бег с ускорением final race – финальный бег speed race – быстрый бег squat jump – прыжок согнув ноги running jump – прыжок с разбега success shall come your way – успех должен сопутствовать вам T E X T III BOXING I’ve always had a fancy for boxing that’s why I’ve chosen boxing for my speciality. I go in for amateur boxing.As a matter of fact there are two kinds of boxing: amateur and professional boxing.Boxers exercise with a punching ball and punching bag. If a boxer begins with simple exercises he will get the necessary freedom of movements. It is necessary for a boxer to wear gloves during his training or a bout. Every boxer knows three distances in boxing: close quarter or close range, striking distance and long distance.Correct footwork and armwork are very important in boxing. You must remember some of main kinds of hits used in boxing: lead hit, hook, swing,counter, knockout, left uppercut, right uppercut.There are the following weight- divisions in boxing: fly-weight, bantam-weight,feather-weight, lightweight, light-welter-weight,welter-weight,light-midlle-weight, midlle-weight, light-heavy-weight and heavy weight. Boxers train in boxing hall. Boxing requires a manysides physical trainin g of a boxer and such mental qualities as courage, resolution, persistence, endurance, etc. All these mental and physical qualities are developed in the process of training in boxing. Words and Words Combinationes punching ball –подвесная груша punching bag-подвесной мешок close quarter or close range-ближняя дистанция striking distance-боевая дистанция long distance-дальняя дистанция lead hit-удар атакующий hook-удар боковой с ближней дистанции, хук swing-удар боковой с дальней дистанции, свинг counter-удар ответный, удар встречный

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knockout-удар нокаутирующий left uppercut-удар снизу левой right uppercut- удар снизу правой weight-division-весовая категория fly-weiht-наилегчайший вес bantam-weight-легчайший вес feather-weight-полулегкий вес light-weight-легкий вес light-welter-weight-первый полусредний welter-weight-второй полусредний light-middle-weight-первый средний middle-weight-второй средний light-heavy-weight-полутяжелый heavy-weight- тяжелый glove- перчатка Questions to the Oral Topic 1.Are you a boxer? 2. When did you begin to go in for boxing? 3.What weight divisions do you know? 4. What kinds of boxing do you know? 5.Is it necessary for boxer to wear gloves during his training? 6. What distances in boxing do you know? 7. What is important in boxing? 8. Where does the boxer train? 9.What main hits do you know in boxing? 10.What qualities does boxing develop in a boxer?

TEXT IV FOOTBALL Football is a mass sport in our country. It is my favourite kind of sport. The game is played by two teams. Each team consists of 11 players: left back, left half-back, right back, right half-back, outside right, outside left, left centre forward, right centre forward, right centre back, left centre back and goalie or goalkeeper. Besides these 11 players who play on the field there are some reserves. Every soccer player may head, kick at goal, hit, kick, shoot from volley, kick in running, etc. Every squad has its captain. All football wear football shirst, shorts and shoes with spikes. A referee is appointed to officiate in each game with two linesmen to assist him. Football players are trained on stadiums all year round.

Words and Word Combinations

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left back – левый защитник right back – правый защитник right half-back – правый полузащитник left half-back – левый полузащитник outside right – правый крайний нападающий outside left – левый крайний нападающий right centre forward – правый центр нападения left centre forward – левый центр нападения left center-back – левый центральный защитник right centre-back – правый центральный защитник goalie – вратарь reserve – запасной игрок to head – бить (мяч) головой to kick at goal – бить мяч в ворота to hit – бить по мячу to kick – бить (мяч) ногой to shoot from volley – бить с лета to kick in running – бить с разбега squad – команда wear – носить spikes – шипы shoe – ботинок shorts – трусы football shirt – футбольная майка linesman – боковой судья Questions to the Oral Topic 1. Are you a football player? 2. What team do you play for? 3. When did you begin to go in for football? 4. Where is football played? 5. How many football players constitute a team? 6. Are you a football fan? 7. What football team do you support? 8. What sporting qualities does football develop? 9. How many football teams play in League "A"? 11. Name the most resultative football players in our country (in the world)? 12. What is the duty of linesmen? 13. When did our national football team win the title of the Olympic champion? 14. When is the game termed a "draw"? 15. How long do football players train? 16. Where are they trained?

TEXT V WRESTLING My future speciality is wrestling. I fancy it because it develops all parts of the body and strengthens the muscles. There are many types of wrestling but the most important are Greco-Roman and free-style, judo and sambo.

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Accordingly, wrestlers are called free-style wrestlers and Greco-Roman wrestlers. Both styles are popular in our country. Wrestlers train in a special wrestling hall. To avoid injury the walls of the hall are padded with a soft covering. Any wrestler may wrestle in a kneeling position or in a standing position. Besides regular training in weightlifting wrestlers resort to some additional means of training such as: rings, climbing rope, wallbars, etc. The training program consists mainly in different holds: head lock, double hold, double leg hold, leg hold, double body hold, etc. The costume for a wrestler is very simple, it includes wrestler shoes and wrestling dress. Words and Word Combinations free-style wrestling – вольная борьба a free-style wrestler – борец по вольной борьбе a Greco-Roman wrestler – борец по классической борьбе to wrestle in a kneeling position – бороться в партере to wrestle in a standing position – бороться в стойке hold – захват head lock – захват головы double hold – двойной захват double leg hold – захват ног leg hold – захват ноги double body hold – захват туловища Questions to the Oral Topic 1.Are you a wrestler? 2. What style at wrestling do you go in for? 3. When did you begin to go in for wrestling? 4. What styles are there in wrestling? 5. How many weight classes are there in wrestling? What are they? 6. What additional means of training do wrestlers use? 7.What does the wrestler’s training program consists in? 8. Why should a wrestler train all parts of his body? 9. What costume does a wrestler need? 10. What sporting grade have you got in wrestling?

TEXT VI SWIMMING My speciality is swimming. As a rule swimming practise in swimming-pools. But in summer they prefer to do it in the river or sea. There are some kinds of swimming -pools: pools for teaching and sporting pools which may be indoor and outdoor ones. One must distinguish between such swimming strokes as the butterfly stroke, the dolphin stroke being its variety, the breast-stroke, the crawl stroke and the

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backstroke. Swimming are called accordingly: a breast-stroke swimmer, a crawlstroke swimmer, a long-distance swimmer, a short-distance swimmer, a mediumdistance swimmer, a first relay swimmer, a last relay swimmer, etc. Swimming makes people strong and healthy, it develops all parts of the body. By and large sportsmen keep themselves in good form by training in swimming. There are some rules about swimming that are essential for all. The main eleme nts in swimming are: body position, arm action, leg action, breathing, pull, push. etc. In a breast-stroke breathing is closely connected with arm action. Inhalation takes place above water through the open mouth, but exhalation takes place under water or on the surface through both nose and mouth. To meet the needs of our sportsmen the government has built a great number of artificial indoor and open-air pools, the number of swimmers increasing from year to year. Now swimmers can train and compete all year round. Words and Word Combinations pool for teaching – бассейн для обучения indoor – закрытый (зимний) бассейн outdoor pool – открытый (летний) бассейн breast stroke – плавание стилем «брасс» butterfly stroke – плавание стилем «баттерфляй» dolphin stroke – плавание стилем «дельфин» back stroke – плавание на спине front crawl stroke – плавание стилем «кроль» competitive swimming – спортивное плавание one-style swimming – плавание одним стилем swimming with the legs only – плавание одними ногами swimming for relaxation – плавание «на расслабление» sprint swimming – спринт swimming of duration – плавание на время medley swim – комплексное плавание to float – плавать без движения, держаться на воде to float on back – плавать на спине без движения to crab swim – плавать ногами вперед to tread water – плавать стоя body position – положение тела in the basic position – в исходном положение The hands loosely pointed meet in the line of the head. – Кисти рук направлены на линию расположения головы. The feet are together, soles turned slightly inwards. – Ноги сомкнуты, ступни ног слегка повернуты вовнутрь. Questions to the Oral Topic 1.Are you a swimmer? 2. When did you begin to go in for swimming? 3.What swimming strokes do you know? 4. What stroke do you swim? 5.Do you like swimming? 6.What sports qualities does swimming develop? 7.Where do you

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train? 8.What style of swimming do you like best? 9.What main elements in swimming do you know? TEXT VII VOLLEYBALL Volleyball is my future speciality. People of all ages easily master it. It is a simple but interesting game which does not require any special equipment or long practical drills. Volleyball has a beneficial effect upon the health and trains all- round muscular coordination. It develops many good qualities, keenness of the eye, quick thinking, will-power, rapid action, a feeling of comradeship, etc. It is played both indoors and outdoors. Volleyball is played by two teams of six players each. The team consists of captain, back players and forward players or spikers - left forward and right forward. The game is played on a rectangular court 18 m long and 9 m wide. The net is stretched across the centre of the court and is about 1 m wide. All the players of the team take up their positions on one side of the net. The play begins when a serve is made by one player sta nding in the service area. After the serve the ball is batted back and forth over the net. The player may pass the ball forwards, backward, to the receiver. etc. Fifteen points constitute a game. There are some kinds of service in volleyball such as: drop service, overhand service, underhand service, etc. .

Words and Word Combinations service area – место подачи (площадка подачи) drop service – подача крючком overhand service – подача сверху underhand service – подача снизу back player – защитник forward player, spiker – нападающий All the players take up their positions on one side of the net.—Все игроки занимают свои места с одной стороны сетки. will-power — воля to master — овладевать to require — требовать drill — тренировка beneficial — благотворный, полезный Questions to the Oral Topic 1. Are you a volleyball player? 2. What is your future speciality? 3. When did you

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begin to play volleyball? 4. In what countries is volleyball played? 5. How many players make up a team? 6. What players does volleyball team consist of? 7. Who are the best volleyball players in our country? 8. What team do you play for? 9. What volleyball team is the best in our country? 10. How many volleyball courts are there in our city? 11. How long do our volleyball players train before a contest? 12. Name the most resultative volleyball players in the world. 13. Is there a volleyball team in your institute? 14.What kinds of service do you know in volleyball? 15. Did our national volleyball team take part in the Olympic Games? 16. What beneficial effect has volleyball upon the health? 17. What qualities does volleyball develop?

TEXT VIII GYMNASTICS I've chosen gymnastics for my speciality, as it is one of the most aesthetic kinds of sport. Gymnastics forms an integral part of our physical education program. It develops good bodily coordination, grace and strength . Gymnasts exercise on a horizontal bar, parallel bars, uneven parallel bars, a beam, a horse with pommels, a horse without pommels, long -horse, side-horse, wall bars, a buck or vaulting back, rings, still rings, a gym bench, a gym ladder, a rope ladder, etc. Gymnastics includes sports gymnastics, callisthenics or artistic gymnastics and tumbling or acrobatics. Callisthenics is a combination of gymnastics and ballet, that is why only girls go in for it. They perform different exercises without any objects or with objects, such as: hoops, balls, scarves, ribbons, skipping-ropes and clubs. Words and Word Combinations horizontal bar – перекладина parallel bars – параллельные брусья uneven parallel bars – разновысокие брусья horse without pommels – конь без ручек horse with pommels – конь с ручками gym bench – гимнастическая скамейка wall bars – гимнастическая стенка beam – бревно buck – козел still rings – неподвижные кольца long-horse – конь в длину side-horse – конь в ширину gym ladder – лестница rope ladder – веревочная лестница sports gymnastics – спортивная гимнастика gymnastics on apparatus – гимнастика на снарядах callisthenics – художественная гимнастика tumbling – акробатка

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hoop – обруч scarf – шарф club – булава ribbon – лента skipping-rope – скакалка Questions to the Oral Topic 1.Are you a gymnast? 2.What events does gymnastics include? 3. What event do you go in for? 4. On what apparatus do you train? 5.What is callisthenics? 6. Do you like gymnastics? 7.What sports qualities does gymnastics develop? 8. Name the most outstanding gymnasts in our country. TEXT IX TENNIS Tennis is the kind of sport I like best of all and therefore I decided to choose it as my sporting speciality. Tennis is a very beautiful game and our students willingly go in for it. It is played with a small ball and rackets on a level court. The court is divided into two parts by a net. One or two players make a team. The object of the game is to bat the ball over a net with racket, so that it will fall in the opponent's half of the court and if possible so that the opponent cannot return it. There are three chief strokes in tennis from which all others originated. They are: forehand ground stroke, the backhand ground stroke and the service first stroke.Players who only begin to go in for tennis must practise these strokes. Later other strokes must be practised, such as: volley, half-volley, smash, lob and others. Tennis develops strength, agility, speed and stamina. The umpire and linesmen are appointed to conduct the contest in tennis. Words and Word Combinations forehand ground stroke — удар справа по отскочившему от земли мячу backhand ground stroke — удар слева по отскочившему от земли мячу service first stroke — удар, вводящий мяч в игру volley — удар с лета half-volley — удар с полулета smash — «смэш», удар над головой по высоко летящему мячу lob — удар «свеча» to choose— выбирать willingly — охотно racket — ракетка level — ровный court — площадка, корт object — цель

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to bat — бить opponent — противник to return — возвращать stroke — удар strength — сила agility — ловкость, быстрота speed — скорость stamina— выносливость Questions to the Oral Topic 1.When did you begin to go in for tennis? 2. What is tennis played with? 3. Where is it played? 4. Is the court divided into two parts by a net? 5. How many players make a team? 6. What is the object of the game? 7. How many strokes are there in tennis? 8. What chief strokes do you know in tennis? 9. What kinds of play are there in tennis? 10. What qualities does tennis develop? DIALOGUE A. Come and have a game of tennis. B. All right. I don't mind a knock-up. The trouble is, my racket has lost its spring. Let's toss for sides. A. Well, I'll stay in this court and you can have service. B. What's wrong? Some of your services are unplayable. A. I've strained my wrist, so I shall have to serve underhand. I wish I were in better form. B. Well, was that in or out? A. It was a fault, just over the base-line. B. Oh, hang, another fault. Right into the net this time. A. Now my service! B. You got in a good smash at the net, when I sent you that last lob. A. What's the score? B. Forty. Notes I don't mind a knock-up. — Я не прочь сделать разминку. Let's toss for sides. — Давай бросим жребий — кому на какой стороне играть. Some of your services are unplayable. — Некоторые твои подачи совершенно невозможно отбить. I've strained my wrist. — У меня растяжение запястья. I shall have to serve underhand. — Мне придется подавать снизу. Was that out? — Мяч ушел за пределы площадки? You got a good smash at the net. — Тебе очень хорошо удался удар «СМЭШ».

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UNIT VI. SUPPLEMENTARY READING.

SPORTING EVENTS In England, many traditional sporting contests take place at approximately the same time every year. The most important among them are: 1. The Oxford -Cambridge Boat Race (end of March or beginning of April) 2. Bumping Races (usually the fourth week in May) 3. The Cup Final (usually the first Saturday in May) 4. The Grand National (April) 5. The Derby (late May or June) 6. The Henley Regatta (July) 7. The London to Brighton Car Rally (November) THE OXFORD – CAMBRIDGE BOAT-RACE

The annual contest between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge is one of the greatest sporting events in the world. It is held on the River Thames at the and of March or in early April, the course being the 41/4 mile stretch of river between Putney and Mortlake. The time of the race varies between about midday and three o'clock. The race was first rowed at Henley in 1829, but was transferred to the present course in 1845. By 1966 Cambridge had won 61 times, Oxford 50_times, with one dead heat in 1877 .It is watched by crowds on the riverbank, in boats, and at home on television. In rough weather the water ca n become very choppy at certain points along the course. The Cambridge boat sank in 1859, both crews sank in 1912, and Oxford sank in 1925 and 1951. In 1948, Cambridge set up a new record for the course -17 min. 50 sec.

BUMPING RACES Eights Week at Oxford Eights Week at Oxford, usually the fourth week, in May, is a fine spectacle and should not be missed by anyone interested in old customs. It is the time when the main bumping races of the year are held and the college eighths compete on the River Isis. Apart from the races there is much to see - ladies' fancy hats, the coxes' gay buttonholes, the ancient but dignified college "barges", and a dazzling display of colourful ties and blazers. Races are run on a league principle, with different divisions. The last race on the last day decides which college is Head of the River. Boats are spaced at intervals,

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and the object is to catch and bump the one in front. A crew succeeding four days in succession win their oars (the cox his rudder) -and by ancient custom throw their cox into the river!

CUP FINAL Cup, Football Associations. Competition for the cup is on the knock -out principle, and is played in two sections: a qualifying competition and the competition proper, the latter consisting of six rounds, semifinals, and finals. Usually played on the first Saturday in May, often in the presence of royalty. ( The Waverley Encyclopedia )

HORSE-RACING Horse-racing began in the Arab countries many centuries ago. It spread to most European nations by the eighteenth century, and to the United States soon afterwards. The greatest of the National Hunt races, the Grand National, is also recognised as the hardest in the world to win, for it has a considerable variety of obstacles, and also attracts a very large field of runners. ( The Everyday Encyclopaedia for Every Boy and Girl ) THE HENLEY ROYAL REGATTA The reaches of the Thames at Henley are not only the most beautiful along the river, but, because of a straight stretch of more than a mile immediately below the town, offer an ideal course for racing shells. The Henley Royal Regatta, established in 1839, has brought together not only the pick of English crews but, in the open events, has attracted competitors from Europe, America and Australia. The course is 1 mile 350 yards with its finish near the town bridge in sheltered water , with sunny meadows and the shaded lawns of country houses on each side of the rivery. The races are rowed in the first week of July and furnish three days of continuous excitement to the spectators that throng the towpath, and the enclosures at the finish. Because of the narrowness of the river and the many entries, the races are now rowed in heats of two or more entries. ( Encyclopaedia Britannica )

THE LONDON TO BRIGHTON CAR RALLY

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An annual British tradition which captures the imagination of the whole nation is the London to Brighton Car Rally in which a fleet of ancient cars indulges in a light-hearted race from the Capital to the Coast. From London to Brighton When the veteran cars set out on the London-Brighton run each November, they are celebrating one of the great landmarks in the history of motoring in Britain. For the benefit of the uninitiated - a "Veteran" car is one built before 1905. At 8 o'clock comes the "Off" and the nostalgic exhaust notes of late Victorian and Edwardian days sound among the trees in the park: One by one they move off down Constitution Hill, past Buckingham Palace, along the misty Mall and over Westminster Bridge. Through the southern suburbs they go out into the open countryside of Surrey and Sussex. The procession of old cars takes nearly an hour to pass a given point of Brighton's Madeira Drive. The Run is not a race. Entrants are limited to a maximum average speed of 20 miles per hour. The great thing is not speed but quality of performance.

EXERCISES Render the following in English. Use the words and phrases given below. БУМЕРАНГ СЛАВЫ Мистер Джо Тимбери — популярная личность в Австралии: он 15-кратный чемпион по бросанию бумеранга. Слава — тяжкий груз. Тимбери вознамерился продемонстрировать свое искусство в центре Парижа, на Эйфелевой башне. Бумеранг, брошенный мастерской рукой Тимбери, должен был, по его замыслу, облететь вокруг первого этажа башни и вернуться в его руки. Однако бумеранг отказался повиноваться: после первого броска, благополучно облетев башню, он попал в голову зазевавшегося американского туриста. Во второй раз бумеранг сбил шляпу с англичанки, а в третий — прошелся по головам трех немцев и последним ударом попал в полицейского. Толпа решительно воспротивилась новой попытке Тимбери доказать свое «мастерством boomerang effect; Mr Joe Timbery; Australia; the Eiffel Tower; a champion in throwing the boomerang; to demonstrate one's skill; his idea was that ...; to go round; to refuse to obey; the first attempt; a gaping tourist; to knock a hat off smb.'s head; to hit on the head

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Список использованной литературы. 1. Макарова Г.А. «Английский язык для отъезжающих», СП «Норд», Москва, 1991, стр. 148-149. 2. Сушкевич А.С., Маглыш М.А. «Английский язык. Устные темы с упражнениями», 2-ое изд. доп., Минск,2000, ООО « Аверсэв», стр. 94100. 3. Миньяр-Белоручева А.П. «Topics. Сборник разговорных тем по английскому языку», Изд. «Московский лицей», 2001 г., стр. 30 -32. 4. Журина Т. Ю. «Английский язык. Тематический сборник для подготовки к устному экзамену по английскому языку за курс средней школы. 11 кл.», 2-ое изд. стереотипное, М., Дрофа, 2000, стр. 52-58. 5. Химукина Т.Н. « В Великобритании принято так», Л., 1975, стр. 80 -95. 6. Гордон Е.М. «Время и залог в современном английском», М.,1971, стр. 33-34, 70-71. 7. Шевцова С. В. «Пособие по развитию устной речи», М., 1972, стр. 27,51,112. 8. Дегтярева В.В. «Учебник английского языка», изд. «Вища школа», Киев, 1975, стр. 75, 157-158, 169-171, 179-180, 186-188, 196-197, 215-216, 232239, 259-261, 308-309.

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Содержание.

Unit I. I am a Sportsman. Oral Oral Oral Oral Oral

Topic Topic Topic Topic Topic

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

About Myself……………………………………………………2 My Family……………………………………………………….5 We are Students…………………………………………………8 My Working Day……………………………………………….10 Our Training…………………………………………………….12

Unit II. Sport in our Life. Oral Oral Oral Oral Oral

Topic Topic Topic Topic Topic

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Man…………………………………………………………14 Sports…………………………………………………………….17 Sports and Healthy Mode of Life……………………………….20 My Favourite Sportsman………………………………………..23 What Makes All People Kin…………………………………….26

Unit III. Sports in Different Countries. Oral Topic 1. Sports in Great Britain. Text I. Sports, Hobbies………………………………………………………….30 Text II. Sports in Great Britain………………………………………………….33 Text III. Sports in Great Britain…………………………………………………37 Text IV.Sports in Britain…………………………………………………………38 Oral Topic 2.Sports in Russia. Text I. Sports in Russian Federation…………………………………………….39 Text II. Sports In Russia………………………………………………………….42 Oral Topic 3. Sports in the USA. Text I. Sports in the USA………………………………………………………..42 Text II. Sports in the USA………………………………………………………46

Unit IV. Olympic Games. Oral Topic 1.The History of the Olympic Games. Text I. The History of the Olympic Games……………………………………..47 Text II. Sports in our Life………………………………………………………..50 Text III. Olympic Games in Seoul………………………………………………53 Oral Topic 2. The Olympic Games. Text I. The Olympic Games……………………………………………………55

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Unit V. My Speciality. Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text

I. Our Institute………………………………………………………………58 II. Track-and-Field Athletics……………………………………………….59 III. Boxing…………………………………………………………………...61 IV. Football………………………………………………………………….62 V. Wrestling…………………………………………………………………63 VI. Swimming……………………………………………………………….64 VII. Volleyball………………………………………………………………65 VIII. Gymnastics……………………………………………………………67 IX. Tennis……………………………………………………………………68

Unit VI. Supplementary Reader. Sporting Events…………………………………………………………………69 The Oxford-Cambridge Boat-Race…………………………………………….70 Bumping Races………………………………………………………………….70 Cup Final………………………………………………………………………..70 Horse-Racing……………………………………………………………………71 The Henley Royal Regatta……………………………………………………..71 The London to Brighton Car Rally…………………………………………….71 Список использованной литературы……………………………………..73 Содержание……………………………………………………………………74