Sophocles: Ajax [Reprint ed.] 1853996459, 9781853996450

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SOPHOCLES THE PLAYS AND FRAGMENTS.

PART

VII.

THE AJAX.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, C.

CLAY, Manager.

F. :

FETTER LANE,

©lasgoto: 50,

WELLINGTON STREET.

Eeipjtg: l^ein

3Sombag

anti

lork:

E.G.

F. A.

G. P.

Calcutta:

BROCKHAUS.

PUTNAM'S SONS.

MACMILLAN AND

[A// Rights

reserved.']

CO., Ltd.

SOPHOCLES THE PLAYS AND FRAGMENTS WITH CRITICAL NOTES, COMMENTARY, AND TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH PROSE,

BY

Sir

RICHARD

C.

JEBB,

Litt. D.

FORMERLY REGIUS PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

See^

PART VII. THE AJAX.

CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY 1907

.AS

PRESS.

First Edition 1896

Reprinted 1907

^.^^t

Mc.^T^ vi

p?-^.

W

22933

.^

PREFATORY NOTE. The commentary not an

is

contained in

enlargement of that which

to the Catena Classicorum, but a

In

sending forth

this

edition

this I

of the

Ajax

contributed in 1868

new one throughout.

volume, which

finishes,

so

far

as

the extant plays of Sophocles are concerned, the task which I

began

the

in

1883,

I

desire to repeat

Syndics and to the

Press,

who have enabled

my

staff of the

the

work

acknowledgments to

Cambridge University

to be carried

on under the

most favourable conditions which publishers or printers could provide.

A

volume containing the Fragments of Sophocles

is

preparation.

R. C. Cambridge, September^ 1896.

JEBB.

in

TO MY WIFE I

DEDICATE THIS EDITION OF SOPHOCLES,

WHICH HAS OWED MORE TO HER SYMPATHY

THAN TO ANY OTHER

AID.

CONTENTS. Introduction

The Ajax

I.

§

page

Aethiopis.

The

3.

§

of the Iliad.

Legend

Aeacidae.

^.

that

The Ajax

§ 8.

(i)

of Sophocles.

unity of the play.

The

".

Ajax and the § 4. Ajax was invulnerable. The § 5.

The

10.

§

issue thus raised.

Analysis.

The

12.

§

His speech in verses 646

— 692.

cation

upon the Greeks.

14.

§

§

The

The Teucer

story of

(ii)

Dramatic

moods

of

His impre-

13.

§

The

divine judgment.

His scenes

Teucer.

16.

§

successive

11.

§

this part

of the

His Eurysaces.

§ 19.

Tecmessa.

17•

§ 18.

§ 9.

Modern criticism on The Chorus.

with the Atreidae. play.

§

Odysseus.

15.

6.

veto on the burial.

Ajax.

Athena.

§

SaXa/xtVtai.

(iii)

J.

The

Cyclic epics.

2.

Little Iliad.

Ajax-trilogy of Aeschylus, §

§

ix

Ajax

o{ Sophocles.

§ 20.

in later literature.

Illustrations

from ancient Art. §

Evidence

21.

for the date of the play.

The

§ 22.

title.

Manuscripts, Editions, etc §§ I,

§

Mss.

2.

3.

§

Scholia.

The

§ 4.

Proposed transpositions.

Lacunae.

text.

Iv

state of the

Interpolations.

Editions.

5.

Metrical Analysis

Ix

.........

Ancient Argument to the Play Structure

;

Dramatis Personae

;

Text

10

Appendix. Indices

3

-213

........... .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

241

INTRODUCTION.

I.

§

Among

the plays of Sophocles there were many, as

and fragments show, of which the scene was laid at Troy, and of which the action was founded on the epics of the Trojan cycle. This series ranged over the whole course of the ten years' war, from its earliest incidents, as told in the Cypria, down to the

titles

of the city, as told in the Ilmpersis.

fall

nected with this

series,

but the Ajax

which actually belongs to

it.

The

Philoctetes

con-

is

the only remaining piece

story

is

taken from sources

than the Iliad, but the conception of the hero, though

later

modified by that later legend,

fundamentally Homeric.

is

the Iliad, Ajax, the son

In

from

is

The

of Telamon, comes to

and

Troy The

Ajax

on the //^^^ extreme left of the army, at the east end of the camp, as Achilles holds the corresponding post of honour on the rights He is an independent chief, subject only to the allegiance which all the chiefs owe to the Captain General, Agamemnon. There is no reference to his descent from Aeacus nor is there anything that connects him especially with Athens^. He has Salamis with twelve

ships,

stationed

is

—

—

;

—

^

//. II. 7

^

In the Catalogue only two verses are given to Ajax,

9.

Aias

'

\$

[€ ' '^

//. 2.

ayev

557

f.

:

vrjas

077^5•]

tV

The second verse is absent from our best mss. as it was from some of the editions known to Quintilian (5. 11 § 40). Aristotle {Rhet. i. 15 § 13) alludes to it as having ,

been quoted by the Athenians in support of their claim to Salamis, and the

inter-

polation must be at least as old as the date of their controversy with the Megarians {circ.

600

— 595

B.C.),

whether the author was Solon or not.

rejected the verse, pointing out that Ajax, on the extreme

left,

The Alexandrian

critics

had the Thessalians

for

INTRODUCTION, a well-recognised rank as being, next to Achilles, the greatest

army\

the Greek

warrior in

Gigantic

and shoulders than

a head

frame, he

emphatically the

is

In comeliness, too, he

fellows

his '

bulwark

stature

in

— and

'

—

of

of the

by

taller

massive

a

Greek

host^.

second only to the son of Peleus^ but huge Ares is the god to whom he is compared and when he is described with a smile on his grim face,' it is in is

'

'

;

'

the joy of

The Homeric

battle•*.

poet illustrates the qualities

— both

—

impetuous and obstinate by likening him, and then, when he is forced back first, by superior numbers, to a stubborn ass, whom boys, with of his valour

to a lion in his onset,

feeble but incessant blows, laboriously cudgel out of a corn-

Staunch and steadfast, he never fails his friends at need whether it be some individual comrade, such as his halfbrother Teucer, whom he protects^, or whether he comes to the In the absence of rescue of the whole army at some crisis^ Achilles, it is only Ajax who is a match for Hectorl The fields

—

Ajax

sevenfold shield^ of

not only his characteristic attribute,

is

but the symbol of his service, signal

defence

in

was next

to the

Athenians

is

compared

681), while Odysseus, at the middle of the

(//. 13.

329)

{//. 4.

but especially

in attack,

and as the mighty shield

:

on the right

his neighbours

—great

:

Strabo

in

camp,

9. p. 394.

Verse 557 may have been interpolated along with v. 558. If, however, it belonged it must originally have been followed by more than one verse

? . $

to the genuine text,

relating to Ajax, ^

) II. 2.

He

'

1340)

;

and

^. //.

3.

.

II. 17.

^ //.

7•

5

//. II.

^

As

fight ^

^

apiaro's

;

with Pindar (^.

Aias

Dictys

;

227

'^,^

2 79•

4. 5, etc.).

''€

''

28

^-

o0/)'

^

re

^

weXopios

olos

548—562.

The Greek

€,

|

with Alcaeus

(fr.

48 rov

with Sophocles

;

in later literature (Hor. S. 2. 3. 193 /leros ab Achille secundus

6

in the battle at the ships,

(//. 7.

Made

;

drep)

27

7•

chiefs rejoice

//. 8.

"^:

when

it

:

229

;

{.

Philostratus

TreXopios,

epKOs

22

266, etc.

when he wounds Hector

over the body of Patroclus (17. 281

combat ^

'

768

.

^

too important to be dismissed so curtly.

holds the same rank in the Odyssey (11. 468)

Heroic. 719 f 2

who was

(//. 14.

409

if.)

;

or in the

ff.).

falls to

the lot of Ajax to meet Hector in single

182).

of seven layers of bull's hide, with a layer of metal nailed on the top,

—as described

in //. 7.

219

— 223.

AJAX IN THE

ILIAD.

owner himself the Achaeans\

the Iliad to a tower, so

its

xi

elsewhere called 'a

is

tower of strength' to The Athena of Sophocles speaks of Ajax as pre-eminent not only for bravery but

This

prudence'-.

for

is

true to the

him in the Iliad. Once, indeed, after he has uttered a defiant and menacing challenge, Hector calls him 'a blunderer, a clumsy braggart^'; as, in Shakespeare, Thersites calls him a In another 'beef-witted lord,' and Ulysses, 'the lubber AjaxV place, however, when he agrees, at the herald's suggestion, to break off his combat with Hector, though he was having the his chivalrous opponent recognises Ajax as one to best of it, whom the gods have given, not only stature and might,' but *understanding^' His good sense is conspicuous in the embassy to Achilles, where he is the colleague of Odysseus and Phoenix. picture of

—

—

'

It

moment

he who perceives when the

is

has

come

for ceasing

Let us go hence for I do not think that the end of our message can be gained by this inexorable hero.

the

press

to

He

'

;

companions that it seems hopeless to move Achilles at present and then, turning to Achilles himself, he addresses him in words of frank reproach, but also of friendly appeal and of cordial good-will^ One trait, however, marks an important difference between the Homeric and the later conception. In the play of Sophocles Ajax appears as one who has offended Athena by the presumptuous self-confidence with which he has rejected divine aid in war. There is no trace of this in the Iliad. While he is arming for the combat with Hector, he exhorts the Greeks to pray that Zeus m.ay help him''. In the mission.'

out

points

his

to

:

battle at the ships, after splendid deeds of valour, he retreats

when he

perceives, with a thrill of awe, that, for the time, the

gods are against him^.

. ^

^

V.

^

II.

^

caKos

219

//. 7.

119

TLS

3• 824 Troilus and

^

//. 7•

288

^

II. 9-

624

^

//.

— 642.

6. 119

J. S.

tTrei

VII.

7'''^ ^'

Od. 11. 556 (of Ajax) tolos 'yap

^^

.

1

TrpovouffTepos,

2, 3• 3•

|

^39•

re

debs

^

Afas

body of

; . € ^^ - . ' . :

$7) €€$,

Cressida, 1.

',

battle over the

During the

//. 7•

re

193

|

ff•

re

|

^pya

d

INTR OD UCTION.

xii

when

Patroclus,

a thick mist has fallen on the

field, his

prayer

Zeus\ Such is the Ajax of the Iliad', a mighty champion of the Greeks in their sorest need a man of good sense and good feeling, sparing of words, but able to speak wisely in season loyal to his friends straightforward and unselfish frankly conscious of his strength, but placing his reliance on the help of the gods, and yielding, even in the fiercest struggle, to revelafor light breathes reverent

submission to the

will of

;

;

;

;

tions of their mind.

A

Ajax and Odysseus for the arms of the defeat and suicide of Ajax, is first

contest between

Achilles, resulting in

where the sullen shade of the injured hero refuses to hold converse with the victor. It was the goddess Thetis who set her son's arms for a prize 'the judges were the children of the Trojans and Pallas Athena.' mentioned

in the Odyssey^,

;

epics.

The whole passage

§ 2.

Cyclic

some

evidently presupposes

well-

The l^nown

Aethiopts.

work or works in which the contest for the arms had been related more at length. The scholiast says that 'the story comes from the Cyclic poets^' There are two poems, and two only^

which are known to have contained that 1

//. 17.

2

Od.

II.

645ff.

,' ^^^^

543—547: ' AiWros o'lt)

€€ iraides

On

-

''

'

the last verse (547) the schol. (H) says,

what grounds he rejected or because

it

it;

conflicted with

having better authority

;

or for both reasons.

()

is

One

is

the

^

,. ^€ ?.

It is

not

known on

whether because the verse was absent from some copies; some other version of the matter which he regarded as

suspecting this particular verse

proposed the prize

story.

;

The

context itself affords no reason for

on the contrary, the mention of the person who

most naturally followed by a mention of the persons who

would be maimed by the omission. W. Christ holds that Aristarchus was mistaken in condemning verse 547, and that it represents an early version of the story, probably that given by Arctinus in the Aethiopis {jfahr. f. Philol. 1881 p. 444): see also Kirchhoff {Ho??i. Odyss. p. 231); and K. F. Ameis ad loc. The whole passage relating to the contest of the arms may, no doubt, be later

made

the award; and the passage

than other parts of the ^

Schol.

on Od.

Ne/ci/ia.

11.

547

.

— THE AETHIOPIS.

CYCLIC EPICS. AetJiiopis,

— xiii

by Arctinus of Miletus, which may be placed about The other is the Little Iliad, which in later antiquity

^^6 B.C. was commonly (though not universally) ascribed to Lesches*, of Pyrrha, near Mitylene, and of which the approximate date is 700

B.C.

In the AetJiiopis, which contained the death of Achilles,

Ajax

played a foremost part in rescuing the corpse from the Trojans an episode imitated from the fight over the body of Patroclus

As

manner

which Arctinus conceived the the arms, only two details are known, (i) After the

in the Iliad.

contest for

to the

award, Podaleirius

in

— the physician, skilled

ailments, as his brother

Machaon was

diagnosis of obscure

in

—per-

the great surgeon

,,^

ceived a fierce light in the eyes of Ajax, and a weight upon his spirit,

which were the precursors of the end pa

.

:

re vory/na^.

^

222

As Carl Robert has pointed ff.),

the claim of Lesches

is

zmd Lied ('Arktinos und Lesches,' pp. much doubt. Hellanicus, himself a Lesbian,

out in Bild

subject to

Lacedaemon, according to the scholiast on Eur. Tro. 82 1 where Thestorides of Phocis and Diodorus of Erythrae are mentioned as other writers to whom the poem had been attributed while Lesches is not even named. The scholiast probably derived this statement from the Alexandrian Lysiattributed the Little Lliad to Cinaethon of ;

—

'

machus, a learned mythographer, whose work entitled ^

Schol.

'ApKrlwos

' II.

//.

515 (referring to the

Arctinus, on the skill of

Machaon and

skill of

is

Machaon

oh

often quoted.

in surgery)

'aoiKe

:

,'

[here he quotes eight verses from

Podaleirius respectively, ending with the two

which (i) the ended with the contest between Ajax and Odysseus for the arms: (2) the -rrepais, which (like the Lttt/e Lliad) probably included the healing of Philoctetes. The verses given above].

scholiast

Arctinus was the author of two poems:

. .

quotes these verses as being

^

It

has been supposed

that they occurred in connection with the contest for the arms,

the scholiast scholiast

is

ought to have said iv

right

— that the verses

healing of Philoctetes. vol. V. p. 29), If,

'

But

it

is

also

and

that therefore

possible that the

came from the Iliupersis, and had to do with the Mr Monro has remarked {yourn. LLellen. Stud.

Certainly, as

the two lines about Ajax have rather the appearance of a parenthesis.'

however, the

insight

skill of Podaleirius was thus illustrated by a glance backward at the which he had formerly shown with regard to Ajax, we can scarcely avoid sup-

posing that in the Aethiopis,

when

the contest for the arms was being related, this

observation by Podaleirius had already been mentioned.

clumsy and out of place,

if

the fact

was being noticed

an allusion might well suggest the inference that

The

parenthesis would be

for the first time.

Indeed, such

in the Aethiopis the contest for the

arms, and the effect of his defeat upon Ajax, were described with some fulness.

b2

——a INTRODUCTION,

xiv

Arctinus described Ajax as killing himself 'about davvn^' doubtless on the morning after the award. There is no reason

(2)

mentioned that delusion of Ajax by

to think that Arctinus

Athena which caused

The scanty

his slaughter of the cattle.

evidence rather suggests that the rage in the hero's soul was not

any deed of

he passed in seclusion, perhaps within his tent, the few hours of darkness between his It is highly probable that the older and defeat and his death^. simpler form of the Ajax-myth knew nothing of his insane onslaught on the cattle, by which Athena averted his vengeance from the Greek chiefs. The motive of his suicide, in this older version, seems to have been simply resentment at the award not that feeling combined with a sense of disgrace incurred by expressed

own

his

in

passage in the says,

'

Such

action.

violence, but that

Odyssey'^.

given also by Pindar,

It is

The Danaoi paid

by the

certainly the impression given

is

when he

court to Odysseus by secret votes, and

Ajax, robbed of the golden arms, wrestled with deaths' Pindar agrees with Arctinus in saying that Ajax died about dawn coincidence which can hardly be accidental ^

—

^

6

7\

Schol. Find. Isthm. 4. (3.) 58 avekelv.

^

We

leirius

have just seen that, according to Arctinus,

who

'

first'

symptoms

detected the

it

was the acute physician Poda-

of anger and deep mental trouble in Ajax.

This clearly implies that Ajax, though with rage in his soul, retained his self-com-

mand. the

What

tragic

the physician

event

— the

was

'

the

first

understand the force of irpQTos

.

'

to see, others

saw only

which so quickly ensued.

hero's suicide,

The

antithesis

might

in the light of

So,

at

I

least,

be, of course, with

the later perception caused in others by an outbreak of fury on the part of Ajax: but, in connection with the fact

that he

immediately after the award,

seems

^

this

was here represented

as

dying almost

less probable.

Od. II. 543 ff. not merely because it is silent respecting madness and outrage, it implies (556 f.) that Ajax had died, like Achilles, in unclouded renown :

but because

—without having done anything (v.

to offend the Greeks,

726) threaten to stone Teucer, as

'

the

who

in the play of

kinsman of the maniac, the

Sophocles

plotter against

the host.' ^

Ne??i. 8.

26

f.

Precisely the

^

award

diate consequence of the

KapTepbs A'ias

$

—

is

same impression conveyed

$.

\

— that

€$

the suicide was the

in Ne7n. 7. 25, ov

imme\

6

Eustathius (p. 1698. 51), in commenting on Od. 11. 543 ff., thus closes his paraphrase of the account given by some Others' (who probably include Arctinus)

Isthm.

3•

above, note

i).

^

53

^ , , \

[?]

At'as i.e.

'at the

.

end of the night, '=:7rept

(see

—

THE A There

PIS.

another point, however,

is

;

xv

which

seems probable According to Pindar, the Greek chiefs

that they diverged.

in

it

were the judges in the contest for the arms. This account, which Sophocles follows, is fitted to win sympathy for Ajax, who appears as a victim of jealousy and of ingratitude on

men who had

the part of

the best reason to

know

that he

was

second only to Achilles. But the Odyssey testifies to that other version according to which the judges were the children of the '

The words

Trojans and Pallas Athena.'

— The

of the scholiast* there

from the Cyclic poets. Agamemnon, on his guard against seeming to favour either of the competitors for the arms of Achilles, brought some Trojan prisoners, and asked them by which of the two heroes they had been more injured,' etc. There is no reason to doubt that

deserve attention

the scholiast

:

story

'

knew

is

of this account as given in some

poems) of the Epic Cycle.

poem

(or

assuming that he invented this statement to explain the verse on which he was commenting. But the AetJiiopis and the Little Iliad are, so far as we know, the only Cyclic poems to which his allusion could refer. And in the Little Iliad the award of the arms was decided, not by Trojan prisoners in the Greek camp, but (as will be seen presently) by Trojan opinion reported from Troy itself. Presumably, then, it was in the AetJiiopis that the Trojan Since that poem dated from the prisoners acted as judges. 1

on Od.

Schol.

There

no warrant

is

for

,€ ^$ ^ , \$ ^»', Eustathius

ii. 547.

(p.

1698) cannot,

I

think, be regarded as

a witness of independent authority on this point, though that has sometimes been

.$ 6\ ^,

assumed.

...

Commenting on

.

Here he

is

he says:

7rat5es 5e

KoiVros [Quint. Smyrn.

{2)

€€

5•

128

€

repeating, partly veroalim, Schol.

simply 'Mi- Trojans,' with Athena

with this version

— as

— and

tols

ff.]

^

adds nothing new. Thus he distinguishes two versions, in connection

ore (i) ol

^

in the

Odyssey.

for a reason

on

Oct. 11.

which can,

I

Quintus makes Nestor say, 157)•

Eustathius noticed or remembered

Quintus meant the Trojan prisoners (2)

The

version given

was manifestly known reproduces.

in the

— but not that, by

camp

— in

(as

which he

,

think, be perceived

...

(5.

the Nestor of

he presently explains,

v. 160).

—

which ^Ae Trojan prisoners judged Eustathius only from the scholium on the Odyssey, which he

by Others' to

this,

547, to

That in which the judges are He names Quintus Smyrnaeus

(i)

(^repoi)

INTRODUCTION.

xvi

earlier part of the eighth century {circ.

776

B.C.),

the verse in

the Nekyia of the Odyssey^

^,

may have been founded upon

great part, older, probably, than 800 received

some additions

centuries.

It

is

in the

it.

B.C.,

The Nekyia

is,

in

but unquestionably

course of the eighth and seventh

not necessary, however, to suppose that the

Nekyia was here indebted to the Aethiopis. Both may have used some older source now unknown. When the Homeric poet associates Pallas Athena with the Trojan judges, he need '

'

not be understood as conceiving that she actually presided over the award,

— as

in the

of the Areiopagus,

Etnnenides she presides at the

—but

first

session

merely that she influenced the minds

of the arbiters. The

% 3-

Little

Iliad.

The author

spirit quite different

of the Little Iliad seems to have worked in a

The

from that of Arctinus.

Aethiopis was

more in the temper of the Iliad while the other poem had more affinity to the Odyssey, more of the lighter Ionian vein, and a larger element of romance. The contest for the arms was managed in a way which indicates the desire to avoid imitation of some earlier poet who had referred the award a grave epic,

\

By

to the Trojan captives.

Nestor's advice, the Greeks send

hope that they may overhear some Trojan comments on the rival Greek heroes. The spies are fortunate. At that very moment two Trojan maidens are discussing Ajax and Odysseus. One of them deems Ajax the braver, since he carried the corpse of Achilles out of the fray. even a woman The other, inspired by Athena, reproves her can bear a burden, when it is laid on her, but she cannot fight'; and added, doubtless, that it was Odysseus who had proThe Greek chiefs, on hearing the report tected the retreat. Ajax, of their messengers, adjudged the arms to Odysseus \ spies to the walls of Troy, in the

;

—

'

—

—

^

' ' , {^ ? , '

Schol. on Ar. Eq. 1056. At'as

The

^7

The second answered

first

.

irpovoia)

TTcDs

maiden

said,

cteipe

8ios

^Odvaaeus'

iirei

Kev

:

'Genre's;

;

€

'

— THE LITTLE stricken with frenzy,

of the Greeks

made

ILIAD.

xvii

the onslaught on the flocks and herds

Agamemnon,

and afterwards slew himself \

:

probably by the counsel of the seer Calchas, decreed that the body of Ajax should not receive the customary form of funeral should not be burned, but should be placed

i.e.,

in a coffin,

and

Here, then, we have two traits which are distinctive

interred".

by Sophocles, the onslaught of the mad Ajax on the cattle, and the idea that, after his death, his body was liable to be treated with some degree of penal dishonour. Both these traits, so far as can now be judged, were peculiar to of the story as handled

the Little Iliad.

In

the other version

— that

indicated in the

Odyssey and by Pindar, and probably given by Arctinus

— Ajax

died guiltless of offence against the Greeks, and received, like

and uncontested

Achilles, the spontaneous

tribute

of public

mourning. Before the age of

§ 4.

Attic

the

dramatists,

the

Ajax

legend received some further developments which were probably

unknown to the of Ajax among

One of these was the enrolment The Iliad bestows the name of

Cyclic poets. the Aeacidae.

^)7

^

he inadvertently wrote

this

in

object

with

mind an

in

The scholiast may have derived Didymus on Sophocles, mentioned

of

viov.

above them being merely

construction of

illustrate the

to

itself (326),

'.

a remarkable

The

veov.

to the scholium on E/. 28.

1225 by quoting

the

place.

its

is

a superscript

V.

...

'I'ricHnius for insert-

^' iaTw

:

compounded from Ai. 326, ' tl and Ant. 242, fixed to it, probably denote Didymus (the a mark cahing attention to the note); they This verse

)

is,

As the metre shows, there The schoHum runs thus: means that an irrational long syllable is subordinary time- value of a long syllable,

() ,

—

v.y

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it,

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Parodos, vv. 172

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— ^1

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— ^ ^ — ^ ^

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in the

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— 200.

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662 ('Der daktylo-epitritische Strophen-

METRICAL ANALYSIS. first

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ANTISTROPHE.

879

— 890 lyrics

— 899 trimeters 900 — 903 904 — 907 trimeters 891

(d)

— 960.

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STROPHE. (a)

vv. 879

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partly of iambic trimeters.

as follows

.

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915

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METRICAL ANALYSIS,

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— 1222.

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II.

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9

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METRICAL ANALYSIS.

Ixxii

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19 moving round and round, going backwards and forwards in the attempt to make out the footprints, like a hound questing about

. $ .

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Sens. 6 p. 446 U,«»«'^iv«-

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24

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[Campb., by an oversight due doubtless like the other MSS. 89 Kvpetv ,

it

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is

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88

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assent ('well, certainly'), as so often in Plato {e.g.f Soph. p. 245 XeyeLs). not ^eas, the gene-

see thee.'

shades of meaning,

'

('to

. .

elude

the

Cp. Thuc.

argument').

2.

:

Tois avTots, i.e. with 84 Odysseus foreyesight as good as ever. gets, or ignores, the promise of Athena that she would ave}•^ from him the eyes She now renews the of Ajax (69 f.). assurance in a stronger form. Ajax shall, in respect to him, be blind. properly implies keen^ 85 bright vision Aesch. Siippl. 409 dedopKos (with Tucker's note). Chrysippus Gellius 14. 4 bebopKos a/>. (said of Justice), which Gellius renders, hiviinibus ocidoriim acribits. .

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,

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Aesch.

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debs.

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297

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Al'as. When a proper 7 of the 3rd declension comes from a stem ending in (as the Attic vocative ends in as: so Ooas, Eur. /. T. 1436. The Homeric vocative of At'as is always Aiai' (a), formed on the analogy of the voc.

89

name

, —

:

'

•

),

—

.

—

!

!

—

—

25

Nay, even now, he

though thou

shall not see thee,

art

near.

How

he still sees with the same eyes ? darken them, though they are open. Od. Well, all is possible when a god contrives. Ath. Stand silent, then, and stay where thou art. Od. I must stay. Would that I were far from here Ath. What ho, Ajax, once again I call thee is this thy

Od.

so, if

will

I

I.

—

!

scanty regard for thine ally

A J AX,

Enter

?

Jiolding a blood-stained scourge in his hand.

Hail, Zeus-born maid How well hast Hail, Athena Aj. Yea, I will crown thy shrine with trophies thou stood by me of pure gold for this prize Ath. 'Tis fairly spoken. But tell me this hast thou dyed thy sword well in the Greek camp } That vaunt is mine I disclaim it not. Aj. Ath. And perchance turned thine armed hand on the !

!

!

—

;

Atreidae

?

oXav, but the accent remains, and the is still clear. The form A^as is also supported and Mosq. b; also by Eustath. p. 1469. 59, Greg. Cor. De Dialect. Ait. here by But A, p. 53, and Choeroboscus p. 105. 13 (ed. Gaisf.) = Bekker Anecd. p. 1183. with the great majority of the later MSS., has Mav, and so the Aldine. 96 MSS., and Aid. Wecklein writes as proposed, after Herm., by Nauck (who

,

:

in his text,

however, leaves to

).

97

,

in as Kpeov (stem KpeovT). vocatives (//. i2. 231), {Od. 8. 14 [) are exceptions, due perhaps to a sense that here the ending -av might suggest an accusative. there is a terrible irony in this, since he had angered her by rejecting her aid in battle (774). 91 Ajax enters from the tent, carrying the heavy, blood-stained thong, with which he has been scourging the cattle Hence the title (241 f.). (see Argument to the Play).

from stems

The