The Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation gives guidance on the pronunciation of many potentially difficult names, words and
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OXFORD BBC GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION
OXFORD BBC GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION
%" Lena Olausson Catherine Sangster
OXFORD UN IIIIIIIII RESS
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 601' Oxford University Press is a department ofthe University ofOxford.
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Contents Preface Note on trademarks andproprietary terms
Introduction
Oxsono BBC GUIDE T0 PRONUNCIATION
viz viii
iar
1
Preface The Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation gives guidance on the pronunciation of names, words, and phrases. Despite its A-Z format it is not so much a dictionary as a collection of particular pronunciations which are tricky, much debated,
curious, or exotic. It is intended for students, teachers, actors, journalists, broadcasters, and anyone interested in ‘saying things right’. The pronunciations are given in an easy-to-read phonetic respelling and also in the system familiar to users of larger Oxford dictionaries, the alphabet of the International Phonetic Association (IPA). Information panels and notes discuss particular pronunciation issues in more detail. Its compact size means that it can be accommodated on a crowded desk, or even slipped into a bag, and be referred to quickly. The book’s main source is the BBC Pronunciation Unit’s own database, and the Wide range of topics and languages covered reflects the great diversity of the BBC’s
output. Since its earliest days the BBC has taken pronunciation very seriously. Lord Reith, the first Director General, set up an
Advisory Committee on Spoken English in 1926. This committee included Robert Bridges, the then Poet Laureate, playwright George Bernard Shaw, and phonetician Daniel Jones. Their task was to advise announcers on ‘words of doubtful pronunciation’; they also turned their attention to place names in the British Isles and beyond. The committee
was disbanded with the outbreak of the Second World War. Since then the provision of pronunciation advice within the BBC has been the responsibility of the full—time staff of the Pronunciation Unit. Like our predecessors we are linguists with specific skills in phonetics and languages, and our remit is broad: to research and advise on the pronunciation of any
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PREFACE
name, word, or phrase in any language required by anyone in the BBC. It is on our work, and our collection ofapproximately
200,000 pronunciations, that this book is based. For this reason we owe particular thanks to all our predecessors in the Unit and the Advisory Committee, on whose shoulders we stand. We are also indebted to the editors of the English pronunciation dictionaries which are always at our elbow as we work, especially John Wells, Clive Upton, Peter Roach, and Jane Setter, and to those ofpronunciation dictionaries in other languages, in particular Duden Ausspracho wiirterbuch, Larousse Dictionnaire de la Prononciation, and RAJ Dizionario d’Ortografia e di Pronunzia. Thanks are due to Angus Stevenson, James McCracken, Judy Pearsall, and Gillian Evans at OUP, and to Trish Stableford for proof-
reading. At the BBC, this book would not have got off the ground without the support of Guy Strickland, Jenny Martin, and Chris Cullen, and would not have stayed in the air without
Martha Figueroa-Clark and Nick Marcus. Lena Olausson Catherine Sangster
Note on trademarks and proprietary terms This dictionary includes some words which have, or are asserted to have, proprietary status as trademarks or otherwise. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a nonproprietary or general significance, nor any other judgement concerning their legal status. In cases where the editorial staff have some evidence that a word has proprietary status this is indicated in the entry for that word by the label trademark, but no judgement concerning the legal status ofsuch words is made or implied thereby.
Introduction About the book Ourjob in the BBC Pronunciation Unit is to help broadcasters correctly pronounce anything they may need to say, and this book is a distillation of our advice. Compared to a standard pronunciation dictionary, therefore, its contents are more varied and the balance is shifted away from words towards proper names and other encyclopedic entries. The pronunciations we have chosen include those for famous people, capital cities, rivers and other geographical features, plants and animals, food and drink, scientific terms, drugs and diseases, musical instruments, composers and their works, and characters from literature and myth. We have selected only those words and phrases which we believe a native speaker of English might be unsure how to pronounce, rather than supplying a larger, more exhaustive set of lexical items. Any such selection process will of course be subjective, and our broad scope means that many interesting pronunciations will inevitably be missing from this small book. However, we decided it best to adopt a magpie-like approach, informed by the usual eclecticism of a day’s work in the Pronunciation Unit, where we regularly flit from news stories to music to drama to quizzes or science programmes. For each entry (with the exception ofa few family names for which multiple pronunciations are possible) we give just one correct pronunciation. VVhere more than one pronunciation would be acceptable we do not list all the possible slight variants, but where variant pronunciations are significant or noteworthy they are discussed in a note. The pronunciations
must reflect one particular accent, and in most respects this is the standardized accent of British English known as Received Pronunciation. However, our English pronunciations do not
INTRODUCTION
reflect any systematic model of RP in terms of features such as yod coalescence (ch and j instead of ty and dy in words like Tuesday and seduce): for this level ofdetail readers should consult an English pronunciation dictionary such as the
Longman Pronunciation Dictionawjy, the Oxford Dictionmy ofPronunciationfor Current English, or the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. This topic is discussed further in the Respelling and IPA sections of this introduction and also the panel on BBC English. Gaddafi, Mu’ammer (also Qaddafi) Libyan head of state muu-um-uhr guh-dah-fi /mo,/\me(r) ga'do:fi/, Arabic [I‘1'111'AII"lI1'18(I‘) qao'Oae:fi] - Established anglicization; see ARABIC paneL
Personal names are listed surname-first for ease of location, although pronunciations of full names are given in their natural order. Significant variant spellings are given, as are unusual plural forms. If both a non-standard plural and a regular -s plural are possible, this is indicated in a note. A brief definition indicates nationality or language where appropriate, and helps confirm that you are looking at the right entry: this is not a full-scale dictionary-type definition. The pronunciation is given first in respelling, and then in IPA;
in some cases native IPA will also be given in square brackets. Cross-references and indications of established anglicizations are given in short (bulleted) notes, and longer notes (between ruled lines) discuss more complex aspects such as variant pronunciations or common mispronunciations. Abbreviations used: AM = American English BR = British English
pl. = plural sing. = singular
Pronunciation policy How does the Pronunciation Unit decide what the ‘right’ pronunciation is? Our work is mostly concerned with foreign pronunciations, and here we consult native speakers as often
INTRODUCTION
as possible. The BBC World Service currently broadcasts in over thirty languages, and we work closely with the different language teams. We have a network of contacts outside the BBC, such as embassies, universities, and museums. We also hold a wide range of specialist pronunciation dictionaries and other written material that has been collected since the days of the Advisory Committee on Spoken English. All our foreign pronunciations are subject to a degree of anglicization. Our general aim is to recommend pronunciations that are as close as possible to the native language in question, but modified slightly so that they still flow naturally
in an English broadcast. The level of anglicization has altered over the years as broadcasters and audiences have become more familiar with the sounds of foreign languages and the BBC has served an increasingly global audience. There
are also what We call established anglicizations, which are foreign names that have accepted English forms, either of both spelling and pronunciation (e.g. Warsaw for Polish Warszawa), or just of pronunciation (e.g. Paris). We always recommend that established anglicizations are used wherever
they exist, as using a native pronunciation instead can confuse the listener, or even sound affected. For more on this topic, see the Anglicization panel. Personal names, foreign or English, are researched with the owner ofthe name whenever possible. For English place names our aim is to recommend a standardized version of the local pronunciation. However, the Pronunciation Unit has never issued any recommendations in regard to British dialects, so we would certainly not insist that someone with a northern accent use a long ah in Bath, even though that is the local pronunciation—and vice versa for Newcastle. VVhere more than one form is used locally it can still be useful to recommend a single pronunciation, for the
sake of consistency. VVhen deciding on recommendations for particular English words we rely heavily on other specialist English pronouncing dictionaries. Sometimes our particular experience can guide us on certain words that always seem to cause
INTRODUCTION
controversy. Our advice on words like kilometre, schedule, and controversy itself, for which more than one pronunciation is listed in the many dictionaries we consult, is that both pronunciations are acceptable and can be defended if we should receive complaints. However, programme makers sometimes find it useful to know if audiences dislike one particular form, and may in certain contexts find it ‘safer’ to
go for the more traditional pronunciation. When providing this context for our users we make it very clear that it is not a judgement of right and wrong on our part, and we do our best to encourage announcers to use whichever form feels natural
in their speech. Our aim is to reflect current spoken language, not, as some people think, to set and uphold a fixed standard for all to emulate. This is no easy task. Language is in constant
flux, and it can be tricky to avoid ‘holding back the tide’ by recommending pronunciations which are too old-fashioned, while at the same time not giving ‘new’ pronunciations before they have become established. We want to acknowledge language change, not instigate it ourselves. Panels Panels discussing pronunciation of specific languages, as well as some other topics, are dispersed throughout the book. We have included panels on Accents, Anglicization, Arabic, BBC English, Clicks, Czech, Dutch, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Tone, and Welsh, and top ten lists of mispronunciations, pronunciation complaints, and most frequently asked pronunciations. They appear in the appropriate place in the alphabet in the A—Z text. These brief discussions are based on language notes put together by past and present members of the Pronunciation Unit. Native speakers and various reference books were also
consulted. The panels are intended to provide an overview of the pronunciation of the language in question, giving some specific pronunciation tips and spelling-to-sound conversions where possible, in line with our anglicization policy. They are
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not intended to give a complete account of that language. We often refer to these panels in the main text, when we feel that the context they provide can be of interest and help clarify a recommendation, for example in the many Latin entries. Respelling The BBC Pronunciation Unit uses an in-house phonetic
spelling system for all written recommendations. It is based on English spelling conventions and should be easily understood by anyone whose native language is English. We do not expect programme makers to be able to use the alphabet ofthe International Phonetic Association (IPA). The phonetic respelling used in this dictionary is based on that used in the Pocket Oaford English Dictionary, but
is similar to the BBC in-house system in many ways. As with the BBC system, it is based on the sounds of English with the
addition of some common non-English sounds such as the front rounded vowels found in French and German.
Consonants b as in bat ch or tch as in church
kh as in Scottish loch or German ich (IPA will disambiguate) I as in leg m as in man
r as in red 5 as in sit Sh as in shop
g as in get
n as in not
h as in hat
‘ll as in top th as in thin th asin this V as in van
ng as in sing
w as in will
hl as in Welsh llan
ng-g as infinger
j as lIl_]£l7n k as in king
nk as in thank p as in pen
y as in yes z asinzebra
Vowels a as in cat e as in bed
uh as in along (‘schwa’)
d as in day
f as infat
i as in pin O as in top
u as in cup uu as in book
ah as in calm aras in bar Biras in hair
zh as in vision
aw as in law ee as in meet 00 as in soon ur as infur
INTRODUCTION
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ay as in say eer as in beer oh as in most oor as in poor or as in corn ow as in cow oy as in boy
y as in cry
oe as in French pen or coeur (IPA will disambiguate) oey as in French fauteuil ue as in French vu or Germanfiinf (IPA will disambiguate)
(n g) after a vowel indicates that it is nasalized. a(ng) as in French
vin ah(ng) as in French blanc
o(ng) as in French bon oe(ng) as in French un
Our respellings, unlike many which appear in dictionaries, acknowledge word-final or pre-consonantal R, as in words like hair and party, which is pronounced in some varieties of English (rhotic accents) and not in others (non-rhotic accents). The BBC Pronunciation Unit’s written advice has always included R where it appears in the spelling, on the
assumption that this will be pronounced by those with rhotic accents, and not by those with non-rhotic accents. Therefore Parker is transcribed as par~kuhr, not pah-kuh.
Stress and syllables Syllables are separated by hyphens, and stressed syllables are marked in bold. Secondary stresses are not given. In unusually long names and words more than one syllable may be marked with stress, and in those cases the IPA will indicate which is primary and which is secondary stress. The way the words are broken into syllables in the respelling is not an attempt to reflect actual syllabification in a given language. Rather, it is a tool to reinforce vowel pronun-
ciations and to ensure the most intuitive transcription. Vlfhen a vowel is long (a long monophthong or a diphthong) or is schwa (uh), the consonant which follows it is placed at the start of the following syllable, if there is one: for example,
pee-tuhr for Peter and puh-tay-toh for potato. When a vowel is short, however, the consonant which follows is placed in the same syllable. The place name Reading, for example, would be transcribed red-ing, not re-ding, which might be confused with the pronunciation ree-ding. VVhen there are
INTRODUCTION
two consonants we split them between the syllables zjbotball is
fuut-bawl. We double S in contexts where an English speaker might otherwise pronounce it as Z, as in ha nss for German Hans. We also double R when it is preceded by a short vowel and followed by another vowel, as in marr-i for marry, merr-i for merry, sorr-i for sorry, mirr-uhr for mirror, and hurr-i for hurry, in order to avoid confusion with, for example, ar-i-uh for aria. IPA
The pronunciation of each entry is also represented using the alphabet of the International Phonetic Association (IPA). These phonemic transcriptions are enclosed by slashes: / /. The IPA transcription represents exactly the same pronunciation that is given in the respelling. However, because a slightly larger range of symbols is used, some sounds can be expressed more precisely in the IPA. For instance, the sound represented as kh in the respelling could either be as in Scottish loch or as in German ich. The IPA uses two different symbols (X and Q) for these two sounds, and so it serves to disambiguate the pronunciation. As with the respelling, the set of sounds used in the IPA transcriptions consists ofthe basic Sounds of English with the addition of a small number of other sounds. The IPA transcriptions also acknowledge Word—final or pre-consonantal R. Because this sound is pronounced in some accents of English and not in others, it appears in brackets in the IPA transcription. Our IPA transcription is a little more basic than some others which appear in larger pronouncing dictionaries. We do not indicate any other optional sounds by bracketing, italicization, or superscription, and we do not allow for syllabic consonants. In other respects the model of transcription we have applied in this book is that used in all current larger Oxford dictionaries. When the pronunciation given is an established anglicization a second IPA transcription is often included. This gives a native pronunciation for the benefit of those familiar with
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INTRODUCTION
the IPA. These pronunciations are enclosed by square brackets: [ ]. In these transcriptions the symbol r is used to denote all r sounds, including the French uvular and the Spanish alveolar trill.
The set ofsymbols used for the main IPA transcriptions are: Consonants b as in bat d as in day fas infilt g as in get
h as in hat j as inyes k as in king las in leg m as in man I1 as in not
Vowels a as in cat 8 as in bed I as in pin i as in cosy D as in top A as in cup
p as in pen
6 as in this
I‘ as in red S as in sit t as in top V as in van W as in will Z as in zebra
I as in shop 3 as in vision if as in church
I] as in sing B as in thin
0: as in law 111 as in soon
(13 as injam
i as in Welsh llan X as in Scottish loch c as in German ich
y as in French vu Y as in German
fiinf AI as in my ao as in cow el as in say
B as in French pen G3 as in French coeur
U as in book
GU as in most
11'->1 as in French
0 as in along
01 as in boy Ia as in beer
(1! as in calm
U9 as in poor
E: as in hair 9: as infin it as in meet
AI8 as infire 309 as in hour
fauteuil
E as in French vin 51 as in French blanc 5 as in French bon G3 as in French un
The symbol I after avowel indicates that the vowel is long. The symbol "' above a vowel indicates that it is nasalized.
Stress Primary stress is marked with ' preceding the stressed syllable. If there is also a secondary stress this is marked with a preceding,.
1
A 83 basaltic lava
ah-ah /'u:u:l Aachen city, Germany
ah-khuhn /'o:xan/ Aallln, €l- city, Western Sahara
uhl y-oon /el A1'l.1ZI1/ Aalborg see Alborg Aaliyah American singer
ah-lee-yuh /o:'li:ja/ Aalsmeer village, Netherlands ahlss-meer /o:ls'm1a(r)/ Aalst city, Belgium ahlst fuzlstl This is the Flemish name. The French name is Alost, pronounced al-ost. Aalto, Alvar Finnish architect and
designer al-var ahl-toh /,alvu:(r) 'u:ltao/ Aarhus see Arhus Aaron biblical name
air-uhn ]'e:ren/ Abaco island, Bahamas
ab-uh-koh /'abakau/ Abadan port, Iran
ab-uh-dahn /aba'du:n/ Ahagnale Jr, Frank American conman ab-uhg-nayl /'abegne11/ Abakan city, Russia
ab-uh-kahn /,aba'ka:n/ abalone edible mollusc ab-uh-loh-ni /,aba'laoni/
Abancay city, Peru
Abbeville town, France ab-veel /ab'vi:l/ Abbeville city, US ab-i-vil /'abiv1l/ abducens nerve cranial nerve
ab-dyoo-suhnz /ab'dju:sanz/ Abdnllah II King ofJordan ab-dul-uh /ab'dAlo/ Abdul Rahman, Thnku Malayan statesman
tuunk-oo ab-duul rah-muhn /,tonku: ,abdo1 ‘ruzmenf Abednego biblical name ab—ed-nee—g0h /absd‘ni:gao/ Commonly 5155 uh-bed-nuh-goh. Abel, Karl Fl'ie(ll'iCl'l German
composer
karl freed-rikh ah-buhl /,ka:(r)l _fri:clric 'u:ba1/ Abel, Niels Henrik Norwegian mathematician
neelss hen-rik ah-buhl /,ni:ls _hsnrik 'a:bel/ Abeokuta city, Nigeria ab-ay-ok-oo-tah /a'be1oku:,ta:/ Sometimes anglicizcd to ab-i-oh-KOO-tuh.
Aberdonian relating to Aberdeen ab-uhr-doh-ni-uhn /_aba(r)'deonian/ Aberfan village, Wales ab-uhr-van /aba(r)'van/ aberrant departing from accepted standard
uh-berr-uhnt /a'berant,'
ab-an-ky /aban'kA|/ Abbas, Fer-hat Algerian nationalist
Abertawe Welsh name for Swansea
leader fuhr-hat uh-bass /fa(r),hat a'bas/ Abbas, Mahmoud Palestinian
Aberystwytll town, Wales ab—uhr-ist-with /,abar'1stw16/ Abia state, Nigeria ab—i-uh /'abia/ Abidjan port, Cote d’Ivoire
president
makh-mood ab-ahss /max_mu:d a'bo:s/ AIJIJC, Ernst German physicist
airnst ab—uh /,s:(r)nst 'abe/ abbé abbot or other cleric ab-ay /'abe1/
ab-uhr-tow-ay /,abar'taoe1/
ab-ij-ahn /_abi'd3o:n/ Abitlll‘ German examinations
ab-it-oor /,ab1'tua(r)/ Abizaid, John American general
uh-biz-ayd /abr'zeid/
Abkhazia | Acebes, Angel
2
Abkhazia autonomous region, Georgia uhp-khah-zi-uh /ap'x:1dbra/ al dente cooked so as to be still firm when bitten al den-'tay/al'dsnte1/ alder tree
awl-duhr /'o:lda(r)/ Alder Hay hospital, England
awl-duhr-hay /_o:1da(r) 'he1/ Alderney island, England awld-uhr-ni /':|:1da(r)nij Aldi German discount store chain 8|-di /'a1di/
Aldis lamp trademark signalling lamp awl-diss /'o:1d1s/ Aldiss, Brian English science fiction writer awl-diss /'o:ldIs/ Alegranza island, Spain al-eg-ran-thuh ,fale'granl-lo,’
aleikum esalaam Arabic greeting uh—lay-kuum ess—uh-lahm /a_lerkom sse‘1c1:m/ Alenqon town, France al-ah(ng)-so(ng) /alo's5/ Alentejo region and former province, Portugal
al-en-tay-zhoo ,/alsn'teI3u:/ aleph letter of the Hebrew alphabet
ah-let /'u:l£f/' Aleppo city, Syria uh-lep-oh /a'1spau/ Established anglicization. The Arabic name
is Halab, pronounced hah-lahb.
Alesi, Jean French racing driver
zhah(ng) al-ay-zi /,3£i a'Ie1zi/ Aletschhorn mountain, Switzerland ah-letch-horn /'n:1ctj‘,h0:(r)n/ Aleut ethnic group inhabiting the Aleutian Islands
al-i-oot /'a1iu:t/
Aleutian Islands I allosaurus
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Aligarh city, India
Aleutian Islands islands, US
ul-ig-ar /All'g(1Z(I‘)/ uh-loo—shuhn /a'1u:j‘an/ Alexandre, Boniface Haitian president Alighieri, Dante Italian poet and writer
dan-tay al-ig-yair-i /ldantei alrgjezril
bon-if-ass al-uhk-sah(ng)d-ruh /bonrfas alak‘sf1dra/ Alexandria port, Egypt al-eg-zahn-dri-uh /,alsg'zc1:ndria/
Aline loch and river, Scotland al-in /'al1n/ Alitalia Italian airline al-it-ahl-i-uh /al1‘to:lia/ aliyah immigration to Israel
' Established anglicization.
alfalfa leguminous plant
a|—fal-fuh /al'falfa/ Alfa Romeo car manufacturer al—fuh ruh-may-oh /,alfa ra'me1ao/ Alfvén, Hannes Swedish physicist
uh-lee-yuh /a'ii:ja/ Aliyev, Heydar Azerbaijani statesman hay-dar al-ee-yef /,heido:(r) a'1i:jsf/ Allah ‘God’ (Arabic)
han-uhss al—vayr| /_hanas aI've1n/
uh-lah /a'lo:/
algae sing. alga sea-weed al-jee, sing. al-guh /'aId3i:/, sing. /‘alga,’ The plural is commonly also
Algarve province, Portugal
al-garv /a1'gu:(r)v/, [al'garva] Q Established anglicization. algebra area of mathematics al-juh-bruh /'ald3abra/ Algecii-as port, Spain
al-juh-sirr-uhss /,a1d3a's1ras/, [alxe'8iras] I Established anglicization.
Algeria country
al-jeer-i-uh /al'd3|arie/ ~ Established anglicization. Algiers capital of Algeria al-jeerz /al‘d3Ie(r)z/ ~ Established anglicization. Algol star
al-gol /'algn1/ Algonquin American Indian ethnic
group al-gunk-win /al'gn13kw1n;' Algren, Nelson American novelist awl—gruhn /'o:1gran/ alhaji Muslim who has been to Mecca uhl-haj-i /e1'had3i/ Alhambra fortified Moorish palace
al-ham-bruh /a1'hambra/ Ali, Laila American boxer
lay-luh ah-lee /,1e1la a:'li:/ Ali, Muhammad American boxer
muh-ham-uhd ah-lee /ma_hamad c1:'li:/ Alicante port, Spain
al—ik-an-ti /alrkanti/, [alrkante] 1 Established anglicization.
i
A more anglicized pronunciation, al-uh, is
sometimes also used.
Allahabad city, India a|~uh-huh-bahd /,a1aha'bu:d/ Allawi, Iyad Iraqi politician
y—ad uh-lah-wi /mad a'lu:wi/ allay diminish
uh-lay /a'le1/ Allegheny city, river, mountain, and college, US
al-uh-gayn-i /_ala'ge1ni/ allegretto musical term
al—uh—gret—0h /,ala'gr:.-ttaof Allegri, Gregorio Italian priest and composer greg-awr-i-oh al—eg-ri /gragozriao a'1egri/ allegro musical term uh-leg-roh /a‘legreo/ allemande German dance al-mahnd ,"almc1:nd,l Allende, Salvador Chilean statesman
sal-vad-or al-yend—ay /salva,do:(r) al'jende1/ allergen substance that causes an allergic reaction
al-uhr-juhn /'ala(r)d3an/ Allerod geological stage al-uh-roed /'alaro:d/ Allie!‘ river, France
al-yay /al'je1/ Alliot-Marie, Michele French defence minister
mee-shel al-i-oh marr-ee/mi:_js1 ali,au ma'ri:/ allosaurus carnivorous dinosaur al-uh-sawr-uhss /,ala'so:res/
alloy I alumna alloy metal
al-oy /'a1a1/ alloy mix to make an alloy uh-loy /a'loI/ Almagest astronomical treatise
al-muh-jest /'a1mad3est/ almanac annual calendar awl—muh-nak /'o:lmanak/ Commonly also ol-muh-nak and al-muh-nak.
Almaty city, Kazakhstan al-mah-‘tuh /al‘mn:to/ Almeria town and province, Spain
al-merr-ee-uh /,a1ma'ri:a/ almirall cupboard or wardrobe al-my-ruh /8l'1T1AII'8/ Almirante Brown city, Argentina
al-mirr-an-tay brown /almrranter 'braon/ Almodovar, Pedro Spanish film director
ped-roh al-mod-oh-var /,pedreo a1mo'daovo:(r)/ Almond, Marc English singer
ah-muhnd }'o:n1and/ almond nut ah-muhnd /'o:mand/ Less commonly also ahl-muhnd or
al-muhnd.
alms money or food given to poor people ahmz jozmzj
Almqvist, Carl Jonas Love Swedish
12
alp dwez /_a1p ‘dwez! Alplla Centauri star
al-fuh sen-taw-ry /,alfa ssn'to:r1u/ Alphaeus biblical name
a|-fee—uhss /al'fi:as/ Alpheus Greek god
al-fee-uhss /al'fi:as/ Alpujarras mountainous region, Spain
al-poo-kharr-ass /alpufxaras/' Alsace region, France
a|—zass /al'zas/ AlSl;0l'n French engineering firm
al-stom /‘alstom/ Altai (also Altay) region, Russia
al-ty /al'tA1/ Altair star
aI~tair /'alt£:(r)/ Altamura town, Italy
al-tuh-moor—uh /alta'moara/ Altdorfer, Albrecht German painter
al-brekht alt-dor-fuhr /,a1brsct 'altdo:(r)fo(r)/ Althing Icelandic parliament awl-thing /'o:lB1I]/ Altl10l‘p family home of the Earl Spencer
awl-thorp /'o:1B:):(r)p/ The family pronunciation has traditionally always been awl-truhp, although awl-thorp
was usual for the village. In 2000 the estate released a press statement saying that
henceforth it would be known as awl-thorp, and we changed our recommendation accordingly.
novelist
Altlltlssel‘, Louis French philosopher
karl yoo-nuhss loo-vuh aim-kvist
lwee al-tue-sair /_lwi: alty'se:(r)/ altimeter instrument for recording altitude
/_kua(r)l _ju:nas _1u:va 'almkv1st/ aloe vera gelatinous substance al—oh veer-uh /,a1ao 'v1are/ aloha Hawaiian greeting
uh-loh-huh /a'1aohe/
al-ti-mee-tuhr /'alt1mi:ta(r)/ Altman, Robert American film director
aw|t—muhn /'a:ltman/
alopecia partial or complete absence of hair al-uh-pee-shuh /_ala'pi:_[a/
alto singing voice
Alor Setar city, Malaysia
al—tro0—iz-uhm /'a1tro1zam/ aluminium metal
ah-|0r suh-tar /,u:1o:(r) sa'tc1:(r)/ Alost see Aalst Aloysius British b0y’s name
al-oh-ish-uhss ,/alao'1_[as/ alpaca South American mammal related to the llama at-pak-uh /a1'paka/ Alpe (l’Hllez mountain, France
al-toh ,"altao/ altruism selfless concern for others
al-oo-min-i-uhm /alu:'m1niem/ AM is usually (1l1L?7Li1lZLfl1., pronounced
uh-loo-min-uhm. alumna pl. alumnae female former student uh-lum—nuh, pl. uh-lum-nee /0'lAl1‘ll'19/, pl. /~ni:,'
13 alumnus pi. alumni male former student
uh-lum-nuhss, pl. uh-Ium-ni /9'lAI1’lI13S/, pl. /-ni/ alveolus small cavity, pit, or hollow al-vi-oh-luhss ,l,alvi'ao1as/ Alwyn, William English composer
al-win /'a1w1n,' A1zheimer’s disease progressive mental deterioration
alts-hy-muhrz /'altsh1urna(r)z,' Amalfi port, Italy uh-mal-fi /a‘ma1fi/ amalgam a mixture or blend uh-ma!-guhm /a'malgam/ Amalthea moon of Jupiter
am-uhl-thee-uh /ama1'9i:a/ Amapa state, Brazil
am-uh-pah /,ama'po:/ Amarah, al- town, Iraq
uhl uh~mar-uh /al a'mu:ra/ amaretti Italian biscuits
am-uh-ret-i /,ama'reti,’ Amarillo city, US am-uh-ril-oh /ama'r11au/ Amaterasu Shinto god uh-mah-tuh-rah~soo /a,mci:ta'ro:su:/ Amati Italian violin-maker
uh-mah-ti /a'mu:tif Amatola mountain range, South Africa
am-uh-toh-luh /ama'taole/' Amazon river, South America
am-uh-zuhn ]'amazan/ Amazonas state, Brazil
am-uh-zohn-uhss /,ama'zaonas/ Ambala city and district, India
uhm—bah—|uh /am'bu:la/ Ambanja town, Madagascar
uhm-bahn-juh /am'ba:nd3e/ Ambato town, Ecuador am-bah-toh /am'bo:taU/ Ambes town, France
ah(ng)-bess /€1'bss/ Ambohimanga city, Madagascar am-buu-hi—mang—guh /am,bohi'mar|ga/ AJl1l)0Il island, Indonesia
am-bon /am'bnn/ Amchitka island, US
am-chit-kuh /am'tI1tka/ Amec British engineering company
am-ek /'amsk/
alumnus | Amirante Islands ameliorate make better uh-mee—Ii-uh-rayt /a'mi:liareIt/ amen uttered at the end of a prayer
ahgmen /o:'msn/
W pi
W
i
Commonly also ay-men.
Amenabar, Alejandro Spanish film director
al-ekh-and-roh am-en-ah-bar /aleflxandrao ams'no:bu:(r)/ Amenhotep Egyptian pharaoh
ah~muhn-hoh-tep /,ci:man'heotep/ americium chemical element
am-uh—riss—i-uhm /,ama'r1siam/
Ames city, Iowa eymz /e1mz/ Ameslan American Sign Language am-uhss-Ian /'amaslan/ amethyst precious stone am-uh-thist /'ama01st/ Amharic Ethiopian language
am-harr-ik /am'harrk/ Amherst town, US
am—uhrst /'ama(r)st/ Amicus trade union for manufacturing and technical workers
am-ik-uhss /'am1kas/ amicus curiae pl. amici curiae ‘friends of the court’ (Latin)
uh-my-kuhss kyoor-i-ee, pl. uh-mee-see /amiukes 'kjoarii:/, pl. /a,mi:si:/ Legal Latin is ofizen anglicized; see LATIN panel. A more classical pronunciation,
uh-mee-kuhss kyoor-i-y, pl. uh-mee-ki, is also possible.
Amiens town, France am-ya(ng) /am'jé/ Amin, Idi Ugandan dictator
ee-di uh-meen /_i:di a'mi:n/ Amindivi Islands group of islands, India
am-in-dee-vi /,amm'di:vi/ amino class of acids
uh-mee-noh /a'mi:nau/ Less coinmonly also uh-myn-oh.
amir Muslim title uh-meer /a'm1a(r)/
Amirante Islands group of islands, Seychelles
am-irr-ant /'am1rant/
Amis, Kingsley | anaesthetic Amis, Kingsley English writer
king-zli ay-miss /_kn]zli'e1m1s/ Amish Christian sect
ah-mish /'o:rmI/ Amman capital of Jordan uh-mahn /a'mo:n/ ammeter instrument for measuring electric current am-muh-tuhr /'amata(r)/ amniocentesis process in which amniotic fluid is sampled
am-ni-oh-sen-tee-siss f,amniaosen'ti:s1s/ Amoco British oil company
am—uh-koh /'amaka0/ amoeba pl. amoebae single-celled animal
uh-mee-buh, pl. uh-mee~bee /e'mi:ba/, pl. /-bi:/ ~ Standard -s plural is also possible. amontillado Spanish sherry
uh-mon-til-ah-doh/a,mnnt1'lc1:dau/, [am0nti'/Kaoo] I Established anglicization. Amos Hebrew prophet
ay-moss /'e1mns/ Amos, Baroness Guyanese-born politician
ay-moss /'e1mos/ amoxicillin penicillin
uh-moks-i-sil-in /a,mnksi's1lm/ Amoy another name for Xiamen uh-moy /a'mo1/ Ampere, André-Marie French physicist
ah(ng)-dray marr-ee ah(ng)-pair /r'1,dre1 ma_ri: (1'ps:(r)/ ampere unit of electric current am-pair /'amps:(r),'
ampersand sign 8: am-puhr-sand /'ampa(r)sand/ amphibious suited for both land and water
am-fib-i-uhss /am'fibias/ Amphitrite Greek goddess am-fit-ry-ti /,amf1'tr1uti/ amphora pl. amphorae ancient Greek or Roman jug
14-
am-pool /'ampu:l/ Sometimes also amp-yool.
AMRAAM Advanced Medium Range Air-to—Air Missile
am-ram /'amram/ Alnritsal‘ city, India
um-rit-suhr /am'r1tsa(r)/ Amstel river, Netherlands
am—stuhl /'amstaI/ 0 Established anglicization. Amsterdam capital of the Netherlands am-stuhr-dam /'amsta(r)dam/, [,clmstar‘dom] Established anglicization. A more Dutch
pronunciation, with stress on the last
syllable, is also common. Amll Darya river, central Asia
ah-moo dar-i-uh /_o:mu: 'dn;ria/ amulet small piece ofjewellery
am-yoo-Iuht /'amjo1at/ Amun-Ra ancient Egyptian god am-uhn rah /,aman 'ra:/ Amundsen, Roald Norwegian explorer
roo-al ah-muun-suhn /,ru:al ‘uzmunsanf Amtlr river, NE Asia uh-moor /a'mue(r),/
amygdala pl. amygdalae part of the brain
uh-mig-duh-luh, pl. uh-mig-duh-lee /9'm1gd-ale/, pl. /-1i:/
Anabaptism doctrine that baptism should only be administered to believing adults an-uh-bap—tiz—uhm /,ana'bapt|zam/ anachronism thing appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists uh-nak-ruh-niz-uhm /a'nakra,n1zam/ Anacreon Greek poet
uh-nak-ri-uhn /a'nakrian/ Anadyr city and river, Russia
uh-nad-eer /a'nadia(r)/
pl. /-ri:/
anaemia deficiency of red cells or of haemoglobin in the blood uh-nee-mi-uh /a‘ni:mia/ anaesthesia insensitivity to pain an-iss-thee-zi-uh /,anis'0i:zia/
Q Standard -s plural is also possible.
anaesthetic substance that induces
am-fuh-ruh, pl. am-fuh-ree /'amfara/, ampoule glass capsule containing a
liquid
insensitivity to pain
an-iss-thet-ik /,an1s'9stIk/
anaesthetist | Andorra
15
anaesthetist one who administers
anaesthetics
uh-neess-thuh-tist /a'ni:s9at1st/ Anaglypta trademark type of wallpaper
an-uh-glip-tuh /,ana'gl1pta/ Anah, al- town, Iraq uhl an-uh /ai 'ane/
Anaheim city, US an-uh-hym /'anahAIm/ analgesia inability to feel pain an-uhl-jee-zi-uh ,l,anal‘d3i:zia/ analogue a person or thing seen as
comparable to another an-uh-log /‘analog/' Anambra state, Nigeria
a n-am-bruh /a'nambra/ ananda extreme happiness
ah-nun-duh /ClZ'I1AI1Cl9/ Ananias biblical name an-uh-ny-uhss /,ana‘n1i1as/
an-ky-seez /an'k1\1si:z/ anchorite religious recluse
ank-uh-ryt /'a1]kerAIt/ anchovy small shoaling fish
an-chuh-vi /'antj"avi/ The old-fashioned pronunciation an-choh-vi is rarely heard now.
ancillary providing support to the primary activities of an organization an—Sil~uh-ri /an'si1ari/ Ancona port, Italy
an k—Oh-nuh /a1]'kaona/ Ancre river, France
ah(ng)-kruh /'f1kra/ Andalusia region, Spain
an-duh—loo—si—uh /,anda'1u:sia/ Established anglicization. The Spanish form is Andalucia, and is pronounced
an-dal-oo-see-uh locally, and an-dal-oo-thee-uh in standard Spanish.
Anantnag province, Kashmir
Andalusian relating to Andalusia uh-nunt-nuhg /a'nAntnag/ an-duh—lo0-si-uhn /,anda'1u:sian/ anapaest metrical foot Andaman and Nicobar Islands an-uh-peest /'anapi:st/ groups of islands, Bay of Bengal and-uh-muhn nik-uh-bar /'andaman Commonly also an-uh-pest. 'mkabo:(r)/ anaphora use of a word referring back to andante musical term a word used earlier an-dan-tay /an'dante1,' uh-naf-uh-ruh /a'nafera/ anaphylaxis extreme allergic reaction
an-uh~fil-ak-siss /,anaf1'1aks1s/ anaptyxis insertion of a vowel to aid pronunciation an-uhp-tik-SiSS /_anap't1ksIs/ Anastacia American pop singer an-uh-stay-zhuh /ana'stei3a/ Anastasia Russian princess
an-uh-stah-si-uh /ana‘sto:sia/ anastrozole breast cancer drug uh—nast-ruh-zohl ,/a'nastrazaol/ Anatolia western peninsula ofAsia an-uh-toh-Ii-uh /,ana'taolie/ Anaxagoras Greek philosopher an—ak—sag-uh-ruhss /,anak'sageras/ Anaximander Greek scientist an-ak-sim—and-uhr /a_naks1'mande(r)/ Anaximenes Greek philosopher an-a k—sim-uh-neez /,anak's1meni:z/ Anbar, al- province, Iraq
uhl uhn-bar /el an'bu:(r),l Anchises Greek mythological character
Andean relating to the Andes
an-dee-uhn /an'di:an/ Sometimes also an-di-uhn.
Andelfingen district, Switzerland
an-duhl-fing-uhn /‘anda1,f1nan/ Andersen, Hans Christian Danish author
hanz krist—yuhn an—duhr-suhn /,hanz ,kr|stjen 'anda(r)san/
' Established anglicization. Andes mountain system, South America
and-eez /'andi:z/ ' Established anglicization.
Andhra Pradesh state, India
ahn-druh pruh-daysh /,c1:ndra pre'de1I/ Andijan city, Uzbekistan
uhn-dij-ahn /andI'd3u:n/ andiron metal stand an-dy-uhn /‘and/item Andorra autonomous principality between France and Spain an-dawr-uh /an'do:ra/
andouille | Annapolis Commonlyialso an-dorr-uh.
16
ang-kor /'ank0:(r)/
andouille type of pork sausage o(ng)-dwee /i1'dwi:/, French [f1'duj]
Anglesey island and county, Wales
Andress, Ursula Swiss actress
Angola country
ur-syuul-uh and-ress /,a:(r)sju1a 'andrEs/ v Established anglicization. Andrié, Ivo Bosnian writer ee-voh and-ritch /,i:vao 'andrrtj'/ Androcles Roman fictional name
and-ruh-kleez /'andrak1i:zl androgen male sex hormone
and-ruh-juhn /'andracl3an/ Andromache Greek mythological
character
an-drom-uh-ki /an'dromaki/ Andromeda Greek mythological character
an-drom-uh-duh /an'drnmade/ Andropov, Yuri Soviet statesman
yoor-i an-drop-u hf /_juari an'drnpaf/ anechoic free from echo
an-ek-oh-ik /ana'kau1k,I anemometer instrument for measuring wind speed an-uh-mom-it-uhr /,ane'mnm1ta(r),/
anemone plant uh-nem-uh~ni /a'nsmeni/ aneurysm swelling of the wall of an artery
an-yuu-riz-uhm /'anjur1zam/ Angelico, Fra Italian painter
frah an-jel—ik—oh /,fru: an'd3s11keu/ Angelfln, Maya American novelist
and poet
my-uh an-juh-loo /,m:ua 'and3alu:/ Angers town, France ah(ng)-zhay /fi'3e1/ Angers, Avril English actress
av-reel ang-guhrz /,avri:l 'anga(r)z/ Angevin dynasty of English kings an-juh-vin /'and3evm/ ' Established anglicization. Angharad Welsh girl’s name
ang-harr-ad /ar]'harad/ angina medical condition
an-iy-nuh /an'd3nine/ angioplasty surgical unblocking of a blood vessel
an-ji-oh-plast-i /'and3ieo_p1asti/ Angkor capital of the ancient kingdom of
Khmer
ang-guhl-si /'angalsi/ ang-goh-luh /an'geula/ angora cat, goat, or rabbit of a long—haired breed
ang-gawr-uh /an'g0:ra/
Angstrom, Anders Jonas Swedish physicist
an-duhrsh yoo-nuhss ong-stroem /,ande(r)_f ,ju:nas 'm]strom/ angstrom unit of length
ang-struhm /'anstram/ Anguilla island, the Caribbean
ang-gwil-uh /ar]'gwIla/ Anhui province, China an-khway /,an'xwer/ animadversion criticism or censure an-im-uhd-vur-shuhn /_an1mad've:(r)_l‘an/ animatronics technique of making and operating lifelike robots an-im-uh—tron—iks /,an1ma'trnn1ks/ animé Japanese animation an-im-ay /'anImeI/ anion negatively charged ion an-y-uhn /'3.l‘|AI3!1/ anise Mediterranean plant
an-iss /'an1s/ Anisoptera group of insects
an-y-zop-tuh-ruh /,anA1'znptare,' AnjOll former province, France
ah(ng)-zhoo /f1'3u:;‘ Ankara capital of Turkey
ank-uh-ruh Fankarej ilnkh cross-like design
ank /a1]k/
ankylosaur herbivorous dinosaur ank-il-uh-sor /'ai]kr1as:|:(r)/ ankylosis stiffening of a joint
ank-il-oh-siss /_ai]k1'laos1s/ Annaba port, Algeria an-uh-buh /'anaba/ Anna Karenina novel by Tolstoy
an-uh kuh-ren-in-uh /_ana ka‘rsn1naj Q Established anglicization. Annan, Kofi Ghanaian Secretary General of the United Nations koh-fi an-an /,kaofi 'anan[
Annapolis city, US uh-nap-uh-liss /a'napalIs/
Anglicization
17
Anglicization When the Pronunciation Unit advises on the pronunciation of foreign
names, words, and phrases, we make recommendations which are as close as possible to the original language. However, we do not expect a perfect reproduction of all non-English sounds. This would be contusing and disruptive for audiences and would also be quite a challenge for broadcasters! Therefore, our recommendations include anglicizations which make speaking and understanding easier. Some simplification is also necessary to give written advice for pronunciations using a respelling system. Our respelling system includes English sounds and also some other consonant and vowel sounds,
for instance the Welsh hl as in llan and the French oe as in coeuar.
Established anglicization of names Many names of foreign countries, rivers, and cities have established
anglicizations: that is, standard ways in which they are pronounced or spelled when they are referred to in English. These established anglicizations are those listed in gazetteers, atlases, and dictionaries. Examples include parr-iss (not parr-ee) for Paris and tib-lee-si for Tbilisi. Examples of established anglicized spellings (for which the pronunciations also differ, of course) include Turin for Torino, Munich for
Miinchen, and Lyons for Lyon. W'here these names appear in this book the native version and an approximate pronunciation is given in a usage note. It is important to note that established anglicizations are
not invariably used in an English-language context: for example, the football team of the city Basle is called FC Basel. The Pronunciation Unit’s recommendations take all these established anglicizations into account. Anglicizations for major place names are usually uncontroversial, but can change over time (e.g. Marseilles, Niger; Majorca). Official spellings or transliterations of
names can also change (e.g. Kollcata, Beijing), which can lead to further changes in established anglicized pronunciations. Less commonly, anglicization can apply to people’s names as well as place names (e.g. Michael Schumacher); this is particularly common with high-profile people in the areas of international sport, showbusiness, and politics. We research the level of anglicization which a particular person prefers for their name before making recommendations.
Established anglicization of words and phrases Words and phrases in languages other than English often appear in an English—language context. Topics such as music, science, literature,
Annapurna I Antananarivo
I8
food and drink, dance, and sport provide many examples. When these words are treated as foreign the Pronunciation Unit makes recommendations which are as close as possible to the original language, subject to the usual simplifications. However, when these words and phrases are taken into English they are generally pronounced using only English sounds, and in such cases a more anglicized recommendation is more appropriate. For example, the French phrase trompe I’aeil is usually pronounced tromp loy in English, rather than tro(ng)p loey. As with place names, these anglicizations too can change over time. The , title of the Spanish novel Don Quixote used to be anglicized to don
, kwik-sot, but this is now rather dated, and don kee-hoh-ti is the angli~ cization we now recommend. Words borrowed from other languages are often initially given foreign pronunciations, and then anglicizations
‘ become established: sudo/cu is an excellent example of this.
Annapurna mountain, Nepal
aniuphjpoor-nuh /,ana'poa(r)na/
sometimes anglieized to alniolhipur-noh.l it annatto orange-red dye
uh-nat-oh /a'nataU/ anneal heat and then cool slowly
uh-neel /a'ni:1/ Annecy town, France
an-see /an'si:/ Annigoni, Pietro Italian painter
pyet-roh an-ig-oh-ni /,pjetrao an1'geuni/ annihilate destroy utterly
uh-ny-il-ayt f8'I1AIIl9Ii/ Annobén island, Equatorial Guinea
an-uh-bon /ana'bon/ Anno Domini ‘in the year of the Lord’ (Latin)
an-oh dom-in-y /_aneu 'dummru/ annus horribilis ‘disastrous year’ (Latin)
an-uhss horr-ee-bi!-iss /,anas hn'ri:bIl1s/ annus mirabilis ‘auspicious year’ (Latin) an—uhss mirr-rah-bil-iss /,anas m1'ra:b111s/ anode positively charged electrode an—ohd /'anaod/ anodyne not likely to cause offence
an—uh-dyn /'anedA1n/ anomaly deviates from what is standard uh-nom-uh-Ii /e'nome1i/
anopheles mosquito uh-nof-il-eez /a'nnfili:z/ anorexia nervosa pathological slimming compulsion
an-uh-rek-si-uh nur-voh-suh /,ane_rsksIe na:(r)'veuse/ Anouilh, Jean French dramatist
zhah(ng) an-wee /,3f1 an'wi:/, [anuj] ANOVA statistical analysis of variance
an—oh-vuh /a'naova/ Ansar al-Islam Iraqi militant group un—sar uhl iss-lahm /Al'l'S(1Z(I') al 1s‘lc1:m/ Anschluss annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938
an-shluuss /'an_f1os/ Anselm, St Italian—born philosopher and theologian
an-selm /‘anselm,' Anshan city, China
an-shan /,an'Ian/ Antabuse trademark for disulfiram ant-uh-byooss /'antabju:s;' antacid preventing acidity an-tass—id /an'tasId/ Antaeus Greek mythological character
an-tee-uhss /an'ti:as/ Antalya port, Turkey
an-tal-yu h /an'ta1ja/ Antananarivo capital of Madagascar un-tun-uh-nuh-ree-voo /1in,tAnana'ri:vu:/
Antares | APEC
19
Antares star an-tar-eez /an'tu:ri:z/ antebellum occurring before a war
an-ti-bel-uhm /,anti'bslam/ antecedent thing that precedes another an—tiss—ee-duhnt /,ant1‘si:dant,' antepenult the last syllable but two in a word
an-tip-uh-nult /_antIpa'n/ilt/ Anthemius Greek mathematician
an-thee-mi-uhss /an'Bi:mies/ anthracite coal of a hard variety an—thruh—sy‘t /'anBrasA1t/ anthrax serious bacterial disease
an-thraks /'an9raks/ Antibes port and resort, France
ah(ng)-teeb /fi'ti:b/ anticipatory happening in anticipation of something
an-tiss-ip-uh-tuh-ri /an't1sipa_tari,! Antigone Greek mythological character
an-tig-uh—ni /an'ugani/ Antigua town, Guatemala an-teeg-wuh /an'ti:gwa/
Antigua and Barbuda island state, Leeward Islands
an-tee-guh /an'ti:ga/ Antilles group of islands, West Indies
an-til-eez /an't1li:z/ 8IltiIn8.CaSSfl.l‘ piece of cloth put over the
back of a chair
an-ti-muh-kass-uhr /,antima'kasa(r)/ antimony chemical element an—tim-uh-ni Fantlmanij Antioch city, Turkey
ant—i-ok ,I'antink/ antipathy feeling of aversion an-tip-uh-thi /an'tlpe6i/ antiphon short sentence sung before or after a psalm an-tif-uhn /'ant1fan/ Antipodes Australia and New Zealand
an-tip-uh-deez /an't1padi:z/ Antisthenes Greek philosopher and teacher
an-tiss-thuh-neez /an't1s9ani:z/ antithesis pl. antitheses opposite
an-tith-uh-siss, pl. an-tith-uh=seez /an'ti8asls/, pl. /-si:z/ Antlia constellation an-tli-uh /'antlia/
Antofagasta port, Chile ant-of-ag-ast-uh /,antofa'gasta/ Antoninus Pius Roman emperor
an-tuh-ny-nuhss py-uhss /,anta,n.\mas 'pAI9S/ Antonioni, Michelangelo Italian film director
meek-uh-Ian-juh-Ioh an-toh-ni-oh-ni /mi:ka,land3alau antaunieunil Antwerp port, Belgium ant-wurp /'antwa:(r)p,! Established anglicization. The Flemish name is Antwerpen, pronounced unt-wairp-uhn, and the French form is Anvers, pronounced ah(ng)-vair.
Anubis Egyptian god of the dead
uh-nyoo-biss /a'nju:b1s/ Anuradhapura city and district, Sri Lanka
an-uu-rahd-u h-poor-uh ;',anu:ru:da'poara/ Anvers see Antwerp Anwar, Mina English actress
mee-nuh an-war /_mi:na 'anwu:(r)/ Anzoétegui state, Venezuela an-swat-eg-ee /ans'wategi:/ ao dai Vietnamese long-sleeved tunic
ow dy /‘av ,dz\1/ Aoraki official name for Mount Cook, New Zealand
ow-rak-i /au'raki/ aorta main artery of the body ay-or-tuh /e1'0:(r)ta/ Aosta city, Italy
ah-ost-u h /u:'nsta/ Aotearoa Maori name for New Zealand
ow-tay-uh-roh-uh /ao,teia'raoa/ Aozou Strip disputed desert land, Chad ow-zoo /au'zu:/ Apache American Indian ethnic group uh-patch-i /a'pat_\‘i/ apartheid South African policy of segregation uh-part~hayt /a'pu:(r)the1t/ This is the Afrikaans pronunciation, and the one most common in English. Less common
is uh-part-hyd.
apatosaurus herbivorous dinosaur uh-pat-uh-sawr-uhss ]e_pata's0:ras/ APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation ay—pek /'e1pek/
Apeldoorn I appoggiatura
20
Apeldoorn town, Netherlands
part of the accepted canon of Scripture
ap-uhl-dorn /'apaldo:(r)n/ Apelles Greek painter
uh-pok-rif-uh /a‘pokrrfa/ apogee highest point
Established anglicization. The Italian name
ap-uh-jee /'apad3i:/ Apollinaire, Guillaume French poet gee-yohm ap-ol-ee-nair /gigjaum apoli:'ne:(r)/
is Appennino, pronounced ap-en-ee-noh.
Apollinaris bishop of Laodicea in Asia
uh-pel-eez /e'ps1i:z/ Apennines mountain range, Italy
ap-uh-nynz /'apanA1nz/
aperitif alcoholic drink taken before a meal uh-perr-it-eef /a,per1'ti:f/ aphasia impaired speech after brain damage uh-fay-zi-uh /a‘fe|zia,f aphelion pl. aphelia point furthest from the sun
ap-hee-Ii-uhn, pl. ap-hee-li-uh
Apollyon name for the Devil
uh-pol-yuhn /a'po1jan/ apophthegm concise saying or maxim
ap-uh-them /'ape6em/ apoplectic overcome with anger
apostasy abandonment of a religious or
flpl10l'iSm pithy observation
af-uh-riz-uhm /'afar1zam/ aphrodisiac substance that stimulates sexual desire af-ruh—diz-i-ak /,afre'd1ziak/ Aphrodisias ancient city of Asia Minor
af-ruh-diss-i-uhss /,afra'd1sios/ Aphrodite Greek goddess af-ruh-dy-ti /,afra'dA1ti/ Api mountain, Nepal ah-pi /'u:pi/ Apia capital of Samoa
political belief
uh-pO5t—uh-Si /a'postasi,l apostolic relating to the Apostles
ap-uh-stol-ik /,apa'stol1k/ apostrophe punctuation mark
uh-post-ruh-fi /e'pnstrafi/ apothecary person who prepared and sold medicines uh-poth-uh-kuh-ri /a'poBakari/ apotheosis highest point
uh-poth-i-oh-siss /a,pnHi'aus1s/ Appalachian Mountains mountain
ah-pee-uh /c1:'pi:e/
system, North America
apiary place where bees are kept
ap-uh-lay-chuhn /.apa'le1t_[an/
ay-pi-uh-ri /'e1piori/
Appaloosa North American breed of horse ap-uh-loo-suh /,apa‘lu:sa/
apical relating to an apex
ap-ik-uhl /'ap1kal/ Apis Egyptian mythological god ah-piss ,l'u:p1s/
ap-uh-loh-ni-uhss /_apa'1aonias/
ap-uh—p|ek-tik /,apa'plekt1k/
/ap'hi:lien/, pl. /-lia/
Sometimes also ay-pik-uhl;
Minor uh-p0l—ln—air-iss /e,pol1'na:r1s/ Apollonius Greek mathematician
W" V W *7’
A
apnoea temporary cessation of breathing
ap-nee-uh /ap'ni:a/ Sometimes also ap-ni-uh.
apocalypse destruction on a catastrophic scale
uh-pok-uh-lips /a'pt>kal1ps/ apocope omission ofthe final sound of a word uh~p0k-uh-pi /a'pokapi/ apocrinc relating to a type of skin cell ap-uh-kryn ,/'apakr1un/ Apocrypha biblical writings not forming
appellant person who appeals to a
higher court
uh—pel—uhnt /e‘palant/ appellation name or title
ap-uh-lay-shuhn /,apa'le1j‘an/ appendectomy removal of the appendix
ap-en-dek-tuh-mi f_apen‘dsktami/ Appenzell canton, Switzerland
ap-uhn-tsel /'apantss1/ Appian Way road southward from
Rome
ap-i-uhn /'apian/ applique ornamental needlework uh-plee-kay /a'pli:ke1/
appoggiatura musical term uh-poj-uh-tyoor-uh /a,ppd3a'tjuara/
apricot | arbitrary
21
apricot fruit ay-prik-oht /‘e1pr1kot/ Sometimes also ap-rik-ot.
a priori knowledge which comes from theoretical deduction ay pry-avvlry /,e1 pr1ni:ErA1/ Also ah pri-aw-ri.
apropos with reference to
a-pruh-poh /,apra'pao/ Apuleius Roman writer
ap-yuui-ee-uhss /_apjo'1i:as,' Apulia region, Italy
uh-pyoo-Ii-uh /a'pju:1ia/ Established anglicization. The Italian name is Puglia, pronounced pool—yuh ['pu/Ma].
Apurimac region, Peru
ap-oo-ree-mak /apu:'ri:mak/ Apus constellation
ay~puhss /'e|pas/ Aqaba port, Jordan ak-uh~buh flakebef Aqsa, al- Palestinian militant group uhl uk-suh /a1'Akse/ Aquae Sulis Roman name for Bath
ak-vvy soo-liss /,akw1u 'su:l1s/ aquamanile water container
ak-wuh-muh-ny-Ii /_akwama'n1\11i/ Aquarius constellation
uh-kwair-i-uhss /a‘kwe:rias/ aquatic relating to water uh-kwat-ik /e'kwatIk/ Less commonly also uh-kwot-ii;
aquavit Scandinavian spirit
ak-wuh-veet /akwa'vi:t/ aqua vitae spirit
ak-wuh vy-tee /,akwe 'v1nti:/ Sometimes also vee»ty; see Latin panel. aqueous of or containing water
ay-kwi—uhs$ /‘e1kwias/ Aquila constellation
ak—wil—uh /'akwi1a/ Aquila city, Italy
ak-wee-luh /'akwi:1a/ Aquinas, St Thomas Italian philosopher uh-kwyn-uhss /a'kwAInas/ Aquitaine region and former province, France
ak-wi-tayn /,akwi'tem/, [akiten]
' Established anglicization.
Ara constellation ar—uh ,/'o:ra/ Arabiyah, al- Arabic TV station
uhl arr-ab-ee-yuh /al ara'bi:je/ Aracaju port, Brazil
arr-uh-kuh-zhoo /,arake'3u:/ Arachne Greek mythological character
uh-rak-ni /a'rakni/ arachnophobia fear of spiders
uh-rak-nuh-foh-bi-uh /a_rakne'faobia/ Arafat, Mount Mountain, Saudi Arabia
arr—uh-fat /'arafat/, Arabic [?ara'faa:t] l Established anglicization. Arafat, Yasser Palestinian statesman
yah-sirr arr-uh-fat /,ju:srr 'arafat/, Arabic Ljaezsir ?ara'fw:t] v Established anglicization. Arafiira Sea sea between Australia,
Indonesia, and New Guinea arr—uh—fo0r-uh /,ara'foaro/ Aragon autonomous region, Spain
arr-uh—guhn /'arogan/ Aragorn character from The Lord qfthe Rings
arr-uh—gorn /'arag:):(r)n/ Ara] Sea inland sea, central Asia
arr-uhl /'ara1/ Aramaic ancient Semitic language arr-uh-may-ik /_ara'menk/ Aramis character in The Three Musketeers
arr-uh-miss /"ararn1s/ Aranyaka Hindu sacred treatise
arr-uhn-yak-uh /,ara'njaka/ Arapaho North American Indian people
uh-rap-uh-hoh /a'rapahao/ Ararat, Mount volcanic peaks, Turkey arr—uh-rat /'ararat/
araucaria tree arr-aw-kair-i-uh /_ar:::'ke:ria/ Arawak South American ethnic group
arr-uh-wak /'arawak/ Arbil see Erbil arbitrage simultaneous buying and selling in different markets
ar-bit-rahzh /'a:(r)b1tru:3/ Sometimes also ar-bit-ri}.
arbitrary random
ar-bit-ruh-ri /'a:(r)b1trari/
Arabic
Arabic
22
1
Arabic belongs to the Semitic family of languages. With over 150 million native speakers, it is one of the world’s major languages. There are two main forms of Arabic, literary Arabic and colloquial Arabic. Literary Arabic is the standard form: it is the language of the Koran, and is used in the media. Colloquial Arabic comprises the various spoken dialects in everyday usage. Giving recommendations for Arabic pronunciation is complicated by the fact that there is so much variation between different forms of , Arabic. Also, our advice is based on spellings transliterated into the l Roman alphabet, but the transliterations used can be inconsistent and ‘ arbitrary. The Arabic given here is, as always, somewhat anglicized in line with BBC policy and the constraints of phonetic respelling.
Vowels Literary Arabic has three vowels, which can be either long or short, although the quality of these vowels, particularly A, can be realized in many different ways. A is generally pronounced a when short and ah when long. Mohammed is moh-ham—uhd, and Talabani is tah-luh-bah-ni. Short A is sometimes closer to u, next to certain consonants. Qadri is
kud-ri. Long A is sometimes closer to air, but when no R is present in the orthography, we render this sound as ah. This retains the length (which determines stress), but compromises the quality. I is pronounced i when short and ee when long. U is pronounced uu when short and 0o when long. Colloquial Arabic also allows for E and O. E is pronounced e when short and close to ay when long. O is pronounced o when short, and close to oh or aw when long. Some of these vowel qualities are commonly reduced to schwa (uh) in anglicized Arabic. Arabic has two diphthongs. Variously transliterated as AI, AY, EI, or
EI, the first of these is commonly pronounced y in literary Arabic, and ay in colloquial Arabic. This why it is so common to hear names like Mohamed ElBamdez' pronounced both barr-uh-dy and barr-uh—day. The . other diphthong is transliterated AU or AW, and is pronounced ow in literary Arabic, and oh in colloquial Arabic.
Consonants The Arabic alphabet contains all the consonant sounds of English
23
Arabic
apart from g, p, and v. There are also many sounds which do not occur ~ in English, some ofwhich are difficult to represent in the respelling. All instances of kh refers to the sound in Scottish loch, never to that of German ich. B, D, F, K, L, M, N, T, and Z are pronounced as in English in anglicized Arabic. DII is pronounced th as in there. GH is pronounced as kh, but with added voicing (i.e. pronounced with vibration of the vocal chords. IPA is [Y]). This sound is always anglicized to g. H is pronounced as h, but can appear in any position in Arabic. We tI'y to reflect this in names such as/lhmed, although due to the restrictions of the respellings we represent this sound as kh in this dictionary. This is not ideal, but is better than leaving it out altogether. J and DJ are pronounced j. In North African dialects, where there is influence from French, J is often pronounced zh. KH is pronounced kh. ‘ Q is pronounced as k, but further back in the mouth (IPA is [q]). This
‘
sound is always anglicized to k. SH is pronounced sh, but beware of syllable breaks between S and H. [sham is iss-hahm. TH is pronounced th.
i .
’ is a voiced pharyngeal fricative (IPA is [i']). This is not always tran-
scribed, and is sometimes expressed as an A in the spelling instead, for example Ba.’th or Baath. This is not a sound we can retain in anglicized pronunciations. The L in the article al/el is silent before the so-called sun letters, i.e. the sounds t, th, d, th, 2, s, sh, I, n, and zh. Al-Zarqawi is uh-zuhr-kah-wi. In a native pronunciation the initial consonant of the following word is doubled to compensate (see more about long Arabic consonants below). This phenomenon is sometimes reflected in the transliteration, and so the Iraqi city Najafmay be spelt an-Najaf as well as al-Najajf
Stress Stress is determined by syllable length and structure, but as a general guide stress is placed on the last syllable containing a long vowel or on the vowel immediately preceding a doubled consonant. As with Italian, the double consonant is not a feature we can retain. Faruq is farr-ook and Muammar is moo-um-uhr. If all vowels and consonants are short, and the word has more than two syllables, stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable. Hanafi is han-at-i.
‘
A1-bois I Argentine
241
Arbois city, France ar-bwah /u:(r)'bwu:;’ arborea] living in trees ar-baw-ri-uhl /u:(r)'bo:riolf Arbuthnot, John Scottish physician and writer
ar-buth-nuht /u:(r)'bA6nat/ Arcadia mountainous district, Greece
ar-kay-di-uh /u:(r)'ke1dia/ 0 Established anglicization. Arcady ideal rustic paradise ar-kuh-di l‘u:(r)kadi/ arcana secrets or mysteries ar-kay-nuh ,'u:(r)'keina/
ar-den /u:(r)'den/ Ard Fheis an Irish party political conference ard esh /o:(r)d 's_l'/
ard-nuh-murkh-uhn
ark duh tree-o(ng)f /_u:(r)k de tri:':'>f/ Archaean geological term
ar-kee-uhn /u:(r)'ki:an/ archaeopteryx prehistoric bird ar-ki-op-tuh-riks /_u:(r)ki'nptar1ks/ archaic old or old~fashioned
ar-kay-ik /a:(r)'kenk/
/_c|:(r)dne'ma:(r)xan/ are unit of measurement ar /u:(r)/ Arena], Mount volcano, Spain arr-en-al /are'nal/ Arendt, Hannah German—born American philosopher
ar-uhnt /'o:ront/ areola pl. areolae small circular area
uh-ree-uh-luh, pl. uh-ree-uh-lee
Archangel port, Russia
ark-ayn-juhl/'u:(r) ke Ind3el/ Established anglicizatiodiillussian I name is Arkhangelsk, pronounced
ar-khan-guhlsk [8I"X3I‘lQjll5Sl{].
/a'ri:ale/, pl. /-1i:/ Areopagitica poem by Milton arr—i-op-uh-jit-ik-uh /,arinpe'd3Itika/ Commonly also arr-i-op-uh-git-ik~uh.
Arequipa city, Peru
archangel angel of greater than ordinary rank
ark-ayn-juhl /‘o:(r)kemd3al/ T
Archilochus Greek poet
ar-kil—uh-kuhss /o.:(r)'k1lakas/ Archimedes Greek mathematician ar-kim-ee-deez /_Cl1(I')l(I'ITli2Cll2Z/ archipelago group of islands ar-kip-el-uh-goh /_u:(r)k1'palagau/ archivist person who maintains archives ar—kiv-ist /'o:(r)k1v1st/ archosaur reptile ar-kuh-sor /'o:(r)kaso:(r)/ ARCIC Anglican Roman Catholic
International Commission ar—kik /'c|:(r)k1k/ Arctogaea zoogeographical area ark-tuh-jee-uh /_o:(r)kta'd3i:a/ Arcturus star
Ardea village, Italy
France, and Luxembourg
ar-diz-oh-ni /_c1:(r)di'zauni/ Ardnamurchan peninsula, Scotland
in Paris
ark-tyoor-uhss fu:(r)k'tjoaras/
Ardennes forested region in Belgium,
Ardizzone, Edward British artist
Arc de TI'i0n'lpl‘le ceremonial arch
alsoieirk-aydnjjuhl.
ar-day-uh /'u:(r)de1a/ Ardeche river and department, France ar-desh /c1:(r)'ds_f/
arr—ek—ee-puh /_ara'ki:pe/ Ares Greek god air—eez /'s:ri:z,' aréte sharp mountain ridge
uh—ret /e'ret,l Arezzo city and football club, Italy uh-ret—s0h /a'rstseo/ Argeles-Gazost resort, France
ar-zhuh-less gaz-ost /u:(r)3a,las ga'znst/ argent silver
ar—juhnt /'ci:(r)d3ant/ Argenta town, Italy
ar—jent-uh /o:(r)'d3enta/ Argentiere village, France
ar-zhah(ng)-tyair /u:(r)3€i'tje:(r)/ Argentina country
ar-juhn-tee-nuh /_a:(r)d3en'ti:na/, Spanish [arxen'tina]
Q Established anglicization. Argentine relating to Argentina ar-juhn-tyn /'o:(r)d3antArn/
25
Argentinian relating to Argentina ar-juhn-tin—i-uhn /,u:(r)d3an'tmian/ Arges river, Romania
ar-jesh /'i1:(r)d3e_[/ Argo constellation ar-goh /'c1:(r)gao/ argon chemical element ar-gon /'o:(r)gnn/ Argonauts Greek mythological characters
ar-guh-nawts /'u:(r)gana:ts/ A1'g0S city, Greece
ar—g0ss /'n:(r)gos/ argosy large merchant ship
ar—guh-si ,"o:(r)gasi/ argot jargon ofa particular group
ar-goh /‘o:(r)geu/ Argyll and Bute council area, Scotland ar-gyl byoot/o:(r)‘gA11'bju:t/ Arhus (also Aarhus) city, Denmark
or-hooss /'o:(r)hu:sl Ariadne Greek mythological character arr-i—ad-ni /,ari'adni/ A1-ica city, Chile arr—ee-kuh la'ri:ka/ Ariege river and department, France
arr-i-ezh /ari'e3/ Ariel moon of Uranus
air-i-uhl /'e:rialf Aries constellation air-eez /'s:ri:z/
Arimidex trademark drug uh-rim-id-eks /a'r1mideks/ arioso musical term
arr-i-oh-zoh /_ari'aozeo/ Ariosto, Ludovico Italian poet
lood-uh-veek-oh arr-i-ost-oh /lu:da_vi:keu ari'ostau/ Aristarchus Greek scholar
arr-ist-ar-kuhss /,ari'stu:(r)kes/ Aristide, Jean-Bertrand Haitian statesman
zhah(ng) bair-trah(ng) arr-ist—eed /341 be:(r),tr(1 aris'ti:d/ Aristides Greek statesman and general
arr-ist-y-deez /,£ll‘I'SlAIdlZZ/' Aristippus Grcck philosopher
arr—ist-ip-uhss /,ar1‘st|pasf Aristophanes Greek comic dramatist arr-ist-of-uh-neez I,ar1'stnfani:z/ Aristotelian relating to Aristotle
arr-ist-uh-tee-Ii-uhn /,ar1sta'ti:lian/
Argentinian | Armstrong, Louis Aristotle Greek philosopher and scientist arr-ist-ot-uhl /‘aristotal/ arithmetic branch of mathematics
uh-rith-muh-tik /e'ri6mat1k/ arithmetic relating to arithmetic
arr-ith-met-ik /_3I‘I6'm£lll(/ Arkansas city and state, US
ark-uhn-saw /’o:(r)kanso:/ The river Arkansas in Kansas, however, is
ar-kan-zuhss.
Arkhangelsk see Archangel Arlanda airport, Sweden
ar-lan-duh /'n:(r)landa/ Aries city, France arl /o:(r)l/ Arlon town, Belgium
ar-lo(n9) /11:(r)']:3/ armadillo insectivorous mammal
ar-muh-dil-oh /,o:(r)me'd11au,l Armageddon last battle before the Day of Judgement
ar-muh-ged-uhn /,u:(r)ma'gsdan/ 'Armagh county, Northern Ireland
ar-mah /o:(r)'mu:/' Armagnac French brandy ar-muhn-yak /'a:(r)manjak/ Armani, Giorgio Italian fashion designer
jor-joh ar-mah-ni /‘d3o:(r)d3eo o:(r)'mo:ni/ Armenia country ar-mee-ni-uh /o:(r)'mi:nia,/ ' Established anglicization. Armenian, Raffi Canadian composer and conductor
raf-i ar-mee-ni-uhn /'rafi a:(r)'mi:nien/ armistice agreement to stop lighting
ar-mist-iss /'o:(r)mist1s,' Armitage, Richard American politician
ar-mit-ij /'ci:(r)mIt|d3/ armoire cupboard or wardrobe ar-mwar /o:(r)'mwu:(r)/ Armstrong, Louis American jazz musician
loo-iss /'lu:is/ This was his preferred pronunciation, despite the popular pronunciation of his
name as loo-i.
Arne, Thomas | ASCII Arne, Thomas English composer arn /u:(r)n/ Arnhem town, Netherlands
ar-nuhm /'u:(r)nam/ Arno river, Italy ar-noh /'u:(r)nao/ arpeggio musical term
ar—pej—oh /u:(r)'pad;-',ao/ Arquette family name of American actors Patricia, Rosanna, and David ar-ket /u:(r)'k:-:t/ Arras town, France
arr-uhss /‘ares/, [aras] - Established anglicization. Arrhenius, Svante Swedish chemist
svan-tuh arr—ay-ni-uuss /'svanta a'reInios/ arrhythmia irregular heartbeat
uh-rith-mi-uh /a‘r1omia/ arrivederci ‘goodbye’ (Italian) arr-iv-ed-air-chi ,/arIve'ds:(r)t_l'i/ arriviste ambitious or selflseeking person
arr-i-veest /,ari'vi:st/ arrondissement subdivision of a French department
arr-on~deess-mo(ng) /,arnn'di:smf)/, [arfidismfij - Established anglicization.
Arroyo, Gloria. MaeapagalPhilippine president
glaw-ri-uh mak-uh-puh-gal arr-oy-oh /_glo:ria makapagal a'r:>1au/ arsenic chemical element
ar-suh-nik /'ci:(r)san1k/
Artalld, Antonin French actor
ah(ng)-toh-na(ng) ar-toh /(1tau'né (1:(r)'tau/ Artaxerxes king of ancient Persia ar~tuh-zurk-seez /,u:(r)ta'za:(r)ksi:z/ art deco decorative art style art dek-oh /,u:(r)t ‘dskaol Artemis Greek goddess art-im-iss /'o:(r)t1m1s/ Arte Povera Italian artistic movement ar-tay pov-uh-ruh /_o:(r)tei 'pnvara/ arthritis painful inflammation of the joints
arth-ry-tiss /u:(r)'9r/\1t1s/ Arthropoda phylum of invertebrate
animals
ar-thruh-poh-duh /,u:(r)9ra'paoda/
26 articulatory relating to the formation of
speech sounds ar-tik-yuul-uh-tuh-ri /u:(r)'t1kjolatari;' Sometimes also ar-tik-yoo-lay-tuh-ri. artifice clever devices or expedients
ar-tif-iss /'u:(r)t1fis/ artisan worker in a skilled trade
ar-ti Z-3 n /,u'(r)t1' . Z3 nf Sometimes also ar—tiz-an.
art nouveau style of decorative art and design
art noo—voh /_ci:(r)t nu:'vau/ Artois region and former province, France
ar-twah /c1:(r)'twu:/ Aruba island, Caribbean
uh-roo-buh /e'ru:ba/ arugula rocket plant uh-roo-guh-luh /e'ru:gala,'
Arunachal Pradesh state, India arr-oo-nah-chuhl pruh-daysh /aru:,nu:t_l"a1 pra'de1_l"/ Arundel town, England
arr-uhn-duhl /'arende1/ Arwen character from The Lord Qf'th.e Rings ar-wen /'u:(r)wsn,’ Aryabhata. Indian astronomer
ar-yuh-bah-tuh /,u:(r)ja‘bci:ta/ Aryan ethnic group air—i-uhn /'a:rian/ arytenoid cartilage at the back of the larynx arr—it-ee—noyd f|&I‘I'tiI1'lI)I(l/ as ancient Roman coin
ass fasf asana yoga posture
ah—suh-nuh /'c1:sana/ Asansol city, India ass—uhn-sohl /,asan'sao1/ Asante see Ashanti
ASBO Anti-Social Behaviour Order az-boh /"azbao/ ascetic characterized by self—discipline
uh-set-ik fa'sstIk/
Ascham, Roger English scholar and writer ask-uhm /'askam/ ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ask-i /'aski/
27
Asclepius I astigmatism
Asclepius Greek mythological character uh-Sklee-pi-uhS5 /a'skli:pias/
ASLEF Associated Society of Locomotive
AS001; town, England
az-lef /'azlsf/ Asmara capital of Eritrea
ask-uht /'askat/ ASEAN Association of South-East Asian
Engineers and Firemen
ass-mar-uh /as'ma:re/
Nations
Asoka see Ashoka
ass-i-an /'asian/
aspartame sweet substance
Asgard world in Scandinavian mythology
ass—gard /'asgo:(r)d/ Ashanti (also Asante) region, Ghana
uh-shan-ti /a'Ianti/ Ashdod seaport, Israel
ash-dod /aj"dnd/ Asher Hebrew patriarch
ash-uhr /'aIa(r)/ Ashgabat (also Ashkhabwd) capital of Turkmenistan
ash-khuh-bat /aj‘xa‘bat/ Ashkenazi Jew of central or eastern European descent ash—kuh-nah-zi /,aj'ka'nu:zi/ Ashkenazy, Vladimir Russian—born pianist vluh-dee-meer ash—kuh-nah-zi /vla_di:mIa(r) _a_[ka'n:ba(r)n,/ Aubusson town, France; also carpet made there oh-byoo-son /Koobjusnn/, [obyso]
29 ~ Established anglicization. Auchterarder town, Scotland
okh-tuhr-ar-duhr /,nxta(r)'o:(r)da(r)/ Auckland city, New Zealand
awk-luhnd /'o:kland,|' an courant aware of what is going on
oh koo-ro(ng) /,ao ku:'rfi/, French [0 kurfi] Auden, W. H. English-born American poet aw-duhn /'o:dan/ Audubon, John James American naturalist and artist
aw-duh-buhn ,"a:daben/ Auerbach, Frank German-born English painter
ow-uhr—bakh /'aoa(r)bax/ au fait having a good knowledge of
oh fay /,ao ‘fell Augean relating to Augeas aw-jee-uhn /o:‘d3i:anf Augeas Greek mythological character
aw-jee-uhss /:i:'d3i:es/ augment change awg—ment /o:g'rnsnt/ Augrabies Falls series of waterfalls, South Africa uh-grah-beez /a'gru:bi:z/ Augsburg city, Germany owks-boork /‘aoksbua(r)k/ augury sign of what will happen in the future aw-gyuu-ri /‘o:gjori/ august respected and impressive aw—gu5t ,/a:‘gnst/ Augusta resort, US aw-gust-uh /:>:'gAsta/ Augustine, St doctor ofthe Church
aw-gust—in /:>:'g1\st1n/ Augustus Roman emperor
aw-gust-uhss /o:'g.\stas/ auk seabird
Auchterarder | autarch Aurangzeb Mogul emperor aw-ruhng—zeb lozranzebl Aurelian Roman emperor aw~ree-li—uhn /o:'ri:lian/ Aurelius, Marcus Roman emperor
mar-kuhss aw-ree-Ii-uhss /,mu:(r)kas o:'ri:lias,f ¢ See LATIN panel. aureole circle of light
aw—ri-ohl /'o:riaol/ Auric, Georges French composer
zhorzh orr-eek /,3a:(r)3 n'ri:k/ auricular relating to the ear aw-rik-yuul-uhr /o:'r1kjo1a(r)/ Auriga constellation
aw-ry-guh /:.>:'rmga/ Aurora goddess of the dawn aw-raw-ruh /o:'r:>:ra/
Aurora Australis southern lights aw-raw-ruh aw-strah-Iiss /a:,ro:ra o:‘stro:l1s/ Aurora Borealis northern lights aw-raw-ruh borr-i-ah-liss /a:,ro:ro bnri'u:l1s/
Auschwitz Nazi concentration camp in Poland owsh-vits /'aoIv1ts/ Auslese German white wine
owss-lay-zuh /'aosle1za/ auspicious conducive to success
aw-spish-uhss /o:'sp1_l‘as/ austere severe or strict ost-eer /n'stia(r),I
Austerlitz, Battle ofbattle in 1805 aw-stuhr-lits /'o:sta(r)11ts/ Austin city, US ost-in /‘nstIn/ Australasia region, South Pacific ost-ruh-lay-shuh /,nstra'le1Ia,' Australopithecus bipedal primate
ost-ruh-loh-pith-ik-uhss
auld lang syne times long past
/,nstralau'p191kas/ Austria country
awld lang syn /,o:ld Ian 'smn/
ost-ri-uh /'nstria/
awk /aikl
aumbry recess or cupboard in a church
awm-bri /':i:mbri/ Aung San Burmese nationalist leader
owng san /,aun 'san/ Aung San Suu Kyi Burmese political leader
owng san soo chee /aun ,san su: ‘t_I‘i:/
The pronunciation awst-ri-uh is less common now. This is an established anglicization; the German name is
ijsterreich, pronounced oest-uhr-rykh
['o:staraic]. autarch ruler with absolute power
aw-tark /'o:tci:(r)k/
authoritative | Avogadro, Amedeo authoritative able to be trusted as being accurate
aw-thorr-it-uh-tiv /o:'6nr1tat1v/ Less commonly also aw-thorr-it-ay-tiv.
autism mental condition aw-tiz-uhm /'o:t1zam/ Autobahn German motorway
ow-toh-bahn /'aotaobu:n,' Commonly also anglicizedi tojyv¥toEbgagh7n.7 autodidact self-taught person
I
aw-toh-did-akt /'o:taodidakt/ automaton pl. automata mechanical device made in imitation of a human being
aw-tom-uh-tuhn, pl. aw-tom-uh-tuh /oftnmatan/, pl. /-ta,’ ~ Standard -s plural is also possible. automotive relating to motor vehicles aw-tuh-moh-tiv /,:>:ta'maot1v/ autopista Spanish motorway Ow-‘(Oh-peeSt—uh /_aotao'pi:sto/ Commonly also anglicized to aw-toh-peest-uh. autopsy post-mortem examination
aw-top-si /'o:tDpsi/ Less commonly also aw-top-si.
autostrada Italian motorway ow—toh-strah-duh /,uotao'stro:da/ Commonly also anglicized to
aw-toh-strah-duh. Auvergne region, France
oh-vairn /eo'vs:(r)n/ Auxerre town, France oh—Sair /ao'sa:(r)/ Sometimes erroneously awk-sair.
auxiliary providing additional help and support
awg-zil-i-uh-ri /o:g'z1liari/ Commonly also awk-sil-i-uh-ri.
avalanche mass of snow falling rapidly down a mountainside
av-uh-lahnsh /'avo1n:n_l‘/ Avalon mythical place av-uh-Ion /'avalnn/ avant-garde new and experimental
30
avast stop! uh—vahst /a'vu:st/ Avastin cancer drug ay-vast-in /e1'vastm/ avatar manifestation of a deity in bodily form av—uh-tar /'avato:(r)/ Avebury village, England
ayv-buh-ri ,"e1vberi/ Aveda American hair and skin care
company uh-vay-duh /a'verda/ Avedon, Richard American photographer
av-uh-duhn /'avadan/ Avellino town and province, Italy
av-el-ee-noh ;‘ave'li:nao/ Ave Maria Catholic prayer
ah-vay muh-ree-uh /,u:ve1 me'ri:o/ Aventine Hill one of the seven hills of Rome av-uhn-tyn /'3V3l'liAl]1/ aver state or assert uh-vur /a'va:(r)/ Avernus Roman mythological name uh-vur-nuhss /a'va:(r)nas/ AVel‘l‘0i§S Spanish—born Islamic philosopher
uh-verr-oh-eez /a'vsraui:z/ Aves class of vertebrates
ay-veez /'eivi:z,/ Avesta sacred texts of Zoroastrianism uh—vest-uh /a'vssta/ avian relating to birds
ay-vi-uhn ,"e1vian/ aviatrix pl. aviatrices female pilot
ay-vi-ay-triks, pl. ay-vi-ay-triss-eez /,e1vi'e1tr1ks/, pl. /-tr1si:z/ Avicenna Persian—born Islamic philosopher
av-iss-en-uh /_avI'ssne/ Avignon city, France
av-een-yoh(ng) /avi:n'j5/
avocet wading bird av-uh-set /'avasst/ Avogadro, Amedeo Italian chemist
ideas
and physicist
av-ong gard ,l_avn1j| 'go:(r)d/, French [avfi gard]
am-uh-day-oh av-uh-gahd-roh /amaldelao ava‘go:drao/
avoirdupois | azure
31
avoirdupois system of weights
av-wa r—dyoo-pwah /,avwo:(r)dju:'pwo:/
Avoriaz ski resort, France av-Orr-i-ah /avori'u:/ avuncular kind towards a less experienced person
uh-vunk-yuul—uhr /a'vm]kjola(r)/ AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System
ay—Wak5 /'e1waks/ Awarua southern tip of New Zealand ah-wuh-roo-uh /o:we'ru:a/ AWOL Absent WithOut Leave
aylz-buh-ri /'e1lzbari/ Aymara South American ethnic group
y—muh-rah /AIl'I‘l9'I‘(]I/ Ayodhya town, India
ah—yohd-yuh /rju:3/, [b5 vwajo:3] bonxie great Skua
bonk-si j‘bm3ksi/ Bonynge, Richard Australian conductor
bon-ing /‘bonny bonze Japanese or Chinese Buddhist teacher bonz /bonzil boojum mythological dangerous animal boo-juhm /'bu:d3am,' Boolean relating to the work of mathematician George Boole
boo-li—uhn /'bu:lian/ boo!‘ rough and bad-mannered person bor /ba:(r)/ Less commonly also boor.
Boiites | boscage
51
Boiites northern constellation
boh-oh-teez /beo'eoti:z,' Booth, Cherie English lawyer; wife of Tony Blair
shuh-ree booth /ja,ri: 'bu:o/ This British surname is variously
pronounced booth and booth, depending
on individual preference. Boothia, Gulf of gulf in the Canadian
Arctic booth-i-uh /'bu:6ia/ Bophuthatswana region, South Africa
boh-poo-tuht-swah-nuh /,beopu:tat'swu:ne/ bora strong, cold wind baw-ruh /'bo:ra/ Bora-Bora island, French Polynesia
baw-ruh baw-ruh /,bo:ra 'bo:ra/ boracic consisting of boric acid
bu h-rass-ik /ba'rasik,' borage herbaceous plant borr-ij /'bor1d5/ Boris city, Sweden
buu-rawss /bo'ro:s/ Borazon trademark industrial abrasive
baw-ruh-zon /'b:>:razon/ Borbon y Borbon, Juan Carlos de king of Spain
khwan kar-lohss day bor-bon ee
bor—gah-tuh /bo:(r)'gu:ta/ Borgia, C€Si':lI'B Italian statesman
chez-uh-ray bor-juh /,t_1‘szare1 'bo:(r)d3a/ Borgia, Lucrezia Italian noblewoman
loo-kret-si-uh borj-uh /lugkretsia 'bo:(r)d3a/ Boris Godunov opera by Mussorgsky
borr-iss god-uun-of /,bnr1s ,gndunnf/, Russian [bA_r1is goAdo'n0f] ~ Established anglicization. Borlaug, Norman American scientist
bor~lawg /'bo:(r)1o:g/ borlotti bean type ofkidney bean
bor-lot-i /bo:(r)‘iI)ti/
Bormann, Martin German Nazi politician
mar-teen bor-man /,mu:(r)ti:n 'bo:(r)man/ Borneo island, divided between Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei bor-ni—0h /'bo:(r)niao/ Bornholm island, Denmark
born-hohm /"o:>:(r)nheo:m/, ['boenho1m] ~ Established anglicization. Borobudnr Buddhist monument in Java b0rr—0h—buud—00r /,boraobo'doa(r)/ Borodin, Aleksandr Russian composer
al-uhk-sahn-duhr borr-uh-din bor-bon /xwan ,ku:(r)laos del /alak,so:nde(r) 'borad1n/ bo:(r),b'on i: bo:(r)'bon/ Borodino, Battle ofbattle in 1812 in borborygmus rumbling noise in the Russia intestines borr-uh-dee-noh /,bnre'di:nau/ bor—buh-rig—muhss /,bo:(r)ba'r1gmas/ ~ Established anglicization. Bordeaux port, France boron chemical element bor-doh /bo:(r)'dao/ baw-ron /'bo:rnn/ bordelaise served with a sauce of red Borrell, Josep Spanish politician wine and onions zhuuz-ep borr-el /3o_zap bo'rsl/ bor—duh—layz /_b:>:(r)da'1e1z/ Bordet, Jules Belgian bacteriologist and Borromini, Francesco Italian architect immunologist
zhuel bor-day /3y1bo:(r)'de1/ boreal relating to the climatic zone south
of the Arctic
haw-ri-uhl /'bo:rie1/ boreen Irish narrow country road
baw-reen /bo:'ri:n/ Borg, Bjorn Swedish tennis player
byoern borg /,bjm:(r)n ‘b0:(r)g/, [_bjCeI11_ 'borj]
borgata branch of the Mafia
fran-chesk-oh borr-uh-mee-ni /fran,t_[‘eskao ,bora'rni:ni/
Borsalino trademark wide-brimmed hat bor-suh-lee-noh /,b0:(r)sa'li:nao/ borscht Russian or Polish soup borsht /b:>:_(r)_[t/ borzoi Russian Wolfhound
bor-zoy /'bo:(r)zo1;' boscage mass of trees or shrubs bosk-ij /'bnsk1d3/
Boscastle I bourrée
52
Boscastle village, England b0ss—kah-suhl /'bosku:sel/
Bougainville island, Papua New Guinea boo-guhn-vil /'bu:ganv11/
Bosnia-Herzegovina country boz-ni-uh hurt-suh-gov-in-uh
Bougainville, Louis Antoine de
/,boznia ha:(r)tsa'gnvlna/ Established anglicization. The Bosnian name is Bosna I Hertsegovina, pronounced
boss-nuh ee hairt-suh-gov-in-uh. Bosphorus the Bosporus
boss-fuh-ruhss /'bosfaras,' Bosporus strait connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara
bosp-uh-ruhss /‘bnsparas/ bossa nova Brazilian dance boss-uh noh-vuh /_bnsa 'naove/ Botha, P. W. South African statesman
boo-uh-tuh /'buate/ 0 This is the Afrikaans pronunciation. Botham, Ian English cricketer bohth-uhm /'bao8am/ This British surname is variously pronounced both-uhm and bohth-uh m, depending on individual preference.
Bothnia, Gulf ofpart of the Baltic Sea both-ni—uh /'bnBnia,l Bothwell, Earl of Scottish nobleman both-wel /'b'oBwal/ bothy (also bothie) small hut or cottage
both-i /'bn6i/
Botox trademark drug prepared from botulin
boh-toks /'baot0ks/ Botswana country bot-swah-nuh /bo‘tswo:na/ Botticelli, Sandro Italian painter
san-droh bot-itch-el-i /,sandrau but1't_|'sli/ botulin bacterial toxin
bot-yuul-in /'bntjol1n/ botulism food poisoning
bot-yuul-iz-uhm /'botjollzam/ bouchée small pastry
boo-shay /'bu:Ie1/ Boucher, Francois French painter frah(ng)-swah boo-shay /frfi,swu: bu:‘_|‘e1/ Boudicca queen of the lceni; also called Boadicea boo-dik-uh /'bu:d1ka,l boudin French black pudding boo-da(ng) /'bu:dé/
French explorer lwee ah(ng)-twahn duh boo-ga(ng)-veel /lwiz €1,two:n do buzgevizll bougie surgical instrument boo-zhi /'bu:3i/
bouillabaisse fish soup boo-yuh-bess /bu:ja'bes/ boulc French form of bowls
bool /bu:l/ Boulez, Pierre French composer and conductor
pyair boo-lez /pjs:(r) bu:'lez/ Boulogne port, France buul-oyn /bn'lmn/, [bulrm] Q Established anglicization. Boult, Adrian English conductor bohlt jbaultl Boulting, Jolm and Roy English film producers and directors bohl-ting /'baoltm/ Boulton, Matthew English engineer bOh|—tuhn /'baoltan/ Bourbaki name of a group of mathematicians
boor-bah-ki /,bua(r)‘bu:ki/ Bourbon European royal house
boor-buhn /'bua(r)ban/, French [burbfi] ~ Established anglicization. Bourbon chocolate-flavoured biscuit bor—buhn /'b:>:(r)ban/ bourbon American whisky bu r-buhn /'be:(r)ban/
Bourbonnais province, France boor-bon-ay /,bua(r)bn'ne1,' bourgeois characteristic of the middle class
boor-zhwah /'bua(r)3wa:/ bourgeoisie middle class boor-zhwah-zee /_boa(r)3wt1:'zi:/ Bourguiba, Habib ibn Ali Tunisian
nationalist and statesman
huh-beeb ib-uhn al-ee boor-gee-buh /ha_bi:b _|ban a,1i: boa(r)‘gi:ba/ bourrée French dance boor-ay /boa're1/
bourse | Bramah, Joseph
53
brak-i-uh-poh-duh /,bI'akie'peoda,l
bourse French stock market
boorss /boa(r)s/
brachytherapy treatment of cancer
Boursin trademark kind of French soft cheese
boor-sa(ng) /bua(r)'sé/ Boutros-Ghali, Boutros Egyptian diplomat and politician
boo-tross boo-tross gah-Ii /,bu:trns ,bu:trns ‘go:li/ B0llV(-31$ Island Norwegian island in the South Atlantic
boo-vay /bu:'ve1/ bouzouki Greek musical instrument
buuz-oo-ki /bo'zu:ki/
brak-i-therr-uh-pi /|braki'Berepi/ bradawl tool for boring holes
brad-awl /'brado:l/ Bradenham ham trademark dark sweet-cured ham
brad-uhn-uhm /'bradanam/ bradycardia abnormally slow heart action
brad-i-kar-di-uh /_bradi'ku:(r)dia/ brae steep bank or hillside bray fbreil
bovid mammal of the cattle family
Braeburn dessert apple
boh-vid /'haov1d/ bovine relating to cattle boh-vyn /'l)9UVA1l’1[' bovine spongiform encephalopathy disease of cattle; ‘mad cow disease’
bray-burn ,"bre1ba:(r)n/ Braga city, Portugal brah-guh /'bru:ga/ Braganza city, Portugal
boh-vyn spun-ji-form en-kef-uh-lop-uh-thi /,baov1un |spAnd3ifo:(r)m ,s13k£fa'1npe6i/ Bow, Clara American actress b0h /bouf Bowen, Elizabeth Irish-born British novelist
boh-uhn /'baoan/ Bowery street and district in New York City bow-uh-ri /'baoari,l bowhead Arctic whale bOh-hed /'baohed/ Bowie, David English singer b0h—i /'beoil Bowie, Jim American frontiersman
boo-i ,/'bu:i/ l)0Wl8 knife long type of knife
braggadocio boastfill or arrogant behaviour brag-uh-doh-choh /,braga'daotj"au/' Brahe, Tycho Danish astronomer
ty-koh brah-hi /,tA1kau 'bru:hi/, [_ty:ko 'bro:a] ' Established anglicization. Brahma Hindu god
brah-muh /'bro:ma/ Brahman member of the highest Hindu caste brah-muhn /'bro:man/ Brahmanism post-Vedic Indian religion
brah-muh-niz-uhm /'bro:ma_n1zam/
Brahmaputra river, southem Asia bra h-mu h-poot-ruh /,brr1:ma'pu:tra,/ Brahms, Johannes German composer
yoh-han-uhss brahmz /jao,hanes
boh-i /'baoi/
ixiviisbob-i.
bruh-gan-zuh /bra'ganza/
B if i
Bowles, Paul American writer and CO1T1pOS€I'
bohl; fbaolzf Bowness town, England boh—ness /beu'nas/ Bow Street location in London boh /beo/ Brabant former duchy, western Europe bruh-bant /bro'bant/ Brachiopoda phylum of marine invertebrates
'bru:mz/, ['bra:ms] ¢ Established anglicization. Britlllli Pakistani ethnic group
bruh-hoo—i /bra'hu:i/ Braila city, Romania
bruh-ee-iuh /bra'i:la/ Braille, Louis French educationist
lwee bry /,1wi: 'bm1/ Braille written language for the blind
brayl /breilj Bramah, Joseph English inventor
bram-uh /'brama/
Bramante, Donato I Brignoles Bramante, Donato Italian architect
don-ah-toh bram-an-tay /dn_na:tau
54-
Brazzaville capital of Congo
braz-uh-vil /'hrazav1l/
bra'mante1/ Branagh, Kenneth English actor, producer, and director
Brecht, Bertolt German dramatist
bran-uh /'brane/ Bréincusi, Constantin Romanian
Breda town, Netherlands
sculptor
kon-stuhn-teen brank-oo-zi /lkonstenttn bra1]'ku:zi/, [konstan'tin
bra13'kuIj] ¢ Established anglicization. Brandenburg state, Germany bran-duhn-burg /'brandan,ba:(r)g/, ['brandan,burk] ~ Established anglicization. Brandt, Bill German-born British photographer
bra nt /brant/ Brandt, Willy German statesman vil-i brant /_v1li 'brant/ Braque, Georges French painter
zhorzh brak /_3o:(r)3 'brak/ Brasilia capital of Brazil bruh-zil-i-uh /bra'zi1ie/
Brasov city, Romania brash-ov /bra'_1'nv/ brassard band worn on the sleeve
brass-ard /‘brasu:(r)d/ brassica plant brass-ik-uh /'bras|ka/ brassiere undergarment bra:-i-air f‘brazis:(r)/ Bratislava capital of Slovakia brat-iss-lah~vuh /,brat1‘s1u:va/,
['bratiis1ava] * Established anglicization.
hratwllrst type of German pork sausage brat-vurst /‘bratva:(r)st/, ['bra:tvorst] Braun electrical appliances company brawn /bro:n/ Braun, Eva German mistress of Adolf Hitler
ay-vuh brown /,eive 'braon,' braw fine, good, or pleasing
braw /bro:/
and poet
bair-tolt brekht /,be:(r)tn1t 'brect/ bray-duh /'brerda/ Bregenz city, Austria
bray-gents /'bre1gsnts/ Brel, Jacques Belgian singer and composer zhahk brel /,3o:k 'brel/ Bremen state, Germany bray-muhn j'breIman/ Brenner Pass Alpine pass bren-uhr /'brena(r)/ bresaola Italian dish
bress-ow-luh /bre'saola,/ Brescia city, Italy
bresh—uh /'breIa,f Bresson, Robert French film director
r0b—air bress-o(ng) /rn,bs:(r) brs's5/ Brest port, France brest /brest,’ Bretagne French name for Brittany
bruh-tan-yuh /bra'tanje/, [bratanj] Breton relating to Brittany
bret-uhn /‘braten/ Breton, Andre French poet, essayist, and critic
ah(ng)-dray bruh-to(ng) /i:i,dreI bre't:'J/ Brezhnev, Leonid Soviet statesman
lay-uh-need brezh-nyef /le1a,ni:d 'bre3njef/ Brie cheese
bree fhrizf
Briers, Richard English actor bry-uhrz /‘bm1e(r)z,' This British family name is variously
pronounced breerz and bry-uhrz, depending on individual preference.
brigand bandit brig-uhnd /'br1g(a)nd/ brigandine coat of mail
Established anglicization. The Portuguese
brig-uhn-deen /'br1gendi:n/ brigantine tw0—masted sailing ship brig-uhn-teen /'br1ganti:n/
form is Brasil, pronounced braz-ee-00
Brignoles town, France
Brazil country bruh-zil /bra‘2.1l/
[bra'ziw].
breen—y0l /bri:n'jo1/
55
Brindisi | Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
Brindisi port, Italy brin-diz-i /‘br1nd1zi/ brinjal Anglo—Indian name for aubergine brin-jawl /'brInd3o:l/ brio vivacity of style or performance bree-oh /'bri:au/ brioche kind of bread
Bronx borough in New York City bronks /brooks,’ Bronzino, Agnolo Italian painter
an-yoh-loh brond-zee-noh /,anjaolau brnn'dzi:nao/ Bros brothers
bross /bros/'
bree-osh /bri:'n_[/ Brisbane city, Australia briz-buhn /'br1zben/
brose kind of porridge brohz /brauz/
l)I‘iSé ballet jump
broo-uhm /'bru:am,f Brougham British family name
bree-zay /bri:‘ze1/ brisling sardine-like fish briss-ling /'br1sln)/ B1110 city, Czech Republic
bur-noh /'be:(r)nao/, ['brno] Q Established anglicization.
Brobdingnagian huge brob-ding-nag~i—uhn /,brnbd11]'nagien/ Broca’s area part of the brain broh-kuhz /‘braokazf broch Scottish prehistoric circular stone tower
brokh lbrnxi brochette barbecue or grill skewer
brosh-et /brn'j'st/ brochure small book or magazine
broh-shuhr ,"breoj‘a(r)/ Less commonly also brosh»oor.
Brocken mountain, Germany
brok-uhn /'brokon/ bromine chemical element broh-meen /'broomi:n/ bromocriptine drug
brougham horse-drawn carriage
broo-uhm, bruum, broh-uhm, brohm /'bru:am/, /brum/, /‘bran:-am/, fbraoml
Brouwer, Adriaen Flemish painter ah—dri-ahn brow-uhr /_a:driu:n 'braoa(r)/
Brown, Mather American painter math-uhr /'ma6a(r)/ Brubeck, Dave American jazz pianist and composer broo-bek /'bru:bsk/ brucellosis bacterial disease
broo-suh-loh-siss /_bru:sa‘laosIs/ Bruckner, Anton Austrian composer and organist
an-tohn bruuk-nuhr /,antaun 'brokna(r)/ Bruegel (also Brueghel) Flemish family of artists
broy-guhl /'bro1gal/, ['bro:xa1] ' Established anglicization.
Bruges city, Belgium
broozh /bru:3/
broh-moh-krip-teen
This is the French form. The Flemish name
/|lDI‘8UI1"i6U'l{l"IpiLiII1f
['brYxaJ.____
bronchiectasis abnormal widening of the bronchi
bronk-i-ek-tuh-siss /,brm]ki'sktasrs/ bronchiole minute branches into which a bronchus divides
bron-ki-ohl /'brm]kiau1/ bronchiolitis inflammation of the bronchioles bron-ki~uh-ly-tiss /,bro1]kie'1A1tIs/ bronchoscopy method of investigating the bronchial tubes bron-kosk-uh-pi /brnn‘knskepi,l Brflnté family of English authors
bron-ti /'brnnti,’
is Brugge, pronounced bruekh-uh
p
p 7
Brummell, George Bryan English dandy brum-uhl /'lJl"AIl'18l/ Brundtland, Gro Harlem Norwegian ST.3I€SVVOIT13.I1
groo har-luhm bruunt-Ian /,gru: ,hu:(r)lam 'bront1an/ Brunei sultanate
broo-ny /l)I'llZ'I1AI/
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom English engineer
iz-uhm-bard bruun-el /,1zarnbu:(r)d bro'nsl,'
Brunhild | bupropion Brunhild German mythological name broon-hilt /'bru:nhIlt/ bruschetta toasted Italian bread bruu5k—et~uh /bro'sketa/ Brussels capital of Belgium
bruss-uhlz /'brAsa1z/
56
v Established anglicization.
Buerk, Michael BBC journalist burk ,'ba:(r)k/ buffet meal consisting of several dishes
buuf-ay /'bofer/
§nYms}Iiy sis, buf-ay.
PP
Established anglicization. The Flemish name is Bmssel, pronounced bruess-uhl
buifet strike
['brYsal], and the French name is Bruxelles, pronounced brue-sel [brysel].
buf-it /'bAf1t/ Buganda former kingdom of East Africa
Bryansk city, Russia bri-ansk /bri'ansk/ Bual variety of wine grape
boo-al /‘bu:al/ Bublé, Michael Canadian singer my—kuhl b00b—lay /_mA1kal 'bu:ble1/ bucatini small hollow tubes of pasta buuk-uh—tee-ni /,boka'ti:ni/
buccaneer pirate buk-uh-neer ;',bAko‘n1a(r)/ Bucephalus favourite horse of Alexander the Great byO0-Sef-uh-luhss /bju:'ssfales/ Buellan, John Scottish novelist
bukh-uhn /'bAxan/ Buchanan, James American statesman
byoo-kan-uhn /bjufkanan! Bucharest capital of Romania
boo-kuh-rest /,bu:ka'rsst/ Established anglicization, sometimes also
boo-kuh-rest. The Romanian name is Bucuresti, pronounced boo-koo-resh-ti
[buku're]‘ti]. Buchenwald Nazi concentration camp
bookh—uhn-valt /'bu:xanva1t/ Budapest capital of Hungary
byoo-duh-pest /bju;da'psst/, [‘budnpe_',‘t] Established anglicization, sometimes also
boo-duh-pest. Buddha founder of Buddhism buud—uh /‘boda/ Buddhism religion buud-diz-uhm /'l'JUdIZ91'i'1/
Buenaventura port, Colombia bway-nuh-ven-toor-uh /_bwemavsn'toara/ Buenos Aires capital of Argentina
bway-noss y-reez /,bwe1nas 'AII‘iIZ/, Spanish /_bwenos 'ajres/
boo-gan-duh /bu:'ganda/ Bujumbura capital of Burundi
buuj-uum-boor-uh /,bod3orn'boara/ Bulawayo city, Zimbabwe
boo-Iuh-way-oh /_bu:ls'we1eo,' bulgar cereal food made from whole
wheat
bul-guh r /'lJAlQ8(I‘)/ Bulgari Italian jewellery and perfume house buul-guh-ri /'bolgari/ bulimia nervosa eating disorder
buul-im-i—uh nur-voh-suh /bulimia ns:(r)'vaosa/ Bulsara, Farookh real name of Freddie Mercury
fuh-rook buul-sar-uh /faruzk bol'su:ra/ Bundesbank central bank of Germany
buun—duhss-bank /'bondas_ba1]k/ Bundesrat German upper house of
Parliament
buun-duhss-raht /'bondas,rn:t/ Bundestag German lower house of Parliament
buun-duhss~tahk /'bondas,ta:k/ Bunsen, Robert German chemist
roh-bairt buun-zuhn /,raoba:(r)t 'bunzan/ The Bunsen burner is pronounced
bun-suhn. Bunyan, J0hl'l English writer
bun-yuhn /'l)AHjBH/ bunyip mythical amphibious monster
bun—yip /'b1mj1p/ BUPA British United Provident Association b00—puh /'bu:pa,' bupropion trademark antidepressant drug byoo-proh-pi—uhn jbjufpraupianf
Burbank | Byzantium
57 Burbank city, California bur-bank /'ba:(r)ba1j|k/
Burberry trademark English fashion label bur-buh-ri /'ba:(r)bari/ burfi Indian sweet bur-fi /'ba:(r)fi/
Burgas port, Bulgaria
boor-gass /bua(r)'gas/ Burgenland state, Austria
bo0r—guhn-lant ,l'boa(r)gan,lant/ Burghley, William Cecil English statesman
bur-Ii /'ba:(r)li,' Burgos town, Spain
boor-goss /'boa(r)gns/ Burgoyne, J0hn English general and dramatist
bur-goyn /ba:(r)'go1n/ burka Muslim garment bur—kuh /'ba:(r)ka/ v Established anglicization.
Burkina Faso country bur-kee-nuh fass-oh /be:(r),ki:na 'fasao/ Established anglicization; a more native pronunciation would be boor-kee-nuh.
Burma country
bur-muh /'ba:(r)ma/
Burnett, Frances Hodgson British-born American novelist
bu r-net /be:(r)'nst/ This British surname is variously
pronounced bur-net and bur-nuht, depending on individual preference.
Burrell, Paul ex-butler of Princess
Diana burr-uhl /'l)A[‘9l/ burrito Mexican dish buh—ree-toh /ba'ri:tao/
Bursa city, Turkey boor-suh /'boe(r)sa/ Burundi country
buu-ruun-di /bo'rundi/ Buryatia autonomous republic, Russia
boor-yah-ti-uh /,boa(r)'jo:tia/ Buscemi, Steve American actor
buush—em—i /bo'j‘smi/ bushel measure of capacity
buush-uhl /'buj‘a1/
bushido Japanese samurai code of honour
bO0Sh-id-Oh /"ou:_l1dao/ Bushnell, Candace American author
kan-diss buush-nel /_kand1s boI'm:l/ Busoni, Ferruccio Italian composer,
conductor, and pianist
fuh-roo-choh boo-zoh-ni /fe,ru:t_|'ao bu:'zaoni/ Bussell, Darcey English ballet dancer
buss-uhl /'l)AS8l/ butane flammable hydrocarbon gas
byoo-tayn /'bju:tein/ butanol isomeric liquid alcohols used
as solvents
byoo-tuh-nol /'bju:tannl/ Buteyko denoting a technique of controlled breathing
boo-tay-koh /bu:'teIkau/
Buthelezi, Mangosuthu (Gatsha) South African politician
ma ng-goh-soo-too boo-tuh-lay-zi (gatch-u h) /ma13,gausu:tu: bu:ta'leIzi
(nails)! Buxtehude, Dietrich Danish organist and composer deet-rikh buuk-stuh-hoo-duh /_di:tric 'bokstahu:da/ Byblos ancient Mediterranean seaport bib~loss /‘bibles,’ Bydgoszcz city, Poland
bid-goshtch /'b1dgn_[tJ/ Byelorussia. former name for Belarus; also called Belorussia
byel-uh-rush-uh /bjala'rA_[a/ byssinosis lung disease biss-in-oh-siss /_bIs1'nausIs,f byte group of binary digits or bits
byt /l)AIt/ Bytom city, Poland
bit-uhm /'bitam,/
Byzantine relating to Byzantium biz-an-tyn /bI'zanti\.m/ Sometimes also by-zan-tyn. Byzantium ancient Greek city
biz-ant-i-uhm jbrzantieml Sometimes also by-zan-ti-dhiiii
58
C3PO character from the Star Wars films
see-three-pee-oh /si:'Hri:pi:ao/
Caceres province and city, Spain
kath-err-ayss /‘ka9erers/ cachaca Brazilian rum kuh-shah-kuh /ke'_l'o:ka/ cachexia weakness and wasting of the body kuh-kek-Si-uh /ka'kaksia/
Caaba see Kaaba Caan, James American actor ka hn /kozn,’ cabal secret faction
kuh-bal /ke'ba1/ cabaletta simple aria kab—uh—let-uh /_kabe'lata/
cachucha Spanish dance
Caballé, Montserrat Spanish soprano
Caddoan group of American Indian ethnic groups
katch-oo-chuh /ka'tj‘u:tIa/
mont-serr-at kab-al-yay /montserat kaba'lje1/ caballero Spanish gentleman kab-al-yair-oh /,kaba'lje:roo/
kad-oh-uhn /'kadaoen/ Cadiz city, Spain kuh-diz/ke'd1z/ Established anglicization. The Spanish form
cabaret entertainment held in a
is Cadiz, pronounced kath-eeth.
nightclub kab-uh-ray /'kabare1/ Coiiinionly also
I if
Cabbala (also Kabbalah) mystic Hebrew interpretation of the Old Testament kuh-bah-luh ,/ka'bo:la/ Less commoinlyialso kab-uh-luh.
B
cabbalistic relating to Cabbala
kab-uh~list-ik /kabe‘lIstlk/ Cabernet Sauvignon black wine grape
kab-uhr-nay soh-veen-yo(ng) /,kaba(r)ne1 saovi:n'j5/ Cabinda autonomous district of Angola kuh-bin—d uh /ka'b1nda/ caboclo American Indian ethnic group kuh-bohk-Ioh /ka'baokleo/ Caborn, Richard English politician
kay-born /'ke1bo:(r)n/ Cabo Roig resort, Spain
kab-oh royg /,kabao ‘mtg! Cabot, John Italian navigator
kab-uht /'kabat/ cabriole ballet jump kab-ri-ohl /'kabriaol/ cabriolet car with a roof that folds down kab-ri-uh-lay /'kabriale1/ cacao bean-like seeds
kuh-kah-oh /ka'ku:au/
Cadmean relating to Cadmus kad-mee-uhn /kad‘mi:an/ cadmium chemical element kad-mi-uhm /'kadmiem/ Cadmus Greek mythological character kad-muhss /'kadmes/ Caedmon Anglo—Saxon monk and poet
kad-muhn /'kadman/ Caelian Hill one of the seven hills of Rome see-|i—uhn /'si:lian,' Caelum constellation
see-luhm /'si:lem/ Caen city, France
kah(n9) lkdl
Less commonly also anglicized to kahn. Caerdydd Welsh name for Cardiff
kyr—deeth ,/ka1r'di:o/ Caernarfon (also Caernarvon) town, Wales
kuhr-nar-vuhn /ka(r)'nu:(r)van/, [kaIr'narvon] v Established anglicization. Caerphilly mild white cheese kuhr-fil-i /ka(r)'f1li,! Caesar title of Roman emperors See-zu hr /‘si:za(r),' v See LATIN panel.
Caesarea I Callanetics
59
kay-juhn /'ke1d5an/ Calabar port, Nigeria
Caesar-ea ancient port, Israel see-zuh-ree-uh /_si:za‘ri:a/
Caesar-can section delivery of a child
kal-uh-bar /kala'bu:(r)/
by cutting through the walls of the abdomen
Calabria region, Italy kuh-lab-ri-uh /ka'labria/
siz-air-i-uhn /sI'ze:rian/‘
Calais port, France
caesium chemical element
kal-ay /‘kale:/, [kale]
see-zi-uhm /'si:ziam/
v Established anglicization.
cafe (also café) small restaurant
calamari squid kal-uh—mar-i /,ka1a'mu:ri/
kaf-ay /'kafeI/
Commonly also kéil-Eyf
C
cafetiere coffee pot
kaf-uh-tyair ,',kafa'tjs:(r)/ caffe latte drink kaf-ay lat-ay /,kafe1 ‘later! The pronunciation Iah—tay is widespread, especially in AM, but deprecated because it is felt to be less like the Italian.
caffé macchiato drink kaf-ay mak-i-ah-toh /_kafe1 maki'u:tao/ CAFOD CAth0lic Fund for Overseas Development
kaf-od /'l*5i:i*?lfe is _;;i
Cephalonia island, Greece sef-uh-loh-ni-uh /,sefa'launia/
cB{i1}mnly alsoisieziilliililiri-'l:tl'l1|.fl'*K7 G W" Z cerebrum pl. oerebra part of the brain
suh-reeb-ruhm, pl. suh-reeb-ruh jsa'ri:bram/, pl. /-bra/ Commonly also serr-uhb-ruhm, pl.
serr-uhb-ruh. Ceredigion county, Wales
kerr-uh-dig-yon /,ksra'd|gjnn/ cereology study of crop circles
seer-i-ol-uh-ji /,s1ari'olad3i/ Ceres Roman goddess of agriculture
seer-eez /'s1ari:z/ cerise clear red colour
suh-reess /sa'ri:s/ cerium chemical element seer-i-uhm /'s1ariam/ CERN European Organization for
Nuclear Research surn /sa:(r)n/
ceroc dance serr-ok /ss'rok/ The name is a contraction of the French
phrase ‘C'est le roc(k)!’
Cerruti Italian fashion label cherr-00-ti /tIc‘ru:ti/ C€I'llII'l8ll €8l‘Wfl.X
suh-r00-muhn /sa‘ru:man/ Cervantes, Miguel de Spanish novelist and dramatist
mee-gel day sur-van-teez /mi:,gel dei sa:(r)'vanti:z/, /mi,vel de 6er'[3antes/ I Established anglicization. cervical relating to the cervix sur-vik-uhl /'sa:(r)vikal/ The pronunciation su r-vy-kuhl is also common, particularly in the medical
profession.
cervix | Chambéry cervix pl. cervices neck of the womb
sur-viks, pl. sur-viss-eez /'sa1(r)v1ks/,
68
chainé ballet step
shen-ay /Is'ne1/ chaise-longue type of sofa shez-long /Iez'lnng/
pl. /-vrsi:z/ Cesarewitch English horse race suh-zarr-uh-witch /S8'Z8I‘8WIl_f/
Chaka see Shaka
Ceské Budéjovice city, Czech Republic
Chakra centre of spiritual power
chesk-ay buud-yuh-yov-it-suh /_tIsske1 'bodjajnv1tsa/ Cetacea order of marine mammals suh-tay-shuh /sa'teIIa/
Cetshwayo Zulu king set-shway-oh /s&:'tIwe1eo/ Cetus constellation see-tuhss /'si:tes/ Ceuta Spanish enclave, Morocco
syoo-tuh /'sju:ta/, Spanish ['9euta] 0 Established anglicization.
Cévennes mountain range, France say-ven /se1'ven/ ceviche South American fish dish
sev-ee-chay /se'vi:tfe1/ Ceylon former name for Sri Lanka
suh-Ion/sa'1nn,' Cezanne, Paul French painter pol say—zan /,pol se1'zan/ Chablis village, France; also wine made there
shab-lee /_[ab'1i:/ Chabro], Claude French film director klohd shab-rol /,klaod j‘a'broll' cha-cha ballroom dance
chah-chah /'tjc1:t_fc1:,' chacham see haham Chaco War dispute between Bolivia and Paraguay
chah-koh /'t_|"o:koo/ Chad country
chad /tIad/ chador piece of cloth worn by Muslim
women chud-uhr /'tIAda(r)/ chaebol business conglomerate
chay-bol /'tIe1bn1/ Chagall, Marc Russian-born French painter
mark shag-al /,mu:(r)k _fa'ga1/ Chagos Archipelago group of islands, Indian Ocean chah-gohss /'t_l‘c1:gaos/ chai tea
chy /t_l'AI/
in the body
chuk-ruh /'tIAkre/ Chalabi, Ahmad al- Iraqi politician akh-muhd uhl chal-uh-bi /,axmad al 't_|'alobi/ Chalayan, Hussein Cypriot fashion designer
huu-sayn chuh-ly-uhn /hu,se1n t_l'a'lnrenf Chalcedon former city, Asia Minor
kal-suh-don /‘kalsedon/ chalcedony precious stone ka|—Sed—uh-ni /kal's£dani/ Chalcis town, Greece
kal-siss /'ka1s1s/ Established anglicization. Ihc Greel< name’, is Khalkis, pronounced khal-keess.
Chaldea ancient country, Iraq
ka!-dee-uh /kal'di:a/ Chaldee language of the ancient Chaldeans
kal—dee /'kaldi:/ chalet wooden house
shal-ay /'la1e1/ Chaliapin, Fyodor Russian operatic bass
fyod-uhr shal-yah-pin /_fjoda(r) _l"a‘ljn:p1n/ challis clothing fabric
chal—iss /'t_[al1s/ chalumeau musical instrument
shal—uum-oh /‘Ialomao/ Chain indigenous ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia
cham /tj‘am/ Chamaeleon constellation kuh-mee-Ii-uhn /ka'mi:1ian/' Chamberlain, Neville British statesman
chaym-buhr-lin /'tj‘e1mba(r)l1n/ Chambertin French red wine
5hah(ng)-bair—ta(ng) /_[Eibs:(r)'té/ Chambéry town, France shah(ng)-berr-ee /j‘nbs'ri:/
chameleon | Charybdis
69 chameleon lizard-like creature kuh-mee—li—uhn /ka'mi:lian/ chametz food prohibited during
Passover khah-mets ,/'xo:mets/ Chamonix resort, France sham-uh-nee /'_famani:/ Chamorro indigenous ethnic group of Guam
chuh-morr-oh /tIe'mnreo/ Champagne region, France shah(ng)-pan-yuh /]'fi'panja/,
[Ifipanfl champagne sparkling wine
sham-payn /_Fam'peIn/ Champaign city and county, US
sham-payn /Iam'pe1n,' champaign open level countryside
cham-payn /'t_l'ampeln/ Champlain, Samuel de French explorer
sam-ue-el duh shah(ng)-pla(ng) /samy,sl do Id'pl€:/
Champs Elysées avenue in Paris shonz uh-lee-zay /,_|‘onz a'1i:ze1/, French [jfiz elize] ' Established anglicization. Chan Chan capital of the pre-Inca civilization of the Chimu Chan than /tj'an 't_I‘an/
chancre ulcer shank-uhr /‘j‘ai]ka(l")/
chandelier hanging light shan-duh-leer /,_[anda'l1a(r)/ Chandigarh city, India
chun-dee-guhr /tIAl‘l'(llZg8(I')/ Chandragupta Maurya Indian CIHPGTOF
chun-druh-guup-tuh mow-ri-uh /_tIAndra,gopta 'mauria/ Chanel, Coco French couturiere koh-koh shuh-nel /_kaokao _\'a'ns1/ Chaney, Lon American actor
Ion chay-ni /,1nn'tje1ni,' Changchun city, China
chang-chuun /,t_[a1]'t_[on/ Chang Jiang see Yangtze Changsha city, China
chang-shah /,tIan'ju:/ Chania (also Khania) port, Crete khan-yah /xa'njo:/ chanterelle mushroom
shan-tuh-rel /Ianta'rsl/ chanteuse female singer shahn—tu(r)z /_[a:n'ta:z/ Chanukkah see Hanukkah Chao Phraya river, Thailand chow pruh-yah /,tj‘ao pro'ja:/ chaparajos (also chaparejos) leather trousers
chap-uh—ray-hohss /_t_fapa're1haos,' chapatti thin pancake
chuh-pat-i /tj‘a'pati/ Chapman, Dinos English artist dee-noss chap-muhn /,di:nus ‘tjapmanl
Chappaquiddick Island island, US chap-uh-kwid-ik /,tIapa'kw1d1k/ Chappell, Greg Australian cricketer
chap-uhl /'tj‘apal/ charango musical instrument chuh-rang-goh /tj‘a'rangaol charas cannabis resin
char-uhss /'tIo:raS/ Charcot, Jean-Martin French neurologist zhah(ng) ma r-ta(ng) shar-koh /36 mo:(r),té _[o:(r)‘kao,' Chardonnay variety of white wine grape shar-duh-nay /'_\‘c1:(r)daneI/ Charente river, France
sharr-ah(ng)t /Ia'r:(r),f1ariao 'di:as/ diazepam drug of the benzodiazepine STOUP
dy~ayz-uh-pam ,/d.AI'BIZ3pElIIl/ As with other drugs in this group, the pronunciation -az-uh-pam is also common. Dibnah, Fred English steeplejack and broadcaster
dib-nuh ,/'d1bne/ DiCaprio, Leonardo American actor
lee-uh-nar-doh dik-ap-ri-oh /li:a,no:(r)deo drkapriaoj dichotomy contrast between two things
dy—kot-uh-mi /(lAI'kDlZ9I‘I‘1i/ Sometimes also dik-ot-uh—mi.
Dickensian relating to Charles Dickens
dik-en-zi-uhn /d1'ksnzien/ dictum pl. dicta formal pronouncement
dik-tuhm,p1. dik-tuh /'drktem/, Pl. /-te/ v Standard -s plural is also possible. didactic intended to teach dy-dak-tik /dA1'dakt1k/’ Sometimes also did-ak-tik.
101
dideoxycytidine Aids drug
dy-di-oks-i-sy-tid-een /|dAIdlDkSi'SAIiICliZl'1]'
dideoxyinosine Aids drug dy-di-oks-i-in-oh-seen /,dA1dinksi'Inaosi:n/ Diderot, Denis French philosopher
duh-nee dee-duh-roh /da,ni: di:da'reu/ didgeridoo (also didjeridu) Australian Aboriginal musical instrument
dij—uh-rid—o0 /,d1d3er1'du:/ Dido Roman mythological name dy-doh /'dA1dao/ Dido English singer dy—d0h /'dAIdeo/ Didyma ancient sanctuary, Asia Minor
did—im-uh /'d1d1me/ Die Fledermaus operetta by Strauss
dee flay-duhr-mowss /di: ‘flerda(r)maos/ Diego Garcia island, Chagos Archipelago di-ay-goh gar—see-uh /di,ergao gu:(r)'si:a/ Dien Bien Phu town, Vietnam dee-uhn bee—uhn foo /,di:an ,bi:an 'fu:/ Dieppe port, France
dvep Idiepr Diesel, Rudolf French—b0rn German
engineer roo-dolf dee-zuhl /_ru:do1f'di:zelj Dies Irae ‘Day of Wrath’ (Latin)
dee-ez eer-y /,di:az 'I8I'AIf - See LATIN panel.
Dietrich, Marlene German-born American actress and singer
mar-lay-nuh dee-trik /mo:(r),le1ne 'di:tr1k/, German [‘di:tr1r;] ~ Family name anglicized. Dien et mon dl‘0it ‘God and my right’
(French), the motto of the British monarch
dyoe ay mo(ng) drwah /_djo er ms 'drwo:/ Die Walkiire opera by Wagner
dideoxycytidine l dimissory Die Zauberfliite opera by Mozart; ‘the magic flute’ dee tsow-buhr-floe-tuh /di: 'tsaoba(r),flo:ta/ digamma letter of the Greek alphabet dy-gam-uh ldnrgamef digest summary of information dy-jest /'dAId3r-:st/ digest break down dy-jest /dA1'd3est/
éometimes 51;; dij-est. digeSlifdrink
dee-zhest-eef /,di:5r»:'sti:f/ digitalis drug
dij—it-ay-liss /_did31'te111s,‘ diglossia situation in which two
languages are used under different conditions
dy—gl0ss-i-uh ldnrglnsial digraph combination of two letters representing one sound
dy-gra hf /'ClAIgI‘Cl§f/ dihedral having two plane faces
dy-hee-druhi /d»\1'hi:dral/ Dijla see Tigris Dijon city, France
dee-zho(ng) /di:'35/ dilate make wider dy—layt /dA1'lert/ Sometimes also dil-ayt.
dilatory slow to act
dil—uh—tuh-ri /‘diletari/ dilemma situation with a difficult choice
dil-em-uh /d1'1sma/ Commonly also dy-lem-uh.
Dili port, Indonesia
dee-lee /'di:1i:/ dilophosaurus dinosaur
dy-loh-fu h-saw-ruhss /dA1,1aofe‘so:res/ DiMaggio, Joe American baseball player
dim-aj-i-oh /d1'mad3iau/ dimension measurable extent
dee val-kue-ruh /di: val'ky:re/
dy-men-shuhn ldrirmsnjenf
Sometimes also dee val-kue-ruh; the
Sometimes also dim-en-Shuhn.
English version of the title is The Valkyrie.
Die Welt German newspaper
dee Velt /di: 've1t/
D
dimissory denoting formal permission
from a bishop
dim-iss~uh-rl /'drm1seri/
dimity | Disko dimity cotton fabric dim—it-i /'d1mlti/ dim sum Chinese dish
dim sum /,dm1'snm/ dinar currency unit, Bosnia and Serbia dee-nar /'di:nc1:(r)/ Dinaric Alps mountain range, Balkans
din-arr-ik /d1'nar1k/ dinero money din-air-oh /d1'ns:reo;' Ding an sich ‘thing in itself’ (German) ding an zikh /,dn3 an 'zrba,ru: da ri:'j‘ss/, French [fibara do riIas] embolism Obstruction of an a1'l3e1'Y
em-buh-liz-uhm /'smba11zam/
Elijah Hebrew prophet uh-ly-juh /a'1A1d5@,'
embouchure musical term om-buush-oor /,nmbu'_fua(r)/
Elisha Hebrew prophet
embrasure architectural feature
uh-ly-shuh /a'1A1_fa/
em-bray-zhuhr /em'bre13a(r),'
elision the OII1lSSlOl'l Offl. S0l1l'1Cl when
Speflldflg uh'hzh'uhn I3.159“!
flfllcefl master Qfgeremonies
em-see /sm'si:/ E=mc2 Einstein’s formula
EH5"! City, Russia el‘ee‘5t"h /5'1i?Sl91'
ee eek-wuhlz emm see skwaird /,i: _i:kwalz em ‘si: skws:(r)d/
elixir potion
This formula is ofien pronounced with
el'|k'5eer l5'11ksI9(r)1’
Ellan Vanni!) Manx name for the 1516 of Man e|_yu|,-m Val-Hn /lsljan Ivamnfl E] Nifio climatic phenomenon
el 7'99"“!/Oh /81 'I1i!l"l.l9U/
Ellesmere Island Canada
ell-meet /'elzm1a(r)/ El Pais Spanish newspaper
stress on the m and the squared rather than
the c. However, this stress pattern may suggest, wrongly, that both m and c should be sqtlared, when it is intact only the mdlvldual quantity c Wl1lCl‘l IS squared.
emeritus honorary title
Uh-mel'l'-it-I-!h5$ /8'mEI‘It9$/
emery abrasive em—uh—ri /'smari/
emetic I endocrine emetic causing vomiting
uh-met-ik /a'met1k/
emit: anthropological term ee-mik /'i:mIk/
émigré migrant em-i-gray /'em1greI/ Emi Koussi mountain, Chad ay-mi k00—5i /,e1mi 'ku:si/
Emilia-Romagna region, Italy em-eel-yuh roh-mah-nyuh /e,mi:1ja rao'mo:nja/ Emin, Tracey English artist
em-in /‘emm/ Eminem American singer
em-in-em /,sm1n'sm/ emir Arab title em-eer /e'mIa(r)/ emit-ate lands of an emir em-irr-uht ,f'em1rat/ Emmanuel name given to Christ
uh-man-yoo-uhl /a'manjue1/ Emmental (also Emmenthal) Swiss cheese
em-uhn-tahl /'smantu:l/ Emmerich, Roland German film
director
roh-lant em-uh-rikh /,rao1ant '81Tl3I‘I()/' emo style of rock music
ee-moh /'i:mau/ emolument salary
em-ol-yuum—uhnt /e'mnljomant/ emoticon representation of a facial expression used in electronic communications
uh-moh-tik-on /a'maot1knn/ empanada Spanish savoury pastry turnover
em-puh-nah-duh /,smpa'na:de/ Empedocles Greek philosopher
em-ped—uh-kleez /am'psdakli:z/ emphysema lung disease em—fuh-see-muh /_emfa‘si:me/ empyema collection of pus in a cavity in the body
em-py-ee-muh /_smpA1'i:me/ empyreal relating to heaven
em-py-ree-uhl /,£I1‘lpAI'I‘iI8l/ Less commonly also em-pirr-i-uhl.
en bloc all together on blok /,nn 'b1nk/
118 The word en, here and in other phrases, can
also be pronounced in the French manner, as ah(ng). Encaenia annual celebration at Oxford
University
en-see-ni-uh /an'si:nia/ ellceinte pregnant
on-sant /nn'sant/ Can also be pronounced in the French
manner, as ah(ng)-sa(ng)t.
Enceladus moon of Saturn
en-sel-uh-duhss /an'ssladas/ encephalitis inflammation of the brain
en-kef-uh-ly-tiss /8I‘l‘l{BfB'lAI’EIS/ Th;element -cepliulfican also be
7 777
pronounced sef-uhl, here and in other
words.
enchilada filled tortilla en-chil-ah-duh /,sntj‘1'lu:da/ €11Cl'lil'idi0Il book containing essential
information on a subject en-ky-rid-i-uhn /_enkA1'rIdian/ enclave enclosed territory en-klayv /'enkleIv/ Sometimes orik-layv. dd W
encomium praise en-koh-mi-uhm /sn‘kaomiam/
encompass surround en-kum-puhss /£Il'l{Al'l'lp8S/ en croute in a pastry crust on kroot /,nn 'kru:t/ encyclical papal letter
en—sik-lik—uhl /an‘s1k1ika1/ encyclopedia (also encyclopaedia) book giving information on many subjects
en-sy-kluh-pee-di-uh /sn_sn1kla'pi:die/ endemic regularly found among particular people
en-dem-ik /en'dz-:mIk/ Elldemol Dutch television production company
en—duh-rnol /'endamol/ Enderby Land part of Antarctica
end-uhr-bi /'enda(r)bi/ endive Salad leaves
en—dyv /'8I'1ClAIV/ endocrine relating to hormonal glands
en-duh-kryn /'8I1(l8kI‘AII‘l/
11,9 Sometimes also pronounced en-duh-krin or
en-duh-kreen. endogamy marrying within a
community en-d0g—uh—mi /sn'dngami/ endogenous having an internal cause en-doj-uh-nuhss ,'sn'dnd3anes/ endometriosis gynaecological condition
en-duh-mee-tri-oh-siss /,8nde,mi:tri'aus1s/ endorphin hormone en-dor-fin /sn'do:(r)f1n/ endoscopy internal medical investigation en-dosk-uh-pi /sn'dnskapi/ endow give en-dow /en'dao/ Endymion Greek mythological character
en-dim-i-uhn /en'd1mian/ Eneolithic archaeological period
ee-ni-uh-lith-ik /_i:nie'l19ik/ enfant terrible controversial person
endogamy | entremets Enoch biblical character
ee-nok /‘i:nnk/ enoki Japanese mushroom en-oh-ki /e'naoki/ Enola Gay American plane which dropped the first atomic bomb on
Hiroshima
uh-noh-Iuh gay /aneoie 'ge1/ enosis hypothetical political union of Cyprus and Greece
en—uh-siss /'snasis/ en papillote cooked and served in a paper wrapper
on pap-i-yot /,nn papi'jnt/ Enron American energy company en-ron /'enrnn/ Enschede city, Netherlands enss-khuh-day /'snsxade1f ensemble group of musicians
on-som-buhl /nn'sornbe1/ en suite adjoining a bedroom
on sweet /on 'swi:t/
on-fon terr-ee-bluh /,nnfnn ts'ri:bla/
Entebbe town, Uganda
Enfant can alsojbeipironounced in the French manner1 as ah(ng)-fah(ng).
entelechy realization of potential
enfeoif give property in exchange for service en-feef /en'fi:f/
enfranchise permit to vote en-fran-chyz /sn'frant_|"A1z,/ Engels, Friedrich German philosopher
freed-rikh eng-uhlss /,fri:dr1c '.=:1j|a1s/ Enisey see Yenisei Eniwetok island in the North Pacific
en-i-wee-tok /,sni'wi:tnk/ enjambement (also enjambment) poetic term en-jamb-muhnt /en'd3ambment/ en masse in a group on mass /_on 'mas/
ennead group of nine en-i-ad /'sniad/ Enniskillen town, Northern Ireland
en-isk-il—uhn /_enIs'kIlan/ Ennius, Quintns Roman poet and dramatist kwint-uhss en-i-uhss /_kw1ntas 'enias/ ennui listlessness
on-wee /nn'wi:/ Eno, Brian English musician
ee-noh /'i:nao/
en—teb—i /en'tsbi/ en-tel-uh-ki /an‘telaki/ entente cordiale friendly understanding between states on-tont kor-di-ahl fon'tnnt ko:(r)di‘n:l/ Can also be pronounced in the French
manner, as ah(ng)-tah(ng)1: kord-yal. enteritis inflammation of the intestine en-tuh-ry-tiss /,snta'rA1tIs/ enthalpy thermodynamics term en-thuhl—pi /'an9elpi/ enthral fascinate en-thrawl /sn'9r:>:1/ entomology study of insects en-tuh—mol-uh-ji /,z-:nta'mnlad3i/ entr’acte interval between two acts of a play or opera
on-trakt /nn'trakt/ en travesti cross-dressed on trav-est-ee /,nn trave'sti:/ entrecote boned steak on-tru h-koht /'pntrakaot/
entrée main course on-tray /'nntre1/ entremets light dish served between courses
ont-ruh-may /nntra'me1/
entrepreneur I epoch entrepreneur businessperson
on-truh-pruh-nur /,nntrapra'na:(r)/ entropy thermodynamics term
en-truh-pi /'£ntrapi/ enuresis involuntary urination
en-yoor-ee-siss /,anjoa'ri:sis/ envelope flat paper container with a flap
en-vuh-lohp fanvelaopl Less commonly also on-vuh-lohp. Enver Pasha Turkish political and
military leader
en-vuhr pash-uh /,enva(r) 'pa_[a/ environs surrounds en-vy-ruhnz {sn'vn1ranz/ envoi (also envoy) a short stanza concluding a poem en-voy /'snv0I/ Enya Irish composer en-yuh /'anja/ Enzed New Zealand or a New Zealander
en-zed /sn'zsd/ enzyme biochemical substance en-zym /'snzA1m/ Eocene geological epoch ee—oh-seen /'i:aosi:n/ Eoin Irish boy's name
oh-in /'ao1n/ Eos Greek goddess
ee-oss /'i:ns/ Eowyn character from The Lord qfthe Rings
ay-oh-win /'exaow1n/ eparchy province of the Orthodox Church
ep-a r-ki /'epu:(r)ki/ épater shock conventional people
ep-at—ay ,fepa'teI/ epaulette shoulder piece on clothing
ep-uh-let /epa'lat/ épée fencing sword
en-av /‘spew
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sometimes also ef;ee-muh-iuhl.
Ephesians book of the New Testament
ef-eezh-uhnz /e'fi:3anz/ Ephesus ancient Greek city ef-uh-suhss /'sfasas/ epicene having characteristics of both or neither sex
ep-iss-een /'ep1si:n/ Epictetus Greek philosopher ep-ik-tee-tuhss /_sp1k‘ti:tas/ Epicurlls Greek philosopher
ep-ik-yoor-uhss /,:;p1'kjoaras,l epidemiology study of epidemics
ep-id-ee-mi-ol-uh-ji /,eptdi:mi'nlad3i,I epidural spinal anaesthetic ep—id-yoor-uhl j,cp1'djoaral/ epigeal growing on the ground
ep-ij-ee-uhl /,ep1'd3i:al/ epilepsy neurological disorder ep-il-ep-si /'eprlspsi,l epilogue concluding section
ep~i|-og /‘spring,’ epiphany revelation uh-pif-uh-ni /a'p1fani/ Epirus region, Greece
uh-py-ruhss /'a'pn1raS/ episcopalian of or advocating government of a Church by bishops
ep-isk-uh-pay-Ii-uhn /e,p1ska'pe1lian/ episiotomy obstetric procedure
ep-ee-zi-ot-uh-mi /a_pi:zi'ntami,' epistemology theory of knowledge
ep—ist-im-ol-uh-ji /e,p1st1'mnlad3i/ epistle letter uh-piss-uhl /a'p1sal/ epistolary relating to letters
uh-pist-uh-luh-ri /a'p1sta1ari/ epithalamium song or poem celebrating a marriage
ep-ith-uh-lay-mi-uhm ,',sp16a'1e1miam/
epenthesis pl. epentheses insertion of a sound or an unetymological letter
epithet phrase
ep-en-thuh-siss, pl. ep-en-thuh-seez /epenl-lasts/, pl. /-si:z/ ephedra shrub
epitome perfect example
ef-ed-ruh /s’fsdra,' ephedrine stimulant drug ef-uh-dreen /'efadri:n/ ephemeral transient
ef-em-uh-ruhl /e'fsmaral/
if
ep-ith-et /'api6et;' ep-it-uh-mi /s'p1temi/ e pluribus unum ‘one out of many’ (Latin), the motto of the US
ay ploor-ib-uuss oo-nuum /er ,ploaribos 'u:nomf epoch period of time ee—pok /'i:pnk/
epode I Ekel, Ferenc
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AM is commonly ep-ok.
epode lyric poem
ep-ohd /‘spaod/
eponymous giving their name to something
uh-pon-im-uhss /a'pI)m1‘na$/ EPOS electronic point of sale ee-poss /'i:pns/
epoxy polymer ep-ok-si /e'poksi/ epsilon letter of the Greek alphabet ep-sil-on ;"£ps11on/ Sometimes also ep-sy-Ion.
Epstein, Brian English manager of the Beatles ep—styn /'apst1un/ Epstein, Jacob American-horn sculptor ep-styn /'8pSlIAII'l/
equatorial at or near the equator
ek-wuh-taw-ri-uhl /,ekwa'to:ria1/ equerry royal servant
uh-kwerr-i /o'kwcri/ Sometimes also ek-iviitilli-iri.
equine relating to horses ek-wyn /'El(WAIl'l/ equinox time when day and night are of equal length ek~win»0ks /'ekw1nuks/ The eqm'- element can also be pronounced eek-wi, here and in some other words such
as equilibrium, equilateral, etc.
equitable fair and impartial
ek-wi-tuh-buhl /'ekwrtabal/ equivocate use ambiguous language
uh-kwiv-uh-kayt /a'kw1vake1t/ era period of history
eer-uh /'1ara/ AM is sometimes also err-uh.
Erasmus, Desiderius Dutch humanist and scholar
dess-id-air-i-uuss err-ass-muuss /dss1,de:rios t-:‘rasmos/ A more anglicized pronunciation,
uh-raz-rnuhss, is also sometimes heard. Erato Greek mythological character err-uh-toh /'eratau/ Eratosthenes Greek schoiar and astronomer
err-uh-toss-thuh-neez /,era'tnsBani:z/
Erbil (also Arbil, Irbil) town, Iraq air-heel /e:(r)'bi:1/ erbium chemical element ur-bi-uhm /'a:(r)biam/
Erdofian, Recep Tayyip Turkish prime minister
rej-ep ty-ip air-doh-uhn /,rr-:d3sp ,tAnp 's:(r)daoan/ ere before air /s:(r)/ Erebus Greek god
err-uh-buhss /'arabas/ Erelmt, Saeb Palestinian politician sah—eb err-uh-kaht /,su:ab era'ka:tl eremite Christian recluse err—uh-myt /'aramA1t/ Erevan see Yerevan Erfuri; city, Germany air—foort /'s:(r)foa(r)t/ ergometer apparatus which measures energy expended
ur—g0m-uh-tuhr /a:(r)‘gomata(r)/ ergot cereal disease ur-got /'a:(r)gnt/ erhu (also erh hu) Chinese two-stringed musical instrument ur-khoo /,a:(r)'xu:/
Ericsson Swedish mobile telecommunications company err-ik-suhn /'er1ksan/, ['e:rikson] 0 Established anglicization. Eridanus constellation err-id—uh-nuhss /e'r1denas/ Erie, Lake lake, US—Canada border eer-i /'1ari/
Eriksson, Sven-Goran Swedish football manager
sven yoer-an ay-rik-son /sven ,joe:ran 'e1rIksnn/ Erin literary name for Ireland err-in /'er1n/ Erinyes Greek mythological characters
err-in-i-eez /e'r1nii:z/ Eriskay island, Scotland
err-isk-ay /'errskei/ Erith district of London eer-ith ,"1er16/ Eritrea autonomous state, east Africa
err-it-ray-uh /,z-:r1'tre1a/ Ekel, Ferenc Hungarian composer
ferr-ents air-kel /,fsrsnts ‘exksll
Erlangen l espouse Erlangen town, Germany
air-lang-uhn /‘a:(r)lanan/ ermine stoat ur-min /'a:(r)m1n/ Ernst, Max German artist maks airnst /,maks '.=;:(r)nst,l Eros Greek god
eer-oss /'1arns/ Eroica symphony by Beethoven
err-oh-ik-uh /e'reo1ke,' err be mistaken ur /e:(r)/ errant straying
err-uhnt Parent] ersatz substitute air-zats /e:(r)'zats/ Sometimes also ur-Zats.
Erse Gaelic language urss /e:(r)s/ Erté Russian-born French fashion designer air-tay /e:(r)'te1/ erudite showing great knowledge err-uud-yt /'srod1i1t/ eruv pi. eruvim area. which symbolically extends the private domain of Jewish households err-uuv, pl. err-uuv—im /'srov/, pl /-v1m/ erythema reddening of the skin
err-ith-ee-muh /,er1'6i:ma/ Welsh name for Snowdonia err-urr-i /8'I'Al‘l/ Erzgebirge mountain range, Germany—Czech Republic border
airts-guh-beer-guh /'s:(r)tsge,b1a(r)ga/ Erzurum city, Turkey air-zuu-ruum /'e:(r)zorom/ Esau biblical character
ee-saw /'i:so:/ Esbjerg port, Denmark
ess-byair /'esbjs:(r)/ escalope thin slice of meat esk-al-uhp /e‘ska1ap/ Sometimes also esk-uh-lop.
escargot edible snail esk-ar-goh /s'sku:(r)geo/, French [eskargo]
escarole salad leaf
122
esk-uh-rohl /'sskaraol/
eschatology theological term esk-uh-tol-uh-ji /,8sko'tnlad3i/ Escaut see Scheldt escheat reversion of property on the owner’s death ess-cheet /es'tIi:t,! eschew deliberately avoid ess-choo /es't_1‘u:/
Escofiier, Georges-Auguste French chef
zhorzh oh-guest esk-of-yay /,3o:(r)3 ao,gyst askn'fje1/ escolar large fish e5k—uh—lar /,aska‘1u:(r)/ Escorial monastery and palace in Spain esk-orr-i-al /_ssknri'al/ escritoire small writing desk
esk-ri-twar /_sskri'two:(r)/ escrow US legal term
esk-roh /'eskrao/
escutcheon shield esk-utch-uhn /e'skAtj‘en/ Esfahan (also Isfahan) city, Iran
ess-fuh-hahn /,asfa'hu:n/ Esher town, England
ee-shuhr /'i:j‘a(r)/ Eskisehir city, Turkey
esk-ish-uh-heer ,/ss'k1]‘ah1o(r)/ esoteric likely to be understood by only a small number of people
ee-suh-terr-ik /,i:sa'tar1k,' Sometimes also ess-uh-terr-ik.
espada fish esp-ah-duh /e'spo:da/ espadrille canvas shoe esp-uh-dril fsspedrilj espalier tree trained to grow against a wall e$p—al—yuhr /e'spa1je(r)/ Gornetimes also esp-al—yay.
Esperanto artificial language esp-uh—ran-toh /,sspa'rantau/
Espirito Santo state, Brazil esp—ee—rit—oo san-too /e,spi:r1tu: 'santu:/ esplanade open area
esp-luh-nayd /ssp1e'ne1d/
§er¢¥ies§ sis? ESP-'"“-"W espouse Support a cause
esp-owz /s'spaoz/
espressivo I étoulfée
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espressivo musical term
esp-ress-ee-voh /,espre'si:veo/ espresso coffee esp-ress-oh /s'sprssao/ Sometimes erroneously pronounced
eks-press-oh. esprit de corps mutual loyalty
esp-ree duh kor /e,spri: do 'k:>:(r)/ Esquiline one of the seven hills of Rome esk-wil-yn /‘sskw1l1\m/
Esquipulas town, Guatemala
esk-ee-poo-lass /,eski:'pu:1as/ esquire title appended to a man’s name esk-wy-uhr ls'skwA1a(r)/ Essen city, Germany
ess-uhn /'ssan/ Essequibo river, Guyana ess-uh-kee-boh /,esa‘ki:bau/
Estadio da Luz football stadium, Lisbon
ish-taj-00 duh loosh /1_[,tad3u: do '1u:I/
Estadio Santiago Bernabeu football stadium, Madrid
est—ath-yoh sant-yag-oh bair-nab-ay-oo /estaojau san'tjagau bs:(r)na'be1u:/ estancia cattle ranch
est-anss-i-uh /s'stansia/ Estefan, Gloria Cuban singer glaw-ri-uh est-ef—an /,glo:ria e'stefan/ Estée Lauder American cosmetics company
est-ay law-duhr /,este1 'lo:da(r)/ Esterhaizy, Pal Hungarian composer
pahl est-uhr-hah-zi /,pa:1'asta(r)hu:zi/ Estevez, Emilio American actor
uh-meel-i-oh est-uh-vez /a,mi:1ieu 'estavsz/ Estima potato variety
est-ee-muh /s'sti:ma/ Estonia country
est-Oh-ni-uh /s'staonie/ Eistiablisliedlanglicization. The Estonian name is Eesti, pronounced ay-sti ['e:sti].
Estoril town, Portugal
ish-tuh-reel /1Ita'ri:1/ Sometimes anglicized to est-uh-ril. Estremadura region, Portugal
ish-truh-muh-doo-ruh
/,r_\‘trama'du:ra/ Esztergom town, Hungary
est-uhr-gom /'esta(r)gnm/ ETA Estimated Time ofArrival ee-tee-ay /,i:ti:'e1/ ETA Basque separatist movement et-uh /‘eta,’ eta letter of the Greek alphabet
ee-tuh /'i:ta/ étagere furniture
et-uh-zhair /eta'5e:(r)/ et al. ‘and others’ (Latin)
et al /at ‘all et cebera (also etcetera) ‘and so on’ (Latin)
et-set-uh-ruh /et'setara/ Sometimes erroneously pronounced
ek-set-uh-ruh.
W p__ W
eth (also edh) Old English letter eth /85/
ethane flammable gas
ee-thayn /'i:9e1n/ §ornetimes also eth-ayn.
ethanol ethyl alcohol eth-uh-nol /'e6ann1/ Ethelretl English king
eth-uhl-red /'s6alred/ ether flammable liquid
ee-thu hr /'i:0a(r)/ ethereal unworldly
uh-theer—i-uhl /e'61arial/ Ethiopia country
ee-thi-oh-pi-uh /,i:6i'aopia/ ethology science of animal behaviour ee-thol-uh-ji /i:'0nlad3i/ ethos spirit of a culture, era, or
community ee-t hoss /'i'9ns/ . AM is sometimes also eth~0SS.
ethyl derived from ethane ee-thyl ,"i:B1u1/ Sometimes also eth-il. Etna, Mount volcano, Italy
et-nuh /'stna/ Eton College boys’ public school, England ee-tuhn /'i:tan/ étouffée spicy Cajun stew
ay-too-fay /,e1tu:'fe1/
Etruscan I Ewoia Etruscan relating to an ancient Italian state uh—trusk-uhn /a'trAskanf etude short musical composition ay-tyood /el'tju:d/, French [etyd] etymology study of the origin of words et-im-0|-uh-ji /,sti'mo1ad3i/ Euboea island, Greece
yoo-bee-uh /ju:'bi:e/ Established anglicization. The Greek name is Evvoia, pronounced ev-yuh.
Eucharist Christian sacrament yoo—kuh-rist /‘ju:karist/ euchre card game
yoo-kuhr /'ju:ka(r)/ Euclid Greek mathematician yoo-klid /'ju:k11d/ Euclidean system of geometry
yoo-klid-i-uhn /ju:'k1idian/ Eugene Onegin opera by Tchaikovsky
yoo-jeen on-yay-gin /,ju:d3i:n un'jeigin/ ~ Established anglicization. eugenics selective breeding yoo-jen-iks /ju:'d3en1ks/ Eugenie wife of Napoleon III yoo-zhay-ni /ju:'3emi/, French [o3eni] ~ Established anglicization. Eugenie, Princess member of the UK royal family yoo-zhuh-ni /'ju:3eni/ eukaryote organism
yoo-karr-i-oht /ju:'kariaut/ Euler, Leonhard Swiss mathematician lay-on~hart oy-luhr /,1e1nnhu:(r)t
'o11e(r)/ eulogy praise yoo-luh-ji /'ju:lad3i/ Eumenides Greek mythological characters
yoo-men-id-eez /ju:'men1di;z/ euphonious pleasing to the ear
yoo-foh-ni-uhss /ju:'faunias/ euphorbia plant yoo-for-bi-uh lju:'f0:(r)bie/ Euphrates river, Iraq yoo-fray-teez /ju:'fre1ti:z/ 0 Established anglicization. Eurasia Europe and Asia combined yoor-ay-zhuh /_jua're13a/ Euratom European Atomic Energy
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Community
yoor-at-uhm /joa'ratam/ eureka cry ofjoy your-ee-kuh /joo'ri:ka/ Euridioe opera by Peri
ay-oor-id-ee-chay /eruar1'di:tj‘er/ This Italian pronunciation of Eurydice is
also appropriate for several other operas. Euripides Greek dramatist
yoor-ip-id-eez /,joa'r1p1di:z/ euro currency unit
yoor-oh /'juoroo/ ' Established anglicization.
europium chemical element yoor—0h-pi-uhm /joar'aopiam/ Europoort port, Netherlands yoor-oh-port /'joeraupo:(r)t/, ['o:ro:po:rt] v Established anglicization. Eurydice Greek mythological character
yoor-id-iss-i /joa'r1d1si/ Eurynomc Greek mythological character
yoor-in-uh—mi /jua'r1nemi/ Eusebius Syrian bishop
yoo-see-bi-uhss fju:'si:bias/ Eustachian tube passage leading from the pharynx to the ear yoo-stay-shuhn ,'ju:'ste1Ian/ Euterpe Greek mythological character yoo-tur-pi /ju:'ta:(r)pi/ evanesce pass out of sight
ev-uh-ness /sve'nes/ Sometimes also ee-vuh-ness. Evelyn, John English diarist
eev-Iin /'i:v11n/ The British boy’s or girl’s name Evelyn is variously pronounced eev-lin and ev-uh-lin,
depending on individual preference.
Everest, Mount mountain, Himalayas ev-uh-ruhst /'svarest/ Curiouslyikplorer Sir George Everest (after whom the mountain was named) pronounced his name eev-uh-rest.
Evian trademark mineral water
ev-yah(ng) /'evjo/ evolution biological process ev—uh—lO0—5huhn /,sva'1u:_l'an/ Commonly also ee-vu h-loo-shuhn. Evvoia see Euboea
Ewe I Ezra
125 Ewe west African ethnic group and language
exogamy marrying outside a community
ek-sog-uh-mi /ek'sogomi/
ay-way / 'e1we1/
expatiate speak in detail about
ewe female sheep
ek-spay-shi-ayt /sk‘spe1jie1t/
V00 /1111/ Ewelme town, England yoo-elm /'ju:slm/ ewer jug yoo-uhr /'ju:o(r)/ exalt speak highly of eg-zawlt /sg'zo:lt/ Commonly also eg~zolt. The prefix e.:c- is
variously pronounced eks or egz. Excalibur legendary sword
expiate make reparation for
ek-spi-ayt /'skspie1t/ expletive swear word
eks—plee-tiv /ek'spli:t1v/ AM is eks-pluh-tiv. exposé media revelation ek-spoh-zay /ek'speuze1/ AM is ek-spoh-zay.
expurgate bowdlerize
ek-skal-ib-uh r /eks'kal1be(r)/
ek-spur-gayt /'ekspa:(r)geIt/
ex cathedra with full authority
exquisite beautiful and delicate
eks kuh—thee—druh /,sks ka'Bi:dro/ excelsior hotel name
ek-sel—si—or /ek'se1sio:(r)/ exchequer treasury eks-chek-uhr /aks'tj‘ske(r)/ excoriate scar
ek-skaw-ri-ayt /sk'sko:rie1t/ exeat permission for temporary absence
eks-i-at /'sksiat/’ exegesis , pl. exegeses critical interpretation of a text
ek-sij-ee-siss, pl. ek-sij-ee-seez /,eks1'd3i:s1s/, pl. /-si:z/
exequy funeral rites ek-Suh—kWi /'eksekWi/ Exeter city, England ek-suh-tuhr /'eksota(r)/ exeunt stage direction ek-Si—unt /'8kSlAl’ll,/ ex gratia done as a favour and not under compulsion eks gray-shuh /,eks 'grer_fe/ exigency urgent need ek—sij-uhn-si /‘sksrd3ansi/ Sometimes also ek-sij-uhn-si.
ex libris bookplate inscription
eks leeb-riss /eks '1i:br1s/ ex nihilo out of nothing eks ny-hil-oh /eks 'IlAIl'l1l8U/ Exocet trademark missile ek-suh—set /'sksosat/ exodus mass departure
ek-suh-duhss /'eksedas/
eks-kwiz-it /ek'skw1z1t/‘ Sometimes also eks-kwuh-zit.
extant still in existence
ek-sta nt /ak'stant/ Sometimes also ek-stuhnt.
extol praise ek~stohl /ek'stou1/ extrados architectural term eks-tray-doss /ak'strerdus/ extrasystole arrhythmic heartbeat
eks-truh—sist-uh-Ii /,akstre's1steli/ Extremadura region, Spain
eks-tray-muh-door-uh /,ekstre1mo'doara,' Exuma islands, Bahamas ek—s00—muh /sk'su:ma/ ex-voto offering
eks voh-toh /,eks 'vaoteo/ Exxon Mobil company name ek-son moh-bil /,ekson'meubr1/ eyot island in a river; also called ait ay-uht /'e1at/ eyre medieval court
air /e:(r)/ eyrie eagles nest eer-i /‘tori,’ Sometimes also y-ri or air—i. Ezekiel Hebrew prophet
uh-zee-ki-uhl /e'zi:kia1/ Ezra Hebrew prophet
ez-ruh /'szre/
126
F faba broad bean; also called fava
fah-buh /'fa:ba/ Faber 3: Faber book publishers fay-buhr /,fe1be(r)/ Faber, Johann German composer yoh-han fah-buhr /,jauhan 'fn:ba(r)/ Faberge, Carl Russian goldsmith and jeweller
karl fab-uhr-zhay /_ka:(r)1'faba(r)3e1/ Fabian Society socialist organization fay-bi-uhn /'fe1bian/ Fabius Roman general and statesman
fay-bi-uhss /'fe1bias/ Fabre, Jean Henri French
entomologist
zhah(ng) ah(ng)-ree fab-ruh /36 fi_ri: 'fabra/ Fabricius, David German astronomer
dah-vit fab-reet-si-uuss /,da:v1t fab'ri:tsius/ fabulate relate invented stories fab-yuul-ayt /'fabjuleIt/ facile ignoring the true complexities of an issue fass—y| /'fasA11,I
“SsaF!¥Ié§=-*'facsimile exact copy fak-sim-il-i /fak's1m1ii/' factotum employee who does all kinds ofwork fak-toh~tuhm /fak'teotam/ factual concerned with facts
fak-choo-uhl /'faktj'ual/ The pronunciation fak-tyoo-uhl is less
common now. facula pl. faculae bright region on the
surface of the Sun
fak-yuul-uh, pl. fak-yuul-ee /'fakjula/, pl. /~li:/ fado type of Portuguese music fad-oo /'fadu:/ Faenza town, Italy
fah-ent-suh /t'a:'sntsa/ Faeroe Islands see Faroe Islands
Fahrenheit scale of temperature farr-uhn-hyt ,"faranhA1t/ Less commonly also far-uhn-hyt.
faience glazed ceramic ware fy—0(ng)5S /fA1'i')s/, French [fajc'i:s] faille light-woven fabric
fayl lfeill failte ‘welcome’ (Irish Gaelic) fawi-chuh /‘f:J:1tj'a/ Faisal name of two kings of Iraq fy-suhl j'f1usol/ Faisalabad city, Pakistan
fy—suh-iuh-bad /'fAlS8l8,lJ&d/ fait accompii thing that has already happened fayt uh-kOm-pli /‘felt a'knmp1i/, French /fat ak5pli/ Faimbad city, India fy—zuh—bad ffmzabadl fajitas Mexican dish fuh-hee-tuhz /fa'hi:taz/, Spanish [fa'xitas] fakir (also faquir) Muslim religious ascetic
fay-keer /'feik1a(r)/
9+>mm0"1i#!?é*fl@F5*=é5:si:z/
faucet tap faw-suht /'f0:sat/ faujdar (also faujidar) Indian police oflicer
faw-jid-ar /'fo:d3ido:(r)/ Faulkner, William American novelist
fawk-nuhr /'fo:kna(r)/ Faulks, Sebastian English writer fohks ffaoksf faun Roman god
fawn /fo:n/ fauna pl. faunae animals of a region
faw-nuh, pl. faw-nee /‘fame/, pl. /-ui:/ ~ Standard -s plural is also possible. Fauntleroy excessively well-mannered young boy font-luh-roy /'font1ar:J1,/ Faunus Roman mythological god
faw-nuhss /'fo:nas/ Fauré, Gabriel French composer and organist
gab-ri-el faw-ray /gabri,e1fo:'re1/ Faust German astronomer and necromancer fowst lfaostl Faustus, Dr see Doctor Faustus
129
faute de mieux ‘for want of better’ (French)
foht duh myoe /,faut do 'mj/ Fauve group of painters who favoured fauvism fohv lfaovl fauvism style of painting
foh-viz-uhm /'feovizem/ faux pas embarrassing or tactless act
foh pah /fau 'pu:/ fava broad bean; also called faba fah-vuh /'fo:va/ favela Brazilian shack or shanty town fav-el-uh /fa'vela/ favrile glass coloured iridescent glass
fuh-vreel /fa'vri:1/ Fawcett, Farrah American actress farr—uh faw-suht /fare 'fa:sat/ Fawkes, Guy English conspirator fawks /fo:ks/ Fayed, Emad ‘Dodi’ son of Mohamed Al Fayed
ee-mad doh-di fy-uhd /_i:mad ,deudi 'fAI8(l/ Fayed, Mohamed Al Egyptian chairman of Harrods
muh-ham-uhd uhl fy—uhd /ma,hamad al 'fAI8d/
faute de mieux | Fenian Federer, Roger Swiss tennis player roj-uhr fed-uh-ruhr /,rod5a(r) 'fedara(r)/, German ['fe:do1‘B] This is his own anglicized pronunciation.
Federline, Kevin American dancer fed—uhr-lyn /'fsda(r)lA1n/
fedora felt hat fuh-daw-ruh /fa‘d:):ra/ feijoada Brazilian or Portuguese dish
fay-zhwad-uh /fe1'3wada,' feis pl. feiseanna Irish or Scottish music festival
fesh, pl. fesh-uh-nuh /fsf/, pl. /'f£Iane/ felafel see falafel felid mammal of the cat family
fee-lid /'fi:11d/ felix culpa ‘fortunate fault’ (Latin)
fay-liks kuu|—puh /,feil1ks 'ku1pa/ v See tam: panel. Felixstowe port, England fee—lik-stoh /'fi:11ksteu/ fellah pl. fellahin Egyptian peasant
fel-uh, pl. fel-uh-heen ,"fsla/, pl. /fela'hi:n/ Fellini, Federico Italian film director
fed-uh-ree-koh fel-ee-ni /fade,ri:kao fa'li:ni/
fazenda Portuguese estate or large farm fuh-zen-duh /fa'zsndaf fazendeiro person who owns a fazenda faz-en-day-roo /,fazan'de1ru:/
felo de se suicide fee-loh dee see /,fi;lau di: 'si:/ felucca small boat fel-uk-uh /f8'lAl(8/
Featherstonehaugh British family
femme fatale seductive woman
HHJIIB
fam fuh-tahl /,fam fa'ta:l/
feth-uhr-stuhn-haw, fan-shaw, fest-uhn-haw, fee-suhn-hay,
femur pl. femora bone of the thigh
feebstuhn-haw /'fsoa(r)stanho:/,
pl. /'fsmara/ ~ Standard -s plural is also possible.
/'fan_|‘:>:/, /Tsstenho:/, /'fi:sanhe1/, /'f1a(r)stanh0:,' febrifuge medicine used to reduce fever feb-rif—yo0j /'fsbr1fju:d3/
February month feb-roo-uh-ri /‘februari/ Commonly also feb-yoo-uh-ri, and sometimes also feb-ruu-ri or feb-yuu-ri.
Fechner, Gustav German physicist and psychologist
guust-ahf fekh-nuhr /_gusto:f 'fscna(r)/ fedayeen (also fidayeen) Arab guerrillas
fed-uh-yeen /_f1~:da'ji:n/
fee—muhr, pl. fem-uh-ruh /'fi:me(r)/, fenestella niche in a church
fen-uh-stel-uh /,fene'stsla/ fenestra pl. fenestrae hole or opening
fuh-nest-ruh, pl. fuh-nest-ree /fa'nestra/, pl. /-tri:/ feng sllui Chinese system of laws in relation to the flow of energy
fung shway /,fA13 'jwe1/ A more anglicized pronunciation, feng shwee, is also heard. Fenian member of the Irish Republican
Brotherhood
fee-ni-uhn /'fi:nian/
fennec | fez fennec small fox fen-ek /‘fem-:k,' Fennoscandia land mass in NW Europe
fen-oh~skan-di-uh /_fsnau'skandia/ fenugreek plant fen-yoo-greek ,"fcnju:gri:k/ feral in a wild state
ferr-u hl /'fsral/ fer de lance viper fair duh lahnss /,fs:(r) do 'lu:ns/ feretory shrine containing the relics of a saint
ferr-uh-tuh-ri /'fsratari/ Fergana city, Uzbekistan
fuhr-gah-nuh /fe(r)'gu:na/ This is the Uzbek pronunciation. A Russified pronunciation, fyuhr-guh-nah, is alsoheard.
feria Spanish fair ferr-i-uh /'faria,! ferial denoting an ordinary weekday feer-i-uhl /'f|arial/
Ferlinghetti, Lawrence American poet and publisher fur-ling-get-i /_fe:(r)l1n'gati/ Fermanagh county, Northern Ireland
fuhr-man-uh /fa(r)'mana/ Fermat, Pierre de French mathematician
pyair duh fair-mah /,pja:(r) da fa:(r)'mu:/ fermata musical term fur—mah-tuh /fa:(r)'mu:ta/ Fermi, Enrico Italian-born American atomic physicist en-ree-koh fur-mi /sn,ri:kau ‘fa:(r)mi/ fermi unit of length fur-mi /'fa:(r)mi,l fermium chemical element fur-mi-uhm /'fa:(r)miam/ ferox trout
ferr-oks /'fsrnks/ Ferranti, Sebastian English electrical engineer
fuh-ran-ti /fa'ranti/ Ferrara city and province, Italy ferr-ar-uh /fa‘ro:ra/ Ferrari, Enzo Italian car designer and manufacturer ent-soh ferr-ar-i /,sntsao fe'ru:ri/ The make ofcar is fuh-rar-i.
130
Ferreira, Wayne South African tennis player fuh-rair-uh /fa'ra:ra/ Ferrel‘, Ibrahim Cuban singer
eeb-rah-eem ferr—air /i:bru:,i:m f1-:'re:(r)/ Ferrero, Juan Carlos Spanish tennis player
khwan kar-loss ferr-air-oh /xwan _ko:(r)lns fe'rs:ran/ Ferrier, Kathleen English contralto ferr-i-uhr /'f£ria(r)/ ferrous containing iron
ferr-uhss /'fsras/ ferruginous containing rust ferr-00-jin~uhss /fe'ru:d3Inas/ Fes see Fez
Fessenden, Reginald Aubrey Canadian—born American pioneer of
radio-telephony
fess-uhn-duhn /'fssandan/ festoon garland of flowers
fest-oon /fa'stu:n/ feta (also fetta) Greek cheese
fet-uh /‘fat:-M fete public function fayt /fe1t/ fetid (also foetid) smelling extremely unpleasant fet-id /'fEtId/
Commonly also fee-tid.
fetor a strong, foul smell
fee-tuhr /'fi:te(r)/ fettuccine (also fettucini) type of pasta
fet-uu-chee-ni /,fz-:tu'tIi:ni/ Feuerbach, Ludwig German philosopher
loot-vikh foy—uhr-bakh /_lu:tv1c 'fa|a(r)bax/ Feydeau, Georges French dramatist
zhorzh fay-doh /_z:>:(r)3 ferdaul Feyenoord Dutch football team and
suburb of Rotterdam
fy-uhn-ort /'fAI6I‘l0I(l‘)t]' 0 See ourcn panel. Feynman, Richard Phillips American physicist
fyn-muhn /'fA1nman,' Fez (also Fes) city, Morocco fez [fez] fez Turkish hat
fez /fsz/
fiancé
131
fiance (also fiancée) person to whom one is engaged to be married
fi-on-say /fi'nnse1/
Finucane, Patrick
filariasis tropical disease fil-uh-ry~uh—siss /,f1la‘rA1as1s/ filet nlignon tender piece of beef
Commonly also fl-ahn-say, and in AM also
fil-ay meen-yo(ng) /,f11e1 'rni:njfi/ W
fee-ahn-say.
AM is fil-ay min-yawn.
7
___
fianchetto chess move
fyan-ket-oh /fjan‘kstau/ Fianna Fail Irish political party fee-uh-nuh foyl /,fi:ana ‘foil/, Irish Gaelic [fliana 'fa:1*] v Established anglicization.
Fibonacci, Leonardo Italian mathematician
lay-oh-nar~doh fee-boh-nah-chi /1eiao,nu:(r)dao ,fi:bau'nn:tIi/ fibroma pl. fibromata benign fibrous
tumour
fy-broh-muh, fy-broh-muh-tuh /f.u'braoma/, pl. /-matey’ v Standard -s plural is also possible. fibromyalgia rheumatic condition
fy-broh-my-al-ji-uh /,fA1braumAI'a1d3ia/ fibula pl. fibulae leg bone fib-yuul-uh, pl. fib~yuul-ee /'frbjola/, pl. /-1i:/ I Standard -s plural is also possible.
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb German philosopher
yoh-han got-leep fikh-tuh /jaohan ,gntli:p ‘frets! ficus plant
fy-kuhss /'f1nkas/ Commonly also fee-kuhss; see LATIN panel.
fidayeen see fedayeen FIDE world chess federation
fee-day /'fi:der/ Fiennes, Ralph English actor
rayf fynz /,re1f 'fA1nz/ Fiennes, Ranulph English explorer ran-uhlf fynz /,ranelf'fA1nz,' FIFA Fédération Internationale de Football Association fee-fuh /'fi:fa/ Figaro character in Mozart's opera The Marriage ofFigaro
fee-guh-roh /'fi:garao/ Fiji country
fee-jee /'fi:d3i:/ Fijian relating to Fiji fee-jee-uhn /fi:'d3i:en/
Filipino relating to the Philippines
fil-ip-ee»noh /_f111'pi:nan/ film noir film genre film nwar /film 'nwc1:(r)/ filo (also phyllo) pastry fee-loh /'fi:1oo/ filovirus virus
fee-loh-vy-ruhss /'fi:lao,v1nras/ filS used to distinguish a son from a father of the same name
feess /fi:s/ finale last part of an event fin-ah—|i /f1'nt1:li/ finance management of money fy-nanss /'fA1nans/ Less commonly also fy-nanss and fin-anss. financial relating to finance
fy-nan-shuhl /fA1'nanj'al/ Less commonly also fin-an-shuhl.
fin de siecle relating to the end of a century
fa(ng) duh syek-luh /1?: do 'sjakla/ fine French brandy feen /fi:n/ fine musical term
fee-nay /'fl.II]8I}' Fine Gael Irish political party
fin—uh gayl /_fma ‘gen/, Irish Gaelic [,f1in1e 'ge:1] Finisterre, Cape promontory, Spain fin—ist—air /_fm1‘ste:(r)/ Finland country fin-luhnd /'f1nland/ Established anglicization. The Finnish name is Suomi, pronounced 500-om-i.
Finn MacCool (also Finn Mac Cumhaill) Irish mythological character
fin muh-kool /,f1n ma'ku:l/ Finno-Ugrle group of languages
fin-oh-yoo-grik /,fmao'ju:gr1k/ fino sherry
fee-noh /'fi:neo/
Finucane, Patrick Northern Irish lawyer
fin-oo-kuhn /f1'nu:kan/
Fiorentina | Florence
132
Flamsteed, John English astronomer
Fiorentina Italian football club
flam-steed /'flamsti:d/
fyorr-en-tee-nuh /ijnren'ti:no/ fioritura pl_ fioriture musical term
fi-aw-ri-toor-uh, pl. fi-aw-ri-toor-ay /fi_0:ri'tuara/, pl. /-reI/ fiqh philosophy of Islamic law
feek /fi:k,I Firenze see Florence
Flanagan, Fionmlla Irish actress fin-00-lu h ffrnuzlel Flanders region, divided between Belgium, France, and the Netherlands flahrl-duhrz /'flo:nda(r)z,I Established anglicization. The Flemish
name is Vlaanderen, pronounced
firn crystalline or granular snow
vlahn-duh-ruh(n), and the French name is
feern /‘flan,’
Flandre (or Flandres), both pronounced
fifni Indian dish
flah(ng)-druh.
feer-ni /'f1e(r)ni/
Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich German
Flandrian geological stage
flahn-dri-uhn Fflozndrianl
baritone
deet-rikh fish-uhr dee-skow /_di:tr1c ,frj‘a(r) 'di:skao/ Fischer, Joschka German politician yosh-kuh fish-uhr /jnfka 'frj‘a(r)/ Fish I-Ioek suburb of Cape Town fish huuk /'f1j' hok/ fistula pl. fistulae abnormal or surgically made passage
fist-yuul-uh, pl. fist-yuul-ee /'f1stju1e/,
pl. /-1i:/
~ Standard -s plural is also possible. FISU International University Sports Federation
fee-zoo /'fi:zu:/
Flaubert, Gustave French novelist gue-stahv floh-bair /gy,stu:v flaU'be:(r)/ Flavian dynasty of Roman emperors flay-vi-uhn /'fle1vian/ flavin pigment flay—vin /'i1e1v1n/ fleadh Irish music festival flab /flu:/ Fleming native of Flanders
flem-ing /'flemm/ Flemish relating to Flanders
flem-ish /'flsm1j‘/
fitché heraldic term fitch-ay /'f1tj'e1/
Flensburg city, Germany
Fiume see Rijeka
fleur-dc-lis lily flur—duh-lee /,f1a:(r)da'1i:/ fleury decorated with fleurs-de-lis; also flory
flenss~boork /'flensbua(r)k/
ljord deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs fyord /fj:J2(r)d/, Norwegian [fjuzr] flageolet French kidney bean
flaj-uh-let /flad3a'let/, [t1a3o1r-:1
Flevoland province, Netherlands
Commonly also flaj-u h-lay. The same pronunciations are used for the musical
instrument.
flag-uhn /'flagan/ _
flen /flen/ flambé covered with spirits and set alight briefly
flom-bay /‘flnmbei/, French [flfibe] Flamborough Head promontory, England
flam-buh-ruh /'flambara/ Flamengo Brazilian football club
fluh-meng-goo /f1a'mangu:/
flay-voh-lunt /'fle1vao1Ant,/
floccinaucinihilipilification action of estimating something as worthless
flagon container in which drink is served Flaine resort, France
floor-i /'flueri/
flok-sin-aw-si-ni-hil-ip-il-if-ik-ayshuhn /,fl'oks1,no:si,nihrli,p1l1f1'kerIen/ floccus pl. flocci tuft of wool flok-uhss, pl. flok-y /'flokas/, pl. /-kA1/ Plural is sometimes also flok-sy.m7W7i I I
flokati Greek rug
flok-ah-ti /fln'ka:ti,' Florence city, Italy
florr-uhnss /'flnrens,' Established anglicization. The Italian name
is Firenze, pronounced firr-ent-say.
Florentine | Folsom
133
Established anglicization. The Dutch name
Florentine relating to Florence
is Vlissingen, pronounced vliss-ing-uh(n).
florr-uhn-tyn fflorantarnj Flores island, Indonesia flaw-ress /'fl0ZI'£S/ Flores island, the Azores
florr-uhsh /‘floral! Floriano city, Brazil florr-i-an~o0 /flnri'anu:/ Florianopolis city, Brazil florr-i-uh-nop-uul-iss /,flo:ria‘nnpolis/ floriferous producing many flowers
florr-if-uh-ruhss /flp‘rIfaras/ florilegium pl. florilegia collection of literary extracts
florr-il-ee-ji-uhm, pl. florr-il-ee-ji-uh /,flnrI'1i:d5iam/, pl. /-d3ia/ O Standard -s plural is also possible. florin former British coin florr-in /'flnrm,I Florio, John English lexicographer flaw-ri-oh /'fl:>:riaul flory decorated with fleurs-de—lis; also fleury flaw-ri /'fl:):ri[ flotilla small fleet of ships fluh-til-uh /fla't1la/ Flotow, Friedrich German composer freed-rikh fl0h~toh /,fri:dric ‘flautaul flotsam wreckage of a ship flot-suhm /'flntsam/
fluvial relating to rivers floo-vi-uhl /'flu:vial/ fluvoxamine antidepressant drug
floo-voks-uh-meen /flu:'vnksemi:n/ F0, Dario Italian writer dar-i-oh foh /,du:riau ‘foul
Foca city, Turkey fotch-uh ,f'fntj'a/ focaccia Italian bread fuh-katch-uh /fa'kat_‘|‘a/ Foch, Ferdinand French general
fair-dee-nahlng) fosh /fe:(r)di:_nfi
‘fall foetid see fetid Foggia town, Italy foj-uh /'fod3a/
Fogh Rasmussen, Anders see Rasmussen, Anders Fogh fogou Cornish earth-house
foh-goo /'faogu:/ fiihn (also foehn) hot wind foen /fe:n/ foie gras short for paté de foie gras fwah grah /_fwo: ‘grozj Fokine, Michel Russian-born American dancer mee—shel fuh-keen /mi:,_l‘sl fa'ki:n/
Fokker, Anthony Dutch-born
floweret floret flow-uh-ruht /'flaoerat/
American aircrafi designer
flugelhorn musical instrument
Thelsame pronunciation make of aircraft.
fol:-uhr /'fnka(r)/
floo-guhl-horn /‘flu:galha:(r)n/ Fluminense Brazilian football club floo-min-e(ng)-si /flu:m1'nési/
fluoresce shine or glow brightly flaw-ress /fl:i:'res/ Sometimes also floo-uh-ress.
fluoride chemical compound floor-yd /'fluerA1d/
Cornmoiily alsoilaw-ryd.i
WI
fluorine chemical element floor-een /'fluari:n/
cSmmon1{=§1§o fiiw-rééinf
BI
used for the
folacin another term for folic acid fohl-uh-sin /'faules1n/ folic acid vitamin of the B complex foh-lik /'feol1k/ Sometimes also fol-ik. folio individual leaf of paper or parchment
foh-Ii-oh /'fauliao/ Folketing Danish parliament fol-kuh—ting /'fn1katn]/ Folkestone port, England
fohk-stuhn /'faukstan/
Fluoxetine trademark antidepressant drug follis Roman coin floo-olr-suh-teen /flu:'nksati:n/ fol-iss /'fo1rs/ Flushing port, Netherlands
flush-ing /'flA_[I1J/
Folsom Palaeo-Indian culture
fohl-suhm /'faolsam/
Fomalhaut I fortis
134-
Fomalhaut star foh-muhI—hawt /'feoma1_ho:t/
mee-losh for-muhn /,mi:1nI ‘fo:(r)men/
foment instigate or stir up foh-ment /feo'mant/ fomites objects or materials which are likely to carry infection fOh—mit—eeZ /‘faum1ti:z,' fondant thick paste made of sugar and water
Formentera island, Mediterranean
for-men-tair-uh /,f:J:(r)men'ts:re/ Formica trademark plastic laminate for-my-kuh /f3Z(I')'Il'lAIkB/
formicarium ant’s nest for-mik-air-i-uhm /,f:):(r)mI'ka:riam/ formidable inspiring fear or respect
fon-duhnt /'fnndant/
f0r—mid-uh—buhl /'fo:(r)m1dabal/
fondue French dish
comaszigias tor-mid-uh-buhl.
fon-doo /'fnndu:/, [fiidy] fontanelle space between the bones of
Formosa former name for Taiwan for-moh-suh /fo:(r)'maosa/ formula pl. formulae mathematical rule
the skull in an infant
fon-tuh-nel /_fonta'ns1,' Fonteyn, Margot English ballet dancer
for-myuul-uh, pl. for-myuul-ee
mar-goh fon-tayn /,mc1:(r)gau
/'fo:(r)mjule/, pl. /-1i:/ I Standard -s plural is also possible. formulary collection of set forms
fon‘tem/ fontina Italian cheese fon-tee-nuh /fnn'ti:na/ foo yong Chinese dish
for-myuul-uh-ri /'f0:mjoleri/ Fornax constellation
foo yong /_fu: 'jm]/
for-n a ks /'f01(I‘)I18kS/
foramen pi. foramina opening or passage
Fornells resort, Menorca
for-nelss /fo:(r)'nals/
fuh-ray-men, pl. fuh—ram-in-uh /fa're1man/, pl. /-'ram1na/ forastero cacao tree forr-uh-stair-oh /,fnra'sts:rau/
Forster, E. M. English novelist
for-stuhr /'fo:(r)sta(r),' Forsyth, Frederick English novelist for-syth ]fo:(r)'szu6/ Forsyth, Bruce English entertainer
foray sudden attack
forr-ay /'fnre1/ Forbes American magazine f°TbZ /f91(1")bZ/ The British surname is variously
pronounced for-buhss and forbz, depending on individual preference.
for-syth /'fo:(r)sA1H/ _ forsythia shrub for-sy-thi-uh /fo:(r)'sA18ie/ Fortaleza port, Brazil
fordo (also foredo) kill
for-doo /fo:(r)'du:/ forehead part of the face
fawr-hed /'fo:(r)hed/ Less commonly also forr-id.
Forfar town, Scotland for—fuhr /'fo:(r)fa(r)/ forfeit lose or be deprived for-fit I'f:1:(r)fIt,l forint currency unit, Hungary
forr-int /'formt/ formaldehyde gas, used in solution as a preservative
for-mal-duh-hyd /fo:(r)'maldahmd/ Forman, Milos Czech-born American film director
for-tuh-lay-zuh /,fa:(r)ta'1e1ze/ Fort-de-France capital of Martinique
for-duh-frah(ng)ss /_fo:(r)de'fr&s/ forte thing at which someone excels for-tay /"fo:(r)te1/ Sometimes also fort-i, but fort is less
common now. forte musical term for-tay /'fo:(r)te1/ fortepiano type of piano for-tay-pyan-oh /_fo:(r)teI'pjanau/ forthwith immediately forth-with /fo:0'w16/ Sometimes also forth-with. fortis strongly articulated for-tiss /'f:>:(r)trs/
fortissimo | Frau
135
fortissimo pl. fortissimi musical term
for-tiss—i-moh, pl. for-tiss-im-i /fo:(r)'tis1mao/, pl. /-mi/ ' Standard -s plural is also possible. Fort Knox military reservation, US
noks lnoksl Fort Lamy former name for N’Djamena
for lam—ee /,f:>:(r) 'lami:/ Fortuyn, Pim Dutch politician pim for-toeyn ],pIm fClZ(I‘)'lZiBlI1/ Fona Italia Italian political party fort-suh ee-tahl-yuh /,f:1:(r)tsa i:'to:lja/ Fosbury, Richard American high-jumper foz-buh-ri /'fozbari/ fossa pi. fossae hollow
foss-uh, pl. foss-ee /'fosa/, pl. /-si:/ Fosse, Bob American theatre and film
foy-ay /'fo1e1,l Fra title given to an Italian monk or friar frah /fro:/ fracas disturbance or quarrel
frak-ah /'fraku:/ Fragonard, Jean-Honoré French painter
zhah(ng) on-orr-ay frag-on-ar /36 nnn,re| frago'nu:(r)/ franc former currency unit, France
frank /frank/, [fro] France country
frahnss /fruznsl, [frfis] ' Established anglicization. Franche-Comté region, France
frah(ng)sh ko(ng)-tay /,frfiJ‘ k5'te1/ fiancium chemical element
fran-si-uhm /'fransiam/ Franck, César Belgian—born French
director
foss-i /'fosi/
composer
fosse narrow trench or excavation
‘Foss /fos/ fossiliferous containing fossils
foss-il-if-uh-ruhss /,fosi'11faras/ Foucault, Michel French philosopher
mee-shel foo-koh /mi:,Jel fu:'keu/
say-zar frah(ng)k /se1,zu:(r) 'frfik/ Franconia medieval duchy, Germany
frank~oh-ni-uh /fran'kaonie/ francophone French-speaking frank-oh-fohn /'fral]keofaun/ Frankenstein novel by Mary Shelley
frank-uhn-styn /'frankanstA1n/
Foulah see Fula
folllard material of silk or silk and cotton foo-lard /‘fu:lu:(r)d/
Foulkes, Imogen BBC journalist fohks ffaoksf This British surname is variously
pronounced fohks and fowks, depending on individufd preference.
Frankfort city, US frank-fuhrt /'fra13kfa(r)t/' Frankfurt city, Germany frank-furt /'fra13kfa:(r)t/, German /'frar]kfort/ Q Established anglicization. Franklin, Aretha American singer
Fourier, Joseph French mathematician zhoh-zef foor-i-ay /3ao_z£f foari'e1/
uh-ree-thuh frank-Iin /a_ri:(-la Tranklml
The same pronunciation is used for Fourier
Franz Josef emperor of Austria frants yoh-Zef /_frants 'jaozsf/
analysis.
Wy
y
7
fovea pl. foveae depression in the retina
foh-vi-uh, pl. foh-vi-ee /'fauvia/, pl. /-vii:/ Fowles, John English novelist fowlz ifaolzl Fox, Vivica American actress viv-ik-uh /'v1v1ka/
Fox Quesada, Vicente Mexican president
vee-sen-tay foks kay-sah-thuh /Vl1|SEI'ltE1 lfoks ke1'sr1:oa/
foyer entrance hall
frappé iced drink frap-ay /fra'pel/ Frascati region, Italy; also white wine made there frask-ah-ti /fra'sku:ti/ frater refectory of a monastery
fray-tuhr /'fre1ta(r)/ Frattini, Franco Italian politician frank-oh frat-ee-ni /,fra|]kao fra'ti:ni/ Frau pl. Frauen German title for a woman frow, pl. frow-uhn /frao/, pl. /'fraoan/
Fraulein | Frostrup, Mariella
136
Friedrich, Caspar David German
Friiulein German title for a. young woman froy-lyn /'fI‘0llAII1/ Fray Bentos port, Uruguay
painter
kasp-ar dah-vit freed-rikh /,kasp(1:(r) ,do:v1t 'fri:dr1c/
fray bent-oss /,fre1'bsntos/
Friel, Anna English actress
freel /fri:l/
Frazier, Joe American boxer
fray-zi-uhr /'fre1zia(r)/
Friesian breed of cow free-Zhuhrl /‘fri:3an/ Friesland province, Netherlands
This sumame can also be pronounced
fray-zhuhr in AM.
W
freez-luhnd /'fri:zl:-md/, ['fri:slunt] ~ Established anglicization.
Fredericton city, Canada
fred~rik-tuhn /'fradr1ktan/
freesia plant flee-zhuh /'fri:3a/ Commonly also free~zi-uh.
I
Frege, Gottlob German philosopher
got-lohp fray-guh /,gotlaop 'fre1ga/ Freiburg city, Germany
fry-boork /'frA1boa(r)k,' Frelimo Mozambican political party frel-ee-moh /frs'li:mau/
Fremantle port, Australia free-mant-uhl /'fri:mantal/ I-Yémont, John Charles American explorer
free-mont /'fri:mont/ freon trademark aerosol propellant free-on /'fri:nn/
Frigga Norse mythological character frig-uh /'fr1ga/ frijoles beans
fri-hoh-less /fri'haulss/ Frisia ancient region, Europe free-zhuh /'fri:3a/ Commonly also friz-i-uh.
frittata Italian dish frit-ah-tuh /fr1'to:ta/ fritto misto Italian mixed dish
free-toh mist-oh /,fri:tao 'm1stao/ Friuli historic region, Europe fri-00-Ii /fri'u:1i/ Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, Italy
fri-oo-li ven-ets-i-uh joo-Ii-uh /fri,u:1i
vanetsia 'd3u:1ie/
Frescobaldi, Girolamo Italian
frizzante semi-sparkling
composer jirr-ol-uh-moh fresk-oh-bal-di /d31,rnlamau fI'8Sk8U'baldi/
frit-san-tay /fr1t'sante1/
Fresno city, US frez»noh /'freznao/ Freud, Lucian German-born British painter
loo-si-uhn froyd /_lu:sian ‘frolcll Freud, Sigmund Austrian psychotherapist
zeek-muunt froyd /_zi:kmunt 'fr:nd,' Frey Norse god
fray lfrell Freya Norse goddess fray-uh /'fre1a/ fricative type of speech sound frik-uh-tiv /'fr1kat1v/ Friedan, Betty American feminist and writer free-duhn /'fri:den/ Friedman, Milton American economist
freed-muhn /'fri:dman/
_
Fl'0biSl'l8l', Martin English explorer
froh-bish-uhr /'freub1]'a(r)/ Frodo character from The Lord ofthe Rings froh-doh /'fraudeo/
Friihliche Weihnachten ‘Happy Christmas’ (German) froe-likh-uh vy-nakh-tuhn /_fro:lico 'w\maxtan/' fromage frais soft cheese from-ahzh fray /frn,mo:3 'fre1/ Fronde series of civil wars, France
fro(ng)d /fr5d/ frontier border separating two countries
gfirun-teer /'fmnt1a(r)/
c¢;;1mo;.i;;1so frun-tear. I
if
I II
Frostrup, Mariella Norwegian-born English television presenter marr-i-el-uh fI’O5t—rUup /mari_zla Trnstrupl
137
French
French French is a Romance language, spoken by over 100 million people as their mother tongue. It is an oflicial language in many countries, such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, and numerous African countries. French pronunciation is diflicult because it is unpredictable. Like English—although less so——the pronunciation does not always reflect ~ the spelling. You may get different sounds represented by the same let-
ter, and there are letters which are sometimes pronounced and sometimes silent. For example, should the S in the family name Ramus be pronounced? As it happens, both forms are used and not even a native French speaker could be sure without checking with the owner of the ‘ name first! Having said that, here are some general pronunciation tips. ‘
Stress French does not have stressed syllables in the same way as English. In a French word all syllables are given more or less equal weight, while the
1 last syllable in a sentence is pronounced with a little more force. This sentence-level tonal pattern is sometimes mistaken for word-final stress. Despite this, when giving advice on how to pronounce French names in an English context it becomes necessary to use stress. Traditionally, English speakers like to stress the first syllable of French words, and will say kal-ay and shat-oh for Calais and chdteau. The BBC sometimes gets complaints about this, as it is perceived as less ‘French’. These days, when we research French names for our broadcasters we often give last—syllable stress, as you will see in the many French entries in this dictionary.
Accents Accents in French therefore do not indicate stress, but vowel quality. An acute accent over E makes a sound close to ay (although not diphthongal in French). André, for example, is pronounced ah(ng)-dray. A grave accent over E is pronounced as in English bed. Iréne is ee-ren.
Nasalized vowels Vowels are nasalized before N or M at the end of a word or when N or
1
M is followed by another consonant. Otherwise, the vowel is not nasalized and the N or M is pronounced. So bon is pronounced bo(ng), and bonne is bon. The letter E can be pronounced either ah(ng) or a(ng) when nasalized. Contrary to popular belief, the composer Poulenc is in fact pronounced poo-|a(ng)k, not poo-|ah(ng)k.
I
Frottola I fiigu
138
Liaison The letters S, Z, X, T, D, N, M, R, P, and G are usually silent at the end of a word, but if the next word begins with a vowel sound they are generally pronounced. Petit is puh~tee, but petit enfant is puh-teet ah(ng)-fah(ng). This phenomenon is known as liaison. There are many
rules governing the occurrence of liaison in French. For example, it is more common in formal language than in an informal, colloquial context.
Some other letters C is pronounced s before the letters I, E, and Y. It is pronounced k before A, U, O, and all consonants. Q is always pronounced s. CH is
H ”
always sh.
l
G is pronounced zh before I, E, and Y. It is pronounced g before A, O, U, and all consonants. p H in word—initial position is always silent, although there are two kinds
l p l
p
p
of silent H. One kind, known in French as H aspiré, prevents liaison taking place. Loanwords from other languages (hi-fi, hot-dog) are likely to be H aspire. J is always pronounced zh. O can be either oh or 0. (3 is always oh. Q is always k. S is usually s. Between vowels and in a liaison it is voiced 2. U is always ue, the close, rounded vowel you find in French vu. W can be either v or w, more usually v. X can be pronounced in different ways, usually ks, but gz between vowels. In some cases it is also pronounced s, as in the place name Aumerre. Y is ee as a vowel, and y as a consonant.
Frottola Italian madrigal fT°t'°h'll-lh /'f1‘T1'I9U19/
fructose sugar f""k‘t°hZ / 'f1"1\k’£9UZ/ FTSE London stock exchange index
ful-It-si /'futsi/ Fuad name of two kings of Egypt
f°°-ad /'fu1a=(r)dB(r)/ gaberdine worsted or cotton cloth
gab-uhr-deen /,gaba(r)'cli:n/ Gabes (also Qahis) port, Tunisia gah—biss /'gu:brs/ Gabo, Naum Russian-born American sculptor
rlawm gab-oh /,no:m 'gabeo/ Gabon country
guh-bon /ge'bnn/, French [gabfi] Established anglicization; sometimes also gab-on. Gflbonese relating to Gabon
gab-uh-neez /gaba'ni:z/ Gaboon viper snake
guh-boon /ga'bu:n/ Gabor, Zsa Zsa Hungarian—born American actress
zhah zhah gab-or /,3u: 30: ga'bo:(r)/
~ Established anglicization; see ARABIC panel. Gade, Niels Danish composer
neelss gay-thuh /,ni:1s'ge1oa/, ['gs:oa] gadolinium chemical element
gad-uh-lin-i-uhm /_gada'11niam/ Gaea Greek mythological character; also called Gaia jee-uh /'d3i:a/ Gael Gaelic—speaking person
983/| /9911! Gaelic relating to the Gaels or their language gay-lik, gal-ik /'ge111k/, /‘gal1k/ Irish Gaelic is usually pronounced gay-lik,
while Scottish Gaelic is more commonly
gal-ik. Gaeltacht region, Ireland
gayl-tuhkht /'geiltoxt,' Gagarin, Yuri Russian cosmonaut
yoor-i guh-gar-in /,joariga'g(1:rIn/ Gagauz Moldovan ethnic group
gag-uh-ooz /gaga'u:z/
pronunciation, khab-uu-roo-ni, is also
Gain. Greek mythological character; also called Gaea gy-uh /'gAI8/ gaijin Japanese word for a foreigner gy-jin /gn1'd31n/ gaillardia plant of the daisy family gay-lar-di-uh lge1'1u:(r)die/
heard.
Gainsborough, Thomas English
The pronunciation of the Hungarian
surname Gébor is gah-bor. Gaborone capital of Botswana
gab—uh-roh-ni /_gaba'raoni/ Established anglicization. A more native
Gabriel biblical name
gay-bri-uhl /'geibrial/ Gabrieli, Giovanni Italian Composer and organist
juh-vah-ni gab-ri-ay~li /d3a,vo:ni gabri'elli/ Gad biblical name gad [gad]
Gaddafi, Mu’ammer (also Qaddafi) Libyan head of state
muu—um-uhr guh—dah-fi /mo,Ama(r)
painter
gaynz-buh-ruh /'ge1nzbara/ Gainsbourg, Serge French singer
sairzh ga(ng)z-boor /,se:(r)3 'gezboa(r)/ gaita bagpipe
gy-tuh /'gA1t-3/ Gaitskell, Hugh English statesman gayt-skuhl /'geitskal/ gala social occasion
/Ieguiia,/,—~ ~~—
_
gaiduzfi1;, Arabic [mu-Ammau.)
Sometimes also, and commonly in AM,
qa0'Oa:fi]
9§lL'l“h'
,
14-1
Gaelic
Gaelic Irish Gaelic (usually pronounced gay-lik, and sometimes just called Irish) and Scottish Gaelic (usually pronounced gal—ik) are two distinct languages. However, they are closely related to one another, and it is possible to generalize about the pronunciation that should be used when words or names from either langu age are be'mg spoken in ' an English-language context. The BBC broadcasts in both Scottish Gaelic (see htt : www.bbc.co.uk scotla.nd alba) and Irish (see httpzfl www. c.co.u nort ermre an ms , and we usually consu t native speakers wor ng within the to verify our recommendations. As always, these are anglicized in line with our policy and the constraints of the respelling. There can be a considerable level of anglicization of Gaelic place names, since English is usually also spoken. There is also some regional variation between speakers of Gaelic. Our consultation with native speakers allows us to gauge the appropriate level of anglicization, as well as giving us guidance with the more complex areas of Gaelic pronunciation. A few broad guidelines are listed below. Stress in Gaelic generally falls on the first syllable, with a few specific exceptions.
Vowels An acute accent (called afada in Irish Gaelic) indicates that a vowel is lpng. In our recommendations we advise that A is pronounced uh and A is aw; E is pronounced e and E is ay; I is pronounced i and I is ee; O is pronounced o and O is oh; and U is pronounced u and U is 00. Other
vowel pronunciations such as diphthongs are more complex, and we consult native speakers for guidance.
Consonants B, C, F, L, M, and R are pronounced approximately as in English. D, G, L, N, S, and T are as in English before A, O, or U, but they change before E or I; D becomes j, G is gy, L is ly, N is ny, S is sh, and T is ch. For example, the Gaelic toast Sléinte can be pronounced slahn-chuh. H at the beginning of a word is pronounced h, but H afier a consonant indicates a pronunciation change. BH and MH are usually both
pronounced v. For example, the Scottish name Mimiri can be pronounced vah-ri (although mar-i is also used), and the Irish name Siobluin is shiv-awn. DH and GH are both pronounced similarly to kh (as in loch) before A, O, or U, and y before E or I or in the middle of a word. PH is pronounced f, CH is pronounced kh (as in loch), and SH
and TH are both pronounced h. Sequences of consonants with H can also become completely silent; we consult dictionaries and native speakers for further guidance.
I
galactagogue | galliot galactagogue food or drug promoting flow of a mother’s milk guh-lakt-uh-gog /ga‘laktagng/ Galadriel character from The Lord of
the Rings gal-ad-ri-el /ga'1adris1/ galago bushbaby guh-lay-goh /ga‘lelgao/ Galahad knight gal-uh-had /'ga1ahad/ galangal herb gal-uhng-gal /'gala1]gal/ galant musical term
gal-ant /ga'1ant/ galantine dish of white meat or fish
gal-uhn-teen /'galenti:n/ Galapagos Islands islands, Pacific Ocean
guh-lap-uh-goss /ga'1apagos/ Galatas resort, Crete
gal-at-ass /gala'tas/ Galatea Greek mythological character gal-uh-tee-uh /_gale'ti:o/
Galatasaray Turkish football club guh-lat-uh-suh-ry /ga,latasa'r.u/ Galati city, Romania gal-ats /ga'lats/ Galatia ancient region, Asia Minor guh-lay-shuh /ga'le1_l'a/ Galatians book of the New Testament
guh-lay-shuhnz /ga'le1_fanz/ Galba Roman emperor gal-buh /'ga1ba/
Galbraith, John Kenneth Can-adian—born American economist
gal-brayth /'galbre19/ The BR pronunciation of this surname is
gal-brayth. Galeio airport, Rio de Janeiro
gal-i~ow(ng) /ga1i'ao/ Galen Greek physician
gay-luhn /'gei1an/ galenic relating to Galen guh-len-ik /ga‘1en1k/ galette savoury pancake
guh-let /ga'lat/ galia melon small melon gah-Ii-uh /'gu:lia/ Galicia autonomous region, Spain guh-liss-i-uh /ga'l1sia/, [ga'li6ja]
14-2
Established anglicization. Also known as Galiza in Galician, pronounced gal-ee-thuh.
Galilean relating to Galileo
gal-il-ay-uhn /,ga11'1e1an/ Galilean relating to Galilee
gal-il-ee-uhn /,ga11'li:en,' Galilee region, ancient Palestine gal-il-ee /'gal11i:/ Galileo Galilei Italian astronomer gal-il-ay-oh gal-il-ay-i /,ga11'leIao ,gal1'1eii/ Galiza see Galicia gall impudent behaviour gawl /9o:1/
Gallagher, Liam and Noel English musicians
gal-uh-guhr /'ga1ega(r)/
g
fig
This British surname is variously
pronounced gal-uh-huhr, gal-uh-khuhr, and gal-uh-guhr, depending on individual
preference.
gallant charming man guh-lant [ga'lant/ Gillie port, Sri Lanka gawl /go:l/ - Established anglicization. galleria collection of shops under a single roof
gal-uh-ree-uh /,ga1a'ri:a/ Gallia Narbonensis Roman province
gal-i-uh nar-buh-nen-siss /,ga1ia ,n(1:(r)ba'nens1s/ Galliano Italian liqueur
gal-i-ah-noh /_gali'o:nao/ galliard dance gal-i-ard /'galio:(r)d/ Gallic relating to France
gal-ik /'gal1k/ Gallican relating to the ancient Church of Gaul or France
gal-ik-uhn /'gaI1ken,' Gallicism French idiom gal-iss-iz-uhm /'ga11,s1zem/ galligaskins breeches, trousers, or gaiters
gal-ig-ask-inz /,ga1r'gaskmz/ gallimimns dinosaur gal-im-y-muhss /_ga11'mA1mes/ galliot ship gal-i-uht /'galiet/
Gallipoli | Gandhi, Mahatma
I4~3 Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey
guh-lip-uh-Ii /ga'lIpali/ gallium chemical element
gal—i—uhm /'galiam/ galliwasp lizard gal-i-wosp /'galiwosp/ galloglass mercenary gal-oh-glahss /'ga1aoglo:s/
Gama, Vasco da see da Gama, Vasco Gamay variety of black wine grape gam-ay /'game1/ gamba see viola da gamba Gambia country
gam-bi-uh /'gambia/ Gambier Islands group of coral islands, South Pacific
gam-bi-uhr /'gambia(r)/ Gambon, Michael Irish-born British
gallon unit of volume
gal-uhn /'galen/ galloon ornamental strip of fabric guh-loon /ga'lu:n/ Galloway area, Scotland gal-uh-Way /'galowe1/ gallstone hard mass formed in the gall bladder
gawl—stohn /‘go:lstaon/
actor
gam-bon /'garnbnn/ gamelan traditional Indonesian instrumental ensemble gam-uh-lan /'gama1an/ gamgee surgical dressing
gam-ji /'gamd3i/
Gallup poll trademark assessment of
Gamla Stan historic area of Stockholm
public opinion gal-uhp /'galap,I Galois, Evariste French mathematician
gam—luh stahn /,gamle 'st(1:n/ gamma letter of the Greek alphabet gam-uh /'gama/ Gamow, George Russian-born American physicist
ay-varr-eest gal-wah /e1va_ri:st gal'wu:/ galop ballroom dance gal-uhp /'galep/ Sometimes also gal-op.
gamut complete range of something gam-uht /'gamet/
galosh waterproof overshoe
Gan dialect of Chinese
gay-moh /‘ge1mao/
guh-losh /ge'1nj‘/ Galsworthy, John English novelist gawlz-wur-thi /'go:lzwe:(r)oi/ Galtieri, Leopoldo Argentinian politician
lay-op-ol-doh galt-yair-i /le1n_pDldaU ,galtj'a:ri/ Galton, Francis English scientist
gawl-tuhn /'go:lten/
d
Galvani, Luigi Italian anatomist
luu-ee-ji gal-vah-ni /1o,i:d3i ga1'vc1:ni/ galvanic relating to electric currents produced by chemical action
gal-van-ik /gaI'van1k/ galvanize shock someone into taking action gal-vuh-nyz /'galvonA1z,/ galvanometer instrument for measuring electric currents
gal-vuh-nom~it~uhr /,ga1va'nnm1ta(r)/
Galveston port, US gal-vuh-stuhn /'galvaston/ Galway county, Republic of Ireland gawl-way /'go:lwe1/
gan /gan,’ ganache whipped filling of chocolate and cream guh-nash /go‘na_l'/ Ganapati another name for Ganesh gun-uh-put-i l_gAna'pnti/ Giincii city, Azerbaijan
guhn-juh /'gand3o/ Gance, Abel French film director
ab-el gah(ng)ss /a,ba1 'gds/ Gand see Ghent Gandalf character from The Lord of the Rings gan-dalf /'gandalf/ Gander town, Newfoundland
gan-duhr /'ganda(r)/ gander male goose
gan-duhr /'ganda(r)/ Gandhi, Indira Indian stateswoman in-dirr-uh gahn-di /_ind1ra 'go:ndi/ Gandhi, Mahatma Indian nationalist and spiritual leader muh-haht-muh gahn-di /ma,ho:tma 'go:ndi/
Gandhi, Rajiv I Garuda
14~4
:(r)'d3aunei/ Giotto Italian painter jot-oh /'d3ntau/' girandole candlestick jirr-uhn-dohl /'d31randaul/
giro | Glenrothes
151 giro system of electronic credit transfer
glan-juul-uhr /'g1and3ula(r)/ The pronunciation gland-yuul-uhr is less
jy-roh /'£l3AIl"9U/
Gironde river estuary, France
zhee-ro(ng)d /3i:'r5d/
COITIITIOI1 HOW.
Girondist member of the French
Glasgow city, Scotland glah;;goh/'g1nizgao/
moderate republican party
jirr-on-dist /d51'rond1st/ Gisborne port, New Zealand giz-buhrn /'gizba(r)n/ Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry French statesman
g
name; locally, the pronunciation is
glaz-goh.
Glashow, Sheldon Lee American physicist glash-ow /'g1a_]‘ao/ glasnost policy of more open consultative government
/val:-::,ri: 3i:,sku:(r) ds'stE/ GiSh, Lillian American actress
gish /9117
glass-nost /'glasnnst[, Russian
Gissing, George English novelist
giss-ing /'g1sm/ gite French holiday house
zheet /3i:t/ gittern medieval stringed instrument
git-urn /'gito:(r)n] Giuliani, Rudy American politician joo-Ii-ah-ni /d3u:li':(r)/
Herceptin cancer drug hur—sep-tin /ha:(r)'sept1n/ Herculaneum ancient Roman town
hur-kyuul-ay-ni-uhm /,ha:(r)kju‘le1niam/
Herculean I hetman Herculean requiring great strength
hur-kyuul-ee-uhn /,ha:(r)kju'li:an/ Sometimes also hur-kyoo-Ii-uhn. Hercules Greek mythological character; also called Heracles hur-kyuul-eez /'ha:(r)kjo1i:z/ Hereford city, England
herr-uh-fuhrd /'herofa(r)d/ Herero African ethnic group
huh-rair-oh /ha're:rao/ Hereward the Wake semi—legendary Anglo-Saxon leader
herr-uh-wuhrd /'herewe(r)d/ Hergé Belgian cartoonist air-zhay /s:(r)'3e|/ hermaphrodite human or animal
having both male and female sex organs hur-maf-ruh-dyt /he:(r)'mafradA1t/ Hermaphroditus Greek mythological character
huhr-maf-ruh-dy-tuhss /ha,mafra‘d1utas/ Hermes Greek mythological character
hur-meez /'he:(r)mi;z/ Hermes French fashion label
air-mess ,'e:(r)'mes/ Hermosillo city, Mexico air-moss-eel-yoh /,e:(r)mo‘si:1jeo/ hernia pl. herniae medical condition
hur-ni-uh, pl. hur-ni-ee /'ha:(r)nia/, pl /-nii:/ I Standard -s plural is also possible.
Herning city, Denmark hair-ning /'hs:(r)nn3/ Herod name of several rulers of ancient Palestine
herr-uhd /'hsrod/ Herodotus Greek historian herr-od-uh-tuhss /hs'rndetas/ Herophilus Greek anatomist
heer-of-il-uhss /h1a'rnf11as/ Herr pl. Herren German title for a man
hair, pl. herr-uhn /he:(r)/, pl. /'heren/ Herri Batasuna Basque political party
err-i bat-ass-oo-nuh /,eri bata'su:na/ Herschel, William German—born British astronomer
hur—shuhl /'ha:(r)Ial/ Hertford town, England hart-fuhrd /'ho:(r)tfe(r)d/
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf German physicist
170
hyn-rikh r00-dolf hairts /,h1\II‘lI'l(} ,ru:dnlf 'he:(r)ts/
hertz SI unit of frequency hurts /ha:(r)ts/ Herut Israeli political party
herr-oot /hs'ru:t/ Herzegovina see Bosnia-Herzegovina Herzl, Theodor Hungarian-born Austrian Zionist leader hurt-suhl /'ha:(r)tsal/, German
[,te:odo:e 'herts1] ' Established anglicization. Herzog, Wemer German film director
vair-nuhr hairt-sohk /,ve:(r)na(r) 'he:(r)tsaok/ Heshvan see Hesvan Hesiod Greek poet
hee-si-uhd /'hi:sied/ Hesperian concerning the Hesperides
hesp-eer-i-uhn /ha'spIarien/ Hesperides Greek mythological characters
hesp-err-id-eez /hs'speridi:z,' hesperidium pl. hesperidia fruit hesp-uh-rid-i-uhm, pl. hesp-uh-rid-i-uh /_hespa'r|diam/,
pl. /-dia/
Hesperus name for the planet Venus
hesp-uh-ruhss ,"hesperas/ Hess, Rudolf German Nazi politician
roo-dolf hess /_ru:dn1f 'hes/ Hesse state, Germany
hess /hes/ Established anglicization. The German name is Hessen, pronounced hess-uhn.
Hesse, Hermann German-born Swiss novelist
hair-man hess-uh /,hs:(r)man'hese,1 Hesvan (also Heshvan) Jewish month hess-vuhn /'hesvan/
heterogeneous diverse het-uh-ruh-jee-ni-uhss /,hetare'd5i:nias/ Less commonly also het-uh-ruh-jen-i-uhss. Sometimes also spelled heterogenous, in which case the pronunciation het-uh-roj-u h—n uhss is commonly used.
hetman Polish or Cossack military commander het—muhn fhetmenl
171
heurige wine from the latest harvest hoy-rig-uh /'h:>1r1ge/ heuristic enabling a person to learn Something for themselves
hyoo-uh—rist-ik /,hjua'r1st1k/ Heugh British family name hyoo /hju:/
heurige | Hilfiger, Tommy hibachi portable cooking apparatus hib-3‘lCl‘I-l /hI‘bfli_l'i/
hibakusha survivor of either of the atomic explosions at Hiroshima or Nagasaki hib-uh-k00—shuh /‘h1ba,ku:_|‘a/ Hibernian relating to Ireland
The place in Northumberland, however, is
hy-bur-piiiuhn /hA1'ba:(r)nien/
hyoof.
The Scottish football team of the
is hib-ur-ni-uhn.
Hewitt, Lleyton Australian tennis player lay-tuhn hyoo-it /_le1tan 'hju:It/ hexachord musical scale of six notes hek-suh-kord /'heksek:>:(r)d/ hexad set of six hek—sad ]‘heksad/
hibiscus plant hib-isk-uhss /h1'b1skas/ hic jacet epitaph hik jay-set /_hIk ‘d3eiset/
hexagon figure with six straight sides
I-Iidalgo state, Mexico
hek—suh—guhn /'heksagan/ hexahedr-on figure with six plane faces
hek-suh-heed-ruhn /_heksa'hi:dran/ Sometimes also hek-Suh-hed-ruhn.
hexamerous having parts arranged in groups of six
hek-sam-uh-ruhss /hsk'samares/ hexameter line of verse consisting of six metrical feet
hek-sam-uh-tuhr /hek‘sameta(r)/ Hexateuch books of the Bible hek—suh-tyook fheksatjuzkf hexavalent having a valency of six
hek-suh—vay-luhnt /_heksa've1lant/ Heyer, Georgette English novelist
hay—uhr /'he1a(r)/ Heyerdahl, Thor Norwegian anthropologist toor hay—uhr-dahl /,tua(r) 'he1a(r)du:1/ Heysel football stadium, Belgium
hy-suhl /'l'1AIS9l/ I See DUTCH panel. Hezbollah (also Hizbullah) extremist Shiite Muslim group
hez-buul-ah /,hezbo'lc1:/ Hezekiah biblical name
hez-uh-ky-uh /hsza'k1u9/ hiatus pause
hy-ay-tuhss fl'lAI'9Ii9S/ Hiawatha legendary North American Indian chieitain
hy-uh-woth-uh /,hAIa'wo6a/ hiba Japanese conifer
hee-buh /'hi:be/
name
Commonly also yak-et.
ee-dal-goh /i:'dalgau/ Hidatsa American Indian ethnic group hid-at-suh fhrdatsaf hidrosis sweating
hid-roh-siss /h1'dreos1s/ hierarch chief priest or other leader hy—uh—rark / 'hAI8I'('1Z(1”)l{/ hierarchy system of ranking hy-uh-rar-ki /'l'1AI9lI‘ClI(I‘)l(l/ hieratic concerning priests hy-uh-rat-i k /,hA1e'rat1k/ hieroglyph symbol in ancient Egyptian hy-ruh—glif /'l'l.AlI'9Qllf/ hierophant priest who interprets sacred mysteries
hy-roh-fant /'hAn'aufant/ Hiel'l'0 island, Canary Islands
yerr-oh /'jsrao/ hijab head covering worn by some
Muslim women
hij-ahb /h1'd3u:b/ Hijaz see Hejaz hijra transvestite or eunuch
hij-ruh /'h1d3re/ Hildegard of Bingen, St German abbess
hil—duh-gard bing-uhn /_h1ldago:(r)d
'b113an/ Hildesheim city, Germany
hil-duhss-hym /'h1ldas_hn1m/ Hilfiger, Tommy American fashion
designer
hil-fig-uhr /'h11f1ga(r)/
Hilla, al- | histrionic
172
hin-duut-vuh /hn1'dotve/
Hilla, al- province and town, Iraq uhl hil~uh /a1'h11a/ Hilversum town, Netherlands hil-vuhr-suhm /‘hIlva(r)sam/ Himachal Pradesh state, India
hinoki Japanese tree hin-oh-ki fhrneukij Hingis, Martina Swiss tennis player
mar-tee-nuh hing-giss /mci:(r),ti:na
him-ah-chuhl pruh-daysh /hi_mu:t_|‘a1
'hn]gIs/ Hipparchus Greek astronomer hip-ar-kuhss /h1'pc1:(r)kas/
pra'de1j"/ Himalayas mountain system, Asia him-uh-lay-uhz /,h1ma'Ie1az/
hippeastrum amaryllis hip-i-ast-ruhm /_hipi'astram/‘
Established anglicization. Less commonly
hippocampus pl. hippocampi part of
also him-ah-Ii-uhz.
the brain
himation ancient Greek garment him-at-i-on /h1'mation/ Himmler, Heinrich German Nazi leader hyn-rikh him-luhr /,h1\1nr1c 'hIm1a(r)/ Hims see Homs Himyarite ancient ethnic group of the Arabian peninsula
hip-oh-kam-puhss, pl. hip-oh-kamp-y /_hipau'kampeS/, Pl. /-pA1/ hippocl-as wine flavoured with spices
hip-uh-krass /'h1pakras/ Hippocrates Greek physician
hip-ok-ruh-teez /hr'pnkreti:z/ hippogriff mythical creature hip-oh-grif f'h1paogrrf/ Hippolytus Greek mythological
him-yuh-ryt /'h1mjannt/ Hinault, Bernard French racing cyclist
Character
bair-nar ee-noh /be:(r),no:(r) i:'neo/
hip—0l-it-uhss /h1'po1ites,' hippopotamus pl. hippopotami African mammal
Hinayana branch of Buddhism hee-nuh—yah—nuh /,hi:na'jo:na/
hip-uh-pot-uh-muhss,
Hindemith, Paul German Composer
powl hin-duh-mit /,paol 'hindem1t/ Hindenburg, Paul von German statesman
powl fon hin-duhn-boork /,paul fnn 'h1ndan_boe(r)k/ A more anglicized pronunciation,”
W II
I
hin-duhn-burg, is used for the Zeppelin named after him.
Hindi Indian language hin—di /‘hindi/ Hindley, Myra English murderer hind—li /'hInd1i/ British surnameiis variously pronounced hind-Ii and hynd~li, depending on individual preference. 7 W H Hindu relating to Hinduism hin—d0o /'h1ndu:/ Hindu Kush range of mountains, Asia l‘Lin—d00 kuush /,h1ndu: 'koj‘/ Sometimes also ltoosh.
Hindustan historical region, Asia hin-duust-ahn /,h1ndo'stu:n/
Hindustani group of Indian languages hin-duust-ah-ni /_h1ndo'sto:ni/ Hindutva strong sense of Hindu identity
pl. hip—uh-pot-uh-my /_hipa'pntames/, pl. /-ITIAI/ I Standard -es plural is also possible. hiragana Japanese writing system hirr-uh—gah-nuh /_hira'gu:ne/ hircine relating to goats hur-syn /'ha:(r)sn1n/ Hirohito emperor of Japan hirr-oh-hee-toh /_h1ra'hi:taoj, [cirocito] ¢ Established anglicization. Hiroshima city, Japan hirr—osh-im-uh /hr'rn_[1ma/ This anglicized pronunciation is closer to
the Japanese than the also common
pronunciation hirr-uh-shee-muh. See JAPANESE panel.
Hispaniola island, Caribbean isp-an-yoh-luh /_xspan'jaula/
Hispanist expert in Spanish language and culture hisp-uh—nist / 'h1span1st/ histamine chemical involved in immune responses hist-tuh-meen /'h1stami:n/ histrionic excessively dramatic hist—ri—0n—ik /,h1stri‘on1k/
Hitchens, Ivon I holothurian
173
Hitchens, Ivon English painter y-vuhn hitch—uhnZ /,AIV8Yl'hIlI_l9I'1Z/ Hittite ancient ethnic group ofAsia Minor
hit-yt /'h1tA1t/ Hizbullah see Hezbollah Hmong Asian ethnic group; also called Meo or Miao
hmong fhmnnj Hobart capital of Tasmania, Australia
hoh-bart /'haoba:(r)t/ Hobbema, Meindert Dutch painter myn-duhrt hob-uh-muh /,i1’1AIl'lCl8(I‘)t ‘hnbamaf I See DUTCH panel. Hobbes, Thomas English philosopher hobz jhnbzl Hoboken city, US
hoh-boh-kuhn /'heubeukan/ Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese statesman
hoh chee min /,hau tj'i: ‘mm,’ Hodeida port, Yemen huh-day-duh /ha'de|da/ hodiernal relating to the present day hod-i-ur-nuhl /,hndi'e:(r)ne1/ I-loeg, Peter Danish writer
pay-duhr hoe ],pe1de(r) ‘heal Hoffa, Jimmy American trade union leader hof—uh /'hofe/
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von Austrian poet and dramatist
hoo-goh fon hof-muhnss-tahi /,hu:geu fun 'hnfmons,tu:l/ hogan Navajo Indian hut
hoy-zin /'ho1z1n/ I-Iokan group of American Indian languages hoh-kan /‘haukan/ hoki fish
hoh-ki /'haoki/ Hokkaido island, Japan hok-y—d0h /hD'l(AI(l8U/ Hokusai, Katsushika Japanese painter
kat-suu-shee-kuh hok-uu-sy /katsujizka 'hI)l{USAI/ Holarctie zoogeographical region hoh—lark-tik /hao'lu:(r)kt1k/ Holbein, Hans German painter hanss hol-byn /‘hams 'hnlb1un/ Holborn part of London
hoh-buhrn /'haoba(r)n/ Sometimes also hohl—buhrn. Htilderlin, Friedrich German poet freed-rikh hoel-duhr-leen /,fri:dr1c 'h(2lda(r)li:n/ Holi Hindu festival
hoh-lee /'haoli:/ Holinshed, Raphael English chronicler hol-in-shed /'hnlm_[ad/
hollandaise sauce creamy sauce hol-uhn-dayz /,hnlan'de1z/ Hollerith, Herman American engineer
hoh-guhn /'haugan/ Hogarth, William English painter hoh-garth /'hoogu:(r)6/
g§;;;;0nta;s;ag-oum.
Hohhot capital of Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China hoh-hot /hao'hnt/ Q Established anglicization. hoisin Chinese cooking sauce
o so
Hoggar Mountains mountain range, Algeria
hog-uhr /'hnga(r)/ Hogmanay New Year’s Eve hog-muh-nay /'hngmane1/ Hohenstallfen German dynastic family
hoh-uhn-shtow-fuhn /,hauan'_[taofen/ Hohenzollern German dynastic family hoh-uhn-tsol-uhrn /,haoan'tsn1a(r)n/ A more anglicized pronunciation, hoh-uhn~Zo|—uhrn, is also common.
hol-uh—rith /'holar1B/ Holm island, Scotland
holm [holm] holm (also holme) islet
hohm /haom/ holmium chemical element
hohl-mi-uhm /'haulmiam/ holocaust destruction on a mass scale
hol-uh-kawst / 'hn1ak:>:st/ Holocene the present epoch hol-uh-seen /'hn1asi:n,' Holofernes biblical name
hol-uh-fur-neez /,hnla'fa:(r)ni:z/ Sometimes also huh-l0f—uhr-neez.
holothurian sea cucumber
hol-oh-thyoor-i-uhn /_hulao'6juerian/
Holst, Gustav | Hooghly
174-
Holst, Gustav English composer
pronunciation as another, but a dilferent meaning
guust-ahv hohlst /,gustu:v 'haolst/
hom-uh-fohn / 'hnmafaun/ Homo sapiens primate species
Holstein former duchy of Saxony hol-shtyn / ’hnl_|'tn1n/ Holsteinian geological period hol-Sty-ni-uhn ,'hnl'stnmian/ holt den of an otter
hoh-moh sap-i-enz /,haomao 'sapienz/ Commonly also hoh¥moh say-pi-uhnz,
homosexual sexually attracted to people of one’s own sex
hOhl1I lhaoltl
Holyfield, Evander American boxer
uh-van-duhr hoh-Ii-feeld /a,vanda(r) 'heo1ifi:ld/ Holyhead port, Wales hol-i-hed /'hol1h£d/
hom-oh-sek-shoo-uhl /,homao'sekj’ual/ Words that contain the prefix ham0- can usually be pronounced hom-oh or
hoh-moh.
Holyoake, Keith New Zealand
Homs (also Hims) city, Syria
statesman hoh-li-ohk Phauliaokl Holyrood Scottish parliament
homss /hams,’ homunculus pl. homunculi small human or humanoid creature
hol-i-rood /'hnliru:d,' homage special honour or respect hom-ij /'hom1d3/ hombre ‘man’ (Spanish) omb-ray /'nmbre|/ homeopath practitioner of homeopathy hoh-mi-oh-path /'haomiaupa6/ Less commonly also horri-oh-path.
homeopathy system of complementary medicine
hoh-mi-op-uh-thi /,haomi'opa6i/ Less commonly also hom-i-op-uh-thi.
hom-unk-yuul-uhss, pl. hom-unk—yuu|-y /homnnkjolas/, pl. /-int,’ ~ Standard -es plural is also possible. Honda, Soichiro Japanese motor manufacturer
soh-ee-chirr-oh hon-duh /sau_i:t_[1rau ‘hands! Honduras country hon-dyoor-uhss /hnn'djoaras/, Spanish [on'duras] ~ Established anglicization.
Honecker, Erich East German
Homer Greek epic poet hoh-muhr /'haoma(r)/ Homeric relating to Homer
statesman ay-rikh hon-ek-uhr /_e1rI¢ 'hnnska(r)/
Honegger, Arthur French composer hon—uhg—uhr /'hnnaga(r)/, [artyr onegezr] 0 Established anglicization.
hoh-merr-ik /hao'mer1k/ homily religious discourse
horp-il-i /'homili/ homogamy inbreeding
honewort plant
hom-og-uh-mi /hrrmogamii
homogeneous of the same kind hom-oh-iee-ni-uhss /,homao'cl3i:nias/ Less commonly also pronounced
I
if H
huh-moj-uh-nuhss.
homogeny uniformity huh—moi-uh-ni /ha'mod3eni/
homologate approve for sale
huh-mol-uh-gayt /ha'mnlageIt/ homonym word having the same pronunciation or spelling as another, but a dilterent meaning hom-uh-nim /'hnman1m;' homophone word having the same
hohn-wurt /‘haonwa:(r)t/ hongi Maori greeting
hong-i /'hnni/ Honiara capital of the Solomon Islands hon-i-ar—uh /_hnni'o:ra/ Honolulu state capital of Hawaii
hon-uh-loo-loo /,hnna'lu:lu:/ honorand person to be publicly honoured
on-uh-rand /'nnarand/ Honshu island, Japan
hon-shoo /'hon_|'u:/ Hooghly (also Hugli) river, India hoog-Ii /'hu:glif
175
Hoogstraten, Nicholas van I Houston
Hoogstraten, Nicholas van English
hor-suhnss /'ho:(r)sans/ Horst Wessel Song official song of the
property magnate
van hoog-strah-tuhn /van 'hu:gstro:tan/ Tl‘lC7ll)lllJCl1 pronunciation of
Horsens port, Denmark
Nazi Party in Germany surname is _
hohkh-strah-tuhn.
hookah oriental tobacco pipe
huuk-uh /'hoka/ hoopoe bird h00—p00 /'hu:pu:,f Hoosier native of Indiana, US
hoo-zhuhr /'hu:3o(r)/ Hopi American ethnic group
hoh-pi /'haopi/ hoplite ancient Greek soldier hop-lyt /'ht)plAit/
hora (also horah) Romanian or Israeli dance
haw-ruh ,/'ho:ra/ Horace Roman poet horr-uhss /‘horas/l Established anglicization. The Latin is Huratius, usually pronounced
horr-ay-shi-uhss; see LATIN panel. horal relating to hours
haw-ruhl ,/'ho:ral/ Horatian relating to Horace
horr-ay-shuhn /hn'reI_[an/
horst vess-uhl /,h0:(r)st 'vssal/ I-Iorta, Victor Belgian architect
veek-tor or-tah /vi:k,t0:(r) :J:(r)'tu:/ hortatory aiming to exhort
hor-tuh-tuh-ri /'h0:(r)tatari/ hortensia plant
hor-ten-si-uh /h:1:(r)'tsnsia/ Horus ancient Egyptian god
haw-ruhss /'ho:ras/ Hosay Muslim festival hoh-zay /hao'ze1/
Hosea Hebrew prophet
hoh-zee-uh /hau'zi:a,/ hospitable fiiendly and welcoming
hoss-pit-uh-buhl /hn'sp1tebal/ Sometimes also hosp-it-uh-buhl. hospitaller member ofa charitable religious order
hosp-it-uh-luhr /'hospitala(r),f hospodar Ottoman governor h0sp—uh—dar /'hospado:(r)/ H685, Rtl(l0lfGerman Nazi
commandant of Auschwitz
roo-dolf hoess /,ru:dolf'hoes/
philosopher
Houdini, Harry Hungarian-born American magician hoo-dee-ni /hu:'di:ni/ Houellebecq, Michel French writer mee—shel wel-bek /mi:,j‘sl wsl'bek/
maks hork-hym-uhr /,maks
Hough, Stephen English pianist
horchata drink made from tiger nuts Or-Chah-tuh ,fo:(r)'tIo:ta/
Horkheimer, Max German 'ho:(r)k_hA1ma(r)/ Hormuz island, Iran
hor-mooz /h:):(r)'mu:z,'
I-Io:-nung, Ernest William English novelist
h0r—nuhng /'ho:(r)naI];' Horologium southern constellation
horr-uh-loj-i-uhm /,hora'lnd3iam/ Horowitz, Vladimir Russian-born
American pianist
vlad-im-eer horr-uh-vits /,vlad1m1a(r) 'hnrav1ts/ horror vacui fear of leaving empty spaces
horr-uhr vak-yoo-y /,hora(r) 'vakjuA1/ hors d’oeuvre small savoury dish
Or durv /,0:(r) 'da:(r)vj, French [or douvr]
llllf /l'!1\f/ __l_______ l_________
___
This British surname is variously
pronounced huf, hof, and how, depending on individual preference. Hough End in Manchester is huf.
I-loullier, Gerard French football l'I'l€Ll'lELg€l'
zhay-rar ool-yay /3ei,rc1:(r) u:l'je1/ houmous chickpea spread
huum-uhss /'homas/ houngan voodoo priest
hoong-guhn /'hu:ngan,' houri beautiful young woman
hoor-i f'hoari/
Housatonic river, US hoo—suh—ton—ik /,hu:sa'ton1k/ Houston port, US (Texas) hyoo-stuhn /'hju:stan/
houting | Huon pine There are many US towns called Houston, most of which are pronounced as above. Houston in Delaware and in Georgia,
however, are how-Stuhn. The NASA space centre is in Houston, Texas.
houting fish how—ting /‘haot1n/ howdah seat for riding on an elephant or camel how-duh ,I'hauda/ howitzer gun
how-it-suhr /'hao1tsa(r)/ Howrah city, India
how-ruh /'haure/ howtowdie Scottish dish
how-tow-di /hao'taodi,I Hoxha, Enver Albanian statesman
en-vuhr hoj-uh /_snva(r) 'hnd3a/ Hoxnian geological period hoks-ni-uhn /'hnksnian/ hoya shrub hoy-uh /‘hora,’
Hozier, Clementine maiden name of Clementine Churchill
klem-uhn-teen hoh-zi-uhr /_k1smanti:n 'hauzia(r)/ Hradec Krailové town, Czech Republic
hrad-ets krah-lov-ay /_hradsts 'kra:lnveif Hrodna city, Belarus
hrod-nuh /'hrodna/ Hrvatska see Croatia hryvna (also hrivna) currency unit, Ukraine hreev-nuh /'hri:vna/ Huainan city, China
khwy-nan /,xwA1'nan/ Huallaga river, Peru wal-yag-uh /wa'ljaga/
Huambo city, Angola wam-boo /'wambu:/
176
Huhli city, India |'lOO-bli /'hu:b1i,f
hubris excessive self-confidence
hyoo-briss /'hju:br1s/ hueheu type of salmon hoo-kuhn /'hu:l-can,’ Hllé city, Vietnam
hway /hwe1/ Hugli see I-Iooghly Hugo, Victor French poet, novelist, and dramatist vik-tuhr hyoo-goh /_v1kta(r) 'hju:geo/, [viktozr ygo] v Established anglicization.
Huguenot French Protestant
hyoo-guh-noh /'hju:ganao/ hui large ceremonial gathering I100-i /'hu:i/ hula Hawaiian dance h00—|uh ]'hu:la/ I-Iu Jintao Chinese president khoojin-tow /_xu: d3m'tao/ Hulce, Tom American actor
hulss /hols,’ Humber estuary, England humb-u hr /'l1All'lb9(I‘)/ humectant preserving moisture
hyuum-ek-tuhnt /l'ljU'l'1‘l£l{tBI1t/ humerus pl. humeri arm bone hyoo-muh-ruhss, pl. hyoo—muh-ry /'hju:maras/, pl. /-rAi/ humidor airtight container hyoo-mid-or /'hju:m1do:(r)/ humoral relating to the body fluids
hyoo-muh-ruhl f'hju:m9ral/ humoresque short piece of music
hyoo-muh-resk /,hju:ma'rssk/ Humperclinck, Engelbert German composer
eng-uhl-bairt huum~puhr-dink /_enalbe:(r)t 'hompa(r)dn]k/ i
if
Huang Hai Yellow Sea
The 1970s pop singer Engelbert
khwang khy /,xwa1] 'xAi/ Huang Ho Yellow River khwang hoh /_xwa1] 'hau/ huarache sandal
Humperdinck, who named himself after the
warr-atch-ay /wa'ratIe1/ Huascaran volcano, Peru wask-arr-an /waska'ran/ Hubei province, China khoo-bay /_xu:'bei,I
German composer, is usually eng-guhl-burt
hump-uhr-dink. humus organic component of soil
hyoo-muhss /'hju:mas/ Hunan province, China khoo-nan /,xu:'nan/
Huon pine conifer hyoo-on /'hju:on/
hurdy-gurdy | hyperalgesia
177 hurdy-gurdy musical instrument hur-di-gur-di /'ha:(r)di,ge:(r)di/ Huron North American ethnic group hy00r—uhn /‘hjuaran/
h00-i| /'hu:1l/
hyacinth plant hy-uh-Sinth /‘hnraslnfl/' Hyacinthus Greek mythological
The same pronunciation is used for Lake
character
Huron.
hy-uh-sinth-uhss /,l‘lAI8'SIn69S]
I-lurrian ancient ethnic group
Hyades star cluster
hurr-i-uhn /'hAI'lBl'1/ hurricane storm hurr-ik-uhn /‘h.mkan/
hyaenodon extinct mammal
¢3_mm991,a;¢n..;.o:»z;.-;y.1.
hy-uh-deez /‘h1uadi:z/
"
Hllsék, Gustav Czechoslovak statesman guust-ahf huuss-ahk /_gostu:f 'husa:k,l H1185, John Bohemian religious reformer
huss /has,’ Established anglicization. Czech fbrm is Jan Hus, pronounced yan huuss.
Hussein, ibn Talal (also Husain) former king of Jordan
ib-uhn tuh-lal huuss-ayn /,1ban ta,1a1 hu'se1n/ I-IllSS€in, Saddam (also Husain) Iraqi
statesman sad-ahm huuss-ayn /sa,d:(r)/ Marie Antoinette former French queen, wife of Louis XVI
marr-i ah(ng)-twan-et /_mari ,l')twa'nct/ Marie Byrd Land region ofAntarctica mar-i burd /,mu:ri 'ba:(r)d,l Marie de Médicis former French queen
muh-ree duh may-di-seess /ma_ri: do ,me1di'si:sl Mari El autonomous republic, Russia
mar-ee el /,ma:ri: 'el/ marijuana (also marihuana) cannabis marr-i-wah-nuh /,mari'wa:ne/ marimba musical instrument
muh-rim-buh /ma'rimba/ Marinetti, Filippo Italian poet and dramatist
fil-ee-poh marr-i-net-i /fi,1i:peo ,mari'nsti/ marionette string puppet
marr-i-uh-net /_maria'net/
241
Marischa] College I Martenot, Maurice
Marischal College part of Aberdeen University
mar-shuhl /'mu:(r)_[al/
Maris Piper variety of potato marr—iss /‘mans,’ Marist member of Roman Catholic order the Society of Mary
mar-ist /'mo:r1st/ This is the order’s preferred pronunciation,
although mair-ist and marr-ist are also heard.
mar-muht /'mo:(r)mat/ Marne river, France
mam /mo:(r)n/ marque make of car mark /mo:(r)k/
marquee large tent mar-kee /mo:(r)'ki:/
Marquesas Islands islands, French Polynesia
mar-kay-suhss /mu:(r)'keises/ However, the Marquesas Keys in Florida arc pronounced mar-keez-uhss.
Maritsa river, Europe muh-rit—suh /ma'rltso/ Mariupol port, Ukraine marr-i-oo-pol /_mari'u:pol/
marquess (also marquis) nobleman mar-kwiss /'mu:(r)kw1s/
marioram herb
marquetry inlaid work
mar-juh-ruhm /'mo:(r)d3aram/ Markaryan, Andranik Armenian
statesman
and-ruh-neek mar-kuhr-yahn /andre_ni:k mo:(r)ko(r)'jo:n/ Markiewicz, Constance Irish politician; first woman elected as an MP mar-kiv-itch /'mt1:(r)k1vrt_|'/ Established anglicization of her surname; the Polish pronunciation is
mar-kyev-eetch. Markova, Alicia English ballet dancer uh-leess-i—uh mar—koh-vuh /a,li:sia mo:(r)'kauva/ Markov model statistical model
mar-kof /'mo:(r)knf/ Marlborough, Duke of British general mawl-buh-ruh /'mo:lbare/ However, Marlborough in New Zealand and in Zimbabwe, and the cigarette brand
Marlboro, are pronounced marl-buh-ruh.
marline light rope mar-lin /'mu:(r)lm/
Marmara, Sea of sea, Turkey mar-muh-ruh /'mn:(r)mara,' Marmite trademark savoury spread mar-myt /'mu:(r)ma|t,l marmite earthenware cooking container ma r-meet /mo:(r)'mi:t/ marmoreal made of or compared to marble
mar-maw-ri-uhl /mo:(r)'mo:rio1/ marmoset monkey mar-muh-zet /'mn:(r)mazst/ marmot rodent
mar—kuh-tri /'mo:(r)katri/ Marquette, Jacques French missionary and explorer zhahk ma r-ket /,3u:k mo:(r)'kat/ marquise wife or widow of a marquis mar-keez /mo:(r)'ki:z,/ Marrakesh (also Marrakech) city, Morocco
marr-uh-ltesh /,mare'ksj"/ Marryat, Frederick English novelist marr-i-uht /'mariat/ Marsala dessert wine produced in Sicily
mar-sah-Iuh /mo:(r)'su:la/ Marsalis, Wynton American trumpeter
win-tuhn mar-sah-liss /,w1ntan mo:(r)'so:lis/ Marseillaise French national anthem mar-say-yayz /,mo:(r)sei'je1z/ Marseilles city, France mar-say /mt1:(r)'set/ The French spelling is Marseille. An older anglicized pronunciation of the English
spelling, mar-saylz, is rarely heard now.
Marsyas Greek mythological character
mar-si-uhss /'mu:(r)sias/ Martaban, Gulf of part of the Indian
Ocean mar-tuh-bahn /,mo:(r)ta'bo:n/ Martello small circular fort mar-tel-oh /mo:(r)'te1eo/ Martenot, Maurice French pianist and inventor
morr-eess mar-tuh-noh /mn_ri:s m:1:(r)ta'nao/
Martial I mastodon This pronunciation is also correct for the musical instrument he invented, the
ondes-vnarrewmt. Martial Roman cpigrammatist
mar-shuhl /'mu:(r)Ial/ Martineau, Harriet English writer mar-tin-oh /'mu:(r)t1nao/
martinet person who demands complete obedience
mar-tin-et /,mn:(r)tl'net/ Martinique island, Caribbean mar-tin-eek /_mo.:(r)t1'ni:k/ M3.l'lltS Hindu mythological characters
murr-uuts ,"m.\ruts/ Marvell, Andrew English metaphysical poet
mar-vuhl /'mu:(r)val/ Maryland state, US mair—i—luhnd /'me:ri1end,/ This is the usual BR pronunciation. AM is
often also merr-i-luhnd or marr-i~luhnd. Marylebone district of London
mar I‘- U h—luh-buhn Fmaralabenf Sometimes also marI—uh-buhn.
Masaccio Italian painter
maz-ah-choh /ma'zu:tIao/ Masada architectural ruins, Israel
muh-sah-duh /me'su:da/ Masai (also Maasai) Kenyan ethnic group
mah-sy /mo:'sA1/ masala mixture of spices
muh-sah-Iuh /ma'su:la/ Masaryk, Tom:-ii“; Czechoslovak
24-2
mayS5-feeld ,I'meIsfi:1d/
Maseru capital of Lesotho muh-sair-oo /ma'se:ru:/ Masha], Khaled (also Meshal)
Palestinian statesman khah-luhd muh-shal /,xu:lad ma'j'all Mashhad (also Meshed) city, Iran mash-had /maj"had/ Mashona Afiican ethnic group
muh-shon-uh /me'j‘ona/ masjid mosque
mU5s-jid /'mAsd3Id/
masquerade pretence
mask-uh-rayd /,maske're1d/ Massachusetts state, US mass-uh-choo-suhts /,masa't_]"u:sats/'
massage rubbing of the body with the hands mass-ahzh /'maso:3/ Commonly also muh-sahzh.
massasauga rattlesnake mass-uh-saw-guh /‘,masa‘s:):ga/ Massawa port, Eritrea; also called Mitsiwa
m uh-sah-wuh /ma'sa:wa/ masseter cheek muscle
mass—ee—tuhr /ma'si:ta(r)/ masseur person who provides massage professionally mass—ur /ma'sa:(r)/ masseuse female masseur mass-u(r)z /ma'sa:z/ AM is mass-ooss. Massif Central mountainous plateau,
statesman
France
tom-ahsh mass-arr-ik /,tnmo.:_|‘
mass-eef sah(ng)-tral /_ma_si:f s€1'tra1/
'masarIk,I Masbate island, Philippines mass-bah-ti /mas'bo:ti/ Mascagni, Pietro Italian composer and conductor
Massine, Léonide Russian—Frcnch choreographer
lay-on-eed mass-een /1e1o,ni:d ma'si:n/ Massinger, Philip English dramatist
pyay-troh mask-ahn-yi /_pje1treo
mass-in-juhr /‘masmd3a(r)/'
ma'sko:nji/ Mascarenes group of islands, Indian Ocean
MHSSOII, André French artist
mask-uh-reenz /,maska'ri:nz/ mascarpone cream cheese
mass-kuhr-poh-nay /,maska(r)'paone1/ Masefield, John English poet and novelist
ah(ng)-dray mass-o(ng) /fi,dre| 'mas5/ mastaba ancient Egyptian tomb mast—uh-buh /'mastaba/ mastectomy surgical operation to remove a breast mast-ek-tuh-mi /ma'stektami/ mastodon large extinct mammal mast—uh-don fmastadonf
24-3
Mastroianni, Marcello l Maupassant, Guy de
Mastroianni, Marcello Italian actor
mar-chel-oh mast-ruh-yan-i /rnu:(r)_t_fs1ao mastra'jani/ Masuria region, Poland muh-zoor-i-uh lmzrzoarial Matabele African ethnic group
mat-uh-bee-Ii /,mata'bi:li/ Mata Hari Dutch dancer and secret agent mat-uh hah-ri /,mate 'ho:ri/ Mataram town, Indonesia
mut-uh-rahm /mAta'ro:m/ Mataskelekele, Kalkot Vanuatuan statesman kal-kot mat-uh-skel—uh—kay-luh /ka1,kot _matasks1a'ket1a/ maté bitter infusion
mat-ay I ‘mater,’ matelot sailor mat-loh /'matleu/ mater ‘mother’ (dated) may-tuhr /'me1ta(r)/ ' See LATIN panel. mater dolorosa Virgin Mary sorrowing for the death of Christ mah-tuhr dol-uh-roh-suh /,mu:ta ,do1a'raosa/ materfamilias female head of a family
may-tuhr-fuh-mil-i-ass /,melta(r)fa'm1lias,I materia medica body of remedial substances used in medicine
muh-teer-i-uh med-ik-uh /ma,t1aria 'madika/ Mathura city, India
mut-oor-uh /'mAtuara/ matinee afternoon performance
mat—in-ay /'mat1ne1,l Matisse, Henri French artist
ah(ng)-ree mat-eess /d,ri: ma'ti:s/ Mato Grosso region, Brazil
mat-oo gross-00 /,matu: 'grnsu:/ matriarch female head of a family may-tri—ark /'mettric1:(r)k,f matriculate be enrolled at a university muh-trik-yuul-ayt /ma'tr1kjoleIt/ matrimony state of being married mat-rim-uh-nl /‘matr1mani/ matronymic name derived from a mother or female ancestor mat-ruh-nim-ik /,matra'n1m1k/ matryoshka pl. matryoshki Russian doll
muht-ri-osh-kuh, pl. muht-ri-osh-ki /,matri.‘nj"ka/, pl. /-ki/ ma.tsI.ll'i Shinto festival mat-soo-ri /mat'su:ri/ Matsuyama city, Japan
mat-suu-yah-muh /,matso'ja:ma/ v See JAPANESE panel.
Mattel American toy manufacturers muh-tel jma'teIl Matterhorn mountain, Switzerland
mat—uhr-horn /'mata(r)h0:(r)n/ Matthau, Walter American actor mat—ow /‘matao/ Matthias, St apostle
muh-thy-uhss /ma'9A1as/ Maturin, Charles Irish novelist
mat-yoor-in /'matju9rIn/ matutinal occurring in the morning
mat—yoo-ty-nuhl /,l'HfltjL1'tAII'18i/ Also muh-tyoo-tin-uhl. matzo (also matzoh or matzah) unleavened biscuit, traditionally eaten by Jews during Passover mot-suh /'motse/ Can also be pronounced mut-suh or,
influenced by the spelling, mat-soh.
mauby West Indian drink moh-bi ,"maobi/ maudlin self-pityingly sentimental
mawd-lin /‘mo:d1In/
Maugham, Somerset British novelist mawm lmozml Maui island, Hawaii mow-i /'maoi,/ Mau Man African secret society
mow mow /‘mats mao/ Malina Kea volcano, Hawaii
mow-nuh kay-uh /,maone 'ke1a/ Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii mow-nuh loh-uh /_maone 'laoa/ Maunganui mountain, New Zealand
mong-uh-noo-i /mnna'nu:i/ Maulldy Thursday Thursday before Easter mawn—di /'mo:ndi/
Maupassant, Guy de French writer gee duh moh-pass-ah(ng) /,gi: de maupa'sr'1/
Maupin, Armistead I meatus Maupin, A1-mistead American writer ar-mist-ed maw-pin /,u:(r)m1stsd 'm:1:pm/ Mauresmo, Amelie French tennis player
am-ay-lee maw-rez-moh /ame1_li: mo:rez'mau/ Mauriac, Francois French novelist
frah(ng)-swah morr-i-ak /frd_swu:
244
mah-yot /mn:'jnt/ Mayr, Ernst Walter German-American zoologist
airnst val-tuhr myr /_a:(r)nst ,valta(r) 'm1ue(r)/ Mazar-e-Sharifcity, Afghanistan muh-zar-esh-uh-reef /ma,zo:ra_l‘a'ri:f/ Mazarin, Jules Italian-French statesman
mnri'ak/ Mauritania African country morr-it-ay-ni-uh /,mor1'te1ma,I
zhuel maz-arr—a(ng) /_3yl maza'ré/ mazarine blue butterfly maz-uh-reen /'mazari:n,I
Mauritius island country
Mazatlan port, Mexico
mu h-rish—uhss /ma‘r1Ias/ Maury, Matthew American oceanographer
maw-ri /'mo:ri/ Maurya ancient Indian dynasty mow-ri-uh /'maurie/ Mauser trademark make of firearm
mow-zuhr /'mauza(r)/
mass-at-Ian /,masat'lan/ Mazdaism Zoroastrianism maz-duh-iz-uhm /'mazda,1zam/ mazdoor Indian labourer
muz—do0r /ITlAZ'ClU9(I‘)/ mazel tov ‘congratulations’ (Hebrew) maz—uh| tof /'mazel ,tnf/ mazer wooden drinking bowl
mausoleum building housing a tomb or tombs maw-suh-lee-uhm /,mo:sa'liam/
may-zuhr ,"meiza(r)/ mazurka Polish dance muh-zur-kuh /ma'za:(r)ka/
mauve pale purple colour
Mazzini, Giuseppe Italian nationalist leader
mohv lmauvl maven expert
may-vuhn /'me1van/ Mé. Vlast symphonic poem by Smetana
mah vlast /,mu: 'vlast/ maxilla pl. maxillae jaw
mak-sil-luh, pl. mak-sil-lee /mak's1la/, pl. /-1i:/ ~ See LATIN panel. lnaxixe Brazilian dance
muh-shee-shuh /ma'_1'i:j‘a/ Maya Central American ethnic group my-uh /'m1ua/ maya Hindu supernatural power mah-yuh /'mo:ja/ Mayakovsky, Vladimir Georgian poet and dramatist
vluh-dee-meer my-uh-kof-ski /_ml\ra'knfski/ Mayan family of Central American languages
my-uhn /'mA1an/ Maynooth town, Republic of Ireland may-nooth /meI'nu:B,' mayoral relating to the office of mayor mair-uhl /‘me:ral,' Mayotte island, Indian Ocean
juuz-ep-ay mat-see-ni /d3u,zepei mat‘si:ni/ Mbabane capital of Swaziland uhm—bab-ah-ni /,emba'bu:ni/ mbaqanga South African popular music style
uhm-bak-ang-guh /_amba'kanga/ Mbeki, Thabo South African statesman
tah-boh uhm-bek-i /,ta:bao am'bski/ mbira thumb piano uhm-beer-uh lam'biara/ Mbundu African ethnic group
uh m-buun-doo lanrbunduzl Mbuti African ethnic group uhm-boo-ti /am'bu:ti/ mea culpa acknowledgement of one’s error may-uh kuul-puh /,me1a 'kulpa/ ~ See LATIN panel. meander follow a winding course
mi-and-uhr /mi'anda(r)/ Meath county, Republic of Ireland
meeth /mi:9/ meatus passage leading to the interior of
the body
mi-ay-tu hss /mi'e1tas/
mebos | megrim
24-5
mebos fruit preserve
mee-boss /'mi:bns/ Mebyon Kernow Cornish nationalist political party meb-i—on kur-noh /,mcbion 'ka:(r)nau/ Mecca (also Makkah) city, Saudi Arabia mek—uh /'mska/ Established anglicization. Sometimes also milk-uh. a more Arabic-sounding pronunciation.
Meccano trademark construction toy muh-kah-noh /ma'ku:neo/
Mechelen city, Belgium mekh-uh-Iuhn /‘mexolan! Meehlin type oflace mek-lin /'mekl1n/ Mecklenburg former state, Germany melcluhn-burg /'meklanba:(r)g/, ['msklenbork] ' Established anglicization. meconium faeces ofa newborn infant
mi-koh-ni-uhm /mi'kaoniem/ meconopsis poppy mek-uh-nop-siss /_mska'nnps1s/ médaillon round cut ofmeat or fish
may-dy-yo(ng) /,me1dA1'j5/ Medan city, Indonesia
may-dun /'meIdAn/ Medau rhythmical exercise
may-dow /'meldao/ Medawar, Peter English immunologist med—uh—wuhr /'msdawa(r)/ Medb Irish mythological queen
mayv [mew] Medea Greek mythological figure
muh-dee-uh /ma'di:a;' Médecins sans Frontieres international charity
med-sa(ng) sahlng) fro(ng)t-yair /Imsdsfi so fr5'tjs::(r)/ Medellin city, Colombia med-el-yeen /,medel'ji:n/, [me0e'/Kin] Media ancient region ofAsia mee-di-uh /'mi:dia,f medicament substance used for medical treatment muh-dik-uh-muhnt /ma‘dIkamant/ Medicean relating to the Medici family
med-i-chee-uhn /,medi't]'i:an/ Medici powerful Italian family
med-itch-i /'madltIi/, ['me:dit_\'i]
Established anglicization. Another
anglicization, med-ee-chi, is seen as less correct.
medieval (also mediaeval) relating to the Middle Ages
med-i-eev-uhl /,medi'i:val;' Medina city, Saudi Arabia; also the name for the old walled part of a North African town
med-ee-nuh /ms'di:na/ mediocre of average quality mee-di-ohk-uhr /,mi:di'ooka(r)/ meditative relating to meditation
med—it-uh-tiv /'mad1,tativ/ Mediterranean sea, Europe
med-it-uh-ray-ni-uhn /,msd1te'remian/ Médoc red wine
may-dok /me|'dnk/ medulla oblongata part of the brainstem
muh-dul-uh ob-long-gah-tuh /me,dAla _ob1nr]'gu:ta/ Medusa Greek mythological character
mph-dyoo-zuh/me‘dltu:zw
W
Other pronunciations such as muh-doo-suh
are also used.
meerkat mongoose meer-kat /'m1a(r)kat/ meerschaum white clay-like material meer-showm /'m|a(r)_[aom/ Meerut city, India meer-uht f'm1arat/ mefloquine antimalarial drug
mef-luh-kween /'meflakwi:n/ megalopolis very large city
meg-uh-lop-uh-liss /,maga'lnpaI1s,! megalosaurus dinosaur meg-uh-loh-saw-ruhss /_msgalao'so:ras/ Meghalaya state, India
may-gah-luh-yuh /meI'go:1eja/ Megiddo ancient city, Palestine
muh-gid-oh /ma'g1dao/ Megillah book of Hebrew scriptures muh-gil-uh /ma'glla/ lnegilp mixture added to oil paints
muh-gilp /ma'g11p/ megrim fish mee-grim /'mi:gr|m/
Meiji Tenno | Memphis Meiji Tenno former emperor of Japan may-ji ten-oh /,me1d3i 'teneo/ meiosis pl. meioses type of cell division my—0l'|-siss, pl. my-oh-seez /mA1‘aos1s/, pl. /-si:z/ Meir, Golda Israeli stateswoman gol-duh may-eer /,golde meI'1a(r)/ Meirelles, Fernando Brazilian film director
fair-nan-doo may-rel-ish /fe:(r),nandu: me1'relI_\'/ Meirionnydd district, Wales
mair-i-on—uhth /ms:ri'nna0/ Meissen city, Germany; also a type of porcelain
my-suhn /'m1usan/ Meissner effect magnetic flux myss-nuhr /'mnIsna(r)/ Meistersinger member of a guild of German lyric poets my-stuhr-zing-uhr /'mA1sta(r)zma(r)/ Meitner, Lise Austrian-Swedish physicist
lee-zuh myt-nuhr /,1i:za 'm.utna(r)/ meitnerium chemical element
myt-neer-i-uhm /mAIt'nIariam/ Meiwes, Armin German cannibal ar-meen my-vuhss /,u:(r)mi:n 'I‘I'lAIV8S/ Mekele city, Ethiopia
muh-kay-li /ma'ke1Ii/ Meknes city, Moroeco
mek-ness /msk'nss/ Mekong river, Asia mee-kong /mi:'kn1]/ mela Hindu fair or festival may-luh /'me1la/ Melaka. state, Malaysia
muh-Iak-uh /ma'1aka/ melamine compound used in making plastics
mel-uh-meen /'melami:n/ melancholia sadness mel-uhn—k0h~li—uh /_me1an'kau1ia/ Melanchthon, Philipp German Protestant reformer fil-ip mel-ank-thon /_f1l1p me'1a13k9nn/ Melanesia region of the western Pacific
mel-uh-nee-zhuh /,msla'ni:5a/ melange varied mixture
may-lo(ng)zh /me1'1fi3/ melanin pigment
24-6
mel-uh-nin /'melan1n/
melanoma tumour mel-uh-noh-muh j,mela'naome/ melatonin hormone mel-uh-toh-nin /,mela'taon1n/
Melbourne city, Australia mel-buhrn /'ma1ba(r)n/ Melchior traditional name of one of the Magi mel-ki-or /'mslki:>:(r)/ Melchizedek biblical character
mel-kiz-uh-dek lme1'k|zadsk/ Meleager Greek poet
mel-i-ay-guhr /,me1i'e1ga(r)/ melee confused fight
mel-ay /'msle1/ Melilla Spanish enclave in Morocco mel-ee-yuh /me'1i:je/ melisma pl. melismata group of notes
sung to one syllable of text
muh-liz-muh, pl. muh-liz-muh-tuh /ma'1Izma/, pl. /-mata;‘ Melkite Orthodox Christian mel-kyt /'melk1ut/
melliflllous pleasingly smooth and musical to hear
mel~if-loo-uhsss /ms'11fluas/ Mellon, Andrew American financier and philanthropist
meI—uhn /'melan/ Melos see Milos Melpomene Greek mythological character mel-pom-uh-ni /msl'pnmani/ meltemi Mediterranean wind mel-tem—i /msl't£mi/ Melua, Katie Georgian-born singer
mel~oo-uh /‘meme,’ membrum Virile man’s penis memb-ruhm virr—ee-li /,membram v1'ri:li/ meme element of a culture passed from one individual to another
meem /mi:m/ memento mori reminder of the inevitability of death
mem-en-toh maw-ri /msmentao 'm:>:ri/ Memphis ancient city, Egypt; also city, US
mem-fiss /'mamf1s/
2+7 memsahib Indian term of address for a
married white woman mem'5ahb rmamsuzbf Sometimes also mem-sah-hib.
ménage a lCl‘0iS arrangement in which
three people live together
may-nahzh ah trwah /me1,no:3 o: 'll‘W0I/
memsahib | Mennonite an-tohn-yoh day men-doh-thuh
/anjaonjao dei men'dau9a/ Menelaus Greek mythological character men-uh-lay-uh55 /_mgng'1e195/
Menelik (3-15° Menelekl Ethl°Plan king
men‘Uh‘|ek /.I11~‘3I19'18li/
Manes Egyptian pharaoh mee-neez /'mi:ni:z/
menagerie collection of wild animals muh-naj-uh—ri /ma'nad3ari/
Menezes, Jean Charles de See dc Menezes
Menai Strait sea channel Wales men_y rmanml ’
Men crimgina], ele Josef G erman Nan.' war
Menander Greek dramatist muh-nan—duhr /ma'nanda(r),' Menapian relating to a glaciation in nonhem Europe
muh-nap-i-uhn /ma'napian,'
_ _ _ menaqulnone one of the K vitamins
men-uh-kwin-ohn /,msna'kw1naon/ menarche onset of menstruation
men-ark-E /ms'nu:(r)ki/
Mencius Chinese philosopher; also called Meng-Izu
men-si-uhss /'msnsias/
Mellfikell» H- L- AII1@1'i¢aHj0l1l"flflli$ll m9nlo,f
Mephistopheles mythological demon mef-ist-of-uh-leez /_mef1s‘tnfali:z/
Mephistophelian (also Mephistophelean) wicked
mef-ist-uh-fee-Ii-uhn /,mef1sta'fi:lian/ Less commonly also muh—fist-uh-fee-Ii-uhn
or mef-ist-of-uh-lee-uhn. Mercalli scale scale for expressing the local intensity of an earthquake muhr-kal-i /ma(r)'kali,' mercantile relating to trade
24-8
mur-kuhn-tyl /'ma:(r)kantA:l/ Mercator, Gerardus Flemish cartographer
juh-rard-uhss mur-kay-tuhr /d3a,ro:(r)das ma:(r)'ke1te(r)f
Merced city, US rnuhr-sed /ma(r)'sed,'
Mercedes Benz trademark German car manufacturers muhr-say-deez benz /ma(r),se1di:z ‘hanz/, [mer_tse:des 'bents] Q Established anglicization. Merchant, Ismail Indian film producer
iss-myl mur-chuhnt /|s,m1u1 'ma:(r)t_|'ant/ Mercia former kingdom of central England mur-si-uh /‘ma:(r)sie,l Merckx, Eddy Belgian cyclist ed-i mairks /_sdi 'me:(r)ks/ Mercosur customs union between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay mair-koh-soor /'me:(r)kaosoa(r)/ Mercouri, Melina Greek actress and politician
muh-lee-nuh muhr-koor-i /ma,li:na ma(r)'koari/ mercurial subject to unpredictable changes of mood mur-ky0or—i-uhl /ma:(r)'kjoaria1/ merde ‘shit’ (French) maird /me:(r)d[ mere Maori war club merr—i /‘meri/ Meredith, George English novelist and poet merr-uh-dith /'merad1B/ However, the usual Welsh pronunciation of surname is muh-red-ith.
merengue style of dance music merr-eng-gay /ms'rs1]ge1/ mereology philosophical study
merr-i-ol-uh-ji /,msr1'nlad3i,' meretricious attractive but having no real value merr-uh-trish-uhss /_mera'tr1_fasf merganser diving duck
mur-gan-suhr /ma:(r)'gansa(r)/ merguez spicy beef and lamb sausage
mur-gez /ma:(r)'gez/
Mérida | Messina
24-9 Mérida city, Spain
mair-id-uh /'me:rida{, ['merioa] v Established anglicization meridian circle of constant longitude
muh~rid-i-uhn /m3'I'ldi8n/
meridional in the south muh-rid-i-uh-nuhl /ma'r1dianal/ meringue baked sugar and egg whites
muh-rang /me'ran/ merino breed of sheep muh-ree-noh /ma'ri:nao/ meritocracy government by people selected according to merit
merr-it-ok-ruh-si /,msr1'tokrasi/ meritorious deserving reward or praise
merr-it-aw-ri-uhss /,mer|'t:>:rias/ Merkel, Angela German stateswoman ang-gel-uh mair-kuhl /,a13gsla
'me:(r)kal/ merlon solid part of a crenellated
parapet mur-luhn /'me:(r)lan,/ Merlot Wine grape
mu r-loh /ma:(r)'lao/ Meroe ancient city, Sudan
merr-oh-i /'msraoi/ Merope Greek mythological character
merr-uh-pi /'mcrapi/ Merovingian Frankish dynasty of medieval Europe merr-uh-vin-ji—uhn /,mera'v|nd3ian/ Mersa Matruh town, Egypt
mur-suh muh-troo /_ma:(r)sa ma'tru:/ Mersey river, England
mur—zi /'me:(r)zi/ Mersin port, Turkey mair-sin /me:(r)'s1n/
may-dam /mer'dam/
mesembryanthemum plant muh-zem-bri-anth-uh-muhm /ma_zembri'anBamam/ Meshal, Khaled see Mashal, Khaled Meshed see Mashhad meshuga (also meshugga) crazy (Yiddish) muh-shuug-uh /ma'_1‘oga/
meshuggener crazy person (Yiddish) muh-shuug-uh-nuhr /ma'Iogana(r)/ Mesic, Stjepan Croatian president
styep-an mess-itch /_stjepan 'mes1t_1‘/ Mesmer, Franz Anton Austrian physician
frants an-ton mez-muhr /,frants ,antnn 'mezma(r)/ mesmeric causing a person to become transfixed
mez-merr-ik /msz'merrk/ Mesnes region near Wigan, England maynz lmelnzf meson subatomic particle
mee-zon /'mi:znn/ Mesopotamia ancient region, Asia
mess-uh-puh-tay-mi-uh /,mssapa'te1mia/ mesothelioma cancer mez-oh-thee-Ii-oh-muh ,/,mz»:zeo,Bi:li'eoma/ Mesozoic geological era mess-uh-zoh-ik /,mesa'zau1k/ mesquite tree
mesk-eet /ma'ski:t/ Messalina (also Messallina) Roman empress
mess-uh-lee-nuh /,mesa'li:na/ Messerschmidt, Willy German
Merthyr Tydfil town, Wales
aircraft designer
mur-thuhr tid-vil /,ma:(r)9a(r) 'tIdv|l/ mesa flat—topped hill may-suh /'me1sa,'
vil-i mess~uhr-shmit /_v11i 'mssa(r),_lm1t/
mésalliance unsuitable marriage
mez-al-i-uhnss /mt:'zalians/ mescalin (also mescaline) hallucinogenic compound mesk-uh—lin /‘meskal|n/ Less commonly also mesh:-uh-leen with the latter spelling.
mesclun green salad
mesk-loon /mes'klu:n/ Mesdames plural form of Madame
Messiaen, Olivier French composer
ol-eev-yay mess-yah(ng) /oli:_vjei me'sj:re1z/ morganatic denoting a marriage in which one spouse has no claim to the other’s possessions mor-guh-nat-ik /_mo:(r)ga'natik/ Morgan le Fay legendary enchantress mor—guhn luh fay /,mo:(r)gan1a 'fe1/ MORI Market and Opinion Research International
morr-i /'mnri/ moribund at the point of death
morr-i-bund /'I’I1D1‘IbAl‘Id/ Miirike, Eduard German poet
ayd-wart moe-rik-uh /,erdwo:(r)t 'me:rIka/ Morisco Spanish Moor
muh-risk-oh /ma'r1skeu/ Morisot, Berthe French painter
bairt morr-iz-oh /,be:(r)tmor1'zau/ Mormon member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints m0r—rnuhn /‘mo:(r)man/ mornay served in a cheese-flavoured white sauce mor-nay /'mo:(r)ne1 I
Morocco country muh-rok-oh /ma'rnkau/ Moroni capital of Comoros muh—r0h-ni /ma'rauni/
Morpeth town, England mor-puhth /'mo:(r)paEl/
Morpheus | Mostar
260
Top ten most frequently asked questions The following list gives examples of the words and names we are asked about the most, both by BBC programme makers and by members of the audience. Look up each individual entry for the Pronunciation Unit recommendation! BaslefBasel Roosevelt 1 Boudicca
cervical Niger al-Qaeda
Morpheus Roman mythological
character
morf-yooss ]'mo:(r)fju:s/
Commonly at-go .s.;i_fiiJis;. I if if C morphine drug mor-feen /'mo:(r)fi:n/ Morpurgo, Michael English children’s writer
mor-pur-goh /m:>:(r)'pa:(r)gau/ Morricone, Ennio Italian composer
en-yoh morr-i-koh-nay /,enjau mnri'kaone1,l mortadella Italian sausage mor—tuh-del-uh /,mo:(r)ta'de1a/ mortgage loan
mor-gij /'mo:(r)g1d3/ mosaic picture produced by arranging tiles moh-zay-ik /mau'ze11k/ moscato Italian dessert wine
mosk-ah-toh /mo'sku:tao/ Moschino Italian fashion label
mosk-ee~noh /mn'ski:nao/ Moscow capital of Russia
scone
\
Shrewsbury Van Gogh Uranus
\~
m0Sk—0h /'mnskao/ Established anglicization; AM commonly mosk-ow. The Russian name is Moskva,
pronounced muhsk-vah.
Mose] river, Europe
moh—zuhl /‘meuze1/ This is the German pronunciation; the river
also runs through France, where the spelling is Moselle and the pronunciation is moz-el. Wine of the same name is produced in both
countries.
moshav cooperative association of Israeli smallholders
moh-shahv /rnao'j'o:v/ Moslem see Muslim Mosley, Oswald English fascist leader
mohz-Ii /'maoz1i/ Mossad Israeli secret intelligence service
moss-ad /m1:>'sad/ Miissbaner eifeet chemical nuclear elfect
moess-bow-uhr /‘moesbaoa(r)/ Mostar city, Bosnia—Herzegovina most-a r /'mostc1:(r)/
Mosul l mudra
261
Mosul city, Iraq moo-suhl ,l'mu:sal/
Moygashel trademark type of Irish linen moy-gash—uhl /mo1'ga_[al/
Commonly also moh-suhl, which is
Mozambique country
becoming an established anglicization. Our
moh-zam~beek /_maozam'bi:k/ Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
recommendation is based on the advice of
Iraqi Arabic speakers.
motet short piece of sacred choral music mo h-tet /mau'tet,' motif decorative image moh-teef /mau'ti:f/ motjuste appropriate word
moh zhuest /,mau '3yst/' Moto, Severo Equatorial Guinean statesman
sev-air-oh mot-oh /ss,ve:rau 'mntau/
Austrian composer
volf-gang am-uh-day-uuss moht-sart /,\/ulfgan 3m9,d€IUS 'maotsu:(r)t/ mozzarella cheese mot-suh-rel-uh /,mntsa'raIa/ MPEG international standard for encoding and compressing video images
em-P99 /'smp8s/ Mpumalanga province, South Africa
uhm-poo-muh-Iang-guh /am,pu:ma'langa/
motorcade procession of motor vehicles moh-tuhr-kayd /'maota(r)ke1d,f
mridangam drum
Motown trademark type of music moh-town /'maotaun/
uhm-rid-ung—guhm lemrrdiingaml Ms woman’s title
motte mound forming the site of a castle
mot /mot/ moue pouting expression
moo /mu:/ moules lnariniere mussels cooked in a
wine and onion sauce mool marr-in-yair /_mu:l mar1n'js:(r)/ Mouli trademark kitchen utensil moo-Ii /'mu:li/ Moulin Rouge cabaret in Montmartre, Paris moo-la(ng) |’OOZh /_mu:lE: 'ru:3/
mountebank person who deceives others mown-tuh-bank /'mauntaba:]k/ Mount Isa town, Australia y-Zuh /'ntza/
Mourne Mountains range of hills, Northern Ireland morn /mo:(r)n/ moussaka (also mousaka) Greek dish moo-sah-kuh /mu:'su:ka/
mousseline fine fabric mooss-leen /'mu:sli:n/ mousseux sparkling moo-soe /mu:'so/ Mowgli character in The Jungle Boole
mow-gli /'maugli/ Various sources indicate that this is the pronunciation Kipling would have used, although the name was pronounced
moh-gli in the Disney film.
muhz /maz/ MSS manuscripts
em-ess-iz /sm'es1z,' Mswati Swazi king
uhm-swat-i /em‘swati/ mu letter of the Greek alphabet
myoo /mju:/ Mubarak, Hosni Egyptian statesman
huuss-ni moo-bar-uhk /,husni mu:'hn:rak/ Mucha, Alphonse Czech painter and designer al-fonss muukh—uh /_alfnns 'moxa/ muchacha ‘young woman’ (Spanish)
moo-chatch-uh /mu:'t_[atIa/ muchacho ‘young man‘ (Spanish) moo-chatch-oh /mu:'tIatIau/ Muchinga Mountains mountain range, Zambia
moo-ching-guh ,'mu:'tIn]ge/ mucho ‘much' or ‘many’ (Spanish) muutch-oh /'mutIao/ mucosa pl. mucosae mucous membrane
myoo-koh-suh, pl. myoo-koh-see /mjufikausa/, pl. /-si:/ Mudejar pl, Mudejares Gothic-Islamic architectural style
moo—day-khar, pl. moo-day-khar-ayss /mu:dei'xu:(r)/, pl. /-reis/ mudra symbolic hand gesture used in
Indian dance mud-ruh /'ITlA(ll‘8/
muesli I Munch, Edvard muesli cereal mixture mooz-Ii /‘muzzli/'
Sometimes also myooz-Ii; both are anglicizations ofthe German word milisli, pronounced rnuess-Ii ['my:sIi]. muezzin man who calls Muslims to prayer
moo-ez-in /mu:'szm/ mufii plain clothes /'mAfti/
Mugabe, Robert Zimbabwean statesman
muug-ah-bi /mu'ga:bi/ Mughal Muslim dynasty of Mongol origin
moog-uhl /'mu:ga1/ Muhajiroun, al- extremist Islamic group
uhl muu-haj-irr-oon /al mo,had31'ru:n/
Muhammad (also Mohammed) Arab prophet and founder of Islam moh-ham-uhd /mao‘hamad/ Muhammad All see Ali, Muhammad Muharram Islamic month
muh-hurr-uhm /l'I18'l1AI‘3II1/ Muir, Jean English fashion designer
myoor /mjoa(r)/ Inujahidin (also mujahedin, mujaheddin, or mujahideen) guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries
moo-jah-huh-deen /,mu:d3a:ha'di:n/ Mujibur Rahman Bangladeshi statesman
muuj—ee—bo0r rakh-mahn /mo,d3i:bua(r) rax'mo:n/ Mukalla port, Yemen muuk-al-uh /mo'ka1a/ mukhtar Arab head of local government muukh-tar /'moxtu:(r)/ mukluk high, soft boot muk-luk /'m1\klAk/ muktuk whale blubber muk-tuk /'m.\ktAk,' Muldoon, R0bBl't New Zealand
statesman
mui-doon /IT1Al'dI.1Il'l;' mulefa creature in Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials muul-ef-uh /mu'lsfa/ Mulhacén mountain, Spain moo-lath-en /,mu:la'Bsn/
262 Miilhflim city, Germany
muel-hym /'my:1h1um/
Mulhouse city, France muel-ooz /my‘lu:z/ 'I'he German name of this city in
i
I
Alsace-Lorraine is Miihlhausen, pronounced
muel~how-zuhn ['my:lhauzan]. rnnllah Muslim learned in Islamic theology
muul-luh /'mula,/
mullein plant mul—in /'mA1m/ Muller, Hermann Joseph American geneticist mul-uhr /'mA1a(r)/ Miiller, Johannes German anatomist and zoologist
yoh-han-uhss muel-uhr /jau,hanas 'mYla(r)/ muller grinding stone
mul-uhr /'mAIa(r)/ Miiller—Thurgau white wine grape
muel-uhr toor-gow /,lTlYl9(1") 'tua(r)gao/
mulligatawny spicy soup mul-ig-uh-taw-ni /_mAl1ga'to:ni/ Mullingar town, Republic of Ireland
mul-ing-gar /,mAl1n'go:(r)/ Mulroney, Brian Canadian statesman
mu|—r00—ni /mAl'ru:ni/ Multan city, Pakistan
muu|—tahn /mo1'tu:n/ multiparous having borne more than one child mul-tip-uh-ruhss /I1'lAl'lZIp6l‘8S/ multiply in several different ways mul-tip-Ii /'I‘[‘lAl.iIpli/ multivalent having many applications mu!-ti-vay-iuhnt /,mAlti've1lant/ multum in parvo a great deal in a small space
muul-tuhm in par-voh /,mo1tam In 'po:(r)vau/ Mnlnbai city, India; also called Bombay muum—by /mum'b.\1/ mumpsimus traditional custom or idea adhered to although shown to be unreasonable mump-sim-uhss /'II1AII1pSIII13S/ Munch, Edvard Norwegian painter ed-vard muunk /,advo:(r)d 'munk/
263
Munchausen syndrome | muskellunge
Munchausen syndrome mental disorder in which a person feigns illness muuntch-ow-zuhn f'muntj‘,auzan/
Murmansk port, Russia moor-mansk /moa(r)'mansk/ Murnau, Friedrich (F.W.) German
Established anglicization. The German
film director
pronunciation of the original Baron Miinchhausen’s name (note the difference in
freed-rikh moor-now /_fri:dr11/ 4
Nevada state, US nuh-vah-duh ,'na'vu:de/
NI ‘daughter of' in lrish surnames nee /ni:/
NGVEPS city, France
niacin vitamin ny-uh-sin /'nA1os1n,'
nuh-vair /ne've:(r)/ Nevis island, Caribbean nee-viss /'ni:v1s/ Newark city, US and UK
nyoo-uhrk /‘nju:a(r)k/ Newcastle city, England ny00—kah—$uhl /'nju:ku:sal/ This is a standardized version of the place name; locally, the pronunciation is
nyoo-kass-uhl.
Newfoundland island, Canada nyoo-fuhnd-land j,nju:fand'land/ The stress can fall on all three syllables but this is the pronunciation preferred by
Newfoundlanders. However, the breed of dog is usually nyoo-fownd-luhnd.
Ne Win Burmese politician nay win /,ne1 'WlI'1/ New Orleans city, US nyoo or-Ii-uhnz /nju: 'o:(r)lianz/ Other pronunciations are also heard; this
stress placement is the most common in both BR and AM.
Newry city, Northern Ireland
nyoor-i /'njuari/ Nez Percé North American ethnic group nez pair-say /_nsz 'ps:(r)se1/ Ng Cantonese family name "9 /'11/ ngaio New Zealand tree
ny-oh /'n1\1ao/
Niagara Falls city and waterfalls, Canada/US
ny-ag-ruh fnaragral Niamey capital of Niger
nyah-may /nju:'me1/ Niamh Irish girl’s name
neev lnizvf Nibelung mythological dwarf nee~buh-luung /'ni:balun/
Nibelungenlied German poem nee-buh-luung-uhn-leet /'ni:be1oi]an_1i:t/
Nicaea ancient city, Asia Minor
ny-see-uh /mu'si:a/ Nicam digital sound format ny-kam /'I1AIl(8I1'l/
Nicaragua country nik—uh-rag—yuu—uh /_n1ka'ragjua,/ Spanish [nikzrraywa] Established anglicization. A pronunciation closer to the Spanish, nik-uh-rag-wuh, is also common, and nik-uh-rah-gwuh is typical of AM.
NICE National Institute for Clinical
Excellence nyss /n1us/ Nice city, France neeSS Jnizsl
Nicene Creed Christian text ny-seen /'n1usi:n,'
niche I Njal
272
niche recess
Nike Greek goddess, also a sportswear company ny-ki /‘nnlkif Nikkei stock market index
neesh ___,_/‘L1i-I,’
AM is nitch.
Nichiren Buddhist sect
nik-ay /‘mke1/
nish-uh-ruhn /'n1Iaran,/ Nicklaus, Jack American golfer nik-luhss /'n1klas/
nil desperandum ‘don’t give up‘ (Latin)
nil desp-uh-ran-duhm /‘ml _daspa'randam/
Nicobar island group, India
nimbostratus cloud
nik-uh-bar /'nIkabo:(r)/ nicoise salad nee-swahz /ni:'swc1:z/ Nicosia capital of Cyprus nik-uh-see-uh /,n1ka'si:a/
nim-boh-strah-tuhss /,nImbao'stru:tes/ NIMBY Not In My Back Yard nim-bi /'n1mbi,' Nimes city, France
Niemiiller, Martin German pastor
neem /ni:m/
mar-teen nee-moel-uhr /_mu:(r)ti:n 'ni:mcele(r)/ Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore French
Nin, Anais French writer
an-uh-eess neen /ana,i:s 'ni:n/ Nineveh ancient city, Assyria
inventor
nin-uh-vuh /‘n1nava/ Ningria autonomous region, China
zhoh-zef nee-say-for nyeps /3au'zef ni:sei_f:::(r) 'njcps/
ning-shyah /_nn]'Ijo:/
Niersteiner white wine
neer-shty-nuhr /'l"ll3(I‘)__ftAll'18(I‘)/ Nietzsche, Friedrich German philosopher
Ninian, St Scottish bishop nin-i-uhn /'n1nian/ Niobe Greek mythological name ny-uh-bi /'IlAl8l)l/ niobium chemical element ny—oh~bi—uhm /mu'aubiam,I Nipissing district, Canada
freed-rikh neet-shuh /_fri:dric ‘ninja! Niflheim Nordic mythological underworld niv-uhl-haym /'n1valhe|m/ Established anglicization. The Icelandic
nip-iss-ing /'nlpISIl]/
version of the name, Niflhcimr, is
NIREX Nuclear Industry Radioactive
pronounced nee-buhl-hay-muhr. Nigel‘ country
ynee-zhair /ni:'3e:(r)/
W
W
An older, more anglicized pronunciation ny-juhr is also heard, but we no longer
recommend this.
Niger river, Africa
ny-juhr /'n.ud3a(r)/ Nigeria country
ny—jeer-i-uh /TlAI'fl3I8I‘l3/ nihilism philosophy
ny-il-iz-u hm /'I'lAIllIZ8lTl/ Niigata port, Japan
nee-gat-uh /'ni:gata/ Nijinsky, Vaslav Russian dancer vass-luhf nizh-in-ski /,vaslef n1'31nski/ Sometimes anglicized to nij-in-ski.
Nijmegen lZOW‘I1, Netherlands
ny-may-guhn /'nA|me1gan/, ['ncime:va(n)]
Waste Executive ny—reks /'l‘1AII‘El{S/ nirvana transcendent state neer-vah-nuh /ma(r)'vo:na/ Nis (also Nish) city, Serbia
neesh /ni:]‘/ nisi legal term ny-sy /'l'1AISAI/ Niteroi port, Brazil
nee-tuh-roy /_ni:ta'r:>1/ nitrogen chemical element ny-truh-juhn /'nn1trad3an/ Niue island, New Zealand
ni-00-ay /ni'u:e1/ Nilliniy Novgorod port, Russia
nizh-ni nov-guh-rod /,n13n1 'novgarod/, [,n1i3ni 'n:)vgarat] I Established anglicization. Njal Icelandic mythological character
nyowl /njaul/
Nk1'umah,Kwame | nous
273
Nkrumah, Kwame Ghanaian politician
kwam-i ng—kroo-muh /,kwami 1]'kru:me/ Nobel, Alfred Swedish chemist
al-fred noh-bel /,a1fred nau'bel/ Stress
shifts to the first syllable
in the phrase ‘Nobel Prize’: noh-bel pryz.
nobelium chemical element noh-bee-Ii-uhm /nao'bi:l1am/ noblesse oblige aristocratic duty n0h—ble5s uh-bleezh /naU,b1es a'bli:3/ Noll (also N0) Japanese theatre noh /nao/
noisette piece of meat nwaz-et /nwa‘zst/ noisome smelly
Noriega, Manuel Panamanian statesman
man-we! norr-i~ay-guh /man_wa1 ,nnr1'e1ge/ N01-rkiiping city, Sweden nor-shoe-ping /'no:(r),j‘o:p113/ Northampton town, England nor-thamp-tuhn /n:>:(r)'9ampten/ Northumberland county, England nor-thum-buhr-luhnd /l'lOZ(I‘)'9AI‘l'1b8(I‘)l9I1Cl/ Norway country nor-way /'no:(r)weI/ Established anglicization. The Norwegian
name is Norge, pronounced nor-guh.
noy-su hm /'no1sam/ Nokia telecommunications company
n0k—i—uh /'nnkia/ noli me tangere ‘d0n’t touch me’ (Latin)
noh-Ii may tang-guh-ray /,nauli met 'ta13gereI/ Other pronunciations are possible; see LATIN paneh
nolle prosequi legal term nol-i pr0ss—uh—kWy /,nnl1 'prnsekwA1/ Nolte, Nick American actor nohl-ti /‘neulti/ nom de guerre assumed name nom duh gair /,nnm do 'gs:(r)/
nom de plume pen name nom duh ploom /,nnm do 'p1u:m/ Nome city, US noh m /naom/ nomenclature naming nuh-men-kluh-chuhr /ne'ms1] k1atIe(r)/ AM is noh-muhn-klay-chpuhfr.
naw-ri /'n:>:ri,'
_ T
nonagon nine-sided shape non-uh-guhn /'n'onagan/ nonchalant relaxed
non-shuh-luhnt /'nnn_\"a1ant,' nonpareil matchless
non-puh-rayl /,nnnpe're11/ non sequitur illogical statement non 5ek—Wi—tuhr /non 'sekw1ta(r)/ Nootka Canadian ethnic group nuut-kuh /'notka/ nori edible seaweed
Norwalk Virus virus causing gastroenteritis
nor-wawk /'n:1:(r)w0:k/ Norwich city, England
norr-ij /'nnrId3/ Nosferatu vampire noss-fuh-rah—t00 /,nr)sfe'ru:tu:/ Nostradamus French astrologer noss-truh-dah-muhss /,nnstra'd:'ranja,sto:t/
Oregon state, US orr-uh—guhn /'nragen/
oratorio large-scale musical work
uh~rel /a'rel/ Orenburg city, Russia orr—uhn—burg /'nranba:(r)g,' Oreo trademark American chocolate biscuit aw—ri-oh /'o:riao/' Oresteia play trilogy by Aeschylus
0-ruh-tor-i-oh /'ora'to:riao/ oratory small chapel orr-uh-tuh-ri /'oretari/ Orbison, Roy American singer roy or-biss-uhn /_ro1 ':J:(r)b1san,'
orca whale
orr-est-y-uh /nras'tma/
or-kuh /'o:(r)kaj Orcadian relating to the Orkney Islands
or-kay-di-uhn /o:(r)'kerdian/ Orcagna, Andrea Italian painter and architect
an-dray-uh or-kah-nyuh /an'dreIe :>:(r)'k0.:nja,' orchitis inflammation of the testicles or-ky-tiss /(JI(I‘)'kAIlZIS/ Orczy, Emmuska Hungarian-British novelist
em-uush-kuh ort-si /,smo1‘ka 'a:(r)tsi/ ordinand trainee priest
or-di-nand /'o:(r)dmand;'
ordinarily usually or-duh-nuh—ril-i /'o:(r)danar11i/ Commonly also or-di-nair-il-i.
ordinary usual
or-fclguh-nun-ri /'o:(r)danari/ Reduced pronunciations
ord-nulilri
or ord-uhn-ri are common, and or-din-err-i is also possible.
ordinate mathematical line or-di-nuht ,I'o:(r)dmat/ Ordnance Survey organization which produces maps
ord-nuhnss sur-vay /,:>:(r)dnans 'sa:(r)ve1/ Ordovician geological period or-duh-vish-i-uhn /,:):(r)da'v1_\‘ian/ ordure excrement
or-dyuur /':J:(r)djoa(r)/ Orebro city, Sweden
oe-ruh-broo /_(e:ra'bru:/
Orel city, Russia
Orestes Greek mythological character
orr-est-eez /n'ri-:sti:z/ flresund (also Oresund) strait between Sweden and Denmark
oe-ruh-suund /,oe:ra'sund/ orfe fish
orf /0:(r)f[ Orfeo ed Euridice opera by Gluck
or-fay-oh ed ay-oo-rid~ee-chay /o:(r)'fe1ao ed e1u:r1'di:tj‘e1/ Orfl‘, Carl German composer karl orf /,ko:(r)l 'o:(r)f/ organdie cotton fabric or-guhn-di /':i:(r)gandi/ organum type of polyphonic music or-guh-nuhm /':>:(r)ganam/ organza dress fabric or-gan-zuh /o:(r)'ganza/ orgone excess life force or—gohn /'o:(r)gaun/ oriel large upper-storey bay with a window
aw-ri-uhl /‘:>:ria1/ orifice opening
orr-if-iss /'nr1f1s/ origami Japanese art of folding paper orr-ig—ah-mi /,or1'gu:mi/ Origen Christian scholar and theologian orr-ij-uhn /‘m"rd3en/ Orinoco river, South America
orr-in-oh-koh ]_nr1'n9okao/ oriole bird aw-ri-ohl /'o:riao1/_ Orion constellation
uh-ry—uhn /8'I‘AI8I'l/
orison | osmium
281
orison prayer orr-iz-uhn /‘or1zan;‘
Orissa state, India uh-riss-uh /a'risa/ Orkneys islands, Scotland ork-neez /'o:(r)kni:z/
Orlando city, US or-Ian-doh /o:(r)‘landao/ Orleans city, France or-lay-ah(ng) /o:(r)le1'fi/ Less commonly anglicized to or-lee-uhnz, which is the pronunciation used for the place of the same name in Quebec. See also
NEW ottusaus.
Orlnazd Zoroastrian god
or-muhzd /'o:(r)mezd/ ormolu metal alloy
or-muh-loo /'a:(r)ma1u:/ ornery bad—tempered
or-nuh-ri /':>:(r)neri/ ornithology study of birds
or-nith-ol-uh-ji /,0:(r)n1‘6nlad3i/ orography branch of geography dealing with mountains
orr-og-ruh~fi /n'rngrafi/ Oromo member of an East African ethnic group
orr-uh-moh /'nramao/ Orontes river, Asia
uh-ron-teez /a'runti:z/ oropharynx part of the throat
aw-roh-farr-inks /,o:rao'far1nks/ orotund imposing orr-oh-tund /'I)l“8UtAl'lCl/ orpharion stringed instrument or-farr-i-uhn /o:(r)'farian/ Orpheus Greek mythological character
or-fyooss /'o:(r)fju:s/ Commonly also or-fi-uhss.
Less commonly also or-thoh-ep-i or or-thoh-ee-pi. We find it ironic that the pronunciation of this word is so variable.
orthogrlathous having a jaw which does not project forwards
or-thog-nuh-thuhss /o:(r)'9ngna9as,I orthogonal involving right angles or-thog—uh-nuhl [o:(r)'6ngenal/ orthography spelling system or-thog-ruh-fi /:i:(r)'Bngrafi/ orthopaedics branch of medicine dealing with bones or muscle deformity or-thuh-pee-diks /_o:(r)6a'pi:d1ks/ orthosis pl. orthoses splint or brace
or-thoh-siss, pl. or-thoh-seez /o:(r)'6eos1s/, pl. /-si:z/
ortolan bird or-tuh-luhn /‘o:(r)talan/ Oruro city, Bolivia uh-roo-roh /a‘ru:rao/ Orvieto town, Italy
or-vyay-toh /o:(r)'vje1tau/ oryx antelope
orr-iks /‘nriks/ orzo small pieces of pasta ort-soh /':>:(r)tsao/ Osaka port, Japan
oh-sah-kuh /au'sa:ka/ ' See Japanese panel. oscillate move in a regular rhythm oss-il-ayt /'ns1le|t/ oscular relating to kissing
osk-yuul-uhr /'nskjo1a(r)/ Osh city, Kyrgyzstan
osh /nI/ Oshawa city, Canada osh-uh-wuh /'nIewa/
osier willow
orrery model of the solar system orr-uh-ri /'Drari/
oh-zi-uhr /'auzia(r),I Osijek city, Croatia 05$-i-yek /'osrjek/
ortanique citrus fruit
Osiris Egyptian god
or-tuh-neek /,o:(r)to'ni:k/ Ortega, Daniel Nicaraguan statesman
dan-yel or-tay-guh /dan,jsl 0:(r)'te1ga/ orthodontics treatment of dental irregularities or—thuh—don-tiks /,o:(r)6a'dnnt1ks/ orthoepy correct or accepted
pronunciation of words or-thoh-uh-pi /o:(r)'8auapi/
oh-sy-riss /ao'sA1r1s/ Oslo capital of Norway oz-loh /'nz1eo/, ['us1u] ~ Established anglicization. Osman I Turkish founder of the Ottoman empire
oz-muhn /'nzman/ osmium chemical element oz-mi-uhm /'uzmiam/
osmosis | Ottoman osmosis process of diffusion oz-moh-siss /nz'maos1s/ Osnabriick city, Germany
oz-nuh-bruuk /'nznabrok/, [,asna'brYk] osnaburg coarse linen oz-nuh-burg /'nznabe:(r)g/ osprey bird of prey Osp—ri /'nspri/ Less commonly also osp-ray.
Ossetia region, Caucasus oss-et-i-uh /os'etis/ An older anglicized pronunciation, uh-see-Shuh, is given in various reference
works. Our research has indicated that the pronunciation we recommend, which is
closer to the Russian, is more acceptable.
Ossi citizen of the former German Democratic Republic
oss-i /'nsi/ Ossian legendary Irish bard; also called Oisin 05$-i—uhn fusion] ossify turn into bone
OSS-i-fy /'ns1fn1/ osso buoo Italian dish made of shin of veal
oss-oh boo-koh /,nsao 'bu:kau/ ossuary receptacle for bones
oss-yoo-uh-ri /"nsjueri/ Ostade, Adriaen Van Dutch painter
and engraver ah—dri-ahn vun ost-ah-duh /'o:dric1:n VAI1 n'stu:da/ Ostend port, Belgium ost-end /n'stsnd/ ostensible appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
ost-en-sib-uhl /n'stsns1bal/
ostentatious showy 0st-en-tay-shuhss /,nsten'te1_\‘es/ Osteomyelitis inflammation of bone or bone marrow
ost-i-oh-my-uh-ly—tiss /,DSti8Ul'IlAI3'lAItIS/ osteopathy branch of complementary medicine 0st—i—0p—uh-thi /,nsti'npa6i/
osteoporosis medical condition ost-i-oh-puh-roh~siss /,nstiaupa‘raos1s/
282
Ostia ancient city, Italy ost-i-uh /'nst1a,' ostinato pl. ostinati repeated musical phrase
ost-in-ah-toh, pl. ost-in-ah-ti /_nst1'nu:tao/, pl. /-'nd:ti/ - Standard -s plural is also possible. ostler person employed to look after guests’ horses 055-luhr /'nslo(r),' Ostpolitik foreign policy of détente with the former communist bloc
ost-pol-it-eek /'nstpnli,ti:k/ ostracize exclude
ost-ruh-syz /'nstras1i1z/ Ostrava city, Czech Republic ost-ruh-vuh /'ostrava,~' Ostrogoth member of an ancient people 0st-ruh-goth /'nstragn6,' Ostwald, Friedrich German physical chemist
freed-rikh ost-valt /,fri:dric 'ostvalt/ 0§Wi¢Cim town, Poland; site of
Auschwitz concentration camp osh-vyen-cheem /o_\"vji=:ntIi:m/ Otago region, New Zealand
ot-ah-goh /o'tu:gao,' otaku young people highly skilled in computer technology oh-tah-koo /ao'tci:ku:/ otiose serving no practical purpose oh-ti-ohss /'8Utl9US]' otolog: study of the ear oh-tol-uh-ji ,'au'tn1ad3i/ Otomanguean family of American Indian languages
oh-tuh-mang-gi-uhn /,auta'mangian/ otorhinolaryngology study ofdiseases
of the ear, nose, and throat
oh-toh-ry-noh-larr-in-gol-uh-ji /,aotau_r.unao_lar1n'gnlad3i,' Otranto strait between Italy and Albania Oh-tran-toh /'aotranteu/ Ottawa city, Canada
ot-uh-wuh ,f‘I)tewe/ ottocento relating to the 19th century in
Italy not-oh-chen-toh /,ntao't_[sntao/ Otzi mummified Stone Age man, discovered in Austria
oet-si /'cetsi/ Ottoman Turkish dynasty ot-uh-muhn /'ntamon/
283
Ouagadougou l Ozymandias
Oudenarde town and battle site, Belgium oo-duh-nard /'u:danci:(r)d/, Flemish ['oudanu:rde]
ov—id /'nv1d/ Oviedo city, Spain ov-yay-thoh /,nv'jer6ao/ ovine relating to sheep oh-vyn /'oovn1n/ ovulate discharge ova from the ovary ov-yu ui-ayt /'nvjulert/ ovum pl. ova female reproductive cell oh-vuhm, pl. oh-vuh /':(r) 'nste1k,' I See GAELIC panel. Sabine ancient Italian ethnic group sab-yn /'sabA1n/ Sabine river, US
suh-been /sa'bi:n/ Sabin vaccine
say-bin /'seIbm/ sabot clog shoe sab-oh /sa'bao/ sabotage deliberately destroy sab-uh-tahzh /'sabatn:3/ saboteur person who engages in sabotage
sab-uh-tur /,sabo'to:(r)/‘ sabra Jew born in Israel
sab-ruh /'sabra/ Sabreur cavalryman using a sabre
sab-rur /sa'bre:(r)/ sabzi vegetables (Indian)
sub-zi /‘SAlJZl/ Sacajawea American Indian woman
explorer
sak-uh-juh-wee-uh /,sakad3o'wi:o/ The spelling and translation of her name are disputed; the less common spelling
Sacagawea is pronounced either as above or
as sak-ag-uh-wee-uh.
saccade rapid movement ofthe eye sak-ahd /sa'kn:d;' saccharin (also saccharine) sugar substitute
sak-uh-rin /'sakorm/ sacerdotal relating to priests
sass-uhr~d0h-tuhl /_sasa(r)'daotal/ Sometimes also sak-uhr-doh-tuhl or
satch-uhr-doh-tuhl.
sachem chief say-chuh m /'se1tIamf Sachertorte chocolate gateau zakh-uhr-tor-tuh /'zaxa(r),to:(r)ta/ Sachs, Hans German poet and
dramatist
hanss zaks /,hans 'zaks/ Sachsen see Saxony Sachsen-Anhalt see Saxony-Anhalt sackbut early musical instrument
sak-but /'sakbAt/ sacrament ceremony
sak-ruh-muhnt /'sakramant/
Sacramento | St Croix Sacramento river, US sak-ruh-men-toh /,sakra'msntao/
Sacranie, Iqbal Malawi-horn British Muslim campaigner
ik-bahl suh-krah-ni /,ll{l](1ZlS3'kI‘(1ZIll/ sacré blell French expression ofsurprise sak-ray bloe /,sakrei ‘blof sacrilege violation of something sacred sak-ril-ij /'sakrIl1d3/ sacristy room in a church sak-rist-i /'sakr1sti/ sacroiliac relating to the sacrum and the ilium
say-kroh-il-i-ak /,seikrao‘1liak/ sacrosanct too important to he
interfered with
sak-ruh-sankt /'sakrasankt/ sacrum hone in thc lower back say-kruhm /"SBIl(I‘8l’l'1/
Sadat, Anwar al- (also es-Sadat) Egyptian statesman
un-wuhr uh-suh-dat /,AllW8(l') asa'dat/ ~ See ARABIC panel. Saddam Hussein see Hussein, Saddam Sadducee member of a Jewish sect
sad—yuuss-ee /'sadjosi:/ Sade, Comte (18 French writer
338
suh-gay-shuhss /sa'ge1Ios/ sagacity wisdom
suh-gass-it-i /sa'gasIti/ Sagan, Carl American astronomer
say-guhn /'se1gan/ Sagan, Francoise French writer
frah(ng)-swah: sag-ah(ng) /frf1,sw(1:z sa'gt"1/ Sagitta small constellation
suh-jit-uh /sa‘d3ita/ Sagittarius large constellation saj-it-air-i-uhss /,sad3I'ts:rias/ sago edible starch
say-goh /'se1gau/ saguaro giant cactus
suh-gwah-roh /sa'gwo:rao/ Saguia el Hamra intermittent river, Western Sahara
suh-gee-uh el ham-ruh /'sa,gi:a sl ‘hamra/ Saba, Meghnad Indian physicist
mayg-nud suh—hah /_m6IQflAd sa'ho:/ Sahara desert, North Africa suh-har-uh /sa'hu:ra/
Sahel region, North Africa suh-hel /sa'hs1,I sahib Indian form of address for a man sahb /stub,’
ko(ng)t duh sahd /,k5t da 'su:df
Sometimes also sah-hib.
Sade Nigerian-born British singer
Sahiwal breed of cattle
shah-day /'Iu:de|/ sadhu Indian holy man sah-doo /'st1:du:/ Sidi (also Saadi) Persian poet
sah-dee /sn:'di:/ sadomasochism sexual practice
say-doh-mass-uh-kiz-uhm /,se1dao'masak1zam/ Sadr City city, Iraq
sad-uhr ,"sade(r)/ Sadr, Moqtada al- Iraqi Shia leader
mook-tad-uh uh-sad-uhr /mu:k_tada
sah-hiv-ahi /‘su:hivu:l/ sai Japanese dagger sy /san! Said, Edward Palestinian-American
critic
sah-eed /so:'i:d,' Saigon city, Vietnam sy—gon /s1\1'gon/ saint person acknowledged as holy
saynt /SBIl'IiI/' When ‘saint’ (or 'St’) appears before a name, it is usually pronounced suhnt.
a'sada(r)/ Safavid Persian dynasty saf-uh-vid /'safev1d/
St Albans city, England
Saffron Walden town, England
St Asapb city, Wales
saf-ruhn wawl-duhn /,safren 'w:>:idan,' saga long story sah-guh j'su:ga/ sagacious having good judgement
suhnt awl-buhnz /sant 'o:lbanz/
suhnt ass-uhf /sent 'asaf/ St Briavels village, England suhnt brev-uhlz /sant 'brevalzj St Croix island, Caribbean
suhnt kroy /sant 'kro1/
Saint—Denis I Saladin
339 Saint-Denis suburb, Paris
sa(ng) duh-nee /,sé da'ni:/ Sainte-Beuve, Charles French critic and writer
sharl sa(ng)t boev /_j‘u:(r)l set 'boev/ St-Emilion tovm, France
sa(ng)t ay-mil-yo(ng) /,sét e1m1l'j5/ St—Etienne an industrial city in SE central France, south-west of Lyons
sa(ng)t ay-tyen /,sét ei'tjan/ Saint-Exupéry, Antoine dc French writer and aviator
ah(ng)-twahn duh sa(ng)t eg-zue-pay-ree /6._two:n da sét sgzypei'ri:/ St Gotthard Pass mountain pass in the Alps suhnt got-uhrd /sent 'gnta(r)d/, German [zankt '9othart] ' Established anglicization. St Helena island, South Atlantic
suhnt huh-lee-nuh /sent ha‘li:na/ ~ See also Helena, St. St Helier capital of Jersey
suhnt hel-i-uhr /sent 'hslia(r)/ St Kilda island group, Scotland suhnt kil-duh /sent 'kllda/
Saint Laurent, Yves French couturicr
eev sa(ng) lorr-ah(ng) /,i:v ,sE1n'rfi/ St Leger horse race
suhnt lej-uhr /sent 'lsd3a(r)/ St Lucia country, Caribbean suhnt loosh—uh /sant 'lu:_[a/ St-Malo port, France
sa(ng) mah-loh /sé ma:'lau/ St Martin island, Caribbean
sa(ng) mar-ta(ng) /sf: ma:(r)'té/ St Moritz resort, Switzerland
sa(ng) morr-its /sé mn'r1ts/ St-Nazaire port, France
sa(ng) naz-air /sé na'zs:(r)/ St Petersburg city, Russia
suhnt peet-uhrz-burg /sent ‘pi:ta(r)zba:(r)g/, [sankt
p*1t*rr'burk] ~ Established anglicization. St Piilten city, Austria zarikt poel-tuhn /zankt 'pce1tan/
Saint-Saens, Camille French composer
kam-ee sa(ng) sah(ng)ss /ka,mi: sé 'sf1s/
- See rnzucn panel. Saint-Simon, Comte de French social reformer
ko(ng)t duh sa(ng) see-mo(ng) /,k5t do ,s€: si:'m5/ St S0[)lli&\. Byzantine monument
suhnt soh-fee-uh /sent sao'fi:e/ St-Tropez resort, France sa(ng) troh-pay /_sé trau'pe1/ St Vincent island, Caribbean suhnt Vin—suhnt /sent 'v1nsant/ Saipan islands, Pacific sy-pan /sA1'pan,I saith says (archaic third person singular)
seth /sa6/ saithe fish sayth /se16/ Saiva branch of modern Hinduism Sy-vuh ,f'sA1va/ Sakai city, Japan sah-ky /'so:k1\1/ Sakamoto, Ryuichi Japanese composer
ryoo-itch-i sak-uh-moh-toh /,rju:|t_[i saka‘maotao/ Sake Japanese alcoholic drink sak-ay /'sake|j saker large Eurasian falcon say-kuhr /'se1ka(r)/ Sakha, Republic Ofofficial name for
Yakutia
sah-kuh /'sc1:ka/ Sakhalin island, Russia sak-uh-leen /.saka'li:n/ Sakharov, Andrei Russian physicist and civil rights campaigner and-ray sakh-uh-ruhf /an_dre1 ‘saxarafl Saki British short-story writer
sah-ki /'su:ki/ salaam aleikum greeting in many
Arabic-speaking and Muslim countries
suh-Iahm uh—lay-kuum /sa,lu:m a'le1kom/
salaiciolls unduly interested in sex
suh-lay-shuhss /sa'leiIas/ Saladin sultan of Egypt and Syria
sal-uh-din /'salad1n/ Established anglicization of Salah al-Din, an Arabic honorific title for which an acceptable anglicized pronunciation would be sal-ah-uh-din.
Salafi I Saltillo Salafi member of an orthodox Muslim sect
suh-Iah-fi /sa'lo:fi/ salal heather plant suh-lal /sa'lal/ Salam, Abdus Pakistani physicist ab-duuss suh-lahm /,abdos sa'lu:m/ Salamanca city, Spain sal-a m-ank-uh /,sala'mar]ka/ salamander newt-like amphibian
sal-uh-man-duhr /'sala,manda(r)/ Salamis island, Greece sal-uh-miss /'sa1am1s/ salat ritual prayer of Muslims sal-aht /sa'Io:t/
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira Portuguese statesman
an-ton-yoo di ol-iv-ay-ruh suh-luh-zar /an,tnnju: di nlrvelra sala'zo:(r)/ salbutamol synthetic compound related to aspirin
sal-hyoo-tuh-mol /sal'bju:tamnl/ salchow jump in figure skating
Sal-koh /‘salkao/ Salem city, US say-luhm /'SBll8ITl/ Salerno port, Italy sal-air-noh /sa'ls:(r)nao/ Salesian relating to St Francis de Sales suh-lee-zi-uhn /sa'li:zian/ Salford city, England sawl-fuhrd /'s0:Lfa(r)d/ salicional organ stop
suh-lish-uh—nuhl /sa'11,|‘anal/ salicylic acid bitter compound
sal-iss-il-ik /,sah'sil1k/ salient most noticeable or important
say-Ii-uhnt /'se11iant/ Salieri, Antonio Italian composer
an-tohn-yoh sal-yair-i /an_taunjau sa1‘j‘s:ri/ salina salt lake or marsh suh-ly-nuh /sa'lAmal saline containing salt say-lyn /'seilA1n/ There are several places worldwide called Saline. The place in Scotland is pronounced
sal-in, in Italy sal-ee-nay, and in the US suh-leen. Salinger, J. DTAmerican yvriter
340
sa|—in-juhr ,/'sal1nd3a(r)/ Salisbury city, England sawlz-buh-ri /'so:lzbari/ Salish American Indian ethnic group
say~lish /'seilrI/ Salk, Jonas American microbiologist joh-nuhss sawlk /,d3aunas 'sa:lk/ Sallust Roman historian and politician
sal-uhst /'salast/ salmanazar large wine bottle sal-muh-nay-zuhr {,salma'ne1za(r)/ Salmond, Alex Scottish politician Sam-uhnd /‘samand/ salmonella pl. salmonellae bacterium
sal-muh-nel-uh, pl. sal-muh-nel-ee /,salma'nsla/, pl. /-1i:/ Salome biblical character suh-loh-may /sa'laome1/ Oscar Wildcs play Salome’ is usually pronounced sal-oh-may, and the Strauss
opera based on it is given the German pronunciation zah-Ioh-may.
Salonen, ES3.—Pel(l(fi Finnish conductor
ess-uh pek-uh sal-on-uhn /,2-zsa ,paka 'sa1onan/ Salonica former name of Thessaloniki suh-Ion-ik-uh /sa'lon1ka/ Salop former name of Shropshire
sal-uhp /'salap/ Salopettes trousers with shoulder straps
sal-uh-pets /,sa1a‘p£ts/ salpingectomy surgical removal of the
Fallopian tubes sal-pin-jek-tuh-mi ,I,salpin'd3aktami/ salpingostomy surgical unblocking of a Fallopian tube sal-ping-gost-uh-mi /_sa1pnj|'gnstami/ Salsa Latin American dance music sal-suh /'sa]sa/ salsify edible plant
sal-sif-i /'sa1s1fi/ salt white crystalline substance
sawlt fsozlti Commonly also Solt. This variation in
pronunciation applies to a wide range of
words spelled with al (e.g. Salisbury, Walter).
saltarello energetic dance
sal-tuh-rel-oh /,salta'rsl:-mi Saltillo city, Mexico Sal-tee-yoh /sal'ti:jao/
34-1
saltimbocca I samsara
saltimbocca Italian dish
khwan an-tohn-yoh sam-arr-ang
sal-tim-bok-uh /,salt1rn'boka,l saltine savoury biscuit
/xwan an_teonjao sama'ra1]/
sawl-teen /sa:l'ti:n/ saltire diagonal cross
sawl-ty-uhr /'SDlllIAI3(I‘)/
saltpetre potassium nitrate
sawlt-peet-uhr /sa:1t'pi:ta(r)/ salubrious health-giving suh-loo-bri-uhss /se'lu:brias/ salud ‘cheers’ (Spanish)
Sal-00th /sa'lu:6,|' saluki breed of dog
suh-loo-ki /sa'lu:ki/ salut ‘cheers’, ‘hi’ (French) Sal-ue /sa'ly/ salutary producing good efl"ects
sal-yuut-uh-ri ,f'saljoteri/ Salvador port, Brazil
Sal-vad—or /salva'd0:(r)/ Salvador-can relating to El Salvador
sal-vuh-dor-i-uhn /_sa1va'd0:rien/ Salve Regina Roman Catholic hymn
Sal-vay ruh-jee-nuh /,salve1 ra'd5i:na/ sal volatile scented solution of ammonium carbonate in alcohol
sal vuh-lat-il-i /,sal va'lat1li/' salwar loose, pleated trousers; also called shalwar
sul-war /s1\l'wu:(r)/ Salyut Soviet manned space station
Samaria ancient city, Palestine
suh-mair-i-uh /sa‘ms:rie/ Samarinda. city, Indonesia sam-uh-rind-uh /,sama'rinda/ Samarium chemical element suh-mair-i-uhm /sa'ms:riam/ Samarkand (also Samarqand) city,
Uzbekistan
sa m—ar-kand /,samu:(r)'kand/ Samarra city, Iraq suh-mar-uh /sa'mo:ra/ Sama Veda Hindu text sah—muh vay-duh /'so:ma _ve1da/ samba] spicy relish Sam-bal /'sambal/ sambhar spicy lentil dish
sahm-bar /'so:mbu:(r)/ sambuca aniseed-flavoured liqueur sam-boo-kuh /sam'bu:ka/ Samfil Chinese trouser suit
sam-foo /'samfu:/ Samhain Celtic winter festival sah-win /'su:win/ Sami Scandinavian ethnic group sah-mi /'so:mi/ samisen (also shamisen) Japanese lute sam—i-sen ,"samisen/ samite rich silk fabric sam-yt ,I'sam.»\1t/
suhl-yoot /sa'lju:t/
samizdat clandestine copying and
Salzburg city, Austria
distribution ofbanned literature
salts-burg /'saltsba:(r)g/, German j'zaltshurk/ ' Established anglicization.
Salzgitter city, Germany
zalts-git-uhr /'zalts,gIte(r)/ Salzkammergut resort area, Austria
zalts-ka m-uhr-goot /'zaltskama(r)_gu:t/ samadhi state of concentration achieved
through meditation
. sum-ah-di /s1\'mo:di/ Samar island, Philippines
Sam-ar /'samo:(r)/ Samara city, Russia
suh-mar-uh /sa'mci:ra/ Samaranch, Juan Antonio Spanish former president of the International Olympic Committee
sam-iz-dat /'samizdat/ Samoa islands, Polynesia 5uh—m0h—uh /se‘maoa/ Samos island, Greece say-moss /‘selmns/, ['su:m0s] v Established anglicization. samosa triangular savoury pastry suh-moh-suh /sa'mausa/ samovar tea urn
sam-uh-var /_sama'vl1t(I')/ Samoyed Siberian ethnic group sam-oy-ed /sam':)1ad/ Sampdoria Italian football club samp-daw-ri-uh /samp'd0:ria/ samphire plant
sam-fy-uhr /‘samfA1a(r)/ samsara material world sum-sah-ruh /SAl'1’l'SClZI‘8/
samskara | San Sebastian samskara Hindu purification rite
sum-skah-ruh fSAl'I1'Sl((1ZI‘9/ Samson Agonistes poem by Milton sam-suhn ag-uh-nist-eez /samsan age'nisti:z/ ' Samsung Korean electronics company $am—sung /'SEl1'I1SAlj/ samurai member of a Japanese military caste
sam-uu-ry /‘samumI/ Sana’a (also Sanaa) capital of Yemen san-ah /'sano:/ San Andreas fault fault line, California
san and-ray-uhss /san an‘dre1as/ Sancerre white wine
sah(ng)-sair /sfi'se:(r)/ Sanchi archaeological site, India
sun-chi /‘sAntj‘i/
342
sangrail (also sangreal) holy grail sang-grayl /sa13'gre1l/ Sangria red wine drink
sang-gree-uh /san'gri:a/ sanguine cheerfully optimistic
sang-gwin /'sangw1n/ Sanhedrin supreme council in ancient
Jerusalem san-heed-rin /san'hi:dr1n/ Sometimes also san-uh-drin.
San Jacinto town, US san juh-sint-oh f,san d3a's1ntou/
San Jose city, US san hoh-zay /,san hau'zeI/ San JOSé capital of Costa Rica San khoss-ay /_san xn'seI/ San Juan capital of Puerto Rico
Sancho Panza fictional character in
san hwahn /,san 'hwc1:n/
Don Quixote san-choh pan-zuh /_santjeu ‘panzaf ~ Established anglicization. Sanctus part of the Mass sank-tuuss /'sar|ktos/
Established anglicization. Other places of this name in Latin America are pronounced san khwan.
Sand, George French novelist zhorzh sah(ng) /_3o(r)3 's:ni/ Sauron fictional character in The Lord of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha British royal the Rings house
sow-ron /'saor'on/
sauropod dinosaur saw-ruh-pod /'sa:rapnd/ Saussure, Ferdinand dc Swiss linguistics scholar
fair-din-ah(ng) duh soh-suer /f£:(r)di,n(1 do sao'sy(r)/ sauté fried quickly soh-tay ['seotel/ Sauternes white wine
soh-tairn /sao‘ts:(r)n/ Sauvignon white wine grape
soh-vin-yo(ng) /'sauvmj5/
saks koh-burg goh-thuh /,saks _kauba:(r)g 'gao0a/ saxifrage plant saks-if-rayj ,"'S8l{SlfII‘9Id3/ Saxony region, Germany
salt-suh-ni /'saksani/ Established anglicization. The German name is Sachscn, pronounced zakh-Suhn. Saxony—Anhalt state, Germany
sak-suh—ni an—halt /_saksani 'anhalt/ Established anglicization. The German
name is Sachscn—Anhalt, pronounced
zakh-sohn an-halt.
Sauze d’OlllX resort, Italy
sohz doo /,saoz 'du:/ Sava.i’i (also Savaii) island, Samoa
sah-vy-i /S(lI'VA|i/ Savalas, Telly Greek actor
tel-i suh-val-uhss /,tsli se'va1as/ Savannah port, Georgia
suh-van-uh /sa'vana/
sayonara ‘goodbye’ (Japanese)
sy-uh-nar-uh /,SAI9'T1(lII‘8/ sayyid Muslim claiming descent from
Muhammad say-yid /'se1j1d/ scabies skin disease
skay-beez /'ske1bi:z/
Savannakhet (also Savannaket) town,
Scacchi, Greta Italian-English actress
Laos suv-un-uh-ket /sAv./ma'kst/ savant learned person
Scafell Pike mountain, England
sav-uhnt /'savant/ saveloy pork sausage
sav-uh-loy /'savaloi/ Savery, Thomas English engineer
say-vuh-ri /'se1varil
gret-uh skak-i /,grste ‘skakil skaw-fel /,sk0:'fai,'
scagliola imitation marble skal-yoh-luh /skal'jaola/ scald see skald scalene having sides unequal in length
skay-leen /'ske|li:n/
scalenus | schizandra
34-6
scalenus pl. scaleni neck muscle skuh-lee-nuhss, pl. skuh-lee-ny /ska-rliznas/, pl. {-n1\1/ scallop edible mollusc
skol-uhp /'skn1ap/ Commonly also skal-uhp.
Ti”? WW
Scania international vehicle manufacturers skan-yuh /'skanja/ scandium chemical element
skan-di-uhm /'skandiam/ Scapa Flow strait, Scotland skah-puh floh /_ska:pa 'flao/ scapula pl. scapulae shoulder blade
skap-yuul-uh, pl. skap-yuul-ee /‘skapjola/, pl. /-li:;' 0 Standard -s plural is also possible.
scarab beetle skarr~uhb /‘skarebf scaramouch boastful but cowardly person
ska rr-uh-mootch /skara'mu:tI/ Scarborough port, England skar-buh-ruh f 'sko:(r)bara/ scarify cut and remove debris from a
lawn
skarr-if-y /'skar1fA1/ Scarlatti, Alessandro Italian composer
al-ess-and-roh skar-lat-i /alt.-:,sandrao skc1:(r)‘1ati/ scatological preoccupied with
excrement
skat-uh-lo]-ik-uhl [skate'loc13ikal/ Scaup diving duck skawp /skozpf scavenge collect from waste
skav-uhnj /'skavend3/ scenario outline of a film suh-nar-i-oh /se'nu:riao/ Schadenfreude pleasure derived from another’s misfortune shah-duhn-froy-duh / ‘Iuzdanfroidal Schama, SiIl10n English historian
shah-muh /'_l‘o:ma/
schedule plan shed-yool /'_l'sdju:l/ AM is sgd-iyool, also increasingly common
in BR.
Scheele, Carl Wilhelm Swedish chemist
karl vil-helm shay-luh/_k:ra/ senhorita Portuguese titlc for a young woman sen-yuh-ree»tuh /,sr:nja'ri:ta/ Senkaku islands, East China sea sen-kak-oo /'ssnkaku:/ Senna, Ayrton Brazilian racing driver
ah-eer-tuhn sen-uh /o:_Ia(r)tan ‘sens/'
Senor pl. sefiores Spanish title for a man
sen-yor, pl. sen-yor-ayss /ss'nj:>:(r)/, pl. /-rers/ Senora Spanish title for a woman
sen-yaw-ruh /se'nj:>:ra/ seiiorita Spanish title for a young
woman Sen-yuh-ree-tuh /_senja'ri:ta/ sensei ‘teacher’ (Japanese) sen-say /s£n'seI,l sentient able to perceive things
sen-ti-uhnt /'ssntiant/ Sometimes also sen-shuhnt.
Sentamu, John English archbishop
sent-uh-moo /'sentomu:/ Seoul capital of South Korea
SOl‘ll /sao1/ ¢ Established anglicization.
sepal part of a flower
Sep-uhl /'sepal/ Sephardi pl. Sephardim Jew of Spanish or Portuguese descent
sef-ar-di, pl. sef-ar-dim /ss'fr1:(r)di/, pl. /-d1m/ sephira pl. sephiroth attribute in Hebrew mythology
Sef-irr-ah, pl. sef-irr—oht /‘ssfiru:/, pl. /'sefIraot/ sepia brown colour see—pi—uh /'si:pia/ seppuku ritual suicide
sep-uh-koo /'s£paku:/ ' See mmnesr panel. septcentenary 700th anniversary
sept-sen-tee-nuh-ri /,septssn'ti:nari/ Commonly also sept -sen-ten-uh-ri.
septicaemia blood poisoning
sep-tiss-ee-mi-uh ,',sr.pu'si:mia/ Septuagesima Sunday before
Sexagcsima
sept-yoo-uh-jess-im-uh ,f,ssptjua'd3ss1ma/ sepulchral relating to a tomb
suh-pul-kruhl /sa'p:\lkral/ sepulchre stone monument
sep—uhl-kuhr /'sepalke(r)/ sequential forming or following in a logical order or sequence
Suh-kwen-Shuhl /sa'kwen_|'al/
sequester isolate or hide away suh-kwest-uhr /sa'kwesta(r)/ sequestrate take legal possession of see-kwu l1-strayt /‘si:kwastre1t/ sequoia redwood trcc
suh-kwoy-uh [sa'kwo1a/ Serafinowicz, Peter English comedian serr-uh-fin-uh-wits /sr:ra'f1naw1ts/ seraglio women's apartments in a Muslim palace
serr-ah-Ii-oh /ss'ro:liao,f Seraing town, Belgium
suh-ra(ng) /sa'ré/ scrape (also sarape) shawl
suh-rah-pay /sa'ro:pel/ seraph pl. seraphim angelic being serr-uhf, pl. serr-uhf-im /'ssraf/, pl. /-flm/'
v Standard -s plural is also possible.
seraphic angelic suh-raf-ik /sa'raf1k/' Serapis Egyptian god suh-rap-iss /sa'rap1s/
Seremban city, Malaysia suh-rem-buhn /se'remben/ serendipity happy chance serr-uhn-dip-it-i /,seren'd1p1ti/ Serengeti plain in Tanzania
serr-en-get-i /,seren'geti/ Sereny, Gitta English sociologist gee-tuh suh-ree-ni /,gi:te sa'ri:ni/ sergeant army rank
sar-juhnt /'so:(r)d3ent/
Sergipe | sexcentenary Sergipe state, Brazil sair-zhee-pi ls:::(r)'3i:pi/
serif projection finishing off a stroke ofa letter
serr-if /'ser1f/ Se:-ota, Nicholas English curator
suh-roh-tuh /sa'roota,' serotine bat 5err—uh-teen /'serati:n/ serotonin chemical compound serr-uh-toh-nin /_sera'taonm/ Seroxat trademark antidepressant drug
suh-rok-sat /se'ruksat/ Serpens constellation
sur-puhnz /'sa:(r)panz/ serpentine like a snake sur-puhn-tyn /'S8I([‘)p9I1tAI1’1/' SERPS State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme
surps /sa:(r)ps/
Serraillier, Ian English author suh-ral-i-ay /se'ralie1/ Serse sec Xerxes serum pl. sera. liquid in blood
seer-uhm, p1. seer—uh /'s1aram/, Pl. /-l"9/ v Standard -s plural is also possible. serval African wild cat sur-vuhl /'sa:(r)val/ sesame edible seed
sess-uh-mi /'sssami/ Sesotho language of Lesotho sess-oo—t0o /ss'su:tu:/ sesquialtera denoting a ratio of3:2
sesk-wi-alt-uh-ruh /,seskwi'a1tera/ sesquicentenary 150th anniversary sesk-wi-sen-tee-nuh-ri /,seskwissn'ti:nari/ Commonly also sesk-wi-sen-ten-uh-ri.
sesterce pl. sesterecs ancient Roman coin
sest-urss, pl. sest-ur-seez /'sssta:(r)s/, pl. /ss'sta:(r)si:z;' sestertius pl. sestertii ancient Roman coin (Latin name)
sest-ur-shuhss, pl. sest-ur-shi-y /se'sta:(r)Ias/, pl. /-'sta:(r)j‘ia|/ Sestina poetic form
sest-ee-nuh /ss'sti:na/ Sestriere resort, Italy sest-ri-air-ay /ssstri's:re1/
352 The French name is Sestrieres, pronounced
sest-ri-air. Seth, Vikram Indian novelist and poet
vik-ruhm sayt /flvikrem 'se1t,' Seth Egyptian god
seth /52:0] Setswana language, Africa
set-swah-nuh /ss'tswu:na/ Setlibal port, Portugal suh-too-buhl /sa'tu:bal/
Seurat, Georges Pierre French painter zhorzh 50e—rah /_3o:(r)3 so'ro:/ Sevastopol port, Ukraine; also called Sebastopol
suh-vast-uh-puhl /sa'vastapal/, [slivastopali] ' Established anglicization.
Severnaya Zemlya islands, Arctic Ocean Syay-vuhr-nuh-yuh zuhm-lyah /,sje1va(r)naja zam'ljo:/
Severodvinsk port, Russia syay-vuh-ruh-dvinsk /,sje1vara'dvmsk,f Seville city, Spain suh-vil /sa'vil/ Establishecl anglicization. The Spanish name is Sevilla, pronounced say-veel-yuh
[se'l3i1(a]. Sevres type of fine porcelain
sev—ruh /'sevra/ sevruga sturgeon fished for its caviar
sev-roo-g uh /ssv'ru:ga/ sewage waste water and excrement $00-ij /'su:1d3,l Less commonly syoo-ij. Seward, Anna English poet
see-wuhrd /'si:wa(r)d/ sewer underground conduit
soo-uhr /'su:e(r)/ Less commonly syoo-uhr.
sewin (also sewen) sea trout syoo-in /'sju:1n/ Sexagesima Sunday before Quinquagesima
sek-suh-jess-im-uh /_saksa'd3asima,f sexcentenary 600th anniversary
sek-sen-tee-nuh-ri /,ssksen'ti:nari/
Sextans | shaman
353 Eoinmonly alsoisek-sen-ten-uh-ri. W I I
W7
Sextans constellation sek-stu h nz /'sekstanz/ sextant instrument seks-tuhnt /'sekstent/ sextuplet each of six children born at one birth
seks—ty00p-luht /ssks'tju:plot/ Commonly also seks-tup-luht or
seeks-tyuup-luht.WW
I
i
I
i
Seychelles country
say—shelz /sei'j".slz,I Seychellois native of the Seychelles
say-shel-wah /sei_l’a1'wo:/ Seyfert type of galaxy
say-fuhrt /‘seifa:(r)t/ Seymour, Jane third wife of Henry Vlll
see-mor /'si:mo:(r)/ Sezession avant-garde art movement zayt-sess-yohn /_ze1tsss'jeon/
Sfax port, Tunisia sfaks lsfaksl Sf0l'Z3.l‘ld0 musical term
sfor-tsan-doh /sfo:(r)'tsandoo/ sgraffito pl. sgraffiti decoration made by scratching
sgraf-ee-toh, pl. sg raf-ee-ti /sgra'fi:teo/, pl. /~ti/ Shaallxi province, China
shahn-shee /_[a:n'l‘i:/ Shabaka Egyptian pharaoh
shah-uh-kuh /‘jab-aka}
raising water shuh-doof /Ia'du:f,l Shaffer, Peter and Anthony English playwrights shaf-uhr /'_fafa(r)/ Shaftesbury, Earl of English philanthropist shahfts-buh-ri /'Iu:ftsbari/ shagreen sharkskin
shag-reen /Ia'gri:n/ shah title of the former monarch of Iran
Shah /j"o:/ shahada. (also shahadah) Muslim profession of faith
shuh-hah-duh /It->'ho:da,l Shah Alam city, Malaysia
shah ah-luhm /,_l'c1:'o:1om/ shahid (also shaheed) Muslim martyr shuh~heed /_[9'l1lICl/
Shaik, Schabir South African
businessman
shab-eer shayk /Ia,b1a(r) 'Ie1k/ Shaitan (also Shaytan) the Devil in Islam
shay—tahn /_[ei'tc1:n/ Shaka (also Chaka) Zulu chief shak-uh /'_[aka/
Shakhty city, Russia shahkh-ti /‘_fo:xti/ Shakti Hindu feminine expression of the divine
shuk-tee /'[itkti:/
shabbaba musical instrument shuh-bab-uh /j‘a'baba/
shakuhachi bamboo flute
Shabbat Sabbath (Hebrew)
Shakur, Tllpac American rap artist
sha b-at /j'a'bat/ Shabbos (also Shabbes) Sabbath (Yiddish) shab—uhss /'_l‘abas/ shabu—shabu Japanese beef dish
shab-oo shab-oo /Jabu: 'Iabu:/ shadchan (also shadkhan) pl. shadchanim Jewish marriage broker
shad-khuhn, pl. shad—khuhn-im /'j‘adxen/, pl. /'1‘adxan1m/ Shadjareh, Massood Iranian chairman of Islamic Human Rights Commission
rnuh-sood shah—juh-ruh /ma,su:d '_fo:d3era/ shadoof pole with a bucket used for
shak-uu-hatch-i /,_fako'hatji/ too-pak shak-oor /_tu:pak _1‘a'koa(r)/ shallot onion-like vegetable Shuh-lot /_l‘a‘lot/ Shalmaneser ancient king ofAssyria $hal—muh—nee-zuhr /,1‘alme'ni:za(r)/ shalom ‘peace’ (Hebrew) shuh-lom /j‘a'1nmj shalwar loose, pleated trousers; also called salwar Shu I-war /_1‘A1'wo:(r)/' shaman person regarded as having
access to the spirit world 5ham—uhn /'_l‘aman/ Commonly also shay-muhn.
Shamir, Yitzhak I Shelob
354-
yits-hahk sham-eer /j1ts,hu:k
Shatl: al-Aral) river, Asia shut uhl arr—uhb j_j‘At al 'arab/
Ia'm1a(r)/
Shavian relating to George Bernard
Shamir, Yitzhak Israeli statesman
shamisen see samisen Shan Chinese and Burmese ethnic group
shahn /j'u:n/ Shandong province, China
shan-duung /_Ian'don/ Shanghai city, China
Shaw
shay-vi-uhn /'IeIvian/ Shavuoth (also Shavuot) Jewish festival shah-voo-ot /Ic1:vu'ot,/ Commonly also shu h-voo-uhss, a Yiddish pronunciation
shang-hy/,_[ai3'hA1/ Shango religious cult
shang-goh /'Ia1j|gau/ Shangri-La Tibetan utopia
shang-gri-Iah /,_fa13gri'lu:/ Shankar, Ravi Indian sitar player
ruv-i shunk-uhr /,rAvi 'IAIjl(9(1“)/ Shantou port, China
shan-toh /Ian'tao/ shantung silk fabric 5han-tung/j'an't1n]/ Shanxi province, China
shan-shee /,Ian'Ii:/ shapka Russian fur hat
shap-kuh /'_fapka/ sharara loose pleated trousers
shuh-rar-uh /_[e'ru:re/ sharia (also shariah) Islamic canonical law
shuh-ree-uh /_[a'ri:a/ Sharif, Nawaz Pakistani statesman
nuh-wahz shuh-reef /na_wu:z j'a'ri:f/ Sharif, Omar Egyptian actor
oh-mar shuh-reef /_aom(1:(r) j‘a'ri:f/ Shaljah state, United Arab Emirates shar-juh /']‘u:(r)d3ej Sharma, Shankar Dayal Indian statesman
shunk-uhr dy-ul shar-muh /,ji\ka(r) dA1,Al 'j‘c1:(r)ma/
Sharm el-Sheikh resort, Egypt sharm uhl shayk /,Ic1:(r)m a1 ‘jerk,’ Sharon plain, Israel
shair-uh n /'Is:ran/ Sharon, Ariel Israeli statesman
arr-i-el shuh-ron /ari_a1 ]'a'ron/ sharon fruit persimmon Shair-uhn /'Is:ran/ Shar Pei breed of dog
shar pay /,Iu:(r) ‘peil shashlik mutton kebab
shash-Iik f’_[a]'11k/
Shaytan see Shaitan Shea stadium in New York
shay /fen’ shea nut—bearing tree
shee-u h /'Ii:a/ sheading administrative division of the Isle of Man shee-ding /'j'i:dI1]/
Sheafifer American pen manufacturers shay-fuhr /'Ie1fe(r),' Sheba biblical place name
shee-buh /'Ii:ba/ Shebang matter or set of circumstances shuh-bang /Ia'baI_]/
shebeen unlicensed establishment selling alcohol
shuh—been /j‘e'bi:n/ Sheela-na-gig medieval stone female figure
shee-Iuh nuh gig /,_fi:la na 'QlQ/ Sheikh (also sheik) Arab leader
shayk [jerk] Established anglicization. The more
Arabic-sounding pronunciation shaykh is also sometimes used. Less commonly also
sheek. sheitel wig worn by a Jewish woman Shay-tuhl /'_l‘e1ta1/ Shekel currency unit, Israel shek-uhl /'j‘skal/ Shekinah (also Shekhinah) Jewish symbol
shuh-ky-nuh /_[1'kA1na/ shellac resin melted into thin flakes Shuh-Iak /_\"a'lak/ Shelley, Percy Bysshe English poet bish she|—i /,bII 'Isli/ Shelob spider in The Lord ofthe Rings
shee-lob /'Ii:1nb/
355
Shenandoah river, US shen-uhn-doh-uh /,_fr:nan'daua/ shenanigans secret activity
shuh-nan-ig-uhnz /I1'nan1ganz/ sheng Chinese musical instrument 5hL"'\9 l'.lA1J/
Shenyang city, China shuhn-yahng /__\‘an'jo:I]/ Shenzhen city, China shuhn-juhn /,_|‘an'd3an/ Shenzhou Chinese spacecraft shuhn-joh ,f__\'an'd3ou/ Sheol Jewish underworld
shee-ohl /'ji:ao1,I Sher, Anthony English actor shur /'_[a:(r)/ Sheraton, Thomas English furniture-maker
Sheri‘-uh-tuhn /‘_feratan/ ’s-Hertogenbosch city, Netherlands
sair-toh-khuhn-boss /,sr-;:(r)taoxan'bos/ sherwani knee-length man’s coat shur-wah-ni /_fe:(r)'wo:ni/
Shevardnadze, Eduard Soviet statesman
ed-wuhrd shuh-vuhrd-nahd-zuh /,sdwa(r)d ,j‘ova(r)d'nu:dza/ Shia (also Shi’a) branch of Islam
shee-uh /'[i:a/ shiatsu Japanese massage therapy shi-at-soo /Ii'atsu:/ shibboleth distinctive custom shib-uh-Ieth /'I1ba1s8/ Shibuya district of Tokyo Shib-00-yuh /Irbuzjei‘ shidduch Jewish arranged marriage 5hid—uhkh /'_[1dax/ Shih—iLZll breed of dog
shit—SO0 /Ii'tsu:/ shiitake mushroom shit-ah-kay /_|‘1'tu:ke1/ ~ See JAPANESE panel. Shiite (also Shi'ite) adherent of the Shia branch of Islam
shee-yt /'_[lIAIt/ Shijiazhuang city, China shuh—ji-ah—jwahng /_l'ed3io:'d3wci:rJ,' shikhara (also shikara) spire on a
Hindu temple shik-ar-uh /_f1‘ka:ra/
Shenandoah I Shoah Shil(0l(ll island, Japan
shik-oh-koo /Ii'kaoku:/
shiksa non—Jewish woman shik-suh /'I1ksa/ shillelagh thick stick shi|~ay~li /_[1'1e1li/ Shillong city, India shil-ong /_[1'lm],I Shillllli African ethnic group
shil-uuk /_f1'1uk/ Shiloh, Battle of American civil war battle Shy-Ioh /'_|‘A11ao/ Shimano bicycle component
manufacturers
shim-ah-noh /Ii'ma:nao,' Shin Bet (also Shin Beth) security service of Israel
shin bet /Im ‘bat; Shinkansen Japanese high speed railway Shin-kan-sen /'j‘mkan_san/
Shinola US trademark brand of boot polish shy-noh—luh /j‘AI'neola/ Shinto Japanese religion shin-toh /'j'1ntao/ Shiraz city, Iran
sheer-az /Iia'raz/ Shiraz black wine grape Shirr-82 /[I'raz/ shire county Shy—uhr /'_[1\ro(r)/ This is the pronunciation for the word in
isolation or in phrases such as ‘shire horse‘. As a suiiix, e.g. in Laneashire or Cheshire,
the pronunciation is much reduced to -shuhr or, less commonly, -sheer.
Shiva (also Siva) Hindu god shee-vuh /'_|'i:va/ Shiva (also shivah) Jewish period of mourning Shiv-uh /'_fIva/ Shiv Sena Hindu nationalist organization shiv say-nuh /,1‘IV 'sema/ Shizuoka city, Japan
shiz-oo-oh-kuh /_J1zu:'aoka/ Shkodiir city, Albania shkoh-duhr /'_[kauda(r)/ Shoah Holocaust
shoh-uh /'_l'aoa/
Shoemaker-Levy I Siddhartha Gotama Shoemaker—Levy comet shoo-may-kuhr lee-vi /,Iu:me1ke(r) '1i:vi/
shofar ram’s-horn trumpet used in Jewish ceremonies
shoh-fuhr /'Ieufe(r)/ shogun hereditary commander-in-chief in feudal Japan shoh—guun /'_\‘augon,' Shoji sliding screen door shoh—ji /'Ieod3i/
Sholapur city, India shoh-Iuh-poor /,_faula'pua(r)/ Shona African ethnic group shoh—nuh /'j'aona/ shoogly unsteady (Scottish)
shuug-Ii /'_[og1i/ Shorinji Kempo martial art
shuh-rin—ji kem-poh /j‘a,rmd3i 'kempao/ Shoshone American Indian ethnic group shuh—sh0h-ni /_l'a'_[aoni/ Shostakovich, Dmitri Russian composer
duh-meet-ri shost-uh-koh-vitch
shtum (also schtum) silent shtuum /_ftom/ shtup (also schtup) have sexual intercourse with
shtuup /Itup/ shubunkin goldfish shuub-unk-in ,'_\'u'bAnk1n/ Shllfii look or reconnoitre
shuuf-ti /'I0fti/ Shugiin Japanese parliament shoo-gee-in / '_|‘u:gi:1n/ Shul synagogue
shool /_[u:1/ Shumen city, Bulgaria shoo-muhn /'Iu:man/ Shllra. Islamic council
shoor-uh /'_luera/ shuriken weapon in the form of a star
5h00r-ik-en /‘_foar1kan/ Siachen Glacier glacier, India
see-uh-chen l‘si:at_\‘an/ Sialkot city, Pakistan si-ahl-koht /si'o:lkeot/ Siam former name for Thailand
sy-am /sA1'arn/
/da,mi:tri _Iosta'kaov1tj'/ Sholaokan style of karate
Sibelius, Jean Finnish composer
shoh-toh-kan /'j'eotaokan/ Showalter, Elaine American writer shoh-wawl-tuhr /']'aUwo:1ta(r),f shoyu Japanese soy sauce shoh-yoo /'j‘aoju:/ Shreveport city, US shreev-port /'Iri:vpo:(r)t/ Shrewsbury town, England shrohz—buh-ri Hreuzberil
éihenik city, Croatia
Equallyflconimorilyi sliitiol-lit! h- ri . iI30th
pronunciations are used in the town. Shri (also Sri) Indian title of respect
shree /_|'ri:/ shrimati Indian title of respect for a woman
shree-mut-i /'_[I‘lIII1Alil/ Shriner member of a US charitable society
sh ry-n uhr /'_fI'AII'13(I')/ shtetl pl. shtetlaich small Jewish town in eastern Europe
356
zhah(ng) sib—ay-ii-uhss 1,36 SI'lJ8Ill6S/ shee-buh-nik /'j'i:ban1k/ Sihiu city, Romania
sib-yoo /s1'bju:/ Sibyl woman prophet sib-il /‘sIb1l/ Sihneft Russian oil company $ib—nyeft /sIb‘njsft/ sic ‘thus’ (Latin) Slk /sIk/ Sichuan province, China
suh-chwan /se't_[wan/ v See also Szechuan. Sickert, Walter English painter
sik-uhrt /'sIka(r)t/
Siddhartha Gautama founder of Buddhism; also called Siddhartha Gotama sid-ar-tuh g0w—tuh-muh /s1,du:(r)ta 'gautema/
Siddhartha Gotama founder of Buddhism; also called Siddhartha
shtet-uhl, pl. shtet-lakh /'_|‘teteI/, pl.
Gautama
/'_l'tst1ax/ v Standard -s plural is also possible.
sid-ar-tuh goh-tuh-muh /s1,da:(r)ta 'geotema/
siddhi I Silesia
357
siddhi complete understanding Sid-i /'SICli/
sidereal of the distant stars
sy-deer-i-uhl /SAI'ClI3l’l8l/ Sidhe Irish mythological fairy people
shee /Ii:,' Sidi bel Abbes town, Algeria
sid-i bel uh—be5s /,s1di bel a'bes/ Sidi bou Said town, Tunisia sid-i boo suh-eed /,s1di bu: sa'i:d/ Sidon city, Lebanon sy-duhn /'sn1den/ Sidra inlet, Libya; also called Sirte
sid-ruh /'sidra/ Siebengebirge range of hills, Germany
zee-buhn-guh-beer-guh I'zi:benga,ble(r)ga/ Siegessiiule Column, Berlin
zee-guhss-zoy-luh /'zi:gaszo11a/ Siegfiied Wagnerian character and hero of the Nibelungeiihcd
seeg-freed /'si:gfri:d/, German [‘zi:kfri:t] ' Established anglicization. Sieg Heil Nazi victory salute zeek hyl /,zi:k 'l’1AIl/ Sieglinde Wagnerian character Zeek-lin-duh /zi:k'l1nda/ Siegmllnd Wagnerian character zeek-m uunt /'zi:kmont,' Siemens German family of scientists lee-muhriss /'zi:mens/ The name of the company founded by the family is usually anglicized to see-muhnz.
siemens SI unit of conductance
see-muhnz /'si:manz/ Siem Reap city, Cambodia syem ryahp /sjem 'rjo:p/ Siena city, Italy
si-en-uh /si'i-:ne/ sierra jagged mountain chain Si-ail‘-uh /si'e:ra,/ Commonly also si-err-uh.
Sierra Leone country Si-err-uh |i—0hn /si_era1i‘aun/ Sierra Madre mountain range, Mexico
si-err-uh mah-dray /si,era'mo:dre1/, Spanish [_sjera ‘maore] v Established anglicization. Sierra Nevada mountain range, Spain
si-err-uh nuh-vah-duh /si,era ne'vo:de/, [,sjera ne'L$aoa] v Established anglicization.
siesta afternoon nap si-est-uh /si'esta/ sievert Sl unit of dose equivalent
see-vuhrt /'si:va(r)t,' sigil magical symbol sij-il /'sid311/ Sigisoara town, Romania
sig-ish-war-uh /s1gI_['wo:ra,f sigma letter of the Greek alphabet
sig-muh /‘sigma,’ sigmoidoscopy examination of the colon Sig-moy-dosk-uh-pi /,s|gm:n'doskapi/ Signac, Paul French painter
pol seen-yak /,po1si:'njak/ signatory party that has signed an agreement
sig-nuh-tuh-ri /'s1gnatsri/ signor pl. signori Italian title for a man
seen-yor, pi. seen-yor-i /'si:nja:(r)/, pl. /-'nj;):ri/ signora Italian title for a woman seen-yor-uh /si:‘njo:ra/ signorina Italian title for a young woman seen—yuh—ree-nuh /,si:nja'ri:na/ Sigur R63 Icelandic rock band
see-guhr rohss /,si:ga(r) 'raos/ Sihanouk, Norodom Cambodian statesman
norr-uh-dom see-uh-nuuk /nora_dnm si:e'nok/ Sikhism religion
seek-iz-uhm /'si:kizam/ Sikkim state, India
sik-im /'s1k1m/ Sikorsky, Igor Russian—American
aircraft designer
ee-gor sik-or-ski /,i:ga:(r) srka:(r)ski/ silage compacted fodder
sy-lij /'SAIlId3/ Sildenafil trademark drug
sii-den-uh-fil /s1l‘denaf11/ Silenus Greek god
sy-lee-nuhss /s1u'li:nas/ Silesia region, Europe sy-lee-zi-uh /SAI'liZZi9/
silhouette | Singspiel This region is mostly in Poland. The Polish name is Slask, pronounced $hlo(ng)$k.
silhouette dark shape sil-00-et /,srlu'st,' silicon chemical element
sil-ik-uhn /'sil1kan/ silicone synthetic material
sil-ik-ohn /'s1l1kaon/ silo tower used to store grain
sy-loh /'sA11eu/ Siloam biblicai pool near Jerusalem sy-loh-uhm jsarlauaml Silurian geological era
sy-lyoor-i-uhn /s.u'ljuarian/ Silvanus Roman god
sil-vah-nuhss /s1l'vo:nas/ Silverstein, Shel American cartoonist shei sil-vuhr-steen /jal 's11va(r)sti:n/ Simbirsk city, Russia
sim-beersk /s1m'bia(r)sk/ Simenon, Georges Belgian novelist zhorzh see—muh-no(ng) /,3o:(r)3 si:ma'n5/
358
sim-yuul-ay-kruhm, pl. sim-yuul-ay-kruh /,s1mjo'1e1kram/, pl. /-kra/ v Standard -s plural is also possible. simurg mythical bird
sim-urg /s1'ma:(r)g/ simvastatin drug sim-vuh-stat-in /s1mva'statm/ Sinai peninsula, Egypt sy-ny /'SAI1'lAI/ Sinaloa state, Mexico
see-nuh-loh-uh /,si:na'laua/ Sinatra, Frank American singer sin-ah-truh /s1'na:tra,l Sinclair, Clive English engineer
sink-lair /'s1r3kls:(r)/ sine trigonometric function syn [SAID] sinecure position requiring little work sin-uh-kyoor ,f'smakjua(r)/ commonlyjalso syn-uh-kyoor. sine die with no appointed date for
Simeon Hebrew patriarch
resumption (Latin)
sim-i-uhn /'s1mian/ Simeon Stylites, St Syrian monk
see-nay dee-ay /,si:ne1 'di:e1/
sty-Iy-teez /stA1'lA1ti:z/ Simferopol city, Ukraine
seem-fuh-rop-uhl /,si:mfa'ropa1/ simian relating to apes or monkeys
sim-i-uhn /‘srmian/ simile figure of speech Sim-il-i /'s1m11i/ Simla city, India
sim-luh /'simla/ simnel cake fruit cake eaten at Easter sim-nuhl ,"s1mne1/ Simon Boccanegra opera by Verdi
see-mon bok-uh-nay-gruh /si:,mnn bDl(8'I1BIgl'8/ Simonides Greek lyric poet
sy-mon-id-eez /s1u'mnn1di:z/ simony buying or selling of ecclesiastical
privileges
$y—muh-ni /'s1umani/ simpatico likeable sim-pat-ik-oh /slm'patIkau/ Simplon pass, Switzerland
simp-Ion /'s1mplDn/ simulacrum pl. simulacra representation of something
sine qua non essential condition (Latin)
sin-ay kwah non /,sme1kwu:'nnn/ Commonly also other pronunciations
I
as sin-i kwah nohn; see urrm panel. sinfonia symphony; also the name of a
London-based orchestra sin-f0h—ni-uh /sm‘faunie/ Established anglicization. The Italian
pronunciation, however, is sin-fon-ee~uh, which is less commonly also used.
sinfonietta short symphony Sin-foh-ni-et-uh /,smfauni'sta,/
Singapore country sing-uh-por /,s1i]a'p:J:(r)/ Singh, Manmohan Indian prime minister
mun-moh-hun sing /l‘l‘lAl'l_l‘n8Ul'lAl‘1 'sn]/ The first name is commonly also
pronounced mun-moh-hun by Hindi speakers.
Singspiel pi. Singspiele form of German light opera
zing-shpeel, pl. zing-shpeel-uh f'zn3_[pi:l/, pl. /-la/
Sinhala I Skanda
359
Sinhala (also Singhala) ethnic group and language, Sri Lanka; also called Sinhalese
sing—huh-luh /'snj|hela/ Sinhalese (also Singhalese) ethnic group and language, Sri Lanka; also called Sinhala
sing-huh-leez /,s1r]ha'li:z/ sinistral of the left side
sin-ist-ruhl /'sm1stra]/ Sinn Féin Irish political party
Shin fayrl /,j'm ‘fem,’ sinology study of China
sy-nol-uh-ji /s1u'nnlad3i/ sinsemilla variety of cannabis
sin-suh-mil-uh /,s1nsa'm|la/ Sint-Niklaas town, Belgium
sint nik~lahss /,s:nt 'n1klo:s/ Sintra (also Cintra) town, Portugal
sint-ruh /'smtra/ Sinllijll city, North Korea
sin-Wee—]Oo /,smwi:'d3u:/ SintlOnS curvy
sin-yoo-uhss /'smjuas/ sinus cavity within a bone
sy-nuhss /'sA1nos/ Siobhan Irish girl's name
shiv-awn /Ii'vo:n/ Sion see Zion Si0llX North American ethnic group
$00 /su:/
siphon tube sy-fuhn /'SAIf8l"l/ Sirdar see Sardar
Sirius star sirr-i-uhss /'sirias/ Sirleaf Johnson, Ellen Liberian president
sur-leef /'sa:(r)li:f/ Sil'0C(!0 see scirocco
sirrah term of address for a man
sirr-uh /'sIra/ Sirte inlet, Libya; also called Sidra
seer-tay /'sia(r)te1/ sisal fibrous plant Sy-suhl /'smsal/ Sisley, Alfred French painter
al-fruhd siz-Ii /,alfrad 's1zli/
Sistani, Ayatollah Ali al- Iraqi senior Shia cleric
y-uh-tol-ah al-ee uh-sist-ah-ni
/A1a_tolo: a,li: as1s'to:ni/ Sistine Chapel chapel in the Vatican
sist-een /'s1sti:n,' Sisyphean denoting a task that can never be completed
5iS5—if-ee-uhn /_s1si'fi:an/ Sisyphus Greek mythological character
siss—if-uhss /'s1s|fes/ Sita wife of Rama
see-tuh /'si:ta/ sitar musical instrument Sit-3|’ /s1'tu:(r)/ Sitges resort, Spain
see-chuhss /'si:tIas/ sitka spruce tree
sit-kuh /'sitka/ Sitlls inversus medical condition
sy-tuhss in-vur-suhss /,s/utas m'va:(r)sas/ sitzfleisch buttocks
zits-flysh ,"z1tsflmI/ Siva see Shiva Sivan Jewish month
See-vahn ,"si:vo:n/ Siwalik Hills foothills in the Himalayas Si-wah-lik /s|'wo:l1k/ sjambok whip Sham-bok /'j'ambok/ Sjiig1‘en's syndrome autoimmune condition
shoe-graynz /'j‘o:gremz/ This pronunciation is closest to the Swedish
pronunciation of Sjiigren's name. Anglicizations shoh-gruhn and shur-gruhn are also common. ska style of music
skah /sko:/ Skagen town, Denmark Skag-uhn /‘skagan/, ['sgeyan] 0 Established anglicization.
Skagerrak strait between Norway and Denmark
skag-uh-rak /'skagarak/ skiil ‘cheers’ (Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish) skawl /sko:l/ - See also snot. skald (also scald) Norse bard skald /Sl(EllC1/
Skanda Hindu god
skan-duh /'skanda/
skean-dhu | Smirnoff skean-dhu dagger skee-uhn dOO /gskizan ‘du:/
skedaddle depart quickly or hurriedly skuh-dad-uhl /ska'dada1/ skein length ofyarn skayn fskernf skeletal relating to a skeleton 5ke|—uh—tuh| /'sksletal/ Less commonly also skuh-lee-tuhl.
360
slaver saliva running from the mouth
slav-uhr /'slava(r)/
Slavic language family slah-vik /'sIu:v1k/ Commonly also slav-ik.
Slavonic Slavic sluh-von-ik /sle'vnn1k/ sleight use of dexterity or cunning
skee /ski:/
slyt /slart/’ Sligo county, Republic of Ireland Sly-goh /'slA1gao,' Sliven city, Bulgaria slee-vuhn /'sIi:van/
Eighty years ago our BBC predecessors
slivovitz plum brandy
skene part of the set in Greek theatre
skee-ni /‘ski:ni/ ski device for travelling over snow
recommended the pronunciation shee,
sliv—uh-vits /‘sl1vov1ts,'
which is how the word is pronounced in
Sloth reluctance to Work
Norwegian. However, the anglicization skee quickly took hold.
Skiathos island, Greece ski—ath-oss /ski'a9ns/ Skibo castle, Scotland Skee-boh /'ski:bao/ Skidoo trademark motorized toboggan $kid—00 /sk1'du:/ skijoring being pulled on skis by a horse or dog
skee-jaw—ring ,f'ski:d3o:rn3/ Sklodowska, Maria see Curie, Marie skol ‘cheers’
skol [skull Less commoiilyalso 5k*:nsi/ Sprechgesang style of dramatic vocalization
sprekh-guh-zang /'_[prccga,za1]/ Sprechstimme another term for
Sprechgesang
sprekh-shtim-uh /'_[prce,_l'trma,l sprezzatura studied carelessness
spret-suh-toor-uh l,spratsa'toara/ Springbok gazelle
spring-bok /'spr11)bok/ spritsail extended sail
sprit-suhl /'spr1tsal/ spruit small stream
Sprayt /spre1t/ spumante sparkling white wine
spoo-man-tay /spu:'mante1/ spume froth or foam spyoom /spju:m;' Spurious not being what it purports to be
spyoor-i-uhss /'spjoorias/ Sputnik Soviet satellite spuut-nik /'spotn1k/ Spyri, J0l‘l3.nn3. Swiss author
yoh-han-uh shpeer-i /jau,hana '_[p1eri/ squall sudden violent gust ofwind skwawl /skwo:l/ Sql1fl.l0l‘ dirtiness
skwol-uhr /‘skwn1e(r)/ squamous covered with scales
skway-muhss /'skwe1mes/ Squeegee scraping implement
skwee-jee /’skwi:d3i:/ squirearchy landowners collectively
skwy-uhr-ar-kl /'skw1na_ro:(r)ki/ squireen minor landowner
skwy-uh-reen /_skwA1a‘ri:n/' Srebrenica town, Bosnia-Herzegovina sreb-ren-it-suh /'srebre_n1tsa/ Sri see Shri
Sri Lanka I statin Sri Lanka country Sri lank-uh /sri 'lanka/ Srinagar city, India Srin—ug—ul'ir /SI‘I'1'lAQ8(I‘)/ St see Saint Stabat Mater medieval Latin hymn stah-bat mah-tuhr /,sto:bat 'mu:te(r)/ stabile free-standing abstract sculpture or structure
stay-byl /'ste1b.u1/ staccato musical term stuh-kah-toh /sta'ku:tao/ staifage accessory items in a painting stuh—fahzh /sto'fu:3/ Stafford town, England
staf-u hrd /'stafa(r)d/ staithe landing stage
stayth /steto/ Stakhanovite productive worker in the former USSR stuh-khahn-uh~vyt /ste'xc1:nevA1t/ stalactite structure hanging from the roof of a cave stal-uhk-tyt /'stalaktAIt/ Stalag German prison camp
shtal-ag /'j'talag/ stalagmite structure rising from the
floor of a cave stal-uhg-myt /'S‘lI&l3QI1‘1AIt/ Stalin, Joseph Soviet statesman joh-zuhf stah-lin /,d3oozaf 'sto:l1n/,
Russian [_jos*1f 'stali1n] v Established anglicization.
Stallone, Sylvester American actor stuh-lohn /sta'1eon,l stalwart loyal and hard-working stawl-wuhrt /'sta:1wa(r)t/ Less commonly also stal-wuhrt. Stalybridge town, England
stay-Ii-brij /'ste11ibr1d3/ Stambolic, Ivan Serbian statesman
ee-van stam-buh-litch /_i:van 'stamba1itj'/ starnen male organ of a flower
368 Stanhope, Hester English traveller
Stan-u hp /'stanap/ Stanier, William English railway engineer
Stan-i—uhr /'stanie(r)/ Stanislaus, St patron saint of Poland
stan-iss-lowss /'stan1s1aus/ Established anglicization.
name
is Stanislaw, pronounced stan-eess-waf.
Stanislavsky, Konstantin Russian theatre director kon-stuhn-teen stan-iss—laf—ski ,lkDnstanti:n ,stanIs'lafski/ Stansted airport, England
stan-sted /'stansted/ stanza group of lines in a poem Stan-zuh /'stanza/ stapes bone in the middle ear Stay—peez /'ste1pi:z/ staphylococcus pl. staphylococci bacterium
stat-il-oh-kok-uhss, pl. staf—il-oh-kok-y /,staf1lao'knkas/, pl. /-'l(Dl{Al/ Plural is sonietilmeslalso -liolt-sy; see panel.
Stara Zagora city, Bulgaria
star-uh zuh—gorr-uh /_stu:ra za'gnra/ starboard one side of a ship
star-buhrd /'stt1:(r)ba(r)d/ Sometimes also star-bord.
Starck, Philippe French interior
designer
fee-leep stark /fi:,li:p 'stu:(r)k/ stargazy pie Cornish fish pie star-gay-zi /'sto:(r)ge1zi/ starveling undernourished person StarV—ling /'sto:(r)vl1n/ Stasi internal security force of the former German Democratic Republic
shtah-zi /'_[tu:zi/ stasis period of inactivity
stay-sis f'SteISIS/ statant heraldic term
stay-tuhnt /'ste1tant/
stay—muhn /'sterman/ stanchion upright bar or frame
Staten Island borough of New York City
stan-shuhn /'stan_l‘en/ Stanford, Charles Villiers Irish-born
statice sea lavender
composer vil-uhrz stan-fuhrd /,v1larz 'stanfa(r)d/
stat-uhn /'statan/ stat-iss-i /'stat1si/ statin cholesterol-lowering drug stat-in /'stat1n/
369
status quo existing state of affairs
stay-tuhss kwoh /_steitas 'kwau/ statutory required or permitted by statute
statch-00-tuh-ri /'stat_[otari/
Stauffenberg, Claus von German aristocrat; attempted to assassinate Hitler
klowss fon shtow-fuhn-bairk /_k1aos fon '_['taofanbz::(r)k/ Stavanger port, Norway
stuh-vang-uhr /sta'vana(r)/ Stavropol territory, Russia
stav-ruh-puhl /‘stavrapal/ steak au poivre peppered steak oh pwahv-ruh /an 'pwu:vra/
steatopygia accumulation offat on the buttocks
stee-uh-toh-pij-i-uh /_sti:atao'p1d3ia/ Steaua Bucharest Romanian football club
styah-wuh boo-kuh-rest /,stjl/ toque woman’s small hat tohk ltaukl Tora Bora village, Afghanistan toor-uh boor-uh /,tuara 'buara/ Torah Hebrew scriptures
taw—ruh /'to:ra/, [to'ro:] Q Established anglicization. torchere ornamental stand tor-shair /to:(r)'Is:(r)/ torchon type of bobbin lace
tor—shuhn /'t0:(r)_[an/ toreador bullfighter torr-i-uh-dor /'toriad0:(r)/ torii gateway ofa Shinto shrine taw—ree /'to:ri:/ ¢ See mrnuass panel. Torino see Turin
Tonga country
Tomio river, Sweden
tOng—uh /'tn1]a/ Tongariro mountain, New Zealand tong-uh-reer—oh /,tm3e'r1arau/ Tonge, Jenny English politician
tor-ni-oh /'to:(r)niau/ torpor state of inactivity t0r—puhr /'to:(r)pa(r);' torque twisting force tork /to:(r)k,I
tong ltnnl
Torquemada, Tomas de | Tortola
39+
Tone Pitch is used in all languages to indicate differences in meaning, but there are two basic ways in which this is achieved. In a language like English, pitch operates at sentence level, so that different intonation in
the utterance Ben loves cycling can make it a statement or a question. In so-called tone languages, on the other hand , pitch operates at wo rd level to change the meaning of words. Even when yes is said with a falling or rising intonation in English, to make it either a statement or question respectively, it is still the whole utterance that has changed, not the meaning of the word itself. Chinese is a tone language with four basic tones. The word ma has ‘ four different meanings, depending on which tone is used. Pronounced . with a high level tone it means mother, with a high rising tone hemp, with a low falling rising tone horse, and finally with a high falling tone it means scold. We do not expect BBC announcers to be able to make these tonal distinctions, and we cannot retain them when giving Chinese recommendations in our phonetic respelling, even though this may on occasion result in some pronunciations that are rather bewildering to Chinese ears! Many languages of western and southern Africa, such as Ewe, Yoruba, and Lingala, are tone languages. The only European tone languages are Swedish and Norwegian, Where tone is used to a lesser extent than in Chinese. In Swedish there are around 300 word pairs that differ only in the use of tonal accent. There are two tones, sometimes referred to as acute and grave accent. Acute accent, or single tone, makes the word anden mean the duck. Grave accent, or double tone, makes the same word mean the spirit.
Torquemada, Tomas de Spanish Grand Inquisitor
tom-ass day tor-kem—ah-thuh /trrmas dei ,to:(r)kc'mu:oa/ Torres Strait channel north of Australia t0rr—uhZ /'tnroz/ Torricelli, Evangelista Italian mathematician and physicist
ev-an-juh-lee-stuh torr—i-chel-i /svand3e'li:ste _tori'tjsli/ Torshavn capital of the Faroe Islands
torss-hown /'to(r)shaun,' torte pl. torten cake or tart
tor-tuh, pl. tor-tuhn /'to:(r)ta/, pl. /‘t0:(r)tan,' Tortelier, Paul French cellist
tor-tel-i-ay /to:(r)'telie1/, [tortalje] 1- Established anglicization. tortilla Spanish pancake
tor-tee-yuh /to:(r)'ti:ja/ tortoise reptile tor-tuhss /'to:(r)tas/ commonly also t°r_tOyZ'
Tortola island, Caribbean tor-toh-Iuh fto:(r)'taola,I
‘
395
Toruri city, Poland tOrr-0On /'tnru:n/, ['toru_n] ~ Established anglicization.
tosa breed of dog toh-suh /'taosa/
Toscana see Tuscany Toscanini, Arturo Italian conductor
ar-toor~oh tosk-uh-nee-ni /o:(r),toarao ,tnska'ni:ni/
Torun | Traherne, Thomas toor /toe(r)/ tout attempt to sell
tovvt /taot/
Toutatis Celtic god too-tah-tiss /tu:'to:t1s/ tout court with no addition ‘(O0 koor /_tu: 'koa(r)/ tout de suite immediately
too duh sweet /,tu: do 'swi:t/
tostada Mexican pancake
tovarish (also tovarich) comrade
tost-ah-duh /to'sto:da/ totara New Zealand tree toh-tuh-ruh Ftaotarel
tov-ar-ish /tn'vo:r1II toxaemia blood poisoning
T0tn6S town, England
toxocariasis larval infection
tot—nuh$S /'tntnas/ toucan tropical bird
too-kuhn /'tu:kan] touché acknowledgement of a hit
too-shay /tu:'Ie1/ Toulon port, France
tok-see-mi-uh /tnk'si:mia/ tok-soh-kuh-ry-uh-siss /,tnksaoka'r/nests,’ toxophilite lover of archery t0k—50f—il-yt /tnk'snf1lA|t/ Toynbee, Arnold English economist
toyn-bi /'t:>1nbi/
too-lo(ng) /tu:'l6/ Toulouse city, France too-looz /tu:'1u:z/
trabeation use of beams in architectural
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri French
Triblous see Tripoli
painter and lithographer
ah(ng)-ree too-Iooz loh-trek /d_ri: tu:_1u:z 1ao'trsk/ toupee artificial hairpiece
too-pay /‘tu:pe1/ tour de force skilful performance toor duh forss /_toa(r) do 'fo:(r)s/ Tourette’s syndrome neurological disorder tuu-rets /to'rsts/ tourmaline mineral
toor-muh-Ieen /'toa(r)mali:n/ Tournai town, Belgium toor-nay /tua(r)'ne1/ This is the French name. The Flemish name
is Doornik, pronounced dor-nik. 7
tournedos small cut of beef
toor-nuh-doh /'toa(r)nadao/ tourney medieval tournament
toor-ni /'toa(r)ni/ Sometimes also tor-ni.
tourniquet device for stopping the flow of blood toor-_nik-ay /‘toa(r)mke1/ Commonly also tor-nik-ay. T0llI'S city, France
construction
tray-bi-ay-shuhn /,tre1bi'e1Ian/ Trabzon port, Turkey
trab-zuhn /'trabzan/ An older name for the port, Ttebizond, is pronounced treb-iz-ond.
trachea pl. tracheae windpipe
truh-kee-u h, pl. truh-kee-ee /tre'ki:a,' pl. /-'ki:i:,' éomnimily also day-ki-uh. Standard -s plural is also possible.
tracheotomy incision in the windpipe
trak-i-0t-uh-mi /_traki'ntami/ trachoma eye infection truh-koh-muh /tra'kaoma/
Tradescant, John English botanist truh-desk-ant /tra'deskant/
Trafalgar, Battle of naval battle truh-fal-guhr /tra'falga(r)/ tragedian tragic actor truh-jee-di-uhn /tra'd3i:dian/ traghetto pl. traghetti jetty for gondolas
trag-et-oh, pl. trag-et-i /tra'gstao/, pl.
/-'98ti/ tragus part of the external ear
tray-guhss /'tre1gas/ Traherne, Thomas English religious writer
truh-hurn /tra'ha:(r)n/'
trahison des clercs | Treves trahison des clercs betrayal of standards by artists or writers
trah-iz-o(ng) day klair /_trc1:1z5 der 'kls:(r)/ trait distinguishing quality trayt ltrertl Commonly also tray.
Trajan Roman emperor
tray-juhn /'tre1d3an/ trajectory path of a flying object truh—jek-tuh-ri /tra'd3ektari/ Trakehner breed of horse
trak-ay-nuhr /tra'kema(r),' Tralee town, Republic of Ireland truh-lee /tra'li:/
Traminer white wine grape truh-mee-nuhr /tra‘mi:na(r)/ tranlontana cold north wind tram-on-tah-nuh l,tramnn‘to:na/ tranche portion of something trahnsh /tro:n_1'/ transept part of a church tran-sept /'transept/ transferable able to be transferred
transs-fur-uh-buhl /trans'fa:raba1/ Commonly also trahnss- or
trans-fuh-ruh-buhl.
Transkei region, South Africa tran-sky /tran'skm/ transparent allowing light to pass through tran-sparr-uhnt /tran'sparant/ Less commonly also trahn- or tran-spair-uhnt.
transubstantiate convert into the body and blood of Christ
tra n-suhb-stan-shi-ayt /,transab‘stanIie1t/ Transvaal former province, South Africa tranz-vahl /tranz'vo:l/ Transylvania region, Romania tran-sil-vay-ni-uh /,trans11'vemie/ Trapani town, Italy trah-puh-ni /'tro:pani/ trapezium pl. trapezia quadrilateral tru h-pee-zi-uh m, pl. truh-pee-zi-uh /tra'pi:ziom/, pl. /-zia/ - Standard -s plural is also possible.
trapezoid quadrilateral trap-uh-zoyd /‘trapezoid,’
396
Trapido, Barbara South African-born novelist truh-pee-doh /tra'pi:deu;’ Tris-OS-Montes region, Portugal
traz oozh mont-uhsh /,traz u:3 'mnnta_fI trattoria Italian restaurant
trat-uh-ree-uh /,trata‘ri:a/ trauma distressing experience
traw-muh /'tra:ma/ Lesscommonly also trow-muh.
travois sledge truh-voy /tra'vo1/ Treacy, Phillip English milliner
tray-si /'tre1si/ treadle foot lever tred-uhl /'tredal/ treatise w1'itten work on a particular
subject
tree-tiss /'tri:trs,' Trebbiano variety of wine grape
treb-yah-noh /,trsb‘jo:nao/ Trebizond see Trabzon Treblinka Nazi concentration camp, Poland
treb-link-uh ltrcblmkal trebuchet large catapult
treb-yuush-ay /'trebjo_[e1/ Less commonly also treb-yuush-et. trecento 14-th century
tray-chen-toh ftrertjentaof trefa against Jewish law tray-fuh /'trerfa/ trefoil clover-like plant tref-oyl /'trafa1l/ trenchant vigorous or incisive
tren—chuhnt rtrsntjantl 'Irencharti, Hugh British air marshal
trensh-uhrd /'trenj‘e(r)d/ Trentino-Alto Adige region, Italy tren-tee-noh al-toh ad-»ij-ay /trsn,ti:naU ,alteo 'adid3e1/ trepan saw used to perforate the skull
tru h-pan /tra'pan/ trephine surgical saw
truh-fyn /tra'fA1n/ Tretyakov art gallery in Moscow
truht-yuh-kof /‘tratjaknfl Tréves see Trier
397
Trevino, Lee American golfer truh-vee-noh /tra'vi:nao/
Trevelyan, George Macaulay English
Trevino, Lee [ tripos triduum period of three days’ observance trid-yoo-uhm /'tridjuam/ Trier city, Germany
historian
treer /tria(r)/
truh-vil-yuhn /tra'vI1jen/
The same pronunciation is an appropriate
This British surname is variously
anglicization for Danish film director Lars
pronounced tru h-vel-yu hn or
von Trie1"s name. The city is near the border
truh-vil-yuhn, depending on individual
with Luxembourg. The French name is
preference.
Treves, pronunced trev.
Trevithick, Richard English engineer
trev-ith-ik /‘trevi91k/ triad group ofthree try—ad /'tr1\1ad,' triage preliminary assessment tree—ahZh /'tri:u:5/ Triassic geological period
try-ass-ik /t1“AI'3.SIRf tribadism lesbian sexual practice
trib—uh—diZ—uhm /'trlbadIzam/
Trieste city, Italy
tri-est /tri'est/ trigeminal nerve try-jem-in-uhl /tmi'd3sm1na1/ trigonometry branch of mathematics tri-guh-nom-uh-tri /,tr1ga'nometri/ trilobite fossil try-loh-byt / 'tI‘AIl8UlJAIt/ trimaran yacht with three hulls
try-muh-ran /'iI['AIHl91“8I1]
Tribeca area of New York City
trimester period of three months
try—bek-uh /tr1n'bska,/ tribunal body established to settle dispute try-byoo-nuhl /trAI'bju:nal/
Tl'in1l1l'ti Hindu trinity
triceps arm muscle
try-seps ,1 'tm1ssps/ triceratops dinosaur try-serr-uh-tops /tr1\1'seratnps/
Trichet, Jean-Claude French president of the European Central Bank
zhah(ng) klohd tree-shay /3(1,k1eud tri:'j"e1/ trichology study of the hair and scalp trik—ol-uh—ji jtri'kn1ad3i/
trichomoniasis infection trik-oh-muh-ny-uh-siss /_trIkaome'nAias1s/ triclinium dining table with couches along three sides
try-klin-i-uhm itmrkliniemf This and many other words with tri- can be
pronounced either tri- or try-; see LATIN panel
tricolour three-coloured flag trik-uh—|uhr /‘tr1kale(r)/ tricot fine knitted fabric
tree-koh /'tri:kao/
tricoteuse woman who knits tree-kot-oez /,tri:kI)'toe:z/' Tridentine Catholic catechism trid-en—tyn /tr1'dant1un/
try—mest—uhr /lII‘Al'l'Il8St8(l“)[' trimeter line of verse trim-uh-tuhr /‘tr1m1ta(r)/ trim-oor-ti /tr1'moa(r)ti/ Trincomalee port, Sri Lanka trink—uh-muh-lee /,trn]kema'1i:/ ‘Trinidad and Tobago country, Caribbean
trin-id-ad tuh-bay-goh /'tr1n1dad te'be1gao/ Trinitarian relating to the Trinity
tri-nit-air-i-uhn /,trIn1'ta:rian/ trinitrotoluene explosive try—ny-troh-tol-yoo-een /trA1,nnItrao'toljui:n,' triplltllong three vowels combined in one syllable
trif-thong /‘tr1fHrn]/
c@mm0n1§§E§i}iH-iihbng.
TZ
Z i
Tripitaka sacred Buddhist canon
trip-it-uh-kuh /tr1'p1taka/ triplex trademark safety glass
trip-leks /'tripleks/ Tripoli capital of Libya
trip-uh-ii /'tripali/ The Arabic name is Trablous, pronounced
trah-blooss. tl‘ip0S examination at Cambridge
University try—po5$ /'tI‘A[])DS/
triptych | truculent triptych picture on three panels trip-tik /'tr1pt1k/
Tripura state, India trip—oor-uh /'tripoara/ trireme ancient war galley
try-reem /'tm1ri:m/ triskaidekaphobia superstition regarding the number thirteen
trisk-y-dek-uh-foh-bi-uh /_tr1ski\1dska'faobia/ triskelion Celtic symbol
trisk~el-i-uhn /tr1'ski-:1ian/ trisomy chromosome abnormality triss-uh-mi /'tr1sami/ Tristan da Cunha island, South Atlantic
trist-uhn duh koon-yuh /,tr1stan da 'ku:nja/ tristesse melancholia
treest-ess /tri:'stss/ Tristan legendary knight, lover of Isolde; also called Tristram trist-uhn /'tI'ISt8l1/ Tristram legendary knight, lover of
Iseult; also called Tristan trist-ruhm /'tr1stram/ triticale cereal crop trit—ik-ay-Ii /,tI‘ItI'l(Elll/' Triton Greek god try-tuhn /'trn.1tan/' triumvir pl. triumviri Roman officer
try~um»vuhr, pl. try-um-vuh-ry /trAI'Amve(r)/, pl. /-r1u/ triumvirate three men holding power try-um-virr-uht /tl"AI'1\I‘I‘lVII'9t/ triune consisting of three in one try-yoon /'tI'AIjL1Zl'1/ Trivandrum port, India triv-and-ruhm ftrrvandramf Troad ancient region, Asia Minor troh-ad /'traoad/ Trobriand Islands islands, Pacific troh-bri-uhnd /'traobriand/ trocar surgical instrument troh-kar /'treuko:(r)/ _ trochaic consisting of trochees truh-kay-ik /tra'ke11k/' trochee metrical foot troh-kee f'traoki:/
Trockenbeerenauslese sweet German white wine
398
trok-uhn-bair-uhn-owss-lay-zuh /'tI‘Dl{8I‘l,lJ£2l‘3I1,8OSl8lZ8/ troglodyte cave-dweller trog-luh-dyt /'trngladAIt/ troika Russian vehicle troy-kuh /‘tro1ka,I troilism sexual activity involving three participants
troy-liz-uhm /'trailizam/ Troilus and Criseyde poem by Chaucer
troy-luhss kriss-ay-duh /‘trades l(I‘I'SeId6f Trollope, Anthony English novelist
trol-uhp /'trolap/ trompe l’ceil visual illusion
tromp loy /,tromp ‘101/, French /tr5p leer] - Established anglicization. Tromso city, Norway truum-soe /'tromsn:/ Trondheim town, Norway
trond-hym /'tI‘DI1('il‘lAIl1'l/, ['tr:1nhejm] I Established anglicization. troposphere region of the atmosphere trop-oh-sfeer /'trnpaosf1a(r)/' '1i'ossa»chs valley, Scotland
tross-uhks /'trnsaks/ troth faith or loyalty trohth /trao0/ Trotsky, Leon Russian revolutionary
Ii-on trot-ski /Ii'on 'trntski,' Trottisclifle village, England troz-Ii /'troz1i/ troubadour French medieval lyric poet
troo—buh-dor /'tru:bado:(r)/ Troughton, Patrick English actor trow-tuhn /'traotan/
trousseau pl. trousseaux items collected by a bride for her marriage
troo-soh, pl. troo-sohz /'tru:sao/, pl. /-sauz/ trouvaille lucky find
troo-vy ftl“l.lZ'VAI/ trow think or believe troh /trau/ T1-owbridge town, England troh-brij /'traobr|d3/ Troyes town, France trwah ftrwcul truculent quick to argue
truk-yuul-uhnt /'tI‘Al(jUl9l"lt/
399
Trudeau, Pierre | tuk-tuk
Trudeau, Pierre Canadian statesman
tsoo-kem-oh-noh /tsu:'kE.maunau/'
pyair troo-doh /,pjs:(r) 'tru:dao/ Trudgill, Peter English linguist
v See JAPANESE panel.
trud-gil /‘tr1\dg1l;' Truffaut, Francois French film director
frah(ng)-swah true-foh /frolswuz try'fao/ Tl'lljill0 city, Peru
troo-kheel-yoh /tru:'xi:ljao/ Truk Islands islands, Micronesia truk /trAk/ TI'lll'0 town, England
troor-oh /'truarau/
trypanosomiasis tropical disease trip-uh-noh-suh-my-uh-siss /_iI‘lpF-)l‘l3US8'mAl3SlS/ tryptophan amino acid
trip-tuh-fan /‘tr|ptafan/ Tsang, Donald cliicfexccutive of Hong Kong;
lung /d3/\n/ tsar (also czar or tzar) emperor of Russia
tsar /tsu:(r)f tsarevich (also czarcvich or tzarevich)
son ofa tsar
tsar-uh-vitch /'tsu:rav1tI/ tsarina (also czarina or t1.arina)wife of a tsar tsar-ee-nuh /tsu:'ri:na/ TSRVO national park, Kenya
tsah-voh /'tsu:vao/ tsessebi antelope
tsess-ay-bi /tss'se1bi/ tsetse hloodsucking fly t$et—Si /'tsatsi/ Tshwane another name for Pretoria chwah-nay ,l'tIwo:ne1/
tsimmes (also tzimmes or tzimmis) Jewish stew
tsim-uhss /‘tsimas/ Tsing Tao Chinese brewery ching dow /'t_|"11;] 'dao/
Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Russian aeronautical engineer
lion-stuhn-teen tsi-uhl-kof-ski /knnstz->n'ti:n ,tsial'kofski/ Tskhinvali capital of South Ossetia
tskhin-vah-Ii /tsx1n'v1t'fas/ volumetric relating to the measurement of volume
vol-yuum-et-rik /,vt>1jo'metr1k,'
voluminous I vygie
417
voluminous very loose vuh-lyoo-min-uhss /va'lju:m1nas/ voluptuary person devoted to luxury
vuh-lup—ch0o-uh-ri /ve'L\pt_\‘uari/ V0llli'.€ Spiral Scroll
vuh-lyoot /va'lju:t/ volvulus pl. volvuli bowel twist
vol-vyuul~uhss, pl. v0l—vy00-ly /'vulvjolas/, pl. /-lAI/ Volzhsky city, Russia volzh-ski /'vn13ski/ vomer small bone separating the nasal cavities voh-muhr /'vaoma(r);' Vonnegut, Kurt American writer
von-uh-guht /'vnnagat/ von Recklinghausen's disease hereditary illness
fon rek-ling-how-zuhnz /fon 'reklu;1,hauzanz/ Voortrekker an Afrikaner who migrated north foor-trek-uhr /'foa(r),treke(r),' Vorarlberg state, Austria fawr-arl-bairk /'fo:r,u:(r)1be:(r)k/ Voronezh city, Russia vuh-r0n—yuhZh /ve'ronja3/ Vorstellung pl. Vorstellungen mental image
for-shtel-uung, pl. for-shtel—uung~uhn /'fa:(r),jte1un/, pl. /-lunan/ vortex pl. vortices whirling mass vor-teks, pl. vor-tiss—eez /'va:(r)tsks/, pl. /-tisizzj ~ Standard -es plural is also possible. Vosges mountain system, France
vohzh /vau3/ Vostolt Soviet spacecraft
vost-ok /'vnstnk/ votary monk or nun voh-tuh-ri /'vaotari,' voussoir stone used to construct an arch voo-swar ,/'vu:swu:(r),/ Vouvray white wine
voov-ray /'vu:vre1/'
vox humana organ stop voks hyoo-mah-nuh /,v0ks hju:'mo:na,! VOX populi opinions of the majority voks p0p—yoo-lee /,vnks ‘pnpjulizf voyeur watcher vwy-ur /vw1u'a:(r)/ Vuillard, Edouard French painter
ayd-war vwee-yar /,e1dwa:(r) vwi:'jo:(r)/ Vuitton, Louis French fashion designer
lwee vwee5to(ng)l,Iwi: vwi:‘t5/ Variouslanglicizationsinay
heard
reference to his fashion label.
Vukovar battle site, Croatia voo—kuh-var /'vu:kavu:(r)/ Vulgate Latin version of the Bible
vul—gayt /'v1\lge1t/ Vulpecula constellation
vul-pek-yuul—uh /val'pekjola/ vulpine relating to foxes vul-pyn /'VAlPAll1/ Vyatka town and river, Russia
vyaht-kuh /'vju:tka/' vygie flower
fay-khi /'ferxi/
4-18
W33] river, Netherlands
vahl fvo:1/ Wabbit exhausted (Scottish) wab-it /'wab1t/ Wadi valley wod-i /'wodi/ Wadi Halfa town, Sudan wod-i hal-fuh /,wndi 'halfa/ I Established anglicization.
Waifen SS combat units in Nazi Germany
vaf-uhn /'vafan/ Wagga Wagga town, Australia wog-uh wog-uh /,wnge 'woga/ Wagner, Richard German composer
rikh-art vahg-nuhr /,rica:(r)t 'vu:gne(r)/ wagon-lit railway sleeping car
vag—o(ng) lee /,vagfi '11:,’ Wahhabi (also Wahabi) Sunni
Muslim sect
wuh-hah-bi /we'ho:bi/ Waiata Maori song
wy-uh-tuh /'w1uata;' Waikato river, New Zealand
wy-kah-toh /WAl'l((1Zl8U,/ Waikiki beach, Hawaii wy—kik-ee /'wl\1k1,ki:/ Wainscot wooden panelling on walls wayn-skuht /'weInskat,' Waitangi, Treaty of founding document of New Zealand wy-tang-i /WAI'lI8.'[_]l/ Wajda, Andrzej Polish film director an-jay vy-duh /,and3eI 'vA1da/ wakame Japanese edible seaweed
wak-am-ay /'wakame1/ Wakhan salient corridor of land, Afghanistan
wuh-kahn /wa'kc1:n/ wakizashi short Japanese sword wa k-i-zash-i /.waki'zaIi/ Waldenses puritan religious sect wol-den—seez /wo1'dsnsi:z/
Waldheim, Kurt Austrian statesman
kuurt valt-hym /,ko(r)t 'va1thAim/ waldo remote-controlled device wawl-doh /'wo:ldao/ Waldorf type of salad wawl-dorf /'wo:1d:>:(r)f/ Waldsterben death of forest trees valt—shtair-buhn /‘valt‘j'te:(r)ban/ Waler breed of horse
way-luhr /'we1la(r)/
Walesa, Lech Polish statesman lekh va-wa(ng)-suh /,1ex va‘w§;sa/' wali governor
wah-Ii /'wc1:li:/ Wallacea zoogeographical area
wol-ay-si-uh /wo'le1sia/ wallaroo kangaroo
wol-uh-roo /,wn1e'ru:/ Wallasey town, England
wol-uh-si /'wolasi/
Wallenberg, Raoul Swedish diplomat rowl val-uhn-bairg /,rau1 'va1anbe:(r)g/ Waller, Fats American jazz musician
fats wol-uhr /,fats 'w1)le(r)/ Wallis and Futuna Islands islands, South Pacific wol-iss f00—to0-nuh /'wol1s fu:'tu:na,/ Walloon French-speaking Belgian wol-oon /wo'lu:n/ Walpole, Robert English statesman
wawl-pohl /'w0:1paol/ Walpurgisnacht May Day's eve
va|—puur-giss-nakht /val'poa(r)gisnaxt/ Walras’ law economic law val-ra hss ,l'valro:s/ Walsall town, England
wawl-sawl /'w:>:lso:l/ Walsingham, Francis English politician
wawl-sing-uhm /'wo:1s11]am/
+19
Walther, Johann Gotfried | wavicle
Walther, Johann Gotfried German composer
yoh-han got-freet val-tuhr /jaohan ,gotfri:t 'valta(r)/ Walvis Bay port, Namibia
wawl-viss /'wo:lv1s/ Wampanoag member of a confederacy of American Indian peoples wahm-puh-noh-uhg /,wo:mpa'naoag/ Wampum beads used as money
wom-puhm /'wompam/ wan pale
won /won,’ Wanamaker, Sam American actor and
ot-oh var-buurk /,otao 'va:(r)bork/ Wax-dour Street used to allude to the British film industry wor-duhr /'w:):(r)da(r)/ Warfarin rat poison and drug
wor-fuh-rin /'wo:(r)farIn/ Warhol, Andy American artist
wor-hohl /'wa:(r)haol/ Warlpiri Australian Aboriginal language
worl-puh-ri /'wo:(r)1pari/ warmonger advocate of warfare
wor-mung-guhr /'wo:(r),mnI]ga(r)/
won-uh~may-kuhr /'wnnarne1ka(r)/
warrigal dingo dog worr-ig-uhl /'wnrigel/ Warrington town, England
This pronunciation is also correct for his
worr-ing-tuhn /'WDI‘IIJt8l'lf
director
actress daughter, Zoe.
Wandeljahr pl. Wandeijahre year spent travelling abroad
van-duhr-yar, pl. van-duhr-yar-uh /'vanda(r)jo:(r)/, pl. /-re/ Wanderlust desire to travel
won-duhr-lust ,f'wonda(r)lnst,/ Sometimes also van-duhr-luust, a more German-sounding pronunciation.
Wanganui port, New Zealand
wong-uh-noo-i /_wm]a'nu:i/ Wankel engine rotary internal-combustion engine
“'i'_!1l$;F1l‘,'elil’V‘*1‘3li*?l/
Established anglicization. The surname of
the engine's German inventor is pronounced
vank-uhl. Wannsee lake resort and location of a Nazi conference, Germany van-zay /'vanzet/ wapentake county subdivision
wop-uhn-tayk /'WDp8nteIl{/ wapiti red deer wop-it-i /'wnp1tij Waqf charitable endowment made by a Muslim
wokf fwnkff waratah Australian shrub
worr-uh-tah /,wnra'tu:/ Warbeck, Perkin Flemish claimant to the English throne pur-kin wor-bek /,pa:(r)km 'w:):(r)bsk/ Warburg, Otto German biochemist
Warsaw capital of Poland
wor-saw /'w:>:(r)so:/ Established The Polish name is Warszawa, pronounced var-shav-uh.
Warwick town, England worr-ik /’wnr1kf Warwick, Dionne American singer dee—0n wor-wik /‘(lion 'wa:(r)w1k/ wasabi Japanese paste
wuh-sah-bi /wa'su:bi/ wassail spiced ale or mulled wine woss-ayl /"wnse1l/ Wat Buddhist monastery or temple
wat /wat/ Waterloo battle site, Belgium
waw-tuhr-loo /_wo:ta(r)'lu:/ Established anglicization. The French
pronunciation is vat-air-loh [vaterlo], and
theliilenlish is wah,-tu hgr-loh ['wa:tar1o]. Watteau, Jean Antoine French painter
zhah(ng) ah(ng)-twahn wot-oh /,3c'1 ii,two:n 'wotaof, [vato] v Established anglicization of surname. wattle building material
wot-uhl /'wotal/ Waugh, Auberon English writer
aw-buh-ruhn waw /,o:beran 'wo:/ Waugh, Evelyn English novelist eev-lin waw /jzvlm 'w:>:/ wavicle entity having properties of both
waves and particles
way-vik-uhl /'weiv1kal/
wayang I Wenceslas
420
wayang Javanese theatrical performance
wah-yang /'wo:jaIJ/ Wayland the Smith legendary
vy-mar /'vA1ma:(r)/ Weimaraner breed of dog
wuh-zeer /wa'zIa(r)/
vy-muh-rah-nuhr /'vA1me,ru:ne(r)/
Weald district in south England
weeld /wi:ld/ Weaver, Sigourney American actress sig-oor-ni /sI'goa(r)ni/ Weber, Carl Maria von German composer
karl muh-ree-uh fon vay-buhr /,ku:(r)1me_ri:e fon 've1ba(r)/ Weber, Wilhelm German physicist
vil-helm vay-buhr /,v11hs1m 'veIba(r)/ Tl-ieiSiI innit oi magnetic flux is named alter this scientist, and pronounced in the same way. -
Webern, Anton von Austrian composer an-ton fon vay-buhrn /,antnn fon 'verba(r)n/ Weddell Sea arm of the Atlantic Ocean wed-uhl /'wedal/ Wedekind, Frank German dramatist frank vay-duh-kint /,frar_|k 've1dak1nt/ Wedgwood trademark English pottery wej—wuud /'wsd3wud/ Weejee pseudonym of American photographer Arthur Felig
wee-jee /'wi:ji:/ Weelkes, Thomas English composer wilks fwrlksl Wegener, Alfred German meteorologist
al-frayt vay-guh-nuhr /,a1fre1t 'vergana(r)/ Wehrmacht German armed forces
vair~makht /‘ve:(r)maxt/ Wei Chinese dynasty
producer
Wyn-Steen /'WAII1SlZlII1/ Weinstube pl. Weinstuben small German tavern
vyn-shtoob-uh, pl. vyn-shtoob-uhn /'vAIn,j'tu:ba/, pl. /-j"tu:ben/ Weismann, August German biologist
ow-guust vyss-man /,augost 'vmsman,' Weissmuller, Johnny American swimmer and actor
wyss-muul-uhr /'WAIS|I'I1Ul8(I‘)/ Weisswurst German veal sausage
vyss-voorst /'vA1svoa(r)st/ Weizmann, Chaim Russian~bom Israeli statesman khym vyts-muhn /,xArm‘vn1tsman/ welcll fail to pay debts weltch /welt_l'/ Welkin sky
wel-kin /'ws1k1n/ Well/com town, South Africa
vei-kuhm /'vslkam/ Welles, Orson American film director or-suhn welz/,o:(r)san'wa1z/ Wellinglonifl. giant redwood tree
wel-ing—t0h-ni—uh /,weln]'taunia,'
wels fish velss /vsls/ Weltanschauung pl.
velt-an-show-uung, p1.velt-an-show-uung-uhn
Wei ch’i Chinese board game
_
Weidenfeld, George English publisher
see-mon vay /si:_mnn ‘veil
Weinberg, Steven American physicist wyn-burg /'wA1nba:(r)g/ Weinstein, Harvey American film
Weltanschauungen view of life
way /weI/
way-fang /,weI‘fan{ Weil, Simone French essayist
Weil’s disease leptospirosis Weimar city, Germany
wazir vizier
vy-duhn-felt ,l'vAIdanfe1t/ Weifang city, China
koort vyl /,ku(r)t 'vA11/ vylz /VAllZ/
character way-Iuhnd /‘Welland,’
way chee /wei 'tIi:/
Weill, Kurt German composer
/'vslt,an_Fauu1]/, pl. /-on an] Weltschmerz world-weariness velt-shmairts /'vs1t,Ims:(r)ts/ Welty, Eudora American writer
yoo-daw-ruh wel-ti /'wslti/ Wenceslas king of Bohemia; also called
Wenceslaus
wen—suhss-lass /‘wensaslas/
4-21
Welsh
E Welsh Welsh is one of the native languages of the UK, a Celtic language spoken mostly in Wales. The BBC broadcasts extensively in Welsh (see * httml/wvvw.bbc.co:u*l§[cyinru), and we usually consult native speakers working within the BBC to verify our recommendations. The pronunci» ation of Welsh is complicated by several factors, including the influence ‘ of English on some spellings and pronunciations and the considerable variation in pronunciation between different parts of Wales. Some broad guidelines are given here, but in practice we always check Welsh pronunciations with native speakers for acceptability.
Stress Stress in Welsh generally falls on the penultimate syllable. If the final syllable is stressed, this is marked with an acute accent.
\
. Consonants 1 Most consonants are pronounced as in English. CH is pronounced kh as in Scottish loch. DD is pronounced th as in there; Dajjydd is pronounced dav-ith. F is usually pronounced v, and FF is pronounced f. LL is pronounced hl. To make this sound, position your tongue as ifyou are about to say an English L, then blow air around the sides.
Vowels A circumflex indicates that a vowel is long, and a grave indicates that a vowel is short. However, these accents do not always appear. In our recommendations A is pronounced a if short, and ah if long.
E is pronounced e, air, or ay. I is pronounced i or ee, or y as in yes when followed by a vowel, unless the I has a diaeresis (l), in which case it is i or ee despite the following vowel. O is pronounced 0 if short, oh if long, and U is pronounced i if short, ee ‘ if long. i y W, which is a vowel in Welsh, is pronounced uu or 00; Clwyd is pronounced kloo-id. l ' Y, which is a vowel in Welsh, is pronounced u as in bun, i, or ee. This varies with regional accent as well as vowel length. VVhen it appears on its own it is the Welsh word for the, and has an unstressed pronunciation uh. Diphthongs are usually sequences of their component parts.
Wenceslaus | wholly
4-22
Wenceslaus king of Bohemia; also
west-uhn soo-puhr mair /_westan
called Wenccslas wen-suhss-lowss fwansaslaosl Wenger, Arsene French football manager
_su:pa(r) 'ms:(r)/
ar-sen veng-uhr /u:(r),sen 'vana(r)/ Established anglicization for his surname. The French pronunciation is va(ng)-gair
[végsr]. Wensleydale cheese wenz-Ii-dayl /'wsnz1ide1l/ Wenzhou city, China wen-joh f,wsn'd3ao/ werewolf person who changes into a wolf wair~wuuIf /'ws:(r)wolf/ Werner, Abraham German geologist
ah-bruh-ham vair-nuhr /,o:breham 'vs:(r)na(r)/ ’ Werner, Alfred French-born Swiss
chemist
al-fruhd vair-nair /,alfrad vs:(r)'na:(r)j Wernicke’s area region of the brain wur-nik-uhz /'wa:(r)nikaz/ Established anglicization. Discovered by German scientist Carl Wernicke, pronounced vair-nik-uh.
Wertenbaker, Timberlake Basque—born playwright
tim-buhr-layk wurt-uhn-bayk-uhr /,t1mba(r)1elk wa:(r)tanbe1ka(r),' Wesak Buddhist festival; also called Vesak
wess-ak /‘wesak/ Weser river, Germany vay-zuhr /'ve1za(r)/ Wesker, Arnold English dramatist wesk-uhr /'wsska(r)/ Wesley, John English preacher wez-li /‘wszli/ West Bromwich town, England West brom-itch /_west ’brnm|tj‘/ West, KanYe American rap singer kahn-yay west [,ko:njeI 'wsst/ Westmann Islands islands, Iceland
vest-muhn /'vsstmen/ Westmeath county, Republic of Ireland
west—meeth /wsst'mi:B/ Westmorland former county, England
west-muhr-Iuhnd /'westma(r)1and/ Weston-super-Mare town, England
Westphalia former province, Germany west-fay-Ii-uh /wcst'ferl1al Established anglicization. The German
name is Westfalen, pronounced vest—fah—luhn. weta grassh0pper—like insect
>3?!-9.b_/lwee’. ...._. Alsothienamie of a Zealand company, particularly noted for their work on the Lord ofthe Rings trilogy.
Weyden, Rogier van der Flemish painter
rokh-eer vun duhr vy-duhn /ro,x1a(r) van da(r) 'VAI(l3Tl/, Dutch [r0,vi:r vun dor vsiden] ~ See DUTCH panel. Weymouth port, England
way-muhth /'weimaB/ whanau Maori extended family or community fah-now /'fo:nao/ Whangarei port, New Zealand
fong-uh-ray /'fnnarei/ what-finger keeper of a wharf
wor-fin-juhr /'wo:(r)fmd3a(r)/ Wharton, Edith American writer
wor-tuhn /'w:>:(r)tan,' whaup curlew
wawp /wozpl Wheatstone, Charles English physicist weet-stuhn /'wi:tstan/ wheesht interjection used to demand silence (Scottish) weesht /wi:_[t/ Whinchat songbird
win-chat /'w1nt_1'at/ whippoorwill nightj ar wip-puhr-wll /'w1pa(r)w1l,' Whitlam, Gough Australian statesman gof wit-luhm /,gof 'wrt1am/ Whitsuntide part of the church calendar wit-suhn-tyd /'witsantA1d/ Whoa command to a horse to make it stop or slow down
woh /wao/ Wholly entirely l'\O|'1l-ll /'l‘l8Ull/
423 Commonly pronounced in this way, with a
long or double I, to avoid confusion with holy.
whooping cough disease
hoo-ping /'hu:pn3,' whoreson unpleasant or disliked person hor—suhn /'h0:(r)san/ whorl turn in the shell of a gastropod or mollusc worl /w:):l/ Whyalla town, Australia wy—al-uh /wi\I'ala/ whydah weaver bird
wid—uh /'w1da/ Whymper, Edward English mountaineer wimp-uhr /'wimpa(r)/ Wicca religious cult of modern witchcraft
wik-uh /'w1ke/ Wichita city, US witch-it-aw /'wIt1'1to:/ wickiup American Indian hut
wik-i-up /'w1ki1\p/ Wicklow county, Republic of Ireland
wik-loh /'wiklao/
Wickremesinghe, Rani] Sri Lankan prime minister
run-il wik-ruh-muh-sing-huh /,mni1 _w1krama'sn3ha/ witldersliins anticlockwise wid-uhr-shinz /‘w1da(r)_\‘mz/ Widget small device wij-uht /'w1d3et/ Widnes town, England wid-nuhss /‘w1dnas/ Wien see Vienna
Wiener sausage
wee-nuhr /'wi:na(r)/ Wiener means ‘Viennese’ in German; a less
anglicized pronunciation veen-uhr is usual in phrases such as ‘Wiener schnitzel' and ‘Wiener waltz’.
Wiesbaden city, Germany
veess-bah-duhn /'vi:sbu:dan,' Wiesel, Elie Romanian-born American human rights campaigner
el-i vee-sel /_alivi:'ss1/ Wiesenthal, Simon Austrian Jewish investigator of Nazi war crimes
zee-mon vee-zuhn-tahl /_z1:mnn
whooping cough I Winnebago 'vi:zant(1:l/ The §imonWWiesenthal lcentreslin
US
usually anglicize the first name to Sy-muhn.
Wigan town, England wig-uhn ,"w1gen/
Wilberforce, William English politician
wil-buhr-forss ,"w11ba(r)fo:(r)s/ wildebeest mammal
wil-duh-beest /'WI]dabi:st/ Wilder, Billy Austrian -born American film director wyI—duhr /'WAIld8(I‘)/ Wilder, Thornton American writer
wyl-duhr /'WAIld8(I‘)/ Wilhelm former emperor of Germany vil-helm /'vilhs1ml Wilhelmina former queen of the
Netherlands wil-hel-mee-nuh /,w11hs1'mi:na/ Wilhelmshaven port, Germany
vil—he|mz-hah-vuhn /'v11he1mz,hc1:van/ Wilkes Land region of Antarctica
wilks /w1lks/ Willemstad capital of the Netherlands Antilles wil-uhm-sta ht /'w1lamstc1:t;'
William of Occam see Occam wily skilled at gaining an advantage
wy-Ii /'wmli/ Wimereux town, France
vee-muh-roe /'vi:marce/ winceyette fabric win—si~et /,wmsi'et/ Winchester city, England win—chuh-stuhr /‘w|ntj'asta(r)/ Winckelmann, Johann German archaeologist
yoh-han vink-uhl-man /,jauhan 'v1r]kalman,-'
Windermere lake, England wind-uhr-meer /'w1nda(r)m1a(r)/ Windhoek capital of Namibia
vint-huuk /‘v1nthok/ windigo cannibalistic giant
wind-ig-oh /'w1nd1gao/ wing cliun simplified form of kung fu wing chuun /wn] 'tIon/ Winnebago American Indian ethnic
group
win—uh—bay—goh /_w1na'be1gau/
Winnipeg I wonga Winnipeg city, Canada win-ip-eg /'w1n1psg/ Winterhalter, Franz German painter
frants vint-uhr-halt-uhr /frants 'vinta(r),ha1te(r),' Winterthur town, Switzerland
vint-uhr-toor /'v1nta(r),tua(r)/ Wirral peninsula, England wirr-uhl /'w1ra1/ Wirtschaftswunder economic miracle
veert—shaf‘ts-vuund-uhr /'v1a(r)t_l'afts_vunda(r)/ Wirtshaus pl. Wirtshiiuser inn in a German-speaking country
veerts-howss, pl. veerts-hoyz-uhr /'v1a(r)tshaus/, pl. /-ho1ze(r)/ Wisbech town, England
wiz-beech /'w1zbi:tI/ Wisconsin state, US wiss-kon-sin /w1s'knns1n/ Wisden, John English cricketer wiz-duhn /'wrzdan/ wiseacre person with an affectation of knowledge wyz-ayk-uhr /'wA1zeIka(r)/ Wisent bison
wee-zuhnt /'wi:zant/ Wissenscliafl pursuit of knowledge viss-uhn-shaft /'v1sanIaft/ Wisteria climbing shrub wist-eer-i-uh /wi'st|aria/ Witchetly large beetle larva witch-uh-ti /'w1tj'ati/ witenagemot Anglo-Saxon council
wit-uhn-uh-guh-moht /‘witanage,maot/ withal in addition
with-awl /wi'o:>:l/ Withy willow branch with-i /‘wroi/ Wittenherg town, Germany
vit-uhn-bairk /‘vrtanbs:(r)k/
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Austrian-British philosopher
loot-vikh vit-guhn-shtyn /_iu:tvi