Djerma Basic Course.

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DOCUMENT B8SUME, ti

+40

.FL 008'821

ED 143 238

Cobper, Paul.V.; Rice, Oliver' pjerma Basic Course.

D AUttiOR TITTLE

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Peace. Corps, Washigsgton,.D.C.

INSTITUTION PUB DATE CONTRACT NOTE

[661 VC-72-556 314p.;- Best copy available

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MF-$0.8 BC- $16.73 Plus Postage.

EDRS PRICE.

DESCRIPTORS

*African Langliages"; Audiolingual ethbds; AutOilistructional Aids; Graimar; I tiCiaomaf Materials; *Intensive Language Courbe ; *Language In'struction; Language Skills; Pattern Drills : (Language) ; *Second Language Learni -ng; Tape_

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Recordingg; *Textbooks Dialogs (Language\Learning);.*Djerma

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IDENTIFIERS

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. * _ 4 . ,Thig textbook presents the:essen;tial structural featdres of Djerma as it is currently spokes in the western region of Niger. The course is organized into 30 units which constitute instructional material for from 300 to 400 hours of classroom instruction. It is spedifically designed fdr intensive training programs of approximately4 to 5 hours per day, or 30 hours pet week,. extending; over a period of 10 to 12 weeks. Thirty tape recordings, containing the dialogues and drills of the 30'units, were developed, to accompahy'the text. These should be used regularly by the -student in a° language laboratory or with a tape recorder for reinforcement of what has been learned in the classroom. In the ideal,

ABSTRACT .-'

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a native Spea,ier of(1') Djerma'who will act as a teacher" and as a model of hi language whom the student will imitate in intensive drill sessions;, nd (2) a linguistic scientist.y.ho'will answer questionas about t e structure of situation,sthe'student will h)ave'..acqess to:

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the language. The courselis, however, t0 lgtge degte ,'Self-inttructional, .and ,the student who Thcks the opppr unity for formal classroom' instruction can4ake considerable prog ess by ,diligent,use of teit and tapes. (Author/CLK)

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DJERMA BASIC

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prepared by

Enkiiih Language Services, Inc. 800 Eighteenth St., N.W. Washington, D. C. 41,

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These nateriali were prepared by English-Language.Services, for.the Peace Corps .under Contftct No.,PC.72-556., . I : U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDLICATION*1. WELFARE fl ***:ii

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PERMItSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO.

auceo

'EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM :THE PERSON OP ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATINC IT POINTS OP VIEW OR OPHOONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE ' SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION Orr PCTLICY

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TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AND THE ERIC. SYSTEM CONTRACTORS'

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PREFACE 4

*rma Basic Course was Pl.epared in the field by Paul V. Cooper; liniuist, and Oliver Rice, writer and edAgr. The structuranalysis was aided' by referehce to Practical Method for the Study of the Zerma ,

Language, Re iised Edition, °1.965, developed by the Mission-Chraienne I

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d'Afri.qu.e, Niamey) Niger. Extensive intervieVs weave conducted with ... . . r 0' 4 J

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NOUS-Pa S; ini 0

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',tine priicipal.iaPormant; and with the' Toloving-native..: . 4*

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s i .Mariel2AliMatou, tirama' Keitat TereSe Keita, -and. &mina' \

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1.1himape. The Voiced head on the tapes are those ot Moussa Durafey, Kadijito Keita, Teresa Keita, $ouna Mahamane, and Moussa Seini. Tine. recordings were'made in the studios -of Radioltigee, Niamey.

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INTRODUCTION*

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For Instructor and Students

Course Description

Djerma Basic Course presents the..essential structural features of

Djerma as it'is currently spoken in the western region of Niger. The ,course is orgahized into 30 units which constitute instructional materie.1 for from 300 'to 1400 Ficiur8 of classroom instruction. It is Speci.

fically designed for intensive training programs of approximately ,4 to 5 hours_per day, or 30 hours per week,, extending over a period of 10 to .

12 weeks.

Accompanying DjermaiBasic Course are 30 tape recordings containing .

-.ihe dialogues and drills-of the-30 units. These Should be Usedregularly

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by the studefit in a language laboratory or with a tape recorder for reinforceitent of what has been learned in the Classroom.

the ideal learnin (1) a native speaker of

situation the student will . have access to jerma who will act as a teacher,and,as Aa model

,of ,his language whom the student will imitate in intensive drill sessions;

and (2) a linguistic scientist who will answer questions about the strut,

tore of. ,the language. The course is, howeveryto a large degree self-

instructional, and the'student who lacks the opportunity for formal classroom instruction can make considerable progress by diligents,use of text and tapes.

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Units 1.e20 contain Dialogues, Structural- Drills, and Phonology .

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Drills. Units 21-30 contain Dialogues and Structuial Drills only. Where-

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apprOPriate,'there are notes on the Dialogues, Structural°Drills, and. Phonology Drills. In accordance with they principle-thlt language learning is overI)

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learning,. each unit,contaihs exhaustive drills baked on the utterances

4f the dialogues. The student is thus provided with materiar through o

-which he can inIternalize,Djerma structures by manipulating them in their

'variety of forms and combinations, thuS gradually,acguiring the 'habits,

of automatic respons6 and control necessary for fluency in the-language.

General Comments N

Use normal conversational:Speed. Do not speak more slowly than your instructor, and do not ask him to blow down his normal speech' tempo.

With repeated, careful.listening, facility in comprehension will increase.

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This is the best preparation for understanding produced -by native speakers.

he rapid strew of speech

Use ,Werma almost exclusively'in,the classroom.. At least 80% of

classroom time should be spent hearing and speak4Ng the target language.

$ Talk )bout the language should be kept to 1 minimA. Master the material As you go. Review frequently.Orogress will be se,

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". * most rapid if the material Of each unit is thoroughl3e1earned-beforegoing on to the,next. Usage is the _criterion for what is acceptable. in' language: Native

speakers'of alangliage often differ as to what is acceptable, depending /t

on their dialects. If your-instructor pronounces certain words in a, s

manner different from that indicated in the text or oh thejape,-im4tates

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your instructor but be aware of 'existing differences.

Procedures lo

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Most of the units, begin with a series of dialogues which contain the basic material Of the unit. These dialogues` should be thoroughly" .

memorized. To this end, imitate your instructor and/or work carefully ,c,.

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with 'the tapes.

Dialogues are given with either their Eriglish literal or contextual ,

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equivalents.` .`Khe letters RA" and "B" appearing to the left of- each com , 1

lalete utterance representdifferent speakers.New words or phrases are listed separately just above the complete utterances'.: f

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It is suggested that the instructor begin a, new unit,by reading aloud the complete utterances of the first dialogue -at.least three, times. _

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Next, he should read aldkid the_ entire dialogue, including new-vocabulary, .

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at least twice. DUring thi; time, students' books. should be closed. Stu.

dents should hear each utterance before seeing it. Then the instructor I

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hpve the entire class repeat,\

should model:each utterance in turn

the utterance chbraliy at,last. Three Vmes.

at the chbral-repetitionds

When the instructor is satisfie

ionatidn, and st.rAs, and-that

reasonably accurate rn pronunciation, .

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h 'student individually on

the speed is adequate, he should

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the same,:,utterance as,niny times as - necessary to produce satisfactory . . I

perfornance. If 4

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the- instructor

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finds that a

'student

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has considerable

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difficulty.With apy portion ofan,utterancep`even after severaratempt-s, .4f

'he should go. on to the next, student and return-at another time to the

student who is having difficulty." When the entire class has gone through all the dialogues"-of the

unit chorally and individually, with'books closed, the students should -'

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open their books and listen to the instructor read the complete dialogues again, comparing their aural impn ssions with the printed page and rioting the English equivalents. The instructor should then-read each utterance and have, the students read after'him at least twice.

-u ;,At this point two students should participate in the dialogue, f

taking parts A and B respectively and practising it until itds virtu-;_ ally-ftiemorized."This pr9eedure should continue around the

clasi until 6

each student has .pla -

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both roles.

If,questions arise at this point concerning -

the Djerma utter- t

ancels as it is, the instructor should not- allow himself to be diverted

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.. from his.pralary6 task of serving as the best model of the language and

master. He should not-attempt a discussianof,the language's

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histAiry but should mere

state that this

the way the Djermas express

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themkelies. The linguist c scientist.and/or the notes on the dialogues .

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I 'answer essential questions concerning the strUctural items presented. ....

Phonology Drills ao

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j ,Phonology Drills-provide drills on the important phonological fea-. I

-tures of Therma. They may be used by the instructor in the classroom i101,, d

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guided imitation,dill sessions similar to those employed for the dialogues: Alternately, the-instructor may chooseonly those items drilling sounds which have proved difficult for his students. The Phonology Drills of Units l -if are essentially syllable drills and are built up in reverse

order to preserve the normal intonation features of the sentence;

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Structural Drills

:4: Structural Drills provide exhaustive practicevin the structures found in the dialogues. There are substitution drills? response drills, and ex.

pansion drills. Each item shOuld be, thoroughly drilled untilythe students o

can bay the drills automatically and understand the meaning of each one. Mastery of the

means thathe student can Uhderst4Fleand produce boOk closed.

the drill items flliently and automatically

Substitution Drills. The instructor reads 'aloud the first or model

utterance of a drill, invites student repetition, reads the next utter. 1

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which contains the substitution itemy,ugain invites student repe/

tition, cpntiniltN

1-1 this manner tth.bugh the entire drill so that each

student is able to,rePeatmac

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drill item at /east twice. ..

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tiqs point the instructor again gives the first or modgi utter4...

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-ance-r He then gives only the cue item (underlined substitution item) of

the next utterance and calls nn astudent to give thethmplete utterance. .

Sim.ilys the instructor provides each of the following cue items in turn and designates other students to.respond4'An example of single-item substitution follows. Instructor:

Wodin ga ti

Student:

Wodin ga ti iri wine.

wone. 11°0

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InstruOtor;

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StUHent:

Wodin ga ti a wone.

Instructor:

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Student:

Wodin gl/ ti. i wone. AN*

Instructor:'

Student:

ay Wodin ga ti 2.y wone.

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1Follciwing is an example of double -item, substitution. ,

Instrilctor:

.-student:

Ni zen da'ga 2.z?

arint. .

fi

Aran zap_ da'ga

Instructor:

a

iri-

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Student:

A zen, da tga iri?

Instructor:

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Student:

Iri zen da'ga i'gey?

. iri .

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i'ga

i'gey

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Instructor: Student.:

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ay

Ni zen da'ga Ez?

Response Drills. The instructor works through,a response drill with .

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the 'students for familiarization as with the Substitutio nDrills.-Than' )

,he,again gives the first utterance and designates a student toprovide the;, appropriate

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example follows.

Instructor: I to_se noalborey go ga goy tyere banda? Student: 9

I ga hima ga tyere ga.

Instructor:

I fo se no alborey'go ga goy tyere bnda?

Student:

I ga dona ga tyere ga.°

Instructor:

I fo Se'no.alborey.go ga goy tyere banda?'

Student:

goy.,ga tyere

As a vaiiationctwo'Or mare-students c

tconduct a response drill among .

themares, then designate other studen a fUrther variation, and to Check

'to conduct the next one.As Of the material; the.instructor

may give a response and desi: ate a student ogive the utterance thatir

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tri.ggere it. .

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...' . 0 Expansion Drills. Thf--instractor works through an expansion drill' .

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with the students for familiarization as with the Substitution and ,

s the first

Response Drills)Then,he again

each expnsion cue in turn and

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utterance followed by

esignates students to give the expanded e

sentences. An example follows. Instructor: 3 5tudent:,

Kolkoti no iri ga dwna. .

Damsi nda kolkoti

damsi

duma.

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.i. . hayni

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Hayni nda daMsi nda kolkoti no iri ga duma.

Student:

Instructor:

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Now give the original unexpandee,utterane.

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Kolkoti no iri ga duma.,

Student:

Phonology'and Orthography

There areseveral orthographic systems currently in ube for the

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representation of Djerma sounds. Since very= little written material

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exists,nd since.mostiof.that is being produced by.the.Service de

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isation etAe-l'Education des'Adultes of the Niger Ministry

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ofEducation,rit-has. seemed advisable to adopt a modified form of the ,

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system used by the Service. The only difprende is that, libere.the .

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Service,uses the dillicumflex'accent over vowels sand n to represent

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nasalization and velarizationwe have used an apostrophe following the letter in question. Since elisiOn ot vowels-has not been indicated

in the text in order'not lc obscure the udelided forMs of elided words, no confusion should result from the use of the apostrophe in place of

'the circumflex accent. The orthography employd representsthe sounds Of Derma quite consistently, there being_dirqos

always a one-for-ode 4

correspondence between sound and symbol,,

tress. Many Djerma utterances contain a succession of monosl-'

Waits more or less evenly stressed. In most two-syllable words, stress (s,

is on the first syllable. The last syllable of some two-syllable words,

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.however,-appears to receive As much stress as the first--sy4able, if .11

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not more.%In three"- and four -.Syllable words,'primary stress is on the. ..

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first syllable. with'a secondary stress on the third syllable.'

Tone. The functionof t.one in'Djerma is \subject in need of more study. Djerma words exist having two or more different meanings, which .

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appear to be 4iistingUished4 in isblation, only by\a.difference in tone. However, whell these same words are uttered within the context of a sen...,

tence, the tonal distinction is blurred, and it is often difficult to /

detect the difference in tone heard previously when the word was, uttered in isolation. Tona

distinCtions must. be learned as they occur. In general,

the, context is- the

t guide for understanding the meaning of individual

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words.

Vowel and,ConsOhant Leng.Lowellenkth andconsonant length

in many a

oases phoneinic, i. eo,

worduttirld

,...here is

a

are

difference in meaning between

with a short vowel and the sane woi(1-ered with a long

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vowel,; likewiseit-between a word uttered with wsingl Consonant afid the A

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saMe'*6rd uttered with 'a:doubIe consonant. For Such clmtvstso.see the note ,t ote tohehPhonology Drills

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.:ronal anelength contrasts arepreSented in the

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Logy Drills

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of Units X12 =202;

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Dialogue 14

A: Man i key/

AA Where did they go?

B: I koy faro do.

B: They went to the field.

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d they go to the bi\field?*

key fari berg do?

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B: NO, t

B: Hata, i koy fari kayha da,

y went to the small field.

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'Notes ono the

1. Bi can occhr at the beginning or the =nd of/an expression. o

our forms: indefinite singular and

2. Most Djerma nouns and adjectives have plural and definite sin are indefinite singulars;

Habu 'market' and fari 'field'

ar and pl

and faro 'field' are definite

abo 'market nite

singulars. Bero 'big' is a'd

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ingular form. Certain nouns, like

ices, like kayna 'small,' have the

kwera 'village,' and certain a.

same ford in the definite and indefinite singular. When an adjective me

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dints a noun in a definite expression, the adjective takes the definite form and the noun the indefinite.

Hereafter, the conventions "def."

and ',indef." will be used to indicate these structural variations. 4

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Phonology Drills

bi?'

A.

do.

B.

keybi? ni

babe

bero

,habo do.

bero do?

bu habu

koy habo do._

nan Alan ni key bi?

roo

koy

ni koy bi?

O

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bo

key

ay

habu be'o do?'

key

Ay koy habo do.

key habu bero do?

ni Ni key habu be

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4

dO?

4.

D.

do.

,

.a,

1):

E.

na kayna

F.

do.

koy

habo

koy bi?

habo do.

ran

,ba

Acay,

aran

habu kayna do,

koy habo do,

aran koy bi?

ri

koy

man

iri

koy habu kayna do.

Man aran koy bi?

Iri kay habc do.

,

ELY

ay kay habu lya na do, ha I a

Hasa, ay k

liabu kayna do.

G.

db?

H.

do.

bero

kayna

bero do?

kayna do.

habu

habu

habu bero do?

habu kayna do.

kay

kay

kayhabu hero.do?

koy habu kayna do.

aran

iri

Aran toy habu bero dO?

iri kay ha u kayna do.

hata A

I.

koy?

J.

do.

a

Hata, iri koy

au kayna 46.

K.

:do?

ro

a koy?

bero

faro

man

bero do?

faro do,

Min-akoy/

ri

koy k

fari

koy faro do,

fari bero do?

A kay faro do;

kayfari_bero do?

a

)1

a A icoy fari bero do?

ell .1.

O

do.

L.

do.

M. faro

kayna kayna do.

faro do.

i koy?

fari

man

koy

fari kayna do.

Man i koy?

koy faro do.

koy koy fari kayna do.

I koy faro' do.

a

a kay fari kayna do. hata

Ha'al a koy farikayna do. do?

0.

do.

Po

bero

kayna

bero do?

kayna do.

fari

fari

fari bero do?

fari kayna do.

koy

oy

koy fari hero do?

ay fari kayna do.

koy fari bero do?

i koy fari kayna do. hata

Haial i koy fakkayna do. Structural Drills

4' A. 1. Man

koy bi?

A. 1. Where did you go yesterday?

2. Man aran koy bi? 3. Man a koy bi? it.- Man

2: Where did you go yesterday?

Where did he /she go yesterday?

i kay bi?

4. Where did they go yesterday?

B. 1. Man Fatu koyiPi?

B. 1. Where did Fatu go yesterday?

2. Man Bakari koy bi?

2. Where did Bakari go yesterday?

Yakuba koy bi?

3. There did Yakuba go yesterday?

3., 'Man

4. Man Abdu k

5.:Man

Mamaa ko

bi? bi?

6. Man Amina kay bi?

4. Where did Abdu go yesterday? 5. Where aid ?Daman gd yesterday ?, 6. Where did Amina go yesterday?

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C. 1. Man ni koy bi?

C. 1. Where did You go-yesterday?

Ay koy habo do.

I went to the market.

2. Man ni kay bi?

2. Where did

Ay koy -faro do.

I went to the field.

3. Man ni koy bi?

3. Where did You go yesterday?

koy kwara do.

D. 1. Man aran koy

I went to the village.

bi?

D. 1.. Itnieiedid you go

Iri koy habo do.

2. Man aran koy

bi?

2. Where did you go yesterday? We went to the field.

3. Man aran kay bi?

3.

12i koy lamas do.

balers

did you go yesterday?

iiie4fent to the village.

E. 1. Man Fatu koy bi?

E. 1. Where did Fatu go yesterday?

She went to the market..

A koy habo do. 2. Man Bakari kay

?

2. Where did Bakari go

\A key faro do.

yesterday?'

He went to the field.

;n. Talcuba koy bi?

.

3. Where did Takao, go yesterday?.

koy boars do.

F. 1. Man

yesterday?

We went to tile /market.

Iri kay faro do.

3.

you go yesterday/

He went to 'the village.

Abdi,nda Nail= koy bi.?

I key habo do.

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F. 1. Where did Abdti ;cad Masan go yesterday?

They'went to the market.

4 yu

2. Man Masan Ma Amin* koy

2. Where did Haaan_and Amina' go 'yester.

bi?

day?

I Imy faro do.

st-

3. Man

'MDT nda

They went to the field.

AMU koy

0. Where did Aminasand Abdu go yester..

bi?

day?

I key kwara do. 0..1.

Iti. koy habu

bare

They went"to the village. do?

G. 1. Did you go to

the big market?

2. Aran koy h4T bet%) do?

2. Did you go to the, big

3.

A 'coy habu bero do?

3. Did he/she go tp the big market?

I koy habu bero do?

4.

Did they go to

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the

market?

big market?

'1

H. 1.

'Ni koy fari bero do?

H. 1. Did you go to the

Aran koy fari bero do?

2. Did you go to the

3.

A koy fari bero do?

3. Did he/she

4.

I key fart bero do?

14. Did they

1.

Ni koy habli kayna do?

big

field?

'big field?

.

go to the big field?

go to

the

big, field?

I. 1. Did yon'go to the snail market?

2. Aran koy "habu kayna do?

2. Did you go to the small Mirket16

3.

tt koy ha" kayna

3. Did he/she go to the small market?

4.

I koy habu kayna

J. 1.

\j.e. Did they go to the snail

ma et?

Ni koy fart kayna do?

J. 1. Did you go to the small field?

2. Aran koy fari-kayna do?

2. Did' you go to the small field?

3*

A koy fari' kayna do?'

3. Did he/she go to the small field?

I kdy fari kayna do?

4. DI:d they go to.the Small field?

4.

I

4.

K. 1.

koy habu bero do.

K. 1. I went to the big market.

2, I

koy halk bero dot

2. We went to the big market.

3.

koy h u bero do.

3*-He/She went to the big market.

4.

I koy habu

ro do*

4. They went to the big Market.

e

2 L. 1*

koy.fari bero do.

L. 1. I went to the big field.

2.,Iri koy fart bero do.

2. We went-to the big field.

3.

A koy fari bero do.

3. He/She went to the big field.

4.

I koy far' bero' do.

4. They went to the big field.

11:10y habu kept do.

-

M. 10 ventto the small market*

la.. koy habu kayna.dok.,)

2. We went to the small market. 4

koy habu kayna do.

3. He/She vent-to the small market.

I koy-habu kgyna do.

14. They went to the snail market. t

koy fari kayna do.

N. 1..I'vent to the small field.

Iri koy farikayna do.

2. We went to the small field.

A koy fari kayna do.

3. He/She went to the small field.

I koy fari kayna do.

4. They went to the small

26

45

0.1. Ni koy habu bero do? 2. Ni koy

O. 1.'tdd you go to the big market?

do?

2. Did you go,to.the small market?

.3. Ni kay fart. ber do?

3. Did you go to the big, field ?'-'

.4. Ni -kay fart kayna do?

1i. Did you go to the small field?

S

4

P. 1. Aran kay habu bero do?

P. 1.1Dil you go to the big Market?

2. Aran kay habu kayna do?

2.-Did yoU go to the small market?

3. Aran koy fari-bero do?

3. Did-you go to the, big field?

1

4. Aran kay fari,kaynado?

4. Did you go to the small field?

.

Q. 1. A koy habu hero do?

Q. 1.'Tdd he/she go to the big. nierket?

2. A kaybebu kayna do?

2. Did he /she go to the small market?

3. A koy fari bero do?

3. Did he/she go to the big field?

1

A koy tars kayna do?

4. Did he /she go to the small field?

R. 1. X koy habu bero do?

R.v1.'Did they go to the big market?

24I koy,hallytA7d.o?

2. Da they go to the small market?

3. I koy fart

3. Did they go to the big. field?

rO do?

4. I kOy fa&kmyna do?

-

44 Did they go to the smalljield? \"

S. 1. A koy habu hero do.

S. 1. I went to the big Market:

2. Ay key habu kayna do._

2.I went to the small market.

3. Ay kaylari.bero do.

3. I went to the big field.,

Ay kay fari kayna do.

4. I went to the rail' field.

T. 1. Iri koy-habu bero do.

T. 1. We Went to the big market.

2. Iri koy baba keyna.do.

2. We went to the small market.

Iri kay Sari bero do.

3. We went to the big, field.,

4. Iri kay- taxi kiyna do.

4. We went to the-mall field.

II. 1. A koy habu bero

U. 1. He/She went to the big market.

kay habu kayna do.

2. He/She went to the small market.-

3. A koy fari bero

3. He/She went to the big field4

14. A koy fari.kgyna do:

4. He/she went to the small field.

27

4

A

J

4

V. 1. I koy habu bero do.

V.'1. They went to the-big market. 2. They went to the small market.-

2. I koy habu kayna do.

4

3: I koy fax

4. They went to the small field.-

4. I koy fari kayna do.

W. 1. Ni koy habu bero do?

da ta,

W. 1. Did you go to the big market?

No$I went to the small market.

ay koy Y bu kayna do.

3 2. Did you go to the small market?

2.Ni koy habu kaina,do?

No$ I went to the big market.

Hasa, ay kay habu bero do.

3. Did,you go to the big'field?

3. Ni koy fari bero do?

No, -event to the saall field.

Hasa, ay koy fari kayna do.

4. Didyou go to the small field?

h. Ni koy firi kayna do?

No$ I went to' the big field.

Hasa, ay koypri beilo do.

X. 1. Aran,koy habu bero do?

X. 1. Did you go to the big market? No$ we went to the'small market.

Hata, iri kay habu kayna do.

2. Did yoil go to the small market?

2. Aran koy habu keynado?

No$ we vent to the big market.

Hasa, iri koy habu bero do.

3. Did you go to the big

3.'Aran kOy fart bero do?

No$ we went to the small

Hasa, -iri koy fart kayna do.

4. Did you go to the Mall field?

6 Aran koy fari kayna do?

No$ we went to the big field.

Nalas,iri koy ?Sri bero do.

Y. 1: Fatu koy habu bero do?

"

3. They went to the big ineld.

bero

Y. 1. Did Fatu go to the big market? No, she went toethe small market.

Halals a koy habil kayna do.

2. Did takari go to the sisal market?

2; Bakari koy habu kayna do? Hita$.a koy habu bero do.

No, he went tQ the big

1

3. Yakuba koy fari bero do?

3. Did Yakuba

to the big field?

Not he went to the

Hata,.. a koy fart: kayna do.

"4. Did AMU go to the small tied?

haa'Abdu ko3r fari kayna, do?

Hata, a koy fart bero do.

No$ he went to thee'big

28

47

Z. 1. Anita !Ida Fatu kay habu bero

Z. 1. Did Amina and Fatu'go to the big -

do?

market? i koy habu kayna do.

2. lhdu nda man kay baba kay-,

na do?

'Nos, they vent to the small market.

2. Did Abdo. and &man go to the small 7

i kay habu bero do. 3. Bakari nda Abdu-ko- fari. bero -do?

market? No, they vent to the big market.'

3. Did Bakari and Ab to the big field?

Hata, i kay farikayna do. a

No, they went to the small fld.

.

4: Moon nda Yakaba koy fart kalna do?

4.--Did Haman and akuba go to the small field?

Hata, i kay fart bero do.

Nos they vent to the big field,

. 94.

o

,

s

4

OP

0 11

f

UNIT, It

Dialogue 1

,

di

tosee

ay

inc

ra

in

A: Ni di ay faro 'ra?

A: Did you see me in the' field?

ni

you (eg. object)

B: Hata* ay mama di ni.

B: No; I didn't see you.

A: N3. di ,Abdo?

a, ya

,At Did you see Abdu?!'

him/her

.

B: Oho, ay di ya;

B: Yes* I saw him.,

, .

too* also A: Ni di BalF.ari mo?

2

A: Did you see Bakal* too?

B:'Oho.Ni mo2 di ya? r

Bi Yes. Did you* too*

At Oho.

A: Yes. e.2

DLal

irk

US

A: Aran di, iri habo ra?

#

At Did you see

aran

Bt, Hata* in

mana.'di aran.

in the market? -

B: No we didntt,see you.

A: Did you see

eY, yey

'lei, di. ,yey.

us

you (pl. object)

As Arari di Fatu nda Amina?

B: Cho,

see

Otu

and Arnim?.

theta

1 -

B: Yes* we saw them. '

49

1.

Area di Takuba nda mam= ao ?2

A: Did you see Yakuba and Naman, too? O

I

B: Oho:" Iran r)adi di yey?

B: Yes./Did you* too, see then?

A: Oho.

A: Yes.

Notes on the Dialogues

1

1. it and a becsae rLa and en following a word ending iii Mo inagdiatelr follows the word it qualifies. Phonology Drills

red

A.

B.

ni.

1N

Abdu?

C.

faro

di

di

faro lea?

di rd.

di Abdo?

V ay faro re

ni

MIA,

liana di ni.

a.

14

',Ni di. kbdu?.,

N

1.

di

I) di sy faro re? ni

,

Asia hel

Ni di fir faro is?

g

,

Raga; air

41-11if

f

,

C

N.._

I.

Ya

D.

E.

ya?

mo?

di

Bakari.

di ya..

Bakari no?. ..1

di

,

di° yai

iir

th

ilao

'.,,

di Bakari no?

lir di Yu.

di

.

.

\

411,

4'

11,vio di ya?

\

oho

ni

Mos ar di ya.

Ni di B a k a r i no?

Ni mo di ya? .

Or

31 O

4

.

O

aran.

H.

ra?

G.

habo

di

tabo ra?

di aran.

(

iri

Rana

irihabo ra?

mans di gran.

di

iri

di iri habo ra?

iri mana di aran.

aran

hata

Aran di iri habo ra?

Hata, iri mana di aran.

Aminft?

YeY

J.

nda---

di

nda Amine?

di yey.

Fatu

iri

Fatu nda Amine

iri di yey.

A.

di

oho

di Fatu nda Arnim?

Cho, iridiyey.

aran Aran di Fatu nda iimina/ so

06

4

mo?

K.

yey?

Maman

di

Maman mo?

di yey? .

nda

mo

nda, Maman mo?

mo di yey?

Yakuba

aran

Yakuba nda Maman mo?

Aran mo di yey?

di

di Yakuba nda Maman mo? 4,4

areal

Aran di Yakuba nda Maman mo?

32 .

51

a

6tructural

iri

'met

ni

tyou (sg.)#

I, a thim/hert A. 1. Ni g.

lust

an ez,

'you I them

A. 1. Did you see me? 2.4Did you see us? 3. Did you see him/her?

2. Ni di 4.111 iri? 3. Ni di a? 14. Ni di all

14. Dick/you see them? II"

B. 3.. Aran di 5z?

B. 1. Did you' see me?

2. Aran di iri? 3. Aran di a? Aran di Ite

2. Did you see us? 3. Did, you see him/her? 14. Did you see them?*A

C. 1. A di al

"C. 3..'Did he/she see me?

2. Did he/she see you? 3. Did he /she see, him/her? 4. Did he /she see us? 5. Did he/she see you? 6; Did he/she see them?

2. A di ni?,"

3. k di a?. 4. A di iri? 5. A di aran?

6. AAli zer,

D. 1.I

dial?

2.

di ni?

f

D. 1. Did they see me? 2. Did they see you? 3. Did they see him/her? 4. Did they %ee us? 5. Did they,see you? 6. Did they see them?

3.1 di-ze 4. I.,

d.i.

5. I di aran?

'6. I di a?

.10

E. 1. 'Oho, ay di ni.

-2. Cho, ay di n. 3. ctio, ay di aran. 4: 'Oho, aY di mE,

E. 1. Yes, I saw you. 2. Yes, I saw him/her. 3. Yes, I saw iyou. 14.

Yes, I sit,

F. 1. Oho, ni di

U:

F. 1. Yesl'you sawjee.

2. Oho, ni di za,

2. Yes, you saw him/her.

3. Oho,,ni:di iri.

3. Yes, you saw us.

h. Oho, ni di zu:

4. Yes, you saw them.-

G. 1. Yes, he/ehe saw me.

G. 1. Oho, a di sitz 2. Oho, a. di ni.

2. Yes, he/she saw you.

3. go, a di ai

3. Yes, he /she saw him/her.

4. Oho, a di iri.

4. Yes, he /she saw us.

5. Oho, a di aran.

S. Yes, he /she saw you.

6. phos a di nip

6. Yes4 he /she saw them.

\..

H. 1. Yes, we saw you.

H. 1. Oho, iri di mi. 2.p0ho, iri di z!.."

2. Yes, we saw him/her.

3. oho, iri di aran.

3. Yes, We saw you.

4. Oho, iri di zu:

4." Yes, we saw them.

I. 1. Yesspyou saw me.

I. 1. Oho, *ran di !ay,

2. 020, aran di a.

2. Yes,lyou saw.him/her.

3. Cho, aran di iri.

3. Yes, you saw us.

h. Oho, aran di

4.:Yee; you sew them.

ems.

J. 1. Yes, -tkr saw Ilis,

J. 1. Oho, i

2. Oho, i di ni.

2. Yes, they saw you.

3. aho, i di za.

3. Yes, they saw him/her.

14. Oho, i di iri.

4. Yes, they saw us.

5. Oho, i di a

5. Yes, they saw yok

6. aho, i di zgx

6. Yes, they saw thei.

K. 1.

Ni di ay faro ra?

K. 1. Did you see me in the field? /

2.

fir di ay faro50

2. Did he/ihe see me in the field?

3. Akan di ay faro ra?

4:

_

3. Did you see mein the field? 4. Did theyeee me in the field?

I di ay faro ra?,

Jy

34

53

01.

L. 1.

Ni di yatato ra?

2.

A:di ya habo ral

'11,. 1. Did you see him/her in the market?

2. Did'he/she see him/her in t1

3. Aran di yi habo ra?

3. Did you 'see him/her in the market ?,

it.

I di ya habit

N. le 2.

Ni di

iri

faro

ra? ,

.3. Aran di iri faro ra?

I di iri faro ra?

N. 1.

Hi di yey habo ra?

2,

Did they see him/her in tI

market?

M. 1. Did you see us in the field?

1 di iri faro ra?

it.

market?

2. Did he/She see us ink the field?

3. Did you see us in the field?

4.

Did they see us in the field?

N. 1. Did you see them in-the market?

1 di yey

,2. Did he/she see them in the market?

3.44rAui di ley habo, ra?

3. Did you see them in the market?

4.

4.

'CU 1.

2.

3. 4.

I di yery habo re.?

Ni di ay faro.ra.

0. I. You saw me in the field.

Adi ay faro ra;

2. He/She saw me in the field.

Area dray faro ra. I di 07 faro ra.

3. You saw ae in the field., -

14. They saw me in

di,ehabo ra. 2,

L Si tri habo re:

He/She saw you in the market.. of

2.

Q. I. I saw bta/hmr in

>ti sit ya fir-0.- ra.,

di ya faro ra.

IA

di ya faro ra.

5. kat di ya faro ra, di, yi faro ra.

Ni di iri habo Xla. AL4ii iri habo ra.

3. Area di iri habo ra, 14.

They saw you in the market.

di'ya faro ra.

3. 4.;

We saw you in the market.

jI di ni habo ra.

Q. 1.

i.di iri habo ra.

the fie34I.

I saw you in the market.

3. Irri . di ni,habo re.

4.

-6

Did they see them in the market? I

tiis

tiel.d.

I-

2. You saw him/her in thil field! =

3. He/She

saw himiher in the field.

it. 'We saw him/her in.the

5.

You sai.him/her:in the field.

6. They saw him/her in the field.

R. 1. You saw us in the market. 2. Se/Shi saw us' inthe market. 3. You saw us in the market. .:

4.

They saw us in the market. 0

35

54

a

O ap

9

S. 1. & di aran faro ra.

SAtl. I saw you in the field.

2. __A di aran faro ra.

2. He/She saw you in'the field.

3. Iri'di aran faro ra.

3. We saw .you in the field.

4. I di aran faro ra.

4. They saw you iritile field.

T. 1.

yey habo ra.

2.

Ni di yey habo ra.

3.

A di yey habo ra.

4.

Iri di yey habo re.

T. 1: I saw them, in the market.

2. You saw them in the market.'

3. He/She saw them in the market.

)4.We saw them in'the market.

5. Aran'di yeT,habora.

5. You saw them in the market.'

I di yey habo re,

,They saw them in the market.

6.

a

.P.54

U. 1.To, I didnb.sed you.

U..l. Hata, ay mana di ni. e

7

2. Hata, ay mana di za.

2. No, I didn'

3.`Helasay mana di arm'.

3. No, I didn't see you.

-4. Hata, ay mana

VA 1.

see -him/her.

4. No, I didn't see them.

ni manaj di ty,

2. Hat*, ni nana di

a.

V. 1. No, you didn't pee me. 2. No, you didn't see him/her.

3. Hata, niipmana di iri:

3. No, you didn't see ne.q

L. Hata, ni mana di

4. No, you didn't see them,

W. 1. Hata, a mana .di az.

W..1. No, he /she' didn't see 'me.

4 Hatal a mana di ni.

2. No, he/she didn'tssee'yo

3 . Hata, a mana

3. No, he /she didn't see ,

4. Halt,

. 5. Ha'a 6. Hata,

a

rya.

mana di iri mana di

mana di

X..1.16eles 14...;ana di ni.

ers

4. No, he/she didn't se= us.

No, he/she didn't s e you. he /she-- didn't ee

X. 1. Mos we didn

see you.

2, Was iri mana di n.

2. No, we didn't see him/he,.

3.

3. NO,' we didn't see you.

iri mana di aran.

4. Ha'a, iri mana di yez,

didn't see them.

O

K4

Masai area as= di sE. 2. NeSai aran sama di n.

3. Was aran auss di

It. Nita, iron sena di r. Z. 1. Hasa, i sena di 5t. i Rana di ni. 3. Batas J. Rana di

4. No, nu didn1;t, ;see -thee.

Z. 1. Nos* -hey didn't peaces.,32. Nos_ they diket see you 3 ilpi they didn't :see 113m/here

Hata, f sans di iri. 5. Neap i *anal wan. 6. Rea, i aana di ez.

4. No, they didnt see use

Wi sane di & faro ra. 2. IL sane di sly faro ra. 3. Aran amt di sy faro ra.

1. You didn't see ae in the vflelc.. 2. Ne/fihe dicinit see se in the 3. You didn't see as in the -field.

4.

4. They didn't see se in the field.

4.

AA

T. 1. No, you didn't see ae. 2. Nos you dicbastsee.hia/her. -3. Nos you didn't see us.

I sena di sov. faro, ra.

Be. 1. NE mans

habo ra. 2. A 'am di ai habo 3. Iri mama cti ni. abo It.

CO. 1. `2.

3.

I made 11.411 habo re.

NE mina di ya faro, ra. Ni mane di-ya faro- ra. A mane di ya *faro ra.

4. Iri mans di ya faro re.. 5. Area maize di ya faro re.

6. DD. 1.

I masa di ya faro re. Yi mast di iri hobo ra.

2. Awns di iri hibo ra. 3. Area seta di iri halm re.

4.- I Nana' di iri habo, ra.

5. Nos, they did it see you.

6. Nos they clicla4Isee thee.

BB. 1. I didn't see you in the earket. 2. Ne/She,didnIt see you in the market. 3. We didn't 'sae you in the aaricet. 4. They didn't see you in the market.

CC. 1. I didn't 'see him/her in the 'field. 2. You didn't see him/her in the .Held. 3. Re/She dictalti,eee Itim/her in the field. 14:-We didn't see him/her in the field. 5. You didn't see him/her in the field. 6. They didn't sea hia/her:in the ,field. You didnIt,Doe us in the suiret. 2.4118/She didn't see us in the market. 3. You didzilt see us; in the isirket. Is., They didn't see us in the market. .37 ..

*.

56

a

EE. 1. .& 2.

iis mama

di- aran faro ra.

A mana di aran faro re:

3. Iri sena di am,fero '4.

a

I mana di aran

o ra.

FF. 1.

6y.mana'di yey habo re.

,2.

Ni mana di yey hAbo re.

3.

km46.9. di yerhabo_ra._

'4.

Iri mana di yey habo ra e.

5. Aran-manadiYey habo ra. 6.

v14.

I mana di yey habo ra.

GO. 1.

Ni di, AmotP mo?

2.

A. di Amine mo?

3. Aran di Amina mo? 4.

I di Amine mo?

M. 1. Fatu di szmO?

Kg. 1. I didn't 58you in= the field. 2. Kaghe'didn't see you in the field. 3. We didn't see

in the fiAd*

4. They didn't see you in the field.

FF. 1. I didn't see them .3n the market*'

2. You didn't-bee them in the market. 3. Re/She didn't see them in the market. 4. We didrilt see them in theitaricet.

5. Pusdidn't see them in the market. 6. They didn't see them in the market. AR

W. 1. Did you see Arnim, too? 2. Did he/sh8 see Amibas too? 3. Did you see Amines too?

4. Didehey see Aminas too?

HH. 1. Did. Fatu see me too?

2. Fatu di ni.mo?

2. Did Fatu see yQi, too?

3. Fatu di amp?

3. Did Fatu see him/hers too?

4. Fatu di iri ma?

4. Did Fatu see us, too?

5. Fatu di aran mo?

5. Did Fitu see you,

6. Fatu di IN mo?

6. Did Fatu see them, too?

II. 1. Abdu mo-di se Abdn mo di ni? 73. Abdu mo di zs?

tok

II. 1. Did Abdus toos see me?

2e DO Abdus toos see you? 3. Did Ab1.91 toos see him/her?"

14. /axial mo di iri?

4. Did 413-aus toossee us?

5. Abdu mo di'aran?

5. Did lbdtts toos see you?

6. Abdu mo di zse

6. Did Adus toos.see them?

JJ. 1. j di Fatu mo. 2.

A di Fatu

3. Iri di Fatu mo. 4.

7iLdi Fatu mo.

.

.1.7. 1. I saw Fetus too.

2* He/She saw Fatus too: 3. We smilFetais too.

4. They saw Fatui,too.

0S,

X. 1. Bakari." di

so.

KK. 1. Bakari saw2me, too.

Bakari di ni mo.

2. Bakiri saW you, too.

3. Bakari di as mo.

'11. Bakari sa* him/her, too.

14. Bakari di iri

4. Bakari saw us, too.

5. Bakari di aran mo.

5. Bakari saw you, too.

6. Bakari di Ea no.

6. Bakari sax them, :too.

2. Yakuba mo di ni.

2. ,Aldihs, too, saw you.

3. Yakubitm di a.

3. Yakuba, too,saw him/her.

Yakuba mo di iri.

1t: Yakuba, too, Saw us.

Yakuba mo di aran.

5. Yakuba, too, saw you..

\

6. 'aloha mo di

6. Yaiubel too, saw them.

4 `

39

ti

UNIT 5

Dialogue'

4

ga

(signals the FUture)

suba

tamorroir.' A: Where are you going tomorrow?

A: Han rii ga koy' suba?

'

410

Niamey

2

Niamey

B: Ay ga kay Niamey.

B: I'm going to Niamey.

A: Abdu mo ga koy?

A: Is Abdus too, going?

(signals the negative in the

si

Present and Future)

B:Nos he's not going.

B: Hata; a si kay.

Dialogue 2

A: Man .Amina nda Fatu ga kay

suba?

A: Where are Amina and Fatu going to morrow?

,

B: I ga koy Niamey habu barb do.

1

B: They're going-thj big market of Niamey.

A: Aran mo ga koy/

A: Are yoUs too, going?

B: Hata, iri si koy.

B: No; we're not going.

Dialogue 3

3 Tilaberi

Tilaberi

A: Maman ga ka Tilaberi suba?

A: IsItianan coming to Tilaberi-tamorrow?

B: Oho, a ga ka.

B: Yes, he's 'coning.

444

4°

59

N

ti

A: Are yous tool owing?

As Ni mo ga ka?

.. ..... B: Nos I'm ndt coming.

B: alas ay si ka.

Dialogue '14

A: Are you coming td Tilaberi tomorrow?

A: Aran ga ka Tilaberi suba?'

B: -Ohos iri ga

.

B. Yes-s- we treecoming.

A: Yakuba nda Bakari mo ga kaT

A: Are Yakuba and Bakaris too; coming?

B: Hata, i si ka.

B: No

they're not carving.

dotes On the Dialogues

1., This tenses the Futures denotes intended action at an unspecified time in the future.

de may also signal habitual action.

2. The capital city of Niger. 3. A town.

'Structural Drills

Man ni ga koy suba? Man a ga koy suba? 3. Man aran ga koy suba? 14.

Man i ga koy subs.?

B. 1.

Man Abdu ga koy suba?

2.

Man Amina ga koy suba?

3.

Man Fatu ga koy suba?

--}

A. 1. Where are you going tomorrow?: 2. Where, is he/she going tomorrow?

3. Where are you going t""iCqw? 4. Where are they going tomorrow?

B. 1. Where is Abdu going tomorrow? 2. Where is Amina going tomorrow? 3. Where is Fatu going tmmorraw?

4. Miallaman ga koy suba?

It. Where is Maman going tomorrow?

5. man rakuba ga koy suba?

5. Were is Yakuba going tomorrow?

6.

6. Where is Bakari , going tomorrow?

Man Bakari ga koy suba?

60

°CII1

;1

Amino nda Fatu .ga koy

C. 1.,Nbere are Amina and Fatu going

tomorrow?

Ohba?

..2..1there are Fatud Maaau going

-Man,r-Fatu -ndo, Haman- go. koy

0

subs.?

3. Where are Haman aid Yikuba going

3. Mai Kasai 'nda4lakubit go lcoy-

tam

suba?

tomorrow?

subs.?

3.. -&-fi13r liame7*, 2.

ga koy naafi.

3. In

ga

14.

and Bakari &lag

14. Where are

14. Nth Yakuba nda Bakari ga koy

D.

tomorrow?

D.

1.

.

Ilm-going-,to Niamey.

2. He's /She's gang to Niamey.

koy Niamey.

3.

We're

going to Niamey.

14. Theylrefgoing to Niamey.

I ga koy Niamey. rsa

E. 1.

ga koy

2.

A g kay

3.

4.

E. 1. I'm going. to Tilabeiri. 2. He's /She's going to, Tilaberi..

to Tilaberi.

I ga kay

It. They're -going :to` Tilaberi.

Abchi ga koy Niamey.

1. Abdo' is tolik to Niamey.

2.

ga koy Niamey.

3.

Fate go" koy Niamey.

4. 5.

We're going

ga koy. Tilaberi.

Kaman ga kay Takuba ga

2. Amino is going to Niamey.: 3.ilatn is going to Niamey.

Japery-.

14.

Ay Niamey.

6. Bakal ga kay

"

Masan is going

to Niamey.

5. Takuha'is going to liarey:-.

6. Bakari

Niamey.

it going to Niamey.

-.4..14144grr

I

G. 1.

ga kay II/Ahern,

2.

lia.na gat koy.Tilaberi.

3. 14.

Pate

11.

2. Amina is going to

* H. 1.

4. &MUM is going to Tilabeit.

Kaman ga' kay

Yakuba is going to Tilaberi.

6. Mari is going, to Tilaberi.

Bakari ga koy

It ga koy Niamey habu bero

H. 1. I'm going to the big market of

Niamey.

do. 2.

-

Tilaberi.

3. Fatu is going to-Tilaberi:

ga kay Tilaberi.

5. Takao ga. koy_Tilaberi.

6.

Abdo is going to Tilaberi.

2. He's /8he'a going to the big mar-

A ga koy Niamey habu bero

.ket

do.

42

61

of Niamey.

.7

3. Iri ga:koy Niamey habn bero

3. We're going to the big market of

Niamey* t1,4.

ip

*ay Niamey halo bero

1i. Theytre going to the -big market of

Niamey. I.

1.9 tt p

koy Tilaberi

hate

1. I'm going to

the: big market of )

-tore do.

Tilaberi. 2. He Is/She Is going to the big

galkoy Tilaberi habn-

*A

bero do.-

market

of Tilaberl.

_We !re going. _to the_V-giaarket of_

'

taro do.

4.

4.

I ga koy Tilaberi habn hero do.

They're going to the big market of

Tilaberi. ....

J. 1.

01

Abcht ga koy Niamey habn

J. 1. Abda is going to the big market of

limey

bero do. 2.

ga koy

Niamey tabu

2. /mina is going to the big market of

hero do.

alLu ga

Niamey.

key Niamey baby.

3. Fatn is going to the big markire of

bero do. It.

a gm.

iv

,

Niamey.

Niamey habn

14...,,Nastaa is going to the big market

bero do.

-Of Niamey.

5 Takagi p koy Niamey

5.

habn

bero do*

Takuba is going to

tie big market

of liamey

6. Balcari gam koy Niamey baba

6..Bakari i&

bero do.

ang to the big market

of Niamey.

abclu ga koy Tilaberi habn

K. 1. Abda is going to the big. market of

bero do. 2.

isrinags. koy Tilaberi habn

2. Amine is going to.the big market

of

bero do.

3.

Tata). p .kay Tilaberi habn

baro do.

3. Fatu is going to the big market. of .

.

Man ga koy Tilaberi habn bero

Tilaberi:

Tilaberi.

14. &man is going to the big 'market'

do.

of Tilaberi.

143

r

62

5. rha ga koyTilaberi habu

5.

market of Tilaberi."

bero do. 6. Bukari ga key Tilaberi habu

Ni ga ka.Tilaberi suba?

.

6. Bakari is going to the big market Oi ''''''''''.

bero do: 1.

Yakuba is going to the bit

L. 1. Areyou coming to Tilaberi.

;

tomorrow? 2.

A ga ka Tilaberi suba?

2. Is he /she coming to Tilaberi

tomorrawf

3. Aran g.ka Tilaberi suba?'

3. Are you coming to Tilaberi tomorroll?

4.

I ga ka Tilaberi suba?

.

4. Are they coming to Tilaberi tomorrow?

kti Niamey suba?

M. 1. Are you coming to Niamey to« morrow?

2.

A ga ka Niamey subs?

2. Is be/4e coming to Niamey

.

tomorrow?

3..Aranga ka Niamey suba?

3. Are you cooling to Niamey to.

morrow? 14.

I ga ka Niamey suba?

a.

Are they coming to Niamey tomorrow?

N. I.

Ni;ga koy Tilaberi !nibs.?

N. 1. Are you going to Tilaberi to

morrow? 2.

A ga koy.Tilaberi suba?

2.,Is he/she going to Tilaberi tfinorrow?

3. Aran ga koy Tilaberi suba?

3., Are- you going to Tilaberk orrowt-

4.

I ga koy Tilaberi nibs.?

4.

Are they going to Tilabeil to«

morrOw?

,p,

0. 24

Ni ga koy Niamey sags?

0. 1. Are-you tang to Niamey tomorrow?

2.

A ga koy Niamey suba?

2., Is he /she.. going to Niamey

tcmorrow? 1

// 63

3. Aran ga 'koy Niamey suba?

to Niamey tomOr&

3. Are you g

row?'

4.

, 4. Are they'goingto Niamey tomormi

I ga koy Niamey suba?

2 F. 1.

Abdu ga ka Tilaberi suba?

-

row?

P. 1.. Is Abdu coming to Tilaberi to morrow?

.2,

Arnim ga ka Tilaberi 'suba?

1

2: Is Amina coming to Tilaberi ,

tamOrrow/ 3.

Fata ga ka Tilaberi suba ?

4P .

3. is4Fatu coming to Tilaberi

morrow?

- 4.

Naman ga ka Tilaberi suba?

40 Is.Maman coming to Tilaberi tanorrow'?

5. Yakuba ga ka Tilaberi suba?

5. Is Yakuba coming to Tilaberi tomorrow/

6. Bak.ari ga ka Tilaberi subs?

6. IsBakari Coming to Ti aberi tomotTow?

Q. 1.

Abdu ga koy Niamey suba?

Q. 1.

s Abdu going to Niamey tomorrote/

24, Amina ga koy Niamey suba?

2. Is Amino going to Niamey to-

,, 3.

r

morrow?

Fatu ga loy*iangy suba?

3. Is Fatu going to Niamey tomor-

row? 4.

14. Is Maman going to NiamiYtto-

Maman ga koy Niamey suba?

0

1

5. 'area galcoY

morrow? =y Buie?

5. Id Yakuba going to Niamey to-

morrow? 6. Bakari ga koy Niamey suba?

6. Is Bakari going to Niamey tomorrow? I

R. 1.. 2.

Ni mo ga ka?

R. 1. Are 7Pup too, coming?

A, mb ga ka?

2. Is. he /she, too, coming?

3. Aran mo ga ka? 4.

3. Are yol4 too, coming?

Imo ga ka?

4. Are they, too, coming?

64

S. 1.

&S. Are you, too, going?

Ni mo ga }coy?

A mo ga

2. I s he /she, too, going?

3. Area mo ga koy?

A re.you, too* going?

2.

Fatu.mo ga ka?

2. Are Amine. and Faturtoo, coming?.

Fatu nda Haman mo ga ka?

3. Aiv Fatu ad Maman, too* coming ?'

Amina

2.4

4.

T. 1. Are 'Abdu and Arnim* too* coming?

Abdu nda Amina mo: ga ka?

T. 1.

3.

4. Areitbey*.too, gang?'

Imo ga kart

It.

.

AFe Haman anif Yakuba, too, coming?

Haman nda Yakuba mo ga ka?

5. Yakuba nda Bakari mliga Ns?

5. Are Yakuba and Bakari,Aoo, coming?

.

40-.---Bakari-nda-Abdu -MO ga ka?--

6---411F-Bakari-ard-Abdtri-to6-,-econi

:U. 1.

Abdu nda Amina mo ga koy?

U. 1. Are Abdu,andAmina, toosgoing?

2.

Amina nda Feta mo ga koy/

2. Are.Amina and Fetur_too, going?

3.

Fatu nda Kaman mo ga koy?

3: Are Fatu and Mama% too, going?

4.

Masan nda Yakuba mo ga koy/

5. Yakuba nda Bakari mo ga koy/

6.

4. Are Maman and Yakuba, too* going? 5. Are Yakuba ana Bakari, too* going?

,

6. Are Bakari and Abdu, too; going?

Bakari nda Abau mo ga koy?

V. 1. Oho* a

ga ka.

V. 1. Yes, I'm coming.

2. Oho* a ga ka.

2. 165-Ate's/She's coming.

3. Oho* iri ga

3. I S, we're coming.

4. Y

W. 3...Oho*,

ga koy.

they're coming.

W. 1. Yes, I'm going.

2. Oho* a ga koy.

2. Yes, he's /she'

3. Oho* iri ga koy.

3. Yes*-yelie go

4. Oho* i'ga koy.

I. 1. Hata, sE si.ka.

4 4. Yes* they're

I. 1. No* I'm not/coming.

2. Hata* a si ka.

2. No*bele/sels not coming.

3. Hata; iri si ka.

3. No* we're not coming.

4. Hata, iisi

4: No,,they're not coming.

46

65 or.

"rs T. 1. Hata, Ez

koy.

Y. 1. No, I'm not gQing.

.

2. Rata, a si koy. oz.

2. Nos he's/hers not going.

3. Hata, iri 31.10y.

3. No, metre not going.

14. Hata, i si koy.

4. No, theytre hot going.

Phonology Drills

A. i

it

G. ito

iso

iri

lira

taw

idu

I. bid.

J. isa

bine

bisa-

izo-

N. tine

D. ite,

mi

H. iso

IL tiri .

tape /

P. tins

piney

dial'

E. ini

F. lam

ina

iso

K. byo

L. ta.

14,07a

di

Q. tits

R. titi-

\

Mimi

tita ,//.

s

S. Mire L

C. i

gari T. hina

,T. dlya,

U. dip

brit

threw

Z. hino

V.

Al. ni

Nino'

Lin.i.

hini

BB. hin

'an

'dna TE)

W. hima

X. Nine

Nina

CC. nina

niger

hirey

DD.

iri sirs.

.

.00

O

4

47 66

esk

UNIT 6

Dialogue 1

your (sg.)

ni

-

, . father

baba

(finder. )

A: Is your father going to Niamey to.

A: Ni babel ga koy Niamey suba?

morrow?

AY B: Oho, ay-baba

B: Yes,'my father is going to Niamey

ga koy Niamey

tomorrow.

suba. o

P"

mother (indef.)

47a ,A13 Ni royal .

A: Is your mother going?

ga koy?

u

B: No, my mother isn't going.

B: Hata,. ay nyd si koy.

-

Dialogue 2

aran

ur (p1.) brother of as- female (def./

acme

indef.) et /

1

Al Aran arme

A: Id youf brother going to Tilaberi

ga koy Tilaberi

tomorrow?

subs.?

A

our

iri

B:-Oho, IA erne/ ga koy Tilaberi

B: Yes, our brother is going to lilaberi tomorrow.

suba.

.

sister of a male (def./indef.)

, woyme

) A: Aran woymel ga koy?

B: Bala, iri woyme si koy?"

A:,IS your sister going?

Br No, our sister isn't

48

7

Dial,ove 3

a

his/her father (def.)

babo

hu'kuna Az A baboI ga ka Niamey hutktipa?

today

A: Is his fathercoming to Niamey Way? .40

nyan'o

B: Oho. Anyantel

m; go.

mother (def.) :,. Yes. His nether, too, is coming to

Ica Niamey

hu

Niamey today.

.

-,.- -

IL: A worm-1 ga ka?

-A: Is his sister coming?

B: Ha'las a si ka,

B: No, she isn't coming. Dialogue 14

their

1

As I babo ga ka Tilaberi hut.lima?

B: moo. I nyanlol ao ga ka beri hu'kuna.

A: I anal

A: Is tbe ii.

father coming to Tilaberi

,today?

Bs ,Tes. Their mother; too, is coming to

Tilaberi today.

Is heir sister ceiling?

ka?

*if

8: HMIs, a al ka.

BeNo, she isn't coming. t

Note on the Dial Fonoiring a poaeessive pronoun, the noun takes the definite- {fore: However, with "father' and "mother", 52., L31, andaran take the indefinite 1.

baba and mo id:areas a and t take, the definite babe and Frans°. Like arise and w see are identical in the definite and indefinite. 49

68

Y

c...1.

Structural Drills

.41.Y

Igrt

ni

syoir (sg.),

a

this/hail

CV

iri

lours

*ran

'your (041 1061.0

A. 1. Is your father going?

A, 1. Ni baba ga koy? 2. Ni baba ga koy Niamey?

2. Is your father going to Niamey?

3. Ni baba ga koy Niamey subai

3. Is your father going to Niamey tomorrow?

B. 1. Is his/her father going?

'B. 1..Ayoabo ga koy? .

--

2. Aliaho ga koy Niamey?

2. Is hisi)uerfaV2F gang to Niamey?

3. A babo ga 'coy Niamey subliM,

3. Is his/her faker going to Niamey / tomorrow?

.

C. 1. Is your father going?.

t 'C. 1: Aran baba ga koy/

2. Aran baba ga koy Niamey'!

x

3. Aran baba ga koy Niamey suba?

,

2. Is your father going to Niamey/

3. Is your father join to Niamey tomorrow?

D. 1. Is their father going?

D. 1. I babo ga koy/ 2. I babo ga koy Niamey/ 3. I babo ga

.

Niamey suba?

2. Is their pether\going to Niamey?

3.,in their father going to limey tomorrow?

_

1. Ni nya ga koy?

B. 1. It your mother going?

2. Ni nya-ga koy Niamey?

2: Is your, mother going to Nlameil.

3. Ni nya ga koy Niamey suba?

3. Is your mother going to Niamey:

tomorrow?

69

.

F. 1. A manta ga kay?

f

F. 1. Is his/her mother going?

2. A manse ga kay Niamey?

2. Is his/her mother going to Niamey?

3. A.nyinlo ga kay Niamey

3. /s his/her mother going to Niamey

suba?

tomorrow?

G. 1. Aran nya ga koy?

G. 1.Is:your mother going?

2; Aran nya ga koy Niamey?

2. Is your mother going to Niamey? 3. Is your mother going to Niamey

3: Aran nya gakoy NiameT., suba?

tomorrow?

H. 1. I nymnio ga koy?

H. 1. Is their mothez going?

2. I want() ga kay Niamey?

2. Is their mother going to Niathey?

3: I nyango ga koy Niamey 4.

3. Is their mother going to Niamey

suba?

tomorrow?

I. 1. Ni arms ga ka?

I. 1. Is your brother coming?

2. Ni arms ga ka Tilaberi?

.2. Is your brother coming to Tilaberi?

3.11i arms ga ka Tilaberi hut»

3. Is your brother coming to Tilaberi

kung?

J. 1. A. arse

today? r 1. Is her brother coming?

1ka?

2. A. arise ga ka Tilabori?

-

3. A. arse ga ka Tilaberi hut

2. Is heii brother caning to Tilaberi?

3. Is her brother coming to Tilaberi

'kung

K. 1. Aran arms ga ka?

today?

.

K. 1. Is your brother caning?

2. Aran arms ga ka Tilaberi?

2. Is your brother coming to Tilaberi?

3. Aran arms ga ia Tilaberi

3. Is your brother coming' to .Tilaberi

hu llam?

L. 1. iarms ga ka?

:today?

L. 1. Is their brother coming?

2. I arms ga karlAhmi.?

2. Is their brother coming to Tilaberi?

3. I arms ga kterilaberi. hut.

3. Is their brother coming to Ti].a\beri

.'kUna?

today?

70

7,*

woyme

M. 1. Is your sister coming?

it?

2. Ni woyme ga ke. Tilaberi?

2. Is your sister .casing to Tilaberi?

3. Ni mime ga ka Tilaberi

3. Is your sister casing to Tilaberi

*

.

today?

N. 1Is hiS sister coming?

N. 1. A wqyme gaka?

2, Is his sietercomlng to Tilaberi?

2. A wpm ga ka Tilaberi?

10

3. Isbia sister coming to Tilaberi

3. Atwogme ga ka Ti1aberi

today?

bnikuna?

0. 1. Is your sister coming?

O. 1. Aran vOyme ga ka?

2. It your sister coming to Tilaberi?.

Arenwqyme'ga ka Tilaberi?

3. Is your-sister coming to Tilaberi

3. Aran mope ga ka Tilaberi huskuna?

P.

r

,

today?

P. 1. Is their sister comiligt

I voyme ga ka?

2.1 voyae ga ka Tiltheri?

2. Is their sister coming to Tilaberi?

3. I pope ga ka Tilmberi

3. Is their sister coming to Tilaberi

toda/

bulkuna?

Q. 1. ress-sq father is going.

Q. 1. Oho, ay baba ga koy. 2, Oho, ay babe ga km- Niamey.

2. les, my father is goingio Niamey.

5., ahos ay baba ga key Niamey

3. ies, ay father is going to Niamey tomorrow.

stbi.

R. 1. Teo, blather father is going.

N. 1. Oho, a babcrga

.2. Yes, his/her father is going to Niamey.'

2. Oho, a bibo ga kay Egg:.

3. /4s, his/her father is going to-Niamey

3. COO, a. baho ga key Niamey.

tostorrow.

intba.

-3.

-

,

S. 1. Olio, iri baba ga kcy,

,

S. 1. less our father is going.

2. Oho, iri bate. gikoy Niamey,

2. les, our father is going to Niamey:

3. Cho, ik%babaga key Niamey,

3. Yes, our father is going to Mimicry

tdorroi.

suba.

52 7 1

c.

T. 1. Choi i babo ga koy.

- T. 1. 798$-their father is going.

2. Oho, i babo ga koy Niamey.

2. Yes, their father is going toNianey.

3. Oho, i babo ga koy Niamey

3. Yes, their father is going to

subs.

Niamey tomorrow.

U. 1. Oho, ay nya ga koy.

U. 1. Yes, my mother is going.

2. Oho, ay nya ga koy Niamey.

2. Yes my mother is going to Niamey.

3. Oho, ay

3. Yes my mother is going to Niamey

a ga koy Niamey

tomorrow. A

46

- V. 1. Oho, a mans° ga koyi

V. 1. Yes, his/her mother is going.

2. Oho, a mins° ga koy Nia-

2. Yes, his/her mother is going to Niamey.

.

3. Cb3, a *WO ga

3., Yea, his/her mothersis going to

Niamey tomorrow.

"ri fail*

t

Y. 1. Oho, iri nya ga koT.

V. 1. Yes, our mother is going.

2. OW, iri ziptga koy

2. Yes, our mother is going tldimey..

3. Oho, iri oya. ga koy !lams,

3. Yes, our mother is going to Niamey

subs.

tomorrow.

I. 1. Oho, i mans° ga koy.

2. 1, Yes, their mother is going.

2. Ohoil. mango ga koy

2. Yea, their mothei is going to Niamey.

3. Oho, i nyan'o ga koy Nie

Yes, their mother ia-going to

mey'suba..

Niamey tomorrow. ,

11.

Y. 1. Nalal'sysawm si ka.

Y. 1. No, ay brother isn't coming.

2. Hi's, my arse si ka Tilam

'2. NO, my brother isn't ComiNg'to

beri.

.

3. Nita, 4, arms xi ka

'Tilaberi4

3. Not my brother isn't coming to,

berm hulkxmai.

Tilaberi *WAY*

53

9

Z. 1. Nos her brother. isn't coming.

Z. Y. Halal a arme hi ka. 2. Batas a arms si ka Tila.

2. Nos her brother isn't coming to

3. Ha'a, a arse si Ica Tila.

3. Nos her brother isnit coming .to

Tilaberi today.

beri AA. 1. Bala, iri arse si ka.

All. +1. NO; our brother isn't coming.

2. Basal iri arms si ka Tila.

2. No

Tilaberi.. -

beri.

3. Bala, iri arse si ka Tila.

3. No, our broths; isn't coming to

'bard. hulkuma.

Tilaberi today.

BB. 1. Batas ibarme si ka. 2

our brother isn't coming to

BB. 1. Nos their b

Bala $ i arms si .ka Tila.

r isn't coming.

2. No, their broth

isn't coming

to Tilaberi. 3.**Hatas \i arse si ka

.

beri hulkuna.

It

3. No, their broth

4'in

coming

to Tilaberi

1.Bala$ ay woyme si ka.

.k6G. I...Nos my sister

2. Batas any woyme si ka

3.811t caning.

2.11o$ my sister isn't corning to

Tilaberi.

beri.

3. Nos ny-sister isn't coning tO\/

3. Bala, so, woyme si ka Tila.

beri hu'kuna.

.Tilaberi

fi

DD. 1. Bala, a wo7me.si ka.

DE6,1. NO, his sister isn't coming.

2. Hata, a woyme si ka Tila.

2. No, his sisteisn't coming to

beri.

: Tilaberi.

Balas-a woyme si ka Tila.

3. Nov, his sister isn't coming to

beri hnIkuna.

TA4peri today.

BE. 1. Haft's iri woyme si ka.

1. No$ our sister isn't coming.

2. HataOri woyme sika Tila.

2; Nos our sister isn't oomini to

beri. 3. Batas iri woyme si ka Tila..

Tilaberi. 3. No,-our sister'isn't coming to

,

beri hutkuna.

Tilaberi today.

Sit

FF. 1. Hata, i wcryme si ka.

FF. 1. No, their sister isn't coming, 2. Hata, i movie si ka Tila 2. No, their sister isntt coming to Tilaberi. 34 Hata, wcryme si ka Tilam 3.' No, their sister isn't, coining to 't. beri hu'kuna. Tilaberi today.

GO. 1.

Ay nya nio ga ka Niamey

GO. 1. My mother, too, is caning

hu'kuna. ,0,2. A vans° mo ga ka N hutkima,

mey today. 2.

3. Our mother, too, is coming to Niam

tkuna. 4. aI nyanto zno ga ka Niamey hu'kuna.

HEI. 1. AybabaHmo ga key Tilam

mey today.

4. Their mother, too, is coming to .

beri tomorrow,

2. His/Her father, too, is going to Tilaberi tomorrow.

&the.

4.

3. Our father, too, is going to Tila-

mo ga kopy Tilam

beri auba.

.

,

Niamey today.

,HH. 1. My father, too, is going to Tila

beri suba. i babo mo ga koy Tila

3. Iri

His/Her mother, too, is coming to Niamey today.

3. Ini nya mo ga` ka Niamey

2,

Nia-

beri tomorrow.

I babo mo ga koy

1

14. Their father, too, is going to

beri subs.

Tilaberi tomorrow:4 Phonology Drills

-

dyabi

B. titi

-dyirbi

gati

B. band

bud '0. bori

fori

q:, gati

D. kwgzi

gai

I. bini J. hayni "dyini

doni

Pe bori zori

Q. kiwi

E.

7.. beri

sirs

feri

dyere

55

74

7

F.

"ini bird

A13.

Sri

H. tyire/

hart

tali

O. tini

M. tyeri beri

S. burty n

dini

-

N. hart

T. ,feri Afrik

fori

UNIT 7

Dialogue 1

As Is it

Ni no vale

your ?

Bt. Yes, it's I.

Bs Oho, sy no.

Dialogue

As Is Wynn?

A: Aran no vale

Bs tea, it's we.

irk no.

B: Cho,

4

3

A: Is it Yakuba?

A: Yakuba ncxsala?

i'ga

01.

Br Cho, i'ga no.

Bs Yes,

be/she (intensive fora), it's be.

ope it Amina and Fatu?

A: Amine. nda Fatu no wala? r'

.

they-(intensive tore)

i'gey

Bs Cho, i'gey no.

0/461 it's they..

may A:

MiKY

May no?

13: Ay arise no.'

Who is it?

Bs It's my brother. 56

75

ma

to call, name

A: 'Mate a ma?

What's his name?

Bt A majtaman.

-

B: His name is

7

Haan.

Dialogue 6

A: May no?

Al Who is it?

,B: Mari no.

B: It's Dakar/.

At Nate

k kwara

ma?

Filindye

A: What's the name of his

rilitutre

.

B: lag Filindye.

Tillage?

B: It Is

called Filindzre.

y

Dialogue 7

As Nate ni ma?

A: Wha's your name?

13: Ay as Abdm

B: Ky name is MAD.;

2

Ha

is/are/was/were/will be

,

beri Ni kwara ga bari3 itala?

Bt Hasa,

my kwara ga kayna now

big (indef..

age)

A: Is your Tialage big?

B: No, Try village-

Dialogue 8

Imam ma?

A: Nate

At What's the nmie of your village?

-Doac

B: A ma Dorm.

DtS0 B: It's called Doso.

76 57

at.

A: Aran kMara gokepia wale?

A: Is your village small?

B: Sala, iri kwara go, beri no.

B: No, our village is big.

A3 Arun fumo ga beri wale?

A: Is your house small?

B: Oho.

Bi Yes.

Notes 1. A town. The French spelling of 2. Followed by an adjective,

the Dialogues

dyei seen on maps and signs, is Filingug.

as signals

the Present; however, with certain ad

verbs of time, it signals either the Past-or the'Future.

3. Following es the indefinite farm of the adjective is used. Structural Drills A. 1.

& no.

2.

Ni no.

A. 1. It OP

AVVIttil 70134

3. lasso. 4.

B.

I.

3. Itse he /she.

4. It's we.

Iri no.

5.' Aran no.

5. It's you.

6. Lim AO.

6. It's they. tr.

1.

Ni no ivkla?

2.

'1104 no wale?

3.

Arad no wale?

B. 1.. Is it you?

2. Is it he/She? ,

3% Is it you? 4. Is it they?

lt. I'gey no gala?

+ft

C. 1..Ni no lisle?

C. 1. Is it you? Yes, it's I.

Cho; ay no.

2. Is it .heishe?

2. I'ga no wale?

Yes, it's he /she.

Oh- o, isga no.

3. Id it you?

3. Aran novas?

7

Yes, it's we.

Oho, iri nor=-

4.. Is it,thsy?

4. I'gey no wale?

Yes, it's they

-Cho,'ilgey no.

58

.

.

'I 7 1

D. 1. May no?

D. 1. Who is it?

Bakari no.

)7

It's Bakari.

2. May no?

2:PWho is it?

.Takuba no.

3. Noy

It's Takuba.

?

3. `Who is it?

It's Fatu.

4.114-no?

4. Who

It s Abdu.

Abdu no.

5. May no?

5. Who is it?

Mina no.

.

`6. May no?

It's Mahan.

Bakarihovala?

X. 1. Is it Bakari?

2. 'Mobs no vela?

2. Is it Taknba?

3.

Tatum vale

3. Is it Fatu?

4.

Abda nO vela?

'4. Is it ibdu?

.5. Anima ao vela?

5.

6. Moan= vela?

F.

le Ailing.:

6. Who is it?

Masan no.

.1

is it?

1:

4

2. Ay

IS it !mini?

6. Is it

baba as.

!wean?

7. 1. It's IQ father:

akano.

2: It's surmother.

3. 4 arms no.

3. It's my brother:

4. 4 me

4. It's

$. 4 faro no.

5. It's py field.

6. 4 kvara no.

6: It's my village.

faro no.

NI

sister.

7. It's v house.

G. 1. I babe no.

G. 1.

2. Xi 3E no:

.

-3. I/ arms ne:

It' 1Aar

father.

2. It's your alotier.

3. It's your brother.

4. ii aL no.

4. It's your sister.

5. Ai taro no.

5. It's your field.

590

78

.

6. Ni kwara no4

6, It's your village.

7. Ni fuwo

7. It's your house.

3.

H. I. A babo no.

1. It's his/her father-.------

2. Anyanlo no.

2. It's his/her mother.

3. A are no.

3. It's her brother. It's his sister.

4. A. Immeno. 5. A: faro po.

5. It's his/ber-liald.

6. A kwara no.

6. It's his/her village

7: A fawo no.

7. Itlis his/her house.

I. 1. It's our father:

T. 1: Iri baba no. ir

Iri

no.

2. It's our mother.

3. Iri arms no.

3. It's our brother.

Ii. in !me no.

14. It's our sister.

5. Iti faro no.

5. -nos our

6. in kwara no.

6. It's our

7* Iri'fawo no.

7. It's our house.

J. 1. ,Aran 2.' Aran

no.

2. It's your mother.

C

3. It's your brother.

-3. Aran arse no.

h. It's your sister.

4:' Aran mr!, no.

Aran faro no. 6. Aran kwara not

5. It's your field.-

6. It's yotr village.

s6.

7. It's your house.

7. Aran fawo no.

E. 1. I babo no.

K. 1. It's their father.

t

2. I ian'o no.

2. It's their mother.

3. 1 arme'no.

.

4. I rymenoe

L

i

3. Its their. brother. 4. It's their sister.

'5. It's their field.

,5. I faro no. '

your father.

2.

no.

Mid.

6. I kwara no. 7. I fuwo no..

It," their village.

7. It's their house.

9

I

p.

L. 1. Ay ma Itatu.. 2. .krata Bakari. 3. kt ma Abdu.

)

Yq name

is

Fatu.

2. My nap is Bakari. name is Abdu. 3.

it

loins.

14. Ay as Ast_

4. My name

5. AT as Salcuba. 6. Ay ma Malan.

5. 147 name is Takata,

is

My name is &man.

H. 1. A as Pablo 2. A las Bakari.

M. 1. Her ;lame is Fatu. +24

?. His name is Bakari. 4)

3. A ma Abdu.

His name is Abdu.

4. A as ilns. 5.

4. Her name is Aiming.

5 His name is Takao..

Aga?

6. A as Haman.

6. His name is Namanw

1. 1. Nate ni ia?

N. 1. What's your name? My name is Fatu.

Ay ma Fatu.

2. Nate ni ma?

2. What's your name? My name is Bakari.

*7 is Bskari., as?

3. What's your name?

ma &bdu.

Hy name 'is Abdo.

14. Nato ni ma?

14.

Ay ma Amino.

5. Nita ni aa?

What's your name? My name is Anil*.

5. What's your name?

Ay ma !skeet.

My name is Taub*.

6. Mate a ma?

6. What's your nab? My nom is *man.

ma Haman.

0. 1. Nate a ma?

0. 1. What's her name? Her name is Fate.

A ma Tata.

2. Nate a ab

2. What's his name?

A as Bala ri..

His nose is Bakal.

3. Nate a ma?

S. What's his name? His name is Abdu.

A as Abdu.

I 7t61

80

4. What's her name? Her name is Amine. 5. What's his name?

His male is !Aube. 6. What's his name? His name is Daman.

P. 1. What's the name of your village? 2. 'What's the name of his/her village? 3. iihatts the name of your village? .

4. What's the name of their village?

Q. 1. My village is called Tilaberi. 2. Myvillage is called Filihdye. 3. MY village is called Doom.

R. 1. Hislte:villlege is called Tiliberi. 2. His/Her "illegals called Filindys.c'

3.,HisAer village is called Doeo.'

I S. 1. Our village is called Tilaberi: 2. Our village is called 3. Our village is called Doso.

T. 1. Their village is called Tilabeil.,

2. Theiriillage is called Filindye. 3. Their village is called Doso.

U. 1. What's the name of your village?

It's called Zilaberi.' 2. What's the name of his/her villa It's called Filindye.-

62

8

3. What's the name of your village?

3. Kite aran

calledtoso.

Doso.

A.

ilata

imara ma?

What's the nine of their village? It's called Filindye.

A. as

se` V. 1.

Xi kara ga beri walla?

2,

khan ga berivalal

-

V.' 1 . 2

3. Arlin kwara ga beri wala? 44..

Is your village big? Is his/her village big?

3 . 1's your village big?

I kwara ga beri vala?

4

Is their village big?

W. 1. Is pir house-mall?

I ltiwo ga kayna wala?

ts

2. A !Uwe ga kayna walk?

2. Is his/harlionse small?

3. Aran/INSro4s./airys'utli?

3. Is your house small?

I famo ga kayos vain?

144

4. Is their houe small?

kwara ga beri no.' 2.

Ii kwara ga beri no.

3.

A bora ga beri no,

X. 1. 1y village is big. 2. /Cur village is big,. 3. His/Her village is big,

44 Iri imam ga beri no.N 5.

4. Our village is big.

Arlin bars ga beri no.

6. -

5. Mar

I War" ga beri

is big.

6.

is' big. a

T. 1.-Yry

Amiga

Y. 14 2.

Ii floe ga kayos no:

3.

Arum° ga kaYnm no.

h.

Iri fuwO. ga kayna no.

house' is sms1I.

a.

2. fourchouse is amk114 3. His/Her house is small. 4.-Our house is small.

S. Aran folio ga kayna no.

5. Tour house is

I fswo ga Magna

saall.-11

6. Thar house is maall.

.

.Z. 1. Hi faro ga beri wala? 8

Z. 1. Is your field big?

51.

Was ay faro ga kayna no. °

No) isy field is mall. t

/2* Aria

faro ga *ma gals?

2. Is your field small?

No, our field is big.

mot, iri faro ga beri no.

63

82

.

.

UNIT.6 Dialogue 1

Se A: Mai bears no?

A: Whose

,

Bs Ay bears no.

e is it?

Be Itia my village,

,..

At %lien Ware mo no?

A:

Bs Cho,

Be

\

a kvara no. Dialogue

a it Mantan's village, too?

Yes, it's hivillage.

4

A: Whose village ft it? ,,,

vane

(signals possession in the

singUlar)

k

Bt Ay vow no.

As Masan crone

.04

,

Bs It's mine.

no no?

As "Is it Mainaniss

too?

.

is .Cho, a :noise

Be Yes; it's

IL.

vnialegm 3 A: Aran rum no sra3A? '

multi

_

A: Is it your

howler

(signals .the negative in,

-

,the Present)

Be. Ea's,. 'anti iii two no.

.

.

Bs No, it isn't our house.

.

Yakuba tyro no

volat

is Is it Yakuba Is house? .

Be Balsa,

mai a

hum no.

As Abet nda Amina tyro no

vs,

Bs Nos it isn't his house*

Vale?

A: Is it Abdo and Alins.'s hones?

Bi Cho, iftwo how.

Bs Yes, We their house.

,

65

-4

.

4

Dialogue 4

-,f

As Is it your hauls.?

A.: Aran Anro ho wale

it isn't ours.

B: Wel manti in wens no.

Aa Is it Yakuba's?

Atilikuba !one no wale?

B: Bala, manti a wone no.

B: No it isn't his.

is Abdu nda Amine wone no wale?

At Is it Abdu and Amina'a?

B: Oho, i von, no.

B: Yes, it's theirs.

Structural Dr 1e A. 1.

A. 1.' It's mine.

#2; vane no.

2.

Ni 'tone no.

3.

A wone no.

4. IA won, no.

.

2. It's yours..

3. It's his/hers. 4

4. It's 5. It's yoUis..

5. Iran wome no. 4

6.

,

6. It's theirs.

I Woe no.T

4

B. 1. Whose village is it?

B. 1. May koala no?

Its my

Aor levexi nos

2. Whose village is-it,

2. psi 'maxi no?

Its mine.,

A woos no.

At

3. Whose village is it?

Nai'iontra no?

MammOs

Malan kwara no. .

4.' Whose village is it?

ds. May kwara no?

It's Mem= Is.

Braman wane no.

5. Whose village isii

5. 147 kssrano? .

6.

ji

Its his village.

A kwara no.

6. Whose village is it?

May ban! no?

It's hip.

A wone no.

66

0

85 vb. nwl

7

lbw lama not Iri kwara SO.

C .

2.)

C. 1. Whose village is it?

It's our village.

It's ours:

3. ?kr kwara no?

a.

Abdp Ma Amiss kwara o.

4. Whose village is it?

5. Nay bean no?

5. Whose village is it?

It's Abdu and Andinals.

It's their

6. May kvira I wane po.

2.

6.

D. 1. Is it Mamanladvillages, tool , 2. 'Is cit Abtals villiges toot

/hums kwara no so? AM*, iorara no so?

3. isAt

4)

6. Is it Fatula vialagas too?

E. 1. Is it liananls,...too? 2. Is it 4.bdneSs too? 3. Ia it Amino/110°o?

3% Via. iona-n,o so?

4. teit /*kabala, too?

wiiee :no, no?

5. Wart 6. D.104i

.5. 78 it Bakariles too?

6. ts it Fatu's( too? 4

4: 2. iiitaina lc/airs-no IfalakAbdt'wone ,

vinsge, too?

4*; 134t iakubals Villagevtooi ,it -Bad airi'S village,, too?

1. 1 /lima wane limn*? 2. ,Abskt wane so no?

t

Whoseelillage is it?

theirs.

3. Anima kwara no sot Tikaba imam no so? Bskari ipsara no no? 6. Fatal km* no not

Ytsc

Whose village is it? It's Al;du and Alnico's village.

b. Nay kwara no? Lbdu nda Amino zone no.

I kwara so*

4

41'1

2. *Whose village is it?

Mtwara' no?

Iri WOOS no.

D.

-

..1.?

a

a

7. 1. Is it Maisuils village, too?

let, it's

z

2. Is it *Mats village, too? Nos 'it's laina's.

24; ,..41-0110-#011 ao

Was ;Atha wont no.

4

.

t 864

8

1

3. Is it Amlina's village, too?

3. Mina kwara mo no?

\No, it's Yakuba's.

Hala, Yakuba wone no.

'4. Is it Yakuba's villages too?

4. Titan kwara mo no?

BarakAi

No,trs

wone no.

5. Is it.Bakarilet villager too?

5. Bakari kwara no no?

No, it's Fatu's.

Hala,-Fatu wone no.

6. Is it FaturSvillsge, too?

'6. Fatu kmara no no?

Hear Masan wone no.

No, it's Masan's.

,*

r t'

G. 1.

Ni fawn no wala?

2.

ifuwo no iala?

G. 1. Is it your house ?,

?. Is it his/her house? .3. Is it your house?

no.wila?

H. 1.

fh, no walar

4. Is it their house?

Mmian fuwo no was?"

H. 1. Is it Eaman's house?

,)

2.

/ea tom no wala?

2. Is it Abel's hour?

.

3.

telea fuwo no wale

3.

itii0 AO

4.

Ii. Takilba

mals.?,.--"

/rata fur' no gala?

1.

Kaman won. noflitla?

if

I. 1. Is it Kaman's?

3. Is it Amino's?

4.-Yokuba wone no wala?!.

4. Is it Yakuba's?

5. Bikari zone no wala? " $64.-

J. 1. 2.

F u wone

wala?

Ni wore' no wala?

ALwoneno wila?

3. Aran wone no walo?.6 14.

I *one no wale

.

it4bduts?

3. mlal wone no wala?

7-

.

rs house?

6. Is it. ratite howler.

Abdu women° vat*

...

it Yakuba's house?:

5

5. Bakari fuwo no waist/ 6.

Is it Andma's buuie?

p

5. Is it Bakarirsto

6. Istit Paiute

,

J. 1...la ityours? 2. Is it his/hers?

3. Is it yours? 1i4 Is it theirs?

-7,

I

L. 1. Ni worm no wala?

K. 1. Is it yourii Nos it's his" 2. Is it yours? :

Hee* a Inns no. 2. Aran wow no wala? -won* no.

No,

3. i won* no wala?

3. Is it his/hors? No, it's nine: 14. Is it theirs? No, it's ours.

Bala, trims no.

I won* no =la?

.

Kea, iri mono no. 1.manti Moan ftwo'no.

It isn't Kaman's house.

Nanti Abdo. fuwo

3. Kanti bib* fUwo no. Nanti takuba two no: 5. Naafi Bakari taro no. 6. Multi Fatn Also no,

It isn't Ahduss boos.

It isnl Ami,ss haute, 0

It isn't:\Iakuha's house.

It twit Bakari4 hou,e.

It isn't

N. I. Nanti Maui wee no.

K. 1. It isn't Names.

2. Nanti Abdn vow no,

2. It isn't Abdul/4'4'.

3. Mr. Mina wane no.

3. It isn't Abeinak,

16,43. Taub.. Imo no. 5. 1m ti Bakarr won* no. 6. Matt Fate wino rov

14. It isn't Takubals.

14t

50. It isn't Bakiri's.:.

IA

6. It isn't Fatale.

14 I. Maki 57 An) no,'

N. 1. It isn't 714' house,

'2. It isnasIt yogE house.

2. Nanti 41.1,fawo no.

fuwono: Monti iri$mro no. .Nanti ars foro'noip,* 6: Marti 1 brio no.. 3._1(ant:11

--

Fata's Kota

6.

isn't bib,

14. It

isn't our h

$. It is!! house. 6. it' imilt their bowie.

Monti sE Tons no.

2.

3.

104 1,

t3 at wow nol)

Ili isn't slime It" isaa't yours.

3. Nati a wee no.

3. It isn't his/hors.

\,4'. !anti Sri woos no!.

4. It isn't ours. 5. It Unit yours. 6. It isn't theirs.

anti lima wens no.ji Multi i woos no. 69r

88

,

c.,

( P. 1. Ni fuwo no wala?

10)3.-1. Is it your house?

.

No, it isn't mine.

ions no.

Ha la, mtanti

2...10, it your field?

2. Aran faro noliala?

Heap

Nos it isn't,oure.

=nit iri ticsle_no.

3. fs it his/her';-villigs?

A -kwara no wala? Hata, *anti

'4", it isn't his/hors.

a wone no.

It. Is it their village? Nos it isn't theirri.

14. I fawo no wala?

Ha'a, manti i won, no.

Q. 1 Is it Mamanls house?

Q. 1. Haman fuwo no wala?

manti a

&Ito

No, it isn't his house.

no.

2. Is it Abdu's field?

2. Abdo faro no wala? Ha'a, *anti

No, it isn't his field.

a taro no..

3Z Is it Antilles

3. Amin* kwara no

No, it isn't her village.

Halal manti s. kware no.

4

I. ' R. 1. Yakuba Hata,

R. 1.4x8 it Takubsge house?

fuwo no wala? manti a wow no.

No, it isn't his. 2. Is it Balcari's field?

2. Bakari faro no valid-

No, it

%'a; manti a wone no.

village?

No, it isn't hers.

Hata, manti views no.

Haman nda)Abdu fuwo no valid

2. Uinta ;Ida Ulna fare no .Ha'a, manti i wone no.

wala?

no wala?

Ha'a, *anti i wone no.

3. 1. Is it

Haman ani Abdul& house?

Nop it isn't

Hata, manti i wone no.

3. Bakari nda Fatu kwara

isn't his.

3. Is it Fatale

3. Patti kwara no wala.?

S.

village?

theirs.

2. Is it !Slats' and Amines field?

No, it isn't theirs. 3. Is it Bsikari

and Fates village?

Nor it isn't theirs.

89

--Pho-noi47 .

A. tribe tribe :

FF. 1. Hu'kuna Itc, go ga far no.

2. Hu'kuna a go ga

FF. 1. He's farming today.

no.

2. He's hiirding today.

.3. Hu'kuna a go v./doh-no.

3. He's forging today.

far no.

2. Butknnal. goe.galcuru

They're fanning 2. -They're. hrding

3. Hu'kuna i-go-ga dan no.

3. They're forging today.

GO. 1. Hu'kuna i go ga

GO. 1.

HH. 1. Boro mardye nogo ga Bakari

today.

HH. 1. How many men are helping' 1110

ga?

today.

Bakari?

Boro infardye no go ga Abdu

2. How-mwmen are helping Abdu?

3. Boro mardye no go ga Nhman

ga?

3. How many, men are helping

,

Mmman?

4. Boro mar dye no go ga Yakuba

14. How maw men are helping

ga?

Yakuba?

131

150'

.

5

1

II. I. How many men are helping you?

II. 1. Boro mardye no go ga ni ga?

are helping you?

2. Boro mardye no go ga aran ga?.

2. How many m,

3..Boro mardye no go ga a ga?

3. How many men. are helping him?

4. How many.men are helping them?

-4. Bores mardye no go ga i ga?

J.J. 1. Two men are helping Bakari.

M. 1. Boro hitka no go ga Bakari ga.

2; Two men are

2. Boro hiska no go ga Abdu ga.

3. Two men are helping Mhman.

:It'Boro hiska no go giNaman ga.

I. Two men are helping Yakuba.

4. Boro hitka no go ga Yakuba ga.

KK. 1. Three,men are helping Bakari.

KK. 1. Boro hi tza no go ga Bakari ga.

2. Three'men are-helping Abdu.

2..Boro hi za no go ga Abdu ga. 3. Boro hi *Da I>

a

Abdu.

/

go ga -Maman gat

Boro hilza no do ga Yakuba ga.

3. Three men are helping Maman. 4.

hree men are helping Yakuba.

LL. 1. Four men are helping Bakari

1. ;or° tatyi no go ga Bikari ga.

2. Boro tityi no go gi Abdu ga.

2. Four men are helping Abdo.

3. Boro tatyi no go ga Maman ga.

3. Four men are helpilg Malan.

4. Boro tatyi no. go ga Yakuba ga.

4. Four men are helping Yakuba.

10*g

-MM. 1. Five men are heibing Bakari.

MM. 1. Boro gu no go ga Bakari ga. 2. Boro gu no go ga Abdu ga.

2. Five in are helping Abdu.

3. Boro gu no go ga Maman ga.

3. Five men are helping MaMan& 4.- Five men are' helping Yakuba.

Boro gu-no go gYakuba ga.

N. 1. Two men are helping me.

rw NN. 1. Boro Utica no go ga ay ga. 2-$. Boro hilza no go ga ay ga.

4 Three men aregelping me.

3. Boro tatyi no go' ga ay ga.

3. Four men are helping me.

_4.

Boro Eno go ga ay ga.

4. Five men are helping me

00. 1. Two men are helping us.

Boro hitka no go gi iri 0. 7

2.Boro hitza no go ga iri ga.

2. Three men are helping us.

3. Boro tatyi no gti ga iri ga.

3. FOur men are helping us.

no go ga iri ga.

4. Five men are helkling us.

Boro

132 .

151

I

PP.7U--Boro hi!ka

.

p go ga a ga.

PP..1. Two men are

2. Boro hiss* no go ga,a ga. 3. Bore tatyi no go ga 1t. Bore en? go ga a gag,

2. Three men aro helping hii,

3. Tour men are 14. Sive

(n.11. Bar* hillai no go ga.. si 2._ Bcco hilsa'no go ga i ga".

helpitig him.

men are helping his.

QQ-4-1.r.Zwo men are helping

them.

2.Three men are helping them. 3: Four men are helping them:

3. Boro ald no go ga.i -h. Bei** an no go.p

14. Five non are helping them.'

RR. 1. I to no BalLari go ga to hu'kuna?

RR. 1.`itbat is-

.2. I to no Edit- Eo -ga-Ttec

Bakari doing today?

2-.--What-is1-bdu doing todayt3...What is &man doing today? 4. What is Yakuba doing today?

3. I to no Miami go ga to hulkuna. 4. I to no Takuba go ga to hnt/aisel

SS. 1. I to no

go ga to htliow? 2. I to no gran go ga to yalkuna? 3. I to no a go ga to halkuma? lg. I tone 1 jo ga to tailklusa?

SS. 1. What are you Mfg today?/ 2.-1that are Sren,clging' today?

3. What is he doing today? 4. y.hat_are they doing today?

TT. 1. Bakari go ga far no butkuma. 2. Abdn go ga far no hu'kuna.

TT.- 1.

Bakari, is farming today.

2. Abdo is farMing today.

3. limn go ga far no hulkuna. Ia go ga far no hulkuna.

34 Moan is farming. 14.

AU. 1. Bakari go ga kuiru no hu!kuna. '

takeba is

today.

farming today.

UU. 1. Bakari is herding today.

2. Abdn go ga'kuru no Inkokuna. 3. Num go ga kuru no hu'kdia. b.

helping him.

2. Abdul is herding today. Norman is herding today.

Takuba go ga kuru no hu'kuna.

-114 Taktiba4s herding today.

TY. 1. Bakari go ga dan no hu'kuna. f 2. Abdn go ga dan ni hnIkuna. 3. Mum go ga dam rho hnokunif

VV. ?.Baliari is .forgihg today. 2. Abdn is .forgiMg today. 3. Masan is ,forging *today.

Is. TAW* go ga dam a* iznIktin*a.

14. Takuba

133

b

ie

foiging todiT.

Ss.

0

W. 1. I'm farming today.

W. le Ay go ga far no huliauta.

b.

2. Ay go ga kuru no hu'kuna.

2. Ita

3. 4 go ga dan no hu'kuna.

3.

V I'm

today.

today.

XX. 1. We're farming today..

XI. 1. Iri go ga tar no hulkuna. 2. Iri go ga kuru no hu'kuna.

2. Were herding todv.

3. Iri go ga dinno hu'kuna.

3. We're forging todly.

1!. 1. He'

17. 1. A go ga far no hulkuna,

2

-2. A go ga knru no hu'kuna.

He

.

2. They're herding today.

no hu'kuna.

2. I go ga>

herding tod

ZZ. 1. They're farting today.

ht.ikuna..

ZZ. 1. I'go ga

farming today.

forging tittlare

,3. A go ga clan no hulkuna.

411

I

3. They're forging today.'

3. I go ga dan no hu'kuna.

AM. 1. Whoa' helping you?

AAA. i. May pogo ga ni ga? Bakari no go ga ay ga.

.

Bakai's helping me.

2. Who's helping you?

2. Myna go ga aran ga?

-1

,Abduli helping us.

Abdi no'go ga iri

,0

3. My no go ga a ga?

I

'3. Who's helping' him?

1Mmaan's helping him.

Naman no:golga a ga.

6Who's helping them?

14. Mb,' no'' go ga i gal.,

Take:Lis helpinethem.

Takuba no go gi

Note on the StructuraleDills

1. Those expressions assume that the person referred to has already been -meitioned.ii the conversation.

Phonolagr Drills ka

to arrive

A. a. Sono() no ay ka.

A. 1. I arrived (just) now.

,

J

ft '

134

153

white horse (def./indef.)

}al

Abdu told.%

ka hanno.

Abdu has

a pity

white horseirfr

to take out nab, hano

kusa re.

3. ± took the meat out of the pot.

k B. I. Man ,

child- (def./indef.)

koy?

ko

B. 1. Where has my child gone?

RP

ko (the

Ito

2. Bibata.

nako

foy te.

baobab tree) (defaindef.),t.

2. Bibata made a kosauce. *r

s.

ko

to' stop (of rain)

3. Sono no hero ko.

3. The i)ain has stopped now.

kan

thick (def./indef. eg.)

C. 1. Bibata foyo kern.

C. 1. Bibata's sauce is thick.

-to seize by force

kcea

2. Abdu seized Monts

2. Abdu na Masan Icon hen.

meat by tore*.

.01

to tip, leave

k6Y Di 1. MEDIU koy tabu.

D. 1, Madan went to the market.

koy

chiefs head (indef.)

2. Lrkoy ga td. koy.

2.' God is the

koy 3.

Ay

owner (indef.)

ga ti fedyi koy.,.

3. I'm the owner of the sheep.

, kwly B. 1. Ay go .

horse (def./incief.) ko' iti kwara.

E. 1. Ism going to your house.

kiira

village (def./indef.)

2. Aran kara ga beri.

2. Your villige is big.

,

V

chief.

art

-

a

135

154

UNIT 16 Dialogue 1 NI;

'what

i fo

to sow

duma A: I fo no ni ga duma ni farey ra?

Al What do you, sow in your fields?

'hayni

millet (indef. eg.)

damsi

peantb. (indef. sg.) 410.

kolkoti

B:i4ni

nda damsi nda kolkoti no

maize (indef. sg.)

B: I sow millet, peanuts, and ,

4

maize.

ay 'ga ddma.

) ..)

Al When will you sot peanuts?

:21elati fo no ni ga damsi duma? 0

ha'do

month (def.)

1 p.B::Baldo kal ga kar no ay ga duma.

B:

sow next month.

babe

a lot, much, many

Al Do you sow a lotof

ga hayni bobo dumail

1

kayna

a little, a few

>

`Br` Hata; hayni kayna no ay ga duma.

(;)

B: To, I sow '(only) a little millet.

Dialogue 2 AA'

ai'dyi

to plant

A: I fo no Bakarigaeildyi ilgi

euriTi;r"

t

Al V* does Bakari plant in his

2

.

fields?

rogo

cassava (indef. eg.)

kudaku

sweet potato (indef. eg.) 4

polpiter2

potato (def. /indef. sg.)

B: Rogo nda kudaku,nda polpiter no

B: He plants cassava, sweet pota.

a ga sildyi.

toes, and potatoes.

136

1513

As *tile no a gipotpiter

Al Wh

si!cr!

I

B4 Ha'do ka' ga kay no a ga

si'dyi

1L he plant potatoes?

/Bs He'll plant next month.

's

Dialogue 3 N

As I to no Abdo nda Haman ga duis4

Al What do Abduand Haman sow in

itgerfarey ra2

P

their fields?

Bs Kelkoti ma i gi duma.

Bi 4hey sow maize. t4A=

Dialogue 4 (signals the Past when the object precedes ills verb)."

ma rage nda kudaku sildyi?vir

A: Have you planted cassava and /'

sweet potatoes?

bn.

to die

B: Oho, hatde ka' be np ay si'dyi.

B: Yes, I planted last month.

A: Do yoU plant only a fe:jopiatoes2

Ni ga petpiter kayna si'dyi?

Bs Hata, pelpiter bobo no ay ga

Bg,Nos I plant a let of potatoes.-

si'dyi.

Dialogue,

5 ,

Al Aran na haynl. nda damsi dual./

As Have you sown milletsand peanuts? _

Bs Oho, ha'do ka' bu no iri duma,

Bs Yes, we vowed last month.

137

1.56

.'

MUMPS on the Dialogues 1. Literally, hildo kat ga kay means

the math which is caningst

sitp$ is used only in this ampiresSien to replace ka Ito cone.,

Lto

Batde

-r

.ka$ bu naans "toe month which died." 2. -Borrowed from the French panne de terre.

Structural Drills

V'. A. 1. What does Bakari sow in his

AA lOsj fo no Bakari-ga duma i'ga

fields?

farey ra? 2.

-2. What does Abdo saw in his

I f:76 Abdo ga duma Piga

fields?

farey rot?

J

3.

. Whitt does Haman saw in hsi

I fa no hamaaga dumb. itga

,fields?

Carey rat

fields?

farey rat

B. 1. What do you sow in your fields?

B. 1. I to no ni ga duma ni faray ,

*"

4. What does Yakuba sow in -his

14. I fp no Takuba ga dumaitga

t

4

ra? ,2. What do you sow in yoUr fields?

2. I fe no &ran ga duna

farey is? -3. What does he sow in his fields?

3. I fo no a.ga dna& Ea rarity ra?

4. What do they sou in t heir fields?

4. I fo no i ga duma lam farey

C. 1. What does Bakari plant' in hisM

C. 1. I to no Bakari ga sildyi i'ga

fields?

farey ra? 2.

2. What does Abduplant in his

I fo no Abdu ga sisdyi ilga

fields?

farey ra? 3.

3. What does Haman plant in his .

I fo no *aim ga sildyi iga

Bolds?

farey ra?

4. What does Yakuba plant in his

4. / fo no Yakuba ga sildyi ilga

fields?

farey ra?

)38

157

I

D. 1. Ife-no ni ga si'dyi ni farey

D. 1. What doyen plant in rour fields?

are

2. I fo no an ga

2. What do you plmrt'in:your

a

farey ra?

3. I fo no a ga

fields?

411e fat*

3. What does he plant in his

ra?

fields?

4. I fo no i ga sildyi ism ram

4. What do they plant in their

ra?

fields?

E. 1.

amino ay ga duaa.

B.14 I sow millet.

2.

Damsi no ay ga duna.

2. I sow peanuts.

3. Holkotino ay ga duma.

3. I sow maize,.

7..14

Itzaino iri ga dm*.

2.

loud Ise iri ga duma.

F. 1. We sow-millet.

tr.

2. We sow peanuts.

3. Kekoti no isi ga dumb

3. We sewmaire

O. 14

Ski as a ga duns..

1. He sows millet.

2.

Damsi no a ga drama.

2. ,He sows peanuts.

3. roIkoti ao a ga dma.

1.

vs

2.

Masi

ne i

3. He sows maize.

gm dom.

,

H. 1. They sow millet.

ga dun.

2. They sow peanuts.

3. lelkati a.i ga

I.

S.

3. They sow maize.

Kolkoti'no

I. 1. I spit maize.

air ga duma. 2.

Dalai nda kelkoti ni

2. I sow peanuts and maize.-

ay ga duma.

3. Muni nda damsi nda kolkoti no

3. I sow millet, peanuts, and

Kr ga dams'.

maize.

139

158

c

J. 1.

J. 1. We sow maize. .

Kolkoti no

:

iri ga duaa. 2. We sow peanuts and maize.

Damsi nda kolkoti no

2.

iri ga

/

0

3. We sow millet, peanuts, and

damagt nda kolkoti ne

3. Bayni

gsi dins.

K. 1. I plant cassava.

IL41 no ay gs. si

E. 1. 2.

2. I. plant sweet potatoes.

Hudaku 40 ay 05:0071.6

3. I plant potatoes.

.3. ftlnitar*no ay ga

Eoz no u ga 111.141..

L. 1.

3. ":i'o!pitor

H. .

L. 1. We plant cassava." 2. We plant sweet potateei..

indaka no iri ga

2.

no'iri

N. 1. He plants cassava. 2. He plante.sweet potatoes.

rdyi.

Klikhdca no a gt:

2.

3. We plant potatoes.

ga '53.1ctri.

agazeil4yi.

,.

I

3.1a- plants, potatoes.

3. palpitar, at.

",

Re, no

1.

si rdri.

N. 1. They plant cassava.

2. They plant sweet potatoes.

Eudalm na i 0 81:41.,

2.

3. Thby Plant'potatoes.

3. .Pospiter: no,i 'ga

Lt

O. 1.

.

no .ay. ga

10ie

Po'piter

0. 1. I plant potateee.

-

2. I plant sweet potatoessmd

.Kndaim nda po Ipiter

2.

potatoes.

t AID ay ga si

3. I plant cassava, sweet potatoes,

3. Rpgo 'nda kudaku nda po'piter ,

.and potatoes.

no ay ga si

fir

ye Ipiter

P. 1.

P. 1. We plant potatoes.

ga si 147i.

2.:We plant sweet potatoes and

Kwiaku nda polpiter

potatoes.

no iri ga sitc0.

3. We plant cassava, sweet potatoes,

3. Rego nda kudaku nda po'piter

and potatoes.

'. no iri ga sitotyit

159 A

al/

4. 1. Wati YO no ni go' hayni duna?

2. Wati fo no as

ga hayni,duis?

Q. 1. When will you sow millet? 2. When will

he sown:Wet?

3. Wati it$ no a. ga hayni done

3. When will'

h. Wati fp no i ga hayti duma?

h. When will they sow millet?

War

J

.

84,24 Wati fa no ni ga damsi duns.?

R. When will you sow, eanuts?

2.11ati fo no,aran ga damsi duma?

2. When will you sow 31"1 :..

.

village

villige pef./indef.)

gi

'Cris

,

:'

to vc mit

4'

.

vomiting (def.)

'

halal.

iri

def.)

4.to

vingt

."

14

,

very early Morning Na,

\,

tourney

,'

23

hala

yew

\:,

13

30

1113

x

..,

mar&

20.

hilka,

'two

..

..,

week --(def.)

. ____,

Irk (indef.) well-being (def. /indef.) .

were

,

habo

27

baba

27

daaa

26

--'

sepain

bien4tre

,

,

what

ga

7

'fo

:11

ittre-

Iequel

quyest-Ze

i fo

1.6

what'

mate

1

comment

what one

wofo

12

lequel

'what

-

284

-f

3o1

qua.

.1

t

when '

'mati fo.)-

when

30

wati kat

where

man

.

fo

which one

wofo

'why

ou ,quel

11 /1

mai

7

. jna.y

$

qui a

22%

'i fro se

ue (indef.)

'walde

will be

7

avec

22

nda

with

pourquoi

etre

,

Banda.

dequi femme

10.

ga

.14411"

quand.

1

which

whose

qUand

,2

2

avec

'se

19

avec

si

23

sane

11,

Jwith

e

without, -k womemb(def.)

woyborey

work (+ndef. 8g.)

ivt goy

.

22

4

femmes

114

travail,

22

traVailler

0

to work

goy

year (indef.).-

dYiti

.

4.

an

114

fl

yes

i

4t10

.

Oui

2

4

YesAterday

bi'

yonder)

yo'go

you (4 object)

ni

4%

you (sg. subject)

ni

1

bier

2

11

.11-bas'

to

,.---

yoking (def. /i.

.4h)

yomnger brother/sister

zanka

25

kayno

25

jean frre /jeune soeui

(def.)

..you (p1. object)

aran

4

ous

you (pl. subjectl

aran

1

us

your (p1.)

aran

your (sg.)

ni

'

.

6

.

v tre/vos

6

ton /1 altes

I

ass

302.

FRENO 11.11131141.4GLISH GLOSSARY

do

ce soir

ga

to buy

23

dey

aide.

to help

Ilse

aUsgricain

25 bero 25 berg koy 28 amerike

an

dyiri

a.11er

tonight:

30

hale-i'cayna

iacheter.

.

to

1

elder brother (def.) elder sister (def,)

to go American (indef. 8g.) 'f-

14

ngl 81-1 s

year (indef.)

English' (indef. sg.)

28

Egnie derniSre

Mennen

ands prochaine

19 yesi hale kayne

plus tard

at year

19

next,year 30

until 'later

APPorter

Ica tde

27

apriipaidi (tard) aw4s4aidi (tat) "awits cela

elide.,

20'

erachide argent

d133asi

peanut,

noro

money (def. sg.)

zari

20

88115 nter-

totton hutkuna

aussi

MO

eirantaitier

bifo

avec

bda

avec

nda se

avo.r

gO Ida

and thenl, after -that

korol

(indef. age)

to ai;:ive

14

helper (ind

27

above

_

today

6

4

too; also

day" 'before yesterday with with - oor "At with

27 22

2

19

to have

to want; need to have fever

23

avoir besoin de

avoir de la fiJvre

27

4 to lncre ase

aujourdthui

avec

late' afternoon (indef.) early aternoon (indef.)

20

gako bone

71,

$

wodin ba

to

arriaer assistant

to bring

27_.

286 .3

03

.

,.

,avoir la diarrhee

-

sore

27

to have diarrhea

bavarder

fakarey

beaucoup

bobo

16

a lbt, much, many

beaucoup

gume

30,

a lot, much

berger

kurko

toire

hat

boisson de mil.

dono

to chat

22

14

dams

-hien-etre

--..

herdsman (indef.)

26.

well-being (def./indef. sg.)

21

to drink

a drink 5pde of millet

21 -

(def. sg.)

Oooisson de mil

done

41.

21

a drink made of millet.

,

bon

(indef. sg.)

bori

,

10

bon

samek YI

bonjour,

fofo

good (indef. sg.)4

I

goods

1

he'llo .

bonjour.

1

ngwoya

.

hello

e.

tohnot

23

fulo

...boubOU

a hat (def.)

k)4a;;11-1,22

bouillie

hawro

21

bouillis

hawru

21

N

pprridge, -food

porridge, food (indef. sg.)

,

calebasses

gasey

es

wone

27

this

ceIui-bi

wone

11

this one here

celai=ci

wono

1/

this one

22

,

wohetdi

id wono (la-bas) 7

a garment ( dndef..)

'calabashes (def.).

12

,

that one (middle distance)

11

that one there

11

that one

woyongo

12

that, one (far away)

celuimla (Wit px4s)

wodin

12

that one (near by)

cent

zangu.

23

hundred

ce soot

ne'

11

they are

4

ctest

ne

it is

4

1

_

ciest pourquoi.

wodin se.

cette

wone

cette semline

habu wone ra

ceux-ci

woney

30

so, therefore

27

11

this 27

this week these ones

.0.

Va.

--7=,

ceux-li

woney'

chaleur chasm=

korni . 20 70 ''19 r

champ

chug;

4

i.

.

einem': chaque

.

chain

.

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mother (indef.)

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thousand

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sweet potato (indef. sg.)

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to have, possess

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rice (indef. sg.)

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sale

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salut

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rainy season (def. /indef.)

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dirty (def.hndef. sg.) 0

greeting (def./indef.)

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Saturday (in4f.)-

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health* (in40.)

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sun (indef.)

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29

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a little, a fey

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