Contraddizione e dialettica negli antichi e nei moderni 8883020448, 9788883020445
454 42 5MB
Italian Pages 308 [311] Year 1987
Polecaj historie
Citation preview
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INTRODUZIONE
Questo non vuole essere, e probabilmente non è, un libro di storia della filosofia, cioè un'esposizione documentata, e corredata dalla necessaria valutazione della letteratura critica, di un tema sviluppatosi nel corso dei secoli. Esso è la ricerca, mossa da un interesse soprattutto teoretico, della struttura logica del discorso filosofico, ricerca che si svolge all'interno della storia, nella convinzione che non è necessario scoprire verità nuove, ma basta saper cercare la verità là dove essa si trova, cioè in alcuni momenti - non ovviamente in tutti - della storia della filosofia. Perciò dal punto di vista storico l'esposizione sarà tutt'altro che completa: non mancheranno i necessari riferimenti alle opere dei filosofi, che sono l'unico luogo autentico in cui può essere effettivamente ritrovata la filosofia, ma mancheranno - anche per motivi di brevità - tutte quelle informazioni bibliografiche che normalmente si richiedono ad un'opera di storia della filosofia. In compenso il lettore potrà trovarvi - almeno si spera - una presa di posizione personale nei confronti dei problemi e degli autori trattati, sempre finalizzata all'obiettivo sopra indicato. Perché questo interesse? Perché la tanto conclamata, e tuttavia innegabile, crisi odierna della filosofia è, a mio avviso, essenzialmente una crisi di struttura logica. Non intendo assumere quest'ultimo termine in un senso troppo tecnico: non mi riferisco infatti alla logica simbolica ed alle relative tecniche di formalizzazione. Per struttura logica intendo un procedimento argomentativo suscettibile di essere controllato, o, meglio, di «essere messo alla prova}>, « saggiato}> nella sua consistenza, che è condizione imprescindibile per la verità, secondo quel tipo di esame (nEiQa) che praticava già Socrate. Essa consente di valutare quando una qualsiasi asserzione è sufficientemente fondata, giustificata, tale da poter essere considerata accettabile anche al di fuori della particolare situazione soggettiva in www.scribd.com/Baruch_2013
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