Coal Information 2019 9264963839, 9789264963832

Table of contents :
COAL INFORMATION 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COAL OVERVIEW
Summary
Production
Trade
Consumption
Uses of coal
Coal resources and reserves
PART I - EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. DEFINITIONS OF PRODUCTS AND FLOWS
2. SOURCES AND NOTES
3. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
4. ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
PART II - WORLD AND OECD COAL OVERVIEW
Table 1: World energy balance 2017
Table 2: Total OECD energy balance 2017
Table 3: World total coal supply and end use 2017 and 2018p
Table 4: World coal production (kt)
Table 5: World coal production (ktce)
Table 6: World coal consumption (kt)
Table 7: World coal consumption (ktce)
Table 8: World use of coal for selected end-uses
Table 9: World coal share of total primary energy supply
Figure 1: World coal production
Figure 2: World steam and coking coal trade
Figure 3: Coal production by region
Figure 4: Coal consumption by region
Figure 5: Coal imports by region
Figure 6: Coal exports by region
Figure 7: OECD total primary energy supply
Figure 8: OECD coal consumption and indicators
PART III - DETAILED OECD COAL DATA
DIRECTORY OF PART III FIGURES AND TABLES
OECD TOTAL
OECD AMERICAS
OECD ASIA OCEANIA
OECD EUROPE
IEA
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
CANADA
CHILE
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
ICELAND
IRELAND
ISRAEL
ITALY
JAPAN
KOREA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOURG
MEXICO
NETHERLANDS
NEW ZEALAND
NORWAY
POLAND
PORTUGAL
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED STATES
COUNTRY NOTES
PART IV - NON-OECD COAL DATA
BRAZIL
BULGARIA
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
COLOMBIA
HONG KONG (CHINA)
INDIA
INDONESIA
KAZAKHSTAN
PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA
MALAYSIA
MONGOLIA
MOZAMBIQUE
PHILIPPINES
ROMANIA
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
SERBIA
SOUTH AFRICA
CHINESE TAIPEI
THAILAND
UKRAINE
BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
VIET NAM
AFRICA
NON-OECD ASIA EXCLUDING CHINA
EUROPEAN UNION - 28
NON-OECD AMERICAS
NON-OECD EUROPE AND EURASIA
NON-OECD TOTAL
WORLD
COUNTRY NOTES AND SOURCES
PART V - PRICES
Figure 1: Delivered steam coal prices in Europe and Asia
Figure 2: FOB port steam coal prices in South Africa and Australia
Figure 3: OECD international trade values for steam coal and oil
Figure 4: Steam coal import and export value comparison
Table 1: Japan coking coal import costs
Table 2: EU coking coal import costs from selected countries
Table 3: Japan steam coal import costs
Table 4: EU steam coal import costs from selected countries
Table 5: Steam coal export costs
Table 6: Coking coal export costs
Table 7: Coking coal prices for industry
Table 8: Steam coal prices for industry
Table 9: Steam coal prices for electricity generation
Figure 5: Coking coal priceCIF Japan and CIF EU member states (USD/tonne)
Figure 6: Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (USD/tonne)
Figure 7: Steam coal priceUS FOB vs. US domestic (USD/tonne)
Figure 8: Steam coal price CIF EU member states (USD/tonne) and US exports (million tonnes)
PART VI - HISTORICAL TIME SERIES
1. PRODUCTION
Table 1.1: World coking coal production
Table 1.2: World steam coal production
Table 1.3: World lignite production
Table 1.4: World peat production
Table 1.5: World oil shale and oil sands production
Table 1.6: OECD coke oven coke production
2. CONSUMPTION
Table 2.1: World coking coal consumption
Table 2.2: World steam coal consumption
Table 2.3: World lignite consumption
Table 2.4: OECD coke oven coke consumption
3. TRADE
Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade
Table 3.2: World total coal trade
Table 3.3: World steam coal trade
Table 3.4: World coking coal trade
Table 3.5: World coal imports - regional aggregates
Table 3.6: World sub-bituminous and lignite imports - regional aggregates
Table 3.7: World coal imports - selected countries
Table 3.8: World sub-bituminous and lignite imports - selected countries
Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates
Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates
Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries
Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries
Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports
Table 3.14: World coal exports - regional aggregates
Table 3.15: World sub-bituminous and lignite exports - regional aggregates
Table 3.16: World coal exports - selected countries
Table 3.17: World sub-bituminous and lignite exports - selected countries
Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates
Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates
Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries
Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries
Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports
4. USES OF COAL
Table 4.1: OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity, 1990 to 2017
Table 4.2: OECD coal, peat and oil shale use for electricity production and heat sold
Table 4.3: World coal use in coke ovens
Table 4.4: World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals
Table 4.5: Coal-fired heat and electricity generation efficiency and share - 2017
Table 4.6: World braunkohlebrikett (BKB) inputs
Table 4.7: Coal use in iron and steel production
Table 4.8: Coal use in non-metallic mineral industries

Citation preview

Coal information

2019

Coal information

with 2018 data

2019

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 30 member countries, 8 association countries and beyond.

IEA member countries:

IEA association countries:

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Brazil China India Indonesia Morocco Singapore South Africa Thailand

The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA

Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... vii COAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................ ix Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... ix Production .................................................................................................................................................................. x Trade ........................................................................................................................................................................ xii Consumption ........................................................................................................................................................... xiv Uses of coal ............................................................................................................................................................. xvi

PART I: EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. 2. 3. 4.

Definitions of products and flows ....................................................................................................................... I.3 Sources and notes.............................................................................................................................................. I.13 Geographical coverage ..................................................................................................................................... I.19 Abbreviations and conversion factors ............................................................................................................... I.23

PART II: WORLD AND OECD COAL OVERVIEW Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 5: Table 6: Table 7: Table 8: Table 9: Figure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7: Figure 8:

World energy balance in 2017 ............................................................................................................... II.3 OECD energy balance in 2017............................................................................................................... II.4 World coal supply and end-use in 2017 and 2018p ............................................................................... II.5 World coal production (kt) ..................................................................................................................... II.7 World coal production (ktce) ................................................................................................................. II.9 World coal consumption (kt) ............................................................................................................... II.11 World coal consumption (ktce) ............................................................................................................ II.14 World use of coal for selected end uses ............................................................................................... II.17 World coal share of total primary energy supply ................................................................................. II.19 World coal production ......................................................................................................................... II.22 World steam and coking coal trade ...................................................................................................... II.22 Coal production by region.................................................................................................................... II.23 Coal consumption by region ................................................................................................................ II.23 Coal imports by region ......................................................................................................................... II.24 Coal exports by region ......................................................................................................................... II.24 OECD total primary energy supply...................................................................................................... II.25 OECD coal consumption and indicators .............................................................................................. II.25

PART III: DETAILED OECD COAL DATA OECD Total .......................................................... III.5 OECD Americas.................................................. III.13 OECD Asia Oceania ........................................... III.21 OECD Europe ..................................................... III.29 IEA Total............................................................. III.37 Australia .............................................................. III.45 Austria ................................................................. III.52 Belgium ............................................................... III.58 Canada ................................................................. III.65

Chile ................................................................... III.73 Czech Republic .................................................... III.78 Denmark .............................................................. III.86 Estonia ................................................................ III.91 Finland ................................................................. III.97 France ................................................................ III.103 Germany ............................................................ III.109 Greece ................................................................ III.117 Hungary ............................................................. III.123 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Directory of Part III figures and tables ............................................................................................................. III.3

iv - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Iceland ............................................................... III.129 Ireland ............................................................... III.134 Israel .................................................................. III.140 Italy ................................................................... III.146 Japan.................................................................. III.152 Korea ................................................................. III.157 Latvia ................................................................ III.162 Lithuania ........................................................... III.168 Luxembourg ...................................................... III.174 Mexico .............................................................. III.179 Netherlands ....................................................... III.185 New Zealand ..................................................... III.193

Norway .............................................................. III.201 Poland ................................................................ III.207 Portugal.............................................................. III.215 Slovak Republic................................................. III.220 Slovenia ............................................................ III.226 Spain .................................................................. III.232 Sweden .............................................................. III.239 Switzerland ........................................................ III.245 Turkey................................................................ III.251 United Kingdom ................................................ III.257 United States ...................................................... III.263

Country notes .................................................................................................................................................. III.271

PART IV: NON-OECD COAL DATA Brazil ..................................................................... IV.3 Bulgaria ................................................................. IV.5 China, People’s Republic of .................................. IV.7 Colombia ............................................................. IV.11 Hong Kong, China .............................................. IV.13 India .................................................................... IV.15 Indonesia ............................................................. IV.17 Kazakhstan .......................................................... IV.19 Korea, People’s Democratic Republic ............... IV.22 Malaysia ............................................................. IV.23 Mongolia ............................................................ IV.25 Mozambique ....................................................... IV.27 Philippines ........................................................... IV.29 Romania .............................................................. IV.31 Russian Federation .............................................. IV.33

Serbia ................................................................... IV.36 South Africa......................................................... IV.37 Chinese Taipei ..................................................... IV.39 Thailand ............................................................... IV.41 Ukraine ................................................................ IV.43 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of ...................... IV.47 Viet Nam ............................................................. IV.49 Africa ................................................................... IV.51 Non-OECD Asia excluding China....................... IV.52 European Union – 28 ........................................... IV.53 Non-OECD Americas .......................................... IV.54 Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia .......................... IV.55 Non-OECD Total................................................. IV.56 World ................................................................... IV.57

Country notes and sources ............................................................................................................................... IV.59

Figure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 5: Table 6: Table 7: Table 8: Table 9: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7:

Delivered steam coal prices in Europe and Asia (USD/t CIF) ............................................................... V.3 FOB port steam coal prices in South Africa and Australia (USD/t FOB).............................................. V.3 OECD international trade values for steam coal and oil (USD/tce)....................................................... V.4 Steam coal import and export value comparison (USD/t) ..................................................................... V.4 Japan coking coal import costs .............................................................................................................. V.5 EU coking coal import costs from selected countries ............................................................................ V.5 Japan steam coal import costs ............................................................................................................... V.6 EU steam coal import costs from selected countries .............................................................................. V.6 Steam coal export costs .......................................................................................................................... V.7 Coking coal export costs ........................................................................................................................ V.7 Coking coal prices for industry .............................................................................................................. V.8 Steam coal prices for industry ................................................................................................................ V.9 Steam coal prices for electricity generation ......................................................................................... V.10 Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ....................................................... V.11 Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ......................................................... V.11 Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t) ............................................................................ V.12

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PART V: COAL PRICES

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - v

Figure 8: Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (Mt) ............................................... V.12

PART VI: HISTORICAL TIME SERIES 1. Production Table 1.1: World coking coal production (kt) ..................................................................................................... VI.5 Table 1.2: World steam coal production (kt) ...................................................................................................... VI.6 Table 1.3: World lignite production (kt) ............................................................................................................. VI.8 Table 1.4: World peat production (kt)............................................................................................................... VI.10 Table 1.5: World oil shale and oil sands production (kt) .................................................................................. VI.10 Table 1.6: OECD coke oven coke production (kt) ............................................................................................ VI.11 2. Consumption Table 2.1: Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Table 2.4:

World coking coal consumption (kt) ............................................................................................... VI.15 World steam coal consumption (kt) ................................................................................................. VI.17 World lignite consumption (kt) ........................................................................................................ VI.20 OECD coke oven coke consumption (kt) ........................................................................................ VI.22

4. Uses of coal Table 4.1: OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity .............................................................. VI.39 Table 4.2: OECD coal use for electricity production and heat sold .................................................................. VI.40 Table 4.3: World coal use in coke ovens .......................................................................................................... VI.41 Table 4.4: World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals .......................................................... VI.42 Table 4.5: Coal-fired heat and electricity generation and saturation................................................................. VI.43 Table 4.6: World braunkohlebrikett (BKB) inputs .......................................................................................... VI.46 Table 4.7: Coal use in iron and steel production ............................................................................................... VI.47 Table 4.8: Coal use in non-metallic mineral industries ..................................................................................... VI.51

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3. Trade Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade ......................................................................................................... VI.25 Table 3.2: World total coal trade....................................................................................................................... VI.25 Table 3.3: World steam coal trade .................................................................................................................... VI.26 Table 3.4: World coking coal trade ................................................................................................................... VI.26 Table 3.5: World coal imports - regional aggregates ........................................................................................ VI.27 Table 3.6: World sub-bituminous coal and lignite imports - regional aggregates ............................................ VI.27 Table 3.7: World coal imports - selected countries ........................................................................................... VI.28 Table 3.8: World sub-bituminous coal and lignite imports - selected countries ............................................... VI.28 Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates ............................................................................ VI.29 Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates .............................................................................. VI.29 Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries ............................................................................... VI.30 Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries ................................................................................ VI.30 Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports ....................................................................................................... VI.31 Table 3.14: World coal exports - regional aggregates ....................................................................................... VI.32 Table 3.15: World sub-bituminous coal and lignite exports - regional aggregates ............................................. VI.32 Table 3.16: World coal exports - selected countries ........................................................................................... VI.33 Table 3.17: World sub-bituminous coal and lignite exports - selected countries ............................................... VI.33 Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates............................................................................. VI.34 Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates .............................................................................. VI.34 Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries ............................................................................... VI.35 Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries ................................................................................. VI.35 Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports ........................................................................................................ VI.36

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - vii

INTRODUCTION

This monitoring and reporting of historical trends and current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis to better inform the decision process towards developing policies that are best suited to meet domestic and/or international objectives. IEA Coal Information 2019 brings together in one volume, statistics compiled by the IEA on coal supply, consumption, trade and prices for both member and non-member countries1. It also includes information on coal by-products. Part I provides important documentation that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication and to understand the details of the statistical methodology and collection practices related to the coal data. Part II presents, in tabular form, a statistical overview of world coal market in 2017 and 20182. It covers world coal production, coal trade, world coal supply, and coal consumption for selected end uses. Part III provides in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of coal developments in the 36 OECD member countries, both by regional aggregate and individually. Detailed information pertinent to specific countries has been compiled these specificities are presented at the end

1. This publication is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. In addition, the term “country” refers to a country or a territory, as the case may be. 2. With the exception of some pricing data, most data for 2018 are provisional. Some provisional data, particularly for non-OECD economies, may have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

of Part III, along with a weighted average of the supply-side calorific values used for preparing national energy balances for each applicable fuel. Part IV covers summary statistics on coal balances and trade (including partner) data for selected years for major coal-producing and consuming countries and economies, in addition to several regional aggregates. Part V and Part VI provide the reference tables to the Part II review on coal production, consumption, trade and prices. It also includes some more specialised end-use tables and selected charts. OECD data are taken from IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics that are based on annual, quarterly and monthly submissions from OECD member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Data Centre of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administration to secure consistent time series with particular regard for IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. This work is supplemented by the use of energy industry publications, national statistics reports and other material. Non-OECD data are based upon official information collected by the IEA Secretariat, official national submissions to the United Nations, and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in World Energy Balances and World Energy Statistics. Users of this publication are directed to the Methodology section of that publication for more detail on individual non-Member countries covered here. OECD coal balances and statistics, including itemized import and export data, along with world supply data are available on our online data service and on USB keys. Information on ordering the data service or USB keys and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book and on the IEA website at www.iea.org/statistics. Moreover, data can also be obtained on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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IEA Coal Information 2019 is the latest edition of an annual publication providing comprehensive information on coal to policy and market analysts and those employed in all sectors of the coal industry.

viii - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Price data in Parts II, III and V are derived from the quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Readers should consult this IEA/OECD publication for detailed information on methodology, data coverage and data sources. Country notes and documentation are available online in the Energy Prices and Taxes folder at: http://wds.iea.org/wds/. Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA website. Within the IEA Secretariat, annual energy data were collected by the Energy Data Centre (EDC) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Duncan Millard until February 2019 and currently by Nick Johnstone. The IEA would like to thank our numerous contacts worldwide in national administrations and in public and private companies for their helpful co-operation, as well as acknowledge their dedication and professionalism. Julian Prime has the overall responsibility of this report. The publication and its statistics were produced by Beatriz Martinez and Konstantinos Theodoropoulos, with the support of Laura Mari Martinez. Within the IEA, for OECD members, other data and overviews were prepared: by Aidan Kennedy for electricity, by Samantha Mead for renewables, by Angela Ortega Pastor for oil, and by Louis Chambeau and Faidon Papadimoulis for natural gas. OECD fuel

data were prepared under the responsibility of Julian Prime for coal, electricity and renewables, and under the responsibility of Erica Robin for oil and natural gas. OECD energy balances data and overviews were prepared by Rémi Gigoux, Francesco Mattion and Faidon Papadimoulis under the responsibility of Roberta Quadrelli. Non-OECD countries statistics and overviews were prepared by Nicolas Coënt, Laila El-Ashmawy, Musa Erdogan, Markus Fager-Pintilä, Julia Guyon, Byungho Jung, Nikolaos Kordevas and Claire Morel, with the support of Antonio Carvalho, under the responsibility of Céline Rouquette Also in the IEA Secretariat, input from the Energy Supply Outlook Division, part of the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks, was crucial to the compilation of this edition, while special thanks are also due to the Gas, Coal and Power Markets Division and Carlos Fernandez-Alvarez for invaluable assistance. Editorial and desktop publishing support from Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged. Enquiries, comments and suggestions are most welcome and should be addressed to: Laura Mari Martinez or Julian Prime Energy Data Centre, International Energy Agency Telephone: (+33) 1 40 57 65 88 or 1 40 57 66 31 E-mail: coalaq @ iea.org

What’s new? New OECD Member: Lithuania Lithuania became an OECD Member in July 2018. Accordingly, Lithuania appears in the list of OECD Members and is included in the OECD aggregates for data from 1990.

New Association country: South Africa

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South Africa joined the IEA as an Association country in November 2018. Accordingly, South Africa is now included in the IEA and Accession/Association countries aggregate for data starting in 1971 and for the entire time series.

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - ix

COAL OVERVIEW Summary

Figure 1: World coal consumption variation 2017-2018 (Mtce)

World coal production increased in 2018 by 250 Mt, an increase of 3.3%, which was approximately the same as the growth rate in 2017. However, despite two years of significant growth production levels were still 162 Mt lower than peak production in 2013. The growth was affected to a great extent by a 4.5% increase in coal production in the People’s Republic of China. Conversely, coal consumption in the People’s Republic of China only recorded an increase of 1.0 % in 2018.

In terms of trade, the increase in the international demand for US coal, driven by Asian and European countries, only partially offset the decline in coal consumption, contributing to lower coal production in 2018. On a tonnage basis Indonesia (30.9%) and Australia (26.9%) remained the world’s largest coal exporters in 2018, with Indonesian coal exports growing rapidly by 11.5% from the previous year and Australian exports increasing again after a decline in 2017. The rise in imports to the People’s Republic of China benefited Indonesia, allowing for the recovery of its

exports that had fallen in 2015. Indeed, exports to the People’s Republic of China represented 30.0% of the total Indonesian exports in 2018. Furthermore, the Russian Federation hit record exports exceeding 2017 levels by 10.6% while the United States coal exports grew by 19.3%. Additionally, the major increases in coking coal exports took place in the United States (+5.7 Mt), and in the Russian Federation, with the former exceeding 2017 levels by 3.7 Mt. Electricity generation from coal-fired power plants in OECD countries fell by 4.6% to 2 862.7 TWh continuing with the efforts for the decarbonisation of the power sector, while total gross electricity production increased by 1.2% to 11 109 TWh.

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After becoming the second largest consumer in 2015, India continued increasing its consumption in 2018 by 30.4 Mtce, a 5.5% increase compared to 2017 numbers. This growth was mainly driven by a higher coal demand for power generation. Conversely, for the fifth consecutive year, consumption in the United States decreased in 2018, reaching its lowest value since 1971, 453.4 Mtce. India and the United States experienced the largest increase and decrease of coal consumption respectively in 2018 (Figure 1).

x - COAL INFORMATION: OVERVIEW (2019 edition)

is wide variation. For example, the increase in the People’s Republic of China was more than the entire 2018 production of Kazakhstan, the world’s 9th largest coal exporter.

Production Total world coal production In 2014 world coal production declined for the first time this century. This decrease continued through 2015 and 2016. However, the trend was reversed in 2017. Coal production further increased in 2018 by 3.3%, an additional 250 Mt, driven by increases in steam and coking coal production. This increased level, however, was still 162Mt (2.1%) lower than the peak production in 2013. Table 1: Total world coal production1 (Mt) Steam coal Coking coal Lignite 2 Total coal Peat Oil Shale/sands

2016

2017

2018p

5458.0 1033.0 819.7 7310.7 9.9 17.5

5726.2 1013.0 823.7 7562.9 10.6 22.1

5976.8 1033.3 803.2 7813.3 3 .. 3 ..

1. Production includes recovered slurries and similar sources. 2. Total coal comprises steam coal, coking coal and lignite, so excludes peat, and oil shale and oil sands even though they are shown here for completeness. 3. Peat and oil shale and oil sands data are not currently compiled on a provisional basis for non-OECD countries.

The People’s Republic of China remained the world’s leading coal producer, as it has been since 1985, with 3 550.1 Mt of total coal produced, 152.9 Mt (4.5%) higher than in 2017. After a brief increase in 2017, production in the United States decreased to 685.4 Mt in 2018, 2.5% lower. Since 2008, production in the United States has fallen by more than one third. Table 2: Major coal producers (Mt) PR of China India United States Indonesia Australia Russian Federation South Africa Germany Poland Kazakhstan Other World

2017 3397.2 725.5 702.7 494.7 499.5 387.7 256.8 175.1 127.1 112.8 683.8 7562.9

2018p 3550.1 770.9 685.4 548.6 483.1 419.8 258.7 169.0 122.4 113.7 691.6 7813.3

1. Production includes recovered slurries and production from other sources. Data for Australia and India are provided on a fiscal basis.

The group of the ten countries currently producing more than 100 Mt/y has remained unchanged since 2008 when Kazakhstan exceeded this level. However, there INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

While the composition of the group of top ten producers remained unchanged, the performance of the OECD and non-OECD members differed markedly. While all of the OECD countries, namely the United States, Australia, Germany and Poland, posted decreases, all the non-OECD countries showed increases in coal production. By way of comparison, since 2000 coal production in the People’s Republic of China has increased by 162.0%, despite falling by 5.3% since 2013. In comparison, the OECD total coal production declined by 14.7% for the same period, with a 13.5% fall since 2013. The fall in 2016, 185.2Mt, was the largest annual decline. Figure 2: World total coal production (Mt) 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000

1

2016 3268.2 703.1 660.8 463.5 500.3 366.3 255.3 175.6 131.0 103.1 683.4 7310.7

The Russian Federation and Turkey occupied the 4th and 5th place of the largest increases in 2018 with an increase of 32.1 Mt, and 13.7 Mt respectively.

2 000 1 000 0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

OECD Rest of world

2018p

PR of China World total

Historically, OECD coal production as a percentage of global production has fallen from 56.6% in 1971 to 22.0% in 2018.

Steam coal production In 1978, the OECD accounted for 42.8% of the world steam coal production and this figure remained above 37.0% until 2000. However, since then its share has generally declined, as non-OECD countries increased

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Indonesia, one of the world's leading steam coal producers and exporters, increased production in 2018 by 53.1 Mt. India also saw a significant year-on-year increase in production of 45.4 Mt.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - xi

their steam coal production, predominantly led by the expansion of the Chinese coal industry since 2001 and a fall in OECD production. In 2018, the OECD’s share (15.3%) was roughly one third of its 1978 share, and its production decreased to 914.6 Mt, the lowest level since 1971. Figure 3: Steam coal production (Mt) 7 000

during 2017, attributable largely to logistical challenges posed by weather conditions. India showed signs of recovering coking coal production in 2018 (+13.2 Mt) after a sharp fall in 2017. Major increases occurred in the Russian Federation (+6.8 Mt) and the United States (+6.5 Mt), which were mostly the result of a growth in production intended for export. However, by far the most prominent story is production and consumption by the People’s Republic of China. Chinese production increased by 322.0% since 2000 to peak at 619.8 Mt in 2014 but subsequently dropped to 515.1 Mt in 2017, before recovering to 523.7 Mt in 2018. The People’s Republic of China increased its share of world production from 26.0% to 50.6% over the same period (2000-2018).

6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2018p Rest of World

PR of China

Figure 4: Shares in world steam coal production (%)

Worldwide, lignite production decreased in 2018 by 2.5% to 803.2 Mt. This is 33.7% lower than the peak of 1 210.9 Mt in 1989 and a historical low since the start of the series in 1978. 1

Table 3: Major lignite producers (Mt)

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 PR of China

OECD

2018p

Rest of World

Coking coal production 2015 witnessed the first annual decrease in world coking coal production since 2002. This trend continued until 2017 falling to 1 013.0 Mt but was reversed in 2018, with world coking coal production recovering to 1 033.3 Mt. Australia, the world’s second largest producer of coking coal after the People’s Republic of China, saw a significant decrease of 5.6% in 2018, with 179.4 Mt produced. This comes after peaking in 2015 at 191.1 Mt and producing at similar levels in 2017 (190.0 Mt). The decrease is related to stocks built up

Germany Turkey Russian Federation Poland United States Australia India Czech Republic Serbia Greece Other

2016 171.5 70.2 73.5 60.2 66.3 61.5 45.2 38.5 38.4 32.6 161.6

2017 171.3 71.5 74.9 61.2 63.6 56.7 46.3 39.3 39.8 37.7 161.5

2018p 166.3 85.2 81.4 58.6 51.7 46.0 45.3 39.5 37.6 36.1 155.5

World

819.7

823.7

803.2

1. Lignite does not include oil shale and oil sands. Data for Australia and India are provided on a fiscal basis.

OECD lignite production decreased by 3.8%, from 524.5 Mt in 2017 to 504.5 Mt. The decreases were led by the United States (-11.9 Mt), Australia (-10.8 Mt) and Germany (-5.0 Mt). On the other hand, Turkey increased its lignite production to 85.2 Mt outpacing the Russian Federation,

1. Production and consumption of lignite are reported as subbituminous coal in Indonesia, and under other bituminous coal (along with sub-bituminous coal) in the People’s Republic of China. Both reclassifications significantly affect lignite statistics, as Indonesia has extensive lignite resources and reserves and markets for coals of lower quality exist, while the People’s Republic of China is most likely the second largest producer and consumer of lignite globally.

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OECD Total

Lignite1 production

xii - COAL INFORMATION: OVERVIEW (2019 edition)

which itself posted a considerable increase of 6.5 Mt. Other European countries like Poland, Greece and Serbia decreased their production or showed modest increases (Czech Republic).

Peat production Productions (or harvests) can be highly variable and are weather dependent for both access to the peat bogs and for outdoor drying. Disruptions in 2012 for Ireland and Finland were prominent, with Ireland’s production of 1.5 Mt being the lowest since IEA records began in 1960, while peat production in Finland in 1998 dropped to 1.7 Mt from 10.4 Mt in 1997, before returning to 8.1 Mt in 1999.

Table 4: World coal trade (Mt) Steam coal exports Coking coal exports Lignite exports Steam coal imports Coking coal imports Lignite imports Total exports Total imports Balancing item

2016 969.5 313.2 10.0 1030.9 277.0 5.8 1292.7 1313.6 21.0

2017 1025.2 324.5 13.7 1070.1 299.2 5.6 1363.4 1374.8 11.4

2018p 1067.4 336.8 15.9 1118.9 299.7 5.4 1420.1 1424.0 3.9

Note: The balancing item is the difference between total coal imports and total coal exports. This is primarily due to the different coal classification methodologies used by the importing and exporting countries, which does not hold on a global basis. It also occurs because of coal in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, and reporting discrepancies by importing and exporting countries.

Figure 5: World peat production (Mt)

Figure 6: Steam and coking coal trade as a percentage of consumption

80 70

60%

60

50%

50

40%

40

30%

30

20%

20

10%

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

World

OECD

2018p

0% 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

Non-OECD

Despite interannual oscillations, world peat production has followed a relatively steady decline from 69.5 Mt in 1971 to 30.5 Mt in 1990, 14.9 Mt in 2000, and 10.6 Mt in 2017 as non-OECD production fell from 89.0% of global production in 1971 to 33.0% in 2017.

Trade

OECD imports Non-OECD imports World trade

2018p

OECD exports Non-OECD exports

Global trade has been growing faster than global consumption on a relatively consistent basis, as evidenced in the chart above which shows regional trade as a portion of consumption on an energy basis. However in 2015, world trade decreased slightly at 21.2% of consumption, but increased since to 23.6%, the highest level.

World coal trade

Exports

Export trade of all types of coal in the world increased by 4.2% in 2018, from a level of 1 363.4 Mt in 2017; steam coal exports increased by 42.2 Mt (4.1%) and coking coal exports increased by 12.2 Mt (3.8%). The 2018 level is 33.2% above 2010 level, and total exports have more than doubled (131.0%) since 2000.

Indonesia and Australia remained the world’s largest coal exporters in 2018, with 30.9% and 26.9% of exports on a tonnage basis. After reclaiming the top exporter’s spot in 2017, Indonesia further increased the gap in 2018, exporting 57 Mt more than Australia. Australian coal exports increased moderately by 0.8%.

Overall, global trade for steam and coking coal reached 1 228.7 Mtce in 2018, 23.6% of coal consumption on an energy basis.

The Russian Federation hit record exports in 2018, exceeding 2017 levels by 10.6%. Despite its increase in domestic consumption, the Russian Federation, the

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - xiii

third largest exporter, contributed with 209.9 Mt, representing a share of 14.8%.

imports increasing by 3.9% in 2017, to 295.4 Mt, and India with a 14.7% rise in imports to reach 240.2 Mt.

The combination of the ten largest exporting countries shipped 97.8% of global coal exports during 2018.

Traditionally an exporter, Viet Nam turned into an importer in 2005. Imports by Viet Nam have been growing since then to reach 22.4 Mt in 2018. This is 7.9 Mt up compared to 2017. Another country that experienced an increase in 2018 was Poland (+51%). In contrast to these increases, the most notably decline in 2018 occurred in Germany (-6.1 Mt).

Figure 7: Total coal exports by major exporters (Mt) 500 400

Figure 8: Total coal imports by major importers (Mt)

300

350 200

300 250

100

200

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

Australia Indonesia South Africa

2018p

Colombia Russian Federation United States

150 100 50 0

After the decline in 2016 of United States exports, by 52.5% compared to 2012 levels, the United States exported 104.9 Mt of coal in 2018, a 19.3% increase from the 2017 level.

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

PR of China India Korea

Germany Japan Chinese Taipei

Table 6: Major coal importers (Mt)

Table 5: Major coal exporters (Mt) 2017

2018p

Indonesia Australia Russian Federation United States Colombia South Africa Mongolia Canada Kazakhstan Mozambique Other

372.9 389.3 171.1 54.7 83.3 69.9 24.1 30.3 26.0 9.2 61.7

393.8 378.9 189.7 88.0 102.7 71.1 29.0 31.1 29.2 11.8 38.2

439.0 381.9 209.9 104.9 81.9 69.3 34.0 29.9 25.8 11.6 31.5

OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

85.9 390.5 16.1

119.9 380.1 12.0

135.2 383.2 9.3

OECD Total

492.5

512.0

527.8

Africa + Mid. East Other Asia Oceania Oth. Europe + Eurasia Other Americas

79.6 438.1 198.4 84.1

83.2 443.8 220.7 103.6

81.8 489.7 237.8 83.0

Non-OECD Total

800.1

851.4

892.3

1292.7

1363.4

1420.1

Data for Australia, India and Japan are provided on a fiscal basis.

Imports Total world coal imports were 1 424.0 Mt in 2018, a 3.6% increase from 2017 numbers. The main contributors to this rise were the People’s Republic of China with

2016

2017

2018p

PR of China India Japan Korea Chinese Taipei Germany Turkey Malaysia Russian Federation Thailand Other

282.0 192.1 185.9 134.5 65.6 57.8 36.2 27.2 24.0 22.6 277.4

284.3 209.4 187.0 138.9 67.6 50.5 38.3 30.4 29.0 23.5 247.6

295.4 240.2 185.1 142.0 66.5 44.4 38.3 33.0 28.2 24.9 209.3

OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

35.1 329.6 205.8

36.5 334.9 211.7

32.7 335.5 203.4

OECD Total

570.6

583.1

571.6

Africa + Mid. East Other Asia Oceania Oth. Europe + Eurasia Other Americas

15.5 655.2 47.3 25.1

16.3 692.8 56.5 26.1

16.8 749.3 59.2 27.0

Non-OECD Total World

743.1

791.7

852.4

1313.6

1374.8

1424.0

Data for India and Japan are provided on a fiscal basis.

Looking at Asia Oceania (including China), their total imports increased to 1 084.8 Mt (76.2% of all imports) from 1 027.7 Mt, or 74.7% in 2017, with the top five individual importers being from this area, as has been the case since 2009. Although China is INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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2016

World

2018p

xiv - COAL INFORMATION: OVERVIEW (2019 edition)

responsible for the most significant proportion, Japan, Chinese Taipei and Korea imported significant quantities of steam coal for electricity generation and coking coal for steel production in 2018.

coal. Exports from Mongolia continued increasing in 2018 by 4.7%, to 25.7 Mt from 24.5 Mt in the previous year. The Russian Federation increased its exports by 16.1% reaching a volume of 26.4 Mt.

The next five largest importing countries were from Europe or Eurasia. However their combined 2018 imports of 168.9 Mt, was less than the Japan coal imports alone. An important change was the departure of the Netherlands from the major coal importers following historical revisions of trade to remove transit quantities. As a result total coal imports to the Netherlands amounted to 14.9 Mt in 2017 versus the 40.3 Mt that had been reported in the previous reporting cycle for the same year.

The combined total of the five largest exporters thus accounted for 93.9% of the global coking coal exports in 2018 up from 93.5% in 2017.

In 2018, steam coal imports in the Asia-Oceania market increased by 58.5 Mt to 872.1Mt, 252.2 Mt of which was to OECD countries. Asia-Oceania imports represented 77.9% of total world steam coal trade in 2018, up from 75.8% in the previous year. The People’s Republic of China’s steam coal imports increased by 7.6% to 230.7 Mt in 2018, the largest steam coal importer followed by India, which increased by 19.5% to 188.4 Mt. Other major importers in the region were Japan (138.3 Mt – down 0.9%), Korea (105.5 Mt – up 2.4%) and Chinese Taipei (59.5 Mt – down 2.5%). Steam coal imports in the Europe/Eurasian market decreased to 191.3 Mt in 2018. This market now represents 17.1% of total world steam coal trade, compared to 38.4% in 2000 and 64.9% in 1991, which included new international trade between members of the Former Soviet Union. Within the region, the major Europe/Eurasian importers were Germany (32 Mt, down 5.6Mt) the major drop in 2018, Turkey (31.5 Mt) with a decrease of 4.5% after a sustained rise since 2013 and the Russian Federation (25.3 Mt – down 1.6%).

Coking coal trade Total world coking coal exports increased by 3.8% to 336.8 Mt in 2018. Australia remained by far the largest exporter of coking coal at 179.2 Mt, accounting for 53.2% of coking coal exports, down from 54.6% in 2017. The United States remained the second largest coking coal exporter with a volume of 55.8 Mt, up by 11.3% from 50.1 Mt in 2017; while third-ranked Canada remained relatively flat exporting 28.9 Mt of coking INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Australia United States Canada Russian Federation Mongolia Other

2016 188.0 37.1 28.0 21.7 20.4 17.9

2017 177.2 50.1 28.9 22.8 24.5 21.0

2018p 179.2 55.8 28.9 26.4 25.7 20.8

World

313.2

324.5

336.8

Data for Australia are provided on a fiscal basis.

Consumption Total coal consumption2 In 2018, total global coal consumption in energy terms increased by 1.2% or 66.0 Mtce, as OECD consumption decreased by 39.6 Mtce (-3.2%) and non-OECD countries increased consumption by 105.5 Mtce (2.5%). The new OECD coal consumption level of 1 208.8 Mtce was the lowest level since 1976 and was 27.4% lower than the maximum coal consumption by OECD countries of 1 664.8 Mtce in 2007. Consumption in the People’s Republic of China rose by 1.0% in 2018, or 28.4 Mtce to 2 813.7 Mtce, continuing the trend from the previous year after consecutive drops in the 2013-2016 span. As the second largest consumer and after having overtaken the United States in 2015, India continued increasing its consumption in 2018. The growth was mainly driven by the higher use of steam coal but coking coal consumption also increased, with a combined total of nearly 5.5%, or 30.4 Mtce. Conversely, for the fifth consecutive year, consumption in the United States decreased in 2018, reaching its minimum value, 453.4 Mtce, since 1978.

2. Total coal refers to the sum of anthracite, other bituminous coal, coking coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite, converted to a common energy unit, million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). Consumption data for the provisional year (2018p) for non-OECD countries, unless supplied, are estimated from production and trade data obtained from partner countries and other secondary sources. Stock changes are usually not accounted for.

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Steam coal trade

Table 7: Major coking coal exporters (Mt)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - xv

Figure 9: World coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 11: India vs. US coal consumption (Mt)

6 000

1 200

5 000

1 000

4 000

800

3 000

600

2 000

400

1 000

200

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

Other non-OECD OECD Europe OECD Americas

2018p

China (Incl. Hong Kong) OECD Asia Oceania World total

Figure 10: Shares in world coal consumption (%) 70%

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

US production Indian production

2018p

US consumption Indian consumption

Steam coal consumption World steam coal consumption was up 1.6% in 2018, increasing by 95.9 Mt. Steam coal consumption in the OECD decreased by 33.6 Mt to 1 112 Mt, including the decrease of 16.1 Mt in the United States and 5.4 Mt in Spain.

60% 50% 40% 30%

1

Table 8: Major steam coal consumers (Mt)

20%

0% 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

China

OECD

2018p

Rest of world

India and the United States experienced the major increase and decrease of coal consumption respectively in 2018. Looking at the OECD, the United States, Germany, Spain, Canada and The United Kingdom together witnessed the biggest absolute decreases with a combined decline of 35.8 Mtce. Consumption changes in these countries more than compensated for the growth of coal consumption in Turkey and Korea which reached their historical highs since 1971, 120.3 Mtce (+2.2%) and 61.2 Mtce (+8.0%) respectively. The OECD total consumption decreased by 3.2% with the other 29 countries in the OECD, together decreasing consumption by 10.9 Mtce. Domestic coal consumption in Indonesia increased by 9.6% in 2018 to reach 75.8 Mtce. The country has kept a constant growth pace during the last seven years, resulting in almost doubling of its coal consumption since 2011 (+97.1%).

PR of China India United States South Africa Japan Indonesia Korea Russian Federation Kazakhstan Poland Viet Nam Chinese Taipei Other

2016 3067.9 740.2 576.1 182.7 138.9 90.6 99.2 85.4 61.2 61.5 51.3 58.8 492.8

2017 3125.4 799.5 561.5 183.0 140.9 100.9 104.5 84.5 66.8 60.7 51.1 60.0 500.9

2018p 3157.8 842.3 545.4 186.1 139.3 107.6 106.9 93.4 74.6 62.6 61.4 60.7 497.5

World

5706.6

5839.7

5935.6

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and subbituminous for all countries. Data for Australia, India and Japan are provided on a fiscal basis.

Coking coal consumption Global coking coal consumption increased by 10.7 Mt or 1.1% in 2018 to 992.1 Mt, an increase of 530.7 Mt or 115.1% since 2001. Consumption within the People’s Republic of China accounts for 59.2% of global coking coal consumption. Coking coal consumption in the OECD decreased by 1.2% to 174.7 Mt in 2018, remaining 11.3% below the pre-economic crisis level in 2008. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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xvi - COAL INFORMATION: OVERVIEW (2019 edition)

Figure 12: World coking coal consumption (Mt) 1 200

Lignite consumption in OECD countries fell to its lowest level since 1978 after a new decrease of 3.8% from 2017 to 506.1 Mt.

1 000

Figure 13: World lignite consumption (Mt) 1 400

800

1 200

600

1 000 400

800

200

600 400

0 1978 1982

1987

Japan

1992

1997

OECD

2002

2007

2012

PR of China

2018p

World

200 0 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2018p Non-OECD OECD Asia Oceania Germany

Lignite3 consumption 2018 global lignite consumption was 793.5 Mt, decreasing by 23.4 Mt or 2.9% from 2017. Germany remained the largest producer and consumer of lignite in 2018, using 166.3 Mt, ahead of Turkey (84.9Mt) , which became the second largest consumer of lignite in 2017, and the Russian Federation (73.8 Mt). United States consumption decreased by 18.7% to become the fifth largest consumer. Australia saw a lignite consumption fall of 10.8 Mt revealing the full effect of the closure of the coal fired Hazelwood power plant in early 2017. Table 9: Major lignite consumers (Mt) 2016

2017

2018p

Germany Turkey Russian Federation Poland United States Australia India Czech Republic Serbia Greece Germany

171.0 68.0 69.4 60.4 67.2 61.5 43.1 38.2 39.0 34.2 158.7

171.2 71.7 70.2 61.2 64.4 56.7 45.9 38.7 40.2 38.1 158.8

166.3 84.9 73.8 58.5 52.4 46.0 45.3 39.0 38.0 36.3 153.4

World

810.8

816.9

793.5

Data for Australia and India are provided on a fiscal basis.

OECD Europe OECD Americas

Note: Areas are cumulative. Lines are individual.

Uses of coal Coal continues to be primarily used for the generation of electricity and commercial heat, with 66.5% of primary coal being used for this purpose globally in 2017, and 82.3% in OECD countries. In OECD countries in 2018, the share of electricity and heat produced from primary coal as a fuel fell to a new low of 25.2%, down from 26.7% in 2017 and 44.4% in 1985. Figure 14: Percentage of primary coal used for electricity and commercial heat production 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 0%

3. Production and consumption of lignite are reported as subbituminous coal in Indonesia, and under other bituminous coal (along with sub-bituminous coal) in the People’s Republic of China. Both reclassifications significantly affect lignite statistics, as Indonesia has extensive lignite resources and reserves and markets for coals of lower quality exist, while the People’s Republic of China is most likely the second largest producer and consumer of lignite globally.

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1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

OECD Non-OECD

2017

World PR of China

Coal comprises steam coal, coking coal and lignite. Power and commercial heat produced from derived products is not shown here, and instead counts as consumption in transformation to manufacture the secondary fuel.

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10%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - xvii

Looking at the three OECD regions, we see differing pathways, with OECD Europe declining to 21.0% in 2018 from 49.1% in 1971, while OECD Americas dropped from 41.0% in 1971 to 24.4% in 2018. Meanwhile in OECD Asia Oceania, generation from coal has risen from 18.0% in 1971 to 38.0% in 2018. To date, despite the wide variety of factors influencing positive and negative growth in this regard, the global share of heat and power generated from coal has remained around 40% over the last 40 years as generation outputs have grown from 22.3 Exajoules (EJ) in 1971 to 106.6 EJ in 2017. Figure 15: Primary coal’s OECD and Non-OECD breakdown by broad activity (Mt)

Figure 16: Share of electricity and heat produced from primary coal in 2017 (%) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

OECD Americas

OECD Asia Oceania

OECD Europe

PR of China

OECD

NonOECD

Each vertical line illustrates the historical highest-lowest value (topbottom). The round point corresponds to 2016 level.

8 000 7 000

Assuming that there were no changes in efficiency in 2018 relative to the previous year, coal inputs in OECD countries for electricity and heat generation fell to 994.1 Mtce – a potential decrease of 45.2 Mtce (4.6 %).

6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 000 2017

Non-OECD Electricity/heat

Iron and steel

1978

2017 OECD

Other

Residential

Residential also contains data for the Commercial and public services sector. Iron and steel includes coke oven coke manufacture and PCI/GCI. In addition to other conventional consumption, Other includes nonspecified industry, which may contain iron and steel consumption, and also non-energy uses.

In the non-OECD countries, electricity production from all coal sources contributed 47.0% of total gross electricity production in 2017, with steam coal as the leading fuel of electricity. Gross electricity production in 2018 in the OECD (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) reached 11 109.4 TWh, an increase of 1.15% compared to 2017, while the electricity generated from coal-fired plants in OECD countries fell by 4.65% to 2 862.7 TWh due to the efforts for the decarbonisation of the power sector. Heat produced in combined heat and power (CHP) or heat only plants remained almost flat at 3 232 PJ during this period, up 0.3% from 2017, while the share of heat produced from coal-fired plants in OECD countries declined to 671.4 PJ from 695.6 PJ in 2017.

Pulverised coal injection (PCI) The latest available data for 2017 shows that total PCI consumption increased by 3.8% or 2.0 Mt. This was driven by the increase in several countries, amongst them Turkey and France, with increases of 0.7 Mt and 0.5 Mt, respectively. Japan contributed with an increase of 0.3 Mt, and also India and the Netherlands with 0.2 Mt each. After a decrease of 1.3 Mt in 2016 compared to 2015, Korea recovered partially with an increase of 0.3 Mt. The main decreases seen have been for Italy and Chinese Taipei, with -0.4 Mt and -0.3 Mt, respectively. The top five reported PCI consumers (Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation, Germany, and India) accounted for 69.8% of all PCI consumption, down from 70.4% in 2016. Moreover, many countries are starting to use PCI techniques for the first time, as is the case of Finland since autumn of 2015. Other emerging economies are injecting metallurgical quality coal, but are not yet providing statistics in this area. For example, estimates for INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1978

Coal is also essential for the iron and steel industry and its use has increased substantially during the last 40 years, driven primarily by increased production in China. The share of non-OECD countries is 82.6% of the total global iron and steel consumption, or 988 Mt.

xviii - COAL INFORMATION: OVERVIEW (2019 edition)

Table 10: PCI used in blast furnaces (major consumers in thousand tonnes) 2015

2016

2017

Japan Korea Russian Federation Germany India France Chinese Taipei Netherlands Belgium Turkey United States United Kingdom Spain Austria Slovak Republic Italy Sweden Poland Finland Czech Republic Norway Serbia Australia

14 005 9 592 5 080 4 881 3 390 2 421 2 161 1 496 1 253 690 870 1 544 879 750 608 672 313 270 53 300 74 56 60

14 043 8 266 6 264 4 841 3 461 2 359 2 066 1 459 1 495 660 1 462 1 364 819 806 586 855 441 283 304 319 55 74 73

14 376 8 539 6 376 4 933 3 696 2 873 1 815 1 641 1 495 1 394 1 376 1 301 909 838 668 483 406 366 333 278 101 82 73

World

51 419

52355

54 351

Data for Australia, India and Japan are provided on a fiscal basis. Data for OECD countries are shown here as submitted, and this may differ from consumption data available elsewhere where portions may have been moved from blast furnace transformation to consumption in the iron and steel industry as part of the IEA blast furnace model. See Table 4.4 in Part VI for other countries and historical data. Includes granular coal injection for some countries. Data for PR China are not available.

Coal resources and reserves Coal reserve estimates In its 2018 study4, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) estimates that proven economically recoverable global coal reserves were 1 054.8 billion tonnes, an increase of 22.7 billion tonnes (+2.2%) from its 2017 study.

4. Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hanover, Germany, 2018.

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These proven reserves represent 139.3 years of production at current levels, down from 141.8 years in 2017 as reserves increased by 2.2% and production increased by 3.5%. Of this total, current world hard coal total resources are estimated to be 17.7 trillion tonnes, or over 24 times current proven reserves, while lignite resources amount to another 4.4 trillion tonnes. Taking the example of the People’s Republic of China, proven reserves are deemed to currently constitute just 2.5% of their total hard coal resources (5.3 Tt). In cases where expansion of proven reserves has occurred in the past, it has done so outside of a commodities boom cycle. As such, it would appear that prices have not been responsible for the reclassification between resources and reserves. Indeed tens of billions of tonnes of proven reserves are being identified in greenfield sites annually, despite currently depressed prices. A not inconsiderable percentage of resources are not reclassified as proven reverses because no one has invested the funds to prove them, or they were pending upon third party infrastructure investment. In any event, the low level of prices is proving problematic for many current producer. Table 11: Changes in production at current levels over time. World and China (Gt) Coal Information Edition 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Proven reserves

Production

Years

World China

World China

World China

984.5 907.3 909.1 989.5 934.9 1 019.3 989.9 997.2 1 000.5 1 003.8 1 037.6 1 052.1 968.2 984.6 1 029.0 1 032.1 1 054.8

114.5 114.5 114.5 114.5 133.2 192.0 192.0 191.6 191.6 191.6 191.6 191.6 128.0 131.6 133.7 135.9 138.8

4.86 4.91 5.27 5.66 6.02 6.37 6.64 6.84 6.97 7.35 7.80 7.92 7.97 7.93 7.73 7.28 7.57

1.45 1.54 1.82 2.09 2.32 2.52 2.72 2.84 3.04 3.32 3.61 3.68 3.75 3.64 3.56 3.24 3.38

202.6 184.8 172.5 174.8 155.3 160.0 149.1 145.8 143.5 136.6 133.0 132.8 121.5 124.2 133.1 141.8 139.3

79.0 74.4 62.9 54.8 57.4 76.2 70.6 67.5 63.0 57.7 53.1 52.1 34.1 36.2 37.6 41.9 41.1

Reserves data from 2003 to 2005 are from the World Energy Council, while other data are provided by BGR. Reserve data are as submitted in initial publications. Production data are inclusive of current country revisions. The data given for each Coal Information Edition in this table refers to the previous year, e.g. 2019 edition referring to 2018 coal data.

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the magnitude of PCI use in the People’s Republic of China could well outweigh reported consumption for all the countries included in table above.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - xix

Although coal resources are widely distributed around the world5, proven coal reserves tend to be concentrated in the countries which rely on coal for domestic energy or export revenue. The People’s Republic of China accounts for 17.8% of proven hard coal reserves while India accounts for a 13.1%; both increased its share from last year. OECD countries controlled 43.9% of the proven hard

coal reserves in 2017, 322.4 billion tonnes, of which 220.2 are located in the United Stated, being this the country with the largest reserves in the world (30.0%). When it comes to lignite, more than half of the world proven reserves are located in the Russian Federation (28.4%, 90.7 Mt) and Australia (23.9%, 76.5 Mt). These together with Germany and the United States represent almost three quarters of the world lignite reserves. The other quarter is distributed in many countries mainly in East Europe, South and East Asia.

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Geographic location of proven coal reserves

5. The range of definitions of coal resources and reserves and an overview of the national classification systems is provided in an Appendix to Major Coalfields of the World, IEA Coal Research, London, June 2000.

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.1

PART I

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EXPLANATORY NOTES

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.3

1. DEFINITIONS OF PRODUCTS AND FLOWS

Each commodity balance is divided into three main blocks of “flows”: from top to bottom, the first showing supply, the second showing the transformation processes and energy industries, and the third showing final consumption, broken down into the various end-use sectors. The definitions of products and flows presented in this chapter are based on those of the Joint IEA/Eurostat/ UNECE annual energy questionnaires1, and on the United Nations International Recommendations on Energy Statistics.2

Products Coal Coal is a family name for a variety of solid organic fuels and refers to a whole range of combustible sedimentary rock materials spanning a continuous quality scale. For convenience, this continuous series is often divided into two main categories, which are themselves divided into two subcategories:  Hard coal - Anthracite

1. www.iea.org/statistics/resources/questionnaires/annual/. 2. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/ires/IRES_Whitecover.pdf.

 Bituminous coal - Coking coal - Other bituminous coal  Brown coal - Sub-bituminous coal - Lignite In cases where data are presented in Mtoe or Mtce in this book and sourced to OECD/IEA World Energy Balances, the term “Coal” includes all primary coal types listed above, and coal products (patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas, and other recovered gases). For simplicity in some cases, coal, peat for energy use, peat products and oil shale and oil sands are shown together as coal. Classifying different types of coal into practical categories for use at an international level is difficult for two reasons: Divisions between coal categories vary between classification systems, both national and international, based on calorific value, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, caking and coking properties, or some combination of two or more of these criteria. Although the relative value of the coals within a particular category depends on the degree of dilution by moisture and ash and contamination by sulphur, chlorine, phosphorous and certain trace elements, these factors do not affect the divisions between categories. Coal quality can vary and it is not always possible to ensure that the available descriptive and analytical information is truly representative of the body of coal to which it refers. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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The energy statistics tables provide a set of commodity balances for all sources of energy (“products”): primary coal and coal products, peat, natural gas primary oil and oil products, solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, waste, as well as electricity and heat, which are derived from various sources.

I.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

The IEA has adopted the basis of these definitions of hard coal and brown coal in this book and in other publications for presenting statistics relating to coal production, trade and consumption throughout the history of these publications. Over 20 international organisations including the International Energy Agency, Eurostat and the United Nations Statistics Division have been collaborating since 2005 under the umbrella of the Intersecretariat Working Group on Energy Statistics (InterEnerStat) to harmonise a collective energy vocabulary between organisations and anticipate future needs. This work was also to feed into the UN’s International Recommendations for Energy Statistics: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/ires/default.htm. The harmonised suite of product and energy flow definitions are available at: www.iea.org/interenerstat_v2/meetings.asp. It should be stressed that this classification system is based on the inherent qualities of the coal in question and not on the final use of the coal. In this way the classification system attempts to be objective and simple to apply, which should also minimise the differences between reported data from consumer and producer nations or producers and consumers on a national basis. Some countries however may still choose to report consumption by classification based on or guided by usage, so data presented in this book may differ from those presented in the national publications of individual countries because the countries may have adopted a different coal classification and reporting system that better suits their particular national needs. As far as possible, national coal statistics reported by the IEA in this book and in other publications have been adjusted to be consistent with the IEA definitions noted above, however this may not always be the case. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

In order to improve the information base for coal market analysis and projections, these two main categories of coal have been further sub-divided in IEA/OECD Coal Statistics from 1978 as follows:

Hard coal Hard coal is calculated as the sum of anthracite and all bituminous coals.  Anthracite is a high-rank, hard coal used mainly for industrial and residential heat raising.  Bituminous coal is a medium- to high-rank coal used for gasification, industrial coking and heat raising and residential heat raising: -

Bituminous coal that can be used in the production of a porous coke capable of supporting a blast furnace charge is known as coking coal.

-

Other bituminous coal, not included under coking coal, may also be commonly known as thermal coal; however this less formal grouping increasingly tends to include a range of brown coals. Also included in other bituminous coal statistics are recovered slurries, middlings and other low-grade, higher-rank coal products not further classified by type.

Due to the differing nature of the criteria for these coal types, in some cases it is possible to fulfil some, but not all criteria. In this case a judgement call needs to be made. As a general rule, para-bituminous and ortho-bituminous coals tend to be classed as other bituminous coal despite failing to meet one of the calorific or vitrinite mean random reflectance criteria requisite for hard coal classification. Primary coal used in pulverised (or granular) coal injection in blast furnaces is commonly abbreviated to PCI (or GCI) coal. In this book PCI includes GCI. The IEA does not have a separate product classification for PCI as the term defines a particular end-use for coal. In IEA statistics, PCI is generally included in steam coal, with the exception of Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Turkey (for some years) and the United Kingdom, where it is included with coking coal. This also means that production and trade of PCI suitable coal are not available in this book. Note: In editions prior to Coal Information 2014, for the following countries, hard coal data also contained subbituminous coal: Australia, Belgium, Chile, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand,

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The International Coal Classification of the Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) recognises two broad categories of coal: i) Hard coal: Coal of gross calorific value not less than 5 732 kcal/kg (24 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at least 0.6 percent. ii) Brown coal: Non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 5 732 kcal/kg (24 GJ/t) and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of less than 0.6 percent.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.5

Brown coal Brown coal is calculated as the sum of subbituminous coal and lignite. Until Coal Information 2013, oil shale mined and combusted directly was reported as lignite, while shale oil was reported as other hydrocarbons in Oil Information. Since the 2014 edition, oil shale and oil sands have their own category, while shale oil continues to be reported as other hydrocarbons in Oil Information. Definitions for sub-bituminous coal and lignite are as follows:  Sub-bituminous coal: non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value between 4 777 kcal/kg (20 GJ/t) and 5 732 kcal/kg (24 GJ/t) on an ashfree but moist basis.  Lignite: non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 4 777 kcal/kg (20 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis. Note: In the 2014 edition, the calorific floor for subbituminous coal (on an adjusted basis) was raised from 4 165 kcal/kg to 4 777 kcal/kg. Very little product reclassification from sub-bituminous coal to lignite occurred as a result of this change in requirements.

Steam Coal In addition to the other coal aggregates, we also provide data for steam coal. While coking coal tends to have more specific applications, a more general use of coal is combustion to provide heat, often with the specific use of raising steam in a boiler. Steam coal in this publication contains all anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal, but not lignite or coking coal. Prior to the 2012 publication, all hard coals that were not coking coal (including the sub-bituminous coal from the excepted countries listed above) were classed as steam coal. This also included by necessity countries (not listed) where sub-bituminous coal was unable to be separated from other bituminous coal data for reporting purposes. For the Coal Information 2012 publication onwards, the definition of steam coal was adjusted to include all sub-bituminous coals. This move was done to achieve

greater congruence with practical, formal and informal definitions of steam (thermal) coal in the market and coal industry at large. The definitions of hard coal and brown coal as aggregates in terms of their component parts remain unchanged and consistent with the UNECE guidelines above and InterEnerStat definitions. This means hard coal can no longer be calculated by adding steam coal data to coking coal data.

Coal products The primary coal types mentioned above may be directly consumed or transformed into another fuel or energy source. Derived solid fuels and liquids are products resulting from the transformation from hard coal, brown coal or other primary solid fuels, sometimes with the addition of other materials.

Coke oven coke Coke oven coke is the solid product obtained from the carbonisation of coal, principally coking coal, at high temperature. It is low in moisture content and volatile matter. Coke oven coke is used mainly in the iron and steel industry, acting as an energy source and a chemical agent. Also included are semi-coke (a solid product obtained from the carbonisation of coal at a low temperature), lignite coke (a semi-coke made from lignite), coke breeze and foundry coke. The heading other energy industry own use includes the consumption at the coking plants themselves. Consumption in the iron and steel industry does not include coke converted into blast furnace gas. To obtain the total consumption of coke oven coke in the iron and steel industry, the quantities converted into blast furnace gas have to be added (these are included in blast furnaces).

Gas coke Gas coke is a solid by-product of coal used for the production of town gas in gas works. Gas coke is used for heating purposes.

Patent fuel Patent fuel is a composition fuel manufactured from coal fines by shaping with the addition of a binding agent such as pitch. The amount of patent fuel produced may, therefore, be slightly higher than the actual amount of coal consumed in the transformation process. Consumption of patent fuels during the patent fuel manufacturing process is included under other energy industry own use. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Portugal and the United States. Prior to 1978, where only hard coal and brown coal are available as classification breakdowns, hard coal data for these countries may still contain sub-bituminous coal data.

I.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Coal seam gas is reported on the natural gas questionnaire as colliery gas, as most likely will be the case for underground coal gasification (UGC).

BKB is a composition fuel manufactured from lignite or sub-bituminous coal, produced by briquetting under high pressure with or without the addition of a binding agent. These figures include peat briquettes, dried lignite fines and dust. The heading other energy industry own use includes consumption by briquetting plants.

Note: In terms of aggregated data for fossil-fuel families, starting with the 2011 edition, gas works gas is included as a coal product for the years 1990 and beyond. Before 1990, gas works gas is included with natural gas.

Coal tar

Blast furnace gas

Coal tar is a result of the destructive distillation of bituminous or of the low-temperature carbonisation of brown coal. Coal tar from bituminous coal is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal to make coke in the coke oven process. Coal tar can be further distilled into different organic products (e.g. benzene, toluene, naphthalene), which normally would be reported as a feedstock to the petrochemical industry.

Blast furnace gas is obtained as a by-product from operating blast furnaces. It is recovered upon leaving the furnace and used partly within the plant and partly in other steel industry processes; or used in power stations equipped to burn it. It is mainly nitrogen (N2), with roughly equal amounts of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and will contain other trace gases. Off gases from direct reduced iron and other similar processes may also be reported here.

Quite a few countries are currently unable to report coal tar data. For these countries, coke oven transformation losses will likely appear larger than they actually are, while consumption data will obviously be missing from the relevant end-use sector.

Manufactured Gases Manufactured gases created outside of refineries, sourced primarily from solid hydrocarbons are reported on the coal questionnaire. They include purpose built products like gas works gas, whose manufacture is the main purpose of the transformation process, and products like coke oven gas and blast furnace gas which are useful energy by-products of another process.

Coke oven gas Coke oven gas is obtained as a by-product of solid fuel carbonisation and gasification operations carried out by coke producers and iron and steel plants. It is calorifically rich, and when cleaned is predominantly H2.

Gas works gas Gas works gas covers all types of gas produced in public utility or private plants, whose main purpose is the manufacture, transport and distribution of gas, regardless of process. It includes gas produced by carbonisation (potentially including gas produced by coke ovens and transferred to gas works), by total gasification (with or without enrichment from oil products) and by reforming and simple mixing of gases, which may include air. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Other recovered gases Other recovered gases were previously known as oxygen steel furnace gas, which is most commonly obtained as a by-product of the production of steel in an oxygen-fired furnace; and is recovered upon leaving the furnace. This gas can also be known as converter gas, LD gas or BOS gas. Other off-gases of similar nature (generally free of N2) are also reported in this category, hence the change of name to be intrinsically more inclusive of other processes, metallurgy and industries.

Peat A solid formed from the partial decomposition of dead vegetation under conditions of high humidity and limited air access (initial stage of coalification). It is available in two main forms for use as a fuel - sod peat and milled peat. Peat is not considered a renewable resource as its regeneration period is considerable. Peat has a considerable amount of non-energy purposes. Non-energy consumption and production of peat which is consumed in non-energy use are not included in IEA peat statistics.

Peat products Sod peat can be pressed into briquettes. Milled peat can also be made into briquettes or pellets for fuel use. Briquettes are significantly denser and contain much less water, so have a higher calorific value than peat. They can be used on residential or industrial scale.

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Brown coal briquettes (BKB)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.7

Oil shale and oil sands

Electricity

Oil shale should not be confused with shale oil. Shale oil (often obtained by in situ thermally enhanced mining practices) is reported as an oil product.

Gross electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station; it therefore includes the energy taken by station auxiliaries and losses in transformers that are considered integral parts of the station.

Regarding the data as marshalled by the EDC, while supply and demand data for oil shale and oil sands exist in the Coal Information publication, data for shale oil (as part of Other hydrocarbons) exist in the Oil Information publication. Whether this is the result of in-situ extraction technologies (Oil Information only); transformation of oil shale via liquefaction technologies (inputs exist in Coal Information, outputs in Oil Information, combined with other data); or deeming that primary supply begins with the saleable product and that therefore, above-ground retorts are part of the extraction process rather than a transformation process, thereby treating the second case as the first. Shale gas, like colliery gas, is not reported on the Solid Fossil-fuels and Manufactured Gases questionnaire or included in this publication, but is included in the Natural Gas Information publication. Historical production and consumption of oil shale and oil sands occurred to varying degrees in a wider range of countries than are currently reporting data.

Electricity and heat Data for electricity are expressed in gigawatt hours and heat are expressed in terajoules. Data for electricity and heat includes disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of ‘combined heat and power’ and on ‘district heating’. Data on heat became available in different years for different countries and thus aggregated country data should be used with caution. Total electricity production includes production from both main activity producers (formerly known as public) and autoproducers. Generally, the split of total electricity production between main activity producers and autoproducers is available only after 1973.

The difference between gross and net production is generally estimated as 7% for conventional thermal stations, 1% for hydro stations, and 6% for nuclear, geothermal and solar stations. Production in hydro stations includes production from pumped storage plants.

Heat Heat production includes all heat produced by main activity producer CHP and heat plants, as well as heat sold by autoproducer CHP and heat plants to third parties. Fuels used to produce quantities of heat for sale are included in transformation processes under the rows CHP plants and heat plants. The use of fuels for heat which is not sold is included under the sectors in which the fuel use occurs.

Flows: energy balance Coal balances are presented in detail in Parts III and IV. In Part III, Table 1 presents uses in the rows and selected years in the columns. Data are presented in millions of tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). One tonne of coal equivalent is 7 million kilocalories. Each table is divided into three main parts: the first shows supply elements such as trade and production, the second shows the transformation processes and energy industries, while the third shows final consumption broken down into various end-use sectors. Both primary fuels such as coal and peat, and derived fuels such as coke oven coke and blast furnace gas are included in the calculations. However, derived products manifest themselves as positive outputs in the relevant transformation process used to create them. Generally they should be less than the inputs, which result in a net negative entry in the transformation flow. Given that this balance is restricted to coal and associated products, inputs from other fuel types (such as pitch for patent fuels, or oil, gas and renewable inputs to blast furnaces) are not shown, nor is electricity generated, which differs from a full energy balance. The energy balance flows detailed below have the following functions, and may also appear in other tables: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Oil shale is a sedimentary rock which contains organic matter in the form of kerogen – a waxy hydrocarbon-rich material regarded as a precursor of petroleum. In solid form, it contains more inert matter than coal, while the sand in oil sands may often be in the form of sandstone. Oil shale may be burned directly, or retorted to extract shale oil, the process of which is reported as coal liquefaction transformation.

I.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

The first block of the energy commodity balances shows the following elements of supply: Production + Imports - Exports ± Stock changes = Total primary energy supply (TPES) Note, exports and stock changes incorporate the algebraic sign directly in the number.

Production Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. hard coal, brown coal, peat, shale oil, etc. Production is calculated after the removal of impurities on the bases which it is provided for sale. It is important to note that derived products such as coke oven coke and patent fuel, while included in the balances, do not appear in production as they are not primary products.

Imports and exports Imports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customs clearance has taken place. Imports and exports comprise the amount of fuels obtained from or supplied to other countries, whether or not there is an economic or customs union between the relevant countries. Coal in transit should not be included.

Stock changes Stock changes reflects the difference between opening stock levels on the first day of the year and closing levels on the last day of the year of stocks on national territory held by producers, importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers. A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw as a positive number. It is presented this way as this is how it affects the domestic supply, as opposed to how it describes the changes in stocks.

Total primary energy supply Total primary energy supply (TPES) consists of production + imports - exports ± stock changes. Given that exports and stock builds both are represented as negative numbers, in reality TPES = production + imports + exports + stock changes. Marine and aviation bunkers also are not counted in TPES.

Statistical difference Statistical difference is essentially the difference between supply and demand. It includes the sum of the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

unexplained statistical differences for individual fuels, as they appear in the basic energy statistics. It also includes the statistical differences that arise because of the variety of conversion factors in the coal and oil columns. See the introduction to World Energy Statistics for further details. For countries that are unable to collect stock change data, stock builds and draws will contribute to statistical differences.

Transformation processes Transformation processes record the transformation of one kind of fuel or energy into another with both inputs and outputs being measured. This may bridge several transformation processes. For instance: Coking coal used to manufacture coke oven coke would be reported as a negative input to the coke oven transformation process.  The resulting coke oven coke, coal tar and coke oven gas would be reported as a positive output to the coke oven transformation process flow.  Energy inputs from other sources, including electricity, will not be reported in this particular instance of an exclusive coal and coal products balance. Therefore, numbers may not be indicative of true efficiencies, but rather map the flow of coal.  The coke oven coke will largely be used to produce pig-iron in a blast furnace. Therefore, it will be reported where it is used – mainly as an input to the blast furnace transformation process.  The by-product blast furnace gas will appear as an output in the blast furnace transformation flow. However, a significant amount of energy is lost in the process of making the pig-iron, so the net negative value in the blast furnace transformation flow will tend to be approximately 60% of the total energy inputs.  The blast furnace gas (and coal tar and coke oven gas) will likewise be reported where used. Some of this will appear in the relevant consumption flows, other parts might be used to generate electricity and appear in electricity transformation.  In a complete energy balance, the electricity generated would be converted to the appropriate energy unit and reported as a positive output in the applicable electricity transformation flow. This is not the case in the coal balance, so the number displayed in the electricity transformation flow is the fuel input, not the process efficiency loss.

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Supply

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.9

Electricity and heat generation Electricity and heat generation can refer to electricity plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP), or heat plants. Both main activity producer3 and autoproducer4 plants are included here. Electricity plants are plants which are designed to produce electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit (and the inputs and outputs cannot be distinguished on a unit basis), then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel inputs used to generate electricity are taken into account. However, only the part of the fuel inputs used to produce the heat that is sold is shown. Fuel inputs for the production of heat that is consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not included here but are included in the final consumption of fuels in the appropriate consumption sector. Heat plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) are designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third party under the provisions of a contract. Heat pumps that are operated within the residential sector, where the heat is not sold, are not considered a transformation process and are not included here, despite the fact that equivalent electricity consumption will appear as residential use.

Blast furnaces Blast furnaces covers the quantities of fuels used for the production of recovered gases (e.g. blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). The production of pig-iron from iron ore in blast furnaces uses fuels for supporting the blast furnace charge and providing heat and carbon for the reduction of the iron ore. Accounting for the calorific content of the fuels entering the process is a complex matter as transformation (into blast furnace gas) and consumption (heat of combustion) occur simultaneously. Some carbon is also

3. Main activity producer generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. 4. Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned.

retained in the pig-iron; almost all of this reappears later in the oxygen steel furnace gas (or converter gas) when the pig-iron is converted to steel. In the 1992/ 1993 annual questionnaires, member countries were asked for the first time to report in transformation processes the quantities of all fuels (e.g. pulverised coal injection [PCI] coal, coke oven coke, natural gas and oil) entering blast furnaces and the quantity of blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas produced. The IEA Secretariat then needed to split these inputs into the transformation and consumption components. The transformation component is shown in the row blast furnaces in the column appropriate for the fuel, and the consumption component is shown in the row iron and steel, in the column appropriate for the fuel. Originally, the IEA Secretariat assumed that there was a transformation efficiency of 100%, which meant that the energy going into the transformation process was equal to the energy coming out i.e. equivalent to the energy content of the gases produced). However, when the IEA data were used to calculate CO2 emissions from fuel combustion using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology, as published in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,5 the blast furnaces were showing a carbon gain. Starting with the 1998 edition, the IEA Secretariat decided to assume a transformation efficiency such that the carbon input into the blast furnaces should equal the carbon output. This is roughly equivalent to assuming an energy transformation efficiency of 40%.

Gas works Gas works covers the quantities of fuels used for the production of town gas. Note, this item also includes other gases blended with natural gas.

Coke/patent fuel/BKB/PB plants Coke/patent fuel/BKB/PB plants covers the use of fuels for the manufacture of coke, coke oven gas, patent fuels, BKB and peat briquettes (PB).

Other transformation Other transformation covers non-specified transformation and transformations not shown elsewhere, such as coal liquefaction.

5. The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories are available from the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme at www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp.

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The main transformation processes reported either create a derived coal product or by-product, and have been described earlier in the Energy sources section or are mentioned below.

I.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Energy industry own use contains the primary and secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC6 05, 06, 19 and 35, Group 091 and Classes 0892 and 0721]. These quantities are shown as negative figures. Included here is, for example, own use of energy in coal mines.

Fuel mining and extraction Fuel mining and extraction includes both coal mining and oil and gas extraction. For hard coal and lignite mining, this represents the energy which is used directly within the coal industry. It excludes coal burned in pithead power stations (included under electricity plants in transformation processes) and free allocations to miners and their families (considered as part of household consumption and therefore included under residential). For oil and gas extraction, flared gas is not included.

appear within the particular industry, but instead appears within the relevant transformation flow.

Iron and steel industry Iron and steel industry [ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431];

Chemical and petrochemical industry Chemical and petrochemical industry [ISIC Divisions 20 and 21] excluding petrochemical feedstocks;

Non-ferrous metals Non-ferrous metals basic industries [ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432];

Non-metallic minerals Non-metallic minerals such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc. [ISIC Division 23];

Transport equipment

Other energy industry own use

Transport equipment [ISIC Divisions 29 and 30];

Other energy industry own use (including own consumption in patent fuel plants, coke ovens, gas works, blast furnaces, BKB, peat briquette and lignite coke plants, coal liquefaction plants, gas-to-liquids plants, charcoal production plants, nuclear plants as well as use in non-specified energy industries).

Machinery

Losses

Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying [ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099];

Losses includes losses in gas distribution, flaring or venting of manufactured gases, electricity transmission and coal transport.

Consumption

Machinery: fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment [ISIC Divisions 25 to 28];

Mining and quarrying

Food and tobacco Food and tobacco [ISIC Divisions 10 to 12];

Paper, pulp and printing

Total final consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors.

Paper, pulp and printing [ISIC Divisions 17 and 18];

Industry consumption is specified in the following sub-sectors. Note that energy used for transport by industry is not included here but is reported under transport.

Wood and wood products

Also note that if a particular industry makes another energy product, either as part of the industrial process (e.g. coke oven coke manufacture in an integrated iron and steel plant), or as an autoproducer (which may still be part of the industrial process), consumption does not

Wood and wood products (other than pulp and paper) [ISIC Division 16];

Construction Construction [ISIC Divisions 41 to 43];

Textile and leather Textile and leather [ISIC Divisions 13 to 15];

Non-specified (Industry) 6. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Series M, No. 4 / Rev. 4, United Nations, New York, 2008.

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Non-specified (any manufacturing industry not included above) [ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32].

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Energy industry own use

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.11

Note: Most countries have difficulties supplying an industrial breakdown for all fuels. In these cases, the non-specified industry row has been used. Regional aggregates of industrial consumption should therefore be used with caution. Non-energy use covers those fuels that are used as raw materials in the different sectors and are not consumed as a fuel or transformed into another fuel. Transport includes all fuels used for the transport [ISIC Divisions 49 to 51] of goods or persons between points of departure and destination within the national territory irrespective of the economic sector within which the activity occurs.

(e.g. ships, aircraft, road and energy used in living quarters) regardless of whether the fuel delivered is for the military of that country or for the military of another country.

Non-energy use Non-energy use covers those fuels that are used as raw materials in the different sectors and are not consumed as a fuel or transformed into another fuel. Non-energy use is shown separately within final consumption.

Coal resources and reserves

Agriculture/forestry includes deliveries to users classified as agriculture, hunting and forestry by the ISIC, and therefore includes energy consumed by such users whether for traction (excluding agricultural highway use), power or heating (agricultural and domestic) [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02].

Quantifying mineable coal is based on a consideration of geological, mining and economic criteria. The amount of coal in place and, in some cases, the amount of mineable coal is influenced by national resource measurement criteria. The basis for computing these resources varies from country to country and, therefore, it must be borne in mind that for this reason, direct comparisons are sometimes not possible. During the 1990s, there was a considerable discussion on the adoption of internationally recognised standards for reporting reserves. This largely stems from the requirements of capital markets for improved transparency in reserve estimation where project financing is being sought. However, to date, while there has been adoption of some international recommendations incorporated into national or regional standards, there has not been the adoption of one set of universal international standards. There are, however, some generally recognised definitions that can be applied.

Fishing

Resources

Fishing includes fuels used for inland, coastal and deep-sea fishing. Fishing covers fuels delivered to ships of all flags that have refuelled in the country (including international fishing) as well as energy used in the fishing industry [ISIC Division 03]. Prior to the 2007 edition, fishing was included with agriculture/ forestry and this may continue to be the case for some countries.

Resources refer to the amount of coal that may be present in a deposit or a coalfield subject to some broad restrictions as to its viability as a potential resource. Resources can be measured, indicated or inferred, based upon the level of understanding.

Residential Residential includes consumption by households, excluding fuels used for transport. It includes households with employed persons [ISIC Divisions 97 and 98] which is a small part of total residential consumption.

Commercial and public services Commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 85-88, 90-96 and 99].

Agriculture/forestry

Non-specified Non-specified includes all fuel use not elsewhere specified as well as consumption in the abovedesignated categories for which separate figures have not been provided. Military fuel use for all mobile and stationary consumption is included here

Calculation of total resources does not take into account the feasibility of mining the coal under current technological and economic conditions. Not all resources are recoverable using current technology, and not all resources are recoverable under current market conditions. Reserves constitute that subset of resources that are either known to be recoverable, or estimated to be recoverable with a medium to high level of confidence. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Other

I.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Reserves may be further defined further in terms of proven (or measured) reserves, and probable (or indicated) reserves, based on exploration results and the degree of confidence in those results. Probable reserves have been estimated with a lower degree of confidence than proven reserves. Estimates take account of coalfields’ geological characteristics, in particular the regularity, thickness and quality of seams, the spacing of exploration boreholes and other exposures, and geological discontinuities such as faults or folding, all of which affect the practical recoverability of the coal.

Proven reserves Proven reserves are those reserves that are not only confidently considered to be recoverable, but can also be recovered economically under current market conditions. In other words, they take into account what current mining technology can achieve, as well as the economics of recovery (mining, transportation and other relevant recovery costs, such as government royalties, and coal prices). Proven reserves will, therefore, fluctuate according to economic pressures, especially price.

Units and conversions Balance units Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a common energy unit, the tonne of oil equivalent (toe). A tonne of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ), a convenient measure because it is approximately the net heat content of one ton of average crude oil. This unit is used by the IEA/OECD in the majority of its energy balances. The change from using the original unit to tonne of oil equivalent implies choosing coefficients of equivalence between different forms and sources of energy. This problem can be approached in many different ways. For example, one could adopt a single equivalence for each major primary energy source in all countries, e.g. 29 307 kJ/kg (7 000 kcal/kg) for hard coal, 41 868 kJ/kg (10 000 kcal/kg) for oil. The main objection to this method is that it results in distortions since there is a wide spread in calorific values between types of coal and individual coal products, and between calorific values of these fuels in different countries. The Secretariat has, therefore, obtained specific calorific factors supplied by the national administrations INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

for the main categories of each quality of coal and for each main flow or use (i.e. production, imports, exports, electricity generation, coke ovens, blast furnaces and industry). The supply side average of this particular set of national calorific values, that allow for the conversion of energy sources from original (physical) units to joules, are presented later in Part III. The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific value. The difference between net and gross predominantly being the latent heat of vaporisation of any moisture and the water produced during combustion of any hydrogen within the fuel. For coal and oil products, net calorific value is usually around 5% less than gross, and for most forms of hydrogen-rich natural and manufactured gas, the difference is 9-10%. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. Note that throughout this publication, 1 tonne means 1 metric tonne or 1000 kg. Billion refers to 1 thousand million (109). Also, in many cases, totals shown in the tables may not be the exact sum of their components due to independent rounding.

Conversion (to toe and tce) In this report some data are reported in terms of tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) because this unit is more widely used in the international coal industry. A tonne of coal equivalent is defined as 7 million kilocalories (29.3076 GJ). The relation between tonne of oil equivalent (toe) and tonne of coal equivalent (tce) is therefore: 1 tce = 0.7 toe

Units for gases In the IEA/OECD publication World Energy Statistics all data on gases are expressed in terajoules (TJ), on the basis of their gross calorific value. 1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe. To calculate the net heat content of a gas from its gross heat content, multiply the gross heat content by the appropriate following factor: Gas Natural gas Gas works gas Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Other recovered gases

Ratio of NCV to GCV 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Please note that this means in order to calculate gross from net, if necessary, you must divide the net value by 0.9 (rather than multiply by 1.1).

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Reserves

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.13

2. SOURCES AND NOTES

Energy data for OECD countries are submitted to the IEA Secretariat in a common reporting format and methodology to allow for international comparisons to be made. Energy data for member countries reported for 2018 (shown as 2018p) are provisional data based on the submissions received in early 2019 and on quarterly submissions to the IEA. In some instances it has been necessary for the IEA to estimate some data. Explanations of these estimates are provided in the country notes. Final 2018 data on solid fuels and manufactured gases will be submitted by OECD member countries to the Secretariat in annual questionnaires in late 2019. As a result, final data for 2018 and provisional 2019 data will be published in the 2020 edition of Coal Information. Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in World Energy Balances 2019 edition and World Energy Statistics 2019 edition.

Qualifiers Data marked as “e” are estimates of the IEA Secretariat. Data marked as “c” mean that the data are confidential due to country specific regulations. Data marked as “..” mean that data are not available (either not collected or not submitted by national government). Data marked as “x” mean that the data point is not applicable or there is no meaningful explanation of a value there. For example, the price cannot be shown if the consumption in the country is forbidden or the country itself did not exist as an independent

entity at a given point in time. The year marked as “p” (e.g. 2018p) refers to provisional data.

Treatment of blast furnace coke and PCI data Data on coke used in and pulverised coal injected into blast furnaces (PCI), are harmonized for all OECD countries in order to ensure that blast furnace transformation data are consistently presented and that comparisons between countries for consumption are meaningful. The main effect of these revisions has been, where necessary, to revise the reported consumption of coal in the iron and steel industry and in blast furnace transformation, so discrepancies between IEA and national accounts may ensue. In effect, inputs to blast furnaces may be calibrated to be proportionate to production of blast furnace gas and some inputs to blast furnace consumption may be reported as consumption in the iron and steel industry if there are lower than normal outputs of blast furnace gas. It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal trade and consumption, PCI is not separately specified as a product in its own right. Rather it is included in some form of hard coal. This methodology is based on the fact that pulverised coal injection is a process, and this process, unlike for coke oven coke manufacture, is somewhat independent of coal type. For Japan and Korea, PCI consumption is reported in this book as a coking coal to be consistent with the national practice of including imports of PCI coal with coking coal without regard to coal type. Other countries that report some usage of coking coal as inputs to blast furnaces (the Netherlands, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Turkey and the United Kingdom) may do so for this reason, or because of the respective coal quality. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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General notes

I.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

General notes The People’s Republic of China (China) joined the IEA as an Association country in November 2015.

Revisions of China’s 2000 - 2010 energy data In early 2016, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of the People’s Republic of China (China) supplied the IEA with detailed energy balances for 2000 to 2010 and the IEA revised its data accordingly. In September 2015, the NBS published China’s energy statistics for 2013, as well as revised statistics for the years 2011 and 2012. These have already been taken into account by the IEA in the “Special data release with revisions for the People's Republic of China” in November 2015.

Net calorific values (NCV) for coal inputs to power generation from 2000 are estimated by applying assumptions used by China on the average thermal efficiency of coal-fired power stations in these years. NCVs are also estimated for bituminous coal production from 2000 as well as for inputs to main activity heat plants from 2008. NBS and IEA collaborate to provide additional detail on energy production, transformation and consumption of all five different types of coal (e.g. anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous, sub-bituminous and lignite). At the moment NBS only provides quantities of raw coal and washed coal in their energy balances and the IEA Secretariat has attributed these quantities to coking coal and other bituminous coal. It is expected that the continuing work to provide disaggregated data on the five different coals will result in greater detail in future editions.

All revisions show significant changes both on the supply and demand side for a number of energy products, resulting in breaks in time series between 1999 and 2000. Most importantly, the previously significant statistical difference for coal has now been allocated in industrial consumption based on findings from a national economic census.

Since 2000, imports and exports of cleaned coal are no longer reported in the national energy balance of China. The IEA Secretariat has used secondary sources of information to report this coking coal trade and corresponding quantities have been removed from bituminous coal trade. Consumption of this coking coal is assumed to be in coke ovens.

Methodology

The IEA data of coal stocks for the years 1985 and 1990 as well as coal production for the years 1997-1999 are estimates and do not represent official data released by the Chinese government. Those estimates were based on the assumption that coal consumption statistics are more reliable than coal production statistics and that the production-consumption relationship should maintain a balance over time.

In the 2018 edition, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) changed the definition of cleaned coal and other washed coal. Since then only the coal used for coking is called cleaned coal. This might result in breaks in time series in coking coal between 2015 and 2016. As this change of methodology resulted in uncertainty on the use of cleaned coal, the IEA Secretariat estimated the use of coking coal in transformation and final consumption sectors. In the 2018 edition, based on new information, coal consumption in rail was revised for the whole time series to reflect the fact that coal is used for other usages than transport in the Rail sector. The IEA Secretariat allocated part of the coal reported under rail to other non-specified sectors for the period 1990-2003. For the period 2004-2016 the IEA Secretariat allocated the total amount of coal reported under rail to other non-specified sectors. In the 2018 edition, based on new information, coal inputs to main activity heat plants and part of coal inputs to main activity electricity plants were allocated to main activity CHP plants for the period 20052016. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Observations In recent years, China has reported large increases in stocks for crude oil, oil products and for different types of coal. These stock increases are seen as consistent with trends in economic growth and development in China; however, information is currently lacking on the scale of the infrastructure available for this magnitude of stock increases. Starting with 2010 data, NBS increased the level of detail of the national energy balance regarding oil products and coal gases. Breaks in time series may occur between 2009 and 2010. Data for coal trade in this publication may not match data from secondary sources of information.

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People’s Republic of China

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.15

 China Energy Statistical Yearbook, National Bureau of Statistics, Beijing, various editions up to 2019.  Direct communication with the China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), National Energy Administration (NEA), Beijing.  China Electricity Council, online statistics, various editions up to 2014.  Zhang G., Report on China’s Energy Development 2010, China’s National Energy Administration, Beijing, editions 2009 to 2011.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources up to 1990:  Electric Industry in China in 1987, Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, Department of Planning, Beijing, 1988.  Outline of Rational Utilization and Conservation of Energy in China, Bureau of Energy Conservation State Planning Commission, Beijing, June 1987.  China Coal Industry Yearbook, Ministry of Coal Industry, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 1983, 1984, 1985 and 2000.  Energy in China 1989, Ministry of Energy, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 1990.  China: A Statistics Survey 1975-1984, State Statistical Bureau, Beijing, 1985.  Almanac of China's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, The Editorial Board of the Almanac, Beijing, 1986.

Other sources Quarterly energy statistics Readers who are interested in more recent data should consult the OECD/IEA Coal Quarterly Statistics which are published in January, April, July and October each year This publication provides current, accurate and detailed statistics on quarterly production, supply and demand and trade of the major energy forms mainly in, but not limited to, the OECD area. Coal quarterly data include  World steam and coking coal, and lignite production;  World steam coal and coking coal trade; and  Coking coal and steam coal imports and exports for major OECD countries.

This information and data were previously included in the publication OECD/IEA publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics.

OECD Main Economic Indicators OECD Main Economic Indicators is a monthly compilation of a range of indicators on recent economic developments for the 35 OECD member countries, which contains detailed notes regarding the selected indicators.

Price data Energy prices are published quarterly in the IEA/ OECD Energy Prices and Taxes, where complete notes on prices may be obtained. IEA data on coal prices are managed in two subsystems, which vary not only in content, but also with respect to the data collection methods.

Import and export unit values Import and export unit values are calculated quarterly (March, June, September and December) from national customs statistics import and export volumes and values. The basic data are collected from monthly national trade sources (Chile, Japan, Korea, United States, Australia and Canada) or provided monthly to the IEA by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). Values recorded at the import stage are the sum of cost, insurance and freight (CIF – cost including freight/fees), but exclude import duties. Values recorded at the export stage (FOB – free on board), exclude seaborne or international transport, but include inland transport costs of the exporting country. As far as possible, the concept of ‘general imports and exports’ is used. This includes coal imports for re-export with or without processing, but excludes transit trade. The definitions of coal categories and the volume and value units used in each of the above source systems vary considerably. A certain amount of regrouping and unit conversions is necessary once the basic data are compiled. The rules for regrouping coal categories are consistent with the definitions used in the annual IEA/OECD coal statistics. Prices are compiled for steam coal and for coking coal. Definitions and the correspondence to national and European classifications are discussed in detail in the quarterly IEA publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Comments in Energy Prices and Taxes on certain data items, as well as general background information, are developed systematically. Data comments INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Sources 1990 to 2017:

I.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

relate mainly to calorific values of specific coal trade flows and to national coal definitions. Background information covers duties and trade regulations.

only of the available price data in the region and, therefore, prices shown should be considered as only indicative.

End-user prices

For coal exports and imports, customs unit values are prices reported by OECD member countries.

The standard approach to reporting end-use prices can be summarised as follows:  includes transport costs to the consumer;  shows prices actually paid, i.e. net of rebates; and  includes taxes which have to be paid by the consumer as part of the transaction and which are not refundable. This excludes value added taxes paid in many European countries by industry (including electric power stations) for all goods and services (including energy). In these cases, value added taxes are refunded to the customer, usually in the form of a tax credit. Therefore, it is not shown as part of the prices. A standard coal quality for all international comparisons of end-use prices is not possible given the wide variety of coal qualities in domestic and international coal trade. As a result, only average prices covering a range of different qualities are collected, along with the calorific value of these averaged sales. If average prices are not available, prices of a selected coal may be chosen. Accordingly, international comparisons of coal end-use prices may be misleading if read at face value. Detailed notes concerning these price series are published in Energy Prices and Taxes. Also, please refer to Energy Prices and Taxes for the detailed description of price mechanisms in each country and country specific notes.

Derived price data The information collected on prices is converted by the IEA Secretariat into a variety of secondary data in order to facilitate its analysis. Inter-fuel price comparisons for one country are usually made on the basis of prices per heat unit such as a tonne of coal equivalent. In the enduser price tables, the conversion factor used for converting gross calories to net calories for natural gas is 0.9. Inter-country price comparisons are made on the basis of a standard currency unit, e.g. US dollars. Prices for regional totals are calculated as the weighted average INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Customs unit values are average values derived from customs’ administrations total volume and total value data. These data indicate broad price movements as they are averages of all qualities of coal without regard to the end-use of the coal or to the contract terms and conditions under which the trade occurs. End-user prices are those paid by end-users in the power sector and in industry and are reported by member countries in a quarterly reporting system which the IEA’s Standing Group on Long Term Co-operation initiated in 1981. Data received are published in the IEA quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Unless otherwise stated, prices are reported in US dollars in the year specified (i.e. current US dollars). In addition to the official price statistics presented, coal price statistics published in the industry press are used to summarise short-term spot steam and coking coal price trends. Although not “official” in that they are not provided by member countries, there is a high correlation between prices published by the industry press and national coal price statistics.

Conversion to euro Prices and taxes prior to the date of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) have been converted from the former national currency using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate. The irrevocable conversion rate on 1 January 1999 was used for all countries, except Greece (fixed rate as of 1 January 2001), Slovenia (fixed rate as of 1 January 2007), Malta and Cyprus1 (both fixed rate as of 1 January 2008), the Slovak Republic (fixed rate as of 1 January 2009), and Estonia (fixed rate as of 1 January 2012). Country

Rate

Austria Belgium 6 Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland

13.7603 40.3399 0.585274 15.6466 5.94573 6.55957 1.95583 340.75 0.787564

Country Italy Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

1. Please refer to Part I Section 4, Geographical Coverage.

Rate 1936.27 40.3399 0.4293 2.20371 200.482 30.126 239.64 166.386

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End-user prices are collected quarterly from national administrations and other relevant bodies and supplemented with data extracted from national publications. Although a standard approach to reporting the data has been developed, differences in definitions between countries are explained in the notes published in Energy Prices and Taxes.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.17

This methodology facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution (i.e. growth rate) is preserved. However, pre-EMU Euro are notional units and are not normally suitable to form area aggregates or to carry out crosscountry comparisons.

purchase lots), and the pricing policies of central or local authorities, which naturally include the national tax policies.

Sources

Over time, there have been wide fluctuations in exchange rates and there has been some concern regarding international price comparisons based on exchange rates which may not reflect the relative purchasing power in each currency.

Most of the prices are submitted on a quarterly basis to the IEA Secretariat by administrations; others are taken from national publications or web sites.

Household energy prices in US dollars: purchasing power parities versus exchange rates

The difference between world market prices and national end-use prices in US dollars correspond to the remaining pricing parameters, i.e. transformation and distribution costs, non-internationally tradable energy sources (mainly hydro-power, but also natural gas), market structures (e.g. mix of large- and small-

The Purchasing Power Parities used here were developed jointly by the OECD statistics directorate and Eurostat (the Statistical Office of the European Communities) to enable international price comparisons to be made for GDP and its components. (For more information on the methodology, see www.oecd.org/std/ppp.)

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In general, country differentials between national enduse prices expressed in US dollars are heavily influenced by exchange rate differentials. However, world market prices of primary fuels in US dollars are an important parameter for the pricing of final energy consumption, particularly for countries which rely heavily on energy imports.

An alternative method of comparison is provided by Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. A given sum of money, when converted into different currencies at the PPP rates, buys the same basket of goods and services in all countries. In other words, PPP's are the rates of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels between different countries.

Energy end-use prices in US dollars

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.19

3. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovenia are included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are included in Former Soviet Union and Slovenia is included in Former Yugoslavia.

 The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.  Italy includes San Marino and the Holy See;  Japan includes Okinawa;  Netherlands excludes Suriname, Aruba and the other former Netherlands Antilles (Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Saint Eustatius and Sint Maarten);  Portugal includes the Azores and Madeira;  Spain includes the Canary Islands;  Switzerland includes Liechtenstein for oil data; data for other fuels do not include Liechtenstein;

Within the OECD:  Australia excludes the overseas territories;  Denmark excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands, except prior to 1990, where data on oil for Greenland were included with the Danish statistics. The administration is planning to revise the series back to 1974 to exclude these amounts;  France includes Monaco and excludes the overseas collectivities: New Caledonia; French Polynesia; Saint Barthélemy; Saint Martin; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; and Wallis and Futuna. Data for the following overseas departments: Guadeloupe; French Guiana; Martinique; Mayotte; and Réunion are included for the years 2011-2017, and excluded for earlier years;  Germany includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards;

OECD Americas includes Canada; Chile; Mexico and the United States.

1. Latvia is included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Latvia are included in Former Soviet Union. 2 Lithuania became an OECD Member in July 2018. Accordingly, Lithuania appears in the list of OECD Members and is included in the zone aggregates for data starting in 1990, starting with the 2019 edition.

3. Natural gas and electricity data for Puerto Rico are included under Other Non-OECD Americas, except for input to and output to electricity and heat generation, included under the United States starting with 2017 data.

 Shipments of coal and oil to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man from the United Kingdom are not classed as exports. Supplies of coal and oil to these islands are, therefore, included as part of UK supply. Exports of natural gas to the Isle of Man are included with the exports to Ireland;  United States includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia but generally excludes all territories, and all trade between the US and its territories. Oil statistics include Guam, Puerto Rico3 and the United States Virgin Islands; trade statistics for coal include international trade to and from Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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The Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) includes Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Chile; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Korea; Latvia1; Lithuania2; Luxembourg; Mexico; the Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Poland; Portugal; the Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; the United Kingdom; the United States..

I.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Australia;

Israel;

OECD Europe includes Austria; Belgium; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Latvia1; Lithuania; Luxembourg; the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; the Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey and the United Kingdom. World includes OECD Total; Africa; Non-OECD Americas; Non-OECD Asia (excluding China); China (People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong, China); Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia; Middle East; World aviation bunkers and World marine bunkers. It is also the sum of Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Oceania, World aviation bunkers and World marine bunkers. Africa includes Algeria; Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; the Republic of the Congo (Congo); Côte d’Ivoire; the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; Egypt; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; the Kingdom of Eswatini; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Libya; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mauritius; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Réunion (until 2010); Rwanda; Sao Tome and Principe; Senegal; the Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South Africa; South Sudan (from 2012); Sudan; the United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania); Togo; Tunisia; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe. Americas includes Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Aruba; the Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bermuda; the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Bolivia); Bonaire (from 2012); the British Virgin Islands; Brazil; Canada; the Cayman Islands; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Curaçao4; Dominica; the Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; the Falkland Islands (Malvinas); Guatemala; French Guiana (until 2010); Grenada; Guadeloupe (until 2010); Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Martinique (until 2010); Mexico; Montserrat; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Puerto Rico; Saba (from 2012); Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia;

4. The Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010 resulting in two new ‘constituent countries’ (Curaçao and Sint Maarten) with the other islands joining The Netherlands as “special municipalities’. However, due to lack of detailed data the IEA Secretariat’s data and estimates under the “Netherlands Antilles” still refer to the whole territory of the Netherlands Antilles as it was known prior to 10 October 2010 up to the end of 2011. Data refer only to the island of Curaçao from 2012. The other islands of the former Netherlands Antilles are added to Other non-OECD Americas from 2012.

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Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Eustatius (from 2012); Sint Maarten (from 2012); Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; the Turks and Caicos Islands; the United States; Uruguay; the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Venezuela). Asia (from 1990) includes Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; the People’s Republic of China; Cyprus5; Georgia; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia; the Islamic Republic of Iran; Iraq; Israel6; Japan; Jordan; the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Korea; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Lebanon; Macau, China; Malaysia; the Maldives; Mongolia; Myanmar; Nepal; Oman; Pakistan; the Philippines; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Sri Lanka; the Syrian Arab Republic; Tajikistan; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Turkey; Turkmenistan; the United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Viet Nam; and Yemen. Europe (from 1990) includes Albania; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France7; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo8; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; the Republic of Moldova (Moldova); Montenegro; the Republic of North Macedonia; the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Romania; the Russian Federation; Serbia9; the Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine; the United Kingdom.

5. Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union member states of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 6. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. 7 Data for the overseas departments are included in Europe starting with 2011, and in other regions as appropriate (America or Africa) until 2010. 8. This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo’s declaration of independence. 9. Serbia includes Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.

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OECD Asia Oceania includes Japan; Korea and New Zealand.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.21

The International Energy Agency (IEA) includes Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia10, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The IEA and Accession/Association countries includes: IEA member countries: Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia7; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Japan; Korea; Luxembourg; Mexico; the Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Poland; Portugal; the Slovak Republic; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; the United Kingdom and the United States; Accession country: Chile; Association countries: Brazil; the People’s Republic of China; India; Indonesia; Morocco; Singapore; South Africa; Thailand. Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia includes Albania; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus5; Georgia; Gibraltar; Kazakhstan; Kosovo8; Kyrgyzstan; Malta; the Republic of Moldova (Moldova); Montenegro; the Republic of North Macedonia; Romania; the Russian Federation; Serbia9; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan; the Former Soviet Union; the Former Yugoslavia. Non-OECD Asia excluding China includes Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia (from 1995); India; Indonesia; the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mongolia (from 1985); Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; the Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; Viet Nam; Other non-OECD Asia. China includes the (People’s Republic of) China and Hong Kong, China. Non-OECD Americas includes Argentina; the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Bolivia); Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Curaçao11; the Dominican Republic;

10. Estonia is included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union. 11. The Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010 resulting in two new “constituent countries” (Curaçao and Sint Maarten) with the other islands joining The Netherlands as “special municipalities”. However, due to lack of detailed data the IEA Secretariat’s data and estimates under the “Netherlands Antilles” still refer to the whole territory of the Netherlands Antilles as it was known prior to

Ecuador; El Salvador; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Suriname (from 2000), Trinidad and Tobago; Uruguay; the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Venezuela) and Other Non-OECD Americas. Middle East includes Bahrain; the Islamic Republic of Iran; Iraq; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; the Syrian Arab Republic; the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Other Africa includes Botswana (until 1980); Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo Verde; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Djibouti; Equatorial Guinea; Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Namibia (until 1990); Niger (until 1999); Réunion (until 2010); Rwanda; Sao Tome and Principe; the Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Somalia; the Kingdom of Eswatini; Uganda. Other non-OECD Americas includes Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda; Aruba; the Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bermuda; Bonaire (from 2012); the British Virgin Islands; the Cayman Islands; Dominica; the Falkland Islands (Malvinas); French Guiana (until 2010); Grenada; Guadeloupe (until 2010); Guyana; Martinique (until 2010); Montserrat; Puerto Rico (for natural gas – up to 2016 data - and electricity); Saba (from 2012); Saint Eustatius (from 2012); Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Maarten (from 2012); Suriname (until 1999); the Turks and Caicos Islands. Other non-OECD Asia includes Afghanistan; Bhutan; Cambodia (until 1994); Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Kiribati; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macau, China; the Maldives; Mongolia (until 1984); New Caledonia; Palau (from 1994); Papua New Guinea; Samoa; the Solomon Islands; Timor-Leste; Tonga; Vanuatu. The European Union - 28 (EU-28) includes Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus5; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; the Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; the Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden and the United Kingdom. Please note that in the interest of having comparable data, all these countries are included since 1990 despite different entry dates into the European Union.

10 October 2010 up to the end of 2011. Data refer only to the island of Curaçao from 2012. The other islands of the former Netherlands Antilles are added to Other Non-OECD Americas from 2012.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Oceania includes Australia; New Zealand; Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; the Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu.

I.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

 Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia: Andorra; Faroe Islands; Jan Mayen Islands; Liechtenstein12 (except for oil data); the Palestinian Authority; Svalbard;  Africa: British Indian Ocean Territory; French Southern and Antarctic Lands; Mayotte (until 2010); Saint Helena; Western Sahara;

12. Oil data for Liechtenstein are included under Switzerland.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

 Non-OECD Americas: Bouvet Island; Greenland (after 1990); Saint Barthélemy; Saint Martin (French part); South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands;  Antarctica;  Non-OECD Asia excluding China: American Samoa; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Christmas Island; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; Marshall Islands; Micronesia (Federated States of); Nauru; Niue; Norfolk Island; Northern Mariana Islands; Pitcairn; Tokelau; Tuvalu; United States Minor Outlying Islands; Wallis and Futuna Islands.

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Please note that the following countries have not been considered due to lack of data:

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.23

4. ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Units and technical abbreviations t kt Mt toe Mtoe tce Mtce kcal MBtu GWh USD

: : : : : : : : : : :

metric ton = tonne = 1000 kg thousand tonnes million tonnes tonne of oil equivalent million tonnes of oil equivalent tonne of coal equivalent (= 0.7 toe) million tonnes of coal equivalent kilocalories (103 calories) million British thermal units million kilowatt hours US dollars

CCS CIF FAS FOB GDP GCV PCI TPES EU FSU OECD UNECE

: : : : : : : : : : : :

carbon capture and storage cost, insurance and freight free alongside ship free on board Gross Domestic Product gross calorific value pulverised coal injection Total primary energy supply European Union Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/Soviet Union Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

0 or 0.0 : negligible : : : : : :

provisional (shown for the year) confidential estimated not available nil not applicable

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p c e .. x

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

General conversion factors for energy To: From:

TJ

Gcal

1

Mtoe multiply by:

MBtu

GWh

2.388x102

2.388x10-5

9.478x102

2.778x10-1

gigacalorie (Gcal)

4.187x10-3

1

1.000x10-7

3.968

1.163x10-3

million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) million British thermal units (MBtu)

4.187x104

1.000x107

1

3.968x107

1.163x104

1.055x10-3

2.520x10-1

2.520x10-8

1

2.931x10-4

3.600

8.598x102

8.598x10-5

3.412x103

1

terajoule (TJ)

gigawatt hour (GWh)

Conversion factors for mass To: From:

kg

t

lt multiply by:

st

lb

1

1.000x10-3

9.842x10-4

1.102x10-3

2.205

tonne (t)

1.000x103

1

9.842x10-1

1.102

2.205x103

long ton (lt)

1.016x103

1.016

1

1.120

2.240x103

short ton (st)

9.072x102

9.072x10-1

8.929x10-1

1

2.000x103

pound (lb)

4.536x10-1

4.536x10-4

4.464x10-4

5.000x10-4

1

kilogramme (kg)

Conversion factors for volume To:

gal US

gal UK

bbl

From:

ft3

l

m3

multiply by:

US gallon (gal)

1

8.327x10-1

2.381x10-2

1.337x10-1

3.785

3.785x10-3

UK gallon (gal)

1.201

1

2.859x10-2

1.605x10-1

4.546

4.546x10-3

4.200x101

3.497x101

1

5.615

1.590x102

1.590x10-1

7.481

6.229

1.781x10-1

1

2.832x101

2.832x10-2

Litre (l)

2.642x10-1

2.200x10-1

6.290x10-3

3.531x10-2

1

1.000x10-3

Cubic metre (m3)

2.642x102

2.200x102

6.290

3.531x101

1.000x103

1

Barrel (bbl) Cubic foot (ft3)

101

deca (da)

10-1

deci (d)

102

hecto (h)

10-2

centi (c)

103

kilo (k)

10-3

milli (m)

106

mega (M)

10-6

micro (µ)

109

giga (G)

10-9

nano (n)

1012

tera (T)

10-12

pico (p)

1015

peta (P)

10-15

femto (f)

1018

exa (E)

10-18

atto (a)

The conversion factors shown above are available online with greater precision at: www.iea.org/statistics/resources/unitconverter/.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Decimal prefixes

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - I.25

Coal classification The definitions of products presented are based on those of the Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual energy questionnaires, and on the United Nations International Recommendations on Energy Statistics. The IEA collects statistics on coal production, trade and consumption according to a technically precise classification based on the quality of coal as follows:  Anthracite is a high rank, non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value not less than 24 000 kJ/kg (5 732 kcal/kg) on an ash-free but moist basis and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at least 2.0;  Coking coal is hard coal suitable for the production of coke which can support a blast furnace charge;  Other bituminous coal is an agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value not less than 24 000 kJ/kg (5 732 kcal/kg) on an ash-free but moist basis and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at least 0.6;  Sub-bituminous coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value between 20 000 kJ/kg (4 777 kcal/kg) and 24 000 kJ/kg (5 732 kcal/kg) and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of less than 0.6; and  Lignite is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 20 000 kJ/kg (4 777 kcal/kg). However, when publishing these data, the IEA sometimes adopts a simplified classification of hard coal, steam coal and brown coal. The correspondence is as follows:  Total coal is the sum of hard coal and brown coal;  Hard coal is the sum of coking coal, anthracite and other bituminous coal for all countries, plus, prior to 1978, this may include sub-bituminous coal for Australia, Belgium, Chile, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United States;  Brown coal contains lignite and sub-bituminous coal for all countries barring the exceptions prior to 1978 above; and Steam coal consists of anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. The term total coal also refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question (the conversion factors are submitted by national administrations to the IEA Secretariat each year) by the total volume of hard and brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. One tce has an energy content of 29.3 Gigajoules (GJ) or 7 000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe).

Defining coal consumption Energy statistics are compiled and presented to take account of the complexity in the way fuels are used and to avoid double counting. Misunderstandings can arise when statistics on coal consumption are used because of the particular terminology used by energy statisticians. Coal is used in four possible ways:  As a primary input to produce electricity or a secondary/tertiary fuel that is used elsewhere or sold - this is referred to as use in transformation processes; e.g. coking coal used to produce coke in a coke oven or steam coal used to produce electricity.  As a fuel used to support a transformation process - this is referred to as energy industry own use; e.g. coke oven gas used to heat the coke oven or steam coal used to operate the power plant.

 As a raw material - this is referred to as non-energy use; e.g. coal tar used as a chemical feedstock. In the wider community, the term “consumption” is commonly understood to include all of the above end-uses. In Parts III and IV of this book, the term “consumption” refers only to use in the final consumption sectors (i.e. in the third item above). In Parts II and VI, “consumption”, unless otherwise specified, refers to Total Primary Energy Supply as defined in the section in Flows: energy balance in Part I, Definitions.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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 As a fuel consumed in manufacturing, industry, mining and construction, in transport, in agriculture, in commercial and public services and in households - this is referred to as use in the final consumption sectors; e.g. steam coal used to produce heat in cement kilns, steam coal used to produce industrial process steam.

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.1

PART II

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WORLD AND OECD COAL OVERVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.3

Table 1: World energy balance 2017 Million tonnes of oil equivalent SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Production Imports Exports Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical differences Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke/pat.fuel/BKB/PB plants Oil refineries Petrochemical plants Liquefaction plants Other transformation Energy industry own use Losses TFC INDUSTRY Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-metallic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper pulp and printing Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified TRANSPORT World aviation bunkers Domestic aviation Road Rail Pipeline transport World marine bunkers Domestic navigation Non-specified OTHER Residential Comm. and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified NON-ENERGY USE in industry/transf./energy of which: chem./petrochem.

in transport in other

Coal

1

Crude oil2

Oil products

Natural gas

Nuclear

Hydro

Geotherm./ Biofuels/ Solar/ Waste etc.

Electricity

Heat

Total

3773.42 825.07 -851.61 43.06 3789.93

4477.21 2453.09 -2381.80 11.76 4560.25

1364.75 -1477.49 1.98 -110.76

3162.89 986.14 -1029.84 -12.39 3106.80

687.48 687.48

351.03 351.03

256.83 256.83

1324.11 26.28 -21.11 -0.22 1329.06

62.42 -62.73 -0.31

1.92 0.01 -0.00 1.92

14034.90 5717.75 -5824.59 44.19 13972.24

-1.23 -2.80 -1708.53 -643.30 -22.07 -191.72 -12.93 -90.48 -14.47 -0.26 -79.87 -2.25 1020.04

-241.79 10.79 -40.14 -0.05 -0.49 -4323.70 38.62 15.46 12.20 -8.86 -7.74 14.56

271.62 0.40 -158.92 -16.67 -9.11 -0.03 -2.73 -2.43 4239.17 -37.75 -0.55 -201.60 -0.45 3970.18

-8.85 -878.85 -320.77 -64.05 -0.03 5.59 -0.01 -14.65 -14.47 -290.77 -17.60 1502.34

-681.92 -5.57 -

-351.03 -

0.01 -207.40 -2.67 -1.47 -0.00 -0.01 45.28

0.32 -124.10 -63.62 -12.71 -0.05 -0.51 -0.11 -77.26 -13.09 -0.17 1037.76

-3.26 1857.76 343.97 -0.80 -185.90 -173.82 1837.64

4.06 -0.80 240.12 101.13 -0.70 -36.73 -19.52 289.49

28.60 0.66 -2293.92 -468.55 -9.57 -191.82 -10.58 -93.03 -84.53 0.87 -13.66 -81.04 -816.82 -221.56 9717.29

817.63 313.42 108.46 25.42 217.33 2.31 7.88 6.09 27.80 16.25 1.28 4.06 10.10 77.25 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.01 151.72 75.55 33.30 16.42 0.00 26.44 50.62 50.33

5.85 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 5.78 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 8.70 8.70

314.98 6.98 62.67 4.56 39.66 2.11 5.50 23.66 9.47 3.72 2.19 31.40 3.41 119.65 2588.51 195.37 128.04 1960.37 28.84 0.25 216.87 54.48 4.29 433.19 214.76 84.66 107.02 6.13 20.62 633.51 588.30

567.60 55.41 136.65 16.59 52.59 12.48 25.82 8.07 47.53 24.59 2.96 8.69 8.54 167.67 104.71 43.81 60.62 0.06 0.07 0.15 644.07 440.58 190.31 9.89 0.04 3.24 185.96 185.96

-

-

0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 44.33 32.73 8.14 2.18 0.06 1.22 -

207.10 3.64 2.14 0.06 9.17 0.02 0.15 0.22 36.79 65.55 7.72 0.53 3.14 77.98 83.59 82.73 0.50 0.22 0.14 0.00 747.07 702.72 30.42 10.75 0.01 3.17 -

769.11 97.74 109.84 92.30 50.40 25.52 82.68 31.46 44.00 39.68 9.90 16.22 27.36 142.00 31.27 4.55 22.12 2.89 1.71 1037.27 496.58 398.73 55.18 0.65 86.12 -

137.66 13.82 58.21 4.90 2.99 3.88 8.76 2.10 11.67 12.25 2.37 0.99 9.64 6.09 151.82 101.36 39.01 3.47 0.06 7.93 -

2820.89 491.01 478.01 143.83 372.14 46.32 130.79 71.60 177.27 162.05 26.41 61.89 62.20 597.36 2808.15 195.37 128.04 2091.45 51.52 63.75 217.15 54.69 6.17 3209.47 2064.27 784.56 204.93 6.96 148.74 878.79 833.29

2.96

8.62

443.96

184.97

-

-

-

-

-

-

640.50

0.30

-

11.02 34.19

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11.02 34.48

2636.03 4082.47 2617.12 4082.47 18.91 26.77 26.77 -

1700.27 1690.43 9.84 461.89 19.54 442.35

595.57 362.17 233.40 1081.99 660.52 421.48

24.57 0.55 24.02

3.86 3.00 0.86 92.75 44.52 48.23

25606.25 21604.96 4001.29 14367.60 10098.27 4269.33

Electr. Generated - TWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat Generated - PJ CHP plants Heat plants

9863.34 7482.21 2381.13 5978.06 5183.96 794.10

127.37 127.33 0.03 17.68 0.06 17.63

714.51 657.19 57.32 508.55 209.20 299.35

5882.82 4583.03 1299.80 6175.34 3953.16 2222.18

1. Includes peat and oil shale. 2. Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

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Electricity and Heat Output

II.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 2: Total OECD energy balance 2017 Million tonnes of oil equivalent SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION

Coal

Crude oil¹

Oil products

Natural gas

Nuclear

843.75 365.78 -338.16 8.95

1135.51 1472.28 -463.85 17.57

642.81 -714.83 -82.62 -104.72 10.73

1128.14 712.07 -407.49 -0.06 2.54

509.58 -

120.50 -

129.59 -

312.87 23.83 -16.12 -0.22 0.36

41.81 -42.72 -

1.15 0.01 -0.00 -

4181.07 3258.59 -1983.17 -82.91 -104.72 40.16

TPES 880.32 Transfers Statistical differences 3.90 Electricity plants -620.08 CHP plants -72.70 Heat plants -3.66 Blast furnaces -52.07 Gas works -2.15 Coke/pat. fuel/BKB/PB plants -10.86 Oil refineries Petrochemical plants Liquefaction plants -1.44 Other transformation -0.15 Energy industry own use -15.49 Losses -0.92

2161.52 -103.12 -0.08 -1.36 -2095.01 34.22 0.95 9.88 -0.13 -

-248.63 118.14 13.00 -38.79 -11.30 -0.96 -0.03 -2.41 -0.91 2055.15 -33.94 -0.00 -103.12 -0.02

1435.20 -6.70 -413.43 -112.36 -8.95 -0.03 3.44 -0.01 -9.42 -131.72 -1.92

509.58 -504.53 -5.05 -

120.50 -120.50 -

129.59 0.04 -115.98 -2.67 -1.45 -0.00 -0.01

320.72 -0.11 -49.10 -50.88 -8.12 -0.50 -0.11 -0.28 -0.94 -0.08

-0.92 3.44 846.72 97.65 -0.48 -68.83 -59.17

1.15 -0.45 -0.45 56.20 19.65 -0.70 -8.08 -6.23

5309.02 15.02 13.04 -1017.51 -101.11 -3.97 -52.13 -1.62 -11.89 -39.86 0.28 -0.49 -0.67 -328.31 -68.35

104.70 83.60 35.76 9.60 2.37 18.61 0.35 0.19 0.48 5.86 4.37 0.07 0.04 0.86 5.03 0.01 0.01 18.21 11.71 5.34 1.11 0.00 0.04 2.88 2.74 1.65 0.14

6.87 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.01 6.83 6.83 6.83 -

1746.19 93.45 2.47 21.55 1.17 17.23 1.08 2.48 10.38 3.82 2.32 1.36 17.43 0.61 11.55 1157.34 80.21 1038.55 17.27 0.03 20.65 0.64 174.46 73.78 48.75 44.21 4.05 3.67 320.94 305.70 240.56 8.69 6.55

754.10 272.74 27.12 84.59 11.25 25.07 8.17 17.04 3.89 37.12 19.90 2.32 3.11 4.70 28.47 26.88 4.29 22.39 0.07 0.12 409.68 254.46 148.42 5.77 0.04 0.99 44.80 44.80 44.80 -

-

-

9.51 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 9.05 5.50 2.56 0.82 0.06 0.11 -

210.60 77.01 0.06 1.87 0.05 6.36 0.02 0.12 0.15 5.28 51.95 6.87 0.51 0.15 3.62 56.73 56.10 0.50 0.13 0.00 76.86 62.92 9.83 3.51 0.01 0.59 -

818.41 263.26 29.56 41.07 22.27 13.70 13.29 31.14 11.71 22.48 25.73 4.94 7.20 5.86 34.32 9.94 0.64 7.60 0.75 0.94 545.21 252.13 259.09 13.03 0.49 20.47 -

61.08 24.88 0.66 11.55 0.23 0.23 0.69 0.67 0.12 1.92 2.92 0.77 0.04 0.66 4.41 36.20 23.73 12.08 0.24 0.04 0.11 -

3711.46 815.44 95.64 170.26 37.34 81.19 23.59 51.64 26.73 76.48 107.19 16.33 28.33 12.86 87.86 1250.90 80.21 1099.57 25.38 23.17 20.86 1.72 1269.66 684.22 486.07 68.70 4.69 25.98 375.45 360.07 293.84 8.69 6.69

3002.21 2719.21 283.00

6.82 6.82 -

217.09 174.62 42.48

2983.12 2377.10 606.01

1955.24 1936.33 18.91

1401.45 1401.45 -

1054.49 1044.64 9.84

360.86 185.43 175.42

-

1.75 0.93 0.82

10983.02 9846.53 1136.49

694.60 567.66 126.94

-

168.38 140.82 27.56

1326.60 1020.60 306.00

5.15 5.15 -

-

88.60 19.54 69.06

870.49 599.14 271.35

9.18 0.55 8.63

60.39 26.27 34.12

3223.41 2379.74 843.67

Production Imports Exports Intl. marine bunkers Intl. aviation bunkers Stock changes

TFC INDUSTRY Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-metallic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and printing Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified TRANSPORT Domestic aviation Road Rail Pipeline transport Domestic navigation Non-specified OTHER Residential Comm. and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified NON-ENERGY USE in industry/transf./energy of which: chem./petrochem. in transport in other

Hydro

Geotherm./ Biofuels/ Solar/ Waste etc.

Electricity Heat

Total

Heat generated - PJ CHP plants Heat plants

1. Includes peat and oil shale. 2. Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

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Electricity and Heat Output Electr. generated - TWh Electricity plants CHP plants

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.5

Table 3: World total coal supply and end use 2017 (million tonnes)1

Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Kazakhstan Russian Federation Ukraine Oth. non-OECD Eur. and Eurasia Non-OECD Asia China, People's Republic of Hong Kong, China India2 Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Non-OECD Africa and Middle East South Africa Other Africa / Middle East

Production

Imports

Exports

1790.5 499.5 x 0.0 60.9 44.9 x 3.1 x 175.1 37.7 8.0 3.6 x 1.3 1.5 11.8 x 2.9 127.1 x 3.0 74.1 3.0 702.7 30.3

583.2 0.1 3.7 3.4 7.5 4.0 3.1 4.0 15.0 50.5 0.4 1.8 2.0 15.2 187.0 138.9 10.4 14.9 0.5 13.2 5.7 19.1 38.3 8.5 7.1 29.2

512.1 378.9 0.0 0.1 31.1 3.4 x x x 0.2 x 0.0 0.0 x 0.0 x 0.0 x 1.2 7.3 x 0.3 0.1 0.5 88.0 1.0

1547.3 105.3 0.6 0.0 33.2 36.6 2.5 7.3 5.2 188.2 38.0 7.7 4.0 12.1 114.2 95.4 14.4 10.2 0.3 105.0 5.4 20.6 83.6 8.7 606.9 41.8

208.7 3.9 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.6 x 1.5 7.5 18.8 x 1.3 x 2.7 66.2 37.0 1.9 4.4 0.9 13.0 0.0 3.0 7.6 3.2 17.3 6.0

18.4 x 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.9 x 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.6 x x x x 0.0 0.0 10.5 x 0.1 3.9 0.5 x 0.2

118.7 4.1 0.3 0.3 1.6 3.7 0.2 1.0 1.6 15.9 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3 13.3 5.8 4.3 0.1 1.2 7.7 0.0 0.3 16.5 1.7 27.2 10.5

664.4 112.8 388.6 24.8 138.2

56.6 0.0 29.1 19.8 7.7

220.8 29.2 189.8 0.7 1.1

339.8 48.5 138.0 25.3 128.0

101.9 13.7 70.8 15.4 1.9

11.5 5.3 2.9 0.3 2.9

37.3 18.4 5.3 2.3 11.3

4767.1 3397.2 x 725.5 494.7 21.7 x 128.1

692.8 284.3 10.5 209.4 4.5 0.7 67.6 115.7

443.8 8.0 x 1.5 393.8 2.7 0.0 37.8

3050.5 2095.4 8.6 685.4 83.0 0.9 47.0 130.2

858.5 712.6 x 131.8 1.8 x 10.8 1.5

98.8 88.3 x 6.5 x x x 3.9

1064.2 842.8 1.9 116.3 20.7 6.3 9.6 66.7

277.1 256.8 20.3

16.3 0.6 15.7

83.2 71.1 12.2

129.4 116.8 12.5

8.9 6.1 2.8

8.3 8.3 0.0

63.1 54.6 8.6

96.4 4.8 90.5 1.1

26.1 21.2 x 4.9

103.6 x 102.7 1.0

12.9 8.0 1.2 3.7

18.8 15.2 3.0 0.6

0.1 x 0.1 0.0

7.1 2.7 3.2 1.2

5805.1 7595.6

791.8 1375.0

851.5 1363.6

3532.6 5079.9

988.0 1196.8

118.7 137.1

1171.7 1290.5

Non-OECD Americas Brazil Colombia Other non-OECD Americas Total non-OECD Total World

Other Sectors

1. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, peat and, oil shale and oil sands. 2. Fiscal year. See the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 3. Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Other sectors includes consumption in non-ferrous industries, non-energy use, other transformation, losses and consumption in other sectors. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Total OECD Australia2 Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan2 Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD 3

End-use sectors Steel industry Residential

Power and heat plants

II.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3: World total coal supply and end use 2018p (million tonnes)1

Production

Imports

Exports

1753.4 483.1 x 0.1 54.6 44.1 x 6.4 x 169.0 36.1 7.9 3.9 x 1.0 1.2 12.2 x 3.2 122.4 x 2.2 87.8 2.6 685.4 30.2

571.7 0.2 3.2 3.8 6.9 3.8 2.8 4.1 13.5 44.4 0.4 1.7 1.3 14.0 185.1 142.0 9.3 13.1 0.5 19.9 4.5 15.8 38.3 9.9 5.4 27.9

527.8 381.9 0.0 0.1 29.9 2.7 0.0 x x 0.2 x 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 x 0.0 x 1.2 5.2 x 0.3 0.1 0.6 104.9 0.6

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

690.2 113.7 421.0 26.1 129.3

59.3 0.4 28.3 21.4 9.2

237.9 25.8 210.0 0.1 2.1

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

5038.1 3550.1 x 770.9 548.6 31.1 x 137.5

749.3 295.4 10.9 240.2 5.5 x 66.5 130.9

489.7 6.0 x 1.4 439.0 1.6 0.0 41.8

x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x

277.1 258.7 18.5

16.8 x 16.8

81.8 69.3 12.5

x x x

x x x

x x x

x x x

89.0 5.0 83.0 1.0

27.0 21.0 x 6.0

83.0 x 81.9 1.1

x 7.1 x x

x 15.5 x x

x x x x

x 22.6 x x

6094.5 7847.9

852.5 1424.2

892.5 1420.3

x x

x x

x x

x x

Total OECD Australia2 Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan2 Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD 3 Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Kazakhstan Russian Federation Ukraine Oth. non-OECD Eur. and Eurasia Non-OECD Asia China, People's Republic of Hong Kong, China India2 Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Non-OECD Africa and Middle East South Africa Other Africa / Middle East Non-OECD Americas Brazil Colombia Other non-OECD Americas Total non-OECD Total World

Other Sectors

1. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, peat and, oil shale and oil sands. 2. Fiscal year. See the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 3. Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Other sectors includes consumption in non-ferrous industries, non-energy use, other transformation, losses and consumption in other sectors. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

End-use sectors Steel industry Residential

Power and heat plants

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.7

Table 4: World coal1 production (thousand tonnes)

IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

79604 3328 10362 20472 1435 103745 29114 470816 13301 27111 64 1190 25190 13571 2578 1829 2468 415 195845 221 5804 x 12994 12 12396 131985 543012

104504 2865 8018 36688 1165 116807 22750 484218 23198 26025 60 1286 18054 18625 3089 2138 288 229987 177 5796 x 28292 18 18625 130097 752961

160726 3081 7666 60853 1326 121037 18894 522886 35888 24092 57 1892 16381 22543 5193 101 2526 507 249388 237 5731 x 39663 13 39997 94111 801636

204562 2448 2357 68332 2183 101398 13532 434021 51896 17830 25 1014 7985 17217 6933 2578 303 215320 281 4766 5583 35682 11 47428 92762 933561

241807 1298 637 74981 1038 74901 9896 251614 57662 14772 1 172 6317 5720 9320 3577 292 200713 3759 4884 28305 55073 53037 937098

306722 1249 375 69163 366 65162 4100 205067 63887 14033 14 2964 8300 11344 3459 632 162815 3648 4480 23471 63268 31198 971591

370590 109 70028 544 62026 617 205925 69398 9570 95 1249 2832 13475 5267 1471 159540 2511 4540 19481 58340 20498 1038591

435876 16 67894 619 55367 261 183511 56520 9113 101 1145 2084 15304 5331 1935 133238 2378 4430 8430 73399 18346 996107

500343 14 61331 2525 45543 175625 32638 9216 1288 1726 12567 2870 818 131029 1847 3349 1800 73004 4178 660760

499467 16 60866 2425 44907 175122 37731 7972 1328 1486 11776 2919 131 127136 1834 3356 2977 74098 3041 702715

483133 64 54600 2295 44079 169020 36145 7887 1010 1200 12242 3210 150 122428 1503 3217 2161 87787 2581 685398

1707427 2034566 2235099 2262242 2030952 2012462 2111613 2066356 1716597 1755522 1714596 1708862 2035731 2236425 2270008 2036874 2017308 2116697 2071405 1722471 1761303 1720108 333 3 23 .. .. 437 794 898 947 985 988 1877 2220 2483 130 138 121 126 58 25 36 565 680 775 526 650 31 12 394 207 35 40 38 16 3 38 6066 11777 11605 .. .. .. .. .. 158 182 275 247 259 247 327 176 140 90 20 3 8 38 46 46 46 62352 115120 173500 174800 206211 224200 244986 254522 255309 256800 258666 1 15 4 44 79 31 276 563 276 940 570 511 377 152 196 150 1 328 797 328 2806 2768 3104 5345 4693 4485 3621 2894 1636 2928 2148 160 547 166 210 220 457 496 185 202 209 209

IEA. All rights reserved.

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States

1973

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4: World coal1 production (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Argentina Brazil Colombia Peru Venezuela Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam Other Asia PR of China Albania Armenia Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Rep. of North Macedonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Non-OECD Total World

1973

1980

451 2339 2834 33 50 .. 79908 149 30198 .. 10 1143 39 3327 361 2990 2441 417000 811 x x 26810 x x x x x x x 24851 x x x x x 667600 32450 903

390 5242 4164 41 42 .. 116110 304 44106 .. 38 1569 326 2574 1525 5200 4496 620150 1420 x x 30213 x x x x x x x 35164 x x x x x 716000 41301 925

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

400 276 305 259 25 65 23 20 23 7712 4595 5199 6806 6255 5415 7005 4819 5017 8766 21375 25651 38242 59064 74350 90512 90549 83036 127 97 51 17 43 88 251 283 217 40 2189 4064 7885 7195 2730 749 772 749 178 705 1022 1161 963 .. .. 56 158508 225258 290426 335675 437267 570427 703098 725491 770897 1908 10230 41828 79377 170541 325000 463487 494709 548582 52000 46353 31300 29743 34610 25500 31060 21660 31060 111 135 384 788 2397 2259 2989 2652 6523 7157 5019 5185 7516 25213 32166 38742 44998 86 78 35 580 554 686 550 737 549 17 12 15 21 23 16 2238 2746 3637 3094 4871 3451 4165 4297 4526 1256 1232 1293 1357 2880 6650 11211 11932 11694 1858 472 235 83 5188 12421 18421 17708 20878 18344 16979 16259 14720 5594 4638 8350 11609 34093 44835 38735 38237 41362 151 108 97 463 740 1754 15052 13643 15991 837272 1039820 1338746 1354886 2317325 3316101 3268207 3397194 3550067 2150 2071 80 30 45 10 6 139 296 x 0 0 x 19670 1640 7439 9119 10985 13644 14084 14314 30880 31675 30830 26432 24695 29424 31283 34319 30597 x 174 82 x 6644 7249 7516 6881 6724 5152 5094 4995 x 1103 34 7 5 105 297 268 139 x 131443 84494 77444 87197 110929 103074 112755 113694 x .. .. 4989 6554 8649 8801 7575 7170 x 3635 463 425 335 575 1851 1870 2306 x .. .. .. 1297 1938 1398 1475 1596 46581 38183 41121 29285 31106 31127 22980 25752 24161 x 371899 245728 240324 282881 298698 366347 387697 419792 x 45937 40595 37094 35100 37976 38440 39806 37649 x 925 41 22 99 200 1361 1760 1967 x 152763 76298 62403 60394 57659 35876 24281 26147 x 6400 3054 2502 3002 3630 3867 4039 4140 726000 x x x x x x x x 68472 x x x x x x x x 1106 835 1084 1148 1556 1089 1335 1521 1115

1364705 1751510 2143643 2374825 2520511 2621060 3905600 5282421 5588252 5801607 6093204 3073567 3787241 4380068 4644833 4557385 4638368 6022297 7353826 7310723 7562910 7813312

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. Coal comprises primary coals (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite). 1. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.9

Table 5: World coal 1 production (kilotonnes of coal equivalent)

IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa

1980

1985

1990

57501 1455 9178 16714 1369 54023 25766 202003 2419 8647 65 425 25576 9500 2147 1623 1647 415 143895 189 2428 x 9251 12 7445 108416 476228

74140 1203 6726 28924 1115 57642 19108 204491 4219 9059 60 459 15577 11707 2475 1632 288 171922 104 2424 x 14035 8.7 8790 105652 639884

119913 1324 6745 48205 1273 58983 15572 207193 6911 8202 51 676 14144 14170 3894 93 1868 507 175068 139 2397 x 19098 6.3 15248 76771 664373

151576 911 1687 54182 2073 51877 11809 173842 10169 6034 22 393 6384 10822 5346 2033 291 141385 165 1995 1929 16779 5.3 16268 76593 774742

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

182605 235112 287969 352234 417187 418719 409083 483 418 436 294 82 12 11 13 48 58352 49153 49362 48493 42891 43612 39636 986 348 385 362 1448 1403 1327 39390 35784 33671 29752 23028 21817 20963 8603 3546 547 232 112722 86571 80655 65580 56750 56346 53737 10729 11745 12197 10451 5675 6525 6250 4665 4133 2497 2276 2089 1833 1814 0.9 61 5.0 86 92 5050 2196 926 848 1072 1106 841 3521 5197 1801 1370 1097 983 794 6460 8114 10115 11437 9943 9401 9769 3086 2962 4520 4482 2331 2361 2591 280 606 1410 1855 784 126 144 130101 101855 98367 79116 74726 71134 68663 1452 1455 910 876 645 638 523 1703 1517 1691 1709 1346 1333 1278 14505 11380 8950 4709 1052 1611 1112 16664 18604 15107 23915 22140 22403 26273 45820 26654 17237 15486 3573 2601 2208 756835 766936 807545 759771 497806 533115 525598

1166965 1380530 1461552 1515307 1401822 1372719 1433955 1412987 1162800 1194342 1170044 1168334 1381644 1462825 1519309 1404509 1374583 1436031 1415058 1165594 1197078 1172650 299 2.9 22 .. .. 352 639 723 763 793 796 1511 1787 2000 117 119 104 109 51 22 32 507 599 620 421 520 25 9.6 336 177 30 34 32 14 2.6 32 5596 10804 10571 .. .. .. .. .. 64 74 112 100 105 100 293 155 123 79 18 2.6 7.0 34 41 41 41 50203 95366 142506 143090 168597 181323 197664 205634 206507 207698 209383 0.9 13 3.6 39 70 27 243 496 243 792 481 431 318 128 165 126 0.8 277 672 277 2585 2550 2859 4923 4323 4131 3335 2666 1507 2697 1979 144 482 146 185 194 402 437 163 178 184 184

IEA. All rights reserved.

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States

1973

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) 1

Table 5: World coal production (continued) (kilotonnes of coal equivalent)

Argentina Brazil Colombia Peru Venezuela Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam Other Asia PR of China Albania Armenia Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Rep. of North Macedonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Non-OECD Total World

1973

1980

1985

1990

380 1257 2632 33 52 .. 46771 134 25018 .. 9.0 731 17 2994 119 2392 1295 295410 406 x x 6646 x x x x x x x 8644 x x x x x 451456 10926 810

329 3560 3867 41 44 .. 68348 248 36338 .. 21 896 246 2280 588 4160 2408 443884 710 x x 7412 x x x x x x x 11575 x x x x x 476897 13748 883

337 5059 8140 127 42 .. 93785 1557 42618 3438 55 1278 946 1646 2149 4475 133 584359 1075 x x 7546 x x x x x x x 14698 x x x x x 439907 22226 1056

233 2759 19848 97 2283 .. 133343 8353 38026 100 3805 51 1568 928 418 5146 3710 95 740559 696 5969 7273 144 1735 944 82873 .. 2018 .. 11806 273224 14531 526 121864 3227 x x 797

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

257 218 21 55 19 17 19 2931 3759 3548 3007 3765 2764 2878 23819 35510 54845 69039 84046 84081 77105 51 17 43 88 251 284 217 4238 8223 7503 2847 781 805 781 127 503 730 829 688 38 168261 186625 233298 304106 382958 385479 412175 34133 64935 140329 266162 355505 375294 416329 25424 24153 28383 20723 27262 18995 27243 122 346 710 2159 2034 2692 2388 3091 2582 5218 21701 27884 34170 40168 20 458 455 585 299 410 298 15 10 13 18 20 14 2077 1767 2652 1955 2421 2449 2620 974 1022 2171 5014 8453 8997 8817 208 74 7634 7336 8650 7600 6151 5865 5309 6680 9287 27148 35868 30988 30590 33090 85 322 527 1349 8157 7500 8484 962323 1019291 1752902 2460699 2455577 2551242 2663756 27 10 15 3.4 2.9 97 206 0.1 0.1 498 3512 4210 5001 5029 5160 5244 7553 6135 5969 7057 7288 8122 7336 68 1893 1732 1841 1706 1065 1218 1194 20 4.2 3.0 63 172 156 80 53068 48757 54692 69353 64578 70670 71220 .. 1328 1745 2303 2343 2017 1909 256 226 173 298 959 968 1190 .. .. 410 609 439 464 502 11266 8002 8276 8433 6049 6381 5987 185302 182946 224334 237295 298392 317169 343445 12643 11931 10658 10327 10287 10309 9750 22 12 61 123 1153 1491 1666 60584 51760 49326 48021 28602 19395 20643 1537 1263 1511 1818 1955 2036 2087 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1029 1087 1446 1039 1275 1453 1056

913407 1178413 1383858 1638748 1752665 1871655 2835706 3806389 4042847 4184105 4400670 2081740 2560057 2846683 3158057 3157175 3246238 4271737 5221447 5208441 5381183 5573320

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. Coal comprises all primary coals (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite). 1. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.11

Table 6: World coal 1 consumption (thousand tonnes)

2

2018p

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

51413 6184 17169 25614 1772 103745 3146 x 3035 43064 478298 13651 29033 1.0 822 12902 81790 16329 x x 305 2894 4814 2460 772 156379 805 18618 x 16322 1060 258 12237 133527 505515

67316 6145 17099 37272 1718 103759 9669 x 5692 50650 488138 23237 27544 12 1066 18409 87726 27790 x x 374 3973 6129 1976 951 199086 604 21412 x 31222 2138 315 20431 123610 650167

78360 7046 15851 48175 1827 105884 11935 x 5318 38925 525987 37964 25626 69 1586 2927 23935 109391 42505 x x 199 5317 10379 2074 1118 214135 1050 21593 x 48440 4158 640 41490 105980 744671

95289 6663 16429 49146 3720 91832 9992 382 5648 30885 451015 53433 20305 65 3198 3720 22416 114967 44776 920 1303 197 7376 12884 2243 749 187622 4397 18360 6090 46823 3709 494 54372 106722 815949

102491 5135 12589 52634 3391 66480 11003 85 6540 24127 269035 58442 16931 65 2689 6568 17642 133530 44634 252 372 217 10621 14279 2138 1018 171019 5708 12551 5239 42542 3444 253 61020 75916 863552

128123 5105 11046 62968 4590 61089 6641 87 5193 22156 238905 65685 15173 101 2938 10591 18043 153190 71799 97 131 173 12570 12742 2096 999 142859 6154 8869 4925 45654 2861 179 79932 59839 966391

139601 5310 7551 61705 4571 56843 6293 56 4598 21178 241918 70659 11588 117 2988 12124 24248 178233 82272 120 287 122 21186 13006 4286 795 142027 5476 8290 5192 44498 3070 218 76736 61779 1029721

134035 3843 5684 48482 8351 52179 6496 60 6980 17385 231418 58318 10989 106 2000 12310 21767 186553 120048 167 300 102 23354 11893 2645 706 141381 2702 7214 4917 14661 2859 230 94809 51377 949702

116785 3531 3705 37114 12959 46104 3387 27 4884 13709 231531 34563 10581 124 2241 9185 17044 187177 134910 71 247 81 20392 16514 2403 712 135108 4801 6086 3759 19192 2673 181 106531 17775 657698

113968 3445 3572 36471 13237 45799 2651 48 4415 14864 224762 38438 9661 127 1788 8279 15197 188281 140668 70 253 68 20170 14731 2405 832 134969 5408 6153 3753 23151 2601 175 111815 14202 641844

105089 3269 3628 31402 13002 45560 2688 44 4070 13204 214821 36751 9662 127 1208 7980 13841 186042 143798 78 267 63 19346 13133 2616 793 133792 4546 5881 3683 17373 2796 125 125736 11824 614493

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

534023 151992 1056146 535795 151992 1056147

691412 184808 1157680 693130 184808 1157692

798163 232330 1249239 799990 235257 1249308

872471 257275 1148527 876191 260995 1156905

926807 282793 878665 930198 289361 884593

1041929 355208 812322 1046519 365799 817576

1112612 404392 809247 1117183 416516 814963

1021538 443281 745053 1029889 455591 750543

715204 441275 680960 728163 450460 685161

698485 445321 678743 711722 453600 682946

665241 437545 664808 678243 445525 668964

IEA Total OECD Total

1742161 2033900 2279732 2278273 2088265 2209459 2326251 2209871 1837439 1822550 1767594 1743934 2035630 2284555 2294091 2104152 2229894 2348662 2236022 1863784 1848268 1792732

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

IEA. All rights reserved.

1973

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 6: World coal 1 consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Algeria Benin Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Oth. non-OECD Americas Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2

2018p

63 93 1226 1005 632 689 950 120 127 136 .. .. 466 815 912 1040 1002 932 1672 1991 1800 170 167 156 169 487 894 1192 1340 1540 1820 1810 987 257 598 661 50 526 580 619 70 16 90 151 156 107 145 268 791 751 798 34 56 63 253 364 668 734 760 731 582 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4762 4230 6490 6746 7589 587 288 106 58 56 10 17 37 38 .. .. .. .. 16 3 20 13 34 42 42 .. .. .. .. .. 158 177 273 247 259 247 289 151 94 55 20 3 8 38 46 46 140 152 287 737 613 671 60408 86961 125870 124900 147205 157135 175403 189401 185895 186311 189358 1 15 4 44 79 31 276 563 276 33 21 21 15 941 618 471 375 148 130 140 1 328 797 328 2758 2614 3026 5355 4494 4497 3673 2928 3100 2819 2174 233 628 210 677 841 1151 1241 1573 1265 1308 1308 1072 1425 1247 1367 1439 1058 1383 1504 1237 1235 1239 4122 9142 16861 15436 17120 20270 20003 21707 25647 25863 25594 2859 2785 3120 4825 5608 4231 4173 6202 11567 8112 11542 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 8 0 63 95 126 153 77 22 22 23 2 2 3 224 17 80 90 631 871 1083 1260 1001 22 215 409 492 1803 1496 2436 61 12 135 241 107 164 289 537 52 55 53 58 51 95 82 66 13 32 32 51 60 300 84 401 2 1 1 86 74 107 149 389 708 1075 1182 1150 999 1038 32 4 1 1 1 4 5 5 7 53 42 42 355 7 181 52 273 169 174 157 1 1 125 148 155 243 235 98 563 642 660 845 1622 3206 3970 4446 .. .. .. .. 27 1429 2124 2154 12 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10824 10324 11161 10503 10881 77172 107796 156229 220707 294875 357009 463510 683027 880734 938131 985037 129 236 925 6320 11892 22720 42031 60055 94460 105471 115090 30580 44456 54200 48453 31940 29383 31806 20947 9714 19695 29460 13 84 574 2150 2558 3661 10926 23161 29861 32900 35036 .. .. 6167 6649 5204 5212 5473 6957 8274 7688 8263 74 248 266 118 38 580 554 686 974 1300 932 78 83 17 81 123 430 413 505 1149 1318 1365 1270 1667 2954 4246 4722 4044 7714 7718 11186 17981 19075 40 558 2419 2576 3004 8603 9909 13125 24708 29062 30686 1 1 2 2 1 692 1458 1065 1 8 5 93 95 2082 2157 2042

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1973

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.13

Table 6: World coal 1 consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam Other Asia PR of China Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus3 Rep. of North Macedonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Malta Republic of Moldova Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Jordan Lebanon Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2

2018p

3572 5956 11085 17230 26229 46780 59716 63415 65320 66770 67728 362 1619 5344 12707 20801 21270 29525 35419 34517 35701 31415 2770 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14812 26146 51336 51073 61351 2548 4857 345 303 244 575 727 1886 16185 14776 17366 414180 626010 803907 1055667 1312632 1289609 2307285 3444796 3669136 3708065 3745146 899 1580 2370 2145 80 73 54 177 87 219 430 x x x 552 3 1 1 1 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 504 168 79 618 644 645 x x x 19670 1640 7437 9457 12090 15037 15399 15612 32447 36703 38934 37824 34316 29223 29231 32598 31902 34597 31138 x x x 1893 331 703 1140 1171 1070 633 595 74 97 20 49 53 27 5 23 x x x 6937 7435 7769 7473 6939 5443 5411 4909 x x x 1323 44 27 18 113 382 408 364 x x x 89249 64825 44090 63767 78029 79308 85990 88372 x x x .. .. 5163 6619 8903 9054 7605 7171 x x x 6154 792 1129 1307 1688 2203 2135 2931 192 300 52 x x x 4510 1315 181 183 186 125 176 142 x x x .. .. .. 1287 1908 1361 1383 1507 26180 39373 53109 46223 45700 31962 36002 31606 24013 26408 25662 x x x 374080 245331 230479 214594 200817 217482 219034 231653 x x x 45937 40605 37324 35391 37679 39181 40327 38140 x x x 1494 41 29 103 207 1371 1762 1973 x x x 670 x x x 147423 89898 66680 64056 66095 49862 42778 47425 x x x 8940 3028 3147 2825 2645 4477 5110 5025 647358 692140 700445 x x x x x x x x 33896 44306 73306 x x x x x x x x 948 1783 1444 1061 1546 1781 2074 1025 1566 1815 1065 315 215 218 1 1 180 200 200 225 255 259 169 1 1 236 970 2781 3214 3635 170 135 127 145

Non-OECD Total

1349697 1720426 2080828 2348878 2451866 2470585 3690478 5119490 5649914 5789759 5928423

World

3093631 3756056 4365383 4642969 4556018 4700479 6039140 7355512 7513698 7638027 7721155

1. Coal comprises all coals from anthracite through lignite, however excludes peat, oil shale and oil sands and all derived products. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Consumption data for 2018p are supplied by OECD member countries. Non-OECD country data are calculated from production and net trade data from varied sources. Stock changes are generally not accounted for, for non-OECD countries, but may be provided or sourced on an ad hoc basis. 3. Please refer to the Geographical notes in Part I. IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 7: World coal 1 consumption (thousand tonnes of coal equivalent)

2000

1985

1990

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

32250 4311 15207 21724 1695 54023 2697 x 2732 38773 205035 2992 9784 0.9 828 12067 83146 11603 x x 298 2460 4290 1641 772 109512 690 10095 x 12000 1015 247 7356 109682 443017

38985 4078 15702 29143 1651 50091 8288 x 5123 44811 206438 4649 10441 11 1072 17541 86700 19214 x x 359 3334 5477 1465 951 144229 510 11381 x 17736 2019 302 9975 100725 541605

43154 4742 14802 36447 1759 50258 10334 x 4786 34150 211043 8616 9688 62 1619 2639 21980 107436 32003 x x 199 4088 9808 1430 1118 141978 975 11689 x 27488 3760 613 17141 88659 607159

50936 4990 15194 34934 3532 46376 8653 332 5083 28005 185078 11481 7908 64 2918 3235 20845 110930 36262 892 1117 164 5780 12013 1692 718 116130 3929 10549 2180 27157 3566 469 22186 90098 657139

54267 69020 73542 72459 63086 3959 4103 4434 3652 3394 11781 10364 7017 5311 3688 35797 44980 42163 31795 23510 3219 4358 3825 6419 10218 33760 31290 29163 26296 23235 9236 5654 5271 5417 2807 74 79 52 56 25 5886 4691 4186 6151 4404 21972 20328 19520 15945 12772 127448 115689 113839 109190 109519 11972 12910 12812 11232 6242 6596 5643 4239 4226 3551 62 97 112 101 119 2508 2564 2654 1704 1910 5711 9210 10538 10537 7796 17069 17405 22837 19704 15002 123011 138718 157271 164435 165403 38014 59927 70622 104305 116046 245 94 107 149 58 319 102 222 244 211 181 146 104 87 68 7803 9215 17005 18569 16614 13155 11194 11712 10593 14626 1624 1581 3135 1874 1649 976 958 762 677 683 103636 83565 83244 85087 77237 5178 5482 4780 2365 4054 7596 6003 5989 5203 4524 1913 1794 2141 2043 1612 26464 30446 29997 11269 15054 3332 2832 3034 2839 2636 240 167 192 196 149 22745 32010 31548 44425 54170 67371 52310 53518 44870 15712 676424 760600 796294 718170 487903

62872 60818 3319 3153 3589 3629 23331 20370 10528 10281 22582 22317 2200 2232 36 33 4004 3696 13811 12315 101595 95471 6881 6623 3477 3460 122 122 1572 1063 7038 6784 13023 11943 166262 164297 117669 120276 58 64 216 229 57 53 17060 16009 13126 11746 1660 1840 798 760 76955 77560 4598 3865 4657 4571 1598 1573 18133 13699 2566 2745 144 102 56689 61235 12671 10471 473503 453422

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

467201 128640 604407 468896 128640 604408

574082 146364 661895 575733 146364 661906

647694 184023 675446 649453 186662 675508

697854 199821 623843 701385 203056 628096

720025 216917 503138 723244 222628 505677

513895 348462 366483 524422 355500 368476

814795 269246 455835 819152 278456 457922

2005

855462 304570 450904 859288 315107 453486

2010

768535 343073 416494 774953 353610 419031

2016

528026 346185 375460 538245 353980 377460

2017

2

1980

489801 347231 352740 500082 354015 354728

1200248 1382341 1507163 1521518 1440080 1539876 1610936 1528102 1249672 1228839 1189772 1201944 1384003 1511623 1532537 1451550 1555529 1627881 1547595 1269685 1248399 1208825 IEA. All rights reserved.

IEA Total OECD Total

1995

2018p

1973

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.15

Table 7: World coal 1 consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes of coal equivalent)

1980

57 .. 151 428 63 522 501 .. .. 259 48346 30 793 2540 209 1030 3163 2655 0.9 57 12 86 29 55 0.9 174 .. 11 45019 116 25360 10.0 .. 66 67 822 17 0.3 -

89 .. 144 785 14 559 246 .. .. 133 68117 0.9 18 521 2408 553 1350 8022 2586 0.9 86 19 74 3.5 44 0.9 168 .. 2.6 63298 193 36683 76 .. 206 71 988 407 0.4 -

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2

2018p

1180 967 608 663 914 106 112 119 375 656 734 837 807 750 1346 1603 1449 134 145 1047 1177 1353 1599 1590 867 226 525 581 44 463 511 545 79 133 137 94 128 236 696 661 703 30 49 55 223 320 588 646 673 648 947 1595 2417 3784 4488 3988 6119 6361 7155 90 49 48 8.5 15 32 33 .. .. 12 2.3 15 10 26 32 32 .. .. .. 64 72 111 100 105 100 83 48 18 2.6 7.0 33 40 41 123 134 254 652 542 593 96486 95056 111564 116825 131339 143565 140154 140325 143066 13 3.6 39 70 27 243 496 243 18 13 397 316 125 110 118 0.8 277 672 277 2787 4933 4140 4142 3383 2697 2855 2596 2002 185 596 740 1013 1092 1385 1114 1152 1152 1204 1366 1367 1014 1363 1455 1198 1202 1234 14334 13882 15248 17074 17043 18974 21676 22571 22313 2897 4480 5207 3929 3875 5759 10741 7533 10717 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.9 7.3 0.3 114 139 70 20 20 21 1.8 2.2 2.7 197 15 70 79 555 767 953 1109 881 189 360 433 1587 1317 2145 54 11 119 212 94 144 254 473 46 48 47 51 45 84 72 58 28 28 45 53 264 74 353 2.0 1.4 1.4 107 149 389 708 1075 1182 1150 999 1038 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.5 4.4 4.4 6.3 44 370 7.3 189 54 285 176 182 164 110 130 136 70 402 458 471 603 1158 2289 2834 3175 .. .. 18 970 1441 1462 4862 7859 8019 5333 9529 9088 9825 9246 9579 93304 132278 175028 206139 260808 397878 527735 554396 584760 735 5024 9043 17156 31610 45485 61875 69111 75770 44759 40087 26072 23836 25828 16573 7779 17183 25786 517 1936 2304 3297 9840 20858 26892 29629 31553 3263 3556 3182 2595 3219 4156 5232 5026 5435 214 86 23 457 455 585 471 905 637 15 69 105 369 354 433 985 1130 1170 1951 2859 3097 2660 5332 5979 9044 15357 16260 1755 1869 2436 7121 8101 10715 20106 23756 25077 0.8 0.8 0.9 609 1284 938 0.9 7.0 5.0 93 95 2082 2157 2042

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Algeria Benin Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Oth. non-OECD Americas Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka

1973

II.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 7: World coal 1 consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes of coal equivalent)

1973 Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam Other Asia PR of China Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus3 Rep. of North Macedonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Malta Republic of Moldova Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Jordan Lebanon Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen Non-OECD Total World

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2

2018p

3220 5529 10285 16102 24515 42395 54422 58055 57897 59037 59901 120 673 2317 5386 9737 10601 16350 23115 21958 23356 20450 2216 3242 3992 3161 4734 6246 11723 20917 40693 40264 47577 1391 2642 304 267 215 489 603 1624 9155 8498 9694 292827 446734 559341 747039 937586 961075 1732248 2557327 2751612 2785253 2813666 488 859 1279 899 27 25 18 158 72 166 321 x x x 350 2 1 1 0 x x x 127 4 x x x 2009 980 439 138 63 531 539 540 x x x 5969 498 3517 4725 6232 6314 6436 6630 11487 13028 14334 12444 10771 9105 9791 9769 8024 8728 7844 x x x 1455 219 598 954 949 901 529 499 65 92 19 46 51 24 4 19 x x x 1896 2036 1835 2073 1836 1250 1382 1249 x x x 1277 30 19 14 70 248 277 273 x x x 56122 40613 27626 39866 48761 49782 53926 55524 x x x .. .. 1380 1770 2392 2411 2026 1910 x x x 3615 464 670 789 1002 1293 1247 1688 169 264 46 x x x 2859 834 115 153 145 102 145 117 x x x .. .. .. 409 600 428 435 474 9864 15252 20352 17187 15567 10327 11983 9021 6795 7043 6941 x x x 269996 183776 171823 163041 146649 163676 164698 174012 x x x 14531 12649 12086 10912 10419 10603 10543 9953 x x x 887 22 17 63 127 1161 1492 1671 x x x 425 x x x 120887 72331 55805 53056 55965 41009 35548 39933 x x x 4837 1525 1590 1419 1326 2293 2601 2557 436639 459831 423673 x x x x x x x x 12816 17229 27070 x x x x x x x x 851 1709 1381 1015 1475 1701 1947 977 1480 1714 1014 287 196 198 1 1 170 189 189 212 241 244 160 1 1 208 931 2627 3040 3439 150 119 112 127 904567 1154596 1338840 1613358 1695058 1742115 2643867 3655532 4051920 4144703 4250230 2106510 2538599 2850463 3145896 3146608 3297644 4271748 5203127 5321605 5393102 5459055

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. Coal comprises all coals from anthracite through lignite, however excludes peat, oil shale and oil sands and all derived products. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Consumption data for 2018p are supplied by OECD member countries. Non-OECD country data are calculated from production and net trade data from varied sources. Stock changes are generally not accounted for, for non-OECD countries, but may be provided or sourced on an ad hoc basis. 3. Please refer to the Geographical notes in Part I.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.17

WORLD

Table 8: World use of coal for selected end-uses1 (million tonnes)

2015

2016

2017

Total coal2 Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

3545.45 4642.97 4700.48 7355.51 1714.02 e 2693.77 e 3310.82 e 4612.83 e 1623.51 e 2562.80 e 3191.28 e 4458.17 e 90.51 130.97 e 119.54 e 154.66 167.58 e 157.94 31.96 e 45.68 507.53 e 537.65 e 507.92 e 824.63 e 0.01 e 10.46 e 28.63 e 40.11 e 18.25 17.03 e 21.74 19.78 570.09 643.21 543.23 1252.56 21.30 e 50.95 e 66.23 e 182.31 e 37.96 e 81.06 e 76.82 e 166.46 59.39 e 176.12 e 175.00 e 404.91 15.64 e 36.11 e 28.50 e 50.99 435.79 e 298.97 e 196.67 e 447.89 e 435.82 453.34 207.47 285.47 11.31 37.25 28.46 43.69

7709.05 4932.36 e 4758.55 e 173.80 e 42.91 948.05 46.09 e 27.72 1245.51 228.79 e 180.13 428.92 33.77 373.90 e 290.12 72.93

7513.70 4901.08 e 4722.80 e 178.28 37.75 947.63 46.23 e 31.01 1154.05 210.31 e 191.54 405.94 31.62 314.65 e 288.73 67.36

7638.03 5057.28 e 4891.54 e 165.74 36.43 939.91 47.62 e 34.42 1090.10 209.50 e 161.97 399.99 30.43 288.20 e 287.67 69.69

2.27 3.84 3.88 3.13 -0.49 0.48 89.11 -0.58 1.01 7.54 6.53 9.48 7.22 -3.09 0.33 10.44

1.86 2.36 2.42 0.88 -5.29 2.09 5.78 2.64 1.97 5.38 2.60 3.08 -0.63 -0.14 -1.67 2.35

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2108.72 2957.95 3376.41 5608.78 1058.55 1815.87 e 2509.22 e 3810.41 e 985.99 1726.43 e 2420.79 e 3685.42 e 72.56 89.44 e 88.42 e 125.00 26.33 e 32.56 13.14 26.93 3.75 71.10 101.93 47.80 0.01 e 3.89 e 12.94 e 18.67 e 4.91 6.47 10.90 8.23 506.53 527.40 493.94 1163.37 18.48 e 42.42 e 59.14 e 157.93 e 23.23 e 64.97 e 69.47 e 158.74 57.44 e 167.77 e 167.32 e 387.53 11.14 e 33.11 e 27.61 e 47.90 396.24 e 219.13 e 170.40 e 411.27 e 391.79 394.73 191.02 270.25 10.48 36.37 25.88 37.45

5844.87 4126.52 e 3972.78 e 153.74 e 25.78 55.81 20.10 e 19.43 1156.15 194.26 e 171.82 418.32 32.74 339.00 e 278.68 66.08

5706.62 4105.02 e 3947.68 e 157.34 19.83 52.60 21.22 e 24.02 1109.85 198.59 e 187.89 400.99 30.71 291.67 e 275.99 66.31

5839.69 4264.06 4119.71 144.35 18.71 50.26 21.81 e 27.66 1043.27 200.60 e 158.36 394.49 29.25 260.58 e 274.99 69.47

2.86 4.60 4.78 1.76 1.79 27.78 74.13 2.33 0.34 7.17 8.95 9.34 9.50 -4.82 0.06 10.92

2.55 3.21 3.27 1.79 -2.03 -1.28 6.60 5.53 2.56 5.92 3.35 3.22 -0.46 0.64 -1.33 2.43

911.12 1047.30 35.49 45.42 33.85 43.27 1.64 2.15 x 0.00 776.27 e 891.69 21.45 e 25.99 e 4.41 1.32 64.45 71.05 24.23 e 34.37 e 3.96 5.94 9.80 6.24 0.25 0.16 26.23 e 24.34 e 0.33 0.11 6.04 6.73

996.31 46.99 43.86 3.13 0.00 894.53 25.00 e 0.18 26.50 11.47 e 1.46 0.85 0.02 12.71 e 0.17 0.94

981.39 42.41 39.47 2.94 0.00 889.17 25.80 e 0.03 23.95 8.55 e 0.78 0.09 x 14.53 e 0.02 0.08

0.53 9.84 9.34 12.59 x -0.64 -9.50 32.39 12.07 62.43 69.39 .. 58.08 8.99 ..

2.13 2.46 2.93 -1.07 x 2.42 5.20 -15.05 -3.06 0.87 -5.26 -10.23 x -3.93 -12.18 -3.43

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

521.59 7.14 6.19 0.95 .. 503.77 e .. 6.95 1.91 1.73 0.01 0.00 .. 0.18 0.28 ..

1990

556.04 22.03 18.09 3.94 x 466.55 e 6.57 e 2.10 55.51 6.77 e 3.37 1.67 0.84 42.85 e 0.78 0.21

2000

474.87 22.07 18.86 3.21 x 405.98 e 15.69 e 3.81 21.06 6.84 e 2.37 1.83 0.14 9.90 e 0.50 1.98

2010

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Indirect liquefaction may be reported here or under gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1978

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

II.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

WORLD

Table 8: World use of coal for selected end-uses1 (million tonnes)

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

1990

915.14 1128.98 648.33 e 855.88 e 631.33 e 818.28 e 16.99 37.59 e 141.26 125.38 .. x .. x 6.40 8.47 e 61.64 60.30 1.10 1.75 14.72 12.71 e 1.95 6.68 4.51 2.16 39.37 37.00 e 43.75 57.83 0.83 0.67

2000

2010

2015

2016

849.20 779.54 e 751.63 e 27.91 e 18.82 e 0.00 x 7.02 28.22 0.25 4.98 e 5.86 0.75 16.38 e 15.94 0.59

835.61 766.93 738.91 28.02 18.75 0.57 x 7.14 24.74 0.15 3.77 7.58 2.84 10.40 14.89 0.20

816.88 760.42 742.50 17.92 17.13 0.55 0.00 e 6.97 18.31 0.16 e 2.37 4.36 0.87 10.56 e 11.33 0.12

810.77 749.07 731.26 17.81 17.91 0.51 0.00 e 6.81 17.70 0.26 e 2.20 4.10 0.88 10.26 e 12.57 0.11

2017 816.94 750.81 732.36 18.45 17.72 0.48 x 6.74 22.87 0.35 2.83 5.41 1.18 13.09 12.65 0.14

1.77 2.34 2.18 6.84 -0.99 x x 2.36 -0.18 3.98 -1.21 10.80 -5.95 -0.52 2.35 -1.78

-1.19 -0.48 -0.41 -2.60 -6.99 x x -0.84 -3.53 -5.76 -5.41 -0.78 -2.22 -3.77 -5.47 -5.58

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

39.17 34.90 34.42 0.48 0.75 .. .. .. 1.09 .. .. .. 0.50 0.60 2.43 ..

29.48 12.62 11.75 0.87 5.18 x x x 3.09 x 0.99 0.11 1.29 0.70 6.49 x

17.17 10.93 9.85 1.09 2.98 x x x 1.24 x 0.09 0.02 1.04 0.09 1.65 x

19.00 13.55 12.71 0.84 3.29 x x x 1.07 x 0.03 0.01 0.92 0.11 0.92 x

12.84 9.35 8.49 0.86 1.82 x x x 0.75 x 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.03 0.73 x

13.43 9.42 8.59 0.83 2.24 x x x 0.79 0.01 0.01 0.11 0.65 0.01 0.76 x

12.99 8.84 8.11 0.74 2.40 x x x 0.73 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.62 0.01 0.77 x

-2.34 -8.13 -8.57 5.04 17.47 x x x 9.04 x .. .. 8.24 1.32 8.52 x

-2.99 -1.31 -1.36 -0.60 -2.81 x x x -5.22 x -15.66 -1.44 -2.66 -13.63 -7.61 x

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

26.26 22.87 22.87 x x 0.88 x 0.65 1.39 x x x x 1.39 x x

13.62 11.30 11.10 0.20 x 1.39 x 0.61 0.22 x x 0.22 x 0.00 0.00 0.15

18.32 13.98 13.53 0.45 x 3.09 x 1.03 0.16 x x 0.16 x x x 0.06

18.32 12.50 12.00 0.50 x 4.90 x 0.75 0.07 x x 0.07 x x x 0.14

20.32 13.09 12.61 0.48 x 5.62 x 1.26 0.05 x x 0.05 x x x 0.28

22.35 13.82 13.36 0.46 x 7.23 x 0.92 0.10 x x 0.10 x 0.00 x 0.27

.. .. .. x x .. x .. .. x x x x .. x x

-0.60 -1.85 -1.97 x x 8.12 x 1.29 -9.34 x x x x -22.71 x x

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to the explanatory notes 1. and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Indirect liquefaction may be reported here or under gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1978

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.19

Table 9: World coal 1 share of total primary energy supply

2

2018p

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

39.6% 18.0% 24.3% 9.6% 14.1% 78.4% 10.2% x 12.0% 16.3% 41.6% 17.8% 37.2% 0.1% 8.2% 0.0% 6.8% 18.1% 37.8% x x 54.9% 3.5% 4.6% 14.3% 6.4% 80.4% 7.4% 51.3% x 17.4% 4.2% 1.7% 21.1% 35.0% 18.0%

39.2% 15.8% 24.4% 10.7% 12.9% 71.0% 30.7% x 18.0% 17.2% 39.5% 21.8% 29.7% 1.2% 9.2% 0.0% 8.9% 17.3% 32.8% x x 51.2% 2.5% 5.9% 11.3% 5.5% 78.8% 4.3% 41.3% x 18.4% 4.2% 1.6% 22.2% 34.7% 20.8%

41.3% 18.9% 23.5% 13.4% 13.1% 69.1% 37.8% x 16.2% 12.3% 40.6% 34.6% 27.0% 3.7% 13.3% 24.4% 11.8% 20.0% 42.3% x x 47.0% 2.7% 10.9% 8.9% 5.8% 79.0% 7.0% 41.3% x 27.5% 6.0% 2.3% 30.7% 30.9% 24.0%

40.5% 16.5% 22.1% 11.5% 17.8% 63.2% 35.1% 2.3% 14.4% 9.0% 36.6% 37.6% 21.6% 2.8% 21.0% 19.7% 10.0% 17.5% 27.3% 8.0% 4.9% 32.8% 3.3% 12.3% 9.2% 4.1% 76.5% 16.4% 36.7% 27.6% 21.4% 5.8% 1.5% 30.3% 30.6% 24.0%

40.5% 13.0% 16.2% 10.8% 12.8% 54.3% 33.5% 0.5% 14.9% 6.7% 27.2% 37.0% 17.9% 2.5% 16.7% 25.8% 7.7% 17.0% 18.4% 3.8% 2.6% 15.5% 4.4% 12.2% 7.6% 4.4% 70.7% 17.8% 30.3% 22.7% 18.8% 5.1% 0.8% 26.2% 21.8% 22.9%

44.5% 12.6% 13.8% 12.5% 12.2% 52.5% 21.4% 0.9% 11.2% 5.9% 25.2% 33.4% 15.4% 3.1% 13.1% 35.4% 7.3% 18.7% 22.3% 1.9% 1.1% 3.3% 4.6% 10.4% 6.5% 4.0% 63.4% 15.5% 24.1% 20.4% 17.2% 4.7% 0.5% 29.9% 16.4% 23.5%

45.0% 12.0% 8.9% 10.8% 9.5% 44.7% 19.7% 0.2% 9.5% 5.2% 24.3% 29.6% 10.8% 3.2% 12.9% 40.0% 8.8% 21.2% 23.6% 1.8% 1.9% 1.8% 6.7% 10.1% 12.9% 2.9% 59.3% 12.7% 22.5% 21.1% 14.5% 4.5% 0.6% 26.7% 17.0% 24.1%

39.6% 10.1% 6.3% 8.6% 14.5% 41.5% 19.5% 0.4% 12.5% 4.6% 24.2% 28.5% 10.3% 1.7% 8.3% 31.8% 7.9% 23.0% 29.4% 2.4% 2.6% 1.6% 7.4% 9.1% 7.1% 2.6% 54.5% 7.1% 21.9% 19.8% 6.1% 4.2% 0.6% 29.5% 15.2% 22.7%

34.3% 9.1% 5.7% 6.0% 18.8% 39.9% 11.8% 0.1% 9.4% 3.7% 24.9% 19.5% 8.6% 1.9% 9.7% 23.8% 7.3% 27.3% 28.8% 0.9% 2.2% 1.4% 6.7% 13.8% 5.6% 2.8% 49.5% 13.1% 19.5% 16.9% 8.8% 3.9% 0.5% 28.0% 6.6% 15.8%

34.6% 9.2% 5.6% 5.9% 19.1% 36.5% 9.1% 0.2% 8.6% 4.0% 22.9% 20.7% 8.4% 1.8% 8.1% 21.4% 6.1% 27.0% 29.3% 0.9% 2.2% 1.2% 7.0% 12.3% 5.6% 2.8% 47.6% 14.2% 19.4% 16.5% 10.0% 3.9% 0.5% 27.3% 5.4% 15.3%

32.9% 8.4% 5.9% 5.0% 18.1% 36.2% 9.3% 0.2% 7.9% 3.7% 22.5% 20.5% 8.5% 1.7% 5.5% 20.8% 5.7% 27.0% 29.2% 1.0% 2.2% 1.1% 6.6% 11.3% 6.4% 2.8% 47.1% 12.4% 19.1% 16.3% 7.8% 4.2% 0.3% 29.7% 4.5% 14.2%

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

16.9% 22.1% 30.9% 16.9% 21.6% 30.8%

19.1% 21.8% 31.0% 19.1% 21.5% 30.9%

21.9% 25.2% 31.1% 21.8% 25.2% 31.1%

21.7% 21.9% 27.1% 21.7% 21.9% 26.8%

20.8% 20.0% 21.4% 20.7% 20.1% 21.3%

21.4% 22.6% 18.6% 21.3% 22.9% 18.5%

21.6% 24.7% 17.3% 21.5% 25.0% 17.1%

20.3% 26.8% 16.2% 20.2% 27.0% 16.0%

14.1% 28.3% 15.3% 14.2% 28.2% 15.2%

13.7% 28.3% 14.7% 13.8% 28.1% 14.6%

12.7% 28.1% 14.4% 12.8% 27.9% 14.2%

IEA Total OECD Total

22.6% 22.5%

23.8% 23.7%

25.7% 25.7%

23.7% 23.6%

20.9% 20.8%

20.7% 20.6%

20.7% 20.6%

20.0% 20.0%

16.9% 16.9%

16.5% 16.5%

15.8% 15.7% IEA. All rights reserved.

1973

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 9: World coal 1 share of total primary energy supply (continued)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

4.9% .. 2.9% 3.5% 0.8% 10.5% 5.2% .. .. 0.5% 68.8% 3.9% 13.9% 29.4% 0.6% 2.0% 2.8% 13.2% 0.1% 0.7% 0.4% 1.6% 1.0% 1.4% 0.5% 1.9% .. 0.3% 19.7% 0.2% 86.6% 0.1% .. 0.6% 1.2% 3.1%

1.1% .. 2.5% 3.6% 0.1% 7.5% 2.6% .. .. 0.2% 70.1% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 8.0% 25.1% 1.4% 2.3% 5.2% 10.1% 0.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.4% 1.3% 0.1% 0.5% 0.3% 1.5% .. 0.1% 22.2% 0.3% 85.2% 0.5% .. 1.6% 1.1% 2.8%

4.7% 30.5% 2.1% 2.8% 0.7% 4.7% 11.0% 1.0% .. .. 0.1% 76.4% 0.1% 1.6% 5.6% 26.3% 0.4% 2.1% 2.4% 7.8% 10.1% 0.0% 0.8% 4.1% 2.0% 1.3% 1.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% .. 51.8% 26.4% 0.8% 87.6% 2.4% 73.2% 1.4% 0.2% 4.2%

3.1% 37.7% 1.9% 2.4% 0.9% 5.2% 14.9% 0.6% .. .. 0.1% 74.2% 0.0% 1.7% 4.1% 37.0% 1.0% 2.0% 6.9% 12.7% 0.8% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 1.2% 1.3% 1.5% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 2.2% .. 63.9% 30.3% 3.6% 85.1% 6.4% 73.0% 0.6% 0.8% 4.6%

3.2% 35.5% 1.8% 0.8% 5.0% 18.1% 0.5% 0.9% .. 0.0% 75.4% 0.3% 1.2% 1.5% 29.4% 1.1% 1.8% 7.4% 13.0% 0.6% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 1.6% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 53.0% 33.2% 4.8% 83.9% 4.7% 82.7% 0.1% 1.1% 4.1%

1.9% 32.6% 2.1% 0.5% 15.4% 24.0% 0.2% 3.1% 0.0% 75.0% 0.4% 1.1% 1.2% 26.9% 1.5% 0.8% 6.9% 10.2% 0.0% 0.2% 1.4% 0.0% 1.9% 2.8% 0.9% 1.6% 5.2% 0.0% 0.3% 1.5% 1.8% 27.5% 33.1% 7.7% 85.3% 4.8% 75.8% 2.5% 3.2% 2.9%

2.4% 30.3% 1.3% 0.6% 19.3% 21.2% 0.8% 2.9% 0.0% 3.4% 79.1% 0.1% 1.1% 23.1% 1.3% 1.3% 6.0% 10.0% 0.9% 0.2% 8.0% 0.0% 3.2% 3.6% 1.0% 7.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1.8% 1.8% 53.1% 35.8% 12.4% 85.5% 10.6% 75.2% 2.2% 2.7% 4.9%

0.9% 24.5% 0.6% 0.1% 0.8% 31.4% 16.3% 0.1% 0.4% 3.5% 0.0% 4.5% 76.2% 0.0% 18.1% 1.4% 1.3% 5.4% 10.3% 1.4% 0.2% 10.7% 2.8% 3.1% 1.3% 4.5% 0.1% 0.3% 1.5% 2.7% 0.2% 46.5% 39.8% 15.4% 79.3% 20.1% 73.7% 2.9% 3.0% 4.9%

1.5% 36.1% 0.4% 0.8% 1.9% 31.9% 21.9% 0.1% 0.9% 2.4% 0.0% 10.6% 75.3% 0.8% 1.7% 16.6% 1.0% 1.0% 5.6% 16.3% 1.7% 0.0% 11.1% 7.9% 2.9% 2.0% 4.1% 0.0% 3.5% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 4.1% 8.9% 44.5% 43.7% 18.9% 63.3% 21.5% 73.7% 1.7% 5.4% 6.4%

0.4% 1.5% 40.4% 0.4% 0.8% 1.7% 33.2% 21.7% 0.2% 1.1% 2.3% 0.0% 8.8% 74.3% 1.7% 3.9% 14.7% 1.0% 1.0% 5.8% 10.6% 1.9% 0.0% 12.3% 6.7% 4.1% 1.9% 1.1% 0.0% 3.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 4.9% 12.5% 46.2% 44.3% 19.8% 79.7% 24.5% 68.6% 2.8% 5.9% 10.3%

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2

2018p

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.8% .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

IEA. All rights reserved.

Algeria Benin Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Plurinational State of Bolivi Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Oth. non-OECD Americas Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan

1973

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.21

Table 9: World coal 1 share of total primary energy supply (continued)

Rep. of North Macedonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Malta Republic of Moldova Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Jordan Lebanon Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 17.4% 0.6% 11.1% 16.1% 48.0% 20.2% x x x x 40.7% x x x x x x x x 18.2% x x x x x x 36.0% 40.1% 2.9% 0.5% 0.1% -

2.3% 0.1% 0.0% 13.9% 2.1% 15.8% 23.9% 52.3% 19.8% x x x x 33.1% x x x x x x x x 19.2% x x x x x x 29.0% 35.5% 3.1% 0.2% 0.1% -

5.4% 0.2% 0.0% 21.7% 6.7% 17.6% 3.3% 56.7% 33.2% x x x x 34.2% x 5.0% x x x x x 34.3% x x 23.7% x x x x x x 23.8% 45.9% 1.8% 0.0% -

5.3% 0.2% 0.1% 23.8% 9.1% 12.4% 2.7% 60.7% 23.6% 3.2% 0.4% 3.1% 59.5% 31.0% 8.6% 4.7% 53.6% 7.2% 54.4% .. 33.8% 26.6% 20.2% .. 20.4% 21.6% 52.0% 11.8% 1.7% 32.2% 7.3% x x 1.0% -

5.7% 0.1% 0.1% 27.3% 11.1% 15.2% 2.2% 62.0% 1.4% 0.1% 0.0% 2.8% 23.3% 32.9% 2.2% 0.8% 57.0% 0.6% 55.4% .. 13.6% 4.5% 12.5% .. 23.2% 20.2% 65.0% 0.7% 30.9% 2.5% x x 1.0% 2.7% 0.0% -

12.9% 0.0% 35.2% 10.6% 15.2% 4.2% 58.8% 1.0% 1.5% 56.6% 34.4% 5.1% 1.5% 50.2% 0.5% 55.4% 62.7% 20.2% 2.9% .. 20.6% 19.3% 63.8% 0.6% 28.7% 2.2% x x 1.2% 2.7% 0.0% -

15.0% 0.0% 0.7% 37.3% 11.6% 20.0% 4.4% 67.6% 0.6% 0.6% 60.1% 34.8% 7.0% 1.6% 50.1% 0.3% 56.0% 63.8% 21.5% 3.1% 28.1% 22.7% 17.2% 50.4% 1.9% 26.3% 2.1% x x 1.0% 2.6% 0.0% 0.3% -

18.9% 0.0% 0.7% 36.7% 13.9% 24.8% 9.0% 70.6% 5.2% 0.0% 0.3% 62.2% 38.6% 7.3% 0.7% 45.3% 1.6% 49.9% 67.1% 25.5% 2.8% 37.2% 19.8% 14.7% 50.1% 4.1% 28.8% 2.2% x x 0.7% 2.3% 0.0% 1.1% 1.3%

26.1% 1.3% 12.3% 37.1% 11.1% 36.8% 31.5% 64.9% 2.3% 0.0% 1.6% 60.9% 31.3% 7.7% 32.8% 5.5% 43.3% 62.7% 23.5% 1.9% 30.9% 16.6% 15.8% 51.7% 26.3% 32.3% 4.7% x x 0.4% 2.5% 2.0% 0.0% 2.3% 2.6%

28.9% 2.5% 12.6% 37.7% 11.9% 36.1% 29.3% 63.8% 4.9% 0.0% 1.6% 62.0% 32.7% 4.5% 0.1% 35.6% 6.1% 45.0% 55.2% 22.7% 2.6% 29.9% 16.2% 15.5% 50.4% 32.2% 28.7% 5.4% x x 0.5% 1.8% 1.9% 0.0% 3.1% 2.4%

2

2018p

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. x x .. .. .. .. .. ..

Non-OECD Total

29.3%

27.4%

27.4%

28.3%

28.8%

27.3%

32.8%

36.3%

35.4%

35.3%

..

World (incl. bunkers)

24.3%

24.6%

25.9%

25.2%

23.9%

23.0%

26.0%

28.4%

27.2%

27.1%

..

1. Coal comprises all primary coal types and derived coal products, however excludes peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Consumption data for 2018p are supplied by OECD member countries. Primary coal consumption data are available for non-member countries, however derived solid fossil fuels and manufactured gases are not available, and neither is total primary energy supply for all fuels. 3. Please refer to the Geographical notes in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam Other Asia PR of China Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus3

1973

II.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Figure 1: World coal production (million tonnes) 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971

1975

1978

1981

1984

Total coal

1987

1990

1993

Steam coal

1996

1999

2002

Coking coal

2005

2008

2011

2014

2018p

Lignite

Figure 2: World steam and coking coal trade (million tonnes) 1 200

1 000

800

600

400

0 1978

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Steam coal exports

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coking coal exports

2018p

IEA. All rights reserved.

200

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.23

Figure 3: Coal production by region (million tonnes) 9 000

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0 1971

1975

1978

1981

1984

1987

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

2005

2008

2011

2014

2018p

OECD Europe Non-OECD Americas

Figure 4: Coal consumption by region (million tonnes) 9 000

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

0 1971

1975

1978

1981

1984

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

1987

1990

1993

1996

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

1999

2002

2005

2008

2011

2014

2018p

OECD Europe Non-OECD Americas

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1 000

II.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Figure 5: Coal imports by region (million tonnes) 1 600

1 400

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0 1971

1975

1978

1981

1984

1987

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

2008

2011

2014

2018p

OECD Europe Non-OECD Americas

Figure 6: Coal exports by region (million tonnes) 1 600

1 400

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

0 1971

1975

1978

1981

1984

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1987

1990

1993

1996

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

1999

2002

2005

2008

2011

2014

OECD Europe Non-OECD Americas

2018p

IEA. All rights reserved.

200

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - II.25

Figure 7: OECD total primary energy supply (Mtce) 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971

1975

1978

1981

Coal*

Oil

1984

1987

Natural Gas

1990

1993

Nuclear

1996

Hydro

1999

2002

2005

2008

2011

2014

2018p

2011

2014

2018p

Non-hydro ren. & waste

Figure 8: OECD coal1 consumption and indicators (Index: 2010=100) 140

120

100

80

60

40

20

1971

1975

GDP

1978

1981

1984

1987

Industrial production

1990

1993

1996

Total TPES

1999

2002

2005

Coal supply

2008

Electricity generation

1. Coal comprises primary coal (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite), plus peat and oil shale 1. and oil sands. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.1

PART III

IEA. All rights reserved.

DETAILED OECD COAL DATA

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.3

DIRECTORY OF PART III FIGURES AND TABLES Tables Where present, tables presented are numbered as follows: 1. Coal balance

Data for each region and country are illustrated in figures at the beginning of each section. This is followed by detailed statistical information presented in several tables for each region and country.

2. Use of coal for selected end-uses

Interpreting energy data and comparing statistics between countries can be difficult due to differences in definitions used by countries in the collection and reporting of data, as explained in Part I. The conventions used by the Secretariat in compiling a consistent publication of coal data are also reported.

5. Total coal imports by origin

Readers are strongly advised to read the country notes for individual countries, which are provided at the end of this chapter. Conversion factors are also included for reference.

Figures 1. Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 2. Total primary energy supply by fuel (Mtce) 3. Primary coal supply (Mtce) 4. Coal consumption (Mtce) 5. Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 6. CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

3. Coal and peat production by type 4. Coal and peat trade by type 6. Coking coal exports by destination 7. Steam coal exports by destination 8. Coal import values by origin 9. Coal export values by destination It should be noted that not all tables are shown for all countries. For example, in the case where a country has no or very few coal exports, the related tables (on export volumes and values) are omitted. Data for 2018 are provisional with the exception of Tables 8 and 9 where data are final. USD refers to dollars used in the United States of America. Prices for regional totals, weighted by national consumption, are calculated as an average of available price data in the region and therefore prices shown should only be considered as indicative. Data are converted from unit prices to tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) using country specific calorific values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Part III of Coal Information contains detailed statistical information on coal for the 36 member countries of the OECD and for regional aggregates (OECD Total, OECD Americas, OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Europe, and IEA Total). The figures and tables of regional aggregates are presented before the country tables which are set out in alphabetical order.

IEA. All rights reserved.

 

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.5

OECD TOTAL1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 140 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 9 000

100%

8 000

90%

7 000

80%

100

70%

6 000 80

5 000

60

4 000

60% 50% 40%

3 000

40 20 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

30%

2 000

20%

1 000

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

1996

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

1 800

1 800

100%

1 600

1 600

90%

1 400

1 400

80%

1 200

1 200

1 000

1 000

800

800

600

600

400

400

20%

200

200

10%

70% 60% 50%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

10 000

8 000

6 000

2001

2006

2011

Other transformation Other use

100% 14 000

100%

90%

90%

12 000

80%

80%

70% 10 000

70%

60%

60%

8 000

50%

50% 40%

4 000

30%

6 000

40% 30%

4 000

20%

20%

2 000

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12 000

0 1971

30%

2 000 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

40%

III.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD TOTAL 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1170.1 174.2 -158.7 20.8

1384.3 236.3 -214.9 -26.2

1531.6 316.0 -284.3 -20.6

1381.7 434.2 -300.1 57.3

1425.1 524.4 -404.7 14.7

1173.1 518.7 -466.0 54.9

1205.4 522.5 -483.1 12.8

1182.3 513.2 -498.9 21.3

1.6 3.6 3.5

-0.9 1.9 2.0

Primary supply

1206.4

1379.5

1542.7

1573.1

1559.4

1280.6

1257.6

1217.9

1.5

-0.8

21.1

-20.0

5.8

17.2

-10.8

-0.6

5.6

..

Total transformation

-753.8

-959.5

-1193.9

-1374.7

-1344.8

-1109.0

-1090.2

..

2.7

-0.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-639.2 -618.1 -21.1

-849.6 -786.1 -63.6

-1086.4 -1015.2 -71.2

-1274.2 -1220.8 -53.4

-1252.3 -1203.5 -48.8

-1012.7 -974.2 -38.6

-994.9 -960.5 -34.4

.. .. ..

3.2 3.0 7.4

-0.3 -0.2 -2.7

15.8

7.8

-0.5

-2.7

-3.1

-3.3

-3.1

..

-

6.9

-130.3 2.2 -93.6 -38.2 -0.8

-117.7 1.4 -80.0 -39.2 0.1

-106.7 -1.5 -79.2 -21.9 -4.1

-97.1 -0.2 -81.5 -14.6 -0.8

-88.0 0.1 -74.1 -14.2 0.1

-91.2 0.0 -74.9 -16.3 0.0

-89.9 0.3 -74.4 -15.8 -0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-1.2 -0.6 -1.0 -0.2 -3.2 -1.2 10.5 -18.3

Other transformation5

-

-

-0.3

-0.7

-1.3

-1.8

-2.3

..

-

8.4

Energy ind. own use

-35.0

-27.8

-26.1

-22.5

-23.7

-22.2

-22.1

..

-1.7

-0.6

Losses Final consumption6

-5.4

-2.4

-1.4

-1.2

-1.7

-1.5

-1.3

..

433.3

369.8

327.1

191.9

178.5

147.3

149.6

..

-1.6

-2.9

261.1 134.1 26.6 21.2 11.6 67.6

229.0 106.3 24.9 32.7 11.2 53.9

220.9 82.0 30.4 44.3 16.3 48.0

163.1 62.2 18.8 37.6 8.5 36.0

138.9 54.6 17.1 29.7 10.0 27.6

116.8 48.7 14.9 27.0 6.7 19.5

119.4 51.1 13.7 26.6 6.2 21.8

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.0 -2.9 0.8 4.4 2.0 -2.0

-2.3 -1.7 -2.9 -1.9 -3.5 -2.9

10.5

3.7

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.0

..

-17.3

-10.9

157.2 28.5 109.5 19.2 4.4

133.8 28.7 91.2 13.9 3.3

101.5 23.7 65.3 12.5 4.2

25.5 4.2 19.2 2.0 3.1

35.7 10.4 23.2 2.1 3.7

26.2 7.6 17.0 1.6 4.3

26.0 7.6 16.7 1.7 4.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.5 -1.1 -3.0 -2.5 -0.2

-4.9 -4.1 -4.9 -7.2 -0.1

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

1695.2 2319.4 3098.8 3781.7 3742.7 3045.4 3002.2 2862.7 3.6 -0.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances . 5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.7

OECD TOTAL 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1874.32 1136.93 1069.22 67.71 162.40 278.26 0.01 15.16 144.77 10.78 28.22 28.95 13.53 63.30 104.61 0.91

2294.09 1651.37 1566.73 84.63 133.90 236.55 10.33 9.13 166.55 11.86 34.15 47.89 17.97 54.67 83.78 1.21

2229.89 1854.44 1808.78 45.66 16.35 184.51 25.40 7.02 122.04 10.46 21.17 39.54 9.33 41.54 29.34 0.84

2236.02 1865.47 1821.81 43.66 15.42 170.78 32.38 7.14 101.89 10.87 17.92 31.93 10.98 30.20 38.30 0.64

1962.59 1630.17 1588.96 41.21 15.45 162.03 38.11 6.97 91.36 11.03 16.67 30.03 8.43 25.19 28.42 0.73

1863.78 1541.02 1509.91 31.10 14.65 158.00 37.86 6.81 85.72 11.35 15.54 28.17 7.47 23.19 28.55 0.81

1848.27 1525.76 1499.46 26.30 14.05 157.74 39.10 6.74 86.13 11.74 14.52 27.98 6.89 25.00 28.33 0.76

1.70 3.16 3.24 1.88 -1.60 -1.34 88.91 -4.14 1.17 0.80 1.60 4.28 2.40 -1.21 -1.83 2.41

-0.80 -0.29 -0.16 -4.24 -8.01 -1.49 5.05 -1.12 -2.41 -0.04 -3.12 -1.97 -3.49 -2.86 -3.94 -1.70

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

929.13 714.31 664.54 49.77 25.54 2.40 0.01 1.85 93.80 9.78 13.86 27.37 9.02 33.76 71.43 0.08

1242.54 1043.97 991.95 52.02 23.75 6.95 3.76 0.41 122.16 8.46 23.22 44.28 15.86 30.34 48.01 0.54

1429.42 1289.43 1255.53 33.89 3.24 12.18 9.71 103.75 9.65 17.71 37.97 8.75 29.67 18.96 0.45

1481.86 1337.52 1304.00 33.51 2.09 13.46 10.93 85.76 10.11 15.77 28.75 10.78 20.35 28.94 0.27

1251.33 1130.32 1095.06 35.26 1.70 15.56 12.12 78.63 9.18 14.79 28.66 8.08 17.92 22.94 0.54

1165.13 1049.78 1024.56 25.21 1.48 15.62 12.85 75.77 10.03 13.65 27.06 7.16 17.87 22.79 0.62

1145.54 1038.60 1018.11 20.49 1.29 16.02 13.29 72.14 10.34 12.26 26.39 6.59 16.56 22.59 0.55

2.45 3.21 3.39 0.37 -0.60 9.24 73.63 -11.86 2.23 -1.21 4.39 4.09 4.82 -0.89 -3.26 17.45

-0.30 -0.02 0.10 -3.39 -10.24 3.14 4.79 -1.93 0.75 -2.34 -1.90 -3.20 -2.22 -2.75 0.07

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

293.19 7.14 6.19 0.95 275.86 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

257.05 18.23 14.32 3.91 229.60 6.57 0.26 2.29 2.04 0.25 0.14 0.00

206.37 13.37 10.17 3.20 172.32 15.69 2.99 0.59 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

188.55 6.04 5.01 1.04 156.75 21.45 4.97 0.73 0.00 4.24 0.20 0.18

174.09 0.97 0.28 0.69 0.00 145.92 25.99 4.35 1.83 2.52 0.00 0.09

173.54 3.43 2.74 0.69 0.00 141.87 25.00 1.80 1.30 0.50 0.00 0.09

176.77 4.12 3.51 0.62 0.00 141.25 25.80 5.02 1.39 3.63 0.00 0.08

-1.09 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.52 -23.92 19.90 32.43 2.93 -5.70 -

-1.38 -5.36 -5.08 -6.61 -1.78 5.20 2.95 -1.41 10.43 -18.57 14.80

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

III.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD TOTAL 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

652.00 415.48 398.48 16.99 136.86 6.40 50.71 0.93 14.35 1.57 4.51 29.36 32.90 0.83

794.51 589.17 560.47 28.70 110.15 8.47 42.10 1.37 10.93 3.61 2.11 24.08 35.64 0.67

594.10 551.64 543.07 8.57 13.11 0.00 7.02 15.30 0.22 3.46 1.56 0.58 9.48 10.29 0.16

565.62 521.91 512.80 9.11 13.33 0.57 7.14 11.16 0.03 2.14 3.18 0.21 5.60 9.17 0.19

537.17 498.88 493.62 5.26 13.75 0.55 0.00 6.97 8.38 0.02 1.88 1.37 0.35 4.76 5.48 0.10

525.12 487.81 482.61 5.20 13.17 0.51 0.00 6.81 8.14 0.02 1.89 1.12 0.30 4.81 5.76 0.10

525.96 483.04 477.85 5.19 12.76 0.48 6.74 8.98 0.02 2.26 1.59 0.30 4.80 5.74 0.13

1.66 2.95 2.88 4.47 -1.79 2.36 -1.54 3.32 -2.24 7.18 -6.14 -1.64 0.67 -1.78

-1.52 -0.73 -0.59 -6.14 -7.67 -0.84 -5.56 -14.88 -5.67 -2.99 -6.94 -5.80 -6.54 -5.88

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

7.98 3.71 3.23 0.48 0.75 1.09 0.50 0.60 2.42 -

12.99 7.74 7.50 0.23 1.53 1.55 0.16 0.02 1.29 0.08 1.93 -

11.34 8.52 8.02 0.50 0.90 1.23 0.09 0.01 1.04 0.09 0.72 -

14.84 12.39 11.97 0.42 0.69 1.06 0.02 0.00 0.92 0.11 0.80 -

9.86 8.12 7.81 0.31 0.33 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.02 0.62 -

9.84 8.05 7.76 0.29 0.41 0.68 0.01 0.00 0.65 0.01 0.65 -

9.48 7.76 7.48 0.28 0.35 0.65 0.01 0.00 0.62 0.01 0.65 -

4.15 6.30 7.26 -5.88 6.10 2.96 8.24 -15.40 -1.87 -

-1.16 0.01 -0.01 0.72 -5.26 -3.19 -9.72 -6.34 -2.66 -7.38 -3.94 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

26.26 22.87 22.87 0.88 0.65 1.39 1.39 -

13.62 11.30 11.10 0.20 1.39 0.61 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.15

18.32 13.98 13.53 0.45 3.09 1.03 0.16 0.16 0.06

18.32 12.50 12.00 0.50 4.90 0.75 0.07 0.07 0.14

20.32 13.09 12.61 0.48 5.62 1.26 0.05 0.05 0.28

22.35 13.82 13.36 0.46 7.23 0.92 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.27

-

-0.60 -1.85 -1.97 8.12 1.29 -9.34 -22.71 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.9

OECD TOTAL 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

290.52 748.82 205.58 2.30 -

281.99 985.48 251.84 5.36 6.94

229.07 952.44 193.07 3.36 3.74

239.06 1005.63 191.34 4.75 4.46

281.43 946.27 187.36 4.51 5.55

296.97 728.64 171.48 2.29 5.99

290.56 719.40 162.70 3.58 6.07

-0.25 2.31 1.71 7.30 -

0.19 -1.11 -1.41 -3.10 -0.54

296.47 905.35 652.37 8.05 -

282.54 1201.87 785.60 15.89 22.79

234.94 1191.59 590.78 10.38 12.12

248.86 1271.93 595.90 14.39 15.02

293.27 1211.53 566.60 13.68 18.37

307.81 928.95 524.53 7.11 22.07

301.09 914.56 504.45 10.91 22.38

-0.40 2.39 1.56 5.83 -

0.32 -0.95 -1.48 -2.93 -0.12

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

185.87 58.79 99.77 0.60 4.69 22.01

315.32 154.13 141.27 1.40 4.39 0.10 14.03

433.83 267.48 135.38 7.59 1.45 0.10 21.83

516.72 353.39 132.41 9.87 0.48 0.14 20.42

524.37 360.95 139.10 7.92 0.61 0.16 15.62

539.43 383.35 131.22 8.60 0.99 0.06 15.22

518.64 360.68 133.84 8.69 0.66 0.04 14.72

522.51 362.29 134.96 10.88 0.83 0.04 13.52

513.15 352.09 135.79 10.20 0.73 0.06 14.28

176.71 44.50 105.43 4.38 0.01 22.40

284.28 101.38 161.25 0.04 4.34 0.12 17.16

300.06 123.71 161.70 0.77 1.33 0.09 12.47

321.59 126.50 177.21 4.43 0.82 0.06 12.57

404.69 153.59 231.99 4.42 0.79 0.04 13.86

480.50 211.84 251.05 3.62 1.05 0.02 12.92

465.98 202.41 247.16 1.93 0.68 0.01 13.79

483.07 213.79 249.37 5.44 0.69 0.01 13.76

498.93 222.58 256.59 4.94 0.63 0.01 14.17

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD TOTAL 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

178767

322080

457160

558811

573940

595121

570563

583122

563839

99172 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 25075 116

137399 44744 22841 774 3124 2567 52 44987 334

138274 68881 25327 3388 2 3057 22778 357

135050 70655 19413 3366 289 3246 6 21291 583

141563 75115 18664 3704 1 1823 1 30763 444

134259 74638 14889 2041 9 2898 24058 514

137076 76548 16316 2295 13 2420 21670 463

138458 69679 16702 1564 49 2584 0 25846 313

139238 67798 17759 1282 1 2818 27046 695

420 2566 5249 x x 5797

1528 65 86 1538 9180 x x 5578

6491 138 566 703 x 5169 26 471 148 772

7910 313 295 x 6148 316 857 362

2390 857 44 574 x 6318 80 179 37 567

1101 1214 699 10 x 10254 569 1366

733 1020 524 194 x 12994 419 1467

695 1833 773 201 x 14881 497 61 2640

698 1650 385 173 x 14772 67 4092

66833 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 986

174660 36931 4416 327 2092 12732 2441 32692 3467

315846 76182 4061 2443 462 18264 589 27399 4334

422720 95481 2278 1416 625 15505 288 17157 3658

431167 110524 8433 2889 617 10622 307 21904 3949

458586 139115 7572 1515 424 5946 155 24424 2255

432101 131395 4522 928 380 6133 208 18007 2276

442987 119610 5850 580 318 4797 1486 24192 3577

423154 117169 9722 592 332 2230 1186 27422 3856

534 11967 3012 x x 9976

7403 9923 1429 34340 11779 x x 1746 150 12793

37487 26985 28398 44566 x 21128 839 5050 1517 16011

39046 45708 63216 50323 x 60164 2673 5275 2699 17207

11558 57246 87476 24886 x 70508 2729 1364 3512 12642

2318 69205 75242 20797 x 93994 1618 431 953 12438

5673 70126 73853 13648 x 91779 1795 81 629 10538

4015 72332 76496 16378 x 106181 1389 172 908 4444

3469 62199 65599 12195 x 111597 1510 31 1133 2467

12762

10021

3040

1041

1211

2275

1386

1677

1448

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.11

OECD TOTAL 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

107072

162292

167691

186472

243625

262979

258886

261643

269239

90313 1283 3860 5410 32 x 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 x x 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 x 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

122941 1351 7450 4018 492 50 330 8494 877 28 3 50 8734 55410 7852 3 5273 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

127587 122 1844 4551 3501 1088 214 1005 6619 3963 1075 48 4 56 7381 52798 15305 1406 4745 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 46 3954 8626 544

132649 49 1753 3429 4034 1235 523 1181 5535 4137 449 57 15 129 6494 54224 17954 1582 8055 18 592 1909 163 4598 1690 3599 7366 1879

140067 1724 2787 3091 661 720 754 4480 4040 542 59 55 4962 60323 23875 96 77 1338 8978 75 2882 2092 223 2522 1887 37 3902 6426 1459

128514 1202 1826 3886 684 1366 878 4758 3282 346 41 1 2796 50046 28414 769 11434 49 2557 1142 198 2453 1627 3859 4032 868

129072 1336 1742 3425 557 1280 928 5020 3458 443 18 1 2571 52094 28786 456 12352 58 2308 85 1240 374 2031 1622 4244 1938 705

127619 43 1305 1790 3761 685 1618 843 4292 3458 188 85 2852 50651 27712 917 12210 63 2935 77 1391 502 1967 1961 3366 2053 893

125820 1973 1297 4235 563 1747 1126 4740 2408 221 3 2452 49980 27629 57 621 13860 59 3261 75 870 420 1743 526 899 3098 1404 553

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

8808 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 919 69

30067 8867 860 3155 1009 5179 3915 1068 2129 963

36647 10695 265 7713 1211 10795 505 1825 781 1051

49389 8049 5286 8365 1414 19117 593 3184 1036 841

96923 12997 35708 6221 1366 34749 812 161 924 409

132321 12304 49181 10884 341 48734 544 129 1191 2835

126732 13451 44265 10645 257 49476 255 649 1014 1825

130067 13844 45886 10075 779 47503 406 1077 1050 2016

136328 14245 44942 10603 662 53944 276 1867 912 1902

2194

2922

1806

1504

3576

6178

4895

7431

6975

Non-specified/Other

7951

9284

3457

4133

4584

20

2

1

1484

World Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD TOTAL 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

49931

110909

138270

150213

180017

245001

232239

249076

257304

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 x 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 x x 52 1285 167 15 237 x 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

92931 2 1216 3309 10083 514 2282 5855 2813 3598 4041 33 2200 1058 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 394 1 1569 198 736 1040 74 15 1884 225

118579 1642 1319 13524 1349 864 2594 3 1228 3095 9012 112 322 7 1208 2623 1427 51874 13730 6 111 373 3556 16 362 117 348 1217 12 2308 255 20 110 3599 236

125635 2178 1254 13626 668 719 1153 654 2357 9012 73 261 11 1164 1170 422 58539 18719 2 37 4579 2240 56 323 123 580 721 10 712 430 8 178 3259 396

135064 105 1447 758 7246 1407 685 697 356 1994 6028 47 159 605 516 1786 68593 29033 33 1 35 4487 2196 59 164 1471 776 449 185 412 658 25 438 1960 253

154843 5 884 68 1520 1997 1257 327 1 85 454 5492 32 62 330 172 2133 83681 38496 9 1 6 4337 9159 61 104 566 147 522 19 221 221 6 152 2148 167

153630 7 719 395 1123 3209 1526 288 2 157 404 4430 4 129 335 565 84160 40370 5 3 7394 5902 76 91 255 14 601 3 429 91 3 441 200 299

147812 1 732 106 1034 3289 1474 436 1 37 831 3814 62 160 233 1 938 84841 33865 4 3 3282 6277 111 98 706 676 717 15 1224 172 3 551 1634 481

145652 1 450 76 970 2046 768 237 0 13 465 2358 83 125 269 0 1373 84506 34407 1 1 4291 5969 76 95 917 526 674 5 1226 37 4 467 2737 478

384 11 76 32 82 129

12969 345 2551 6866 1 48 49 996 128 1622

19128 22 1440 10034 2 2469 828 89 3303

24415 726 2121 14332 1 1679 844 499 14 4020

44425 138 18127 19554 161 783 1060 119 4372

89379 192 43374 21999 160 10515 67 528 176 12149

76378 163 30810 21159 540 9141 74 821 208 12948

96339 263 42262 26756 1116 10968 34 1621 12744

107377 211 49403 23239 2943 14441 41 2204 135 14240

54

363

941

179

111

219

514

575

520

9050

5009

563

162

528

338

185

239

207

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.13

OECD AMERICAS1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 140 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4 500

100%

4 000

90%

3 500

80%

100

70%

3 000 80

2 500

60

2 000

60% 50% 40%

1 500

40 20

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

20%

500

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

1 000

1 000

900

900

90%

800

800

80%

700

700

70%

600

600

60%

500

500

50%

400

400

40%

300

300

30%

200

200

20%

100

100

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

5 000

2006

2011

Other transformation Other use

100% 8 000

100%

90%

90%

80%

7 000

80%

6 000

70%

70%

4 000

60% 3 000

2 000

5 000

60%

50% 4 000

50%

40%

40%

30%

3 000

30%

2 000

20%

20%

1 000

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 6 000

0 1971

100%

1 000 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

30%

1 000

III.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD AMERICAS 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

496.5 16.7 -55.3 12.6

672.4 18.2 -98.0 -20.6

836.3 18.6 -127.8 -25.8

824.6 42.9 -82.3 37.0

820.1 40.6 -97.8 12.6

552.1 31.5 -78.2 34.7

587.5 32.6 -109.3 14.6

576.3 29.7 -124.1 19.3

3.1 0.7 5.1

-1.3 2.1 -0.6

Primary supply

470.5

572.0

701.4

822.1

775.4

540.0

525.4

501.2

2.4

-1.1

18.6

-10.2

9.6

21.4

-1.8

3.5

7.0

..

Total transformation

-363.7

-468.5

-621.8

-786.9

-721.3

-509.6

-496.7

..

3.2

-0.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-322.2 -322.2 -0.0

-439.3 -439.3 -0.0

-599.1 -592.1 -7.0

-764.8 -747.3 -17.5

-705.8 -699.2 -6.6

-495.1 -492.2 -2.9

-482.2 -479.6 -2.6

.. .. ..

3.7 3.6 51.8

-0.8 -0.8 -3.6

0.5

0.0

-2.6

-2.6

-2.7

-2.8

-2.8

..

-

0.3

-42.0 -27.8 -14.2 -

-29.2 -18.5 -10.7 -

-20.1 -14.2 -5.9 -

-19.5 -13.7 -5.8 -

-12.8 -8.4 -4.4 -

-11.8 -7.6 -4.1 -

-11.7 -7.5 -4.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.2 -3.9 -5.0 -

-2.0 -2.3 -1.3 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.8

-3.7

-2.6

-2.7

-3.0

-2.4

-2.4

..

-6.9

-0.4

Losses Final consumption6 7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

116.5

89.5

86.6

53.8

49.2

31.5

33.4

..

-1.7

-3.5

95.7 54.4 11.9 6.0 7.1 16.1

77.7 36.2 11.2 10.5 7.4 12.4

71.9 22.1 12.5 11.8 10.5 15.0

50.0 15.3 9.6 12.5 3.8 8.9

46.6 10.6 6.1 8.2 5.8 15.9

30.5 8.7 3.7 7.3 2.4 8.3

32.5 9.0 2.7 7.7 1.9 11.2

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -5.2 0.3 4.0 2.3 -0.4

-2.9 -3.3 -5.6 -1.5 -6.2 -1.1

0.4

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

20.5 4.9 5.2 10.4 -

11.6 2.7 2.4 6.5 0.2

14.0 3.5 2.3 8.3 0.7

3.3 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.6

2.2 2.2 0.1 0.0 0.3

0.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.2 -10.6 -2.0 -5.9 -4.7 -17.5 -1.4 -26.3 -3.9

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 943.7 1304.6 1796.2 2274.5 2122.9 1481.0 1441.6 1363.5 3.9 -0.8 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.15

OECD AMERICAS 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

621.30 459.93 459.91 0.03 76.10 0.03 48.89 3.73 10.34 12.00 7.99 14.83 19.39 -

876.19 757.64 749.47 8.18 44.16 0.17 5.64 55.78 2.01 14.49 12.85 11.47 14.96 15.64 0.35

1046.52 974.07 957.33 16.74 33.91 2.39 5.67 40.23 1.76 10.75 13.50 4.24 9.98 3.84 0.47

1029.89 958.15 950.42 7.74 26.67 1.28 5.57 40.89 0.98 7.09 9.18 6.50 17.13 2.61 0.19

789.64 735.67 731.87 3.80 23.92 0.71 5.55 32.92 0.46 5.37 9.79 3.64 13.66 1.24 0.08

728.16 680.93 678.09 2.84 20.25 1.07 5.41 26.51 0.69 4.66 8.34 2.86 9.97 0.99 0.08

711.72 666.82 664.21 2.61 21.11 0.99 5.42 27.60 0.69 3.27 8.80 2.20 12.65 0.90 0.11

2.91 4.25 4.15 62.01 -4.43 56.55 1.10 -5.04 2.85 0.57 3.06 0.08 -1.78 -

-0.77 -0.47 -0.45 -4.14 -2.70 6.65 -0.14 -2.57 -3.89 -5.36 -1.39 -5.93 -0.62 -10.02 -4.34

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

505.43 426.81 426.79 0.03 0.03 46.43 3.73 10.34 12.00 7.82 12.53 19.19 -

743.62 676.52 669.44 7.08 0.17 54.06 1.71 14.26 12.85 11.38 13.88 15.52 0.26

926.90 893.20 877.71 15.49 2.39 38.34 1.46 10.51 13.50 4.14 8.74 3.75 0.33

921.84 886.13 880.97 5.16 1.28 35.53 0.68 6.84 9.18 6.50 12.34 2.52 0.03

686.15 666.46 662.66 3.80 0.71 28.82 0.16 4.97 9.79 3.64 10.26 1.22 0.00

629.70 613.27 610.43 2.84 1.07 24.61 0.39 4.25 8.34 2.86 8.77 0.97 0.00

613.13 602.93 600.32 2.61 0.99 22.78 0.39 2.87 8.80 2.20 8.52 0.88 0.00

3.27 3.91 3.82 60.08 1.28 -6.32 2.71 0.57 3.17 0.86 -1.75 -

-0.71 -0.43 -0.40 -3.63 6.65 -3.15 -5.35 -5.77 -1.39 -5.90 -1.79 -10.09 -18.60

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

80.10 76.10 -

44.19 44.16 0.30 0.30 -

34.14 33.91 0.30 0.30 -

29.34 26.67 4.06 0.30 3.76 -

26.07 23.92 2.81 0.30 2.51 -

22.08 20.25 0.79 0.30 0.49 -

24.52 21.11 3.92 0.30 3.62 -

-4.84 -4.43 -

-2.16 -2.70 9.99 0.00 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

III.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD AMERICAS 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

35.78 33.12 33.12 2.46 0.17 2.30 0.20 -

88.38 81.12 80.03 1.10 5.64 1.41 0.23 0.00 0.10 1.08 0.12 0.09

85.48 80.87 79.62 1.25 0.00 5.67 1.59 0.24 0.00 0.10 1.25 0.09 0.14

78.71 72.02 69.44 2.57 5.57 1.29 0.26 1.04 0.09 0.16

77.43 69.21 69.21 0.01 5.55 1.29 0.40 0.89 0.02 0.08

76.38 67.67 67.66 0.00 5.41 1.11 0.40 0.70 0.02 0.08

74.08 63.89 63.89 0.00 5.42 0.91 0.40 0.50 0.02 0.10

7.83 7.75 7.63 -4.53 -4.60 -6.09 -4.34 -

-0.65 -0.88 -0.83 -20.83 -0.14 -1.63 2.03 -2.79 -5.88 0.58

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.17

OECD AMERICAS 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

109.25 427.40 18.09 -

126.25 668.18 41.91 -

82.07 700.52 41.95 -

74.75 751.62 41.04 -

93.69 687.55 38.82 -

92.57 460.00 34.96 -

98.44 449.35 28.53 -

1.21 3.79 7.25 -

-1.14 -1.37 -0.67 -

109.07 497.37 36.26 -

123.88 797.81 89.32 -

84.67 878.99 88.81 -

80.76 953.96 87.92 -

100.82 897.17 81.93 -

98.16 606.23 73.39 -

104.04 590.57 59.92 -

1.07 4.02 7.80 -

-0.86 -1.01 -0.72 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

22.37 10.87 6.04 5.45

18.63 12.55 4.91 1.16

42.85 26.77 8.24 3.20 0.04 4.61

56.73 38.21 7.99 6.00 0.06 4.47

40.55 28.84 6.23 3.25 0.07 2.17

31.87 19.84 7.66 2.65 0.05 1.66

31.49 20.95 5.11 3.19 0.05 2.20

32.62 22.07 5.30 3.19 0.05 2.01

29.67 19.05 5.35 3.05 0.04 2.19

50.81 9.63 40.44 0.04 0.70

127.76 41.27 85.76 0.04 0.70

82.31 25.38 54.83 0.73 0.03 1.34

66.47 12.85 47.12 4.40 0.16 1.94

97.82 20.59 71.29 4.40 0.16 1.38

89.34 21.81 63.01 3.59 0.06 0.88

78.21 16.49 58.66 1.93 0.05 1.08

109.32 30.93 71.66 5.41 0.05 1.27

124.08 41.00 76.98 4.92 0.04 1.13

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD AMERICAS 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

17684

18506

41420

60018

44968

35436

35118

36469

32703

6209 5924 -

5211 122 4497 -

8353 1074 2049 4357 -

8267 948 2246 4668 -

6458 701 1900 3762 -

7869 1548 1218 4369 -

5243 321 851 3907 -

5481 287 832 1 4348 10

5518 367 842 1 3921 -

x x 285

x x 592

1 x 66 92 714

3 120 x 282

3 92 x -

734 x -

164 x -

0 x -

386 x -

11475 933 49 645 8796 -

13295 22 883 5 9639 -

32983 1482 960 19167 164

51619 5436 576 70 22 14457 341

38367 3413 361 5 10179 84

27452 4270 189 2 8104 127

29775 6609 728 2 6188 -

30881 2023 272 1 6424 10

27103 682 16 1 6434 12

996 x x 56

1296 x x 277 1173

235 6928 1282 182 x 26 2015 542

73 21695 3512 70 x 491 94 4118 85 579

52 19716 2474 1275 x 27 176 560 45

21 13643 808 61 x 60 53 67 47

15 15113 557 26 x 484 32 21

12 21192 635 34 x 254 17

28 18791 830 43 x 200 25 -

-

-

84

132

143

115

100

107

81

Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.19

OECD AMERICAS 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

40450

84425

58170

52799

78568

69785

65170

79072

84720

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

36030 1103 5410 x 1468 560 3069 19925 1173 x x 929 68 265 x 838 453 409 360 -

67629 5538 3988 292 50 127 4880 708 28 50 6536 26588 2908 3 3975 99 753 3156 866 1957 4355 772

45508 2717 3501 312 288 2782 1211 65 48 56 4467 12937 4947 740 2143 42 198 2331 642 2403 3134 544

41707 239 1528 4034 413 776 1610 2230 57 3672 8444 5497 994 2355 18 163 2029 464 2667 2915 1602

52549 412 1737 3091 215 678 1958 2728 40 59 3403 11389 8011 96 77 1002 5636 75 2149 260 223 1453 401 37 2915 3045 1459

44279 378 1066 3886 277 878 1126 2568 41 2128 10074 7954 536 4738 49 807 210 198 1135 607 2614 2141 868

40144 381 1031 3425 208 928 1131 2112 18 1701 10063 8560 456 4260 58 586 85 1102 262 2216 856 705

46235 43 517 1135 3761 266 16 791 1340 3013 83 2342 11260 8901 917 3844 63 1445 77 470 105 812 904 2557 921 652

49012 951 958 4235 135 119 1074 1223 1820 2056 12311 9043 57 621 6539 59 1833 75 50 115 687 526 2677 1295 553

4420 1942 205 218 200 673 1 914 24

11592 6327 300 357 586 1559 614 580 229

9437 5564 1440 682 22 443 269 184 -

11092 4831 956 1274 706 1078 547 377 252 104

25881 8763 8208 864 1042 2299 812 161 321 109

25087 6689 5568 1087 341 5287 384 129 412 54

24664 7088 5779 1251 180 5280 255 647 220 -

32011 7566 7236 1292 779 6646 192 1077 568 119

34133 8484 4843 1465 662 9159 276 1867 624 140

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

243

1040

833

967

3302

5136

3964

6536

6613

-

5204

3225

-

69

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

III.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD AMERICAS 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

10808

42493

26922

20460

28780

28514

20602

40755

50425

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10341 27 8782 309 x 38 528 22 243 356 x x 27 x 5 4

36299 1 2178 10083 394 3321 1758 384 15 1322 530 4451 4007 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 1005 194

25445 429 13524 48 70 564 522 456 79 4425 2275 373 643 74 343 441 55 1016 108

18351 411 13625 256 66 64 133 23 965 749 341 829 143 71 67 361 247

24165 105 367 7245 1098 73 166 1080 935 47 613 2180 4193 33 1378 1700 65 531 182 374 275 220 1219 86

24746 1 19 1518 869 41 82 2045 1272 2455 3386 3005 7820 15 126 42 83 1855 112

15822 2 107 1121 609 55 54 176 1674 315 1985 1198 2352 5473 8 224 172 109 188

27364 1 2 1033 574 409 754 2238 62 1 825 2938 5891 2602 5526 8 476 663 11 1148 137 428 1555 82

31691 1 35 953 788 220 13 393 1980 78 1269 3994 5835 4291 5907 4 642 502 1 1142 31 466 2668 478

95 11 1 82 1

4967 177 108 3820 682 128 5

923 22 9 825 1 -

1950 693 3 217 844 63 14 1

4614 118 2938 1 146 171 1044 119 77

3508 192 1 164 1 2845 17 110 176 1

4435 108 249 165 1 3301 294 197 90

11820 219 448 820 1108 7345 1579 179

17268 167 333 2 2934 10634 37 2102 135 635

-

47

66

115

-

1

30

122

289

372

1227

554

158

1

1

1

2

-

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.21

OECD ASIA OCEANIA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 250

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 1 400

100% 90%

1 200 200

80% 1 000

150

70% 60%

800

50% 600

100

40% 30%

400 50

20% 200

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

500

400

450

100% 90%

350

400

80%

300

350

70%

250

300 250

60%

200

200

50% 40%

150

150

30%

100

100

20%

50

50 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

2011

Other transformation Other use

100% 2 500

100%

90%

90%

80% 2 000

80%

70%

70%

60% 1 500

60%

50%

50%

40% 1 000

40%

30%

30%

20%

500

20% 10%

10% 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 2 500

2006

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

94.2 59.6 -26.0 0.3

103.1 75.0 -41.9 8.7

170.8 130.9 -98.4 -2.8

245.5 203.8 -177.7 6.6

359.0 279.6 -275.1 -9.1

421.7 290.6 -362.1 4.7

423.2 291.0 -352.0 -6.3

413.4 291.7 -355.4 4.4

3.6 4.7 8.1

3.4 3.0 4.8

Primary supply

128.2

144.9

200.6

278.1

354.4

355.0

355.9

354.1

2.7

2.1

-2.6

-2.3

7.5

-4.7

-6.5

-0.4

0.3

..

Total transformation

-68.6

-79.1

-136.8

-215.7

-287.1

-296.2

-298.3

..

4.1

2.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-37.7 -37.6 -0.1

-45.2 -40.9 -4.3

-92.1 -78.4 -13.7

-173.9 -158.0 -15.9

-242.3 -216.1 -26.2

-248.5 -227.7 -20.8

-252.1 -234.9 -17.1

.. .. ..

5.4 4.4 37.9

3.8 4.1 0.8

3.7

5.2

-0.3

-0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-34.6 -0.2 -27.1 -5.8 -1.5

-39.1 -0.2 -23.7 -14.5 -0.6

-44.4 -0.1 -32.2 -7.3 -4.8

-41.6 -0.0 -37.9 -2.7 -0.9

-44.8 -0.0 -39.5 -5.3 -

-47.7 -39.7 -8.1 -

-46.3 -39.0 -7.3 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.5 -5.3 1.0 1.4 6.9

0.2 0.7 -0.0 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.6

-5.5

-7.9

-8.0

-10.2

-10.3

-10.1

..

3.3

0.9

Losses Final consumption6

-0.1

-0.3

-0.2

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

52.3

57.6

63.2

49.7

50.7

48.0

47.8

..

1.1

-1.0

35.2 26.9 0.4 0.9 0.3 6.6

39.2 27.3 0.8 5.9 0.5 4.7

49.0 21.9 6.6 12.8 2.0 5.8

48.0 20.6 4.8 12.1 2.4 8.0

47.9 24.8 6.4 9.6 2.5 4.7

45.6 23.1 5.8 9.2 2.5 4.9

45.4 24.1 5.7 8.9 2.6 4.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

2.0 -1.2 18.2 16.9 10.9 -0.8

-0.3 0.4 -0.5 -1.3 1.0 -1.3

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

..

-6.5

-14.9

16.8 1.6 15.1 0.1 -

18.4 1.6 16.8 -

13.0 0.3 12.6 0.0 1.1

1.0 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.6

1.5 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.2

1.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 1.4

1.0 0.2 0.7 0.1 1.4

.. .. .. .. ..

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-1.5 -8.9 -9.2 -1.2 -1.1 -10.1 -11.9 7.6 0.9

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 88.5 127.6 273.0 539.1 746.8 772.3 792.5 760.2 6.9 4.0 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.23

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

155.83 57.88 56.53 1.35 21.49 64.47 4.64 7.91 1.52 0.38 1.88 0.65 3.48 1.55 -

261.00 127.54 119.73 7.81 22.59 84.45 5.24 27.55 2.43 3.32 13.86 2.28 5.66 0.43 0.23

365.80 233.29 223.62 9.67 3.36 77.47 13.97 33.35 4.09 4.09 13.21 2.77 9.18 0.21 0.00

455.59 318.99 297.46 21.53 2.33 80.19 19.82 29.08 5.85 5.15 10.68 2.95 4.45 0.22 0.00

455.44 323.16 295.58 27.58 1.57 79.14 22.39 30.11 6.90 5.09 10.69 3.24 4.20 0.20 0.00

450.46 322.14 304.42 17.72 1.26 80.45 21.68 30.34 6.34 4.83 10.44 2.99 5.74 0.17 0.00

453.60 323.50 310.19 13.32 1.08 79.39 22.20 28.89 6.39 4.79 10.24 3.05 4.41 0.26 0.00

4.39 6.80 6.45 15.73 0.42 2.27 10.96 3.99 19.77 18.13 11.00 4.14 -10.07 -

2.07 3.51 3.59 2.00 -10.66 -0.23 5.50 0.18 3.64 1.37 -1.11 1.09 -0.92 -1.82 -17.93

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

57.24 30.57 30.21 0.36 18.64 0.13 0.19 7.37 1.46 0.34 1.88 0.35 3.34 1.49 -

131.40 83.39 76.66 6.73 20.81 6.86 27.34 2.43 3.30 13.86 2.28 5.48 0.38 0.23

218.86 166.94 158.37 8.56 2.41 12.18 33.18 4.09 4.09 13.21 2.77 9.02 0.13 0.00

295.93 247.42 225.90 21.52 1.86 13.46 0.63 28.66 5.71 5.15 10.67 2.95 4.18 0.15 0.00

305.65 258.29 230.73 27.56 1.47 15.56 0.05 28.57 5.64 5.09 10.69 3.24 3.92 0.15 0.00

300.87 259.73 242.03 17.71 1.26 15.62 0.07 29.38 5.64 4.83 10.44 2.99 5.48 0.11 0.00

309.17 267.58 254.28 13.30 1.08 15.98 0.07 27.85 5.61 4.79 10.24 3.05 4.15 0.18 0.00

7.17 8.72 8.07 27.63 0.92 39.44 11.55 4.36 20.75 18.14 16.78 4.22 -10.88 -

3.22 4.41 4.54 2.56 -10.38 3.18 0.07 3.15 1.39 -1.11 1.09 -1.02 -2.65 -17.93

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

67.95 64.35 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

83.44 77.59 5.24 0.00 0.00 -

79.43 65.29 13.97 0.00 0.00 -

86.82 66.73 19.19 0.23 0.15 0.00 0.07 0.01 -

84.10 63.58 22.34 1.27 1.26 0.00 0.00 -

87.81 64.83 21.61 0.70 0.70 0.01 0.00 -

87.39 63.40 22.13 0.78 0.78 0.00 0.00 -

1.73 1.57 -31.54 -27.97 -

0.17 -0.75 5.48 27.02 27.00 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

III.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

30.64 27.32 26.32 0.99 2.85 0.42 0.03 0.00 0.30 0.10 0.05 -

46.15 44.15 43.07 1.08 1.78 0.21 0.03 0.00 0.18 0.06 -

67.51 66.35 65.25 1.10 0.96 0.17 0.17 0.08 -

72.84 71.57 71.56 0.02 0.48 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.06 -

65.69 64.86 64.85 0.01 0.10 0.28 0.28 0.05 -

61.78 62.40 62.39 0.01 0.25 0.25 0.07 -

57.04 55.92 55.91 0.01 0.25 0.25 0.08 -

3.47 4.08 4.19 0.72 -3.84 -5.76 -1.23 5.52 0.90 -

0.79 0.88 0.97 -14.66 0.73 1.26 1.25 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

0.30 0.30 0.30 -

0.39 0.46 0.27 0.18 -

0.43 0.43 0.43 -

0.42 0.42 0.42 -

0.42 0.42 0.42 -

0.45 0.45 0.45 -

-

1.47 1.47 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.25

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

44.87 42.82 9.73 -

63.09 93.04 14.69 0.03

102.24 122.17 21.06 0.04

127.32 144.18 23.71 0.04

160.81 173.72 24.40 0.04

185.96 218.07 19.14 0.06

175.64 222.13 15.54 0.06

2.88 6.68 3.49 -

4.08 3.21 0.99 2.61

46.34 60.93 30.66 -

65.21 120.98 46.15 0.30

105.06 148.88 67.51 0.39

130.80 178.36 70.78 0.43

165.27 206.32 72.84 0.43

191.17 256.99 57.04 0.45

180.56 261.73 46.26 0.41

2.89 5.88 3.47 -

4.06 2.83 0.79 1.47

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

54.88 1.59 53.19 0.10

130.95 49.70 80.13 0.60 0.51

203.77 125.90 71.61 3.67 2.60

238.00 161.11 71.01 2.78 3.10

279.60 194.58 79.59 3.78 1.66

295.69 209.55 77.64 5.26 3.24

290.63 202.78 80.23 5.05 2.58

290.95 202.12 79.66 7.39 0.00 1.78

291.69 203.08 79.65 6.82 0.00 2.14

35.25 4.25 29.83 1.17

98.37 39.96 55.92 2.48

177.73 77.02 98.02 2.68

219.77 94.23 123.85 1.68

275.10 118.82 155.26 1.02

365.04 179.50 183.86 0.03 1.65

362.11 176.55 184.04 1.52

351.98 176.92 173.48 0.03 1.55

355.39 177.78 175.51 0.02 2.09

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

55041

134647

225169

267514

316615

334746

329632

334919

327752

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

52885 25299 11304 398 429 10406 11

76822 34717 19922 12166 258

74795 46414 16276 1830 334

74161 49405 10443 2738 405

82606 57315 13074 5718 352

80872 56124 11311 5340 152

83568 55136 11346 5957 82

83241 51517 11614 7196 132

83227 49927 13015 7743 509

420 2360 2244 x x 14

1527 41 42 1381 6761 x x 6

6488 209 315 x 2776 95 58

7628 x 3488 54

2384 44 x 3655 62

1101 54 457 x 6099 141 93

727 591 312 x 9077 30 310

631 1412 411 x 9205 151 904

666 417 312 x 8728 1911

2156 668 105 1 -

57824 28899 2701 0 3571 48

150374 65851 3089 4140 673

193353 82816 895 504 317

234009 103607 7213 0 549 108

253874 129558 6198 0 2716 -

246064 118369 2947 0 1822 69

251678 115828 5359 0 3518 0

244524 114458 9514 0 4755 453

513 157 149 x x 563

4676 78 1280 8773 3150 x x 150 4498

35495 103 19808 4243 x 5502 1037 10301

37145 45340 142 x 10631 21 15 2401 13124

11220 4297 74852 5799 x 17695 3489 5178

2192 5861 66839 2913 x 36346 814 436

5610 7014 67829 3416 x 36644 587 1755

3932 7238 70352 6712 x 37230 902 549

3394 4249 58961 5611 x 40853 1130 824

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.27

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

31085

58086

100712

127246

159566

188990

189185

178341

180431

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29188 374 32 x 1173 191 1319 22651 1330 x x 10 992 x 593 469 54

44287 1054 30 200 1917 25 1181 28822 4944 725 694 702 912 3081 -

74911 122 1833 776 3739 2619 2914 39861 10358 666 2279 1767 992 46 1451 5488 -

85006 49 1881 822 392 3895 1746 14 129 2527 45780 12457 588 5652 2470 1226 720 4451 207

82157 1034 446 76 2506 1160 55 1559 48934 15864 336 3342 1069 1486 909 3381 -

80248 759 407 3632 709 668 39972 20460 233 6696 1238 1318 1020 1245 1891 -

84688 710 349 3889 1345 870 42031 20226 8092 1403 374 929 1360 2028 1082 -

77623 655 419 52 2952 445 510 39391 18811 8366 1231 397 1155 1057 809 1132 241

73019 77 339 428 52 3517 588 396 37669 18586 7321 1256 305 1056 899 421 109 -

1897 164 981 32 675 45

13799 1291 560 2798 323 4895 2256 454 300 734

25569 4988 265 6273 10773 1554 595 1051

37808 3218 4330 7091 353 18039 46 2807 784 737

70912 4234 27500 5357 324 32450 603 299

107017 5615 43613 9797 43447 160 779 2781

101779 6363 38486 9394 77 44196 794 1825

97594 6278 38650 8783 40857 214 482 1897

101913 5761 40099 9138 44785 288 1762

-

188

70

403

145

825

644

433

80

-

-

232

4131

4515

20

-

-

1467

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

5533

45648

87804

107418

135474

204729

201305

201786

202761

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

4809 150 x 682 458 1489 x x 320 x 932 778

38304 129 120 1149 934 125 133 528 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

70501 428 1301 142 434 72 110 284 2623 428 47449 11455 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

85460 17 412 469 115 568 1165 141 57574 17970 4238 760 56 671 164 45 993 102

95691 309 66 516 66413 24840 3109 126 59 73 13 167

119488 1126 172 81226 35110 1332 269 61 107 30 55

129341 2600 82175 39172 5042 76 165 111

114658 2715 66 81903 27974 680 693 111 117 399

110418 1258 80512 28572 76 -

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

204 76 128

7344 158 2443 3046 47 33 1617

17303 1429 10034 2469 72 3299

21958 33 2121 14329 1461 4014

39664 20 15189 19553 610 4292

85022 43373 21835 7668 12146

70302 55 30561 20994 5837 12855

83976 44 41814 25936 3621 12561

89734 44 49070 23237 3804 13579

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

520

-

-

-

119

43

-

44

28

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.29

OECD EUROPE1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

3 000

100

2 500

80

2 000

60

1 500

40

1 000

20

500

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce) 800

1976

1981

Coal Nuclear

800

0 1971

1976

2018p

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4 000

100% 4 500

100%

3 500

90% 4 000

90%

80% 3 500

80%

70%

70%

3 000 2 500

60%

2 000

60%

2 500

50%

50% 40%

1 500

30%

1 000

20%

500 0 1971

3 000

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2 000

40%

1 500

30%

1 000

20%

500

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD EUROPE 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

579.5 97.9 -77.5 7.9

608.9 143.1 -75.1 -14.3

524.4 166.5 -58.2 8.0

311.6 187.6 -40.1 13.6

246.1 204.2 -31.8 11.1

199.2 196.5 -25.7 15.5

194.6 199.0 -21.8 4.5

192.6 191.8 -19.5 -2.3

-0.6 3.2 -1.7

-3.6 0.7 -3.6

Primary supply

607.7

662.6

640.7

472.8

429.6

385.6

376.3

362.6

0.3

-2.0

5.1

-7.4

-11.3

0.5

-2.5

-3.6

-1.8

..

Total transformation

-321.5

-411.9

-435.2

-372.1

-336.4

-303.2

-295.1

..

1.8

-1.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-279.3 -258.3 -21.1

-365.1 -305.8 -59.3

-395.1 -344.6 -50.5

-335.4 -315.5 -19.9

-304.2 -288.2 -16.0

-269.2 -254.2 -14.9

-260.7 -245.9 -14.7

.. .. ..

2.1 1.7 5.3

-1.5 -1.2 -4.5

11.5

2.5

2.4

0.1

-0.4

-0.5

-0.3

..

-8.9

-

-53.7 2.4 -38.6 -18.2 0.8

-49.4 1.6 -37.7 -14.0 0.7

-42.2 -1.5 -32.8 -8.6 0.7

-36.0 -0.2 -29.8 -6.2 0.2

-30.4 0.1 -26.1 -4.5 0.1

-31.7 0.0 -27.6 -4.1 0.0

-31.9 0.3 -27.9 -4.3 -0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.4 -1.0 -4.3 -1.0

-1.0 -0.6 -2.5 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-0.3

-0.7

-1.3

-1.8

-2.3

..

-

8.4

Energy ind. own use

-21.7

-18.5

-15.6

-11.8

-10.5

-9.5

-9.7

..

-1.9

-1.7

Losses Final consumption6

-5.2

-2.0

-1.2

-1.1

-1.6

-1.5

-1.3

..

264.4

222.7

177.4

88.3

78.6

67.8

68.4

..

-2.3

-3.5

130.3 52.7 14.3 14.3 4.2 44.9

112.2 42.8 12.9 16.3 3.4 36.8

100.0 38.0 11.3 19.7 3.8 27.2

65.2 26.3 4.4 13.1 2.3 19.1

44.4 19.2 4.6 11.9 1.7 7.0

40.7 16.9 5.3 10.5 1.8 6.2

41.6 18.0 5.3 10.0 1.8 6.5

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -1.9 -1.4 1.9 -0.5 -2.9

-3.2 -2.7 -2.7 -2.5 -2.8 -5.2

9.8

3.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-18.5

-10.1

119.9 22.0 89.2 8.7 4.4

103.8 24.4 72.0 7.4 3.1

74.6 19.9 50.4 4.2 2.5

21.2 2.8 16.4 2.0 1.9

32.0 8.1 21.9 2.0 2.2

24.4 6.6 16.2 1.6 2.6

24.3 6.7 16.0 1.6 2.5

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.8 -0.6 -3.3 -4.1 -3.3

-4.1 -3.9 -4.2 -3.6 0.0

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 663.1 887.2 1029.6 968.0 873.0 792.1 768.2 739.0 2.6 -1.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.31

OECD EUROPE 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1097.19 619.11 552.78 66.33 140.91 137.69 0.01 10.49 87.97 5.53 17.50 15.06 4.88 45.00 83.66 0.91

1156.91 766.19 697.54 68.65 111.31 107.93 4.92 3.50 83.22 7.43 16.34 21.18 4.22 34.05 67.71 0.63

817.58 647.08 627.82 19.26 12.99 73.13 9.05 1.35 48.46 4.61 6.33 12.83 2.33 22.37 25.29 0.38

750.54 588.33 573.94 14.39 13.08 63.92 11.28 1.57 31.93 4.03 5.67 12.07 1.53 8.62 35.47 0.45

717.52 571.35 561.51 9.84 13.88 58.97 15.02 1.42 28.33 3.67 6.22 9.55 1.55 7.33 26.98 0.65

685.16 537.95 527.41 10.54 13.39 57.30 15.10 1.40 28.87 4.32 6.06 9.40 1.62 7.48 27.39 0.73

682.95 535.44 525.07 10.37 12.97 57.25 15.91 1.32 29.64 4.66 6.46 8.94 1.64 7.94 27.17 0.65

0.44 1.79 1.96 0.29 -1.95 -2.01 77.58 -8.75 -0.46 2.49 -0.57 2.88 -1.21 -2.30 -1.75 -3.04

-1.93 -1.32 -1.05 -6.76 -7.65 -2.32 4.45 -3.56 -3.75 -1.71 -3.38 -3.14 -3.45 -5.25 -3.33 0.16

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

366.47 256.93 207.55 49.38 6.90 2.28 0.01 1.63 40.00 4.59 3.18 13.49 0.84 17.90 50.74 0.08

367.52 284.06 245.85 38.22 2.94 0.09 3.58 0.41 40.75 4.32 5.67 17.57 2.21 10.98 32.11 0.05

283.66 229.28 219.45 9.84 0.84 7.32 32.23 4.10 3.12 11.26 1.84 11.91 15.08 0.12

264.09 203.96 197.13 6.83 0.23 9.02 21.57 3.72 3.79 8.89 1.33 3.84 26.27 0.24

259.53 205.57 201.67 3.90 0.23 11.36 21.24 3.38 4.73 8.18 1.20 3.75 21.57 0.53

234.56 176.78 172.11 4.67 0.22 11.71 21.79 4.00 4.57 8.28 1.32 3.62 21.71 0.61

223.25 168.09 163.51 4.58 0.21 0.03 12.24 21.51 4.34 4.60 7.35 1.33 3.89 21.53 0.55

0.02 0.84 1.42 -2.11 -6.86 -23.82 72.95 -10.93 0.15 -0.51 4.94 2.22 8.39 -3.99 -3.74 -4.48

-1.83 -1.92 -1.50 -7.56 -9.36 -3.56 4.66 -2.34 0.02 -0.77 -3.18 -1.85 -3.77 -1.47 9.68

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

145.14 7.14 6.19 0.95 135.41 2.46 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 -

129.41 18.23 14.32 3.91 107.84 1.34 0.26 1.98 1.74 0.25 0.14 0.00

92.80 13.37 10.17 3.20 73.13 1.73 2.69 0.29 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

72.39 6.04 5.01 1.04 63.35 2.26 0.69 0.28 0.41 0.18 0.18

63.93 0.97 0.28 0.69 0.00 58.42 3.65 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.09

63.65 3.43 2.74 0.69 0.00 56.79 3.39 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.09

64.86 4.12 3.51 0.62 0.00 56.74 3.67 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.08

-0.95 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.88 -17.08 24.50 58.31 5.43 -5.56 -

-2.53 -5.36 -5.08 -6.61 -2.35 3.81 -6.66 -6.22 -15.29 14.80

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

III.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD EUROPE 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

585.58 355.04 339.04 16.00 134.01 6.40 47.82 0.93 14.32 1.57 4.04 26.97 32.65 0.83

659.98 463.90 437.37 26.53 108.37 2.83 40.48 1.37 10.67 3.61 2.01 22.82 35.46 0.58

441.11 404.42 398.20 6.22 12.15 1.35 13.54 0.22 3.21 1.56 0.49 8.07 10.12 0.02

414.07 378.32 371.80 6.52 12.85 0.57 1.57 9.67 0.03 1.89 3.18 0.21 4.37 9.02 0.03

394.06 364.81 359.56 5.24 13.65 0.55 0.00 1.42 6.81 0.02 1.49 1.37 0.35 3.59 5.41 0.02

386.95 357.74 352.55 5.19 13.17 0.51 0.00 1.40 6.78 0.02 1.49 1.12 0.30 3.86 5.67 0.03

394.84 363.23 358.05 5.18 12.76 0.48 1.32 7.82 0.02 1.86 1.59 0.30 4.05 5.64 0.03

1.00 2.25 2.14 4.30 -1.75 -6.57 -1.38 3.32 -2.42 7.19 -5.65 -1.38 0.69 -2.94

-1.88 -0.90 -0.74 -5.87 -7.62 -2.80 -5.91 -14.88 -6.27 -2.98 -6.78 -6.21 -6.59 -10.82

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

7.98 3.71 3.23 0.48 0.75 1.09 0.50 0.60 2.42 -

12.99 7.74 7.50 0.23 1.53 1.55 0.16 0.02 1.29 0.08 1.93 -

11.34 8.52 8.02 0.50 0.90 1.23 0.09 0.01 1.04 0.09 0.72 -

14.84 12.39 11.97 0.42 0.69 1.06 0.02 0.00 0.92 0.11 0.80 -

9.86 8.12 7.81 0.31 0.33 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.02 0.62 -

9.84 8.05 7.76 0.29 0.41 0.68 0.01 0.00 0.65 0.01 0.65 -

9.48 7.76 7.48 0.28 0.35 0.65 0.01 0.00 0.62 0.01 0.65 -

4.15 6.30 7.26 -5.88 6.10 2.96 8.24 -15.40 -1.87 -

-1.16 0.01 -0.01 0.72 -5.26 -3.19 -9.72 -6.34 -2.66 -7.38 -3.94 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

25.95 22.57 22.57 0.88 0.65 1.39 1.39 -

13.23 10.84 10.82 0.02 1.39 0.61 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.15

17.89 13.55 13.53 0.02 3.09 1.03 0.16 0.16 0.06

17.90 12.08 12.00 0.08 4.90 0.75 0.07 0.07 0.14

19.89 12.67 12.61 0.05 5.62 1.26 0.05 0.05 0.28

21.90 13.37 13.36 0.01 7.23 0.92 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.27

-

-0.63 -1.92 -1.92 8.12 1.29 -9.34 -22.71 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.33

OECD EUROPE 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

136.40 278.59 177.75 2.30 -

92.65 224.25 195.24 5.36 6.91

44.76 129.75 130.06 3.36 3.70

36.99 109.82 126.60 4.75 4.42

26.93 85.00 124.13 4.51 5.51

18.44 50.56 117.37 2.29 5.92

16.47 47.91 118.63 3.58 6.02

-3.17 -1.79 0.79 7.30 -

-5.80 -5.37 -1.87 -3.10 -0.57

141.07 347.05 585.45 8.05 -

93.45 283.08 650.13 15.89 22.49

45.21 163.72 434.47 10.38 11.73

37.30 139.62 437.20 14.39 14.59

27.18 108.04 411.83 13.68 17.93

18.48 65.74 394.10 7.11 21.63

16.49 62.26 398.27 10.91 21.97

-3.37 -1.68 0.88 5.83 -

-5.83 -5.26 -1.84 -2.93 -0.14

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

108.62 46.33 40.54 0.60 4.69 16.47

165.75 91.88 56.23 0.79 4.39 0.10 12.35

187.21 114.81 55.54 0.72 1.41 0.10 14.63

221.99 154.07 53.41 1.09 0.42 0.14 12.86

204.22 137.54 53.28 0.89 0.54 0.16 11.80

211.88 153.96 45.92 0.69 0.94 0.06 10.32

196.52 136.95 48.51 0.46 0.62 0.04 9.95

198.94 138.10 49.99 0.30 0.78 0.04 9.74

191.79 129.96 50.80 0.32 0.69 0.06 9.96

90.65 30.61 35.17 4.33 0.01 20.53

58.15 20.14 19.56 0.04 4.30 0.12 13.98

40.03 21.31 8.84 0.04 1.30 0.09 8.45

35.36 19.42 6.24 0.03 0.65 0.06 8.95

31.77 14.18 5.44 0.01 0.64 0.04 11.45

26.12 10.53 4.19 0.99 0.02 10.39

25.66 9.37 4.46 0.63 0.01 11.19

21.77 5.94 4.23 0.65 0.01 10.94

19.46 3.80 4.10 0.00 0.59 0.01 10.95

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD EUROPE 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

106042

168927

190571

231279

212357

224939

205813

211734

203384

40078 4497 294 909 10550 6190 79 8745 105

55366 10027 2797 774 3124 2567 52 28324 76

55126 21393 7002 3388 2 3057 16591 23

52622 20302 6724 3366 289 3246 6 13885 178

52499 17099 3690 3704 1 1823 1 21283 92

45518 16966 2360 2041 9 2898 14349 362

48264 21090 4119 2295 13 2420 11806 381

49736 17875 4257 1564 48 2584 0 14302 170

50492 17504 3902 1282 0 2818 15382 186

206 3005 x x 5498

1 24 44 157 2419 x x 4980

2 138 357 388 x 2327 26 379 53 -

279 193 295 x 2660 316 857 26

3 765 574 x 2663 80 179 37 505

426 242 10 x 4155 428 1273

6 265 212 194 x 3917 389 1157

64 422 362 201 x 5675 346 61 1736

32 847 72 173 x 6044 67 2181

53202 2955 816 243 6716 15647 2285 499 986

103540 8010 832 327 2092 12732 2436 19482 3419

132489 8850 12 2443 462 18264 589 4092 3497

177748 7229 807 1416 625 15435 266 2196 3000

158791 3504 859 2889 617 10622 302 11176 3757

177260 5287 1185 1515 424 5946 153 13604 2128

156262 6417 847 928 380 6133 206 9997 2207

160427 1759 219 580 318 4797 1485 14251 3567

151526 2029 192 592 332 2230 1185 16232 3391

21 10814 2863 x x 9357

2727 8549 149 25567 8629 x x 1469 7122

1756 19954 7308 40141 x 15599 839 3035 481 5168

1828 24013 14364 50111 x 49042 2558 1142 213 3504

285 33233 10150 17812 x 52786 2553 804 23 7419

105 49701 7595 17823 x 57587 1565 364 140 11955

49 47999 5467 10206 x 54651 1795 81 10 8762

72 43903 5509 9632 x 68696 1389 172 6 3878

47 39159 5807 6541 x 70544 1485 31 3 1643

12762

10021

2956

909

1068

2160

1286

1570

1366

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.35

OECD EUROPE 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

35537

19781

8809

6427

5491

4204

4531

4230

4088

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25095 1283 2383 x 6331 154 54 4005 804 x x 286 1426 125 122 5126 x 1826 387 18 89 573 103

11025 1351 858 203 1697 144 3 1017 573 52 3681 649 3 794 -

7168 1844 1 214 717 98 133 1010 4 323 53 538 1570 65 494 100 4 -

5936 1514 20 523 13 30 161 449 1 295 48 592 1909 99 212 70

5361 1312 16 720 16 152 502 733 1832 78 -

3987 824 1 1366 5 346 1 512 932 -

4240 955 1 1280 1 443 1 319 1240 -

3761 788 1602 0 188 2 259 921 -

3789 945 1628 221 3 0 172 820 -

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

2491 15 520 5 -

4676 1249 100 284 100 1249 -

1641 143 529 62 2 2 -

489 355 -

130 1

217 -

289 2 -

462 -

282 -

1951

1694

903

134

129

217

287

462

282

Non-specified/Other

7951

4080

-

2

-

-

2

1

16

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

III.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

OECD EUROPE 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

33590

22768

23544

22335

15763

11758

10332

6536

4117

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25347 275 2633 274 4161 x 4095 6035 3171 1 540 1530 x x 52 938 167 15 237 x 21 244 90 74 149 645

18328 1 1216 1002 2282 1385 2813 906 3532 18 745 600 61 3 1341 332 1 183 198 249 864 45 551 -

22633 1642 462 864 2382 3 1228 2097 8418 2 322 7 468 920 6 111 363 288 117 5 1217 12 422 172 20 1084 1

21824 2178 826 1 719 1087 654 1824 8764 73 261 11 596 5 258 2 37 651 323 123 437 721 10 41 195 8 66 1905 47

15208 1447 391 1 685 624 190 848 5093 159 605 1173 1 35 370 164 1406 245 449 3 38 310 25 218 728 -

10609 5 883 49 2 2 1257 286 1 85 372 3447 32 62 330 861 9 1 6 1070 89 566 21 522 19 72 191 6 69 293 -

8467 7 717 288 2 1526 233 2 103 228 2756 4 129 335 250 5 3 429 83 255 14 601 3 40 91 3 269 91 -

5790 730 106 1 1474 27 1 37 77 1576 0 160 233 47 4 3 0 59 90 230 13 717 4 76 35 3 6 79 -

3543 1 449 41 17 768 17 0 72 378 5 125 269 0 104 1 1 63 91 275 24 674 4 84 6 4 1 69 -

85 31 -

658 10 1 1 16 314 -

902 2 2 3 16 4

507 1 1 436 5

147 15 2 16 3

849 159 2 50 418 2

1641 539 3 74 527 11 3

543 8 2 34 42 4

375 9 3 4 102 26

54

316

875

64

111

218

484

453

231

8158

3782

9

4

408

294

184

194

179

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.37

IEA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 140 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 9 000

100%

8 000

90%

7 000

80%

100

70%

6 000 80

5 000

60

4 000

60% 50% 40%

3 000

40 20 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

30%

2 000

20%

1 000

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

1996

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

1 800

1 800

100%

1 600

1 600

90%

1 400

1 400

80%

1 200

1 200

1 000

1 000

800

800

600

600

400

400

20%

200

200

10%

70% 60% 50%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

10 000

8 000

6 000

2001

2006

2011

Other transformation Other use

100% 14 000

100%

90%

90%

12 000

80%

80%

70% 10 000

70%

60%

60%

8 000

50%

50% 40%

4 000

30%

6 000

40% 30%

4 000

20%

20%

2 000

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12 000

0 1971

30%

2 000 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

40%

III.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

IEA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1168.8 173.9 -158.7 20.7

1383.2 235.4 -214.9 -26.0

1527.5 308.6 -284.3 -20.4

1379.7 420.7 -300.1 56.7

1423.0 507.4 -404.7 14.1

1170.2 501.0 -465.3 54.6

1202.5 505.0 -482.5 12.9

1179.6 496.6 -498.7 21.1

1.6 3.4 3.5

-0.9 1.8 2.0

Primary supply

1204.7

1377.7

1531.4

1557.1

1539.8

1260.5

1237.9

1198.7

1.4

-0.8

21.1

-20.0

5.6

17.2

-10.8

-1.0

5.4

..

Total transformation

-753.2

-958.7

-1185.4

-1360.4

-1326.6

-1089.6

-1071.4

..

2.7

-0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-638.8 -617.7 -21.1

-849.0 -785.4 -63.6

-1078.1 -1008.1 -69.9

-1260.1 -1206.8 -53.3

-1234.2 -1185.4 -48.8

-993.4 -954.9 -38.5

-976.3 -942.0 -34.4

.. .. ..

3.1 2.9 7.3

-0.4 -0.3 -2.6

15.7

7.8

-0.6

-2.8

-3.1

-3.3

-3.1

..

-

6.3

-130.1 2.2 -93.5 -38.1 -0.8

-117.5 1.4 -79.8 -39.1 0.1

-106.5 -1.5 -79.0 -21.8 -4.1

-96.8 -0.2 -81.2 -14.6 -0.8

-87.9 0.1 -73.9 -14.1 0.1

-91.0 0.0 -74.8 -16.3 0.0

-89.8 0.3 -74.2 -15.8 -0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-1.2 -0.6 -1.0 -0.2 -3.2 -1.2 10.5 -18.3

Other transformation5

-

-

-0.3

-0.7

-1.3

-1.8

-2.3

..

-

8.4

Energy ind. own use

-35.0

-27.7

-26.0

-22.4

-23.5

-21.9

-21.9

..

-1.7

-0.6

Losses Final consumption6

-5.4

-2.3

-1.4

-1.1

-1.6

-1.5

-1.3

..

432.3

369.0

324.3

190.5

177.3

146.5

148.6

..

-1.7

-2.8

260.5 133.9 26.6 21.0 11.6 67.3

228.4 106.1 24.9 32.5 11.2 53.6

219.8 81.8 30.4 44.0 16.2 47.3

161.9 61.9 18.8 37.4 8.4 35.5

137.9 54.4 17.1 29.4 9.9 27.1

116.1 48.5 14.9 26.8 6.7 19.3

118.7 50.8 13.7 26.4 6.2 21.5

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.0 -2.9 0.8 4.4 2.0 -2.1

-2.3 -1.7 -2.9 -1.9 -3.5 -2.9

10.3

3.6

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.0

..

-17.3

-10.9

157.1 28.5 109.5 19.1 4.4

133.7 28.7 91.2 13.9 3.3

99.8 23.1 64.4 12.4 4.2

25.3 4.1 19.2 2.0 3.1

35.4 10.3 23.1 2.1 3.7

26.1 7.5 16.9 1.6 4.2

25.8 7.6 16.6 1.7 4.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.6 -1.2 -3.1 -2.5 -0.2

-4.9 -4.1 -4.9 -7.2 -0.1

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

1694.0 2317.5 3077.8 3739.2 3686.2 2985.9 2946.0 2808.1 3.6 -0.2 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances . 5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.39

IEA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1872.92 1136.48 1068.77 67.70 162.40 277.88 0.01 15.14 144.39 10.78 28.22 28.82 13.52 63.05 104.55 0.91

2278.27 1639.30 1556.00 83.30 133.90 236.06 10.33 9.13 165.39 11.78 34.15 47.65 17.88 53.92 81.72 1.21

2209.46 1836.23 1790.60 45.63 16.35 183.79 25.40 7.02 121.08 10.37 21.17 39.29 9.23 41.03 29.12 0.84

2209.87 1840.88 1797.25 43.62 15.42 170.27 32.38 7.14 101.02 10.77 17.92 31.64 10.93 29.77 38.05 0.64

1935.33 1604.80 1563.61 41.19 15.45 161.50 38.11 6.97 90.60 10.92 16.67 29.85 8.38 24.79 28.28 0.72

1837.44 1516.25 1485.16 31.08 14.65 157.48 37.86 6.81 85.05 11.23 15.54 28.01 7.41 22.87 28.40 0.80

1822.55 1501.48 1475.19 26.28 14.05 157.27 39.10 6.74 85.47 11.61 14.52 27.82 6.85 24.67 28.18 0.76

1.65 3.10 3.18 1.74 -1.60 -1.35 88.91 -4.12 1.14 0.74 1.60 4.28 2.36 -1.29 -2.03 2.41

-0.82 -0.32 -0.20 -4.18 -8.01 -1.49 5.05 -1.12 -2.42 -0.05 -3.12 -1.97 -3.49 -2.85 -3.87 -1.72

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

928.15 713.89 664.13 49.76 25.54 2.40 0.01 1.83 93.42 9.78 13.86 27.24 9.02 33.52 71.37 0.08

1233.04 1036.97 986.20 50.77 23.75 6.95 3.76 0.41 121.27 8.39 23.22 44.04 15.86 29.76 46.39 0.54

1414.18 1275.68 1241.82 33.86 3.24 12.18 9.71 102.81 9.56 17.71 37.72 8.65 29.17 18.74 0.45

1460.64 1317.33 1283.84 33.49 2.09 13.46 10.93 84.91 10.01 15.77 28.46 10.74 19.93 28.68 0.27

1227.84 1108.13 1072.89 35.24 1.70 15.56 12.12 77.90 9.07 14.79 28.47 8.05 17.52 22.80 0.53

1142.63 1028.37 1003.18 25.20 1.48 15.62 12.85 75.12 9.91 13.65 26.89 7.11 17.55 22.64 0.61

1123.63 1017.65 997.18 20.47 1.29 16.02 13.29 71.48 10.21 12.26 26.23 6.55 16.24 22.44 0.54

2.40 3.16 3.35 0.17 -0.60 9.24 73.63 -11.75 2.20 -1.27 4.39 4.08 4.82 -0.99 -3.53 17.45

-0.34 -0.07 0.04 -3.31 -10.24 3.14 4.79 -1.94 0.73 -2.34 -1.90 -3.22 -2.22 -2.65 0.04

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

292.81 7.14 6.19 0.95 275.47 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

256.55 18.23 14.32 3.91 229.11 6.57 0.26 2.28 2.04 0.25 0.14 0.00

205.66 13.37 10.17 3.20 171.61 15.69 2.99 0.59 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

188.04 6.04 5.01 1.04 156.25 21.45 4.97 0.73 0.00 4.24 0.20 0.18

173.53 0.97 0.28 0.69 0.00 145.39 25.99 4.35 1.83 2.52 0.00 0.09

173.07 3.43 2.74 0.69 0.00 141.36 25.00 1.80 1.30 0.50 0.00 0.09

176.30 4.12 3.51 0.62 0.00 140.77 25.80 5.02 1.39 3.63 0.00 0.08

-1.10 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.52 -23.92 19.89 32.43 2.90 -5.70 -

-1.38 -5.36 -5.08 -6.61 -1.79 5.20 2.96 -1.41 10.45 -18.57 14.80

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

III.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

IEA 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

651.97 415.45 398.45 16.99 136.86 6.40 50.71 0.93 14.35 1.57 4.51 29.36 32.90 0.83

788.68 584.10 555.48 28.62 110.15 8.47 41.83 1.35 10.93 3.61 2.03 23.91 35.19 0.67

589.62 547.17 538.60 8.57 13.11 0.00 7.02 15.29 0.22 3.46 1.56 0.58 9.47 10.28 0.16

561.20 517.51 508.41 9.10 13.33 0.57 7.14 11.14 0.03 2.14 3.18 0.19 5.60 9.17 0.19

533.96 495.69 490.43 5.25 13.75 0.55 0.00 6.97 8.36 0.02 1.88 1.37 0.33 4.76 5.48 0.10

521.74 484.44 479.25 5.20 13.17 0.51 0.00 6.81 8.13 0.02 1.89 1.12 0.29 4.81 5.76 0.10

522.62 479.70 474.51 5.19 12.76 0.48 6.74 8.98 0.02 2.26 1.59 0.30 4.80 5.74 0.13

1.60 2.88 2.81 4.44 -1.79 2.36 -1.59 3.17 -2.24 7.18 -6.45 -1.70 0.56 -1.78

-1.51 -0.73 -0.58 -6.13 -7.67 -0.84 -5.54 -14.82 -5.67 -2.99 -6.80 -5.77 -6.49 -5.88

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

7.98 3.71 3.23 0.48 0.75 1.09 0.50 0.60 2.42 -

12.59 7.55 7.36 0.19 1.38 1.54 0.16 0.01 1.29 0.08 1.89 -

11.05 8.30 7.81 0.49 0.88 1.22 0.09 0.00 1.04 0.09 0.71 -

14.80 12.38 11.96 0.42 0.69 1.05 0.02 0.00 0.92 0.11 0.78 -

9.84 8.12 7.81 0.31 0.32 0.75 0.01 0.71 0.02 0.61 -

9.81 8.04 7.75 0.29 0.40 0.67 0.01 0.00 0.65 0.01 0.64 -

9.43 7.73 7.45 0.28 0.35 0.64 0.01 0.00 0.62 0.01 0.64 -

3.88 6.09 7.09 -7.43 5.21 2.87 8.24 -15.40 -2.03 -

-1.07 0.09 0.05 1.47 -5.00 -3.18 -9.72 -7.41 -2.66 -7.91 -3.92 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

25.95 22.57 22.57 0.88 0.65 1.39 1.39 -

13.23 10.84 10.82 0.02 1.39 0.61 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.15

17.89 13.55 13.53 0.02 3.09 1.03 0.16 0.16 0.06

17.90 12.08 12.00 0.08 4.90 0.75 0.07 0.07 0.14

19.89 12.67 12.61 0.05 5.62 1.26 0.05 0.05 0.28

21.90 13.37 13.36 0.01 7.23 0.92 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.27

-

-0.63 -1.92 -1.92 8.12 1.29 -9.34 -22.71 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.41

IEA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

290.52 747.72 205.56 2.30 -

281.99 983.40 249.91 5.25 6.91

229.07 952.09 191.56 3.32 3.70

239.06 1005.24 189.65 4.72 4.42

281.43 945.91 185.65 4.49 5.51

296.97 727.23 170.14 2.28 5.92

290.56 718.07 161.42 3.56 6.02

-0.25 2.31 1.64 7.12 -

0.19 -1.11 -1.41 -3.04 -0.57

296.47 904.22 652.34 8.05 -

282.54 1199.69 780.02 15.58 22.49

234.94 1191.22 586.30 10.27 11.73

248.86 1271.39 591.36 14.31 14.59

293.27 1210.91 562.17 13.64 17.93

307.81 926.53 521.18 7.09 21.63

301.09 912.27 501.24 10.88 21.97

-0.40 2.38 1.50 5.66 -

0.32 -0.95 -1.48 -2.87 -0.14

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

185.59 58.79 99.59 0.60 4.69 21.91

307.93 147.49 140.80 1.26 4.39 0.10 13.88

420.31 255.16 134.70 7.23 1.45 0.10 21.67

501.23 339.35 131.74 9.26 0.48 0.14 20.25

507.43 344.98 138.66 7.50 0.57 0.16 15.55

521.23 366.02 130.67 8.36 0.98 0.06 15.15

501.01 343.83 133.37 8.46 0.66 0.04 14.66

504.99 345.55 134.48 10.63 0.83 0.04 13.46

496.63 336.51 135.19 9.93 0.73 0.06 14.22

176.68 44.50 105.43 4.38 0.01 22.37

284.26 101.37 161.25 0.04 4.32 0.12 17.16

300.02 123.71 161.70 0.77 1.33 0.08 12.43

321.54 126.50 177.21 4.42 0.82 0.06 12.53

404.65 153.57 231.99 4.40 0.79 0.04 13.86

479.97 211.35 251.05 3.62 1.05 0.02 12.88

465.33 201.91 247.16 1.93 0.68 0.01 13.65

482.49 213.26 249.37 5.44 0.69 0.01 13.71

498.65 222.33 256.59 4.94 0.63 0.01 14.14

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

IEA 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

178582

313923

442081

540994

553516

573368

549381

562158

551822

98987 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 25075 116

136906 44744 22841 774 3124 2567 52 44987 334

137560 68881 25327 3388 2 3057 22778 357

134358 70244 19132 3366 289 3246 6 21291 583

141113 74819 18510 3704 1 1823 1 30763 444

133693 74337 14669 2041 9 2898 24058 514

136609 76227 16170 2295 13 2420 21670 463

137988 69392 16523 1564 49 2584 0 25846 313

138645 67431 17535 1282 1 2818 27046 695

420 2566 5249 x x 5612

1528 65 86 1538 9180 x x 5085

6491 138 566 703 x 5169 26 471 148 58

7910 313 295 x 6148 316 857 362

2390 857 44 574 x 6318 80 179 37 567

1101 1169 699 10 x 10254 569 1366

733 1020 524 194 x 12994 419 1467

695 1833 773 201 x 14881 497 61 2640

698 1650 385 173 x 14772 67 4092

66833 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 986

167001 36931 4416 327 2092 12732 2428 32640 3467

301482 74852 3256 2435 456 18251 585 27351 4148

405598 95044 2018 1394 585 15484 288 16625 3331

411269 109877 8433 2880 601 10621 298 20260 3810

437429 137359 7495 1512 388 5946 155 21122 2069

411397 128294 3982 926 379 6132 208 15447 2153

422493 117588 5842 577 317 4797 1483 22593 3444

411731 116487 9722 590 332 2230 1186 25461 3847

534 11967 3012 x x 9976

7403 9923 1429 34340 9604 x x 1746 150 7374

37425 26975 27340 44445 x 20930 835 4939 1517 5611

39045 45706 61449 50323 x 59717 2672 5275 2699 3942

11558 49585 86296 21741 x 68112 2728 1353 3512 9603

2318 59264 74885 18239 x 91489 1618 431 953 12002

5673 60784 73493 12645 x 88862 1795 81 629 9784

4015 60990 76125 15212 x 102761 1389 172 908 4019

3469 54306 65195 12195 x 111254 1508 31 1133 2340

12762

10016

3039

1038

1135

2245

1375

1677

1447

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.43

IEA 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

107072

162292

167691

186472

243625

262979

258886

261643

269239

90313 1283 3860 5410 32 x 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 x x 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 x 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

122941 1351 7450 4018 492 50 330 8494 877 28 3 50 8734 55410 7852 3 5273 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

127587 122 1844 4551 3501 1088 214 1005 6619 3963 1075 48 4 56 7381 52798 15305 1406 4745 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 46 3954 8626 544

132649 49 1753 3429 4034 1235 523 1181 5535 4137 449 57 15 129 6494 54224 17954 1582 8055 18 592 1909 163 4598 1690 3599 7366 1879

140067 1724 2787 3091 661 720 754 4480 4040 542 59 55 4962 60323 23875 96 77 1338 8978 75 2882 2092 223 2522 1887 37 3902 6426 1459

128514 1202 1826 3886 684 1366 878 4758 3282 346 41 1 2796 50046 28414 769 11434 49 2557 1142 198 2453 1627 3859 4032 868

129072 1336 1742 3425 557 1280 928 5020 3458 443 18 1 2571 52094 28786 456 12352 58 2308 85 1240 374 2031 1622 4244 1938 705

127619 43 1305 1790 3761 685 1618 843 4292 3458 188 85 2852 50651 27712 917 12210 63 2935 77 1391 502 1967 1961 3366 2053 893

125820 1973 1297 4235 563 1747 1126 4740 2408 221 3 2452 49980 27629 57 621 13860 59 3261 75 870 420 1743 526 899 3098 1404 553

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

8808 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 919 69

30067 8867 860 3155 1009 5179 3915 1068 2129 963

36647 10695 265 7713 1211 10795 505 1825 781 1051

49389 8049 5286 8365 1414 19117 593 3184 1036 841

96923 12997 35708 6221 1366 34749 812 161 924 409

132321 12304 49181 10884 341 48734 544 129 1191 2835

126732 13451 44265 10645 257 49476 255 649 1014 1825

130067 13844 45886 10075 779 47503 406 1077 1050 2016

136328 14245 44942 10603 662 53944 276 1867 912 1902

2194

2922

1806

1504

3576

6178

4895

7431

6975

Non-specified/Other

7951

9284

3457

4133

4584

20

2

1

1484

World Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

IEA 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

49931

110906

138270

150191

179979

244156

231363

248157

256872

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 x 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 x x 52 1285 167 15 237 x 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

92931 2 1216 3309 10083 514 2282 5855 2813 3598 4041 33 2200 1058 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 394 1 1569 198 736 1040 74 15 1884 225

118579 1642 1319 13524 1349 864 2594 3 1228 3095 9012 112 322 7 1208 2623 1427 51874 13730 6 111 373 3556 16 362 117 348 1217 12 2308 255 20 110 3599 236

125620 2178 1254 13626 668 719 1153 654 2357 9012 73 261 11 1164 1170 409 58539 18719 2 37 4579 2240 56 323 121 580 721 10 712 430 8 178 3259 396

135026 105 1447 758 7246 1407 685 697 356 1994 6028 47 159 604 516 1785 68593 29033 33 1 35 4487 2196 59 164 1435 776 449 185 412 658 25 438 1960 253

154654 5 884 68 1520 1997 1257 327 85 454 5492 32 62 330 172 2133 83681 38496 9 6 4337 8996 61 104 566 147 522 19 197 221 6 152 2148 167

153624 7 719 395 1123 3209 1526 288 157 404 4430 4 129 335 565 84160 40370 1 3 7394 5902 76 91 255 14 601 3 429 91 3 441 200 299

147398 1 732 106 1034 3289 1474 436 37 831 3814 62 160 233 1 938 84841 33865 0 3 3282 6204 111 98 706 676 717 15 890 172 3 551 1634 481

145393 1 450 76 970 2046 768 237 13 465 2358 83 125 269 0 1373 84506 34407 1 1 4291 5891 76 85 917 526 674 5 1056 37 4 467 2737 478

384 11 76 32 82 129

12969 345 2551 6866 1 48 49 996 128 1622

19128 22 1440 10034 2 2469 828 89 3303

24408 726 2121 14332 1 1679 844 499 14 4020

44425 138 18127 19554 161 783 1060 119 4372

88723 173 43374 21999 160 9878 67 528 176 12149

75508 163 30810 21159 540 8271 74 821 208 12948

95833 263 42262 26756 1116 10462 34 1621 12744

107204 211 49403 23239 2943 14268 41 2204 135 14240

54

363

941

172

111

219

514

575

520

9050

5006

563

162

528

338

185

239

207

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.45

AUSTRALIA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

180

200

100%

160

180

90%

140

160

80%

140

70%

120

60%

100

50%

80

40%

60

30%

40

20%

20

10%

120 100 80 60 40 20

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

450

80

400

70

350

100% 90% 80%

60

300

70%

50

60%

250 40

50%

200

40%

30

150

30%

20

100

20%

10

50 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

250

Other transformation Other use

100%

90%

400

90%

80%

350

80% 70%

300

60%

250

50%

50% 40%

100

30% 20%

50

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

450

60% 150

2011

100%

70%

200

2006

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 300

0 1971

10%

200

40%

150

30%

100

20%

50

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

AUSTRALIA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

57.5 -25.2 -0.0

74.1 0.0 -39.7 4.6

151.6 -96.1 -5.6

235.1 e -173.5 7.1 e

32.3

39.0

49.8

68.8

0.0

0.0

0.2

-1.6 e

Total transformation

-24.8 e

-31.9 e

-43.1 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-19.7 -19.7 -

-28.8 -28.1 -0.7

-41.3 -40.4 -0.9

0.3

0.5

0.3

-5.4 e -0.2 -2.4 e -2.8 -

-3.6 e -0.2 -2.2 e -1.2 -

-2.0 e -0.1 -1.4 e -0.6 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

2010

2016

2017

352.2 0.1 -272.0 -8.2

417.2 0.2 -359.9 5.2

418.7 0.3 -349.6 -6.7

409.1 0.4 -352.7 3.6

5.9 8.2

3.8 4.9

72.1

62.8

62.7

60.4

2.6

0.9

0.2

0.4

-0.2

..

-60.8 e

-67.0 e

-58.5 e

-57.6 e

..

3.3

1.1

-58.8 e -58.2 e -0.7 e

-64.0 -63.9 -0.1

-56.9 -56.9 -

-56.0 -56.0 -

.. .. ..

4.4 4.3 -

1.1 1.2 -

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-0.4

-17.7

-2.0 e -0.0 e -1.7 e -0.3 -

-2.9 e -0.0 -1.6 e -1.3 -

-1.5 e -0.9 e -0.6 -

-1.6 e -1.0 e -0.7 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.6 -5.3 -3.3 -9.0 -

-0.8 -1.3 0.5 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.7

-0.5

Losses Final consumption6

-

-

-

-

-

7.4

6.4

6.5

6.0

3.6

7.0 3.1 e 0.4 0.9 0.3 2.3

5.8 2.9 e 0.4 0.8 0.3 1.5

6.1 2.3 e 0.4 0.8 0.3 2.3

5.8 1.8 0.3 0.7 0.3 2.7

3.5 0.4 e 0.2 0.7 0.1 2.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.4 0.1 0.3 -

0.6 0.3 0.3 -

0.3 0.2 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 e 0.0 e -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport

9

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

-0.5 e

e e e e

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.7

-1.3

-1.3

..

19.7

3.7

-

-

..

3.4

3.6

..

-0.8

-2.2

3.4 0.3 e 0.2 0.5 0.1 2.2

3.6 0.3 e 0.2 0.5 0.1 2.4

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-0.8 -1.8 0.2 -0.7 -0.4 0.1

-2.0 -6.7 -2.2 -1.4 -5.6 0.1

0.1

-

-

..

7.6

-

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.9 -9.7 2.7 -8.7 -6.8 -16.1 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 48.2 69.8 121.5 174.2 180.2 163.1 161.8 157.7 5.6 1.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.47

AUSTRALIA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

61.93 48.20 46.85 1.35 2.85 7.22 0.04 3.48 0.37 0.15 0.88 0.54 1.54 0.25 -

95.29 82.33 80.82 1.52 1.78 5.93 4.92 0.34 0.16 0.98 0.35 3.10 0.15 -

128.12 117.44 e 116.16 e 1.28 e 0.96 e 4.80 4.69 0.10 e 0.09 0.79 e 0.33 3.39 e 0.04 -

134.04 123.22 123.22 0.48 5.11 0.63 e 3.86 0.09 e 0.23 0.96 0.20 2.38 e 0.02 -

117.18 109.00 109.00 0.10 3.95 0.05 e 3.67 0.05 e 0.25 0.75 0.14 2.47 e 0.02 -

116.79 110.04 110.04 3.69 0.07 e 3.92 0.03 e 0.22 0.70 0.14 2.82 e 0.02 -

113.97 105.29 105.29 3.77 0.07 e 4.03 0.02 e 0.23 0.72 0.10 2.97 e 0.04 -

3.66 4.56 4.65 0.95 -3.84 -1.62 2.93 -0.73 0.11 0.85 -3.62 6.04 -4.05 -

0.67 0.91 0.98 -1.66 -0.73 -9.92 1.43 -1.14 -4.48 -0.17 -4.62 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

24.24 20.89 20.53 0.36 0.04 3.17 0.37 0.15 0.88 0.28 1.49 0.25 -

43.37 38.20 37.75 0.45 4.85 0.34 0.13 0.97 0.35 3.06 0.15 -

56.03 51.10 e 50.91 e 0.19 e 4.69 0.10 e 0.09 0.79 e 0.33 3.39 e 0.04 -

56.38 51.66 51.66 0.63 e 3.85 0.09 e 0.23 0.95 0.20 2.38 e 0.02 -

47.87 44.16 44.16 0.05 e 3.66 0.05 e 0.25 0.75 0.14 2.47 e 0.00 -

51.63 47.65 47.65 0.07 e 3.91 0.03 e 0.22 0.70 0.14 2.82 e 0.00 -

53.48 49.38 49.38 0.07 e 4.03 0.02 e 0.23 0.72 0.10 2.96 e 0.00 -

4.97 5.16 5.21 1.82 3.59 -0.73 -1.34 0.83 1.89 6.15 -3.93 -

0.78 0.96 1.00 -0.68 -9.92 2.09 -1.13 -4.48 -0.12 -12.65 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

7.22 7.22 -

5.93 5.93 -

4.80 4.80 -

5.11 5.11 -

3.95 3.95 -

3.69 3.69 -

3.77 3.77 -

-1.62 -1.62 -

-1.66 -1.66 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

AUSTRALIA 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

30.47 27.32 26.32 0.99 2.85 0.31 0.26 0.04 0.00 -

45.99 44.14 43.07 1.07 1.78 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.05 -

67.29 66.34 e 65.25 e 1.09 e 0.96 e -

72.55 71.56 71.56 0.48 0.00 0.00 -

65.36 64.85 64.85 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 -

61.47 62.39 62.39 0.01 0.01 0.02 -

56.72 55.91 55.91 0.01 0.01 0.04 -

3.49 4.08 4.19 0.62 -3.84 -11.23 0.96 -

0.78 0.88 0.97 -9.45 -7.89 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.49

AUSTRALIA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

36.14 22.71 9.64 -

62.50 74.47 14.61 -

37.67 30.88 30.47 -

64.63 93.94 45.99 -

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

100.89 113.27 e 20.95 -

124.82 139.56 23.59 -

158.44 169.54 24.26 -

184.76 214.99 18.97 -

174.41 219.31 15.37 -

4.67 10.40 3.52 -

4.10 4.00 0.97 -

103.75 135.68 e 67.29 -

128.36 171.70 70.53 -

162.93 200.40 72.55 -

190.00 252.75 56.72 -

179.35 257.83 45.96 -

4.60 9.72 3.49 -

4.07 3.73 0.78 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.01 0.01 -

-

-

0.02 0.02

0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01

0.24 0.02 0.10 0.12

0.23 0.01 0.02 0.20

0.27 0.06 0.04 0.17

0.43 0.20 0.02 0.22

34.17 4.24 29.77 0.16

96.10 39.96 55.58 0.55

173.47 77.02 96.43 0.02

215.70 94.23 121.47 c

271.99 118.70 152.93 0.35

362.86 179.49 182.49 0.87

359.86 176.55 182.82 0.49

349.56 176.92 172.32 0.32

352.71 177.75 174.30 0.65

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

AUSTRALIA 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

31029

57750

99161

124915

157265

187664

187998

177199

179243

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29177 374 32 x 1173 191 1319 22640 1330 x x 10 992 x 593 469 54

44002 1054 200 1917 25 1181 28579 4944 713 694 702 912 3081 -

73658 1833 463 3739 2619 2914 39174 10358 666 2194 1767 992 1451 5488 -

83834 1881 555 392 3895 1746 14 129 2527 44962 12457 588 5652 2470 1226 720 4451 169

81628 1034 389 76 2506 1160 55 1559 48462 15864 336 3342 1069 1486 909 3381 -

79990 759 296 3632 709 668 39825 20460 233 6696 1238 1318 1020 1245 1891 -

84562 710 349 3889 1345 870 41905 20226 8092 1403 374 929 1360 2028 1082 -

77314 655 348 52 2952 445 510 39217 18747 8366 1231 397 1155 1057 809 1132 241

72496 77 339 428 52 3517 588 396 37473 18259 7321 1256 305 1056 899 421 109 -

1852 164 981 32 675 -

13748 1291 560 2798 323 4844 2256 454 300 734

25293 4988 174 6273 10588 1554 595 1051

36950 3094 4193 7091 353 17442 46 2807 784 737

69621 4234 27282 5357 324 31377 603 299

105949 5615 43392 9797 42600 160 779 2781

100803 6363 37953 9394 77 43753 794 1825

96761 6278 38403 8783 40271 214 482 1897

101343 5761 39948 9138 44366 288 1762

-

188

70

403

145

825

644

433

80

-

-

210

4131

4210

20

-

-

1372

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.51

AUSTRALIA 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

5522

45646

87801

107415

135352

204684

201303

201739

202702

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

4809 150 x 682 458 1489 x x 320 x 932 778

38304 129 120 1149 934 125 133 528 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

70498 428 1301 142 434 72 110 284 2623 428 47449 11452 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

85460 17 412 469 115 568 1165 141 57574 17970 4238 760 56 671 164 45 993 102

95691 309 66 516 66413 24840 3109 126 59 73 13 167

119488 1126 172 81226 35110 1332 269 61 107 30 55

129341 2600 82175 39172 5042 76 165 111

114658 2715 66 81903 27974 680 693 111 117 399

110390 1258 80512 28544 76 -

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

193 76 117

7342 158 2443 3046 47 33 1615

17303 1429 10034 2469 72 3299

21955 33 2121 14329 1461 4011

39661 20 15189 19553 610 4289

85020 43373 21835 7668 12144

70300 55 30561 20994 5837 12853

83973 44 41814 25936 3621 12558

89730 44 49070 23237 3804 13575

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

III.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

AUSTRIA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

60

100

50

80

40

60

30

40

20

20

10

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0 1971

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

70

2006

2011

Other transformation Other use

70

100% 90%

60

80%

60

70%

50

60%

40

80% 50

70% 60%

40

50%

50% 40%

30

30%

20

30

40% 30%

20

20%

20%

10

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

0 1971

1976

10 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

10%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.53

AUSTRIA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

1.5 4.4 -0.1 -0.2

1.2 4.0 -0.0 0.0

0.9 4.5 -0.0 0.4

0.4 4.4 -0.1 0.4

0.0 4.8 -0.0 -0.0

4.1 -0.0 0.2

4.4 -0.1 0.0

3.9 -0.1 0.1

-2.7 0.2 -17.3

-0.1 10.7

0.3

-1.0

Primary supply

5.5

5.2

5.9

5.1

4.8

4.2

4.4

3.9

Statistical differences

0.0

0.0

-0.0

-0.1

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

Total transformation

-1.8 e

-2.2 e

-3.3 e

-3.1 e

-3.3

-3.0

-3.1

..

3.7

-0.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.0 -1.6 -0.4

-2.0 -1.4 -0.6

-1.2 -0.6 -0.6

-1.2 -0.5 -0.7

.. .. ..

4.0 4.2 3.3

-2.5 -5.2 2.9

0.5

-0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-15.7

-

-1.3 -1.2 -0.1 -

-1.7 -1.6 -0.1 -

-1.9 -1.8 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.0 -2.0 3.5 -

2.8 3.4 -2.8 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-1.1 e 0.1 -1.0 e -0.1 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-1.1 e -1.0 e -0.1 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.3

-0.1

-0.5

-0.7

-0.8

-0.6

-0.6

..

4.2

0.6

Losses Final consumption6

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

3.4

2.8

2.0

1.3

0.7

0.6

0.6

..

-2.9

-4.2

1.1 0.7 e 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2

1.3 1.1 e 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

1.0 0.7 e 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.9 0.5 e 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-0.5 -0.7 7.5 4.4 -13.0

-2.0 -2.3 -3.9 1.2 -

Transport9

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-21.1

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

2.1 0.1 2.0 0.0 0.0

1.5 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

-4.3 -12.5 -3.0 -4.4 -12.4 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 3.2 2.9 7.0 6.7 6.7 4.0 3.9 3.6 4.7 -2.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

AUSTRIA (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

5.37 2.03 1.99 0.04 2.01 0.03 0.24 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.15 0.04 0.96 -

6.66 3.55 3.45 0.10 2.34 0.36 0.01 0.21 0.14 0.00 0.41 0.00

5.11 2.65 2.56 0.09 1.88 0.42 0.06 0.21 0.15 0.12 0.00

3.84 1.58 1.54 0.04 1.84 0.14 0.27 0.00 0.02 0.16 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00

3.71 0.97 0.93 0.04 1.73 0.75 0.25 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.53 0.68 0.63 0.04 1.82 0.81 0.23 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00

3.45 0.58 0.54 0.04 1.76 0.84 0.25 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.00

1.82 4.79 4.70 8.34 1.28 3.20 11.00 18.28 -0.93 -16.54 -6.93 -

-2.41 -6.49 -6.65 -3.27 -1.04 -1.23 6.56 -2.83 -0.47 -14.79 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.37 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 -

1.82 1.42 1.37 0.05 0.21 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.19 0.00

1.89 1.42 1.36 0.06 0.35 0.06 0.21 0.09 0.08 0.00

1.97 1.58 1.54 0.04 0.14 0.24 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00

1.96 0.97 0.93 0.04 0.75 0.24 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.71 0.68 0.63 0.04 0.81 0.22 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.67 0.58 0.54 0.04 0.84 0.25 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00

14.21 83.11 82.59 15.22 21.10 -4.29 -

-0.32 -3.26 -3.40 -0.54 0.63 6.56 -2.97 16.34 -13.23 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2.01 2.01 -

2.34 2.34 -

1.88 1.88 -

1.84 1.84 -

1.73 1.73 -

1.82 1.82 -

1.76 1.76 -

1.28 1.28 -

-1.04 -1.04 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.55

AUSTRIA (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

2.99 2.03 1.99 0.04 0.03 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.03 0.64 -

2.50 2.13 2.08 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.22 -

1.34 1.23 1.19 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.05 -

0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

-1.47 0.43 0.37 2.75 -2.72 2.69 -1.05 -15.69 -8.63 -

-18.55 -10.04 -0.94 -17.25 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

III.56 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

AUSTRIA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

1.35 -

0.91 0.00 -

0.42 0.00 -

0.00 -

0.00 -

-

-

-3.25 -

-

3.08 -

2.45 0.00 -

1.25 0.00 -

0.00 -

0.00 -

-

-

-1.88 -

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

3.57 0.30 1.99 0.11 1.17

4.54 1.18 2.36 0.01 0.99

4.38 1.60 1.72 0.03 0.01 1.03

5.78 2.24 2.05 0.05 0.02 1.42

4.83 1.60 1.90 0.05 0.02 1.27

4.02 1.30 1.71 0.06 0.00 0.95

4.12 1.45 1.78 0.05 0.00 0.84

4.44 1.72 1.74 0.05 0.00 0.93

3.90 1.25 1.75 0.06 0.00 0.84

0.06 0.00 0.06

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.06 0.06

0.02 0.00 0.02

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.06

0.05 0.00 0.05

0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05

0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.57

AUSTRIA 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

2553

3645

3463

4437

3748

3120

3413

3657

3168

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2006 662 205 470 -

2376 746 566 456 -

1738 1187 551 -

2063 992 9 519 501 -

1907 986 366 540 -

1689 180 566 251 641 -

1797 416 567 346 468 -

1751 410 399 407 523 -

1760 190 309 593 507 -

669 x x -

608 x x -

x -

x 31 11 -

15 x -

x 51

x -

x 11

x 15 146

301 8 260 -

1233 29 1189 9

1709 307 44 1358 -

2326 923 76 1310 1

1795 837 73 227 540 1

1420 424 85 617 3 4

1605 445 123 738 0 26

1895 201 138 1196 135

1402 240 101 764 1 59

33 x x -

6 x x -

x -

1 x 0 15 0 -

0 0 x 97 1 20 -

x 287 -

x 273 -

0 x 224 -

21 x 194 21

246

36

16

48

46

11

10

10

6

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

III.58 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

BELGIUM1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 140 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 90

100%

80

90%

70

80%

100

70%

60 80

50

60

40

60% 50% 40%

30

40 20

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

20%

10

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

20

20

100%

18

18

90%

16

16

80%

14

14

70%

12

12

60%

10

10

50%

8

8

40%

6

6

30%

4

4

20%

2

2

10%

0 1971

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

100%

90

90%

80

80%

70

70%

60

60%

50

50%

40

40%

30

30%

20

20%

10

10% 1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

1986

1991

1996

2001

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1981

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100

0 1971

1976

140

100% 90%

120

80% 100

70% 60%

80

50% 60

40% 30%

40

20% 20 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

30%

20

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.59

BELGIUM 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.2 7.6 -1.1 0.3

6.7 11.5 -1.2 -0.7

1.7 15.3 -1.6 -0.3

0.3 12.0 -1.6 0.7

0.0 6.3 -1.0 0.1

0.0 4.4 -0.1 0.2

0.0 4.3 -0.1 0.2

0.0 4.7 -0.1 -0.2

-9.5 4.2 2.2

-16.6 -4.6 -9.7

Primary supply

16.0

16.3

15.1

11.5

5.4

4.5

4.4

4.4

-0.3

-4.4

1.5

-0.4

-0.0

-0.6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

.. -5.4

Statistical differences Total transformation

-8.2

-9.1 e

-9.4 e

-6.6 e

-3.2 e

-2.2 e

-2.1 e

..

0.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-3.9 -3.9 -

-5.5 -4.8 -0.7

-6.5 -6.0 -0.5

-4.6 -4.5 -0.1

-1.9 -1.8 -0.1

-0.8 -0.8 -0.0

-0.7 -0.7 -0.0

.. .. ..

3.0 -8.0 2.5 -7.8 - -13.1

Gas works

-0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

Coal transformation4

-4.2 -3.8 -0.6 0.1

-3.6 e -2.9 e -0.8 0.0

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-2.9 e -2.3 e -0.5 0.0 e

-1.9 e -2.0 e 0.1 0.0

-1.4 e -1.3 e -0.1 -

-1.4 e -1.4 e -0.0 -

-1.4 e -1.4 e -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-2.3 -2.5 -2.7 -1.8 -0.6 -16.6 -34.9 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.1

-0.8

-0.7

-0.3

-0.5

-0.4

-0.4

..

-2.6

-2.3

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

..

8.2

6.0

5.1

4.0

1.7

2.0

1.9

..

-2.8

-3.5

5.1 3.5 0.1 1.0 0.4

4.6 2.9 e 0.1 1.5 0.0 0.2

4.3 2.9 e 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.3

3.5 2.8 e 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2

1.2 0.7 e 0.4 0.0 0.1

1.5 0.9 e 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1

1.4 0.9 e 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.0 -4.0 -1.1 -4.3 2.2 -10.1 -1.0 -2.4 -2.0 -5.7

Transport9

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

3.1 0.0 3.1 -

1.5 0.0 1.5 -

0.7 0.7 -

0.3 0.3 0.2

0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

-8.0 -8.0 -

-6.4 -6.8 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 8.8 15.6 19.9 16.0 6.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 4.9 -7.5 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

BELGIUM (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

16.28 4.64 4.36 0.28 0.12 7.22 2.66 0.17 0.03 2.44 0.02 1.63 -

16.43 6.64 6.34 0.30 0.00 e 7.16 0.41 e 1.64 0.10 e 0.14 1.14 0.05 0.22 e 0.70 -

11.05 4.32 4.31 0.01 0.01 3.86 0.98 e 0.98 0.48 e 0.36 0.04 0.10 e 0.30 -

5.68 1.49 1.47 0.02 2.59 0.79 e 0.50 0.14 e 0.24 0.04 0.08 e 0.20 -

4.18 0.78 0.76 0.02 1.67 1.01 e 0.58 0.26 e 0.24 0.04 0.04 e 0.13 -

3.71 0.13 0.11 0.01 1.64 1.15 e 0.65 0.36 e 0.22 0.04 0.04 e 0.13 -

3.57 0.01 0.01 1.61 1.17 e 0.65 0.34 e 0.23 0.04 0.04 e 0.12 -

0.07 3.03 3.17 0.55 -32.76 -0.07 -3.94 -4.36 13.74 -6.12 20.19 -6.77 -

-5.49 -20.62 -10.93 -5.38 3.91 -3.38 4.68 -5.74 -0.87 -6.17 -6.23 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

8.76 4.44 4.18 0.26 0.12 0.03 2.66 0.17 0.03 2.44 0.02 1.63 -

9.00 6.64 6.34 0.30 0.00 e 0.41 e 1.37 0.10 e 0.14 0.87 0.05 0.22 e 0.70 -

7.00 4.32 4.31 0.01 0.01 0.98 e 0.98 0.48 e 0.36 0.04 0.10 e 0.30 -

3.06 1.49 1.47 0.02 0.79 e 0.50 0.14 e 0.24 0.04 0.08 e 0.20 -

2.50 0.78 0.76 0.02 1.01 e 0.58 0.26 e 0.24 0.04 0.04 e 0.13 -

2.07 0.13 0.11 0.01 1.15 e 0.65 0.36 e 0.22 0.04 0.04 e 0.13 -

1.96 0.01 0.01 1.17 e 0.65 0.34 e 0.23 0.04 0.04 e 0.12 -

0.22 3.41 3.53 1.22 -32.76 -5.39 -4.36 13.74 -8.25 20.19 -6.77 -

-5.49 -20.62 -10.93 3.91 -2.72 4.68 -4.77 -0.87 -6.17 -6.23 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

7.52 0.20 0.18 0.02 7.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

7.16 7.16 -

4.05 3.86 -

2.63 2.59 -

1.68 1.67 -

1.64 1.64 -

1.62 1.61 -

-0.42 -0.03 -

-5.36 -5.38 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.61

BELGIUM 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

0.28 0.28 0.28 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

BELGIUM 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

3.81 3.19 -

1.69 -

0.29 -

0.08 -

0.01 -

0.01 -

0.05 -

-5.18 -

-16.59 -

3.81 4.90 -

2.36 -

0.38 -

0.11 -

0.02 -

0.02 -

0.06 -

-5.92 -

-16.82 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

7.72 3.51 3.49 0.71

15.33 7.24 7.13 0.08 0.88

12.04 6.84 3.82 1.38

8.59 4.61 3.53 0.45

6.27 3.04 2.80 0.43

4.73 2.33 1.64 0.76

4.35 2.09 1.43 0.84

4.30 1.87 1.58 0.85

4.70 2.22 1.63 0.00 0.84

0.47 0.12 0.10 0.24

1.60 0.65 0.03 0.92

1.59 1.16 0.09 0.04 0.30

1.10 1.02 0.03 0.02 0.03

0.99 0.47 0.06 0.46

0.09 0.07 0.01

0.07 0.06 0.01

0.10 0.08 0.00 0.02

0.08 0.05 0.00 0.03

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.63

BELGIUM 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

7007

15037

11347

8804

6275

4088

3536

3442

3847

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3490 209 148 59 1751 392 22 833 15

7132 1015 236 690 105 32 4897 -

3818 1109 678 74 1898 -

3533 2003 227 1303 -

2801 1149 1562 90

1694 1055 589 -

1477 876 542 -

1631 900 683 -

1680 887 725 -

15 46 x x -

157 x x -

59 x -

x -

x -

x 50 -

x 59 -

x 47 -

x 68 -

3517 26 2316 105 129 72

7629 388 66 721 242 67 981 60

7529 2354 12 118 225 76 309 48

5271 947 43 155 436 62 411 29

3474 200 19 145 23 46 636 58

2394 370 76 25 320 10

2059 400 73 22 51 19

1811 365 73 33 18 25

2167 302 98 37 38 3

606 233 x x 30

292 170 6 4365 234 x x 1 36

167 431 11 3028 x 705 19 3 23 -

58 5 2081 x 944 98 2

166 1120 x 125 936

117 169 x 1221 33 53

166 x 1271 22 35

29 76 x 1150 44

24 198 x 1467 -

-

276

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

III.64 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

BELGIUM 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

122

724

1340

1199

545

79

66

88

54

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

122 x 61 1 x x 21 1 13 6 x 18 1 -

724 1 360 67 5 61 179 4 43 4 -

1340 2 609 495 7 40 136 6 15 15 15 -

1199 377 334 2 37 423 17 7 2 -

535 257 159 32 6 81 -

78 25 42 6 4 1 -

65 17 32 3 13 -

86 15 63 0 3 5 0 0 -

54 18 23 1 5 0 2 6 -

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

-

10

1

1

1

0

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.65

CANADA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

160

500

100%

140

450

90%

400

80%

350

70%

120 100

300

60%

80

250

50%

60

200

40%

150

30%

100

20%

50

10%

40 20

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

50 40 30 20 10

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1991

1996

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

50

100%

45

90%

40

80%

35

70%

30

60%

25

50%

20

40%

15

30%

10

20%

5

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

100%

Other transformation Other use

600

100% 90%

90%

600

80% 500

70%

500

80% 70%

400

60%

60%

400

50% 300

300

50% 40%

40% 30%

200

20% 100

200

30% 20%

100

10%

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

0 1971

1986

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

60

1976

1981

Coal Nuclear

70

0 1971

1976

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.66 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CANADA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

16.7 15.0 -10.9 1.0

28.9 14.8 -14.9 0.5

54.2 13.6 -30.6 -2.5

49.2 21.5 -27.5 2.0

48.5 11.4 -28.8 1.1

42.9 6.5 -25.8 0.7

43.6 7.4 -26.4 -0.3

39.6 7.1 -25.3 -0.2

7.2 -0.5 6.3

-0.8 -2.2 -0.5

21.8

29.4

34.7

45.2

32.1

24.2

24.3

21.2

2.8

-1.3

0.5

1.1

0.4

0.2

1.4

1.1

0.4

..

Total transformation

-14.5 e

-24.3 e

-30.3 e

-40.1 e

-29.0 e

-21.9 e

-20.9 e

..

4.4

-1.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-11.9 -11.9 -

-21.5 -21.4 -0.0

-28.5 -28.5 -0.0

-38.5 -38.4 -0.1

-27.3 -27.3 -0.0

-20.7 -20.7 -0.0

-19.7 -19.7 -0.0

.. .. ..

5.3 5.3 -

-1.4 -1.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -1.2 -6.2 -

-1.6 -1.2 -6.3 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-2.7 e -1.9 e -0.7 -

-2.8 e -2.1 e -0.7 -

-1.8 e -1.5 e -0.3 -

-1.6 e -1.4 e -0.2 -

-1.7 e -1.2 e -0.5 -

-1.2 e -1.1 e -0.1 -

-1.2 e -1.1 e -0.0 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

..

2.6

-

Losses Final consumption6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

7.7

6.2

4.6

5.1

4.5

3.5

3.8

..

-3.0

-0.7

7.0 3.9 e 0.7 0.3 2.2

5.9 4.1 e 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.1

4.0 2.6 e 0.5 0.1 0.8

4.7 2.8 e 0.8 0.1 1.0

4.3 2.4 0.7 1.2

3.4 2.3 e 0.5 0.6

3.7 2.4 e 0.5 0.7

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -2.4 -1.2 -4.4 -5.6

-0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

0.6 0.0 0.6 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-11.4 -11.9 -

-6.8 -6.5 -5.0

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 34.9 59.8 82.2 117.6 79.5 62.1 59.8 50.8 5.2 -1.2 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.67

CANADA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

31.46 22.91 22.90 0.01 6.98 1.70 0.07 0.26 0.36 0.45 0.56 0.29 -

49.15 42.15 42.14 0.02 5.00 1.69 0.30 0.68 0.19 0.52 0.10 0.35

62.97 55.83 55.82 0.01 4.23 2.20 0.30 1.03 0.13 0.74 0.09 0.47

48.48 43.75 43.75 3.87 2.41 0.30 0.88 1.23 0.09 0.19

39.50 36.05 36.05 2.94 2.02 0.30 0.68 1.04 0.02 0.08

37.11 34.37 34.37 2.83 1.62 0.30 0.58 0.74 0.02 0.08

36.47 33.22 33.22 2.87 1.77 0.30 0.63 0.84 0.02 0.11

3.79 5.21 5.21 2.12 -2.74 -0.04 12.89 5.40 -6.88 -0.66 -8.54 -

-1.10 -0.88 -0.88 -2.03 0.16 0.00 -0.33 1.82 -5.30 -4.34

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

19.71 18.31 18.30 0.01 1.42 0.07 0.26 0.36 0.28 0.45 0.18 -

34.77 33.07 33.05 0.02 1.22 0.68 0.09 0.44 0.09 0.26

47.30 44.97 44.97 0.01 1.74 1.03 0.03 0.67 0.05 0.33

34.55 33.64 33.64 1.83 c 0.88 0.95 0.03

27.72 27.21 27.21 1.44 0.68 0.77 0.00

26.02 25.51 25.51 1.12 0.58 0.54 0.00

24.98 24.38 24.38 1.27 0.63 0.64 0.00

4.84 5.05 5.05 2.12 -1.27 5.40 -8.64 -0.17 -5.61 -

-1.22 -1.12 -1.12 0.15 -0.33 1.40 -18.60

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

6.78 6.98 -

5.02 5.00 0.30 0.30 -

4.46 4.23 0.30 0.30 -

4.24 3.87 0.30 0.30 -

2.74 2.94 0.30 0.30 -

2.38 2.83 0.30 0.30 -

2.06 2.87 0.30 0.30 -

-2.46 -2.74 -

-3.25 -2.03 0.00 0.00 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.68 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CANADA (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

4.98 4.60 4.60 0.28 0.17 0.11 0.11 -

9.36 9.08 9.08 0.17 0.10 0.08 0.01 0.09

11.21 10.86 10.86 0.16 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.14

9.69 10.10 10.10 0.28 0.28 0.09 0.16

9.04 8.85 8.85 0.28 0.28 0.02 0.08

8.71 8.86 8.86 0.20 0.20 0.02 0.08

9.44 8.85 8.85 0.20 0.20 0.02 0.10

5.40 5.83 5.83 -3.97 -4.60 -3.07 -18.83 -

0.03 -0.10 -0.10 0.54 3.66 3.54 0.58

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.69

CANADA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

13.39 8.55 2.52 -

27.17 22.44 4.57 -

23.92 19.79 5.44 -

26.04 18.05 e 5.27 e -

23.80 19.78 4.91 -

23.78 15.35 4.48 -

23.14 12.80 3.70 -

6.07 8.37 5.10 -

-0.49 -1.40 -0.08 -

13.78 11.64 5.07 -

27.66 31.27 9.41 -

28.16 29.81 11.19 -

30.80 28.22 e 11.02 e -

28.15 29.48 10.26 -

28.13 23.37 9.37 -

27.36 19.50 7.74 -

5.98 8.58 5.29 -

0.06 -1.07 -0.02 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

14.21 8.51 5.30 0.40

13.64 9.10 4.22 0.32

21.50 14.00 4.15 2.76 0.59

18.30 e 8.64 4.07 4.71 0.00 e 0.89

11.35 5.33 3.00 2.32 0.00 0.71

7.56 2.02 3.75 0.92 0.01 0.87

6.52 1.48 3.34 0.77 0.00 0.92

7.42 2.11 3.68 0.84 0.01 0.79

7.07 1.77 3.69 0.71 0.00 0.90

13.68 0.94 12.65 0.00 0.08

30.63 4.08 26.37 0.00 0.18

27.53 3.14 24.11 0.28

24.34 1.27 22.66 0.01 0.06 0.34

28.80 5.35 23.30 0.00 0.06 0.08

26.01 2.16 23.72 0.01 0.05 0.07

25.84 2.04 23.71 0.01 0.04 0.04

26.43 1.84 24.47 0.03 0.04 0.04

25.31 0.66 24.45 0.14 0.03 0.03

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.70 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CANADA 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

14250

14169

23231

21086 e

12617

7568

6319

7464

6891

5454 5454 -

4491 4491 -

4296 4296 -

4199 4131 -

3092 3092 -

3872 3872 -

3451 3451 -

3794 3784 10

3803 3803 -

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

8796 8796 -

9678 9639 -

18935 18531 -

9521 2 7245 26

3684 2 1812 -

2858 2 1364 -

3652 1 1768 -

3079 880 11

x x -

x x 39 -

155 61 x 26 91 71

52 e 2427 7 x 134 e 62 e 731 -

2 2049 x 27 138 32 -

1795 15 x 60 -

1 1389 x 101 1

1735 x 147 -

2068 x 120 -

-

-

-

1 e

4

12

10

18

9

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

9 e x 59 16886 21 13451 1

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.71

CANADA 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

13017

26851

28386

26798

27557

28049

28039

28945

28916

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

12217 147 x 164 10934 668 x x x 150 154 -

19908 6 224 41 379 72 159 16569 369 519 102 51 645 772

22752 374 312 585 792 1170 12085 3851 385 408 338 819 1093 540

22130 58 413 516 494 1757 1469 6792 4770 406 807 344 1025 1677 1602

20762 48 215 416 166 1250 1015 8693 5296 302 707 59 60 839 284 1412

17193 217 526 968 288 6873 5303 130 685 294 22 834 185 868

16665 208 587 92 608 283 6495 5702 517 367 62 1039 705

17421 266 412 47 806 317 6747 5651 132 763 690 33 246 659 652

17871 135 119 605 69 563 233 6877 6421 917 818 37 365 159 553

800 600 200 -

1745 1108 300 129 208

2795 1471 1324 -

4668 1718 956 1274 426 45 104

6726 1638 4342 637 109

10768 1112 5361 1087 193 1700 155 54

11203 901 5126 1251 180 2697 76 94 -

10930 926 4600 1292 119 3085 48 -

9778 855 2808 1465 122 4028 140

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

145

-

1106

878

860

360

-

5198

2839

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.72 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CANADA 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

971

4149

3696

1362

5752

2337

2205

2031

933

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

971 27 309 x 492 83 56 x x x 4

2826 120 479 18 64 1933 18 194

3419 151 55 14 1244 1767 80 108

1358 e 180 36 729 169 244 e

4203 45 1 2005 1670 395 1 86

2169 149 1432 474 2 112

2039 430 1420 1 188

1551 301 73 494 568 30 3 82

931 162 1 2 1 235 50 2 478

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

98 98 -

-

3 e 2 e 1

1549 55 1493 1 -

165 164 1 -

165 165 -

478 148 330 -

1 1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

-

1225

277

-

-

1

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.73

CHILE1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 350

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 60

100% 90%

300

50

80%

250

70%

40

60%

200 30

50%

150

40% 20

100

30% 20%

10

50

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

12

12

10

10

8

8

100% 90% 80% 70% 60%

6

6

4

4

2

2

0 1971

0 1971

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 90

100%

90

100%

80

90%

80

90%

70

80%

70

80%

70%

60

60%

50

70%

60

60%

50

50%

50% 40

40%

30

30%

20

20%

10

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

40

40%

30

30%

20

20%

10

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1976

III.74 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CHILE 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

1.4 0.3 -0.0 0.1

1.1 0.9 -0.0 -0.3

2.1 1.6 -0.1

0.3 4.2 -0.0 -0.1

0.4 5.4 0.6

1.4 9.5 -0.6 -0.1

1.4 9.6 -0.6 0.1

1.3 9.2 -0.3 -0.1

2.5 10.7 -

-1.4 6.8 -

4.4

4.1

1.7

1.7

3.6

4.4

6.4

10.1

10.5

10.2

-

0.0

0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.4

0.2

..

Total transformation

-0.6

-0.8

-2.6 e

-3.3 e

-5.7 e

-10.1 e

-10.0 e

..

8.8

5.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.4 -0.4 -0.0

-0.7 -0.7 -0.0

-2.4 -1.6 -0.8

-3.0 -3.0 -0.0

-5.5 -5.5 -

-9.9 -9.9 -

-9.9 -9.9 -

.. .. ..

10.5 8.0 33.5

5.4 7.0 -

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

5.2

-11.7

-0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.2 -0.0 -

-0.2 e -0.2 e -0.0 -

-0.4 e -0.3 e -0.0 -

-0.2 e -0.2 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.2 e 0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.0 4.2 -8.4 -

-2.0 -1.5 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

..

4.0

2.6

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

1.0

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.6

0.3

0.4

..

-0.7

-2.9

0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3

0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.7 0.1 e 0.2 0.0 0.5

0.8 0.1 e 0.2 0.0 0.4

0.6 0.1 e 0.1 0.4

0.3 0.1 e 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.4 0.1 e 0.0 0.0 0.3

.. .. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -2.2 -2.6 -0.4 -0.0 -11.6 2.2 -1.4

Transport9

0.2

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

..

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

-

-

-0.4 -12.6 2.1 -13.2 -2.2 -11.3 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 1.2 1.9 6.5 8.5 16.9 30.2 29.3 29.0 10.3 5.7 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.75

CHILE 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1.40 0.45 0.44 0.01 0.39 0.03 0.38 0.13 0.00 0.25 0.06 -

3.72 2.48 1.69 0.79 0.49 0.66 0.19 0.01 0.46 0.09 -

4.59 3.13 3.12 0.01 0.71 0.72 0.24 0.04 0.45 0.02 -

8.35 7.42 7.42 0.51 0.50 0.08 0.42 0.01 -

12.19 11.18 11.18 0.53 0.39 0.00 0.39 0.01 -

12.96 11.92 11.92 0.52 0.34 0.01 0.01 0.31 0.00 -

13.24 12.26 12.26 0.47 0.32 0.01 0.00 0.32 0.00 -

8.47 15.25 11.86 42.76 2.06 4.78 3.46 7.32 5.37 3.64 -

4.81 6.10 7.61 -0.13 -2.62 -11.63 -8.60 -1.39 -12.21 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.99 0.42 0.41 0.01 0.03 0.38 0.13 0.00 0.25 0.06 -

3.23 2.48 1.69 0.79 0.66 0.19 0.01 0.46 0.09 -

3.88 3.13 3.12 0.01 0.72 0.24 0.04 0.45 0.02 -

7.84 7.42 7.42 0.50 0.08 0.42 0.01 -

11.63 11.18 11.18 0.39 0.00 0.39 0.01 -

12.49 11.92 11.92 0.34 0.01 0.01 0.31 0.00 -

12.77 12.26 12.26 0.32 0.01 0.00 0.32 0.00 -

10.37 15.91 12.52 42.76 4.78 3.46 7.32 5.37 3.64 -

5.22 6.10 7.61 -2.62 -11.63 -8.60 -1.39 -12.21 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.39 0.39 -

0.49 0.49 -

0.71 0.71 -

0.51 0.51 -

0.57 0.53 -

0.47 0.52 -

0.47 0.47 -

2.06 2.06 -

-0.17 -0.13 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.76 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CHILE 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

1.10 0.02 -

2.07 -

0.35 -

0.38 -

0.36 -

1.40 -

1.33 -

5.46 -

-1.44 -

1.13 0.03 -

2.18 -

0.37 -

0.54 -

0.62 -

2.43 -

2.29 -

5.65 -

0.39 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.28 0.18 0.10

1.62 1.11 0.47 0.04

4.20 3.50 0.68 0.03

3.49 2.75 0.68 0.06

5.44 5.00 0.44 0.00

8.11 7.55 0.55 0.00

9.48 9.01 0.47 -

9.55 9.08 0.48 -

9.20 8.60 0.60 -

0.03 0.03

-

0.04 0.04

0.04 0.04

-

0.52 0.48 0.04

0.64 0.50 0.14

0.58 0.53 0.05

0.27 0.24 0.03

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.77

CHILE 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

185

1660

4402

4010

6933

9894

11585

11595

11129

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

185 -

492 -

714 -

692 411 281 -

450 296 154 -

566 301 220 -

467 321 146 -

470 287 180 0 -

593 367 224 0 -

x x 185

x x 492

x 714

x -

x -

45 x -

x -

0 x -

x -

-

1168 -

3688 1330 805 158

3318 437 260 523 254

6483 647 1591 57

9328 1756 77 3273 127

11118 3101 540 2544 -

11125 2022 8 1599 -

10536 682 0 1960 -

x x -

x x 1168

62 631 121 x 111 470

1266 x 578

3427 746 x 15

4095 x -

4796 x 137 -

7421 x 75 -

7893 x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.78 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 80

100% 90%

70

100

80% 60 70%

80

50

60

60%

40

50% 40%

30

40

30% 20 20%

20

10

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

70

60

100% 90%

60

50

50

80% 70%

40

60%

40 30

50%

30

40% 20

20

30% 20%

10

10

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

100%

180

100%

90

90%

160

90%

80

80%

140

80%

70

70%

60

60%

50

50%

40

40%

30

30%

20

20%

10

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

70%

120

60%

100

50% 80

40%

60

30%

40

20%

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.79

CZECH REPUBLIC 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

57.8 2.3 -12.0 -0.3

51.9 2.2 -10.4 1.2

35.8 1.5 -8.3 1.9

29.8 3.4 -7.5 1.1

23.0 4.2 -4.6 0.9

21.8 4.3 -3.6 0.1

21.0 4.2 -3.1 0.2

-0.3 15.0 6.3

-3.2 2.4 -3.8

-0.7

-2.5

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

54.3 0.2 -3.7 -0.0

Primary supply

50.8

47.8

44.9

30.9

26.8

23.6

22.6

22.4

1.8

2.0

-3.6

-0.5

-0.1

-0.4

0.3

..

Total transformation

-22.7 e

-20.7 e

-22.6 e

-23.1

-22.0

-19.0

-18.5

..

-0.0

-0.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-11.9 e -11.9 e -

-15.5 e -15.5 e -

-20.5 e -17.4 e -3.1 e

-21.3 -18.9 -2.4

-20.6 -18.5 -2.1

-17.4 -15.8 -1.7

-17.1 -15.6 -1.5

.. .. ..

3.3 2.3 -

-0.7 -0.4 -2.8

-0.9

-0.4

-0.2

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

..

-5.1

-0.9

e e e e

-4.3 e 0.0 -2.6 e -1.8 e -

-1.8 e -0.0 -1.7 e -0.0 e -

-1.7 0.0 -1.3 -0.4 -

-1.1 -0.0 -1.1 0.0 -

-1.2 -0.0 -1.2 -0.0 -

-1.2 -0.0 -1.1 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-9.7 -2.3 -26.5 -

-1.6 -1.7 2.0 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.0 e

-1.0 e

-1.1 e

-0.5

-0.8

-0.9

-0.9

..

0.8

-0.8

Losses Final consumption6

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

28.9

28.0

17.6

6.8

3.7

3.2

3.4

..

-2.9

-5.9

10.3 5.0 e 0.5 0.5 0.3 3.9 e

4.7 2.0 1.2 0.3 0.1 1.1

1.7 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

1.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1

1.6 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.7 -6.6 2.3 -6.6 -4.6 -0.4 -0.3 -2.7 -7.7 -7.3 -5.3 -12.4

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

2.1 0.3 1.3 0.4 -

1.4 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.5

1.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.6

1.3 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

-0.9 e -10.0 0.0 -2.6 -7.4 -

16.3 3.4 1.1 0.5 1.3 9.9

e e e e e

16.7 3.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 10.1

e e e e e

0.2

0.1

-

12.4 0.4 e 9.3 e 2.7 e -

11.2 0.3 e 8.0 e 2.8 e -

7.3 2.1 e 4.6 0.6 e -

-

-

-3.1 -6.3 10.3 -13.2 -4.0 -4.9 -8.5 -14.4 -

35.1 44.6 47.6 55.0 49.7 44.6 43.9 43.6 1.8 -0.3 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances . 5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh

III.80 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

103.70 37.97 e 37.97 e 1.96 12.57 e 6.35 24.42 1.64 e 2.55 e 0.96 e 2.99 e 16.29 e 20.83 -

91.83 48.65 42.32 6.33 1.94 8.54 e 2.69 11.58 2.61 e 1.24 0.95 0.82 5.97 e 12.21 -

61.09 45.05 41.16 3.90 0.44 4.56 1.35 6.44 1.03 2.56 0.45 0.25 2.15 4.07 -

52.18 42.35 39.21 3.14 0.37 3.24 1.57 1.53 0.13 0.79 0.25 0.18 0.19 2.09 0.00

45.72 36.97 34.62 2.35 0.21 3.04 0.30 1.42 1.06 0.08 0.54 0.17 0.10 0.17 1.83 0.00

46.10 37.06 34.64 2.42 0.20 2.89 0.32 1.40 1.10 0.11 0.55 0.17 0.10 0.17 1.82 0.00

45.80 36.61 34.40 2.21 0.22 3.30 0.28 1.32 1.35 0.07 0.84 0.18 0.09 0.17 1.93 0.00

-1.01 2.09 0.91 -0.10 -3.17 -6.90 -6.03 3.94 -5.83 -0.10 -10.23 -8.03 -4.35 -

-2.54 -1.05 -0.76 -3.82 -7.73 -3.46 -2.61 -7.64 -12.41 -1.44 -5.92 -7.72 -12.40 -6.60 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

9.81 7.85 1.10 e 0.05 e 0.60 e 0.04 e 6.05 e 1.96 -

5.75 3.90 3.79 0.11 1.46 0.79 0.15 0.25 0.01 0.26 0.21 -

4.42 3.87 3.65 0.21 0.39 0.10 0.06 0.20 0.02 0.02 0.30 0.00

4.18 3.61 3.55 0.06 0.30 0.29 0.06 0.04 0.16 0.03 0.35 0.00

4.77 3.59 3.54 0.06 0.32 0.31 0.10 0.04 0.16 0.02 0.34 0.00

3.72 3.07 3.02 0.05 0.28 0.29 0.06 0.03 0.18 0.00 0.02 0.35 0.00

0.26 -7.58 -2.11 -2.32 -2.01 -2.51 -10.23 -2.36 -

-3.64 -1.74 -0.80 -10.90 -8.37 -9.60 -0.70 -3.56 -19.50 -14.82 -5.23 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

12.57 12.57 e -

4.97 4.56 0.04 0.04 0.00 -

3.55 3.24 -

3.70 3.04 -

3.12 2.89 -

3.42 3.30 -

-1.93 -3.17 -

-3.87 -3.46 -

2

10.12 4.94 3.75 1.19 0.03 3.05 0.85 0.04 0.47 0.03 1.66 1.47 9.94 8.54 e 1.40 1.40 e - e -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.81

CZECH REPUBLIC 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

81.32 37.97 e 37.97 e 1.96 6.35 16.58 0.54 2.49 0.36 2.95 10.24 18.87 -

71.77 43.71 38.58 5.13 1.94 2.67 7.12 0.35 1.20 0.48 0.79 4.31 10.74 -

50.37 41.15 37.36 3.79 0.44 1.35 4.94 0.21 2.41 0.20 0.23 1.90 3.86 -

44.21 38.48 35.56 2.92 0.37 1.57 1.13 0.03 0.73 0.04 0.16 0.17 1.80 -

37.84 33.36 31.07 2.29 0.21 1.42 0.77 0.02 0.50 0.01 0.10 0.14 1.48 -

38.22 33.47 31.10 2.36 0.20 1.40 0.79 0.02 0.51 0.01 0.10 0.15 1.48 -

38.66 33.54 31.38 2.16 0.22 1.32 1.06 0.02 0.80 0.01 0.09 0.15 1.59 -

-1.04 1.18 0.13 -0.10 -6.97 -6.80 -3.52 -5.93 2.43 -10.39 -6.96 -4.59 -

-2.27 -0.98 -0.76 -3.16 -7.73 -2.58 -6.80 -10.59 -1.46 -15.41 -7.61 -11.80 -6.84 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

0.60 0.60 0.60 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

III.82 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

14.81 6.57 37.25 0.17 -

13.78 4.98 33.12 -

7.92 5.54 22.32 -

6.92 5.09 21.66 -

5.87 4.85 19.03 -

2.84 2.22 16.76 -

2.21 1.92 16.84 -

-0.60 -2.28 -0.98 -

-5.68 -2.95 -2.49 -

18.55 10.60 88.84 0.60 -

14.38 8.03 78.98 -

8.14 6.72 50.31 -

7.14 6.12 48.77 -

6.02 5.57 43.77 -

2.91 2.69 39.31 -

2.27 2.32 39.49 -

-2.10 -2.28 -0.98 -

-5.74 -3.97 -2.55 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.52 0.25 0.27

2.25 2.09 0.15

1.48 0.68 0.22 0.00 0.59

1.91 0.66 0.42 0.00 0.83

3.37 1.10 0.92 0.06 1.29

4.05 1.21 1.58 0.38 0.88

4.25 1.51 1.66 0.07 1.01

4.31 1.41 2.06 0.10 0.74

4.24 1.00 2.42 0.06 0.75

12.32 0.37 5.56 3.31 3.09

10.38 0.47 4.22 4.03 1.66

8.26 2.51 3.42 1.29 1.03

6.60 2.06 2.99 0.54 1.02

7.48 2.50 3.43 0.60 0.96

4.48 1.54 1.86 0.52 0.56

4.56 1.42 2.02 0.52 0.60

3.63 0.92 1.43 0.57 0.71

3.06 0.72 1.12 0.51 0.71

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.83

CZECH REPUBLIC 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782 3

Total coal

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

2282

1095

1264

2358

4176

3703

4049

3824

-

-

217 217 -

492 492 -

909 10 805 94 -

1579 17 1440 120 -

1661 2 1582 77 -

2066 204 1693 135 -

2427 20 300 1806 269 -

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x 2 -

x -

x 34 -

5 x 26 -

2282 2282 -

877 869 -

771 2 733 1

1320 2 919 8

1566 1 1467 -

1904 1 1791 -

1778 16 1645 8

1261 2 759 16 2

x x -

x x -

x 6 2 -

x 32 3 -

x 385 6 -

x 86 12 -

x 107 5 -

0 x 107 3 -

x 481 1 1

-

-

1

1

129

1031

138

205

136

274 e

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1990

274 e 274 e -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.84 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

5934 e

4504

3427

3210

3499

1895

2088

1466

1146

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5934 600 59 x x x 69 5126 x 80 -

4504 785 28 10 3681 -

3427 1244 744 538 901 -

3103 994 230 592 1287 -

3388 945 383 727 1333 -

1880 543 226 512 599 -

2078 561 368 319 830 -

1407 412 163 259 573 -

1125 284 180 172 488 -

-

107 -

111 -

15 -

10 -

59 -

21 -

e e e

e

e

e

-

e e

e

e

e

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

-

107

111

15

10

59

21

Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.85

CZECH REPUBLIC 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

394

498

2459

2051

2773

1670

1428

948

748

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

394 6 x 100 1 x x 36 237 x 6 8 -

498 40 220 32 198 6 2 -

2442 331 1033 43 102 931 2 -

2042 981 526 21 45 469 -

2772 1000 27 103 1257 315 1 69 -

1667 312 529 21 561 242 2 -

1311 296 376 45 226 365 2 1 -

881 223 167 6 195 286 3 1 0 -

673 93 25 10 0 0 226 314 2 0 1 0 0 -

e

e

e e

e

e

e e

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

17 -

9 -

1 -

3 -

117 8 -

67 -

75 -

-

-

17

9

1

3

109

67

75

Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.86 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

DENMARK1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

700

35

600

30

500

25

400

20

300

15

200

10

100

5

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0 1971

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

50

2006

2011

80%

Other transformation Other use

80

100% 90%

70

80%

60

70%

70%

40

60% 30

50% 40%

20

30%

50

60%

40

50% 40%

30

30%

20

20%

20%

10

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 60

0 1971

1976

10 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

10%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.87

DENMARK 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

2.7 -0.1 0.1

8.7 -0.1 -0.3

8.9 -0.0 -0.2

5.5 -0.1 0.3

3.8 -0.1 1.7

2.4 -0.0 0.4

2.6 -0.0 -0.4

2.3 -0.0 -0.0

7.2 -1.0

-4.5 -

7.0

-4.9

Primary supply

2.8

8.4

8.7

5.7

5.4

2.8

2.2

2.2

Statistical differences

0.0

0.2

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

..

Total transformation

-2.1

-7.8

-8.1

-5.2

-5.4

-2.8

-2.0

..

8.2

-4.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-2.3 -2.3 -

-8.0 -7.9 -0.1

-8.1 -8.1 -0.1

-5.2 -5.2 -0.0

-5.4 -5.4 -0.0

-2.8 -2.8 -0.0

-2.1 -2.1 -

.. .. ..

7.8 7.7 -

-4.9 -4.9 -

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-6.4

-3.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

..

-0.3

-4.3

0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2

0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.1

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

2.1 2.4 1.3

-3.8 -3.1 -5.0

Transport9

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

0.3 0.0 0.3 -

0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 -

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.2 -8.5 -

-6.3 -6.2 -6.4 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 6.8 21.9 23.6 16.7 17.0 8.9 6.2 6.4 7.5 -4.8 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.88 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

DENMARK 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

5.65 4.99 4.93 0.06 0.09 0.69 0.55 0.06 0.09 0.01 -

9.99 9.40 9.34 0.06 0.47 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.22 0.12 -

6.64 6.19 6.18 0.02 0.38 0.02 0.23 0.13 0.04 -

6.50 6.46 6.46 0.01 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.05 -

3.14 2.97 2.97 0.00 0.15 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.03 -

3.39 3.43 3.43 0.00 0.16 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.02 -

2.65 2.49 2.49 0.18 0.02 0.10 0.06 0.02 -

4.86 5.43 5.47 0.41 -3.20 -8.07 -1.35 7.81 20.35 -

-4.80 -4.80 -4.77 -3.57 7.44 -2.57 -4.85 -7.07 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

5.65 4.99 4.93 0.06 0.09 0.69 0.55 0.06 0.09 0.01 -

9.99 9.40 9.34 0.06 0.47 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.22 0.12 -

6.64 6.19 6.18 0.02 0.38 0.02 0.23 0.13 0.04 -

6.50 6.46 6.46 0.01 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.05 -

3.14 2.97 2.97 0.00 0.15 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.03 -

3.39 3.43 3.43 0.00 0.16 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.02 -

2.65 2.49 2.49 0.18 0.02 0.10 0.06 0.02 -

4.86 5.43 5.47 0.41 -3.20 -8.07 -1.35 7.81 20.35 -

-4.80 -4.80 -4.77 -3.57 7.44 -2.57 -4.85 -7.07 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.89

DENMARK 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

5.36 5.24 0.12

8.93 8.88 0.05

5.51 5.46 0.05

5.09 5.05 0.04

3.83 3.81 0.02

2.28 2.27 0.01

2.40 2.39 0.01

2.56 2.55 0.01

2.30 2.29 0.01

0.06 0.06

0.05 0.05 -

0.10 0.10 0.00

0.08 0.08 -

0.06 0.06 -

0.08 0.08 0.00

0.02 0.02 -

0.00 0.00

0.01 0.01 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.90 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

DENMARK 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

6110

10255

6416

6031

4570

2757

2886

3074

2759

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

6110 177 307 6 941 3078 145 2 8

10255 1127 646 39 52 972 592 3223 8

6416 143 2311 3 177

6031 129 830 66 369

4570 37 459 375 255

2757 7 150 41 147

2886 14 132 114 170

3074 13 5 4 169 11

2759 17 11 45 35

868 528 x x 50

57 2057 x x 1482

812 1672 x 1295 3 -

1254 1852 x 1531 -

1338 735 x 1371 -

575 407 x 1431 -

411 187 x 1858 -

483 610 x 1779 -

247 526 x 1878 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.91

ESTONIA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

140

16

120

14

100% 90% 80%

12

100

70% 10

60%

80 8

50%

60

40%

6

30%

40

4 20%

20

2

0 1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2011

2018p

10%

0 1990

Coal/population

1993

1996

1999

2002

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2005

2008

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

9

9

100%

8

8

90%

7

7

80%

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

20%

1

1

10%

0 1990

0 1990

70% 60% 50%

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Production Exports

2011

2018p

100%

18

90%

16

80%

14

70%

12

60%

10

50%

8

40%

6

30%

4

20%

2

10% 1996

1999

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2002

2005

2008

2011

1996

1999

2002

2005

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2008

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1993

1993

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

20

0 1990

30%

40

100% 90%

35

80%

30

70%

25

60%

20

50% 40%

15

30%

10

20%

5 0 1990

10% 1993

1996

Coal Other

1999

2002

2005

2008

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1993

40%

III.92 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ESTONIA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

x x x x

x x x x

7.2 1.0 -0.1 0.3

3.8 0.5 -0.1 0.0

5.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.0

5.2 0.0 -0.0 0.9

5.9 0.0 -0.0 0.1

6.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.1

-

-0.7 -11.9 -2.8

Primary supply

x

x

8.5

4.2

5.6

6.1

6.1

5.9

-

-1.2

Statistical differences

x

x

-0.4

-0.1

0.4

-0.6

-0.0

..

Total transformation

x

x

-7.2

-3.9

-5.9

-5.4

-5.9

..

-

-0.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

x x x

x x x

-6.8 -6.8 -

-3.2 -3.2 -0.0

-4.6 -4.6 -0.0

-3.6 -3.5 -0.0

-3.8 -3.8 -0.0

.. .. ..

-

-2.2 -2.2 -

Gas works

x

x

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

..

-

-1.0

Coal transformation4

x x x x x

x x x x x

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

x

x

-0.3

-0.5

-1.1

-1.6

-2.1

..

-

8.0

Energy ind. own use

x

x

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-

-11.6

Losses Final consumption6

x

x

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.7

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-

-6.2

x x x x x x

x x x x x x

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-8.1 - 10.9 - -23.1

Transport9

x

x

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

x x x x x

x x x x x

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

- -13.3 - -12.4 - -14.5 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

-

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh x x 14.8 7.8 11.6 10.2 10.8 10.1 -1.2 -1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.93

ESTONIA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.38 0.17 0.17 0.09 0.00 0.08 0.12 -

0.09 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.04 -

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 -

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 -

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 -

0.05 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 -

-

-7.39 -12.32 -12.32 -3.37 -22.38 -10.45 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.38 0.17 0.17 0.09 0.00 0.08 0.12 -

0.09 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.04 -

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 -

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 -

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 -

0.05 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 -

-

-7.39 -12.32 -12.32 -3.37 -22.38 -10.45 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

III.94 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ESTONIA 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.87 0.33 0.33 0.39 0.01 0.01 -

0.33 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.35 0.21 0.19 0.01 0.15 -

0.13 0.12 0.10 0.02 0.01 -

0.14 0.12 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.00 -

0.15 0.15 0.11 0.04 -

-

-6.35 -2.96 -4.02 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

25.95 22.57 22.57 0.88 0.65 1.39 1.39 -

13.23 10.84 10.82 0.02 1.39 0.61 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.15

17.89 13.55 13.53 0.02 3.09 1.03 0.16 0.16 0.06

17.90 12.08 12.00 0.08 4.90 0.75 0.07 0.07 0.14

19.89 12.67 12.61 0.05 5.62 1.26 0.05 0.05 0.28

21.90 13.37 13.36 0.01 7.23 0.92 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.27

-

-0.63 -1.92 -1.92 8.12 1.29 -9.34 -22.71 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.95

ESTONIA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

x x x x x

0.29 6.91

0.12 3.70

0.12 4.42

0.13 5.51

0.01 5.92

0.03 6.02

-

-11.43 -0.57

x x x x x

0.90 22.49

0.35 11.73

0.38 14.59

0.36 17.93

0.03 21.63

0.09 21.97

-

-11.63 -0.14

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

x x x x x x x

0.34 0.32 0.01

0.09 0.09 0.00

0.05 0.05 -

0.07 0.07 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.02 0.02 -

0.03 0.03 -

0.03 0.03 -

x x x x x x x

0.03 0.03

0.04 0.02 0.02

0.04 0.00 0.04

0.05 0.03 0.02

0.02 0.01 0.01

0.02 0.01 0.01

0.03 0.01 0.02

0.02 0.01 0.01

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.96 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ESTONIA 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

x

373

101

54

71

7

23

45

44

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x x x x x x x x x

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x x x x x x x x x

373 -

101 3 -

54 -

71 -

7 -

23 -

45 -

44 -

x x x x x x x x x x

373 x x -

x 98 -

x 54 -

x 71 -

x 7 -

x 23 -

x 45 -

x 44 -

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.97

FINLAND1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 400

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 60

100% 90%

350

50

80%

300

70%

40

250

60%

200

30

50% 40%

150

20

30%

100

20%

10

50

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0 1971

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

100%

90

90%

80

80%

70

70%

60

60%

50

50%

40

40%

30

30%

20

20%

10

10% 1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

1986

1991

1996

2001

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1981

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100

0 1971

1976

70

100% 90%

60

80% 50

70% 60%

40

50% 30

40% 30%

20

20% 10 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

10%

III.98 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

FINLAND 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

0.1 3.5 -0.0 0.1

1.0 5.4 -0.0 0.6

2.6 6.3 -0.0 -1.3

1.6 5.1 -0.1 0.7

2.6 5.7 -0.1 1.6

1.0 4.0 -0.1 1.5

1.0 3.9 -0.1 1.1

2.2 4.0 -0.1 -0.1

22.6 3.5 -

-3.3 -1.8 20.4

4.4

-0.9

3.6

7.1

7.6

7.3

9.8

6.5

5.9

6.0

Statistical differences

-0.0

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.0

-0.1

-0.0

..

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-5.3 e

-5.3 e

-5.6 e

-8.5 e

-5.2 e

-4.7 e

..

5.5

-0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-1.7 -1.7 -

-4.9 -4.5 -0.5

-4.7 -4.4 -0.3

-5.0 -4.6 -0.4

-8.0 -7.5 -0.4

-4.5 -4.4 -0.1

-4.1 -4.0 -0.1

.. .. ..

6.1 5.7 -

-0.6 -0.4 -4.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.5 e -0.5 e -0.0 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-0.5 e -0.5 e -0.1 -

-0.5 e -0.0 -0.4 e -0.1 -

-0.6 e -0.6 e -0.0 -

-0.6 e -0.6 e -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.2 2.0 -

0.3 0.2 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-

-

-0.3

-0.2

-0.3

-0.3

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

..

1.5

1.6

2.2

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.8

..

2.3

-3.8

1.3 0.4 e 0.0 0.0 0.9

1.4 0.5 e 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.2

2.2 0.8 e 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.1

1.4 0.6 e 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0

1.1 0.5 e 0.1 0.3 0.1

0.8 0.3 e 0.1 0.3 0.0

0.7 0.3 e 0.1 0.3 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

2.9 4.3 17.2 20.2 -15.0

-4.1 -3.5 -6.5 -2.5 -2.9

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-8.6 -8.6 -

3.2 -

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 7.3 17.4 12.8 13.1 21.4 10.5 9.2 9.9 3.3 -1.2 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.99

FINLAND (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

5.31 4.57 4.52 0.05 0.67 0.09 0.01 0.41 0.15 0.08 -

5.65 3.88 3.77 0.11 0.71 1.04 0.08 0.08 0.76 0.09 0.02 0.01 -

5.19 3.55 3.51 0.04 1.28 0.35 0.08 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.01 -

6.98 5.59 5.54 0.05 1.20 0.17 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.01 -

4.05 2.39 2.37 0.02 1.22 0.05 e 0.13 0.01 e 0.05 0.05 0.02 e 0.00 -

4.88 3.10 3.06 0.05 1.22 0.27 e 0.21 0.04 e 0.06 0.08 0.02 e 0.00 -

4.42 2.71 2.68 0.03 1.19 0.29 e 0.21 0.04 e 0.07 0.08 0.02 e 0.00 -

0.52 -1.34 -1.49 7.24 3.82 -0.61 16.10 5.22 -14.26 -16.20 -

-0.91 -1.32 -1.25 -4.85 1.92 -5.73 -2.14 -8.37 -0.69 -1.06 -3.99 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

5.31 4.57 4.52 0.05 0.67 0.09 0.01 0.41 0.15 0.08 -

4.94 3.88 3.77 0.11 1.04 0.08 0.08 0.76 0.09 0.02 0.01 -

3.91 3.55 3.51 0.04 0.35 0.08 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.01 -

5.77 5.59 5.54 0.05 0.17 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.01 -

2.80 2.39 2.37 0.02 0.05 e 0.13 0.01 e 0.05 0.05 0.02 e 0.00 -

3.67 3.10 3.06 0.05 0.27 e 0.21 0.04 e 0.06 0.08 0.02 e 0.00 -

3.15 2.71 2.68 0.03 0.29 e 0.21 0.04 e 0.07 0.08 0.02 e 0.00 -

-0.60 -1.34 -1.49 7.24 3.82 -0.61 16.10 5.22 -14.26 -16.20 -

-1.65 -1.32 -1.25 -4.85 -5.73 -2.14 -8.37 -0.69 -1.06 -3.99 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

0.71 0.71 -

1.28 1.28 -

1.21 1.20 -

1.25 1.22 -

1.21 1.22 -

1.26 1.19 -

-

2.14 1.92 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

III.100 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

FINLAND 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

1.47 0.85 0.43 0.43 0.50 0.50 0.12 -

4.81 3.23 3.10 0.13 1.51 0.16 1.28 0.08 0.07 -

6.02 4.81 4.43 0.38 1.21 0.08 1.04 0.09 0.12 -

9.50 8.37 8.01 0.35 0.04 1.02 0.00 0.92 0.10 0.25 -

5.76 4.82 4.56 0.26 0.73 0.71 0.02 0.20 -

5.66 4.78 4.55 0.23 0.66 0.00 0.65 0.01 0.23 -

5.42 4.55 4.35 0.21 0.63 0.00 0.62 0.01 0.23 -

10.37 11.76 18.01 -9.52 9.68 8.13 -4.70 -

0.44 1.28 1.26 1.81 -3.20 -2.63 -8.63 4.63 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.101

FINLAND 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.63 -

2.59 -

1.56 -

3.05 -

2.58 -

1.04 -

2.16 -

12.47 -

-3.30 -

2.21 -

7.15 -

4.42 -

9.14 -

7.49 -

3.09 -

6.38 -

10.28 -

-3.07 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

5.23 4.31 0.92

6.27 4.85 0.64 0.77

5.09 3.32 1.26 0.50

4.81 2.89 1.40 0.01 0.50

5.70 3.93 1.33 0.00 0.44

3.72 1.93 1.32 0.02 0.45

4.00 2.36 1.30 0.02 0.32

3.87 2.42 1.19 0.01 0.25

3.99 2.39 1.27 0.01 0.31

-

0.00 0.00

0.06 0.02 0.04

0.07 0.02 0.05

0.05 0.01 0.05

0.13 0.00 0.13

0.10 0.10

0.15 0.15

0.12 0.12

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.102 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

FINLAND 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

4789

6101

5072

4723

5920

3601

4012

3970

4018

-

711 203 45 -

1258 100 2 705 360 -

1401 487 519 13 382 -

1327 406 416 437 1

1322 517 6 461 17

1302 176 518 13 486 13

1193 668 12 476 6

1273 130 599 543 1

x x -

463 x x -

x 91 -

x -

3 64 x -

x 321 -

6 x 90 -

x 31 -

x -

4789 4089 3 -

5390 2609 253 41 -

3814 1313 51

3322 551 3 32

4593 7 6 211 166 14

2279 9 79 -

2710 42 3

2777 59 20

2745 7 20

697 x x -

100 334 1905 x x 148 -

x 2448 2 -

x 2736 -

413 x 3680 55 41 -

4 x 1895 292 -

3 x 2427 233 2 -

x 2572 126 -

5 x 2713 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.103

FRANCE1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 450

100%

400

90%

350

80%

100

80

70%

300

60%

250 60

50% 200

40

40%

150

30%

100

20%

50

10%

20

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

60

60

50

50

40

40

100% 90% 80% 70% 60%

30

30

20

20

10

10

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

600 500 400 300 200 100

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

1986

1991

1996

2001

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

100%

500

100%

90%

450

90%

80%

400

80%

70%

350

70%

60%

300

60%

50%

250

50%

40%

200

40%

30%

150

30%

20%

100

20%

10%

50

10%

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1981

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

700

0 1971

1976

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.104 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

FRANCE 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.8 15.4 -1.9 2.5

19.1 30.1 -1.2 -1.0

11.8 19.2 -0.9 -1.5

3.5 19.1 -0.8 -0.6

0.2 17.5 -0.3 -0.4

12.3 -0.1 0.8

14.4 -0.0 -0.3

13.2 -0.0 -0.2

-4.5 1.3 -4.1

-1.1 -17.4

Primary supply

41.9

47.0

28.6

21.3

17.1

13.0

14.1

13.0

-2.2

-2.6

2.0

-0.0

-0.4

0.4

-0.2

-0.9

-0.4

..

-11.5 e

-7.3 e

-8.3 e

..

-1.5

-2.4

Statistical differences Total transformation

-20.8

-31.8 e

-16.1 e

-14.5 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-14.8 -14.8 -

-24.4 -16.9 -7.5

-12.0 -6.9 -5.1

-10.8 -9.4 -1.4

-8.3 -7.8 -0.5

-4.6 -4.1 -0.5

-5.4 -4.9 -0.5

.. .. ..

-1.2 -4.4 -

-2.9 -1.3 -8.1

1.1

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-7.1 -6.3 -1.3 0.4

-7.4 e -6.3 e -1.5 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -2.8 -5.8 -3.9

-1.3 -1.8 0.6 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-4.1 e -3.8 e -0.5 0.2

-3.7 e -3.6 e -0.1 0.0

-3.2 e -2.7 e -0.5 -

-2.7 e -2.2 e -0.5 -

-2.9 e -2.3 e -0.5 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-2.5

-2.7

-3.0

-2.3

-1.6

-1.2

-1.3

..

1.1

-3.0

Losses Final consumption6

-0.6

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

-

-

-

..

19.9

12.3

9.0

4.8

3.9

3.6

4.1

..

-4.6

-2.9

3.7 1.3 e c 0.2 e 0.1 e 2.1

3.2 1.6 e 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.6

3.1 1.8 e 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.4

3.5 2.2 e 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.5

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-3.0 -2.1 -5.0 -0.6 -0.9 -2.3 4.1 -4.2 5.6 -10.9 -3.7 -3.6

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

10.4 6.3 1.2 0.5 0.2 2.3

7.7 4.6 e 0.8 0.6 0.1 1.6

6.2 2.6 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.2

e e e e e

Transport9

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

9.5 0.3 9.2 -

4.6 0.0 4.6 -

2.4 1.0 1.4 0.4

0.9 0.4 0.5 0.2

0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

Non-energy use

-

-

-7.8 -10.7 7.5 -9.9 -10.4 -11.6 0.6

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 35.9 70.4 35.4 30.9 26.3 12.4 15.1 9.3 -0.1 -3.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.105

FRANCE (million tonnes) 1978 2

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

47.20 24.50 17.92 6.58 2.09 12.98 3.11 1.47 0.39 0.15 0.04 1.06 3.16 -

30.89 12.87 7.59 5.28 0.38 9.52 1.09 e 4.91 1.63 e 0.90 e 0.99 e 0.49 e 0.89 e 1.73 -

22.16 10.69 9.75 0.94 0.11 6.54 2.03 e 2.51 0.43 e .. 0.20 e 0.16 e 1.72 e 0.73 -

17.39 7.58 7.38 0.20 4.33 1.88 e 2.21 0.56 e 0.44 0.56 0.04 0.61 e 0.51 -

13.87 4.78 4.53 0.25 4.47 1.88 e 1.91 0.57 e 0.55 0.36 0.03 0.40 e 0.09 0.22

13.71 4.29 3.99 0.30 4.34 1.62 e 2.08 0.80 e 0.52 0.38 0.03 0.35 e 0.10 0.31

14.86 5.22 4.91 0.31 4.52 1.88 e 2.42 1.11 e 0.57 0.29 0.02 0.43 e 0.09 0.27

-3.47 -5.22 -6.91 -1.82 -13.19 -2.55 3.88 0.88 7.23 16.95 22.74 -1.39 -4.92 -

-2.67 -3.29 -1.60 -10.00 -2.72 2.06 -2.58 -1.44 -1.66 -4.42 -10.92 -2.68 -10.36 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

31.60 22.16 16.75 5.41 2.09 2.91 1.47 0.38 0.15 0.04 0.87 3.09 -

19.12 11.03 7.00 4.03 0.38 1.09 e 4.68 1.63 e 0.81 e 0.99 e 0.49 e 0.76 e 1.65 -

15.26 10.42 9.49 0.94 0.11 2.03 e 2.46 0.43 e .. 0.20 e 0.16 e 1.67 e 0.70 -

12.83 7.58 7.38 0.20 1.88 e 2.16 0.56 e 0.44 0.56 0.04 0.56 e 0.51 -

9.28 4.78 4.53 0.25 1.88 e 1.79 0.57 e 0.55 0.34 0.03 0.31 e 0.09 0.22

9.26 4.29 3.99 0.30 1.62 e 1.97 0.80 e 0.51 0.35 0.03 0.28 e 0.10 0.31

10.30 5.22 4.91 0.31 1.88 e 2.37 1.10 e 0.56 0.28 0.02 0.40 e 0.09 0.27

-4.10 -5.65 -7.01 -2.43 -13.19 4.04 0.88 6.50 17.02 22.74 -1.14 -5.10 -

-2.27 -2.73 -1.30 -9.09 2.06 -2.48 -1.44 -1.32 -4.52 -10.92 -2.35 -10.22 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

12.98 12.98 -

9.67 9.52 -

6.54 6.54 -

4.50 4.33 -

4.47 4.47 -

4.34 4.34 -

4.52 4.52 -

-2.42 -2.55 -

-2.78 -2.72 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

III.106 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

FRANCE (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

2.62 2.34 1.17 1.17 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.07 -

2.09 1.84 0.59 1.25 0.23 0.09 e 0.14 e 0.08 -

0.36 0.27 0.27 0.05 0.05 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.13 0.00 e 0.12 0.00 e 0.01 0.03 0.09 e -

0.11 0.00 e 0.11 0.00 e 0.01 0.02 0.07 e -

0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00

-1.85 -1.97 -5.51 0.55 1.17 20.31 -2.59 0.80 -

-12.93 -5.54 -8.19 -5.39 -20.05 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.107

FRANCE 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

4.80 14.14 1.17 -

1.83 8.55 1.43 -

3.37 0.17 -

0.55 -

0.23 -

-

-

-7.70 -4.11 1.68 -

-

4.66 16.50 2.73 -

1.82 9.38 2.33 -

3.80 0.30 -

0.62 -

0.26 -

-

-

-7.54 -4.60 -1.30 -

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

23.52 12.96 8.55 0.00 2.00

19.23 10.05 7.90 0.04 1.24

19.12 11.03 6.59 0.03 1.47

19.96 12.06 6.30 0.02 1.59

17.50 11.50 4.65 0.03 1.33

13.13 8.20 4.36 0.07 0.51

12.27 7.31 4.49 0.06 0.41

14.41 9.52 4.32 0.04 0.53

13.18 7.84 4.68 0.04 0.62

1.16 0.38 0.00 0.77

0.92 0.53 0.39

0.77 0.08 0.69

0.88 0.23 0.03 0.61

0.25 0.02 0.11 0.12

0.03 0.03

0.08 0.08

0.01 0.01

0.05 0.05

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.108 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

FRANCE 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

23451

19458

19032

19887

17631

13436

12665

14971

13466

8316 987 4364 1311 1 1462 -

7848 2071 637 817 254 4019 50

6543 2818 577 182 2667 1

6255 3800 421 263 3 1627 80

4615 2811 8 1636 -

4332 3143 1072 -

4463 3402 978 56

4290 2865 110 36 0 1204 71

4648 2685 90 0 0 1281 6

191 x x -

x x -

130 154 x 14 -

61 x -

x 107 37 16

7 x 25 85

x 27 -

0 x 2 0

x 193 393

15125 785 2217 3441 891 36 98

11541 1480 50 718 141 311 2586 222

12437 1022 98 881 61 425 1125

13596 1509 70 55 1451 35 301 1149

12964 670 163 2 159 1349 7 1648 460

8986 1153 134 1 21 235 13 631 100

8103 1334 33 176 12 296 100

10620 1127 82 0 30 8 8 1265 80

8750 977 0 30 1 9 601 140

6643 853 x x 161

1776 2033 863 777 x x 560 24

524 1043 6 5694 x 383 935 140 100

15 2455 245 4225 x 905 542 100 539

6 3024 2407 x 2753 27 262 23 4

34 1585 2563 x 2388 20 6 102

8 1628 1 1680 x 2703 24 5 9 94

25 2037 0 1617 x 4015 9 6 0 239

10 1704 27 1291 x 3650 6 0 305

10

69

52

36

52

118

99

61

67

Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.109

GERMANY1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

600

100

500

80

400

60

300

40

200

20

100

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

250

250

100% 90%

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

600

2011

Other transformation Other use

100%

90%

90%

70%

1 000

80% 70%

800

60%

60%

400

50% 300

600

50% 40%

40% 30%

200

20% 100

400

30% 20%

200

10%

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

100% 1 200

80% 500

2006

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

0 1971

1976

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.110 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

GERMANY 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

202.0 21.8 -26.1 1.5

204.5 20.6 -22.5 -1.1

174.0 16.4 -11.7 5.0

86.6 31.7 -0.8 3.6

65.6 46.6 -1.4 2.0

56.7 56.7 -2.0 -1.1

56.3 48.3 -2.1 -0.5

53.7 42.8 -2.1 1.5

-0.9 -1.6 -4.6

-4.1 4.1 -6.1

Primary supply

199.1

201.5

183.7

121.2

112.8

110.3

102.0

95.9

-0.5

-2.2

0.4

0.2

0.6

0.4

-1.8

-2.0

-0.8

..

Total transformation

-111.3 e

-125.3 e

-124.1 e

-106.6 e

-98.6

-96.0

-89.0

..

0.6

-1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-104.2 -99.8 -4.3

-115.9 -94.2 -21.6

-115.6 e -98.7 e -16.9 e

-98.8 e -91.5 e -7.3

-90.4 -84.3 -6.1

-87.3 -81.8 -5.4

-80.2 -74.8 -5.4

.. .. ..

0.6 -0.1 8.4

-1.3 -1.0 -4.1

0.8

1.8

1.9

0.0

-

-

-

..

5.0

-

-8.0 e 1.9 -9.2 e -0.9 0.3

-11.2 e 1.2 -10.1 e -2.5 0.2

-10.5 e -1.4 -8.0 e -1.2 0.2

-7.8 e -0.2 -7.9 e 0.2 0.0

-8.2 0.1 -7.7 -0.6 -

-8.7 0.0 -7.9 -0.9 -

-8.8 0.3 -8.0 -1.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.6 -0.8 1.5 -3.6

-0.6 0.0 -0.3 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-7.0

-5.1

-3.5

Losses Final consumption6

-1.7

-1.0

-0.6

-0.5 e

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

..

79.6

70.3

56.1

12.8

10.3

10.4

10.2

38.9 13.7 e 9.3 1.8 1.2 12.9

35.6 10.6 e 8.3 3.0 1.3 12.4

28.9 7.9 e 6.4 3.5 1.3 9.9

10.6 5.6 0.6 2.8 0.5 1.0

8.2 4.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 0.5

9.0 4.5 1.4 1.9 0.5 0.8

2.5

0.4

0.0

0.0

-

34.9 10.2 22.0 2.7 3.2

32.1 10.8 19.0 2.3 2.2

25.9 8.9 15.4 1.7 1.2

1.6 0.1 1.4 0.5

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-1.7 e

e e e e e

1.8 0.4 e 1.3 e 0.1 e 0.4

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.3

-1.2

-1.2

..

-4.0

-3.9

..

-2.0

-6.1

8.9 4.3 1.3 2.0 0.4 0.8

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -3.2 -2.2 3.8 0.2 -1.5

-4.3 -2.2 -5.8 -2.0 -3.8 -8.9

-

-

..

-24.2

-

0.8 0.0 0.7 0.6

0.7 0.0 0.7 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -12.3 -0.8 -19.4 -2.1 -10.7 -2.7 -5.6 -2.5

258.3 293.5 321.6 304.2 273.5 273.2 252.8 241.5 1.3 -0.9 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances . 5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.111

GERMANY 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 1978 2

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

470.13 265.63 237.64 27.99 131.49 34.30 1.02 25.70 0.49 12.51 0.61 1.16 10.92 5.25 -

451.02 279.81 e 249.41 e 30.39 e 105.69 24.09 1.73 0.14 26.89 0.76 10.12 2.13 1.16 12.72 9.37 0.01

238.91 209.20 e 201.24 e 7.97 11.51 11.42 2.53 2.89 0.21 0.57 1.35 0.43 0.32 0.41 0.02

231.42 198.40 192.32 6.08 12.48 11.16 3.96 2.92 0.81 0.88 0.49 0.44 0.30 0.30 0.09

238.52 203.50 200.79 2.72 13.44 11.99 4.88 3.52 1.08 1.44 0.44 0.28 0.29 0.47 0.05

231.53 196.84 193.44 3.39 12.97 12.90 4.84 3.71 1.21 1.31 0.40 0.25 0.54 0.15 0.06

224.76 188.22 184.90 3.31 12.54 12.80 4.93 3.62 1.06 1.34 0.40 0.24 0.59 0.13 0.05

-0.35 0.43 0.40 0.69 -1.80 -2.90 -15.18 0.38 3.68 -1.75 10.92 -0.03 1.28 4.94 -

-2.55 -1.46 -1.10 -7.88 -7.59 -2.32 3.96 -7.16 1.23 -7.22 -5.99 -5.71 -10.76 -14.75 7.18

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

45.08 34.59 21.05 13.55 1.46 5.15 0.25 1.88 0.48 0.28 2.26 2.87 -

44.75 33.78 e 26.06 e 7.73 e 0.78 1.73 6.53 2.57 1.64 0.56 1.76 0.99 0.01

44.50 38.77 e 35.67 e 3.10 0.15 2.53 2.44 0.21 0.27 1.35 0.43 0.19 0.36 -

45.70 38.01 35.41 2.60 3.96 2.35 0.81 0.48 0.47 0.44 0.15 0.30 0.06

49.83 41.45 41.20 0.26 4.88 3.00 1.08 1.07 0.44 0.28 0.14 0.47 0.03

45.36 37.22 36.22 1.00 4.84 3.12 1.21 0.89 0.40 0.25 0.37 0.15 0.03

37.72 29.60 28.58 1.03 4.93 3.04 1.06 0.92 0.40 0.24 0.42 0.13 0.03

-0.06 -0.20 1.79 -4.57 -5.14 2.00 2.66 10.75 5.92 -2.05 -8.47 -

-0.63 -0.49 0.34 -7.20 3.96 -2.80 -3.74 -5.07 -3.16 -5.15 -7.36 4.46

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

41.88 6.58 5.70 0.88 34.30 1.01 -

42.22 18.12 14.24 3.88 24.09 -

24.46 13.04 10.17 2.87 11.42 -

15.97 5.37 5.01 0.37 10.60 -

11.72 0.28 0.28 11.44 -

15.13 2.74 2.74 12.39 -

15.83 3.51 3.51 12.32 -

0.07 8.81 7.93 13.17 -2.90 -

-3.57 -5.90 -5.06 -2.45 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.112 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

GERMANY 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 1978

1990

2000

364.05 227.90 e 209.11 e 18.79 104.92 0.14 20.36 0.76 7.55 0.49 0.60 10.96 8.38 -

169.94 157.39 e 155.39 e 2.00 11.36 0.45 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.05 0.02

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

2010

2015

2016

2017

169.74 155.01 151.90 3.11 12.48 0.57 0.57 0.40 0.02 0.14 0.03

176.97 161.77 159.31 2.46 13.44 0.55 0.53 0.37 0.15 0.02

171.04 156.88 154.48 2.39 12.97 0.51 0.59 0.42 0.17 0.03

171.21 155.11 152.82 2.29 12.54 0.48 0.59 0.42 0.17 0.03

-0.43 0.13 -0.07 2.75 -1.77 18.25 -0.08 10.07 -2.81 11.48 -3.20 1.98 11.06 -

-2.76 -1.42 -1.15 -7.50 -7.56 -12.32 -10.16 -14.38 -

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

383.17 224.46 210.89 13.57 130.03 0.02 20.55 0.24 10.63 0.13 0.88 8.66 2.38 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

0.01 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.113

GERMANY 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

51.64 34.97 106.08 -

44.06 27.23 102.55 0.12 -

18.66 15.86 52.05 0.04 -

15.01 10.75 54.89 0.04 -

8.06 5.15 52.37 -

2.26 1.54 52.54 -

1.40 1.34 51.00 -

-1.32 -2.06 -0.28 -

-10.42 -10.08 -2.45 -

52.24 37.95 377.89 -

44.58 31.98 357.47 0.43 -

18.86 18.51 167.69 0.15 -

15.17 12.85 177.91 0.13 -

8.15 5.96 169.40 -

2.29 1.55 171.29 -

1.42 1.35 166.26 -

-1.31 -1.42 -0.46 -

-10.42 -10.60 -2.69 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

17.48 9.61 2.41 1.34 4.12

16.43 10.75 1.69 1.06 2.94

31.74 20.28 4.56 0.91 5.99

37.97 26.82 7.36 0.00 3.78

46.55 34.19 7.71 4.66

53.54 42.73 7.76 0.01 3.03

56.66 41.96 12.19 0.02 2.50

48.29 33.18 12.71 0.02 2.37

42.83 28.24 12.24 0.01 2.34

30.12 5.29 13.20 0.00 11.63

11.65 1.63 3.96 0.05 0.12 5.89

0.80 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.47

0.89 0.25 0.00 0.03 0.61

1.35 0.25 0.01 1.09

2.01 0.18 0.33 1.49

2.00 0.28 1.72

2.14 0.22 1.92

2.12 0.20 0.00 1.91

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.114 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

GERMANY 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

17656

15663

29744

37114

45725

54548

57783

50516

44393

2435 48 553 89

1706 58 25 28 116 48 2

4608 3414 865 50 257 19

7152 3403 1485 832 1135 -

7793 2577 557 2393 -

7845 3321 249 732 2293 -

12320 6088 1487 2 2896 47

12847 5493 1481 1 3311 33

12370 5154 1539 3481 39

20 x x 1725

177 x x 1252

2 1 x -

132 90 x 49 26

312 574 x 1030 350

181 10 x 734 325

149 194 x 1263 194

201 x 1783 544

173 x 1373 611

10430 763 428 152 2041 554 399 637

11874 1094 45 248 2583 284 689 637

23340 301 1061 6744 37 432 1236

29953 768 172 12 7924 132 64

37932 1529 587 15 5835 1 3321 137

46683 2831 1050 350 2463 8 5186 319

45437 4069 846 2451 4 6182 135

37639 142 160 1239 1253 5749 1528

32002 8 13 18 246 1000 6266 1822

21 1108 96 x x 4231

8 128 38 4512 157 x x 1451

67 2719 149 4577 x 937 341 114 4625

2937 8215 x 7497 2232

7548 2714 x 10104 6141

16 6876 2603 x 13998 56 10927

12 8054 1251 x 15029 50 7354

12 6173 1 1426 x 17224 69 5 2658

10 3786 871 x 17664 119 179

4791

2083

1796

9

-

20

26

30

21

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.115

GERMANY 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

13354

4002

3

-

6

-

-

-

4

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

12335 213 1897 x 5020 2480 375 x x 286 975 x 447 234 18 89 198 103

3902 717 1443 859 465 415 3 -

3 1 1 1 -

-

6 6 -

-

-

-

-

1019 15 520 5 -

100 100 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

479

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.116 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

GERMANY 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

5737

1510

276

255

247

179

278

222

202

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5381 15 2123 944 x 1574 7 32 x x 14 467 18 6 x 38 60 32 51 -

1186 6 678 3 81 5 28 1 48 45 1 42 5 38 205 -

275 98 82 75 1 6 3 3 1 5 1 -

252 9 78 2 1 74 5 3 75 2 1 1 1 -

41 3 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 10 4 5 -

56 3 1 7 33 5 1 1 4 1 -

142 3 2 11 93 1 29 3 -

97 3 1 11 50 26 1 2 3 -

94 3 18 12 40 13 1 3 4 -

53 -

324 5 3 -

-

1 1

1 1

-

15 15 -

14 1 13 -

1 1

53

316

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

303

-

1

2

205

122

121

111

106

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.117

GREECE1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

500

45

100%

450

40

90%

35

80%

400 350

70%

30

300

60%

25

250

50% 20

200

40%

15

150

30%

100

10

20%

50

5

10%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

14

16

12

14

100% 90% 80%

12

10

70%

10

60%

8 8

50%

6

40%

6 4

30%

4

2

2

0 1971

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

100%

Other transformation Other use

120

100% 90%

90%

60

80% 50

70%

100

80% 70%

80

60%

60%

40

50% 30

60

50% 40%

40% 30%

20

20% 10

40

30% 20%

20

10%

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

0 1971

20%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

III.118 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

GREECE 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

2.4 0.7 -0.0 -0.1

4.2 0.5 -0.1

10.2 1.3 0.0

11.7 1.2 -0.1 0.1

10.5 0.6 0.2

5.7 0.3 0.3

6.5 0.3 0.0

6.3 0.3 0.1

8.8 4.0 -

-1.6 -5.0 -

8.2

-1.9

3.0

4.7

11.5

12.9

11.2

6.2

6.9

6.6

Statistical differences

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.6

-0.1

..

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-3.9 e

-9.9

-11.8

-10.9

-6.5

-6.5

..

9.5

-1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-2.0 -2.0 -

-3.8 -3.8 -

-9.8 -9.8 -

-11.8 -11.8 -

-10.9 -10.9 -

-6.5 -6.5 -

-6.5 -6.5 -

.. .. ..

9.8 9.8 -

-1.5 -1.5 -

Gas works

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation4

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e 0.0 -

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e -0.1 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.3 -

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

0.7

0.7

1.7

1.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

..

5.1

-6.5

0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3

0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3

1.5 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.3

1.2 1.0 0.2

0.4 0.2 0.2

0.3 0.0 0.2

0.3 0.1 0.2

.. .. .. .. .. ..

Transport9

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.8 -3.8 1.8

-

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

6.4 -6.2 5.6 36.6 -11.0 -0.1 -0.6

5.3 10.2 25.2 34.3 30.8 18.9 18.8 17.9 9.7 -1.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances . 5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.119

GREECE 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

22.11 19.83 19.83 0.66 0.21 0.02 0.49 0.21 0.29 0.00 0.83

53.43 50.53 50.53 0.35 1.89 0.20 1.31 0.38 0.08 0.58

65.69 63.87 63.87 0.24 1.50 1.05 0.45 0.08 -

58.32 57.81 57.81 0.48 0.27 0.21 0.03 -

44.55 44.02 44.02 0.47 0.08 0.39 0.05 -

34.56 34.18 34.18 0.32 0.05 0.27 0.04 -

38.44 38.01 38.01 0.35 0.07 0.28 0.04 -

7.63 8.11 8.11 -5.14 11.85 -0.25 2.40 31.33 -2.96

-1.21 -1.05 -1.05 -6.08 -10.47 -1.13 -2.19 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.15 0.02 0.13 0.13 0.00 -

1.38 1.38 1.29 0.09 0.00 -

1.12 0.01 0.01 1.12 1.05 0.07 -

0.61 0.16 0.16 0.46 0.27 0.19 -

0.28 0.28 0.08 0.20 -

0.33 0.31 0.05 0.26 -

0.38 0.34 0.07 0.27 -

20.18 21.66 -3.54 -

-4.70 -5.07 -10.43 4.40 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.21 0.21 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.120 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

GREECE 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

21.74 19.83 19.83 0.66 0.36 0.21 0.16 0.83

52.05 50.53 50.53 0.35 0.52 0.20 0.02 0.30 0.08 0.58

64.56 63.86 63.86 0.24 0.38 0.00 0.38 0.08 -

57.70 57.66 57.66 0.02 0.02 0.03 -

44.27 44.02 44.02 0.19 0.19 0.05 -

34.23 34.18 34.18 0.01 0.01 0.04 -

38.06 38.01 38.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 -

7.55 8.11 8.11 -5.14 2.96 -0.25 5.46 -2.96

-1.15 -1.05 -1.05 -13.49 -11.74 -2.15 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.121

GREECE 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

3.97 -

10.17 -

11.75 -

12.20 -

10.45 -

6.52 -

6.25 -

8.16 -

-1.63 -

21.82 -

51.90 -

63.89 -

69.40 -

56.52 -

37.73 -

36.14 -

7.49 -

-1.17 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.40 0.12 0.21 0.07

1.31 1.28 0.03

1.16 1.16 0.00

0.57 0.56 0.00

0.57 0.57 0.01 0.00

0.23 0.23 -

0.27 0.27 -

0.33 0.33 -

0.30 0.30 -

0.06 0.06

-

0.06 0.05 0.00 -

0.04 0.01 0.03

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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III.122 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

GREECE 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

349

1380

1245

646

651

257

312

411

379

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

213 159 54 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

136 48 1 75 -

1380 35 4

1245 110 -

646 71

617 47 51

257 -

312 -

411 36 -

379 43 -

12 x x -

1017 324 x x -

119 205 447 x 321 43 -

63 132 x 380 -

76 45 x 398 -

44 x 165 48 -

x 303 9 -

x 370 5

x 336 -

-

-

-

-

34

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.123

HUNGARY1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 45

100%

40

90%

35

80%

100

80

70%

30

60%

25 60

50% 20

40

40%

15

30%

10

20%

5

10%

20

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0 1971

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 45

100%

90

100%

40

90%

80

90%

35

80%

70

80%

70%

30

60%

25

70%

60

60%

50

50%

50% 20

40%

15

30%

10

20%

5

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

40

40%

30

30%

20

20%

10

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

10%

III.124 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

HUNGARY 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

8.6 2.5 -0.2 0.3

9.1 3.2 -0.0 -0.2

6.0 2.3 -0.0 0.5

4.1 1.7 -0.2 -0.2

2.3 2.0 -0.4 -0.0

2.1 1.5 -0.5 0.0

1.8 1.8 -0.4 -0.0

1.8 1.8 -0.3 -0.1

-2.1 -0.4 -28.6

-4.3 -1.0 27.9

Primary supply

11.3

12.0

8.9

5.5

3.9

3.1

3.2

3.2

-1.4

-3.7

1.2

0.6

-0.8

0.0

-0.0

0.0

0.0

..

Total transformation

-6.5 e

-7.5 e

-4.7 e

-4.6 e

-3.1 e

-2.6 e

-2.5 e

..

-1.9

-2.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-5.8 -5.4 -0.4

-6.9 -6.5 -0.5

-4.5 -4.2 -0.2

-4.1 -4.1 -

-2.6 -2.6 -

-2.3 -2.2 -0.0

-2.0 -2.0 -0.1

.. .. ..

-1.5 -1.4 -3.7

-2.9 -2.8 -5.1

0.3

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.0 e 0.4 -0.9 e -0.4 -0.1

-0.8 e 0.4 -0.9 e -0.3 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-9.1 -3.2 -5.3 -

2.7 -1.4 -3.7 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-0.2 e -0.5 e -0.1 0.5

-0.5 e -0.4 e -0.2 0.0

-0.5 e -0.4 e -0.1 -

-0.3 e -0.2 e -0.0 -

-0.4 e -0.4 e -0.1 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

-0.2

0.2

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

5.8

5.1

3.4

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.6

..

-3.2

-6.0

2.2 0.9 e 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.7

1.8 0.9 e 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5

0.8 0.6 e 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

0.5 0.4 e 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.4 0.3 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.3 0.2 e 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.4 0.3 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-5.8 -2.4 -2.8 -2.6 -9.1 -9.8 -1.8 - 15.3 -8.9 -10.5

Transport9

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

3.0 0.7 2.2 0.2 -

3.0 0.3 2.7 0.1 -

2.6 0.1 2.4 0.0 -

0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 -

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

-30.3

-

-1.0 -8.9 -9.2 -14.2 0.5 -8.7 -8.9 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 11.6 12.0 8.7 9.7 6.4 5.8 5.1 4.8 -1.7 -1.9 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.125

HUNGARY (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

27.96 18.29 17.61 0.68 1.42 1.38 2.67 0.28 0.27 1.06 0.06 1.00 3.50 -

20.31 14.53 14.34 0.20 1.83 0.96 0.65 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.01 0.27 2.29 -

15.17 13.02 13.02 0.10 1.28 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.64 -

10.99 9.11 9.11 1.41 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.39 -

10.71 8.90 8.90 1.33 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.40 -

10.58 8.88 8.87 0.01 1.22 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.40 -

9.66 7.74 7.70 0.03 1.32 0.18 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.01 0.43 -

-2.63 -1.90 -1.70 -9.75 2.14 -3.04 -11.15 -9.64 -8.75 -13.03 -17.57 -10.39 -3.50 -

-2.71 -2.31 -2.27 -6.32 1.21 -4.69 -11.57 -3.99 11.02 -12.64 -6.03 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

3.34 1.62 1.56 0.06 0.33 0.38 0.19 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.87 -

1.44 0.93 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.40 -

0.39 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.11 0.11 0.21 -

0.65 0.37 0.37 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.22 -

0.22 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.07 -

0.31 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.13 -

0.20 0.03 0.03 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.04 -

-6.81 8.97 -10.29 -9.95 -7.85 -13.19 -9.91 -6.23 -

-7.07 0.68 -10.15 1.61 -11.61 -8.26 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1.74 1.38 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.16 -

0.97 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

1.28 1.28 -

1.42 1.41 -

1.33 1.33 -

1.22 1.22 -

1.32 1.32 -

-4.74 -3.04 -10.91 -9.91 -20.46 -

1.14 1.21 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

III.126 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

HUNGARY (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

22.88 16.68 16.06 0.62 1.09 2.28 0.08 0.25 0.99 0.06 0.91 2.48 -

17.90 14.53 14.34 0.20 0.90 0.54 0.03 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.24 1.88 -

13.50 12.97 12.97 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.43 -

8.92 8.74 8.74 0.01 0.01 0.17 -

9.16 8.82 8.82 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.33 -

9.05 8.77 8.77 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.27 -

8.14 7.70 7.70 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.39 -

-2.02 -1.14 -0.94 -9.07 -1.55 -11.31 -8.93 -8.81 -13.02 -17.57 -10.44 -2.31 -

-2.87 -2.32 -2.27 -8.31 -5.02 -12.78 -5.68 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.127

HUNGARY 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.87 1.08 7.12 -

0.17 0.14 5.72 -

4.13 -

2.50 -

2.28 -

1.83 -

1.81 -

-12.69 -15.56 -1.80 -

-4.13 -

0.86 2.50 22.74 -

0.17 0.33 17.33 -

14.03 -

9.57 -

9.11 -

7.97 -

7.89 -

-12.69 -15.56 -2.24 -

-2.84 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

2.96 0.86 0.60 1.51

2.33 0.64 0.65 0.14 0.90

1.73 1.26 0.33 0.13 0.01

2.08 0.47 0.96 0.43 0.22

2.02 0.26 1.57 0.17 0.02

1.58 0.06 1.33 0.11 0.03 0.06

1.55 0.15 1.24 0.08 0.03 0.05

1.80 0.18 1.37 0.13 0.12

1.77 0.14 1.41 0.11 0.11

0.05 0.02 0.03

0.00 0.00 -

0.19 0.00 0.19

0.22 0.00 0.11 0.10

0.40 0.01 0.00 0.39

0.45 0.09 0.36

0.53 0.06 0.48

0.39 0.00 0.39

0.32 0.00 0.32

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.128 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

HUNGARY 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

1630

1763

1891

2152

2059

1597

1562

1752

1724

817 -

610 -

1234 800 251 51 -

898 115 230 217 52 -

1460 380 129 840 -

1310 78 140 232 121 739 -

1222 24 179 370 77 563 -

1341 227 108 162 27 713 -

1381 78 182 41 844 -

817 e x x -

610 e x x -

x 132 -

x 284 -

46 x 65 -

x -

x 9 -

x 104 -

x 233 3

813 -

890 -

430 42 294 -

1254 408 263 1

599 292 17 59 -

224 123 24 36 2

292 145 15 106 3

204 15 161 10 -

161 10 121 24 -

x x 813

x x 890

x 94 -

x 582 -

x 220 11 -

x 39 -

x 23 -

2 x 16 -

x 6 -

-

263

227

-

-

63

48

207

182

Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.129

ICELAND1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 14000 12000

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 9

100%

8

90%

7

80%

10000

70%

6 8000

5

6000

4

60% 50% 40%

3

4000 2000

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

20%

1

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

0.18

0.16

0.16

0.14

0.14

100% 90% 80%

0.12

0.12

70%

0.10

60%

0.10 0.08

50%

0.08

40%

0.06

0.06

30%

0.04

0.04 0.02

0.02

0.00 1971

0.00 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

20% 10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2011

100%

Other transformation Other use

2.5

100% 90%

90% 20

80%

2.0

80% 70%

70% 15

60%

1.5

60% 50%

50% 10

40%

1.0

40% 30%

30% 5

20%

0.5

20% 10%

10% 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 25

2006

0.0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

30%

2

III.130 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ICELAND 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

0.0 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 0.0

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

31.3 -

1.6 -

Primary supply

31.3

1.6

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Statistical differences

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

..

Total transformation

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

Gas works

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption6 7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

31.3

1.8

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

1.8 2.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh ----------1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.131

ICELAND 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

0.07 0.07 0.05 0.01 -

0.10 0.10 0.09 0.01 0.00 -

0.11 0.11 0.10 0.01 -

0.12 0.12 0.12 -

0.12 0.12 0.12 -

0.13 0.13 0.13 -

-

2.52 2.60 3.45 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

0.07 0.07 0.05 0.01 -

0.10 0.10 0.09 0.01 0.00 -

0.11 0.11 0.10 0.01 -

0.12 0.12 0.12 -

0.12 0.12 0.12 -

0.13 0.13 0.13 -

-

2.52 2.60 3.45 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.132 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ICELAND 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

-

0.09 0.06 0.03

0.14 0.10 0.04

0.14 0.11 0.03

0.12 0.10 0.02

0.13 0.11 0.02

0.14 0.12 0.02

0.14 0.12 0.00 0.02

0.14 0.12 0.00 0.02

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.133

ICELAND 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

-

65

101

117

106

116

125

127

127

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

-

65 13 52 -

101 6 7 4 48 26

117 39 8 9 61

106 14 4 20 68

116 35 29 52

125 16 109

127 3 124

127 -

x x -

x x -

10 x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x 127

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.134 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

IRELAND1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 180

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 25

100% 90%

160 20

140

80% 70%

120 15

100

60% 50%

80

10

40%

60

30%

40

5

20%

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

6

6

5

5

4

4

100% 90% 80% 70% 60%

3

3

2

2

1

1

0 1971

0 1971

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

30 25 20 15 10 5

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

1986

1991

1996

2001

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

100%

50

100%

90%

45

90%

80%

40

80%

70%

35

70%

60%

30

60%

50%

25

50%

40%

20

40%

30%

15

30%

20%

10

20%

10%

5

10%

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1981

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

35

0 1971

1976

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1976

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.135

IRELAND 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

1.5 0.8 -0.1 0.0

1.5 1.2 -0.0 0.0

2.0 2.9 -0.0 -0.0

1.4 2.4 -0.0 -0.1

1.4 1.4 -0.0 -0.0

1.0 1.6 -0.0 0.4

1.1 1.8 -0.0 -0.2

1.1 1.2 -0.0 -0.3

1.7 7.6 -6.6

-2.4 -1.8 -

4.6

-2.3

2.3

2.7

4.9

3.7

2.8

3.0

2.6

2.0

-

-0.0

0.2

-0.0

0.0

0.0

-0.0

..

Total transformation

-0.8

-0.7

-2.7

-2.8

-1.9

-2.3

-1.9

..

7.5

-1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.9 -0.9 -

-0.8 -0.8 -0.0

-2.6 -2.6 -0.0

-2.7 -2.7 -0.0

-1.9 -1.9 -0.0

-2.3 -2.3 -0.0

-1.9 -1.9 -0.0

.. .. ..

6.4 6.3 -

-1.1 -1.1 -

0.2

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

0.0 0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 c

-0.0 -0.0 c

-0.0 -0.0 c

-0.0 -0.0 c

-0.0 -0.0 c

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

1.5

1.9

2.4

0.9

0.9

0.7

0.6

..

2.9

-5.0

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.0 0.2

0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

7.7 1.1

-3.1 -1.5 -4.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.4 1.4 -

1.8 0.1 1.7 -

2.1 0.0 2.0 -

0.8 0.0 0.8 -

0.7 0.7 -

0.5 0.5 -

0.5 0.5 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.4 2.3 -

-5.4 -5.4 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 1.8 1.7 8.2 8.6 5.7 7.0 5.8 4.2 9.2 -1.3 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.136 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

IRELAND 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.54 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.46 -

3.20 1.97 1.96 0.01 c 0.34 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.11 1.05 -

2.94 2.35 2.34 0.01 c 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.38 -

2.00 1.47 1.47 c 0.17 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.33 -

2.31 1.89 1.89 c 0.16 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.27 -

2.24 1.85 1.85 c 0.16 0.13 0.03 0.23 -

1.79 1.45 1.45 c 0.15 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.18 -

15.92 45.40 45.37 19.75 9.20 7.25 -

-2.13 -1.11 -1.10 -2.89 -1.57 -4.47 -6.31 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.54 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.46 -

3.18 1.97 1.96 0.01 c 0.33 0.03 0.19 0.11 1.05 -

2.94 2.35 2.34 0.01 c 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.38 -

2.00 1.47 1.47 c 0.17 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.33 -

2.31 1.89 1.89 c 0.16 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.27 -

2.24 1.85 1.85 c 0.16 0.13 0.03 0.23 -

1.79 1.45 1.45 c 0.15 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.18 -

15.88 45.40 45.37 19.33 9.20 7.25 -

-2.11 -1.11 -1.10 -2.74 -1.57 -4.47 -6.31 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.137

IRELAND 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

5.91 2.86 2.81 0.06 0.75 2.30 -

6.08 3.18 3.11 0.06 0.99 1.82 -

3.92 2.64 2.57 0.07 0.68 0.57 -

3.79 2.68 2.63 0.05 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.53 -

3.50 2.74 2.71 0.03 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.41 -

3.53 2.68 2.64 0.04 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.41 -

3.41 2.59 2.56 0.03 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.41 -

0.24 0.87 0.86 1.00 2.33 -1.91 -

-2.12 -0.75 -0.72 -2.26 -3.82 -5.39 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

III.138 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

IRELAND 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.02 1.50 -

0.02 2.02 -

1.38 -

1.21 -

1.44 -

1.06 -

1.14 -

0.45 2.50 -

-2.34 -

0.02 5.24 -

0.03 6.52 -

4.81 -

3.96 -

4.99 -

3.59 -

3.87 -

1.46 1.82 -

-2.18 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.58 0.57 0.01

2.87 2.80 0.01 0.06

2.42 2.40 0.03

2.72 2.69 0.04

1.38 1.36 0.02

2.12 2.10 0.02

1.65 1.64 0.01

1.76 1.75 0.01

1.19 1.18 0.01

0.08 0.05 0.01 0.02

0.03 0.03 0.00

0.01 0.01 c

0.01 0.01 c

0.01 0.01 0.00

0.02 0.01 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.00

0.02 0.02 0.00

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.139

IRELAND 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

565

3081

2747

3024

1598

2394

1912

1987

1334

-

14 2 2 2 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

3 x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

565 6 331 214 -

3067 21 430 302 1277 115

2747 292 176 123 452 -

3024 299 5 288 19 36

1598 0 278 37 -

2394 0 111 80 -

1912 0 97 92 -

1987 0 24 63 -

1334 26 43 -

11 x x 3

7 667 17 71 15 x x 5 140

904 327 418 x 55

9 1013 602 634 x 9 110

1184 38 x 60

2014 x 189

1355 x 0 367

1744 x 3 153

827 x 4 434

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.140 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ISRAEL1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

70000

40

60000

35

100% 90% 80%

30

50000

70% 25

60%

40000 20

50%

30000

40%

15

30%

20000

10 20%

10000

5

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0 1971

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

70

80%

60

2006

2011

Other transformation Other use

80

100% 90%

70

80%

60

70%

70%

50

60%

40

50% 40%

30

30%

20

50

60%

40

50% 40%

30

30%

20

20%

20%

10

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

0 1971

1976

10 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1976

10%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.141

ISRAEL 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

0.0 -0.0

0.0 3.5 -0.2

0.0 8.6 0.6

0.0 10.5 -

0.1 7.5 0.3

0.1 7.2 -0.2

0.1 6.6 0.2

55.4 -

2.6 2.8 -

Primary supply

0.0

0.0

3.3

9.2

10.6

7.9

7.1

6.8

54.9

2.9

-

-

0.1

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-0.0

-0.0

-3.4

-9.2

-10.6

-7.8

-7.1

..

59.8

2.8

-

-

-3.4 -3.4 -

-9.2 -9.2 -0.0

-10.6 -10.5 -0.0

-7.8 -7.7 -0.1

-7.1 -7.0 -0.1

.. .. ..

-

2.8 2.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

..

-

-

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3 Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Transport9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 10.5 29.4 34.3 24.2 22.1 21.0 2.8 ---1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.142 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ISRAEL 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

3.72 3.70 3.70 0.02 0.02 -

10.59 10.22 10.22 0.03 0.03 -

12.31 12.30 12.30 -

11.04 10.66 10.66 0.00

9.18 9.13 9.13 0.00

8.28 8.31 8.31 0.00

-

3.01 3.04 3.04 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

3.72 3.70 3.70 0.02 0.02 -

10.59 10.22 10.22 0.03 0.03 -

12.31 12.30 12.30 -

11.04 10.66 10.66 0.00

9.18 9.13 9.13 0.00

8.28 8.31 8.31 0.00

-

3.01 3.04 3.04 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.143

ISRAEL 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

0.30 0.30 0.30 -

0.39 0.46 0.27 0.18 -

0.43 0.43 0.43 -

0.42 0.42 0.42 -

0.42 0.42 0.42 -

0.45 0.45 0.45 -

-

1.47 1.47 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.144 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ISRAEL 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

-

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.06

0.06

-

2.61

-

0.30

0.39

0.43

0.43

0.45

0.41

-

1.47

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.00 0.00

3.48 3.48 -

8.62 8.62 -

11.03 11.03 -

10.54 10.54 -

9.40 9.40 -

7.46 7.46 -

7.24 7.24 -

6.56 6.56 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.145

ISRAEL 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

-

3998

9917

12685

12310

11042

8795

8516

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

-

3998 -

9917 -

12685 -

12310 -

11042 -

8795 -

8516 -

-

x x -

x x 3998

x 9917

x 12685

4234 3145 x 1931 3000

5846 2558 x 2202 436

4546 1003 x 2492 754

3922 1166 x 3003 425

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.146 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ITALY1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 200

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 300

100%

180

90% 250

160 140

80% 70%

200

120

60%

100

150

50%

80

40% 100

60 40

30% 20%

50

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

30

30

25

25

20

20

100% 90% 80% 70% 60%

15

15

10

10

5

5

0 1971

0 1971

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

300 250 200 150 100 50

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

1986

1991

1996

2001

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

100%

500

100%

90%

450

90%

80%

400

80%

70%

350

70%

60%

300

60%

50%

250

50%

40%

200

40%

30%

150

30%

20%

100

20%

10%

50

10%

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1981

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

350

0 1971

1976

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1976

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.147

ITALY 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.4 11.7 -0.6 0.1

0.5 17.4 -0.7 -0.4

0.4 19.8 -0.2 0.9

0.0 18.9 -0.1 -0.8

0.1 20.0 -0.3 -0.3

15.7 -0.4 0.4

13.7 -0.3 -0.0

12.7 -0.4 -0.1

-0.5 3.2 -6.5

-1.4 1.9

Primary supply

11.6

16.7

20.9

17.9

19.5

15.7

13.3

12.2

3.5

-1.6

0.1

0.0

0.2

-0.5

0.0

0.1

0.4

..

Total transformation

-4.2 e

-9.1 e

-14.7

-13.2 e

-16.8 e

-14.3 e

-12.6 e

..

7.6

-0.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-1.9 -1.9 -

-6.0 -4.9 -1.1

-11.4 -10.2 -1.3

-9.6 -9.6 ..

-14.5 -14.5 -0.0

-12.6 -11.7 -0.9

-11.3 -10.4 -0.9

.. .. ..

11.1 10.4 -

-0.0 0.1 -1.2

0.7

0.7

0.3

0.0

-

-

-

..

-4.9

-

-3.0 e -2.2 e -0.8 -

-3.8 e -2.2 e -1.6 0.0

-3.5 -2.3 -1.2 -

-3.7 e -2.1 e -1.6 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.0 0.3 2.5 -

-3.7 -2.8 -6.5 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-2.3 e -1.6 e -0.6 -

-1.7 e -1.5 e -0.2 -

-1.3 e -1.1 e -0.2 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.7

-2.0

-1.2

-0.4

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

..

-1.9

-9.6

Losses Final consumption6

-0.5

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-

..

5.3

5.5

5.1

3.8

2.7

1.5

1.1

..

-0.2

-5.5

3.8 2.8 0.3 0.2 0.6

4.3 2.9 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.5

4.7 2.9 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.2

3.5 2.7 e 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3

2.5 2.4 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

1.4 1.0 e 0.3 0.1

1.0 0.8 e 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. .. ..

1.3 0.4 -1.0 11.3 -5.7

-5.5 -4.7 -6.6 -

Transport9

0.2

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

1.2 1.2 -

1.2 1.2 -

0.4 0.4 -

0.1 0.1 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.2

0.1

0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.4 -6.4 -

-

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 5.2 18.3 35.8 30.5 44.4 38.4 35.1 30.5 12.0 -0.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.148 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ITALY 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 1978

1990

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

13.69 3.27 3.22 0.05 0.01 9.90 0.35 0.06 0.01 0.21 0.07 0.11 -

22.42 11.84 11.82 0.02 8.61 0.17 1.72 0.24 0.00 1.41 0.06 0.06 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2.51 2.07 2.02 0.05 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.01 0.20 0.07 0.07 -

12.69 10.78 10.77 0.02 0.17 1.68 0.22 0.00 1.40 0.06 0.06 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

9.91 9.90 -

8.63 8.61 -

2

2000

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

2010

2015

2016

2017

18.04 9.53 9.53 .. 6.38 0.94 e 0.91 0.26 e 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.10 e 0.00 0.23

21.77 15.05 15.03 0.02 4.92 0.92 e 0.65 0.54 e 0.00 0.10 0.01 e 0.01 0.18

19.46 16.31 16.30 0.02 2.15 0.61 e 0.29 0.06 e 0.23 - e 0.09

17.04 13.37 13.35 0.02 2.35 0.84 e 0.39 0.01 e 0.38 - e 0.09

15.20 12.12 12.11 0.02 2.26 0.46 e 0.27 0.02 e 0.25 0.00 e 0.08

4.19 11.33 11.44 -8.42 -1.15 14.25 12.81 -9.91 17.39 -0.86 -4.84 -

-1.43 0.09 0.09 0.55 -4.84 3.76 -6.62 -8.48 -6.23 -72.32 -

11.36 9.53 9.53 .. 0.94 e 0.88 0.26 e 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.08 e 0.00 -

16.62 15.05 15.03 0.02 0.92 e 0.65 0.54 e 0.00 0.10 0.01 e 0.01 -

17.21 16.31 16.30 0.02 0.61 e 0.28 0.06 e 0.22 - e -

14.60 13.37 13.35 0.02 0.84 e 0.39 0.01 e 0.38 - e -

12.89 12.12 12.11 0.02 0.03 0.46 e 0.27 0.02 e 0.25 - e -

14.46 14.77 14.97 -8.42 15.08 19.30 -9.91 17.56 -1.12 -1.87 -

0.06 0.44 0.44 0.55 3.76 -6.58 -8.15 -6.24 -

6.66 6.38 0.23

5.15 4.92 0.18

2.25 2.15 0.09

2.44 2.35 0.09

2.31 2.23 0.08

-1.14 -1.15 -

-4.77 -4.89 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.149

ITALY 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

1.27 1.20 1.20 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.03 -

1.09 1.06 1.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -

0.03 0.00 0.00 .. 0.03 0.01 0.02 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-1.27 -1.07 -1.07 -0.49 -2.55 5.02 -

-20.46 -9.46 -5.00 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

III.150 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ITALY 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.01 0.43 -

0.05 0.34 -

0.00 -

0.09 -

0.09 -

-

-

20.81 -1.89 -

-

0.01 1.20 -

0.06 0.96 -

0.01 -

0.10 -

0.10 -

-

-

20.81 -1.89 -

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

12.92 2.19 10.58 0.02 0.13

19.83 10.53 9.14 0.05 0.11

18.90 10.78 7.61 0.00 0.51

23.62 16.66 6.11 0.00 0.84

20.00 14.37 5.36 0.25 0.00 0.02

17.97 14.60 2.42 0.29 0.00 0.66

15.66 12.07 2.55 0.08 0.00 0.95

13.71 10.65 2.39 0.01 0.00 0.66

12.68 9.64 2.40 0.00 0.63

0.70 0.70

0.20 0.20

0.12 0.00 0.12

0.23 0.23

0.30 0.00 0.30

0.37 0.07 0.30

0.37 0.37

0.33 0.33

0.36 0.00 0.35

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.151

ITALY 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

12526

20578

19027

24158

22112

19634

16707

15237

14014

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

10007 1347 2537 1525 3027 -

8648 1045 212 804 158 6236 12

7198 2463 1280 3281 -

5784 2109 637 283 2431 -

5066 1896 865 2305 -

2292 757 266 1269 -

2415 711 300 1404 -

2257 297 303 1631 -

2273 436 210 1595 -

1036 x x 535

15 131 x x 35

174 x -

205 x 14 105 -

x -

x -

x -

x 15 11 -

x 27 5

2451 1437 52 -

11797 109 507 4800 148

11817 1141 1 912 4 -

18366 682 506 1 182 204 1

17040 598 460 995

17339 63 1701 482

14290 6 287 208

12977 60 1276 39

11739 1926 43

960 x x 2

310 290 4884 609 x x 140 -

369 1759 1919 3548 x 993 56 1115 -

2997 6800 4395 x 1082 1025 445 46

1762 7027 3919 x 2092 89 98 -

2930 3387 4144 x 4064 480 88 -

4406 1079 3196 x 4402 632 74 -

3336 879 1123 x 5494 768 -

2847 859 296 x 4943 795 31 -

68

133

12

8

6

3

2

2

2

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

III.152 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

JAPAN1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 200

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 800

180

100% 90%

700

160

80% 600

140

70%

120

500

100

400

80

60% 50% 40%

300

60

30% 200

40

20% 100

20 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

200

200

100%

180

180

90%

160

160

80%

140

140

70%

120

120

60%

100

100

50%

80

80

40%

60

60

30%

40

40

20%

20

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

1 200 1 000 800

2011

Other transformation Other use

100% 1 400

100%

90%

90%

1 200

80%

80%

70% 1 000

70%

60%

60%

800

50%

50% 600

40% 30%

400

600

40% 30%

400

20%

20% 200 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 1 400

2006

200 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.153

JAPAN 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.6 59.0 -0.6 -1.3

15.6 70.0 -2.1 1.6

6.4 105.0 -1.9 0.1

2.2 139.2 -2.7 -0.2

0.8 164.6 -0.7 0.1

1.1 166.4 -1.0 -0.1

1.1 166.4 -1.2 0.1

0.8 165.1 -1.5 -0.1

-7.8 3.4 7.3

-6.3 1.7 -1.7

Primary supply

82.7

85.1

109.6

138.6

164.9

166.3

166.4

164.4

1.7

1.6

Statistical differences

-2.5

-1.9

5.7

-7.1

-6.0

-0.5

-0.2

..

Total transformation

-41.2 e

-43.4 e

-71.1 e

-97.0 e

-121.4 e

-131.1 e

-130.9 e

..

3.3

2.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-17.1 -17.1 -

-15.0 -11.5 -3.6

-38.6 -28.8 -9.8

-66.7 -55.5 -11.2

-92.1 -73.9 -18.2

-103.0 -93.6 -9.4

-103.4 -95.5 -8.0

.. .. ..

4.9 3.1 -

3.7 4.5 -0.8

3.4

4.7

-0.6

-0.3

-

-

-

..

-

-

-27.5 e -24.5 e -3.0 -0.0

-33.1 e -20.1 e -13.1 0.1

-31.9 e -25.6 e -6.2 -0.0

-30.0 e -28.3 e -1.8 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.9 0.3 4.4 -

-0.6 -0.1 -3.7 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-29.3 e -26.7 e -2.6 -

-28.1 e -25.9 e -2.2 -

-27.4 e -25.2 e -2.2 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.4

-3.4

-5.3

-4.4

-5.0

-4.4

-4.3

..

1.1

-0.8

Losses Final consumption6

-0.1

-0.3

-

-

-

-

-

..

34.4

36.1

38.9

30.0

32.5

30.4

31.1

..

0.7

-0.8

26.6 23.2 e 3.4

30.6 23.0 e 0.4 4.3 0.1 2.6

37.8 19.0 e 6.1 e 9.0 1.6 2.0

29.4 15.1 e 4.3 e 7.0 2.1 0.8

31.9 18.2 e 6.0 e 4.9 2.3 0.5

29.6 16.5 e 5.5 e 4.8 2.4 0.4

30.3 17.0 e 5.5 e 4.9 2.5 0.4

.. .. .. .. .. ..

2.1 -1.2 -3.1

-0.8 -0.4 -0.4 -2.3 1.6 -5.8

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9

0.3

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-28.0

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

7.5 1.3 6.1 0.1 -

5.5 1.0 4.5 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 1.1

0.0 0.0 0.6

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6

0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-22.4 -28.4 -21.7 -

2.0 14.5 -1.9

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 37.3 54.9 122.7 222.6 310.9 349.2 351.8 320.3 7.3 4.0 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.154 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

JAPAN 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

69.84 8.57 8.57 0.34 55.20 4.52 2.67 0.29 0.23 0.71 0.05 1.40 0.59 -

114.97 33.52 27.27 6.25 0.11 66.14 5.24 e 17.01 1.93 e 3.09 9.36 1.93 0.71 e 0.01 0.23

153.19 66.17 57.81 8.36 55.62 10.93 e 16.85 3.26 e 3.74 7.11 2.44 0.30 e 0.01 0.00

186.55 99.65 82.50 17.15 54.72 11.64 e 16.92 4.24 e 4.75 5.10 2.71 0.12 e 0.01 0.00

190.50 113.17 93.80 19.37 47.51 14.00 e 17.12 4.16 e 4.65 5.17 3.03 0.12 e 0.01 0.00

187.18 113.11 104.71 8.40 48.54 14.04 e 16.44 3.96 e 4.46 5.11 2.81 0.10 e 0.01 0.00

188.28 114.22 107.46 6.76 47.89 14.37 e 16.75 3.90 e 4.54 5.28 2.95 0.08 e 0.03 0.00

4.24 12.03 10.12 -9.36 1.52 16.69 17.09 24.30 23.97 36.51 -5.46 -32.62 -

1.84 4.65 5.21 0.29 -1.19 3.81 -0.06 2.65 1.43 -2.10 1.59 -7.73 6.18 -20.46

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

11.08 8.57 8.57 0.34 0.08 0.07 2.52 0.23 0.19 0.71 0.05 1.35 0.58 -

49.43 33.52 27.27 6.25 0.11 6.22 17.01 1.93 3.09 9.36 1.93 0.71 0.01 0.23

97.97 66.17 57.81 8.36 11.51 16.85 3.26 3.74 7.11 2.44 0.30 0.01 0.00

132.12 99.65 82.50 17.15 12.62 16.92 4.24 4.75 5.10 2.71 0.12 0.01 0.00

143.66 113.17 93.80 19.37 14.65 17.12 4.15 4.65 5.17 3.03 0.12 0.01 0.00

138.88 113.11 104.71 8.40 14.73 16.43 3.95 4.46 5.11 2.81 0.10 0.01 0.00

140.93 114.22 107.46 6.76 15.07 16.75 3.90 4.54 5.28 2.95 0.08 0.03 0.00

13.27 12.03 10.12 -9.36 44.19 17.24 19.50 26.21 23.97 36.51 -5.20 -32.51 -

3.96 4.65 5.21 0.29 3.33 -0.06 2.65 1.43 -2.10 1.59 -7.73 6.18 -20.46

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

58.72 55.12 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

65.53 59.93 5.24 e 0.00 0.00 e - e -

55.22 44.11 10.93 e 0.00 0.00 e - e -

0.92 0.70 -31.54 -27.97 -

-1.20 -2.21 3.81 -

2

54.43 42.10 11.64 e 0.00 0.00 e - e -

46.84 32.86 14.00 e 0.00 0.00 e - e -

48.29 33.82 14.04 e 0.00 0.00 e - e -

47.35 32.82 14.37 e 0.00 0.00 e - e -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.155

JAPAN 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

8.72 7.23 0.02 -

6.38 -

2.20 -

0.93 -

0.85 -

1.11 -

0.84 -

-1.03 -

-6.29 -

8.66 9.99 0.04 -

7.99 -

2.96 -

1.25 -

1.15 -

1.33 -

1.01 -

-1.85 -

-6.43 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

52.67 1.43 51.24 -

105.01 35.49 69.01 0.51

139.22 83.44 53.18 2.60

159.11 104.79 51.56 2.76

164.60 111.17 52.42 1.01

169.83 122.22 44.87 2.74

166.37 118.07 46.26 2.04

166.44 119.80 45.36 1.28

165.09 118.72 44.76 1.61

1.05 0.01 0.05 1.00

1.93 0.00 1.93

2.67 0.00 2.66

1.68 0.00 1.68

0.67 0.00 0.67

0.79 0.00 0.78

1.03 0.00 1.03

1.23 0.00 1.23

1.46 0.03 1.43

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.156 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

JAPAN 5. Total coal imports by origin1 (thousand tonnes) 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

52858

106919

150341

176987

185411

189239

185891

186956

185064

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

50876 24149 10895 398 429 9956 11

65534 29664 17896 9258 258

420 2360 2244 x x 14

1527 41 42 1281 5561 x x 5

1982 668 105 -

41384 25393 1451 0 2336 48

513 157 149 x x 390

3676 78 883 3719 3150 x x 150 500

-

-

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

e e

e e e e e e e

e e e

e e e e e e e

e

55220 35773 12179 411 334

e e

e e

3707 e 315 e x 2382 e 95 e 24 e 95121 53816 1442 3974 611

53534 37741 6128 1837 405

e e

e e

4370 e x 2999 e 54 e

123453 63547 891 e 139 e 261

54431 40870 8130 2480 352

e e

e e

434 e x 2102 e 61 e

130980 77044 2233 0 e 483 e 108

e e

e e

14214 e 103 e 14531 e 1740 e x 3305 e 902 351

19565 e 28936 e 142 e x 7613 e 21 15 2043 278

5861 e 63 e 34527 e 308 e x 8760 e 1591 -

-

-

e e

e e

40 e 18 e 367 e x 2567 e 141 e 1 e

48293 35247 6178 3215 77

e e

e e

2 e 576 e 232 e x 2735 e 30 e 1 e

47347 32718 6132 3932 125

e e

46722 31668 6594 5055 157

147 e 1377 e 378 e x 2321 e 151 e -

187 353 284 x 2425 -

1544 e 32457 e 188 e x 14608 e 456 -

2633 e 31079 e 70 e x 15045 e 527 2 e

1924 e 729 e 31780 e 72 e x 16115 e 770 -

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

e e

142401 137598 139609 138341 90081 e 85871 e 84991 e 83750 1678 e 1571 e 1573 e 2022 0 0 0 0 e 1388 e 798 e 1647 e 3162 e 0 252

e e

-

46838 34418 6498 2701 87

-

1341 449 29875 152 x 16676 645 -

IEA. All rights reserved.

3

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.157

KOREA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

900

450

100%

800

400

90%

700

350

80%

600

300

500

250

400

200

300

150

200

100

20%

100

50

10%

70% 60% 50%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

40% 30%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

100%

Other transformation Other use

600

100% 90%

90%

600

80% 500

70%

500

80% 70%

400

60%

60%

400

50% 300

300

50% 40%

40% 30%

200

20% 100

200

30% 20%

100

10%

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

0 1971

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.158 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

KOREA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

11.7 5.0 e 2.7 e

10.8 22.5 e 3.0 e

5.2 55.9 e -1.2 e

1.4 104.2 -0.6

1.1 116.2 -1.0

1.0 116.7 0.3

0.8 119.3 0.5

0.8 23.2 -

-8.5 6.3 -

6.9

4.5

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.5 0.6 -0.2 1.7

Primary supply

11.6

19.3

36.3

59.9

104.9

116.4

118.0

120.6

Statistical differences

-0.1

-0.5

1.4

4.1

-0.6

-0.3

0.6

..

Total transformation

-2.2 e

-3.5 e

-18.8 e

-48.0 e

-87.3 e

-98.2 e

-102.1 e

..

13.5

6.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.5 e -0.4 -0.1 e

-1.2 e -1.2 -0.0 e

-8.5 -5.6 -2.9

-38.7 -34.9 -3.7

-74.9 -67.3 -7.6

-80.3 -69.3 -11.0

-85.1 -76.3 -8.8

.. .. ..

18.5 16.4 25.9

8.9 10.2 4.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

11.1 21.7 28.5 7.0

1.9 3.5 8.0 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

-1.7 -0.2 -0.0 -1.5

e e e e

-2.3 -1.4 -0.2 -0.7

e e e e

-10.3 e -4.9 -0.6 -4.8 e

-9.4 e -7.8 -0.6 -0.9 e

-12.4 e -11.0 e -1.4 -

-17.9 e -12.6 e -5.3 -

Other transformation5

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1 e

-1.4 e

Losses Final consumption6

-

-

-

-

-

9.3

13.9

16.7

13.0

13.6

4.4 0.7 0.1 2.9 0.0 0.7

12.2 3.7 0.2 4.4 3.9

11.8 6.2 e 0.1 3.8 0.0 1.7

11.9 6.2 e 0.1 3.8 0.0 1.7

-

-

7

Industry

0.6 0.6 e -

1.9 1.3 e 0.7 -

Transport9

0.0

0.0

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

8.7 0.1 8.6 e -

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

12.0 0.1 e 11.9 e -

-17.0 e -12.6 e -4.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.1

-3.0

-3.4

-4.4

-4.2

..

17.8

2.7

-

-

..

13.5

12.3

..

3.5

-1.1

10.8 6.7 e 0.0 3.4 0.7

.. .. .. .. .. ..

12.9 1.4 -

3.4 8.8 -4.3 0.5 0.2

-

-

12.4 0.0 e 12.3 e -

0.8 0.8 e -

-

-

-

..

1.2 1.2 0.6

0.8 0.8 0.8

0.7 0.7 0.7

.. .. .. .. ..

2.1 -10.0 -7.3 2.2 -10.0 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 1.3 2.5 17.7 111.4 219.3 234.7 255.5 259.6 16.4 10.4 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.159

KOREA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

21.89 0.52 0.52 18.29 e 2.01 0.84 0.68 0.16 0.22 -

44.78 7.71 7.71 20.70 11.74 4.59 0.17 0.08 3.53 0.00 0.80 0.05 -

71.80 39.01 39.01 2.41 16.38 3.03 11.02 0.73 0.27 5.31 4.71 -

120.05 83.17 78.81 4.36 1.86 19.52 7.55 e 7.38 1.52 e 0.17 4.50 0.04 1.15 e -

133.89 89.75 81.56 8.19 1.47 26.78 8.33 e 8.30 2.69 e 0.19 4.65 0.07 0.70 e -

134.91 89.62 80.30 9.31 1.26 27.33 7.57 e 9.02 2.35 e 0.14 4.55 0.04 1.93 e -

140.67 95.41 88.86 6.55 1.08 26.81 7.76 e 7.19 2.47 e 0.02 4.18 0.52 e -

6.15 25.23 25.23 1.04 15.84 15.15 -10.91 29.42 -12.19 -

4.33 9.77 9.48 -10.37 3.11 1.68 10.40 -4.23 0.62 -1.63 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

19.88 0.52 0.52 18.29 e 0.84 0.68 0.16 0.22 -

33.04 7.71 7.71 20.70 4.59 0.17 0.08 3.53 0.00 0.80 0.05 -

52.38 39.01 39.01 2.41 11.02 0.73 0.27 5.31 4.71 -

92.84 83.17 78.81 4.36 1.86 7.23 1.37 0.17 4.50 0.04 1.15 -

104.46 95.41 88.86 6.55 1.08 6.41 1.70 0.02 4.18 0.52 -

4.32 25.23 25.23 1.04 15.15 -10.91 29.42 -12.19 -

4.36 9.77 9.48 -10.37 1.25 8.87 -4.23 0.62 -1.63 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2.01 2.01 -

11.74 11.74 -

19.42 16.38 3.03 -

27.21 19.52 7.55 e 0.15 0.15 e - e -

15.84 15.84 -

4.26 3.11 -

2

100.60 89.75 81.56 8.19 1.47 7.04 1.43 0.19 4.65 0.07 0.70 33.29 26.78 8.33 e 1.26 1.26 e - e -

99.15 89.62 80.30 9.31 1.26 8.32 1.66 0.14 4.55 0.04 1.93 35.76 27.33 7.57 e 0.69 0.69 e - e -

36.21 26.81 7.76 e 0.78 0.78 e - e -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.160 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

KOREA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

11.35 -

10.82 -

5.20 -

1.80 -

1.37 -

0.98 -

0.79 -

-0.39 -

-8.50 -

18.05 -

17.22 -

8.30 -

2.83 -

2.08 -

1.49 -

1.20 -

-0.39 -

-8.67 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce) 19782

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

2.20 e 0.15 e 1.95 e 0.10 0.00 0.00

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

22.46 e 10.73 e 11.13 e 0.60 -

55.91 e 33.82 e 18.42 3.67 -

67.04 45.24 19.45 2.04 0.32

104.21 72.79 27.15 3.64 0.63

115.90 77.87 32.67 4.97 0.38

116.24 77.17 33.94 4.79 0.34

116.67 74.96 34.26 7.12 0.33

119.27 77.53 34.87 6.56 0.32

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.161

KOREA 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

2169

23729 e

64895 e

76758

118591

133904

134463

138882

142000

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2009 1150 409 450 -

11287 5053 2026 2908 -

19575 10641 4097 1419 -

20627 11664 4315 901 -

28160 16445 4944 3238 -

33933 21706 4813 2639 -

35255 19889 5168 2742 -

35851 18799 5482 3264 -

36482 18259 6421 2688 352

3258 x 489 -

1936 44 x 1553 -

1061 90 x 3532 92

725 80 x 6342 309

484 34 x 6885 904

479 41 28 x 6303 1911

e e

56131 19207 4 365 56

90431 26512 4980 66 -

99971 39446 4520 1328 -

99208 32424 1376 1024 69

103031 30763 3786 1827 -

105518 30633 7492 1592 201

21281 e 5277 e 2503 e x 2197 e 135 e 33

17580 15382 x 3018 358 161

5356 40126 2346 x 7004 1863 2178

641 15 33977 167 x 19536 341 -

2967 2468 36371 2343 x 19107 60 999

1997 2587 38184 5474 x 18112 124 124

2046 3800 28701 5459 x 24125 461 703

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4

x x -

Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other

160 x x 160

Lignite

-

e e e

e

100 e 1200 x x 12442 3506 1250 1235 -

e e e

e

1000 e 397 e 5054 e x x -

e e e

e

2781 e 209 e x 394 e 34 e 45320 12019 1647 166 62

-

e e e

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.162 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LATVIA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

12

100

10

80

8

60

6

40

4

20

2

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0 1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2011

2018p

0 1990

Coal/population

1993

1996

1999

2002

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2005

2008

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

1

1

1

1

1

1

100% 90% 80% 70% 60%

1

1

0

0

0

0

0 1990

0 1990

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Production Exports

2011

2018p

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1996

1999

2002

2005

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2008

2011

1999

2002

2005

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

100%

20

100%

90%

18

90%

80%

16

80%

70%

14

70%

60%

12

60%

50%

10

50%

40%

8

40%

30%

6

30%

20%

4

20%

10%

2

10%

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2008

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1993

1996

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

8

0 1990

1993

0 1990

1993

1996

Coal Other

1999

2002

2005

2008

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1993

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.163

LATVIA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

x x x x

x x x x

0.1 0.9 -0.0 0.0

0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.1

0.0 0.2 -0.0 -0.0

0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.0

0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.0

0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.0

-

-16.6 -9.8 -

-

-10.0 -15.6

Primary supply

x

x

1.0

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

Statistical differences

x

x

0.0

-

-0.0

0.0

-0.0

..

Total transformation

x

x

-0.6

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

x x x

x x x

-0.6 -0.1 -0.4

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

.. .. ..

- -15.8 - -12.3 - -18.7

Gas works

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation4

x x x x x

x x x x x

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

x

x

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

x

x

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

x

x

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-

-7.6

x x x x x x

x x x x x x

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Transport9

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

x x x x x

x x x x x

0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

- -10.6 - -11.4 -9.9 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh x x 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 --- -19.0 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.164 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LATVIA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.92 0.51 0.08 0.43 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.37 -

0.10 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.07 -

0.17 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.08 -

0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.03 -

0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.03 -

0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.02 -

-

-9.10 -14.94 -10.20 -18.06 0.12 5.87 -8.29 -9.75 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.92 0.51 0.08 0.43 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.37 -

0.10 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.07 -

0.17 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.08 -

0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.03 -

0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.03 -

0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.02 -

-

-9.09 -14.94 -10.20 -18.06 0.42 7.72 -8.29 -9.75 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.165

LATVIA 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.33 0.17 0.13 0.04 0.11 0.03 -

0.24 0.21 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.00 -

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-15.93 -12.64 -20.36 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

III.166 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LATVIA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

x x x x x

0.09 -

0.02 -

0.00 -

0.00 -

0.00 -

0.00 -

-

-16.55 -

x x x x x

0.25 -

0.07 -

0.01 -

0.01 -

0.00 -

0.01 -

-

-16.55 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

x x x x x x x

0.90 0.88 0.00 0.01

0.09 0.08 0.01

0.11 0.10 0.01

0.16 0.16 0.00

0.06 0.06 -

0.05 0.05 -

0.06 0.06 0.00

0.07 0.07 0.00

x x x x x x x

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.167

LATVIA 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

x

916

80

116

180

71

67

68

82

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x x x x x x x x x

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x x x x x x x x x

911 -

80 2

116 -

180 5 33 1

71 -

67 4

68 0 0 0 1

82 0 0 0 0

x x x x x x x x x x

911 x x -

x 78 -

x 115 1 -

x 141 -

x 71 -

x 63 -

x 67 -

x 80 1 -

x

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.168 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LITHUANIA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

30

100

25

80

20

60

15

40

10

20

5

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0 1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2011

2018p

0 1990

Coal/population

1993

1996

1999

2002

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2005

2008

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0 1990

0 1990

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Production Exports

2011

2018p

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

30

80% 25

2011

Other transformation Other use

40

100% 90%

35

80%

30

70%

70% 60%

20

50% 15

40% 30%

10

25

60%

20

50% 40%

15

30%

10

20%

20% 5 0 1990

10% 1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2008

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 35

2008

5 0 1990

10% 1993

1996

Coal Other

1999

2002

2005

2008

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1993

10%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.169

LITHUANIA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

x x x x

x x x x

0.0 1.1 0.0

0.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.0

0.0 0.3 -0.0 0.0

0.0 0.2 -0.0 0.0

0.0 0.3 -0.0 -0.0

0.0 0.3 -0.0 0.0

-

-4.9 -

Primary supply

x

x

1.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

-

-5.1

Statistical differences

x

x

-

-

-

0.0

-0.0

..

Total transformation

x

x

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-

-5.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

x x x

x x x

-0.1 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. ..

-

-5.6 -

Gas works

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation4

x x x x x

x x x x x

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

x

x

-

-0.0

-

-

-0.0

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

x

x

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.0

..

x

x

1.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

..

-

-5.0

x x x x x x

x x x x x x

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

2.2 5.5 -

Transport9

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

x x x x x

x x x x x

1.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-7.0 -7.2 -6.6 -9.3 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh x x --------1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.170 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LITHUANIA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

1.30 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05 1.16 -

0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.11 -

0.30 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.17 -

0.25 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.10 -

0.25 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.12 -

0.25 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.13 -

-

-5.90 -11.50 -9.15 1.96 5.90 -8.81 -7.83 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

1.30 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05 1.16 -

0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.11 -

0.30 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.17 -

0.25 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.10 -

0.25 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.12 -

0.25 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.13 -

-

-5.90 -11.50 -9.15 1.96 5.90 -8.81 -7.83 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.171

LITHUANIA 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 -

0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

0.05 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

-

-1.25 3.36 4.93 -6.10 -5.90 -5.90 0.43 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.172 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LITHUANIA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

x x x x x

0.02 -

0.02 -

0.03 -

0.01 -

0.01 -

0.01 -

-

-2.68 -

x x x x x

0.06 -

0.04 -

0.07 -

0.03 -

0.02 -

0.03 -

-

-3.37 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

x x x x x x x

1.08 1.08 -

0.12 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.01

0.24 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.01

0.28 0.15 0.11 0.00 0.02

0.21 0.19 0.01

0.21 0.19 0.02

0.25 0.23 0.00 0.02

0.24 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.02

x x x x x x x

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.173

LITHUANIA 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

x

1264

131

296

320

227

225

275

264

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x x x x x x x x x

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x x x x x x x x x

1264 -

130 6 -

293 2 -

319 1 -

227 -

225 -

275 -

264 0 -

x x x x x x x x x x

1264 x x -

x 120 4 -

x 291 -

x 317 1 -

x 227 -

x 225 -

x 275 -

x 263 1 -

x

-

1

3

1

-

-

-

1

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

III.174 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LUXEMBOURG1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

7

100

6

100% 90% 80%

5

80

70% 60%

4 60

50% 3

40%

40

30%

2

20%

20

1

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

4.5

4.5

100%

4.0

4.0

90%

3.5

3.5

80%

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

20%

0.5

0.5

10%

0.0 1971

0.0 1971

70% 60% 50%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

3.5

2006

2011

Other transformation Other use

14

100% 90%

12

80%

3.0

70%

2.5

60%

2.0

80% 10

70% 60%

8

50%

50% 40%

1.5

30%

1.0

6

40% 30%

4

20%

20%

0.5

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4.0

0.0 1971

30%

2 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

40%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.175

LUXEMBOURG 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

3.5 -0.0

2.6 -0.0

1.6 -

0.2 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

-4.5 -

-11.2 -

Primary supply

3.5

2.6

1.6

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-4.5

-11.2

Statistical differences

0.0

-

-

0.0

-

-0.0

-

..

Total transformation

-1.9 e

-1.1 e

-0.8

-

-

-

-

..

-5.1

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.2 -0.2

-0.2 -0.2

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-3.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.6 -0.6 -

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.5 -5.5 -

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-1.5 e -1.5 e -

-0.8 e -0.8 e -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

1.4

1.5

0.7

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-3.6

-8.7

1.3 1.3 0.0

1.5 1.3 e 0.1 -

0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-3.5 -8.7 -4.5 -16.1 -3.4 -

Losses Final consumption6 7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 0.8 0.5 0.5 -3.1 ------1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.176 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LUXEMBOURG (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.52 0.51 0.51 0.01 -

0.20 0.20 0.04 0.16 0.00 -

0.17 0.17 0.04 0.13 -

0.10 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.00 -

0.07 0.07 0.01 0.06 -

0.08 0.08 0.01 0.07 -

0.07 0.07 0.00 0.06 -

-7.74 -7.70 -19.50 -12.55 -

-3.88 -3.86 -7.33 -3.36 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.01 -

0.20 0.20 0.04 0.16 0.00 -

0.17 0.17 0.04 0.13 -

0.10 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.00 -

0.07 0.07 0.01 0.06 -

0.08 0.08 0.01 0.07 -

0.07 0.07 0.00 0.06 -

-7.48 -7.45 -19.27 -12.55 -

-3.88 -3.86 -7.33 -3.36 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.177

LUXEMBOURG 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

2.80 0.48 0.01 2.31

1.59 0.16 1.42

0.16 0.15 0.01

0.11 0.10 0.01

0.10 0.09 0.01

0.07 0.06 0.01

0.07 0.07 0.01

0.06 0.06 0.01

0.06 0.05 0.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.178 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

LUXEMBOURG 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

512

197

173

122

102

73

81

68

63

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

495 299 12 1 6

197 -

173 -

122 -

102 -

73 -

81 -

68 -

63 0 -

125 x x 52

138 x x 59

125 x 48

76 x 45

76 x 26

62 x 6 5 -

70 x 6 5 -

63 x 5 -

59 x 5 -

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.179

MEXICO1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 500

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 300

100%

450

90% 250

400 350

80% 70%

200

300

60%

250

150

50%

200

40% 100

150 100

30% 20%

50

50

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

25

25

100% 90%

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0 1971

0 1971

80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

350 300 250 200 150 100 50

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

1986

1991

1996

2001

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

100%

500

100%

90%

450

90%

80%

400

80%

70%

350

70%

60%

300

60%

50%

250

50%

40%

200

40%

30%

150

30%

20%

100

20%

10%

50

10%

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1981

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

400

0 1971

1976

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1976

III.180 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

MEXICO 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

1973

1980

2.1 0.4 0.1

2.5 0.9 -0.1 0.1

1990 5.3 0.3 -0.0 0.2 e

2000 8.1 2.8 -0.0 -1.1 e

2010

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

11.4 7.4 e -0.1 0.2 e

9.9 8.1 e -0.0 -0.3 e

9.4 9.8 -0.1 -1.0

9.8 8.9 -0.0 -1.5

5.5 -0.7 -

2.1 13.2 9.4

4.9

4.2

2.6

3.4

5.9

9.8

18.9

17.7

18.1

17.1

Statistical differences

-0.1

-0.2

0.0

-0.0

0.7

-0.3

0.2

..

Total transformation

-0.5

-0.9

-3.7 e

-8.1 e

-13.2 e

-14.2 e

-12.9 e

..

12.5

4.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.1 -0.1 -

-

-2.5 -2.5 -

-6.8 -6.2 -0.6

-11.9 e -11.6 e -0.3

-13.1 e -13.0 e -0.2

-11.9 -11.8 -0.1

.. .. ..

25.5 25.5 -

6.0 6.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.9 -0.9 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-1.3 e -1.0 e -0.2 e -

-1.3 e -1.1 e -0.2 e -

-1.3 e -1.1 e -0.3 e -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.6

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

2.0

2.3

1.6

1.3

5.8

2.0 2.0 -

2.3 2.3 -

1.3 1.3 e -

1.1 1.1 e -

5.6 1.1 e 0.1 4.3

Transport9

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

-

-

0.2

0.2

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

-1.1 e -1.0 e -0.0 e -

-1.0 e -1.0 e -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

6.3 -0.8 -0.1 -3.6 -10.0 -

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.4 e

-0.6 e

-0.5 e

-0.5 e

..

13.9

-0.4

-

-

..

2.6

4.9

..

-1.4

4.3

2.5 1.0 e 0.2 1.3

4.8 1.0 e 0.2 3.5

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.2 -2.2 -

4.8 -1.1 -

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.2

0.1

0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-2.2

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 0.2 7.8 19.0 32.3 34.6 31.1 29.1 23.8 5.3 -1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.181

MEXICO 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 1978

1990

2000

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

4.05 3.97 -

7.38 3.97 3.97 3.41 e -

12.57 9.57 9.57 3.00 e -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

4.05 3.97 -

2

3.97 3.97 3.97 -

9.57 9.57 9.57 -

3.41 3.41 e -

3.00 3.00 e -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

2010

2015

2016

2017

23.35 14.77 e 14.69 e 0.08 3.16 e 5.26 0.22 5.04 -

19.15 15.71 e 15.69 e 0.03 2.57 5.47 0.33 5.14 -

20.39 16.23 e 16.23 e 1.95 2.21 0.35 1.85 -

20.17 14.44 14.44 1.85 4.31 0.36 3.95 -

5.12 -1.27 -

3.80 4.90 4.90 -2.24 -

17.19 14.77 e 14.69 e 0.08 0.78 0.22 0.56 -

13.63 15.71 e 15.69 e 0.03 2.38 0.33 2.05 -

15.09 16.23 e 16.23 e 1.26 0.35 0.91 -

13.88 14.44 14.44 0.43 0.36 0.07 -

-

4.74 4.90 4.90 -

5.44 3.16 e 3.76 3.76 -

5.05 2.57 2.51 2.51 -

4.85 1.95 0.49 0.49 -

6.04 1.85 3.62 3.62 -

-1.44 -1.27 -

2.14 -2.24 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.182 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

MEXICO 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.72 0.72 0.72 -

0.47 0.58 0.58 -

0.45 0.45 0.45 -

0.26 0.26 0.26 -

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.183

MEXICO 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

2.47 -

2.88 2.46 -

2.15 5.96 -

3.50 6.33 0.29 -

3.98 7.19 0.27 -

4.56 4.67 0.16 -

4.73 4.87 0.17 -

1.28 -

1.72 2.40 -

3.09 -

2.96 3.97 -

2.21 9.13 -

3.52 9.20 0.75 -

4.02 10.59 0.70 -

4.57 6.79 0.42 -

4.74 7.07 0.44 -

-0.34 -

1.61 2.01 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.64 0.56 0.08

0.34 0.22 0.12

2.84 1.81 0.42 0.00 0.62

6.94 e 4.87 e 1.70 e 0.00 0.00 0.36

7.42 e 5.59 e 1.46 e 0.00 0.37

7.55 e 4.74 e 1.85 e 0.29 0.00 0.67

8.05 e 5.47 e 0.45 e 1.05 0.00 1.08

9.82 6.72 0.52 1.41 0.00 1.16

8.92 5.98 0.46 1.30 0.00 1.18

-

0.01 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00 0.00

0.11 0.00 0.10 0.00

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.10 0.00 0.10

0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.184 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

MEXICO 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

Total coal

570

228

2436

7288 e

7862 e

7707 e

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

570 470 -

228 122 6 -

1796 1074 538 61 -

1773 393 507 537 -

1531 405 361 670 -

1874 1247 130 497 -

x x 100

x x 100

1 x 66 56 -

-

-

636 636 -

5512 4933 72 483 -

x x -

x x -

x -

3 21 x -

-

-

4

3

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

e e e

e

3 e 111 e x 222 e e e e

e

e e e

e

3 e 92 e x 6327 2421 275 1343 -

e e e

e

3 1010 e 1275 e x 4

2017

2018p

8280 e

10356

9280

456 e 456 e -

564 564 -

499 118 -

x -

x -

382 x -

5829 e 2459 e 3019 e -

7821 3397 2280 -

9789 192 3057 -

8777 0 3594 0

7 335 e x 9

9 1934 x 186 15

8 6514 x 1 17

4 5150 x 8 -

3

3

4

e e e

e

x -

4

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.185

NETHERLANDS1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

300

140

250

120

100% 90% 80%

100

200

70% 60%

80 150

50% 60

40%

100

30%

40

20%

50

20

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

18

18

100%

16

16

90%

14

14

80%

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

20%

2

2

10%

0 1971

0 1971

70% 60% 50%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

30%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

120 100

Other transformation Other use

180

100%

90%

160

90%

80%

140

80%

60%

70%

120

60%

100

50%

50% 60

40% 30%

40

20% 20 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

100%

70%

80

2011

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 140

2006

80

40%

60

30%

40

20%

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

40%

III.186 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NETHERLANDS 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

1.6 4.2 -2.0 0.3

7.3 -2.0 0.1

12.4 -0.8 0.1

11.6 -0.6 0.1

11.1 -0.2 -0.1

14.6 -0.2 0.1

13.4 -0.3 -0.1

11.8 -0.2 0.0

6.6 -4.9

0.3 -4.1

6.4

0.4

Primary supply

4.1

5.4

11.7

11.1

10.8

14.5

13.1

11.6

Statistical differences

0.1

0.1

-0.3

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.0

..

Total transformation

-1.8 e

-4.1

-8.8 e

-9.7 e

-9.5

-13.2 e

-11.6 e

..

10.0

1.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-1.1 -1.1 -

-2.6 -2.4 -0.2

-7.5 -7.4 -0.1

-7.9 -7.9 -0.0

-7.5 -7.5 -0.0

-11.2 -11.2 -0.0

-9.6 -9.6 -0.0

.. .. ..

11.8 11.7 -

0.9 0.9 -6.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

4.4 2.7 -

1.5 1.4 8.0 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-0.6 e -0.8 e 0.2 0.0

-1.6 -1.2 -0.4 -

-1.3 e -1.3 e -0.0 -

-1.7 e -1.6 e -0.1 -

-2.0 -1.8 -0.2 -

-2.0 e -1.8 e -0.2 -

-2.0 e -1.9 e -0.1 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.9

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

..

-5.4

-0.7

Losses Final consumption6

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

1.5

1.1

2.1

1.2

1.0

1.1

1.2

..

1.9

-2.2

1.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.1

1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1

1.7 1.2 e 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1

1.0 0.8 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1

1.1 1.0 e 0.1 0.1

1.2 1.0 e 0.1 0.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

2.7 3.1 2.1 10.5 -1.8

-1.4 -0.5 -2.2 -0.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.5 0.3 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 0.1 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-14.5 -14.8 -

-13.3

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 3.2 8.9 27.5 27.1 25.8 39.5 34.0 29.9 13.5 0.8 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.187

NETHERLANDS 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

4.87 1.70 1.59 0.11 3.28 0.01 e 0.12 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.10 -

12.88 7.92 7.89 0.04 3.77 0.54 e 0.62 0.13 e 0.32 0.09 0.00 0.09 e 0.03 0.00

12.74 8.59 8.59 3.01 0.95 e 0.19 0.10 e 0.01 0.04 0.04 e 0.00 0.01

11.89 7.88 7.88 2.93 1.02 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.00

18.01 13.48 13.48 2.97 1.41 e 0.15 0.09 e 0.03 0.04 e 0.00 0.01

16.51 12.08 12.08 2.90 1.34 e 0.18 0.12 e 0.03 0.04 e 0.00 0.01

14.73 10.24 10.24 2.75 1.49 e 0.25 0.15 e 0.04 0.05 e 0.00 0.00

8.44 13.67 14.28 -9.31 1.15 47.72 14.37 16.45 2.36 21.89 -9.07 -

0.50 0.96 0.97 -1.16 3.82 -3.36 0.63 -2.78 -1.80 -17.74 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1.85 1.70 1.59 0.11 0.01 e 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.09 -

8.39 7.92 7.89 0.04 0.44 0.01 0.32 0.03 0.00 0.09 0.03 -

8.66 8.59 8.59 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.00 -

7.91 7.88 7.88 0.04 0.00 0.04 -

13.51 13.48 13.48 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01

12.12 12.08 12.08 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01

10.29 10.24 10.24 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00

13.42 13.67 14.28 -9.31 18.23 16.45 21.89 -8.83 -

0.76 0.96 0.97 -8.14 -15.97 -2.44 -17.74 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2.95 3.28 -

4.44 3.77 0.54 e 0.13 0.13 e - e 0.00

4.05 3.01 0.95 e 0.09 0.09 e - e 0.01

3.95 2.93 1.02 0.00

3.45 1.15 -

-0.03 -1.16 3.82 0.78 0.78 -

2

4.46 2.97 1.41 e 0.09 0.09 e - e -

4.35 2.90 1.34 e 0.12 0.12 e - e -

4.39 2.75 1.49 e 0.15 0.15 e - e -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.188 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NETHERLANDS 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 -

0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 -

0.05 0.05 0.04 0.01 -

-1.60 -1.23 -1.23 -

-0.54 -0.54 -1.25 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.189

NETHERLANDS 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

5.05 1.88 2.64 0.05 0.48

12.44 7.63 4.34 0.04 0.43

11.61 7.21 3.85 0.02 0.53

12.09 7.11 4.58 0.02 0.38

11.08 6.65 4.10 0.02 0.32

15.29 11.23 3.95 0.02 0.08

14.61 10.27 4.22 0.02 0.10

13.45 8.79 4.49 0.03 0.14

11.78 7.56 4.09 0.03 0.09

1.13 0.41 0.01 0.00 0.71

0.84 0.84

0.57 0.57

0.38 0.38

0.16 0.16

0.24 0.24

0.18 0.18

0.27 0.27

0.19 0.19

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.190 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NETHERLANDS 5. Total coal imports by origin1 (thousand tonnes) 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

5108

12886

12619

13005

12055

17420

16386

14919

13070

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2853 961 89 782 376 644 1

4436 433 411 445 95 3001 -

3933 1538 296 258 1311 -

4682 1318 883 1335 97

4189 509 461 1 2621 -

4048 1552 1219 312

4322 1979 865 148

4598 2144 78 904 -

4186 2114 1159 -

x x -

1 6 44 x x -

8 357 x 165 -

x 351 698 -

x 508 89 -

2185 529 55 62 703 264 166 14 10

8394 3396 41 691 2001 141

8658 544 11 610 5 610 170

8295 240 22 53 37 155 96

7844 8 36 11 407 362

13337 35 1 98 1809 111

12028 201 1 3 1900 86

10273 7 98 1 1992 44

8836 6 84 0 1712 42

309 57 x x 16

96 1003 88 904 22 x x 13 -

140 2443 1295 2589 x 85 44 78 35

16 3120 543 3329 x 678 6 1

29 4284 7 997 x 1685 18 -

10 5796 1314 x 4037 49 1 77

4 4656 30 598 x 3881 75 593

8 2210 814 x 4477 53 1 5 564

9 1899 696 x 3857 46 1 0 485

70

56

28

28

22

36

36

48

48

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

x 288 678 e

7 x 687 636 e

202 x 536 61 605 e

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

72 x 840 -

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3

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.191

NETHERLANDS 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

13

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

13 13 x x x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.192 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NETHERLANDS 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

475

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

475 231 x 9 228 x x x 5 2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.193

NEW ZEALAND1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

160

35

140

30

100% 90% 80%

120

25

70%

100

60%

20 80

50% 15

40%

60

30%

10

40

20% 5

20 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

6

3.5

100% 90%

3.0

5

80% 2.5

4

70% 60%

2.0 3

50% 1.5

2

40% 30%

1.0

20%

1

0.5

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0.0 1971

100%

45

90%

40

80%

35

70%

30

60%

25

50%

20

40%

15

30%

10

20%

5

10% 1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1976

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

50

0 1971

10%

35

100% 90%

30

80% 25

70% 60%

20

50% 15

40% 30%

10

20% 5 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

III.194 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NEW ZEALAND 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce) 1973 Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

1.6 e -0.0 -0.0 e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

1.6 -0.1 -0.1

2.0 0.0 -0.3 -

3.0 0.0 -1.6 0.2

4.5 0.2 -2.4 -0.4

2.3 0.3 -1.2 0.2

2.4 0.3 -1.2 0.2

2.6 0.3 -1.2 0.1

1.2 15.1

0.6 24.0 4.7

0.3

-0.1

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.9

1.6

1.7

1.8

-

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

0.0

..

Total transformation

-0.4

-0.2

-0.4 e

-0.7

-0.9

-0.7

-0.7

..

0.9

1.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.2 -0.2 -0.1

-0.5 -0.3 -0.2

-0.7 -0.4 -0.3

-0.4 -0.2 -0.2

-0.4 -0.2 -0.3

.. .. ..

-2.9 -5.0 -

2.3 0.4 4.8

0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0 0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.1 -0.2 0.0 -

-0.2 -0.2 0.0 -

-0.3 -0.3 0.0 -

-0.3 -0.3 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

23.6 -

0.8 0.8 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-0.2 e -0.2 e 0.0 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

..

-

4.2

-0.0

-0.0

-0.2 e

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

1.2

1.2

1.0

0.7

0.9

0.8

0.8

..

-1.4

-0.6

1.0 0.1 0.9

0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5

0.8 0.0 0.8

0.6 0.0 0.6

0.7 0.1 0.1 0.6

0.7 0.1 0.1 0.6

0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.3 -7.6 -1.1

-0.5 4.8 -1.1

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-

-

0.3 0.0 0.2 e 0.0 -

0.4 0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 12.6 -2.8 -

-1.3 -1.6 -9.3 7.6 -

Losses Final consumption6 7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 1.6 0.4 0.7 1.5 2.1 1.0 1.2 1.6 -5.0 2.3 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.195

NEW ZEALAND 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2.17 0.59 0.59 0.05 0.08 0.91 0.18 0.13 0.06 0.54 0.49 -

2.24 0.27 0.23 0.04 0.64 1.02 1.02 0.23 -

2.10 0.46 0.43 0.03 0.67 0.76 0.76 0.17 -

2.65 0.66 0.64 0.02 0.84 0.92 0.12 0.80 0.19 -

2.83 0.57 0.55 0.01 0.91 1.03 0.12 0.91 0.17 -

2.40 0.24 0.23 0.01 0.89 0.97 0.08 0.89 0.14 -

2.40 0.28 0.27 0.02 0.92 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.84 0.20 -

0.29 -6.24 -7.51 23.70 0.92 5.38 -6.19 -

0.26 0.16 0.55 -3.40 1.33 -0.39 -0.70 -0.58 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2.04 0.59 0.59 0.05 0.08 0.83 0.18 0.12 0.03 0.49 0.45 -

1.84 0.26 0.23 0.03 0.64 0.89 0.89 0.17 -

1.88 0.45 0.43 0.02 0.67 0.59 0.59 0.09 -

2.29 0.64 0.64 0.00 0.84 0.65 0.12 0.53 0.12 -

2.48 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.91 0.75 0.12 0.63 0.13 -

2.02 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.89 0.71 0.08 0.63 0.09 -

2.02 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.92 0.67 0.00 0.07 0.59 0.15 -

-0.83 -6.64 -7.51 23.70 0.58 5.01 -7.81 -

0.34 0.15 0.55 -11.08 1.33 -1.05 -1.48 -0.42 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

0.24 -

0.00 -

0.07 0.08 0.00 0.07 0.01 -

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-4.79 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.196 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NEW ZEALAND 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

0.13 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.04 -

0.16 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.06 -

0.21 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.17 0.08 -

0.29 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.20 0.06 -

0.33 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.27 0.04 -

0.31 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.25 0.05 -

0.32 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.25 0.04 -

1.63 3.63 8.27 2.87 -

2.65 0.42 0.42 2.29 2.29 -1.13 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.197

NEW ZEALAND 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.01 1.53 0.07 -

0.59 1.37 0.08 -

1.35 1.51 0.11 -

2.50 1.89 0.13 -

2.37 1.97 0.15 -

1.19 0.99 0.18 -

1.23 1.19 0.17 -

39.10 -0.94 1.07 -

2.65 -1.18 3.04 -

0.01 2.01 0.15 -

0.58 1.84 0.16 -

1.31 1.94 0.21 -

2.45 2.58 0.25 -

2.34 2.70 0.30 -

1.17 1.43 0.32 -

1.21 1.69 0.31 -

39.12 -0.72 0.43 -

2.66 -0.94 2.62 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 -

0.02 0.02 -

0.80 0.06 0.74 -

0.19 0.05 0.00 0.14 -

0.31 0.03 0.28 -

0.33 0.07 0.26 -

0.34 0.07 0.27 0.00 -

0.33 0.07 0.27 0.00 -

0.02 0.01 0.01

0.34 0.34 -

1.59 1.59 -

2.38 2.38 -

2.44 0.11 2.33 -

1.40 1.37 0.03 -

1.23 1.23 -

1.19 1.16 0.03 -

1.23 1.21 0.02 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.198 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NEW ZEALAND 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

1

1

16

1084

251

436

453

462

460

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

1 -

-

-

1 -

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x 1

x -

x -

x 1

x -

x -

x -

x -

1 1 -

-

16 16 -

1084 62 -

250 51 -

436 31 -

453 74 -

462 74 -

460 75 -

x x -

x x -

x -

1022 x -

199 x -

405 x -

379 x -

388 x -

385 x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.199

NEW ZEALAND 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

(thousand tonnes) 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

11

336

1551

2331

2301

1326

1187

1142

1188

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

11 x 11 x x x -

285 30 243 12 -

1253 122 313 687 85 46 -

1172 49 267 818 38

e e

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

51 51 -

276 91 185 -

858 124 137 597 -

e e e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

-

-

22

-

305 e

-

-

-

95

e

e

e

258 111 147 -

126 e 126 e -

309 71 174 64 -

e

1291 e 218 e 1073 e -

1068 221 847 -

976 e 533 e 443 e -

833 e 247 e 586 e -

e

e e

523 196 327 570 151 419 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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e

529 e 57 e 472 e -

III.200 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NEW ZEALAND 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

-

-

-

-

119

43

-

44

28

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

x x x x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

-

119

43

-

44

28

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.201

NORWAY1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 140

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 60

100% 90%

120

50

80%

100

70%

40

60%

80 30

50%

60

40% 20

40

30% 20%

10

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

4.5

1.8

100%

4.0

1.6

90%

3.5

1.4

80%

3.0

1.2

2.5

1.0

2.0

0.8

1.5

0.6

1.0

0.4

20%

0.5

0.2

10%

0.0 1971

0.0 1971

70% 60% 50%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

140

80%

120

2006

2011

Other transformation Other use

40

100% 90%

35

80%

30

70%

70%

100

60%

80

50% 40%

60

30%

40

25

60%

20

50% 40%

15

30%

10

20%

20%

20

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 160

0 1971

30%

5 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1976

40%

III.202 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NORWAY 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

0.4 1.0 -0.1 0.1

0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.0

0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.0

0.6 1.4 -0.6 0.0

1.9 1.1 -1.6 -0.2

0.8 1.0 -0.9 0.1

0.1 1.1 -0.1 0.0

0.1 1.1 -0.1 0.0

-2.1 1.3 3.9

-3.1 -0.2 -4.5

-0.3

-0.1

Primary supply

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.5

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

Statistical differences

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

-0.1

0.0

-0.0

..

Total transformation

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2 e

-0.2

-0.3 e

..

-0.5

3.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

.. .. ..

-

3.0 3.0 -

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e 0.0 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -1.4 -

3.4 3.4 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.2 e -0.2 e -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.4

0.8

0.9

0.9

..

-0.3

-0.8

1.1 0.8 e 0.1 0.1 0.0

1.2 0.9 e 0.2 0.1 0.0

1.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

1.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0

0.8 0.3 e 0.3 0.1 -

0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 -

0.8 0.4 e 0.3 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. .. ..

0.1 -0.6 3.4 1.5 -

-1.1 -2.8 2.4 -0.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-10.7 -12.9 -

-

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 8.0 3.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.203

NORWAY 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.83 0.02 0.02 0.41 0.35 0.25 0.10 0.00 0.01 -

0.75 0.02 0.02 0.74 0.48 0.11 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.01 -

1.00 0.02 0.02 0.86 0.47 0.22 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.11

0.71 0.03 0.03 0.00 e 0.58 0.25 e 0.21 0.12 - e 0.07

0.79 0.03 0.03 0.07 e 0.57 0.21 e 0.26 0.09 - e 0.08

0.71 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.59 0.21 0.29 0.09 0.08

0.83 0.03 0.03 0.10 e 0.59 0.20 e 0.28 0.11 - e 0.09

-0.86 0.84 0.84 6.54 5.75 1.12 1.53 -

0.39 1.20 1.20 -0.86 -3.14 3.38 -0.90 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.42 0.02 0.02 0.35 0.25 0.10 0.00 0.01 -

0.75 0.02 0.02 0.74 0.48 0.11 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.01 -

1.00 0.02 0.02 0.86 0.47 0.22 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.11

0.71 0.03 0.03 0.00 e 0.58 0.25 e 0.21 0.12 - e 0.07

0.79 0.03 0.03 0.07 e 0.57 0.21 e 0.26 0.09 - e 0.08

0.71 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.59 0.21 0.29 0.09 0.08

0.83 0.03 0.03 0.10 e 0.59 0.20 e 0.28 0.11 - e 0.09

5.00 0.84 0.84 6.54 5.75 1.12 1.53 -

0.39 1.20 1.20 -0.86 -3.14 3.38 -0.90 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.41 0.41 -

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.204 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NORWAY 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.23 0.18 -

0.29 -

0.61 -

1.41 -

1.86 -

0.13 -

0.14 -

4.31 -

-3.06 -

0.23 0.18 -

0.30 -

0.63 -

1.47 -

1.94 -

0.13 -

0.15 -

4.68 -

-3.06 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.91 0.26 0.19 0.46

1.20 0.68 0.52

1.41 0.88 0.53

1.01 0.64 0.37

1.08 0.66 0.42

1.08 0.66 0.42

1.05 0.63 0.41

1.15 0.75 0.40

1.12 0.71 0.40

0.18 0.08 0.10

0.25 0.24 0.00

0.55 0.55 0.00

1.60 1.60 0.00

1.63 1.62 0.00

1.08 1.08 -

0.87 0.87 -

0.07 0.07 -

0.11 0.11 0.00

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.205

NORWAY 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

450

713

919

667

684

693

660

781

746

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

187 125 62 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

263 2 55 29 77 46 38

713 32 48 87 181 151 99

919 64 151 169 21 294

667 71 159 103 17 148

684 22 60 83 91 51 123

693 60 66 23 63 8

660 33 42 62 -

781 8 47 75 60 -

746 8 8 15 60 54 0

16 x x -

4 9 97 x x 5 -

36 102 x 82 -

30 97 x 39 3

6 111 11 x 122 4

354 x 114 5

424 x 94 5

433 x 157 1

447 x 149 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.206 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NORWAY 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

77

254

574

1666

1691

1124

912

75

113

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

76 x 75 x x x 1 -

253 2 50 87 4 46 3 61 -

570 156 50 330 7 2 25 -

1666 245 111 994 71 1 214 30 -

1691 182 816 282 110 217 15 69 -

1124 129 80 105 645 90 75 -

912 248 81 429 154 -

75 11 64 -

113 7 64 11 20 10 0 -

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

4 2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-specified/Other

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.207

POLAND1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

100%

180

90%

160

80%

140

70%

120

60%

100

50%

80

40%

60

30%

40

20%

20

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

200

160

180

100% 90%

140

160

80%

120

140

70%

100

120 100

60%

80

80

50% 40%

60

60

30%

40

40

20%

20

20 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

100%

450

100%

160

90%

400

90%

140

80%

350

80%

70%

120

60%

100

70%

300

60%

250

50%

50% 80

40%

60

30%

40

20%

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

200

40%

150

30%

100

20%

50

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

III.208 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

POLAND 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

143.9 1.2 -38.5 0.2

171.9 1.0 -30.4 0.0

141.4 0.6 -29.3 0.0

101.9 1.5 -24.8 1.9

79.1 11.8 -15.7 3.0

74.7 7.2 -15.5 3.8

71.1 11.3 -13.4 1.6

68.7 16.5 -11.5 -2.7

-0.1 -4.2 -1.6

-2.5 11.7 -2.9

Primary supply

106.7

142.6

112.7

80.5

78.2

70.3

70.6

70.9

0.3

-1.7

-4.7

-9.8

-5.7

0.4

-0.3

0.6

0.7

..

Total transformation

-57.7 e

-84.4 e

-80.2 e

-59.8

-56.5

-52.6

-52.9

..

2.0

-1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-52.9 e -36.7 e -16.2 e

-77.0 -53.6 -23.4

-74.9 -56.3 -18.7

-56.3 -53.4 -2.9

-54.8 -53.2 -1.6

-50.3 -48.8 -1.5

-50.5 -49.1 -1.4

.. .. ..

2.1 2.5 0.8

-1.5 -0.5 -9.1

Gas works

-0.5 e

-0.6

-0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-14.4

-

Coal transformation4

-4.3 e 0.0 -3.2 e -1.2 0.1

-6.8 e 0.0 -4.2 e -2.7 0.1

-5.2 e 0.0 -3.2 e -2.0 0.0

-3.3 0.0 -1.7 -1.6 -

-1.5 -0.8 -0.7 -

-2.1 -1.3 -0.8 -0.0

-2.3 -1.4 -0.9 -0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

1.2 0.1 2.9 -23.8

-3.0 -3.0 -3.1 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

Energy ind. own use

-2.8 e

Losses Final consumption6

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-

-

..

41.5

45.7

24.8

18.8

19.7

16.6

16.9

14.4 3.1 e 0.7 5.6 0.1 5.0

14.9 3.7 e 0.7 5.1 0.1 5.4

10.6 3.0 1.8 2.1 0.5 3.2

5.4 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.3 1.3

4.7 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.3 1.1

5.2

2.6

0.2

-

-

20.8 6.1 e 13.6 e 1.1 1.0

27.6 8.0 e 17.8 e 1.7 0.6

14.9 3.1 e 10.5 e 1.3 0.3

8.1 0.7 6.1 1.3 0.1

14.3 1.3 11.3 1.7 0.1

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.2

-0.2

..

-

-

-2.7

-2.0

-2.3

-1.6

-1.5

-1.5

..

-2.1

-1.0

..

-3.0

-1.4

5.1 1.0 1.7 0.9 0.3 1.2

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-2.5 -1.0 -3.7 -3.4 -1.0 -2.5

-2.2 -3.3 5.9 -4.6 6.0 -3.7

-

-

..

-16.4

-

11.8 1.0 9.4 1.4 0.1

11.7 1.0 9.4 1.4 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.9 -3.9 -1.5 1.0 -7.8

-0.9 -4.2 -0.4 0.1 -3.9

9.4 2.6 e 0.4 3.1 0.1 3.2

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 78.8 114.5 131.0 137.9 138.4 132.9 133.4 133.0 3.0 0.1 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.209

POLAND 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

191.27 121.67 94.07 27.61 1.90 25.30 2.67 9.42 0.11 0.36 5.06 0.08 3.82 26.93 0.04

187.62 144.47 121.63 22.84 0.31 18.21 0.57 6.78 0.05 0.32 3.21 0.07 3.14 16.34 0.02

142.86 110.78 107.70 3.08 0.04 12.38 9.76 0.79 2.17 2.31 0.68 3.81 9.85 0.01

141.38 106.33 104.64 1.69 12.95 0.03 5.52 0.12 2.07 1.25 0.44 1.64 15.81 0.09

134.97 104.90 103.35 1.55 0.00 12.96 0.27 4.63 0.03 1.86 0.95 0.48 1.31 12.71 0.16

135.11 103.67 102.21 1.46 0.00 12.81 0.28 4.59 0.03 1.94 0.89 0.42 1.31 13.35 0.15

134.97 104.96 103.53 1.43 0.00 12.52 0.37 4.93 0.07 2.14 0.97 0.38 1.37 13.15 0.12

-0.16 1.44 2.16 -1.57 -14.00 -2.70 -12.07 -2.70 -6.00 -0.93 -3.73 -1.35 -1.62 -4.08 -7.25

-1.21 -1.18 -0.60 -9.75 -15.94 -1.38 -1.18 1.24 7.27 -4.33 6.62 -3.03 -0.80 7.84

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

127.71 84.76 57.61 27.15 1.64 1.49 9.35 0.11 0.36 5.05 0.08 3.76 26.49 0.04

102.10 77.55 55.18 22.38 0.08 0.38 6.74 0.05 0.32 3.19 0.07 3.11 16.18 0.01

70.04 51.63 48.60 3.03 9.70 0.79 2.17 2.30 0.68 3.76 9.60 0.01

72.45 50.47 48.91 1.56 5.48 0.11 2.07 1.23 0.44 1.62 14.94 0.08

58.46 42.39 40.95 1.43 4.56 0.03 1.86 0.90 0.48 1.29 12.15 0.16

61.54 43.75 42.38 1.37 4.50 0.03 1.94 0.84 0.42 1.27 12.90 0.15

60.73 44.34 43.02 1.32 0.00 4.80 0.07 2.14 0.91 0.38 1.30 12.71 0.12

-1.85 -0.74 -0.36 -1.60 -22.50 -10.73 -2.69 -6.00 -0.96 -3.75 -1.35 -1.55 -4.03 -7.78

-1.91 -2.05 -0.92 -9.95 -1.25 1.24 7.32 -4.54 6.62 -3.18 -0.89 8.12

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

25.85 .. .. .. 25.30 1.17 .. .. .. -

18.13 .. .. .. 18.21 0.16 .. .. .. -

13.33 0.05 0.00 0.05 12.38 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 -

12.34 0.12 0.12 12.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 -

13.46 0.11 0.11 0.00 12.96 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

13.18 0.08 0.08 0.00 12.81 0.28 0.00 0.00 -

13.05 0.09 0.00 0.09 0.00 12.52 0.37 0.00 0.00 -

-2.91 -2.70 -15.08 -

-1.21 -1.38 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.210 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

POLAND 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

37.71 36.91 36.45 0.46 0.26 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.44 -

67.39 66.92 66.46 0.46 0.23 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.16 0.00

59.49 59.11 59.10 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.25 -

56.59 55.73 55.73 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.86 0.00

63.05 62.41 62.40 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.56 -

60.39 59.85 59.83 0.01 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.46 -

61.18 60.53 60.51 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.44 -

4.96 5.08 5.13 -0.05 -0.87 10.42 -4.76 0.54 -7.48 -7.84 -

-0.36 -0.37 -0.35 -12.09 -29.32 3.88 5.06 3.59 3.72 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.211

POLAND 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

41.12 125.04 11.03 -

28.99 93.12 19.27 -

17.24 67.30 17.32 -

14.21 65.96 18.19 -

11.74 50.87 16.51 -

12.62 41.13 17.38 -

12.18 39.84 16.64 -

-2.87 -2.43 4.76 -

-3.03 -2.98 -0.38 -

40.85 151.78 41.01 -

28.79 118.94 67.58 -

17.22 86.11 59.48 -

14.07 83.83 61.64 -

11.66 65.07 56.51 -

12.48 53.49 61.16 -

12.04 51.82 58.57 -

-2.87 -2.01 4.25 -

-3.05 -2.92 -0.37 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

1.04 1.04 -

0.56 0.56 -

1.46 0.17 1.27 0.02

3.08 2.31 0.62 0.15

11.81 8.48 3.18 0.01 0.14

7.23 4.30 2.72 0.08 0.13

7.20 4.77 2.20 0.08 0.15

11.26 7.27 3.67 0.09 0.23

16.52 12.66 3.56 0.07 0.24

41.28 22.19 16.20 0.90 1.98

29.30 14.41 11.34 0.06 3.49

24.75 15.89 5.33 0.00 3.53

21.63 13.60 3.19 0.00 4.85

15.73 7.26 1.84 0.03 6.60

15.13 6.07 2.33 0.06 6.68

15.48 5.83 2.43 0.06 7.16

13.36 3.83 2.79 0.07 6.67

11.55 1.75 2.96 0.08 6.76

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.212 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

POLAND 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

1044

560

1452

3372

13627

8570

8588

13184

19907

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1044 -

560 -

1263 500 1

610 35 558 17 -

3155 283 781 1839 -

2692 1590 64 439 3 385 -

2210 1688 294 168 -

3630 1731 270 267 539 -

3522 1395 214 155 569 -

x x 1044

x x 560

x 736 26 -

x -

198 x 54 -

x 194 17 -

x 60 -

x 594 10 220

37 x 598 1 552

-

-

189 11 94 6 1 2

2762 29 4 4

10448 1408 12 11 96

5597 370 12 4 107 1

6089 177 15 19 45

9226 116 3 11 230 34

16145 83 205 9 0 965 40

x x -

x x -

4 7 x 13 51 -

5 56 x 2390 274 -

5 146 x 8101 669 -

2 313 x 4744 43 1

2 646 x 5135 50 -

6 702 0 x 8018 106 0 1

3 1432 24 x 12878 507 0 -

-

-

-

-

24

281

289

328

240

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.213

POLAND 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

16042

11226

5290

3151

1815

2303

2438

2753

2923

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

6619 .. 470 392 .. .. .. .. x .. 1311 .. 54 .. .. .. .. 1525 429 .. x x .. .. 376 .. 125 .. 122 .. x 1369 71 .. .. 375 ..

2570 .. 566 105 .. .. .. .. .. 203 254 116 .. .. .. 2 .. 158 .. .. .. .. .. .. 98 .. .. .. 40 .. .. 234 .. .. .. 794 ..

3649 599 214 717 72 131 266 323 53 669 7 494 100 4 -

2769 520 523 13 148 219 295 48 622 99 212 70

1797 367 12 720 2 119 499 78 -

2101 281 1 1366 120 333 -

2161 394 1 1280 1 75 410 -

2351 376 1602 25 348 -

2661 661 1628 41 0 332 -

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

1472 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4576 1249 .. .. .. 284 100 .. 1249 ..

1641 143 529 62 2 2 -

382 355 -

18 -

202 -

277 -

402 -

261 -

1472

1694

903

27

18

202

277

402

261

Non-specified/Other

7951

4080

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

World

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.214 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

POLAND 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

24064

16839

17955

16218

8150

6888

6658

4336

1978

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

16188 .. 260 105 .. .. 274 3078 x 4089 3441 2041 .. .. .. 331 .. 1437 .. .. x x .. .. 264 .. .. .. .. .. x .. 174 8 .. 41 645

13038 .. 1202 242 .. .. 2282 972 .. 2609 141 2583 .. .. .. 458 .. 507 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1043 .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 732 1 .. 250 ..

17138 1213 375 863 2214 3 1175 1336 6396 1 279 196 913 6 208 88 5 286 12 382 146 1040 1

15747 1187 649 717 837 653 1230 6906 240 9 286 245 2 222 142 223 250 9 41 172 66 1614 47

8054 443 216 684 437 185 583 4007 54 228 1 73 73 133 23 132 214 568 -

6221 568 1256 150 85 228 2679 36 108 70 381 62 280 25 100 2 68 123 -

5259 418 1524 141 76 157 1891 84 93 7 1 159 36 236 1 25 90 269 51 -

4023 504 0 1473 5 26 0 1279 0 154 23 22 0 0 37 431 0 8 32 26 -

1895 353 1 750 5 0 249 115 26 3 1 0 0 12 360 0 1 0 18 -

29 .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 .. ..

34 .. .. .. .. .. 16 18 .. ..

817 1 16 3

471 436 -

96 -

667 132 50 377 -

1364 539 51 486 -

313 21 -

83 4 -

..

..

797

35

96

108

288

292

79

7847

3767

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.215

PORTUGAL1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 600

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 40

100% 90%

35

500

80% 30 70%

400

25

300

60%

20

50% 40%

15

200

30% 10 20%

100

5

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

6

6

5

5

4

4

100% 90% 80% 70% 60%

3

3

2

2

1

1

0 1971

0 1971

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

60

2011

Other transformation Other use

70

100% 90%

60

80% 50

70% 60%

40

80% 50

70% 60%

40

50%

50% 30

40% 30%

20

30

40% 30%

20

20%

20% 10 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

2006

10 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1976

III.216 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

PORTUGAL 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.1

0.1 0.5 0.0

0.2 4.3 -0.0 -0.5

5.7 -0.1 -0.2

2.3 0.0

4.2 -0.1

4.9 -0.3

3.8 0.0

-0.8 14.9 -

0.5 -

10.5

0.6

Primary supply

0.7

0.6

3.9

5.4

2.4

4.1

4.6

3.9

Statistical differences

0.1

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

..

Total transformation

-0.4 e

-0.2 e

-3.0 e

-4.7 e

-2.3

-4.0

-4.6

..

12.6

1.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.3 -0.3 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-2.9 -2.9 -0.0

-4.6 -4.6 -0.1

-2.3 -2.3 -

-4.0 -4.0 -

-4.6 -4.6 -

.. .. ..

14.1 14.1 -

1.7 1.7 -

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-

-

-

..

1.2

-

-0.2 e -0.1 e -0.0 0.0

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -2.3 -

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

0.3

0.4

0.9

0.7

0.1

0.0

0.0

..

6.0

-14.0

0.2 0.1 e 0.0 0.1

0.3 0.2 e 0.0 0.0 0.1

0.8 0.1 e 0.0 0.7 0.0

0.6 0.1 e 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

Transport9

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 -

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.4 -1.8 -

-

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

8.9 -13.7 0.9 -9.4 26.6 -15.5 -9.8 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 0.4 0.3 9.1 14.7 7.1 12.6 14.7 12.1 20.4 1.8 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.217

PORTUGAL (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.63 0.17 0.17 0.34 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.01 -

4.40 3.26 3.26 0.31 0.82 0.01 0.81 0.00 0.00 -

6.15 5.17 5.17 0.49 0.48 0.48 -

2.70 2.61 2.61 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.06 -

5.50 5.49 5.49 0.01 0.01 0.01 -

4.80 4.79 4.79 0.01 0.01 -

5.41 5.44 5.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

17.58 27.72 27.72 -0.59 19.97 6.99 32.70 -19.74 -9.91 -

0.77 1.91 1.91 -18.49 -26.77 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.21 0.17 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 -

4.08 3.26 3.26 0.82 0.01 0.81 0.00 0.00 -

5.66 5.17 5.17 0.48 0.48 -

2.70 2.61 2.61 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.06 -

5.50 5.49 5.49 0.01 0.01 0.01 -

4.80 4.79 4.79 0.01 0.01 -

5.41 5.44 5.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

28.21 27.90 27.90 29.73 6.99 32.70 -

1.05 1.91 1.91 -18.49 -26.77 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.42 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.06 0.06 0.01 -

0.31 0.31 -

0.50 0.49 -

-

-

-

-

-2.48 -0.59 -

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

III.218 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

PORTUGAL 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.11 -

0.16 -

-

-

-

-

-

3.78 -

-

0.18 -

0.28 -

-

-

-

-

-

3.78 -

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.52 0.01 0.40 0.11

4.28 3.89 0.38 0.01

5.67 5.18 0.49 -

4.61 4.60 0.01

2.33 2.32 0.00

4.58 4.58 0.01

4.16 4.15 0.01

4.87 4.86 0.01

3.83 3.82 0.01

-

0.01 0.01

0.08 0.08

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.219

PORTUGAL 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

412

4669

6367

5272

2657

5420

4911

5712

4496

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

404 8 122 3 257 -

377 162 40 20 155 -

487 289 198 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x 14

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

8 3 -

4292 177 1555 4

5880 343 19

5272 222 378 228

2657 609 221

5420 121 6

4911 81 3

5712 740 2

4496 40 688 4

5 x x -

390 2112 54 x x -

2846 156 2426 x 90 -

2314 144 1985 x 1 -

1297 483 x 47 -

5288 x 5 -

4520 307 x -

4510 163 x 297 -

3696 x 68 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

III.220 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

35

100

30

100% 90% 80%

25

80

70% 60%

20 60

50% 15

40%

40

30%

10

20%

20

5

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0 1971

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

100%

Other transformation Other use

60

100% 90%

90%

30

80% 25

70%

50

80% 70%

40

60%

60%

20

50% 15

30

50% 40%

40% 30%

10

20% 5

20

30% 20%

10

10%

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 35

0 1971

1976

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

10%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.221

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

2.4 8.9 -

2.4 9.0 -0.1 0.3

2.0 8.9 -0.1 0.5

1.5 5.0 -0.1 -0.2

0.9 4.6 -0.4 0.5

0.6 3.9 -0.1 0.1

0.6 4.3 -0.1 -0.0

0.5 4.4 -0.1 -0.1

-1.1 -0.0 -

-4.1 -2.6 -2.1

Primary supply

11.4

11.7

11.2

6.1

5.6

4.6

4.8

4.7

-0.1

-3.1

Statistical differences

-1.9

-0.1

-0.0

0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

..

Total transformation

-4.0 e

-5.1 e

-4.6 e

-3.6 e

-3.2

-2.8

-2.9

..

0.8

-1.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-2.7 -2.7 -

-4.1 -3.5 -0.6

-3.3 -2.9 -0.5

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-1.8 -1.6 -0.2

-1.4 -1.2 -0.2

-1.5 -1.3 -0.2

.. .. ..

1.2 0.3 -

-3.0 -3.0 -3.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.4 -1.3 -0.1 -

-1.4 -1.3 -0.1 -

-1.5 -1.4 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 4.4 -11.8 -

0.5 0.5 0.9 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-1.3 e -0.6 e -0.7 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-1.3 e -1.2 e -0.1 -

-1.2 e -1.0 e -0.2 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-0.6

-0.6

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6

-0.5

..

-

-0.6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

..

5.5

5.8

5.9

2.0

1.7

1.2

1.3

..

0.4

-5.5

3.8 1.5 e 2.3

2.5 1.0 e 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.8

2.7 1.4 e 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6

1.6 1.0 e 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

1.1 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.9 0.1 0.0

1.0 1.0 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

1.7 1.7 -

3.3 2.7 0.3 0.4 0.0

3.1 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

Losses Final consumption6 7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-2.0 -3.5 -0.4 -1.5 -3.6 -7.2 -11.3 -

-

3.6 -10.6 - -11.0 -9.0 -13.9 -19.5 1.8

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 7.9 7.6 8.1 6.1 4.1 3.3 3.5 2.8 0.1 -3.0 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.222 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

19.52 6.19 6.19 2.15 5.08 5.08 2.93 -

18.36 5.72 5.11 0.61 2.92 0.18 e 3.10 0.62 e 0.62 0.21 0.44 1.21 e 6.35 -

8.87 4.36 4.01 0.35 2.21 0.35 e 1.31 0.42 e 0.30 0.20 0.27 0.12 e 0.62 -

7.21 3.57 3.48 0.09 2.13 0.36 0.52 0.33 0.17 0.02 0.00 0.61 0.02

6.36 2.94 2.86 0.09 2.13 0.61 e 0.46 0.35 e 0.07 0.05 e 0.19 0.03

6.09 2.78 2.71 0.06 2.13 0.59 0.38 0.29 0.05 0.04 0.18 0.03

6.15 2.79 2.72 0.08 2.05 0.67 0.41 0.31 0.05 0.04 0.20 0.03

-0.51 -0.66 -1.58 2.56 -4.05 -11.27 6.66 -

-3.97 -2.62 -2.31 -7.36 -1.29 5.02 -7.26 -2.49 -5.30 -11.63 -12.00 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

3.97 2.21 2.21 1.24 1.24 0.08 -

2.74 1.98 1.68 0.30 0.65 0.39 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.10 0.12 -

2.06 1.33 1.12 0.21 0.68 0.36 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.05 -

1.67 0.71 0.62 0.09 0.50 0.33 0.16 0.01 0.44 0.02

1.03 0.49 0.41 0.08 0.40 0.35 0.05 0.00 0.10 0.03

0.95 0.51 0.45 0.06 0.34 0.29 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.03

1.08 0.60 0.53 0.07 0.36 0.31 0.04 0.10 0.03

-3.04 -0.91 -2.25 -5.27 -19.12 3.99 -

-3.38 -4.31 -4.20 -5.03 -2.17 -0.81 -3.68 -0.86 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

2.18 2.15 0.03 0.03 -

3.14 2.92 0.18 e 0.04 0.04 e - e -

2.60 2.21 0.35 e 0.04 0.04 e - e -

2.49 2.13 0.36 -

2.74 2.13 0.61 e 0.00 0.00 e - e -

2.72 2.13 0.59 -

2.72 2.05 0.67 -

3.08 2.56 3.54 -

-0.53 -1.29 5.02 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.223

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

13.36 3.98 3.98 3.82 3.82 2.85 -

12.48 3.74 3.43 0.31 2.41 0.19 0.61 0.09 0.41 1.11 6.23 -

4.21 3.03 2.89 0.14 0.60 0.01 0.30 0.01 0.17 0.11 0.57 -

3.05 2.86 2.86 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.17 -

2.60 2.45 2.45 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.09 -

2.42 2.27 2.27 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.11 -

2.35 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.11 -

-0.57 -0.52 -1.23 -3.77 -9.77 6.72 -

-6.00 -1.96 -1.65 -15.77 -13.50 -10.23 -11.35 -14.00 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

III.224 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

2.43 -

2.00 -

1.45 -

0.91 -

0.88 -

0.64 -

0.52 -

-1.62 -

-4.14 -

5.80 -

4.77 -

3.65 -

2.51 -

2.38 -

1.83 -

1.50 -

-1.63 -

-3.48 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

9.67 3.24 2.08 3.15 1.21

8.87 2.33 2.99 2.96 0.60

4.95 1.92 2.58 0.31 0.14

5.56 2.23 2.74 0.33 0.26

4.59 1.18 2.49 0.31 0.61

4.03 0.83 2.79 0.22 0.20

3.91 0.78 2.73 0.23 0.17

4.31 0.99 2.78 0.27 0.27

4.36 1.04 2.75 0.27 0.31

-

0.13 0.13 -

0.06 0.00 0.06

0.21 0.21

0.38 0.38

0.07 0.07

0.08 0.08

0.08 0.08

0.07 0.07

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.225

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

13711

12941

5657

6000

4411

4099

4051

4364

4382

2180 -

3132 -

2596 901 e 669 e -

2732 1586 579 290 -

2472 1557 445 309 -

2740 263 804 354 257 -

2686 69 289 1064 413 70 14

2732 168 736 455 337 26

2698 364 636 377 213 -

x x 2180

x x 3132

x 1026 e -

x 180 97 -

x 153 8 -

x 624 411 27

x 342 285 140

30 x 452 272 256

35 x 641 39 393

3971 -

2734 -

2255 931 e 286 e -

2531 22 227 2

1326 279 2 96 -

923 244 123 25 -

871 159 167 -

1076 85 255 -

1131 116 276 -

x x 3971

x x 2734

x 579 e 459 e -

x 1968 163 149

x 863 29 57

x 524 5 2

x 531 14 -

x 730 6 -

x 733 6 -

7560

7075

806

737

613

436

494

556

553

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.226 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SLOVENIA1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

12

100

10

80

8

60

6

40

4

20

2

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0 1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2011

2018p

0 1990

Coal/population

1993

1996

1999

2002

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2005

2008

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

2.5

2.5

100% 90%

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0 1990

0.0 1990

80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

Production Exports

2011

2018p

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2008

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 20

100%

18

100%

18

90%

16

90%

16

80%

14

80%

14

70%

12

60%

10

50%

8

40%

6

30%

4

20%

2

10%

0 1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2008

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

70%

12

60%

10

50% 8

40%

6

30%

4

20%

2

10%

0 1990

1993

1996

Coal Other

1999

2002

2005

2008

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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1993

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.227

SLOVENIA 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

x x x x

x x x x

1.9 0.2 -0.0 0.1

1.5 0.4 -0.0 -0.0

1.7 0.4 -0.0

1.3 0.3 0.0

1.3 0.3 0.0

1.3 0.3 0.0

-

-1.4 0.8 -

Primary supply

x

x

2.3

1.9

2.1

1.6

1.6

1.6

-

-1.2

Statistical differences

x

x

-0.0

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

Total transformation

x

x

-1.9 e

-1.8

-2.0

-1.6

-1.6

..

-

-0.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

x x x

x x x

-1.9 -1.9 -0.0

-1.8 -1.8 -0.0

-2.0 -2.0 -0.0

-1.6 -1.6 -0.0

-1.6 -1.5 -0.0

.. .. ..

-

-0.7 -0.7 -

Gas works

x

x

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Coal transformation4

x x x x x

x x x x x

-0.0 e -0.0 e -

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

x

x

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

x

x

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-

-5.9

x x x x x x

x x x x x x

0.2 0.0 e 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-4.3 - -12.8

Transport9

x

x

-

-

-

-

0.0

..

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

x x x x x

x x x x x

0.2 0.2 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

- -22.5 - -22.5 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

-

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh x x 3.9 4.6 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.6 0.8 -1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.228 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SLOVENIA 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

6.09 5.30 5.22 0.08 0.31 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.19 0.45 -

4.93 4.83 4.82 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.01 -

4.92 4.84 4.81 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.00 -

3.58 3.52 3.50 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00

3.76 3.71 3.69 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00

3.75 3.70 3.69 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00

-

-1.78 -1.32 -1.28 -6.04 -6.97 -2.51 -14.94 -24.25 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.26 0.23 0.23 0.03 0.01 0.02 -

0.45 0.36 0.35 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.01 -

0.50 0.44 0.42 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 -

0.37 0.33 0.32 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00

0.38 0.34 0.33 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00

0.41 0.37 0.35 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00

-

1.71 1.72 1.56 1.28 -7.55 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.229

SLOVENIA 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

5.83 5.07 4.99 0.08 0.28 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.17 0.45 -

4.48 4.47 4.47 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

4.42 4.40 4.39 0.01 0.02 0.02 -

3.21 3.19 3.18 0.01 0.02 0.02 -

3.38 3.37 3.37 0.00 0.01 0.01 -

3.34 3.34 3.34 -

-

-2.04 -1.54 -1.48 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.230 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SLOVENIA 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

x x x x x

1.93 -

1.52 -

1.69 -

1.71 -

1.33 -

1.28 -

-

-1.36 -

x x x x x

5.58 -

4.48 -

4.54 -

4.43 -

3.36 -

3.22 -

-

-1.87 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

x x x x x x x

0.23 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.07

0.35 0.01 0.27 0.07

0.48 0.04 0.38 0.05

0.40 0.02 0.31 0.04 0.03

0.29 0.01 0.24 0.01 0.03

0.28 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.03

0.28 0.01 0.24 0.03

0.30 0.01 0.26 0.03

x x x x x x x

0.02 0.02 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.01 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.231

SLOVENIA 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

x

254

448

593

575

403

385

383

415

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

x x x x x x x x x

1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x x x x x x x x x

x x 1

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x x x x x x x x x

253 -

448 8 -

593 22 1 11 12

500 9 2 13

373 3 1 7

374 2 1 1 10

383 3 0 9

415 1 0 9

x x x x x x x x x x

x x 253

427 x 13

1 2 501 x 41 2

434 x 7 11 24

357 x 5 -

360 x -

371 x -

404 x -

x

-

-

-

75

30

11

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

III.232 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SPAIN1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 250

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

100% 90%

200

200

80% 70%

150

150

100

100

50

50

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0 1971

0 1971

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

300

80% 250

2011

Other transformation Other use

400

100% 90%

350

80%

300

70%

70% 60%

200

50% 150

40% 30%

100

250

60%

200

50% 40%

150

30%

100

20%

20% 50 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 350

2006

50 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1976

10%

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.233

SPAIN 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.3 3.1 -0.0 0.6

14.0 5.9 -0.0 -2.2

16.8 10.1 -0.0 0.6

11.4 19.1 -0.7 0.2

4.7 11.2 -1.6 -3.3

1.1 11.6 -0.5 2.9

1.6 15.9 -0.3 0.9

1.1 13.4 -0.5 -0.2

3.6 7.3 -

-8.3 1.7 7.9

Primary supply

12.9

17.8

27.5

29.9

11.1

15.0

18.1

13.9

4.6

-1.5

1.2

0.0

-0.1

0.7

0.8

-0.1

-0.1

..

Total transformation

-7.4 e

-12.9 e

-22.0 e

-28.3 e

-9.5 e

-13.4 e

-16.4 e

..

6.6

-1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-4.3 -4.3 -

-11.2 -11.1 -0.1

-20.3 -20.1 -0.2

-26.7 -26.4 -0.3

-8.7 -8.5 -0.2

-12.2 -12.1 -0.1

-15.2 -15.1 -0.1

.. .. ..

9.5 9.5 -

-1.1 -1.1 -1.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.0

-

..

-0.2

-

-3.5 e -2.3 e -1.3 -0.0

-2.3 e -1.6 e -0.7 0.0 e

-2.2 e -1.4 e -0.8 0.0

-1.7 e -1.0 e -0.7 -

-0.8 e -0.9 e 0.0 -

-1.2 e -1.1 -0.2 e -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.9 -2.8 -2.9 -

-2.2 -1.2 -5.1 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-1.2 e -1.0 e -0.2 e -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.7

-0.8

-0.5

-0.4

-0.8

-0.2

-0.2

..

-1.7

-2.9

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.3

-0.1

..

5.9

4.0

4.8

2.0

1.5

0.9

1.3

..

-1.2

-4.9

5.1 3.1 e 0.4 1.6

3.1 2.3 e 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2

4.0 1.9 e 0.2 1.6 0.0 0.2

1.6 1.0 e 0.1 0.4 0.1

1.1 0.8 e 0.2 0.0 0.1

0.7 0.4 e 0.2 0.0 0.1

1.0 0.8 e 0.2 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

Transport9

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

0.8 0.1 0.7 -

0.8 0.1 0.7 -

0.8 0.1 0.8 0.0 -

0.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 -

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

0.3 -1.1 0.3 -

-5.7 -6.8 6.2 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

0.4 0.1 e 0.3 -

-1.4 -4.9 -2.9 -3.1 -3.9 -0.9 - -16.6 -10.4 -5.8

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 14.3 32.8 60.7 80.9 26.3 37.5 46.3 39.3 8.9 -1.0 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

III.234 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SPAIN 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

21.35 14.90 14.77 0.13 0.06 5.16 0.78 0.31 0.23 0.18 0.00 0.08 0.38 -

46.82 39.50 39.42 0.08 0.01 4.48 2.33 0.30 0.14 1.78 0.06 0.05 0.58 -

45.65 41.02 40.83 0.19 3.64 0.57 e 0.65 0.11 e 0.06 0.47 - e 0.30 -

14.66 10.97 10.71 0.26 2.65 0.56 e 0.38 0.12 e 0.22 0.04 - e 0.35 -

24.41 22.69 22.46 0.23 2.03 0.88 0.32 0.08 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.18 -

19.19 16.56 16.34 0.23 2.06 0.82 0.31 0.06 0.22 0.02 0.01 0.17 -

23.15 20.58 20.36 0.22 2.00 0.75 e 0.46 0.24 e 0.19 0.02 0.01 e 0.18 -

6.76 8.46 8.52 -4.23 -18.93 -1.17 9.49 -0.16 -3.99 21.25 33.31 -3.32 3.53 -

-2.57 -2.39 -2.42 3.86 -2.94 -5.83 -0.81 1.19 -16.21 -4.61 -4.33 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

11.30 9.71 9.58 0.13 0.06 0.30 0.78 0.31 0.23 0.18 0.00 0.08 0.38 -

25.79 22.92 22.84 0.08 0.01 0.02 2.33 0.30 0.14 1.78 0.06 0.05 0.58 -

33.70 32.62 32.43 0.19 0.57 e 0.65 0.11 e 0.06 0.47 - e 0.30 -

12.16 10.97 10.71 0.26 0.56 e 0.38 0.12 e 0.22 0.04 - e 0.35 -

22.58 22.69 22.46 0.23 0.88 0.32 0.08 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.18 -

17.33 16.56 16.34 0.23 0.82 0.31 0.06 0.22 0.02 0.01 0.17 -

21.35 20.58 20.36 0.22 0.75 e 0.46 0.24 e 0.19 0.02 0.01 e 0.18 -

7.12 7.42 7.51 -4.23 -18.93 -18.94 9.49 -0.16 -3.99 21.25 33.31 -3.32 3.53 -

-0.70 -0.40 -0.43 3.86 -5.83 -0.81 1.19 -16.21 -4.61 -4.33 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

4.86 4.86 -

4.46 4.46 -

3.56 3.64 -

2.50 2.65 -

1.83 2.03 -

1.86 2.06 -

1.80 2.00 -

-0.73 -0.73 -

-3.30 -2.92 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.235

SPAIN 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

5.20 5.20 5.20 -

16.58 16.58 16.58 -

8.40 8.40 8.40 -

-

-

-

-

10.15 10.15 10.15 -

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

III.236 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SPAIN 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

1.87 7.86 1.38 -

0.28 12.12 4.38 -

9.23 2.15 -

7.27 1.68 -

4.71 -

1.61 -

1.11 -

-14.69 3.68 10.09 -

-7.20 -

1.80 12.63 5.22 -

0.28 19.03 16.37 -

14.95 8.52 -

11.89 7.59 -

8.43 -

2.98 -

2.16 -

-14.39 3.48 9.99 -

-6.64 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

3.63 0.24 3.14 0.00 0.24

10.15 5.48 4.29 0.00 0.39

19.07 15.09 3.84 0.13

21.19 17.40 3.66 0.13

11.21 8.26 2.75 0.20

15.64 13.62 1.72 0.31

11.56 9.63 1.76 0.17

15.93 13.92 1.76 0.24

13.38 11.38 1.62 0.38

0.01 0.01 -

0.04 0.00 0.04

0.72 0.72

0.59 0.59

1.59 1.23 0.36

1.03 0.90 0.13

0.49 0.37 0.13

0.34 0.22 0.12

0.45 0.23 0.23

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.237

SPAIN 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

3382

10456

21649

24756

12817

18735

13830

19089

15773

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3029 454 68 395 1369 743 -

4169 672 364 234 2899 -

3755 1388 383 1912 -

3571 1682 285 99 1273 -

2777 1272 60 1 1384 -

1721 788 1 932 -

1767 1065 702 -

1767 1021 154 592 -

1621 915 73 633 -

x x -

x x -

x 72 -

178 x 54 -

60 x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

353 12 27

6287 271 43 16 153 275 90

17894 1627 102 313 27 585 39

21185 1433 16 169 28 4 227 12

10040 400 1 80 12 16 481 18

17014 464 1 54 18 390 125

12063 296 1 45 18 11 447 322

17322 40 4 9 32 1176 743

14152 419 6 18 8 824 416

114 196 x x 4

404 4667 285 x x 53 30

191 1112 2804 9180 x 1496 29 389 -

47 1938 3784 8736 x 4235 450 91 15 -

7 2796 2411 2584 x 852 322 54 6

9 6276 3851 1209 x 4035 144 113 105 220

12 4047 3997 315 x 2448 33 71

11 4570 4257 1432 x 4969 19 60

11 3421 4494 890 x 3645 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.238 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SPAIN 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

10

3

-

-

1488

1088

453

264

276

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10 10 x x x x -

3 3 -

-

-

1288 1 4 1172 2 11 28 70 -

936 5 18 32 764 9 2 4 21 81 -

348 7 40 4 8 243 2 14 30 -

156 41 31 24 13 6 41 -

166 7 25 5 19 56 24 30 -

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

-

-

-

-

29 14 15 -

121 35 -

98 37 11 -

108 7 42 -

109 8 65 -

-

-

-

-

-

86

50

59

36

Non-specified/Other

-

-

-

-

171

26

2

-

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.239

SWEDEN1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 200

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 80

180

100% 90%

70

160

80% 60

140

70%

120

50

100

40

80

60% 50% 40%

30

60

30% 20

40

20% 10

20 0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

6

5

100% 90%

5

4

80% 70%

4 3

60%

3

50% 2

40%

2

30% 1

1

20% 10%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

100%

90

100%

160

90%

80

90%

140

80%

70

80%

70%

120

60%

100

70%

60

60%

50

50%

50% 80

40%

60

30%

40

20%

20

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

40

40%

30

30%

20

20%

10

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

III.240 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SWEDEN 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

0.0 2.4 -0.0 -0.1

0.0 2.5 -0.1 0.0

0.2 3.8 -0.0 0.2

0.2 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

0.3 3.7 -0.0 -0.4

0.2 3.2 -0.0 -0.4

0.2 2.8 -0.0 -0.0

0.2 2.9 -0.0 -0.0

19.5 2.7 -

-1.4 -1.1 -

3.6

-1.4

Primary supply

2.3

2.4

4.2

3.5

3.6

2.9

2.9

3.1

Statistical differences

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.3

-0.1

-0.1

..

Total transformation

-0.7 e

-0.9 e

-2.5 e

-2.3 e

-2.4 e

-1.5 e

-1.6 e

..

7.5

-1.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-1.6 -1.6 -0.0

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1

-1.2 -1.1 -0.1

-0.6 -0.6 -0.0

-0.7 -0.6 -0.1

.. .. ..

19.8 19.7 -

-3.1 -3.3 5.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-6.0

-6.2

-0.8 e -0.8 e -0.0 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-1.2 e -0.8 e -0.4 -

-1.2 e -0.8 e -0.5 -

-0.9 e -0.8 e -0.2 -

-0.9 e -0.8 e -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -0.8 11.2 -

-0.0 0.5 -1.8 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

3.6

0.5

Losses Final consumption6

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

..

1.5

1.3

1.5

1.1

1.2

1.0

1.0

..

0.2

-1.6

1.2 0.7 e 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2

1.1 0.6 e 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

1.4 0.6 e 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.3

1.0 0.5 e 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2

1.2 0.7 e 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

1.0 0.6 e 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

1.0 0.5 e 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

.. .. .. .. .. ..

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

0.7 -1.3 -1.4 -0.1 2.8 -2.3 16.8 -10.5 0.8 -1.1

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.2 0.2 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.2 -11.8 0.3

-9.6 -3.7

0.5 0.2 1.6 2.5 2.7 1.1 1.2 2.0 7.0 -0.9 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances . 5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.241

SWEDEN 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1.57 0.02 0.02 1.23 0.30 0.02 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03

3.71 1.19 1.17 0.01 1.52 0.18 e 0.74 0.05 e 0.03 0.39 0.10 0.18 e 0.07 0.02

2.86 0.50 0.49 0.01 1.77 0.27 e 0.50 0.04 e 0.25 0.03 0.17 e -

2.86 0.44 0.44 1.85 0.31 e 0.53 0.12 e 0.23 0.01 0.18 e -

2.80 0.29 0.29 1.58 0.26 e 0.52 0.06 e 0.25 0.01 0.20 e -

2.67 0.18 0.18 1.53 0.38 e 0.50 0.08 e 0.21 0.01 0.20 e -

2.60 0.22 0.22 1.49 0.36 e 0.48 0.07 e 0.22 0.00 0.19 e -

7.43 43.16 43.02 1.77 7.88 6.32 9.89 6.43 33.48 7.07 33.66 -3.02

-1.31 -5.99 -5.94 -0.06 2.53 -1.57 1.30 -2.14 -11.10 0.34 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.34 0.02 0.02 0.30 0.02 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03

2.19 1.19 1.17 0.01 0.18 e 0.74 0.05 e 0.03 0.39 0.10 0.18 e 0.07 0.02

1.09 0.50 0.49 0.01 0.27 e 0.50 0.04 e 0.25 0.03 0.17 e -

0.99 0.44 0.44 0.31 e 0.53 0.12 e 0.23 0.01 0.18 e -

1.21 0.29 0.29 0.26 e 0.52 0.06 e 0.25 0.01 0.20 e -

1.13 0.18 0.18 0.38 e 0.50 0.08 e 0.21 0.01 0.20 e -

1.09 0.22 0.22 0.36 e 0.48 0.07 e 0.22 0.00 0.19 e -

16.72 43.16 43.02 7.88 6.32 9.89 6.43 33.48 7.07 33.66 -3.02

-2.56 -5.99 -5.94 2.53 -1.57 1.30 -2.14 -11.10 0.34 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1.23 1.23 -

1.52 1.52 -

1.77 1.77 -

1.87 1.85 -

1.59 1.58 -

1.54 1.53 -

1.51 1.49 -

1.77 1.77 -

-0.00 -0.06 -

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.242 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SWEDEN 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

0.83 0.81 0.81 0.02 0.02 -

0.77 0.76 0.76 0.01 0.01 0.01 -

1.16 1.13 1.13 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 -

0.45 0.44 0.43 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

0.48 0.47 0.46 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

0.45 0.44 0.44 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

-

-2.23 -2.27 -2.29 -0.77 -6.01 -

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.243

SWEDEN 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

0.01 -

0.01 0.23 -

0.23 -

0.30 -

0.34 -

0.16 -

0.23 -

-3.07 -

-1.37 -

0.02 -

0.01 0.58 -

0.54 -

0.71 -

0.80 -

0.38 -

0.54 -

-3.07 -

-1.59 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

1.88 0.26 1.21 0.41

3.81 2.05 1.35 0.00 0.10 0.31

3.47 1.19 1.86 0.10 0.32

3.68 1.17 2.00 0.13 0.38

3.67 0.96 2.31 0.16 0.24

2.87 1.14 1.61 0.04 0.08

3.20 0.98 2.10 0.03 0.10

2.83 0.99 1.71 0.03 0.09

2.93 1.23 1.43 0.04 0.22

0.12 0.03 0.09

0.04 0.00 0.04

0.03 0.00 0.03

0.04 0.00 0.04

0.03 0.00 0.03

0.08 0.08

0.03 0.03

0.03 0.03

0.01 0.01

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.244 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SWEDEN 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

1545

3545

3092

3203

3285

2791

3100

2731

2718

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1239 78 99 231 71 5 338 -

1315 449 e 102 e 764 e -

1814 990 54 570 -

1955 1000 22 462 1

2258 1373 529 -

1573 1031 22 520 -

2047 1536 511 -

1667 951 191 520 5

1399 911 68 410 -

417 x x -

x x -

x 200 -

x 470 -

x 356 -

x -

x -

x -

x 10 -

306 8 42 174 30 -

2228 187 1 6 7 732 103 117 8

1278 83 698 15 25 66

1248 370 3 127 2 30 286

1027 73 1 178 24 382

1218 185 1 100 371

1053 111 6 97 4 331

1064 58 2 48 4 436

1319 145 47 3 2 11 10 503

52 x x -

8 108 573 x x 375 3

120 x 271 -

x 377 53 -

x 300 3 66 -

3 x 548 6 4

x 504 -

x 502 14

x 593 5

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

e e e e e e e e e e

e e

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.245

SWITZERLAND1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 120

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 45

100%

40

90%

35

80%

100

80

70%

30

60%

25 60

50% 20

40

40%

15

30%

10

20%

5

10%

20

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

1.2

0.8

100% 90%

0.7

1.0

80%

0.6 0.8

70%

0.5

0.6

60%

0.4

50% 40%

0.3

0.4

30%

0.2 0.2

20%

0.1

0.0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0.0 1971

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

100%

50

100%

90%

45

90%

80%

40

80%

70%

35

70%

60%

30

60%

50%

25

50%

40%

20

40%

30%

15

30%

20%

10

20%

10%

5

10%

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

2006

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

1976

1976

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

80

0 1971

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

III.246 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SWITZERLAND 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3 Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

0.3 -0.0 0.2

0.7 -0.3

0.5 -0.0 0.0

0.3 -0.1

0.2 0.0

0.2 0.0

0.2 -0.0 0.0

0.1 -0.0 -

2.2 -

-4.2 -

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.5

-4.3

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.0

..

0.2

0.0

-0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-15.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

..

-1.0

-4.2

0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

6.0 19.2 -6.9

-3.8 -3.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.4 0.4 -

0.1 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-10.9 -17.0 -

-10.1 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 0.1 0.0 --------1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.247

SWITZERLAND (million tonnes) 1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.15 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02

0.49 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.45 0.01 0.40 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00

0.18 0.17 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 -

0.23 0.21 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.02 -

0.21 0.20 0.02 0.18 0.00 0.01 -

0.18 0.17 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.01 -

0.17 0.17 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.00 -

10.50 12.70 26.63 13.51 -6.82 19.28 6.70 -4.17 -4.62 -12.55

-3.77 -3.54 -3.38 -6.64 -5.29 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

0.15 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02

0.48 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.45 0.01 0.40 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00

0.17 0.17 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 -

0.17 0.15 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.02 -

0.08 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 -

0.05 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 -

0.05 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 -

10.26 12.70 26.63 13.51 -6.82 19.28 6.70 -4.17 -15.46 -12.55

-7.84 -7.89 -8.58 -6.64 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1

III.248 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SWITZERLAND 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 -

0.13 0.13 0.13 -

0.13 0.13 0.13 -

0.12 0.12 0.12 -

-

8.64 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.249

SWITZERLAND 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.29 0.13 0.15

0.50 0.46 0.01 0.03

0.27 0.24 0.00 0.03

0.14 0.09 0.03 0.02

0.18 0.11 0.05 0.02

0.19 0.07 0.11 0.01

0.16 0.04 0.11 0.01

0.16 0.04 0.10 0.01

0.11 0.01 0.09 0.01

-

0.01 0.01 0.00

-

-

-

-

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.250 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SWITZERLAND 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

141

490

256

139

196

208

180

174

125

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

141 14 79 8 17

482 55 1 6

250 12 2

100 4 2

130 5 16

76 4 1

47 4 14

52 0 3 0 0 3

15 2 0 0 3

23 x x -

420 x x -

234 x 2 -

91 x 3 -

107 x 2 -

64 x 2 3 1 1

21 x 3 4 1 -

0 0 37 x 4 4 1 -

0 x 5 3 2 -

-

8

6

39

66

132

133

123

110

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.251

TURKEY1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100) 500

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

100%

450

90%

400

200

80%

350

70%

300

150

60%

250

50%

200

100

40%

150

30%

100

50

20%

50

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

70

70

60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100% 90%

300

80% 250

2011

Other transformation Other use

400

100% 90%

350

80%

300

70%

70% 60%

200

50% 150

40% 30%

100

250

60%

200

50% 40%

150

30%

100

20%

20% 50 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 350

2006

50 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

III.252 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

TURKEY 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

7.4 0.0 -0.1

8.8 0.8 -0.1 0.4

16.3 5.6 -0.0 0.4

18.6 13.0 -0.1 1.1

23.9 20.9 -0.0 -0.3

22.1 33.6 -0.2 -0.8

22.4 35.6 -0.2 -0.5

26.3 35.8 -0.2 -0.1

4.7 41.7 -

1.2 7.1 8.7

7.4

10.0

22.3

32.6

44.6

54.8

57.3

61.8

6.7

3.6

-

-0.3

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.6

-1.4

..

-10.4 e

-16.6 e

-22.4 e

-34.7 e

-36.3 e

..

7.9

4.7

Total transformation

-2.9 e

-3.4 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-1.8 -1.8 -

-2.6 -2.2 -0.4

-7.8 -7.2 -0.7

-14.1 -13.4 -0.7

-19.8 -18.2 -1.6

-31.2 -28.3 -2.9

-32.8 -29.8 -3.0

.. .. ..

9.0 8.4 -

5.4 5.4 5.7

Gas works

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-8.7

-

Coal transformation4

-0.9 e 0.0 -0.6 e -0.4 -

-0.7 e 0.0 -0.9 e 0.1 -

-2.6 e 0.0 -1.6 e -1.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

6.1 6.3 5.7 -

1.2 2.0 -0.7 -

Autoproducers

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-2.5 e 0.0 -1.8 e -0.7 -

-2.6 e -2.0 e -0.6 -

-3.5 e -2.7 e -0.8 -

-3.6 e -2.8 e -0.8 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.2

-0.3

-0.6

-0.5

-0.9

-1.4

-1.5

..

5.7

3.7

Losses Final consumption6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

4.2

6.0

11.2

15.5

21.2

18.0

18.1

..

5.9

1.8

1.6 0.4 e 0.3 1.0

3.1 0.9 e 0.2 2.0

6.5 1.1 e 0.4 1.8 3.2

12.7 1.4 e 0.1 1.8 0.0 9.4

10.5 2.4 e 0.6 4.6 0.1 2.9

Transport9

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.0

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10

1.9 0.0 1.9 -

2.6 0.0 2.6 -

4.7 0.4 4.3 -

2.8 0.3 2.5 -

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8

Non-energy use

9.8 2.0 e 0.8 4.3 0.3 2.5

9.9 2.3 e 0.7 3.9 0.3 2.7

.. .. .. .. .. ..

8.5 7.0 2.1 7.1

1.6 2.7 2.1 2.9 -0.7

-

-

-

..

-18.7

-

10.7 5.8 4.8 -

8.2 5.3 2.9 -

8.2 5.4 2.8 -

.. .. .. .. ..

5.6 29.3 5.1 -

2.1 10.5 -1.6 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Electricity gen. - TWh 3.2 6.0 20.2 38.2 55.0 92.3 97.5 113.2 11.4 6.0 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.253

TURKEY 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

17.86 5.49 5.30 0.19 0.02 2.49 0.29 3.97 0.00 0.73 3.24 5.10 -

54.37 30.36 30.08 0.28 0.04 4.72 0.10 9.99 0.93 2.98 6.07 8.76 -

79.93 54.48 53.94 0.54 0.00 4.19 15.55 0.09 0.25 2.53 0.02 12.66 5.52 -

94.81 62.79 61.77 1.02 5.32 0.46 e 12.33 0.59 e 0.95 6.13 0.07 4.59 e 13.74 -

92.51 65.18 62.67 2.51 6.04 0.67 e 10.18 0.43 e 1.21 4.71 0.27 3.57 e 9.88 -

106.53 78.27 75.76 2.51 5.68 0.62 e 10.78 0.64 e 1.09 4.88 0.38 3.79 e 10.03 -

111.81 83.56 80.92 2.64 5.80 1.19 e 10.66 0.64 e 0.98 4.59 0.41 4.05 e 9.96 -

9.72 15.31 15.57 3.17 6.74 5.49 -8.83 8.00 2.10 5.38 4.61 -

2.71 3.82 3.73 8.64 0.76 0.24 0.17 1.61 -1.49 0.48 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

1.21 0.68 0.68 0.09 0.29 0.29 0.10 -

3.22 0.37 0.37 0.06 1.27 1.00 0.27 1.38 -

8.50 1.66 1.66 6.16 0.06 1.25 4.86 0.63 -

18.96 6.81 6.81 0.46 e 4.08 0.43 e 0.20 3.17 0.05 0.23 e 7.58 -

29.20 15.81 14.36 1.45 0.67 e 5.30 0.43 e 0.59 3.61 0.04 0.63 e 6.98 -

32.29 18.68 17.20 1.48 0.62 e 5.81 0.64 e 0.55 4.02 0.19 0.41 e 6.71 -

33.82 20.23 18.82 1.41 1.19 e 4.96 0.64 e 0.35 3.29 0.20 0.47 e 6.89 -

8.53 -5.01 -5.01 -3.28 13.24 -0.51 24.25 -

9.10 15.99 15.68 5.18 4.52 2.13 6.13 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

3.43 0.36 0.31 0.05 2.39 0.29 0.05 0.05 0.11 -

5.26 0.11 0.08 0.03 4.66 0.10 0.25 0.25 0.13 -

7.05 0.28 0.28 4.19 2.47 0.09 2.38 0.10 -

6.65 0.59 0.59 6.04 -

6.30 0.61 0.61 5.68 -

6.33 0.52 0.52 5.80 -

3.63 -9.80 -11.22 -4.01 5.71 -8.83 14.47 14.47 1.19 -

0.69 6.12 11.16 0.81 -

2

6.61 0.54 0.54 5.32 0.55 0.15 0.40 0.18 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.254 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

TURKEY 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

13.23 4.45 4.30 0.15 0.02 3.63 0.00 0.73 2.90 4.88 -

45.89 29.88 29.63 0.25 0.04 8.47 0.93 1.98 5.56 7.25 -

64.38 52.54 52.29 0.26 0.00 6.92 0.19 1.28 0.02 5.42 4.79 -

69.24 55.44 54.96 0.48 7.70 0.75 2.96 0.02 3.97 5.98 -

56.66 48.78 48.31 0.47 4.88 0.61 1.11 0.23 2.93 2.89 -

67.95 58.98 58.56 0.42 4.97 0.54 0.86 0.19 3.38 3.32 -

71.66 62.81 62.10 0.71 5.70 0.63 1.30 0.21 3.57 3.07 -

10.92 17.21 17.45 4.71 6.74 7.31 2.10 5.56 3.34 -

1.66 2.79 2.78 3.92 -1.45 -1.48 -1.56 -1.62 -3.13 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.255

TURKEY 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

2.58 1.16 5.55 -

1.95 0.88 13.43 -

0.68 1.15 16.78 -

0.56 1.68 12.87 -

0.97 2.03 20.91 -

0.68 1.36 20.37 -

0.65 1.34 24.28 -

-2.30 -2.23 7.64 -

-3.85 1.60 1.55 -

2.96 1.33 15.12 -

1.82 1.20 44.41 -

0.74 1.68 60.85 -

0.65 2.41 55.28 -

1.09 2.61 69.70 -

0.76 1.87 71.46 -

0.73 1.86 85.20 -

-3.97 -0.88 9.39 -

-3.17 1.68 1.78 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

0.41 0.41 -

5.62 1.63 3.98 0.01 -

13.02 6.02 6.27 0.00 0.72

16.74 11.10 5.23 0.41

20.93 15.44 5.33 0.16

31.47 24.84 6.10 0.53

33.62 27.11 5.97 0.54

35.59 29.39 5.43 0.77

35.83 28.06 7.04 0.72

0.09 0.09 -

0.03 0.03

0.06 0.06

-

0.01 0.01

0.24 0.13 0.11

0.22 0.05 0.00 0.17

0.25 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.16

0.21 0.06 0.01 0.14

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.256 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

TURKEY 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

475

5572

13001

17360

22083

33979

36216

38251

38329

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

475 70 405 -

3717 1318 51 2011 -

6202 2793 847 100 2150 -

4943 882 1175 187 6 1810 -

5135 1376 865 78 2518 -

5931 2544 504 1777 -

5794 2282 1344 1032 61

5274 1087 486 1835 -

6837 1958 445 2388 -

x x -

337 x x -

x 259 53 -

101 x 574 208 -

x 14 55 90 139

238 242 x 626 -

265 56 x 650 104 -

391 160 x 1162 53 100

32 770 x 1166 78

-

1840 58 -

6788 69 36

12417 24 1 -

16948 89 292 84 35

28048 249 112 235 44

30422 196 184 358

32978 73 76 72

31492 90 307 -

x x -

1252 530 x x -

1440 x 5023 174 46

1517 2456 1448 x 6198 611 11 151

215 2841 1812 x 9844 1340 234 162

11 11017 4976 x 10599 196 27 33 365

15182 2317 x 11779 50 229

16946 2219 x 13228 142 99

18176 1597 x 11172 71

-

15

11

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.257

UNITED KINGDOM1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

120

350

100

300

100% 90% 80%

250

80

70% 60%

200 60

50% 150

40%

40

30%

100

20%

20

50

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

10% 1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

100%

400

90%

350

80% 70% 60%

250

2011

Other transformation Other use

700

100% 90%

600

80% 500

70% 60%

400

50%

50% 200

40%

150

30%

100

20%

50

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

0% 2017

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

300

2006

300

40% 30%

200

20% 100 0 1971

10% 1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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0 1971

III.258 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UNITED KINGDOM 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

108.4 1.6 -2.8 2.0

105.7 6.4 -4.4 -9.4

76.6 14.8 -2.6 1.4

26.7 21.8 -1.1 4.9

15.5 24.2 -1.3 5.8

3.6 9.1 -0.5 4.7

2.6 8.8 -0.5 2.8

2.2 10.0 -0.7 -0.1

-2.0 14.0 -0.6

-11.8 -1.9 -5.7

Primary supply

109.2

98.3

90.2

52.2

44.2

16.8

13.7

11.4

-1.1

-6.8

3.3

0.1

-0.9

0.0

-1.5

-0.2

-0.1

..

Total transformation

-62.1 e

-76.3 e

-72.3 e

-44.3 e

-37.2 e

-12.5 e

-9.7 e

..

0.9

-7.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-65.0 -65.0 -

-74.3 -72.0 -2.3

-68.8 -66.9 -1.9

-41.1 -37.7 -3.3

-34.9 -32.5 -2.4

-10.6 -9.8 -0.8

-7.8 -7.1 -0.7

.. .. ..

0.3 0.2 -

-7.7 -8.0 -3.4

8.4

0.3

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-37.0

-

-5.5 e -2.3 e -3.2 -0.0

-2.4 e -0.9 e -1.4 -0.0

-3.5 e -2.6 e -0.7 -0.2

-1.9 e -1.8 e -0.1 -0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.7 0.9 -8.8 9.7

-2.3 -1.4 -8.2 -8.7

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-3.2 e -3.0 e -0.3 0.1

-2.4 e -2.1 e -0.4 0.1

-1.9 e -1.9 e -0.1 0.0

Other transformation5

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-3.2

-1.9

-1.1

-1.5

-0.9

-0.6

-0.6

..

-6.1

-2.1

Losses Final consumption6

-1.8

-0.0

-0.0

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

-0.2

..

45.3

20.2

15.9

6.2

4.3

3.3

3.0

..

-6.0

-5.9

3.6 1.5 e 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.9

3.0 1.2 e 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.6

2.4 1.0 e 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.5

2.1 0.8 e 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.5

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-4.3 -4.3 6.2 -5.4 -4.5 -5.2

-5.4 -5.8 -9.6 -3.0 -6.2 -5.4

-18.3

-

7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

20.1 9.0 e 0.3 3.5 1.2 6.0

8.5 3.6 e 0.2 2.5 0.1 2.0

9.5 4.3 e 0.9 1.4 0.6 2.4

0.1

0.1

0.0

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

25.2 4.2 20.9 0.1 -

11.6 1.9 9.7 0.0 -

6.3 1.3 5.0 0.0 -

2.3 0.1 2.2 0.0 0.3

1.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.2

0.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1

0.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-7.8 -7.3 -6.6 -12.9 -8.0 -6.7 -8.2 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 174.6 207.9 206.4 122.3 108.7 31.4 23.3 17.6 1.0 -7.8 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.259

UNITED KINGDOM 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 1978 2

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

120.67 83.21 80.64 2.57 1.19 16.76 0.01 6.19 0.11 0.03 3.09 0.32 2.65 12.19 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

105.68 83.21 80.64 2.57 1.19 1.85 0.01 6.19 0.11 0.03 3.09 0.32 2.65 12.19 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

14.99 14.91 -

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

106.72 84.01 82.56 1.46 0.78 10.09 0.62 e 5.40 0.16 e 1.04 1.50 0.63 2.07 e 5.45 -

59.84 46.85 44.76 2.09 0.54 8.23 0.43 e 1.90 0.03 e 0.03 1.24 0.12 0.48 e 1.97 -

51.38 41.98 40.23 1.75 0.23 5.40 0.85 e 2.08 0.19 e 0.08 1.06 0.12 0.63 e 0.76 -

37.60 29.34 29.31 0.03 0.23 3.67 1.37 e 2.25 0.22 e 0.09 1.05 0.14 0.75 e 0.59 -

17.77 12.06 12.04 0.02 0.22 1.82 1.18 e 1.85 0.22 e 0.09 0.81 0.14 0.59 e 0.60 -

14.20 8.72 8.70 0.02 0.21 1.89 1.15 e 1.62 0.19 e 0.07 0.67 0.11 0.59 e 0.57 -

51.02 46.85 44.76 2.09 0.54 1.88 0.00 0.03 1.24 0.12 0.48 1.97 -

45.01 41.98 40.23 1.75 0.23 1.96 0.06 0.08 1.06 0.12 0.63 0.76 -

32.54 29.34 29.31 0.03 0.23 2.07 0.04 0.09 1.05 0.14 0.75 0.59 -

15.00 12.06 12.04 0.02 0.22 1.67 0.04 0.09 0.81 0.14 0.59 0.60 -

11.19 8.72 8.70 0.02 0.21 1.47 0.03 0.07 0.67 0.11 0.59 0.57 -

96.21 84.01 82.56 1.46 0.78 5.25 0.01 1.04 1.50 0.63 2.07 5.45 10.52 10.09 0.62 e 0.15 0.15 e - e -

8.82 8.23 0.43 e 0.03 0.03 e - e -

6.37 5.40 0.85 e 0.12 0.12 e - e -

5.06 3.67 1.37 e 0.18 0.18 e - e -

2.78 1.82 1.18 e 0.19 0.19 e - e -

2017

3.01 1.89 1.15 e 0.15 0.15 e - e -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17 -1.02 0.08 0.20 -4.59 -3.51 -4.15 -1.13 3.38 35.13 -5.84 5.93 -2.04 -6.50 -

-7.20 -8.05 -8.00 -14.69 -4.78 -6.02 2.32 -4.36 0.52 -9.60 -2.96 -6.22 -4.54 -8.00 -

-0.78 0.08 0.20 -4.59 -3.51 -1.36 -16.73 35.13 -5.84 5.93 -2.04 -6.50 -

-7.66 -8.05 -8.00 -14.69 -4.78 -4.61 3.82 -9.60 -2.96 -6.22 -4.54 -8.00 -

-2.91 -3.21 -

-4.53 -6.02 2.32 0.07 0.07 -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.260 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UNITED KINGDOM 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

3

1978

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

14.68 84.26 -

1.60 74.99 -

0.26 26.40 -

0.29 16.95 -

0.28 15.20 -

0.04 2.56 -

0.03 2.17 -

-16.87 -0.97 -

-12.69 -11.76 -

15.11 108.47 -

1.60 91.16 -

0.26 30.94 -

0.27 20.22 -

0.27 18.08 -

0.04 3.00 -

0.03 2.55 -

-17.06 -1.44 -

-12.85 -11.88 -

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

2.18 0.75 1.34 0.08

14.78 5.54 8.84 0.40

21.78 12.94 8.34 0.51

39.66 32.27 6.45 0.93

24.18 17.15 6.91 0.12

21.35 15.30 4.90 1.15

9.07 4.93 2.87 1.27

8.80 5.01 2.78 1.01

9.98 6.47 2.49 1.02

2.75 1.69 0.09 0.97

2.59 2.12 0.05 0.42

1.13 0.66 0.00 0.47

0.71 0.57 0.00 0.14

1.25 0.73 0.00 0.52

0.51 0.39 0.00 0.11

0.47 0.45 0.00 0.02

0.52 0.50 0.00 0.02

0.65 0.64 0.00 0.01

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.261

UNITED KINGDOM 5. Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

2352

14783

23446

43968

26541

22519

8494

8497

9915

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1383 380 207 375 421 -

8614 2966 961 2 794 3791 7

8462 4880 1633 1936 2

6551 3468 1092 1284 -

6635 3437 458 2276 1

4751 910 334 2075 33

2781 778 1044 42

2692 749 36 899 29

2417 630 766 140

x x -

93 x x -

x 11 -

x 707 -

70 x 376 17 -

x 1291 108

x 730 187

64 x 915 -

x 881 -

969 645 53 41 1 73

6169 67 24 2 248 250 1641 1868

14984 1222 1107 837 204

37417 828 17 630 266 396

19906 12 3 31 563 2347 443

17768 34 208 2943 338

5713 49 85 376 262

5805 26 28 1453 254

7498 2 55 3 2712 250

26 106 x x 24

69 956 356 499 x x 169 20

143 5649 9 4756 x 480 208 123 246

130 3369 1682 12911 x 16964 224

17 6247 271 763 x 9209 -

23 6553 267 x 7090 173 130 9

11 2667 98 x 1563 589 13

10 731 50 x 2969 103 141 40

4 626 118 x 3717 10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

III.262 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UNITED KINGDOM 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

2176

2258

656

533

714

384

443

493

626

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

2174 113 125 x 6 950 446 202 53 x x 168 79 3 x 3 26 -

1960 1 67 366 204 271 214 18 246 25 145 178 138 87 -

651 12 77 13 265 1 71 15 158 31 8 -

525 83 1 4 32 1 2 310 3 84 5 -

682 166 1 4 5 5 9 372 5 80 10 25 -

372 49 2 2 21 222 27 5 23 21 -

393 40 2 27 14 7 234 8 46 15 -

453 65 1 11 31 3 210 4 53 7 68 -

501 1 33 17 22 5 224 45 6 64 13 70 1 -

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

2 2 -

289 5 1 1 282 -

4 2 1 1

6 1 1 4

11 1 2 1 2

8 2 4 2

47 3 4 3

37 2 4

107 1 3 37 25

-

-

-

-

5

-

37

31

41

Non-specified/Other

-

9

1

2

21

4

3

3

-

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.263

UNITED STATES1 Figure 1: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 2: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

160

4 000

140

3 500

120

3 000

100

2 500

80

2 000

60

1 500

40

1 000

20

500

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Coal/TPES Coal/GDP

2006

2011

2018p

10%

0 1971

Coal/population

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

Coal Nuclear

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)

2001

2006

0% 2018p

2011

Oil Renewables

Natural gas Coal % (rhs)

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

900

900

100%

800

800

90%

700

700

80%

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

20%

100

100

10%

70% 60% 50%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Production Exports

2006

2011

2018p

0 1971

30%

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

Electricity and heat Industry Elect. and heat % (rhs)

Coal supply Imports

2006

2011

0% 2017

Other transformation Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 5 000

100% 6 000

100%

4 500

90%

90%

4 000

80%

3 500

70%

3 000

60%

60%

2 500

50% 3 000

50%

2 000

40%

40%

1 500

30%

1 000

20%

500

10%

0 1971

1976

1981

1986

Coal N. gas Nuclear Coal % (rhs)

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

0% 2018p

Oil Hydro Non-hydro ren. & waste

5 000

80% 70%

4 000

2 000

30% 20%

1 000

10% 0 1971

1976

1981

Coal Other

1986

1991

1996

2001

Oil Coal % (rhs)

2006

2011

0% 2017

Natural gas

1. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat and oil shale and oil sands are included in coal for all figures. Sources: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD Main Economic Indicators INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0 1971

40%

III.264 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UNITED STATES 1. Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-17 2018p2

1973

1980

1990

2000

2010

2016

2017

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

476.2 1.0 -44.3 11.4

639.9 1.5 -83.0 -21.0

774.7 3.0 -97.1 -23.3

766.9 14.3 -54.7 36.3

759.8 16.3 -68.9 10.8

497.8 7.4 -51.7 34.4

533.1 5.8 -82.2 15.8

525.6 4.5 -98.4 21.1

2.9 6.6 4.7

-1.4 2.5 -0.6

Primary supply

444.4

537.5

657.3

762.8

718.0

488.0

472.5

452.7

2.3

-1.2

18.1

-11.1

9.2

21.2

-4.0

2.2

6.3

..

Total transformation

-348.0 e

-442.6

-585.2 e

-735.5 e

-673.4 e

-463.5 e

-452.9 e

..

3.1

-0.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 3

-309.9 -309.9 -

-417.2 -417.2 -

-565.7 e -559.6 -6.2 e

-716.6 e -699.7 e -16.8 e

-661.1 -654.8 -6.3

-451.4 -448.6 -2.7

-440.7 -438.3 -2.4

.. .. ..

3.6 3.5 -

-0.9 -0.9 -3.4

0.5

c

-2.6 e

-2.7 e

-2.7

-2.8

-2.8

..

-

0.2

-16.8 e -11.4 e -5.4 -

-16.2 e -10.9 e -5.3 e -

-9.6 e -6.0 e -3.6 -

-9.4 e -5.3 e -4.1 -

-9.4 e -5.2 e -4.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.8 -4.7 -5.0 -

-2.1 -2.8 -1.0 -

Statistical differences

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation4 BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-38.7 e -25.8 e -12.9 -

-25.3 e -16.2 e -9.1 -

Other transformation5

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.6

-3.6

-1.8

Losses Final consumption6 7

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 8 Transport9 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 10 Non-energy use

-2.0 e

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.2

-1.6

-1.6

..

-8.9

-0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

105.8

80.2

79.5

46.5

38.4

25.0

24.3

..

-1.7

-4.3

68.9 29.6 e 11.2 10.0 7.1 11.1

65.7 18.1 e 12.5 e 11.1 10.4 13.7 e

43.4 11.3 e 9.6 e 11.4 3.7 7.5 e

36.2 7.0 e 6.1 7.3 5.8 10.0

24.2 5.3 e 3.7 6.5 2.4 6.3

23.6 5.4 e 2.7 7.0 1.9 6.7

.. .. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -5.6 0.3 4.5 2.5 0.0

-3.7 -4.4 -5.6 -1.7 -6.1 -2.6

86.1 48.4 e 11.9 5.2 6.8 13.7 -

-

-

19.8 4.9 4.5 10.3 -

11.3 2.6 2.2 6.5 -

13.8 3.4 2.1 8.2 -

3.2 1.3 e 1.9 e -

-

-

-

..

-

-

2.2 2.2 -

0.8 0.8 -

0.7 0.7 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.1 -2.0 -4.4 -1.4 -

-10.6 -5.9 -

5. 6. 7. 8.

Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). Please refer to the expanatory notes and definitions in Part I for a more detailed explanation. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 9. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 10. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Electricity gen. - TWh 907.4 1242.9 1699.6 2129.5 1994.2 1354.0 1321.4 1254.5 3.8 -0.9 1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases), as well as peat, peat products, and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Provisional data cover primary "coal" products only. Net trade of secondary products will influence TPES for all other years. 3. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 4. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances .

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.265

UNITED STATES 2a. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 1978 2

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

Total coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

584.39 436.57 436.57 64.77 46.82 3.66 10.08 11.51 7.54 14.02 19.04 -

815.95 709.04 e 701.67 7.37 e 35.27 0.17 e 5.64 e 53.42 1.71 e 14.49 e 11.97 11.28 13.98 e 15.45 -

966.39 905.54 e 888.82 e 16.72 e 25.96 e 2.39 e 5.67 37.30 1.46 e 10.75 e 12.23 4.07 8.79 e 3.73 -

949.70 892.21 884.55 7.66 19.13 1.28 e 5.57 32.72 0.68 e 7.09 8.00 6.50 10.45 e 2.51 -

718.79 672.72 668.95 3.78 17.88 0.71 e 5.55 25.04 0.16 e 5.37 8.78 3.64 7.09 e 1.22 -

657.70 618.42 615.57 2.84 14.96 1.07 e 5.41 22.35 0.39 e 4.66 7.40 2.84 7.06 e 0.97 -

641.84 606.90 604.29 2.61 15.91 0.99 e 5.42 21.20 0.39 e 3.27 7.80 2.20 7.54 e 0.88 -

2.82 4.12 4.03 -4.94 1.11 -6.17 3.07 0.33 3.41 -0.02 -1.73 -

-0.88 -0.57 -0.55 -3.77 -2.91 6.65 -0.14 -3.36 -5.35 -5.36 -1.57 -5.87 -2.26 -10.08 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

484.73 408.08 408.08 44.63 3.66 10.08 11.51 7.54 11.83 18.95 -

701.66 637.00 630.72 6.27 0.17 e 52.18 1.71 e 14.26 e 11.97 11.28 12.98 e 15.34 -

866.16 835.53 e 820.06 e 15.48 e 2.39 e 35.88 1.46 e 10.51 e 12.23 4.07 7.62 e 3.68 -

862.25 830.29 825.21 5.08 1.28 e 32.42 0.68 e 6.84 8.00 6.50 10.41 e 2.51 -

633.17 612.36 608.59 3.77 0.71 e 24.60 0.16 e 4.97 8.78 3.64 7.05 e 1.22 -

576.10 559.61 556.77 2.84 1.07 e 21.90 0.39 e 4.25 7.40 2.84 7.02 e 0.97 -

561.51 551.85 549.24 2.61 0.99 e 20.75 0.39 e 2.87 7.80 2.20 7.49 e 0.88 -

3.13 3.78 3.70 1.31 -6.17 2.93 0.32 3.41 0.77 -1.75 -

-0.82 -0.53 -0.51 -3.20 6.65 -3.36 -5.35 -5.77 -1.57 -5.87 -2.01 -10.06 -

Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction3 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors4 Non-energy use

68.89 64.77 -

19.15 19.13 -

17.71 17.88 -

14.38 14.96 -

15.96 15.91 -

-5.43 -4.94 -

-2.89 -2.91 -

35.27 35.27 -

25.96 25.96 e -

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Total coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite. 3. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 4. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(million tonnes)

III.266 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UNITED STATES 2b. Use of coal for selected end-uses1 Average annual percent change 78-90 90-17

1978

1990

2000

2010

2015

2016

2017

Lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

30.77 28.49 28.49 2.19 2.19 0.09 -

79.02 72.04 e 70.94 1.10 e 5.64 e 1.24 0.23 e 0.00 1.01 e 0.11 -

74.27 70.01 e 68.76 1.25 e 5.67 1.42 0.24 e 0.00 1.18 e 0.05 -

68.30 61.92 59.34 2.57 5.57 0.30 0.26 0.04 -

67.92 60.36 60.36 0.01 5.55 0.44 0.40 0.04 -

67.22 58.81 58.81 0.00 5.41 0.45 0.40 0.05 -

64.38 55.05 55.05 0.00 5.42 0.45 0.40 0.05 -

8.18 8.04 7.90 -4.61 -6.27 1.52 -

-0.76 -0.99 -0.94 -20.83 -0.14 -3.66 2.03 -10.52 -

Peat Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oil shale and oil sands Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens/Liquefaction2 Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Other sectors3 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Coal totals may not match the sum of the individual rows due to statistical differences. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Liquefaction primarily refers to direct distillation processes. Liquefaction from syngas may be reported here or as gas manufacture. 3. Other sectors are Residential, Commercial and public services, Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing, and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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(million tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.267

UNITED STATES 3. Solid fossil-fuel production by type1,2 Average annual percent change 3

1990

2000

2005

2010

2017

2018p

78-90

90-17

93.39 417.76 15.55 -

96.20 641.20 37.33 -

56.00 674.42 36.51 -

45.21 726.85 35.48 -

65.91 660.22 33.64 -

64.22 438.58 30.32 -

70.58 430.36 24.66 -

0.25 3.63 7.57 -

-1.49 -1.40 -0.77 -

92.20 484.60 31.16 -

93.26 760.39 79.91 -

54.29 839.69 77.62 -

46.44 916.00 76.15 -

68.65 856.49 70.97 -

65.47 573.64 63.61 -

71.95 561.71 51.74 -

0.10 3.83 8.16 -

-1.30 -1.04 -0.84 -

1978 Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Lignite Peat Oil shale and oil sands

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Solid fossil-fuels exclude oil products such as petroleum coke and parrafin wax. 3. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

4. Coal and peat trade by type of coal1 (Mtce)

Total imports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

Total exports Bituminous coal3 Coking coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite Peat Coal products4

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

7.23 2.37 4.87

3.03 2.34 0.68

14.31 9.27 1.60 0.03 0.04 3.38

28.00 21.96 1.54 1.28 0.06 3.15

16.34 12.93 1.33 0.94 0.06 1.08

8.64 5.53 1.50 1.44 0.05 0.13

7.44 4.99 0.84 1.37 0.04 0.20

5.82 4.16 0.63 0.94 0.04 0.05

4.48 2.71 0.60 1.04 0.03 0.10

37.11 8.69 27.79 0.04 0.59

97.12 37.19 59.39 0.03 0.51

54.74 22.24 30.72 0.73 0.03 1.02

42.09 11.57 24.46 4.39 0.10 1.56

68.91 15.23 47.88 4.40 0.10 1.31

62.81 19.16 39.29 3.58 0.01 0.77

51.72 13.95 34.95 1.92 0.01 0.89

82.22 28.56 47.19 5.38 0.01 1.08

98.45 40.09 52.53 4.78 0.01 1.03

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Bituminous coal includes anthracite. 4. Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels and also peat products.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances, IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.268 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UNITED STATES 5. Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

2679

2449

11351

27634

17556

10267

8934

7054

5403

-

-

1547 1511 -

1603 144 1458 -

1385 1385 -

1557 868 -

869 705 -

653 652 1 -

623 618 1 -

x x -

x x -

x 36 -

x 1

x -

689 x -

164 x -

x -

4 x -

2679 933 49 645 -

2449 22 883 5 -

9724 152 155 6

25903 66 244 70 1 86

16036 345 86 3 1

8611 55 112 -

7978 111 188 -

6315 1 72 10

4712 16 1 1

996 x x 56

1296 x x 238 5

18 6928 651 x 1813 1

18 19247 2239 70 x 357 32 3387 85 1

47 13230 1728 x 38 528 30

14 7418 808 46 x 53 67 38

5 6994 557 26 x 60 32 5

4 5522 635 34 x 31 -

24 3680 830 43 x 72 25 -

-

-

80

128

135

99

87

86

68

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal consists of steam coal (anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal), coking coal and lignite. 4. For years prior to 1990. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.269

UNITED STATES 6. Coking coal exports by destination

1

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

27433

57568

29780

26001

50906

41736

37131

50127

55804

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

23813 956 5410 x 1468 560 2905 8991 505 x x 929 68 265 x 688 299 409 360 -

47721 5532 3988 68 50 86 4501 636 28 50 6377 10019 2908 3 3606 99 234 3156 764 1906 3710 -

22752 2343 3501 288 2197 419 65 48 56 3297 852 1096 355 1735 42 198 1993 642 1584 2041 -

19577 239 1470 4034 260 1116 473 57 2203 1652 727 588 1548 18 163 1685 464 1642 1238 -

31740 412 1689 3091 262 1792 1478 40 59 2388 2696 2715 96 77 700 4929 75 2149 201 223 1393 401 37 2076 2761 -

27086 378 1066 3886 60 352 1126 1600 41 1840 3201 2651 406 4053 49 513 210 198 1135 585 1780 1956 -

23479 381 1031 3425 341 1039 1504 18 1418 3568 2858 456 3743 58 219 85 1040 262 1177 856 -

28814 43 517 1135 3761 16 379 1293 2207 83 2025 4513 3250 785 3081 63 755 77 470 105 779 658 1898 921 -

31141 951 958 4235 469 1154 1257 1823 5434 2622 57 621 5622 59 1015 75 50 115 687 489 2312 1136 -

3620 1342 205 218 673 1 914 24

9847 5219 357 586 1559 485 580 21

6642 4093 116 682 22 443 269 184 -

6424 3113 280 1078 547 377 207 -

19097 7125 3808 227 1042 2299 812 161 321 -

14319 5577 207 148 3587 229 129 412 -

13461 6187 653 2583 179 647 126 -

21081 6640 2636 660 3561 192 1077 520 119

24355 7629 2035 540 5131 276 1867 624 -

243

1040

833

822

3302

4030

3086

5676

6253

-

-

386

-

69

-

-

-

-

Total non-OECD Brazil 3 China Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

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(thousand tonnes)

III.270 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UNITED STATES 7. Steam coal exports by destination1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World

9837

38344

23226

19094

23023

25331

17525

37807

49066

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

9370 8782 x 38 36 22 160 300 x x 27 x 5 -

33473 1 2178 10083 274 2842 1740 320 15 1322 530 4451 2074 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 987 -

22026 278 13524 48 70 564 467 456 65 3181 508 373 643 74 343 441 55 936 -

16990 411 13625 76 66 28 133 23 236 580 341 829 143 71 67 361 -

19962 105 367 7245 1053 73 166 1080 935 47 612 175 2523 33 983 1700 65 531 182 373 275 220 1219 -

22390 1 19 1518 720 41 82 2045 1272 1023 2912 3005 7657 15 126 16 83 1855 -

13783 2 107 1121 179 55 54 176 1674 315 565 1198 2352 5473 8 223 172 109 -

25405 1 2 1033 574 108 681 2238 62 1 825 2444 5323 2602 5422 8 476 663 11 811 137 428 1555 -

30511 1 35 953 788 58 13 393 1980 78 1268 3992 5834 4291 5593 4 642 452 1 970 31 466 2668 -

95 11 1 82 1

4869 79 108 3820 682 128 5

923 22 9 825 1 -

1946 693 1 217 844 63 13 -

3061 63 1445 146 171 1044 115 77

2686 173 1 2208 17 110 175 1

3400 108 249 1 2431 294 197 90

10836 219 300 490 1108 6839 1579 179

17092 167 333 1 2934 10461 37 2102 133 635

-

47

66

115

-

1

30

122

289

372

2

277

158

-

-

-

-

-

Total non-OECD Brazil China3 Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Oth. non-OECD Americas Other Asia & Oceania Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-specified/Other

1. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Steam coal includes all sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. China comprises the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.271

COUNTRY NOTES In some cases, data submitted by Member countries to the Secretariat do not conform to the standard reporting methodology or have other particular characteristics. Information set out below will assist readers to interpret data for particular countries and aid in the comparison of data among countries. The notes given below refer to the years 1960 to the provisional 2018 data cover the summary tables at the back of the book, as well as the information on CDROM and the on-line data service. In general, more detailed notes are available for data since 1990. Data for anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite are available separately from 1978. Prior to 1978, only data for hard coal (anthracite + coking coal + other bituminous coal) and brown coal (lignite + sub-bituminous coal) are available. In prior editions to Coal Information 2014, sub-bituminous coal was included under hard coal for the following countries, namely; Australia, Belgium, Chile, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United States. While this is no longer the case since 1978, data earlier than this were aggregated into either hard coal or brown coal, and unless specified, there has been no attempt to reclassify portions of data from hard coal to brown coal in this period. In 1996, the IEA Secretariat extensively revised data on coal and coke use in blast furnaces, and in the iron and steel industry (for those countries with blast furnaces), based on data provided to the OECD Steel Committee and other sources. Where necessary, the quantities of fuels transformed into blast furnace gas have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat based on its blast furnace model.

Australia Source Department of Environment and Energy, Canberra.

General notes • All data refer to the fiscal year (e.g. July 2016 to June 2017 for 2017). • In the 2013 edition and following, data for Australia were revised back to 2003 due to the adoption of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) as the main energy consumption data source for the Australian Energy Statistics. As a result, there are breaks in the time series for many data between 2002 and 2003. The revisions have also introduced some methodological issues, including identifying inputs and outputs to certain transformation processes such as gas works plants, electricity plants and CHP plants. Energy industry own use and inputs to the transformation processes are sometimes not reported separately in the correct categories. • In the 2019 edition, the decrease of lignite production and consumption was due to the closure of brown coal fired Hazelwood power plant in early 2017, contributing to a higher consumption of other bituminous coal. • In the 2017 edition, the Australian administration revised data on coal tar back to 2010 resulting in breaks in time series between 2009 and 2010. • In the 2016 edition, extensive revisions were made to 2010 to 2013 data for many primary and manufactured products causing breaks in production, trade and consumption between 2009 and 2010. Series which begin in 2010 may be reported in other flows until 2009. 2014 data were reported on the same basis as 2010 to 2013. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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GENERAL NOTES

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Supply • In 2018, a substantial stock draw of coking coal followed a 2017 stock build caused by meteorological phenomena. • The decrease of lignite production and consumption in 2017 and 2018p was due to the closure of brown coal fired Hazelwood power plant in early 2017, contributing to a higher consumption of other bituminous coal. • Only anthracite exports are reported separately; the remainder that is consumed domestically is included with other bituminous coal. Since 2018 anthracite exports and consequently production are unavailable. • Export trade in coke oven coke between 2005 and 2011 exists, but data are unavailable for reasons of confidentiality. From 2012 onward exports are estimated by the Australian administration but without providing information on the destination country.

Transformation • In 2015 a new plant within the mining sector started its operations increasing the consumption of coke oven coke. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

• The one company producing BKB closed its operation during 2015. As such, production and consumption declined significantly. • For 2003 to 2012, Coke oven gas reported as energy industry own-use in electricity or CHP plants is used for generation purposes, while natural gas used for own-use plant support is reported in the transformation sector. • Natural gas consumed to fuel the distribution of natural gas in natural gas networks is reported as transformation for gas works gas production until 2005. • The drop in BKB production in 2004 was due to a fire in the main production plant.

Consumption • In the 2016 edition, revisions for 2010 onwards have increased the quantities of sub-bituminous coal and decreased the quantities of other bituminous coal being used in the non-metallic minerals industry as more accurate information has become available. • Consumption in wood and wood products is included in paper, pulp and print from 2001 onwards.

Austria Source Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich, Vienna.

General notes • Starting with the 2016 edition and following, widespread data revisions were received due to enhanced reporting from 2005 onwards as a consequence of improved Austrian Final Energy Consumption surveys. For some time series, these revisions were extrapolated back to 1990. As a consequence, there may be breaks between 2004 and 2005, and 1989 and 1990. • In the 2019 edition, revisions concerning the iron and steel industry were received for data since 2005. The revisions impacted the energy sector for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. • In 2018 provisional data, blast furnace gas decreased following maintenance work in one of the blast furnaces. Additionally, other recovered gases (LD-gas) are now reported separately following an improvement in reporting. Historical revisions are pending.

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• In the 2015 edition, increases of production and consumption of other bituminous coal for 2013 are due to both new mine capacity and improved classification data. In the 2016 edition, these revisions were extended back to 2010. Apparent switching between sub-bituminous coal and other bituminous coal between 2009 and 2010 suggests that some other bituminous coal was reported as subbituminous coal prior to this, across several flows. • In the 2013 edition, production data for all manufactured gases were revised downwards as part of the new national methodology, leading to significant statistical differences. • Reclassification of some coal types in the 2013 edition were calculated on an energy basis and resulted in a net increase of quantities of primary coal from 2003 to 2011. • Breaks in the time series for gas works gas between 2008 and 2009 are due to a change of survey, while reduced production and consumption between 2006 and 2008 are due to the removal of some natural gas inputs. • Data on blast furnace gas for electricity production by autoproducers begins in 1986. • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

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Belgium Source Observatoire de l'Energie, Brussels.

General notes • In the 2019 edition, provisional 2018 data include sub-bituminous coal, previously included in bituminous. Historical revisions are pending. • In the 2016 Edition, improved data collection has led to some breaks in time series. These revisions include hard coal classifications, products and processes in integrated iron and steel manufacture and may be extended further back in future editions. • Data for anthracite prior to 2014 may include a small portion of other bituminous coal. • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal. • Other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal data reported in from other sources refer to coal recuperated from coal dumps.

Supply • Supply-side data are obtained through surveying questionnaires instead of customs data. • In the 2019 edition, the calorific values of imported bituminous coal were revised upwards by the Belgian administration since 2015, resulting in a significant increase in the coal primary energy supply. Historical revisions are pending.

• 2018 provisional data include “Oil shale & Oil sands” production from other sources to capture previously unknown quantities of low-grade coal products (“tailings”). Historical revisions are pending. • Conventional production of other bituminous coal ceased on 31 August 1992.

Transformation • In the 2019 edition, anthracite previously reported as consumption in the iron and steel industry was reclassified as part of the transformation process in blast furnaces since 2013. • In 2016, the decrease of other bituminous coal inputs to main activity producer electricity plants was due to the permanent closure of Langerlo, Belgium’s last coal-fired main activity electricity. • In 2015, the decrease of coke oven gas inputs to autoproducer CHP plants is due to a power plant closure in 2015. • In 2014 and 2015, coking coal inputs to coke ovens decreased due to a coke oven closure in June 2014. • In 2014, the decrease of other bituminous coal inputs to main activity producer electricity plants is due to a power plant closure in 2014.

Consumption • In the 2018 edition, industrial consumption for the period 2013 through 2015 was revised for coking coal and anthracite, as more accurate consumption data became available. Data for coking coal prior to 2013 may include a small portion of anthracite. • The decrease of other bituminous coal and coke oven coke in the iron and steel industry in 2002 is due to the closure of several plants. • The use of coke oven gas in chemical and petrochemical activities ceased in 1996.

Canada Source Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa.

General notes • In the 2018 edition, data for Canada were revised back to 2005 following a ten year revision of the Report on Energy Supply and Demand (RESD), the main set of Canadian annual data. The revision standardizes the methodology used for the IEA data INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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• In the 2016 edition, revisions concerning the iron and steel industry were received for data since 1990. The following flows were impacted by these revisions: inputs to blast furnaces, the breakdown between transformation and own-use energy support, and calorific values. • The last lignite mine closed in the second quarter of 2004 and lignite use for power generation ceased in 2006. • Since 1996, gas works gas data are reported with natural gas because it is distributed in the same network. The amount of gas works gas is negligible and it is mostly consumed by households. • “Trockenkohle” is included with BKB because of its high calorific value. • LD gas, which should normally be reported as other recovered gases, is reported with blast furnace gas.

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• In the 2014 and 2015 editions, some revisions to the 2004 to 2006 data were received in addition to some time series and products for 2007 to 2011. The Canadian administration is planning to further refine its reporting. • From the 2014 edition, the Canadian administration revised time series back to 2005, using additional data from the Annual Industrial Consumption of Energy, the Annual Survey of Secondary Distributors, the Report on Energy Supply and Demand and the Natural Resources Canada Office of Energy Efficiency. Breaks in time series also between appear 1989 and 1990, due to changes in methodology, incorporated in 2002. • Due to a Canadian confidentiality law, it is not possible for the Canadian administration to submit disaggregated series for all of the coal types. Between 2002 and 2006, the IEA Secretariat has estimated some of the missing series. The data for 2007 onwards are given directly as reported, however data may be present in non-representative products, and additionally these ad hoc reclassification methodologies contribute significantly to larger than normal statistical differences across products. • At this point in time, oil shale and oil sands data are not submitted, and this energy source is deemed to enter the supply stream as shale oil (other hydrocarbons).

Supply • Due to confidentiality constraints, from 2014 the breakdown of production by type of coal is estimated by the Canadian administration, while stock changes and statistical differences are estimated since 2001.

Transformation • In December 2018, Canada announced regulations to phase out traditional coal-fired electricity by 2030. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

• Injection of pulverised coal into blast furnaces (PCI) occurs, but is not available for confidentiality reasons. Coals consumed in this manner are reported in the iron and steel industry along with other consumption. • Before 1978, lignite inputs to main activity producer heat plants are included in final consumption. Starting in 1979, these inputs are included in main activity producer electricity plants.

Consumption • Since 2001 consumption of anthracite in nonenergy use is estimated by the Canadian administration. Statistical differences include consumption in iron and steel. • Due to the unavailability of data, non-energy use of coke oven coke and hard coal is included with final consumption sectors prior to 1978 and 1980, respectively.

Chile Source Energía Abierta, Comisión Nacional de Energía, Ministerio de Energía, Santiago.

General notes • Data are available starting in 1971. • Other bituminous coal data includes subbituminous coal for all years, if present. • In the 2017 edition, data for 2014 and 2015 were revised to replace figures previously estimated by the Secretariat. • From 1990, consumption in paper and pulp includes forestry and consumption in agriculture is included in non-specified industry. In general, a new methodology has been applied for data since 1990, leading to other breaks in series between 1989 and 1990.

Czech Republic Source Czech Statistical Office, Prague.

General notes • Data are available starting in 1971.

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submission and has mainly affected the demand side. Additional details are given under each fuel. • Due to the extensive revisions of the Report on Energy Supply and Demand (RESD), significant statistical differences can be observed for several coal products for the period 2005-2015. This issue is under investigation and further improvements are expected in future editions. • In the 2016 and 2017 edition, extensive revisions for the period 2005 to 2015 were received as more data became available due to improvements in data collection.

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• In the 2018 edition, data for the Czech Republic were revised back to 2010 based on administrative data causing breaks in time series between 2009 and 2010. These revisions impacted mainly industrial consumption for lignite, BKB and other recovered gases. • In the 2017 edition, coal consumption in the residential sector has been revised back to 2010 due to a new survey in households made by Czech Statistical Office, creating breaks in time series between 2009 and 2010. • Increased production and consumption of other recovered gases in 2014 is due to improved tracking of by-products from various transformation processes. Tail gases from the production of carbon black from coal tar are reported here, as are off gases from the manufacture and cleaning of syngas from lignite for an IGCC plant. • Coal which had been previously classified as subbituminous coal until the 2008 edition is now reported under lignite for all years. • Revisions by the Czech administration have resulted in some breaks in series between 2001 and 2002. • Data for 1990 to 1995 were estimated based on the Czech publication Energy Economy Year Book. • In 1995, town gas production (included in gas works gas) ceased. • Since 2010 BKB includes multipurpose brown coal dust for both supply and consumption.

Supply • Other recovered gases are combustible gases obtained during the production of gas works gas and as a result of chemical processes. • Production from other sources of other bituminous coal is from coal slurries, and these data are not available for 2018p. • A portion of other bituminous coal reported under from other sources for the period 2010-2015 correspond to reclassified coking coal. • Statistical differences for coking coal for the period 2010-2015 are partly due to the reclassification of coking coal to other bituminous coal.

Consumption • In the 2019 edition, coke oven gas in energy ownuse consumed by electricity, CHP and heat plants was revised for 2016 resulting in a break in the series.

• In the 2015 edition, improved reporting enabled revisions to be made for some primary coal consumption flows between 2010 and 2012. • In the 2014 edition, residential consumption for the period 1990 through 2011 was revised for other bituminous coal, lignite, coke oven coke and BKB, as more accurate consumption data became available. • Due to economic restructuring in consumption in the late 1990s (big state enterprises subdividing and/or privatising and the utilisation of new technologies by businesses), there may be breaks in time series in these sectors.

Denmark Source Danish Energy Agency, Copenhagen.

General note • In the 2004 edition, major revisions were made by the Danish administration for the 1990 to 2001 data, which may cause breaks in time series between 1989 and 1990.

Supply • A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 was related to a drought in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that was consumed in the country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region. Significant fluctuations in demand are also evident for other years for similar reasons, including 2006 and 2013, but exist to a lesser extent. • Declines in stocks of steam coal stem from extensive deployment of renewable generation technologies and policy to further reduce Denmark’s utilisation of coal-fired power and implement co-firing with renewable fuels as a part of their Energy Strategy 2050.

Estonia Source Statistics Estonia, Tallinn.

General notes • Fuels reported as coke oven coke and gas works gas are the solid and gaseous by-products of oil INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

• Other bituminous coal data includes subbituminous coal for all years, if present.

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• In the 2013 edition, data for oil shale production for the period 1991 to 1997 were revised to match Estonian GHG National Inventory values. Consumption data remained unchanged.

country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region. • The increase of other bituminous coal inputs into main activity producer electricity plants from 1993 to 1994 was due to coal replacing imported electricity and hydro power. • Production of gas works gas ceased in April 1994.

• Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union in World Energy Statistics.

• Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

Supply

• In 2017, the consumption of coal in main activity producer electricity plants decreased considerably following the move of a large plant to the national capacity reserve. • In the 2017 edition, fuel inputs and heat production from peat main activity heat plants have been revised from 2000 as a result of new data access for smaller peat heat plant units.

• Indigenous production of peat products stopped in 2017.

Finland Source Statistics Finland, Helsinki.

General notes • Coal tar used for non-energy purposes or exported is not reported in either production or consumption. • In the 2015 edition, revisions were received for some consumption flows of other bituminous coal and coke oven coke, while other recovered gases (from ferrochromium manufacture) were reported separately for the first time, with revisions back to 2000. Prior to 2000, off-gases from ferrochromium manufacture are included in blast furnace gas, and inputs of coke oven coke for ferrochromium manufacture in inputs to blast furnaces instead of non-specified transformation. • In 2014, a new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in the time series between 1999 and 2000 for most products and sectors. The new survey system is more detailed and has better product coverage, especially in electricity, CHP and heat production, as well as in industry.

Transformation

• The significant increases and decreases of other bituminous coal inputs into main activity producer electricity plants from year to year are due to coal replacing imported electricity and hydro power. • Likewise, peat production is highly dependent upon favourable weather conditions and the pricing of other fuels. The decrease in peat and other bituminous coal usage in main activity electricity plants in 2008 was due to record electricity generation from hydro plants. A similar circumstance occurred in 2012. • The first coking plant started operation in 1987, hence imports of coking coal and production of coke oven coke and coke oven gas started in that year.

France Source Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire, Paris.

• Prior to 2008, peat products are included with peat data.

General notes

• A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a drought in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the

• From 2011 data onwards, France includes Monaco, and the following overseas departments (Guadeloupe; French Guiana; Martinique; Mayotte; and Réunion); and excludes the overseas

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shale liquefaction. Inputs of oil shale to “gas works”, “coke ovens” and for coal liquefaction plants, while reported separately, combined, are the inputs for retorting in liquefaction plants.

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•

•

• • •

• •

Transformation • In 2017 the use of other bituminous coal into transformation for electricity increased by more than 20% to compensate lower generation from nuclear and hydro plants. • In 2016 the company that consumed blast furnace gas for electricity and heat generation ceased its activity.

Consumption • In the 2018 edition, the split of energy consumption between the residential sector and the commerce and public services sector has been revised

back to 1990 by the French Administration for other bituminous coal, lignite, coke oven coke, BKB and patent fuel. • Blast furnace gas and coke oven gas used for energy purposes in blast furnaces are no longer reported under the iron and steel industry. As of the 2018 edition these quantities are reported under the energy sector. • Final consumption in industry is estimated by the secretariat from 1986 to 2001 for some products.

Germany Source Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, Berlin.

General notes • Data start in 1960. German data include the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards. • Comprehensive official data are only collected for the aggregate of hard coal. Due to the unavailability of detailed data, the split into anthracite, coking coal and other bituminous coal is partly estimated by the National administration. • In the 2018 edition, more detailed information on the breakdown of other bituminous coal and coking coal imports became available for 2017p. Prior to 2017, the large amount of coking coal imports allocated to Other OECD corresponds to Netherlands and therefore may not constitute the country of origin. For more details please refer to the country note of Netherlands. • In the 2014 edition, significant revisions were submitted for all primary coal types, derived products and manufactured gases for the period 2003 to 2011 as previous estimations were updated with more accurate information. Revisions primarily affected consumption, including industry and other sectors; but also supply, statistical differences and weighted calorific values. • Between 1998 and 2005, breaks in series may occur for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. • Between 1990 and 1992, breaks in series may occur due to earlier reclassification of several sectors by the German administration; this particularly affects BKB, lignite and coke oven coke. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

•

collectivities (New Caledonia; French Polynesia; Saint Barthélemy; Saint Martin; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; and Wallis and Futuna). In the 2018 edition, data for France were revised back to 2011 following changes in methodology and procedures used by the energy statistics subdepartment (SDSE) within the Ministry for the ecological and inclusive transition. As a result, the revisions, to bring the reporting more in line with the international standards, impacted all fuels. Additional details are given under each fuel. In 2018 edition, the calorific value of coking coal has been revised in agreement with Eurostat and the IEA. The revision was made for the period 1990 to 2016. In the 2017 edition, the French administration undertook comprehensive revisions on sectoral coal consumption back to 2011. Starting this edition, new information became available for anthracite, BKB and other recovered gases. Breaks in time series for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas consumption between 2010 and 2011 are due to a change in the methodology, impacting significantly consumption in the iron and steel sector. From 2012, the energy consumption is more detailed due to a more precise national survey. Prior to 2011, other manufactured gases (oxygen steel furnace gas) are included in blast furnace gas. For 1989 to 1998, the IEA Secretariat has estimated industry consumption based on Consommations d’Energie dans l‘Industrie, SESSI. Prior to 1985, consumption of colliery gas is included with the use of coke oven gas by autoproducers. Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

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• Hard coal mining in Germany ceased in 2018 with the last two hard coal mines being closed on 21 December 2018 due to profitability reasons.

unit of the pulp, paper and print sector and was since reclassified as an autoproducer. • Autoproducer heat and power plants using coke oven gas and blast furnace gas were reclassified in 1998 as main activity power plants.

Transformation • Breaks in time series between 2014 and 2015 for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas are due to a reclassification of main activity producers and autoproducers. • In 1997, BKB inputs to gas works plants stopped.

Consumption • Consumption of non-renewable municipal waste and other solid biofuels as a reductant occurs in German blast furnaces, but is not currently quantified. Likewise, coal tar is a by-product of coke ovens, but not currently reported.

Greece Source Ministry for Environment and Energy, Athens.

Hungary Source Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority, Budapest.

General notes • Data are available starting in 1965. • From 1992, the production of sub-bituminous coal has been included with lignite due to the low quality of the coal. For 1990 to 1999, the use of this domestic coal in main activity producer electricity and CHP plants has also been reclassified to lignite. Since 2017, imports, transformation and consumption of sub-bituminous coal was reclassified as lignite by the Hungarian administration to align with foreign trade statistics.

Transformation • In 2017, a main activity CHP plant using other bituminous coal was merged with an industrial INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Iceland Source National Energy Authority, Reyjkavik

General notes • The industrial classifications used by the Icelandic administration were changed in 1987. • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal • Prior to 1970, final consumption includes inputs and outputs to heat production.

Consumption •

Final consumption increased in 2000 as a new iron and steel plant came on-line.

Ireland Sources • Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, Dublin. • Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, Cork.

General notes • Due to confidentiality reasons, inputs of anthracite, other bituminous coal and peat briquettes for patent fuel transformation are reported with residential consumption, while production and consumption of patent fuel is not reported. • Prior to 1990, any imports of BKB, were included with imports of peat products, as is the case for consumption.

Supply • The country of origin for imports of other bituminous coal is known for 2018p, but unavailable for reasons of confidentiality. • Rainfall in 2012 led to the lowest peat harvest since IEA records began in 1960, requiring large stock drawdown and increased use of biofuels for

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Supply

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• Production data for peat products (briquettes) are available from 1975.

Transformation • A reclassification caused a break in the series for peat consumption in the energy industry own use in BKB/peat product plants from 1989 to 1990. • The production of gas works gas ceased in 1987 due to fuel switching to natural gas. • Other bituminous coal inputs to main activity producer electricity plants increased from 1986 due to three new generating units at Moneypoint coming on-line.

Israel

scope of reporting. As such, coke oven gas data in prior years should be viewed as under-representing production and consumption, and coke oven efficiencies will likewise appear lower than actual. • A change in methodology lead to breaks in series for industry and transformation between 2003 and 2004. • Due to a change in the survey system, breaks in series may occur between 1997 and 1998 for final consumption. • From 1986 onwards, figures from lignite are given using the same methodology as in the Bilancio Energetico Nazionale.

Supply • In the 2018 edition, production of coke oven coke, coke oven gas, coal tar and other recovered gases was revised back to 2014 due to new available information. The revisions increased efficiencies of coke ovens and blast furnaces and led to breaks between 2013 and 2014. • Other bituminous coal production ceased in 2016 due to the closure of the one coal mine in 2015.

Source

Transformation

Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem.

• Breaks in the time series between 2014 and 2015 for coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases are due to a reclassification of main activity producers and autoproducers. • Prior to 2009, sub-bituminous coal used in main activity electricity plants was included with other bituminous coal. • For data since 2001, calorific values for imports of other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal are derived from inputs to main activity electricity generation.

General notes • Due to confidentiality constraints, imports of other bituminous coal have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat in 2018p. • Data are available starting in 1971. • The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD and/or the IEA is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Italy Sources • Ministry of Economic Development, Rome. • Terna, Rome.

General notes • The increase in production of coke oven gas in 2012 was the consequence of improvements in

Consumption • In 1991, all industrial activities were reclassified on the basis of ISTAT/NACE 91. This has implied some transfers of activities which may result in some anomalies between 1991 and earlier years.

Japan Source The Institute of Energy Economics Japan, Tokyo. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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electricity generation. In 2013, production targets were met before the end of the year however production continued in order to further build stocks to alleviate the potential impacts of future weather events. • Low production of peat in 1985 was due to a poor “harvest” due to an unusually wet summer.

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• From 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis (e.g. April 2015 to March 2016 for 2015). • Other bituminous coal includes sub-bituminous coal. • The net calorific values for coal and coal products have been recalculated by the IEA Secretariat based upon gross values submitted by Japan. • In the 2019 edition, imports of other bituminous coal and coking coal - by partner country - have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat for data from 1990 to 2018, based on customs data and total imports by coal type. • In the 2019 edition, Japan revised their data back to 1990 based on new methodology in all questionnaires. • Consumption data for commercial/public services may include consumption in small and mediumsize industries. The Japanese administration expects that this shortcoming will be corrected in the near future. • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

Supply • Statistical differences for hard coal include stock changes since 2001. Large positive differences for several years since 2004 are partly due to stock build by final consumers.

Transformation • The inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces as well as the final consumption of coke oven coke in the iron and steel industry have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat since 1990. • From 1998, inputs of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases into autoproducer electricity plants include the amount used to produce electricity with TRT technology (Top pressure Recovery Turbines) which was previously included in industry. • Inputs of manufactured gases (coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases) to main activity electricity and heat plants are calculated based on outputs and using efficiencies of main activity producers from other fuels. For autoproducers, the specific inputs are known, however the specific electricity production by each gas is estimated based on a pro-rata of the total electricity generation from all gas types. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

• Coal injected in blast furnaces (PCI) is classified as coking coal in order to be consistent with Japanese trade statistics.

Consumption • In the 2019 edition coal tar consumption in the chemical and petrochemical industry was estimated by the IEA since 1990.

Korea Source Korea Energy Economics Institute, Ulsan.

General notes • Data are available from 1971. • Coal tar production data prior to 2007 are not available at this time. • Data for 2002 onwards have been reported on a different basis, causing breaks in series between 2001 and 2002, especially for inputs and outputs to electricity generation and consumption in the iron and steel industry. The Korean administration is planning to revise the historical series as time and resources allow. • Data for coal and coal products from 1971 to 2001 are based on information provided by the Korean administration, as well as information from the Yearbook of Energy Statistics 2002, the Yearbook of Coal Statistics 2001 (both from the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy), and Statistics of Electric Power in Korea 2001 (from the Korea Electric Power Corporation). During this period, import data by coal type were estimated by the IEA Secretariat, based on statistics of the exporting countries. • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

Transformation • Statistical differences for manufactured gases in 2012 are partly the result of classification issues. The national administration is working to improve reporting of coal-derived gases production and consumption.

Consumption • Data on blast furnace gas used for energy purposes in blast furnaces prior to 2007 are reported in the iron and steel industry.

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General notes

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• Consumption of manufactured gases in the iron and steel industry starting in 2002 includes the consumption in blast furnaces, oxygen steel furnaces and other iron and steel processing plants.

Latvia Source Central Statistical Bureau, Riga

General notes • For the 2011 edition, the Luxembourgian administration revised the time series from 2000 for most coal and coal products. Time series for BKB consumption were revised from 1990. • Prior to 1978, some sub-bituminous coal may be included in hard coal. • Steel production from blast furnaces ceased at the end of 1997.

Mexico

General note

Source

• Data for Latvia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union in the publication World Energy Statistics.

Ministry of Energy (SENER), Mexico City.

Supply

• Data are available starting in 1971. The Mexican administration submitted data directly by questionnaire for the first time with 1992 data. As a result, some breaks in series may occur between 1991 and 1992. For prior years, data are partly estimated based on the publication Balance Nacional - Energía. • In the 2016 edition, the Mexican administration completed a major work on revisions of the time series back to 1990. • The Mexican administration is currently undertaking major work on revisions of the time series back to 1990. For several products, only revisions back to 2003 have been provided. Some of these revisions could not be implemented in the 2016 edition. Further revisions to historical data are pending. Revisions for some products include reporting of new consumption flows, increased quantities of coal and higher calorific values, resulting in increases of total primary energy supply. • Prior to 2003, other bituminous coal is either reported as coking coal or sub-bituminous coal, depending upon usage, while anthracite and indigenously produced lignite were included with sub-bituminous coal. Calorific values currently in use may not accurately reflect any of this. • The time series for blast furnace gas and inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces start in 1991. • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

• The increase of distribution losses for peat in 2003 is due to a fire in one of the warehouses.

Consumption • The decrease in the iron and steel industry in 2014 is due to the bankruptcy of the major company in the market.

Lithuania Source Statistics Lithuania, Vilnius.

General note • Data for Lithuania are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union in the publication World Energy Statistics.

Luxembourg Source STATEC, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

General notes

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• Consumption of imported coke oven coke starting in 2002 is reported under non-specified industry.

III.282 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

• Use of pulverised coal injection in blast furnaces occurs in Mexico, but is not currently reported. • Oxygen steel furnace gas production and production of other other recovered gases occur as byproducts of heavy industry, but are not reported.

IEA Estimations • For coking coal, amounts reported for consumption in main activity electricity generation and associated imports for the years 2003 to 2016 have been reallocated to other bituminous coal by the IEA Secretariat. • Imports by country of origin for other bituminous coal and coking coal for 2017 have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat, based on partner data. • Blast furnace gas production and consumption have been estimated by the IEA for 1990 to 2017 based on inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces. • Coke oven coke production was estimated by the IEA for some years between 1999 and 2012 based off historical and commodities data, as were inputs of coking coal to coke ovens between 1990 and 2012. • Current Mexican methodology estimates production of coal tar and coke oven gas using coke oven coke production as a guide. This was extended for 1990 to 2001 and for years where coke oven coke production was estimated by the IEA.

Netherlands Source Statistics Netherlands, The Hague.

General notes • The Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics has conducted reviews and revisions of their energy balance three times; in 2005, 2011 and 2015. The 2005 revisions were to improve basic energy statistics, particularly with respect to carbon and CO2 reporting, while the 2011 revisions were part of a harmonization programme with international energy statistics. The 2015 revisions were the result of increased data collection, availability of new source information, and further alignment with INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

international energy definitions. More details are available here: http://www.cbs.nl • In the national statistical system of the Netherlands, use of fuel in manufacturing industries for CHP production is considered to be consumption in transformation. However, in IEA statistics, this own use for heat production (autoproduced heat) is reported under the relevant industry sub-sector, based on estimates provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics. • International trade into and through the hub ports of Amsterdam and Rotterdam is complicated by the capacity to purchase coal directly at these points. The majority of coal passing through these ports is intended for consumption in European countries other than the Netherlands, which is neither the country of origin or destination, therefore these data have been removed where possible. In the 2019 edition, the Central Bureau of Statistics proceeded to major revisions of trade and stock changes for anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal and lignite since 1990. Imports now should only relate to coal for inland consumption according to Eurostat’s statistical regulation, thus eliminating transits to other countries and stock changes of trading companies.

Supply • From 2013 onwards, trade reported by the Central Bureau of Statistics includes coal in transit, to align more closely with gross trade data. • In the 2013 edition, non-specified exports for 2011 were estimated by the Central Bureau of Statistics due to a lack of information from key market players. • For data prior to 2011, stock changes for primary coal types were estimated by the Dutch administration based on trade and consumption data. • For 1984 to 1986, production from other sources of other bituminous coal represents a stock of “smalls” washed for re-use.

Transformation •

At the end of 2015 three low-efficiency plants running on bituminous coal input closed down. In the course of 2017 another two old installations ceased operating. These closures were part of the so-called Agreement on Energy for Sustainable Growth in the Netherlands agreed upon by the Social and Economic Council of the Netherlands (SER) and more than forty representative organisations and stakeholders.

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Consumption

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.283

• Prior to 1989, non-energy use is included with industry consumption.

New Zealand Source Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Wellington.

General notes • Prior to 1994, data refer to fiscal year (April 1993 to March 1994 for 1993). From 1994, data refer to calendar year. • Peat, although produced in New Zealand, is not used as a fuel, and is used for agricultural purposes only. • In the 2014 edition, the definition of hard coal was aligned with the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics. Prior to this, hard coal for New Zealand from 1960 to 1977 had contained sub-bituminous coal. The portion of subbituminous coal production and residential consumption has been estimated by the IEA Secretariat for this period and moved to brown coal. • In the 2011 edition, the New Zealand administration has revised some of the coal, natural gas, oil, renewable and electricity time series back to 1990.

Supply • In 2017 the underground mine producing coking coal switched to opencast operation. • Breakdown of exports of coking coal by country of destination in 2018p has been estimated by the IEA Secretariat, based on partner data. • The decrease of other bituminous coal production in 2015 is due to a temporary shutdown in one of the coal mines at the beginning of 2015 and another one at the end of 2015. • A detailed breakdown of exports of coking coal by country of destination between 2001 and 2011 is estimated by the IEA, based on secondary sources and partner data.

Transformation • Sub-bituminous coal inputs into coke ovens refers to coal that is merged with iron sands and limestone

to form the inputs for the multi-hearth-furnaces, kilns and melters that produce direct reduced iron (Glenbrook Steel Site), with off-gases and supplemental and natural gas driving CHP plants. This method, while not the typical iron and steel process, produces similar by-products. The sub-bituminous coal inputs are reported under coke oven coke transformation and the resulting off-gases are reported as production of coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. • Blast furnace gas production and distribution losses prior to 1998 are IEA Secretariat estimates. Portions of this gas will have been used for energy purposes in the multi-hearth furnaces or elsewhere in the plant. Some transformation efficiencies will appear higher than normal due to non-reporting of certain inputs, including some confidential data.

Consumption • In final consumption, some industry data are reported in non-specified industry for confidentiality reasons. • In 2014, the increase in consumption of subbituminous coal in mines included the combustion of some unsold coal fines for safety reasons. • Prior to 2010, the construction sector is included with commercial/public services. • Prior to 2009, mining and quarrying is included in agriculture.

Norway Source Statistics Norway, Oslo.

General notes • Other bituminous coal includes lignite. • In the 2018 edition, data for Norway were revised back to 2010, following the introduction of a new system for energy balances and energy accounts. Breaks in series may appear between 2009 and 2010 as a result. For more detailed information regarding the methodological changes, please refer to the documentation of statistics production since statistics year 2010 on the Statistics Norway website. At the time of writing, the document was available in Norwegian as “Dokumentasjon av statistikkproduksjonen fra statistikkår 2010 og fremover”. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Consumption

III.284 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Portugal

Supply

Source

• The decrease of other bituminous coal production in 2017 is due to economic problems faced by Norway’s mines. • The decrease of other bituminous coal production in 2015 is due to a temporary shutdown in one of the coal mines.

Direcção-Geral de Energia e Geologia, Lisbon.

• The decrease of other bituminous coal production in 2005 is due to a fire in one of the coal mines; this entailed a break in the production for a large part of the year.

Consumption

Poland Source Central Statistical Office, Warsaw.

General notes •

•

Other recovered gases which appear in the balances as output from blast furnaces also include off-gases from zinc and copper smelting, ceramics kilns and steel production, thus artificially increasing the overall efficiency of blast furnaces when calculated. Prior to 2016 data, other bituminous coal includes anthracite.

Transformation • In the past two editions, the Central Statistical Office has revised their methodology which accounts for sold heat produced from autoproducer heat plants using coking coal and other bituminous coal, resulting in lower, but more accurate data for 2007 onwards.

Consumption • Consumption in agriculture/forestry for BKB, and own use in power stations for lignite are residual flows, so may contain statistical differences and other consumption not reported elsewhere. As a consequence, changes in these time series may not be wholly representative of the activities shown. • Prior to 2010, own use in coal mines included workers’ take home allowance, which should be included in residential consumption. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

General note • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

• Between 1997 and 2001 gas works gas was gradually replaced by natural gas in the commercial/ public service and residential sectors. • The production of pig iron ceased in the first quarter of 2001, leading to decreases in supply and consumption of coking coal, coke oven coke, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas in 2001.

Slovak Republic Source Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava.

General notes • Data are available starting in 1971. • The Slovak Republic became a separate state in 1993 and harmonised its statistics to EU standards in 2000. These two facts lead to several breaks in time series between 1992 and 1993, and between 2000 and 2001. • Data for anthracite, patent fuel and coal tar all begin in 2005. Prior to this, anthracite was included with other hard coals, and patent fuel and coal tar data were not reported. • Since 2005, data for coal tar and patent fuel are based solely on trade receipts. Production of coal tar which is consumed within the national boundary is not reported. Consumption of patent fuel adopts the residual methodology for statistical differences described above. • Breaks in time series may exist between 2000 and 2001 as the result of the implementation of a new survey system. • Commercial/public services also includes statistical differences for other bituminous coal, lignite,

IEA. All rights reserved.

• Production of coking coal, coke oven coke and coke oven gas ceased in the late 1980s.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.285

Slovenia Source Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana.

Sweden Sources • Statistics Sweden, Örebro. • Swedish Energy Agency, Energimyndigheten, Eskilstuna.

General notes

General notes

• Data for Slovenia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries in Former Yugoslavia. • A new energy data collection system was implemented in January 2001, causing some breaks in time series between 1999 and 2000.

Transformation

• Peat products data may be reported under the category of peat, particularly for imports. • Autoproducer inputs to waste heat production that are sold are reported in the respective final consumption sectors and not in transformation. • Some mixture of LNG with air to form a lower calorie product is reported as gas works gas production replacing traditional gas works gas manufacture.

• In 2015, a main activity electricity plant burning lignite ceased its operations.

Supply

Spain Source

• Other bituminous coal production until 1992 is coal recovered during the quarrying of clay.

Switzerland

Ministerio de Energía, Turismo y Agenda Digital, Madrid.

Sources

General notes

• Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), Ittigen. • Carbura, Swiss Organisation for Stockholding of Oil Products, Zurich.

• The calorific values for sub-bituminous coal are correct on an as received basis, and comply with definitions of sub-bituminous coal on a moist, but ash free basis. • Coke oven coke indigenous production and consumption in the iron and steel industry were estimated by the IEA Secretariat from 2016 to 2017 pending revisions by the Spanish administration.

Supply • Lignite mining ceased in 2008. • Underground production of sub-bituminous coal ceased in 2016.

Transformation •

In the 2018 edition, a reclassification of plants from autoproducer to main activity has led to breaks between 2015 and 2016.

General notes • From 1999, data on consumption result from a new survey and are not comparable with data for previous years. • Calorific values for anthracite, other bituminous coal and coke oven coke are taken from a common default figure. Lignite calorific values are also default data, but are based on dried lignite fines which have a higher calorific value.

Consumption • From 1985, industrial consumption of gas works gas is reported in non-specified industry to prevent the disclosure of commercially confidential data. • Allocation of consumption data between certain coal types is estimated by the Swiss administration. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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patent fuel and coke oven coke from 1980 onwards and BKB from 1989 onwards.

III.286 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Sources • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlı ı), Ankara. • Petrol leri Genel Müdürlü ü, Ankara.

General notes • In the 2018 edition, revisions were conducted by the Turkish administration back to 1990 impacting the transformation and industrial sector. The revisions in the transformation sector were the result of new data submitted by the Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TECT). • In the 2017 edition, historical revisions on coal tar data were conducted by the Turkish administration due to new available information. • Data from 2012 onwards utilised the latest census data, causing breaks in time series between 2011 and 2012. • Data from 2008 are provided from the results of an improved questionnaire. Significant changes occur in consumption patterns within the iron and steel industry, coal mining as well as across industry, residential and commercial/public services for other bituminous coal. • Calorific values for fuels consumed in electricity, CHP and heat plants are obtained from data submitted to the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) by the Turkish Electricity Transmission Company, and these values may differ significantly from production and import values provided by MENR, causing imbalances for some years. • Production of gas works gas declined in 1989 due to plant closures; the last plant closed in 1994. Use of gas coke and gas works gas ceased in 1994. • Due to government regulations in industry and residential, in particular, there has been a shift from the use of domestically produced coal to imported coal and natural gas.

Supply • Breakdown of imports of coke oven coke by country of origin in 2017 and 2018p has been estimated by the IEA Secretariat.

Transformation • In the middle of 2014, most autoproducer plants in Turkey were reclassified as main activity producer due to a change in the legislation. Although the liINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

cences of these plants changed, the Administration decided to restore the affected plants’ classification back to autoproducer in 2017 to harmonise with plant definitions in the IEA questionnaire.

Consumption • In the 2018 edition, revisions on industrial coal consumption were conducted by the Turkish administration back to 2010 due to new available information. • Privatisation of state owned coke ovens in recent years results in incomplete information on coke oven gas distribution. • In 2017 edition, consumption of sub-bituminous coal in construction has been reclassified by the Turkish administration as consumption in the nonmetallic minerals industry. • In 2015, a new survey was introduced by the Turkish administration to collect more detailed industrial consumption data, resulting in breaks in time series between 2014 and 2015.

United Kingdom Source Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, London.

General notes • Oxygen steel furnace gas data are reported with blast furnace gas rather than as other recovered gases. • In the 2017 edition, calorific values of other bituminous coal were revised for the period 20022015 due to a change in the methodology, impacting all flows. • Prior to 1994, the consumption of substitute natural gas is included with natural gas while its production is included with gas works gas.

Supply • Underground production of other bituminous coal in 2016 decreased due to the closure of Hatfield, Thoresby and Kellingley mines.

Transformation • The consumption of solid biofuels has increased in 2015, as the largest power station in the UK

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Turkey

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - III.287

Consumption • Consumption data shown for the commercial/ public services includes consumption of some of other non-specified.

United States Source Energy Information administration, Washington, DC.

General notes • Starting with 2017 data, inputs to and outputs from electricity and heat generation include Puerto Rico. • Since the Energy Information administration (EIA) and the US Department of Commerce do not collect separate data on patent fuel exports by country, total exports data of patent fuel are included in the exports of other bituminous coal. • End-use energy consumption data for the United States present a break in series with historical data

due to a change in methodology in 2014. The break in series occurs between 2011 and 2012 for oil; and between 2001 and 2002 for electricity and natural gas. The new methodology is based on the last historical year of the most recent Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) publication. Changes occur primarily in reported end-use energy consumption in the industrial sector and its subsectors, including the non-manufacturing industries of mining, construction and agriculture. Historical revisions are pending. Due to other changes in reporting methodologies, there are numerous breaks in series for the US data, particularly in 1992, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2013. Care should be taken when evaluating consumption by sector since inputs of fuel to autoproducers are included in final consumption for some years. • Coal tar as a by-product of coke ovens is not currently reported. • In 2002, the United States reported “synfuel” production as patent fuel for the first time. Prior to 2002, the consumption of this fuel was reported with other bituminous coal. Production ceased in 2007 for economic reasons. • Hard coal data prior to 1978 may include subbituminous coal.

Supply • Other sources coal production represents coal production that does not have a Mine Health and Safety administration (MSHA) identifier.

IEA. All rights reserved.

converted a further unit from coal to biomass midyear, and the previously converted unit had a full year of operation in 2015 rather than just the last few months of 2014. • The market decline in use of other bituminous coal from 2013 onwards for autoproducer electricity generation was due to a plant being sold to a dedicated main-activity electricity producer.

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III.288 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

2017 COUNTRY SPECIFIC AVERAGE NET CALORIFIC VALUES [kJ/kg]

Australia

26 700

Coking coal

28 500

Lignite / SubOther bituminous bituminous Oil shale and oil coal coal sands1

Peat

Patent fuels

Coke oven coke

Coal tar

BKB / Peat products2

25 700

18 478

9 800

-

-

27 000

35 714

20 955

Austria

26 700

29 182

27 613

21 840

9 900

-

31 000

28 565

37 030

19 800

Belgium

28 425

28 456

30 579

-

-

-

30 480

29 308

37 654

20 682

Canada

26 381

25 007

27 226

17 897

14 019

-

-

27 457

-

-

-

29 724

22 306

-

-

-

-

28 591

38 841

-

28 689

28 823

24 543

-

12 626

-

-

28 695

36 712

21 729

-

-

24 330

-

-

-

-

29 300

-

-

8 029

10 080

-

28 500

-

-

Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia

-

-

Finland

27 550

29 300

25 493

-

-

9 920

-

29 300

37 000

-

France

32 322

29 500

26 000

-

17 000

-

32 000

28 000

37 883

16 920

Germany

29 700

29 000

25 818

-

8 992

-

31 400

28 650

-

21 159

-

-

23 291

-

5 068

-

-

-

-

-

Hungary

27 600

29 910

26 351

-

7 023

-

-

29 598

38 000

19 611

Iceland

28 050

-

-

-

-

9 760

-

26 670

-

-

Ireland

29 703

-

25 677

-

-

8 668

-

-

-

19 816

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18 5482

-

-

24 916

-

3 9701

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

26 167

30 984

24 065

18 832

10 468

-

-

28 760

35 950

-

Japan

27 246

28 076

25 050

-

-

-

-

29 181

35 393

-

Korea

20 218

28 010

23 697

21 353

-

-

19 385

28 889

37 000

-

Latvia

27 433

-

24 110

-

-

10 050

-

26 790

-

15 4902

25 120

22 705

Greece

Israel

Lithuania

22 000

-

1

11 720

13 3002

29 300

Luxembourg

26 700

-

24 400

-

-

-

28 200

28 500

-

22 200

Mexico

26 607

29 040

25 875

19 869

11 364

-

-

28 383

37 970

18 000

Netherlands

29 300

28 631

25 049

-

20 000

-

-

28 500

41 900

20 000

New Zealand

-

29 753

26 651

20 220

16 303

-

-

29 500

-

-

Norway

-

-

28 100

-

-

-

-

28 500

-

-

Poland

28 443

29 646

22 789

-

8 328

-

23 200

28 000

37 720

17 500

Portugal

30 359

-

24 914

-

-

-

-

30 811

-

-

Slovak Republic

26 340

29 840

26 982

-

11 153

-

28 000

28 298

33 490

17 575

Slovenia Spain Sweden

-

-

27 437

18 990

11 646

-

-

30 084

-

-

24 265

29 250

23 250

13 510

-

-

-

27 342

38 519

-

-

30 000

27 400

-

-

12 572

-

28 080

-

-

25 500

-

25 500

-

23 600

-

-

25 500

-

-

Turkey

-

29 668

26 057

20 908

8 353

-

-

27 000

37 681

-

United Kingdom

-

30 248

25 436

-

-

-

28 310

29 800

35 016

-

30 464

28 246

26 745

19 028

13 968

-

-

28 865

-

-

Switzerland

United States

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Data are weighted averages of supply side statistics, on a net as received (NAR) basis.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Anthracite

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.1

PART IV

IEA. All rights reserved.

NON-OECD COAL DATA

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.3

BRAZIL Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

3.6 5.3 -0.4

2.8 11.3 -0.2

2.9 14.0 0.0

3.8 14.8 0.1

3.5 15.2 -0.0 -0.1

3.0 17.3 0.4

3.8 19.5 -0.6

2.8 21.6 -0.0 -0.4

-2.5 7.9 -

0.0 2.4 -

Primary supply

8.5

13.8

16.9

18.6

18.6

20.7

22.7

24.0

5.0

2.1

Statistical differences

0.2

0.1

-0.1

0.2

-0.0

0.0

-0.0

0.0

-4.0

-6.7

-8.0

-9.3

-9.3

-9.2

-12.5

-11.9

5.2

2.2

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-1.3

-2.1

-2.5

-4.6

-4.1

-4.5

-8.6

-7.6

5.4

4.8

-1.0 -0.3

-1.4 -0.7

-1.9 -0.6

-3.3 -1.3

-2.6 -1.5

-2.5 -2.0

-5.6 -3.0

-5.1 -2.6

3.6 10.3

4.8 4.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.8 -2.2 -0.6 -

-4.5 -3.4 -1.1 -

-5.5 -4.6 -1.0 -

-4.7 -4.2 -0.6 -

-5.2 -4.9 -0.3 -

-4.7 -4.9 0.2 -

-3.9 -4.4 0.6 -

-4.3 -4.9 0.6 -

5.1 4.5 7.3 -

-0.2 1.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.8

0.2

Energy ind. own use

-0.4

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

-0.7

-0.5

-0.8

Losses Final consumption5

-1.3

-1.2

-1.7

-0.5

-0.5

-0.3

-0.3

-0.4

3.0

5.2

6.4

8.2

7.9

10.5

9.5

10.9

5.9

2.7

2.8 2.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1

5.1 3.5 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.4

6.3 4.8 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.6

8.0 6.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.0

7.7 5.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.3

10.3 7.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.0

9.3 7.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.8

10.7 8.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.9

6.3 5.0 47.6 7.2 8.3 14.5

2.8 3.3 1.8 -5.0 -1.4 5.7

Transport8

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

-0.9

1.3

Electricity gen. - TWh

3.4

4.8

5.5

11.0

10.7

11.3

25.7

25.3

3.3

6.4

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

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1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

BRAZIL Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

3547

10146

14833

13699

17590

10587

19502

21206

20986

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3503 164 600 15 2724 -

9801 1291 1108 1249 5219 -

10695 5247 1382 4066 -

9396 3501 1944 3523 128

13647 4627 1574 7303 -

5222 2380 554 2288 -

10698 4949 990 4759 -

11595 5233 640 5530 -

11252 4195 956 6101 -

x x -

254 670 x x 10

x -

300 x -

3 61 x 30 49 -

x -

x -

x 192 -

x -

44 11 -

345 158 98 5 5 79 -

4138 18 2 -

4303 32 660 644

3943 34 134 68 39

5365 128 -

8804 34 98 -

9611 102 216 -

9734 83 128 -

x x 33 -

x x -

585 149 468 1919 x 997 -

366 426 211 249 x 514 226 450 429 96

6 1601 895 x 387 166 608 5

3 3341 522 x 936 313 122

5831 53 x 2053 86 274 375

101 6239 76 111 x 1697 91 978

6061 x 2451 1011

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.5

BULGARIA Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

7.4 6.1 -0.1

7.3 5.1 -0.1 0.1

7.6 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

6.1 3.4 -0.2 -0.2

6.0 3.7 -0.0 0.3

7.1 2.5 -0.1 0.4

7.3 0.8 -0.0 0.0

Primary supply

13.4

12.4

10.9

9.1

9.9

9.9

Statistical differences

-0.0

-0.8

0.0

-0.1

0.1

0.1

Total transformation

-8.3

-9.1

-9.1

-7.7

-8.6

-9.3

-7.6

-8.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4 Energy ind. own use Losses Final consumption5 6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

8.1 0.8 -0.0 -0.2

-0.2 -1.7 -

0.4 -6.5 -6.2

8.1

8.7

-0.8

-1.3

0.0

-0.0 0.9

-0.4

-7.7

-9.2

-8.1

-7.0

-8.2

-9.2

-7.5

-8.1

1.8

-0.5

-7.4 -0.2

-8.4 -0.7

-7.3 -0.8

-6.8 -0.2

-8.0 -0.2

-9.2 -

-7.5 -

-8.1 -0.0

1.3 11.6

-0.2 -17.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.6 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -

0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.1 -

-1.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -

-0.6 -0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -

-0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-21.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-18.2

-7.8

-4.8

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.2

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.0

-

-0.0

5.1

2.3

1.6

1.0

1.1

0.7

0.6

0.6

3.6 0.5 3.1

1.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2

0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1

0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.5 1.2 0.2 -

1.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 -

0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 -

0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 -

0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 -

0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

-3.5 -2.6 -13.7 -

-5.2 -5.1 -4.9 -

17.1

21.2

17.6

17.2

18.6

22.6

19.4

20.9

2.1

-0.0

-10.2 -5.3 3.6 -28.9 0.8 -0.9 -23.6 -12.0

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

BULGARIA Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

6201

5790

1184

1744

2939

551

762

1793

833

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1921 -

1100 44 -

536 140 298 -

10 1 8 -

-

-

-

-

-

1921 x x -

1056 x x -

x 98 -

x 1 -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

4280 -

4690 -

648 -

1734 66 100 38 -

2939 44

551 -

762 1

1793 6

833 3

4280 x x -

4690 x x -

285 x 363 -

x 858 623 49

x 251 2599 45

24 x 429 68 30 -

89 x 610 62 -

133 x 1323 331 -

138 x 659 33 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.7

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

443.9 1.5 -6.0 7.1

740.6 1.5 -17.3 33.1

962.3 1.2 -35.0 -2.7

1019.3 2.1 -65.1 -6.7

1752.9 21.3 -78.9 24.3

2460.7 141.1 -20.8 -23.3

2455.6 213.2 -17.3 104.8

2551.2 217.0 -14.9 37.1

5.3 -0.0 11.1

4.7 20.3 -0.5

Primary supply

446.5

757.9

925.8

949.6

1719.6

2557.7

2756.3

2790.4

5.4

4.9

Statistical differences

-25.0

-49.2

22.5

17.6

38.1

-60.3

36.3

23.1

-111.9

-242.5

-396.1

-524.6

-933.5

-1372.6

-1713.8

-1801.7

8.0

7.7

Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-88.7

-209.4

-347.9

-471.0

-809.5

-1176.7

-1462.0

-1543.7

9.0

7.7

-88.2 -0.5

-208.5 -1.0

-346.2 -1.6

-468.5 -2.5

-799.7 -9.8

-1149.5 -27.1

-1412.6 -49.4

-1493.0 -50.6

9.0 7.0

7.6 15.8

-0.5

-1.6

-0.6

-2.2

-3.3

-1.7

-10.5

-13.4

12.0

8.2

-22.7 -14.0 -8.7 -

-31.5 -22.2 -9.3 -

-47.6 -35.5 -12.0 -0.1

-51.4 -34.9 -16.1 -0.4

-120.7 -93.7 -23.6 -3.4

-192.5 -138.4 -48.4 -5.7

-233.1 -149.3 -79.9 -4.0

-233.3 -149.6 -80.0 -3.7

3.3 4.7 0.7 -

7.7 7.3 8.3 -

Other transformation4

-

-

-

-

-

-1.7

-8.2

-11.4

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.5

-21.2

-39.6

-50.4

-55.2

-107.9

-60.2

-64.0

16.7

4.2

-

-

-

-0.1

-

-

-

-

305.1

444.9

512.5

392.1

769.1

1016.9

1018.6

947.8

3.8

2.8

188.4 47.4 42.1 32.5 5.5 60.9

244.1 32.7 31.6 70.4 10.0 99.4

342.7 63.4 60.4 95.7 14.0 109.2

269.4 67.8 40.5 73.8 10.5 76.7

598.7 131.5 93.2 173.5 17.6 182.9

833.2 233.3 116.8 224.3 23.0 235.7

794.7 262.9 146.4 219.9 11.7 153.8

739.4 260.4 132.5 207.2 11.0 128.4

2.6 -3.6 -2.8 8.0 6.2 5.0

4.2 8.0 5.5 4.1 0.3 1.0

10.6

9.4

4.2

0.7

0.0

-

0.0

0.0

-1.2

-25.8

Non-energy use

106.1 3.2 81.1 21.8 -

163.9 13.3 117.0 33.6 27.5

146.0 12.7 100.2 33.1 19.7

104.2 11.9 66.5 25.9 17.9

138.7 20.4 77.8 40.5 31.7

141.2 23.8 72.1 45.3 42.6

152.2 28.5 70.6 53.0 71.7

144.0 25.9 68.7 49.3 64.4

4.4 15.1 3.7 4.5 -

-0.5 2.5 -2.0 1.4 3.2

Electricity gen. - TWh

159.4

441.3

743.3

1060.4

1980.3

3239.7

4241.8

4485.4

10.7

9.0

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption5 6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

2440

2003

2119

26173

163065

99843

281968

284330

-

-

900 600 300 -

547 547 -

7195 4422 1239 179

47082 24152 4018 2754 138

21633 10853 2213 115 129

59307 26819 5189 533

69901 30980 4253 2817 247

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x 61 1294

23 767 x 1804 39 13387

231 x 1814 6278

574 x 2620 10 23562

714 x 4620 26270

x -

2440 -

1103 -

1572 1034 -

18978 2307 12 796

115983 15158 710 1132 26

78210 23263 -

222661 87051 6

214429 89386 1804 653 -

-

x x 2440

x x 1103

141 325 x 72 -

2260 x 791 11469 1343

3756 56295 4183 x 6801 1 18065 9856

36343 x 6178 5 452 11969

77336 x 29600 20 487 28161

64121 x 37990 187 258 20030

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.9

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 19781

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

300 300 300 -

4000 1302 1301 1 -

6470 5989 3631 2358 -

5260 4984 3279 1627 78 -

1139 932 345 587 -

511 441 70 371 -

1203 971 230 741 -

136 85 46 27 7 5 -

1078 594 83 479 32 -

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

-

2698 100 400 2198 -

481 21 360 100 -

276 266 10 -

207 207 -

69 31 38

232 72 160 -

51 1 10 5 23 3 9 -

Non-specified/other4

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

484

1. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 2. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 3. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD2

IV.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Steam coal1 exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

2820 534 21 513 -

13280 6879 292 57 100 1776 8 310 3258 838 152 4 8 69 7

48578 33172 109 114 452 228 383 12585 18760 2 146 36 199 43 107 8 -

66413 37207 297 70 8 79 2 15947 18481 8 148 24 184 1736 163 60 -

20169 14584 114 6877 7389 6 189 9 -

1810 1636 7 9 907 666 4 9 2 5 6 17 4 -

7448 5646 2958 2688 -

7888 7593 3759 3834 -

4881 3280 10 10 1159 2046 4 9 3 11 4 24 -

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

2286 2286 -

6401 1708 4693 -

15406 585 1963 1562 36 9076 2182 2 -

29162 293 993 3492 138 3 20992 3186 65 -

5585 395 4989 2 199 -

140 41 99 -

1802 1583 219 -

295 282 13 -

-

-

-

44

-

34

-

-

1601

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Non-specified/other4

-

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.11

COLOMBIA Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

3.9 -1.4 0.1

19.8 -12.6 -2.8

23.8 -17.1 -1.6

35.5 -33.0 1.3

54.8 0.0 -49.8 -1.2

69.0 -64.4 -

84.0 -78.6 4.1

84.1 -97.1 18.8

17.8 24.7

5.5 7.8

5.6

1.0

5.7

-0.5

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

2.5

4.4

5.1

3.8

3.9

4.6

9.5

5.8

Statistical differences

1.0

0.3

0.1

0.8

0.1

-0.2

-1.0

-0.4

-1.1

-1.9

-2.0

-1.0

-1.2

-2.1

-2.7

-1.6

Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-0.7

-1.5

-1.7

-0.8

-1.0

-1.6

-2.2

-1.1

8.2

-1.0

-0.4 -0.3

-1.0 -0.5

-1.2 -0.5

-0.7 -0.1

-0.8 -0.2

-1.4 -0.2

-2.0 -0.3

-0.8 -0.3

9.5 6.2

-0.6 -2.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -

-0.4 -0.1 -0.2 -

-0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -

-0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -

-0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -

-0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -

-0.4 0.4 -0.8 -

1.0 -3.8 2.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.8

-10.5

Energy ind. own use

-0.5

-0.5

-0.5

-0.3

-0.3

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

Losses Final consumption5

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

1.9

2.3

2.7

3.2

2.4

2.2

5.7

3.7

1.8

1.8

1.7 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.3

2.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.4

2.5 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.5

3.1 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.6

2.4 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.5

2.1 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3

5.6 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.3 1.9

3.6 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.4 1.3

2.3 0.3 -1.9 2.9 2.8 2.0

2.0 6.0 1.0 -0.1 1.1 4.4

Transport8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

-2.6 -2.6 -

-2.4 -2.4 -

Electricity gen. - TWh

1.6

3.7

4.3

2.2

2.5

4.1

6.2

3.2

8.7

-0.6

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

COLOMBIA Steam coal1 exports by destination 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

50 -

13377 12623 170 2077 334 2033 351 548 290 35 1634 390 404 108 2136 1305 808

33565 32284 153 1590 819 2832 899 773 1694 6822 2544 908 83 4950 6412 1805

53609 50231 499 2086 1225 2181 2873 4620 2442 5581 2467 1946 2525 2576 17260 1950

65141 54404 165 1731 1358 411 1966 180 152 3619 1645 487 1115 854 10419 317 194 1398 2616 2738 5417 12973 4649

35079 32210 776 237 35 457 2509 1115 19 225 8414 143 2284 2705 4831 2073 3358 3029

82120 69601 1389 411 1077 166 4546 3374 2324 1706 2038 16333 172 4503 4047 15182 598 6993 4742

101152 87470 2107 192 2229 809 4770 3173 3573 8311 11074 434 5829 6941 20714 400 6130 10784

79543 62225 21 24 2068 247 5 1704 3786 2847 476 3800 5150 1899 447 1432 3696 3421 18176 626 3680 8720

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

50 50 -

702 600 29 73 -

1159 149 69 146 795 -

3051 279 7 121 2644 -

10458 1312 3725 289 2099 72 201 412 2348 -

2869 1615 134 1120 -

12519 4007 325 2644 188 55 329 278 4534 159

13682 5476 97 602 227 601 66 2666 88 3859 -

6170 6061 45 64 -

-

52

122

327

279

-

-

-

11148

Non-specified/other4

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.13

HONG KONG (CHINA) Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

7.9 -

8.0 -

5.3 -

9.5 -

9.1 -

9.8 -

9.2 -

98.2 -

0.6 -

Primary supply

0.0

7.9

8.0

5.3

9.5

9.1

9.8

9.2

98.2

0.6

-

0.8

0.5

0.7

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-8.7

-8.6

-6.1

-8.8

-7.7

-8.0

-7.6

122.2

-0.5

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-

-8.7

-8.6

-6.1

-8.8

-7.7

-8.0

-7.6

-

-0.5

-

-8.7 -

-8.6 -

-6.1 -

-8.8 -

-7.7 -

-8.0 -

-7.6 -

-

-0.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

0.8

1.3

1.8

1.7

-

33.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

-

0.8 0.8

1.3 1.3

1.8 1.8

1.7 1.7

-

33.1 -

Transport8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity gen. - TWh

-

28.4

27.2

18.9

27.0

23.8

24.8

23.2

-

-0.7

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

HONG KONG (CHINA) Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

8

8928

6058

10823

10324

5660

11161

10503

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

43 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

43 x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

8 -

8928 3003 108 -

6015 276 -

10823 -

10324 441 -

5660 96 -

11161 231 77 -

10503 369 376 -

-

8 x x -

1708 234 659 3216 x x -

2265 2846 567 x 61 -

938 9825 x 60 -

395 9303 x 135 50

5227 x 337 -

9634 x 1219 -

8242 x 1516 -

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.15

INDIA Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

68.3 0.5 -0.1 -5.5

133.3 6.0 -0.1 -6.8

168.3 12.5 -0.4 -4.1

186.6 21.1 -0.8 1.5

233.3 37.2 -1.2 -6.1

304.1 100.8 -1.7 -4.5

383.0 157.4 -1.1 -7.4

385.5 169.7 -0.9 4.3

6.9 27.4 -0.9

4.0 13.2 10.6

Primary supply

63.3

132.4

176.1

208.5

263.2

398.6

531.8

558.5

7.7

5.5

0.4

-0.5

-1.6

-2.1

-2.8

-5.0

-9.0

-9.5

-27.2

-75.1

-120.2

-157.5

-195.8

-267.7

-383.3

-402.1

10.7

6.4

(Mtce)

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-22.9

-69.1

-111.4

-147.4

-182.3

-253.2

-358.1

-373.9

11.7

6.5

-21.6 -1.3

-64.5 -4.6

-104.4 -6.9

-136.2 -11.2

-166.1 -16.2

-220.7 -32.6

-304.0 -54.1

-328.6 -45.4

11.6 13.4

6.2 8.9

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-4.3 -0.1 -5.1 0.9 -

-6.0 -0.3 -5.2 -0.6 -

-8.9 -0.3 -5.7 -2.9 -

-10.1 -0.2 -8.4 -1.4 -

-13.5 -0.2 -8.4 -5.0 -

-14.4 -0.3 -11.5 -2.7 -

-25.2 -0.2 -19.1 -5.8 -

-28.2 -0.2 -20.0 -8.0 -

3.4 7.9 0.1 -

5.9 -0.8 5.1 10.3 -

Other transformation4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.8

-2.2

-2.2

-1.5

-1.7

-1.5

-2.2

-2.4

9.8

0.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

35.7

54.6

52.1

47.4

62.9

124.4

137.3

144.5

4.3

3.7

19.2 8.1 1.7 4.5 1.2 3.6

37.7 11.8 3.6 8.7 1.8 11.7

37.4 15.0 4.5 9.8 2.3 5.8

36.8 13.7 3.6 13.4 1.9 4.2

51.4 21.5 2.5 13.4 1.9 12.0

107.1 43.5 2.9 16.7 2.5 41.5

120.7 68.8 1.8 19.1 0.9 30.1

127.5 73.1 2.0 20.4 1.1 31.0

7.0 3.8 7.7 6.8 4.0 12.4

4.6 7.0 -2.2 3.2 -2.0 3.7

Transport8

7.1

3.1

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-7.8

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

9.4 4.0 2.9 2.5 -

13.8 4.8 3.9 5.1 -

14.5 5.0 3.8 5.7 -

10.5 3.7 3.6 3.3 -

11.5 3.6 3.3 4.6 -

17.3 4.5 3.7 9.1 -

16.6 6.2 3.9 6.6 -

17.0 6.3 3.8 6.8 -

3.9 1.7 3.0 7.5 -

0.8 1.1 -0.1 1.1 -

61.5

191.6

296.3

390.2

478.5

658.0

1081.6

1133.6

12.0

6.8

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption5 6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

INDIA Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

220

5100

16565

38586

115717

111434

141966

208193

51341

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

220 20 200 -

5000 4665 284 51

8372 7824 11 63

16892 13973 837 92

34424 30730 2299 1073

24757 20770 818 2720 408

35597 29872 2348 1503 332

47003 38479 2822 3361 419

14995 11718 805 1956 105

x x -

x x -

474 x -

603 1365 x 22 -

70 226 x 6 20

8 x 2 31

78 x 238 1226

162 25 x 192 1543

x 25 386

-

100 100 -

8193 2748 -

21694 1438 86 -

81293 2227 1 773 -

86677 2148 2 1575 392

106369 3488 2 1844 620

161190 3264 97 2 6955 517

36346 729 1 2766 2

x x -

x x -

1610 2256 1507 x 72 -

3152 13889 3044 x 33 52

2 260 53677 24030 x 220 57 46

1 64786 16752 x 1006 15 -

1782 69986 27092 x 1555 -

544 107368 40010 x 2433 -

23605 8289 x 954 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.17

INDONESIA Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

8.4 0.6 -3.9 -

34.1 -26.1 1.0

64.9 0.1 -47.9 -

140.3 0.1 -108.8 -

266.2 0.1 -220.7 -

355.5 3.8 -297.4 -

375.3 4.4 -310.5 -

42.2 32.6 45.1

15.1 7.6 17.6

36.5

10.2

71.3

10.8

0.2

5.1

9.0

17.2

31.6

45.5

61.9

69.1

Statistical differences

-0.0

1.5

0.4

1.5

-0.5

-7.1

0.0

0.0

Total transformation

-0.0

-3.3

-4.9

-12.0

-19.2

-26.9

-48.3

-53.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-

-3.3

-4.9

-12.0

-19.2

-26.9

-48.3

-53.2

-

10.8

-

-3.3 -

-4.9 -

-9.9 -2.1

-12.7 -6.5

-18.0 -8.9

-32.4 -15.9

-35.1 -18.1

-

9.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

Other transformation4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1

3.2

4.5

6.6

11.9

11.4

13.6

15.9

38.0

6.1

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

3.2 0.0 3.2

4.5 4.5

6.6 0.0 1.7 0.6 4.4

11.9 0.2 3.9 0.9 7.0

11.4 0.3 4.7 1.3 5.0

13.6 1.8 6.8 2.7 2.3

15.9 1.7 8.8 2.5 2.9

40.4 58.3

6.1 17.3 -0.3

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

-

0.0 0.0 -

-

-

Electricity gen. - TWh

-

9.8

14.4

34.0

51.8

68.4

135.4

147.9

-

10.6

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption5 6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

INDONESIA Steam coal1 exports by destination 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

32 -

4574 961 6 38 663 33 133 88

54480 27791 105 133 1637 13101 4825 2700 7 70 2793 627 1793

118396 46030 6 306 109 80 2422 19511 12885 1076 119 3146 1772 1884 2714

265000 94212 36 6835 35746 43102 2804 2616 46 165 1583 1279

187482 38755 1732 16159 17733 83 2157 253 387 251

369576 75273 48 23 1615 32085 35119 5041 154 568 620

389470 76446 78 691 27420 41802 234 4042 67 749 1363

435397 51143 27 859 15419 28701 24 4494 830 789

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

32 32 -

3613 105 660 110 546 2192 -

26689 468 142 2816 3373 11786 8032 72 -

58020 146 1008 9826 11657 19132 155 16004 65 15 12

170724 57430 8725 44990 21280 158 37194 770 76 101

148723 33 36347 5028 66616 12091 104 28346 158

294303 99490 9552 101117 24274 73 59498 299

313024 111424 9006 104043 17538 39 70757 217

23681 23605 76 -

-

-

-

14346

64

4

-

-

360573

Non-specified/other4

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.19

KAZAKHSTAN Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

x x x x

82.9 6.8 -32.6 -

53.1 1.5 -13.3 -

48.8 1.0 -21.8 0.3

54.7 1.4 -15.6 0.2

69.4 0.8 -19.7 -1.2

64.6 0.7 -16.2 1.4

70.7 0.8 -18.3 1.5

-

-0.6 -7.6 -2.1

Primary supply

x

57.1

41.3

28.2

40.7

49.3

50.5

54.7

-

-0.2

Statistical differences

x

-

-

1.6

-0.0

2.9

5.0

1.1

Total transformation

x

-34.5

-24.3

-23.5

-28.2

-28.4

-37.0

-36.1

-

0.2

(Mtce)

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

x

-34.4

-23.9

-20.9

-25.8

-25.7

-32.8

-31.8

-

-0.3

x x

-34.4 -

-23.9 -

-20.9 -

-25.8 -

-25.7 -

-32.8 -

-31.8 -

-

-0.3 -

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x x x x

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.3 -0.3 -

-2.6 -0.9 -1.7 0.0

-2.4 -0.9 -1.5 0.0

-2.6 -1.1 -1.5 -

-4.2 -1.3 -2.9 -

-4.4 -1.5 -2.8 -

-

14.4 12.6 -

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

x

-

-0.4

-0.7

-0.7

-1.2

-0.9

-0.8

Losses Final consumption5

x

-

-

-0.1

-1.3

-1.3

-0.0

-0.0

x

22.5

16.7

5.5

10.5

21.4

17.7

18.9

-

-0.7

x x x x x x

22.5 1.2 21.3

16.7 2.3 14.4

4.5 1.3 3.2

9.6 1.4 8.2

15.6 4.6 0.0 10.9

15.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.3

14.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0

-

-1.6 5.0 -2.8

Transport8

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

x x x x x

-

-

0.0 0.0 1.0

0.0 0.0 0.9

5.8 1.1 1.7 3.1 -

2.2 0.8 1.3 0.2 -

4.3 1.0 3.2 0.1 -

-

-

Electricity gen. - TWh

x

62.1

48.0

35.6

50.1

66.7

70.6

71.1

-

0.5

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

KAZAKHSTAN Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

x

3277

668

31

237

8

24

4

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

x x x x x x x x x

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 -

-

x x x x x x x x x x

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x 1 -

x -

x x x x x x x x x

3277 -

668 -

31 -

234 -

8 -

24 -

3 -

-

x x x x x x x x x x

3277 x x -

2 x 480 186

x 31 -

x 234 -

x 6 2 -

x 24 -

x 3 -

x -

x

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.21

KAZAKHSTAN Steam coal1 exports by destination 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

53210 -

25300 -

21308 116 39 4 73 -

29078 298 49 2 9 238 -

12906 1845 1629 2 204 10

22662 2993 312 2062 69 5 11 237 297

25959 4342 3450 108 5 18 761

22171 1207 83 595 44 484 1

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

53210 53210 -

25300 24080 1220 -

21192 21192 -

28780 28780 -

11061 2 12 9925 336 786 -

19666 18 18602 1 38 1007 -

21617 20122 22 181 1292 -

20964 20304 661 -

Non-specified/other4

x

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

IV.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA Coal balance1 (Mtce) 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

36.3 0.7 -0.1 -

38.0 2.8 -0.4 -

25.4 1.3 -0.4 -

24.2 0.2 -0.3 -

28.4 0.2 -2.6 -

20.7 0.3 -4.2 -

27.3 1.3 -20.6 -

19.0 0.8 -2.4 -

0.5 14.5 17.5

-2.5 -4.5 6.5

Primary supply

37.0

40.4

26.3

24.0

26.0

16.8

8.0

17.4

0.9

-3.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-11.4

-7.8

-8.6

-4.8

-3.8

-4.1

-2.6

-1.1

-0.9

1.0

-8.1

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-5.0

-5.3

-3.9

-3.8

-4.0

-2.5

-1.0

-0.8

0.6

-6.8

-5.0 -

-5.3 -

-3.9 -

-3.8 -

-4.0 -

-2.5 -

-1.0 -

-0.8 -

0.6 -

-6.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.8 -1.6 -1.2 -

-3.3 -1.8 -1.5 -

-0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-6.6

1.8 -12.6 1.7 -10.6 1.8 -

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

29.2

31.8

21.6

20.2

22.0

14.2

6.9

5.1

0.8

23.2 1.6 21.6

25.8 1.9 23.9

16.6 0.4 16.2

15.3 0.1 15.2

16.8 0.1 16.7

10.7 0.1 10.6

5.2 0.1 5.1

3.9 0.1 3.8

1.1 -6.8 1.7 -11.0 1.0 -6.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.0 6.0 -

5.9 5.9 -

5.0 5.0 -

4.9 4.9 -

5.2 5.2 -

3.5 3.5 -

1.6 1.6 -

1.2 1.2 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-5.7 -5.7 -

10.2

11.1

8.5

8.4

8.9

7.7

3.2

2.5

0.9

-5.4

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.23

MALAYSIA Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.1 -

0.1 2.0 -0.0 -0.2

0.1 2.3 -0.1 -0.0

0.3 2.8 -0.0 0.2

0.7 9.4 -0.1 -0.3

2.2 18.7 -0.1 0.1

2.0 24.5 -0.0 0.3

2.7 27.4 -0.5 0.1

39.0 -

13.0 10.1 -

Primary supply

38.3

10.6

-

12.4

(Mtce)

0.1

1.9

2.3

3.3

9.8

20.9

26.9

29.6

Statistical differences

-

-0.0

0.1

0.3

-0.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

Total transformation

-

-1.2

-1.4

-2.1

-7.9

-18.5

-24.4

-27.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-

-1.2

-1.4

-2.1

-7.9

-18.5

-24.4

-27.1

-

12.4

-

-1.2 -

-1.4 -

-2.1 -

-7.9 -

-18.5 -

-24.4 -

-27.1 -

-

12.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1

0.7

1.0

1.4

1.9

2.6

2.5

2.6

25.5

4.8

0.1 0.1

0.7 0.7

1.0 1.0

1.4 1.4

1.9 1.9

2.6 2.6

2.5 2.5

2.6 2.6

25.5 25.5

4.8 4.8

Transport8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity gen. - TWh

-

2.9

3.5

7.7

20.0

42.8

69.2

72.0

-

12.6

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

MALAYSIA Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

33

972

802

12337

26131

12267

27238

30426

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

33 33 -

972 697 -

802 210 -

12337 1270 66

26131 3149 169

12267 3050 5

27238 9680 -

30426 10097 -

-

x x -

275 x x -

236 144 200 x 12 -

58 10739 x 125 79

74 1 19984 2754 x -

13 7838 532 x 808 21 -

4 11843 1425 x 4286 -

5 14190 1231 x 4903 -

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.25

MONGOLIA Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

.. .. .. ..

3.8 0.0 -0.2 -0.0

3.1 0.1 -0.0 -0.0

2.6 0.0 -0.0

5.2 -2.0 0.1

21.7 -16.2 -1.4

27.9 0.0 -23.0 0.3

34.2 0.0 -27.6 -1.5

-

8.5 19.2

Primary supply

..

3.6

3.2

2.6

3.2

4.2

5.2

5.0

-

1.3

Statistical differences

..

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.7

Total transformation

..

-2.1

-2.2

-2.2

-2.6

-3.0

-4.0

-4.3

-

2.7

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

..

-2.1

-2.2

-2.2

-2.6

-3.0

-4.0

-4.3

-

2.6

.. ..

-2.1 -

-2.2 -

-2.2 -

-2.6 -

-3.0 -

-4.0 -

-4.3 -

-

2.6 -

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

Losses Final consumption5

..

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.4

..

1.4

1.0

0.4

0.6

1.0

1.2

1.0

-

-1.2

.. .. .. .. .. ..

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

-

-6.3 -6.3

Transport8

..

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-1.6

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

.. .. .. .. ..

0.6 0.0 0.3 0.3 -

0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 -

0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 -

0.5 0.4 0.1 -

0.7 0.0 0.5 0.2 -

1.0 0.6 0.4 -

0.9 0.0 0.5 0.3 -

-

1.3 2.4 0.0 -

Electricity gen. - TWh

..

3.1

2.5

2.9

3.3

4.1

5.3

5.4

-

2.1

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

MONGOLIA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 19781

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

16050 147 147 -

6159 -

20424 -

24534 31 31 -

25699 -

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

15903 15898 5 -

6159 6159 -

20424 20424 -

24503 24503 -

Non-specified/other4

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

25699

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 2. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland.

-

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.27

MOZAMBIQUE Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

0.2 0.2 -0.1 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 -0.0 -

0.0 -0.0 -

0.0 -0.0 -

5.6 -8.3 2.7

10.8 -10.8 0.0

-15.2 -20.6 -

23.8 -

0.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

-14.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -

-0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

0.0

-

-

-18.3

-

0.2 0.2

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

-

0.0 0.0

-

-

-18.3 -18.3

-

Transport8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.5

-

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

MOZAMBIQUE Coking coal exports by destination 19781

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD2

-

-

-

-

-

1890 682 51 77 83 415 36 20

3863 1608 166 843 229 145 101 124

6953 3578 11 544 369 625 1454 220 99 256

6240 2141 146 393 611 3 299 552 77 60

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

-

-

-

-

-

818 818 -

1635 1635 -

1635 1635 -

386 386 -

Non-specified/other4

-

-

-

-

-

390

620

1740

3713

1. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 2. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 3. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.29

PHILIPPINES Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

0.2 0.5 -0.0

0.9 1.3 -

1.0 1.8 -

1.0 6.4 -

2.2 6.2 -

5.0 9.1 -3.1 -0.1

8.5 16.8 -5.2 0.3

9.0 18.7 -4.7 1.0

14.2 9.6 -

8.8 10.5 -

11.6

9.3

14.9

11.9

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

0.7

2.2

2.7

7.4

8.3

10.9

20.4

24.0

Statistical differences

-0.2

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.5

Total transformation

-0.2

-0.9

-1.3

-6.0

-6.5

-8.0

-16.0

-19.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-0.1

-0.7

-1.1

-5.9

-6.4

-7.9

-15.8

-19.0

26.4

12.8

-0.1 -

-0.7 -

-1.1 -

-5.9 -

-6.4 -

-7.9 -

-15.8 -

-19.0 -

26.4 -

12.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

1.7 1.7 -

-0.4 -0.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.3

0.9

1.2

1.1

1.6

2.7

4.1

4.4

10.9

6.2

0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.9 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.0

1.2 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.0

1.1 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.0

1.6 0.1 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0

2.7 0.2 0.0 2.3 0.1 0.1

4.1 0.5 0.0 2.9 0.1 0.5

4.4 0.4 0.0 3.3 0.1 0.5

11.1 -2.0 18.7 -

6.2 4.3 -3.6 6.2 10.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity gen. - TWh

0.2

1.9

2.1

16.7

15.3

23.3

43.3

46.8

26.7

12.5

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

PHILIPPINES Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

20

1364

7245

7766

11181

7900

19944

22010

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

20 20 -

1364 550 1 14

7245 1911 -

7766 646 -

11181 68 1

7894 552 -

19694 2512 -

21974 3886 -

-

x x -

358 238 x x 203 -

1798 3536 x -

1332 5193 x 583 12

1 11111 x -

22 7230 x 70 20

16843 x 339 -

17622 x 466 -

x -

-

-

-

-

-

6

250

36

-

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.31

ROMANIA Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

11.6 6.4 -

11.8 6.6 -0.3

11.3 4.4 -0.3 0.1

8.0 2.7 -0.0 -0.1

8.3 4.2 -0.0 0.1

8.4 1.8 -0.1 -0.2

6.1 1.5 -0.0 0.0

Primary supply

17.9

18.1

15.4

10.7

12.5

9.9

Statistical differences

-0.3

0.2

-0.3

-0.2

0.3

0.1

Total transformation

-9.6

-13.8

-12.9

-9.2

-10.6

-8.9

-6.7

-6.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

6.4 1.4 -0.0 -0.1

0.2 0.3 -

-2.3 -5.5 -

7.6

7.7

0.1

-3.1

0.2

-0.0 3.7

-2.6

-6.7

-11.3

-10.9

-8.0

-9.1

-8.4

-6.3

-6.4

5.3

-2.0

-6.7 -

-9.2 -2.0

-10.7 -0.2

-7.7 -0.3

-8.5 -0.6

-7.7 -0.6

-6.2 -0.1

-6.4 -0.0

3.2 -

-1.3 -13.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.9 -0.5 -2.6 -0.1 0.4

-2.6 -0.2 -2.1 -0.3 0.1

-1.9 -1.4 -0.5 -

-1.2 -0.9 -0.4 -

-1.5 -1.3 -0.2 -

-0.5 -0.5 -0.0 -

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.3 -0.3 -

-1.3 -6.9 -2.2 9.3 -9.4

-7.4 -6.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-6.2

-5.9

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-0.1

-0.2

-0.4

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

Losses Final consumption5

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

8.1

4.3

1.9

1.1

1.7

1.0

0.9

0.8

4.9 3.8 1.1

3.0 2.3 0.2 0.1 0.3

1.8 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.6 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

1.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.8 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0

-

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

3.2 0.5 2.6 -

1.3 0.8 0.4 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

21.2

18.5

20.8

19.3

22.1

20.7

16.0

16.9

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

-4.9 -4.9 -4.8 -4.8 -5.6 -0.4 -11.1 -11.2 -

-

-8.6 -10.4 4.9 -10.0 -16.4 -11.4 -1.4

-0.3

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

ROMANIA Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

4669

4981

2522

2980

1150

538

1011

1728

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3600 675 673 -

3600 1200 12 100 1188 -

2370 62 678 -

1577 547 -

233 233 -

10 -

10 -

8 -

-

2252 x x -

400 700 x x -

x 1630 -

x 1030 -

x -

x 10

x 10

x 8

x -

1069 -

1381 33 16 11 -

152 -

1140 230 -

764 -

331 27 9 2

788 9 52 4

1718 1 22 6

-

1069 x x -

1321 x x -

69 x 32 51 -

x 832 78 -

16 37 x 448 194 69

40 x 241 11 1

110 x 600 2 11

1 81 x 689 26 892

x -

-

-

-

263

153

197

213

2

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.33

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

x x x x

274.8 50.1 -57.7 5.8

186.7 20.0 -26.8 4.7

183.6 22.0 -36.4 2.2

224.9 19.5 -79.7 -3.9

237.7 e 21.9 e -122.8 8.2 e

298.8 e 20.0 e -155.8 -1.2

317.5 e 24.6 e -172.3 -7.5

-

0.5 -2.6 4.1

Primary supply

x

273.0

184.6

171.4

160.8

144.9

161.8

162.3

-

-1.9

Statistical differences

x

5.9

5.6

-4.1

-3.8

6.9

-7.5

-10.4

Total transformation

x

-181.7 e

-145.4 e

-139.2 e

-137.3 e

-128.3 e

-111.5 e

-111.2 e

-

-1.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

x

-149.9

-115.6

-114.1

-109.8

-101.2

-86.9

-85.1

-

-2.1

x x

-124.2 -25.7

-88.1 -27.5

-80.6 -33.5

-74.6 -35.2

-71.3 -29.9

-64.7 -22.2

-61.9 -23.2

-

-2.5 -0.4

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x x x x x

-31.8 e -1.5 -19.4 e -10.9 -

-29.8 e -0.6 -18.9 e -10.3 -

-25.1 e -0.0 -15.3 e -9.8 -

-27.5 e -0.0 -16.7 e -10.8 -

-27.1 e -0.0 -20.3 e -6.8 e 0.0

-24.6 e -0.0 -11.1 e -13.5 -

-26.1 e -0.0 -11.7 e -14.4 e -

-0.7 - -21.4 -1.9 1.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.1

Energy ind. own use

x

-0.8

-0.7

-0.8

-0.8

-3.2

-2.9

-2.3

Losses Final consumption5

x

-18.3

-9.4

-1.6

-

-

-

-

x

78.2

34.7

25.7

18.9

20.4

39.9

38.4

-

-2.6

x x x x x x

20.8 15.1 e 0.6 0.5 4.6

17.5 13.0 e 0.5 0.9 3.1

10.4 6.6 e 0.1 0.8 2.9

14.1 11.6 e 0.3 1.6 0.1 0.5

35.1 33.1 e 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.4

34.5 32.7 e 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.3

-

1.9 2.9 -3.2 3.6 -9.1

Transport8

x

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

x x x x x

57.4 29.4 17.0 11.0 -

17.2 1.2 11.7 4.3 -

14.2 0.6 12.8 0.9 1.1

8.1 3.8 4.0 0.2 1.0

5.9 3.5 2.2 0.1 0.4

4.5 1.8 2.7 0.1 0.3

3.7 1.4 2.2 0.1 0.2

Electricity gen. - TWh

x

157.0

160.5

175.6

165.5

166.1

171.4

174.6

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

9.8 7.6 e 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.2

-9.7 - -10.7 -7.3 - -16.9 -

0.4

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Coking coal exports by destination 19781

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD2

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

31573 10503 608 1532 463 177 480 131 5482 1200 337 93 -

6704 1504 91 132 462 736 72 11 -

9981 4190 31 94 157 219 234 2454 626 223 35 117

16338 7853 315 7 59 143 793 31 47 42 414 2094 1258 494 98 19 107 512 1420

7184 2923 38 147 73 24 45 559 1470 101 14 1 216 83 152

21743 10077 72 68 144 127 361 16 9 117 92 3038 4293 4 450 52 89 20 461 188 476

45510 18707 4 26 28 239 82 116 586 148 106 74 5894 7785 884 146 392 26 982 266 923

26422 10880 9 12 32 130 22 72 237 208 22 66 2680 5351 490 305 104 14 458 145 523

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

21070 156 500 19964 150 300 -

5200 174 1525 1337 2164 -

5791 72 729 160 4606 16 7 48 153

8485 77 23 2528 9 47 13 116 5579 93 -

4261 5 1972 32 155 16 1889 144 48 -

11666 94 2757 7 238 62 191 120 7218 878 96 5 -

26803 448 10476 32 410 104 474 726 12318 24 1619 142 24 6 -

15542 73 3971 27 320 161 206 485 8933 10 1134 99 123 -

Non-specified/other4

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 2. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 3. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.35

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Steam coal1 exports by destination 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

24478 10973 234 1142 1905 777 157 324 609 2845 32 97 54 285 573 530 499 910

29738 25972 788 1295 2449 282 928 320 87 1092 7041 2565 209 13 14 1340 271 5063 480 1735

76020 57869 9 2739 453 117 827 4790 367 7333 125 132 799 8119 2446 1400 2042 3657 453 6509 12412 52 3088

114244 89018 60 4452 286 431 1287 3988 2404 6875 412 407 962 1109 11839 9970 8773 173 9610 45 698 871 12079 10360 1927

66395 47353 1 1120 20 999 526 3089 130 1 788 962 5865 8122 4140 39 1874 1428 180 4240 12584 1245

144093 100111 9 1227 94 90 1238 1782 2719 8160 188 1 2374 1769 15505 20312 137 8746 29 5217 2374 387 11016 10953 54 5730

316528 219080 24 1650 150 162 1908 3870 5995 18890 492 8 5902 4521 28956 38440 2 20782 94 15136 438 7752 708 26436 24070 12694

172625 115759 49 698 160 223 1411 2355 2360 13598 266 3 2328 2279 15423 20061 11489 142 12956 71 2612 236 11387 8797 49 6806

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

13505 6722 6783 -

3766 364 72 61 36 5 2175 1053 -

17855 538 1765 1002 49 56 806 1286 2235 30 8828 1214 46

25157 379 888 10197 10 314 1448 476 1519 9042 61 98 46 338 341

19042 172 356 7713 253 1034 502 147 2879 3202 133 1890 88 673 -

43892 1058 644 13173 938 2961 2577 273 7506 2708 497 9299 1356 892 10

97185 1934 1468 34750 2344 6508 6328 1864 16810 6233 574 14482 2174 1532 10 174

56866 1303 817 18547 1135 4002 3005 3269 8822 5273 325 6626 1008 2332 69 333

Non-specified/other4

x

-

-

296

69

-

90

263

-

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

IV.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SERBIA Coal balance1 (Mtce) 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

x x x x

14.5 -

12.6 0.1 -0.1 -

11.9 0.4 -0.0 -

10.7 1.0 -0.1 -0.1

10.3 1.1 -0.1 -0.2

10.3 0.9 -0.0 0.1

10.3 1.0 -0.0 -0.0

-

-1.3 -

Primary supply

x

14.5

12.6

12.3

11.5

11.2

11.3

11.2

-

-0.9

Statistical differences

x

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

0.4

-0.2

-0.1

-0.1

Total transformation

x

-13.2

-11.9

-10.5

-10.5

-9.7

-10.1

-10.2

-

-1.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

x

-12.9

-11.7

-10.3

-10.2

-9.3

-9.7

-9.8

-

-1.0

x x

-12.9 -

-11.7 -

-10.3 -

-9.9 -0.3

-9.0 -0.3

-9.5 -0.2

-9.6 -0.3

-

-1.1 -

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x x x x

-0.3 -0.3 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -

-0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -

-0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -

-0.3 0.0 -0.4 -

-

0.7 -

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

x

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

x

1.4

0.7

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.0

0.9

-

-1.5

x x x x x x

0.5 0.1 0.5

0.3 0.0 0.3

1.0 0.3 0.7

0.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1

0.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1

0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

-

-0.3 4.9 -6.9

Transport8

x

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

x x x x x

0.8 0.7 0.1 -

0.4 0.4 0.1 -

0.8 0.6 0.2 -

0.8 0.1 0.6 -

0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0

0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

Electricity gen. - TWh

x

28.3

21.7

21.4

23.4

25.1

27.3

26.6

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

-2.7 -2.6 - -21.8 -

-0.2

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.37

SOUTH AFRICA Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

95.4 -27.2 -

143.1 -48.0 -

168.6 0.4 -57.6 0.2

181.3 1.2 -67.0 1.3

197.7 2.0 -68.3 -

205.6 2.2 -64.3 -

206.5 0.6 -66.9 -

207.7 0.6 -68.0 -

4.1 5.8

1.4 1.3

68.1

95.1

111.6

116.8

131.3

143.6

140.2

140.3

3.4

1.5

3.6

6.7

-3.4

-0.0

2.4

-2.7

-2.1

-2.8

-44.7

-78.3

-85.7

-94.1

-93.4

-99.0

-96.4

-92.6

5.8

0.6

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-35.0

-51.7

-60.2

-68.3

-75.9

-87.5

-85.0

-81.3

4.0

1.7

-32.1 -2.9

-48.6 -3.2

-56.6 -3.5

-64.4 -4.0

-72.1 -3.7

-84.0 -3.5

-80.7 -4.3

-76.8 -4.5

4.2 0.9

1.7 1.3

-2.8

-3.2

-3.7

-3.3

-7.3

-1.4

-1.9

-1.9

1.4

-1.8

-3.8 -2.5 -1.3 -

-3.3 -1.7 -1.6 -

-2.0 -1.0 -1.0 -

-1.2 -0.7 -0.6 -

-2.0 -0.8 -1.1 -

-2.6 -1.3 -1.3 -

-2.1 -1.1 -1.0 -

-2.1 -1.1 -1.0 -

-1.4 -3.8 2.0 -

-1.7 -1.7 -1.7 -

Other transformation4

-3.1

-20.1

-19.9

-21.2

-8.3

-7.4

-7.4

-7.2

20.6

-3.7

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.0

-13.4

-20.4

-19.2

-18.7

-

30.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

27.0

23.4

22.4

22.8

26.9

21.4

22.6

26.2

-1.4

0.4

20.7 10.1 0.1 2.2 8.3

15.8 9.0 0.1 2.0 4.7

11.6 6.0 1.5 1.7 0.0 2.4

13.0 5.8 1.5 1.3 0.1 4.3

18.1 6.1 1.4 2.0 0.1 8.5

14.8 5.2 0.1 1.6 0.1 7.8

13.0 3.8 0.2 1.7 0.1 7.2

12.2 4.2 0.2 1.5 0.1 6.2

-2.7 -1.1 0.3 -1.2 -5.5

-1.0 -2.8 3.1 -1.0 1.0

Transport8

1.8

0.1

0.0

-

-

0.0

-

-

-28.0

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

3.3 1.1 2.1 0.1 1.2

3.5 1.3 2.1 0.0 4.0

4.1 1.4 2.4 0.3 6.8

2.2 0.7 1.4 0.1 7.5

6.8 2.3 4.5 0.0 2.0

4.8 1.4 2.8 0.6 1.9

7.4 2.3 4.6 0.6 2.2

12.4 3.8 7.6 0.9 1.7

0.5 1.8 -0.1 -6.0 13.1

4.8 4.0 4.9 11.7 -3.1

97.9

155.9

173.2

193.4

229.1

241.9

226.5

226.7

4.8

1.4

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption5 6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

SOUTH AFRICA Steam coal1 exports by destination 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

12689 12689 606 868 6643 1108 960 157 1861 309 3 114 26 34

45867 36477 6 4365 863 4512 1017 2583 4884 1427 5733 1304 2112 4667 1252 356 1396

67001 54371 2504 46 1721 5872 3979 269 5523 4173 1661 2385 41 7564 265 2112 8403 2547 4503 50 753

70917 60360 1757 2070 5340 8812 75 5329 4939 155 139 6527 1926 8642 1324 12144 135 1046

65562 23056 527 906 1323 1149 70 2826 3236 420 1956 1368 2723 5 321 2724 2080 744 678

35676 8987 40 265 166 81 150 40 1488 1653 153 927 173 953 2508 134 256 -

68905 14360 50 428 643 214 992 2768 2783 135 2970 158 1126 1651 116 247 79

70049 18938 52 321 609 1162 830 311 8319 1939 162 2807 1886 404 136

68155 12043 198 526 1291 871 296 5459 695 890 1597 118 43 59

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

-

9085 3217 5685 183 -

12283 1919 107 522 486 3636 1978 2488 356 201 554 36

10050 673 3587 2993 522 61 970 244 367 397 236

42506 1122 4226 162 23440 810 189 2566 2067 4727 1203 1994

26633 487 17322 2273 32 385 185 2478 2281 43 1147

54482 1025 84 53 33263 1983 144 675 254 5801 8412 34 346 2408

50982 951 101 28869 598 2531 908 5542 9891 59 1532

8427 138 8289 -

Non-specified/other4

-

305

347

507

-

56

63

129

47685

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.39

CHINESE TAIPEI Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

2.3 4.5 -0.0 -1.2

0.4 17.5 -0.0 -1.7

0.2 27.2 -2.6

0.1 41.4 -0.0 1.2

55.2 -0.0 -0.7

58.0 -0.1 0.1

58.0 -0.0 0.1

59.9 -0.0 -0.6

-15.6 14.7 -

4.7 -

Primary supply

5.5

16.2

24.7

42.7

54.5

58.1

58.1

59.3

11.3

4.9

Statistical differences

0.0

-0.1

-0.8

-1.7

-0.4

-1.1

-0.4

-0.0

-2.4

-10.2

-17.5

-32.8

-44.4

-45.0

-43.7

-46.4

15.6

5.8

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-2.2

-8.4

-15.5

-29.8

-41.4

-41.8

-38.4

-41.1

14.3

6.0

-2.2 -

-7.3 -1.2

-12.6 -2.9

-22.7 -7.1

-31.5 -9.9

-32.1 -9.7

-29.6 -8.9

-32.1 -9.0

12.6 -

5.6 7.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.2 -0.2 -

-1.8 -1.6 -0.2 -

-1.9 -1.8 -0.1 -

-3.0 -2.7 -0.2 -

-3.0 -2.9 -0.1 -

-3.2 -3.2 -0.0 -

-5.2 -4.2 -1.0 -

-5.2 -4.0 -1.2 -

25.9 2.4 -

4.0 3.5 6.3 -

Other transformation4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.7

-0.8

-1.1

-1.1

-1.3

-1.7

-1.6

37.5

3.0

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

3.1

5.1

5.7

7.1

8.5

10.6

12.2

11.2

5.0

2.9

3.0 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.2

4.9 1.0 1.0 2.5 0.3 0.1

5.4 1.1 1.4 2.4 0.4 0.2

6.8 1.8 2.7 2.0 0.3 0.2

8.2 1.8 3.4 2.3 0.4 0.3

10.2 2.2 5.1 2.0 0.4 0.6

11.8 2.2 6.2 2.0 0.6 0.9

10.8 2.2 5.4 1.8 0.6 0.8

5.0 -1.8 16.1 7.4 11.4 -8.8

3.0 2.8 6.5 -1.3 2.9 9.1

Transport8

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

0.0 0.0 0.2

0.3

0.0 0.0 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

-23.3 -22.5 -

2.6

Electricity gen. - TWh

6.0

24.5

51.0

88.9

124.9

126.0

122.5

125.9

15.2

6.3

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption5 6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

CHINESE TAIPEI Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

1386

18468

45503

60370

63951

33361

65627

67591

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1386 918 263 205 -

4237 2749 1050 438 -

6093 3524 1232 -

5211 4778 136 47 -

8490 7390 831 227 -

3389 3064 325 -

6581 5698 883 -

6599 5073 1526 -

-

x x -

x x -

x 1337 -

3 112 x 17 118

x 42 -

x -

x -

x -

x -

-

14231 3800 3677 -

39410 12474 514 1290

55159 15342 261 21

55461 21441 9

29972 11085 -

59046 19619 -

60992 17470 908 -

-

x x -

529 625 5600 x x -

8371 13740 2873 x 78 70

18942 18430 329 x 1226 133 475

4181 2099 23361 2748 x 1530 50 42

187 14002 463 x 3708 14 513

832 65 19233 906 x 5563 47 12781

443 759 17414 2967 x 8321 40 12670

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.41

THAILAND Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

0.6 0.1 -0.0 -

5.1 0.3 0.0

7.6 2.2 0.0

7.3 3.7 -0.1

8.6 7.7 0.1

7.6 15.3 -0.0 0.5

6.2 20.4 -0.0 -4.5

5.9 21.1 -0.0 -3.5

24.2 13.2 -

0.5 17.1 -

23.3

5.5

21.8

4.7

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

0.7

5.5

9.8

11.0

16.4

23.4

22.0

23.4

Statistical differences

-0.0

0.1

0.4

0.1

0.2

-0.3

-0.0

-0.0

Total transformation

-0.5

-3.7

-5.1

-6.0

-7.0

-9.9

-13.4

-12.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-0.5

-3.6

-5.0

-5.9

-6.9

-9.9

-13.3

-12.7

21.7

4.7

-0.5 -

-3.6 -

-5.0 -

-5.2 -0.7

-6.1 -0.8

-9.2 -0.7

-11.2 -2.1

-10.8 -1.9

21.7 -

4.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1

1.9

5.2

5.1

9.6

13.2

8.7

10.7

30.2

6.7

0.1 0.0 0.1

1.9 0.0 1.2 0.6

5.2 0.1 3.8 1.3

5.1 0.0 4.0 1.0

9.6 0.0 7.7 1.9

13.2 0.2 10.9 2.0

8.7 0.0 0.0 7.3 0.0 1.3

10.7 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 1.6

30.2 94.7 16.9

6.7 7.7 3.6

Transport8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.4

11.1

14.8

17.8

20.5

30.0

36.9

35.6

22.9

4.4

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

THAILAND Total coal imports by origin1

3

Total coal

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

52

250

2558

7989

16758

12522

22636

23455

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x x -

x x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

x -

52 52 -

250 -

2558 136 -

7989 1

16758 2488 1 3

12522 1894 2 -

22581 7965 4 4 15

23262 8544 9 253 18

-

x x -

125 125 x x -

66 2356 x -

20 6344 x 460 1164

9 144 12491 436 x 150 1036

6 10364 x 38 218

49 349 13342 x 634 61 158

392 12093 x 1605 159 189

x -

-

-

-

-

-

-

55

193

-

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.43

UKRAINE Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

x x x x

124.0 15.1 -21.3 0.8

61.1 13.5 -1.8 -

51.9 5.8 -2.6 -

49.5 6.5 -2.7 -0.0

48.2 11.1 -6.9 2.2

28.8 15.2 -0.7 -0.8

19.6 18.6 -0.8 -0.5

-

-6.6 0.8 -11.4

Primary supply

x

118.7

72.9

55.1

53.3

54.6

42.5

36.8

-

-4.2

Statistical differences

x

-4.3

-0.8

-0.3

-0.6

-0.0

-0.2

0.0

Total transformation

x

-72.5

-50.4

-37.8

-33.8

-39.8

-31.2

-27.9

-

-3.5

(Mtce)

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

x

-50.7

-33.1

-20.8

-20.4

-29.1

-26.0

-21.2

-

-3.2

x x

-48.9 -1.8

-31.7 -1.4

-19.8 -1.1

-17.9 -2.4

-27.4 -1.7

-24.5 -1.5

-19.7 -1.5

-

-3.3 -0.7

x

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-

-

x x x x x

-21.8 2.9 -12.6 -12.4 0.4

-17.3 0.7 -6.4 -11.3 -0.3

-17.0 0.3 -6.4 -10.7 -0.1

-13.4 0.1 -5.1 -7.1 -1.2

-10.6 -0.0 -6.0 -4.6 -

-5.0 -0.0 -5.2 0.3 -

-6.5 0.1 -4.2 -2.3 -0.1

-4.4 - -13.0 -4.0 -6.0 -

x

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-

-

Energy ind. own use

x

-5.3

-3.5

-2.7

-3.0

-2.6

-1.4

-0.7

-

-7.2

Losses Final consumption5

x

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.8

-0.7

-0.7

x

36.6

18.2

14.2

15.8

11.4

9.0

7.5

-

-5.7

x x x x x x

25.7 15.6 0.3 0.0 9.8

11.3 8.4 0.0 2.9

10.4 8.1 0.0 2.3

11.9 10.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.6

9.7 8.5 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.3

7.7 6.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.2

6.2 5.3 0.0 0.7 0.2

-5.1 -3.9 - -15.4 - 11.6 - -13.8

Transport8

x

0.1

-

-

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

x x x x x

10.8 7.9 2.9 -

6.9 6.4 0.5 -

3.8 3.7 0.1 -

2.0 0.6 1.4 1.8

1.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.7

0.6 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.7

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.8

- -10.5 - -10.6 - -18.8 -

Electricity gen. - TWh

x

114.0

70.2

51.5

50.0

69.8

61.2

49.3

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

-

-9.5

-3.1

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UKRAINE Total coal imports by origin1 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

Total coal

x

26754

6606

7303

12181

8595

15648

39556

-

Coking coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

x x x x x x x x x

19964 -

2759 595 -

6902 31 167 -

7777 2151 -

2881 477 354 79 1205 -

8109 725 842 346 1296 -

21870 1086 1816 36 556 4230 -

-

x x x x x x x x x x

19964 x x -

x 2164 -

x 6704 -

x 5579 47

x 766 -

x 4349 551 -

154 x 13216 776 -

x -

x x x x x x x x x

6722 -

3847 452 -

401 -

4404 33 -

5714 149 77 368 31

7539 165 514 -

17686 332 2586 -

-

x x x x x x x x x x

6722 x x -

x 2175 1220 -

11 x 390 -

x 4371 -

266 x 4402 416 5

771 x 6088 1

1428 x 13297 42 1

x -

x

68

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Steam coal5 Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union4 Russian Federation Other FSU Venezuela Viet Nam Non-specified/other Lignite

1. In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data reported 1. here may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal may be shown as coking coal to be consistent with data reported by 1. importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Total coal does not include peat or oil shale and oil sands. 4. For years prior to 1990. 5. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.45

UKRAINE Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 19781

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD2

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

8114 -

200 -

509 229 229

162 113 100 13 -

218 177 32 145

336 253 253

1120 494 12 16 466

46 37 27 1 9

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

8114 8114 -

200 200 -

280 280 -

49 49 -

39 6 16 2 12 3 -

83 82 1 -

626 626 -

Non-specified/other4

x

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

1 1

8

1. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 2. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 3. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

-

IV.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

UKRAINE Steam coal1 exports by destination 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

16577 -

2297 845 63 83 52 647 -

3157 552 13 11 154 7 5 2 13 52 82 8 5 10 5 40 79 66

5918 2951 1 598 181 36 12 30 2 230 399 4 313 3 1083 38 21

-

184 156 23 125 8

152 109 48 11 48 2

64 4 0 0 0 3 0 0

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

16577 16577 -

1452 1452 -

2605 16 2315 192 10 72 -

2967 166 2592 194 15 -

-

28 4 13 11 -

24 8 16 -

60 0 60 -

Non-specified/other4

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

19

-

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.47

BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 0.2 -

2.3 0.3 -1.9 -

4.2 -4.4 0.2

8.2 -8.3 0.2

7.5 -7.4 -

2.8 -2.6 -

0.8 -0.6 -

0.8 -0.6 -

48.5 4.9 -

-3.8 -4.1

Primary supply

0.2

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.2

11.4

-4.7

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.1

-

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.1 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.1 5.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.2

13.9

-3.7

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.5 0.2 0.3 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.3 0.3 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.2 -

13.9 5.4 23.0 -

-3.7 -2.4 -

Transport8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity gen. - TWh

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA Steam coal1 exports by destination 19782

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

33 -

1834 1746 1 33 148 560 140 19 5 53 375 169 238 5

7722 7227 589 441 476 71 1067 112 766 378 180 35 218 2726 168

7141 6374 135 583 441 391 452 88 49 48 4139 48

3889 2413 3 52 93 227 86 210 408 55 112 299 43 825 -

377 110 44 34 32 -

580 123 44 36 43

598 388 220 168

592 32 31 1 -

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East

33 33 -

88 88 -

495 79 416 -

709 460 249 -

1476 972 504 -

266 125 141 -

457 248 209 -

210 84 126 -

-

-

-

-

58

-

1

-

-

Non-specified/other4

560

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.49

VIET NAM Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

4.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.4

3.7 0.0 -0.6 0.1

6.7 0.0 -2.3 0.3

9.3 -2.6 -0.4

27.1 0.5 -14.4 -1.5

35.9 0.8 -15.9 0.1

31.0 10.2 -1.0 0.5

30.6 11.2 -1.8 0.3

-1.1 2.1

8.1 27.9 4.0

3.2

3.2

4.7

6.2

11.8

20.9

40.7

40.3

-0.2

9.9

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

-0.0

0.0

-1.1

-1.3

-1.0

-1.6

-4.3

-6.9

-21.0

-19.2

1.6

10.6

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-1.1

-1.3

-1.0

-1.6

-4.3

-6.9

-21.0

-19.2

1.6

10.6

-1.1 -

-1.3 -

-1.0 -

-1.6 -

-3.8 -0.4

-6.7 -0.2

-20.1 -0.8

-18.4 -0.8

1.6 -

10.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses Final consumption5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.2

1.9

3.7

4.6

7.5

14.0

19.8

21.1

-1.3

9.3

1.3 0.0 1.3

1.5 0.0 1.5

2.8 0.0 2.8

3.3 3.3

5.7 5.7

11.8 0.5 0.3 6.5 0.5 4.0

17.3 0.7 0.2 9.1 0.9 6.5

17.7 0.6 0.2 9.2 1.0 6.6

0.9 0.9

9.7 18.0 5.7

Transport8

0.1

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-13.9

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

0.7 0.5 0.3 -

0.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 -

0.9 0.2 0.6 0.1 -

1.3 0.4 0.8 0.0 -

1.9 0.5 1.4 0.0 -

2.3 0.5 1.7 0.0 -

2.5 0.7 1.8 0.0 -

3.4 0.8 2.6 0.0 -

-5.6 -4.8 -9.6 -

8.1 13.2 8.4 -5.8 -

Electricity gen. - TWh

1.4

2.0

2.0

3.1

12.2

19.7

68.2

67.6

3.5

13.9

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

VIET NAM Steam coal1 exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018p

1430 -

745 450 150 300 -

3526 3203 240 100 52 2227 516 20 48 -

17987 6062 192 155 4848 854 13 -

19747 3401 52 1604 1745 -

1041 358 189 169 -

1060 438 393 45 -

2033 1064 872 192 -

2396 744 281 461 2

-

295 100 195 -

323 88 27 52 156 -

11925 388 10532 118 887 -

15946 15626 57 35 228 -

509 326 11 8 164 -

622 346 31 41 204 -

773 16 154 57 546 -

1430

-

-

-

400

174

-

196

Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Chinese Taipei Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other non-OECD Americas Other Middle East Non-specified/other4

1652

1. Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. 2. Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. 3. Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. 4. The category Non-specified/other may include some of the countries listed in this table for the year 2018p.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

World OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD3

19782

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.51

AFRICA Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

99.9 1.5 -27.8 0.1

149.8 4.4 -48.4 0.1

174.6 5.1 -58.3 0.8

187.0 8.7 -68.1 1.3

202.5 10.8 -69.4 0.1

209.5 10.0 -64.9 -0.0

216.0 11.2 -75.7 3.7

224.5 11.6 -79.4 -0.1

4.1 11.2 5.7

1.5 3.6 1.9

73.8

105.9

122.1

128.9

144.0

154.6

155.1

156.5

3.7

1.5

3.7

6.5

-3.4

0.1

2.6

-3.0

-2.0

-2.8

-46.7

-83.7

-92.6

-101.7

-103.1

-106.8

-107.4

-104.3

6.0

0.8

(Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-36.2

-55.9

-65.8

-74.5

-84.0

-94.8

-95.7

-92.5

4.4

1.9

-33.3 -2.9

-52.6 -3.3

-62.1 -3.7

-70.2 -4.3

-79.8 -4.2

-90.7 -4.1

-90.5 -5.1

-87.2 -5.3

4.7 1.2

1.9 1.8

-2.8

-3.2

-3.7

-3.3

-7.3

-1.4

-1.9

-1.9

1.5

-1.8

-4.6 -3.0 -1.6 -

-4.5 -2.6 -2.0 -

-3.2 -1.8 -1.4 -

-2.7 -0.0 -1.6 -1.1 -

-3.5 -0.0 -1.8 -1.7 -

-3.2 -0.0 -1.8 -1.4 -

-2.4 -0.0 -1.3 -1.1 -

-2.6 -0.0 -1.4 -1.2 -

-0.3 -1.6 1.8 -

-2.1 -2.2 -1.9 -

Other transformation4

-3.1

-20.1

-19.9

-21.2

-8.3

-7.4

-7.4

-7.2

20.6

-3.7

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-13.5

-20.4

-19.3

-18.8

1.0

23.2

Losses Final consumption5

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.1

-

-0.1

30.7

28.5

26.1

27.2

29.9

24.3

26.5

30.5

-0.7

0.3

23.5 10.7 0.1 2.5 10.1

20.0 10.6 0.1 2.2 7.2

14.5 7.4 1.5 1.8 0.0 3.7

16.5 7.0 1.5 1.5 0.1 6.4

20.7 7.3 1.4 2.3 0.1 9.7

17.0 5.7 0.2 2.2 0.1 8.8

16.8 4.2 0.2 3.4 0.1 9.0

16.4 4.6 0.2 3.2 0.1 8.3

-1.6 -0.1 -5.8 -1.6 -3.4

-0.7 -3.0 3.2 1.4 0.5

Transport8

2.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-18.4

-11.6

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

4.0 1.3 2.3 0.4 1.2

4.2 1.6 2.3 0.4 4.0

4.8 1.7 2.4 0.7 6.8

3.2 1.0 1.5 0.7 7.5

7.1 2.4 4.5 0.3 2.0

5.4 1.6 2.8 1.0 1.9

7.5 2.3 4.6 0.6 2.2

12.4 3.8 7.7 1.0 1.7

0.7 2.0 -0.1 0.4 13.1

4.1 3.3 4.6 3.3 -3.1

100.4

164.4

186.1

208.7

249.6

259.4

252.0

253.6

5.1

1.6

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NON-OECD ASIA EXCLUDING CHINA Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

115.5 7.2 -0.8 -7.1

195.5 32.1 -5.3 -8.1

248.7 49.0 -29.3 -5.4

298.9 77.7 -51.8 2.5

449.7 120.4 -129.3 -8.4

667.7 208.8 -262.4 -5.2

852.9 306.6 -348.3 -10.5

873.3 335.8 -348.7 -0.3

5.4 16.1 21.3

5.7 9.1 16.7

Primary supply

114.9

214.1

263.0

327.3

432.4

609.0

800.6

860.2

6.4

5.3

0.2

0.5

-1.8

-2.3

-3.6

-13.5

-11.6

-22.2

-39.3

-107.1

-159.2

-224.8

-292.6

-389.6

-564.3

-599.4

10.6

6.6

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-31.8

-95.1

-146.7

-210.9

-275.5

-371.4

-533.6

-565.7

11.6

6.8

-30.5 -1.3

-89.3 -5.7

-136.8 -9.8

-189.7 -21.2

-241.6 -33.8

-319.3 -52.0

-451.8 -81.8

-490.5 -75.2

11.4 16.0

6.5 10.0

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-7.5 -0.1 -6.9 -0.5 0.0

-12.0 -0.3 -9.2 -2.6 0.0

-12.5 -0.3 -8.7 -3.6 -

-13.9 -0.2 -11.7 -1.9 -

-17.1 -0.2 -11.7 -5.2 -

-18.2 -0.3 -15.1 -2.8 -

-30.7 -0.2 -23.7 -6.8 -

-33.7 -0.2 -24.3 -9.2 -

4.8 7.9 3.0 17.7 -

3.9 -0.7 3.6 4.8 -

Other transformation4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.9

-2.9

-3.0

-2.6

-2.8

-2.8

-3.9

-4.0

12.0

1.2

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.5

74.9

104.6

99.0

97.5

133.3

202.9

220.4

234.0

3.4

3.0

51.3 11.2 2.0 6.9 1.3 29.9

80.4 15.3 4.6 15.4 2.1 43.0

77.7 17.1 5.9 19.3 2.6 32.7

80.2 16.1 6.3 24.2 2.8 30.9

113.8 24.0 5.9 34.3 3.3 46.4

178.6 47.1 8.3 49.8 4.8 68.6

197.8 74.0 8.2 57.2 5.2 53.0

210.7 78.3 7.6 66.0 5.3 53.5

4.6 3.2 8.8 8.3 4.7 3.7

3.6 6.2 1.9 5.6 3.5 0.8

7.2

3.2

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-7.7

-15.3

Non-energy use

16.4 4.0 3.4 8.9 0.0

20.8 4.8 4.5 11.5 0.2

20.8 5.3 4.5 11.0 0.3

17.0 4.2 4.6 8.3 0.2

19.1 4.1 5.1 9.9 0.3

23.8 5.0 6.0 12.8 0.4

22.3 6.9 6.2 9.2 0.4

22.8 7.1 7.0 8.8 0.4

2.4 1.8 2.8 2.6 42.7

0.3 1.5 1.6 -1.0 2.6

Electricity gen. - TWh

80.7

258.1

395.5

570.1

736.6

981.9

1585.1

1672.1

12.3

7.2

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption5 6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.53

EUROPEAN UNION - 28 Coal balance1 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

527.1 172.4 -58.4 7.5

399.7 163.3 -51.1 9.4

306.6 179.6 -39.7 12.3

280.3 212.8 -33.8 -4.8

235.8 187.2 -30.3 11.7

189.6 164.8 -24.6 16.2

186.6 164.8 -21.5 4.7

-

-3.8 -0.2 -3.6

Primary supply

..

648.5

521.4

458.8

454.5

404.4

346.0

334.6

-

-2.4

Statistical differences

..

-11.9

-2.1

0.3

0.4

-2.1

-2.8

-0.4

Total transformation

..

-448.1

-395.8

-372.8

-379.4

-332.7

-283.4

-273.9

-

-1.8

(Mtce)

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

..

-408.2

-357.8

-336.8

-347.9

-302.8

-252.5

-242.8

-

-1.9

.. ..

-355.6 -52.6

-326.2 -31.7

-317.0 -19.8

-329.3 -18.6

-287.7 -15.0

-240.4 -12.1

-231.0 -11.8

-

-1.6 -5.4

..

2.4

0.5

0.1

-0.2

-0.4

-0.5

-0.3

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-42.0 -1.7 -33.2 -7.9 0.8

-37.9 -1.5 -29.3 -7.3 0.2

-35.3 -0.2 -29.2 -6.1 0.2

-30.4 -0.1 -27.0 -3.2 0.0

-28.2 0.1 -24.4 -3.9 0.1

-28.5 -0.1 -25.1 -3.3 0.0

-28.5 0.2 -25.2 -3.5 -0.0

-

-1.4 -1.0 -3.0 -

Other transformation4

..

-0.3

-0.6

-0.7

-0.9

-1.3

-1.8

-2.3

-

8.4

Energy ind. own use

..

-15.3

-13.8

-11.9

-11.0

-9.7

-8.2

-8.3

-

-2.3

Losses Final consumption5

..

-1.4

-1.5

-1.1

-1.8

-1.6

-1.5

-1.3

..

171.9

108.1

73.4

62.7

58.2

50.1

50.7

-

-4.4

.. .. .. .. .. ..

96.7 39.3 11.1 17.9 3.8 24.6

69.6 31.6 7.6 14.0 3.1 13.3

52.8 25.1 4.4 11.2 2.3 9.9

42.9 23.0 3.9 8.2 2.1 5.7

34.3 17.1 4.0 7.4 1.6 4.1

30.9 15.1 4.3 6.2 1.5 3.8

31.8 15.8 4.5 6.1 1.5 3.9

-

-4.0 -3.3 -3.3 -3.9 -3.5 -6.6

Transport8

..

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-10.1

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

.. .. .. .. ..

72.3 19.6 48.0 4.7 2.5

36.9 6.3 27.1 3.5 1.5

18.8 2.6 14.3 2.0 1.8

17.5 1.7 14.1 1.7 2.3

21.7 2.3 17.3 2.0 2.2

16.5 1.3 13.6 1.6 2.6

16.4 1.3 13.5 1.6 2.5

-

-5.4 -9.6 -4.6 -3.9 0.0

Electricity gen. - TWh

..

1050.3

972.1

967.8

996.1

863.6

737.6

709.6

-

-1.4

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NON-OECD AMERICAS Coal balance1 (Mtce) 1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

7.8 6.8 -1.4 -0.2

25.2 13.2 -14.6 -3.1

31.3 15.9 -21.5 -1.4

47.7 17.1 -41.6 1.7

66.0 19.5 -57.5 -1.3

75.0 21.9 -67.2 0.5

88.9 25.4 -79.4 3.7

88.0 26.8 -98.1 19.1

12.4 6.9 26.5

4.7 2.6 7.3

Primary supply

13.0

20.7

24.2

24.9

26.7

30.3

38.6

35.7

4.8

2.0

1.3

0.4

0.1

1.1

0.1

-0.2

-0.9

-0.4

-6.3

-9.8

-11.2

-11.2

-12.6

-13.8

-19.3

-17.2

4.6

2.1

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2 Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation4

-2.5

-4.1

-5.3

-6.5

-7.2

-8.8

-15.0

-12.4

5.4

4.2

-1.8 -0.6

-2.5 -1.6

-3.7 -1.6

-4.8 -1.7

-5.2 -2.0

-6.2 -2.6

-11.2 -3.8

-9.1 -3.3

3.3 9.8

4.9 2.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-3.8 -2.7 -1.2 -

-5.7 -4.0 -1.7 -

-6.0 -5.0 -1.0 -

-4.7 -4.8 0.1 -

-5.3 -5.7 0.3 -

-4.9 -5.5 0.5 -

-4.3 -4.7 0.4 -

-4.8 -5.2 0.5 -

4.1 4.3 3.5 -

-0.7 1.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.1

-1.6

Energy ind. own use

-1.0

-1.3

-1.4

-1.1

-1.1

-0.7

-0.5

-0.9

Losses Final consumption5

-1.4

-1.3

-1.8

-0.6

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.4

5.6

8.8

10.0

13.1

12.5

15.2

17.6

16.8

4.5

2.4

5.2 2.8 0.1 1.4 0.3 0.6

8.4 4.1 0.2 2.5 0.5 1.1

9.7 5.7 0.3 1.6 0.5 1.5

12.8 7.8 0.3 1.8 0.6 2.3

12.1 7.2 0.3 1.5 0.5 2.7

14.8 9.5 0.3 1.5 0.4 3.2

17.1 8.1 0.3 3.6 0.5 4.7

16.4 9.3 0.3 2.2 0.5 4.1

5.0 4.1 7.1 5.9 4.7 6.2

2.5 3.0 1.5 -0.4 0.3 5.0

Transport8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use

0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

-2.7 -1.9 -1.0

0.4 13.1 -2.7 1.3

Electricity gen. - TWh

5.9

9.2

11.9

15.9

18.7

22.3

42.5

38.1

4.6

5.4

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.55

NON-OECD EUROPE AND EURASIA Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

518.5 21.6 -21.4 -1.4

531.8 103.4 -120.1 6.7

337.7 45.7 -42.5 4.5

319.2 37.3 -61.1 2.8

364.8 38.9 -98.8 -3.3

393.7 42.9 -150.5 8.9

429.4 43.6 -173.5 -0.4

446.8 51.7 -192.3 -7.0

0.3 17.0 18.8

-0.6 -2.5 1.8

Primary supply

517.3

521.8

345.4

298.2

301.7

295.1

299.1

299.1

0.1

-2.0

28.4

1.0

4.5

-3.1

-3.7

9.9

-2.6

-9.7

-309.0

-337.0

-258.6

-236.7

-239.2

-236.3

-216.4

-212.4

0.9

-1.7

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-223.6

-280.4

-208.0

-189.9

-193.5

-194.5

-181.2

-174.1

2.3

-1.7

-211.2 -12.4

-249.2 -31.2

-177.6 -30.4

-154.4 -35.5

-154.6 -38.9

-161.5 -33.0

-156.7 -24.5

-148.7 -25.4

1.7 9.6

-1.9 -0.8

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-

-

-85.3 -0.5 -61.5 -23.8 0.4

-56.6 0.8 -34.2 -23.8 0.5

-50.6 -0.3 -27.3 -22.7 -0.3

-46.8 0.0 -23.8 -22.9 -0.2

-45.6 -0.0 -24.5 -19.8 -1.2

-41.6 -0.2 -28.3 -13.1 0.0

-34.9 -0.2 -18.6 -16.2 -

-38.1 0.0 -18.3 -19.7 -0.1

Other transformation4

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-12.9

-6.4

-4.9

-4.8

-5.3

-7.3

-5.4

-4.0

-6.8

-1.7

Losses Final consumption5

-6.3

-18.6

-9.6

-1.8

-1.5

-2.3

-0.8

-0.9

217.5

160.9

76.8

51.8

52.0

59.1

73.9

72.1

-3.0

-2.9

97.0 19.2 4.5 12.7 60.6

80.1 35.4 1.3 1.0 0.0 42.3

49.3 26.1 0.7 1.2 0.0 21.3

29.3 17.5 0.4 1.1 0.0 10.3

35.4 21.5 0.4 1.8 0.0 11.8

42.5 26.1 0.7 3.4 0.1 12.2

62.5 46.3 0.6 4.0 0.1 11.6

59.8 43.8 0.6 4.1 0.0 11.2

-1.9 6.3 -11.4 -22.2 -3.5

-1.1 0.8 -2.8 5.3 1.4 -4.8

8.7

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

-33.3

-6.8

Non-energy use

102.4 90.1 1.8 10.6 9.4

80.6 30.3 29.3 21.0 -

27.5 2.1 20.0 5.4 0.0

20.5 0.8 18.1 1.5 2.0

12.8 4.2 6.1 2.6 3.7

15.3 5.3 5.8 4.2 1.2

10.2 3.4 6.0 0.8 1.1

11.3 2.9 7.8 0.5 1.1

Electricity gen. - TWh

471.0

429.3

349.4

338.4

352.8

396.1

395.0

388.1

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

-4.0 -1.5 - -23.6 -5.7 -2.3 0.0 -0.7 3.3 -

-2.4 -7.0 -10.3 -8.3 32.4 -4.8 7.1 -12.8 -0.9

-0.4

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IV.56 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

NON-OECD TOTAL Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1186.6 39.4 -57.3 -1.5

1643.7 162.7 -205.7 28.6

1755.7 125.4 -186.5 -4.3

1873.2 149.5 -287.8 1.5

2837.3 221.8 -433.9 11.5

3807.7 436.4 -565.7 -19.1

4043.9 613.4 -694.4 101.3

4185.2 656.1 -733.5 48.7

3.3 15.2 13.6

3.5 5.3 4.8

Primary supply

1167.2

1629.4

1690.2

1736.5

2636.7

3659.3

4064.3

4156.6

3.4

3.5

8.6

-40.0

22.5

14.1

33.3

-67.4

19.9

-11.3

-513.9

-789.3

-926.9

-1106.0

-1590.7

-2127.8

-2630.2

-2743.8

4.4

4.7

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-382.8

-653.7

-782.2

-959.1

-1378.7

-1854.0

-2295.6

-2396.4

5.5

4.9

-365.0 -17.8

-610.9 -42.8

-735.0 -47.2

-893.6 -65.4

-1289.7 -89.0

-1735.0 -119.0

-2130.7 -164.9

-2236.2 -160.2

5.3 9.2

4.9 5.0

-3.3

-4.7

-4.3

-5.5

-10.6

-3.2

-12.5

-15.4

3.8

4.5

-124.8 -0.6 -88.6 -36.0 0.4

-110.8 0.6 -72.5 -39.4 0.6

-120.5 -0.6 -78.8 -40.8 -0.4

-120.2 -0.2 -77.5 -41.9 -0.6

-193.0 -0.2 -138.0 -50.2 -4.6

-261.3 -0.5 -189.8 -65.4 -5.7

-306.4 -0.4 -198.2 -103.8 -4.0

-313.2 -0.2 -199.5 -109.7 -3.8

-1.2 -2.0 0.9 3.0

3.9 3.8 3.9 -

Other transformation4

-3.1

-20.1

-19.9

-21.2

-8.4

-9.2

-15.8

-18.8

20.6

-0.2

Energy ind. own use

-19.6

-32.0

-49.1

-59.2

-78.1

-139.5

-89.5

-92.0

5.0

4.0

Losses Final consumption5

-8.0

-20.2

-11.7

-2.9

-2.5

-3.3

-1.5

-1.9

634.2

747.9

724.9

582.5

998.8

1321.4

1362.9

1307.6

1.7

2.1

365.8 91.5 48.8 56.1 7.1 162.4

433.3 98.3 37.8 91.5 12.6 193.2

494.4 119.7 68.9 119.8 17.2 168.8

408.7 116.2 49.0 102.5 14.0 126.8

782.7 191.5 101.1 213.8 21.4 254.8

1088.8 321.8 126.3 281.5 28.4 330.8

1094.5 395.7 155.7 289.3 17.5 236.3

1048.6 396.7 141.2 283.9 17.0 209.9

1.7 0.7 -2.5 5.0 5.9 1.7

3.3 5.3 5.0 4.3 1.1 0.3

28.5

13.0

4.5

0.7

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-7.6

-17.5

Non-energy use

229.1 98.6 88.8 41.6 10.8

269.7 49.9 153.2 66.6 31.8

199.3 21.7 127.4 50.2 26.8

145.0 17.9 90.8 36.3 28.0

177.9 31.0 93.7 53.3 38.1

185.8 35.8 86.7 63.3 46.6

192.3 41.2 87.5 63.6 76.0

190.7 39.9 91.2 59.6 68.2

1.6 -6.6 5.6 4.8 11.4

-1.3 -0.8 -1.9 -0.4 2.9

Electricity gen. - TWh

817.4

1330.8

1713.5

2212.8

3365.5

4923.5

6541.7

6861.1

5.0

6.3

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

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1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.57

WORLD Coal balance1 (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 2017 80-90 90-17

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

2570.9 275.7 -272.3 -27.7

3175.3 478.7 -490.0 8.1

3170.4 474.5 -484.2 -7.4

3254.9 583.7 -587.9 58.8

4282.5 738.5 -755.5 12.2

5232.8 960.8 -970.5 -4.4

5217.0 1132.1 -1160.3 156.2

5390.6 1178.7 -1216.6 61.5

2.1 5.7 6.1

2.0 3.4 3.4

Primary supply

2546.7

3172.1

3153.2

3309.5

4277.8

5218.7

5344.9

5414.2

2.2

2.0

-11.4

-34.2

48.6

31.3

7.7

-78.1

19.3

-5.8

-1473.5

-1983.2

-2171.0

-2480.7

-3002.3

-3472.6

-3739.2

-3833.9

3.0

2.5

Statistical differences Total transformation Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers 2

-1232.4

-1740.0

-1926.2

-2233.2

-2704.6

-3106.3

-3308.3

-3391.3

3.5

2.5

-1151.0 -81.4

-1626.0 -114.0

-1815.9 -110.4

-2114.5 -118.8

-2570.1 -134.5

-2938.5 -167.9

-3104.9 -203.4

-3196.7 -194.6

3.5 3.4

2.5 2.0

4.5

-5.3

-6.7

-8.3

-13.2

-6.4

-15.7

-18.5

-

4.8

-242.5 0.8 -168.6 -75.2 0.5

-217.6 -0.9 -151.7 -61.3 -3.6

-217.5 -1.8 -155.4 -59.6 -0.7

-217.3 -0.4 -159.0 -56.5 -1.4

-275.1 -0.5 -212.6 -64.5 2.5

-349.3 -0.4 -263.8 -79.5 -5.6

-397.5 -0.4 -273.1 -120.0 -4.0

-403.1 0.1 -273.9 -125.5 -3.8

-1.1 -1.0 -2.0 -

2.3 2.2 2.7 0.2

Other transformation4

-3.1

-20.3

-20.6

-21.9

-9.3

-10.6

-17.6

-21.0

20.7

0.1

Energy ind. own use

-47.4

-58.1

-72.4

-81.7

-99.1

-163.1

-111.8

-114.1

2.1

2.5

Losses Final consumption5

-10.4

-21.6

-13.3

-4.0

-4.3

-4.9

-3.1

-3.2

1004.1

1075.0

945.1

774.3

1179.8

1499.9

1510.2

1457.2

0.7

1.1

594.8 197.8 73.7 88.8 18.3 216.3

654.3 180.3 68.2 135.7 28.9 241.1

664.4 188.4 88.8 161.5 25.9 199.8

571.8 178.5 67.8 140.2 22.5 162.8

933.9 248.7 117.7 247.6 32.5 287.5

1227.7 376.4 143.4 311.2 38.4 358.4

1211.3 444.4 170.6 316.3 24.3 255.8

1168.0 447.7 154.9 310.5 23.2 231.7

1.0 -0.9 -0.8 4.3 4.7 1.1

2.2 3.4 3.1 3.1 -0.8 -0.1

32.2

13.4

4.6

0.9

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.1

-8.4

-16.9

362.9 127.3 180.1 55.5 14.1

371.3 73.6 218.6 79.1 36.1

246.0 30.0 162.2 53.8 30.1

170.5 22.1 110.0 38.4 31.1

203.9 36.2 112.1 55.6 41.5

221.5 46.2 109.9 65.4 50.3

218.6 48.8 104.6 65.2 80.2

216.7 47.6 107.9 61.2 72.3

0.2 -5.3 2.0 3.6 9.9

-2.0 -1.6 -2.6 -0.9 2.6

3136.8

4429.5

4992.4

5994.5

7321.7

8666.2

9587.1

9863.3

3.5

3.0

Autoproducers Gas works 3

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

6

Industry

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry 7 Transport8 Other Comm. and pub. services Residential Other sectors 9 Non-energy use Electricity gen. - TWh

4. Other transformation includes Liquefaction and Non-specified transformations. 5. Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (Industry, Transport and Other). 6. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. 7. Other industry includes Non-ferrous metals, Transport equipment, Machinery, Mining and quarrying, Food and tobacco, Wood and 7. wood products, Construction, Textile and leather, and Non-specified industry. 8. Transport includes Rail and Inland waterways. 9. Other sectors includes Agriculture/Forestry, Fishing and Non-specified other. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

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1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite) and derived 1. fuels (patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered 1. gases), as well as peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values 1. reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. 3. Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly cokes, briquettes, 3. coal tar and off-gases). Gas works and Liquefaction are shown separately to match the World Energy Balances.

IEA. All rights reserved.

 

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.59

COUNTRY NOTES AND SOURCES In the references below, both the statistical year (2017) for which data are being published in this edition, as well as publication dates of the many documents which have been consulted during the development of this publication are mentioned. As a general rule, where specific documents or personal communications have been used, the date that is referenced is the date of publication of the document or the date of the communication, whereas, where data received through the completion of questionnaires are mentioned, the date that is referenced is the statistical year for which data are being published in this edition, namely 2017. Data may not include all informal and/or illegal trade, production or consumption of energy products, although the IEA Secretariat makes efforts to estimate these where reliable information is available.

General references  Annual Bulletin of Coal Statistics for Europe, Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), New York, 1994.  Annual Bulletin of Electric Energy Statistics for Europe, Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), New York, 1994.  Annual Bulletin of Gas Statistics for Europe, Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), New York, 1994.  Annual Bulletin of General Energy Statistics for Europe, Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), New York, 1994.  Annual Crude Steel production, World Steel Association, www.worldsteel.org.

 Annual Report July 1991-June 1992, South African Development Community (SADC), Gaborone, 1993.  Annual Statistical Bulletin, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), Vienna, various editions up to 2019.  Annual Statistical Report, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), Kuwait, various editions up to 2018.  APEC Energy Database, Tokyo, 2019.  Arab Oil and Gas Directory, Arab Petroleum Research Centre, Paris, various editions up to 2018.  ASEAN Energy Review 1995 Edition, ASEAN-EC Energy Management Training and Research Centre (AEEMTRC), Jakarta, 1996.  Asia Pacific Databook, FACTS Global Energy, Singapore, various editions up to 2018.  Base CHELEM-PIB, Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII), Bureau van Dijk, Paris, 2008 to 2019.  Centroamérica: Estadísticas de Hidrocarburos, Comisión Económica para América y el Caribe (CEPAL), United Nations, Mexico, various editions up to 2018.  CIS and East European Energy Databook, Eastern Bloc Research Ltd, Tolsta Chaolais, various editions up to 2014.  Eastern Bloc Energy, Tadcaster, various issues up to May 1999.  Energy Indicators of Developing Member Countries, Asian Development Bank (ADB), Manila, 1994.  Energy-Economic Information System (SIEE), Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE), Quito: http://sier.olade.org/.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

NON-OECD COUNTRIES

IV.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

 Energy Statistics Yearbook 2008, United Nations, New York, 2011.  External Trade of the CIS countries, The Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Moscow, 2005.  Forestry Data, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, 2000.  Foreign Scouting Service, Commonwealth of Independent States, IHS Energy Group – IEDS Petroconsultants, Geneva.  Forests and Biomass Sub-sector in Africa, African Energy Programme of the African Development Bank, Abidjan, 1996.  Global E&P Service, Commonwealth of Independent States, IHS Energy Group – IEDS Petroconsultants, Geneva.  International Energy Annual, Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, D.C., 1991 to 1994.  International Energy Data Report 1992, World Energy Council, London, 1993.  Les Centrales Nucléaires dans le Monde, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique, Paris, various editions up to 2018.  Lund et. al, Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2010 Worldwide Review, World Geothermal Congress, Bali, 2010.  Middle East Economic Survey (MEES), Nicosia, various issues to June 1999.  Middle East Petroleum Databook, FACTS Global Energy Group, Singapore, various editions up to 2018.  Natural Gas in the World, Cedigaz, Paris, various editions up to 2018.  Natural Gas Vehicles Statistics, International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles, online database: www.iangv.org.  Notes d'Information et Statistiques, Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Dakar, 1995.  Pétrole 1994, Comité Professionnel du Pétrole (CPDP), Paris, 1995.  Pirani et al, Russian and CIS Gas Markets and Their Impact on Europe, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

 PIW’s Global Oil Stocks & Balances, New York, various issues to June 1995.  PlanEcon Energy Outlook for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics, Washington, 2003.  PlanEcon Energy Outlook for the Former Soviet Republics, Washington, June 1995 and 1996.  Prospects of Arab Petroleum Refining Industry, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), Kuwait, 1990.  Review of Wood Energy Data in RWEDP Member Countries, Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Bangkok, 1997.  SIE-Afrique (Systèmes d’Information Énergétique – Afrique), projet promu par ECONOTEC et Institut de l’Energie et de l’Environnement de la Francophonie (IEPF), organe subsidiaire de l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) up to 2009.  Solar Heat Worldwide, AEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Gleisdorf, IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme, various editions up to 2019.  Statistical Bulletin, Arab Union of Producers, Transporters and Distributors of Electricity (AUPTDE), Amman, various editions up to 2019.  Statistical Bulletin, The InterState Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Moscow, 1993 and 1994.  Statistiques économiques, Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (BEAC), online database 2011.  Statistical Handbook 1993 - States of the Former USSR, The World Bank, Washington, 1993.  Statistical Yearbook, The Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Moscow, various editions up to 2011.  Statistical Yearbook of the Member States of the CMEA, Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), Moscow, 1985 and 1990.  The LNG Industry, International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers (GIIGNL), Levallois, various editions up to 2018.  The United Nations Energy Statistics Database, United Nations Statistical Office, New York, various editions up to 2019.  World Development Indicators, The World Bank, Washington, various editions up to 2018.

IEA. All rights reserved.

 Energy Statistics Yearbook 1990, South African Development Community (SADC), Luanda, 1992.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.61

Note:  EU4Energy is a 4-year (2016-2020) EU-funded programme working to support evidence-based energy policy and decision making in the areas of energy security, energy markets and sustainable development in 11 focus countries - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. The IEA is responsible for the programme’s energy-data management and data use in policy design.  The OLADE database was used for several Non-OECD Americas countries.  The UN database was the only source of information for time series of the countries not listed individually and included in the regions Other Africa, Other non-OECD Americas and Other non-OECD Asia. It was also used in a number of other countries as a complementary data source.

other flows (e.g. production, consumption etc.) are IEA Secretariat estimates.

Brazil

Sources 1990 to 2017:

Brazil joined the IEA as an Association country in October 2017. Although IEA’s balance is based on Brazil’s national statistics, differences with the national energy balance can be observed due to the different methodologies adopted for reporting nuclear, chemical heat, natural gas, renewables, blast furnaces and coke ovens. Brazil produces a large share of its pig iron in blast furnaces that are fuelled and fed with charcoal. The blast furnace gases produced when charcoal is used as a reagent in the blast furnaces are renewable products and they have been reported in this publication under the product “Biogases from thermal processes”. Additionally, only the part of these gases consumed for power generation (i.e. energy purposes) has been accounted for in the transformation sector. The remaining charcoal consumed in or used to heat the blast furnaces is reported in final consumption under the iron and steel industry with no distinction between transformation and final consumption. Prior to the year 2000 blast furnace gases data availability is limited to the input to auto producer electricity plants. Therefore, from 1971 to 1999, the

Sources Sources 1971 to 2017:  Direct communication with the Ministério de Minas e Energia, Brasilia.

Bulgaria Sources  Direct communication with the National Statistical Institute, Sofia.  Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE questionnaires.

annual

energy

 Energy Balances, National Statistical Institute, Sofia, 1995.

Sources up to 1991:  Energy Development of Bulgaria, Government of Bulgaria, Sofia, 1980 and 1984.  Energy in Bulgaria, Government of Bulgaria, Sofia, 1980 to 1983.  General Statistics in the Republic of Bulgaria 1989/1990, Government of Bulgaria, Sofia, 1991.

People’s Republic of China Please see the explanatory notes in Part I.

Colombia General notes In 2018, time series for the period 2013-2016 were revised based on new energy balances received from

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General notes

The Itaipu hydroelectric plant, operating since 1984 and located on the Paraná River (which forms the border of Brazil and Paraguay) was formed as a joint venture between Eletrobrás and the Paraguayan government. Production is shared equally between Brazil and Paraguay.

IV.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Sources Sources 1992 to 2017:  Energy-Economic Information System (SIEE), Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE), Quito, accessed May 2019: http://sier.olade.org/.  Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética (UPME) Online statistics, Ministerio de Minas y Energía, various editions up to 2017.  Direct communication with the Ministry of Mines and Energy, Energy Information Department, Bogotá.  Statistics 1996-2017, Sistema de Información Eléctrico Colombiano, Ministry of Mines and Energy, online statistics, various editions up to 2017.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources up to 1991:  Boletin Minero-Energético, Ministerio de Minas y Energía, Bogotá, December 1991.  Estadísticas Minero-Energéticas 1940-1990, Ministerio de Minas y Energía, Bogotá, 1990.  Estadísticas Básicas del Sector Carbón, Carbocol, Oficina de Planeación, Bogotá, various editions from 1980 to 1988.  Colombia Estadística 1985, DANE, Bogotá, 1970 to 1983 and 1987.  Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos, Informe Anual, Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos, Bogotá, 1979, 1980, 1981 and 1985.

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea General notes The sources cited below provide domestic supply data for DPR Korea. All other flows are estimated by the IEA Secretariat. 2011 data for primary coals were revised based on new information in the 2014 edition. This may lead to breaks in the time series between 2010 and 2011 and differences in trends compared to previous editions for some products.

Sources Sources 1971 to 2017:  North Korea Statistics, Korean Statistical Information Service website, www.kosis.kr, Seoul.  World Trade Database, prepared annually by the International Energy Agency.  The UN Energy Statistics Database.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources for biofuels and waste:  The UN Energy Statistics Database.  Forestry Statistics, FAO, Rome, 2019.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Hong Kong, China

 Estadísticas de la Industria Petrolera Colombiana Bogota 1979-1984, Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos, Bogotá, 1985.

Sources

 Informe Estadístico Sector Eléctrico Colombiano, Government of Colombia, Bogotá, 1987 and 1988.  La Electrificacion en Colombia 1984-1985, Instituto Colombiano de Energía Electrica, Bogotá, 1986.

 Hong Kong Energy Statistics - Annual Report, Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, various editions up to 2017.  Hong Kong Merchandise Trade Statistics – Domestic Exports and Re-exports/ Imports, Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, various editions up to December 2017.

 Balances Energéticos 1975-1986, Ministerio de Minas y Energía, Bogotá, 1987.  Energía y Minas Para el Progreso Social 1982-1986, Ministerio de Minas y Energía, Bogotá, 1987.

Sources up to 2017:

 Direct communication with The Electric Company, Ltd, Hong Kong.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Hongkong

IEA. All rights reserved.

the Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética (UP(UPME). Breaks in time series may occur between 2012 and 2013.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.63

 Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong, various editions to 1994.  Towngas - Annual Report, The Hong Kong and China Gas Company Ltd., Hong Kong, several editions up to 2013.

India General notes India joined the IEA as an Association country in March 2017. Data are reported by India on a fiscal year basis. Data for 2017 correspond to 1 April 2017 – 31 March 2018. In 2015, significant revisions of the net calorific values of the different types of coal were made for the whole time series, based on official data as well as IEA and other expert estimates. As a result, there have been significant changes for the coal data when presented in energy units, as well as in the calculated efficiency of coal fired power generation. Data on the production and consumption of secondary coal products may have also been revised as a result. The net calorific values of coking coal, sub-bituminous coal and other bituminous coal, were revised again in 2018 to take into account more detailed information on imports and IEA Secretariat experts estimates. From 2008, due to a notable discrepancy between official coal imports from India and coal exports to India as reported by trade partners, imports of coking coal and non-coking coal are estimated by the IEA Secretariat, based on trade partners’ data. The breakdown of non-coking coal imports between bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal is estimated from 2008. This could lead to breaks in time series between 2007 and 2008. Coking coal figures for India do not align with IEA definitions as they include production of nonmetallurgical coking coal reported by India.

and demand of coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Coke oven coke production is estimated from 2006 based on growth of blast furnace iron production, as official production data do not include production from small private producers.

Sources Sources 1992 to 2017:  Direct communication with the Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi.  Energy Statistics, Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, New Delhi, various editions up to 2019 (2017-2018 data).  Monthly Abstract of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistics Organisation, Department of Statistics, New Delhi, various editions from 1984 to 2000.  Direct communication with the Coal Controller’s Organization, Ministry of Coal, Government of India, Kolkata.  Coal Directory of India, Coal Controller's Organization, Ministry of Coal, Kolkata, various editions up to 2018 (2016-2017 data).  Provisional Coal Statistics, Coal Controller's Organization, Ministry of Coal, Kolkata, various editions up to 2019 (2017-2018 data).  Annual Review of Coal Statistics, Coal Controller's Organization, Ministry of Coal, Kolkata, various editions from 1993-1994 to 1998-1999.

Sources up to 1991:  Report 1986-87, Ministry of Energy, Department of Coal, New Delhi, 1981 to 1987.  Annual Report 1986-1987, Ministry of Energy, Department of Non-Conventional Energy, New Delhi, 1987.  Economic Survey, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi, various editions from 1975 to 1986.  Statistical Outline of India, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987.  Monthly Coal Bulletin, vol xxxvi no.2., Ministry of Labour, Directorate General of Mines Safety, New Delhi, February 1986.

Due to data limitations, IEA Secretariat estimates are used for some products and flows, including supply

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

 China Light & Power - Annual Report, China Light & Power Group, Hong Kong, several editions up to 2018.  China Light & Power – Facility Performance Statistics, China Light & Power Group, Hong Kong, several editions up to 2018.

IV.64 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Indonesia General notes Indonesia joined the IEA as an Association country in November 2015. For 2012-2017 coal exports data from BPS are used. This results in breaks in time series for 2011-2012. Non-specified industry consumption is re-estimated by the IEA Secretariat. The production and allocation of coal among the various coal types and products between 2000 and 2017 are estimated by the IEA Secretariat due to data collection limitations. In 2015, data reported for coal consumption in pulp and paper industry might also include coal consumed in the textile and fertilizers sectors. This may create breaks in time series. The IEA Secretariat estimates coking coal production for the period 2014-2017. Breaks in time series may appear between 2013 and 2014. In the 2019 edition, the IEA Secretariat came across new information regarding the use of coal in Indonesia’s industry sector. First estimates of this use may lead to breaks in time series between 2015 and 2016, as well as between 2016 and 2017.

Sources Sources 2008 to 2017:  Direct communication with the Data Centre and Information Technology (PUSDATIN), Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jakarta.  Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics of Indonesia, PUSDATIN, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), Jakarta, various editions up to 2018.  Trade data on coal, charcoal for 1999-2017, website of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia (BPS).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

 PLN Statistics, PT.PLN (Persero), Jakarta, various editions up to 2018.  Direct communication with PT PLN (Persero), Jakarta.  Direct communication with the Indonesia Coal Mining Association, Jakarta.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources 1992 to 2007:  Indonesia Mineral and Coal Statistics, Directorate of Coal and Mineral Resources, Jakarta, 1998 to 2007.  Statistics on Electricity and Energy, 1998 to 2004, Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Utilisation, Jakarta, 1999 to 2005.  Neraca energy 2000, Energy Balance of Indonesia 2000, Asean Center for Energy.  Mining and Energy Yearbook, 1998, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Jakarta, 1998.  APEC annual energy statistics questionnaires.  Direct communication with Directorate General of Coal and Mineral Resources, Directorate General Oil and Gas, and Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Utilisation of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.  Direct communication with the Indonesian Institute for Energy Economics, 2004 and 2005.  Direct communication with the ASEAN Centre for Energy, 2005.

Sources up to 1991:  Indonesian Financial Statistics, Bank of Indonesia, Jakarta, 1982.  Indikator Ekonomi 1980-1985, Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 1986.  Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia, Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 1978 to 1984 and 1992.  Statistik Pertambangan Umum, 1973-1985, Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 1986.  Energy Planning for Development in Indonesia, Directorate General for Power, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Jakarta, 1981.  Commercial Information, Electric Power Corporation, Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara, Jakarta, 1984, 1985.

IEA. All rights reserved.

 General Review, Public Electricity Supply, India Statistics, Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi, 1982 to 1985.  Energy Data Directory, Yearbook “TEDDY”, and Annual Report, The Energy and Resources Institute “TERI”, New Delhi, 1986-1988, 1990.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.65

Kazakhstan General notes Data for Kazakhstan are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union. Kazakhstan is one of the 11 EU4Energy focus countries. In 2016, the Committee on Statistics of Kazakhstan introduced changes in the forms used to collect energy data to align more closely with the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics. In order to reduce burden on enterprises, questions on supply were removed and supply data are now taken from administrative sources. As a consequence, breaks in the time series appear for many product and flows, both for supply and demand between 2014 and 2015 data. From 2012 onwards, as a result of important work carried out jointly by the Committee on Statistics and the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the IEA Secretariat was able to switch to the Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE questionnaires as a primary source for Kazakhstan’s data. Breaks in time series appear between 2011 and 2012 as a result of this change. Some data for fuel inputs to CHP plants are estimated by IEA secretariat. Kazakhstan’s coal data are normally not disaggregated by coal type. The disaggregation presented in the IEA energy balances is achieved by considering the typical end uses for different types of coals. This may lead to large statistical differences for some types of coal.

Sources 1993 to 2011:  Direct communication with the Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana.  Fuel and Energy Balance of Kazakhstan Republic, Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, various editions up to 2010.  Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual energy questionnaires, 1993, 1995, 1997 to 2009.  Statistical Yearbook “Kazakhstan in 2009”, Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, 2010.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources 1990 to 1992:  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Malaysia Sources Sources 2000 to 2017:  Direct communication with the Energy Commission, Putrajaya.  National Energy Balance, Malaysia, Energy Commission, Putrajaya, 2009 to 2017.  Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia, Performance and Statistical Information, Malaysia Energy Commission, Putrajaya, 2009 to 2016.  Electricity Supply Statistics, Malaysia Energy Information Hub, website: meih.st.gov.my, 2016.  APEC annual energy questionnaires, 2009, 2011.

Sources

Sources up to 2000:

Sources 2012 to 2017:

 Direct communication with Petroliam Nacional Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, April 2001.

 Direct communication with the Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy (formerly: Agency on Statistics) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana.  Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual energy questionnaires.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Other bituminous and coking coal production data includes not marketable production.

 National Energy Balance Malaysia, Ministry of Energy, Water and Communication, Kuala Lumpur, 2002 to 2008.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.66 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Mongolia

Sources Sources 1992 to 2017:

Data for Mongolia are available starting in 1985. Prior to that, they are included in Other Asia. Data allowing a disaggregation of coal by type became available in 2015. In addition time series were revised from 2005 forward. Breaks in time series between 2004 and 2005 may result as well as differences in trends from previous editions.

 Direct communication with Ministério da Energia, Maputo and the National Petroleum Institute.  Direct communication with the African Energy Commission, Algiers, Algeria.  Annual Statistical Yearbook 1993, 1994, 1995, Eskom, Johannesburg, 1994, 1995, 1996, citing Electricidade de Mozambique, Maputo, as source.  The UN Energy Statistics Database.

Sources

 IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources 1985 to 2017:

Sources up to 1991:

 Direct communication with the National Statistics Office of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar.

 IEA Secretariat estimates.

 Mongolian Statistical Yearbook, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, various editions up to 2018.

Philippines

 Balance of Coal & Coal Exports, Mongolian Statistical Information Service, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, online statistical service, accessed May 2018: www.1212.mn.

Sources

 Mongolian Statistical Bulletin, December 2009, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, 2009.

 Direct communication with the Department of Energy, Manila.

 Asian Development Bank online database.

 Energy Commodity Account (ECA) and Overall Energy Balance (OEB), 1990-2008, 2010-2017 submitted by the Department of Energy, Manila.

 IEA Secretariat estimates.

Mozambique

Sources 1990 to 2017:

 APEC annual energy statistics questionnaires.  Annual Report, Semirara Mining Corporation, 2006-2018.

General notes

 IHS McCloskey, 2011-2017.

In the 2019 edition, the data sent by the Ministry of Energy could not be used as it was received after the IEA Secretariat finalised the publication. The IEA Secretariat therefore used data submitted by the Ministry to the African Energy Commission. This might create breaks in time series between 2016 and 2017 for primary and secondary solid biofuels.

 Annual steel production 1980-2018, World Steel Association, www.worldsteel.org/statistics/.

Due to the opening of a new pit in Moatize mine, breaks in time series may happen for coal between 2016 and 2017.

 Philippines Energy Bulletin 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources up to 1989:  Direct communication with the Office of Energy Affairs, Manila.  APEC Energy Statistics 1994, Tokyo, October 1996.  1990 Power Development Program (1990-2005), National Power Corporation, Manila, 1990.

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IEA. All rights reserved.

General notes

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.67

 Philippine Medium-term Energy Plan 1988-1992, Office of Energy Affairs, Manila, 1989.  Philippine Statistical Yearbook 1977-1983, National Economic and Development Authority, Manila.  1985 and 1989 Annual Report, National Power Corporation, Manila, 1986, 1990.  Philippine Economic Indicators, National Economic and Development Authority, Manila, various editions of 1985.  Accomplishment Report: Energy Self-Reliance 1973-1983, Ministry of Energy, Manila, 1984.  Industrial Energy Profiles 1972-1979, vol. 1-4, Ministry of Energy, Manila, 1980.  National Energy Program, Ministry of Energy, Manila, 1982-1987 and 1986-1990.  Philippine Statistics 1974-1981, Ministry of Energy, Manila, 1982.  Energy Statistics, National Economic and Development Authority, Manila, 1983.  Quarterly Review, Office of Energy Affairs, Manila, various editions.  The UN Energy Statistics Database.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Romania General notes Data on quantities of coke oven coke used in blast furnaces do not correspond to the official submission of the national administration, as they have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat to ensure a carbon balance in the blast furnace transformation.

Sources Sources 1992 to 2017:

Russian Federation General notes Data for the Russian Federation are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union. Annual statistics are based on annual joint IEA/ Eurostat/UNECE questionnaires submissions received from Rosstat, the official data provider to the IEA. Data may differ from secondary sources, and discrepancies are being investigated. In 2007, the Federal State Statistics Service introduced a new classification, the Russian Classification of Economic Activities (OKVED), oriented towards harmonization with the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.1). Data for the years prior to 2005 were submitted to the IEA Secretariat according to the Russian Classification of the Industries of the Economy (OKONKH). Therefore, breaks in time series for final consumption sectors may occur between 2004 and 2005. Coal statistics provided by Rosstat may differ from those collected by Rosinformugol. Blast furnace gas values since 2012 utilise a different methodology to that of prior years (where heat from other sources than blast furnace gas had been attributed to blast furnace gas). Some coal trade from partners of the Customs Union has been estimated by the IEA Secretariat and additionally removed from indigenous production where it may be reported in data of other organisations.

Sources Institute energy Comisia various

Sources 1990 to 2017:  Direct communication with the Department of Foreign Statistics and International Cooperation from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), Moscow, Russian Federation.  Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual energy questionnaires.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

 Direct communication with the National of Statistics, Bucharest.  Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual questionnaires.  Buletin Statistic de Informare Publica, Nationala Pentru Statistica, Bucharest, editions up to June 1995.

 Renel Information Bulletin, Romanian Electricity Authority, Bucharest, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994. Anuarul Statistic al Republicii Socialiste Romania, Comisia Nationala Pentru Statistica, Bucharest, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1991.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

IV.68 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

 Statistical Bulletin, various editions, The State Committee of Statistics of the CIS, Moscow, 1993, 1994.  Statistical Bulletin N° 3, The Federal State Statistics Service, Moscow, 1992.  Fuel and Energy Balance of Russia 1990, The Federal State Statistics Service, Moscow, 1991.  Energetika, Energo-Atomisdat, Moscow, 1981 to 1987.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Serbia General notes

South Africa General notes Outputs from gas-to-liquids and coal-to-liquids plants are presented in the “Transfers” flow. New information became available for the 2017 edition which allowed the separation of non-energy use of coal in Coal to Liquids (CTL) plants from the coal used for energy purposes in these same plants. Non-energy conversion efficiencies for CTL plants in South Africa are assumed to be 60% in physical units. Due to specific calorific values used for this specific process, the efficiency are 73% in our energy balance format. This methodology may lead to breaks in time series between 2010 and 2011 for these products and flows. Breaks in time series may occur for anthracite and coking coal between 2009 and 2010 as new information became available. Prior to 2010, coking coal data may include anthracite. Coking coal, coke oven coke, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas production and consumption have been estimated using reported crude steel production figures.

Data for Serbia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

Sources

Serbia energy data include Montenegro until 2004 and The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo until 1999.

Sources 2010 to 2017:

Sources Sources 1990 to 2017:  Direct communication with the Ministry of Mining and Energy, Belgrade.  Direct communication with the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade.  Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual energy questionnaires.  Direct communication with the Federal Ministry of Economy, Belgrade.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

 Direct communication with the Department of Energy, Pretoria, South Africa.  Energy statistics: Supply and demand of petroleum products, Department of Energy, Pretoria, South Africa, up to 2018 edition.  Statistical release on electricity generated and available for distribution, Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, up to 2018 edition.  South African Statistics, Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, various editions up to 2018.  Analyst Book, SASOL Limited Group, Johannesburg, various editions up to 2017.  Integrated Annual Reports, PetroSA, Parow, various editions up to 2017.  Steel statistical Yearbook, World Steel Association, Brussel, accessed March 2019, http://www.worldsteel.org/statistics/  IEA Secretariat estimates.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

 Energy trade: direct communication with the Federal State Statistics Service, July 1994.  Statistical Yearbook of Russia 1994. The State Committee of Statistics, Moscow, 1994.  The Russian Federation in 1992, Statistical Yearbook, The Federal State Statistics Service, Moscow, 1993.  Russian Federation External Trade, annual and quarterly various editions, the Federal State Statistics Service, Moscow.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.69

Sources 1992 to 2009:  Energy balances submitted to the IEA Secretariat from the Department of Minerals and Energy, 2003 to 2009.  Electricity generated and available for distribution, Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, various editions up to 2009.  Direct submission from the Institute for Energy Studies, Rand Afrikaans University, Pretoria, 1998 to 2001.  Digest of South African Energy Statistics 1998.  Direct submissions from the Energy Research Institute, University of Cape Town.  Statistical Yearbook, Electricity Supply Commission (ESKOM), South Africa, 1992 to 1994.  South Africa’s Mineral Industry, Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Braamfontein, 1995.  South African Energy Statistics, 1950-1993, Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Pretoria, 1995.  South African Coal Statistics 1994, South African Coal Report, Randburg, 1995.  Energy Balances in South Africa 1970-1993, Energy Research Institute, Plumstead, 1995.

Sources up to 1991:  Statistical News Release 1981-1985, Central Statistical Service, South Africa, various editions from 1986 to 1989.

Coal production statistics refer to unwashed and unscreened coal up to 1990. IEA coal statistics normally refer to coal after washing and screening for the removal of inorganic matter. Also, see notes under “Classification of Fuel Uses” and “Heat”, in section on Notes on data quality. The commodity balances presented for the Former Soviet Union include IEA Secretariat estimates of fuel consumption in the main categories of transformation. These estimates are based on secondary sources and on isolated references in FSU literature. In older editions of this publication, intra-FSU trade was excluded.

Sources Sources up to 1989:  Statistical Yearbook, The State Committee for Statistics of the USSR, Moscow, various editions from 1980 to 1989.  External Trade of the Independent Republics and the Baltic States, 1990 and 1991, the State Committee of Statistics of the CIS, Moscow, 1992.  External Trade of the USSR, annual and quarterly, various editions, The State Committee of Statistics of the USSR, Moscow, 1986 to 1990.  CIR Staff Paper no. 14, 28, 29, 30, 32 and 36, Center for International Research, US Bureau of the Census, Washington, 1986, 1987 and 1988.  Yearbook on Foreign Trade, Ministry of Foreign Trade, Moscow, 1986.

 Annual Report Energy Affairs 1985, Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Pretoria, 1986.

Former Soviet Union General notes Data for individual countries of the Former Soviet Union are available starting in 1990, and most of the information on 1990 and 1991 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat. Because of large breaks in reporting occurring in the early 1990’s, breaks in time series may occur in 1990 for all regional totals.

Chinese Taipei General notes Data for the period 1982-2009 were revised in 2012 based on new balances submitted by the Bureau of Energy. Breaks in time series may occur between 1981 and 1982. Breaks in time series may also occur between 2010 and 2011 as more detailed information became available for refinery feedstocks and oil products. In 2018 data were revised for the period 2002-2015 based on new balances submitted by the Bureau of Energy and changes in methodology, breaks in time series might occur.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

 Energy Projections for South Africa (1985 Balance), Institute for Energy Studies, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa, 1986.

IV.70 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Sources

Sources

Sources 1982 to 2017:

Sources 2012 to 2017:

 Energy Balances in Taiwan, Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taipei, various editions up to 2017.  Direct communication with the electricity utilities.

 Direct communication with the Ministry of Energy, Thailand, Bangkok.  Thailand Energy Statistics, Ministry of Energy, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Bangkok, various editions up to 2017.  Thailand Energy Balance Table, Ministry of Energy, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Bangkok, various editions up to 2017.  Thailand Energy Efficiency Situation, Ministry of Energy, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Bangkok, various editions up to 2017.  Energy Statistics of Thailand, Ministry of Energy, Energy Policy & Planning Office, Bangkok, various editions up to 2017.  Key Statistical Data, Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand, online database: www.egat.co.th accessed March 2019.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

 Industry of Free China 1975-1985, Council for Economic Planning and Development, Taipei, 1986.  Taiwan Statistical Data Book 1954-1985, Council for Economic Planning and Development, Taipei, 1986.  Energy Policy for the Taiwan Area, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Energy Committee, Taipei, 1984.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources up to 1981:  The Energy Situation in Taiwan, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Energy Committee, Taipei, 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1992.  Industry of Free China 1975-1985, Council for Economic Planning and Development, Taipei, 1986.  Taiwan Statistical Data Book 1954-1985, Council for Economic Planning and Development, Taipei, 1986.  Energy Policy for the Taiwan Area, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Energy Committee, Taipei, 1984.  Energy Balances in Taiwan, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taipei, 1980 to 1981.

Thailand General notes Thailand joined the IEA as an Association country in November 2015. Stock changes may include statistical difference for certain products. In 2014, information became available for the consumption of anthracite and lignite coal in industry. Breaks in time series may occur between 2011 and 2012. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Sources 2002 to 2012:  Thailand Energy Situation, Ministry of Energy, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, various editions up to 2012.  Key Statistical Data, Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand, online database: www.egat.co.th.  Electric Power in Thailand, Ministry of Energy, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, various editions up to 2012.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources up to 2001:  Electric Power in Thailand, Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy, National Energy Administration, Bangkok, 1985, 1986, 1988 to 2001.  Thailand Energy Situation, Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy, National Energy Administration, Bangkok, 1978 to 2001.

Ukraine General notes Data for Ukraine are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

IEA. All rights reserved.

 Yearbook of Energy Statistics, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Taipei, 1996.  The Energy Situation in Taiwan, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Energy Committee, Taipei, 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1992.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.71

Ukraine is one of the 11 EU4Energy focus countries.

Sources

Due to limited information being available to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine from part of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine and from the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, breaks in the time series occur after 2013. New breaks appear in 2016, for example with diesel energy industry own use.

Sources 2007 to 2017:

In 2016, power plants have been reclassified due to the implementation of more detailed survey forms.

Sources 1992 to 2006:

For the period 2007 to 2017 the transparency of data may be reduced because of confidentiality issues. For instance: peat includes lignite and patent fuel; other kerosene includes aviation fuels (aviation gasoline, gasoline-type jet fuel and kerosene-type jet fuel); other products include petroleum coke; in 2016 and 2017 aviation fuels and kerosene are included in other products and in 2017 bituminous coal includes anthracite. IEA statistics refer to coal after washing and screening for the removal of inorganic matter. Official Ukrainian coal statistics refer to unwashed and unscreened coal prior to 1995. Anthracite supply and demand data for 2017 are included in Other bituminous coal due to confidentiality issues. Bituminous coal “From other sources” refers to coal mined in informal sector. Due to a plant closure in 2008, a stock of lignite/peat became available, without details about its consumption. This may lead to breaks in time series and high statistical difference for 2008. Quantities of other sub-bituminous coal reported under patent fuel transformation are used to make briquettes from dust and due to confidentiality and calorific value of this output, it is reported in peat products and not in patent fuel production. No information was available for 2017.

 Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual energy questionnaires.  Direct communication with the Ministry of Statistics, the Coal Ministry, the National Dispatching Company, 1995.  Coal: Direct communication with the State Mining University of Ukraine, 1995, 1996.  Direct communication with the Ministry of Statistics of the Ukraine, July 1994.  Ukraine in 1992, Statistical Handbook, Ministry of Statistics of the Ukraine, Kiev, 1993.  Ukraine Power Demand and Supply Options, The World Bank, Washington, 1993.  Power Industry in Ukraine, Ministry of Power and Electrification, Kiev, 1994.  Energy Issues Paper, Ministry of Economy, March 1995.  Ukraine Energy Sector Statistical Review 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, The World Bank Regional Office, Kiev, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998.  Global Energy Saving Strategy for Ukraine, Commission of the European Communities, TACIS, Madrid, July 1995.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Sources 1990 to 1991:  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Venezuela General notes In 2015, new information on the production and consumption of refinery gas since 2007 became available. For this reason, breaks in time series may occur between 2006 and 2007. Revised data for the years 2005-2011 were provided by OLADE for Venezuela. These revisions may lead to INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

The IEA Secretariat and State Statistics Service of Ukraine are working closely on the improvement of data quality, and in particular revision of historical data. Therefore, breaks in time series may occur between 2006 and 2007.

 Direct communication with the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Kiev.  Joint IEA/Eurostat/UNECE annual energy questionnaires.

IV.72 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Sources Sources up to 2017:  Energy-Economic Information System (SIEE), Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE), Quito, accessed April 2019: http://sier.olade.org/.  Estadísticas consolidadas, Cámara Venezolana de la Industria Eléctrica, 1996 to 2007.  Petróleo y Otros Datos Estadísticos, Dirección General Sectorial de Hidrocarburos, Caracas, 1983 to 1991, 1993 to 2004, 2007 to 2008.  Balance Energético de Venezuela, Dirección de Planificación Energética, Ministerio de Energía y Minas, Caracas, 1971 to 2005.  Transformando la energía en desarrollo social, CVG EDELCA Informe Anual 2006.  Compendio Estadístico del Sector Eléctrico, Ministerio de Energía y Minas, Dirección de Electricidad, Carbón y Otras Energías, Caracas, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991.  Memoria y Cuenta, Ministerio de Energía y Minas, Caracas, 1991.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Viet Nam General notes Data for stock changes may contain statistical differences for some energy products. In the absence of detailed information, coal type data are broken down by IEA Secretariat. In the 2019 edition, some revisions to 2015 and 2016 data are due to the revised Vietnam Energy Balance Tables with its updated format. This may induce time series break for some flows between 2014 and 2015 data.

 Vietnam Energy Balance Tables, General Directorate of Energy, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi, various editions up to 2017.  Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam & Statistical Handbook, General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), Hanoi, various editions up to 2014.  Yearbook, Vietnam Energy (Năng Lượng Việt Nam), Hanoi, 2012.

Sources 1992 to 2010:  Direct communication with the Institute of Energy and the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi.  Direct communication with the Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre.  Vietnam Energy Balance Tables, General Directorate of Energy, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi, various editions up to 2010.  Direct communication with the Center for EnergyEnvironment Research and Development, Pathumthami, 1997 to 1999.  Sectoral Energy Demand in Vietnam, UNDP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 1992.  Energy Commodity Account of Vietnam 1992, Asian Development Bank, Manila, 1994.  World Economic Problems (20), National Centre for Social Sciences of the S.R. Vietnam, Institute of World Economy, Hanoi, 1993.  Vietnam Energy Review, Institute of Energy, Hanoi, 1995, 1997, 1998.  IEA Secretariat estimates.

Former Yugoslavia General notes

Sources

Data for individual countries of the Former Yugoslavia are available starting in 1990, and most of the information on 1990 and 1991 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat. Because of large breaks in reporting which occurred in the early 1990’s, breaks in time series may occur in 1990 for all regional totals.

Sources 2010 to 2017:

Sources

 Direct communication with the Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre.

Sources up to 1989:

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

 Statisticki Godisnjak Yugoslavije, Socijalisticka Federativna Rebublika Jugoslavija, Savezni Zavod

IEA. All rights reserved.

breaks in time series between 2004 and 2005 and differences in trends in comparison to previous editions.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - IV.73

Za Statistiku, Beograd, 1985 to 1991.

IEA. All rights reserved.

 Indeks, Socijalisticka Federativna Rebublika Jugoslavija, Beograd, 1990, 1991, 1992.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

 

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - V.1

PART V

IEA. All rights reserved.

PRICES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - V.3

Figure 1: Delivered steam coal prices in Europe and Asia (USD/t CIF) 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0

McCloskey Northwest Europe CIF

McCloskey Asian CIF

Source: IHS McCloskey, McCloskey’s Coal Report

Figure 2: FOB port steam coal prices in South Africa and Australia (USD/t FOB) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

South Africa (Richards Bay)

Australia (Newcastle)

Source: IHS McCloskey, McCloskey’s Coal Report.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0

V.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Figure 3: OECD international trade values for steam coal and oil (USD/tce) 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Crude Oil (IEA CIF import cost)

Steam Coal (OECD CIF import cost)

Natural Gas*(pipeline)

Liquified Natural Gas*(LNG)

Heavy Fuel Oil (Spot Rotterdam)

Notes: Spot prices for heavy fuel oil are not directly comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. They are, however, closely correlated with average CIF crude oil prices, which are, by definition comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. As a consequence, it is not unreasonable to compare customs unit values for steam coal with spot prices of heavy fuel oil. Steam coal and crude oil are IEA average and CIF import values. Steam coal excludes intra-EU trade. Heavy fuel oil is Rotterdam spot market value, 3.5% sulphur. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

Figure 4: Steam coal import and export value comparison (USD/t) 140

120

100

80

60

40

20

Japan CIF

EU Member States CIF

Australia FOB

South Africa FOB

Colombia FOB

Coal data for some countries and regions for Figure 3 and Figure 4 are currently unavailable for 2011 onwards due to resource constraints. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

0

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - V.5

Table 1: Japan coking coal import costs (average unit value, CIF, USD/tonne) Canada USA

Total1 (all sources)

Australia

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122

50.98 42.95 39.46 41.13 42.14 41.73 61.40 88.80 93.10 88.43 184.13 163.82 151.45 214.16

49.47 41.83 39.01 40.96 43.32 43.56 56.85 96.44 106.20 96.03 206.71 191.58 170.10 248.43

59.73 51.05 45.46 47.30 50.50 51.64 62.04 106.05 125.68 112.61 234.34 220.94 191.97 274.44

..

..

20132

..

..

20142

..

20152 20162

South

Russian

PR of

Africa

Federation

China

59.53 55.79 52.69 47.81 52.07 42.93 163.61 159.01 159.35 516.32 308.56 241.65 208.24 267.90

47.06 39.74 39.99 47.09 x x x x x x x x x x

54.63 45.17 43.62 45.52 45.59 46.05 67.98 114.96 116.69 105.45 250.90 190.54 185.00 249.74

46.78 40.01 37.12 39.35 38.97 39.09 72.57 100.45 91.98 100.91 256.42 138.99 154.71 247.90

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20172

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20182

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Note:

It should be noted that as a result of the import coal classification system used by Japanese customs authorities, some imports of Indonesian coal are recorded by customs as coking coal even though most of the coal is not used in the metallurgical industry. As this coal has a lower unit value than coking coal reported in other categories, the data presented in the Total column in this table, from 1991 onwards, tend to understate the total average unit value of coals imported into Japan for metallurgical use. Prior to 1991, the volume of imports reported by customs in this manner was not so large as to significantly affect the total averages.

Table 2: EU coking coal import costs from selected countries Australia

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122

54.53 48.97 47.88 53.56 56.63 59.61 78.12 109.61 125.86 125.73 197.84 187.29 194.02 264.74

55.00 47.33 45.45 51.24 55.52 58.03 73.63 114.89 135.52 127.74 220.54 243.76 213.42 290.70

54.18 45.58 45.92 54.59 56.90 61.31 76.64 113.81 137.66 129.45 220.91 223.39 205.20 285.81

..

..

20132

..

..

20142

..

20152

South

Russian

Africa

Federation

Poland

58.53 54.14 52.91 58.54 61.48 64.18 84.75 110.91 123.44 126.95 175.35 160.22 191.43 255.81

35.83 36.21 39.09 42.10 38.69 39.20 61.31 71.77 66.18 96.82 141.18 81.99 95.76 131.56

51.08 57.96 42.02 58.89 58.11 47.45 86.41 86.05 81.34 92.15 147.83 108.78 128.15 154.79

52.52 47.48 50.43 51.58 50.15 62.24 108.71 138.92 118.82 139.47 245.85 137.24 194.36 274.08

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20162

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20172

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20182

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from 1. one year to the next due to differing components. 2. Coking coal import prices for 2012 through 2018 are unavailable due to resource constraints. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes [For editions prior to 2011]

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(Average Unit Value, CIF, USD/tonne) Canada USA

Total1 (all sources)

V.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3: Japan steam coal import costs Total1 (all sources)

Australia

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122

40.68 35.87 34.59 37.95 36.95 34.93 51.48 62.73 63.33 70.92 125.42 111.12 110.40 141.26

40.80 36.12 34.59 38.32 37.39 35.13 50.20 61.90 63.90 71.03 127.23 111.87 111.12 142.75

..

20132 20142

(average unit value, CIF, USD/tonne) USA South Russian

PR of

Canada

Indonesia

39.96 34.89 33.69 36.95 36.25 35.28 55.06 65.65 63.88 73.60 124.10 118.18 112.29 146.66

38.25 33.50 34.72 36.94 37.34 33.82 52.60 63.79 56.32 66.04 125.52 103.84 107.80 140.99

36.58 32.40 31.85 35.17 34.52 32.72 46.98 59.65 60.31 66.45 116.08 112.99 108.20 134.62

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

Colombia

Africa

Federation

China

47.52 45.37 45.49 45.99 48.63 x 186.48 x 596.68 553.99 151.26 47.12 84.43 123.01

41.50 37.34 35.82 38.05 40.30 35.21 x 80.64 x 77.46 105.49 87.62 107.07 146.91

38.46 30.24 30.68 37.61 34.35 34.28 59.02 66.10 62.20 72.28 121.34 101.62 106.42 137.21

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20152

..

..

20162

..

20172 20182

1

Total (all sources)

Australia

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122

39.72 34.43 35.22 42.96 38.69 41.94 61.91 71.27 69.80 82.21 137.79 100.28 104.10 131.24

40.03 36.68 39.04 44.13 43.28 46.83 69.05 106.40 109.71 103.73 184.75 149.29 197.74 268.16

..

20132

..

20142 20152

(average unit value, CIF, USD/tonne) USA South Russian

PR of

Africa

Federation

China

46.99 40.67 41.07 46.52 43.48 47.37 61.50 86.75 82.08 97.50 138.40 107.28 117.46 138.63

36.30 31.78 33.83 42.32 36.65 39.10 58.00 67.64 66.24 80.25 142.07 95.66 98.50 124.66

37.23 30.96 33.59 42.16 36.79 42.22 65.14 68.46 67.93 79.03 131.62 92.41 97.66 125.29

52.85 32.58 31.45 40.90 44.30 51.38 60.61 93.41 150.20 73.02 161.12 x x 1344.85

39.61 35.03 35.30 44.41 40.75 43.26 68.95 78.34 75.65 94.13 156.01 114.60 104.06 134.57

37.56 32.69 34.22 42.32 36.99 41.65 61.54 67.98 66.07 78.16 138.32 95.99 95.84 118.88

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20162

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20172

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20182

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable 1. from one year to the next due to differing components. 2. Steam coal import prices for 2012 through 2018 are unavailable due to resource constraints. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes [For editions prior to 2011]

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Table 4: EU steam coal import costs from selected countries

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - V.7

Table 5: Steam coal export costs Exported from: To: 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Australia (FOB) Total

EU1

Japan

30.10 31.50 24.54 26.49 27.02 21.63 24.27 24.72 20.86 28.71 29.69 25.86 28.01 29.20 24.42 25.41 26.00 25.18 37.65 38.45 34.44 48.86 49.42 49.46 47.05 50.59 49.29 51.11 54.61 55.42 92.23 103.23 102.85 80.03 88.54 72.97 85.82 89.03 120.56 100.06 104.21 152.30

(Average Unit Value, USD/tonne) United States (FAS) Canada Total Japan EU1

Colombia

Indonesia

S. Africa

30.24 25.72 24.99 26.01 28.11 35.75 44.75 53.23 45.24 50.51 97.37 84.45 95.97 -

32.24 32.02 31.84 34.51 37.70 37.00 53.93 67.09 55.66 52.61 62.76 81.33 71.63 87.88

37.00 35.40 34.90 37.70 40.41 166.40 91.47 105.21 166.53 198.41 143.02 113.97 83.85 109.23

33.05 29.39 28.26 34.69 33.09 32.18 42.06 76.79 64.17 66.14 82.07 95.04 82.21 95.54

33.84 30.51 27.25 26.99 31.36 30.09 36.41 59.55 51.89 51.92 57.76 120.27 58.26 77.31

39.90 35.82 31.00 29.60 32.07 29.98 25.00 38.00 37.50 32.75 47.71 87.74 55.13 71.01

31.47 26.37 22.77 22.63 28.59 25.82 24.47 32.77 46.46 45.90 51.06 88.19 60.99 91.26

20122

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

83.25

68.30

92.89

20132

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

71.37

62.40

80.35

20142

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

65.97

55.35

72.33

20152

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

51.91

44.09

57.18

20162

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

78.29

38.67

84.35

20172

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

49.57

-

55.45

20182

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Colombia3

Indonesia

S. Africa

Exported from:

Australia (FOB)

(Average Unit Value, USD/tonne) United States (FAS) Canada Total Japan EU1

Total

Japan

EU1

43.97 35.99 32.85 36.93 40.16 39.75 48.84 88.94 98.27 84.16 194.87 143.83 171.76 198.47

42.47 34.60 31.64 34.46 36.79 36.18 45.51 83.74 94.04 79.50 193.79 165.07 154.53 180.64

44.10 37.59 33.66 39.99 44.34 43.14 51.43 100.84 106.29 93.67 215.74 168.88 193.71 221.65

46.15 38.19 34.01 43.03 43.90 44.59 51.37 96.26 109.29 98.44 209.51 194.92 212.01 -

48.55 46.19 42.98 45.88 50.06 49.11 70.14 89.91 111.72 98.10 148.39 129.77 160.32 205.02

45.98 44.46 41.99 x x 56.01 98.14 100.61 89.80 x 157.59 181.25 166.81 203.02

51.67 49.27 45.58 50.10 53.14 52.19 63.60 89.53 102.37 100.58 133.63 124.78 158.48 207.08

.. .. .. 31.97 31.26 33.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

39.68 37.72 31.39 34.38 32.09 37.81 32.43 27.91 43.15 53.00 54.94 67.93 114.58 95.04

20122

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20132

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20142

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20152

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20162

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20172

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20182

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

To: 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one year 1. to the next due to differing components. 2. OECD steam and coking coal export values are unavailable for 2012 through 2018 due to resource constraints. 3. Low ash bituminous; injection grade to Japanese steel mills Sources: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Tables 23 to 27) for Australia, Canada and the US, prior to 2011; Latin America Coal & Power for Colombia prior to 2003, Indonesia Mineral and Coal Statistics for Indonesia prior to 2003; Coal Americas, IHS Energy Publishing Inc. for Colombia and Indonesia 2003 till 2012, IHS McCloskey, McCloskey's Coal Report from 2012 onwards; Republic of S. Africa Minerals Bureau for South Africa prior to 2004, Xavier Provost, private consultant since 2004 and South African Coal Report, IHS Energy Publishing Inc.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Table 6: Coking coal export costs

V.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 7: Coking coal prices for industry

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

29.69 .. 63.67 62.70 .. .. .. .. .. 51.84 62.91 .. .. .. .. 69.79 72.47 .. .. .. 105.55 .. .. .. 175.90 27.50 .. 68.57 64.11 .. 70.23 .. 48.94

24.84 .. 60.40 54.01 .. 44.30 .. .. .. 50.31 63.40 .. .. .. .. 62.38 66.24 .. .. .. 97.88 .. 72.51 .. 68.37 41.02 .. 63.42 64.55 102.86 57.26 .. 59.10

.. .. 61.72 .. .. 52.62 .. .. .. 62.62 63.02 .. .. .. .. 64.88 66.05 .. .. .. 154.34 .. 93.32 .. 52.51 56.55 .. .. .. .. 82.07 .. 52.01

.. .. 57.55 .. .. 64.92 .. .. 101.01 59.55 60.34 .. .. .. .. 60.70 59.35 .. .. .. .. .. 89.69 60.05 43.92 .. .. .. .. .. 86.05 .. 51.52

.. .. 47.21 .. .. 50.73 .. .. 99.78 45.43 .. .. .. .. .. 53.26 43.13 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.11 31.67 .. .. .. .. .. 80.19 .. 48.41

.. .. .. .. 66.19 .. .. .. 158.63 72.00 .. .. .. .. .. 81.00 66.03 72.66 .. .. .. .. .. 95.31 .. .. .. .. .. .. 118.78 .. 66.99

.. .. .. .. 99.08 .. .. .. 196.65 106.19 .. .. .. .. .. 108.96 99.04 116.53 .. .. .. .. .. 114.57 .. .. .. .. .. .. 148.07 .. 91.26

.. .. .. .. 116.90 .. .. .. 203.29 127.95 .. .. .. .. .. 117.95 106.75 119.87 .. .. .. .. .. 94.24 .. .. .. .. .. .. 161.57 .. 101.49

.. .. .. .. 106.47 .. .. .. 225.89 119.55 .. .. .. .. .. 124.19 102.93 110.12 .. .. .. .. .. 111.17 .. .. .. .. .. .. 200.53 .. 103.44

.. .. .. .. 144.74 .. .. .. 382.62 207.93 .. .. .. .. .. 199.90 210.16 247.02 .. .. .. .. .. 221.51 .. .. .. .. .. .. 258.70 .. 128.62

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

.. .. .. .. 196.62 .. .. .. 287.47 197.67 .. .. .. .. .. 152.00 193.60 169.43 .. .. .. .. .. 129.55 .. .. .. .. .. .. 269.73 .. 156.19

.. .. .. .. 130.57 .. .. .. 288.80 209.30 .. .. .. .. .. 185.71 177.94 .. .. .. .. .. .. 187.88 328.98 .. .. .. .. .. 272.14 .. 158.80

.. .. .. .. 248.11 .. .. .. 479.68 278.21 .. .. .. .. .. 254.63 240.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. 253.30 498.32 .. .. .. .. .. 253.81 .. 197.97

.. .. 262.99 .. 222.89 .. .. .. 398.61 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 202.28 .. .. .. .. .. .. 184.16 383.18 .. .. .. .. .. 268.97 .. 200.07

.. .. 190.63 .. 121.50 .. .. .. 352.52 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150.32 .. .. .. .. .. .. 149.15 485.13 .. .. .. .. .. 270.65 .. 195.21

.. .. 156.57 .. 149.25 .. .. .. 338.36 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 125.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. 132.93 497.40 .. .. .. .. .. 233.12 .. 196.86

.. .. 118.36 .. 105.95 .. .. .. 299.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 105.19 .. .. .. .. .. .. 105.45 404.05 .. .. .. .. .. 192.37 .. 184.88

.. .. 116.92 .. 95.75 .. .. .. 322.59 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102.60 .. .. .. .. .. .. 102.50 359.78 .. .. .. .. .. 185.44 .. 176.08

.. .. 245.93 .. 202.16 .. .. .. 425.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 164.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. 177.35 .. .. .. .. .. .. 184.42 .. 172.73

.. .. 232.58 .. 213.53 .. .. .. 446.89 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 172.55 .. .. .. .. .. .. 189.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. 171.37 .. 171.65

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(USD/tce) 1978

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - V.9

Table 8: Steam coal prices for industry

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

.. 90.20 29.62 43.98 .. .. 76.39 .. 51.74 61.82 98.52 93.42 .. .. .. 70.05 71.23 .. .. .. 57.76 36.23 39.79 .. .. 7.88 .. .. 77.55 68.82 .. 49.74 36.26

27.23 65.63 54.28 50.08 .. 19.06 81.93 .. 57.34 89.61 98.18 .. 57.76 .. .. 56.50 66.48 40.62 .. .. 60.33 .. 45.67 .. .. 11.70 .. .. 69.89 70.26 51.63 72.97 44.31

.. 78.84 55.41 .. .. 24.44 119.94 .. 72.35 128.20 185.76 .. 100.92 .. .. 58.84 68.48 61.03 .. .. 62.74 .. 53.13 .. .. 15.25 .. .. 92.56 72.45 79.67 88.51 40.00

.. 82.29 .. .. .. 31.30 84.94 .. 96.93 145.13 .. .. .. .. .. 57.35 60.20 56.01 .. .. .. .. .. 51.77 .. .. .. .. .. 71.06 58.81 65.61 38.59

.. 54.73 .. .. .. 26.96 .. .. 89.47 105.48 .. .. .. .. .. 43.46 43.50 58.36 .. .. .. .. .. 48.83 37.98 .. .. .. .. 60.13 53.26 59.33 37.77

.. 171.25 .. .. .. .. .. .. 140.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. 72.13 63.97 57.88 .. .. .. .. .. 65.40 .. .. .. .. .. 110.07 67.16 86.77 46.79

.. 178.69 .. .. .. .. .. .. 146.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. 83.23 77.36 66.77 .. .. .. .. .. 71.39 .. .. .. .. .. 110.02 78.71 99.65 56.31

.. 181.33 .. .. .. .. .. .. 149.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. 78.59 82.95 60.93 .. .. .. .. .. 81.68 .. .. .. .. .. 111.25 79.99 99.18 61.57

.. 203.12 .. .. .. .. .. .. 166.59 .. .. .. .. .. .. 97.48 93.32 75.29 .. .. .. .. .. 96.84 .. .. .. .. .. 145.85 115.02 113.42 64.85

.. 249.48 .. .. .. .. .. .. 249.09 .. .. .. .. .. .. 163.22 159.64 124.80 .. .. .. .. .. 135.19 .. .. .. .. .. 252.47 152.51 130.65 75.60

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

.. 243.64 .. .. .. .. .. .. 192.19 .. .. .. .. .. .. 129.51 145.62 94.12 .. .. .. .. .. 122.71 .. .. .. .. .. 160.86 139.04 111.10 77.28

.. 208.75 .. .. .. .. .. .. 193.75 .. .. .. .. .. .. 127.19 144.67 .. .. .. .. .. .. 125.20 140.85 .. .. .. .. 181.26 137.83 130.90 76.20

.. 246.67 .. .. .. .. .. .. 362.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. 159.24 184.21 .. .. .. .. .. .. 142.27 176.25 .. .. .. .. 234.07 142.33 166.78 77.52

.. 251.80 238.71 .. .. .. .. .. 322.66 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 180.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. 142.18 202.94 .. .. .. .. 177.96 161.45 165.82 87.90

.. 227.30 178.40 .. .. .. .. .. 311.54 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 151.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. 130.46 165.35 .. .. .. .. 144.10 172.80 176.74 85.76

.. 209.06 153.15 .. .. .. .. .. 310.85 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 134.66 .. .. .. .. .. .. 120.31 147.81 .. .. .. .. 131.00 149.36 185.29 86.49

.. 168.63 117.23 .. .. .. .. .. 282.57 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 112.29 .. .. .. .. .. .. 91.08 89.28 .. .. .. .. 115.17 133.00 148.70 81.22

.. 210.18 111.15 .. .. .. .. .. 310.02 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 106.96 .. .. .. .. .. .. 77.96 179.12 .. .. .. .. 105.99 128.39 112.14 77.36

.. 175.40 177.25 .. .. .. .. .. 363.65 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 140.17 .. .. .. .. .. .. 98.52 .. .. .. .. .. 112.64 115.68 119.11 75.89

.. 180.63 179.37 .. .. .. .. .. 398.32 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 163.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. 119.92 .. .. .. .. .. 136.60 127.27 140.41 75.41

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(USD/tce) 1978

V.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 9: Steam coal prices for electricity generation

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

10.83 173.19 53.08 37.88 .. 10.29 .. .. 51.74 .. 83.97 .. .. .. .. 41.32 90.58 .. .. .. 40.99 .. .. .. 31.26 4.30 .. 42.60 50.00 .. .. 52.18 29.96

19.10 75.95 65.42 .. .. 15.70 56.88 .. 57.34 43.58 82.45 .. 38.53 84.91 .. 57.38 77.86 .. .. 42.40 65.72 .. .. 16.93 65.23 6.55 .. 50.82 50.43 .. 33.65 72.71 43.67

29.05 80.98 59.60 61.02 .. 20.49 .. .. 72.35 57.35 141.95 .. 90.60 63.11 .. 67.72 98.87 .. .. 48.19 71.37 .. .. 17.03 58.90 8.61 .. .. .. .. 31.85 96.26 38.52

.. .. 57.28 .. .. 26.48 .. .. 96.93 55.34 163.77 .. .. 53.27 .. 65.27 89.59 .. .. 39.17 .. .. .. 43.52 50.80 .. .. .. .. .. 62.46 68.61 34.58

.. 56.94 42.95 20.54 32.42 21.88 .. .. 44.40 41.98 42.94 .. .. 34.26 .. .. 48.97 .. .. 48.69 .. .. .. 38.86 34.67 .. .. .. .. .. 50.45 55.02 31.51

.. 86.09 95.02 23.34 51.39 .. .. .. 76.99 71.64 70.87 .. .. 75.99 .. 70.11 .. 50.51 .. 56.82 .. .. .. 54.89 65.92 .. .. .. .. .. 90.65 73.99 35.48

.. 92.70 105.36 28.15 58.27 .. .. .. 82.82 84.41 80.73 .. .. 79.21 .. 83.45 .. 58.44 .. 62.69 .. .. .. 65.18 77.51 .. .. .. .. .. 88.29 81.19 40.50

.. 98.23 82.93 30.01 57.37 .. .. .. 85.36 82.15 78.92 .. .. 69.22 .. 79.24 .. 54.57 .. 64.79 .. .. .. 69.75 66.84 .. .. .. .. .. 86.87 86.73 44.47

.. 101.93 99.07 32.70 69.85 .. .. .. 96.21 94.53 91.38 .. .. 94.31 .. 100.83 .. 63.96 .. 70.26 .. .. .. 79.22 87.61 .. .. .. .. .. 97.12 101.99 46.45

.. 129.35 171.19 33.19 116.66 .. .. .. 164.25 153.44 154.47 .. .. 112.40 169.75 169.04 .. 96.49 .. 80.19 .. .. .. 110.19 162.01 .. .. .. .. .. 113.22 148.79 54.32

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

.. 141.37 100.77 28.67 95.43 .. .. .. 111.56 128.44 111.47 .. .. .. 165.17 122.09 .. 87.54 .. 78.20 .. .. .. 109.84 93.32 .. .. .. .. .. 112.43 105.08 57.91

.. 115.55 .. 35.65 83.62 .. .. .. 116.89 122.04 119.26 .. .. .. 130.47 127.80 .. .. .. 83.49 .. .. .. 107.21 101.19 .. .. .. .. .. 127.32 119.16 59.42

.. 135.44 .. 33.14 106.86 .. .. .. 157.46 144.61 155.06 .. .. .. 189.72 .. .. .. .. 85.87 .. .. .. 115.89 129.86 .. .. .. .. .. 130.86 159.09 62.80

.. 136.77 .. 37.72 96.33 .. .. .. 133.45 .. 128.02 .. .. .. 179.45 .. .. .. .. 87.11 .. .. .. 113.53 103.39 .. .. .. .. .. 135.91 130.16 62.55

.. 145.97 .. 37.80 89.82 .. .. .. 109.08 .. 110.23 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 93.13 .. .. .. 106.07 89.61 .. .. .. .. .. 159.57 119.12 61.51

.. 119.23 .. .. 83.14 .. .. .. 108.49 .. 101.84 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96.58 .. .. .. 102.64 82.69 .. .. .. .. .. 152.34 115.61 62.06

.. 104.37 .. .. 71.97 .. .. .. 85.71 .. 83.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 86.80 .. .. .. 81.09 64.28 .. .. .. .. .. 111.71 92.16 58.45

.. 102.85 .. .. 65.59 .. .. .. 83.11 .. 80.45 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 78.08 .. .. .. 70.09 62.97 .. .. .. .. .. 99.64 90.73 55.46

.. 103.12 .. .. 88.52 .. .. .. 116.18 .. 121.67 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 85.13 .. .. .. 72.94 97.70 .. .. .. .. .. 91.72 117.91 54.04

.. 105.33 .. .. 98.14 .. .. .. 121.81 .. 133.67 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 83.71 .. .. .. 91.09 107.36 .. .. .. .. .. 76.29 126.98 54.16

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(USD/tce) 1978

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - V.11

Figure 5: Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (USD/tonne) 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0

CIF Japan

CIF EU member states

Figure 6: Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (USD/tonne) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40

0

CIF Japan

CIF EU member states

* Prices for 2012 through 2018 are unavailable due to resource constraints.

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20

V.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Figure 7: Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (USD/tonne) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

US domestic

US FOB

Figure 8: Steam coal price CIF EU member states (USD/tonne) and US exports (million tonnes) 160

60

140

50

40

100 80

30

USD/t

Million tonnes

120

60

20

40 10

0

0

US export volume

CIF EU member states

* International trade prices for 2012 through 2018 are unavailable due to resource constraints. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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20

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.1

PART VI

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HISTORICAL TIME SERIES

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.3

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1. PRODUCTION

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.5

Table 1.1: World coking coal production (thousand tonnes)

1978 Australia Belgium Canada Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Japan Mexico New Zealand Norway Poland Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Mozambique South Africa Tanzania Zimbabwe Brazil Colombia India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Chinese Taipei PR of China Georgia Kazakhstan Romania Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran

1980

1985

1990

37668 40086 3805 4036 13780 14151 18553 17403 4664 4114 52239 56036 861 883 8659 6943 3085 3089 11 173 227 160 40845 31495 1800 1333 2964 2435 15110 10050 92201 117716

54835 3484 24371 16465 3388 51401 592 3921 3713 319 174 31143 907 2247 2608 89463

64631 27660 14383 1821 44577 169 2963 578 28793 279 1824 1600 93259

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

79375 103750 128358 162929 189302 190000 179350 28624 28164 30796 28153 25016 28127 27361 10824 8136 7136 6023 3384 2913 2266 439 31686 18862 15171 8145 2164 2285 1415 1645 2214 3520 4022 4399 4566 4735 1474 1310 2446 2341 1171 1173 1213 28714 17222 14071 11658 13204 12481 12040 929 735 648 1088 695 764 731 599 255 274 270 53 39 33 77166 54287 46444 68645 50136 65467 71947

296472 310103 289031 282537 261475 234935 248864 293274 289524 307814 301092 296472 310103 289031 282537 261475 234935 248864 293274 289524 307814 301092 3 23 3863 6953 6161 9718 10605 11142 9308 10165 3204 1640 2797 3742 3704 4430 1 1 946 991 269 612 621 856 692 394 461 483 512 1317 1545 1407 499 106 15 210 1320 1391 1500 1720 1857 1818 1451 3837 4017 4487 5982 13938 18055 25847 36088 28803 22088 23584 41432 54107 35934 49150 10 29 241 616 1222 1947 3350 4300 5578 3415 3836 2500 2543 983 9465 19998 25672 27417 107 3 52604 68222 68370 85657 147206 124113 308648 488492 547017 515107 523714 x x x 574 x x x 29983 12756 10687 10981 11906 15468 15750 10816 2134 1828 3825 1482 349 13 x x x 85458 55645 51035 55505 66884 83764 86180 92977 x x x 7 x x x 62283 25783 27844 23166 17688 6509 5234 4565 139250 143534 134985 x x x x x x x x 678 842 1006 760 914 931 930 984 1214 1383 909

Non-OECD Total

225320 250852 250991 317000 284454 243220 429012 645826 743510 705187 732211

World

521792 560955 540022 599537 545929 478155 677876 939100 1033034 1013001 1033303

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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VI.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 1.2: World steam coal1 production (thousand tonnes)

19732 Australia3 Austria Belgium3 Canada Chile3 Czech Republic France3 Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Japan3 Korea3 Mexico3 Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal3 Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States3

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

55483 31524 67511 93941 111680 135679 171699 200400 249568 252748 257827 1 10362 3982 4182 2357 637 375 109 16 14 16 64 12337 16566 26810 31265 35618 29809 28215 29477 26353 23373 19500 1374 1125 1291 2183 1038 366 544 619 2525 2425 2295 27780 10318 9936 8032 6914 6719 6118 5570 3631 2688 2322 26350 16076 13667 9378 8056 3804 617 261 104407 38456 37448 31976 27172 18514 12847 5963 1914 1551 1347 1186 2498 2088 329 64 60 57 25 1 58 95 101 25090 11084 12460 7985 6317 2964 1249 1145 1288 1328 1010 13571 18625 22543 17217 5720 8300 2832 2084 1726 1486 1200 2494 1480 3970 7675 9130 9203 10585 7692 6790 7069 1829 101 1276 1757 1960 1841 1860 1936 2575 2695 1386 1426 1689 415 128 333 303 292 632 1471 1935 818 131 150 156630 161626 160499 118943 108452 86109 83833 65070 57579 53494 51817 221 177 237 281 9991 15544 21464 19030 17529 14947 11894 8430 1800 2977 2161 12 18 13 11 4642 1721 1881 1197 1386 1679 2410 2613 2070 1875 1856 131985 120047 91503 91162 52438 30943 20224 18076 4125 3002 2548 530064 592462 646472 760388 781461 839685 915996 856492 544311 573643 561707 1116189 1042669 1122645 1199689 1173209 1191225 1271387 1210913 904275 926529 912267 1117563 1043794 1123936 1201872 1174247 1191591 1271931 1211532 906800 928954 914562 333 .. .. 437 794 898 947 985 988 1877 2220 2483 130 138 121 126 58 25 36 565 680 775 526 650 31 12 394 207 35 40 38 16 3 38 2203 4824 5444 327 176 140 90 20 3 8 38 46 46 46 62352 104515 162358 165492 196046 220996 243346 251725 251567 253096 254236 1 15 3 43 79 31 276 563 276 940 570 511 377 152 196 150 1 328 797 328 2806 1777 2835 4733 4072 3629 2929 2500 1175 2446 1636 160 547 166 210 220 457 496 185 202 209 209 451 390 400 276 305 259 25 65 23 20 23 1015 2570 4318 1935 2673 4061 3542 3320 3525 3325 3569 2834 2773 7266 19655 23794 36424 57613 70513 86495 86062 77054 33 41 127 97 51 17 43 88 251 283 217 50 42 40 2189 4064 7885 7195 2730 749 772 749 IEA. All rights reserved.

IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Peru Venezuela

1980

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.7

Table 1.2: World steam coal1 production (continued) (thousand tonnes)

19732 Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia4 DPR of Korea4 Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines4 Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam Other non-OECD Asia PR of China4 Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Ukraine4 Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Non-OECD Total World

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

.. .. .. .. 76588 92945 124621 175096 239477 289340 149 304 1898 10201 41587 78761 23198 40270 49500 43810 31300 29743 111 135 384 .. .. 480 595 1290 70 10 11 43 40 12 468 17 1143 1098 1567 1922 2546 2166 326 1252 1229 1290 1354 3327 2574 1751 469 235 83 5 2990 5200 5594 4638 8350 11609 235 511 151 108 97 243 417000 551928 768902 954163 1191540 1230773 x x x 4038 351 267 223 143 3381 118 x x x 156 75 x x x 98017 67998 64199 x x x 1495 183 104 7172 6232 4832 2964 799 268 x x x 152056 106766 101503 x x x 137 55 176 x x x 475 34 22 x x x 81200 48219 33757 x x x 200 74 92 510600 409466 434015 x x x 576 388 400 x x x 903 83 100 75 170 217

178 383455 169319 34610 788 2192 484 12 2861 2880 33771 420 2008677 4643 9 71807 43 32 153708 24 99 36873 73 x x 626

705 491262 323053 25500 2397 10025 646 15 2350 6650 44835 1252 2827609 5367 45 91740 75 4 155693 200 39971 19 x x 105

1022 603761 460137 31060 2259 5496 317 21 3096 11211 38735 1955 2721190 6 52 81856 248 209098 1311 29367 160 x x 121

1161 56 643302 490409 21660 2989 6287 463 23 2987 11932 38237 2046 2882086 139 41 90910 247 0 226631 1707 19047 124 x x 138

963 676403 543004 31060 2652 10628 316 16 3317 11694 41362 1608 3026353 296 334 96446 275 245436 1908 21582 127 x x 206

1116632 1226030 1574873 1725843 1978644 2124563 3223987 4361745 4551196 4797285 5062256 2234195 2269824 2698809 2927715 3152891 3316154 4495918 5573277 5457996 5726240 5976818

1. Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. From 1978 onwards it comprises anthracite, bituminous coal and 1. sub-bituminous coal. For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Data prior to 1978 are hard coal. Hard coal comprises anthracite, coking coal and other bituminous coal. Sub-bituminous coal data 2. may exist in hard coal for select countries. 3. May include sub-bituminous coal prior to 1978. 4. Data includes lignite for at least some years.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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VI.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 1.3: World lignite1 production (thousand tonnes)

19732 Australia3

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

New Zealand Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United States3

24121 32894 38380 45990 50752 67293 70533 72547 61473 56719 45956 3328 2865 3081 2448 1297 1249 8135 5971 9672 9407 10739 11190 11017 10264 9962 9366 7739 61 40 35 75965 89086 94636 78983 57163 50307 48772 43774 38528 39306 39490 2764 2560 1839 2333 1401 296 366409 389726 434037 357468 192756 167691 177907 169403 171547 171286 166258 13301 23198 35888 51896 57662 63887 69398 56520 32638 37731 36145 25925 22644 21412 17332 14772 14033 9570 9113 9216 7972 7887 1190 1286 1892 956 172 14 100 27 84 752 697 476 420 437 1192 208 247 159 243 213 246 295 313 319 307 39215 36866 57746 67584 63547 59484 61636 56510 60246 61161 58571 5804 5796 5731 4766 3759 3648 2511 2378 1847 1834 1503 x x x 5583 4884 4480 4540 4430 3349 3356 3217 3003 11415 17292 16373 10776 8524 7587 7754 14469 35869 44407 52758 60854 55282 69698 70239 71459 85200 12948 42783 65701 79914 78471 77619 76151 70970 66313 63605 51744

IEA Total OECD Total

591238 681794 823423 780016 596268 586302 591362 562169 522798 521179 501238 591299 681834 823458 785599 601152 590782 595902 566599 526147 524534 504454

Austria Canada Chile3 Czech Republic France3

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Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan3 Mexico3,4

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.9

Table 1.3: World lignite1 production (continued) (thousand tonnes)

19732

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia

.. .. .. .. 1324 1127 1987 2161 3320 5110 8040 14074 7000 .. .. 6043 6562 27 43 38 471 671 824 39 4 3 361 1525 5188 12421 2206 3985 811 1420 2150 2071 x x x x x x 19670 26459 29946 30657 31532 x x x 18 x x x 6644 x x x 529 x x x 3443 x x x .. x x x 2140 x x x .. 17679 27104 37924 33737 x x x 134385 x x x 45800 x x x 450 x x x 9280 x x x 6200 157000 163000 157000 x 31874 40913 68072 x

.. 2420 22146 3729 23 1091 3 18416 80 1640 27449 7 7249 34 3740 .. 280 .. 39973 83317 40540 2296 2980 x x

158 2730 24247 5115 112 928 3 17708 220 30 3401 26314 7516 7 2558 4989 321 .. 29004 87786 36918 802 2410 x x

182 2503 30228 4341 70 2010 20878 322 320 45 4476 24686 6881 5 4409 6554 292 1297 31074 73668 35076 355 2929 x x

275 2095 37733 5723 40 1101 18344 502 10 5618 29379 6724 105 7283 8649 500 1938 31123 76121 37976 3611 x x

247 3480 45230 6672 233 1069 16979 13097 0 13644 31231 5152 297 5750 8801 1603 1398 22980 73485 38440 50 3707 x x

259 1493 46255 6783 274 1311 16259 11597 0 14084 34277 5094 268 6095 7575 1624 1475 25752 74886 39806 53 3915 x x

247 1448 45344 6953 233 1209 14720 14383 14314 30263 4995 139 6433 7170 2032 1596 24161 81379 37649 59 4013 x x

Non-OECD Total

248073 274628 317779 331982 257413 253277 252601 274850 293546 299135 298737

World

839372 956462 1141237 1117581 858565 844059 848503 841449 819693 823669 803192

Niger Brazil4 India DPR of Korea4 Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines4 Thailand Viet Nam Other non-OECD Asia Albania Armenia Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Ukraine4

1980

1985

1. Some countries, most notably the People’s Republic of China and Indonesia, produce and consume lignite, however these data are reported under other coal types included in steam coal and are not shown here. 2. Data before 1978 are brown coal, which may include sub-bituminous coal. 3. Brown coal data excludes sub-bituminous coal. 4. Data are reported as other coal types for at least some years. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I.

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Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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VI.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 1.4: World peat production1 (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

595 x 2211 5244 x

500 x 3626 5209 x

1 500 x 3749 3752 x

1 901 7154 425 6515 253 61

1 483 8026 170 8051 325 63

1 353 4421 145 4808 68 42

1 378 9135 129 3957 12 70

1 361 7490 4992 10 31

102 3031 3187 4 17

32 3085 3593 2 24

92 6380 3871 7 28

-

3

275

581

752

541

708

797

424

377

535

8050 8050

9338 9338

8277 8277

15577 15891

17483 17871

10269 10379

14308 14390

13641 13682

6744 6765

7087 7113

10878 10914

Other Africa Oth. non-OECD Americas Armenia Belarus Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Former Soviet Union

2 12 x x x x 31184

4 12 x x x x 24583

10 15 x x x x 22762

11 15 3457 4714 6450 x

12 15 3145 6 4041 1577 x

4 12 2002 9 1989 487 x

5 13 2308 6 1645 639 x

13 13 2352 3 1066 430 x

10 7 3 1362 7 1197 539 x

10 7 10 2045 7 903 538 x

.. .. .. .. .. 1252 .. x

Non-OECD Total World

31198 39248

24599 33937

22787 31064

14647 30538

8796 26667

Austria Czech Republic Estonia Finland Germany Ireland Latvia Lithuania Sweden IEA Total OECD Total

4503 4616 3877 3125 3520.04 1252.18 14882 19005.9 17559.3 9889.83 10633.4 ..

\

Table 1.5: World oil shale and oil sands production1 (thousand tonnes)

Belgium Estonia

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

x

x

x

22486

13310

11727

14591

17933

17057

21625

25 21968

Israel

-

-

-

303

470

390

429

432

423

449

415

IEA Total

-

-

-

22486

13310

11727

14591

17933

17057

21625

21993

OECD Total

-

-

-

22789

13780

12117

15020

18365

17480

22074

22408

World

-

-

-

22789

13780

12117

15020

18365

17480

22074

..

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.11

Table 1.6: OECD coke oven coke production1

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

4983 1719 7774 5370 315 9383 x 11881 41614 400 1082 7665 52300 318 .. .. 2021 2655 20 282 16938 269 1500 x 4475

4991 1729 6048 5250 303 8725 x 11120 35492 247 975 8264 47463 2965 .. .. 2447 2455 13 349 19598 216 1598 x 3900

3603 1751 5964 4684 301 8328 x 8691 30171 607 7410 48621 5253 .. .. 2924 2958 5 313 15828 275 1909 x 3440

4495 1725 5420 3708 336 7125 41 487 7197 21926 672 6356 47338 8800 2384 2736 373 13516 230 2340 3211

4617 1448 3696 3283 457 4963 40 920 5566 11102 1033 5185 42279 10593 2148 2895 369 11578 331 1861 2438

3739 1385 3104 3242 475 3411 23 910 5234 9115 937 4504 38512 12288 2100 2127 349 8972 371 1706 2470

3494 1404 2856 3305 493 3412 37 894 4445 8397 614 4574 38009 8935 2002 2249 418 8404 1846 2662

3166 1381 1935 2720 361 2548 22 827 3151 8150 1018 4110 36930 13549 2209 2030 458 9844 1658 2051

2481 1352 1205 2194 400 2209 13 882 3127 9387 891 1740 33090 15924 1368 2034 502 9718 1635 1560

2501 1355 1194 2203 370 2489 19 864 3250 9392 955 1647 32534 16020 1295 1964 509 9418 1581 1500

2620 1317 1210 2225 418 2542 14 861 3200 9361 951 1667 32640 16361 1181 1983 486 9493 1592 1427

Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom

533 1251 17776

1188 1937 10060

1203 2711 9276

1084 3158 8350

1149 3131 6274

1146 2925 6206

1411 2992 4364

1197 4274 4023

1171 4239 1348

1155 4310 1379

1105 4530 1280

United States IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania

62803 70194 57621 127197 70509 57621

41850 49547 55432 113901 49850 55432

25992 33600 57482 100835 33901 57482

25053 31145 61006 85574 31481 61006

21545 26976 57858 63610 27433 57858

18876 24218 54888 54546 24693 54888

15168 20475 50856 50561 20968 50856

13628 18557 54103 48219 18918 54103

10755 14317 51997 42511 14717 51997

11746 15244 51563 42472 15614 51563

12525 15931 52108 42531 16348 52108

OECD Europe IEA Total

127197 255012

113901 218880

100835 191917

85574 177725

63610 148444

54546 133652

50561 121892

48219 120878

42511 108824

42472 109279

42531 110569

1. Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. 1. Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. 1. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes)

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.13

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2. CONSUMPTION

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IEA. All rights reserved.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.15

Table 2.1: World coking coal consumption (thousand tonnes)

1

2018p

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

7216 2006 7524 6776 385 12567 12980 41881 213 1740 9909 58724 2009 4053 2953 414 25847 423 2180 x 4863 1227 3429 14988 68885

7049 2371 8010 7321 454 12166 7 14570 50293 384 1695 11237 70203 3987 3973 3521 8 432 25272 363 2336 x 5407 1654 3407 11628 61457

5476 2391 8086 6483 427 11365 6 11332 47825 1043 20 7 10165 73456 6959 3837 4061 6 394 17745 370 2790 x 4908 1620 4825 11122 37246

5932 2337 7157 5023 492 9941 711 9669 42216 971 14 8633 65534 11735 3406 4435 243 18127 313 3136 1 4456 1515 5262 10517 35269

5874 1908 4737 4417 715 6648 1650 7739 33993 1402 6966 58246 16305 3069 4893 140 17405 455 2745 3312 1646 4571 8487 29934

4799 1877 4045 4461 714 4972 1284 6543 24462 1280 6658 55220 19415 3000 4054 1 13332 497 2597 3556 1772 7048 8824 25963

4462 1899 3263 8122 703 4334 1401 6222 22193 808 5630 53534 20883 5403 4682 115 11157 2738 3463 1847 5585 6569 20893

5113 1838 2627 4241 509 3546 1206 4504 15973 1415 5145 54431 27210 5440 3953 67 12336 2490 2498 1868 6614 6372 19152

3686 1816 1638 2378 467 3117 1213 4343 15132 1223 2440 48293 35758 4852 4354 74 13178 2718 1862 1542 6296 2775 14384

3771 1764 1616 2056 471 3421 1261 4517 15825 1320 2309 47347 36208 6037 4394 65 13055 2720 1802 1513 6334 3010 15956

3803 1745 1630 2098 593 3460 1201 4540 13781 1345 2427 46723 36932 5044 4271 117 12702 2709 1436 1476 7690 2314 16685

IEA Americas 79714 72751 47566 43698 37420 IEA Asia Oceania 67949 81247 85897 83444 80565 IEA Europe 145144 154753 140055 129410 108557 OECD Americas 80099 73205 47993 44190 38135 OECD Asia Oceania 67949 81247 85897 83444 80565 OECD Europe excl Estonia 145144 154753 140075 129411 108557

33424 79435 92801 34138 79435 92801

34418 78994 81791 35121 78994 81791

28833 86821 72385 29342 86821 72385

21614 87811 63647 22081 87811 63647

24049 87391 64860 24520 87391 64860

23827 87575 62727 24420 87575 62727

IEA Total OECD Total

292807 308751 273518 256552 226542 205660 195203 188039 173072 176300 174129 293192 309205 273965 257045 227257 206374 195906 188548 173539 176770 174722

IEA. All rights reserved.

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

VI.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 2.1: World coking coal consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

Algeria 50 93 1226 Egypt 975 894 1192 South Africa 7018 7158 6000 Tanzania Zimbabwe 946 991 269 Argentina 990 801 826 Brazil 4869 6154 9602 Colombia 705 716 745 Peru 40 49 50 India 15757 15441 28149 Indonesia DPR of Korea 3857 4286 5000 Mongolia Pakistan 16 98 716 Chinese Taipei 1386 1513 2562 PR of China 52304 66822 62873 Albania 25 25 33 x x x Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria 1921 1926 1553 Croatia x x x Georgia x x x Kazakhstan x x x F.Y.R. of Macedonia x x x Romania 5734 5228 7825 Russian Federation x x x Tajikistan x x x Ukraine x x x Former Soviet Union 129250 131534 123985 Former Yugoslavia 1447 3402 4689 Islam. Rep. of Iran 1107 1700 1344 United Arab Emirates -

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

1

2018p

1005 632 689 950 1339 1540 1820 1810 987 257 598 661 5675 4220 2569 2975 4072 3233 3264 3277 1 1 612 621 856 692 394 461 483 512 1121 589 558 789 686 551 618 618 10489 11093 9936 9742 10993 10398 11295 11302 775 681 587 514 2621 2812 2950 3602 37 51 44 39491 39409 35852 39041 74558 97420 92794 97434 140 98 55 3899 4532 7483 5143 1040 153 41 50 54 1102 1085 950 565 429 4150 4208 5236 4919 5642 6513 6796 7067 80140 139861 119123 310377 531049 601236 582692 587354 62 592 1264 1238 1270 1456 1854 1693 1325 1051 747 686 6 29983 10853 10343 10734 11612 14341 14724 10064 117 70 67 5082 5047 2257 2963 131 10 8 10 53885 50669 43938 44991 49701 62654 64403 64535 7 2 54508 31642 30581 29821 26369 14292 14167 18070 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 986 1388 1626 1484 914 1238 1418 939 946 2172 2560 2896

Non-OECD Total

228397 248831 258639 298990 306406 268499 464108 722576 822766 804622 817332

World

521589 558036 532604 556035 533663 474873 660014 911124 996305 981392 992053

1. Consumption data for 2018p are supplied by OECD member countries. Non-OECD country data are calculated from production and net trade data from varied sources. Stock changes are generally not accounted for, for non-OECD countries, but may be provided or sourced on an ad hoc basis.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.17

Table 2.2: World steam coal 1 consumption (thousand tonnes)

19732 Australia4

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

3

2018p

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States4

27292 27373 34504 43367 45865 56031 64606 56375 51626 53478 55330 2856 500 787 1822 1484 1885 2200 1967 1706 1672 1518 17169 8994 7490 8996 7657 7001 4288 3057 2067 1956 1997 17556 24269 31904 34765 37318 47299 42969 34553 26023 24976 21017 1711 1224 1365 3228 2676 3876 3868 7842 12492 12767 12409 27780 11771 10665 10119 7532 5745 4887 4419 4771 3717 3065 3146 9662 11929 9992 11003 6641 6293 6496 3387 2651 2688 x x x 382 85 87 56 60 27 48 44 3035 5692 5318 4937 4890 3909 3197 5774 3671 3154 2869 40289 33510 25175 19122 14872 15258 14920 12829 9259 10297 8596 105801 46092 45641 44749 40231 44501 41840 45702 45358 37723 34748 651 161 1750 1380 1480 1121 563 614 333 376 431 2137 3249 3456 1435 287 390 1269 653 312 198 156 1 12 49 65 65 101 117 106 124 127 127 822 1066 1579 3184 2689 2938 2988 2000 2241 1788 1208 2927 3720 6568 10591 12124 12310 9185 8279 7980 11603 5787 11729 12694 10480 11355 18610 16616 14602 12885 11412 81690 17496 35935 49433 75284 97970 124699 132122 138884 140933 139320 16329 23803 35546 33041 28329 52384 61389 92838 99152 104460 106866 x x x 917 252 97 120 167 71 70 78 x x x 1303 372 130 284 299 247 253 266 305 346 199 197 217 173 122 102 81 68 63 2810 1480 3970 7550 9566 15004 17194 15087 13878 13977 4794 2452 6215 8393 9363 8658 8296 7912 12124 10289 8814 1268 1760 1804 1841 1755 1882 3925 2286 2022 2018 2190 772 519 724 749 1018 999 795 706 712 832 793 122097 138506 138825 102104 90418 70039 69281 72452 61540 60730 62563 805 241 680 4084 5253 5657 5476 2702 4801 5408 4546 5834 3037 3019 2743 2585 2059 2245 1673 948 1084 1109 x x x 262 328 446 612 498 383 414 425 13260 14715 26058 25788 28696 33695 33471 12163 17330 21349 15937 1060 484 2538 2194 1798 1089 1223 991 1131 1088 1320 258 315 640 481 245 173 179 168 51 53 15 4595 1781 1887 3219 4044 8500 14574 18956 32285 33822 33122 133527 111982 94858 96205 67429 51015 55210 45005 15000 11192 9510 492567 546581 645362 701657 752854 866163 932692 862251 576096 561506 545446

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

512933 126579 502596 514644 126579 502597

Canada Chile4 Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland4 France4 Germany Greece Hungary Iceland4 Ireland Israel Italy Japan4 Korea4 Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico4 Netherlands New Zealand4 Norway Poland Portugal4

IEA Total OECD Total

570850 70432 400862 572074 70432 400874

678746 107789 401162 680111 110716 401211

740392 127682 364969 743620 131402 367516

797722 151233 313756 800398 157801 314773

923028 208267 282888 926904 218858 283662

990665 254619 291983 994533 266743 293116

913998 283621 263017 921840 295931 264087

617206 291684 233736 629698 300869 234561

600360 300889 222381 613127 309168 223245

580440 303705 206524 592849 311685 207420

1142108 1042144 1187697 1233043 1262711 1414183 1537266 1460636 1142626 1123630 1090669 1143820 1043380 1192038 1242538 1272972 1429424 1554391 1481858 1165128 1145540 1111955 IEA. All rights reserved.

Austria Belgium4

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

VI.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 2.2: World steam coal 1 consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Algeria Benin Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Oth. non-OECD Americas Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India 5 Indonesia DPR of Korea5 Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines5 Singapore Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei

63 .. 170 487 70 582 587 .. 289 60408 33 941 2758 233 1072 2842 2859 1 63 13 86 32 53 1 243 .. 12 73410 129 23580 13 .. 74 78 1270 3572

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

3

2018p

120 127 136 .. 466 815 912 1040 1002 932 1672 1991 1800 167 156 169 1 50 526 580 619 16 90 151 156 107 145 268 791 751 798 34 56 63 253 364 668 734 760 731 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4762 4230 6490 6746 7589 288 106 58 56 10 17 37 38 .. .. .. 16 3 20 13 34 42 42 151 94 55 20 3 8 38 46 46 140 152 287 737 613 671 79803 119870 119225 142985 154566 172428 185329 182662 183047 186081 1 15 3 43 79 31 276 563 276 21 21 15 618 471 375 148 130 140 1 328 797 328 1623 2757 4743 3873 3641 2981 2534 2639 2336 1661 628 210 677 841 1151 1241 1573 1265 1308 1308 624 421 246 850 500 594 818 686 618 621 2066 5212 2703 3375 7463 7686 9238 12381 13074 12844 2069 2375 4050 4927 3644 3659 3581 8755 5162 7940 1 1 1 2 1 1 8 0 95 126 153 77 22 22 23 2 2 3 224 17 80 90 631 871 1083 1260 1001 22 215 409 492 1803 1496 2436 61 12 135 241 107 164 289 537 52 55 53 58 51 95 82 66 32 32 51 60 300 84 401 2 1 1 25 57 112 338 664 1075 1182 1150 999 1038 4 1 1 1 4 5 5 7 42 42 355 7 181 52 273 169 174 157 1 125 148 155 235 98 563 642 660 845 1622 3206 3970 4446 .. .. .. 27 1429 2124 2154 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10824 10324 11161 10503 10881 87296 120167 166231 233168 296333 394230 570781 740212 799453 842259 236 925 6320 11892 22580 41933 60000 90561 100939 107608 40170 49200 43310 30900 29383 31806 20947 9714 19695 29460 84 574 2150 2558 3661 10926 23161 29861 32900 35036 .. 480 595 1290 70 1093 1374 2367 2529 2784 221 223 80 15 468 484 646 317 1026 703 83 17 81 123 430 413 505 1149 1318 1365 1098 1567 2320 2546 2166 5139 6188 10117 16670 17710 558 2415 2573 3001 8600 9909 13125 24458 29026 30650 1 692 1458 1065 1 8 5 93 95 2082 2157 2042 4443 8523 13080 22021 41544 54797 57773 58807 59974 60661

IEA. All rights reserved.

19732

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.19

Table 2.2: World steam coal 1 consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

19732 Thailand Viet Nam Other non-OECD Asia PR of China5 Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus6 Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan F.Y.R. of Macedonia Malta Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine5 Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Jordan Lebanon Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

3

2018p

1 94 212 250 2305 3684 8479 17378 17575 19412 16931 2770 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14490 26146 51336 51073 61351 342 657 345 303 244 530 632 1793 3088 3179 2983 414180 559188 741034 975527 1172771 1170486 1996908 2913747 3067900 3125373 3157792 89 135 187 240 167 87 219 430 x x x 552 3 1 1 1 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 504 168 79 618 644 645 x x x 4057 4556 5224 6136 5073 6724 4192 4944 2054 3310 3153 901 924 1001 x x x 403 143 623 1057 1112 1020 584 556 74 97 20 49 52 26 5 23 x x x 546 4 12 13 8 95 144 226 x x x 55823 50342 31309 48836 61120 61244 66848 74552 x x x .. .. 9 12 34 2 2 1 x x x 4014 505 788 1009 1178 911 920 1262 x x x 12 72 97 155 216 156 174 192 300 52 x x x 4510 1315 181 183 186 125 176 142 8490 6781 6880 4269 843 392 715 645 785 825 969 x x x 186148 112597 98284 96447 74840 85398 84463 93365 x x x 137 55 306 227 147 189 150 116 x x x 1044 34 27 103 207 1321 1708 1914 x x x 670 x x x 84932 55256 35306 33825 39726 35570 28611 29355 x x x 2740 81 121 51 27 403 342 335 490220 397576 419445 x x x x x x x x 2540 388 400 x x x x x x x x 948 83 100 75 158 155 590 111 328 398 126 315 215 218 1 1 180 200 200 225 255 259 169 1 1 236 22 609 654 739 170 135 127 145

Non-OECD Total

1101742 1197356 1504247 1715413 1887780 1946983 2972541 4126924 4541493 4694154 4823615

World

2245562 2240736 2696285 2957951 3160752 3376407 4526932 5608782 5706621 5839694 5935569

1. Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. From 1978 onwards it comprises anthracite, bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Data prior to 1978 are hard coal. Hard coal comprises anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal and for certain countries may still include sub-bituminous coal. 3. Consumption data for 2018p are supplied by OECD member countries. Non-OECD country data are calculated from production and net trade data from varied sources. Stock changes are generally not accounted for, for non-OECD countries, but may be provided or sourced on an ad hoc basis. 4. Includes sub-bituminous coal prior to 1978. IEA. All rights reserved.

5. Data includes lignite for at least some years. 6. Please refer to the Geographical notes in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

VI.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 2.3: World lignite 1 consumption (thousand tonnes)

19732 Australia4

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p3

Netherlands New Zealand Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Switzerland United States4

24121 32894 38380 45990 50752 67293 70533 72547 61473 56719 45956 3328 3274 3868 2504 1743 1343 1212 37 10 10 6 95 275 276 195 8058 5682 9788 9358 10899 11208 10614 9688 8713 9439 8287 61 40 35 75965 79822 83854 71772 52300 50372 47622 44214 38216 38661 39035 2775 2570 2418 2094 1516 355 36 52 107 50 67 372497 391753 432521 364050 194811 169942 177885 169743 171041 171214 166292 13000 22692 36214 52053 56962 64564 70096 57704 34230 38061 36321 26896 22600 21127 17899 15242 13503 9511 8921 9046 8143 8161 1299 1385 2041 1089 196 30 8 6 2 2 2 100 27 x x x 3 x x x 1 3 1 1 28 84 2 4 779 720 453 255 325 20 156 103 56 23 30 28 28 35 48 48 1192 208 264 159 243 213 246 292 307 322 308 34282 35308 57565 67391 63196 59488 61589 56593 60390 61184 58527 12784 16039 15784 12481 7221 4213 3307 3051 2420 2349 2063 x x x 5827 4911 4479 4580 4419 3376 3339 3259 3062 11100 17474 16579 10534 8403 7564 13 8 6 39 62 130 122 110 12948 42129 62063 79023 80764 74265 76136 68299 67218 64382 52362

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

21090 47811 71851 88381 91665 85477 87529 78707 76384 74076 60974 25413 33129 38644 46149 50995 67506 70779 72839 61780 57041 46264 553550 602065 708022 654148 456352 436633 435474 409650 383578 391502 395558 21151 47851 71886 88381 91665 85477 87529 78707 76384 74076 60974 25413 33129 38644 46149 50995 67506 70779 72839 61780 57041 46264 553550 602065 708022 659978 461263 441113 440057 414070 386954 394841 398817

IEA Total OECD Total

600053 683005 818517 788678 599012 589616 593782 561196 521742 522620 502796 600114 683045 818552 794508 603923 594096 598365 565616 525118 525958 506056

Austria Belgium4 Canada Chile4 Czech Republic France4 Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan4

IEA. All rights reserved.

Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico4

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.21

Table 2.3: World lignite 1 consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

19732 Niger Brazil India DPR of Korea5

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p3

Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia United Arab Emirates

.. 683045 818552 794508 603923 594096 598365 565616 525118 525958 506056 1280 .. .. .. .. 158 177 273 247 259 247 3762 5059 7913 14985 22298 24824 30239 37688 43102 45884 45344 7000 .. .. 5687 6054 3914 5142 4380 5430 5866 5109 5425 27 43 38 23 112 70 40 657 274 229 471 671 824 1091 928 2010 1101 1069 1311 1365 40 4 3 3 3 250 36 36 1 1 2 2 361 1525 5132 12457 18496 17586 21046 18041 16942 16289 14484 322 2206 4200 45 95 93 13097 11597 14383 810 1420 2150 1843 80 73 54 10 x x x 0 0 x x x 19670 1640 3380 4309 5602 13799 14129 14156 26311 29704 30657 31778 27679 25844 24870 29445 31001 33672 30137 x x x 743 188 80 83 59 50 49 39 1 1 x x x 91 34 15 5 105 287 264 138 x x x 3443 3630 2438 4197 5297 3723 4418 3756 x x x .. .. 5154 6607 8869 9052 7602 7169 x x x 2140 287 341 298 510 1292 1215 1669 x x x 6808 7293 7702 7376 6784 5227 5256 4735 x x x .. .. .. 1287 1908 1361 1383 1507 17690 27364 38404 36872 39810 29313 32324 30830 23218 25575 24683 x x x 134047 82065 88257 73156 76276 69430 70168 73754 x x x 45800 40550 37018 35164 37532 38992 40178 38023 x x x 450 50 54 59 x x x 7983 3000 793 410 x x x 6200 2947 3026 2774 2618 4074 4768 4690 157138 163030 157015 x x x x x x x x 31356 40516 68217 x x x x x x x x 2 -

Non-OECD Total World

247955 274239 317942 334475 257680 255103 253829 269990 285655 290982 287477 848069 957284 1136494 1128983 861603 849199 852194 835606 810772 816941 793532

Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines5 Singapore Thailand Viet Nam Other non-OECD Asia Albania Armenia Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus6 Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan F.Y.R. of Macedonia Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Ukraine5

IEA. All rights reserved.

1. Some countries, most notably the People’s Republic of China and Indonesia, produce and consume lignite, however these data are reported under other coal types included in steam coal and not shown here. 2. Data before 1978 are brown coal, which may include sub-bituminous coal. 3. Consumption data for 2018p are supplied by OECD member countries. Non-OECD country data are calculated from production and net trade data from varied sources. Stock changes are generally not accounted for, for non-OECD countries, but may be provided or sourced on an ad hoc basis. 4. Brown coal data exclude sub-bituminous coal. 5. Data are reported as other coal types for at least some years. 6. Please refer to the Geographical notes in Part I. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

VI.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

1

Table 2.4: OECD coke oven coke consumption

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

4983 2681 8429 5454 333 5913 96 x 877 14783 37220 414 2317 13 2 7099 51800 356 .. .. 3235 2173 2657 20 826 14212 306 2422 x 5349

5077 2674 6542 5519 399 6244 116 x 1224 13180 32691 261 2243 16 8 1 7379 45795 3086 .. .. 2282 2494 2363 13 849 17849 317 1642 x 3917

3520 2993 5789 5212 334 6472 68 x 1218 10353 29657 55 2000 34 22 1 7258 44859 5359 .. .. 1854 3022 2539 6 881 14671 401 2126 x 3758

3300 2403 5265 3412 373 5713 40 20 1272 7714 21127 42 1183 30 29 6413 45786 8800 11 1447 2504 2339 373 529 9854 240 2833 70 3365

3952 2354 4287 3682 590 3857 43 1 1192 6219 14879 12 990 18 6 5656 39140 10593 8 521 2584 2454 369 500 8294 296 1964 57 3131

3456 2436 3928 3429 506 3144 40 2 1429 6119 14982 1 804 47 5041 38320 12288 11 13 1 2729 2027 349 559 5762 323 1815 72 1923

2729 2664 2951 3530 540 2949 34 1416 5043 12134 4 751 33 5271 38284 9276 7 18 1 2390 2082 418 356 3399 5 1984 60 2027

2801 2544 1689 3061 319 2668 23 1270 4234 12299 1 754 30 3938 37288 14178 3 16 1 2599 2144 458 425 3165 3 2078 33 1841

2137 2259 1442 2957 326 2162 12 1068 3323 11060 505 25 2451 33986 16264 16 1 2477 1978 502 411 2916 12 1770 27 1504

2335 2508 1455 3246 321 2066 12 972 3519 10817 722 22 2001 32604 16354 0 17 1 2383 1980 509 425 3228 12 1794 30 1433

2145 2133 1437 3095 317 2199 13 1055 3857 10790 733 22 1941 32660 16681 19 0 2342 1932 486 428 2991 9 1803 27 1604

Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1900 185 1251 17034 64235

1618 131 1954 7296 37446

1494 82 2803 9209 26553

1422 43 3256 8244 25230

1496 31 3201 6517 22180

1495 27 3592 6114 21085

1701 20 3428 5001 16547

1424 18 4454 3424 13469

1262 16 5056 2461 10810

1325 14 5092 2316 10721

1239 15 5257 2163 11772

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

71862 45459 34787 57159 53971 53744 129219 112780 105703 72195 45858 35121 57161 53972 53745 129219 112796 105737

31146 58259 84793 31519 58259 84904

28446 54054 67901 29036 54054 67984

27243 54413 61564 27749 54413 61707

22467 50707 53221 23007 50707 53339

19129 54725 48397 19448 54725 48479

16244 52889 41669 16570 52889 41737

16350 51802 41693 16671 51802 41762

17209 51973 41597 17527 51973 41665

IEA Total OECD Total

258240 212210 194234 174198 150401 143220 126395 122251 110802 109845 110779 258575 212626 194603 174682 151074 143869 127053 122652 111196 110235 111164

1. Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. 1. Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. 1. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.23

IEA. All rights reserved.

3. TRADE

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.25

Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade (million tonnes) Steam coal

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Total coal1

Coking coal

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

296.2 319.8 343.6 359.1 362.4 423.9 462.8 473.0 528.1 560.3 602.8 679.2 697.6 688.3 713.3 785.7 894.5 969.1 1031.7 1022.4 953.2 969.5 1025.2 1067.4

240.3 268.0 283.7 287.0 303.4 355.4 387.4 411.7 454.5 488.4 529.7 592.7 617.0 599.4 638.5 700.3 809.2 879.4 926.9 912.7 865.3 898.1 929.3 905.6

195.1 193.5 197.0 184.4 179.0 186.0 193.7 181.7 186.2 190.4 206.2 200.2 215.1 234.7 210.3 275.6 269.9 283.9 294.8 314.6 305.2 313.2 324.5 336.8

173.2 173.4 178.1 169.6 166.8 170.2 176.4 167.0 172.2 173.6 186.6 183.7 196.5 212.1 190.5 242.2 232.4 247.9 261.3 286.1 288.6 283.0 287.0 304.0

500.8 521.9 546.7 549.4 546.6 614.8 661.6 658.3 717.6 753.3 812.2 882.8 916.6 927.3 927.1 1066.2 1168.1 1260.6 1332.9 1345.9 1267.8 1292.7 1363.4 1420.1

420.9 446.7 466.7 460.4 474.1 528.3 567.2 581.9 630.6 664.3 717.2 778.9 816.4 813.8 829.9 943.9 1043.0 1131.9 1190.1 1202.0 1162.3 1185.9 1223.8 1233.6

1. Total coal is steam coal + coking coal + lignite. SPACE

Table 3.2: World total coal trade OECD

(million tonnes) Oth. Eur. Africa +

Asia

Europe

+ Eurasia

Mid. East

North

Latin

Balancing

America

America

item

World

Exporters

2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018

2017

2018

Australia Canada Poland United States Other OECD

206.5

Total OECD

228.5

PR of China Colombia Indonesia Kazakhstan Russian Fed. South Africa Oth. non-OECD Tot. Imp./Exp.

40.0

19.5

0.9

-

2.0

0.8

0.0

-

13.6

378.9

381.9

13.6

3.5

32.5

16.1

9.4

4.1

1.7

0.4

0.2

0.2

2.0

0.7

2.5

1.0

-30.9

4.0

31.1

29.9

-

-

-

-

14.9

5.3

1.4

0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-8.9

-0.5

7.3

5.2

8.2

4.3

45.5

27.1

61.9

31.6

12.0

6.9

9.8

7.9

18.4

8.4

18.5

10.6

-86.3

8.1

88.0

104.9

-

2.8

1.1

21.7

8.3

0.7

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

-19.1

-4.0

6.7

5.8

67.9 419.0 164.0 147.8

68.8

16.7

7.8

12.1

9.1

20.5

9.1

34.7

14.9 -367.4 186.2

512.0

527.8

0.3

60.1 338.1 119.8

3.2 -222.2 178.5

3.6

1.2

7.0

2.5

0.3

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.1

-

-3.0

2.1

8.0

6.0

3.4

1.1

18.6

3.8

94.7

40.0

0.2

0.1

7.9

-

27.5

11.3

24.3

14.0

-74.0

11.6

102.7

81.9

15.6 334.9

52.7

11.7

5.9

0.2

0.1

0.1

-

1.3

0.8

0.1

-

-11.6 363.8

393.8

439.0

-

2.2

1.3

53.8

24.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-27.1

-0.4

29.2

25.8

31.4 157.4

76.5

31.6

1.6

13.3

-

0.4

0.2

2.0

2.5 -170.8

90.6

189.7

209.9

57.1 0.3 33.3

-

-

7.0 122.5

0.2

-

73.8

13.7

21.0

6.7

1.6

0.1

7.5

-

0.1

0.0

0.2

-

-33.3

48.7

71.1

69.3

1.5

0.3

69.9

3.8

11.4

4.3

10.2

6.1

5.1

-

0.0

0.1

1.2

1.0

-42.6

45.1

56.9

60.6

93.2 996.6 193.9 445.4 203.1 110.2

33.3

40.1

-

49.8

21.6

48.8

327.9

32.1 -655.5 842.9 1363.4 1420.1

Notes: The data in this table come from a variety of sources. The columns for OECD Europe, Japan and North America hold import Notes: statistics from those regions and countries. The data in the rows from Australia to Total OECD, except the data in the columns Notes: mentioned above, are export statistics from these countries and regions. The data in the World column are based on export Notes: statistics. Other data are based on national and international sources and estimates, with this itemised trade data stored in an Notes: independent database. Trade aggregates may differ from data reported elsewhere. There are additional uncertainties in the Notes: regional breakdown of the different types of coal. The Balancing item is used to account for this. In addition, the Balancing Notes: item accounts for regional differences in national methodologies countries use to classify their coal imports and exports, coal Notes: in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, confidentiality, and reporting discrepancies by importing and exporting countries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Japan

Other

VI.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3.3: World steam coal trade

Exporters Australia Canada Poland United States Other OECD Total OECD

(million tonnes) Other OECD Oth. Eur. Africa + North Latin Balancing Japan America Item Asia Europe + Eurasia Mid. East America 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018

2017

2018

149.6

202.7

62.7

4.6

2.0

-

-

0.4

-

0.0

-

3.7

94.4

201.7

2.9

0.7

2.1

0.0

0.6

0.2

-

-

-

-

0.4

0.0

-

-

-3.9

0.1

2.0

0.9

-

-

-

-

9.1

2.2

0.6

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-5.4

-0.3

4.3

2.0

2.5

1.1

26.3

17.3

33.2

16.2

0.2

0.3

6.1

5.4

10.3

4.5

4.0

2.2

-44.7

2.1

37.8

49.1

-

-

1.0

0.2

16.1

5.9

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-14.6

-3.8

3.2

2.6

45.0 202.4

80.1

63.5

26.6

1.3

0.6

6.7

5.5

10.7

4.5

7.7

2.5 -198.2

92.5

249.1

257.3

155.0

PR of China 3.4 Colombia 1.0 Indonesia 56.5 Kazakhstan Russian Fed. 29.0 South Africa 0.2 Oth. non-OECD 1.4 Tot. Imp./Exp. 246.4

43.3 173.0

0.3 -129.6

World

1.2

5.7

2.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.1

-

-1.4

1.6

7.9

4.9

0.5

18.6

3.8

93.8

39.2

0.2

0.1

7.9

-

27.5

10.9

24.3

14.0

-72.2

11.1

101.2

79.5

15.4 334.1

52.7

11.1

5.8

0.0

0.1

0.1

-

1.3

0.8

0.1

-

-13.6 360.6

389.5

435.4

-

2.2

1.3

47.1

22.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-23.3

-1.1

26.0

22.2

25.1 145.3

70.3

18.3

1.5

13.3

-

0.4

0.2

1.8

2.5 -154.2

67.0

158.3

172.6

-

-

6.0 104.3 -

73.7

13.7

20.6

6.5

1.6

0.1

7.5

-

0.1

0.0

0.2

-

-33.9

47.7

70.0

68.2

0.3

37.9

1.5

7.5

2.0

8.1

5.7

2.0

-

0.0

0.1

1.2

1.0

-34.7

16.8

23.3

27.3

68.4 796.8 142.4 343.1 151.2

78.5

29.8

36.0

-

40.0

16.6

35.6

20.3 -551.3 638.7 1025.2 1067.4

Notes: The data in this table come from a variety of sources. The columns for OECD Europe, Japan and North America hold import Notes: statistics from those regions and countries. The data in the rows from Australia to Total OECD, except the data in the columns Notes: mentioned above, are export statistics from these countries and regions. The data in the World column are based on export Notes: statistics. Other data are based on national and international sources and estimates, with this itemised trade data stored in an Notes: independent database. Trade aggregates may differ from data reported elsewhere. There are additional uncertainties in the Notes: regional breakdown of the different types of coal. The Balancing item is used to account for this. In addition, the Balancing Notes: item accounts for regional differences in national methodologies countries use to classify their coal imports and exports, coal Notes: in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, confidentiality, and reporting discrepancies by importing and exporting countries.

Table 3.4: World coking coal trade

1

Australia Canada Poland United States Other OECD Total OECD PR of China Colombia Indonesia Kazakhstan Russian Fed. South Africa Oth. non-OECD Tot. Imp./Exp.

56.9

2017

2018

57.1

35.4

17.5

0.9

-

1.5

0.8

-

-

9.9

2.9

-92.6

84.1

177.2

179.2

10.7

2.8

30.4

16.1

8.8

3.9

1.7

0.4

0.2

0.2

1.4

0.6

2.5

1.0

-26.9

3.9

28.9

28.9

-

-

-

-

5.2

2.8

0.8

0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-3.2

-0.2

2.8

2.9

5.7

3.2

19.3

9.8

28.7

15.4

11.7

6.5

3.7

2.6

8.1

3.9

14.5

8.4

-41.6

6.0

50.1

55.8

-

1.8

0.9

3.5

1.5

0.1

0.0

0.0

-

0.0

0.0

0.1

-

-3.3

-0.0

2.6

2.4

22.9 216.6

83.9

81.6

41.1

15.3

7.2

5.4

3.6

9.6

4.5

27.0

12.3 -167.5

93.8

261.6

269.2 1.1

0.3 73.5

16.8 165.1

World

0.2

0.1

1.4

0.5

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-1.6

0.5

0.1

2.4

0.7

0.1

0.0

0.8

0.8

-

-

-

-

-

0.4

-

-

-1.8

0.5

1.5

2.4

0.7

0.2

0.8

0.0

0.6

0.1

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.1

3.3

4.3

3.6

0.3

-

-

-

0.0

-

2.1

0.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-1.3

0.2

1.0

0.9

4.3

1.0

18.2

6.3

11.9

6.0

13.2

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

-

-25.0

13.1

22.8

26.4

-

-

0.0

-

0.4

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.6

1.0

1.0

1.2

0.1

-

31.8

2.3

3.9

2.2

0.7

0.0

3.1

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

-7.6

27.5

32.1

32.0

24.8 199.6

51.5

99.4

50.5

25.2

0.7

4.1

-

9.6

4.9

13.3

11.8 -108.1 192.5

324.5

336.8

81.5

Notes: The data in this table come from a variety of sources. The columns for OECD Europe, Japan and North America hold import Notes: statistics from those regions and countries. The data in the rows from Australia to Total OECD, except the data in the columns Notes: mentioned above, are export statistics from these countries and regions. The data in the World column are based on export Notes: statistics. Other data are based on national and international sources and estimates, with this itemised trade data stored in an Notes: independent database. Trade aggregates may differ from data reported elsewhere. There are additional uncertainties in the Notes: regional breakdown of the different types of coal. The Balancing item is used to account for this. In addition, the Balancing Notes: item accounts for regional differences in national methodologies countries use to classify their coal imports and exports, coal Notes: in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, confidentiality, and reporting discrepancies by importing and exporting countries. 1. Includes exports of soft and semi-soft coking coal used for pulverised coal injection (PCI).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Exporters

(million tonnes) Other OECD Oth. Eur. Africa + North Latin Balancing Japan Asia Europe + Eurasia Mid. East America America Item 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.27

Table 3.5: World coal imports - regional aggregates

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

World

OECD

Non OECD

498773

365610

133163

19297

180274

166039

511321

378414

132907

23204

183653

171557

535777

399097

136680

27064

197184

540975

403239

137736

32408

543672

410116

133556

615190

457159

651335

Non-OECD Africa M. East

Americas

Asia

Europe Eurasia

5959

13467

61833

51904

7247

14448

65862

45350

174848

7638

14348

72265

42429

193268

177563

8997

14690

72125

41924

35561

202782

171773

8651

14580

80531

29794

158031

41420

225169

190570

9971

15386

91115

41559

482396

168939

48655

232444

201297

11075

15013

99187

43664

675041

492862

182179

47103

245858

199901

12186

15965

115799

38229

719085

521302

197783

55451

252570

213280

11881

16665

121473

47764

776869

556531

220338

52502

273475

230555

11924

17512

146494

44408

798605

558813

239792

60018

267514

231281

12329

17677

166775

43011

862938

593841

269097

66398

272824

254619

12897

16782

190949

48469

909649

605081

304568

63548

289491

252042

12543

18759

221893

51373

929040

607635

321405

63248

297065

247321

12846

19021

231454

58084

948996

537355

411641

45774

279258

212323

10999

16143

344530

39969

1087409

573936

513473

44968

316615

212353

11524

20134

435307

46508

1167304

584872

582432

38387

316045

230440

10688

22348

494468

54928

1286837

605371

681466

35276

320891

249205

13344

21149

592581

54392

1366428

616320

750108

34424

335504

246392

12361

23589

662079

52079

1386475

606322

780153

35175

328616

242531

15469

25577

688368

50739

1262912

595121

667791

35438

334745

224938

14688

26039

579131

47933

1313632

570561

743071

35119

329630

205811

15465

25053

655214

47339

1374790

583123

791667

36470

334919

211733

16267

26126

692758

56516

1423971

571559

852412

32702

335473

203384

16799

27028

749341

59244

Table 3.6: World sub-bituminous and lignite imports - regional aggregates Non-OECD

World

OECD

Non OECD

11852

10381

1471

431

2438

7512

-

-

271

1200

14226

10960

3266

1277

2518

7165

-

-

779

2487

13907

11274

2633

1749

3491

6034

-

-

1514

1119

15317

12339

2978

3111

4600

4628

-

-

2284

694

17354

14187

3167

5347

4150

4690

-

-

2796

371

21009

14652

6357

5205

5469

3978

-

-

5832

525

25521

16832

8689

6927

5907

3998

-

-

7769

920

27751

20431

7320

13973

3751

2707

-

-

6860

460

22991

14194

8797

10053

2070

2071

-

-

7280

1517

22860

13375

9485

7891

3432

2052

-

-

7984

1501

23639

15743

7896

9345

3884

2514

-

-

5722

2174

28498

18577

9921

10761

4888

2928

-

-

7383

2538

28890

17535

11355

10674

4095

2766

-

-

7961

3394

40319

19586

20733

12556

3669

3361

-

-

18306

2427

41897

13264

28633

6214

4201

2849

1

-

26910

1722

53150

13028

40122

5302

5289

2437

2

257

37695

2168 3795

Africa M. East

Americas

Asia

Europe/ Eurasia

80997

8643

72354

1827

4518

2298

1

378

68180

115235

7357

107878

1342

2988

3027

-

353

103860

3665

116947

7753

109194

2604

2433

2716

2

323

105776

3093

142489

11394

131095

2472

5306

3616

1

376

126737

3981

114509

14629

99880

4194

7229

3206

-

354

95164

4362

110489

13909

96580

4986

6948

1975

-

212

91917

4451

128241

17211

111030

5034

10158

2019

0

207

106393

4430

150293

16007

134286

4773

9385

1849

0

381

129543

4361

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

VI.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3.7: World coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

Germany

Spain

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

UK

India

PR of China

Chinese Japan Taipei

Korea

14294

13243

17184

13889

15896

6533

9735

22734

12512

1635

28757 127353

45831

13041

15800

18298

12130

17799

6464

12207

20081

13175

3217

31148 130423

46074

13015

13641

22182

11340

19757

6792

14469

20804

16440

2013

36219 136383

51997

12830

18456

24193

14554

21244

7914

18657

21822

16535

1586

37093 130046

53586

10995

17878

24731

20098

20293

8245

19759

16047

19700

1673

41104 138615

54569

11347

19032

29744

21649

23446

11351

23231

25528

20930

2178

45409 150341

64895

12681

16019

35508

18916

35542

18751

23627

28062

20548

2661

49091 154614

66381

9906

18165

33455

24514

28687

16181

22061

20866

23260

11258

51814 161328

71708

9390

16810

34774

21552

31891

22721

22568

25344

21683

11098

54670 166449

73405

9790

19500

39553

24473

36153

24749

19223

22429

28950

18614

60483 180835

78963

8804

19887

37114

24756

43968

27634

21086

22643

38586

26216

60252 176987

76758

8056

20428

45329

23704

50528

32882

20866

26083

43081

38222

62311 179124

79707

7415

19009

46314

24439

43364

32973

18467

23711

49794

51602

65232 186994

88285

7431

21355

45455

20967

43876

31032

20561

31267

65201

43626

63840 184108

99584

4806

15459

38485

17038

38167

20538

12975

24146

96161

131880

58635 163731

102982

6275

17631

45725

12817

26540

17556

12617

25540

121849

184352

63155 185411

118591

5937

16492

47845

16168

32528

11873

9442

32392

135750

222242

66589 174053

129150

5374

17760

49034

22414

44816

8308

9816

30275

164228

288786

64629 182556

124268

5363

18369

54337

13662

50611

8078

8553

29403

191211

327182

65951 195609

126507

5229

14120

53753

16394

42225

10297

7819

26843

243536

291586

65781 185985

131032

4088

13436

54548

18735

22518

10269

7568

24140

207819

204132

64759 189239

133904

3536

12665

57783

13830

8494

8935

6319

24020

192128

281968

65627 185891

134461

3442

14971

50516

19089

8497

7055

7464

29039

209372

284330

67591 186956

138882

3847

13466

44393

15773

9915

5402

6891

28226

240190

295419

66513 185064

142000

Table 3.8: World sub-bituminous and lignite imports - selected countries France

Germany

Spain

UK

India

PR of China

Chinese Japan Taipei

Korea

195

53

2132

481

-

429

-

-

-

-

59

-

2438

227

42

1950

136

-

808

467

-

-

-

241

-

2518

219

37

2151

-

-

782

965

89

-

-

442

-

3491

196

32

1944

-

-

946

2163

22

-

-

2010

-

4600

159

37

2053

-

-

580

3630

3

-

-

2435

-

4150

-

52

1796

-

-

124

4441

10

-

-

4701

-

5469

-

59

1997

-

-

880

3486

242

-

-

6017

-

5906

-

23

848

-

-

994

8074

-

-

-

5244

-

3751

-

42

35

-

-

932

9117

127

-

-

5141

-

1741

-

40

17

-

-

1461

6426

170

-

-

5726

-

2610

-

36

9

-

-

1625

7716

253

-

-

4797

-

2862

-

37

53

-

-

2264

8494

341

-

-

5250

-

3706

-

51

27

-

-

2483

8188

270

-

-

5888

-

3486

-

67

28

-

-

3179

9374

275

10591

-

5821

-

3160

-

51

10

-

-

1595

4615

338

20841

-

5800

-

3562

-

52

-

-

-

1503

3795

681

30590

-

4244

-

5090

-

83

-

-

-

524

1300

2048

52382

-

12945

-

4215

-

76

-

-

-

386

953

1673

85155

-

16085

-

2834

-

144

18

-

-

312

2289

1530

89764

-

13318

-

1803

-

155

13

-

-

774

1695

1552

110861

-

13247

-

4865

-

118

20

-

-

2214

1518

1531

77860

-

11429

-

6824

-

99

26

-

-

2090

1272

2296

70256

-

12532

-

6569

-

61

30

-

-

1467

1389

2321

84092

-

12304

-

9769

3

67

21

-

-

1589

1174

2160

100528

-

11566

-

9000

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

Belgium

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.29

Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

World

OECD

Non OECD

178831

133766

45065

5662

75397

52707

180491

136893

43598

6493

76158

54242

182667

136938

45729

6167

74667

176451

135924

40527

7546

167816

130154

37662

177281

138273

169337

Non-OECD Africa M. East

Americas

Asia

Europe Eurasia

2960

11572

15893

14640

3305

11932

15559

12802

56104

3409

11401

19292

11627

69941

58437

4116

11062

16798

8551

7196

70354

52604

3771

10336

17587

5968

39008

8353

74795

55126

4217

10446

17650

6695

131186

38151

7673

72676

50837

4113

10363

17704

5971

172102

131276

40826

8184

75039

48053

5071

10029

19616

6110

174283

129250

45033

6720

75404

47126

4979

10338

21690

8026

196297

139358

56939

7457

80056

51844

5102

10359

30202

11276

192483

135052

57431

8267

74161

52623

5063

10184

29729

12455

194103

138958

55145

8100

75015

55843

5119

9947

27848

12231

206221

144340

61881

7083

77939

59318

4610

11059

33337

12875

212019

145065

66954

7438

78476

59151

4912

11483

38844

11715

205476

114917

90559

4249

69946

40722

3851

9902

70181

6625

254892

141562

113330

6458

82606

52498

4084

11458

87816

9972

258751

143060

115691

7421

82962

52677

3648

12450

85659

13934

262346

137006

125340

6795

81123

49088

4574

11263

94764

14739

287784

137389

150395

7099

81943

48347

3577

11284

125627

9907

293258

139578

153680

8005

81387

50186

4246

11692

125426

12316

259372

134259

125113

7870

80872

45517

3084

10975

103162

7892

276951

137076

139875

5244

83567

48264

3004

11249

115568

10054

299160

138459

160701

5482

83241

49736

3784

12213

132846

11858

299740

139238

160503

5518

83227

50492

3615

11869

129093

15925

Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates Non-OECD

World

OECD

Non OECD

312213

225503

86710

13633

104877

106993

2999

322163

235365

86798

16709

107495

111161

3942

346800

256840

89960

20895

122517

113428

359822

263344

96478

24814

123327

371666

276172

95494

28319

434301

315846

118455

477820

347962

500720

359827

542305

Africa M. East

Asia

Europe Eurasia

1895

45728

36088

2516

50279

30061

4229

2947

52873

29911

115203

4881

3628

55289

32680

132428

115425

4880

4244

62914

23456

32983

150374

132489

5754

4940

73422

34339

129858

40897

159769

147296

6962

4650

81473

36773

140893

38794

170819

150214

7115

5936

96183

31659

391017

151288

48618

177166

165232

6902

6327

99783

38276

578629

416271

162358

44926

193418

177926

6822

7153

116289

32094

603773

422720

181053

51619

193353

177749

7266

7493

137046

29248

665851

453455

212396

58104

197809

197542

7778

6835

163101

34682

700600

459391

241209

56354

211552

191485

7933

7700

188553

37023

714404

460958

253446

55687

218590

186681

7934

7538

192610

45364

741155

420994

320161

41389

209312

170293

7147

6241

274349

32424

830019

431163

398856

38367

234009

158787

7438

8676

347491

35251

904238

440420

463818

30827

233083

176510

7039

9898

408776

38105

1020189

466491

553698

28335

239768

198388

8770

9886

497802

37240

1074710

477287

597423

27191

253561

196535

8782

12305

536422

39914

1087351

464131

623220

27047

247229

189855

11222

13885

562942

35171

Americas

997649

458586

539063

27452

253874

177261

11604

15064

475925

36470

1030916

432099

598817

29775

246063

156261

12461

13804

538904

33648

1070078

442986

627091

30881

251678

160427

12482

13914

559682

41013

1118866

430874

687992

27102

252246

151526

13184

15159

619846

39803

Notes: Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

VI.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

PR of Chinese Japan China Taipei

Korea

5267

7300

1427

3244

7754

-

4129

2215

9378

-

4390

58246

17151

5325

7387

2189

3318

8245

-

4833

1708

10617

-

3946

57932

18226

4328

7235

2536

3745

8072

-

4301

1274

11745

398

6033

57272

17395

4195

7052

4299

3905

8646

1050

4597

292

10023

103

5636

51962

17979

3953

6950

3519

3548

8020

1065

4041

2

10992

263

5375

53127

17227

3818

6543

4608

3755

8462

1547

4296

200

11063

339

5158

55220

19575

4169

6942

3984

3424

7723

2091

3987

-

11107

277

5373

54777

17899

3363

6405

5174

3425

6315

2207

4315

-

12947

256

5272

55036

20003

3220

5577

5504

3321

6474

1556

3272

-

12992

2605

5274

55089

20315

3577

6798

6875

4043

6345

1987

3429

-

16925

6830

5078

58248

21808

3533

6255

7152

3571

6551

1603

4199

866

16891

7207

4968

53534

20627

3490

5995

8692

3622

6774

1533

4252

167

17877

4677

4872

54933

20081

3247

6191

9627

3682

7481

1515

3352

-

22029

6291

4483

55406

22532

2993

7239

9255

3371

6349

1580

3286

1450

25364

7416

4757

54392

24083

1666

3581

6448

2058

5264

947

2200

225

31145

34417

4119

49287

20659

2801

4615

7793

2777

6634

1385

3092

847

34726

47082

5524

54431

28160

2704

3946

8778

2505

5908

1446

3770

2485

34652

44654

6036

50671

32234

2455

5143

9256

2260

5071

1015

4382

1903

35293

53610

5519

49540

31545

2191

5634

7790

2527

6246

876

3378

1846

42725

75421

6727

51708

30194

1921

5351

9710

1631

6344

1448

3907

1181

53192

62440

6870

48130

33176

1694

4332

7845

1721

4750

1558

3872

771

45750

47999

6405

46838

33933

1477

4463

12320

1767

2781

870

3451

633

45781

59307

6581

48293

35254

1631

4290

12847

1767

2692

654

3794

978

51814

69901

6599

47347

35851

1680

4648

12370

1621

2417

623

3803

749

51837

64718

7069

46722

36482

PR of Chinese Japan China Taipei

Korea

Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

8832

5890

13625

10645

8142

6533

5606

20519

3134

1635

24367

69107

7489

8371

14159

8812

9554

6464

7374

18373

2558

3217

27202

72491

27848

8468

6369

17495

7595

11685

6792

10168

19441

4695

1615

30186

79111

34602

8439

11372

17950

10649

12598

6818

14060

21508

6512

1483

31457

78084

35607

6883

10891

19159

16550

12273

7139

15718

16042

8708

1410

35729

85488

37342

7529

12437

23340

17894

14984

9724

18935

25318

9867

1839

40251

95121

45320

8512

9018

29527

15492

27819

16581

19636

27820

9441

2384

43718

99838

48482

6543

11737

27433

21089

22372

13853

17744

20866

10313

11002

46542 106292

51705

6170

11191

29235

18231

25417

21058

19294

25217

8691

8493

49396 111360

53090

6213

12662

32661

20430

29808

22648

15793

22259

12025

11784

55405 122586

57155

5271

13596

29953

21185

37417

25903

16886

21524

21695

19009

55284 123453

56131

4566

14396

36584

20082

43754

31158

16614

25575

25204

33545

57439 124191

59626

4168

12767

36660

20757

35883

31350

15115

23441

27765

45311

60749 131588

65753

4438

14049

36172

17596

37527

29333

17274

29542

39837

36210

59083 129717

75501

3140

11827

32027

14980

32903

19461

10773

23583

65016

97463

54516 114444

82323

3474

12964

37932

10040

19906

16036

9521

24012

87123

137270

57631 130980

90431

3233

12463

39067

13663

26620

10298

5665

27859

101098

177588

60553 123382

96916

2919

12541

39778

20154

39745

7161

5423

26699

128935

235176

59110 133016

92723

3172

12591

46529

11135

44365

7090

5156

26027

148486

251761

59224 143901

96313

3308

8614

44030

14763

35881

8748

3893

24110

190344

229146

58911 137855

97856

2394

8986

46683

17014

17768

8611

3684

21838

162069

156133

58354 142401

99971

2059

8103

45437

12063

5713

7978

2858

21091

146347

222661

59046 137598

99207

1811

10620

37639

17322

5805

6314

3653

25740

157558

214429

60992 139609

103031

2167

8750

32002

14152

7498

4711

3079

25317

188353

230701

59444 138341

105518

Notes: Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal for all countries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

28680

IEA. All rights reserved.

Belgium France

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.31

Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke1 imports

Australia

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p

-

-

-

-

-

-

22

14

189

186

235

Austria

1055

986

1274

815

718

981

1402

1252

848

941

823

Belgium

1110

1261

676

822

1259

1108

152

60

225

274

258

Canada

357

267

340

339

818

631

948

760

979

845

962

11

148

53

44

51

27

68

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

320

602

510

885

498

244

261 15

Chile Czech Republic Denmark

129

112

75

41

45

47

36

22

11

12

Estonia

x

x

x

12

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

Finland

832

1229

1231

786

274

505

505

441

323

255

311

France

3646

3000

2147

1109

885

1448

1525

1270

370

494

607

Germany

4497

4202

2693

2001

2601

5987

3793

4310

2388

2297

2267

Greece

45

35

53

32

11

1

4

1

-

-

-

1207

1468

1486

478

351

5

205

10

26

105

95

Iceland

-

16

34

30

18

47

33

25

25

22

22

Ireland

13

8

22

29

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

82

101

134

115

745

506

848

18

985

684

654

Hungary

Israel Italy Japan

-

-

-

262

493

2468

2501

879

1988

1213

1515

Korea

38

121

106

-

-

-

341

629

340

335

320

Latvia

x

x

x

12

8

11

8

3

-

0

-

Lithuania

x

x

x

-

-

15

15

16

16

16

19

Luxembourg

3247

2292

1854

1447

521

1

1

1

1

1

0

Mexico

150

122

121

124

437

631

390

391

1109

1187

1206

Netherlands

677

832

405

360

722

515

341

242

71

110

70

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

577

531

700

534

522

543

382

434

426

411

416 209

New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom

-

-

-

-

34

16

117

137

123

209

38

102

157

13

34

-

6

3

13

12

9

922

130

268

456

178

155

260

610

153

258

304

x

x

x

68

57

72

56

29

28

30

27

459

553

209

172

846

137

136

204

186

261

412

1495

453

386

318

484

328

393

247

103

96

234

158

127

77

27

24

27

20

18

16

14

15

-

-

40

-

182

722

414

173

590

833

782

53

-

374

304

640

483

909

113

1222

943

970

United States

978

598

524

694

1648

3430

3202

1101

207

53

106

IEA Americas

1485

987

985

1157

2903

4692

4540

2252

2295

2085

2274

38

121

106

262

493

2468

2864

1522

2517

1734

2070

20242

17422

14261

9871

11402

14118

11959

10451

8578

8453

8712

1496

1135

1038

1201

2954

4719

4608

2253

2295

2085

2274

IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

40

122

107

262

493

2468

2864

1522

2517

1734

2070

20242

17438

14295

9981

11485

14263

12071

10524

8647

8521

8779

IEA Total

21765

18530

15352

11290

14798

21278

19363

14225

13390

12272

13056

OECD Total

21778

18695

15440

11444

14932

21450

19543

14299

13459

12340

13123

1. Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. 1. Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. 1. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

VI.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3.14: World coal exports - regional aggregates

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

World

OECD

Non OECD

500789

302243

198546

114322

138039

521878

304288

217590

116550

142448

546671

315826

230845

112320

549399

316260

233139

546628

296265

614813

Non-OECD Africa M. East

Americas

Asia

Europe Eurasia

49882

59896

22553

63917

52180

45290

60410

28398

77419

51363

158802

44704

64672

32685

81454

52034

106576

167899

41785

61833

35969

84367

50970

250363

86656

173317

36292

66798

36760

98202

48603

308825

305988

85147

188516

35162

70476

43321

116996

75195

661599

303887

357712

73853

193898

36136

69789

46428

163249

78246

658326

304585

353741

62854

206267

35464

69811

43854

165303

74773

717593

310016

407577

67405

210961

31650

72125

52392

190809

92251

753267

322318

430949

69407

221254

31657

68653

57650

206675

97971

812221

338613

473608

73598

234664

30351

71977

60834

225513

115284

882754

337328

545426

72713

235187

29427

69284

68849

282601

124692

916578

358216

558362

84471

246408

27337

67486

70977

290594

129305

927278

384937

542341

106108

254753

24076

58415

72537

274865

136524

927096

368152

558944

82236

263856

22060

52435

69764

295956

140789

1066174

425178

640996

107683

295040

22454

67495

70726

331705

171070

1168085

436174

731911

131277

286673

18224

69501

81366

418249

162795

1260550

472622

787928

150111

303729

18782

79691

84411

452549

171277

1332861

507108

825753

147105

338294

21709

78568

75571

487795

183819

1345945

521820

824125

124764

376786

20270

74248

88329

467183

194365

1267764

510440

757324

98424

393719

18297

81164

73698

414280

188182

1292654

492509

800145

85878

390490

16141

79594

84081

438064

198406

1363395

512025

851370

119932

380127

11967

83250

103640

443801

220679

1420110

527761

892349

135236

383193

9332

81841

83040

489690

237778

Table 3.15: World sub-bituminous and lignite exports - regional aggregates Non-OECD

World

OECD

Non OECD

23776

9932

13844

3086

-

6846

-

-

11273

2571

25013

9118

15895

3334

-

5784

-

-

13094

2801

22165

5941

16224

1100

-

4841

-

-

15017

1207

24647

5675

18972

1881

-

3794

-

-

17226

1746

28725

6760

21965

3484

-

3276

-

-

20266

1699

22496

4004

18492

1134

-

2870

-

-

16646

1846

33329

12191

21138

9155

-

3036

-

-

19443

1695

33454

9401

24053

7373

-

2028

-

-

22853

1200

40804

9762

31042

8567

-

1195

-

-

28905

2137

37806

8081

29725

6819

-

1262

-

-

28588

1137

44928

8815

36113

7179

-

1636

-

-

34949

1164

57262

8171

49091

6242

-

1929

-

-

47852

1239

67076

9480

57596

7947

-

1533

-

-

55989

1607

84956

9514

75442

7861

-

1653

-

-

73262

2180

95267

7230

88037

5817

73

1340

-

-

86427

1610

114144

8384

105760

7166

-

1218

-

-

102634

3126

143826

7495

136331

6192

9

1294

-

-

134455

1876

242271

11101

231170

9357

-

1744

-

-

226657

4513

271390

13194

258196

11480

-

1714

-

-

253813

4383

280260

8730

271530

5987

22

2721

-

-

266065

5465

247153

7836

239317

5458

43

2335

-

-

232669

6648

260230

4270

255960

2992

-

1278

-

-

247985

7975

308881

9211

299670

7966

44

1201

-

-

288013

11658

343283

8416

334867

7258

28

1130

-

-

320582

14285

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Africa M. East

Americas

Asia

Europe/ Eurasia

IEA. All rights reserved.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.33

Table 3.16: World coal exports - selected countries

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

Poland

Canada

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

32236

33993

80329

136702

18274

4242

28434

20970

28965

34459

82076

140856

24781

3617

27400

21072

2400

28617

651

31308

59676

2290

36485

478

36370

29503

36530

75790

157557

27580

5105

24376

60224

25080

2374

35331

540

41714

28078

34183

72391

166796

30061

5908

64200

25662

23403

1881

32297

823

47600

24115

33539

53048

171861

29932

61300

6828

29313

17098

2138

37437

1156

55750

66235

23254

32082

53061

186962

23044

29696

44149

192178

35391

7930

38329

34428

2329

55057

1292

56797

69910

38868

7560

42798

31567

3729

90125

1903

66344

22664

26924

35927

69210

204334

36510

7344

44280

27062

3095

83887

1517

72981

20155

28389

69231

39016

208750

45644

6748

55942

32756

2914

93986

1627

87888

19711

71531

25863

43543

219343

50902

6748

68931

24537

3885

86613

1374

105121

67946

19377

28288

45306

232330

53607

7143

86558

24658

3666

71682

1989

128608

71442

16735

27671

45039

232465

61968

6739

91930

28853

3457

63213

1554

183188

68747

11900

30790

53673

244390

64575

6355

98638

26178

3621

53116

1627

194885

66963

8462

32065

73953

252189

67761

4729

98119

32912

4794

45434

1655

199947

57891

8464

28582

53612

261747

66756

2957

106445

28604

5290

22352

2450

233431

51977

10080

33441

74132

292617

68148

2457

132801

31296

6194

19033

1875

265000

67230

7152

33732

97303

284510

79273

1819

124593

30350

6991

14511

2014

353398

68807

7204

34805 115089

301516

83295

911

131690

32661

6114

9138

3134

388138

76009

11064

39097 106745

336196

74757

659

140754

33811

8537

7354

2207

426354

74565

9259

34308

88229

375044

87117

930

155504

30945

7076

5604

1266

411483

69029

9389

30484

67093

392348

72788

643

155241

31222

494

5197

1580

367953

75830

9308

30330

54676

389301

83325

580

171108

25993

520

8651

1827

372926

69944

7345

31060

87955

378938

102689

598

189721

29217

636

8024

1519

393770

71067

5188

29910 104900

381945

81923

592

209854

25763

110

5959

1379

438961

69308

Indonesia

South Africa -

Poland 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

Canada

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

PR of China

India

368

-

3086

-

-

-

2171

202

-

-

-

11271

45

11

3323

-

-

-

2059

232

1

-

-

13093

-

37

-

1100

-

-

-

883

223

-

-

-

15017

-

23

-

1881

-

-

-

1620

109

-

-

-

17136

-

13

-

3484

-

-

-

1604

73

-

-

-

20070

-

9

-

1134

-

-

-

1592

147

9

-

-

16471

-

15

78

9077

-

-

-

1245

299

-

-

-

19240

-

41

120

7253

-

-

-

783

87

3

-

-

22624

-

36

109

8458

-

-

-

1317

184

2

-

-

28734

-

27

117

6702

-

-

-

315

211

2

-

-

28383

-

8

139

7040

-

-

-

552

212

-

-

-

34724

-

-

248

5994

-

-

-

539

248

-

-

-

47629

-

-

217

7730

-

-

-

584

225

-

-

-

54568

1

200

7661

-

-

-

649

867

-

-

-

71981

-

68

133

5647

-

-

-

893

309

-

-

-

84035

-

115

139

7027

-

-

-

526

1924

-

-

-

98050

-

145

139

6053

-

-

-

831

286

-

-

-

131111

-

134

156

9201

-

-

-

1422

2339

-

-

691

221925

-

218

108

11372

-

-

-

1775

2049

-

-

19

250038

-

303

100

5887

-

-

-

2404

2474

-

-

28

259688

-

198

114

5344

-

-

-

3371

2357

-

-

5

229253

-

212

99

2893

-

-

-

5272

2204

-

-

54

240530

-

256

133

7833

-

-

-

8701

2231

-

-

44

281132

-

287

284

6974

-

-

-

10807

2677

-

-

-

315408

-

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Table 3.17: World sub-bituminous and lignite exports - selected countries

VI.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

Non-OECD

World

OECD

Non OECD

195142

169654

25488

75819

75625

18210

6305

1176

7314

10693

193544

170155

23389

76773

78558

14824

6133

1200

7978

8078

197047

175084

21963

77406

84706

12972

5650

1241

5207

9865

184361

165698

18663

71077

84414

10207

5167

1248

5525

6723

178967

161798

17169

58161

93450

10187

2517

1196

6855

6601

186042

167691

18351

58170

100712

8809

1744

1231

7710

7666

193738

163589

30149

49975

106645

6969

1086

1252

13064

14747

181678

155882

25796

42506

106458

6918

759

1283

14284

9470

186179

160233

25946

43755

110004

6474

584

1333

14207

9822

190396

168198

22198

48196

113640

6362

917

1624

7056

12601

206216

186472

19744

52799

127246

6427

524

937

7544

10739

200238

180830

19408

49584

123199

8047

672

729

7181

10826

215100

197171

17929

55958

133979

7234

910

688

5865

10466

234702

211073

23629

65607

139482

5984

1266

762

7461

14140

210283

188490

21793

55330

127272

5888

638

764

6363

14028

275616

243625

31991

78568

159566

5491

946

1216

11196

18633

269859

237810

32049

90979

142568

4263

917

1461

14864

14807

283890

243646

40244

94326

144573

4747

3961

1555

16493

18235

294831

255420

39411

94605

156289

4526

3985

1347

11107

22972

314644

272293

42351

85558

182177

4558

4621

1438

11855

24437

305163

262980

42183

69786

188990

4204

4516

1418

15772

20477

313224

258886

54338

65170

189185

4531

4923

1205

25004

23206

324545

261642

62903

79071

178341

4230

7985

1537

29038

24342

336765

269239

67526

84720

180431

4088

7421

2380

30341

27384

Africa M. East

Americas

Asia

Europe Eurasia

Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates

World

OECD

Non OECD

296230

125745

170485

38503

62414

319836

128437

191399

39766

63890

343578

135903

207675

34912

359119

146479

212640

362444

131145

423898

Non-OECD Africa M. East

Americas

Asia

Europe Eurasia

24828

53591

21377

56601

38916

24781

54277

27198

69440

40484

74096

26895

59022

31444

76247

40962

35206

83485

27788

56666

34721

78752

42501

231299

28448

79867

22830

64281

35564

91151

40303

138270

285628

26922

87804

23544

68732

42090

109111

65695

462807

137139

325668

23717

87253

26169

68703

45176

149982

61807

473030

146469

326561

20107

99809

26553

69052

42571

150790

64148

528051

148407

379644

23423

100957

24027

71541

51059

176431

80613

560297

152650

407647

20907

107614

24129

67736

56026

199414

84471

602807

150213

452594

20460

107418

22335

71453

59897

217744

103500

679179

154334

524845

22841

111988

19504

68612

68120

275197

112916

697629

159098

538531

28089

112429

18580

66576

70289

284107

117559

688306

171836

516470

40117

115271

16448

57149

71775

267016

120530

713278

177976

535302

26544

136584

14848

51797

69000

289195

125310

785746

180017

605729

28780

135474

15763

66549

69510

320024

149646

894536

196778

697758

40000

144105

12673

68584

79905

402777

146492

969117

227070

742047

55623

159156

12291

75730

82856

434499

148962

1031739

249839

781900

52365

182005

15469

74583

74224

476314

156779

1022392

246693

775699

39093

194609

12991

69627

86891

454718

164463

953190

245005

708185

28518

204729

11758

76648

72280

398197

161060

969454

232240

737214

20603

201305

10332

74671

82876

412440

167227

1025180

249077

776103

40756

201786

6536

75265

102103

414054

184681

1067421

257304

810117

50425

202761

4117

74420

80660

458928

196109

Notes: Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) OECD Asia Americas Europe Oceania

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.35

Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

Poland

Canada

USA

Australia

Colombia

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

12296

28564

47255

74291

1176

-

8693

1999

-

6744

329

241

6305

9886

28722

48036

76968

1200

-

6538

1509

31

7487

188

303

6133

9138

30092

47314

83462

1241

-

8450

1371

44

4601

272

334

5650

6506

28353

42722

83312

1248

-

6440

271

12

4855

385

285

5167

6635

28946

29146

91996

1196

-

6400

184

17

5246

774

835

2517

5290

28386

29780

99161

1231

-

7300

344

22

6470

624

616

1744

3813

26914

23053

104935

1252

-

14431

316

-

11445

879

740

970

3521

22964

19539

104526

1283

-

9196

271

3

13295

163

826

759

2710

23716

20039

107794

1333

-

9470

328

24

13135

158

914

584

3036

23847

24349

111732

1624

-

11935

245

417

5757

240

1059

917

3151

26798

26001

124915

937

-

9983

247

509

5260

46

1222

524

3601

24638

24946

120479

729

-

10007

289

530

4344

107

1550

672

2363

26760

29198

131965

688

-

10019

262

118

2543

36

1736

910

1683

26925

38599

136921

762

-

13614

329

197

3468

109

1922

1266

1725

21527

33803

125238

764

-

13276

283

453

636

270

2049

616

1815

27557

50906

157265

1216

-

18030

294

261

1139

111

1947

834

1670

27668

63078

140455

1461

-

14182

301

286

3594

97

3258

456

1587

30725

63390

142363

1555

-

17732

303

189

1308

56

4237

707

2252

35020

59585

154193

1347

-

21528

318

1124

1111

8

2244

572

2141

31063

54495

180458

1438

-

21082

1901

1448

797

42

3300

783

2303

28049

41737

187664

1418

-

18480

1467

494

969

64

2230

419

2438

28039

37131

187998

1205

-

21743

1127

336

1203

27

3350

1039

2753

28945

50126

177199

1537

-

22755

1027

560

136

68

4300

1018

2923

28916

55804

179243

2380

-

26422

916

46

1078

-

3564

1153

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018p

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

Poland

Canada

USA

Australia

Colombia

19572

5429

33074

62411

17098

4242

17570

18769

2400

21873

322

31067

53371

19034

5726

34040

63888

23581

3617

18803

19331

2258

28998

290

36067

54091

20328

6438

28474

74095

26339

5105

15043

23486

2330

30730

268

41380

58550

21549

5830

29376

83484

28813

5908

17602

23023

1869

27442

438

47315

56133

17467

4593

23855

79865

28736

6828

21309

16841

2121

32191

382

54915

63718

17955

3696

23226

87801

34160

7930

29437

33937

2298

48587

668

56181

68166

19216

2704

21013

87243

37616

7560

27122

30952

3729

78680

1024

65604

68240

19102

3841

16266

99808

35227

7344

34301

26704

3089

70592

1354

72155

68472

17409

4566

18857

100956

44311

6748

45155

32244

2888

80851

1469

86974

70947

16648

1904

19002

107611

49278

6748

56681

24081

3466

80856

1134

104062

67029

16218

1362

19094

107415

52670

7143

76023

24199

3157

66422

1943

127386

70918

13134

2924

19914

111986

61239

6739

81384

28316

2927

58869

1447

181638

68075

9537

3920

24161

112425

63887

6355

88035

25691

3503

50573

1591

193149

66053

6778

5021

35089

115268

66999

4729

83856

31716

4597

41966

1546

198025

56625

6671

6926

19576

136509

65992

2957

92276

28012

4837

21716

2180

231382

51361

8150

5752

23023

135352

66932

2457

114245

29078

5933

17894

1764

263053

66396

5337

5934

34057

144055

77812

1819

109580

29763

6705

10917

1917

350140

68351

5483

3970

51647

159153

81740

911

112536

30019

5925

7830

2387

383901

75302

8594

3975

47127

182003

73410

659

117451

31444

7413

6243

2180

424110

73993

6815

3153

33713

194586

85679

930

132018

26570

5628

4807

1196

408183

68246

6888

2337

25334

204684

71370

643

133390

27398

-

4228

1511

365723

75411

6658

2205

17526

201303

82120

580

144093

22662

184

7448

1746

369576

68905

4336

2031

37808

201739

101152

598

158265

25959

76

7888

1407

389470

70049

1978

933

49066

202702

79543

592

172625

22171

64

4881

1379

435397

68155

Notes: Steam coal comprises anthracite, other bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal for all countries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries

VI.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke 1 exports

Australia

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2016

2017

2018p 710

-

122

11

574

334

22

c

379

533

352

Austria

82

2

5

1

1

1

4

3

-

-

0

Belgium

469

768

847

915

557

293

20

441

7

14

27

Canada

368

80

22

193

334

300

363

83

44

43

34

-

45

34

-

19

41

39

-

146

52

31

3467

2450

1927

1451

1409

948

913

888

543

639

631

Chile Czech Republic Denmark

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Estonia

x

x

x

35

39

20

37

21

13

19

14

Finland

24

5

13

1

2

-

-

5

54

99

71

France

1012

870

553

383

307

711

643

122

83

6

50

10197

7692

6038

2945

287

75

75

189

715

842

838

Greece

31

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hungary

103

-

-

-

420

183

53

300

424

330

258

Iceland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Israel

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

628

747

451

201

130

123

229

303

374

327

343

Japan

600

2068

4055

1879

3429

2594

1673

653

1015

1223

1433

Korea

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Latvia

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Lithuania

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Luxembourg

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mexico

-

79

95

4

1

2

2

1

-

99

45

680

702

880

829

1098

562

357

148

78

175

83

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Norway

51

36

122

5

-

2

2

4

-

-

0

Poland

2780

1770

1639

3662

3331

3691

4624

6347

6970

6494

6576

16

-

-

11

74

80

-

-

-

-

-

-

13

23

-

58

59

138

324

13

14

4

Germany

Netherlands New Zealand

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Spain

2

3

11

42

81

744

610

370

137

132

245

11

114

77

41

67

29

35

33

28

30

9

Switzerland

-

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Turkey

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

3

32

Sweden

United Kingdom

665

1265

1163

435

264

381

119

483

-

-

-

United States

1266

1879

1018

519

680

1039

1585

1327

907

1097

1044

IEA Americas

1634

2038

1135

716

1015

1341

1950

1411

951

1239

1123

600

2190

4066

2453

3763

2616

1673

1032

1548

1575

2143

20218

16437

13750

10961

8125

7902

7859

9981

9444

9124

9181

1634

2083

1169

716

1034

1382

1989

1411

1097

1291

1153

IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

600

2190

4066

2453

3763

2616

1673

1032

1548

1575

2143

20218

16437

13750

10961

8125

7902

7859

9981

9444

9124

9181

IEA Total

22452

20665

18951

14130

12903

11859

11483

12423

11943

11938

12446

OECD Total

22452

20710

18985

14130

12922

11900

11522

12423

12089

11990

12477

1. Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. 1. Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. 1. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.37

IEA. All rights reserved.

4. USES OF COAL

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.39

Table 4.1: OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity, 1990 to 2017 (GW)

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1990

2000

Coal 2010

24.92 2.10 4.90 19.24 0.89 12.11 7.54 .. 5.79 14.23 42.73 3.89 2.24 .. 0.87 2.19 9.03 40.47 .. 0.13 .. 0.09 1.61 3.77 1.09 0.05 25.99 1.47 .. .. 10.41 .. 0.13 5.58 41.17 ..

28.65 2.24 2.47 .. 1.93 11.47 5.60 2.79 7.71 14.34 51.59 4.49 2.02 .. 0.87 4.29 12.56 51.78 14.44 0.13 .. .. 5.11 4.18 1.11 0.08 27.80 1.99 .. 1.03 11.36 .. 0.20 7.40 33.37 ..

30.32 2.02 .. 14.12 2.53 12.04 5.90 2.63 6.33 13.70 .. 4.79 1.52 .. 0.85 4.84 11.19 47.23 29.41 .. .. .. 5.87 .. 1.16 0.01 28.40 2.38 1.52 0.85 .. 1.46 0.14 12.40 30.77 ..

2016

2017

1990

2000

Total 2010

2016

2017

27.63 1.62 .. 9.28 4.98 13.09 4.49 1.97 5.67 7.94 .. 4.25 1.55 .. 0.86 4.84 10.79 86.55 34.78 .. .. .. 6.27 7.13 0.66 .. 27.10 2.31 1.16 0.89 .. 1.57 0.26 17.94 16.10 ..

25.15 1.11 .. 9.64 5.02 13.33 4.41 1.93 5.77 7.16 .. 4.25 1.55 .. 0.86 4.84 10.09 85.42 40.53 .. .. .. 6.47 .. 0.66 .. 31.23 2.31 1.02 0.89 11.27 1.19 0.25 19.31 15.82 ..

38.45 16.69 14.14 104.14 5.10 15.28 9.12 .. 13.22 103.34 99.08 8.51 7.18 0.94 3.81 5.07 56.56 194.73 2.34 2.09 5.30 1.24 27.38 17.60 7.18 27.13 27.88 7.41 .. 0.76 42.84 34.19 15.39 16.32 73.21 ..

46.20 17.80 15.69 111.32 9.89 15.32 12.32 2.80 16.26 114.52 118.88 10.90 8.28 1.38 4.71 9.13 75.51 260.36 53.69 2.09 5.72 1.22 40.35 21.06 8.46 28.42 30.56 10.91 7.45 2.61 53.92 33.72 17.26 27.26 78.39 ..

60.80 21.16 18.79 132.38 16.23 20.07 13.44 2.75 15.55 124.14 162.87 15.31 8.99 2.58 8.03 13.06 106.61 288.31 84.70 2.56 3.57 1.71 61.39 26.69 9.49 31.69 33.36 18.93 7.87 3.19 101.74 36.45 18.09 49.52 93.69 ..

67.07 25.22 21.67 144.02 24.53 21.99 14.23 2.57 16.29 133.09 208.50 19.17 8.76 2.77 9.90 17.59 114.16 332.11 111.20 2.93 3.67 1.71 72.57 34.18 9.29 33.83 38.11 20.61 7.74 3.54 105.95 40.32 20.84 78.50 97.53 ..

66.46 24.92 22.26 147.63 26.31 22.27 14.36 2.53 17.17 133.10 215.51 19.43 8.86 2.82 10.49 17.83 114.24 334.43 122.95 2.94 3.33 1.70 74.43 33.82 9.30 34.25 42.85 20.93 7.67 3.62 103.84 39.80 21.61 85.20 103.47 ..

Notes: Includes multi-fired units. Notes: Includes autoproducers for all countries except Japan. Notes: For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Information

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

VI.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.2: OECD coal, peat and oil shale use for electricity production and heat sold

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

19.7 1.2 3.9 11.9 0.4 11.9 2.3 .. 1.7 14.8 104.2 2.0 5.8 0.9 1.9 17.1 0.5 .. .. 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.4 52.9 0.3 2.7 .. 4.3 0.1

28.8 1.2 5.5 21.5 0.7 15.5 8.0 .. 4.9 24.4 115.9 3.8 6.9 0.8 6.0 15.0 1.2 .. .. 0.2 2.6 0.2 77.0 0.1 4.1 .. 11.2 0.1

33.7 1.7 5.3 28.3 0.7 16.5 9.7 .. 4.5 15.0 123.3 6.9 6.0 1.2 2.6 9.9 30.0 6.9 .. .. 0.2 1.0 5.3 0.3 82.9 0.3 4.1 .. 17.2 1.9

41.3 2.4 6.5 28.5 2.4 20.5 8.1 6.8 4.7 12.0 115.6 9.8 4.5 2.6 3.4 11.4 38.6 8.5 0.6 0.1 0.2 2.5 7.5 0.2 74.9 2.9 3.3 1.9 20.3 1.6

46.3 2.0 6.3 29.7 2.0 21.3 8.7 3.4 5.9 9.5 103.2 11.1 4.0 3.0 5.9 8.8 51.6 16.9 0.2 0.1 5.3 9.1 0.3 60.0 4.2 3.1 1.8 21.9 1.4

58.8 2.0 4.6 38.5 3.0 21.3 5.2 3.2 5.0 10.8 98.8 11.8 4.1 2.7 9.2 9.6 66.7 38.7 0.1 6.8 7.9 0.5 56.3 4.6 2.4 1.8 26.7 1.1

64.9 2.7 3.4 33.3 2.4 20.6 4.9 3.7 4.9 10.3 97.8 12.4 3.0 2.7 10.6 16.5 86.6 51.9 12.0 8.0 2.0 56.5 4.8 2.5 2.0 25.7 1.2

64.0 2.0 1.9 27.3 5.5 20.6 5.4 4.6 8.0 8.3 90.4 10.9 2.6 1.9 10.6 14.5 92.1 74.9 11.9 7.5 0.7 54.8 2.3 1.8 2.0 8.7 1.2

55.4 1.6 1.3 21.6 9.4 17.3 2.4 3.6 3.9 5.3 90.5 7.7 2.3 2.4 9.2 15.0 104.2 80.5 12.7 12.4 0.7 0.1 50.4 4.6 1.5 1.5 17.0 0.7

56.9 1.2 0.8 20.7 9.9 17.4 2.8 3.6 4.5 4.6 87.3 6.5 2.3 2.3 7.8 12.6 103.0 80.3 13.1 11.2 0.4 0.1 50.3 4.0 1.4 1.6 12.2 0.6

56.0 1.2 0.7 19.7 9.9 17.1 2.1 3.8 4.1 5.4 80.2 6.5 2.0 1.9 7.1 11.3 103.4 85.1 11.9 9.6 0.4 0.1 50.5 4.6 1.5 1.6 15.2 0.7

Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.8 65.0 309.9

2.6 74.3 417.2

6.0 61.4 501.8

7.8 68.8 565.7

10.5 49.7 636.7

14.1 41.1 716.6

13.5 46.0 718.7

19.8 34.9 661.1

26.3 25.0 486.8

31.2 10.6 451.4

32.8 7.8 440.7

United States IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania

321.8 37.7 279.3 322.2 37.7 279.3

438.7 45.2 365.1 439.3 45.2 365.1

531.0 70.9 379.1 531.7 73.6 379.1

596.7 88.7 392.6 599.1 92.1 395.1

671.7 115.1 347.3 673.7 121.0 349.3

761.9 164.7 333.5 764.8 173.9 335.4

764.0 205.4 341.3 766.5 216.1 343.3

700.3 231.7 302.2 705.8 242.3 304.2

521.1 240.8 291.1 530.5 249.9 292.6

485.2 240.7 267.6 495.1 248.5 269.2

472.3 245.0 259.1 482.2 252.1 260.7

OECD Europe IEA Total

638.8 639.2

849.0 849.6

981.1 984.4

1078.1 1086.4

1134.1 1144.0

1260.1 1274.2

1310.7 1325.9

1234.2 1252.3

1053.0 1073.0

993.4 1012.7

976.3 994.9

Note: Note: Note: Note: Note: Note:

"Coal" refers to all coal types, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite), and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases). Peat, peat briquettes, and oil shale and oil sands are included here for display purposes. Quantities have been converted to Mtce units using calorific values largely submitted in annual questionnaires to the IEA Secretariat by OECD member countries. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(Mtce)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.41

Table 4.3: World coal 1 use in coke ovens 1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

9.5 2.3 9.9 7.7 0.5 18.6 15.3 46.3 0.5 1.6 10.4 62.3 0.4 2.8 3.4 0.4 21.6 0.4 2.8 6.4 0.7 2.0 24.0 87.3

7.0 2.4 7.9 7.3 0.5 12.2 14.6 38.7 0.4 1.4 11.2 65.7 4.0 4.0 3.7 0.4 25.3 0.3 2.1 5.2 1.7 2.6 13.5 60.5

5.5 2.4 7.8 6.3 0.4 10.6 11.3 31.5 0.9 10.1 67.6 7.0 3.8 4.1 0.4 20.5 0.4 2.5 4.9 1.6 3.7 9.7 37.2

5.9 2.3 7.2 5.0 0.5 8.5 0.7 9.5 24.1 1.0 8.6 66.1 11.7 3.4 3.8 0.6 18.2 0.3 2.9 4.5 1.5 4.7 10.1 35.3

5.9 1.9 4.7 4.2 0.7 6.6 1.7 7.7 13.7 1.4 6.7 60.0 14.1 3.1 4.0 0.7 15.4 0.5 2.4 3.3 1.6 4.2 8.1 29.9

4.8 1.9 3.9 4.2 0.7 4.6 1.3 6.5 11.4 1.3 6.4 55.6 16.4 3.0 3.0 0.7 12.4 0.5 2.2 3.6 1.8 4.2 8.2 26.0

4.5 1.9 3.4 4.3 0.7 4.3 1.3 5.8 10.7 0.8 5.1 56.1 15.4 2.9 3.2 0.8 11.3 2.4 3.6 1.8 4.2 5.6 18.4

5.1 1.8 2.6 3.9 0.5 3.2 1.2 4.3 11.2 1.4 4.9 54.7 19.5 3.2 2.9 0.8 13.0 2.1 2.6 1.8 5.3 5.4 19.1

3.9 1.7 1.7 2.9 0.5 3.0 1.2 4.5 12.0 1.3 2.2 47.5 26.8 2.6 3.0 0.9 13.0 2.1 2.0 1.6 6.0 3.7 17.9

3.7 1.8 1.6 2.8 0.5 2.9 1.2 4.3 12.9 1.2 2.4 48.5 27.3 2.0 2.9 0.9 12.8 2.1 2.1 1.5 5.7 1.8 15.0

3.8 1.8 1.6 2.9 0.5 3.3 1.2 4.5 12.8 1.3 2.3 47.9 26.8 1.9 2.8 0.9 12.5 2.1 2.0 1.5 5.8 1.9 15.9

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

97.8 72.2 166.3 98.3 72.2 166.3

71.8 76.7 143.6 72.2 76.7 143.6

47.4 80.0 122.4 47.8 80.0 122.4

43.7 84.5 107.9 44.2 84.5 107.9

37.2 80.7 84.0 37.9 80.7 84.0

33.2 77.5 73.1 33.9 77.5 73.1

25.6 76.8 65.3 26.3 76.8 65.3

26.2 80.2 63.9 26.7 80.2 63.9

23.4 79.1 59.0 23.9 79.1 59.0

19.7 80.4 57.3 20.3 80.4 57.3

20.6 79.4 57.2 21.1 79.4 57.2

IEA Total OECD Total

336.3 336.8

292.1 292.5

249.8 250.2

236.1 236.5

201.9 202.6

183.8 184.5

167.7 168.4

170.3 170.8

161.5 162.0

157.5 158.0

157.3 157.7

0.1 0.5 5.5 0.8 0.6 2.5 0.5 11.1 3.3 .. 0.3 38.4

0.1 0.9 7.2 0.9 0.8 5.7 0.7 13.6 4.3 .. 0.1 1.5 66.8

1.2 1.2 6.0 0.3 0.8 9.5 0.7 0.1 13.9 5.0 0.7 2.6 73.0

1.0 1.3 5.7 0.6 1.1 10.3 0.8 17.3 5.1 1.1 4.1 107.0

0.6 1.7 4.2 0.6 0.6 11.0 0.7 0.1 21.3 1.0 1.1 4.2 184.0

0.7 2.0 2.6 0.8 0.6 9.9 0.6 19.7 1.0 5.8 165.0

1.0 1.9 3.0 0.7 0.8 9.7 0.5 25.3 0.6 5.8 334.5

0.9 4.1 0.4 0.7 11.0 2.0 30.0 0.2 0.4 7.0 0.1 499.5

0.3 3.3 0.5 0.7 10.4 2.3 43.0 0.1 8.6 0.1 606.4

0.2 3.2 0.5 0.6 10.4 2.2 46.6 8.8 0.1 606.5

0.6 3.3 0.5 0.6 11.2 2.4 48.9 0.1 8.7 0.1 589.1

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States

Algeria Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Argentina Brazil Colombia Peru India DPR of Korea Mongolia Pakistan Chinese Taipei Other non-OECD Asia PR of China

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(million tonnes)

VI.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.3: World coal 1 use in coke ovens (continued) (million tonnes) 1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Kazakhstan Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran

x 1.6 x x 2.3 x x 129.6 1.8 0.9

x 1.9 x x 5.2 x x 131.5 3.3 1.7

x 1.6 x x 7.8 x x 124.0 4.7 1.3

0.1 1.9 0.7 0.6 4.8 53.9 54.5 x x 1.0

1.7 3.7 4.6 42.0 31.6 x x 1.4

1.3 7.2 2.2 42.1 30.6 x x 1.6

0.6 1.1 6.7 2.4 45.0 29.8 x x 1.4

1.2 6.6 49.7 26.4 x x 1.2

1.2 8.7 65.2 16.4 1.6

1.2 9.2 62.7 14.1 1.6

1.2 9.4 64.4 14.2 1.7

Non-OECD Total World

200.0 536.8

246.4 538.9

254.4 504.6

272.8 509.4

316.0 518.7

293.5 478.0

470.7 639.0

641.2 812.0

768.8 930.8

767.9 925.9

756.3 914.0

1. Primary coal only. Coal products such as briquettes are not included. This only covers inputs to coke ovens. Fuels used in support 1. for coke oven coke transformation are not included. For further information, see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

Table 4.4: World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals

Australia Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Italy Japan Korea Netherlands Norway Poland Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States India Chinese Taipei Russian Federation Serbia Total World1

1990

1995

2000

2005

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

.. .. 513 .. .. 1310 1730 170 5237 .. 665 .. .. 219 .. 210 .. 767 200 .. 130 .. ..

.. .. 859 .. .. 2305 1843 1230 8286 2181 845 .. .. 313 .. 245 .. 585 2300 .. 472 .. ..

.. .. 1458 .. .. 2462 2530 1198 10936 3031 1040 .. .. 390 681 277 .. 456 2924 2111 801 319 ..

881 .. 522 .. .. 2936 2770 1678 10297 5481 1522 .. .. 388 717 506 .. 1039 1519 2161 1156 2682 ..

760 158 892 .. .. 2277 3772 1328 12671 9414 1284 111 80 421 708 438 459 995 2046 2860 1845 4604 ..

538 121 1066 .. .. 2278 4157 1421 13811 9286 1434 113 194 605 617 356 676 987 1423 3023 1121 1966 40

206 187 1350 .. .. 2598 4460 815 14681 9092 1299 115 141 576 759 443 744 1411 1461 3037 1765 1987 25

190 230 1340 276 .. 2840 4650 1021 14207 8827 1398 106 184 655 780 396 651 1513 1207 3237 2190 1912 37

60 750 1253 300 53 2423 4881 672 14005 9592 1496 74 270 608 879 313 690 1544 870 3390 2161 2376 56

73 806 1495 319 304 2360 4841 855 14043 8266 1459 55 283 586 819 441 660 1364 1462 3461 2066 2771 74

73 838 1495 278 333 2873 4933 483 14376 8539 1641 101 366 668 909 406 1394 1301 1376 3696 1815 2925 82

11151

21464

30614

36255

47123

45233

47152

47847

48717

48863

50900

1. Note that PCI data are not available for all countries, most notably the People's Republic of China. Please see the explanatory notes 1. and definitions in Part I. Data are as reported for OECD countries and have not undergone blast furnace normalisation unless 1. submitted on that basis. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA. All rights reserved.

(thousand tonnes)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.43

Table 4.5: Coal-fired heat and electricity generation efficiency and share - 2017

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea

Electricity / Heat (TWh) (PJ)

Efficiency

1971

1985

1995

2005

2015

2017

55.98 1.22 0.69 19.69 9.90 17.06 2.07 0.21 2.51 5.45 80.20 6.49 2.04 1.24 7.04 11.33 103.45 85.09

161.83 3.92 2.43 59.85 29.28 43.93 6.21 0.77 6.44 15.06 252.82 18.77 5.10 3.64 22.03 35.10 351.83 255.51

3.91 0.02 74.35 19.24 1.94 33.24 8.83 131.46 2.12 4.38 6.24 65.47

35.5% 50.3% 43.4% 37.3% 36.3% 46.5% 68.6% 77.8% 76.6% 39.5% 44.3% 36.7% 38.0% 36.1% 38.4% 39.9% 41.8% 39.5%

71.0% 13.1% 26.9% 18.8% 16.1% 84.8% 18.6% x 14.9% 28.9% 73.6% 43.2% 60.3% 1.2% 4.7% 11.9% 6.9%

74.9% 11.5% 26.2% 17.0% 12.3% 70.7% 75.2% x 28.6% 13.1% 62.9% 64.1% 34.6% 0.9% 54.4% 16.5% 14.9% 30.4%

80.2% 10.2% 26.0% 15.4% 22.8% 72.8% 61.2% 2.4% 23.1% 5.3% 53.5% 69.5% 27.1% 39.9% 62.1% 11.6% 17.1% 25.8%

79.5% 11.7% 11.4% 15.9% 13.7% 64.0% 34.6% 3.5% 13.4% 5.7% 45.9% 60.2% 18.3% 24.9% 74.4% 14.5% 26.5% 35.9%

63.1% 7.2% 5.4% 9.7% 37.1% 55.8% 22.1% 7.4% 11.4% 2.8% 42.4% 43.3% 16.6% 17.3% 45.4% 13.8% 33.4% 42.4%

62.8% 5.4% 2.6% 9.0% 36.9% 53.8% 16.8% 6.7% 13.0% 2.9% 37.2% 34.7% 13.3% 11.9% 32.6% 10.3% 33.0% 43.5%

Share of total generation from coal

0.01

0.00

0.10

65.5%

-

-

2.9%

0.4%

0.2%

0.2%

Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

11.90 9.61 0.45 0.07 50.50 4.62 1.45 1.56 15.21 0.55 32.76 7.85 440.69 970.38

31.05 34.03 1.21 0.19 133.44 14.67 3.54 4.82 46.35 1.03 97.48 23.28 1321.42 2930.88

2.88 0.27 254.86 8.77 5.06 9.67 2.22 0.13 27.26 657.26

32.0% 44.5% 33.4% 44.9% 49.7% 39.0% 50.6% 49.2% 37.4% 83.3% 36.8% 36.5% 37.0% 39.4%

63.2% 0.5% 12.4% 4.8% 0.0% 90.6% 3.6% 37.2% x 21.7% 0.3% 30.5% 63.9% 44.8% 41.8%

72.3% 4.1% 27.3% 2.9% 0.1% 92.3% 5.0% 26.9% x 44.1% 7.2% 0.4% 43.9% 60.5% 56.7% 44.4%

38.8% 10.1% 28.6% 2.5% 0.2% 96.7% 40.1% 29.4% 39.9% 40.5% 3.6% 0.0% 32.5% 46.7% 50.8% 38.5%

13.1% 21.4% 13.5% 0.2% 91.7% 30.5% 19.6% 39.3% 27.9% 2.4% 25.2% 33.7% 50.0% 36.8%

10.9% 29.9% 4.2% 0.1% 82.7% 26.0% 14.2% 33.4% 19.0% 1.8% 28.0% 21.7% 33.6% 29.1%

9.6% 23.3% 2.7% 0.2% 80.6% 23.3% 15.8% 33.3% 17.0% 1.7% 31.3% 6.6% 30.3% 26.7%

IEA Total IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Total OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

472.28 244.96 253.14 988.88 482.18 252.00 254.70 92.53

1412.32 770.38 748.18 2987.01 1441.60 792.41 753.00 253.60

27.28 65.47 564.51 662.47 27.28 65.47 569.72 -

36.9% 39.5% 43.9% 39.4% 36.9% 39.5% 43.9% 33.7%

41.1% 18.3% 49.1% 41.6% 41.0% 18.0% 49.1% 61.5%

49.4% 23.8% 45.2% 44.4% 49.2% 24.3% 45.1% 54.3%

44.8% 25.8% 35.5% 38.3% 44.6% 26.6% 34.9% 51.3%

44.1% 35.1% 28.3% 36.7% 43.8% 36.1% 28.0% 44.5%

29.3% 39.3% 24.2% 29.2% 29.4% 39.5% 23.9% 32.1%

26.4% 39.5% 21.2% 26.7% 26.6% 39.2% 20.9% 31.0%

IEA. All rights reserved.

Latvia

Coal1 (Mtce)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

VI.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.5: Coal-fired heat and electricity generation efficiency and share - 2017 (continued)

Africa

Efficiency

1971

Share of total generation from coal 1985

1995

2005

2015

2017

92.53

253.60

- 33.7%

61.5%

54.3%

51.3%

44.5%

32.1%

31.0%

Botswana

1.54

3.01

- 24.0%

..

95.3%

98.0%

99.4%

96.3%

99.7%

Mauritius

0.64

1.31

- 25.0%

-

11.5%

4.5%

26.8%

39.4%

41.6%

Morocco

6.33

17.55

- 34.0%

13.4%

15.6%

49.4%

66.0%

55.5%

53.5%

-

-

0.0%

-

19.6%

-

-

-

-

Namibia

Mozambique

0.03

0.07

- 25.0%

-

-

2.1%

0.2%

0.5%

4.0%

Niger

0.10

0.23

- 27.9%

..

..

..

69.0%

41.6%

40.9% -

Nigeria

-

-

-

0.0%

-

0.0%

-

-

-

0.16

-

-

0.0%

-

-

-

-

-

-

81.28

226.71

- 34.3%

99.8%

95.8%

93.4%

94.6%

92.6%

90.4%

Senegal South Africa

-

United Rep. of Tanzania

-

-

0.0%

-

-

3.9%

1.2%

-

-

Zambia

0.52

1.28

- 30.0%

20.3%

0.4%

0.2%

0.2%

-

9.0%

Zimbabwe

1.89

3.38

- 22.0%

32.7%

40.3%

70.7%

47.3%

46.8%

44.8%

Other Africa

0.02

0.06

- 35.0%

0.5%

4.2%

3.5%

11.3%

0.2%

0.3%

12.44

38.15

- 37.7%

2.8%

2.4%

1.9%

2.1%

3.7%

3.1% 1.7%

Non-OECD Americas

-

Argentina

0.89

2.44

- 33.6%

3.1%

1.3%

2.8%

2.1%

2.3%

Brazil

7.64

25.34

- 40.7%

3.3%

2.6%

2.0%

2.7%

4.7%

4.3%

Colombia

1.12

3.18

- 34.9%

13.1%

11.7%

10.0%

4.9%

9.1%

4.0%

Dominican Republic

0.90

2.41

- 32.8%

-

13.5%

3.7%

10.8%

12.9%

12.6%

Guatemala

1.32

3.43

- 32.0%

-

-

-

13.2%

29.0%

26.5%

Honduras

0.18

0.53

- 36.0%

-

-

-

-

1.0%

5.7%

Panama

0.07

0.17

- 28.6%

-

-

-

-

6.9%

1.5%

Peru

0.32

0.65

- 25.0%

-

-

-

3.2%

0.8%

1.2%

565.71 1672.09

54.5%

Non-OECD Asia excl. China

47.25 36.6%

31.0%

39.4%

43.3%

45.9%

54.5%

Bangladesh

0.39

1.03

- 32.8%

-

-

-

0.6%

1.7%

1.4%

Cambodia

1.37

3.91

- 35.1%

..

..

-

-

48.4%

55.9%

7.57

23.21

- 37.7%

-

77.9%

97.3%

70.3%

65.3%

62.7%

373.95 1133.63

- 37.2%

49.1%

62.4%

69.9%

66.8%

75.1%

74.0%

Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia

53.19

147.88

- 34.2%

-

2.4%

24.3%

40.6%

55.8%

58.0%

0.78

2.48

- 39.1%

36.0%

47.9%

36.8%

39.0%

21.3%

16.4%

Malaysia

27.10

71.96

- 32.6%

-

-

7.6%

24.2%

42.3%

43.7%

Mongolia

4.30

5.35

47.25 52.8%

..

93.1%

97.2%

98.9%

97.4%

96.4%

Myanmar

0.59

1.42

- 29.5%

3.9%

2.0%

-

9.8%

1.8%

6.3%

Pakistan

3.69

10.91

- 36.3%

1.2%

0.2%

0.8%

0.1%

0.1%

8.3%

Philippines

18.96

46.85

- 30.4%

0.1%

14.7%

6.3%

27.0%

44.5%

49.6%

Singapore

0.43

0.68

- 19.6%

-

-

-

-

1.2%

1.3%

Sri Lanka

2.09

5.10

- 30.0%

-

-

-

-

33.7%

32.3%

Chinese Taipei

41.14

125.93

- 37.6%

12.3%

26.8%

39.5%

55.6%

46.9%

47.5%

Thailand

12.68

35.60

- 34.5%

6.1%

23.0%

18.5%

15.5%

19.5%

19.1%

Viet Nam

19.17

67.56

- 43.3%

73.3%

45.5%

13.8%

22.7%

34.6%

34.0%

5.90

11.81

- 24.6%

-

-

-

2.2%

10.0%

24.0%

1543.66 4485.36 3738.11 44.0%

70.1%

65.6%

76.6%

82.0%

72.6%

70.6%

DPR of Korea

Other non-OECD Asia PR of China

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Coal1 Electricity / Heat (Mtce) (TWh) (PJ)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.45

Table 4.5: Coal-fired heat and electricity generation efficiency and share - 2017 (continued)

Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

Coal1 (Mtce)

Electricity / Heat (TWh) (PJ)

Efficiency

1971

Share of total generation from coal 1985

1995

2005

2015

2017 22.2%

173.65

387.94

1489.59

56.7%

43.4%

27.2%

23.3%

21.9%

22.7%

Belarus

0.00

-

0.02

69.0%

x

x

1.8%

0.4%

0.0%

0.0%

Bosnia and Herzegovina

4.88

12.34

3.00

33.2%

x

x

16.4%

49.6%

62.8%

73.0%

Bulgaria

8.06

20.91

14.24

37.9%

82.6%

42.0%

33.9%

41.6%

44.4%

43.5%

Croatia

0.45

1.37

-

37.1%

x

x

1.9%

13.9%

16.1%

9.0%

F.Y.R. of Macedonia

1.23

3.39

-

33.9%

x

x

71.3%

69.5%

52.7%

54.0%

Georgia Kazakhstan

0.02

0.02

-

14.0%

x

x

0.2%

-

-

0.2%

31.77

71.08

367.80

67.0%

x

x

81.9%

87.0%

85.3%

84.0%

Kosovo

1.90

5.73

-

36.9%

x

x

..

94.5%

95.0%

93.2%

Kyrgyzstan

0.44

1.16

5.13

71.6%

x

x

8.3%

19.8%

30.8%

14.6%

Malta

0.00

-

0.05

76.7%

x

x

0.3%

0.2%

0.1%

0.1%

-

-

-

-

-

43.6%

5.5%

-

-

-

0.00

-

0.06

87.3%

x

x

16.7%

0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

Republic of Moldova Montenegro Romania

0.42

1.36

-

39.7%

x

x

..

34.8%

50.3%

54.9%

Russian Federation

6.45

16.86

16.69

41.0%

30.5%

39.4%

27.1%

32.9%

28.7%

25.4%

Serbia

84.87

174.46

994.07

65.2%

x

x

22.6%

19.2%

17.2%

17.5%

Ukraine

9.83

26.55

8.99

36.3%

x

x

58.1%

54.0%

62.1%

62.1%

21.09

49.25

73.40

40.6%

x

x

14.9%

14.0%

27.0%

26.1%

1.88

2.48

4.41

24.3%

x

x

3.4%

4.2%

4.0%

4.0%

x

x

x

x

36.9%

27.0%

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

43.3%

42.8%

x

x

x

x

0.33

0.63

-

23.2%

0.1%

0.1%

0.0%

0.1%

0.0%

0.1%

Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Middle East Islam. Rep. of Iran Non-OECD Total World

0.33

0.63

-

23.2%

0.3%

0.2%

0.1%

0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

2395.88

6860.97

5274.95

42.7%

41.3%

31.2%

33.4%

41.8%

46.9%

47.0%

1. "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite), and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases). For display reasons, peat, peat briquettes, and oil shale and oil sands are also incorporated here. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I.

IEA. All rights reserved.

Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

VI.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.6: World braunkohlebrikett (BKB) inputs 1

Australia

(coal) (all fuels)

Austria Czech Republic Estonia Finland Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Latvia Lithuania Poland Turkey IEA Total OECD Total Niger India Indonesia Albania Belarus Bulgaria Romania Russian Federation Serbia Ukraine Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Non-OECD Total

1973 1033 1033 134 134 985 985 x x 38681 39203 175 175 396 397 x x x x 136 165 4.0 4.0 41543 42097 41543 42097 .. .. 116 116 x x 695 695 700 700 x x x x x x x x 1510 1510

1980 1110 1117 860 860 x x 39320 39935 118 118 528 530 190 x x x x 79.0 93.2 23.6 23.6 42039 42867 42039 42867 .. .. 392 392 x x 998 998 638 638 x x x x x x x x 2029 2029

1985 666 674 857 857 x x 44434 45697 61.6 61.6 708 710 451 x x x x 75.3 92.9 28.6 28.6 46830 48572 46830 48572 .. .. 753 753 x x 1030 1030 678 678 x x x x x x 649 649 3110 3110

1990 565 570 833 833 132 32852 33947 100 100 282 40.8 12.9 66.7 78.3 15.0 15.0 34432 35958 34432 36012 .. .. 836 836 216 216 1347 883 1119 389 389 2766 2938 939 939 12.4 x x 6030 7796

1995 449 456 452 501 109 7684 8575 73.7 73.7 237 28.8 8.9 54.2 64.1 0.9 0.9 8715 10017 8715 10055 .. .. 819 819 3.8 3.8 4.7 4.7 973 929 1073 1002 1137 662 662 6.4 x x 3421 4679

2000 297 305 196 220 68.9 4225 4825 87.8 87.8 194 2.2 6.9 12.8 15.4 0.9 0.9 4819 5716 4819 5725 0.4 0.4 619 619 27.8 27.8 780 617 749 2.7 62.6 625 625 2.6 x x 1892 2866

2005 335 365 250 278 42.0 4276 4901 133 133 183 7.6 68.6 68.6 5062 5970 5062 5977 0.4 0.4 519 519 21.0 21.0 750 678 805 33.3 549 549 24.6 150 x x 1792 2828

2010 159 177 194 195 51.4 14.5 4746 5361 194 4.2 5098 5993 5098 5997 7.7 7.7 658 658 82.6 82.6 794 626 882 38.1 459 464 173 x x 1834 3099

2015 32.4 34.5 111 112 5.5 5127 6103 119 3.4 5271 6374 5271 6378 0.4 0.4 203 203 11.5 11.5 386 545 731 29.6 250 255 142 x x 1009 1757

2016 110 111 4.9 4906 5861 146 4.3 5016 6123 5016 6128 1.6 1.6 501 501 26.3 26.3 513 595 765 27.9 314 319 145 x x 1438 2299

2017 109 110 1.1 4781 5752 142 1.0 3.7 4890 6005 4890 6010 1.7 1.7 533 533 26.3 26.3 562 588 765 17.7 289 294 151 x x 0.0 1438 2351

1. Shows inputs of coal and all energy forms (barring unsold BKB and peat products) used as transformation feedstock or for providing 1. energy support to the braunkohlebrikett transformation process. Inputs for peat briquettes are also included, but not under coal. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Balances INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes of coal equivalent)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.47

Table 4.7: Coal use in iron and steel production1

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal

1973 1980 1985 8278 6909 5379 83.6% 81.2% 81.6% 2212 2442 2780 63.9% 74.4% 79.3% 10120 8246 7270 77.0% 79.7% 81.6% 6560 6909 6178 81.7% 60.9% 64.9% 396 440 454 63.1% 63.3% 76.8% 14625 9461 8884 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 15.8 25.8 2.0 5.5% 9.1% 1.5% x x x x x x 856 1115 1215 65.1% 59.0% 65.5% 18085 16297 12759 73.0% 75.3% 77.2% 32873 30732 27617 65.6% 69.8% 71.8% 468 377 7.0 52.7% 51.7% 2.4% 2321 2317 2006 60.0% 56.2% 53.1% 25.0 74.0 - 42.9% 52.3% 12.4 7.7 28.0 51.9% 25.5% 34.2% 1.9 1.0 1.0 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 8225 9778 10008 60.5% 58.7% 66.0% 62228 66271 64324 70.5% 79.2% 81.5% 925 4320 6960 85.2% 88.0% 81.2% x x x x x x x x x x x x 3259 2387 1842 71.4% 79.8% 84.0% 2431 3186 3093 61.6% 58.3% 46.7% 2741 2977 3703 60.9% 69.6% 82.8% 60.6 110 85.0 19.1% 23.0% 13.3% 990 1002 1098 48.9% 47.7% 47.2% 10427 13956 11306 64.2% 66.1% 64.0% 316 376 319 80.4% 77.2% 73.6%

1990 4706 76.0% 2364 80.2% 7371 84.0% 4384 58.2% 439 82.1% 8211 95.8% 1.0 0.6% 1473 74.8% 11108 79.4% 22614 72.2% 1369 51.3% 78.8 53.1% 46.2 43.2% 8813 64.9% 66646 84.9% 11206 86.0% 1.8 0.7% 1404 69.6% 3220 40.8% 3511 90.1% 309 54.8% 853 44.9% 10432 71.3% 284 64.5%

1995 4970 74.7% 2410 77.2% 5988 80.3% 4358 52.9% 567 84.9% 5464 84.4% 4.2 14.3% 1757 76.9% 10237 76.5% 16012 64.2% 1370 71.7% 71.9 47.9% 6.7 9.7% 8211 63.3% 60425 84.1% 15372 83.8% 5.4 4.6% 572 54.7% 3219 43.7% 3984 90.5% 354 57.3% 842 47.7% 9950 81.5% 376 73.1%

2000 4264 71.6% 2591 71.7% 5987 75.3% 4523 52.3% 622 78.9% 4645 83.7% 1.2 0.5% 1605 66.1% 8642 76.6% 17098 68.3% 1149 83.5% 126 51.0% 8013 62.3% 59771 83.5% 18872 78.0% 9.0 4.6% 1.0 12.2% 39.9 8.2% 3348 42.4% 3610 89.6% 480 71.9% 908 48.0% 8178 81.2% 372 68.4%

2005 4144 77.1% 2916 72.0% 3928 70.9% 4317 53.3% 702 82.3% 4167 83.3% 0.2 0.2% 1566 59.9% 8587 75.7% 14830 67.7% 921 79.8% 129 49.7% 7736 61.8% 59996 83.1% 20119 76.5% 5.5 2.8% 2.0 27.5% 30.1 6.1% 3010 38.9% 4180 93.5% 546 74.7% 634 47.4% 5511 80.8% -

2010 5059 83.4% 2992 72.6% 3087 70.4% 4117 56.1% 397 74.7% 2888 81.6% 1422 60.8% 7243 77.5% 16494 69.1% 1144 94.7% 119 50.7% 6233 61.6% 60945 83.4% 26465 79.2% 3.6 2.0% 1.0 28.3% 24.4 4.3% 3296 41.6% 3763 93.8% 585 75.6% 478 44.8% 4892 82.9% 6.1 3.0%

2015 2971 76.6% 3356 77.7% 2923 74.7% 3277 47.8% 451 75.4% 2839 85.8% 1256 57.0% 6718 74.8% 17106 74.5% 1003 93.8% 133 48.8% 3195 45.3% 58523 83.9% 34470 83.8% 1.0 29.2% 10.9 2.7% 3011 38.3% 4136 92.0% 627 77.9% 537 46.2% 5926 86.7% 5.7 2.5%

2016 3133 77.9% 3331 79.5% 3284 77.1% 3479 48.9% 434 81.2% 2817 85.4% 1438 64.1% 6454 73.2% 17419 75.2% 786 88.2% 141 50.6% 3782 49.7% 58019 83.4% 33644 84.0% 1.0 29.4% 10.8 2.5% 2799 35.6% 4057 92.1% 607 77.8% 562 46.7% 5734 84.6% 9.9 3.9%

2017 3295 79.0% 3547 79.9% 3319 76.6% 3620 47.8% 418 81.0% 2823 85.4% 1358 63.1% 7178 75.4% 17658 75.1% 1027 89.9% 147 50.4% 3025 43.0% 57370 83.1% 33340 82.7% 0.7 22.4% 5.2 1.2% 2693 33.5% 4165 91.9% 628 79.2% 600 46.8% 6016 83.5% 7.8 3.0%

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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(thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

VI.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.7: Coal use in iron and steel production 1 (continued)

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1973 2771 100.0% x x 7118 70.8% 1620 43.6% 26.4 100.0% 1679 88.1% 17655 65.6%

1980 2477 97.0% x x 5671 63.7% 1677 52.4% 2069 75.9% 7623 62.5%

1985 2968 96.7% x x 5346 67.3% 1625 56.3% 2933 78.4% 8723 70.9%

1990 1995 3409 2807 96.8% 86.1% 57.7 31.0 17.4% 12.3% 4703 3858 69.0% 61.2% 1754 1993 66.1% 65.3% 22.0 - 100.0% 4653 4464 76.6% 68.4% 9378 8229 72.9% 64.3%

2000 2719 82.8% 38.0 15.8% 3587 50.8% 2204 68.6% 15.1 6.4% 4655 70.9% 7870 68.8%

2005 2971 86.2% 7.8 3.5% 3630 46.1% 2471 71.5% 14.5 5.0% 4794 67.3% 6990 79.0%

2010 2926 85.5% 8.2 3.9% 2714 50.8% 2438 75.7% 13.9 4.5% 6711 69.2% 5615 83.4%

2015 2883 84.3% 8.2 4.0% 2411 48.3% 1856 71.6% 15.7 5.1% 7469 65.1% 6094 85.5%

2016 2950 84.8% 8.2 3.8% 2211 46.3% 1858 73.7% 13.9 4.5% 7535 64.6% 4286 84.1%

2017 3053 84.0% 8.9 3.9% 2610 50.2% 1857 71.3% 13.5 4.1% 8282 63.8% 4065 84.6%

95634 58535 40205 36577 86.9% 80.3% 84.8% 80.3% 104625 68631 49476 44180 85.8% 76.5% 77.9% 72.5% 71492 77610 76748 82867 71.8% 79.6% 81.0% 84.3% 138415 121013 112439 103710 69.5% 69.9% 72.7% 74.5% 105020 69071 49930 44618 85.7% 76.4% 77.9% 72.6% 71494 77611 76749 82867 71.8% 79.6% 81.0% 84.2%

34683 59.3% 42260 57.1% 81120 83.3% 88520 70.9% 42827 57.3% 81120 83.2%

32579 53.4% 40450 52.2% 83385 81.5% 83866 70.2% 41071 52.4% 83385 81.4%

23768 53.1% 31095 51.3% 84805 81.1% 75841 69.6% 31797 51.8% 84805 80.9%

20083 51.1% 27496 50.4% 93055 82.1% 71063 71.2% 27893 50.6% 93055 82.0%

18395 48.0% 24683 46.5% 96592 83.6% 69733 71.8% 25134 46.9% 96592 83.5%

17080 48.8% 23358 46.7% 95403 83.4% 68524 71.6% 23792 47.1% 95403 83.3%

17145 46.6% 23459 44.7% 94633 82.8% 70590 71.3% 23877 45.1% 94633 82.7%

OECD Europe

138415 121038 112513 103848 69.5% 69.9% 72.7% 74.2%

88629 70.7%

84040 69.9%

75985 69.3%

71195 70.9%

69875 71.6%

68675 71.4%

70747 71.1%

IEA Total

314532 267254 238663 230757 211900 207701 191742 191614 191008 187285 188682 74.8% 74.2% 76.3% 77.3% 71.5% 69.4% 69.9% 71.6% 71.9% 72.0% 71.0%

OECD Total

314929 267719 239191 231334 212576 208497 192587 192144 191601 187870 189257 74.7% 74.2% 76.3% 77.1% 71.4% 69.3% 69.8% 71.4% 71.8% 71.9% 70.9%

Algeria

260 92.8% 80.8 100.0% 362 100.0% 10.6 100.0% 1.9 100.0% 10745 98.3% 76.0 100.0%

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania

Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Morocco Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zimbabwe Argentina

144 983 770 780 612 924 364 162 234 28.5% 68.7% 61.7% 59.3% 54.7% 61.3% 37.3% 32.4% - 37.7% 86.6 86.6 94.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 717 976 1033 1113 1352 1322 640 495 488 516 75.6% 80.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 18.3 28.9 24.1 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 3.8 1.9 7.7 100.0% 2.4% 9.7% 13930 13033 12383 7938 6968 8073 7781 5959 5888 6265 97.3% 96.5% 96.2% 92.5% 93.0% 93.3% 89.9% 88.4% 88.7% 89.3% 1.0 4.8 1.9 1.9 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 72.2 78.9 104 102 113 84.2% 85.3% 84.5% 82.8% 81.9% -

464 421 747 724 633 643 533 176 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 597 844 873 1116 682 267 649 637 66.3% 69.9% 84.0% 61.6% 26.6% 9.8% 20.1% 21.3%

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

213 98.7% 664 14.1%

214 98.7% 545 12.5%

224 98.7% 611 13.0%

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(thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.49

Table 4.7: Coal use in iron and steel production 1 (continued) (thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

1973

Brazil Colombia Cuba El Salvador Honduras Peru Uruguay Venezuela Bangladesh Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam Other non-OECD Asia PR of China

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

86.6 - 100.0% 2335 5517 8606 9467 11686 13120 13071 14707 15193 13830 15500 36.8% 42.1% 48.9% 48.6% 55.2% 56.5% 50.0% 56.2% 60.7% 60.6% 61.5% 460 1019 1135 1099 1369 1134 1032 1436 1253 1203 1184 94.4% 89.5% 82.4% 80.0% 78.4% 75.5% 72.0% 75.5% 66.8% 64.0% 62.6% 56.8 51.0 61.6 61.6 20.2 18.3 7.7 6.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 100.0% 100.0% 92.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 100.0% - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.0 1.0 - 100.0% 100.0% 201 203 155 135 178 397 385 145 176 140 72.0 22.9% 17.0% 12.5% 13.4% 14.0% 21.6% 21.6% 8.1% 8.1% 5.7% 2.8% -5.8 -1.0 - -308.8% -741.7% 335 180 212 315 44.9% 9.4% 7.0% 7.0% 3.8 13.0% 9692 94.2% 4.8 3.5% 3110 100.0% .. .. 1.9 100.0% 29.1 100.0% 8.7 2.7% 2.9 100.0% 286 36.7% 17.3 24.5% 1.0 100.0% -

9.6 100.0% 5.8 11.5% 12320 90.8% 31.8 14.4% 4413 100.0% .. .. 12.5 100.0% 92.1 100.0% 321 34.2% 1.9 100.0% 1444 55.4% 7.7 100.0% -

3.8 7.0% 13646 95.1% 28.9 4.1% 5100 100.0% 9.6 100.0% 673 100.0% 83.7 16.9% 1.9 100.0% 2323 68.6% 46.2 21.6% 14.4 100.0% -

22965 88.0%

71353 86.1%

53272 86.2%

1.9 2.8% 18355 95.9% 45.2 2.4% 5237 100.0% 9.6 100.0% 1036 100.0% 320 45.8% 4099 75.5% 70.2 14.7% 14.4 100.0% -

1.0 100.0% 24644 24483 36749 59520 91378 96772 104426 95.9% 95.7% 97.1% 88.0% 91.6% 91.9% 92.2% 27.3 195 295 351 1787 1707 1.7% 14.1% 12.7% 24.8% 64.7% 62.1% 1265 182 220 201 169 191 170 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 46.2 31.8 12.5 15.1 - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 53.8 71.1 - 85.6% 84.4% 1020 893 531 403 100.0% 100.0% 51.9% 51.5% 306 265 237 302 551 649 588 36.4% 31.7% 37.9% 32.8% 43.2% 46.1% 42.0% 1.0 1.0 1.0 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 4283 6463 6525 7454 10383 10380 10208 69.7% 72.4% 72.9% 76.1% 84.4% 84.8% 82.0% 96.2 77.9 66.4 260 104 63.5 55.8 11.3% 8.1% 3.7% 14.1% 4.8% 2.7% 2.6% 16.4 517 709 669 639 100.0% - 48.0% 37.4% 33.3% 29.8% 10.2 11.5 14.0 14.6 - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

69076 119240 130830 276033 483344 582174 562006 560226 81.9% 85.1% 85.4% 88.4% 89.4% 90.5% 90.5% 90.3%

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Bolivia

1980

VI.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.7: Coal use in iron and steel production 1 (continued) (thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

1973

Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo F.Y.R. of Macedonia Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Ukraine Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Islam. Rep. of Iran Lebanon Syrian Arab Republic Non-OECD Total World ######

1985

1990

1995

33.1 32.8 40.3 57.6 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% x x x x x x x x x x x x 1562 1453 1524 1140 100.0% 100.0% 81.3% 49.6% x x x 412 x x x 59.3% x x x x x x x x x 1335 x x x 89.2% x x x .. x x x .. x x x 54.2 x x x 14.9% x x x .. x x x .. 3162 6569 7440 4763 90.4% 89.7% 58.6% 48.8% x x x 50909 x x x 58.5% x x x 57.1 x x x 100.0% x x x 46806 x x x 88.3% 94694 94047 76736 x 66.5% 60.5% 55.0% x 2161 3005 4547 x 67.2% 77.8% 74.3% x 606 1188 940 689 101.2% 101.2% 101.2% 101.2%

1686 68.9% 19.2 15.1% 3035 71.5% .. .. 73.4 31.2% .. .. 3955 55.3% 45551 57.7% 45.9 52.9% 30847 91.8% x x x x 975 99.2%

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

22.8 20.8 7.0% 5.5% 194 - 100.0% 1302 1089 69.0% 65.8% 12.0 4.9 16.6% 9.1% 4639 4481 81.8% 88.8% 6.7 9.0 65.9% 65.3% 70.5 163 29.6% 33.8% .. 10.0 .. 23.4% 2290 3157 50.0% 58.7% 37500 42031 55.1% 54.2% 266 674 86.3% 71.8% 28923 27478 91.1% 70.5% x x x x x x x x 1279 1265 84.4% 85.3%

13.7 3.2% 790 87.7% 4.0 7.4% 6.8 4.4% 7670 52.7% 17.3 23.0% 151 32.4% 2.8 7.7% 1246 45.3% 47931 59.3% 689 93.0% 23329 69.5% x x x x 1264 82.5%

14.9 3.4% 748 84.9% 3.8 11.2% 109 38.8% 7758 65.2% 23.6 21.1% 117 30.4% 7.5 48.1% 1068 41.4% 64934 66.1% 496 78.2% 17521 76.0% x x x x 1550 93.4%

10.9 2.6% 716 84.5% 126 39.6% 9889 72.8% 29.8 27.4% 100 31.4% 6.9 61.7% 1092 44.4% 63522 65.7% 655 81.2% 14334 72.0% x x x x 1516 91.2%

11.9 2.7% 719 84.5% 0.1 0.0% 0.3 3.1% 141 36.5% 9460 71.0% 26.9 24.9% 50.2 22.4% 5.9 52.4% 971 49.3% 64838 66.9% 718 80.6% 14324 74.1% x x x x 1589 90.9%

0.9 0.9 100.0% 100.0% 3.8 3.8 1.9 1.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 154330 219515 193499 231824 261566 264161 427137 661364 804331 786905 795582 72.2% 70.9% 66.7% 72.6% 74.7% 75.0% 77.7% 81.2% 84.4% 84.6% 84.6% 469259 487235 432690 463157 474141 472658 619724 853507 995931 974774 984839 73.9% 72.7% 71.7% 74.8% 73.2% 72.4% 75.1% 78.8% 81.7% 81.8% 81.6% -

1. Coal covers all coal types and coal products, but excludes peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. Consumption in the 1. iron and steel industry also includes transformation and energy support for coke ovens and blast furnaces. Electricity and heat 1. generation from coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and coal tar is similarly included. The electricity and heat generated is excluded 1. to avoid double counting. Please see the explanatory notes and definitions in Part I. 2. Some portions of data may be reported in non-specified industry for some countries for some years instead. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

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Albania

1980

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.51

Table 4.8: Coal use in non-metallic mineral industries 1

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway

1973 1980 1985 1990 896 778 925 794 100.0% 26.6% 30.9% 26.0% 63.9 34.3 224 217 4.2% 3.6% 31.6% 22.1% 988 1478 899 837 31.9% 43.6% 46.1% 39.1% 666 341 711 543 22.4% 14.4% 31.4% 26.9% 184 173 128 184 65.7% 68.7% 60.3% 81.0% 545 670 621 521 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 62.4% 140 360 157 208 11.6% 35.6% 16.6% 29.9% x x x x x x 459 778 686 - 53.1% 65.6% 61.8% 494 588 1709 975 10.4% 12.7% 27.2% 16.9% 1844 2981 3544 3476 13.6% 24.5% 35.4% 34.1% 6.0 5.0 1273 1205 0.8% 0.3% 69.9% 66.1% 460 289 211 79.1 32.0% 16.6% 13.7% 5.4% 18.9 12.9 - 100.0% 75.5% 171 - 40.4% 214 547 2130 1327 1.8% 4.4% 21.1% 12.5% 4333 7802 9048 - 27.3% 53.0% 44.3% 657 2190 2928 - 67.2% 60.4% 55.1% x x x 6.4 x x x 1.3% x x x 21.4 x x x 1.3% 106 117 132 - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 20.8 152 146 114 1.3% 10.1% 12.7% 8.6% 98.8 164 - 77.2% 81.3% 111 89.7 170 142 53.4% 15.2% 43.1% 43.0%

1995 751 25.6% 162 15.8% 523 25.9% 641 29.4% 305 83.5% 364 19.4% 295 32.7% 11.8 4.5% 500 58.1% 438 8.3% 3555 31.4% 1172 60.0% 70.3 8.3% 6.7 52.7% 62.0 17.2% 702 7.1% 8865 42.9% 4541 57.0% 3.9 2.6% 11.1 2.8% 102 87.6% 71.5 6.2% 203 50.2%

2000 691 23.8% 199 18.8% 479 22.7% 819 37.6% 228 70.3% 330 19.6% 239 27.2% 33.5 20.9% 203 36.8% 230 4.3% 2816 27.6% 972 52.9% 99.2 12.1% 13.4 70.8% 92.0 17.2% 531 4.6% 7009 40.5% 4387 55.5% 1.0 1.0% 5.0 2.3% 107 37.4% 77.5 6.3% 176 42.7%

2005 929 26.6% 151 11.6% 246 13.8% 945 26.7% 181 46.4% 207 12.4% 217 24.3% 8.3 4.5% 199 33.5% 346 5.7% 1883 19.6% 375 23.4% 168 18.1% 13.4 70.8% 211 27.9% 507 4.0% 6192 41.1% 4037 53.1% 23 13.8% 114 43.0% 74.7 31.0% 132 1.9% 49.5 4.7% 128 34.1%

2010 724 19.9% 114 9.2% 387 23.0% 712 26.8% 74.5 17.7% 236 15.6% 85.1 14.9% 41.7 26.4% 146 31.6% 591 11.0% 1933 20.9% 244 17.6% 57.2 9.1% 9.6 77.2% 132 32.3% 89.7 1.1% 4896 39.9% 3827 47.3% 59.9 31.3% 116 61.5% 63.3 28.8% 147 2.2% 51.9 5.0% 114 66.9% 133 28.5%

2015 570 18.1% 93.2 7.7% 501 25.4% 556 17.0% 0.6 0.1% 206 13.6% 81.3 13.1% 20.4 19.4% 95.6 23.4% 380 7.9% 1972 21.0% 71.6 6.8% 49.0 7.1% 120 21.1% 197 2.8% 4837 40.7% 3913 48.2% 33 17.0% 132 62.6% 52.0 24.7% 224 2.9% 49.6 6.1% 111 55.0% 107 22.8%

2016 531 16.9% 75.9 6.1% 470 23.6% 511 15.3% 6.3 1.5% 212 13.3% 81.4 11.7% 18.5 18.6% 105 24.1% 383 7.6% 1920 20.6% 47.1 4.2% 41.4 5.4% 123 20.5% 322 4.9% 4770 39.5% 3829 48.2% 23 14.4% 120 59.3% 58.0 26.9% 236 3.0% 51.7 6.0% 74.4 47.5% 106 23.2%

2017 543 18.4% 73.4 5.8% 440 23.1% 513 14.6% 6.5 1.7% 251 15.3% 89.2 12.4% 25.5 21.0% 113 24.4% 310 6.5% 2027 21.1% 52.6 5.4% 48.5 6.4% 115 17.6% 211 3.5% 4892 40.8% 3376 45.4% 31 16.4% 116 60.3% 52.3 26.1% 244 3.3% 62.5 7.4% 67.1 40.1% 123 24.5%

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(thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

VI.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.8: Coal use in non-metallic mineral industries 1 (continued)

Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe IEA Total OECD Total Botswana Ethiopia Kenya Morocco Nigeria Senegal South Africa

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

5598 78.0% 12.9 1.1% x x 256 14.9% 19.1 100.0% 3492 41.1%

5101 66.5% 16.4 1.0% 185 57.0% x x 321 4.8% 242 21.9% 177 57.1% 2539 42.3%

4394 67.3% 316 20.5% 197 52.1% x x 2268 43.7% 334 40.5% 422 57.0% 1716 34.8%

3122 63.2% 704 36.4% 187 32.9% 18.1 11.4% 1637 25.2% 409 45.4% 381 47.7% 1776 69.8% 1355 27.0%

3140 65.5% 578 28.8% 256 31.0% 18.0 15.5% 401 6.7% 309 42.6% 194 32.2% 1766 60.6% 878 23.0%

2059 55.6% 415 13.8% 203 19.8% 32.0 10.2% 421 4.6% 264 37.1% 132 18.5% 1784 56.3% 1075 27.2%

1195 33.2% 2 0.1% 182 25.6% 54.0 15.7% 145 1.3% 248 39.4% 127 20.6% 2758 63.8% 1007 23.4%

1102 28.4% 48 2.1% 175 32.7% 29.6 10.5% 32.3 0.5% 228 37.3% 182 25.3% 4604 59.0% 966 26.8%

890 24.1% 6.0 0.4% 78.5 12.6% 16.2 6.4% 9.8 0.2% 245 48.8% 159 25.4% 3963 50.4% 947 25.3%

841 20.7% 8.3 0.6% 75.2 11.5% 14.3 5.7% 12.3 0.3% 210 45.2% 140 21.8% 4263 51.2% 733 20.9%

887 20.7% 7.5 0.5% 70.4 10.6% 16.1 5.9% 12.3 0.3% 217 44.6% 138 20.8% 3863 28.5% 600 17.7%

5196 60.7% 5863 47.3% 896 5.0% 14265 21.8% 6047 47.7% 896 5.0%

9976 66.5% 10318 55.0% 5867 29.4% 16340 24.8% 10490 55.2% 5867 29.4%

12149 75.1% 12859 56.3% 11080 51.4% 21626 37.6% 12987 56.4% 11080 51.4%

11053 72.4% 11596 54.1% 12770 44.2% 19662 32.1% 11780 54.4% 12770 44.2%

10649 33.6% 11290 30.1% 14157 44.7% 15754 26.3% 11595 30.6% 14157 44.6%

11438 32.6% 12257 28.6% 12087 42.8% 12937 20.2% 12485 28.9% 12087 42.7%

10589 30.0% 11665 25.6% 11159 42.5% 10436 15.5% 11846 25.7% 11159 42.4%

7316 27.8% 8175 23.0% 9562 39.6% 11644 19.8% 8250 22.9% 9562 39.4%

8122 34.0% 8902 25.5% 9431 40.4% 10293 19.0% 8903 25.2% 9431 40.4%

6546 29.1% 7293 21.6% 9205 39.5% 10297 18.8% 7300 21.3% 9205 39.5%

6969 32.8% 7726 24.1% 8879 39.4% 9790 16.4% 7732 23.8% 8879 38.6%

14265 21.8% 21024 21.9%

16340 24.8% 32525 31.1%

21645 37.6% 45566 44.7%

19721 31.0% 44028 39.5%

15794 26.0% 41202 31.9%

12989 20.1% 37281 27.6%

10640 15.6% 33260 23.9%

11859 19.9% 29381 24.8%

10474 19.1% 28626 25.5%

10454 18.8% 26795 23.9%

9952 16.5% 26394 23.1%

21208 32697 45713 44271 41546 37561 33645 29671 28807 26959 26563 22.1% 31.2% 44.7% 38.8% 31.9% 27.6% 23.9% 24.8% 25.4% 23.9% 22.9% .. .. 9.7 .. .. - 88.7% 44.0 362 463 510 - 28.1% 61.1% 58.0% 58.0% 79.2 133 137 94.2 128 236 707 696 661 - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 71.8 77.4% 108 133 82.7 48.4 17.6 2.6 7.0 33.5 41.4 40.5 40.8 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 134 254 433 455 378 - 86.9% 83.7% 83.3% 84.4% 80.7% 2061 2250 2124 1987 1660 1324 1992 1562 1410 1691 1509 93.9% 93.9% 93.3% 93.1% 86.9% 90.3% 86.2% 67.0% 64.3% 68.5% 66.1%

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(thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition) - VI.53

Table 4.8: Coal use in non-metallic mineral industries 1 (continued)

Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Jamaica Venezuela Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand Viet Nam PR of China Albania Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 4.4 0.9 - 100.0% 100.0% 84.3 61.5 46.4 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 170 104 111 123 41.5 39.6 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% - 100.0% 100.0% 89.9% 435 1397 871 610 254 164 140 5.8% 21.5% 13.4% 8.9% 2.8% 1.9% 1.2% 910 890 1210 944 1209 901 552 - 55.4% 54.8% 57.6% 47.7% 55.5% 40.1% 28.1% 0.9 - 100.0% 115 311 461 - 34.3% 60.9% 57.8% 45.8 48.4 46.7 51.9 47.5 - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 54.2 43.8 43.8 346 7.3 189 53.2 285 100.0% 6.1% 5.6% 28.9% 0.7% 14.4% 4.0% 16.7% 171 168 70.0 402 458 471 603 799 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% .. .. .. .. 6.4 .. .. .. .. - 100.0% 2424 4517 5544 8746 9804 13368 13432 16657 76.8% 88.2% 87.8% 88.8% 87.8% 76.8% 68.8% 66.4% 2.7 1673 3867 4735 100.0% - 47.4% 68.5% 75.1% 10.0 100.0% 109 202 319 - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 708 857 1233 1793 1820 1635 4686 5495 45.4% 47.6% 55.0% 52.8% 49.4% 46.2% 78.6% 85.9% 0.4 118 511 653 1012 979 1451 2346 0.5% 24.1% 71.0% 55.1% 53.9% 59.4% 70.7% 82.9% 7.0 5.0 93.0 95.0 - 100.0% 100.0% - 100.0% 100.0% 993 1245 2191 2544 2412 1951 2300 1961 50.6% 32.7% 66.2% 61.6% 55.4% 55.2% 60.3% 59.7% 1.5 241 1205 3808 3970 7688 10875 0.1% 22.6% 48.5% 69.5% 77.6% 74.2% 84.3% 6471 - 100.0% 32530 59446 70433 95714 73788 173537 224270 - 90.6% 90.0% 87.4% 86.5% 78.5% 84.0% 82.3% 8.7 9.1 155 - 10.4% 17.5% 51.6% x x x 52.1 27.9 19.7 15.0 20.2 x x x 2.1% 2.7% 1.7% 1.0% 1.1% x x x 21.1 57.9 x x x - 100.0% 61.8%

2015 74.6 89.3% 294 2.2% 1318 69.6% 0.9 100.0% 641 73.9% 85.4 55.3% 195 19.3% 2840 100.0% 17.4 100.0% 21864 70.0% 4601 72.6% 455 100.0% 7018 82.9% 2530 83.5% 87.0 100.0% 1909 59.7% 9772 78.0% 9354 81.2% 233376 80.4% 132 67.5% 567 40.0% 89.1 69.3%

2016 75.5 89.4% 213 1.8% 2540 78.1% 0.9 100.0% 543 61.7% 82.7 52.2% 176 22.0% 1890 100.0% 22.6 100.0% 19062 67.4% 6754 84.7% 8134 84.2% 2941 84.9% 78.0 100.0% 1970 63.0% 7285 71.0% 9081 80.2% 219873 79.4% 67.3 39.7% 504 37.7% 83.9 68.5%

2017 79.1 89.4% 219 1.9% 1191 63.6% 7.3 100.0% 519 57.5% 72.2 47.1% 182 22.3% 2432 100.0% 61.9 100.0% 20371 67.6% 8779 86.7% 227 65.6% 10709 90.2% 3339 85.5% 70.1 100.0% 1786 60.1% 9014 76.1% 9249 79.7% 207154 77.4% 161 49.5% 511 35.6% 103 72.7%

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(thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

VI.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2019 edition)

Table 4.8: Coal use in non-metallic mineral industries1 (continued) (thousand tonnes of coal equivalent2 / share of coal in the sector)

Croatia Cyprus3 Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan F.Y.R. of Macedonia Republic of Moldova Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Ukraine Former Soviet Union Former Yugoslavia Jordan Lebanon United Arab Emirates Yemen Non-OECD Total

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x 65.1 79.5% x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

101 6.4% 145 20.2% 91.5 57.1% .. .. 94.9 66.6% 477 13.9% -

103 7.4% 53.6 12.9% 18.9 6.1% 4.0 2.1% .. .. 14.5 0.9% 903 8.8% -

134 18.6% 56.2 9.0% 46.2 14.5% 0.6 4.3% .. .. 9.4 0.6% 753 5.8% -

201 22.7% 156 20.9% 50.8 16.8% 0.6 0.3% 0.4 11.4% 50.2 3.3% 992 5.1% 96.8 53.5% -

172 19.8% 176 31.4% 23.8 10.3% 36.0 30.1% 81.4 9.6% 1609 7.3% 153 20.0% -

105 87.6 78.6 13.7% 10.9% 9.7% 90.0 68.7 81.0 18.9% 15.0% 15.0% 5.3 4.3 2.5% 1.9% 274 226 246 75.2% 70.7% 74.4% 18.0 3.0 2.0 3.1% 0.7% 0.2% 280 42.5 56.8 83.0% 48.4% 45.1% 19.7 77.8 87.3 17.7% 61.0% 64.5% 54.1 30.1 37.9 45.6% 31.7% 34.0% 106 109 86.1 8.1% 7.8% 6.1% 1392 1305 1228 6.4% 6.6% 6.0% 143 196 120 29.6% 35.6% 23.7% 231 468 - 100.0% 100.0%

x x 12522 22.9% x x -

x x 12686 18.4% x x -

x x 12948 17.3% 348 13.5% -

37.3 3.6% x x x x -

28.9 6.6% x x x x -

22.4 6.5% x x x x -

175 4.2% x x x x -

893 35.2% x x x x -

701 41.9% x x x x 250 47.3%

816 47.4% x x x x 314 49.3%

709 44.8% x x x x 236 46.5%

19381 27.1%

56058 42.7%

87373 51.3%

170 189 189 212 - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 208 23.0 - 100.0% 100.0% 150 - 100.0% 91424 119782 102540 213815 281450 72.7% 70.8% 62.3% 70.2% 71.1%

237 100.0% 359 100.0% 137 100.0% 304345 70.2%

241 100.0% 539 100.0% 119 100.0% 289128 69.6%

244 100.0% 577 100.0% 112 100.0% 283711 68.3%

1. Industries classified as using non-metallic mineral products include glass, bricks, ceramics and cement manufacture. Coal covers 1. all coal types and dervied coal products, but excludes peat, peat products and oil shale and oil sands. See the explanatory notes 1. and definitions in Part I. 2. Some portions of data may be reported in non-specified industry for some countries for some years instead. 3. Please refer to the Geographical notes in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD World Energy Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

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Bulgaria

1973

Energy Data Officer/Statistician Possible staff vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France

The IEA The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 30 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the initial role of the IEA was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries. The Energy Data Centre, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience.

Job description The data officers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data officers are responsible for the production of data sets through receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from member countries and other sources. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations. The data officers/statisticians also design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s) alongside analysis of the data.

Principal qualifications  University degree in a topic relevant to energy, or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in mathematics, statistics, information technology, economics, engineering, physics, environmental studies, etc.  Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Experience in Visual Basic is an advantage.  Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines; ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently.  Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry; ability to understand, and communicate data.  An excellent written and oral command of English; knowledge of other languages would be an asset.  Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required. Nationals of any IEA member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries start at 3 400 euros per month. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Office of Management and Administration International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France

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Online data services Users can instantly access not only all the data published in this book, but also all the time series used for preparing this publication and all the other statistics publications of the IEA. The data are available online, either through annual subscription or pay-per-view access. More information on this service can be found on our website at http://data.iea.org.

Nine annual publications n World Energy Statistics 2019 World Energy Statistics provides comprehensive world energy statistics on all energy sources – coal, gas, oil, electricity, renewables and waste. It covers energy supply and consumption for over 160 countries and regions, including all OECD countries, and more than 100 other key energy producing and consuming countries, as well as world totals and various regional aggregates. The book includes detailed tables by country in original units, and summary time series on production, trade, and final consumption by sector. Published August 2019 - Price: Print €120; PDF €96

n World Energy Balances 2019 World Energy Balances provides comprehensive energy balances for all the world’s largest energy producing and consuming countries. It contains detailed data on the supply and consumption of energy for over 160 countries and regions, including all OECD countries, and more than 100 other key energy producing and consuming countries, as well as world totals and various regional aggregates. The book includes graphs and detailed data by country for all energy sources – coal, gas, oil, electricity, renewables and waste - expressed in balance format. Alongside this, there are summary time series on production, trade, final consumption by sector, as well as key energy and economic indicators and an overview of trends in global energy production and use. Published August 2019 - Price: Print €120; PDF €96

n Coal Information 2019 Coal Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the world coal sector. It provides an overview of world coal developments covering coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type, coal trade and coal prices. A detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in the OECD member countries, by region and individually is presented in tables and charts. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on major non-OECD coal-producing and -consuming countries, with summary statistics on coal supply and end-use statistics for many other countries and regions worldwide. Published August 2019 - Price: Print €165; PDF €132

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n Electricity Information 2019 Electricity Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the OECD electricity sector. It provides an overview of the world electricity developments covering world electricity and heat production, input fuel mix, supply and consumption, and electricity imports and exports. More detail is provided for the OECD countries with information covering production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, consumption, electricity trades, input fuel prices and end-user electricity prices. It provides comprehensive statistical details on overall energy consumption, economic indicators, electricity and heat production by energy form and plant type, electricity imports and exports, sectoral energy and electricity consumption, as well as prices for electricity and electricity input fuels for each country and regional aggregate. Published August 2019 - Price: Print €150; PDF €120

n Natural Gas Information 2019 Natural Gas Information is a detailed reference work on gas supply and demand covering OECD countries and the rest of the world. The publication contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed supply and demand balance for each country and for the three OECD regions: Americas, Asia-Oceania and Europe, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination. Published August 2019 - Price: Print €165; PDF €132

n Oil Information 2019 Oil Information is a comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. This publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. Its core consists of a detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination. Published August 2019 - Price: Print €165; PDF €132

n Renewables Information 2019 Renewables Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in OECD countries. It provides an overview of the development of renewables and waste in the world since 1990. A greater focus is given to the OECD countries with a review of electricity generation and capacity from renewable and waste energy sources, including detailed tables. However, an overview of developments in the world and OECD renewable and waste market is also presented. The publication encompasses energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewables and waste. Published August 2019 - Price: Print €110; PDF €88

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n CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2019 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion provides a full analysis of emissions stemming from energy use. The data in this book cover the emissions of CO2 for over 160 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. The publication contains estimates of CO2 emissions, selected indicators such as CO2/GDP, CO2/capita and CO2/TPES and a decomposition of CO2 emissions into driving factors for all countries and regions. Emissions are calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emission factors from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The IEA CO2 emissions estimates are complemented by the EDGAR greenhouse gas data. Published November 2019 - Price: Print €165; PDF €132

n Energy Efficiency Indicators Highlights 2019 This statistical report is designed to help understand what drives final energy use in IEA member countries in order to improve and track national energy efficiency policies. This publication contains a comprehensive selection of data that the IEA has been collecting each year, after its members recognised in 2009 the need to better monitor energy efficiency policies. This report also expands its scope to countries beyond IEA. The report includes country-specific analysis of end uses across the largest four sectors – residential, services, industry and transport. It answers questions such as: 

What are the largest drivers for energy-use trends in each country? Was energy saved because of efficiency progress over time?  How much energy is used for space heating, appliances or cooking?  What are the most energy-intensive industries? 

This publication is complemented by the Energy Efficiency Indicators database which contains annual data from 2000 to 2017 covering end-use energy consumption by energy product, enduse energy efficiency indicators and carbon intensity indicators for the four sectors.

Published December 2019 - Free pdf

Quarterly report n Energy Prices and Taxes Energy Prices and Taxes provides up-to-date information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains crude oil import prices by crude stream, industry prices and consumer prices. The end-user prices for OECD member countries cover main oil products, gas, coal and electricity. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price and tax components in each country.

Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription: Print €380; PDF €304

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Electronic editions The Energy Data Centre produces online data services containing the complete databases which are used for preparing the statistics publications. Built-in software allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very user-friendly manner and includes graphic facilities.

Annual Databases World Energy Statistics 2019 World Energy Balances 2019 n  World Energy Statistics and Balances 2019 (Combined subscription of the above two series) n Coal Information 2019 n Electricity Information 2019 n Natural Gas Information 2019 n Oil Information 2019 n Renewables Information 2019 n CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2019 n Energy Efficiency Indicators 2019

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n

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Energy Prices and Taxes

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Other services n Emissions Factors 2019 The Emissions Factors  database includes a series of indicators related to emissions from electricity and heat generation for over 160 countries and regions, based on the IEA World Energy Balances and CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion data. The main factors included are: CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions per kWh of electricity and heat; adjustments due to trade (for OECD) and to losses; emission factors by fuel for sectors other than electricity. The database is available in Excel format.



Price: €550 (single user)

n World Energy Prices 2019 The World Energy Prices  data service contains annual end-use energy prices for selected products and sectors for over one hundred countries in the world. Complementing the quarterly OECD Energy Prices and Taxes, the world database focuses on prices for gasoline and diesel for transport; as well as electricity for households and industry. Price: €400 (single user)

n Energy Prices & Taxes and World Energy Prices package This service is a package containing both the Energy Prices and Taxes and World Energy Prices online data services offered at a reduced rate. Price: €1 100 (single user) Detailed descriptions of all these data services are available on our website at http://data.iea.org.

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n The Monthly Oil Data Service The Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The Monthly Oil Data Service is available as an annual subscription and includes twelve monthly updates. The service comprises three packages available separately or combined. The data are released on the same day as the official release of the Oil Market Report. The packages include: n Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks n Trade n Field-by-Field Supply n Complete Service

Price: €6 150 (single user) Price: €2 050 (single user) Price: €3 080 (single user) Price: €9 200 (single user)

A description of this service is available on our website at www.iea.org/statistics/mods.

n The Monthly Gas Data Service The Monthly Gas Data Service  provides the following monthly natural gas data for OECD countries:  Supply balances in terajoules and cubic metres;  Production, trade, stock changes and levels where available, gross inland deliveries, own use and losses;  Highly detailed trade data with about 50 import origins and export destinations;  LNG trade detail available from January 2002,  From 2011 onwards, transit volumes are included and trade data corresponds to entries/exits. The databases cover the time period January 1984 to current month with a time lag of two months for the most recent data. Price: €800 (single user) For more information consult http://data.iea.org/payment/products/112-monthly-gas-dataservice.aspx Moreover, the IEA statistics website contains a wealth of free statistics covering oil, natural gas, coal, electricity, renewables, energy-related CO2 emissions, prices, energy technology RD&D budgets, energy efficiency and more. It also contains Sankey flows to enable users to explore visually how a country’s energy balance shifts over up to 40 years, starting with production and continuing through transformation to see important changes in supply mix or share of consumption. The IEA Energy Atlas offers panoramas on every aspect of energy on a global basis and for 150 individual countries, with interactive maps and customisable charts that detail and compare a host of data based on the Agency’s authoritative statistics. The website also includes free headline energy data in excel format for all OECD countries and global regions from 1971 onwards as well as for Association countries from 1990 onwards. The IEA statistics website can be accessed at www.iea.org/statistics/

This publication reflects the views of the IEA Secretariat but does not necessarily reflect those of individual IEA member countries. The IEA makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, in respect of the publication’s contents (including its completeness or accuracy) and shall not be responsible for any use of, or reliance on, the publication. Unless otherwise indicated, all material presented in figures and tables is derived from IEA data and analysis. This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

IEA. All rights reserved. IEA Publications International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Contact information: www.iea.org/about/contact Typeset in France by IEA - August 2019 Cover design: IEA Photo credits: © GraphicObsession ISSN: 16834275 ISBN: 9789264963832

Coal Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the world coal sector. It provides an overview of world coal developments covering coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type, coal trade and coal prices. A detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in the OECD member countries, by region and individually is presented in tables and charts. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on major non-OECD coalproducing and -consuming countries, with summary statistics on coal supply and enduse statistics for many other countries and regions worldwide. Coal I nformation  is one of a se ri es of annual I E A   stati sti c a l   p u b l i c ati o n s   o n   m a j o r   e n e rg y sources; other reports are Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information, Oil Information and Renewables Information.

2019

€132 I SBN 978-92-64-96383-2 I SSN 1683- 4275

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