A functional course in oral and written composition for ninth grade students
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A FUNCTIONAL COURSE IN ORAL AND WITTEN COMPOSITION FOR NINTH GRADE STUDENTS
A P ro je c t P re se n te d
to
t h e F a c u l t y o f t h e S c h o o l o f E d u c a tio n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a
In P a r t i a l F u lfillm e n t o f th e R e q u ir e m e n ts f o r t h e D egree M a s te r of S c i e n c e i n E d u c a tio n
by R e b e c c a J . B u ard A u g u st
1950
UMI Number: EP46211
All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
Dissertation Publishing
UMI EP46211 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code
ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346
IZA
t5~f
(3 9 / y
T h is p r o je c t report, ‘written under the direction of the candidate’s a d v is e r a n d a p p r o v e d by him, has been p r es e nt e d to and a c ce pt e d by the F a cu lt y of the S c h o o l of E du c a ti o n in p ar ti al f u lf ill m e nt of the requirements f o r the degree of M a s t e r of Science in E ducation.
Date
........................
A dviser
Dean
ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER
PAGE PART I .
SAYING WHAT YOU MEAN HOW TO CONVERSE
1.
BEST FOOT FORWARD:
HOW TO ADAPT YOUR CONVERSA
TION TO PARTICULAR OCCASIONS . . 1.
GATHERING INFORMATION:
How t o become a good
..............................................................
c o n v e rs a tio n a list 2.
2
CHATTERING WITH SUPERIORS:
How t o c o n v e r s e
w i t h p a r e n t s an d e l d e r l y p e o p l e 3.
2
.............................
2
EXCHANGING IDEAS:* How t o d raw o t h e r s i n t o th e c o n v e r s a t i o n ............................................................. MEETING STRANGERS: str a n g e r s
5.
H ow t o
ta lk
......................................
PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS:
3
w ith
. . . . . . . . .
3
How t o c a r r y y o u r
s h a r e o f t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n ...................................... 2.
HEMMING AND HAWING:
3
HOW TO AVOID EMBARRASSING
L U L L S .............................................................................................. 1.
INTRODUCING NEW TOPICS: su b je c ts
6
How t o change
............................................................................
2.
DEMANDING ATTENTION:
How t o i n t e r e s t o t h e r s
3.
DRAWING OUT THE TIMID:
How t o make t i m i d
p eo p le c o n t r i b u t o r s t o th e c o n v e rs a tio n
. . .
.
6 6
7
iii CHAPTER 3.
PAGE
HELLO AND GOODBYE:
HOW TO MEET AND TAKE LEAVE
OF P E O P L E .......................................................................................... . 1 0 1.
GETTING ACQUAINTED:
2.
CONDUCT:
How t o d e p o r t y o u r s e l f .....................................10
3.
GOODBYE:
How t o t a k e l e a v e o f a g r o u p .......................11
JOB SEEKING:
5.
H ow
t o I n t r o d u c e y o u r s e l f . 10
HOW TO PARTICIPATE IN INTERVIEWS . . .
1.
THE APPOINTMENT:
2.
APPEARANCE:
How t o l o o k ........................................................15
3.
DEPORTMENT:
How t o c o n d u c t y o u r s e l f ................... .' 16
NICKEL. PLEASE:
How t o g e t t h e i n t e r v i e w
15
HOW TO TALK ON THE TELEPHONE
1.
GETTING CONNECTED:
2.
RECEIVING THE CALL:
. . . -15
. . .
How t o u s e t h e t e l e p h o n e . . 20 How t o a n s w e r t h e t e l e
phone 3.
20
20
ON THE PHONE: PART I I .
How t o t a k e t h e m e s s a g e .......................21 SOCIAL AND BUSINESS MESSAGES
HOW TO COMMUNICATE IN WRITING 6.
DEAR JOE:
HOW TO WRITE SOCIAL LETTERS................................ 25
1.
STATIONERY:
2.
THE EYE-APPEAL:
3.
How t o s e l e c t t h e p a p e r ........................... 25 How t o g iv e t h e l e t t e r an
a t t r a c t i v e ap pearance
......................................................... 25
THE FORM AND CONTENT:
How t o c h o o s e t h e
s t y l e an d t h e s u b j e c t m a t t e r .............................................. 26 k,
THE ENVELOPE:
How t o a d d r e s s t h e e n v e lo p e . . .
27
iv CHAPTER 7.
8.
PAGE
R. 3 . V. P . :
HOW TO WRITE INVITATIONS................................J>0
1.
INFORMAL:
2.
FORMAL:
3*
REPLYING:
THANK YOU: 1.
How t o w r i t e i n f o r m a l i n v i t a t i o n s • • J>0 How t o w r i t e f o r m a l i n v i t a t i o n s How t o a n s w e r t h e i n v i t a t i o n
. . . . ~$0 . . . .
30
HOW TO WRITE LETTERS OF APPRECIATION . . 33
THANK-YOU NOTES:
How t o w r i t e t h a n k i n g someone
f o r a g i f t o r f a v o r .................................................................33 2.
BREAD-AND-BUTTER:
How t o w r i t e e :x p re s s in g
a p p re c ia tio n fo r h o s p it a li tie s 9.
DEAR SIR:
. ................................. 33
HOW TO WRITE BUSINESS LETTERS . . . . . .
1.
THE STATIONERY:
How t o s e l e c t y o u r p a p e r
2.
THE EYE-APPEAL:
How t o im prove t h e a p p e a r a n c e
of your l e t t e r . 3»
. . .
............................
THE FORM AND CONTENT:
38
. 39
How t o w r i t e a l e t t e r o f a p p l i
c a tio n
40
5.
ORDERS:
6.
SUBSCRIPTIONS:
How t o w r i t e l e t t e r s o r d e r i n g s u p p l i e s . 4 l How t o s u b s c r i b e f o r p a p e r s
o r p e r i o d i c a l s ................................................... 7»
SENDING CLAIMS:
8.
FORWARDING QUICK MESSAGES:
4-1
How t o w r i t e l e t t e r s o f c l a i m s . ^1
t e l e g r a m s and n i g h t l e t t e r s 9.
3^
How t o c h o o s e fo rm and
s u b j e c t m a t t e r ...................................................................... APPLICATION:
38
PREPARING THE ENVELOPE:
How t o w r i t e .......................................... 4-2
How t o a d d r e s s th e
e n v e l o p e ...............................................................................
4-2
v CHAPTER
PAGE PART I I I .
CLUB WORK
HOW TO BEHAVE IN MEETINGS 10.
RUNNING THE SHOW?
How t o p u t a m o tio n
. .
.
. . . . . . . .
*J-7
•1.
MOTIONS:
2.
DEPORTMENT:
How t o con d u ct y o u r s e lf w h ile
p r e s id in g
................................................................................. M-7
3. 11.
HOW TO ACT AS AN OFFICER
h'J
ADJOURNMENT: How t o c l o s e th e m eetin g . . . .
CARRYING YOUR WEIGHT:
HOW TO PARTICIPATE AS A
FLOOR MEMBER..................................................................................51 1.
KEEPING RECORDS:
2.
VOTING:
How t o w r ite th e m in u tes . .
How t o make a m o tio n a n d seco n d a
m o t i o n ...................................................................... 3.
51
COMMITTEE REPORTS:
51
How t o make a co m m ittee
r e p o r t ................................................................................................52 12.
MI FRIENDS: 1.
HOW TO SPEAK TO AN AUDIENCE................ 55
DELIVERING THE MESSAGE:
How t o speak so
o t h e r s w i l l u n d e r s t a n d y o u ................................................ 55 2.
SELECTING SUBJECT:
How to d e c i d e on your
t o p i c ................................ 3.
SUBJECT MATTER:
*J-.
OUTLINE:
5.
THE AUDIENCE:
56 to c o lle c t m a te ria l . . .
56
How t o o u t l i n e y o u r m a t e r i a l . . . .
56
H ow
How t o g e t t h e a t t e n t i o n o f
t h e a u d i e n c e ................................................................................. 57
vi CHAPTER
PAGE
6.
THE SPEECH:
How t o d e l i v e r th e sp e e c h . . . .
7*
THE INTRODUCTION: PART IV.
57
How t o in tr o d u c e a sp e a k e r .
5^
VOICE OF THE PEOPLE
HOW TO PRODUCE A SCHOOL PAPER 13.
DIGGING IT UP:
HOW TO COLLECT MATERIAL FOR THE
SCHOOL PA PER .........................................................................
1*1.
63
1.
SOURCES:
How t o g e t i n f o r m a t i o n ...................................63
2.
WRITING:
How to r e c o r d th e n e w s .................................. 6M -
PUTTING IT TOGETHER:
HOW TO CONSTRUCT NEWS
S T O R IE S .................................................................................................... 67 1.
WRITING THE STORY: How t o w r it e a news s t o r y .
67
2.
HEADLINES:
68
3.
ANNOUNCEMENTS: How t o w r ite b r i e f a r t i c l e s
*4-.
FEATURE STORIES'.
How t o w r it e th e h e a d lin e
. . . . .
How t o w r ite s p e c i a l
f e a t u r e s t o r i e s ........................................................
68
5.
BOOK REVIEWS: H ow t o w r it e book r e p o r ts . . .
68
6.
MOVIE REVIEW:
How t o w r it e a m otion p ic t u r e 6$
r e v i e w .....................................
15.
68
7.
RADIO REVIEWS: How t o w r ite r a d io news
S.
EDITORIALS:
THE DUMMY:
. . .
69
How t o w r it e e d i t o r i a l s .........................7°
HOW TO PLAN THE M A K E -U P .................................. 73
1.
THE DUMMY:
How to make a rough d ra .ft
2.
PROOF READING:
. . . .
How t o p r o o f - c o r r e c t th e p a p er
73 73
v ii CHAPTER 3.
PAGE FRONT PAGE:
How t o a r r a n g e s t o r i e s i n
colum ns and p ag es k-. 16.
ADVERTISEMENTS!
PEN AM? INK: 1.
PLANNING:
2.
THE STAFF:
.
............................................................ 7^
How t o a r r a n g e t h e “a d s . "
. . .
7^
HOW TO PUBLISH YOUR SCHOOL PAPER . . .
77
How t o make p l a n s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n . . 77 How t o e q u a l i z e t h e w ork . . . . . . PART V.
77
STUDY HABITS
HOW TO DO YOUR COURSE WORK 17.
Q.UIET, PLEASE: 1.
HOW TO STUDY....................................................... S2
ATMOSPHERE:
How t o s e l e c t a p l a c e and tim e
f o r s t u d y i n g ................................................................................... S2
IS .
2.
PROCEDURE:
3.
ORGANIZATION:
LOOK IT UP:
How t o b e g i n y o u r s t u d y i n g ...................... S2 How t o r e l a t e i d e a s ................................S3
HOW TO USE A DICTIONARY.................................... S5
1.
FINDING THE WORD:
How t o l o c a t e a word
2.
CHOOSING THE DEFINITION:
. . . . S5
How t o s e l e c t t h e
d e f i n i t i o n t h a t f i t s t h e s e n t e n c e ............................... S5 3.
LOCATING SPECIAL INFORMATION:
How t o f i n d
s p e c i a l d a t a ....................................................................................S6 19.
BROWSING: 1.
HOW TO USE THE L I B R A R Y ......................................... S9
DEPORTMENT: sc h o o lm a te s
How t o be c o u r t e o u s t o y o u r ...............................................................................S9
v iii CHAPTER 2*
PAGE CARD CATALOGUE: c a ta lo g u e
3»
How t o l o c a t e Looks i n c a r d
. - ................................................................................... S9
CALL NUMBERS:
How t o l o c a t e Looks On th e
s h e l v e s ............................................................................................. &9 GENERAL INFORMATION: 5. 20.
REFERENCE:
. . .
90
How t o f i n d r e f e r e n c e s ................................ 90
PAPER ASSIGNMENTS: 1.
How t o u s e t h e Look
THE OUTLINE:
HOW TO DO YOUR WRITTEN WORK
. . 9^
How t o make t h e o u t l i n e f o r
w r i t t e n w o r k ....................................................................................9^ 2.
THE PARAGRAPH:
3.
THE COMPOSITION:
How t o d e v e lo p t h e p a r a g r a p h . . 95 How t o w r ite a theme . . . . .
95
ix PREFACE TO TEACHERS The E n g l i s h t e a c h e r i s f a c e d w ith t h e p ro b le m o f a d j u s t i n g t h e t e a c h i n g o f co m m u n ic atio n t o t h e d a y - b y - d a y e x p e r i en c es of th e s tu d e n t.
Boys an d g i r l s n e e d t o know how to
e x p r e s s th e m s e l v e s i n a way t h a t w i l l b e m ost a d v a n ta g e o u s t o t h e i r w e l f a r e an d t o t h e w e l f a r e o f o t h e r s .
They ca n be
h e l p e d t o r e a l i z e t h a t t o com m unicate e f f e c t i v e l y t h e y must s t r i v e t o a n t i c i p a t e t h e r e a c t i o n o f t h o s e w i t h whom t h e y c o m m u n ic a te . S in c e co m m u n ic a tio n i s c a r r i e d on f o r t h e p u r p o s e of g e t t i n g s o m e th in g b a c k , and t h e ty p e o f r e s p o n s e u s u a l l y d e p e n d s on t h e s p i r i t and to n e o f t h e o r i g i n a l m essag e, th e E n g l i s h c l a s s m ust s e r v e a s a w orkshop w here e f f e c t i v e com m u n i c a t i o n c a n b e d e v e lo p e d . tiv e ,
To make t h i s p l a n more e f f e c
e v e r y c l a s s s h o u ld be a p r a c t i c e p e r i o d , e v e r y s o c i a l
s it u a ti o n a la b o ra to ry p e rio d .
The a c t i v i t i e s must be th o s e
w h ich a p p l y t o t h e s t u d e n t ' s im m ed ia te la n g u a g e e x p e r i e n c e s , i n t h e home a n d a t s c h o o l ; s u c h a s , e n g a g in g i n c o n v e r s a t i o n , p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n i n t e r v i e w s and d i s c u s s i o n s , w r i t t e n l e t t e r s , w r i t i n g f o r t h e s c h o o l p a p e r an d m aking r e p o r t s .
By s t u d y
i n g la n g u a g e i n t h i s m anner, t h e s t u d e n t w i l l l e a r n t o do by d o in g . I t h as b e e n p o i n t e d o u t by l e a d i n g e d u c a t o r s t h a t a s b o y s and g i r l s im prove t h e i r s k i l l t o com m unicate, t h e y must
n e c e s s a r i l y grow i n t h e i r s p h e r e t o u n d e r s t a n d p e o p l e b e t t e r a n d a c c o r d i n g l y im pro ve human r e l a t i o n s .
F in a lly , th e ir
a b i l i t y t o com m unicate e f f e c t i v e l y , w i l l d e t e r m in e t h e i r p o s itio n in so c ie ty . T h is c o u r s e i s d e s i g n e d t o f u n c t i o n a l i z e t h e o r a l and w r i t t e n work f o r t h e s t u d e n t s i n E n g l i s h .
I t i s b a s e d on
t h e p r e m is e t h a t t h e s t u d e n t w i l l l e a r n t o e x p r e s s h i m s e l f e f f e c t i v e l y , i f he e x p e r i e n c e s a f e l t n e e d f o r t h e s e ex p re ssio n s.
xi
PREFACE TO STUDENTS ''How s h o u ld I s a y i t ? "
How many ti m e s h av e you b e e n
c o n fro n te d w ith t h i s u n p le a s a n t ex p e rien ce ?
E v ery boy and
g i r l h a s one n ee d i n common, t o e x p r e s s h i m s e l f i n t h e c l e a r e s t way p o s s i b l e .
Knowing how t o s a y t h e r i g h t t h i n g
a t t h e r i g h t tim e i s one o f t h e s e c r e t s o f s u c c e s s . Have you e v e r wond.ered why some s t u d e n t s a r e p o p u l a r w h i l e you seem t o b e a l o n e m ost o f t h e tim e on t h e campus? Do y o u g e t Jobs an d h o l d them?
ifhen you r e a l i z e t h a t th e
way you sa y so m e th in g d e t e r m i n e s t h e ty p e o f r e s p o n s e , you w i l l t h e n t r y h a r d e r to im pro ve y o u r s p e e c h .
T h is a p p l i e s
t o n o t o n l y t h e sp o k e n w ords b u t t h e w r i t t e n w ords a l s o . "Charm" s c h o o l s a r e b e i n g e s t a b l i s h e d i n some s e c t i o n s o f t h e c o u n t r y f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f t e a c h i n g co m m u n ic atio n t e c h n i q u e s t h a t w i l l p ro m o te good w i l l , an d t o d e v e l o p th e a r t o f co m m u n ic atin g i n p a r t i c u l a r s i t u a t i o n s . i s y o u r "charm" s c h o o l .
T h is c o u r s e
I t i s c e n t e r e d a ro u n d y o u r d a i l y
a c t i v i t i e s i n s p e a k in g and w r i t i n g .
E ac h a c t i v i t y has grown
o u t o f a r e a l l i f e p ro b le m , w h ich w i l l a i d i n m e e tin g y o u r n e e d s , w a n ts , and i n t e r e s t s . E v eryo n e w an ts t o b e th o u g h t w e l l o f b y f r i e n d s and a s s o c i a t e s an d m ost boys an d g i r l s c r a v e p o p u l a r i t y .
One
o f t h e b e s t ways t o win and h o ld f r i e n d s i s t o l e a r n t o ex p re s s y o u rse lf e f f e c tiv e ly .
In co n n e c tio n w ith s o c i a l
x li e s t e e m , h a p p i n e s s ; and p e a c e of mind, s k i l l i n e x p r e s s i o n w i l l h e l p s o l v e t h e p r o b le m o f g e t t i n g and h o l d i n g j o b s . you l i k e to p o s s e s s th e s e q u a litie s '?
Would
The s p e c i a l to u c h t h i s
c o u r s e w i l l g i v e y o u r p e r s o n a l i t y w i l l do t h e t r i c k .
1
PART I .
SAYING WHAT YOU MEAN HOW TO CONVERSE
A re you c o m f o r t a b l e when c o n v e r s a t i o n demands t h a t you t h in k in o rd e r to share in i t ? tio n ro llin g ,
Can you k ee p t h e c o n v e r s a
e v e n th o u g h some i n t h e g ro u p a r e t i m i d ?
y o u know how t o i n t r o d u c e y o u r s e l f an d o t h e r s ? t a k e l e a v e a f t e r you h a v e c h a t t e d ?
Can you
Have you e x p e r i e n c e d a n
u n p le a s a n t o r u n s u c c e s s fu l in te rv ie w ? fa c e to fa c e w ith frie n d s ?
Do
Do you a lw a y s t a l k
A re t h e r e n o t tim e s when i t b e
comes n e c e s s a r y t o c a r r y on t e l e p h o n e c o n v e r s a t i o n s ? T hese a r e o n l y a few o f y o u r c o n v e r s i n g p ro b le m s t h a t t h i s c o u r s e w i l l h e l p you s o l v e .
CHAPTER 1 .
BEST FOOT FORWARD
HOW TO ADAPT YOUR CONVERSATION TO PARTICULAR OCCASIONS A*
MOTIVATION:
Rewards t o be g a i n e d fro m s k i l l f u l l y a d a p t
in g th e c o n v e rs a tio n t o d i f f e r e n t o c c a s io n s . 1.
POISE:
You. w i l l s a v e y o u r s e l f o f e m b a r r a s s m e n ts .
2 . ' POPULARITY: 3.
You w i l l be a d m ire d b y more p e o p l e .
MORE FUN AT PARTIES:
Y ou
w i l l be t h e l i f e
o f th e
p a rty . B.
DIRECTIONS:
Some h i n t s on a d a p t i n g t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n t o
th e o o o a sio n . 1.
GATHERING- INFORMATION:
How t o become a good c o n v e r
sa tio n a list. a.
Read good b o o k s , m a g a z in e s , an d n e w s p a p e r s . (Y our c o n v e r s a t i o n a l r e s o u r c e s w i l l b e e n l a r g e d . )
2.
b.
L is te n to th e r a d io .
c.
F in d a h o b b y .
d.
A s s o c i a t e w ith good c o n v e r s a t i o n a l i s t s .
e.
A n a ly z e t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n s you h e a r .
CHATTERING WITH SUPERIORS:
How t o c o n v e r s e w ith
p a r e n ts and e l d e r l y p e o p le . a.
T a lk a b o u t s o m e th in g o f I n t e r e s t t o th em .
(Om it
m a lic io u s g o s s ip .) b.
A v o id d i r e c t c o n t r a d i c t i o n .
Say, MI am s o r r y ,
b u t I th in k th e id e a i s t h i s . N
c.
Do n o t u s e s l a n g e x p r e s s i o n s , s u c h a s / s w e l l , O .K ., n o t s o h o t , g u y .
(S a v e t h a t f o r y o u r
young f r i e n d s . ) EXCHANGING IDEAS!
How t o draw o t h e r s i n t o t h e con
v e rsa tio n . a.
Ask a q u e s t i o n t h a t c a n n o t he an sw e re d hy 11yes'* o r " n o ."
b.
I n t r o d u c e t o p i c s u n t i l you f i n d h i s i n t e r e s t .
c.
Be t a c t f u l .
d.
Assume y o u r s h a r e o f t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n .
MEETING STRANGERS! a.
How t o t a l k w i t h s t r a n g e r s .
In tro d u c e y o u r s e lf to a s tr a n g e r . Jo h n J o n e s . "
S ay, " I am
A vo id t h e tim e w o rn e x p r e s s i o n ,
"Y our f a c e i s f a m i l i a r .
H a v e n 't I s e e n y o u b e
fo re?" b.
F i s h a ro u n d f o r a t o p i c .
(E v e ry o n e i s i n t e r
e s t e d i n h i m s e l f , h i s s c h o o l w ork, h i s j o b , h i s h obby, h i s f r i e n d s and r e l a t i v e s ,
o r h i s am bi
tio n .) PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS I
How t o c a r r y y o u r s h a r e o f
th e c o n v e rs a tio n . a.
L i s t e n a t t e n t i v e l y t o w hat o t h e r s have t o s a y .
b.
G ive o t h e r s a c h a n c e t o t a l k .
c.
Try t o e x p r e s s i d e a s o r v ie w s i n a new l i g h t .
d.
D e v e lo p s u g g e s t i o n s g iv e n b y o t h e r s .
6.
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
T r e s s l e r , J . C .:
E n g lish in A c tio n .
D. C. H e a th
an d Company, B o s to n , 1950, p p . 2 3 - 2 ^ . h. C.
R a d io p r o g ra m s .
ACTIVITIES:
E x e rc ise s th a t
w i l l h e l p you become a good
c o n v e rs a tio n a list. 1.
DRAMATIZATION:
D ra m a tiz e i n c l a s s a c o n v e r s a t i o n
w i t h one o f t h e f o l l o w i n g :
2.
a.
A c l a s s m a t e on t h e cam pus,
t.
A s tra n g e r a t a p a rty .
c.
Your p a r e n t s a t t h e d i n n e r t a b l e .
d.
A g i r l f r i e n d an d a boy f r i e n d .
DISCUSSION:
D i s c u s s i n f o r m a l l y a book t h a t you have
read . D.
EVALUATION:
H e r e t s how you may c h e c k y o u r m a s te r y o f
c o n v e rsa tio n te c h n iq u e s. 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e
or fa lse .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P la c e th e
number o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r i n
th e p a r e n th e s e s . a.
( ) To become a good c o n v e r s a t i o n a l i s t you s h o u ld : (1 ) S t e e r t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n t o y o u r t o p i c . Ask q u e s t i o n s .
(2)
( 3 ) Show g r e a t i n t e r e s t i n t h e
o th e r f e l l o w .
(M-) Show i n t e r e s t in th e t o p ic
o f th e c o n v e r s a t io n , b.
( ) When c o n v e r s in g w ith a group you sh o u ld : T alk ab out y o u r s e l f .
(1)
(2 ) G o ssip a b o u t o t h e r s .
(3 ) D is c u s s th e w ea th e r.
(4-) Adapt you r con
v e r s a t io n t o th e i n t e r e s t o f th e g rou p . EATING SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w hich
you q u a l i f y . a.
Spoke d i s t i n c t l y and p l e a s i n g l y .
b.
U sed no s l a n g when c o n v e r s i n g w i t h e l d e r s .
c.
A v o id ed m o n o p o liz in g t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n .
d.
A v o id ed g o s s i p i n g w i t h c l a s s m a t e s .
e
.
A v o id ed o v erw o rk e d e x p r e s s i o n s .
f.
L iste n e d a t t e n t i v e l y .
g-
A nsw ered q u e s t i o n s w ith s t a t e m e n t s .
b.
A v o id ed q u e s t i o n s on p r i v a t e o r p e r s o n a l mat te rs .
i.
Looked a t e a c h p e r s o n i n th e g r o u p .
J•
A v o id ed r a i s i n g t h e v o i c e .
(
T o ta l.
CHAPTER 2 .
HEMMING- AND HAWING
HOW TO AVOID EMBARRASSING- LULLS A.
MOTIVATION;
Rew ards t h a t may come fro m t a c t f u l l y k e e p
in g t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n r o l l i n g . 1.
MORE FUN:
S p a r k l i n g c o n v e r s a t i o n w i l l make you t h e
l i f e of th e p a rty . 2.
SELF-CONFIDENCE;
An a d e q u a t e command o f w ords w i l l
p u t you a t e a s e . 3.
ADMISSION TO SELECT GROUPS:
C lu b s p r e f e r p e o p l e who
can t a l k w e ll. B.
DIRECTIONS:
S u g g e s t i o n s on how t o k e e p t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n
fro m l a g g i n g . 1.
2.
INTRODUCING NEW TOPICS:
How t o ch ang e s u b j e c t s .
a.
L i s t e n and t h e n s p e a k i n t u r n .
b.
F o llo w w hat t h e o t h e r s a r e s a y i n g .
c.
Change t h e t o p i c when l i s t e n e r s a p p e a r b o r e d .
d.
Be t a c t f u l .
e.
T e l l an a p p r o p r i a t e J o k e .
Do n o t change t o p i c s a b r u p t l y .
DEMANDING ATTENTION: a.
How t o i n t e r e s t o t h e r s .
A void m aking s t a t e m e n t s t h a t w i l l make o t h e r s u n c o ra fo rta b le .
b.
S u p p ly i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t i s r e l i a b l e an d v a l u a b l e .
c.
Do n o t t a l k a b o u t y o u r p e r s o n a l a f f a i r s .
d.
T a lk w ith a t o n e o f s i n c e r i t y .
3-
DRAWING OUT THE TIMID:
How t o make t i m i d p e o p l e con
t r i b u t o r s to th e c o n v e rs a tio n . a.
P u t them t o e a s e by m aking good l e a d s . t h a t new r e c i p e w ork o u t , Mary?" P e te I
"Snap i n t o i t ,
We w ant t o h e a r fro m y o u . " )
b.
L i s t e n t o them and r e l a t e y o u r rem a rk s t o t h e i r s .
c.
Be t o l e r a n t an d c o n s i d e r a t e o f t h e i r o p i n i o n s .
d.
D ir e c t your a t t e n t i o n to each perso n in th e group.
4-.
("How d i d
(T h a t g i v e s e a c h a f e e l i n g of b e l o n g i n g . )
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
B a r d w e l l , R.
W .:
E x p re ssin g Id e a s .
D. C. H eath
an d Company, B o s to n , 1 9^0, p p . 1 1 9 -1 2 0 . b.
Chapman, L. H .:
U s in g E n g l i s h .
H a r c o u r t , B ra c e
and Company, 19 29 , PP» J l-7 3 * c.
T r e s s l e r , J . C .:
E n g lish i n A c tio n .
D. C. H e a th
an d Company,. B o s to n , 1 9 5 °, PP* 251-263* d.
M aking S en se
w ith S e n te n c e s .
(A good f i l m p o r
tr a y in g an i d e a l c lassro o m le a r n in g s i t u a t i o n t h a t d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e n e e d f o r u s i n g c o m p le te s e n te n c e s .) C.
ACTIVITIES:
P r o j e c t s t h a t w i l l h e l p you m a s t e r t h e a r t
of k e e p i n g t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n fro m l a g g i n g . 1.
TALKING:
C on v erse f o r f i f t e e n m in u t e s i n s m a l l
g ro u p s o n b o o k s, m o v ie s , and t r a v e l .
In c lu d e a l l
of th e s e to p ic s . 2.
DRAMATIZATION:
Show b y a c t i n g w i t h o t h e r c l a s s m a t e s
t h e way you would draw o u t t h e f o l l o w i n g t i m i d p e r sons . a.
A g i r l s i t t i n g on y o u r l e f t t o whom you have b ee n i n t r o d u c e d .
b.
A boy s i t t i n g on y o u r r i g h t , whom you know o n ly by name.
c.
A g ro u p e a t i n g l u n c h t o g e t h e r .
One member, a
f r i e n d o f y o u r s , i s new and h a s l i t t l e d.
Y our l i t t l e
to say.
c o u s i n who i s v i s i t i n g you f i n d s h e r
s e l f s i t t i n g s i l e n t l y w h ile y o u r f r i e n d s d i s c u s s a ,,m a th '1 t e s t t h e y t o o k y e s t e r d a y .
She knows
n o t h i n g a b o u t t h i s t e s t and c a n n o t f i n d much t o say. D.
EVALUATION:
Some c h e c k - u p s w hich may be a p p l i e d t o y o u r
a b i l i t y to e lim in a te c o n v e rsa tio n l u l l s . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X i n th e c o r r e c t sp ace f o r tr u e
or f a l s e . T a.
F
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld n e v e r t e l l J o k e s when c o n v e r s i n g w ith f r i e n d s .
b.
( )(
) You s h o u ld a lw a y s c a r r y y o u r p o i n t t o th e end.
9 T
P
o. ( )(
) You sh o u ld a sk q u e s tio n s when t a lk in g w ith stra n g er s.
d . ( )(
) You sh o u ld show i n t e r e s t in th e o th e r p er s o n ’ s c o n v e r s a t io n .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P la c e th e number o f th e c o r r e c t answ er
in th e p a r e n t h e s e s .
RATING- SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n ea c h s p a c e f o r w hich
you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) A d d ressed c o n v e r s a tio n to e a c h p e rso n in group. b . ( ) Made w o r th w h ile c o n t r i b u t i o n t o c o n v e r s a t i o n , e.
( ) In tro d u c e d i n t e r e s t i n g to p ic s .
d . ( ) G-ave o t h e r s a c h a n ce t o t a l k . e . ( ) L iste n e d a t t e n t i v e l y . f.
( ) N ever I n te r r u p t e d o r c o n tr a d ic te d .
g . ( ) I n c l u d e d e v e ry o n e i n c o n v e r s a t i o n . h . ( ) Made a c t i o n s h e l p i n t e r p r e t t h o u g h t s . i. (
( ) U sed c o r r e c t E n g l i s h . ) T o ta l.
10 CHAPTER 3 .
HELLO AND GOODBYE
HOW TO MEET AMD TAKE LEAVE OF PEOPLE A.
MOTIVATION:
Rewards t h a t may be g a i n e d from s k i l l f u l
g r e e t in g and d e p a r t i n g .
B.
1.
SOCIAL PRESTIGE:
You w i l l Know more p e o p l e .
2.
GOOD IMPRESSION:
P e o p l e w i l l rem em ber you l o n g e r .
3.
POPULARITY:
DIRECTIONS:
You w i l l be a c c e p t e d b y g r o u p s .
S u g g e s t i o n s on how t o g r e e t f r i e n d s and
d ism iss y o u r s e l f . 1.
GETTING ACQUAINTED: a.
How t o i n t r o d u c e y o u r s e l f ,
Use i n f o r m a l l a n g u a g e . (l)
11May I p r e s e n t m y s e lf? " "P le a se d o ,'1
A f t e r a nod o r
" I am Mary C a x to n ."
Add
b r i e f l y w h a te v e r d e t a i l s m ig h t g iv e t h e tw o o f you s o m e th in g i n common. . b. c.
S p eak d i s t i n c t l y an d c l e a r l y . L iste n c a r e f u lly .
(Do n o t f o r g e t t h e p a r t y ' s
nam e. ) d. 2.
L e t t h e b o d i l y movements h e l p make m ean ing c l e a r .
CONDUCT: a.
How t o d e p o r t y o u r s e l f .
R i s e f o r i n t r o d u c t i o n i f you a r e a g e n tle m a n , y o u n g ste r, or I n f e r i o r .
b.
I n t r o d u c e men t o women, y o u n g e r p e r s o n s t o o l d e r , u n m a r r i e d g i r l s t o women.
c.
S peak t h e name d i s t i n c t l y .
d.
Add t o t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n r e m a rk s t h a t w i l l h e l p s t a r t a c o n v e rsa tio n .
e.
A void m aking d o u b le i n t r o d u c t i o n s .
f.
C a l l f r i e n d s b y nam e. (1 )
P u t them a t e a s e .
“A l i c e , I s h o u ld l i k e t o h ave you know J a n e . “H e llo , J a n e . “ " H e llo , A l i c e . '1
(2 )
"Mary, may I i n t r o d u c e Bob?" " H e l l o , B ob." " H e l l o , M ary ."
g.
Use f o r m a l t i t l e s when i n t r o d u c i n g
p e o p leth e
same a g e . (1)
"M iss J o n e s ,
may I i n t r o d u c e M iss Gay?"
"How do you do?" "How do you do?" h.
Use f o r m a l la n g u a g e when i n t r o d u c i n g a y o u n g e r p e rso n to an o ld e r p e rs o n . (1 )
"M rs. F lo y d , may I i n t r o d u c e M iss J o n e s ? " " I am d e l i g h t e d t o m eet you, M i s s J o n e s . " "Thank y o u ."
GOODBYE!
How t o t a k e l e a v e o f a g r o u p .
a.
A v oid u n n e c e s s a r y e x p l a n a t i o n .
b.
Say "Goodbye" t o e a c h p e r s o n i n a s m a l l g r o u p .
12 o.
Say “Goodbye" t o th e group a s a w h ole, i f i t i s la r g e .
d.
T e l l h o s t e s s how much you e n jo y ed th e p a r ty and thank h e r . (1 )
"I e n jo y ed th e p a r t y .
Thank you f o r i n v i t
in g me." e.
Say "Goodbye" t o th e chaperon and thank h e r . (1 )
"Good a fte r n o o n , Mrs. W illia m s .
Thank you
f o r h e lp in g t o make our p a r ty a s u c c e s s ." SOURGES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t fu r th e r
a s s is ta n c e . a.
Charm and P e r s o n a l i t y .
(A good f ilm on p e r s o n a l
i t y d e v e lo p m e n t.) b.
Goodard, M .:
Am erican E n g lis h .
J . B. L ip p e n c o tt
and Company, C h icago, 1939, p p . 1 -1 1 . c.
T r e s s le r , J . C . :
E n g lis h in A c t io n .
D. C. Heath
and Company, B o sto n , 195°* PP* 32-33* C.
A C T IV IT IE S:' Some p r a c t i c e s t h a t w i l l a i d you i n m e e tin g an d t a k i n g l e a v e o f p e o p l e . 1.
DRAMATIZATION:
Form groups and p r a c t ic e making th e
f o llo w in g in t r o d u c t io n s . a.
Y o u r s e lf to you r t e a c h e r .
b.
A boy t o a b o y .
c.
A g ir l to a g ir l.
d.
A boy t o a g i r l .
e. 2.
A f r ie n d to th e h o s te s s .
WHITTEN WORK:
W r ite a n a p p r o p r i a t e e x i t l i n e f o r
each o f th e fo llo w in g . a.
Take l e a v e of a g ro u p fro m a p a r t y t h a t y o u le a v e e a rly .
h.
Take le a v e fro m t h e t a b l e b e f o r e th e o t h e r s h ave fin ish e d .
c.
Take le a v e o f a t e a c h e r who h a s h e l p e d you w i t h some w o rk.
d.
Take le a v e o f y o u r c h a p e r o n who e s c o r t e d you on a p ic n ic .
P.
EVALUATION:
Some c h e c k - u p s w hich m ig h t be a p p l i e d t o
y o u r m e e ti n g a n d t a k i n g l e a v e o f p e o p l e . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a c e f o r t r u e
or fa lse . T a.
( )(
F ) I f you a r e a g e n t le m a n , you s h o u ld r i s e when b e i n g i n t r o d u c e d .
b.
( )(
) I f you a r e an o l d e r p e r s o n , you s h o u l d r i s e when b e i n g i n t r o d u c e d t o a y o u n g s t e r .
c.
( )(
) You s h o u ld i n t r o d u c e u n m a rr ie d p e r s o n s t o women.
d.
( )(
) You s h o u ld i n t r o d u c e y o u n g e r p e r s o n s t o o ld e r.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e number of t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r
in th e p a re n th e s e s . a.
( ) You s h o u ld u s e f o r m a l la n g u a g e : t r o d u c i n g a hoy t o a g i r l . i n t r o d u c t i o n s on t h e cam pus.
(1) When i n
(2 ) When making (3 ) When i n t r o
d u c i n g a y o u n g e r p e r s o n t o an o l d e r .
(4)
When i n t r o d u c i n g p e o p l e o f t h e same a g e . RATING- SCALE: you q u a l i f y .
P l a c e an X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w hich
15 CHAPTER k .
JOB SEEKING
HOW TO PARTICIPATE IN INTERVIEWS A.
MOTIVATION:
Rew ards t h a t may be g a i n e d fro m l e a r n i n g
th e
a r t of m aking I n t e r v i e w s *
1.
A JOB:
C o r r e c t E n g l i s h w i l l h e l p you p a s s
th e i n
te rv ie w . 2.
PROMOTION ON THE JOB:
You w i l l b e a b l e t o c o n v in c e
t h e b o s s o f y o u r w o r th . 3* B.
INFORMATION:
DIRECTIONS:
You w i l l f i n d o u t t h e v ie w s of o t h e r s .
Some g u i d i n g p r i n c i p l e s and t e c h n i q u e s f o r
m aking i n t e r v i e w s . 1.
THE APPOINTMENT: a.
How t o g e t t h e i n t e r v i e w .
A p p e a r i n p e r s o n , w r i t e a- l e t t e r , o r te le p h o n e f o r a n a p p o i n tm e n t.
2.
b.
L e t t h e p e r s o n t o be i n t e r v i e w e d name t h e h o u r .
c.
Be on t i m e .
d.
Ask r a t h e r t h a n demand.
T h e re may b e o t h e r e n g a g e m e n ts.
APPEARANCE: How t o l o o k . a.
D r e s s n e a t l y an d i n c l e a n
b.
Have h a i r combed an d a r r a n g e d n e a t l y .
c.
Have s h o e s p o l i s h e d .
d.
Have c l e a n body an d t e e t h a n d w e l l g e rn a ils .
c lo th e s.
trim m ed f i n
DEPORTMENT: a.
How t o c o n d u c t y o u r s e l f .
A void r u s h i n g i n .
(Y our f i r s t i m p r e s s i o n w i l l
he l a s t i n g . ) b.
Knock q u i e t l y b e f o r e e n t e r i n g .
c.
Remain s t a n d i n g u n t i l you a r e i n v i t e d t o be se a te d .
d.
P o l i t e l y in tro d u c e y o u r s e lf .
e.
Ask y o u r q u e s t i o n s t a c t f u l l y .
f.
Have a m e n ta l p i c t u r e o f t h e t o p i c s on w h ich you w is h i n f o r m a t i o n .
g.
Use c o r r e c t E n g l i s h a t a l l t i m e s .
(A void t h e
use of s la n g .) h.
E x p ress your w illin g n e s s t o c o - o p e r a te .
i.
Do n o t p r o lo n g t h e i n t e r v i e w .
(L eav e im m e d ia te
ly .) j.
E g r e s s your a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r th e h e lp g iv e n b efo re le a v in g .
( S a y , "Thank y o u,
f o r th e in fo rm a tio n ."
you
Mr. R o b in s o n ,
I f request is refu sed ,
"T hank you f o r c o n s i d e r i n g my r e q u e s t . " ) SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
Chapman, L. H .:
U s in g E n g l i s h .
H a r c o u r t , B race
and Company, New Y ork, 1929, PP- 2 4 4 -2 ^ 7 • b.
T r e s s l e r , J . C .:
E n g lish in A c tio n .
D. C. H e a th
and Company, B o s to n , 1 9 5 °, PP* 19&-199*
17 C.
ACTIVITIES.*
E x e r c i s e s t h a t w i l l h e l p you m a s t e r t h e
t e c h n i q u e s o f m aking i n t e r v i e w s . 1.
DRAMATIZATIONS*
Choose a p a r t n e r an d a c t o u t one o f
th e fo llo w in g in te rv ie w s . a.
A p p ly f o r an a f t e r s c h o o l o r S a tu r d a y J o b .
b.
Ask y o u r p r i n c i p a l t o make a change i n y o u r p r o g ram .
e.
G et p e r m i s s i o n fro m t h e p r i n c i p a l t o u s e t h e gymnasium f o r a s c h o o l p a r t y ,
d.
Ask y o u r t e a c h e r ' s a d v i c e on a means o f im p ro v in g y o u r s c h o o l w ork.
2.
PERSONAL CONTACTS:
I n t e r v i e w one o f t h e f o l l o w i n g
p e r s o n s an d make a r e p o r t t o y o u r c l a s s . a.
F in d o u t from t h e l i b r a r i a n "How t o l o c a t e a book i n t h e l i b r a r y . "
b.
Get i n f o r m a t i o n fro m t h e t r a f f i c o f f i c e r f o r t h e s a f e t y c l u b on t r a f f i c r u l e s an d s a f e t y f o r school c h ild re n .
c.
I n te r v ie w th e coach co n c e rn in g th e u se of th e gymnasium f o r a " N ig h t o f F u n ."
d.
R eq u est p e rm is s io n to u se th e sc h o o l p r o j e c t o r to show s l i d e s a t a Y-Teen o r H i-Y m e e t i n g .
WRITTEN WORK:
W r ite o u t i n c l a s s f i v e ways i n w h ich
a p e r s o n m ig h t b e g i n t h e i n t e r v i e w i f he h a d made no ap p o in tm e n t.
13 D.
EVALUATION:
Sam ples o f e v a l u a t i o n I te m s w hich may be
e m p lo y e d i n
1*
c h e c k in g y o u r a b i l i t y
TRUE-FALSE:
to
make i n t e r v i e w s .
P la c e an X In th e c o r r e c t space f o r
tru e o r f a ls e . T
F
a . ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d n e v e r make a n a p p o in tm e n t "by te le p h o n e . b . ( )(
) You s h o u ld s p e a k w i t h a w e l l m o d u la te d v o ic e .
c . ( )(
) You s h o u ld t a k e n o t e s w h ile b e i n g i n t e r v ie w e d .
d . ( )( ) You s h o u ld l e t t h e i n t e r v i e w e r s e t t h e tim e . e . ( )(
) You s h o u ld n e v e r n o t i f y t h e i n t e r v i e w e r when t o e x p e c t y ou .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r i n
th e p a re n th e se s. a . ( ) When m aking a n a p p o in tm e n t f o r an i n t e r v i e w you s h o u ld : tim e .
(1) L e t t h e i n t e r v i e w e r s e t th e
(2) N o t i f y t h e i n t e r v i e w e r t h e tim e t o
e x p e c t you.
(3 ) A rra n g e t h e i n t e r v i e w f o r
y o u r c o n v e n ie n c e . 3-
RATING SCALE:
P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich
you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) In tro d u c e d y o u r s e lf sim p ly .
S ta te d purpose of your c a l l c l e a r l y . Made y o u r q u e s t i o n s s p e c i f i c . Y our t h o u g h t s w ere w e l l o r g a n i z e d . Your p e r s o n a l a p p e a r a n c e was g oo d . Your p o s t u r e was g o o d . Y our b o d i l y movements h e l p e d t o make q u e s t i o n s a n d a n s w e rs c l e a r . Your i n t e r v i e w was s h o r t a n d c o n c i s e . Y our v o ic e was w e l l m o d u la te d . A r r i v e d p r o m p tly and l e f t I m m e d ia te ly . Thanked p e r s o n c o u r t e o u s l y b e f o r e l e a v i n g . T o ta l.
20 CHAPTER 5*
NICKEL, PLEASE
HOW TO TALK ON THE TELEPHONE A.
MOTIVATION:
Rewarda t o b e g a i n e d fro m b e i n g a b l e t o
com m unicate s k i l l f u l l y b y t e l e p h o n e . 1.
ECONOMY OF TIME!
2.
BETTER JOBS:
You c a n s e n a a q u i c k m e s s a g e .
You w i l l be a b l e t o t a k e m e s s a g e s f o r
th e b o s s . 3*
MORE CONTACT:
You c a n k e e p i n to u c h w i t h r e l a t i v e s
ana f r le n a s . B.
DIRECTIONS:
Some h e l p f u l s u g g e s t i o n s i n t h e a r t o f com-
m u n ic a t lo n b y t e l e p h o n e . 1.
2.
GETTING CONNECTED:
How t o u s e t h e t e l e p h o n e .
a.
Don’ t p l a c e l i p s a g a i n s t t r a n s m i t t e r .
b.
S peak a i r e c t l y i n t o t h e m o u th p ie c e .
c.
Use a n a t u r a l t o n e o f v o i c e ,
a.
Be c o u r t e o u s t o c e n t r a l .
e.
Be p a t i e n t a n a w a i t u n t i l you a r e c o n n e c t e a .
f.
D o n 't y e l l o r s h o u t ,
g.
Keep l i s t o f t e l e p h o n e num bers f r e q u e n t l y c a l l e a .
RECEIVING THE CALL:
(sp eak q u ie tly .)
How t o a n s w e r t h e t e l e p h o n e .
a.
Turn t h e r a a i o low b e f o r e g o in g t o t h e t e l e p h o n e .
b.
A nsw er p r o m p tly w i t h a c l e a r v o i c e .
c.
A v o ia t h e " h e l l o " a n a " y e s " h a b i t .
a.
A nsw er by s a y i n g "P em b e rto n H igh S c h o o l. p a l 's O ffic e ."
P rin c i
3«
ON THE PHONE; a.
How t o t a k e t h e m e s s a g e .
Be c o u r t e o u s .
(You w i l l make f r i e n d s f o r t h e
b o s s .) b.
Keep p a d and p e n c i l h a n d y .
c.
R e c o rd m essag e p r o m p t l y .
d.
D e l i v e r m essage p r o m p t l y .
e.
D o n 't c a r r y on l o n g c o n v e r s a t i o n u n l e s s t h e b u s in e ss is im p o rta n t.
f.
A t t h e en d o f t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n s a y goodbye c o u r t e o u s l y an d hang u p c a r e f u l l y .
k-.
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
H a t f i e l d , W. W.:
S e n io r E n g lis h A c t i v i t i e s .
A m e ric a n Book Company, B o s to n , 1932>> PP* 9*5-100, 3 65-370. b.
T r e s s l e r , J . C .:
E n g lish in A c tio n .
D. C. H eath
an d Company, B o s to n , 1950, PP* I 36- I 3S. C. ' ACTIVITIES:
Some e x e r c i s e s t o en h a n ce y o u r s k i l l i n
ta lk in g o v er th e te le p h o n e . 1.
DRAMATIZATION:
B r i n g t o y t e l e p h o n e s t o s c h o o l and
com m unicate w i t h c l a s s m a t e s . 2.
PERSONAL CALLS:
T e le p h o n e y o u r m o th e r from s c h o o l
t o g e t p e r m i s s i o n t o a t t e n d t h e show. 3*
FIELD TRIPS:
T e l e p h o n e ‘t h e m an ag er o f t h e S o u th
w e s t e r n B e l l T e le p h o n e Company a n d g e t p e r m i s s i o n
f o r th e c l a s s to t o u r th e te le p h o n e o f f i c e . 4.
OFFICE PRACTICE: . G et p e r m i s s i o n from t h e r e g i s t r a r t o answ er th e te le p h o n e a t your o f f p e rio d f o r a w eek.
D.
EVALUATION:
Some c h e c k - u p s t o he u s e d f o r t e s t i n g y o u r
a b i l i t y t o u se th e te le p h o n e . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X in th e c o r r e c t space f o r
tru e or f a ls e . T
F
a . ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d n o t v i s i t o v e r t h e t e l e p h o n e . b . ( )(
) You s h o u ld g i v e y o u r name im m e d ia te ly when a n s w e r in g t h e t e l e p h o n e .
c . ( )(
) You s h o u ld p l a c e y o u r mouth a g a i n s t t h e tra n s m itte r.
d . ( )(
) You s h o u ld s p e a k v e r y l o u d l y o v e r t h e t e l e phone.
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r i n
th e p a re n th e s e s .
RATING SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w h ich
you q u a l i f y . a.
( ) A v o id ed g o s s i p i n g .
b.
( ) U sed a w e l l m o d u la te d v o i c e .
c.
() Used c o r r e c t E n g l i s h .
d.
() L i s t e n e d a t t e n t i v e l y and
th o u g h tfu lly .
Made c o n v e r s a t i o n b r i e f . Was c o u r t e o u s when a n s w e r i n g . Thanked p a r t y an d s a i d "Goodbye" c o u r t e o u s l y . Hung u p r e c e i v e r c a r e f u l l y . T o ta l.
PART I I .
SOCIAL AND BUSINESS MESSAGES
HOW TO COMMUNICATE IN WRITING "Oh, how I h a t e t o w r i t e t h i s l e t t e r . "
Have you e v e r
e x p e rie n c e d such d r e a d f u l f e e lin g ?
Do you h a t e t o w r i t e "be
c a u s e you d o n ' t know w hat t o sa y ?
I f you t a l k on t h e l e t t e r
a s you w ould i n an o r d i n a r y c o n v e r s a t i o n , y o u r l e t t e r would b e more i n t e r e s t i n g . ev er,
The l e t t e r w i l l l o s e i t s f l a v o r , how
i f you a r e a c a r e l e s s penman, p o o r g ram m arian an d do
n o t u s e good fo rm i n w r i t i n g . so n a lity .
The l e t t e r r e v e a l s y o u r p e r
I f y o u r ch o ice of s t a t i o n e r y i s p o o r, th e r e c i p i
e n t may c o n c lu d e t h a t y o u r t a s t e o f d r e s s i s p o o r . P u n c t u a l i t y i s one t e s t o f y o u r c h a r a c t e r .
Do y ou r e
member t o s e n d a n s w e r s , w r i t e l e t t e r s o f a p p r e c i a t i o n , sen d t e l e g r a m s , o r g e t y o u r b u s i n e s s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e done c o r r e c t l y a n d on tim e ? G et b u s y a n d s o l v e y o u r l e t t e r w r i t i n g p ro b le m now b y l e a r n i n g how t o w r i t e and how t o c o n v e y i d e a s i n a l e t t e r .
25 CHAPTER 6 .
DEAR JOE
HOW TO WRITE SOCIAL LETTERS A.
MOTIVATION:
Rewards t o b e g a i n e d fro m w r i t i n g good s o
c ia l le tte rs . 1.
CLOSE CONTACT:
You c a n k ee p i n to u c h w i t h
frie n d s
a n d r e l a t i v e s by b e i n g a s k i l l f u l l e t t e r w r i t e r . 2.
SOCIAL RECOGNITION:
You may g e t more d a t e s i f you
a re a th o u g h tfu l w r ite r . 3.
MORE PEN PALS:
You may r e c e i v e more l e t t e r s and
q u i c k e r a n s w e rs f o r e v e r y l e t t e r w r i t t e n . B.
DIRECTIONS: 1.
Some p o i n t e r s on l e t t e r w r i t i n g .
STATIONERY: a.
H ow t o
s e le c t
th e
p a p e r.
Choose e i t h e r n o t e p a p e r o r c l u b p a p e r .
B o th a r e
i n good t a s t e f o r f r i e n d l y l e t t e r s . b.
Choose a p a p e r o f good q u a l i t y .
The q u a l i t y w i l l
add t o t h e a p p e a r a n c e . c.
Choose a l i g h t c o l o r e d p a p e r .
No one w a n ts
r e a d s o m e th in g t h a t i s a s t r a i n on h i s 2.
THE EYE-APPEAL:
H ow
t o g iv e th e l e t t e r an
to
eyes. a ttra c tiv e
appearance. a.
Leave a m a rg in o f a t l e a s t once i n c h on a l l f o u r sid e s.
b.
S p ace t h e p a r t s o f t h e l e t t e r p r o p e r l y . (1 )
P l a c e t h e h e a d in g i n t h e u p p e r r i g h t hand co rn er.
26 (2)
P la c e th e s a l u t a t i o n n e x t to th e le f t- h a n d m a rg in .
(3 )
C e n t e r t h e "body o f t h e l e t t e r on t h e p a g e .
(4>)
W r ite th e c o m p lim e n ta r y c l o s e s l i g h t l y t o th e r ig h t of th e c e n te r of th e l e t t e r .
(5 )
Be n e a t .
A v oid e r a s u r e s a n d i n k b l o t s .
(6 )
Use a d a r k i n k .
THE FORM AND CONTENT:
How t o c h o o s e t h e s t y l e and
th e s u b je c t m a tte r . a.
Choose t h e h e a d i n g a c c o r d i n g t o how w e l l you know t h e p e r s o n t o whom you a r e w r i t i n g . (1 )
The b l o c k fo rm : 1601 S o u th S t r e e t M a r s h a l l , T exas J a n u a r y 2 , 1951
(2 )
The i n d e n t e d fo rm : 1601 S o u th S t r e e t M a r s h a l l , Texas J a n u a ry 2 ,
(3 )
The i n f o r m a l fo rm : J a n u a ry 2 ,
b.
1951
1951
Choose t h e s a l u t a t i o n i n k e e p i n g w ith how w e l l you know t h e p e r s o n t o whom y ou a r e w r i t i n g .
(1)
The i n f o r m a l : D e a r Mary, D e a r M rs. J o n e s ,
(2)
The f o r m a l: My d e a r M rs. S m ith : D e a r M iss J o n e s :
o.
W r ite a b o u t t h e t h i n g s i n w h ic h you a r e b o t h in te re ste d .
d.
W r ite a s i f you a r e t a l k i n g t o th e p e r s o n .
e.
Choose t h e c o m p lim e n ta r y c l o s e i n k e e p in g w ith t h e p e r s o n t o whom you a r e w r i t i n g . (1 )
In fo rm a l: A f f e c tio n a te ly y ours, Y o u rs ,
(2)
F o rm a l: V ery t r u l y y o u r s , S in c e re ly y o u rs,
THE ENVELOPE: a.
How t o a d d r e s s t h e e n v e lo p e .
W r ite y o u r name a n d a d d r e s s on t h e u p p e r l e f t hand c o r n e r o f t h e e n v e l o p e . (1 )
M iss Ada C o l l i n s 213 U n i v e r s i t y Avenue M a r s h a l l , T exas
b.
W r ite t h e a d d r e s s on t h e lo w e r h a l f o f t h e e n v elo p e. '
2g (1 )
M iss E u th C l a r k 1216 A l v i n S t r e e t Oklahoma C i t y , Oklahoma
5.
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
B a r d w e l l , R. W .:
E x p re ssin g I d e a s .
an d Company, B o s to n , h.
G-oddard, M.:
D.
C. H eath
19^0, p p . 1 5 ^ -1 6 6 .
A m erican E n g l i s h .
J . B. L l p p i n -
o o t t and Company, C h ic a g o , 19 39, PP« 200-213* c.
H a t f i e l d , W. W.:
S e n io r E n g lis h A c t i v i t i e s .
A m erican Book Company, B o s to n , 1 93^, p p . 113-133* d.
e.
T r e s s l e r , J . C .:
E n g lish in A c tio n .
D. 0* H e a th
an d Company, B o s to n ,
1 9 5 °, PP* ^ 6 - 6 S .
W r ite S o o n .
show ing t e c h n i q u e s o f h and
(A f i l m
w ritin g .) 0.
ACTIVITIES: 1.
S u g g e s te d p r o j e c t s i n l e t t e r w r i t i n g .
APPLICATION:
W r ite a l e t t e r t o e a c h o f t h e f o l l o w
in g p eo p le: a.
A f r i e n d t e l l i n g him a b o u t y o u r hobby, t h e l a s t movie you a t t e n d e d ,
b.
o r t h e l a s t book you r e a d .
A d i s t a n t r e l a t i v e o r f r i e n d t o whom you owe a le tte r.
c.
A pen p a l .
d.
A b o y o r g i r l i n J a p a n t e l l i n g him a b o u t y o u r sc h o o l.
29 2.
ASSISTANCE TO CLASSMATES:
Check t h e l e t t e r s y o u r
c l a s s m a t e s w ro te and make a p p r o p r i a t e c o r r e c t i o n s . D.
EVALUATION:
S am ples o f ways i n w h ic h y o u r l e t t e r w r itL
i n g s k i l l may he c h e c k e d . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r
tru e o r f a l s e .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r
in th e p a re n th e s e s . a . ( ) A c o r r e c t s a lu ta tio n of a fr ie n d ly l e t t e r w ould b e :
(1) D e a r M ary.
( 3 ) My d e a r M o th e r. 3*
RATING- SCALE:
(2 ) My d e a r M ary.
(4 ) D e a r m o th e r .
P la c e an X in each sp a ce f o r w hich
you q u a l i f y . a . ( ) Chose p a p e r o f good t a s t e and q u a l i t y b . ( ) U sed l e g i b l e p e n m a n s h ip . c . { ) Used c o r r e c t fo rm f o r h e a d i n g . d . ( ) P u n c tu a te d c o r r e c t l y . e . ( ) S p e lle d c o r r e c t l y . f.
( ) U sed c o r r e c t gram m ar.
g . ( ) W rote i n c o n v e r s a t i o n a l t o n e . h . ( ) M in im iz ed t h e u s e o f I . i. (
( ) A v o id ed p o s t s c r i p t s . ) T o ta l.
30 CHAPTER 7*
H. S . V. P .
HOW TO WRITE INVITATIONS A.
MOTIVATION:
Rewards t h a t come from w r i t i n g c o r r e c t so
c i a l n o te a . 1.
MORE GUESTS!
2.
MORE PARTIES:
M o r e .p e o p le w i l l v i s i t y o u . You
w i l l be i n v i t e d t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n
more p a r t i e s . 3.
POPULARITY:
You w i l l g a i n t h e a p p r o v a l o f more p e o
p le . B.
DIRECTIONS!
Key p o i n t s r e g a r d i n g t h e a r t o f w r i t i n g s o
c i a l n o te s. 1.
INFORMAL: a.
How t o w r i t e i n f o r m a l i n v i t a t i o n s .
Be d e f i n i t e a s t o t h e k i n d o f p a r t y , t i m e , and p la c e .
2.
b.
Be c o r d i a l an d f r i e n d l y .
c.
W r ite on p l a i n w h i t e s t a t i o n e r y .
d.
U se b l a c k o r b l u e b l a c k i n k .
FORMAL:
How t o w r i t e f o r m a l i n v i t a t i o n s .
a.
Be c o n c i s e , c l e a r , an d c e r e m o n io u s .
b.
S t a t e d e f i n i t e l y th e k in d o f o c c a s io n , th e d a t e , p l a c e , and tim e .
c. 3.
Use t h e t h i r d p e r s o n p r o n o u n .
REPLYING: a.
How t o a n s w e r t h e i n v i t a t i o n ,
Be p r o m p t, c o u r t e o u s , a n d d e f i n i t e .
31 b.
F o llo w th e g e n e r a l s t y l e o f th e i n v i t a t i o n .
c.
When you a re n o t in t i m a t e ly a c q u a in te d , u se a somewhat fo rm a l t o n e .
d.
I f you can n ot a c c e p t , s t a t e re a so n i n a s im p le , d i r e c t manner.
4.
E x p ress your r e g r e t .
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r in
fo r m a tio n . a.
Chapman, L. H .:
U sin g E n g lis h .
H a rco u rt, Brace
and Company, Hew York, 1 9 2 9 / PP* 6 2 -6 4 . "b.
P o s t , E .:
E m ily P o s t ' s E t i q u e t t e .
Funk and
W agnall, New York, 19 4 7 , p p . 1 1 9 -1 2 5 ACTIVITIES:
P r o j e c t s f o r le a r n in g t o w r ite c o r r e c t s o
c ia l n o te s. 1.
W rite an i n v i t a t i o n t o a f r ie n d a sk in g him t o j o in th e R eading C lub.
2.
W rite an i n v i t a t i o n to your m other a sk in g h er t o a tte n d th e P. T. A. m e e tin g .
3*
W rite an i n v i t a t i o n a s k in g th e p r in c ip a l t o a t e a t h a t i s g iv e n by th e L ibrary* C lub.
4.
W rite a fo rm a l i n v i t a t i o n t o a f r ie n d a s k in g him t o a t te n d your s i s t e r ’ s w ed ding.
5.
W rite a fo rm a l i n v i t a t i o n t o your te a c h e r a s k in g h e r t o a m u sic a l t e a .
6.
S e l e c t someone i n th e c l a s s t o w r ite an i n v i t a t i o n to .
W rite an a c c e p ta n c e and a n o n -a c c e p ta n c e t o th e
I n v ita tio n .
32 D.
EVALUATION:
Sam plea o f e v a l u a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s t h a t may
be u s e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h y o u r w r i t i n g o f s o c i a l n o t e s . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X in th e c o r r e c t space fo r
tru e o r f a l s e . T a.
F
( )(
) You s h o u ld u s e some fo rm f o r b o t h f o r m a l and i n f o r m a l i n v i t a t i o n .
b.
( )(
) You s h o u ld u s e t e l e g r a p h i c s t y l e f o r f o r m al i n v i t a t i o n s .
c.
( )(
) You s h o u ld w r i t e t h e a c c e p t a n c e i n t h e same fo rm o f t h e i n v i t a t i o n .
d . ( ) ( ) To s a v e tim e you s h o u ld t e l e p h o n e y o u r a c c e p ta n c e . 2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r i n
th e p a re n th e s e s .
3,.
RATING- SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ich
you q u a l i f y . a. (
U sed c o r r e c t p u n c t u a t i o n and c a p i t a l i z a t i o n
b. (
S p e lle d c o r r e c t ly .
c. (
Used t e l e g r a p h i c s t y l e .
d. (
Used c o r r e c t grammar.
e.
S t a t e d tim e an d p l a c e .
(
(
) T o ta l.
33 CHAPTER 6 .
THANK YOU
HOW TO WRITE LETTERS OF APPRECIATION A.
MOTIVATION:
Rewards t o toe g a i n e d fro m w r i t i n g I n t e r e s t
in g l e t t e r s o f a p p r e c i a t i o n . 1.
MORE GIFTS:
Y our f r i e n d s w i l l rem em ber you on y o u r
b i r t h d a y s and o t h e r s p e c i a l o c c a s i o n s . 2.
MORE INVITATIONS:
Y our f r i e n d s w i l l e n t e r t a i n you
more f r e q u e n t l y . 3.
HABIT OF THOUGHTFULNESS:
You w i l l w ant t o d e v e lo p
th is frie n d ly h a b it. B.
DIRECTIONS:
Some s u g g e s t i o n s t h a t w i l l h e l p you i n w r i t
in g l e t t e r s of a p p r e c ia tio n . 1.
THANK-YOU NOTES:
How t o w r i t e t h a n k i n g someone f o r
a g i f t o r favor. a.
U se t h e same fo rm t h a t you u s e i n a p e r s o n a l le tte r.
2.
b.
Be s i n c e r e .
c.
A v o id g u s h in g .
d.
W r ite p r o m p t l y . .
e.
S t a t e why t h e g i f t o r f a v o r p l e a s e d y o u .
f.
T e l l how p l e a s e d you a r e w i t h t h e g i f t .
BREAD-AND-BUTTER:
Do n o t w a i t so l o n g .
How t o w r i t e e x p r e s s i n g a p p r e c i a
tio n fo r h o s p ita litie s . a.
I n c l u d e s i n c e r e and g e n i a l e x p r e s s i o n s .
b.
M e n tio n a t t r a c t i v e n e s s o f h o u s e , s u r r o u n d i n g s , o r e n te rta in m e n t.
c.
Give some i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t y o u r t r i p . ,
d.
Be i n f o r m a l .
L e t t h e l e t t e r t a k e a hum orous o r
o r i g i n a l fo rm . e.
I n s i s t on p a y i n g y o u r s h a r e o f t h e money i f an e x p e n d itu re i s in v o lv e d .
3.
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
Chapman, L. H .:
U s in g E n g l i s h .
H a r c o u r t , B ra c e
an d Company, New Y o rk, 1929, PP* b.
J o h n s o n , R. I . :
68.
The E n g l i s h W orkshop.
G in n and
Company, New Y ork , 1939, PP* 2 0 1 -2 0 6 . c.
P o s t, E .: n a ll,
C.
ACTIVITIES:
E m ily P o s ^ s E t i q u e t t e .
Funk a n d Wag-
New Y ork, 19^7* PP* ^95-535* P r o j e c t s t h a t w i l l a i d you i n m a s t e r i n g t h e
t e c h n i q u e of w r i t i n g l e t t e r s of a p p r e c i a t i o n . 1.
WRITING THANK-YOU NOTES:
W r ite a n o t e o f th a n k s t o
one of t h e f o l l o w i n g p e o p l e : a.
A f r i e n d who h a s s e n t you a C h r is tm a s g i f t o r b irth d a y p re s e n t.
b.
A r e l a t i v e who h a s g iv e n you a b i c y c l e , d r e s s , o r some o t h e r g i f t .
c.
A b r i e f n o t e t o a t e a c h e r t h a n k i n g h e r f o r some s p e c ia l h elp .
d.
A f r i e n d who h a s p e r f o r m e d a k i n d s e r v i c e f o r you.
e.
A p e r s o n whom you i n t e r v i e w e d f o r a j o b .
f.
A l a d y who c h a p e r o n e d y ou t o a p a r t y .
g.
The p r i n c i p a l who made i t p o s s i b l e f o r you t o work a f t e r c l a s s b y r e a r r a n g i n g y o u r s c h e d u l e .
2.
WRITING BREAD-AND-BUTTER LETTERS?
W r ite one o f t h e
fo llo w in g b r e a d - a n d - b u tte r l e t t e r s ? a.
A c o u s i n whom you h av e r e c e n t l y v i s i t e d .
b.
A s c h o o l m a t e ’ s m o th e r whose home y ou v i s i t e d .
c.
A t e a c h e r w ith whom you s p e n t a p o r t i o n o f y o u r v a c a tio n .
d.
A f r i e n d on t h e c o a s t w i t h whom you s p e n t y o u r v a c a tio n .
e.
A f r i e n d w i t h whom you s p e n t y o u r su m m e r's v a c a tio n .
f. D.
A l a d y who c h a p e r o n e d you t o a p a r t y .
EVALUATION:
H e r e 's how you can c h e c k y o u r a b i l i t y t o
wr i t e n o t e s o f a p p r e c i a t i o n . 1.
TRUE-FALSE?
P la c e an X i n th e c o r r e c t sp ace f o r
tru e o r f a ls e . T
F
a.
( ) ( ) T han k-y ou l e t t e r s s h o u l d b e s im p le and b r i e f .
b.
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld n o t u s e t h e fo rm f o r a th a n k - y o u n o t e t h a t you u s e f o r a p e r s o n a l l e t t e r .
36 T
P
o*
( )( ) I t i s b e s t to
u s e p l a i n w h ite s t a t i o n e r y *
d.
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld b e
p ro m p t i n w r i t i n g y o u r t h a n k -
y ou n o t e s . e. 2.
( )( ) A th a n k -y o u n o te sh o u ld
BEST ANSWER!
a lw a y s b e i n f o r m a l .
P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r i n
th e p a re n th e se s. a.
( ) Your n o t e s o f a p p r e c i a t i o n s h o u ld b e ! B rie f but frie n d ly .
(2) F lo w e ry .
(1 )
( 3 ) F o rm a l.
(If) An a s s u r a n c e o f how happy you a r e . b . ( ) The p a t t e r n fo rm w h ich you s h o u ld f o l l o w i n w r i tin g your n o te s of a p p r e c i a t i o n sh o u ld be! (1 )
The form f o r b u s i n e s s l e t t e r s .
fo rm f o r f o r m a l I n v i t a t i o n s . f o r in fo rm al i n v i t a t i o n s .
(2 ) The
( 3 ) The form
(4) The form f o r
p erso n al l e t t e r s . c . ( ) I n y o u r b r e a d - a n d - b u t t e r l e t t e r you s h o u l d : (1 )
T e l l how g l a d you a r e t o g e t home.
(2 )
T e l l how e x c i t e d you were w h ile t h e r e .
(3)
I n v i t e them t o v i s i t y o u .
(40 E x p r e s s y o u r
a p p r e c ia tio n f o r th e c o u r t e s i e s . 3.
RATING SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ich
y ou q u a l i f y . a.
( ) S t a t i o n e r y i n good t a s t e .
b . ( ) P u n c tu a te d and c a p i t a l i z e d c o r r e c t l y .
37 c.
( ) P enm an sh ip i s e a s y t o r e a d .
d.
( ) Used c o n v e r s a t i o n a l t o n e .
e.
( ) E x p r e s s e d a p p r e c i a t i o n c l e a r l y an d c o u r t e o u s ly -
f.
( ) S p e l l e d e v e r y word c o r r e c t l y .
g.
( ) Have e v e r y s e n t e n c e g r a m m a t i c a l l y c o r r e c t .
(
) T o ta l.
CHAPTER 9-
DEAR SIR
HOW TO WRITE BUSINESS LETTERS A.
MOTIVATION:
Rew ards t o be g a i n e d fro m w r i t i n g good b u s i
ness l e t t e r s . 1.
A JOB:
Good l e t t e r w r i t i n g w i l l h e l p you o b t a i n a
jo b . 2.
PROMOTIONS:
A w e ll w r itte n l e t t e r w ill e lim in a te
m is u n d e rsta n d in g a b o u t your q u a l i f i c a t i o n . 3.
MORE MONEY:
A b i l i t y t o w r i t e good l e t t e r s w i l l h e l p
t o make i m p r e s s i o n s . B.
DIRECTIONS: 1.
2.
H e l p f u l h i n t s on w r i t i n g b u s i n e s s l e t t e r s .
THE STATIONERY:
How t o s e l e c t y o u r p a p e r .
a.
Use p l a i n w h ite u n r u l e d p a p e r .
b.
Use l e g a l s i z e gtS?M b y 1 1 " .
c.
Use p a p e r o f good q u a l i t y .
d.
Use e n v e l o p e s o f good q u a l i t y .
e.
U se e n v e lo p e s t o m atch p a p e r .
THE EYE-APPEAL:
How t o im prove t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f
your l e t t e r . a.
Leave a t l e a s t a one i n c h m a rg in on a l l s i d e s . T h is h e l p s t o b a l a n c e t h e l e t t e r .
b.
P l a c e t h e h e a d in g i n t h e u p p e r r i g h t h and c o r n e r of th e p a p e r.
c.
Do n o t w r i t e i n t h e m a r g i n s .
P l a c e i n s i d e a d d r e s s f l u s h w i t h l e f t m a r g in . Leave a s p a c e b e tw e e n h e a d i n g .
&.
W r ite s a l u t a t i o n one s p a c e b e lo w i n s i d e a d d r e s s f l u s h w i t h m argin*
e.
C e n t e r l e t t e r on t h e p a g e .
f.
Use d a r k i n k .
g.
Be n e a t .
Dp n o t l e a v e smudges o r i n k b l o t s .
THE FORM AND CONTENT:
How t o c h o o s e fo rm an d su b
je c t m a tte r. a.
Use e i t h e r b l o c k o r i n d e n t e d fo rm f o r h e a d i n g . (1)
In d e n te d : l 6 l l C a rte r S tr e e t M a r s h a l l , T exas F e b r u a r y 1 2 , 1951
(2)
B lo c k : l 6 l l C a rter S tre e t M a r s h a l l , T exas F e b r u a r y 1 2 , 1951
b.
Use same s t y l e f o r i n s i d e a d d r e s s a s was u s e d f o r h e a d in g . (1)
In d e n te d : S te c k P u b lis h e r s 1^11 P a r k l a n d Avenue D a l l a s , T exas
(2 )
B lo c k : S te c k P u b lis h e r s lM-11 P a r k l a n d Avenue D a l l a s , Texas
c.
C a p i t a l i z e t h e f i r s t word an d a l l n o u n s i n t h e sa lu ta tio n .
d.
P la c e a co lo n a f t e r i t .
B e g in c o m p lim e n ta r y c l o s e h a l f way a c r o s s p a g e . C a p i t a l i z e f i r s t word o n ly and p l a c e a comma a f t e r t h e l a s t w ord .
e.
In th e b lo c k s t y l e b eg in s ig n a tu r e u n d er f i r s t word o f c o m p lim e n ta r y c l o s e .
I n I n d e n t e d fo rm
b eg in i t u nder th e t h i r d l e t t e r .
Use n o p u n c t u
a tio n s . (1 )
U n m a rrie d : (M iss) Mary J o n e s
(2 )
M a r r ie d : Mary Doe. (M rs. J o h n Doe)
APPLICATION:
How t o w r i t e a l e t t e r o f a p p l i c a t i o n .
a.
Use p r o p e r f o rm .
b.
T e l l e m p lo y e r w hat he w a n ts t o know.
c.
A nsw er a l l q u e s t i o n s a s k e d i n a d v e r t i s e m e n t .
d.
S ta te b r i e f ly your q u a lif ic a tio n .
e.
Make l e t t e r c l e a r and c o n c i s e .
f.
(1 )
A ttr a c t fa v o ra b le a t t e n t i o n .
(2 )
A ro u se i n t e r e s t .
(3)
S e c u re a c t i o n .
Use c o r r e c t p u n c t u a t i o n s , c a p i t a l i z a t i o n s , and gram m ar.
g.
W atch s e n t e n c e s t r u c t u r e .
ORDERS:
H ow
to w rite l e t t e r s o rd e rin g s u p p lie s ,
a.
Make c l e a r w h at you w a n t.
h.
Use one l i n e f o r e a c h a r t i c l e .
c.
G ive s i z e , num ber, p r i c e o f e a c h , and t o t a l c o s t
d.
In c lu d e n e c e ss a ry d e t a i l s such as q u a l i t y ,
s ty le
brand, d e s c r ip tio n . e.
G ive c a t a l o g d e s c r i p t i o n .
f.
E x p l a i n how p ay m e n ts a r e b e i n g made.
g.
A v o id s u c h s t a t e m e n t s a s " P l e a s e s h i p a t o n c e ."
h.
W r ite c o m p le te s t a t e m e n t s .
SUBSCRIPTIONS:
How t o s u b s c r i b e f o r p a p e r s o r p e r i
o d ic a ls. a.
S t a t e t h e am ount e n c l o s e d a n d t h e fo rm o f r e m i t ta n c e .
b.
G ive week o r m onth on w h ic h s u b s c r i p t i o n i s t o b eg in .
c.
G ive l e n g t h o f t i m e f o r w h ich you a r e s u b s c r i b in g .
d.
W r ite p l a i n l y .
SENDING CLAIMS:
How t o w r i t e l e t t e r s o f c l a i m s .
a.
S t a t e c l e a r l y why g oods a r e n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y .
b.
E x p l a i n w hat c o r r e c t i o n s a r e t o b e m ade,
c*
Be c o u r t e o u s , b u t p o s i t i v e .
d.
A vo id u s e o f s l a n g .
S.
FORWARDING QUICK MESSAGES:
How t o w r i t e t e l e g r a m s
and n i g h t l e t t e r s .
9.
a.
Be b r i e f .
Omit a l l u n n e c e s s a r y w o rd s.
b.
L i m i t t e l e g r a m s t o t e n w o rd s .
e.
L im i t n i g h t l e t t e r s
d.
Use n i g h t l e t t e r s f o r lo n g m e s s a g e s .
e.
Convey e x a c t m e a n in g .
t o f i f t y w o rd s .
PREPARING THE ENVELOPE:How t o a d d r e s s a.
W r ite l e g i b l y u s i n g
th e e n v e lo p e .
a s few a b b r e v i a t i o n s a s p o s
sib le . b.
G ive c o m p le te a d d r e s s o f p e r s o n t o whom you a r e w ritin g .
c.
P l a c e r e t u r n a d d r e s s i n u p p e r l e f t hand c o r n e r .
d . U se same s t y l e a s 10.
SOURCES FOR THIS
was u s e d f o r l e t t e r .
CHAPTER: Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
L e t t e r s from home.
b.
Money o r d e r b l a n k s .
c.
T e le g ra m b l a n k s .
d.
O r d e r b l a n k s fro m
o rd er houses.
e.
T r e s s le r , J . C .: E n g lish in A c tio n .
D.
C. H ea th
a n d Company, B o s to n , 195°> PP* 1 9 9 -2 1 1 . C.
ACTIVITIES:
L a b o r a t o r y a s s i g n m e n t s t h a t w i l l a i d you i n
w r i t i n g c o r r e c t b u s i n e s s c o m m u n ic a tio n s . 1.
WRITING LETTERS:
W r ite t h e f o l l o w i n g l e t t e r s :
a.
W rite a l e t t e r t o S e a r s R oebuck and Company o r d e r i n g f o u r a r t i c l e s y ou would l i k e t o h a v e .
b.
W r ite a l e t t e r s u b s c r i b i n g f o r one o f t h e f o l lo w in g m a g a z in e s :
c.
(1 )
The A m erican B oy.
(2)
The A m erican G -irl.
(3)
B o y 1a L i f e .
(*0
C a l l i n g A l l G - i r la .
(5)
S e v en teen .
W r ite a l e t t e r t o a t r a v e l b u r e a u a s k i n g f o r d e f i n i t e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t some t r i p t h e f a m i l y o r you p la n t o t a k e .
d.
W r ite a l e t t e r t o t h e p r i n c i p a l o f t h e s c h o o l a p p l y i n g f o r a Job a s o f f i c e b o y .
e.
W r ite a t e n word t e l e g r a m d i r e c t i n g someone t o m eet y o u .
f.
W r ite a n i g h t l e t t e r t o a r e l a t i v e o r f r i e n d g i v i n g p l a n s f o r a w eek-en d t r i p .
2.
CLASS ASSISTANCE:
E x ch an g e l e t t e r s w r i t t e n w i t h
c la ssm a te s. a.
D e p o s i t l e t t e r s i n a m a il b o x an d s e l e c t a l e t t e r to answ er.
b. D.
A nsw er t h e l e t t e r y o u r e c e i v e d .
EVALUATION:
Some c h e c k - u p s on y o u r s k i l l i n w r i t i n g
b u sin e ss m essages.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X in th e c o r r e c t sp ace f o r
tru e o r f a ls e . T a.
() (
F ) You s h o u ld u s e t h e same fo rm f o r b u s i n e s s le tte r s as fo r so c ia l le t t e r s .
b.
() (
) I t i s b e s t t o a v o id a b b r e v ia t io n s i n w r it in g b u s in e s s l e t t e r s .
c.
( )(
) You s h o u ld p l a c e a comma a f t e r t h e s a l u t a t i o n of th e b u s in e s s l e t t e r .
d.
() (
) Y our b u s i n e s s l e t t e r s h o u l d be hum orous.
e.
() (
) T hank -yo u n o t e s s h o u l d b e s im p le and b r i e f .
f.
( )(
) A l l em erg en cy m e ssa g e s s h o u ld b e s e n t by te le g ra m .
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t an sw e r
in th e p a re n th e s e s . a.
( ) When w r i t i n g a b u s i n e s s l e t t e r you s h o u ld u s e : (l)
The i n d e n t e d f o rm .
(2) The b l o c k fo rm .
(3 )
The two l i n e f o rm . . (40 The i n d e n t e d o r
b l o c k fo rm . b.
( ) When a n s w e r in g a n a d v e r t i s e m e n t you s h o u ld : (1 ) F i l e an a p p l i c a t i o n b l a n k . lo n g e x p l a n a t o r y l e t t e r .
(2) W r ite a
( 3 ) W r ite a b r i e f
e x p la n a to ry l e t t e r . c . ( ) A b u s i n e s s l e t t e r s h o u ld e n d w i t h : T r u ly .
(2) S in c e r e ly Y ou rs.
T r u ly .
(4-) Very t r u l y y o u r s .
( l ) Y ours
(3 ) Yours v ery
H-5 3.
RATING SCALE:
P l a c e an .X i n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e s q u a r e : Very poor
a.
L e g ib ility
b.
P u n c tu a tio n s
c.
S p e llin g
d.
Grammar
e.
S e n te n c e s t r u c t u r e
f .
N e a tn e s s
g.
Form
h.
C o n c is e n e s s
i.
C le a rn e ss
.1.
S ta tio n e ry
k.
Ink
1.
G en eral e v a lu a tio n T o t a l Check b y colum ns
-
G rand t o t a l
Poor
F a ir
Good
Very good
PART I I I .
CLUB WORK
HOW TO BEHAVE IN' MEETINGS O b v io u s ly , t h e p e r s o n who makes a good f o l l o w e r w i l l make a good l e a d e r .
Knowing how t o be c o n s i d e r a t e o f o t h e r s
i s one o f t h e o u t s t a n d i n g q u a l i t i e s of a l e a d e r .
T h e re a r e
many p a r l i a m e n t a r y p r o c e d u r e s t h a t a l e a d e r m ust b e a l e r t t o . Do you know how t o p u t a m o tio n ? m e e tin g s? speech? tio n ?
Can y ou open and c l o s e
As a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e g r o u p , c a n y o u make a As a member of a n o r g a n i z a t i o n , c a n you make a mo
Do you w a i t f o r y o u r t u r n t o s p e a k ?
Do y o u r e c o g n i z e
t h e l e a d e r and o t h e r s o r do you t h i n k you a r e t h e w hole show? I n t h i s s e c t i o n you w i l l f i n d s u g g e s t i o n s t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u s o l v e some of y o u r p r o b le m s t h a t c o n f r o n t you a s a member o f c lu b s.
CHAPTER 1 0 .
RUNNING THE SHOW
HOW TO ACT AS AN OFFICER A.
MOTIVATION:
R e g a rd s t o be e x p e c t e d fro m c o n d u c t i n g m eet
in g s p r o p e r ly . 1.
ADVANCEMENT:
I n c r e a s e d s k i l l and a c c u r a c y i n c o n d u c t
i n g m e e ti n g s r e s u l t i n e l e c t i o n t o h i g h e r p o s i t i o n s . 2.
HIGHER WAGES:
P e o p le t r a i n e d a s o f f i c e r s r e c e i v e
h i g h e r w a g e s. J.
MORE RESPECT:
F rie n d s and a s s o c i a t e s r e s p e c t th o s e
who c a n s e r v e a s l e a d e r s . B.
DIRECTIONS:
Some p o i n t e r s t h a t w i l l h e l p you m a s t e r t h e
s k i l l of p re s id in g . 1.
MOTIONS:
How t o p u t a m o tio n .
a.
R e c o g n iz e t h e member by c a l l i n g h i s name.
b.
Ask " I s t h e r e a s e c o n d t o t h a t m o tio n ? "
c.
R e p e a t t h e m o tio n . onded t h a t
( " I t h a s b e e n moved a n d s e c
. 11)
d.
C a ll f o r d is c u s s io n .
e.
A sk "A re you r e a d y f o r t h e q u e s t i o n ? "
(A llow
r e a s o n a b l e tim e f o r d i s c u s s i o n . )
2.
f.
R e s t a t e t h e m o ti o n .
g.
D ir e c t th e v o tin g .
DEPORTMENT: a.
How t o c o n d u c t y o u r s e l f w h ile p r e s i d i n g ,
Remain c a lm .
3.
k.
b.
R e c o g n iz e t h e f i r s t s p e a k e r .
c.
Use no p a r t i a l i t y .
d.
Use c o r r e c t gram m ar.
e.
Use good p o s t u r e .
ADJOURNMENT:
How t o c l o s e t h e m e e t i n g .
a.
G a l l m e e ti n g t o o r d e r .
b.
G a l l f o r a m o tio n t o a d j o u r n .
c.
C a r r y t h e m o tio n .
d.
Adj o u r n o r d e r l y .
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER: Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n fo rm a tio n . a.
Dawson, M. A .:
Language f o r D a l l y U s e .
World
Book Company, New Y ork, 1 9 ^ 9 , PP* 3 6 6 - 3 7 ° • C.
ACTIVITIES:
S u g g e s te d p r o j e c t s t h a t w i l l h e l p you d e v e l
op y o u r s k i l l a s a p r e s i d i n g o f f i c e r . 1.
GROUP PERFORMANCE:
Form g ro u p s i n t h e c l a s s and l e t
one s e r v e a s c h a ir m a n . a.
D i s c u s s and d e c i d e on a p ro g ra m f o r a s s e m b l y .
b.
D ec id e on a g i f t b a s k e t f o r u n f o r t u n a t e c h i l d r e n i n t h e com m unity.
2.
c.
S e le c t a p la c e f o r a p ic n ic .
d.
D e c id e on a f i e l d t r i p t o be made b y t h e
ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE: S e rv e a s c h a ir m a n fo llo w in g e l e c t io n s : a.
Home room o f f i c e r s .
c la ss. f o r th e
D.
b.
S tu d e n t c o u n c il r e p r e s e n t a t i v e .
c.
May P e t e p a r t i c i p a n t s .
d.
F o o tb a ll sw e e th e a rt.
EVALUATION:
Some sam ple c h e c k - u p s o n y o u r a b i l i t y t o
c o n d u c t a m e e ti n g p r o p e r l y . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r
tru e o r f a ls e . T
F
a.
() ( ) The c h a irm a n makes f i n a l d e c i s i o n on m o tio n .
b.
() ( ) The p r e s i d i n g o f f i c e r v o t e s w i t h t h e g r o u p .
c.
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld be a member o f a g ro up t o
pre
sid e . d . ( )(
) You s h o u ld a d d r e s s t h e member who w a n ts t o make a m o tio n .
e . ( )(
) I t i s c o r r e c t p ro c e d u re t o not a d d re s s th e member who s e c o n d s t h e m o tio n .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r i n
th e p a re n th e s e s .
3.
RATING- SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ich
you q u a l i f y . a.
( ) Rose
when s t a t i n g a m o tio n .
b.
( ) R ose
when p u t t i n g a m o tio n .
c.
( ) Rose
when g i v i n g t h e r e s u l t s .
d.
( ) R e frain ed
fro m d i s c u s s i n g m o tio n .
50 e . . ( ) D e c id e d p o i n t s o f o r d e r p r o m p t l y . f.
( ) R e c o g n iz e d members i n o r d e r i n w h ic h t h e y s ta n d .
g . ( ) Gave e v e ry o n e a c h a n c e t o d i s c u s s q u e s t i o n s of im p o rta n c e . h . ( ) K ep t d i s c u s s i o n s m oving. i.
( ) Rem ained c a lm a n d p o i s e d .
J . ( ) C o n tro lle d v o ic e . k . ( ) U sed c o r r e c t gram m ar. 1 . ( ) S k i l l f u l i n u s e of p a r l i a m e n t a r y p r o c e d u r e s . (
) T o ta l.
51 CHAPTER 1 1 .
CARRYING YOUR WEIGHT
HOW TO PARTICIPATE AS A FLOOR MEMBER A.
MOTIVATION :
Rewards t h a t oome fro m p a r t i c i p a t i n g s k i l l
f u l l y a s members o f an o r g a n i z a t i o n . 1.
PROMOTIONS^
Good f o l l o w e r s make good l e a d e r s .
2.
GREATER COMPETENCE:
You w i l l g a i n know ledge t h e
more you p a r t i c i p a t e i n m e e t i n g s . MORE EMPLOYABLE:
You w i l l h a v e a d v a n ta g e when a p
p l y i n g f o r a p o s i t i o n o v e r t h o s e who h av e n o t had clu h e x p e r ie n c e . B.
DIRECTIONS:
P r o . l e c t s t h a t w i l l h e l p you s e r v e a s c l e v e r
memhers o f o r g a n i z a t i o n s . 1.
KEEPING RECORDS:
How t o w r i t e t h e m i n u t e s .
a.
C o n t r o v e r s i e s a r e o f t e n s e t t l e d by
Be a c c u r a t e . th e m in u te s.
b.
U se l e g i b l e h a n d w r i t i n g .
c.
C a p i t a l i z e , p u n c t u a t e , an d s p e l l c o r r e c t l y .
d.
Take n o t e s d u r i n g m e e ti n g .
e.
Use c o r r e c t E n g l i s h .
f.
R e g ard p r o p e r fo rm f o r w r i t t e n work when r e w r i t in g .
2.
VOTING:
How t o make a m o tio n a n d se c o n d a m o tio n .
a.
A d d r e s s c h a ir m a n .
b.
W ait u n t i l c h a irm a n r e c o g n i z e s y o u .
o.
3 p e a k c l e a r l y an d d i s t i n c t l y .
d.
Use c o r r e c t E n g l i s h .
e.
S ta n d e r e c t .
f.
When s e c o n d in g a m o tio n a d d r e s s c h a i r .
g.
Do n o t w a i t f o r c h a irm a n t o a d d r e s s you b e f o r e m aking y o u r s e c o n d .
3*
COMMITTEE REPORTS:
How t o make a com m ittee r e p o r t .
a.
Make o r a l l y o r w r i t t e n .
b.
U se c o r r e c t E n g l i s h .
c.
Be b r i e f .
d.
A d d r e s s c h a i r b e f o r e m aking r e p o r t .
e.
In c lu d e c l e a r
s t a t e m e n t s o f t h e work of t h e
com
m itte e . f.
G-ive a l i s t o f e x p e n d i t u r e s ,
g.
S ta te r e s u l t s a c h ie v e d .
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
i f any.
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
H a t f i e ld , W. W.:
S e n io r E n g lis h A c t i v i t i e s .
Am erican Book Company, B o s to n , 1936, PP» 1 5 7 -1 7 6 . b.
T r e s s l e r , J . C .:
E n g lish i n A c tio n .
D. C. H e a th
an d Company, B o s to n , 195°# PP* 66-77* 0.
ACTIVITIES:
Some p r o j e c t s t h a t w i l l d e v e lo p y o u r s k i l l
in p a r t i c i p a t i n g in clu b m e e tin g s. 1.
CLASS PARTICIPATIONS:
Form g r o u p s i n t h e c l a s s and
s e r v e i n one o f t h e f o l l o w i n g w a y s .
2.
a.
W r ite t h e m in u te s f o r t h e g r o u p .
b.
Make m o tio n s a b o u t a f f a i r s .
c.
W r ite t h e r e p o r t f o r a c o m m itte e .
CUJB PARTICIPATION:
D u rin g t h e home-room p e r i o d
p a r t i c i p a t e i n one o f t h e f o l l o w i n g w ays. a.
D.
Make a m o tio n .
b.
Second a m o tio n .
c.
A r r e s t a m o tio n .
d.
D isc u ss a q u e s tio n .
e.
Move a n amendment t o a m o tio n .
f.
Move t o t a b l e a m o tio n .
EVALUATION:
Some c h e c k - u p s on y o u r a b i l i t y t o s e r v e a s
f l o o r member i n a n o r g a n i z a t i o n . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X in th e c o r r e c t space f o r
tru e or f a ls e . T a.
F
( )(
) You s h o u l d a d d r e s s t h e c h a i r b e f o r e making a m o tio n .
b.
( )(
) I t i s b e s t t o s i t w h ile p r e s i d i n g .
c . ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d
ad d ress th e p erson
who s e c o n d s
a m o tio n . d.
( ) ( ) I t i s p r e f e r a b l e f o r t h e c h a ir m a n o f a co m m itte e t o r e a d t h e r e p o r t .
e.
( )(
) To g e t t h i n g s done you s h o u ld d r o p p a r l i a m e n ta r y p r o c e d u r e s .
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r
In th e p a re n th e s e s . a.
( ) You s h o u ld u s e p a r l i a m e n t a r y p r o c e d u r e t o : (1 ) A void r u d e b e h a v i o r .
(2) Give f r e e d i s
c u s s i o n t o t h e w hole a s s e m b l y . d isc u ssio n .
( 3 ) Speed up
(40 S o c i a l i z e t h e d i s c u s s i o n .
b . ( ) I f y ou w is h t o p r o p o s e a ch an g e i n an y m o tio n , y ou s h o u ld : m itte e .
(1 ) Move t o r e f e r i t t o a com
(2) Move t o t a b l e m o tio n .
t o amend t h e m o tio n .
( 3 ) Move
(4 ) Move t h e p r e v i o u s
q u e s tio n . RATING SCALE: y ou q u a l i f y .
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ich
55 CHAPTER 1 2 .
MY FRIENDS
HOW TO SPEAK TO AN AUDIENCE A.
MOTIVATION!
Rewards t h a t may oome fro m e f f e c t i v e
p u b lic
s p e a k in g . 1.
MORE INDIVIDUALITY:
Y our a b i l i t y t o make s p e e c h e s
makes you o u t s t a n d i n g i n t h e g r o u p . 2.
GREATER SELF CONFIDENCE:
A p p e a r in g i n p u b l i c g i v e s
you more s e l f a s s u r a n c e . 3* B.
GREATER POISE:
S p e a k in g c r e a t e s p o i s e .
DIRECTIONS:Some p o i n t e r s on how you may
d ev e lo p your
s k i l l in sp e a k in g . 1.
DELIVERING THE MESSAGE:
How t o s p e a k so t h a t o t h e r s
w i l l u n d e rsta n d you. a.
O r g a n iz e y o u r m e s s a g e . (1 )
T h in k t h r o u g h w hat you w ant t o s a y .
(T h in k
b e f o r e you s p e a k . ) (2 )
S e l e c t t h e t y p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n w h ic h b e s t s u it s your m a te ria l.
(Tim e, s p a c e ,
or
s p e c ia l o r d e r .) b.
S e l e c t y o u r w ords c a r e f u l l y . (1 )
Choose w ords w h ich w i l l b e s t
e x p re ss your
m e a n in g . (2)
Choose w ords w h ich y o u r a u d i e n c e w i l l u n d e r sta n d .
c.
P ro n o u n c e w ords p r o p e r l y .
d.
R a i s e a n d lo w e r y o u r v o i c e .
e.
Make u s e o f g e s t u r e s .
SELECTING SUBJECT:
How t o d e c i d e on y o u r t o p i c .
a.
D e c id e on y o u r p u r p o s e .
b.
S e l e c t a s u b j e c t t h a t y ou a r e e a g e r t o l e a r n a b o u t.
c.
S e l e c t a s u b j e c t on w h ich y o u c a n f i n d in f o r m a tio n .
d.
C o n s i d e r t h e am ount o f tim e you have t o sp en d on y o u r s u b j e c t .
e.
S e l e c t y o u r s u b j e c t w i t h y o u r a u d i e n c e i n mind.
SUBJECT MATTER:
H ow
to c o lle c t m a te ria l.
a.
Check n e w sp a p e rs a n d m a g a z in e s .
b.
L is te n to th e r a d i o .
c.
T a lk w i t h w e l l - i n f o r m e d p e o p l e .
d.
Check t h e l i b r a r y .
e.
Check r e f e r e n c e b o o k s .
OUTLINE:
(Use t h e R e a d e r s 1 G u id e .)
How t o o u t l i n e y o u r m a t e r i a l .
a.
W r ite n o t e s a s you r e a d .
b.
L is t o n ly e s s e n t i a l f a c t s .
c.
I n c l u d e o n ly p e r t i n e n t m a t e r i a l .
d.
Be b r i e f , b u t c l e a r .
e.
Make y o u r n o t e s s i m p l e .
f.
Use c a r d s .
g.
L i s t o n ly one f a c t on e a c h c a r d .
h.
R e s t a t e w hat t h e a u t h o r s a y s i n y o u r own w o rd s.
i.
Group t o g e t h e r a l l c a r d s p e r t a i n i n g t o one su b je c t.
j.
S e l e c t a main t o p i c .
k.
Group s l i p s t h a t r e l a t e t o t h e same i d e a .
1.
Use t e l e g r a p h i c s t y l e .
THE AUDIENCE:
How t o
get
th e
a tte n tio n
of
th e
a u d i
ence.
a.
A p p e a r w e l l groom ed.
b.
Be a t e a s e .
c.
S ta n d e r e c t , b u t n o t s t i f f l y .
d.
Do n o t f i d g e t .
e.
A void d i s t r a c t i n g m a n n e ris m s .
f.
Do n o t p u t hand s i n p o c k e t s .
g.
S p eak i n t o n e t h a t w i l l r e a c h e n t i r e a u d i e n c e .
h.
Be a l e r t , e n t h u s i a s t i c , and f o r c e f u l .
i.
T a lk d i r e c t l y t o e n t i r e a u d i e n c e .
THE SPEECH: a.
How t o d e l i v e r t h e s p e e c h .
B e g in w i t h a n a p p r o p r i a t e s t o r y ,
jo k e , o r s t a t e
ment t h a t w i l l a r o u s e i n t e r e s t . b.
I f m aking a n an n o u n c e m e n t, g i v e a l l n e c e s s a r y i n fo rm a tio n . (1)
The o c c a s i o n an d p u r p o s e .
(2)
The e x a c t d a t e , t i m e , an d p l a c e .
c.
(3 )
The s p e c i f i c d i r e c t i o n s t o t h e p l a c e .
(H-)
The c o s t o f a d m i s s i o n .
I f m aking a n a p p e a l f o r a i d , g i v e c l e a r , d e f i n i t e in fo rm a tio n .
d.
(1 )
S t a t e c l e a r l y w hat i s w a n te d .
(2 )
S t a t e b r i e f l y why i t i s w a n te d .
(3 )
T e l l how a i d w i l l he u s e d .
(M-)
Be c o u r t e o u s an d t a c t f u l .
(5 )
Be s i n c e r e .
I f m aking a p r e s e n t a t i o n s p e e c h , keep t h e r e c i p i e n t i n m ind. (1 )
A v o id e m b a r r a s s i n g r e m a r k s .
(2 )
M en tio n s im p ly t h e p e r s o n ' s a c c o m p lis h m e n ts or s e rv ic e s .
(3 )
M ention t h e r e a s o n f o r t h e g i f t .
(M*) Make i t c l e a r t h a t you a r e r e p r e s e n t i n g a g roup. e.
When m aking a n a c c e p t a n c e s p e e c h be s i n c e r e . (1 )
Thank g i v e r s s im p ly b u t s i n c e r e l y .
(2 )
Be b r i e f i n y o u r r e m a r k s .
(3 )
M en tio n t h e u s e f u l n e s s o f y o u r g i f t .
THE INTRODUCTION:
How t o i n t r o d u c e a s p e a k e r .
a.
Be d i g n i f i e d and f o r m a l .
b.
S t a t e name o f s p e a k e r t w i c e .
c.
Say s p e a k e r ' s name d i s t i n c t l y .
S.
d.
S ta te su b je c t a c c u ra te ly .
e.
D o n 't s t a t e y o u r
f.
D o n 't u s e n o t e s .
g.
Remain s t a n d i n g u n t i l s p e a k e r comes f o r w a r d .
h.
Be s e a t e d when s p e a k e r a c k n o w le d g e s y o u .
v ie w s .
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n - ’
fo rm a tio n . a.
Chapman, L. H .:
Using; E n g lis h .
and Company, HewYork, 1 9 2 9 , b.
T r e s s l e r , J . C .:
E n g lish
H a rco u rt, Brace
pp. 663-677*
In A c tio n .
D. C. H e a th
an d Company, B o s to n , 1 9 5 ° , PP* 179-19^* C.
ACTIVITIES:
S u g g e s te d a c t i v i t i e s t h a t w i l l h e l p you
m a ste r th e te c h n iq u e s of p u b lic sp e a k in g . 1.
DRAMATIZATION:
Choose p a r t n e r s an d I n t r o d u c e e a c h
o th e r as sp e ak ers f o r th e fo llo w in g o c c a sio n s. a.
A ssem bly s p e a k e r s .
b.
S p e a k e r s on p a n e l s .
,c. d. 2.
S p eak ers f o r c h a r i t y a p p e a ls , A nn o un cers*
SCHOOL PARTICIPATION:
Make t h e f o l l o w i n g s p e e c h e s
i n t h e a s s e m b ly p ro g ra m : a.
Make a n a n n o u n c em e n t o f a p a r t y t h e c l a s s i s g iv in g .
b.
Make a cam p aig n s p e e c h f o r y o u r s t u d e n t c o u n c i l c a n d id a te f o r p r e s id e n t.
6o c.
I n t r o d u c e t h e g u e s t s p e a k e r f o r y o u r homeroom te a c h e r.
3»
PANELS!
P a r t i c i p a t e in th e fo llo w in g p a n e ls !
a.
F i r e p r e v e n t i o n i n t h e home an d s c h o o l .
b.
The p r e s e n t s c h o o l r u l e s .
c.
A p o s s i b l e ch an g e i n S to p a n d Go s i g n s a r o u n d th e s c h o o l.
d. D.
R e v isio n of th e sc h o o l c u rric u lu m .
EVAUJATION!
Some s a m p le s o f c h e c k s on y o u r a b i l i t y t o
sp e ak b e fo re an a u d ie n c e . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X in th e c o r r e c t space f o r
tru e or f a ls e . T
F
a . ( )(
) You s h o u ld n e v e r u s e g e s t u r e s when s p e a k in g .
b.
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld
o u tlin e your speech.
c.
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld
never use n o te s .
d.
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld
a lw a y s k eep t h e body s t r a i g h t
w h ile s p e a k i n g . e. 2.
BEST
( ) ( ) You s h o u ld
t a l k to th e e n t ir e au d ien ce .
ANSWER: P l a c e t h e number of t h e b e s t a n s w e r
i n th e p a r e n th e s e s .
3«
RATING SCALE: you q u a l i f y .
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w hich
a.
( ) A p p e a re d w e l l groom ed.
b . ( ) R em ained com posed. c . ( ) Spoke t o e n t i r e a u d i e n c e .
a. ( ) Made s t a t e m e n t s b r i e f a n d c l e a r e . ( ) U sed good gram m ar. (
) T o ta l.
62
PART IV .
VOICE OF THE PEOPLE
HOW TO PRODUCE A SCHOOL PAPER E x tra I to
E x tra l
Read a l l a b o u t i t .
How w ould y o u l i k e
s e e y o u r name i n p r i n t a s an e d i t o r o r a u t h o r ?
P erhaps
one o f t h e g r e a t e s t t a s k s i s c o l l e c t i n g t h e news so you w i l l h a v e s o m e th in g t o p u b l i s h . s c h o o l p ap er?
Can you w r i t e a r t i c l e s f o r t h e
Do you know how t o make y o u r a r t i c l e a p p e a l
to th e r e a d e r 's in te r e s t?
Can you w r i t e good book r e v ie w s ?
Can you r e p o r t w hat you s e e i n t h e m ov ies o r h e a r o v e r t h e ra d io
i n an i n t e r e s t i n g m a n n e r, s o t h a t o t h e r s w i l l w ant t o
r e a d th e book, see th e p i c t u r e ,
o r l i s t e n t o t h e p ro g ra m ?
I n t h i s s e c t i o n you w i l l f i n d s u g g e s t i o n s t h a t w i l l a i d y o u w i t h some o f t h e p ro b le m s t h a t c o n f r o n t you a s a news re p o rte r.
By c o n t r i b u t i n g i n t e r e s t i n g a r t i c l e s t o t h e s c h o o l
p a p e r you c a n e x p e r i e n c e t h e t h r i l l of s e e i n g your, name i n p r i n t as an e d i t o r o r a u th o r .
*
CHAPTER 1 3 .
DIGGING IT UP
HOW TO COLLECT MATERIAL FOR THE SCHOOL PAPER A.
MOTIVATION:
Rewards t h a t may be g a i n e d fro m l e a r n i n g t o
c o l l e c t m a te r ia l f o r th e sc h o o l p a p e r . 1.
PUBLIC CONTACT: C o l l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l f o r
th e school
p a p e r p r o v i d e s a n o p p o r t u n i t y f o r you t o m eet t h e p u b lic . 2.
PERSONALITY:
N ew spaper r e p o r t e r s d e v e lo p t h e many
s i d e s of t h e i r p e r s o n a l i t i e s . 3.
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES:
When you c o l l e c t new s, you
m eet more f r i e n d s . B.
DIRECTIONS:
Some p o i n t e r s on c o l l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l f o r th e
school p a p e r. 1..
SOURCES:
How t o g e t i n f o r m a t i o n .
a.
O b serv e h a p p e n in g s k e e n l y .
b.
L iste n a t t e n t i v e l y .
c.
C o n v e rse w i t h s c h o o l m a t e s .
d.
I n q u i r e fro m t h o s e a r o u n d y o u .
e.
Go t o s c e n e s o f a c t i o n on t h e campus
an d i n th e
com m unity. f.
V i s i t e a c h room.
g.
O bserve a s s e m b ly p r o g r a m s .
h.
In te rv ie w v i s i t o r s .
i.
R eview m o tio n p i c t u r e s shown i n c l a s s .
j.
O b se rv e b a s k e t b a l l games an d o t h e r s p o r t s ,
k.
R eview b o o k s .
WRITING-: a.
How t o r e c o r d t h e n ew s.
L is t a l l im p o rta n t ite m s . (1 )
The t i m e .
(2 )
The p l a c e .
( 3 ) The k i n d o f e v e n t .
b.
(4-)
P erso n s in v o lv e d .
(5 )
V a rio u s a c t i v i t i e s .
(6)
The r e s u l t s .
When i n t e r v i e w i n g someone l i s t q u e s t i o n s you w ant a n s w e re d .
c.
R e c o rd a n s w e rs a f t e r e a c h q u e s t i o n .
d.
Be a c c u r a t e .
e.
Be b r i e f .
f.
Be c l e a r .
g.
Be a l e r t .
h.
S tic k to th e t r u t h .
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
N e a l, R. M .:
News G a t h e r i n g an d News W r i t i n g .
P r e n t i c e H a l l , New Y o rk , 19^7*
(In stru c tio n s
a n d ex a m p le s f o r t h e h i g h s c h o o l s t u d e n t who i s i n t e r e s t e d in w r itin g f o r th e sc h o o l p a p e r .)
65 0.
ACTIVITIES:
Some a c t i v i t i e s t o in c r e a s e your s k i l l In
c o l l e c t i n g ; news f o r t h e s c h o o l p a p e r * 1.
INTERVIEWS!
S erv e a s news r e p o r t e r f o r y o u r c l a s s
and c o l l e c t t h e news f o r d i f f e r e n t co lu m n s.
2.
a.
In te rv ie w g i r l s fo r
b.
I n t e r v i e w boy s f o r a t h l e t i c
c.
In te rv ie w te a c h e rs f o r honor s tu d e n ts .
d.
I n t e r v i e w c o a c h f o r v a r s i t y men.
e.
I n t e r v i e w v i s i t o r s t h a t come t o t h e cam pus.
OBSERVATIONS:
D.
new s.
Go t o s c e n e s o f a c t i o n and w r i t e new s.
a.
A campus s c e n e .
b.
A s t r e e t scene.
c.
s o c i e t y colum n.
A c la s s scene.
EVALUATION:
Some sam ple c h e c k - u p s t h a t w i l l i n c r e a s e
y o u r s k i l l i n c o l l e c t i n g news f o r t h e p a p e r . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P u t an X i n e a c h c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e
or fa lse .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e c o r r e c t a n sw e r
in th e p a re n th e se s.
3.
RATING SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ich
y ou q u a l i f y . a.
( ) I n c l u d e d tim e an d p l a c e .
b . ( ) S ta te d c l e a r l y th e k in d o f e v e n t.
66 c.
( ) L is te d a l l p e rso n s in v o lv e d .
d.
( ) C la r if ie d v a rio u s a c t i v i t i e s .
e.
( ) Was " b r ie f , "but c l e a r and a c c u r a t e .
f.
( ) S tu c k t o t h e t r u t h .
(
) T o ta l.
67 CHAPTER Ik-,
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
HOW TO CONSTRUCT NEWS STORIES A.
MOTIVATION?
Rew ards t o b e g a i n e d f o r w r i t i n g good news
s to rie s. 1.
ADVANCEMENT IN JOBS:
I n c r e a s e d s k i l l an d a c c u r a c y
r e s u l t i n p r o m o tio n on t h e j o b . 2.
GOOD WAGES:
W ell t r a i n e d news r e p o r t e r s a r e p a i d
good s a l a r i e s . 3.
B.
GREATER INTEREST IN OTHER SUBJECTS:
A m a s t e r y o f th e
w ritin g
s k i l l le a d s to
a m a s te r y o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s .
DIRECTIONS:
Key p o i n t s t o
g u id e you i n w r i t i n g news f o r
th e school p a p e r. 1.
WRITING THE STORY:
How t o w r i t e a news s t o r y .
a.
B e g in w i t h I n t e r e s t i n g t i t l e .
b.
L e t l e a d t e l l who, w h at, when, w h e re , an d why.
c.
Know y o u r ABC’ s .
d.
P lu n g e i n t o t h e a c c o u n t .
e.
G ive i m p o r t a n t d e t a i l s an d s t o p .
f.
W atch w r i t i n g t e c h n i q u e s .
(Be a c c u r a t e , b r i e f , an d c l e a r . )
E d ito r s a re very c r i t
ic a l. (1 )
Use c o r r e c t E n g l i s h .
(2 )
P u n c tu a te c o r r e c t l y .
(The t h o u g h t i s co n
v eyed b y means o f p u n c t u a t i o n . ) (3)
S p e l l c o r r e c t l y a t a l l tim e s*
(Words a r e
v e r y i m p o r t a n t i n c o m p r e h e n s io n .)
(^ )
W r ite t h e f i r s t d r a f t .
(5)
E d i t y o u r w ork .
(6)
R e v is e an d r e w r i t e u n t i l you h ave g iv e n your b e s t account o f th e e v e n t.
HEADLINES;
How
to w r ite th e h e a d lin e .
a.
S e l e c t t h e m ain i d e a i n t h e a r t i c l e .
b.
P u t i n t o a s few w ords a s p o s s i b l e .
H e a d lin e s
s h o u ld b e b r i e f b u t i n c l u s i v e . ANNOUNCEMENTS: a.
How t o w r i t e b r i e f a r t i c l e s ,
U se same p a t t e r n a s was u s e d f o r l e a d .
T e ll
who, w h a t, when, w h ere, why. FEATURE STORIES:
How t o w r i t e s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s t o r
ie s . a.
Use v i v i d d e s c r i p t i o n .
b.
Keep r e a d e r i n s u s p e n s e .
c.
I n c l u d e e x p r e s s i o n s o f y o u r own f e e l i n g .
d.
B ase t h e f e a t u r e s t o r y on f a c t s .
e.
A v oid o v e r e x a g g e r a t i o n .
f.
Use c o n c r e t e d e t a i l s .
BOOK REVIEWS:
L ead t o a c l i m a x .
How t o w r i t e book r e p o r t s .
a.
Read bo ok a t l e a s t o n c e .
b.
Comment on l i f e o f a u t h o r .
L is t fa c ts about
b i r t h , p a r e n t a g e , e d u c a t i o n a l b a c k g ro u n d , o t h e r i n t e r e s t s , and o t h e r l i t e r a r y w o rk s .
(T h is g iv e s
an i n s i g h t i n t o why he d i d t h i s p a r t i c u l a r ty p e
of w ritin g .) c.
G ive b r i e f summary o f c o n t e n t s (1)
S t a t e them e o r g e n e r a l i a e a .
(2)
G ive t i m e , p l a c e , s c e n e .
(3 )
L i s t c h a r a c te r s and t h e i r r e l a t i o n .
M e n tio n
y o u r f a v o r i t e c h a r a c t e r t e l l i n g why you l i k e h im . (*0
M e n tio n m ost i n t e r e s t i n g e v e n t o r i n c i d e n t .
(5 )
S ta te your o p in io n .
(T h is h e lp s o th e r s de
c i d e w h e th e r t h e y w an t t o r e a d i t . ) (6 )
Be o r i g i n a l i n y o u r e x p r e s s i o n s .
(7)
Be w i t t y a n d c l e v e r .
MOVIE REVIEW!
How t o w r i t e a m o tio n p i c t u r e r e v i e w .
a.
D isc u ss t i t l e .
b.
G ive theme o r m ain i d e a .
c.
D isc u ss p l o t .
d.
D isc u ss a c t o r s .
T e ll w h e th e r a c to r s a r e n a t u r a l
an d o u t s t a n d i n g l y g oo d .
T e l l why.
e.
T e ll ab o u t th e d ia lo g ,
f.
D i s c u s s s e t t i n g , c o s tu m e s , m a k e-u p .
g.
S ta te y o u r o p in io n .
h.
A v o id g r a m m a tic a l e r r o r s .
RADIO REVIEWS I a.
s o u n d , and p h o t o g r a p h y .
How t o w r i t e r a d i o new s,
W r ite a c r i t i c a l summary. (1 )
Name o f p r o g ra m .
(2)
Time o f p r o g r a m .
( 3 ) The
sponsor.
(43
The
sta tio n .
(5)
Its
h ig h lig h ts.
( 6 ) Y our r e a s o n f o r l i k i n g i t . b. S.
9.
E x p ress y o u r s e lf c l e a r l y .
E D IT O R IA L S H o w t o w r i t e e d i t o r i a l s . a.
S e le c t a su b je c t of g en e ra l i n t e r e s t .
b.
Make an o u t l i n e .
c.
S t i c k t o p r o b le m .
d.
E x p ress y o u r s e lf c l e a r l y .
e.
A d here t o a c c e p t e d E n g l i s h fo rm .
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
B l e y e r , W. G .: tiv itie s.
How t o W r ite S p e c i a l F e a t u r e Ac
H oughton M i f f l i n Company, B o s to n , 1920.
( E s p e c i a l l y good f o r t h e b e g i n n e r i n j o u r n a l i s m . ) b.
G od d ard , M .:
A m eric an E n g l i s h .
J . B. L i p p i n c o t t
and Company, C h ic a g o , 1939, PP* 17-30* C.
ACTIVITIES:
P r o j e c t s t o g u id e you i n y o u r c o n s t r u c t i o n
of a school p a p e r. 1 . " WRITING MEWS: a.
W r ite t h e f o l l o w i n g news a r t i c l e s ,
An an no u n cem en t o f : (1)
A p l a y t o be g iv e n by t h e D ra m a tic C lu b .
(2 )
Borne new b o o k s t h a t h a v e b e e n a d d e d t o th e lib ra ry .
(3 ) b.
A c l a s s m a t e who h as won a p r i z e .
A f e a t u r e s t o r y u s i n g one o f t h e f o l l o w i n g su b je c ts : (1 )
An a c c o u n t
of
a
gam e.
(2 )
U nusual h o b b ie s.
(3)
M is ta k e s i n t h e fo o d s o r c l o t h i n g c l a s s .
(M-)
O v e rh e a rd i n t h e c a f e t e r i a .
(5)
An i n t e r v i e w w i t h a s t u d e n t o r t e a c h e r who has tra v e le d .
c.
A r e v i e w o f a b oo k you have r e a d , a m ovie you a t t e n d e d , o r a n i n t e r e s t i n g r a d i o p r o g ra m .
D.
EVALUATION:
Some o f t h e e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s t h a t may
b e em ployed i n r e l a t i o n t o y o u r s k i l l i n w r i t i n g news sto rie s. 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P u t an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r t r u e
or f a ls e . T a.
F
( j ( ) The l e a d s h o u ld t e l l who, w h a t, when, w h ere, and why.
b . ( )(
) The f e a t u r e s t o r y s h o u ld b e b a s e d on f a c t s .
c. ( )(
) The h e a d l i n e s h o u l d g i v e t h e m ain th o u g h t of th e s to r y .
72 T d.
F
( )(
) When w r i t i n g f o r t h e p a p e r you s h o u ld a l ways toe s e r i o u s .
e.
(')(
) You s h o u l d n e v e r u s e s l a n g when w r i t i n g f o r th e p a p e r.
2.
BEST ANSWER!
P l a c e t h e numtoer o f t h e to est a n s w e r i n
th e p a re n th e s e s .
3*
RATING- SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich
you q u a l i f y . a.
( ) Lead an sw e re d q u e s t i o n s who, w h at, when, w h e r e , an d why.
b.
( ) The f i r s t p a r a g r a p h sum m arized s t o r y .
c.
( ) R u le s o f a c c u r a c y , b r e v i t y , an d c l a r i t y ob serv ed .
d.
( ) A v o id e d e x p r e s s i n g own o p i n i o n .
e.
( ) A v o id e d e x a g g e r a t i o n .
f.
( ) P u t most i m p o r t a n t p o i n t s f i r s t .
g.
( ) P u t l e a s t im p o rta n t p o in ts l a s t .
(
) T o ta l.
73 CHAPTER 1 5 .
THE DUMMY
HOW TO PLAN THE MAKE-UP A.
MOTIVATION:
Rewards f o r p l a n n i n g y o u r p a p e r .
1.
EASIER WORK:
W e ll p l a n n e d work makes an y Job e a s i e r *
2.
MENTAL SECURITY:
Freedom fro m w o rry r e s u l t s fro m
know ing w hat you a r e d o i n g . 3*
SUCCESS AS A WRITER:
P la n n in g th e job a s s u r e s you
s u c c e s s in w r it in g th e p a p e r. B.
DIRECTIONS:
D i r e c t i o n s f o r h e l p i n g you p l a n a n d o r g a n i z e
your school p a p e r. 1.
THE DUMMY:
How t o make a ro u g h d r a f t .
a.
O u t l i n e p a g e s t h e e x a c t s i z e of p a p e r .
b.
Number p a g e s .
c.
Draw o f f d ia g ra m o f c o lu m n s.
d.
D e s i g n a t e p a g e s and p o s i t i o n o f e a c h p i c t u r e .
e.
D e s i g n a t e p a g e s an d p o s i t i o n s of e a c h a d v e r t i s e m e n t.
f. 2.
D ra ft ev ery d e t a i l c a r e f u l l y .
PROOF READING-:
How t o p r o o f - c o r r e c t t h e p a p e r .
a.
Read p r o o f word f o r w o rd .
b.
C o rre c t a l l m ista k e s i n s p e l l i n g , p u n c tu a tio n , d i c t i o n , and m e a n in g .
c.
Read p r o o f a l o u d .
(T h is a id s in c a tc h in g e r r o r s
i n sen se a s w e ll as ty p o g r a p h ic a l e r r o r s . )
d.
Compare w ith c o p i e s a l l nam es, f i g u r e s ,
ta b le s,
o r su m m a rie s. e.
Make m arks c l e a r .
f.
N ev er c r o s s o u t a word t o be c h a n g e d .
In d ic a te
t h e c o r r e c t i o n on t h e m a r g in . g.
I f n e c e s s a r y t o c u t o u t a w ord, f i l l i n w i t h o t h e r s o f t h e same l e n g t h .
h.
Read p r o o f s a c c u r a t e l y .
FRONT PAGE:
How t o a r r a n g e s t o r i e s i n colum ns and
pages. a.
P l a c e l a r g e r s t o r i e s i n f i r s t an d l a s t colum ns an d i n t h e m id d le o f p a g e .
b.
F la n k lo n g s t o r i e s by s h o r t s t o r i e s w i t h s m a l l e r heads.
c.
(P ro m in e n c e i s s e c u r e d i n t h i s w ay .)
F i l l odd s p a c e s w i t h one p a r a g r a p h s t o r i e s .
Let
make-up " f i l l e r " b e news d e s i g n e d t o i n t e r e s t read ers. ADVERTISEMENTS:
How t o a r r a n g e t h e " a d s . "
a.
A void t o o many k i n d s o f t y p e .
b.
Employ some s e r i e s ,
c.
P la c e l a r g e r d i s p l a y s a t b o tto m .
d.
P l a c e s m a l l e r a d v e r t i s e m e n t s a l o n g s i d e and
i f p o ssib le .
ab o v e l a r g e r d i s p l a y s . SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER: fo rm a tio n .
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
a.
S am p les o f n e w s p a p e r s .
b.
S am ples o f m a g a z i n e s .
c.
G oddard, M.:
A m eric an E n g l i s h . J . B.
L ip p in -
c o t t a n d Company, C h ic a g o , 1 9 3 9 >PP* 1 2 - 1 ^ . D.
EVALUATION:
Some c h e c k - u p s on y o u r a r t o f w r i t i n g news
sto rie s. 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r
tim e o r f a l s e . T a.
( )(
F ) You s h o u l d make a c o m p le te d r a f t o f p a p e r b e f o r e se n d in g i t to p r e s s .
b . ( )(
) L arg e s t o r i e s s h o u l d be p l a c e d o n l y i n m id d le o f p a p e r .
c . ( )(
) You s h o u ld p l a c e a l l a d v e r t i s e m e n t s t o g eth e r.
d . ( ) ( ) You s h o u ld p l a c e one p a r a g r a p h s t o r i e s i n t h e m id d le c o lu m n s. 2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r
in th e p a r e n th e s e s .
3*
R A TIN G SCALE:
P la c e a n X i n
e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ic h
you q u a l i f y . a.
( ) T itle
is
a p p r o p ria te .
b.
( ) A p p e a ra n c e
c.
( ) Illu s tr a tio n s
is
n e a t. a re
a ttr a c tiv e .
76 d.
(
) M a n u s c r ip t i s
e.
(
)
f.
(
) S u b je c t m a tt e r i s
C o m p o s it io n
is
good. o r ig in a l. w e l l o r g a n iz e d
p o in t. g. (
(
)
C h o ic e
)
T o ta l.
o f w o rd s i s
e x c e lle n t.
and t o
th e
77 CHAPTER 1 6 .
PEN AND INK
HOW TO PUBLISH YOUR SCHOOL PAPER A.
MOTIVATION:
Rew ards w h ich you may e x p e c t i f you l e a r n
to p u b lis h I n te r e s tin g sch o o l p a p e r s . 1.
PUBLIC RELATIONS:
Good a c h o o l p a p e r s p ro m o te good
p u b lic r e l a t i o n s . 2.
MORE READERS:
I f th e pap er is i n t e r e s t i n g ,
more
p eo p le w i l l re a d i t . 3-
MORE FINANCES:
P e o p le w i l l buy p a p e r s t h a t a r e
w o rth w h ile . B.
DIRECTIONS:
G u id in g p r i n c i p l e s an d t e c h n i q u e s f o r pub
lis h in g your school p a p e r. 1.
How t o make p l a n s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n ,
P L A N N IN G :
a.
D e c id e w i t h g ro u p t h e f o l l o w i n g i s s u e s : (1)
How o f t e n t h e p a p e r w i l l b e i s s u e d .
(2 )
What s e c t i o n s you w i l l i n c l u d e .
(3 )
Who w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t p a rts.
2.
PP* 1 7 3 -1 9 2 . C.
ACTIVITIES:
Some p r o . l e c t s t h a t w i l l h e l p you im p ro v e
y o u r te c h n iq u e of u s in g th e d i c t i o n a r y . 1.
MEANING:
Choose d i f f i c u l t w ords fro m l i t e r a t u r e
sto rie s,
s o c i a l s c i e n c e , h i s t o r y , and m a th e m a tic s
and lo o k up m e an in g , p r o n u n c i a t i o n , a n d s y l l a b i c a tio n . 2.
USAGE:
W r ite s e n t e n c e s u s i n g e a c h word t h e number
of tim e s i n d i c a t e d . a.
P aper (2 ).
3*
b.
M arch (3 ) •
c.
R ep o rt (3 ) .
d.
Head ( 4 ) .
e.
Cure ( 2 ) .
ALPHABETIZING-: a.
A rrange a l p h a b e t i c a l l y th e f o llo w in g :
The names o f c o u r s e s you a r e t a k i n g a n d t h e e x t r a c u r r i c u l a r a c t i v i t i e s of th e sc h o o l.
b.
P a th , p a s to r, p assag e, p a ssin g , p a s s p o rt, p a re n t, p a s t e , p a t r i o t , p a th w a y , p a s t .
D.
EVALUATION:
Some c h e c k - u p s w h ich may b e em p lo yed i n r e
l a t i o n t o your s k i l l i n th e u se of th e d i c t i o n a r y . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P l a c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t s p a c e f o r
tru e o r f a l s e . T a.
( )(
F
) You s h o u ld n e v e r thumb t h r o u g h t h e d i c tio n a ry .
b.
( )(
) When l o o k i n g f o r a w ord, you s h o u l d c h e c k g u i d e w o rd s .
c . ( )(
) I f you d o n ' t know t h e m ean in g o f a word, you s h o u ld a s k y o u r t e a c h e r .
d.
( )(
) I f you c a n ' t s p e l l a w ord, you s h o u l d l o o k i t up.
e.
( )(
) You s h o u l d n e v e r c o n s u l t a d i c t i o n a r y f o r g e o g ra p h ic a l or b io g ra p h ic a l In fo rm a tio n .
BEST ANSWER:
P la c e th e number of th e h e a t answ er
in th e p a r e n th e s e s . a.
( ) When i n d o u b t a b o u t t h e m eaning t o c h o o se you s h o u l d : rig h t. (3 )
(1 ) S e l e c t t h e one t h a t so u nd s
(2) S e l e c t t h e f i r s t one l i s t e d .
N ev er c o n s i d e r p a r t o f s p e e c h .
l e c t t h e one t h a t f i t s RATING- SCALE: you q u a l i f y .
(4-) Se
th e se n te n c e .
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich
S9 CHAPTER 1 9 .
BROWSING
HOW TO USE THE LIBRARY A.
MOTIVATION:
R ew ards t h a t may tie y o u r s I f you u se th e
lib ra ry p ro p e rly * 1.
MORE KNOWLEDGE:
2.
BETTER GRADES:
You w i l l b r o a d e n y o u r s c o p e . You w i l l be a b l e t o do b e t t e r work
in a l l of your co u rse s. 3.
B.
FEWER WRINKLES:
DIRECTIONS:
Yo u w i l l
en co u n ter
le ss
w orry.
H e l p f u l h i n t s on d e v e l o p i n g y o u r s k i l l i n
th e use o f th e l i b r a r y . 1.
DEPORTMENT:
How t o be c o u r t e o u s t o y o u r s c h o o l m a t e s .
a.
Do n o t t a l k .
Be c o n s i d e r a t e o f o t h e r s .
b.
A v o id k e e p in g u n n e c e s s a r y n o i s e w i t h p a p e r , books, o r o th e r s u p p lie s .
2.
c.
Avoid, t a k i n g o u t more b o o k s t h a n you c a n u s e .
d.
R e tu r n b o o k s p r o m p t l y .
CARD CATALOGUE:
How t o l o c a t e b o o k s i n c a r d c a t a
lo g u e .
3»
a.
Check t i t l e
b.
Check a u t h o r c a r d .
c.
Check s u b j e c t c a r d .
CALL NUMBERS: a.
card .
How t o l o c a t e b o o k s on t h e s h e l v e s ,
Check t h e p i g e o n h o l e s . (1)
0 0 0 -0 0 9
G e n e r a l W orks.
(2)
100-199
P h ilo so p h y .
(3)
200-299
R e lig io n .
(*0
300-399
S o c i a l S c ie n c e
(5)
4-00-4-99
L an g u a g e .
(6)
500-599
S c ie n c e .
(7)
6oo-699
U seful A rts.
(S)
7 0 0 -7 9 9
F in e A r t s .
(9)
goo-399
L ite ra tu re .
(10)
900-999
H isto ry .
G-ENERAL INFORMATION: a.
How t o u s e t h e b oo k .
Check t i t l e p a g e f o r c o m p le te t i t l e ,
a u t h o r 's
name, t h e p l a c e o f p u b l i c a t i o n , and t h e pu b l i s h e r ' s name. b.
Check n e x t p ag e f o r c o p y r i g h t .
( T h is i s n o t
a lw a y s t h e d a t e b oo k was p r i n t e d . ) c.
Read p r e f a c e f o r a u t h o r ' s p u r p o s e .
d.
Check t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s f o r t i t l e s
e.
Check i n d e x f o r p a g e s o f t o p i c s and s u b h e a d s .
of c h a p te rs.
(T h e se a r e a r r a n g e d a l p h a b e t i c a l l y . ) REFERENCE: a.
How t o f i n d r e f e r e n c e s .
Look i n s p e c i a l s e c t i o n o f r e a d i n g room f o r s u c h r e f e r e n c e s a s D i c t i o n a r i e s , E n c y c l o p e d i a s , and W orld A lm a n a c s.
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER: fo rm a tio n .
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
a.
B a r n w e ll, R. W.:
E x p re ssin g I d e a s .
D. C. H e a th
an d Company, B o s to n , 19^0, p p . 1 4 4 - 1^ 7 . t>.
T re ssle r, J .
C .:
E n g lish in A c tio n .
D. C. H e a th
an d Company, B o s to n , 195 0, PP* 1 2 8 - 1 ^ 0 . o.
C o n su lt l i b r a r i a n ,
d.
V i s i t c o l l e g e and p u b l i c l i b r a r i e s .
e*
The L i b r a r y .
(An i n t e r e s t i n g f i l m e x p l a i n i n g
a n d show ing d e m o n s t r a t i o n s o f l i b r a r y t e c h n i q u e s . ) C.
ACTIVITIES:
S u g g e s te d p r o . i e o t s t o h e l p you m a s t e r t h e
a r t of u sin g th e l i b r a r y . 1.
2.
3.
CLASSIFYING:
Make c a r d s f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g b o o k s :
a.
The Old T e s ta m e n t.
b.
E n g lis h in A c tio n .
c.
A m eric an P a i n t i n g .
d.
Book o f A i r p l a n e s .
e.
Modern A m erican P l a y s .
READING:
R e p o r t on t h e f o l l o w i n g b o o k s i n c l a s s .
a.
H e id i.
b.
L i t t l e Women.
c.
L i t t l e Men.
d.
R o b in s o n C r u s o e .
e.
Moby D ic k .
f.
The Y e a r l i n g .
WRITING: a.
W r ite a r e p o r t on one o f t h e s e s u b j e c t s ,
How t o make a h o o k e d r u g .
D.
b.
How t o
p re v e n tf i r e s .
c.
How t o
rep o rt a f ir e .
d.
How t o
cook i n camp.
e.
How t o
make an a i r p l a n e .
EVALUATION:
Some e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t s w h ich may be
em ployed I n r e l a t i o n t o y o u r l i b r a r y t e c h n i q u e s . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X in th e c o r r e c t space f o r
tru e o r f a l s e .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e num ber o f t h e b e s t a n s w e r
in th e p a r e n th e s e s . a.
( ) The b e s t way t o f i n d a b o o k i n t h e l i b r a r y i s to :
(1) Ask a f r i e n d .
b ra ria n . (4-)
b.
(2) A sk t h e l i
( 3 ) C o n s u lt t h e c a r d c a t a l o g u e .
Look i n t h e s t a c k s .
( ) To f i n d a c h a p t e r i n a b o o k you s h o u l d : Look i n t h e i n d e x . c o n te n ts.
(l)
(2 ) Check t h e t a b l e o f
(3 ) Read t h e p r e f a c e .
( ^ ) Look
in th e g lo s s a ry . c.
( ) To f i n d i n f o r m a t i o n on how t o c o n s t r u c t an a i r p l a n e you s h o u l d r e a d : A m e r ic a .
(2 ) C u r r e n t B i o g r a p h y .
c lo p e d ia B rita n n ic a . L in d b e r g h .
(1 ) W ho's Who i n (3 )
Ency
(H-) The L i f e o f C h a r l e s
d.
( ) To f i n d a te rra i n a r e f e r e n c e bo o k q u i c k l y you s h o u l d : (2 )
(1 ) Check t h e R e a d e r ’ s G u id e. Check t h e g u id e w o rd.
cro ss referen ce . RATING SCALE:
( 3 ) Check th e
(*0 Thumb t h r o u g h t h e p a g e s .
P l a c e an X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ich
you q u a l i f y . a.
(
E n te re d l i b r a r y q u i e t l y .
b.
(
Was c o u r t e o u s t o l i b r a r i a n .
c.
(
A v o id e d k e e p in g n o i s e w i t h p a p e r s o r b o o k s,
d.
(
N ev e r t a l k e d l o u d l y .
e. (
H an d le d b o o k s w i t h c a r e .
(
T o ta l.
9^ CHAPTER 2 0 .
PAPER ASSIGNMENTS
HOW TO DO YOUR WRITTEN WORK A.
MOTIVATION:
Rew ards w h ich you may a c h i e v e I f you l e a r n
t o d o good w r i t t e n w o rk . 1.
BETTER GRADES:
I f you a r e a c c u r a t e an d n e a t w i t h
y o u r w r i t t e n w ork, you w i l l make a n i m p r e s s i o n on th e te a c h e r . 2.
LESS WORRY:
Your l e s s o n w i l l be e a s i e r t o u n d e r
sta n d . MORE LEISURE TIME:
O u t l i n i n g y o u r work s h o r t e n s
y o u r stu d y h o u rs . B.
DIRECTIONS:
S u g g e s t i o n s t h a t w i l l e n a b l e you t o m a s t e r
t h e t e c h n i q u e s o f w r i t t e n w o rk . 1.
THE OUTLINE:
How t o make t h e o u t l i n e f o r a w r i t t e n
work*. a.
J o t down m ain t o p i c s . II,
b.
(Number main t o p i c s I ,
and I I I . )
L i s t s u b - t o p i c s and a r r a n g e u n d e r main t o p i c s . (Number f i r s t s u b - t o p i c s A, B, and C; s e c o n d s u b - t o p i c s 1 , 2 , a n d 3»)
c.
B e g in s u b - t o p i c s A, B, an d C f u r t h e r t o t h e r i g h t t h a n m ain t o p i c s .
d.
C a p i t a l i z e t h e f i r s t word o f e a c h t o p i c .
e.
P l a c e a p e r i o d a f t e r e a c h t o p i c num ber.
♦
f.
N ev e r w r i t e a s i n g l e s u b - t o p i c .
When you d i v i d e ,
you s h o u ld have tw o o r more p a r t s . g.
W r ite a l l t o p i c s o f t h e same r a n k i n s i m i l a r form.
h.
A void o v e r l a p p i n g o f t o p i c s .
i.
C ov er t h e s u b j e c t c o m p l e t e l y .
THE PARAGRAPH•
How t o d e v e lo p t h e p a r a g r a p h .
a.
F o llo w t h e p l a n o f t h e o u t l i n e .
b.
R e s t a t e i n s e n t e n c e form e a c h main t o p i c .
(T h is
is y ou r to p ic s e n te n c e .) c.
D ev e lo p e a c h s u b - t o p i c .
(T h is i s y o u r p ro o f o r
e x p la n a tio n .) d.
Make i d e a s c l e a r .
e.
A void r e f e r e n c e t o p a r t s o f o u t l i n e .
f.
A void e r r o r s i n c a p i t a l i z a t i o n , p u n c t u a t i o n , s p e l l i n g , and gram m ar.
THE COMPOSITION: a.
b.
How t o w r i t e a th e m e.
Be c a r e f u l o f a p p e a r a n c e o f o u t l i n e . (1 )
Use l e g i b l e p e n m a n s h ip .
(2 )
A v o id i n k s p o t s o r e r a s u r e s .
(3 )
Keep m a rg in s e v e n .
(^ )
D iv id e w ords o n ly a t end o f s y l l a b l e s .
(5 )
In d en t each p a ra g ra p h .
L et th o u g h ts f o llo w each o th e r In th e l o g i c a l order.
96 c. 4-.
R e v is e a f t e r a l l c o r r e c t i o n s a r e made.
SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:
Where t o g e t f u r t h e r i n
fo rm a tio n . a.
B a r d w e l l , R. W.:
E x p re ssin g I d e a s .
D. C. H eath
a n d Company, B o s to n , 194-0, PP- 254-, 26 5 * b.
G o dd ard, M .:
A m eric an E n g l i s h .
J . B. L ip p in -
c o t t Company, C h ic a g o , 1939, PP* 235-24-9* C.
ACTIVITIES:
P r o j e c t s t o a i d you i n d o in g y o u r w r i t t e n
w o rk . 1.
2.
OUTLINING:
W r ite a n o u t l i n e f o r t h e s e t o p i c s :
a.
F ire p re v e n tio n .
b.
S o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n i n my d i s t r i c t .
c.
The m ovie h a b i t .
d.
Good m anners i n t h e c l a s s r o o m .
e.
How t o s t u d y .
WRITING:
W r ite a s h o r t c o m p o s iti o n on t h e p r e c e d i n g
su b je c ts . 3*
EDITING:
Exchange w ork w i t h y o u r n e i g h b o r an d e d i t
it. D.
EVALUATION:
Sam ples o f c h e c k - u p s w hich may be a p p l i e d
t o y o u r w r i t t e n work p r a c t i c e s . 1.
TRUE-FALSE:
P la c e an X i n th e c o r r e c t sp a ce f o r
tru e or fa ls e . T a.
( )(
F ) You s h o u ld make a d e t a i l e d o u t l i n e .
97 T b.
( )(
F ) I t i s b e s t t o have more t h a n one s u b - t o p i c u n d e r e a c h m ain t o p i c .
c•
) T o p ic s s h o u l d be a r r a n g e d i n tim e se q u e n c e .
d.
) You s h o u l d have a l a r g e num ber o f s u b to p ic s in your o u tlin e .
e.
) A good r e p o r t w i l l se ld o m s t i c k t o th e su b je c t.
f.
) You s h o u ld l e t e a c h p a r a g r a p h f o l l o w th e p r e c e d i n g one l o g i c a l l y . ) I d e a s s h o u l d have no s p e c i a l p l a c e a c c o r d in g t o im p o rta n c e .
2.
BEST ANSWER:
P l a c e t h e number o f t h e b e s t an sw e r
in th e p a r e n th e s e s .
RATING- SCALE:
P l a c e a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w hich
you q u a l i f y . a
(
R ep o rt aro u se d i n t e r e s t .
b. (
P lu n g e d i n t o s u b j e c t w i t h o u t d e l a y .
c.
S tu c k t o s u b j e c t c l o s e l y .
(
a. (
F o llo w e d o u t l i n e .
e• (
E x t r a sp a c e g i v e n t o i m p o r t a n t i d e a s .
f.
Used e x a m p le s , i l l u s t r a t i o n s ,
(
ta ils ,
s p e c if ic de
a n d p i c t u r e m aking e x p r e s s i o n s t o
make m eaning c l e a r .
9S g . ( ) Had a l l p u n c t u a t i o n s an d c a p i t a l i z a t i o n s c o r re c t. h . ( ) Had a l l w ords s p e l l e d c o r r e c t l y . i. (
( ) Had no g r a m m a tic a l e r r o r s . ) T o ta l.
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t 0*1 d e
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/University of Southern CaHfOTMla
D. C. H e a th and