The North of Britannia and the North-West of Hispania: An Epigraphic Comparison 9780860546023, 9781407347578

Table of contents :
Cover Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Abbreviations:
Aknowledgements
Dedication
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE.
CHAPTER 2. GENERAL VIEW OF THE EPIGRAPHY ACCORDING TO THE SETTLEMENT PATTERN.
CONCLUSIONS
CATALOGUE
CATALOGUE 1: NORTH WEST OF HISPANIA
CATALOGUE 2: NORTH OF BRITANNIA
GAZETTEER: Spanish place-names mentioned in the text 
GAZETTEER: English place-names mentioned in the text
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Citation preview

The North of Britannia and the North-West of Hispania An E pigraphic Comparison

Adela Cepas

BAR International Series 470 1989

B.A.R. 122 Banbury Rd, Oxford, OX2 7BP, UK

GENERAL EDITORS A.R. Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil. D.R. Walker, M.A.

BAR -S470, 1989: 'The Iorth of Britannia and the Iorth-Vest of Hispania'

©

Adela Cepas, 1989

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher.

ISBN 9780860546023 paperback ISBN 9781407347578 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860546023 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

CONTENTS

Aknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1 : Analysis of the evidence Chapter 2 : General view of the epigraphy according to the settlement pattern Conclusions Catalogue Catalogue Gazetteer:

1 : 2 :

North West of Hispania North of Britannia

Spanish place-names English place-names

B ibliography

iv V 1 4 3 8 5 4 60 1 16 1 69 1 71 1 72

Abbreviations:

AA = AEArq = AJPh = AP BA BIDEA BRIT = CEG = CIL = EMP = ERA = HA = IRP JRS = RIB = TAE = YAJ =

Archaeologia Aeliana Archivo Espaf iol de Arqueologia American Journal of Philology 0 Archeologo Portugues Bracara Augusta Boletin del Instituto de Estudios Asturianos Britannia Cuaderno de Estudios Gallegos Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum El Museo de Pontevedra Inscripciones Romanas de Asturias Historia Antigua Inscripciones Romanas de Pontevedra Journal of Roman Studies Roman Inscriptions of Britain Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia Yorkshire Archaelogical Journal

iv

Aknowledgements This work represents the revision of my M . Phil. thesis submitted in summer 1 988 at the University of Bradford. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Rick Jones, who supervised this thesis and undertook the trouble not only of reading and commenting on earlier drafts but correcting my english.

V

INTRODUCTION

I t i s a broadly held opinion that epigraphy and Romanization are p arallel phenomena. To put the same point another way, i nscriptions are usually taken by s cholars a s a s ign of Romanization. As a matter of f act, epigraphy consistently appears i n p laces which were controlled directly by Rome a nd subjected to her power and i nfluence. The f act of writing s ome statements on stone had not been done before i n e ither of the two z ones that we are going to deal with i n this work: North of Britannia and North West of H ispania. At l east, so f ar there i s no evidence whatsoever that the u populin, who i nhabited these areas had ever had a written l anguage. However, f rom the conquest onwards natives, or at l east, some of them l earnt how to write s ome particular f acts and they did i t i n Latin. They were both non-Roman areas conquered and dominated by Rome and they have i n common that they were both peripheral parts of the empire and i n both the Roman army remained a c onstant f orce throughout the period. This military presence was of a different nature in each area, but i t remained constant. Besides that, the n populin who i nhabited both areas are generally thought to have been relatively backward and underveloped compared to the people of the southern areas of both provinces ( Strabo,III,7,8; Frere,1978:71) Instead of considering i nscriptions as an i solated f eature of Roman i nfluence, we will approach epigraphy concentrating on two aspects: who set up i nscriptions and where. Apart f rom the i nformation that epigraphy can produce f rom the l inguistic, demographic, religious, or prosopographic points of view, i t a lso has a direct bearing on the type of s ettlement existing i n Roman times.

Approach to the epigraphy

I have relied on published readings. For Britain, Collingwood and Wrigh's The Roman Inscriptions of Britain ( RIB) has been used ( 1965). It contains a ll the i nscriptions f ound i n Britain up to 1 954. From that date onwards I have used subsequent publications i n the Journal of Roman Studies ( up to 1 969) and Britannia ( from 1 970 to 1 986). For H ispania, the two volumes of the Corpus Inscriptionum L atinarum ( CIL ) and Ephemeris Epigraphica ( EE v . VIII,IX) are still the main s ource. New readings and epigraphical d iscoveries are s cattered throught provincial and l ocal repertoires and journals ( see bibliography) Only funerary and votive i nscriptions have been used and f or two main reasons. F irst, the bulk of the L atin epigraphy f alls i nto these two groups. Secondly, apart from milestones and building s tones, which are so f requent i n Britain especially a long Hadrian's Wall, i t can be s aid that most of t he epigraphy of the North of Britain i s made 1

up of a ltars and tombstones. I n order to work with the s ame kind of material i n both areas, I have taken the s ame evidence from the epigraphy of H ispania. Graffiti have been excluded f rom both areas because there i s no Corpus available i n e ither of them. No a ttempt has been made to date undated i nscriptions, which are the majority. All material has been d ivided i n f our groups i n order to separate as f ar as possible the Roman environment f rom the native so as to define the s ocial s tatus of the commemorator or the commemorated person i n the case of the f unerary i nscriptions. Group A : under this heading has been grouped the population directly related to the army or the administration, whether provincial o r local. Any member of the army, i rrespective of their r ank, as well as members of the administration f rom the l ower t o the top l evel a long with members of religious or f unerary colleges and f inally any person related to them f all i nto this group. This group may be called the official epigraphy. Group B i ncludes what could be considered civil population. The term i s confusing and can l ead to error. I have regarded as c ivil every person, whether native or f oreigner, not connected with the Roman administrative or military system. In other words this group i s made up of shadowy f igures, who have r ecorded n othing but their names and age of death. I s tart f rom the a ssumption that when the commemorator does not tell anything about his or her status, i n principle he or she must belong to this group. This has to be an a ssumption, not a f act. This division can cause errors, but i t has been used a s a s tart point to separate two different environments. In consequence any conclusion only represents an attempt of explanation and one among the possible hypotheses. Group C covers a ll the i nscriptions which are l acking of commemorator; that i s with no s pecific commemorator expressed. Finally Group D i s f ormed by inscriptions too f ragmentary, i llegible or ambiguous i n meaning to know anything certain about their commemorators, but they can be i dentified as votive or f unererary. For a better understanding of how inscriptions have been organized f ive types of diagrams have been used. The f irst gives the total amount of i nscriptions of the part concerned divided i n votive and f unerary i nscriptions. The s econd presents again the whole evidence s plit i n the population groups a lready explained. F inally the three remaining analyse separately the epigraphy of groups A , B and C with a subdivision of the different deities worshipped i n each group. Each one will be i ntroduced with the name of the area referred to. The f igures are s ituated by the s ide of each entry. They are given i n absolute numbers f ollowed by the percentage i n brackets. 2

All the e pigraphical a ppendix, and i n the main the numbers given there.

material i s collected text r eference will be

3

i n the made to

CHAPTER

I .

ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE.

NORTH WEST OF HISPANIA

Gallaecia and Asturia, zones which are situated to the North West of Hispania, were i nhabited in Roman times by the Gallaeci and Astures respectively. Presently the area i s split into eleven provinces between Portugal and Spain : Seven in Spain ( La Coruha, Lugo, Orense, Pontevedra, Asturias, Leön and the North of Z amora) and four i n the North of Portugal ( Minho, Douro Litoral, Träs-os-Montes and Alto Douro). The Douro River f orms i ts Souther limit. These two regions were always treated by Rome as an administrative whole, although it was not until Diocletian's reign that the concept of Gallaecia as an administrative unit came into existence ( A. Tranoy, 1 981:392). After the conquest, i n 1 9 BC. Augustus i ncluded the area of Gallaecia and Asturia in the province of Lusitania, but by the beginning of the 1 st century AD, they were attached to Hispania Citerior or Tarraconensis where they were to remain until the beginning of the 3rd century. With the creation . of the new province, Hispania Nova Citerior Antoniniana, Caracalla grouped in this area the territory of Gallaeci and Astures a long with that of the Cantabri. Whether this reorganization lasted only during his reign or went down to Diocletian i s not known for certain. During Diocletian's reign, the last reform concerning the North West took place. Under the name of Gallaecia i t became one of the seven provinces wherein the Diocesis of Hispania were divided ( M. Pastor, 1 977:70 ff; N . Mackie, 1 983:8 ff). For purposes of jurisdiction the provinces of Hispania were grouped in Conventus. Hispania C iterior was split into seven Conventus, the names of which are given by P liny ( NH,III, 2 4). The North West covers three of the seven Conventus : Lucensis, Asturum and Bracarum. The date of the creation of the Conventus i s an i ssue about which scholars do not seem to agree. Whether i t was carried out under Augustus ( J. Mangas, 1 986:56), C laudius ( Albertini, 1 923:54) or during the F lavians i s not known for certain ( R. Ettienne, 1 958:185-9 followed by J . Lomas, 1 975:148; M . Pastor, 1979: 76-83 and A . Tranoy, 1 981: 295-308). Nevertheless the date of their f oundation does not concern us here so much as the area belonging to each one. In order to i llustrate the nature and the geographical distribution of the epigraphy of each Conventus, every f ind spot has been plotted on a map ( map 1 ). Therefore the boundaries of Conventus have had to be drawn. As f ar as the l imits are concerned, there have been several works dealing with them based on the texts of P liny and Ptolemy as main sources. Nevertheless the research of C . SänchezAlbornoz remains essential ( 1971:51-100). Since he wrote several changes have been made on the l ight of new epigraphical discoveries and l inguistic studies. Also an 4

attempt has been made to use the text of milestones i n order to prove a change of Conventus according to the variations shown on the milestones belonging to the same road and emperor ( M. D. Estefania, 1 958:51-57). Although there i s not a c lear-cut notion about the l imits of Conventus, there i s a general agreement on the major geographical divisions of each one. The boundaries drawn i n the map are those established by A . Tranoy ( 1981:53 f f; and a lso f or bibliography about the subject). His work i s the l atest published on the i ssue. He makes s everal modifications to all the previous research and set s lightly different boundaries to those f ixed by C . SänchezAlbornoz. In the following pages the epigraphy of each Conventus will be described separately and the nature of the type of the inscriptions set up by each group of population will be discussed.

CONVENTUS

ASTURUM

The Astures were divided in two sectors, situated on e ither s ide of the Cantabric mountains : to the South of it l ay the Augustani and to the North the Transmontani ( Pliny N . H.III, 2 8). Diagrams 3 and 4 show the overall picture of the types of epigraphy of the Conventus in which funerary insc ri ptio ns and civil population predominate. Approximately three quarters of the epigraphy are tombstones, the remaining quarter being altars. These data are valid f or both Augustani and Transmontani sectors. Group A

( diagram 5 )

Under this group has been assembled what could be considered the official epigraphy : i nscriptions set up by the army on the one hand and by the provincial and local administration and bureaucracy on the other ( 1). Diagram 5 shows a similar ratio of votive and funerary i nscriptions. The most numerous group represented i s the army, which covers military units as well as high and low rank soldiers. The provincial administration i s represented by governors, procuratores and flamines of the Tarraconensis province. Finally the local administration covering local magistrates, imperial freedmen and members of religious and f unerary colleges. As f or the army, i t i s worth noting that there i s a difference as f ar as the type of i nscriptions i s concerned ; while a ltars are mainly dedicated by military units, l egionary commanders and high rank officers, most of the tombstones are set up to lower-rank soldiers. In

the

i nscriptions

dedicated 5

by

the

provincial

administration there i s a lso a difference according to the commemorator. Altars are set up by governors and procuratores ( 2), but tombstones are mainly dedicated to f lamines and f laminicae of the Tarraconensis, who were born in the province ( 3). The exceptions are two tombstones commemorating procuratores' relatives ( 4). Representatives of local magistracies, members of funerary and religious colleges a long with imperial s laves and freedmen stand lower i n the scale ( 5). There are only two altars in this last sector : one s et up to a native god by the Civitas of Asturica through i ts magistrates ( Cat. no. 2 30) and another by an imperial freedman ( Cat. no. 1 50). The rest are tombstones, dedicated to and by members of the imperial bureaucracy and o f local funerary and religious colleges. The epigraphy of group A points out two different trends. The highest level such as governors, high-ranking soldiers and procuratores did generally set up votive inscriptions mainly because they did not usually die in the place where they were posted. There are only two tombstones, discussed above, belonging to this top level sector, wherein procuratores commemorate the death of their wives ( 6). On the other hand tombstones are to be found predominantly among those who are lower in the social scale and who are probably natives of the province whether born i n the Conventus Asturum or not. It seems that, at least as f ar as the Conventus Asturum i s concerned, there i s a tendency among the natives to set up epitaphs rather than a ltars. The same f eature will be found in groups B and C . Diagram 5 a lso shows the bulk of deities worshiped by this population group. The imperial cult, a long with GrecoRoman and oriental deities furnish the bulk of the pantheon. As for the imperial cult i t was practised mainly by military units and legati ( 7). It i s therefore an official cult and i t i s not as much a proof of the spread of the imperial cult among the population of the Conventus as the political and religious f ulfilment of the army. There i s no imperial dedication s et up either by civil individuals, local magistrates or c ivitates ( 8) and i t goes neither beyond the

army

nor the

top officialdom

( 9).

Roman and oriental deities make up the bulk of the votive i nscriptions dedicated mostly by high functionaries ( 10) f ollowed f ar behind by common soldiers ( 11). Finally, native gods and classical deities equated to natives are poorl y represented, but with different kind of commemorators ; low ranking soldiers ( 12) and the civitas of Asturica ( 13) worship to i ndigenous gods while a legatus legionis set two i dentical a ltars to the local nymphs ( 14). As for the relationship expressed in soldiers' tombstones two major groups can be made. The f irst reflects f amily relationships and as expected, soldiers of l egio VII Gemina are the most numerous ( 15).The second group shows 6

mainly s oldiers of l egio X Gemina with no commemorator expressed ( 16). The remaining tombstones reflect the f ollowing relationships : heres ( 17), freedmen to patron ( 18) and soldier to soldier(19). Groups

B and

C

( diagrams

6 to

8 )

These two groups deal with civil population. They f orm the anonymous group of the epigraphy and they are by f ar the most numerous. The bulk of the civil epigraphy consists i n tombstones which outnumber overwhelmingly the altars. Group

B : Altars

The majority of them come from rural areas. Astorga, the Conventus capital has not produced any and Leön, the l egionary f ortress, has only yield one, the commemorators o f which are foreigners ( H. G. Pflaum, 1 966:13 ; Cat. no. 2 15). At Cacabelos ( Bergidum F lavium), mansio of the XIX I ter, two have been found ( 20). Although i t i s not possible to f ind out who the dedicators were, i t i s possible to some extent to deduce the level of romanization of individuals according to the personal nomenclature appearing on the inscriptions, where the preservation of them permits i t. The results are shown i n Figure 1 . There i s a clear majority of tria nomina ( 22) and nomen and cognomen holders ( 23). The pre-roman practice of the use of a s ingle name i s f ar behind ( 24); even among the latter, dedicators whose name i s followed by the f ather's name are more numerous than those holding a s ingle name. As f or the deities worshipped, Diagram 6 shows that there i s a s light majority of native gods to Greco-Roman and oriental ( 25), which only affects to the Augustani, being more or less equated among the Transmontani ( 26). Duo nomina holders and local communities ( 27) show no particular predilection f or either Roman or native deities, they worship them both equally. It i s among the one nomen dedicators where native gods are predominant. Groups

B and

C :

tombstones

There i s virtually no difference between tombstones of groups B and C as f ar as the nature of the commemorator i s concerned. The i ndividuals appearing on the inscriptions are in both cases civilians and presumably they are also indigenous. Yet the level of romanization according to the nomenclature of each group i s non uniform. While in group B predominate duo and tria nomina holders ( figure I I, note 2 8), group C shows a majority of individuals holding a s ingle name ( Figure I II, note 2 9). Group C i s spread predominantly in the southern part of the Conventus, f ar from the main communication roads. The deceased do not normally present either indication of origo, or the usual religious i ntroductory f ormula D . M. 7

( 30). There are a f ew i nscriptions f ound which a lso belong to Group C , but most i ndication of origo and the DM f ormula.

a long the X IX Iter of them have both

The only relevant difference between the tombstones of groups B and C i s the presence or absence of a dedicator on them. The latter i s particularly numerous i n the Coventus Asturum. The relationships appearing on tombstones are predominantly of f amily type ( 31).

CONVENTUS

LUCENSIS

The Conventus Lucensis i s s ituated to the North of the Conventus Bracarum and to the West of the Conventus Asturum. Diagrams 9 and 1 0 show the overall picture of the epigraphy of the Conventus. Unlike the C . Asturum there i s s lightly higher ratio of votive to f unerary inscriptions, but it shares the same majority of civil population. Group A The nature of the inscriptions set up by this group i s i llustrated in diagram 1 1. It reflects a majority of votive to funerary inscriptions. Most of the altars are honorific dedications to the Emperor or to his numen; votive inscriptions themselves are in a minority. Like in the C . Asturum, the imperial dedications were set up by governors ( 32), imperial freedmen and s laves ( 33 and soldiers ( 34). The remaining votive inscriptions were dedicated by low-ranking soldiers ( 35). Tombstones are set up to low rank soldiers and to members of the Conventus administration. ( 36). In this group, as on the Conventus Asturum, we f ind the same division between a ltars and tombstones according to a higher or lower rank on the social scale of those setting up inscriptions. Co mpared wi th the conventus Asturum, representation of the official epigraphy i s particularly that of the army i tself. Group

B

( diagram

the poor,

1 2)

The f irst f eature shown i n the diagram i s that in this group votive inscriptions outnumber f unerary. As f ar as the f ormer i s concerned, the pattern of deities reveal a s light majority of Roman gods against natives. The personal nomenclature of i ndividuals appearing on the i nscriptions reflects a majority of tria and duo nomina holders, irrespective of the type of the deity worshipped. The pre-Roman practice of a s ingle name runs f ar behind ( Figure IV and note 3 7). Tombstones

are

i n

a

minority 8

in

this

group.

The

nomenclature of i ndividuals reflects the same pattern as the a ltars: a majority of duo and tria nomina holders ( Fig. V and

note 3 8). As f or the relationship expressed on the tombstones there i s a lso a predominance of f amily relationship within the nuclear f amily ( 39). Group

C

( diagram

1 4)

Tombstones are i n a minority compared with the Conventus Asturum, but they share the same f eatures: a majority of s ingle name holders ( Figure VI, note 4 0), a rural location of the i nscriptions and f inally a scarcity of i ndication of origo.

CONVENTUS BRACARUM ( Diagrams 1 4 and 1 5)

Compared with the Conventus Lucensis, the Bracarum reflects an even stronger predominance inscriptions and civil population.

Conventus of votive

Group A In the same way as in the Conventus Asturum and Lucensis, the tombstones of group A are mostly set up by low rank soldiers ( 41), the exception to this rule being an epitaph to a praefectus of Cohors VI Brittonum a foreigner whose military career developed outside of Hispania ( 42). On the other hand, one tombstone to a priest of the Conventus Bracarum and another to a F laminica PHC ( 43) are the only representations of native members of a religious college. The remaining inscriptions of this group are votive and honorific dedications. Unlike the other two Conventus most of the onscriptions are dedicated by low rank soldiers ( 44). Apart from the army, the rest of the altar's commemorators i s made up of high officials ( 45), members of the imperial cult college ( 46) and f inally by a probable magistrate of Agua F lavia, who dedicated an a ltar to the Concordia of the Municipium ( 47). Honorific i nscriptions are numerous. Nevertheless i t i s not the army the main commemorator as in the C . Asturum or the governors and imperial s laves as i n the C . Lucensis. This group i s dominated by several civitates on the one hand ( 48), by the community of Bracarangustani ( 49) and the ethnic group of Gallaecia on the other ( 50). The l ast mentioned inscriptions were set up to Augustus and to members of his f amily soon after the conquest ( between BC 1 0 and 1 ), when Gallaecia did not technically exist yet. As i t has been pointed out a lready, such inscriptions are not a proof of support f or the imperial cult by the Bracari or the i nhabitants of Gallaecia so much as an example of the way Rome imposed certain obligations on the conquered natives. Taking i nto account the early date of the 9

inscriptions they were presumably set up not by the native themselves, but by Roman authority ( Pereyra Menaut, 1 984:281 ; A . Tranoy, 1 981:150). I t i s worth noting that no honorific dedication by either Gallaeci or Bracari i s to be f ound i n l ater times, when the Roman administration was more settled. What it i s found i nstead are the imperial dedications set up by the Civitates.On the other hand i t i s also possible to argue that these i nscriptions were really set up by the local native authority i tself; since the span of time between the conquest and the date of the inscriptions was long enough to permit a new generation brought up under the new regime, to come into power ( 51). Groups

B and

C

( diagrams

1 7

and

1 8)

Epigraphy of group B shows an overwhelming majority of votive to funerary inscriptions. As f ar as the votive inscriptions i s concerned, Roman deities predominate. Unlike the C . Asturum and Lucensis, there i s a higher ratio of c lassical deities with a native surname. The personal nomenclature appearing on the i nscriptons, both epitaphs and a ltars, shows a balance between single name holders on the one hand and duo and tria nomina holders on the other ( Figures VII-VIII; note 5 2).

on

L ike the other two Conventus the relationships shown the inscriptions are predominantly of f amily type ( 53).

The reveal a stressed IX, note

nomenclature appearing on tombstones of group C majority of single name holders, but not as much as in the Conventus Lucensis and Asturum ( Figure 5 4).

NORTH OF BRITAIN

The area considered in this work was inhabited in Roman times by the Brigantes and Parisi. According to Tacitus ( Agricola 1 7), the Brigantes were the largest tribe in the whole province. Near them were the Parisi ( Ptolemy, 1 1,3,10) Although the boundaries of the Brigantes are not known with certainty it is thought that they covered approximately the present counties of Lancashire, Cumbria, Durham, part of the Dunfries and Galloway and Yorkshire with the exception of the East Riding which was held by the Parisi. The northern l imit of the Brigantes came more or less with the l ine which Hadrian adopted in AD 1 22 for the wall, except i n the West, where i t i s supposed to have divided them , leaving the north part of the tribe cut off from the rest. Its southern boundary came roughly with the Humber-Trent-Mersey line ( Wenham, 1 971:45-51; Frere, 1 978:157). The

relation

between

Rome 1 0

and

the

Brigantes

underwent

s everal stages f rom the early contacts until the actual domination, which was probably achieved by the late 70s. In 8 0 Agricola was campaining i n Scotland. By the 90s the North was brought under f ormal control with regular garrison until the end of the Roman period ( 55). The total number of i nscriptions considered i s that of 9 24. This f igure stands f or all funerary and votive i sncriptions f ound in the North of England, i ncluding Hadrian's Wall. An overall picture can be seen in diagrams 1 9 and 2 0. They show an overwhelming majority of votive inscriptions and of group A population, which in the North of England represents mainly the Roman army. In order to f ind out i f the whole area adhered to the same pattern it was divided into two zones. The f irst of which, shown in diagrams 2 1 and 2 2, includes the l ine of Hadrian' s Wall along with the sites of Corbridge, Chesterholm and Carvoran which are situated next South of the Wall. The second one ( see diagrams 2 3 and 2 4) includes the remaining Brigantian territory as well as the corner s ituated to the North West of the wall ( part of the present Dumfries and Galloway county), which i s thought to have belonged to the Brigantes, on the grounds of one votive i nscription dedicated to the goddess Brigantia f ound at B irrens ( 56). This division i s merely artificial and i t does not correspond to any i nterior tribal l imit. It was made only to ascertain whether there was any difference between a strong military area such as Hadrian's Wall and the area further South which i s supposed to have had a more civil character. Inscriptions f ound i n the two areas have been analysed separately. As f ar as the proportion of votive and funerary inscriptions i s concerned ( diagrams 2 1 and 2 3), they both show a similar proportion, being approximately three quarters votive and the remaining quarter funerary. The s ame ratio i s to be found on diagram 1 9. In the same way, diagrams 2 2 and 2 4 reflect similar data to diagram 2 0. The only difference, and even i t i s a s light one, is that while Hadrian's Wall presents a stronger bias towards group A , which i s military in the main, the rest of the area surveyed, although still keeps a majority of group A , i t has more civil population than Hadrian's Wall. Small as these differences might seem, they are s ignificant since the shift of emphasis from military to c ivil population in the North of England, comes from the Yorkshire area. This will be discussed further later. By and l arge, the general pattern of epigraphy for the North of England could be defined as an overwhelming majority of votive inscriptions and of military population. As the Brigantian territory i s large i t was divided i n turn to see i f all of them corresponded equally to the general model explained above. Five groups were made, each corresponding to the counties of Lancashire, Cumbria, South 1 1

West of Dumfries and Galloway, Yorkshire and Durham. The f irst three lay to the West of the Pennine range and the latter two to its East. Diagrams 2 5 to 3 2 i llustrate the pattern of inscriptions set up by each population group as well as the overall proportion of a ltars and tombstones of each area. It i s apparent that a ll of them with the exception of Yorkshire share the same f eatures: majority of soldiers and votive inscriptions. The area situated to the North West of the Wall, which comprises the military sites of B irrens, Netherby and Bewcastle reflects the presence of soldiers with even more strength than a long the wall i tself. Even Lancashire, a z one f ar away from the military f rontier, shares the s ame pattern. As has been mentioned above Yorkshire i s the only area among the Brigantes whose pattern differs from the rest ( see diagrams 3 3 and 3 4). Although votive inscriptions and military population still prevail, the ratio of epitaphs and civil population i s bigger than everywhere else in the North. As half of the inscriptions comes from York, the overall picture might be biased towards the f ortress and colonia. A new division was made separating the inscriptions of York from the rest. There are roughly as many civilians as soldiers i n both, contrary to the pattern everywhere else in the North. As f ar as the proportion of a ltars to tombstones i s concerned i t i s c lear that only York differs from the remaining s ites in the North. Only York has similar proportion of votive and f unerary inscriptions. As the overall pattern of the epigraphy of the whole area has been established we will examine next the population groups. As said above, the evidence splits i nto two zones, where not only the population groups behave differently, but also the ratio of altars to tombstones varies: these are Yorkshire on the one hand and the rest of the North on the other.

YORKSHIRE ( Diagrams 3 3 to

Group A

( diagram

3 7)

3 5)

The pattern of deities appearing on the votive i nscriptions reflects a majority of Roman gods along with the honorary dedications to the Emperor. There are only f ive inscriptions which are not related to the army, but which concern l ocal magistrates of the Civitas Parisorum ( aediles Vici Petuariensis), York ( where town councillors are mentioned) and members of the imperial bureaucracy ( 57). The

remaining

i nscriptions 1 2

belong

to

the

army.

Most

of

them are set up by high ranking soldiers ( 58) and military units ( 59), coming behind low ranking soldiers ( 60). On the other hand, the majority of the military tombstones are dedicated to low rank soldiers ( 61) and only two veterans ( 62) Magistrates of the Colonia are mentioned i n three tombstones ( 63). The relationships reflected on the tombstones are predominantly of f amily type ( 64), followed by that of unknown commemorator Group

B and

C

( 65).

( diagrams

3 6

and

3 7)

This shows the same ratio of altars to tombstones. The pattern of deities mentioned on the votive inscriptions reflects a balance between c lassical and native deities. The nomenclature of i ndividuals appearing on the i nscriptions of goups B and C i s i llustrated on f igure X . There i s a majority of tria and duo nomina holders above those with a single name ( 66). As for the relationships reflected on the funeray i nscriptions, most of them are of f amily type ( 67). There are no mentions at all of any native social organization beyond the family level. There are only two tombstones in group B mentioning an origo. Both are foreigners ( 68). The f irst comes from the South of Britain, a woman, cives Dobunna ( Cirencester) and the second from Sardinia. Among the tombstones of group C , there i s only one mention of origo, another woman, cives Cornovia ( Wroxeter) ( 69).

NORTH OF BRITAIN EXCEPT YORKSHIRE ( Diagrams 3 8 to 4 2)

Group A This group shares with groups feature: an overwhelming majority tombstones.

B and C the same of altars against

As expected, Greco-Roman and oriental deities a long with honorific dedications to the Emperor furnish the bulk of the pantheon. In spite of the f act that native deities and classical gods equated with natives are in a minority, they are more f requently found among the inscriptions set up by low rank s oldiers, whether i ndividually or in group ( 70). Votive inscriptions are predominantly set up by military units, groups of soldiers on their own under no official inducement and high officers and officials. It was l ess frequent f or a common soldier to erect an a ltar ( 71). On the contrary, i t i s to low rank soldiers or to members of their families and household to whom tombstones are predominantly dedicated ( 72). Most of the family relationships appearing on the tombstones are of f amily type ( 73).

1 3

Groups

B and

C

( diagrams

4 1

and

4 2)

It can be found on both groups the same overwhelming majority of altars against tombstones a lready seen i n group A As for the deities appearing on the votive inscriptions, there i s a majority of native deities which are more stressed in group C . The nomenclature appearing on a ltars and tombstones reveals a s light predominance of s ingle name holders above those with tria nomina and nomen and cognomen holders ( fig. XI and note 7 4). The most tombstones are

frequent relationships of family type ( 75).

1 4

appearing

on

the

NOTES 1 .

2 .

There are three imperial dedications found in the Transmontani territory ( ERA nos. 1 0, 6 3 and 7 3), which have been usually considered non-genuine by scholars. Therefore they all three have been excluded. Recently ERA 6 3 has been included in a paper, but no valid reasons have been alleged. See G . Pereyra and J . Santos BIDEA 1 982, p . 101. Governors : Cat. nos. 6 ,8, 115, 161, 163. Legatus iuridicus : Cat. no. 1 8.

3 .

Procuratores : Cat. nos. Cat. nos. 2 6,27,28,29.

4 .

Cat.

5 .

- Local

nos.

2 4,25.

magistrates

: Cat.

- Members of funerary nos. 1 72,39,40,96. 6 . 7 .

7 ,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 162.

- Imperial See no. 4 .

and

bureaucracy

Cat. nos. 18,

1 15,

1 55,

no.

: Cat. 1 63,

371, 3 72, 3 73, 3 74, 3 75, Cat. no. 1 56 : honorary soldier.

2 30.

religious nos.

2 28,

colleges 1 50

2 29,

and 2 82,

3 76, 3 77, 3 78. inscription set

: Cat.

36. 283,

up

by

309, a

8 .

It has been argued that the imperial cult reached a great diffusion in the Conventus. M . Pastor, H . A. IV, 1 974:223.

9 .

There are three dedications whose commemorators are missing. They all probably belong to the group A since there

is

no

imperial

dedication

set

up

by

civilians

so

far recorded. The date of the inscription from Leön ( Cat. no. 1 55) coincides with the birth of Legio VII Gemina. Cat. no. 2 78 is dedicated to Nerva; too to think of a possible civil dedication. from Cacabelos is unfortunately broken. 1 0.

early a date Cat. no. 116

1 2.

Cat. nos. 6,7,8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 124, 158, 159, 160, 162, 281. Veteran legio VII Gemina: Cat. no. 2 89. Soldiers: Cat. nos. 1 7,318. Cat. nos. 3 28,329.

1 3.

Cat.

no.

1 4.

Cat.

nos.

1 5.

1 8. 1 9.

Cat. no. 3 ( ala Sabininae); nos. 1 9,20,165, 166 ( legio VII Gemina); 21 ( legio II Adiutrix); 3 38 ( ala II Thracum); 1 64, 167 ( no unit expressed). Cat. nos. 3 1,32,33,34,35, 142,279,280 ( legio X Gemina), 93,143 ( no unit expressed). Cat. nos. 2 3 ( ala II Flavia), 3 0 ( legio X Gemina), 1 68 ( legio VII Gemina), 300 ( cohors VII Praetoria). Cat. nos. 1 69 ( ala I I Flavia), 1 70. Cat. no. 2 27 ( cohors I Gallicae).

20. 2 2.

No stated relationship: Cat. nos. 2 2 ( cohors Thracum), 41; 319 ( cohors Symmachiaorum Asturum); 3 87. Cat. nos. 1 17, 118. Tria nomina: Cat. nos. 5,95,99,215,215,237,258,260,290,

1 1.

1 6. 1 7.

2 3.

2 30. 1 53, 154.

3 20,321,322,323. Nomen and cognomen: 317,330,332.

Cat.

1 5

nos.

86,95, 102, 117,307,316,

24.

Single

name:

Cat.

nos.

Cat.

nos.

1 46, 146,333. 118, 133,240, 299,331(name

followed 25.

by

the

father' s

name)

Non-native deities: Totall4(Cat. nos. 95 , 102 215,260,295,316,317,321,322,331,332,384).

, 146

, 213,

Native deities: Total 18 ( Cat. nos. 5, 86,87, 118, 133, 145, 237,240,258,290,299,307,308,320,323,330,333,337). 26.

A .

Transmontani:

Non native deities: Total 4 ( Cat. nos. 146,260,313,317). Native deities: Total 3 ( Cat. nos. 1 45,320,327). 27.

Local

28.

Single

communities: name:

Cat.

Total

67

nos.

87, 145,295,313.

( Cat.

nos.

42, 45,52, 52, 53, 53, 53,

57, 59, 59, 60, 62, 62, 104, 121, 122, 179, 183, 185, 186, 187, 187, 87

, 187,

1 88, 193, 195, 195, 196, 197, 199, 199, 199,211,

211

, 211

, 214

, 214,214

247

, 254

, 262

, 324,334,335,336,336,380,380,381,383,

, 231

, 244

, 245,246,246,246,247,

383,383,383). Single ( Cat.

name

followed

nos.

by

the

father's

name:

Total

20

69, 69, 69, 69, 73, 73, 74,74, 74, 140, 173,204, 245,

247,262,274,296,303,310,310). Single name followed by local

group:

Cat.

nos.

126, 131. Tria

nomina:

Nomen

51,

51,

68,

68,

69,

180, 193, 208, 238, 293, Group

Total

24

cognomen:

49, 1 22,

29.

and

1 26,

54, 70,

1 82,

198,

210, 239,

1 73,

61,

72,

1 74, 201,

46, 63,

97,

1 75,

1 86,

212, 253,

( 46, 6 3,

72,

185,

201, 210, 253,

107

61, 71,

1 84,

198,

209, 238,

54, 71,

1 31,

182,

301,315,391).

Total

97,

1 76,

1 89,

203,

212, 254,

47,

65, 98,

1 76,

190,

206,

213, 265,

48,

214, 291,

48,

67,

100,

67, 121,

1 79,

191,

205,

213, 2 65,

47,

6 4,

180,

1 91,

192,

206,

207,

220, 292,

238, 292,

293,298,298,301,301,303,324,326,326,382,391). C .

Single

name:

Total

1 4

( Cat.

232, 232, 243, 243, 249, 275, Single name followed by the ( Cat.

nos.

1-4,

81,

114,

88,

90,

nos.

83,

89,

217,

3 04, 367, 388, father' s name:

91,

9 2,

93,

105,

232,

388). Total 107,

76

108,

111,

112,

19,

1 28,

1 29,

1 30,

1 34,

1 35,

1 36,

137,

1 38,

1 39,

1 44,

1 47,

235,

234,

2 42,

248,

251,

252,

255, 285,

266,

267,

268,

269,

270,

271,

2 72,

277,

276,

284,

286,

294,

311,

312,

3 39,

340,

3 41,

342,

3 43,

3 44,

345,

346,

3 47,

348,

350,

351,

352,

3 53,

354,

355,

356,

357,

358,

359,

360,

Tria

Nomina:

361, Total

362,

6

363,

( Cat.

364,

365,

366,

3 70).

nos.

79,84, 120, 149,219,

( Cat.

nos.78, 82, 110, 152,

368). Nomen

and

cognomen:

Total

16

216,218,236,250,288,305,349,367,369,379,385,392). 30.

Cat.

nos.

83, 119, 144, 242

and

304

have

origo

indication. 31.

Family

relationship

Conj ugal

family:

Total

35

( Cat.

nos.

50, 52(slave), 53

( slave), 54, 55, 57, 63, 64, 65, 65, 67, 68,72,98, 103, 104, 121, 122, 140, 179, 187, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197,239,247, 292,326,380,381,382). Descending

Nuclear

family:

Total

3 4

( Cat.

nos.

48, 51,

59, 60, 62, 97, 126, 131, 175, 177, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 193, 198, 199, 201, 210, 211,220,231,253, 254,262,291, 293,298,335,246,334). Ascending

Nuclear

family: 16

Total

8

( Cat.

nos.

49, 100,

1 41,181,265,383,391, 53). Siblings: Total 8 ( Cat. 2 43).

nos.

5 3, 61, 69,71,74, 180,243,

Extended f amily: Total 4 ( Cat. nos. 6 9,70,200,201). Other relationships Heres: Total 3 ( Cat. nos. 208,209,238).

3 2. 3 3. 3 4. 35.

Freedman to patron: Total 2 ( Cat. nos. 45,47). Slave-master: Total 2 ( Cat. nos. 2 4,46). Conservi: Total 1 ( Cat. no. 315). No n st a t e d re l a t i o n s h i p: To t a l 18 ( Cat. nos.42,44,43, 174, 188,202,203,204,206,212,213,244, 296,301,303,310,324,336). No commemorator known: Total 1 15 ( see catalogue). Cat. nos. 468,469 set up by the same legatus P . Fabius Maximus. Cat. Cat. Cat.

nos. 4 26,427,428,471. no. 4 72 set up by two nos. 5 40, 566,.

centurions.

There are two more votive inscriptions ( Cat. nos. 5 81 and 5 90), the origin of which is not recorded. They may belong to the Conventus Lucensis as much as to the Conventus Bracarum. We have followed A . Tranoy who inserts them among the epigraphy of the C . Lucensis. Cat. no. 5 81 i s set up by a praefectus Alae II Flavia; this unit was not posted in the C . Lucensis and on the other hand no altars dedicated by high rank soldiers have been f ound in the C . Lucensis. Cat. no. 5 90 is set up by an imperial freedman, a procurator metallorum; nevertheless it is the region of Astorga that has yiel ded most of the procuratorian inscriptions. 36. 3 7.

Soldiers. Cat. nos. 413,414,473,474,475,476. Conventus administration. Cat. nos. 4 78,477. Non native deities Tr i a no m i n a. To t a l 6 (C a t . 403,432,442,482, 570, 589) Duo nomina. Total 1 3 ( Cat. nos. 452,454,480,481,483, 530, 574, 578). Si n g l e na m e. To t a l 411,462, 526,528, 568, 589) Single name followed by the ( Cat. nos. 4 12,394).

no s.

401,407,418,420,425,

7

(C a t .

father's

name.

no s . Total

2

Local community. Cat. no 4 23. Native deities Tria nomina. Cat. nos. 404, 561. Duo no mina. Total 12 (Cat. nos. 433, 448, 467, 489,490,491,492,493, 519, 534, 558, 559). Single name. Total 5 ( Cat. nos. 4 35,465,487, 583, 585). Single name followed by ( Cat. nos. 4 10,488,535). Classical deities equated

3 8.

the with

father's native

name.

Total

3

gods

Tria nomina. Cat. no. 5 84. No deity recorded Duo nomina. Cat. nos. 485, 538. Single name. Cat. nos. 5 36, 536, 565. Duo Nomina. Total 45 ( Cat. nos. 402,405,405,419,419, 34 1, 450, 461, 463, 463, 496, 496 ,497 ,498 ,499 ,499 ,500 , 50 1, 502 ,502, 503 ,50 5, 50 5, 50 7, 508, 50 8, 508, 525, 53 3, 54 3, 543, 54 4, 54 6, 54 8, 54 8, 564, 564, 569, 569, 1 7

571, 572, 572, 573, 577, 577. Tria nomina. 542, 556).

Total

7

( Cat.

nos.

402,431, 498,504, 533,

Single name. Total 1 9 ( Cat. nos. 409,409, 417,417,430, 4 4 0 ,4 9 7 ,5 0 0 ,5 0 3 ,5 07 ,5 3 3 ,5 3 9 ,544 ,545 ,548 ,549 ,549 , 571, 594). Single 39.

name

followed

by

the

f ather's

name.

Total

9

( Cat. nos. 430,461,495,495, 539,545, 546, 556, 573). Family relationships Conj ugal

family.

Total

1 8

( Cat.

nos.

3 95, 402,404,405,

419, 431, 496, 500, 501, 503, 505,508, 539, 546, 548, 572, 573, 569). Ascending

nuclear

family.

Total

4

( Cat.

nos.

548, 544,

543,463). Descending

nuclear

family.

Total

11

( Cat.

nos.

417,

430,497,498, 499, 502, 506, 507,409, 533, 564). Extended Other

family.

Cat.

no.

542.

relationships

Heres. Cat. nos. 495, 571. Conservi. Cat. no. 494. 40.

Duo

nomina.

Total

9

( Cat.

nos.

406, 511, 512, 529, 547,

nos.

395,399,400,408,449,

554-555, 557, 580). Tria

nomina.

Single

Cat.

name.

no.

Total

456.

10

( Cat.

451,453, 527, 567, 579). Single name followed ( Cat.

nos.

41.

Cat.

nos.

42.

Cat.

no.

Tranoy,

by

the

father's

name.

617, 668, 740, 831, 886).

1981:202.

Cat.

nos.

752,753.

44.

Cat.

nos.

869,742, 844, 669, 712,710, 591, 855.

45.

Cat.

nos.

666, 884, 612,774.

46

Cat.

nos.

47.

Cat.

no.

48.

Cat.

nos.

49.

Cat.

nos.

50.

Cat.

no.

Iam

52.

Altars.

671

and

822.

726. 738,781,782,737, 736. 673

and

674.

672.

grateful

to

Group

Dr.

R .

nomina.

Jones.

for

this

point.

B .

Native deities Tria nomina. Total Duo

9

667.

43.

51.

Total

421,424,486, 509, 509,509, 510, 513, 513).

Total

5

( Cat.

1 4

nos.

( Cat.

nos.

854, 835, 727, 694, 678). 920,879, 840,830, 821,

807, 806,799,792,757,748, 701, 679,611). Single

name.

Total

6

( Cat.

nos.

747, 906, 798, 690, 680,

618). Single ( Cat.

name nos.

followed

by

the

f ather's

name.

Total

20

751,750, 805,850, 859,865 „ 871, 841, 789,

718,709, 705, 693, 677, 676, 614, 610,688.741). Local community. Cat. no. 839. Non

native

Single

deities

name.

Total

1 7

( Cat.

nos.

9 25, 905,904, 828,

797,783, 776, 776,766, 759, 699, 685, 681, 622, 609,811,725). Single ( Cat.

name nos.

919, 603) Duo nomina.

followed

by

the

f ather's

778,744, 682, 613, 600 Total

3 2

( Cat.

nos.

name.

( mother' s

Total

8

name), 918,

721,719, 924,916, 887,

875, 863, 853, 838, 836, 827, 824,802, 794,768, 767, 754, 722, 708, 7 06, 696, 695, 686, 684, 683, 623, 615, 608, 599, 818, 1 8

817,725). Tria nomina. Total 602, 616, 885). Local

communities.

8

( Cat.

Cat.

no.

nos.

7 24,816,888,834,716,

761,826.

Classical deities with a native surname or commemorated along with native gods Duo nomina. Total 7 ( Cat. nos. 7 75,795,795, 7 95,810, 847,922). Tria nomina. Total 5 Single name. Total 9 801,886,876,876).

( Cat. nos. 5 97,772,803,880,923). ( Cat. nos. 5 92-593-620-707-784-

Single name followed by the father's ( Cat. nos. 5 95, 697,720,746,760,926). No deity recorded

name.

Total

6

Local communities. Cat. no. 800. Duo nomina. Cat. nos. 605,770. Single 771.

name

Tombstones.

followed Group

by

the

father's

name.

Cat.

no.

B .

Single name followed by the father's name. Total 2 7 ( Cat. nos.729,907,907,829,874,866,894,703, 893, 631, 631, 631, 619, 596, 833, 862, 862, 896,714, 914,914, 628, 629, 629, 860,758,758. Single name. Total 3 8 ( Cat. nos. 6 32,749,749,808, 633, 6 33,874,927,730, 823,823,892,892, 631, 631,900, 598, 596, 790,790,790,899, 899, 899,638, 630,630,793,860, 908, 6 33, 743,769,897,897,900). Duo nomina. Total 4 2 ( Cat. nos. 912,912,804,804, 927,

5 3.

634, 637, 637, 702,823,758,832,832,866,883,883, 641,898, 842, 703, 635, 619, 915, 900, 900,796, 630,864,864, 640, 891, 6 38, 639, 639,743,769,897, 627, 631,896). Tria nomina. Total 8 ( Cat. nos. 04,889, 890, 890,796,864,891,891). Family relationships: Conj ugal family. Total 1 7 ( Cat. nos. 6 33-874-927-634, 6 37-702-730-815-823-832-866-883-894-641-804-912-889). Descending nuclear family. Total 1 6 ( Cat. nos. 5 98, 643-596-627-627-790-833-862-895-896-899-890-636-796804-912). Ascending

nuclear

family.

Total

10

( Cat.

nos.

900-

619- 892-893-635-763-731-842-898-631). Siblings. Total 3 ( Cat. nos. 889-829-808). Extended family. Total 4 ( Cat. nos. 6 32-749-907-729). Other relationships

5 4.

Slave to master. Cat. no. 864. Conservi. Cat. no. 6 38. Hospites. Cat. no. 914. Amici. Cat. nos. 714-601. Sodales Flavi. Cat. no. 6 40. Group C . Tombstones Duo nomina. Total 1 0 ( Cat. nos. 765-785-786-911-928). Tria nomina. Single name. Single name

5 5.

Total 5 Total 3 followed

5 94-646-647-652-657-

( Cat. nos. 6 48-649-651-711-910). ( Cat. nos. 604-656-733). by the f ather's name. Total 1 7

( Cat. nos. 650-653-653-654-655-658-659-734-735-762764-773-777-837-861-877-756. See B .

Hartley,

1 980.

p .

2-7. 1 9

I . A.

Richmond,

1 954.

43-52.

P .

D . Braund, 1 984. p . 1-6. W . S. Hanson and D . B. Campbell,

1 986.

p .

73-89.

56. 57.

E . Birley, 1 952. p . 46-65. Cat. no. 4 36. Cat. nos. 2 2-121-102.

58.

Cat.

59.

116. Cat.

nos.

60.

Cat.

nos.

1 2-25-26-34-57-115-117-119-126.

61.

Cat.

nos.

35-43-61-62-49-104-106-107-108-110-111-112.

nos.

10-13-14-20-33-42-45-48-120-118-114-113-

8-9-11-21.

6 2.

Cat.

nos.

105-109.

6 3. 64.

Cat. Cat.

nos. nos.

103-92-93. 103-105-62-104-106-112.

Cat.

nos.

35-43-49-100.

65.

Other 66.

relationships:

freedman

to

Group

Tombstones

B .

patron

Heres

( cat.

( cat.

no.

nos.

108-111)

and

107).

Tria nomina. Total 2 ( cat. nos.83-85). Nomen and cognomen. Total 30 ( cat. nos.

85-79-31-31-

31-78-77-82-82-91-91-87-89-86-86-86-70-60-60-29-29-8888-63-38-38-83-83-84-84). Single Group Tria

name. B .

Total

nomina.

Nomen

and

Total

6 7.

( cat.

6

cognomen.

99-101). Single name. Group Nomen

6

nos.

39-7-88-79-79-90).

nos.

30-96-97-98-100-58).

Altars

Total

7

C . Tomstones and cognomen. name.

Family

relationships

6

( Cat.

Cat.

Single Nuclear

Cat.

( cat. Total

no.

( Cat.

nos.

nos.

nos.

28-64-24-27-

3-100-2-15-51-37-37).

3-40.

44.

family

Conj ugal

family.

Total

9

( Cat.

nos.

6 3-84-88-7-29-31-

60-79-80). Descending

nuclear

family.

Total

6

( Cat.

nos.

83-38.

nos.

31-78-

77-82-87-91). Ascending Other Heres. Non

Cat.

stated

68.

Cat.

nos.

69.

Cat.

no.

70.

nuclear

family.

Cat.

relationships

Only

no.

85.

relationships.

Cat.

no.

86.

6 3-84. 44.

25

( out

tonati ve

of

gods

30)

votive

have

a

inscriptions

clear

dedicated

reading

of

the

commemorator; 1 7 of them are dedicated by low ranks members of the army ( Cat. nos. 500-814-755-856-857887-436-417-365-146-224-279-596-597-598-599-760). altars native 71.

( out

surname

Military N . W.

of

of

15) are

set

up

to

dedicated

classical

by

gods

with

10 a

soldiers.

units Hadrian's

Wall.

Total

1 3

( Cat.

nos.

416-427-

430-431-433-434-420-426-429-432-448-449-450). Lancashire. Durham. Cumbria.

Total

Total Total

3 35

3

( Cat.

( Cat.

nos.

( Cat.

nos.

404-407-385).

351-369-368).

nos.

1 72-177-194-196-198-201-

202-203-205-206-209-211-216-254-255-278-281-305-306309-150-179-215-218-220-253-270-274-276-940-301-146277-304-318). 20

Hadrian' s

Wall.

Total

111

( Cat.

nos.

459-475-479-486-

487-558-559-561-563-564-602-603-609-648-650-655-656818

-

820 -

821-822-823-824-825-826-827-828-829-830-831-832

693-694-719-723-724-811-812-813-815-816-817

-

833

-

834-835-838-866-867-868-871-896-904-905-913-461 - 462

-

-

473-482-485-492-495-527-528-530-531-532-549-550 - 552 553-554-592-595-632-633-634-635-636-637-638-639 - 640 642-679-680-681-688-692-711-715-716-801-804-805 - 806 807-854-860-894-500-814-855-856-857-887-810-819

-

836 -

863-516-911-755. High-rank N . W.

of

soldiers

Hadrian' s

Wall.

Total

4

( Cat.

nos.

447-415-

418-446). Lancashire. Total Durham. Total 8

3 ( Cat. nos. 403-406-391). ( Cat. nos. 327-333-335-342-366-370-

371-364). Cumbria.

Total

20

( Cat.

nos.

1 73-192-197-199-200-204-

207-208-210-212-217-219-280-214-222-302-193-213 282). Hadrian' s

Wall.

Total

3 7

( Cat.

nos.

-

1 74

-

477-478-497-509-

510-565-606-607-608-646-649-720-721-756-759-839-870 872-518754-861-895-906-907-600-601-717-496( quaestor) 912(procurator) -476-761-893-518(legatus

Augusti).

Individuals

stated,

Catalogue N . W.

on

their

numbers

of

own.

refer

Hadrian' s

If

to

nothing

low

Wall.

rank

Total

is

-

soldiers).

7

( Cat.

nos.

428

( libertus of praefectus), 435, 437 ( architectus), 436 ( architectus), 417, 439 and 440 ( members of religious colleges). Lancashire.

Total

382-401-396

( member

Durham.

Total

8

10

( Cat.

nos.

the

College

of

( Cat.

nos.

384-392-402-414-383of

Apollo)

) .

331-332-334( medicus

Alae

Vettonum) -350-377-379-365-378-328-367). Cumbria.

Total

1 4

( Cat.

nos.

1 45-178-189-263-

264(imperial slave), 319-308(actor praefecti) -146-224279(veteran) -176-311-312-272(Vicanorum magistri) -195). Hadrian' s

Wall.

( librarius) -604

Total

40

( Cat.

nos.

512-562

( architectus) -605-651-652-682-695-718-

722-757-802-869-493862-596-597-598-599-760-463-4744 98-4 99 -53 4-653 -697 -8 37 -944-557-560-645-886-5666 7 3 (An g.

Li b e rt us) -6 54 (d e c r e t o

481 ( sacerdos) -725 (luria

Vi c a n oru m) -

Textoverdorum) -713 (vicanis

Vindolandeses) -573(priestess). 72.

Tombstones: N . W.

of

low

rank members

Hadrian' s

Lancashire. Durham.

Total

Total

Cumbria.

4

Total

Wall. 4

( Cat.

( Cat.

9

of

Cat.

nos.

nos.

( Cat.

no.

the

army.

445. 3 87-408-409-410).

3 26-349-375-376).

nos.

1 28-170-187-188-226-252-

269-299-754). Hadrian' s

Wall.

Total

26

( Cat.

nos.

465-501-520-535-

567-568-569-570-611-612-613-614-658-659-684-699-700728-762-763-841-873-842-840-698-571). Tombstones Cumbria. Hadrian' s 73.

Family

mentioning

Cat.

no.

Wall.

high-rank

soldiers

298.

Cat.

no.

5 36.

relationships

Conj ugal

family.

Total

9

612-684-699-728-762). Descending nuclear family. 21

( Cat.

nos.

Total

4

445-410-376-375( Cat.

nos.

410-

252-

8 40-536)

Ascending nuclear family. Cat. no. 299. Siblings. Total 3 ( Cat. nos. 3 26-520-700). Extended family. Total 2 ( Cat. Family relationship. Cat. nos. Other relationships Libertus-master. Master-libertus. Heres. Cat. nos.

7 4.

nos. 410-298. 4 09-187.

Cat. no. 315. Cat. no. 465. 5 35-568-611-658-841-873.

Not stated relationship. Cat. nos. 2 25-226. Not known commemorator. Total 8 ( Cat. nos. 1 28-269842-501-567-659-763-571) Broken inscriptions. Total 1 0 ( Cat. nos. 387-4 083 49-170-188-698-569-570-613-614). Group B N . W.

of

Hadrian's

Altars: Nomen 451-453-422).

Wall

and

cognomen.

Total

4

( Cat.

nos.

452-

Single name. Total 2 ( Cat. nos. 438-423). Lancashire Altars: Nomen and cognomen. Total 4 ( Cat. nos 3 94412-381-380) Single name. Total 3 ( Cat. nos. 411-381-395). Tombstones: Nomen and cognomen. Total 2 ( Cat. nos. 3 97-397). Durham Altars: Nomen 362-360).

and

cognomen.

Single name. Total 363-361-359-358-345-325). Cumbria

Total 9

3

( Cat.

( Cat. nos

nos.

3 39-

347-337-336-

Altars:

Tria nomina. Cat. no. 2 28. Nomen and cognomen. Total 7 ( Cat. nos. 267266-266-265-227-168-230). Single name. Total 9 ( Cat. nos. 1 84-143-1421 39-185-167-167-141-322). Tombstones: Nomen and cognomen. Total 9 ( Cat. nos 291-262-234-165-163-163-162-162-134). Single name. Total 15 ( Cat. nos. 295-

295-293-293-292-292-291-234-231-137-137-1361 36-135-135). Hadrian's Wall Altars: Tria nomina. Total 3 ( Cat. nos.

875-468-

466). Nomen and cognomen. Total 1 6 ( Cat. nos. 898910-900-899-771-765-627-625-874-843-758-660-660 - 488 617-890). Single name. Total 3 8 ( Cat. nos. 661-467877-876-774-773-772-770-770-769-768-767-732-731-730 727-701-683-665-665-662-626-624-538-572-615-619 - 6 20 6 21-909(trader) -766-764-664-503-502-618-616-575. Tombstones: Tria nomina. Total 4 ( Cart. 703-891-891). Nomen and cognomen. Total 1 9 5 22-522-576-578-578-880-628-667-667-703704-704-734-735-735-776-776-777-775). Single name. Total 1 9 ( Cat. 469-517-470-540-540-540-579-579-665-665-665665-665-665-777-844-775). 2 2

nos.

469-

( Cat.

nos.

nos.

5 21-

Group C N . W. of Hadrian's

Wall

Tombstones: the only tombstone coming from is dedicated to a foreigner from Baetia. Cat. no. 5 48. Cumbria Tombstones:

Tria nomina. Cat. no. 2 94. Nomen and cognomen. Total

3

this

( Cat.

area

nos.

164-235-237) Single name. Total 8 261-310-310-310-161-232-233-238). Hadrian' s Wall

( Cat.

nos.

Tombstones:

75.

Tria nomina. Cat. nos. 504-539. Single name. Total 5 ( Cat. nos. 513-571-705-733-803). Family relationships Conjugal family. Total 11 ( Cat. nos. 3 97-352-135-163293-878-775-891-667-540-576). Descending nuclear family. Total 1 0 ( Cat. nos. 1 36-

1 37-234-293-295-778-735-469-522-578). Ascending nuclear family. Total 3 ( Cat. nos. 2 31-291703). Siblings. Total 5 ( Cat. nos. 2 92-134-844-776-704). Extended f amily. Total 2 ( Cat. nos. 1 38-177 Both avunculus). Other relationships Heres. Total 3 ( Cat. nos. 665-517-580) Conservi. Cat. no. 5 21. Not stated relationship. Cat. nos. 470-579. Broken inscriptions. Total 5 ( Cat. nos. 162-165-262734-628)

2 3

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CHAPTER 2 . SETTLEMENT

GENERAL VIEW PATTERN.

OF

THE

EPIGRAPHY

ACCORDING

TO

THE

In the last chapter we have described the nature of the epigraphy of each area. Now we will look at the inscriptions from the archaeological point of view. An attempt has been made to connect inscriptions with the type of s ite in which they have been found. We are not going to discuss here the different types of settlements existing in each area surveyed, but we will concentrate only on the already known settlements that have produced epigraphy.

NW OF HISPANIA

As f ar as the N . W. of Hispania i s concerned the attempt to link epigraphy and settlements has been unsuccessful in many places mainly because there are many inscriptions which have been reported as i solated f inds. Figures 1 1.2.3.4. show the break down of the epigraphy according to different type of settlements in the three Conventus. It proves little in itself and the percentages given should be interpreted more as the present state of knowledge of the archaeology of each area rather than a valid view of the epigraphy according to a given settlement pattern. What stands out in the histograms of each Conventus i s the high number of inscriptions with no clear archaeological connection. This reveals two facts: f irstly the uneven level of research carried out in each area and secondly that the overall picture reflected in the histograms i s not a straightforward reflection of a general pattern. It may conceal other categories not considered i n the histograms. In other words, we can only argue with confidence about what i s already known. It i s reasonable to some extent to work out the total epigraphy coming from the known settlements. Nevertheless the f igures would stand on their own with no sensible meaning s imply because i t i s not possible to contrast them with the rest, about which we know nothing. Not even every s ite i ncluded i n the categories that indicate settlements of the type of a " castro" ( native hill-fort), villa or those grouped as " others" has been dug. In the case of tombstones one c an argue at least that there was a cemetery and therefore s ome sort of settlement should have existed nearby. Besides there i s a lso the case of many i nscriptions discovered i n the 1 8th and 1 9th centuries i n places where l ater in this century a new site has come out through excavations or simply by f ieldwalking. We have assumed that such i nscriptions may belong to those settlements.

3 8

All the inscriptions appearing in the catalogue have been located on a map ( Map 1 ). The main feature that stands out i n the f irst p lace i s the dispersion of the material. Apart from the main towns as the Conventus capitals, a f ew mansiones and a handful of s ites s ituated in rural areas, which have the l argest concentration of inscriptions, most of the remaining f ind-spots have yielded but one or two examples. It i s possible to argue that these inscriptions might have been moved from their original places and used a s building stones anywhere e lse. But it seems unlikely that such a move might have taken place at every f ind spot with one or two inscriptions on their account. It i s therefore more probable to assume that a site, whatever i ts nature, should have existed in the surroundings. It i s worth noting that building stones i n high.

the number of inscriptions found as churches of villages i s surprisingly

Inscriptions have been divided according to a settlement pattern thought out i n view of the epigraphical evidence. This means that neither has every known settlement produced epigraphy nor every epigraphical f ind have an archaeological context; therefore neither case can be considered here in detail. For instance, there are large areas, where the "castro" i s the more frequent type of settlement, that have not produced epigraphy at all. The s ame can be said about the better known villa sites. On the other hand, places l ike Pestiqueira ( Cat. nos. 2 44-245) or even Braganza which have yielded a substantial number of tombstones ( Cat nos 1 03 to 1 14), both in the Conventus Asturum; P inhovelo ( Cat. no 8 32) in the Conventus Bracarum or San Roman de Cervantes ( Cat. no 5 66) in the Conventus Lucensis have a ll produced epigraphy, but it i s unknown which type of settlements the inscriptions belong to. Two main divisions have been made: urban and rural areas. Among the former we have included the following settlements: capitals of Conventus, mansiones, military f orts and other substantial towns. We have considered them as a whole, statistically speaking, since places l ike Leön or Rosinos de Vidriales developed a civil settlement c losely related to the military f orts. This being the case, i t i s impossible to draw a l ine between the inscriptions coming f rom the fort from those coming from the civil settlement, whatever i ts nature: canabae, mansio or both. The rural area i ncludes castros, villae, other sites such as sanctuaries, mining areas and f inally settlements whose f eatures are not well defined and appear described in the bibliography as " romanised settlements". URBAN AREAS Inscriptions coming from sites represent 4 2% of the total epigraphy down of the general percentage i s below.

3 9

considered as urban of the N . W. The break shown in the f igure

A . N. ( 192) ( 79) ( 90) ( 26)

Conventus capitals Mansiones Military forts Other substantial towns

21% 8% 1 0% 3 %

Pre-eminent among the towns are the Conventus capitals: Asturica Augusta, Lucus Augusti and Bracara Augusta. Due to the fact that they were obviously the most populated sites in the N . W. they hold the higher ratio of inscriptions. Nevertheless, outstanding and significant though their epigraphy is, it only amounts to 21% of the total. Their status as Conventus capitals and as the main administrative and economic centres is better attested on epigraphical grounds than on their actual structural remains. They all three were createad either during the conquest or immediately after it and their names probably reveal an Augustan

foundation

( A. Tranoy, 1981:191

ff).

As far as Asturica in concerned, in spite of Pliny's well known description of it as "urbs magnifica" ( NH. 3 .28), little is known of its urban development and of the public and private buildlings it may have had ( J. M. Luengo Martinez, 1 962; M . Pastor Muf ioz, 1 976: 170; T . Mahanes, 1 983-4:215-229). The epigraphy of Astorga has already been amply studied ( M. Macias, 1 903; Lomas, 1 975: 188-213; T . Mahanes, 1 982) and especial emphasis has been made on the careers of procuratores ( Pflaum, 1 960-61) and the religious believes of its inhabitants ( J. Mangas, 1 986; M . Pastor Muhoz, 1 974:203-223 and 1 981:265-276; A . Tranoy, 1 981-book III, chapters I-II). Here we are not going to add anything to what has already been said on these i ssues. It

is

generally

agreed

established by the Roman conquest. Unlike Asturica

that

the

three

Capitals

were

authorities as a result of the shich seems to have been founded

as a military fort for Legio X Gemina ( Roldan, 1 971: 107; Maf ianes, 1 983-4:216). Lucus and Bracara are assigned a civil origin ( Arias Vilas, 1 983-4:209 ff; Le Roux, 1 975: 155 ff). It has been argued that both arose as a result of a regroupment authorities

of local communities carried out by roman ( Tranoy, 1 981: 193 ff). In the same way as

Asturica, there is poor archaeological evidence to outline the development of either town. They both lack the military and administrative epigraphy characteristic of Asturica and its hinterland. While the latter has a balance between groups A and B , the former two show an overwhelming majority of civil population. After the capitals, military forts come next as urban settlements with higher proportion of inscriptions. It has been said earlier that it i s difficult to make a distinction between epigraphy coming from the fort proper from that originated in the civil settlements related to them. 1 0% of the total comes from forts but this f igure is strongly biased towards Leön, the legionary fortress. 40

Military epigraphy i s found at Leon, Rosinos de Vidriales, Sobrado dos Monxes and Baf ios de Bande. Not a ll of them are equally known and they were not the only forts i n the area. The f ort at Rosinos was founded during the conquest f or a part of Legio X Gemina. Later a reduced part of the s ite was occupied by Ala I I F lavia ( Martin Valls and Delibes de Castro, 1 975:5 and 1 982). Leon and Bahos de Bande seem to have been established during the second half of the f irst century AD. The former, main base of Legio VII Gemina continued down to the end of the Roman period, while i t seems that Bahos de Bande did not have a prolonged existence as a permanent f ort coming to an end by the beginning of the 2nd century ( Rodriguez Colmenero, 1 983:249 f f). The f ort at Sobrado f oundation. Tiles with the relate this auxiliary unit 1 983:61 f f).

i s apparently a 2nd century mark of COH I C (eltiberorum) with the fort ( Caamaho Gesto,

Apart from Leön, the epigraphic evidence related to military forts i s scanty. Sobrado has produced only one votive i nscription set up by an optio ( Cat. no. 5 40). It was f ound built into one of the walls of the f ort. The epigraphy from Bande i s not military at all; even the connection with the f ort i s merely conjectural, as the inscriptions were f ound at two villages near the site of the f ort, which presently stands under a reservoir as does the mansio Aquis Querquernis, which i s thought to have stood outside the walls of the f ort ( Rodriguez Colmenero, op. cit. 2 49; Cat. n . 6 13-615). As for Rosinos de Vidriales, though the evidence i s more abundant than at the places discussed above, yet i t i s not representative enough f or a f ort which i s supposed to have lasted until the mid 3rd century ( The last dated inscription: AD 252-3. Cat. n . 2 82). The fort developed a mansio, Petavonium ( Ant. It. 4 23,3). F inally, next to nothing i s known about the civil settlement related to Leön ( J. M. Roldän, 1 984:74). Having dealt with the i nscriptions coming from already known military settlements, we will turn to those i nscriptions with no connection with a known military s ite. Nevertheless a l ink can be made between these inscriptions and a possible s ite. Three military i nscriptions have been found among the Astures Transmontani ( Cat. ns. 1 15, 3 18-319). However there i s as yet no archaeological record of a Roman f ort which may be regarded as such with any certainty. It has been recently pointed out that the s ite at Campa de Torres on the North coast, may possibly be a military settlement l asting from the period of conquest down to the 2nd century. It i s a double walled enceinte i n its accessible part, the rest overlooking the sea. The structure f ollows a Roman building technique and i t has produced i st and 2nd century Roman and l ocal pottery. Nonetheless the military 4 1

character of the site i s yet to be proved ( Fernändez Miranda, 1 983, 54). Here one honorary dedication to Augustus set up by Calpurnius Piso Legatus pr. pr. was found. The other two come from U j o. Here, tegulae and bricks are the only archaeological record of the site. However, the place is likely to have been a guard post, since it lies on one of the main roads to the North: the Via de la Carisa, which links Legio VII with Lucus Asturum ( C. Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:50, 152).

a

The next group of inscriptions site are the Villalis and Luyego

are VII

not clearly related to inscriptions. They all

dedications made to celebrate the dies Gemina, Cohors I Gallica and Cohors

natalis of Legio I Celtiberorum.

They also record other units and officials in the area and are dated to the second half of the 2nd century ( A. Garcia y Bellido, 1 966:24 ff; M . Gömez Moreno, 1 909). The archaeological record of these inscriptions is poor as well; some Roman material was found by Gomez Moreno nearby at El Castillön ( 1925, 6 9 ff). One of the inscriptions of Luyego ( Cat. n . 2 27) was found at a place called Los Linares, which is 1 50 metres North of Huernia: a rural villa like settlement, situated in the mining area of Valduerna. Probably the other two inscriptions belonged to the same place, although they were reused later ( Domergue and Martin, 1 979: 9 ff.). It has been argued that this type of settlements served as base forts for administrative officials and vexillationes in charge of the mining works ( J. Sänchez Palencia, 1 983, 8 4). Fi nall y, the last concentration of military inscriptions is found spread at the mining area of the Vila-Real district ( Conventus Bracarum). Soldiers of Legio VII Gemina and Cohors I Gallica are recorded on two votive inscriptions ( Cat. to civilians, all

ns. 855-856). Tombstones are dedicated of masculine sex; they possibily were

people

the

found

working in

the

in

mines.Some

neighbourhood

Roman

( Almeida,

material

1 970:

has

been

2 91-297).

Sites known as mansiones come next among the settlements considered here as urban. The research relies mainly on the Antonine Itinerary. Not every mansio has been located on the ground and the identification of others is not certain. Here we will deal only with the mansiones that have produced epigraphy. Although the three Conventus capitals and the forts that developed a civil settlement appear as mansiones in the Itinerary, they have not been included here, since we have considered them under other categories, either capitals or military forts. The epigraphy total.

coming

They

are

from

the

mansiones

represent

a

8%

of

the

following:

Conventus

Asturum

Foro identified with San Esteban de la Rua and its surrounding ( Caamaf io Gesto, 1 979:126-130). Nemetobriga identified with Trives ( Caamaf io, opus cit. 1 23-6). 4 2

Bedunia 1 969. 10). Brigeco

identified

with

identified

S .

Martin

traditionally

de in

Torres the

Benavente. It has been located either in Pehön ( Villabrazaro) ( Roldän, 1 969. 10) or Ropel ( Martin Valls and Delibes de Castro 8 ).

( Roldan,

area

around

a place called at Fuentes del BSAA, 1 975,455-

Bergido identified with Cacabelos ( Mahanes, 1 981:94-103). Lance identified with Villasabariego ( Jorda, 1 962; Gomez Moreno, 1 925, 55)

Conventus

Lucensis

Brigantium has been identified either Betanzos ( Roldän, 1 975. 2 25). Aquis Celenis has traditionally been Caldas de Reyes ( Roldän 1 975.214).

with

identified

Ad duos Pontes Traditionally located in ( Roldän, 1 975:236). Iria Identified with Padrön ( Roldän, 1 975:243).

Conventus

Coruha

or

with

Pontevedra

Bracarum

Ad Aquas identified wisth Chaves ( Roldän, 1 975.214). Vicus Spacorum identified with Vigo ( Roldän, 1 975.278). Salientibus identified with Bahos de Molgas ( Caamaho Gesto 1 979: 118-120). Tude identified with Tuy ( Roldän, 1 975:273). Calem has been identified either with Porto Gala ( Roldän, 1 975.227).

or Vilanova

de

Only have the mansiones recorded above produced epigraphy. They are 1 5 in total out of 4 3 mansioned recorded in the Itinerary. The fact that not all mansiones have been located with certainty makes it hard to draw valid conclusions. Nevertheless it is possible to point out that those which have yielded epigraphy have done so not simply because there was a mansio there. Some of these sites are located on Conventus boundaries as Benavente ( Brigeco), Trives ( Nemetobriga), Vigo ( Vicus Spacorum), Coruha ( Brigantium) or Porto ( Calem); others lie on a road crossing like Padron ( Iria), Cacabelos or Nemetobriga. Chaves ( Ad Aquas) lies half way between two Conventus capitals : Bracara and Asturica; it i s also situated in an imnportant mining area ( F. de Almeida, 1 970:297). On the other hand Chaves is the only site in the NW of which the status as Municipium i s known on epigraphical grounds ( Cat. n . 7 26). In contrast, little i s known about the juridical status of the Conventus capitals ( Santos, Yanguas, 1 985:86 ff). It happens that whatever the reason they developped as towns in a way the other mansiones did not. Due mainly to lack of field work it i s difficult to know which type of settlement the mansiones might have been. We can only point out that most of the mansiones probably were wayfaring places

and

not

Finally,

urban there

centres. are

a handful 4 3

of

sites

which

have

been

included

among

the

settlements

considered

as

urban

due

to

the fact that either they appear on epigraphical sources as Civitas or they are known through literary sources as towns created in Roman times, or they have enough number of inscriptions to have been a substantial town. They are the following:

Conventus Civitas

Auriensis

is

known

Bracarum better

by

medieval

sources.

It

seems that it started to be a town from the Later Empire ( Rodriguez Colmenero, 1 977, 1 04; Chamoso Lamas, 1 956: 5Väzquez Rodriguez, 1 943-111). ( Cat. ns. 814-819). Total: 6 . Civitas Limicorum : Its status as Civitas is known through epigraphy ( Cat. ns. 7 38-781-782-810-811) being little the archaeological record ( Rodriguez Colmenero, 1 977.92). It is identified with Nocelo da Pena, where two honorary inscriptions to Hadrian and A . Pius were dedicated by the Civitas. Total 4 . Coeliobriga, capital of the Coeterni. It has been identified with Castromao, where a Tessera Hospitalis dated to

the

AD

1 32

appeared

( Ferro

Conselo,

Lorenzo

Fernändez,

1 971, 10 ff). Castromao is an important hill-fort lasting from the Iron Age to the 2nd century ( F. Farina, Arqueologia, 1 979, 1 66; 1 981, 96; 1 982, 1 00; 1 983 no 11. 11). S . Martinho de Dune ( Cat. no. 752-756). S . Juan de Camba ( Cat. no. 700-702 and de Aguirre, 1 947, 10).

Conventus Santiago de Compostela ( Cat. an important settlement, but it ( Acut ia, 1 976. 124).

( A. Belino, 1 908. 5) 820). ( Osaba y Ruiz

Lucensis n . 5 41-546). It must have been next to nothing is known about

Conventus

Asturum

Flavionavia. It was one of the four towns created by Rome in the Transmontani territory and known mostly by l iterary sources ( Ptolemy 1 1.6.4). It has traditionally been identified with the present Pravia ( Q. M. Gonzälez, 1 954:32), but on no clear archaeological grounds. However from Pravia comes the only inscription to be attached to a town belonging to the Transmontani; unfortunately i t i s only a fragment of a tombstone ( Cat. no. 1 57). Braganza. Cat. n . 1 33-114 ( Alves, 1 934, 1 59 ff.).

RURAL AREAS In this group sites belonging to different categories have been grouped together: Villae, castros, mining areas, sanctuaries, hot springs, factories and finally settlements which are defi ned as romanized but of unknown characteristics. 4 4

Conventus

Bracarum

Villae: -

Guilhabreu

( Vila-Boa).

Cat.

n .

777.

( AP,

Gorges, 1 979, 657). Pinhao. Cat. n . 8 31. ( Gorges, 457). Queizas. Cat. n . 838 ( Rodriguez-Colmenero, Gorges, -

1 979,

Ribeira

near

371;

1 977,

161;

161).

da

Pena.

Ribeira

( Gorges,

XI,

da

Cat.

n .

Pena,

1 979:457

849-850.

there

At

are

Paco

two

and

Sta

probable

Marina Villae

ff.).

Castros: -

Alcabre.

1 983,

1 34

Cat.

-

Alvarelhos.

-

Baltar. Caminha.

( Hidalgo

do

Cadös.

n .

n .

Val.

1983:

and

602.

687

and

688

n .

Cat.

Taboada

710

( IRG.

Cat.

n .

CEG,

Sanfins.

-

Readegos.

-

Sabrosa.

1985: 165

IV: 66). Cat.

n .

712

and

873

Cat.

n .

714

A

( IRG.

Cibdä.

762-765

IV: 130)

Cat.

n .

4

757

( Rodriguez

( Perez

Colmenero,

802

( Rodriguez

Colmenero,

Cat.

n .

827-828

and

Centeno,

1977: 95).

( Ferreira

de

Cat.

n .

Cat.

839

n .

Cat.

( Coelho

845

n .

( B. A.

861-863

1 980:76

ff.)

1 973:74).

( J. R.

dos

Santos

Junior,

TAE,

ff.). Cha.

Delaes.

Castro

Cat.

Torre

de

C .

Monte

de

de

751

S .

Lorenzo

( B. A.,

( D' Encarnagao,

Moncorvo.

Cat.

Redondo

n .

875

( Braga).

1986: 190).

1975: 149 ( Tranoy,

Cat.

n .

ff.). 1981:319).

681

( D' Encarnagao,

88).

Esporobs

Mining

1971).

1983-84: 123).

1 980: 57).

-

-

ff.)

1977: 109).

XI1, 1949: 5).

Mozinho.(nr. Penafiel)

1 975:

1980:84

Cardozo,

Coelho,

( Tibias).

Rubias.

Monterrei.

-

Goberna,

n . 11. 14).

-

Vila

( M.

( A.

Tome

-

-

Costas

( Coelho,

704

Cat.

de

Florderrei.

1 979: 111;

Almeida,

y

Colmenero.

and

Eiras. S . Ciprian de Läs, Outeirif io. NAHisp, 1 985:213). -

Cuf iaro

( Rodriguez

703

Sto.

Castro

601

611

Cat.

de

Arqueologia.

n .

n .

Cat.

Castrelo Castro

-

596

Cat.

Cat.

Briteiros. -

n .

ff.)

( Braga).

Cat.

n .

759

( B. A.:

1986: 187).

areas:

-

Alfarelha

-

Granja.

( Jalles).

-

Riberinha.

Cat.

n .

854-856.

-

Tresminas.

Cat.

n .

877-879.

-

Vilarelho.

Cat.

n .

915

Cat.

n .

Cat.

n .

598.

773.

( J.

Parente,

1 980,

V . III:731)

Sanctuaries: -

Villar

and ( D -

de

Lourenco Panoyas

Perdices. Fontes, (Val

i Encarnacao ,

Argeriz.

Cat.

1 980, de

1 975:250;

Cat.

n .

597

n .

917-919

V . III:28

Noqueiras). Tranoy, ( Tranoy, 45

( Rodriguez

Colmenero

ff.). Cat.

1 981:336) 1 981:336).

927

and

884

-

Marecos.

1974:249 Other

Pehafiel.

Cat.

n .

795

( Le

Roux

and

A .

Tranoy.

ff.).

romanised

sites:

Arcucelos. Cat. n . Colmenero, 1977: 152).

920

( Gorges,

-

Sela. Cat. 864 ( IRP:39). Espif io. Cat. n . 812 ( Rodriguez

-

Atios.

Cat.

n .

604

( Filgueira

1979,

3 29;

Colmenero, Valverde

Rodriguez

1978: 152).

and

Garcia

Alen,

1953: 183). -

Abedes.

-

Taboadela.

Cat.

-

Mosteiro

n .

591

Cat.

Caldelas.

n .

Cat. de

n .

( Rodriguez 665

699

Ribeira

Colmenero,

( Rodriguez ( Tranoy,

1 981:325).

( Rodriguez

Colmenero,

Conventus

1978: 151).

Colmenero, 1978: 163) 1977: 152).

Lucensis

Villae: -

S .

Vicente

Arias

Villas,

de

Castillös.

1975:44;

Cat.

Tranoy,

-

Cores. Cat. n . 423 ( Pereira Sta Cristina de Barro. Cat.

I :

274.

-

Negreira

-

S .

( Logrosa).

Vicente

1976: 179). Brandomil. ff.;

Acuf ia

( 0

Cat.

Grove).

Cat.

n .

552-554

Cat.

and

568-570

Menaut, n . 5 49.

441

407-407

Castroviej o

n .

( Abel

Vitela,

1981:416)

( Acuf ia, ( Carro

and

Casal

1983: 172). Lopez Ferreiro,

4 40

1976: 124). and

Millan,

( Gorges,

Garcia,

vol.

EMP,

1 979:252

1981:274).

Castros: Coiro.

Cat.

Meiras. -

n .

Cat.

Moi menta.

422

n .

( Filgueira

519

Cat.

( Luengo

n .

y Garcia

Martinez,

521

Alön,

1953: 171).

1950).

( Filgueira

y

Garcia

Alen,

1953: 170). -

Monte

-

S .

Meda.

Mamed

Cat.

de

n .

522

Lousada.

Tranoy, 1981:294). S . Mamed de Seavia. 1979:86;

1981: 62;

1983

Tranoy, 1981:293). Tomeza. Cat. n . 1

km.

castro

from ( Cavada

a

( Tranoy,

Cat.

Castro

n . 11.2;

576.

It

1 981:294).

558

( Castillo,

de

Elvira

Väzquez

was

milestone.

Nieto,

n .

found

Nearby

( Arqueologia,

Varela,

on

the

there

1 957:353,

1983:99

XX is

Iter a

ff.;

about

romanized

1972:232).

Sanctuaries: -

Roman

Tranoy,

Vello.

-

Curro.

-

Donön.

and Masso Mining -

Cat.

n .

5 35

( Millan-Pardo,

XXXIV,

97;

1981:293). Cat.

n .

Cat.

434

n .

Bolivar,

( Millan

435-439 1 971:72

Pardo,

( Boriza ff.;

XXXIV: 109). Brey,

Tranoy,

Alvarez

1977:225).

areas:

Boal.

Cat.

n .

401

( Fernändez 46

Ochoa,

1 981:310).

Blazquez

Hot -

Springs: Cuntis.

Cat.

n .

4 32

and

4 42

( Filgueira,

ff; Estefania, 1 960:72 ff.) Sta Eulalia de Böveda. Cat. 551 Vilas, 1 975:17; Acuf ia, 1 973: 17). Other

romanised

( Abel

EMP,

Vilela

1 948:320

aand

Arias

settlements:

Catoira. Cat. n . 416. ( Acuf ia Castroviejo. 1 976: 128; Filgueira Valverde and Garcia Alen, 1 959:75; Acuf ia Castroviejo, 1 973:17). Villagarcia de Arosa. Cat. n . 5 78 ( Filgueira Valverde and Garcia Alen. 1 953: 166; Acuf ia Castroviejo, 1 973:42). Roman

remains:

Lourizan. Cat. n . 465-466 ( Filgueira and Garcia Alen, 1 953: 1 73). La Estrada. Cat. n . 4 49 ( Filgueira and Garcia Alen, 1 953, 168). La Golada. Cat. n . 450-451 ( Filgueira Valverde and Garcia Alen, 1 953:170). Graba. Cat. n . 452 ( Filgueira Valverde and Garcia Aldn, 1 953: 171). Puerto del Son. Cat. 5 30 ( IRP:18).

Conventus

Asturum

Villae: La Isla. Cat. n . 1 46 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:280). Milla del Rio ( Gorges, 1 979:274; Maf ianes, 1 983: 64, 144). Villa de Linio ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:283; Gorges, 1 979: 201). -

Tremaf ies. Cat. n . 260-261 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:284). Quintana del Marco. Cat. n . 263 ( Maf ianes. 1 983:72).

Valduno. Cat. Villaquejida. Sta Colomba 1 983: 104).

n . 3 24 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:284). Cat. n . 3 80-383. ( Q. Morif io, 1 925: 69). de Somoza. Cat. n . 296-297 ( Maf ianes,

Castros: Arlanza. Cat. n . 1 05. ( Maf ianes, 1 981:120). Cuevas. f f) Noceda ( Maf ianes,

Cat.

n .

1 33

del Bierzo. 1 983:122).

Settlement ( Mangas, Cat.

related

Celis n .

and

to

mining

Rovira,

2 39-240.

works

1 986:145

Mining

works

Ponferrada. Cat. 257-258 ( Maf ianes, 1 981: 122). Quintanilla de Somoza. Cat. n . 264 ( Maf ianes, 1 983:86). S . Andres de Montejo. Cat. 2 95 ( Mahanes, 1 981: 122). S . Esteban del Toral. Cat. n . 2 99 ( Maf ianes, 1 981: 120 f f). -

S . Miguel Villar de

de Laciana. Cat. Barrios. Cat. n . 4 7

n . 3 07 ( Maf ianes, 1 981: 120). 3 84 ( Mahanes, 1 981: 133).

-

Vega. Cat. n . 3 25 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:407). Molleda. Cat. n . 2 34 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:254). Larön. Cat. n . 1 49 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:151,251).

-

Grases. Cat. n . 1 45 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:170). Doriga. Cat. n . 1 40 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:394,254). Naraval. Cat. 2 37 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:303) Villalcampo. Cat. n . 3 34-370 ( Esparza Arroyo, 1 983: 108

ff; F. Sevillano Carvajal, 1 978:334 ff.). Sejas de Aliste. Cat. n . 312 ( Arqueologia, 1 979:247; 1 980: 1 55; 1 981: 137; Sevillano Carvajal, 1 978:262). S . Vitero. Cat. n . 311 ( F. Sevillano Carvajal, 1 978:253; Esparza Arroyo, 1 983: 108 ff). Sacoras. Cat. 284-287 ( Alves, AP, 1 918:317 ff). Rabanales. Cat. n . 265-270 ( Q. Moreno, 1 927: 12 ff). Rabano de Sanabria. Cat. n . 2 71 ( F. Sevillano Carvaj al, 1 978:238). -

Picote.

-

Domez. Cat. n . 1 35-136 Avellas. Cat. n . 86-93

Romanized

Cat.

n .

2 46-252

( Esparza

Arroyo,

1 983: 108

( F. Sevillano Carvajal, ( Alves, 1 934: 164).

ff).

1 978:98).

settlements:

Villadepalos. Cat. n . 3 33 ( Maf ianes, 1 981: 113). Villadecanes. Cat. n . 3 32 ( Maf ianes, 1 981: 120 ff). Valencia de D . Juan. Cat. n . 3 26-327 ( Q. Moreno, 1 925:80) Carracedelo. Cat. n . 1 27 ( Maf ianes, 1 981: 125 ff). Duas Egrejas. Cat. n . 1 41 ( Esparza Arroyo, 1 983: 100 ff) Braganza ( Cat. n . 101-114). Mining -

Godan. Rellön

Roman -

areas: Cat. n . 1 44 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:251). de Meras. Cat. n . 2 73 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:93).

remains:

Mieres ( Concejo de). Cat. n . 2 33 ( Fernändez Ochoa: 152) Quilof io. Cat. n . 262 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982: 152,254). Santulhao. Cat. n . 294 ( Tranoy, 1 982:401). S . Justo de la Vega. Cat. 301 ( Maf ianes, 1 983:75). Leces. Cat. n . 1 51-152 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982:292) . Uj o. Cat. n . 318-320 ( Fernändez Ochoa, 1 982: 152).

NORTH

OF

BRITAIN

Compared to the North West of Hispania the archaeological background of the epigraphy of the North of Britannia presents a much more clear-cut picture. There is near uniformity as far as the f ind-spots are concerned. Inscriptions come overwhelmingly from military forts and their associated civil settelments,although only half of the evidence belongs to the military frontier proper where the fort is the more common type of settelment to be found. ( map 2 ) Inscriptions do not appear in native romanised settlements; two funerary inscriptions which have 4 8

been

related to villa

s ites

are

the

exception.

Figure I I.1 i llustrates the division of the epigraphy according to the type of settlements where they have been f ound. The column that stands out i s that which represents military forts with a military vicus proven. We have considered as a whole s ince it i s impossible to separate the evidence from the f ort from that of the vicus. The remaining columns f rom left to right indicate the f ollowing categories: forts with a probable military vicus, f orts with no military vicus proven so f ar, settlements with no permanent military presence proven, villa sites, i nscriptions that come from the turrets and milecastles of Hadrian's Wall, i solated f inds and f inally inscriptions with no recorded origin. The division between probable and certain military vici has been made according to the evidence set up by S . Sommer ( 1984). The f irst column represents the epigraphy of York and the second inscriptions from military forts and associated vici. Both columns constitute the bulk of the evidence from the North. Although York has the same military origin than the remaining s ites included in the second column it has been set apart due to the f act that i t was the main site in the North. As l egionary f ortresss it developed a civil settlement, which later by 2 37 AD. was conferred the status of colonia and became capital of Britannia Inferior. It probably ocurred as a result of the Severan reforms ( RCHMY,1, XXXVI; J . Wacher, 1 970 Ottaway, 1984:57ff.). Both fort and vicus have been used as general terms to define the type of settlement characteristic of the second column, but not all of them had the same development and importance. Brough-on-thumber, probable civitas capital of the Parisi, and Carlisle later Civitas Carvetiorum have been treated in the same way as Ambleside or Binchester. The point i s not to build a hierarchy of settlements but to bring together s ites which had a same origin and developed as a result of a similar f actor: the presence of the army. Whether there were some s ites that reached certain levels that others did not i s something that goes beyond the l imits of this work. Even i f they did, i t i s not relevant f rom the epigraphic point of view. Besides every f ort and vicus did not have the same period of occupation nor have they produced s imilar amount of funerary and votive i nscriptions. Fortress

and

f orts with

associated

S ites

civil Total

York Chesterholm Ribchester B owes Brough-on-Humber Corbridge Carlisle B inchester

settlements: of

i nscriptions 6 4 41 1 3 1 2 1 4 4 2 4 1 1

4 9

Kirkby Thore Lancaster Malton Ilkley

1 1 9 8 5

Bownes on Salway Manchester Brough-under-Stainmore Brough-by-Bainbridge

5 3 2 2

Castleford Slack

2 2

Catterick Watercrook Doncaster Birdoswald Carvoran Housesteads Carrawburgh Old Carlisle Old Penrith Great Chesters Chesters Benwell South Shields Netherby

5 3 1 49 4 7 4 7 40 27 2 7 2 3 21 1 6 1 4 1 3

Burgh by Sands Greta Bridge Halton Chesters Rudchester Wallsend Stanwix Moresby

1 0 9 9 7 7 4 4

Papcastle Ambleside Maryport Birrens Lanchester Newcastle Chester-le-Street Brougham Piercebridge

3 1 60 20 1 9 1 0 6 1 7 8

Forts

with

a probable military vicus:

As a matter of fact there is virtually no difference between these settlements and those already seen. They are as well military forts in origin that probably developed a vicus as the others did. However it is not so certain whether the archaeological remains which lay outside the fort bear resemblance to a vicus. The

sites

considered

here

Whitley Castle. Total 5 Ebchester. Total 1 0 Castleheads. Total 2 7 Low Borrow Bridge. Total

are:

1

Oberborough ( Burrow in Lonsdale). Templeborough. Total 3

5 0

Total

7

Forts with no military vicus proven: Three sites have been considered here: Hardknott Bewcastle ( Total 1 1) and Burrow Walls ( Total 1 ).

( Total

1 ),

Hardknott and Bewcastle were both occupied at AD 1 30 and given up at 1 50. Both were reoccupied later by 1 70, but while the f ormer was definitely abandoned by the end of the 2nd century, the l ater went down to the late 4th century ( Breeze and Dobson, 1 985). Burrow Walls was occupied since the second century ( Breeze-Dobson, 1 985). Burrow Walls and Bewcastle have no extramural structures, nor civil material ( Salway, 1 965, 1 07; Sommer, 1 984, 6 4 and 6 9). The remains outside of the fort of Hardknott seems to be of military character ( Sommer, 1 984, 8 2) . Sites with no militar permanent presence proven: Two sites have been considered here. Adel ( Cat. n . 1 to 4 ) and Aldborough ( Cat. n . 5 to 7 ). None of them has produced military epigraphy. • Adel has produced evidence of Roman occupation throughout the Roman period. However, there i s no clear evidence of any military phase, though an early fort i s probable ( Faul and Moorhouse,1981, vol.1:143ff). Just as Adel, and early fort at Aldborough i s probable but unproven. A stamped tile of Legio IX Hispana and an incomplete bronze badge are the only military remains ( Charlesworth,1971: 1 55ff). The site was the civitas capital of the Brigantes: Isurium Brigantum . Although a fortified town from the 2nd to the 4th centuries, the civilian bias of the site i s generally agreed. The remains point to a commercial and industrial life and they reveal a considerable degree of Roman influence ( Wacher, 1 974: 3 90 ff.; P . Salway,1965:182 f f.). Yet epigraphy i s little represented. Villa

Sites:

There i s a s carcity of Villae in the North of England ( Branigam,1980:10), but there i s even more scarcity of inscriptions related to them. However, two funerary inscriptions ( Cat.n.60 and 3 1) and one a ltar ( Cat. n.56) may possibly be connected with villa s ites. As their relation i s not too clear, their s ignificance as i nscriptions within a villa context would be l imited. Cat. n . 6 0 was f ound at Sutton-under-Witestone on Hood Grange Farm. It i s a sarcophague of stone dedicated to a woman, but the skeletal remains belonged to two males that are probably dated to the 3rd or 4th centuries. Some sherds of Roman British pottery were f ound while digging. Finally crop marks 5 0 f t East of the coffin i ndicate the presence of a large building which possibly may be a villa ( P. Wenham, YAJ, 4 0, 2 98 f f.).

5 1

At Eastness another inscribed coffin ( Cat. n.31). The place is near Horingham, where 4th

century villa

was found there is a

( Norman, 1960: 12).

Finally, Cat. n. 56 was found at Scarcroft, which i s situated 2 miles SW of Dalton Parlours Villa. The site has been dated from the late 2nd to the late 4th centuries through coins and pottery ( YAJ, 1977/8: 6: the Yorkshire Archaeological Register). However it i s uncommon to f ind a votive inscription related to a villa; even more in that case since the altar i s dedicated to Apollo and Num ( Aug.). Funerary inscriptions are more likely to be found in a villa context. On the other hand, Scarcroft lies on the Roman road that leads from Ilkley to Tadcaster and it is nearer to Adel than to Dalton Parlours. It has been suggested that Scarcroft itself might have possibly been a roman settlement ( Faulk and Moorhouse,1981, vol. 1: 154). The sixth column Hadrian's Wall but they particular.

reflect i nscriptions found are attached to no settlement

on in

Finally the column showing inscriptions whose origin have not been recorded is mainly made of votive inscriptions and most of them were set up by members of the army.

5 2

'

F IGURE 1 . 1 w o rm

p .

7 00

F IGURE 1 . 2

1 1 17ANN IA

CO 16 040 11 MOUR LAd

a f t

O ZO

7 0

0 3

6 0

402

4 0

3 :0

3 3 X0 2 0 1 00 1 0

P l 1(04)

I . 2 . 3 . 4 .

2(72 3

Y ork . F orts F orts F orte

30 13)

4( 13)

0(7)

( 3 )

7( 17)

a C20

( 1 1 1)

)

M UN I&

t otal:64 a nd M ilitary P icot. T otal: 7 22 w ith a p robable M ilitary V ie w, T otal: 5 3 w ith n o M ilitary V iew» p roven . 1 3

1 031 1 1- Nt

C apital 1 .80 O ther t own. T .1 M ansions. 2 .19 F orte 1 .85

&L A W

( 60) V illa* 1 .14 C astro* 1 .84 R ooanisod s attlewant T .43

NON f i r0 11302

( 7)

5 . S ite. w ith n o m ilitar p a : remnant p reaance p roven. T otal: 7 6 . P ill .. T oatal: 3 7 . Uolated f inding.. T otal: 1 7 8 . R adrian 'e W all: I nscriptions b etween f orte. T otal: 9 . O rigin n ot r ecorded. T otal: 1 6

2 9

F IGURE 1 . 3

F IGURE 1 . 4

02 16104 1U9 L LC 131 :3 1 1

C0440 46 1 1 1 164010 13 1 1 00 1 40 1 30 1 20 10 1 C0 1 0 4 0 7 0 0 0 6 0 4 0 3 2

7 / . y

3 2

r 7

1 0 M ON Mt

C apital T .51 O ther t own. 1 .6 M ansion*. 1 .18 F orts T .1

M OO- AR

S CLATED

V illae 2 .9 ( 61) C astro. 1 .13 S anctuaries T .7 M ining A r m 1 .1 L onanised a ettlements: T herms 1 .2 P ort 1 .1 F actoria l . 1 .1 O thers 1 .7

0

N ON f eccr o m

UM4 4 1N Mt

( 10)

C apital. T . 6 1 O ther t own.. I . 2 0 M ansion's 1 . 42 F ort. T . 4

5 3

A 1 MJUL AN

V illa. T . 5 M ining 1 . 9 S anctuariss T . 5 C astro. T . 3 1 R owaniaed a ettleoenta

60L 422 12

( 149)

CONCLUSIONS

Epigraphy as

an

i ndicator of Romanization

Epigraphy has been interpreted as a habit ( R. MacMullen, 1 982: 3 3). A Roman cultural habit totally new to the natives of certain provinces. It is born with the conquest, develops during the period of occupation and declines before the end of the Roman period. The mid 3rd. century has been taken as the hinge of the Latin epigraphy. From that date onwards i nscriptions decrease all over the Roman Empire ( S. Mrozeck, 1 973). It is valid somehow to argue that the more inscriptions are f ound i n a Roman province the stronger the Roman influence has been. The i nscriptions of Roman Britain have been interpreted as a s ign of Roman influence ( M. Birö, 1 975). On the other hand personal nomenclature and names of deities are generally taken as a measure of Romanization. However even the same f act can be used to reach opposite conclusions. For instance, an a ltar dedicated to a native god by a commemorator holding the duo or tria nomina may well serve to prove as much the survival of the i ndigenous religion, because of the name of the god, as the enormous Roman influence since the commemorator i s named according to the Roman way. Romanization i s being measured according to either the lack or survival of i ndigenous tradition. It has been pointed out that a strong representation of votive inscriptions written in Latin i s a poor indication of Romanization if the deities are non-Roman ( L. A. Curchin, 1 986:692 f f). Yet it i s particularly hard to deduce the level of Roman i nfluence from votive inscriptions because of the well known Roman tolerance towards local cults ( G. H. Stevenson, 1 933:2). We believe that the inscription i tself, whatever the god's nationality or its commemorator's nomenclature is a c lear evidence of the Roman influence proper. This applies especially to the Western provinces in which no pre-Roman written language evidence has been f ound so f ar. This influence i s closely related to the questions we r aised i n the i ntroduction : who i s the commemorator and where the i nscriptions have been f ound. Just as deities' names, personal nomenclature i s used as a s ign of Romanization. R . D. Knapp ( 1978:187 f f) has pointed out that there was probably a widespread use of the f orm of the Roman name before Roman or Latin citizenship was granted. On the other hand care should be taken when i nterpreting as a real native Roman c itizen every duo or tria nomina appearing on the i nscriptions. In rural areas such as the NW of Hispania or i n a military context as the North of Britain, the i nterpretation of nomenclature should be more connected with the archaeological background of the i nscriptions than i t has been done so f ar. Romanization

of Hispania

and

Britannia

54

The comparison we have carried out serves to prove that epigraphy does not mean the same everywhere. The f act that a l ot of inscriptions have come down to us does not necessarily mean that there has been a stronger Roman influence. We assume that the rate of lost inscriptions can be applied to every settlement in the same way. In the North of England the picture i s that of a military frontier. The majority of the army in Roman Britain was garrisoned in the North, especially along Hadrian's Wall. The main purpose of the army here i s to perform military duties and this military character of the army i s apparent in the epigraphy. Inscriptions reveal i n the f irst place an overwhelming majority of soldiers against civilians and secondly a majority of altars and honorary dedications compared to f unerary i nscriptions. In other words, the army i s putting up most of the i nscriptions of Britain and i s putting up mainly i nscriptions of votive character. However, the nature of the epigraphy of the N . W. of Hispania i s completely different. After AD 6 9, Legio VII Gemina a long with some auxiliary units was the only military f orce that remained in the Spanish provinces. It i s generally agreed that after the campaigns of Agrippa the area was pacified. Thereafter two more disturbances were recorded: one in 1 6 BC and the second i n AD 6 6 under Nero ( R. Jones, 1 976:46). Inscriptions mentioning auxiliary soldiers or detachments of Legio VII Gemina have been f ound a ll over three Conventus, although Leön remained the military headquarters for the whole Peninsula. Having been reduced i ts numbers from the last quarter of the i st century, the army appears as a secondary f actor in the process of Romanization ( J. M. Roldän, 1 984:73). It seems that the military duties were gradually taken over by the working of mines, though the beginning of the mining activity remains controversial ( Jones, 1 976; Sänchez Palencia, 1 983). But, whatever the dating of the exploitation of mines might have been, what the official epigraphy reveals ( group A ) i s the army not so much performing military duties as controlling an administering the mines. This i s especially significant among the Astures, less so in the other two Conventus. Unlike Britain, civil population i s well attested: taking the evidence as a whole tombstones outnumber votive i nscriptions. Our intention was f irst to work exclusively on epigraphical data concentrating on the relationships between the Roman and the native worlds. However i n the British epigraphy, there i s hardly any trace of the native society i tself. Epigraphy tells us mainly of names of i ndigenous deities, but nothing about the i nternal social organization of the native society. We refer to data s imilar to that f ound i n both Spanish and Portuguese epigraphy and known as " centurias" and " gentilidades". They represent a way o f native and social organization that goes beyond the f amily l evel ( Schulten,1943:58ff; J . Caro B aroja,1970; Pereira Menaut and Santos Yanguas,1980:117ff). 5 5

Too much attention has been paid to this i ssue without a satisfactory result yet. It has been precisely the survival of a local social organization the reason why the NW has been a lways regarded as a rather backward and l ittle Romanized area. However in contrast, what appears in the British epigraphy i s the Roman administration applied to natives. This i s the case of the Civitas Petuariensis ( Cat. n . 2 2), the Colonia Eburacum ( Cat. n . 9 2 and 9 3), the Civitas Carvetiorum ( Cat. n . 291). or the Curia Textoverdorum ( Cat. n . 7 25). But other than native religious names the f irst impression one has when looking at the British material i s that neither the Brigantes nor the Parisi did exist epigraphically speaking. It has been argued that tombstones f urnish three quarters of the entire Corpus of Latin Inscriptions ( Saller and Shaw, 1 984:124). This statement may well be true if we take the Corpus data as a whole, but in analysing the epigraphy not even of a province, but of a part of a province, the results can be quite different. Three quarters of the inscriptions collected in the RIB belong to the North of Britain and Hadrian's Wall. The military frontier proper has produced more inscriptions than anywhere else in Britain put together ( M. Birö, 1 975). Nevertheless there i s hardly any difference between the evidence of the area surveyed in this work and the rest, that i s South of England, Wales and Scotland. Even in the South there i s still a majority of military inscriptions, a lthough civilians are in s light majority in comparison with the North. Birö has already pointed out that the majority of the British inscriptions are a ltars that were erected mostly on official initiative ( Op. cit. p . 4 3). He argues that large scale of Romanization was realized in Roman Britain along Hadrian's Wall i n the f irst half of the 3rd century ( p. 3 2). It was so because the native soldier, either ethnic British or born in Britain, got acquainted with the Roman custom of erecting altars during the large restauration works undertaken under the Seven . Yet in the particular case of Britain, i t does not seem that the more number of inscriptions has a direct bearing on the level of Romanization. Epigraphy cannot be used in this particular case l ike pottery, coins or housebuilding as a measure of Romanization. As Biro himself argues, the l ayer of population setting inscriptions consists mainly of soldiers. But what the epigraphy of Britain proves i s that the army posted i n the province, whether made up of natives of f oreigners, was romanized, in the sense that soldiers here as everywhere e lse i n the Empire learnt how to set up a ltars and tombstones. To sum up, from the l ayer of population putting up i nscriptions three conclusions can be drawn. The f irst one has a lready been mentioned: British epigraphy was set up mainly by the army. Secondly, the n ative population were not i nterested at a ll i n epigraphy. Thirdly, the civilians, whether natives or f oreigners, who did put inscriptions 5 6

where

closely

related to

the

army.

As we have s een, epigraphy i s found in Roman Britain i n areas where the presence of Rome, either military or administrative, i s strong and continuous. When this presence i s weak there i s no epigraphy at a ll. It i s only in the sites created directly by the army where i nscriptions are f ound. It i s generally agreed that the population of vici consisted of camp followers at a f irst stage. Later, soldier's f amilies, freedmen and s laves in the service of soldiers, traders, craftsmen and veterans constituted the population of the vici ( P. Salway, 1 965; A . B irley, 1 979: Chs. 8 and 1 1; S . Sommer, 1 984:30 ff). It i s a lso generally admitted that there would not be any vici without a fort. S . Sommer has coined the word "military vicus" in distinction to "vicus" in an administrative sense. He also tries to differenciate between " civil civilians" and "military civilians" when talking about the population of vici and the policy applied to them by the Roman administration ( 1984:17 f f). The close proximity between f orts and vici has also been demonstrated in connexion with the meat diet. It seems that the meat diet of canabae and vici covered much the same range of the military s ites ( mainly ox) and that the non-military s ites, the term applied to unromanized settlements, was different, consisting in sheep and goat. Villae followed a diet closer to soldiers that to natives ( A. King, 1 984:179 f f). The epigraphical model of the NW of Hispania i s just the opposite. Map 1 shows that the dispersion i s the main f eature. Due mainly to lack of f ield work, epigraphy and settlements cannot be put in relation in the same way as has been done with Roman Britain. The low level of Romanization of the NW has a lways been a topic among Spanish scholars. However the dispersion of epigraphical discoveries corroborates the latest theories about the particular way of Roman settlement in the NW. It has been pointed out that i t cannot be sustained any longer that the Late Empire is characterised by a rural settlement pattern as opposed to the Early Empire in which the town i s supposed to have predominated ( Arias Vilas and Cavada Nieto, 1 979). Whatever the nature of the settlements may have been, i t i s apparent that what Le Roux and Tranoy ( 1983-84) have defined as the particular way in which the NW was organized during the Roman period i s confirmed by the epigraphy. They argue that the NW cannot be compared with other provinces l ike Baetica or Gallia Narbonensis i n the sense that they had coloniae, municipii and towns. Inscriptions appear spread along military roads and main rivers. However the dispersion seems to be more stressed in the South of both Conventus Bracarum and Asturum than in the remaining territory. This point could be connected with the f act that i t i s precisely the South of the NW the area wherein the ratio of votive and funerary i nscriptions set up by s ingle name commemorators i s bigger. However the contact with Rome was earlier i n the Southern part of the NW ( C. Torres, 1 976:11 f f). The presence of duo 5 7

and tria nonima has been a lways i nterpreted as a proof of romanization. But we have suggested l ooking at the point the other way round. It i s difficult to accept that the areas more i solated geographically had produced more "Roman c itizens" than those that were f irst conquered and received an earlier Roman influence. This f act makes us think that the nomenclature might not be correctly interpreted. Particularly in the South of the Conventus Asturum, tombstones with single nomina, indigenous f iliation and with no commemorator expressed are the most frequent type of inscriptions ( Cat. n . 3 34-370). We do not have any reason to suppose that these inscriptions are earlier than those which appear along the XIX-XX I ter i n which duo and tria nomina predominate. The i ndividuals appearing here, whether born in the province of f oreigners, are possibly more representative of the economic and administrative structure than of the native layer of population. More excavations are needed to have a more c lear picture of the type of settlement to whom inscriptions belong. Archaeology can give l ight to the romanization process more than the study of the " Roman artifact" i tself, in this case inscriptions.

5 8

CATALOGUE . KEY TO THE CATALOGUE

TP:

Type

of

inscription ,- V : - F :

GR:

Population group

Votive Funerary

- A - B

- C - D

D :

Deity

- G : - N : - H : - S :

5 9

Greco-Roman Native Imperial Cult and Honorary dedications Native deities assimilated to Greco-Roman's

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

* *

R ANKS

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

V

I RG ,IV ,113

C ONVENTUS A STURUM

*C AT.N.

0

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: V IANA D O B OLL( )

1

A RRENA C LOUTI *C AT.N.

D

G

F IND-SPOT: A LBA D E A LISTE F .

2

F C

C MZ 11 8

F D

A LVES ,1934,1

F A

A LVES ,1934,2

F

C

A LVES ,1934,3

V

B

N

M ANANES,1982 ,N 1 05

P RAESES P ROV .CALLAEC IAE

V

A

G

C IL,I1 12 635

P ROCURATOR A UGG.

V

A

G

R A8ANAL,1982 ,N 1 02

L EGATUS A UG .PER A ST.ET

V

A

G

C IL,I1,2634

P ROCURATOR A UGG .

V

A

G

R ABANAL,1982 ,N 1 21

P ROCURATOR A UG.

V

A

G

R ABANAL,1982,N 1 07

P ROCURATOR A UG.

V

A

G

M ANANES,1982 ,N 1 03

P ROCURATOR A UG.

V

A

G

R ABANAL,1982 ,N 1 03

P ROCURATOR A UG.

V

A

G

R ABANAL,1982 ,N 1 09

P ROCURATOR A UG.

V

A

G

R ABANAL,1982,N 1 42

P ROCURATOR A UG .

V

A

G

R ABANAL,1982 ,N 1 08

E G I.(.)FL.1

V

A

G

S T.H1ST.,1983 -4 ,305 -

F IND-SPOT: A LDEIA N OVA

L UCIO P ATERNO A EM ILIO B ALAESO *C AT.N.

3

F IND-SPOT: A LDEIA N OVA S IGNIFER A LAE S ABININAE

*C AT.N.

4

C LOTINA T RITI

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: A RGONZELO F .

5

F IND-SPOT: A RLANZA

L . A UR. F R(ronto)

•C AT.N.

6

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A CO (NIUS) C ATULLINUS •C AT.N.

7

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

1 UL M ELANIO

*C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

0 .MAMIL.CAPITOLINUS

G ALLAE.DUS L EG .V IIG.

*C AT.N.

9

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

L .DIDIUS M ARINUS

*C AT.N.

1 0

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C L. Z ENOBIUS

*C AT.N.

1

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P .AEL. H ILARIANUS

*C AT.N.

1 2

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

I .SILVANO M ELANIO

*C AT.N.

1 3

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P .IUL. M AXIMUS

*C AT.N.

1 4

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

G .OTACILIUS O CTAVIUS

*C AT.N.

1 6

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

I .SILVANUS M ELANIO

*C AT.N.

1 7

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C A(SI)NUS A GRICOLA

C URATOR

L US1T.

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

1 8

1 9

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

L EGATUS I UR.

P ROV.TARRAC.

V

R ABANAL,1982 ,N 1 00

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

.US F LAM IN1US P RISCUS

•C AT.N.

R ANKS

A

H

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

G RANIO F ORTI

V ET. L EG.V 1I G EM INA

F A

0 41,20

V ET.LEG.VII G EMINA

F A

C IL,I1,2640

0 .C 1J 1ELIUS C ELER

V ET L EG.!! A D.

F A

M ACIAS,1903 ,11

0 .CUMELIUS R UFINUS

M ILES L EG.II A D.

F A

M ANANES ,1982,30

F A

M ANANES,1982 ,31

P ROCURATOR A UG.

F A

C IL,I1,2642

P ROCURATOR A ST. E T G ALLAE.

F A

C IL,I1,2643

L UCUS

F A

C IL,I1,2638

A STURICENSI

F A

C IL,I1,5124

F A

M ACIAS,1903 ,N 9

F A

C IL,I1,4198

F A

C ML,18

F A

C IL,11,5076

V ETTIAE S ABINA A ELIA P RISCILLA *C AT.N.

2 0

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P LAC IDO P LACIDO P AP IA M AXIM INA

*C AT.N.

2 1

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C UMELLIUS M ASCELLIUS •C AT.N.

2 2

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P USCUS D ORILSIS

M ILES E X C ON.

T HRACUM

C .IULI M ARTIAL •C AT.N.

2 3

D OM. S EROUS F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

D OMITIO ...0

E OUES A LAE

C .CORNELIUS S ERENUS

E O.ALAE

•C AT.N.

2 4

I F LAV IA

D OMO T ALABACA E IUSD. M UNICIPI

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C ALPURNIUS O UADRATUS I USTINAE •C AT.N.

2 5

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

T RUTTEDIUS C LEMENS K ARRINIAE P ROCULAE

•C AT.N.

2 6

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

.MEMM IUS B ARBARUS

F LAXEN P .H.C. T RIB.MIL.LEG.T

I TALIAE

S ACERDOS R OMAE E T A UG.

*C AT.N.

2 7

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C .IULIO F IDO

F LAMEN P .H.C.

I ULIAE...

*C AT.N.

2 8

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

L .POMPEIO F AVENTINO

F LAMEN P .H.C.

V AL. A RAB1CA

*C AT.N.

2 9

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A URELIAE K ARELINAE

F LAM 1NICA P .H.C.

E X C LUNIENSIS

L IC IN1 S PARSI

F LAMEN

C IVES T ARRAC.

M ILES L EG.X G EM INA

B ATR.

*C AT.N.

3 0

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

L .00TAV IUS M AGIUS

*C AT.N.

3 1

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C .PELGUS C LEMENS

V ET.LEG.X G EMINA

C .PELGUS P RIMUS

L IB.

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

3 2

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F A

C ML,19

F A

C IL,I1,2641

F A

C ML,18

F A

M AC IAS,1903 ,1 1 4 9

I MPERIAL S LAVE

F A

C ML,15

A UG.D15PENSATOR

F A

M ACIAS ,1903 ,17

A UG. D ISPENSATOR

F A

M ACIAS ,1903,N 1 8

M EMBERS O F F UNERARY C OLLEGE

F A

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA M ILES L EG.X G EM INA

*C AT.N.

3 3

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

M .VALERIUS L ICINIUS •C AT.N.

3 4

M ILES L EG .X G EM INA

3 5

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

M .PERSIUS B LAESUS *C AT.N.

3 6

M ILES L EG X G EM INA

D OM.MASTA

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

S IMILI *C AT.N.

E X.M.CAS(tu lonens is)

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C .COELIUS V ALENS *C AT.N.

M ILES L EG.V II G EMINA

3 7

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A ELIAE M YRSINE L UPIANUS

*C AT.N.

3 8

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A UGUSTALIS L UP IANUS

•C AT.N.

3 9

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A UR.VEGETUS A UR.DENTO *C AT.N.

C ML,21 M ANANES,1982 ,13

4 0

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

L .VALERIUS

A V IUM I NSPEX,LIB.

F A

C IL,I1,5078

L . A UCTUS F ELICIO

*C AT.N.

4 1

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P ROCULO

F A

0 41,22 M ANANES ,1982 ,73

*C AT.N.

4 2

F IND-S P OT: A STORGA

..EXUPERATA

F B

M ACIAS ,1903 ,37

A STURICA

F B

C IL,I1,2648

D OMO R OMA

F B

C IL,11,2650

F B

M ACIAS ,1903 ,N 4 4

F B

C ML,22

M ARCUS

*C AT.N.

4 3

L IC INAE S PARSI

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA F .PROCULAE

L UC I(us) L USI(us)

*C AT.N.

4 4

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C .IULIUS B ATIALUS ,

L IB.

C .1ULIUS S OLINUS L .IULIUS A TT1CUS

*C AT.N.

4 5

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

T .IULIO V EGETO S AB 1NUS

*C AT.N.

L IB.

4 6

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

F LA.LEONAE F LA.FLORILLAE F LA.FLORO F LA. A MBATIO F LA. M ARTILLIA

6 2

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

4 7

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F B

C ML,16

F 6

M ACIAS,1903,28

F B

M ACIAS ,1903 ,45

F 8

M ACIAS,1903 ,40

F 8

R ABANAL,1982,101

F 8

C IL,I1,2656

F 8

M ACIAS ,1903 ,30

F 8

M ACIAS,1903,46

F 8

M ACIAS ,1903,50

F A

C IL,I1,2643

F 8

A LLER,1978 ,38

F A

C ML,14

F 8

0 11,22

F B

C ML,17

F B

C IL,I1,2658

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

S ULPIC IO P LACIDINO S ULP IC IUS M ESSOR *C AT.N.

4 8

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C ORNELIA M ATERNA A NTONINIAE A EIANAE •C AT.N.

4 9

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

I UL. A MMAE *C AT.N.

5 0

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C IA. A B IC..?

•C AT.N.

5 1

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C ASSIO D ION C ASS IO A R MES ILAOS *C AT.N.

5 2

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

L YDE

S LAVE

T HAUMASTUS

S LAVE

C .LUSII S ATÜRNINI

•C AT.N.

5 3

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C .LICIN IUS F ELIX P LAC IDUS

S LAVES

F ELICULA F LORUS

*C AT.N.

C .LIC. N IM(eri)

5 4

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

I UNIAE B LAESILLAE I ULIUS O CULATIUS *C AT.N.

5 5

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

.E T YCHE

*C AT.N.

5 6

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

I ULIAE P ROPIDI P . A EL. E USTONUS

*C AT.N.

5 7

A UG. L IB. F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

WOELIA

•C AT.N.

5 8

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA C IVIS G RAMKATICUS

*C AT.N.

5 9

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

D ATIVO I ULIANAE

*C AT.N.

6 0

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C ORINTHIA

*C AT.N.

6 1

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P OMPEIAE M USAE P OMPEIA E PICLESIS

6 3

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

6 2

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F B

C IL,I1,2659

F 8

M ACIAS ,1903 ,36

F 8

M ACIAS ,1903 ,47

F 6

C ML,20

F

M ACIAS ,1903 ,29

F 8

C IL,II.2652

F

C ML,22

F 8

C IL,I1,2657

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

L . R UF 1 0 M ATERNO R UFIUS T RYPHAENA

*C AT.N.

6 3

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

S ULP ICIUS P ARIS S ULPICIA P ELAGIA *C AT.N.

6 4

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

T . S EP. M ARTIALLI S EP. B ERULLA •C AT.N.

6 5

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

L . A NNIO A BASCANTO T ERENTIAE A NNIAE T ERENTIA A P...

•C AT.N.

6 6

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

D CMITIAE P OSTUKAE V AL. F USCUS

*C AT.N.

6 7

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A ELIAE R HODINE C ALP. C ALVUS •C AT.N.

6 8

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

S ES. C HRESTUS S ESTIAE

I ULIAE

•C AT.N.

6 9

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P ELLIAE V ISAL1 F . V ISALIAE V ISALI F CAES IAE C LOUTA I

F .

C OPORINO C OPORI D CMITIUS S ENECIO

*C AT.N.

7 0

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA F

C ALPURNIA E LAN'S *C AT.N.

7 1

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA F

0 41,21

C ILENA

F B

C IL,I1,5886

L EMAVA,>ERITAECO

F B

A E,1982,575

F 6

0 41,14

A RO S UCESAE A RO T RITEI

*C AT.N.

C OPORI

7 2

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A MMIA P RISCA A ELIUS P ROCULUS

*C AT.N.

7 3

F ABIA E BURI

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

F .

O DE M

V IRIUS C AESI F .

*C AT.N.

7 4

F USCA C OELI S ECO ILA...DI S ECO ILA

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA C ELTICA S UPERTAMARCA.>BLAN10-

F .

..DI

B RENSI

F . F .

6 4

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

R ANKS

7 5

7 6

7 7

7 8

7 9

8 0

8 1 F .

8 2

8 3

8 4

8 5

8 6

S EURRUS T RANSM INI

F C

M ACIAS ,1903 ,43

C ELTICUS S UPERTAMARCUS

F C

C IL.11,508 1

C ELTICUS S UPERTAMARCUS

F C

M ANANES ,1982 ,39

L EG IRNICORUM , B RIGAECINA

F C

M ANANES,1982 ,33

T RITAL1CUM

F C

C IL,I1,5077

F C

C 11,11,5080

F D

C ML,22

F . A ELI(...)?

F IND-S P OT: C . A VELLAS

8 7

8 9

N

C IL,I1,2607

V

B

N

C 11,11,2607

F .

F C

C IL,I1,5652

F C

A LVES,1934 ,14

F C

A LVES ,1934,13

F C

C 11,11,5654

F D

C IL,11,5653

F C

C 11,11,5655

F IND-SPOT: C . A VELLAS

9 0

F IND-SPOT: C . A VELLAS

I UMURIA T URAI

F .

9 1

F IND-SPOT: C . A VELLAS

B LOENAE V IRONI

*C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: C . A VELLAS

A RATORI

F .

9 2

F IND-SPOT: C . A VELLAS F .

9 3

V A. . 110 C ILI

✓

F IND-SPOT: C . A VELLAS

8 8

L U... C ORNELI

C IL,I1,5665

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P ROCULEIO G RACILI

*C AT.N.

N

C ML 11 5

O RDO 2 DELARUM

*C AT.N.

C

F C

M . A CIDIUS

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A URELIO F ORTUNATI

*C AT.N.

R ABANAL,1982 ,N 14

U XAMA I BARCENS IS

M ODIA V ICTORIA S OFIA

*C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

P RCCULUS

*C AT.N.

C

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

A ELIA V ERINA

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

C LARINUS C LARI

*C AT.N.

M ACIAS,1903 ,4

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

•C AT.N.

C G

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

F .MATERNUS

•C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

0 .VARIUS R EBURRI

•C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: A STORGA

B AEBIUS L ATRO N IGRI F .

•C AT.N.

O RIGO

F IND-SPOT: C . A VELLAS F .

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

9 4

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F A

A LVES,1934,7

F IND-SPOT: B ABE

U LPURNIO R EBURRINO *C AT.N.

O RIGO

9 5

EWES

F IND-SPOT: B ABE

T .I.L.

V

8

G

A LVES,1934,4

P .P. *C AT.N.

9 6

F IND-SPOT: B ANUNCIAS

L .COSCONIUS L .F.

*C AT.N.

A UGUR

9 7

V ALLATENS IS

F A

C IL,I1,2647

F 6

C MZ 14 5

F 8

C MZ,45

F IND-SPOT: B ENAV ENTE

P OSTUMIAE P .F. P RISCILLAE P OSTUMIUS P RISCUS

*C AT.N.

9 8

F IND-SPOT: B ENAVENTE

P OSEYMIAE S OTIRAE P . P OSTUMIUS P RISCUS

•C AT.N.

9 9

F IND-SPOT: S ONAR

L .ULPIUS S .F. A LEXIS

A QU ILEGUS

V

8

S

C IL,I1,2694 0 .SANTOS 11 986

*C AT.N.

1 00

F IND-S P OT: B ORINES

A NTONIO P ATERNO •C AT.N.

1 01

E X G ENTE A BLA IDACORWM

1 02

1 03

1 04

1 05

1 06

1 07

C IL,I1 12 502

F 8

C IL,I1,2503

F C

A E,1982,572

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA F .

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

1 08

1 09

10

F LAV IO B EDUNO

F C

A LVES,1934,9

F C

C IL,II,2510

F C

C IL,I1,2508

F C

C IL,II,2507

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

F RONTONIS F .

*C AT.N.

C IL,I1,5212

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

P ROCULO S ILONIS F . *C AT.N.

7

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

M ARCO G RACILIS F .

*C AT.N.

A E,1973 13 14

F 8

F C *C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

P ROCULO R EBURRINI

*C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

C AP I TO *C AT.N.

C IL,I1 12 509

V

N . S ULPICIUS F LA WS

*C AT.N.

F D F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

C ORNELIUS V ITALIS *C AT.N.

C IL,I1,27 10

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

A LBUTIO C APITONI *C AT.N.

F 8

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

11

O RIGO

12

F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

13

*C AT.N.

14

•C AT.N.

15

L EGATUS A UG . P R.PR.

F LAV IA

18

•C AT.N.

F C

A E,1982 ,573

A

N

C IL,11,2703

✓

A

N

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1986 ,N

V

8

S

D IEGO S AN1OS ,1986 ,N

A RGAELORUM

V

8

N

C IL,I1,5672

I NTERAM ICUS,>LOUCICCELUM

F C

C ML,3

F C

D IEGO S ANT0S ,1986 ,21

F 8

C ML,60

F 8

0 41,6 1

F 8

D IEGO

F IND-S P OT: C ACABELOS

19

F IND-SPOT: C ACABELOS F .

1 20

F IND-SPOT: C ACABELOS

A UR. P ATERNO C AESARIANO

•C AT.N.

C IL,I1,2501

F IND-SPOT: C ACABELOS

F L(F)

F ESTUS L OVESSI

F C

F IND-SPOT: C ACABELOS

17

•C AT.N.

C IL,11 12 505

V

C LAUDIUS C APITO

•C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: C ABO T ORRES

16

•C AT.N.

C IL,I1,2506

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA F .

C N.CALPURNIOS P ISO *C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

C ORRELIO C EACIL1

C ARITONI L ICINI

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: B RAGANZA

D OM ITIA N OLAESI F .

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

1 21

F IND-SPOT: C ACABELOS

D IDIUS H ERMCOORUS F ELISS1MA

*C AT.N.

1 22

F IND-SPOT: C ACABELOS

C ELIO I ANUARIO M ORINIS

*C AT.N.

1 23

F IND-S P OT: C ACABELOS

R UFINUS B EIBALUS R UFINUS...

*C AT.N.

S ANTOS,1986 ,N 2 26

1 24

F IND-SPOT: C AMPO

G RANIUS S ABINUS *C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

1 25

1 26

L EG. L EG.

✓

A

G

R ABANAL,1982,154

✓

C

S

C IL,I1,2695

F IND-SPOT: C ANDANEDO D E F ENAR

F IND-SPOT: C ARMENES

A LLAE

V IANCIORUM

F B

R ABANAL,1982,165

F C

D IEGO S ANT05 ,1986 ,22

A TILIA P ROCULA

*C AT.N.

1 27

F IND-SPOT: C ARRACEDELO

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

1 28

O RIGO

1 29

S AELIO E LAES I

*C AT.N.

1 30

1 31

F .

O NNACAUM E X G ENIE P ENIORUM

1 32

1 33

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N. O UR ISONI

*C AT.N.

1 34

1 35

*C AT.N.

F .

1 36

F 0

E RA,34

6

N

M ANANES,1982 ,N 1 01

F C

A LVES 11 934,46

F C

C MZ,17

F C

C M2,17

F C

A LVES ,1934 ,22

F C

A LVES,1934,1e

F C

A LVES,1934 ,19

F 6

E RA ,18

F B

C IL,I1 15 657

F A

C IL,I1,2631

F A

C IL,I1,2630

C ABARCUS > BERISO

F C

E RA ,17

L UGGONI A RGANTICAENI

✓

F IND-SPOT: D OMEZ

T ONCETANI

1 37

F .

F IND-SPOT: D ONAI F .

1 38

F IND-SPOT: D ONAI . F

1 39

F IND-SPOT: D ONAI F .

1 40

...AE T ALAV I

E RA,33

F IND-SPOT: 0 04EZ

D OC IAE R EBURRI

•C AT.N.

F 6

✓

F .

B ALAESO C APALI *C AT.N.

A E,1982 ,574

F IND-SPOT: D EVEZA D E V 1LANOVA

F LAVO F RCNTONI

*C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: C UEVAS F .

R EBURRINO R EBURRI

A STURIO L OGEI

B SAA,1977

F IND-SPOT: C OFINO

F RONTO R EBURRI

•C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: C OFINO

A MM IAE C AELIONICAE

*C AT.N.

B SAA ,1977

F IND-SPOT: C ASTRO V ICENTE

S CORCIA

•C AT.N.

F C F IND-SPOT: C ASTILLO D E A LBA

F .

P INTICILI P INTOV I *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: C ARVAJALES D E A LBA

C AENO A RC MS F . *C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: D ORIGA F .

1 41

F IND-SPOT: D UAS E GREJAS

C .ANNIO S ILVAN ( ) L .ANNIUS R UFINUS

*C AT.N.

1 42

F IND-SPOT:

F . E NCALADA

M .VOLUMNIUS

*C AT.N.

M ILES L EG .X G EMINA

1 43

F IND-SPOT:

F . E MCALADA

M .VALER1US S ECUNDUS

*C AT.N.

1 44

F LAUS A ULENDI

*C AT.N.

1 45

V ETERANUS

F IND-SPOT: G ODAN F .

F IND-SPOT: G RASES 6

N

E RA ,11

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

1 46

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

✓

E RA,7

F IND-SPOT: L A I SLA

P LEVEIUS

B

G

F RON T O

*C AT.N.

1 47

F IND-SPOT: L AMPACAS F C

A UNIAE P RITI F . *C AT.N.

1 48

F IND-SPOT: L ANCIA ✓

*C AT.N.

1 49

1 50

•C AT.N.

1 51

1 52

F C

I MPERIAL F REEDMAN

V

1 53

1 54

E RA ,16

A

S

A E 91 977 ,445

F C

E RA,38

F C

E RA,39

F IND-SPOT: L ECES

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C N.L.TERTIUS H OMULLUS

•C AT.N.

A LLER,1978 ,3

F IND-SPOT: L ECES

M . L ICINIUS

•C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: T RIVES

I UL. G RACILIS

•C AT.N.

C

F IND-SPOT: L ARON

L . V ALERIUS P OSTUMUS

•C AT.N.

A LVES ,1934,38

L EG. L EGIONIS V IIG.

V

A

S

C 11,11 15 084

L EG. L EGIONIS V IIG.

V

A

S

C 11,11,5676

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C N.L.TERRENTIUS H OMULLUS

A E 11 974,390

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

1 55

1 56

F IND-SPOT: L EON

1 57

1 58

A E,1976 ,287

V A

H

C IL 1I 1,2664

F IND-SPOT: P RAVIA F D

..ARIO S ESTI

*C AT.N.

N

F IND-SPOT: L EON P .P. L EG. V II G EM INA

•C AT.N.

V A

E RA ,20

F IND-SPOT: L EON L EG . L EG V II G EM INA

L .ATTIUS M ACRO

V

A

G

C 11,11,5083 M .PASTOR,1977

*C AT.N.

1 59

F IND-S P OT: L EON

T IB.CL.POMPEIANUS

*C AT.N.

1 60

1 6 1

1 62

1 63

C .IULIUS C EREALIS

G

A E,197 1,208

L EGATUS L EG. V II G EMINA

V

A

G

C 11,11,2660

L EG.AUG.PR.PR.MOES.INF.ET H .C.

V

A

G

C I1,11,5679

P ROCURATOR A UGUSTOR(rum)

V A

G

C IL,I1,5678

L EG.AUG.PR.PR.PR.H.N.C.ANTON.

V

H

C IL,I1,5680

F IND-SPOT: L EON

F LACCUS A ELIANUS

*C AT.N.

A

F IND-SPOT: L EON

T .PCMPONIUS P ROCULUS

*C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: L EO N

0 .TULLIUS M AXIMUS

*C AT.N.

T RIBUNUS L EG. V II G EM INA

F IND-SPOT: L EON

69

A

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA

N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

1 64

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F A

C 11,11,2668

F IND-SPOT: L EON

L UCRETIO P ROCULO

C USTOS A RMORUM

V AL. A MME- L UCRETIO P RO(CUL0)-

F .ALLER,49

V AL.MARCELLINUS

*C AT.N.

1 65

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

A URELIO I ULIANO

M ILES L EG.VII G EMINA

F A

C M1,34

V ET. L EG.V II G EM INA

F

C ML,35

M ILES

F A

C IL,I1,2669

F

A

C IL,I1,5681

F A

C IL,I1,5682

C IVI Z ELAE

F A

C IL,I1,5684

N ATIO(NE S )AX.

F A

C ML,52

F

A

A EAR0.,1966

V IMINACIENSI

F

B

C IL,I1,267 1

S ALDANAESI

F

6

C 11,11,2670

O RBIENIC ( um)

F

B

C IL,I1,5694

I NTERCANTI(ensi)S

F

B

A E,1978,431

U XAMENS(sis)

F

B

C IL,I1,5685

F

S

C ML,33

P OSTUMIA M ARCELLA

* C AT.N.

1 66

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

C .ENNIUS F ELIX

A

A NNETIAE F ESTIVAE

* C AT.N.

1 67

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

A EMILIO F LAVO A EMILIA...

•C AT.N.

1 68

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

P .A.RUF0 •C AT.N.

M ILES L EG.V II 1 69

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

L .CAMPILO P ATERNO

*C AT.N.

1 70

G EMINA

EWES A LAE F LAVIAE

F IND-SPOT: L EON

T ITO M ONTANIO F RONTON!

C USTOS A RMORUM

T .MONTANIUS M ATERNUS

•C AT.N.

1 71

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

M .AUREL.VICTOR.

•C AT.N.

1 72

M ILES L EG V II

F IND-SPOT:

G EMINA

L EON

P OPILIUS R ESPECTOR

L ICTOR E X D ECURIA L ICTORUM

F LAVIAE C ANDIDAE

*C AT.N.

1 73

F IND-SPOT:

A DIO F LACCO T URENNI C AESARD(ia)VEDAI

F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT:

1 74

L . L OLLIO K ATERNI

L EON

F .

L EON

F . L OLLIANO

L OLIUS M ATERNUS

*C AT.N.

1 75

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

L ICINI A LLETIS

*C AT.N.

1 76

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

L UCRETIAE A P.AE T .SEMP(ron ius?)

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

1 77

1 78

F IND-SPOT:

F IND-SPOT:

L EON

L EON

70

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

1 79

O RIGO

T P O R D

R EFERENCE

F B

C 11,11,2690

F B

C IL,I1,5658

F B

C IL,I1,2678

F

C 11,11,2685

F 8

A LLER, 1 978 ,33

F B

C IL,I1,2687

F 8

C IL,I1,6592

F 8

C IL,I1,2689

F 8

C IL,11,569 1

F B

A LLER,1978 ,N

F B

C IL,11,2679

F 8

A LLER, 1 978 ,N

F B

C IL,I1,5696

F 8

C IL,I1,2683

F IND-SPOT: L EON

T .RESTUTA H ERMIONI

*C AT.N.

1 80

F IND-SPOT: L EON

S ILV IO S ILVANO S ILV IUS C ALVUS *C AT.N.

1 81

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A PONIA A CIA

•C AT.N.

1 82

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C . O CULATIO O CULATINO O CULATIUS C ATURIS

•C AT.N.

1 83

F IND-SPOT: L EON

G . T ER. C HARITON! R ESTUTA

•C AT.N.

1 84

F IND-SPOT: L EON

P CMPEIO P ATERNO L ICINIA M ARCELLA

•C AT.N.

1 85

F IND-SPOT: L EON

H ELICON! T AUTIUS A SCLEPIADES •C AT.N.

1 86

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A NNETIA A ROCAE A LLES

*C AT.N.

1 87

F IND-SPOT: L EON

H ELENE H ERMCOORUS S EXTILIA M ARTIAL I S

*C AT.N.

1 88

F IND-SPOT: L EO N

C ALITYCHENI A BASCANTUS S CINTILLA

*C AT.N.

1 89

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A TTIO R EBURINO *C AT.N.

1 90

F IND-SPOT: L EON

F LA.ERASTION1 H IERONIS F .

*C AT.N.

1 91

L . P ACCIO P ACCI

F IND-SPOT: L EON F .

S EMPRON1A A NNA

*C AT.N.

1 92

F IND-SPOT: L EON

L ICINIE A TTE G . A PONIUS M ATERNUS

71

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

1 93

O RIGO

T P O R 0

R EFERENCE

F

C IL,I1,5695

F 8

A E,1979 13 63

F 8

C IL,I1,5689

F 6

C ML,35

F B

C IL,I1,2686

F 8

0 11,52

F 8

A LLER,1978 ,24

F 8

C IL,I1,5088

F 8

C IL,I1,5659

F 6

C IL,11,5700

F 6

C IL,I1,5688

F 6

C IL,I1,2682

F 8

C ML,33

F S

C IL,I1,2673

F B

C IL,I1,2684

F IND-SPOT: L EON

L ICI(n io) G .ELA(n ius)

*C AT.N.

1 94

*C AT.N.

1 95

F IND-SPOT: L EON

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C ANDIDE K ARTIALIS

*C AT.N.

1 96

F IND-SPOT: L EON

F LAVOS *C AT.N.

1 97

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A SATO •C AT.N.

1 98

F IND-SPOT: L EON

F LA.SABINO

L ANC(iensi)

F LA. F ESTUS

•C AT.N.

1 99

F IND-SPOT: L EON

H YG INIAE M ERCURIUS V ITAL I S

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

2 00

2 01

F IND-S P OT: L EON

F IND-SPOT: L EON

S ILV IAE C ALV INAE C . S ILV IO A NN(ius) S ILV IUS C ALV INUS

*C AT.N.

2 02

F IND-SPOT: L EON

L .TERENTIO 0 .F.REBURRO T ERENTIUS...

•C AT.N.

2 03

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A NTONIA F LAV IA A NTONIUS F LAVUS

*C AT.N.

2 04

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C ABRILIO G RACILIS F . *C AT.N.

2 05

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C OELIO P ATIENTI P ATIENTIS F . S EMPRONIUS...

•C AT.N.

2 06

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A EBUTIAE A TTUAE A EBUTI

F .

A PONIUS P RI(m it)IVUS

*C AT.N.

2 07

N INIC1E A TTE

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

2 08

O RIGO

R EFERENCE

F B

C IL,I1,2674

F

B

C IL,I1,2675

F

B

C ML,34

F

6

C IL,I1,2677

F B

C IL,I1,2676

F 8

0 41,52

F A

A E,1971,207

F IND-SPOT: L EON

...NIUS S ATURNINUS

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

2 09

F IND-SPOT: L EON

L .AEMILIO A NM..

F . V ALENTI

( A)MM IA A ROCIA •C AT.N.

2 10

F IND-SPOT: L EON

I UNIUS F USCUS F ULI S ATURNINI

•C AT.N.

2 11

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A LLOW! M ERCURIUS T AVV ITALIS

•C AT.N.

2 12

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A EM ILIAE A MMIAE M .F. A EM ILIUS R ESUS •C AT.N.

2 13

F IND-SPOT: L EON

L CM IETO A RCONDO A BRUNI

F .

C LAUDIA A RABICA

•C A LM.

2 14

F IND-SPOT: L EON

F LAV IO P ISTO

L IB.

C RISTE

S LAVES

M ARCELLUS A RCHELAV I

•C AT.N.

2 15

F IND-SPOT: L EON

L .CASSIUS P AULLUS

V

8

F

C

G

R ARANAL,1982 ,15

M .CASSIUS A GRIPPA

*C AT.N.

2 16

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C AEC ILIA M ATERNA

•C AT.N.

2 17

C AIBALIg(um)

F IND-SPOT: L EON

H ILCM IUS

*C AT.N.

S LAVE

2 18

2 19

2 20

2 21

2 22

.M ARCI

C 11,11,2672

F

C

C 11,11,2681

F

B

C IL,I1,2680

F .

F D

C MZ,36

F D

C I1,11,2688

F IND-SPOT: L EON

V ALER1US M AXIMUS T .AELI

C

F IND-SPOT: L EON

G .AEMILIUS T ALAV I

*C AT.N.

F

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A TTIAE M ALDUNAE R EBURRINIF.

*C AT.N.

C IL,11,5697

F IND-SPOT: L EON

G .AURELIUS F RATERNUS *C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: L EON

A EBUTIAE A TTE A EBUTI F . *C AT.N.

0 41,35

F .

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA R ANKS

N AMES

*C AT.N.

2 23

*C AT.N.

2 24

O RIGO

2 25

2 26

F D

C ML,36

F D

C ML,36

F 0

C ML,36

F IND-SPOT: L EON

F IND-SPOT: L EON

C .APONIO ... *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: L EON

..UDA C ARANCA

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: L EON ✓

*C AT.N.

2 27

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

2 28

2 29

2 30

G

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1986 12 3

F IND-SPOT: L UYEGO

I VL.CAPITO

•C AT.N.

D

M ILES C ON.I G .E.)

F A

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1986 ,22

V EX. L EG . V II G EmINA

✓

A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1986 ,32

L EG. V II G EmINA

✓

A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1986 ,34

✓

A

N

M ACIAS ,1903 ,1

F IND-SPOT: L UYEGO

F IND-SPOT: L UYEGO

F IND-SPOT: M ILLA D EL R IO

R ES P UBLICA A STURICA A UGUSTA G .PACATUM

, KAG(istros)

F L.PROCULUM I ULIO N EPOTE *C AT.N.

2 31

F IND-SPOT: M IRAVALLES

S EVERILLE

•C AT.N.

2 32

F 6

E RA,27

F C

C IL,I1,2642

F 6

E RA,23

F C

B IDEA ,1967 ,35

F C

E RA,26

F C

E RA,25

F IND-SPOT: M EIXEDO

B OV IAE

L IB.

A RRENAE I UC I

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

2 33

2 34

A RUS V INICI

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: C ONCEJO D E M IERES

F IND-SPOT: M OLLEDA

F .

2 35

V INCI A NUM F IND-SPOT: N ARANCO

C AESARONI T ABALI

F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: N ARANCO

2 36

0 .VENDIRICUS A GEDI

*C AT.N.

2 37

F .

F IND-SPOT: N ARAVAL

L .SER(v ius) S ECUNDUS

*C AT.N.

2 38

A ELIO S PORO I ULIUS F LAV INUS A TILIUS A STUR

✓

B

N

E RA,10

F IND-SPOT: N AV IA F B

E RA,15

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

2 39

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F B

D IEGO

F IND-SPOT: N OCEDA D EL B IERZO

C OELIE G RAN! LANT.FLAVUS

*C AT.N.

S ANTOS,1986 ,N 2 24

2 40

F IND-SPOT: N OCEDA D EL B IERZO

F LAV INUS F LAV I

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

2 41

V

8

N

M ANANES,1982 ,104

F IND-SPOT: O LES

2 42

A RAVO L ICINI *C AT.N.

F .

F D

E RA ,28

F C

E RA,29

F C

A LVES,1934,28

F 8

C IL,I1,2487

F B

C IL,I1,2488

F B

A LVES,1934,30

F 6

A LVES,1934 ,3

F C

A LVES,1934 ,33

F C

A LVES,1934 ,35

F C

A LVES,1934,36

F C

A LVES,1934 ,34

F C

A LVES,1934,32

F 8

C IL,I1,2614

F 8

C IL,I1,26 15

F IND-SPOT: O LES F .

O ILARIDU(m)

2 43

F IND-SPOT: P ALACOULO

T AURINO T AURINAE

*C AT.N.

2 44

F IND-SPOT: P ESTIOUEIRA

L OUCI...MATURI

F .

> SAOUA

M AXUM INUS

*C AT.N.

2 45

F IND-SPOT: P ESTIOUEIRA

P ICTELACEA P ICTELACI

F .

M ODESTUS

•C AT.N.

2 46

F IND-SPOT: P ICOTE

A RRIUS P LACIDUS A LL 1 0

•C AT.N.

2 47

F RONTON! R UFI

F IND-SPOT: P ICOTE F .

L IB.

A TAN1 R UF I NA

*C AT.N.

2 48

F IND-SPOT: P ICOTE

R EBURRINO B OUT! *C AT.N.

2 49

F IND-SPOT: P ICOTE

D ANA

*C AT.N.

2 50

F IND-S P OT: P ICOTE

S ILVIAE A NULLAE

2 51

F IND-SPOT: P ICOTE

D EOCEANAE C ARET(i)F.

*C AT.N.

2 52

R UFINO R UFI

•C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: P ICOTE

F .

2 53

F IND-SPOT: P INO

C ALPURNIUS S EVERINUS R EBURRINIAE C ALPURNIAE

•C AT.N.

2 54

D OMITIUS P ROCULUS M AXIM INA A URELIO

F IND-SPOT: P INO

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

2 55

2 56

*C AT.N.

F .

2 58

2 60

C IL,I1,26 15

✓

D

G

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1986 ,45

✓

B

N

C I1,11,5669

✓

C

N

E RA ,APEND ICE N .1

✓

8

G

E RA ,6

✓

D

G

E RA,2

F IND-SPOT: P UMARIN

2 6 1

•C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: P UEBLA D E S .MAMED R OZAS

T .POMPE1US P EREGRINIANUS •C AT.N.

C MZ,36

F IND-SPOT: P ONFERRADA

2 59

•C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: P ONFERRADA

L . P OMPEIUS P ATERNUS

*C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: P INO

2 57

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: P INO

I OV INO E LGUISTERI

*C AT.N.

O RIGO

F IND-SPOT: P UMARIN

2 62

F IND-SPOT: Q UILONO

M AX IMO R UBIDI

F .

F 8

E RA ,21

P ROVES 1CA

•C AT.N.

2 63

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: Q U INTANA D EL M ARCO

2 64

*C AT.N.

✓

C

S

M AC IAS,1903 ,3

✓

C

G

M ACIAS ,1903,7

F IND-SPOT: Q U INTANILLA D E S OMOZA

2 65

F IND-SPOT: R ABANALES

V AL.RUFINO

F B

C M2 ,13

F C

0 42 ,14

F C

C le,14

F C

C M2,14

F C

0 42,14

F C

M ARTIN V ALLS ,198 1

F C

0 42,22

F C

A LVES ,1934,39

A TTIANUS R EUS

•C AT.N.

2 66

F IND-SPOT: R ABANALES

C LOUTIO T RITI

*C AT.N.

2 67

A UNIAE T URA!

*C AT.N.

2 68

F IND-SPOT: R ABANALES F .

2 69

Q UINTO V IBI

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: R ABANALES F .

P OTIO A LIONI *C AT.N.

F .

F IND-SPOT: R ABANALES

F .

2 70

F IND-SPOT: R ABANALES

C ADARNAE E LASI

*C AT.N.

2 7 1

A NUAE E LAESI

*C A LM.

F .

F IND-SPOT: R ABANO D E S ANABR1A F .

2 72

A RAO A RONIS F .

F IND-SPOT: R EBORDAOS

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

2 73

O RIGO

2 74

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: R ICO6AY0

2 75

M ART I AE

2 76

E RA,4

F .

2 77

F 8

D DIEGO S ANTOS ,1954,4

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,48

F C

B SAA,1982

F IND-SPOT: R ICOBAY0

C ALPURNIO C APITONIS F .

2 78

F IND-SPOT: L EON ✓ A

*C AT.N.

2 79

C IL,I1,2662

F A

0 I2 ‚ 50

D OMO U GIA

F A

C NZ,51

D OMO C HUM

✓ A

G

N ANANES ,1982,w 1 09

A LA 1 F LAVIA

✓ A

N

A E, 1 976 ,287

E OUITES L EG V II G EM INA

✓ A

N

C IL,I1,2663

M ILES L EG.X G EM INA

2 80

F IND-SPOT: R OSINOS D E V IDRIALES

L .HERENIUS G ALLICUS •C AT.N.

N

F IND-SPOT: R OSINOS D E V IDRIALES

P .COSCONIUS •C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: R ICOBAY0

C AMALIA C AELEN1

*C AT.N.

✓ C

F IND-SPOT: R ICO8AY0 F .

*C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: R ELLON D E M ERAS

C URUNDAE 8 ALAES1

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

2 8 1

M ILES L EG.X. G EMINA

F IND-SPOT: R OSINOS D E V IDRIALES

M .SELLIUS M ONORATUS

P RAEF.E0.ALAE I F LAV IA

E X P ROV-MAURITANIA C AES. *C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

2 82

2 83

2 85

*C AT.N.

2 87

F C

A LVES,1934 ,41

F C

A LVES,1934 ,43

F C

A LVES,1934,42

2 88

F C

E RA ,30

F IND-SPOT: S ACO IAS

F IND-SPOT: S ALES

2 89

2 90

C .IULIUS S ILANUS

F .

F IND-SPOT: S ALDANHA

D OMITIUS P EREGRINUS

*C AT.N.

C I1 ,11,5620

F IND-SPOT: S ACO IAS F .

G A. . TER D O IDERO A MBATI

*C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: S ACO IAS f .)

2 86

B OVIUS T ALOGI

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: S ACO IAS

F .

A RRO C LOUT(i

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: R UIFORCO

2 84

F LAVO F ESTI

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: R osimos D E V IDRIALES

V ET. L EG. V II G EMINA

✓ A

G

A E,1974,393 B IS

✓ B

N

M HA ,1881,257 -8

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIBANEZ D E B EMBIBRE

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

2 9 1

O RIGO

T P O R D

R EFERENCE

F B

A E,1976 ,290

F 6

A E,1976 ,290

F B

A E,1976 ,290

F C

A 1VES ,1934,45

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIBANEZ D E V IDRIALES

A NNIE M ONTANE C AENIA *C AT.N.

2 92

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIBANEZ D E V IDRIALES

F LAV IO T ERTULLO L URIA V ICTORINA *C AT.N.

2 93

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIBANEZ D E V IDRIALES

A NNIO F RONTONI A TTIA C EMIA *C AT.N.

2 94

F IND-SPOT: S ANTULHAO

S EXTO A LAVI F .

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N. A TERNU . *C AT.N.

2 95

2 96

> OUELEDIANI

V

B

G

C ML,3

C LU(n iensis?)

F 8

M ANANES,1982 ,131

C ILINUM

F C

C ML,79

F 8

I RG ,IV ,124

F IND-SPOT: S TA.COLOMA D E S OMOZA

.I F . 2 97

A LBINUS A LBURI

•C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: S .ANDRES D E M ONTEJOS

F IND-SPOT: S TA.COLOMBA D E S OMOZA F .

2 98

F IND-SPOT: T RIVES

A TILIAE A NNAE A TILIUS A STUR

•C AT.N.

2 99

F LAV IUS T URONI •C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: S .ESTEBAN D E T ORAL F .

3 00

V

N

M NA,198 1,259

F IND-S P OT: S .ESTEBAN D E L A R UA

P OMPE10 R EBURRO F ARRO *C AT.N.

8

3 01

M ILES C ON. V II P RAETORIA

G IGURRO ,CALUBAIGENSI

F A

C 11,11,26 10

F 8

K AMANES ,1982,130

V

B

I RG 1 I V ,101

F B

I RG ,IV ,119

F C

M ANANES,1982 ,128

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1986 ,23

F A

A E,1979 ,364

F IND-SPOT: S .JUSTO D E L A V EGA

L .CALPURNIO F LACCO C ALPURNIUS P ATERNUS C ALPURNIUS P ROCULUS

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

3 02

F IND-SPOT: T RIVES

3 03

F IND-SPOT: T RIVES

P OPILIUS H IRSUTUS F LAV I V ENDIECI

*C AT.N.

3 04

F .

L ANCI(qum o r c iensis)DOMO V AC. F IND-SPOT: S TA.MARIA D E S OMOZA

T ONG I NUS

L USITANUS

L UBAEICI C ABRULEICI

*C AT.N.

3 05

F IND-SPOT: S TA.MARIA D E S OMOZA

M EMMIUS P ERPETUUS M ONTANI

*C AT.N.

3 06

F .

F IND-SPOT: S .MARTIN D E T ORRES M ILES

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA

N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

3 07

F IND-SPOT:

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

✓

8

N

M ANANES,1982,106

✓

8

N

M HA,1981,267

✓

A

H

M ANANES,1982,132

F

8

E RA,24

F

C

C MZ,11

F

C

B SAA,1975

V

8

F

B

D IEGO S ANTOS,1986 ,2

F

8

K ANANES,1982,125

✓

B

G

C IL,I1,2400

✓

8

G

E RA,3

M ILES L EG V II G EMINAS

✓

A

G

E RA,8

P RAEF. S YMMACHIAORUM A STURUM

F A

S .MIGUEL D E L ACIANA

C R. A RO

* C AT.N. L OG(IUS)

*C AT.N.

3 08

F IND-SPOT: S .PEDRO C ASTANERO

P AC (. ].

3 09

F IND-SPOT: S .PEDRO D E L A V I M A LA 1

*C AT.N.

3 10

V IANEGLO S EGEI

F IND-SPOT:

E X G ENTE A BILICORUM F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT:

3 11

P ISTIRO E LAESI

S .VITERO

F .

3 12

C ILIASA E LAES1

*C AT.N.

S .SEBASTIAN

F .

T IOGILUS C AESAR!

• C AT.N.

F LAVIA

F IND-SPOT: S EJAS D E A LISTE F .

3 13

F IND-SPOT:

S ERRAPIO A RRONIDAECI E T C OLIARCINI

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

3 14

3 15

G

E RA,1

F IND-SPOT: S ORRIBAS

F IND-SPOT:

T ARDEMEZAR

A LBANUS

S LAVE

E NDEGUS

S LAVE

C ALLUS

M .VALERI P ILAE

•C AT.N.

3 16

F IND-SPOT:

T RA8ANCA

A PPIUS C LAUD(ius)

*C AT.N.

3 17

F IND-SPOT:

T UNA

0 .P.

*C AT.N.

3 18

F IND-S P OT: U JO

L UCIUS C ORONA S EVERUS O CTAVIA P ROCULA

*C AT.N.

3 19

F IND-SPOT: U JO

G . S ULPICIO U RSULO

E RA,10

G . S ULPICIUS A FRICANUS

* C AT.N. G .

3 20

F IND-SPOT: U JO

S ULPICIUS A FRICANUS

*C AT.N.

3 21

3 22

3 23

N

E RA,9

✓

8

G

I RG,IV ,99

✓

B

G

C IL,I1,2611

✓

B

N

C EG ,25,1970 ,267

F IND-SPOT: B ARCO O E V ALDEORRAS

G .VETIUS F ELICIO

*C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAMARTIN D E V ALDEORRAS

M .AEMILIUS L EPIDINUS

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: B ARCO O E V ALDEORRAS

0 .IULIUS T IRO(nus)

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

3 24

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F B

E RA ,19

F IND-SPOT: V ALDUNO

S ESTIO M UNIGALICO P ROGENEI

F .

O UADRATUS F RIGENI *C AT.N.

3 25

F IND-SPOT: V EGA ✓

*C AT.N.

3 26

D

N

F DEZ . O CHOA ,1982 ,303

F IND-SPOT: V ALENCIA D E D . J UAN

V AL.1RENE

F 8

C IL,11.6381

F C

M .L.ALBERTOS ,1975,11

F LAV IO 8 000NTIO

*C AT.N.

3 27

F IND-SPOT: V ALENCIA D E D . J UAN

S ILVANA A ME

•C AT.N.

E TOMMOO(um)?

3 28

F IND-SPOT: E L V ALLE Y T EJEDO

M .IULIUS P ATERNUS •C AT.N.

3 29

( m ites) L EG V II G EM INA

M ILES L EG.V II G EMINA 3 30

3 31

3 32

F .

3 33

3 34

3 35

M HA ,1981,263

✓

8

N

C IL,I1,2523

✓

8

G

B . A UR.,197 1,289

✓

8

G

R A8ANAL,1982 ,14

✓

B

N

A LLER,16

F 6

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,46

F B

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,46

F B

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954 ,47

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

A NNE

*C AT.N.

I

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

R EBURRINE

*C AT.N.

A

F IND-SPOT: V ILLADEPALOS

V EICIUS

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: V ILLADECANES

A EM ILIUS C ILIMEDUS

•C AT.N.

M HA ,198 1,264

F IND-SPOT: V ILANOVA ( TRIVES)

S EVERUS F LAV INI •C AT.N.

N

F IND-SPOT: V IANA D O B OLLO

A NTISTIUS P LACIDUS

•C AT.N.

A

F IND-SPOT: E L V ALLE Y T EJEDO

T .FLA[VUS ] •C AT.N.

✓

3 36

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

S ILONI F LAV IA

*C A LM.

3 37

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO ✓

*C AT.N.

3 38

*C AT.N.

3 39

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,46

F A

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,47

F C

B SAA,1975,47 0

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,68

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954 ,48

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO F .

3 40

O UINTO F LAV I

N

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO ( m iles)ALA I T H(racum)

A MBATO A RQU I

6

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO F .

3 41

T IBERINO S ILV INI

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO F .

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

3 42

3 43

3 44

3 45

3 46

3 47

3 48

3 49

3 50

3 51

3 52

3 53

3 54

3 55

F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

A BLECAE C LOUTI F .

*C AT.N.

3 57

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,47

F C

D IEGO S ANT05 ,1954,47

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,48

F

C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,47

F C

D IEGO S ANT0S ,1954,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,48

F C

D IEGO S ANT0S ,1954 ,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,47

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,47

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,19 54 ,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTCS ,19 54,47

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

C ABURIAE T CUTONI

3 56

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,47

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

T URENIO A RCONIS F .

*C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

R EBURRO A RCONIS F .

*C AT.N.

D IEGO S ANT0S ,1954 ,47

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

T OUTONO M ATUCENI F .

*C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

M USTARO L OGLI F . •C AT.N.

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,48

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

M USTARO T RITI F .

*C AT.N .

C

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

R UBIDIO P ROCULO

•C AT.N.

F

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

A STURO C LOUTI F .

•C AT.N.

D IEGO S ANTOS ,19 54,48

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

..R0 F LACC I F .

•C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

C AESIO B EDUNI F .

•C AT.N.

C MZ,39

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

S EXSTO E QUAES I F .

*C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

F LAVO L OGEI F .

•C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

A VELCO A MBAT1 F .

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

P INTCN IO A MBATI F .

*C AT.N.

O RIGO

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

A BLECANAE C LOUTI

F .

*C AT.N.

3 58

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

T ALAV ICAE

..ONIS F .

*C AT.N.

3 59

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

S AL\ IC IAE A RAV IS F .

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA 7 N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

3 60

3 61

3 62

..RIAE T URAI *C AT.N.

3 63

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

3 64

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954 ,47

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,47

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,47

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,48

F C

D IEGO S ANT0S ,1954 ,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954 ,48

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,46

F C

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,47

F C

0 12 ,39

F C

C MZ,39

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

3 65

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO F .

3 66

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

I EMURIAE A ROUI F ' *C AT.N.

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,47

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

M ORILAE T OUTONI F .

V ACORIAE P ENT1

F C

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO F .

P ISTIRAE M AGILONIS F . *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

V ENICIAI T URA1 F .

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

T RITIAE P INTO(v i f .) *C AT.N.

O RIGO

3 67

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

A LP... L ENTINIE A NNE C ORNELIA

*C AT.N.

3 68

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

P .CARISIO F RONTON!

3 69

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

A IA I CRANA T IC IDII

*C AT.N.

3 70

F

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALCAMPO

B ALAESO C LCUTI F .

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

3 7 1

3 72

3 73

3 74

3 75

3 76

3 77

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS M ILITES C OH.I G ALL1CAE

✓ A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,41

M ILITES C OH.I G ALLICAE

✓ A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,40

M ILITES C OH.I G ALLICAE

✓

A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954 ,39

M ILITES C OH.I G ALLICAE

✓ A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954 ,38

V EX.COH.I C ELTIBERORUM

✓ A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954,36

V EX.LEG.VII G EMINA

✓

A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954,35

V EX.LEG .V II G EMINA

✓

A

H

D IEGO S ANTOS ,1954 ,33

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

3 78

O RIGO

3 79

✓

D IEGO S ANTOS,1954 ,37

A

H

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAMAYOR

O CULATIO C ANGILI

F . S EGISAMO

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAOUEJIDA

3 80

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: V ILLALIS ( Vex.Coh.I C e ltiberorum)?

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

E X G ENTE V IROMENIGORUM

A MU

F C

E RA ,31

F 8

D IEGO S ANTOS,1986 ,24

F 6

D IEGO S ANTOS,1986 ,24

F 8

C IL,I1,2632

F 8

C IL,I1,5072

F ELICIONI *C AT.N.

3 81

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAOUEJIDA

V ACEAE

*C AT.N.

3 82

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAO ( JEJIDA

C .TYCE 7 S .SEVERO

•C AT.N.

3 83

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAOUEJIDA

•

I ULIANUS R UFINA

V ALERIAE P OSTUMUS

•C AT.N.

3 84

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAR D E B ARRIOS

F .F. •C AT.N.

✓ 3 85

G

C 11,11,5706

F IND-SPOT: O RIG IN N OT R ECORDED

B LATTIA C AECILIA

*C AT.N.

8

3 86

F C

E RA ,60

F 8

E RA,35

F A

D IEGO S ANTOS,1986 ,2 '

F C

C IL,I1,5673

F D

R ABANAL,1982,59

F D

C IL,I1,5660

F B

A LLER,21

F C

C ML,36

F C

C IL,I1,566 1

F IND-SPOT: S UEVE E X G ENTE R ETIANORUM E X G ENTE R ATRIUM

*C AT.N.

3 87

F IND-SPOT: E L B IERZO

G .VALERIUS S OLDUS

V ET. L EG.

( .) G EM INA

L .DOM ITIUS A PLONIUS V ALERIA P RIMULA *C AT.N.

3 88

F IND-SPOT: E L B IERZO 7

F LAVO A SPRO

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

3 89

3 90

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

S ILVAN ( ) A SPIC ILI

F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

3 9 1

F AB IAE A LLAE M .IULIUS P RAESENS

*C AT.N.

3 92

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

I UL. P RESELLE

*C AT.N.

3 93

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

* *

R ANKS

O RIGO

T P O R D

R EFERENCE

✓

I RL,7 1 0

C ONVENTUS L UCENSIS

*C AT.N.

3 94

F IND-SPOT: A DAI

M AXUMUS S ECUNDI *C AT.N.

3 95

F .

8

G

F IND-SPOT: A RANO F C

P OSINEU

I RG ,I11,42

D O IRAU *C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

3 96

F IND-SPOT: A RCOS

3 97

3 98

3 99

I RL,6 1

✓

D

G

I RL,60

F 0

A E,1981,135

F C

A E,1981,540

F C

A E,1981 15 41

F IND-SPOT: B ERMES

4 00

F IND-SPOT: B ERMES

4 01

F IND-SPOT: 0 B URGO ✓

P .A(nton ius)?

•C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: B ERMES

M ANSUETA •C AT.N.

C

F IND-SPOT: B ALESAR

C RESOPES •C AT.N.

✓

4 02

B

G

E RA ,3

F IND-SPOT: B RANDOMIL F B

GAUL.SEVERO

C 11,11,2564

I UL. S EVERA •C AT.N.

4 03

F IND-SPOT: B RANDOMIL

M .SE...AGAT(h)ON

*C AT.N.

4 04

8

G

A E,1982,570

✓

B

N

C IL,I1,507 1

F IND-SPOT: B RANDOM IL

M . V EGETIANUS F USCUS

*C AT.N.

✓

4 05

F IND-SPOT: B RANDOMIL

D OM ITA P USNUCA

F B

I RG ,I,22

F C

I RC0 ,18

V AL. D ADUCNUS ?

•C AT.N.

4 06

F IND-SPOT: B RANDOM IL

F ABRICIUS S ATURNINUS *C AT.N.

4 07

F IND-SPOT: B RANDOM IL ✓

D ENTONIUS V ERECUNDUS

*C AT.N.

4 08

G

I RG ,I,6

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES

P LACID(inae?)

*C AT.N.

B

4 09

F C

I RG,III,46

F B

I RG ,III,52

V

C IL,II,2543

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES

I ULIO I ULIA

*C AT.N.

4 10

A DALUS C LOTA I

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES F .

84

B N

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

4 11

O RIGO

4 12

F USCUS F USCI *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

V

8

G

I RG ,I11,23

V

6

G

C IL,I1,2553

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES

R ECTUS •C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES F .

4 13

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES

M .AUDAS M AX.

C ENT. L EG.X G EMINA

S AB INUS

S LAVES

F A

I RG ,I11 13 8

F A

C IL,I1,2545

S ECUNDIO L ENT I NUS

•C AT.N.

4 14

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES

CAULIUS V ICTOR

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

4 15

M ILES L EG X G EM INA

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E R EYES

4 16

✓

D

G

✓

C l G

C IL,I1,5635

F IND-SPOT: C ATO IRA

4 17

I RG ,111,25

F IND-SPOT: C ESURES

I ULIA

F 8

I RG ,111,45

S UAV IOSO

•C AT.N.

4 18

F IND-SPOT: C ESURES

S . L UTU(s) •C AT.N.

V 4 19

8

G

I RG .111,22

F IND-SPOT: C ESURES

C UR. C HRESIMO

F 8

I RG ,I11,43

I ULIA V ALENTINA

•C AT.N.

4 20

F IND-SPOT: C ESURES

T .L1RCINIUS

*C AT.N.

V

4 21

4 22

C ILEMUS > BERISAMO

I RG ,I11,15

F C

I RG ,III,20

F IND-SPOT: C O IRO

L .V .?

*C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: C ICERE

C AELIO C AELEONIS F . *C AT.N.

8

4 23

V

8

N

V

B

G

I RG ,I11,29

F IND-SPOT: C ORES

> AV ILIOBRIS

P EREIRA M ENAUT,1983,172

•C AT.N.

4 24

N ICER C LUTOS I •C AT.N.

4 25

F IND-SPOT: L A C ORREDO IRA F .

P RINCEPS A bBIONUM

> CAURIACA

G LAUCUS

4 26

E RA,14

F IND-SPOT: C ORUNA

I ULIUS P LATO

•C AT.N.

F C

V

6

G

I RC0 ,10

V

A

H

I RC0 ,12

F IND-SPOT: C ORUNA I MPERIAL S LAVE

85

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA 7

N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

4 27

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

✓

A

H

I RC0 ,13

✓

A

H

I RC0 ,13

✓

A

G

I RC0 ,11

F

6

I RC0 ,20

F

6

I RC0 ,21

✓

6

G

I RG,I11,21

✓

6

N

I RL,56

✓

0

?

E MP,XXXIV ,109

✓

6

N

T RANOY,1981,293

✓

D

C EG,197 1,75

✓

C

C EG,1971,72

✓

C

C EG,1982,73

✓

C

C EG,1972,73

F IND-SPOT: C ORUNA

R EGINUS

I MPERIAL S LAVE E XACTOR

*C AT.N.

4 28

F IND-SPOT: C ORUNA

R EG1NUS

I MPERIAL S LAVE E XACTOR

*C AT.N.

4 29

F IND-SPOT: C ORUNA

L .SEV IUS L UPUS

A RCHITECTUS

A EMINIENSIS L USITANUS

•C AT.N.

4 30

F IND-SPOT: C ORUNA

M ATERNAE P ATRUINI

F .

M AT E RNUS ..TINA

•C AT.N.

4 31

F IND-SPOT: C ORUNA

G .ARRUNTIO S ERENO F LACCINIA S EVERA

•C AT.N.

4 32

F IND-SPOT: C UNTIS

C .(A)NTONIUS F LORUS

•C AT.N.

4 33

F IND-SPOT: C URVIAN

S .S1NCERUS C ( 7)

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

4 34

4 35

F IND-SPOT: C URRO

F IND-SPOT: D ONON

R EBURRINA

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

4 36

4 37

4 38

4 39

4 40

F IND-SPOT: D ONON

F IND-SPOT: D ONCW

F IND-SPOT: D ONON

F IND-SPOT: D ONON

F IND-SPOT: A NTES ( Brandom il)

M AX I NC

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

V F B

4 41

4 42

F IND-SPOT: S .VICENTE ( 0 G ROVE)

4 48

F LAV 1US F LAV IANUS

✓

D

N

E MP,1976,179

✓

B

G

I RP,20

✓

B

N

A E,1973,318

F IND-SPOT: C UNTIS

C .ANTONIUS F LORUS

•C AT.N.

B RIGANTIUM ,1981,274

F IND-SPOT: E SCUADRO

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA

N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

4 49

O RIGO

4 50

4 51

4 52

4 53

•C AT.N.

I RG ,I11,54

4 54

G

4 55

4 56

4 57

4 61

✓

I RG 1 I 11,48

B

G

F 0

I RL,86

F C

I RL,79

F IND-SPOT: G UITIRIZ P ARRAO(um)

F IND-SPOT: H ERBOGO

F IND-SPOT:

C

G

4 62

F IND-SPOT:

F 6

I RG,I,16 I RL0 ,2

I RIA F LAV IA ( PADROM)

l (R1)E(N)SES...

*C AT.N.

4 63

I RC0 ,3

I RIA F LAV IA ( PADROM)

F .

F LACC INIUS S ECUNDIANUS

F OR(0)

I RL,65

F IND-SPOT: G U ITIRIZ

S ECUNDIANUS S ECUND1

*C AT.N.

I RG ,I11,24

F IND-SPOT: G U ITIRIZ

✓ *C AT.N.

B

F C

A .AV ITIUS M AECIANUS

•C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: G UIMAREY

S (everus?) E .

•C AT.N.

I RG ,I11,45

✓

M ARCELLE *C AT.N.

F 8

F IND-SPOT: G RABA

P UBLIUS O PTAT1US

*C AT.N.

I RG ,I11,47

F IND-SPOT: L A G OLADA

V ITAL I S *C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: L A G OLADA

C AECNO S EVERO *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: L A E STRADA

C OLUPATA

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

✓

B

G

C 11,11,2540

F IND-SPOT: L ANAS

M .V INDO

F B

I RC0 ,17

F D

I RC0 ,18

C .V INDUS

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

4 64

4 65

F IND-SPOT: L AMAS

F IND-SPOT: L OURIZAN

S EVERA

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

4 66

4 67

4 68

B

N

I RG ,I11,27

✓

C

N

I RG ,I11,28

✓

B

N

I RL,58

✓

A

H

I RL,20

F IND-SPOT: L OURIZAN

F IND-SPOT: L OY°

F LAV IUS V ALER1ANUS

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

P AULLUS F ABIUS M AXUMUS

L EGATUS C AESARIS

87

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

4 69

4 70

*C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

✓

H

I RL,19

✓ A ? H

I RL,21

A UG.LIB.

✓ A

1 4

I RL,23

C ENTURIONES L (e)GG.

✓ A

H

I RL,22

L EGATUS C AESARIS

A

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

4 7 1

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

S ATURNINUS

•C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

P AULLUS F ABIUS M AXUMUS *C AT.N.

O RIGO

4 72

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

M .ANNIUS V ERUS M .ANNIUS V ERIANUS

•C AT.N.

4 73

F IND-SPOT: L UGO V ETERAN

D OMO N ARBONENS I

F A

I RL,26

V ETERAN L EG.V II G EM INA

F A

I RL,24

M ILES C ON. T ERTIA L UCENSIUM

F A

I RL,25

M ILES L EG.V II G EM INA

F A

I RL,76

A UG.L1B.

F A

I RL,27

F A

I RL,28

C ORNELIAE •C AT.N.

4 74

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

L .AURELIUS .ARIS... A URELIA M ESSIA

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

4 75

4 76

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

F IND-SPOT: L UGO ( PINGOS)

L .VALERIUS S EVERUS

•C AT.N.

4 77

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

( L)SEPTIMIUS N ERMERUS C ASSIAE A NTIPATRAI F .

•C AT.N.

4 78

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

I ULIO R UFINO L EOMTIO

E X T ABULAR 1 0

C IVI A STURICE(n )SI

R UFONIUS R UFINUS R UF I A P ATERNA

*C AT.N.

4 79

F IND-SPOT: L UGO C OLLEGE D IV I A UG.?

*C AT.N.

4 80

4 81

4 82

4 83

1 RL,6

✓

B

G

I RL,2

✓

B

G

I RL,3

✓

B

G

I RL,4

✓

B

G

I RL,1

✓

B

G

I RL,10

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

M .AUR.SEVERUS

•C AT.N.

N

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

S ULP.CLEMENS

*C AT.N.

D

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

F LA.FLAVUS

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

P ATERNI C ONSTANTI

*C AT.N.

4 84

F IND-SPOT:

L UGO

S ILONIUS...

88

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA ; N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

4 85

O RIGO

F LAV I

*C AT.N.

4 86

4 87

4 88

•C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

4 89

C AELIUS R UFINUS

4 90

4 91

✓

8

7

I RL,16

✓

8

M

I RL,12

✓

8

N

I RL,11

✓

8

M

I RL,5

✓

8

M

I RL,7

✓

8

N

I RL,18

✓

6

N

I RL,14

✓

6

N

I RL,9

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

S ULPICIUS S EVERUS 4 92

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

A ITANUS P ATERNUS

•C AT.N.

I RL,15

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

V AL.OPTANUS

•C AT.N.

7

F IND-SPOT: L UGO F .

•C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

P A(ternus) P RIM I

•C AT.N.

✓ F IND-SPOT: L UGO

F .

R UFUS M E.. •C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

C ORNELIA R UFINA

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

4 93

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

A IDI(us) P OTHINUS P RUDENS

•C AT.N.

4 94

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

P H1LTATES

•C AT.N.

4 95

C QNATRICIS

D OMO A UGUST(is) T AURINIS

F 8

I RL,32

> CIRCINENSI

F 6

I RL,34

C OELERNAE

F B

I RL,28

> LAEDIE(n)S(i)

F 6

I RL,31

L USITANUS

F 6

I RL,33

L UC.AUG.

F 6

1 RL,30

F 8

I RL,35

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

V ECIUS7 V ER0611 .1

F .

P RINCEPS E X H ISP.CIT.

( Vecc)0 ( 7) V ECI

F .

P RINCEPS C OPCRORUM

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

4 96

F ESTIAE L IC1NAE M ARCUS A URELIUS

*C AT.N.

4 97

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

M ARTIAL! C EMELENUS S ILO *C AT.N.

4 98

F IND-S P OT: L UGO

V ALERIAE F RONTILLAE M .VAL.FRONTO

*C AT.N.

4 99

F IND-SPOT:

L UGO

I UL.FLACCILLAE F LAV IA P ATERNA

*C AT.N.

5 00

F IND-SPOT:

L UGO

A ELIAE ( ..$)AE F AUSTUS

89

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

5 01

O RIGO

5 02

R EFERENCE

F B

I RL, 3 6

F B

I RL,42

F B

I RL,37

F 8

I RL,45

F 8

I RL,49

F 8

I RL,43

F 8

I RL,41

F 8

I RL,48

F C

I RL,38

F C

I RL,47

F C

I RL,44

F C

I RL,40

F C

I RL,46

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

A EM ILIAE H OMULLINAE *C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

I UNIUS C APITO F LAV IA F LAV INA *C AT.N.

5 03

F IND-SPOT: L uce

A QU ILIO E UPRETI F ORTUNATA

•C AT.N.

5 04

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

L .PUBLIBIUS F LORUS ..SEVER1ANA

*C AT.N.

5 05

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

V ALERIO M ELEAGRO V ALERIA T HAIS •C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

5 06

5 07

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

F IND-S P OT: L UGO

I ULIAE P OMPEIANAE P OMPEI

F .

V ALENTINA

*C AT.N.

5 08

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

S EVERIO F RONTON! C ARIS IA A L MA C ARISIA A LOMA

*C AT.N.

5 09

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

...8)ULENI ...BULENI ..8)ULENI

•C AT.N.

5 10

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

S EVERAE *C AT.N.

5 11

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

P UBLILIA F LORINA *C AT.N.

5 12

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

C OMIAE P USINCINE *C AT.N.

5 13

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

O U INTI N ANTIAE

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

5 14

5 15

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

F IND-SPOT:

✓

D

N

I RL,13

✓

D

N

I RL,8

L UGO

90

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

5 16

5 17

O RIGO

T P G R 0

R EFERENCE

✓

I RL,17

F IND-SPOT: L UGO 0

7

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

C ARA V ESUCLOUTI F .

F D

I RL,39

F 0

1 RL,50

V EIC IUS...

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

5 18

5 19

F IND-SPOT: L UGO

F IND-SPOT: M EIRAS

0 .V (alerius)? •C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

5 20

5 21

5 22

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

5 23

5 24

5 25

5 26

5 27

5 28

5 29

5 30

I RL,57

✓

B

G

I RG,I11,19

✓

8

M

I RL,7 1

✓

D

G

I RL,69

F 0

I RG ,I11,56

F

8

A E,1975,507

✓

8

F

C

✓

6

F IND-S P OT: P ARGA G

I RL,66

F IND-SPOT: P ARGA I RL,84

F IND-SPOT: P ENARRUBIA G

I RL,62

F IND-SPOT: P INGOS

B ALAESINA R EFI F . S EVERA

*C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: O ZA

P LAC IDINA

*C AT.N.

C

F IND-SPOT: O UZANDE

S EVER I NA

*C AT.N.

✓

F IND-SPOT: O LEIROS. V ILLALBA

C AESIANUS

*C AT.N.

I RC0 ,7

F IND-SPOT: M ONTE M EDA

P RIM IANO V ITALES

•C AT.N.

N

F IND-SPOT: M O IMENTA

P (ub (ius) F (LA(v ius)) •C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: M IRAZ

S .P .L.P.?

•C AT.N.

✓

F C

I RL,77

F IND-SPOT: P UERTO D EL S ON

U RE(tinus)? F AUSTINUS

✓

B

G

I RG,III,18 C IL,I1,5638

*C AT.N.

5 31

F IND-SPOT: P EDROUZOS F B

*C AT.N.

5 32

F IND-SPOT: P ONTEVEDRA ✓

*C AT.N.

5 33

I RG ,III,41

D

7

I RG ,I11,34

F IND-SPOT: O UEIRUGA

C .ATTIUS A TTIANUS R UFINUS

S EILENSIS

A TTIUS R UFUS S ABINULA

91

F B

I RC0 ,15

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

5 34

O RIGO

5 35

✓

8

N

I RL,68

✓

8

N

E MP ,XXXIV ,97

✓

8

?

I RC0 ,6

F IND-SPOT: R OMA ! V ELLO

F LAVUS V ICTORIS F . *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: R ABADE

S ILONIUS S ILO •C AT.N.

T P G R D

5 36

F IND-SPOT: S ARDINEIRO

M ARDUMUS

1

V ALERIE

•C AT.N.

5 37

F IND-SPOT: S AYAR F D

•C AT.N.

5 38

F IND-SPOT: S AYAR

S EVERIUS F LAVUS

•C AT.N.

I RG ,I11,49

✓

5 39

8

?

I RG ,I11,32

F IND-SPOT: S ESAMO

M ATERNUS R USTIC!

F .

F 8

I RC0 ,34

F LAV IAE

•C AT.N.

5 40

F IND-SPOT: S OBRADO D OS M ONXES

V AL.LUPUS •C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

O PTIO 5 41

✓

G

B RIGANTIUM ,IV ,1983 ,6

✓ D

G

I RC0 ,1

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIAGO D E C OMPOSTELA

5 42

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIAGO D E C OMPOSTELA

S EVERA A TTIA M OETA

*C AT.N.

A

5 43

F 8

I RG ,I,11

F 8

I RG ,I,10

F B

I RG ,I,9

F 8

I RG ,I,12

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIAGO D E C OMPOSTELA

A gU ILIAE M ODESTAE S ENECIO M ODESTUS

•C AT.N.

5 44

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIAGO D E C OMPOSTELA

A C ILIA M ODESTA M .F. M ODESTO

*C AT.N.

5 45

P ROCULA C AMALI

F IND-S P OT: S ANTIAGO D E C OMPOSTELA F .

C ROV IA

S ECUNDUS

•C AT.N.

5 46

F IND-SPOT: S ANTIAGO D E C OMPOSTELA

W JMERIUS V ITALIONIS F .

F

M UMERIAE V ITALIAE

*C AT.N.

5 47

F IND-SPOT: S .ANDRES D E C ESAR

P LACIDUS S ENECA

*C AT.N.

5 48

I RG ,I,8 C IL.II,2549

I NTERAMICUS

F C

I RG ,I11,53

F 8

A E, 1 97 1,196

F 8

I RG ,I,19

F IND-SPOT: S TA.COMBA D E C ELTIGOS

A PP IUS G EMELLUS A PPIUS F LACCUS S AESIA

*C AT.N. M OF0 F LOR I NA

5 49

F IND-SPOT: S TA.CRISTINA D E B ARRO

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

5 50

O RIGO

*C AT.N.

5 51

5 52

5 53

5 54

5 55

5 56

✓

D

?

I RL,74

✓

B

G

I RC0 ,5

✓

D

G

I RC0 ,4

F C

I RC0 ,23

F C

I RL,82

F B

I RL,87

F C

I RL,83

F IND-SPOT: S TA.EULALIA D E M AARIZ

F IND-SPOT: S TA .EULALIA D E M AARIZ

...FRONTONIS ( F(i(io) M .

I RG ,I11,26

F IND-SPOT: S TA .EULALIA D E L OGROSA

P LAC ID1NUS P ATERNUS

•C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: S TA.EULALIA D E L OGROSA

A UREL.AURELIANUS

•C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: S TA.EULALIA D E L OGROSA

M A(xumus)...

*C AT.N.

✓ F IND-SPOT: S TA.EULALIA D E B OVEDA

A .P.S.P.?

*C AT.N.

7 R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: S TA.CRISTINA D E F RAGOSO

P .

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

...v (ederius?) S E(veru)S

•C AT.N.

5 57

F IND-SPOT: S .JUAN D E A LBA

S ERANIE V ICTORINA

•C AT.N.

5 58

F IND-SPOT: S .MAMED D E L OUSADA

S ULP.KAX. •C AT.N.

5 59

*C AT.N.

5 60

5 61

5 62

*C AT.N.

5 63

5 64

I RL,72

✓

8

N

I RC0 ,8

✓

B ? N

I RC0 ,9

✓

8

I RL,67

F IND-SPOT: S .MARTIN D E L INARAN N

F IND-SPOT: S .MARTIN D E P AC 1OS

N IGRINIANUS

*C AT.N.

N

F IND-SPOT: S TA.KARIA D E S ERANTES

C .IULIUS H ISPANUS

*C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: S .MAMED D E S EAV IA

! MAUS N EPOS

•C AT.N.

✓

F D

I RL,81

F B

I RL,89

F B

I RL,78

F IND-SPOT: S .MARTIN D EL R IO

F IND-SPOT: S .MARTIN D EL R IO

A URELIAE N ANTIAE A URELIUS F RONTO

*C AT.N.

5 65

F IND-SPOT: S .ORENTE D E E UTINES

V ICTOR

*C AT.N.

5 66

C .VALERIUS C ARUS

*C AT.N.

5 67

✓

B

?

A E,197 1,197

✓

A

?

1 RL,75

F IND-SPOT: S .ROMAN D E C ERVANTES M ILES L EG.X G EMINA

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E B ERRIS F C

U RBANILLA

9 3

1 RG ,111,14

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

5 68

O RIGO

5 69

R EFERENCE

V

I RL,63

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E C ASTILLOS

I ULIUS *C AT.N.

T P G R D

8

G

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E C VASTILLOS

V ALERINAE F LORINAE

F 8

I RL,85

P OMPEIUS L UPULUS *C AT.N.

5 70

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E C ASTILLCe

C L.GAUCE A SCRIERUS

•C AT.N.

5 7 1

V EREN(sis?)

V

8

G

I R1,64

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E F ISTEUS

S EVERAE

F 8

I RG ,I,15

F 8

I RG,I,17

F 8

I RG ,I,18

L UCILA E BURA *C AT.N.

5 72

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E F ISTEUS

I ULIO S EVERIANO P LACIDIA L UPA

*C AT.N.

5 73

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E F ISTEUS

V AL. A NTERO F RONTIA F RONIANI

F .

•C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: S .V ICENTE D E P RESARES

5 74

R EBURRINUS T ERTIUS •C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

5 75

5 76

✓

5 77

G

I RC0 ,5b is

✓ 0

N

A E,1981,539

✓

?

I RG ,I11,33

F IND-SPOT: T EMES

F IND-SPOT: T CREZA

I UNIUS?

*C AT.N.

8

8

F IND-SPOT: V ILAMAOR

M . F IRMILLAE

F 8

A E,1982,569

M .CRESCENS

*C AT.N.

5 78

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAGARC1A D E A ROSA

0 .CELI(us)

*C AT.N.

✓ 5 79

5 80

C LOUTIAE S EVERINI

•C AT.N.

5 8 1

5 82

F . S EGU IA

5 83

P RAEF.ALA I F LAV IA C .R.

5 84

I RC0 ,22

F C

I RL,80

D OMO R OMA

✓

A

G

C IL,I1,2600

✓

B

G

I RG ,I,3

✓

B

N

C IL,I1,2602 I RG ,1V ,8

✓

B

S

C IL,I1,2529

F IND-SPOT: L OGROSA?

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

A NN I US

*C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: O RIG IN N OT R ECORDED

P .M.?

*C AT.N.

I RG ,111,17

F IND-SPOT: X ERDIZ

T IB.IUNIUS T IB.F1L.OUIR.OUADRATUS *C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: V ILLAR

A PRO

*C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

T .CAES1US R UFUS S AELENUS

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

5 85

5 86

•C AT.N.

5 87

5 88

5 89

*C AT.N.

✓

C 11,11,260 1 R G ,IV ,

B

N

I RC0 ,16

F IND-SPOT: O RIG IN N OT R ECORDED ✓ D

G

I RG ,1,5

✓

B

G

C IL,I1,2537 I RL,59

✓

B

G

C IL,I1,2538 I R1,73

✓

A

S

C IL,II,2598

F IND-SPOT: O RIG IN N OT R ECORDED

F IND-SPOT: O RIGIN N OT R ECORDED

L .ANTONIUS A V ITUS Z OZ IMA

E XS > SESMACA

F C

0 .PU. D IONYSIUS *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: O RIG IN N OT R ECORDED

..ARRET1S F . *C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: O RIG IN N OT R ECORDED

A NCE L OTUS

•C AT.N.

O RIGO

L IB. 5 90

M .ULP IUS E UTYCHES

F IND-SPOT: O RIG IN N OT R ECORDED A UG.LIB. P ROC.METALL.

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

* *

R ANKS

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

V

A

G

R G,LXI1,5

V

B

S

DENC,1975,221

V

8

S

DENC,1975,213-4

C ONVENTUS B RACARUM

*C AT.N.

5 91

F IND-SPOT: A BEDES

C .MAR.MAXI. *C AT.N.

C ENT.LEG.V II G EM INA

5 92

F IND-SPOT: A DAUFE

C OMES *C AT.N.

5 93

F IND-SPOT: A GOSTEM , S .PEDRO

R UFUS

C IL,2470 *C AT.N.

5 94

F IND-SPOT: A IROSA

I ULIA U RBANA •C AT.N.

L IB.

5 95

F C

F IND-SPOT: A RNOSO , S TA.MARIA

L UCRETIUS C ATURONIS F . •C AT.N.

5 96

R UFINUS R UF1

B A,1986 ,197

V

8

S

B A,1983,190-1

F IND-SPOT: A LCABRE F .

F

R G ,LXI1,3

R UFO

•C AT.N.

5 97

F IND-SPOT: A RGERIZ

M .FLAV IUS F LAV INUS •C AT.N.

5 98

V

> MORSASO 5 99

6 00

6 01

L ADRONO C ANAL!

F 8

C IL,I1,2393

V

8

G

I RG ,IV ,77

V

8

G

C IL,11,2376

F IND-SPOT: A LPENDURADA

F LAV IUS O DROLLAE F .

*C AT.N.

DENC,1975,212

F IND-SPOT: A LONGOS

S ILONIA C LOUTIANA ?

•C AT.N.

S

F IND-SPOT: A LFARELLA O E J ALLES

R EBURRO •C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: A LVAREHLOS F . A NTONIO

F 8

P ORTUGALIA,I,1980 ,84

K ADEOUIS(enses)

•C AT.N.

6 02

F IND-SPOT: A LVARELHOS

S .AROU(ius)SAUR..

*C AT.N.

6 03

6 04

*C AT.N.

C IL,I1,2373

V

8

G

C IL,I1,6388

F C

6 05

6 06

6 07

I RG ,I11,50

F IND-SPOT: A LVARAES

V AL.RUFA

*C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: A TIOS

S EVERUS

•C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: A LVARELHOS ( nr.)

S ATURNINUS C ATURONIS F . •C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: A RNO IA,

V

B

?

B A,1983,192

✓

C

G

A E,1981,534

✓

C

G

A E,1981,533

S .SALVADCR

F IND-SPOT: A RNO IA. S .SALVADOR

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

6 08

O RIGO

6 09

6 10

C ATURO P INTAM I *C AT.N.

6 11

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

6 12

P ROCURATOR

6 15

*C AT.N.

G

C IL,I1,5567

V

B

N

C 11,11,2378

V

8

N

I RG ,1V 19 4

V

A

N

I RG ,IV ,102

V

8

G

I RG,IV ,79

V

8

N

I RG ,IV ,97

V

8

G

I RG ,IV ,75

V

8

G

I RG ,IV ,76

F IND-SPOT: B A\OS D E S ANDE

6 16

F IND-SPOT: B ANOS D E M OLGAS

A URELIUS F LAVUS T RANSCANUS *C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: B ANOS D E B ANDE F .

8 0ELIUS R UFUS *C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: S TA.COMBA D E B ANDE F .

6 14

•C AT.N.

I LER,120

F IND-SPOT: S TA.COMBA D E B ANDE

6 13

F LAC IS S ECUNDI

G

F IND-SPOT: B ALTAR ( PAREDES)

L .DIDIUS M ARINUS

M AXUMUS L OVESSI

B

F IND-SPOT: B ALTAR ( DOURO) F .

V ALER:US A PER

*C AT.N.

V F IND-SPOT: B AIAO ,STA.LEOCADIA

N ISPRO *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: B AIAO ,STA.LEOCADIA

F L.FRONTO *C AT.N.

T P G R D

6 17

6 18

F IND-SPOT: 8 ARCELOS M ILES

F A

L APIDARIUS

V

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 14 3

F IND-SPOT: B ARROSAS

R EBU RRINUS

8

N

DENC ,1975 11 57 C IL,2404

*C AT.N.

6 19

F IND-SPOT: B ARXELES

F USUS C ANAL! F . E ILIUS

F 8

A E 11 981,536

F USCINUS F USCI F .

*C AT.N.

6 20

F IND-SPOT: B EIRIZ

C ORNELIANUS *C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

6 21

6 22

L IB.

6 23

*C AT.N.

6 24

6 25

S

A E,1973,316

V

0

N

B A ,1983,188 ,N.9

V

8

G

A E,1982 ,566

V

B

G

A E,1974,397

F IND-SPOT: B OURO ,STA .MARIA

F IND-SPOT: R OVEDA,S.PELAGIO

S ULPICIA S ATURNINA

*C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: B OURO , S TA.MARIA

K ATERNUS •C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F D

B A ,1986 ,198

F D

C 11,11,2438

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

T .CAELIO F LACO

97

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

6 26

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F D

C IL,I1,2454

F 8

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,45

V ALABRICENSIS

F 8

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,64

> AGRIPPA

F

B

C IL,I1,2435

F 8

C IL,I1,243 1

F

8

C IL,I1,2445

F B

I RG ,I,A0 ,53

F 8

A E,1974,393

F 8

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,62

F

8

C IL,I1,2436

F B

C IL,I1,2446

F 8

A E,1973,301

F 8

C IL,I1,2440

F B

A E,1973,300

F B

A E,1973,299

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

6 27

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

M ATERNE P ATERNE

*C AT.N.

6 28

B LOENA C AMALI *C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F .

6 29

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

A ROU IUS V IRIATI

F .

M ELGAECUS P ELISTI *C AT.N.

6 30

F . F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

A GATHOPODI

S LAVE

Z ETHIS

S LAVE

T .SA T RI

*C AT.N.

6 31

P INAREA T RITE!

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F .,CAMALA C ANAL!

P AUGENDA T RITE!

F .

F .

V EGETUS E T F LACUS

*C AT.N.

6 32

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

P OSTUM IUS V ICTOR I NO

*C AT.N.

6 33

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

O U INTICUS C ATURA

•C AT.N.

6 34

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

A TTICIE P RIM ITIVE

*C AT.N.

6 35

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

..MATERNAE C .CAECILIUS •C AT.N.

6 36

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

O UARTUS L .(F.)TUSC IUS V ALENTIN'

*C AT.N.

6 37

F .

F IND-S P OT: B RAGA

C AM ILAE R UFINAE V IRIUS R UFINUS •C AT.N.

6 38

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F AUSTUS I ULIAE S EVERAE

*C AT.N.

6 39

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

V ICARIA P ROBA V ICARI

F .

P UBLIUS C RESCENS

*C AT.N.

6 40

S EVERUS R EBURRI

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F .TIOPHILUS

E LEANOBRIGENS I

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

6 41

O RIGO

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

6 42

6 43

6 44

6 45

6 46

6 47

6 48

6 50

6 51

> LETIO8RIA

1 I8.

C LUNIENS IS

6 53

6 55

6 56

6 58

F C

C 11,11,2448

F C

C 11,11,2443

F C

A E,1973 ,303

F C

A E,1973 ,297

F C

A E,1973 ,298

F C

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,57

F C

C IL,I1,2430

F C

C IL,I1,2432

F C

C 11,11,2442

F C

C IL,II,2447

F C

B A,1986 ,196 -7

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

R EBURRUS A ENUS C AMALI *C AT.N.

C ARD020 ,1972,6 1

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

S LAVE 6 57

F C

F .

H ELENUS *C AT.N.

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,60

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F .

A MARANTUS S ENECIONIS

*C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

T AROUINIUS C ATURCeIS F .

*C AT.N.

C 11,11,2451

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

6 52

6 54

F B

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

C ARISIUS C AMALI

*C AT.N.

C 11,11,2439

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

A EM ILIA L OUGO *C AT.N.

F B

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

6 49

A LBURA C ARISI

B A ,1986 ,198

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

C .IULIUS P UDENS •C AT.N.

F B

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

A LBURA C ATUROMIS F . *C AT.N.

C 11,11,2453

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

I ULIUS P ILIDES O RESTES

•C AT.N.

F B

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

D .SALV IUS A THICTUS *C AT.N.

C 11,11,2449

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

S ULLIAE M ATERNAE *C AT.N.

F B F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

V IBIAE P LACIDINAE

*C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

T ACANIUS D ORUS *C AT.N.

T P G R D

F .

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

..CUNDENAE F .

C ALADUNUS

99

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

6 59

B LOENA C ANAL! *C AT.N.

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

V ALABRICANSIS

F C

B A ,1986 ,196 ,N 8

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F .

6 60

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA ✓

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

6 61

6 62

6 63

6 64

6 65

6 66

6 67

6 68

C IL,I1,2429

✓ D

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B A ,1986 ,188 ,N 8

✓

B

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C ARD020 ,1972 ,49

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C

M

A E,1973,303

✓

A, H

R G,1967 ,313

✓

D

G

R .COLMENERO ,N.99

V

A

G

C IL,I1,2415

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT:

T ABOADELA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA I URID.

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

L .TERENTIO R U M *C AT.N.

?

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

L EG. *C AT.N.

D

P REAEF.COH.V I B RITTONUN

F A

C IL,I1,2424

M ILES L EG.V II G EM INA

F A

C IL,I1,2425

E Q. A LA

V

A

C IL,I1,5610

V

A

H

C IL,I1,2423

V

A

G

C IL,I1,2416

C ALLAECIA

V

A

H

C IL,I1,2422

B RACARAUGUSTANI

V

A

H

C ARD020 ,1972 ,83

B RACARAUGUSTANI

V

A

H

A E,1974,98

V

B

V

B

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

M .ANTONIUS A GUSTINUS S EMPROM1US G RAECI N US *C AT.N.

6 69

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

G .AEM IL.VALENS •C AT.N.

6 70

F LAV IA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA C IVES R OMANI

*C AT.N.

6 7 1

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

L UCRETIA F IDA

S ACERD.ROM.AUG. C .BRAC.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

6 72

6 73

6 74

6 75

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA S OLDALICIUM U RBANORUM

*C AT.N.

6 76

A RQU IUS C ANTABRI

C IL,I1,2428

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F .

100

N

A E,1973,307

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

•C AT.N.

R ANKS

677

O RIGO

R EFERENCE

✓

8

N

A E,1973 ,308

✓

B

N

DENC,1975,87

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8

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DENC,1975,282 -8

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D 'ENC,1975,242

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C ARD020 11 972 ,188

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C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,21

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F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

A ROU IUS C ANTABR1

F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

6 78

A .CAECICIUS C PATERNUS

•C AT.N.

T P G R D

6 79

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

C ELICUS F RONT°

A RCOBRIGENSIS A MBIMOGIDUS

*C AT.N.

6 80

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

R UF I NA

•C AT.N.

6 81

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

H ERMES

•C AT.N.

6 82

M ATERNUS R UFI

•C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA F .

6 83

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F LAV IUS U RBICIO

•C AT.N.

6 84

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F L. F RONTO

•C AT.N.

6 85

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

M ARCUS •C AT.N.

6 86

F IND-SPOT: B RAGA

F L. S ABINUS

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

6 87

F IND-SPOT: B RITEIROS,STA.LEOCADIA

6 88

F IND-SPOT: B RITEIROS,CITANIA

M EDAMU IS C ANAL!

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

F .

6 89

F IND-SPOT: B RITO

6 90

F IND-SPOT: B URGAES

S EVERO

*C AT.N.

6 91

F IND-SPOT: C ABECEIRAS D E B ASTO

M .VAL.CARUM M .VAL.PROCULINUM

*C AT.N.

6 92

P RAEF.

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E V IZELA F D

*C AT.N.

6 93

M EDAMUS C AMALI

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6 94

C IL,I1,5883

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F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E V IZELA

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U XSAMENSIS

1C ll

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

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R ANKS

6 95

O RIGO

6 96

6 97

F LAV IUS F LAVINI *C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

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6 98

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8

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C

N

I RG,IV ,6

V

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F IND-SPOT: C AMBA ,S.JUAN

7 01

F IND-SPOT: C AMBA, S .JUAN

7 02

F IND-SPOT: C AMBA ,S.JUAN

V IBIA F IDA *C AT.N.

A E,1979 ,632

F IND-SPOT: C ALDELAS(TA IPAS)

7 00

7 03

A LLIAE C ALISTI

G

F IND-SPOT: C ALDELAS ( TA IPAS)

V ICCIUS S ILO *C AT.N.

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F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E V IZELA F .

C AENICIENUS •C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E V IZELA

F LAV IUS A VENTINUS *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: C ALDAS D E V IZELA

S ULPICIUS S ULPIC IANUS *C AT.N.

T P G R 0

F 8

C IL,I1,2557

F 8

C IL,I1,2664

F IND-SPOT: C AM INHA F .

A CCIUS V ERINUS •C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

7 04

7 05

A NICIUS A ROUILI *C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: C AM INHA

C AT.N.

7 06

7 07

A ST.AUG.

7 08

*C AT.N.

7 10

7 11

7 12

N

C IL,I1,2458

V

8

G

I RG,IV ,78

V

8

S

A E,1973,320

V

B

G

8 A ,1986 ,188

V

8

N

C IL,I1,2377

V

A

G

I RG,IV ,66

F IND-SPOT: C ASTRELO D O V AL D EC.ALAE I G IGURRORUM

T AMAC(ANUS)

F IND-SPOT: C ASTRELLOS

C .SEMPRONIUS T UDITANUS

*C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: C ASTELO D O P A IVA F .

L .CAS.CAENIUS *C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: C ASTELO D O M ELVA

7 09

P OTITUS C UMELI

C IL,I1,2463

F IND-SPOT: C ARRACEDO

V AL.RUF(us)

*C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: C ANEDO ,S.MIGUEL

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D

F IND-SPOT: C AMPO F .

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C IL,I1,2514

F IND-SPOT: T IBIAS E O.LEG.

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102

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C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

7 13

O RIGO

T P G R D

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✓

C IL,I1,2381

F IND-SPOT: C ELORICO D E B ASTO

T .FURNIUM P ROCULUM

A ? H

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7 14

M EDAMUS A RCISI

F IND-SPOT: C ADOS F .

C ASTELLO M EIDUNIO

F B

I RG,IV ,130

A NCONDEI

*C AT.N.

7 15

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: C ELANOVA(CASTROMAO)

7 16

✓ D

H

B . A UR.,XII1,1983 ,

V

B

G

1 RG ,IV ,69

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8

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8

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C ARD020 ,1972 ,13

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8

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C IL,I1,5615

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C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,16

V

8

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C IL,I1,5618

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6

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A E,1951,278

V A

G

A E,1972 ,304

V

8

N

DENC,197 5,2378

B IBALUS

V

8 G

S AMBRUCOLENSIS

F B

C IL,I1,2482

F B

C IL,I1,2483

F IND-SPOT: C ENLLE

M .PHILIP.MA(ximus) *C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

7 17

F IND-SPOT: C ERDECELLO .GU IMARAES

7 18

F IND-SPOT: C ERCEDELLO.GU IMARAES

P ATERNUS F LAV(i) F .

•C AT.N.

7 19

F IND-SPOT: C ERCEDELLO .GU IMARAES

E >LP(IDIUS) E (V)ELP ISTUS

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7 20

F IND-S P OT: C ELEIROS

A LB INUS B ALESINI

F .

•C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES ( Nr.)

7 21

V AL.REBURRUS *C AT.N.

7 22

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

S EPTIM IUS A GRILICUS *C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

7 23

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

7 24

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

M .A ILLEDA? *C AT.N.

( >)PEREGRINORUM 7 25

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

G ELASIUS C AESARIANUS *C AT.N.

7 26

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

L .VALERIUS L ONGINUS *C AT.N.

7 27

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

L .VALERIUS F RONTO

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

7 28

7 29

V ISALA R EBURRI *C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

7 30

C IL,I1,2475

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES F . F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

P LANCIA

103

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

7 31

O RIGO

R EFERENCE

F 8

C ARD020 11 972 ,25

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

R UFINUS L AUC IUS *C AT.N.

T P G R D

7 32

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

I ULIAE A V ITAE MGR!

F .

V

C

G

A E,1973 ,305

S EMPRONIUS

•C AT.N.

7 33

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

S ENEC IANI *C AT.N.

7 34

7 35

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

I NTERAMICUS

F .

7 36

B C40 ,1943-4,8 1-5

F C

C 11,11,2485

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

7 37

A OU IFLAV IENS IS

V

A

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C 11,11,2478

C IV ITAS...

V

A

H

A E,1973,309

C IV ITATIS X

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A

A UG.LIB.

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S IGNIFER ' EG A! A D.

F A

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

7 38

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

7 39

C I1,11,2477

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

L .AURELIUS D ION1SUS •C AT.N.

F C

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

C ONDISA B OVALI •C AT.N.

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,54

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

R EBURRUS V IRIATIS F . •C AT.N.

F C

7 40

G

C 11,11,2474

F IND-SPOT: C HAVES

L .DELIUS F LACUS

C 11,11,2480

A EM ILIANO F LACO

*C AT.N.

7 41

F IND-SPOT: C ONDADO ,STA.MARIA

F LAV IMUS F LAV I

•C AT.N.

F .

7 42

V

N

I RG ,IV ,98

V A

N

I RG ,IV ,92

F IND-S P OT: C ORNOCES

C AEC ILIUS F USCUS

*C AT.N.

B

7 43

M ILES L EG V II G EM INA

F IND-SPOT: C REIX0M11

I ULIAE A V ITAE N IGRI

F .

F B

C ARD020 ,1972 ,196

S EMPRO(NIUS)

*C AT.N.

7 44

T ITUS A LBINI

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F IND-S P OT: C RESPOS,S.JUAN F .

7 45

7 46

V

7 47

7 48

I RG ,IV ,64

✓ D

7

B A,1983,194,N 1 9

V

B

S

A E,1981,537

V

B

N

C 11,11,2499

✓

B N

C 11,11,2498

F IND-SPOT: C ONCIEIRO

F IND-SPOT:

C OVA D A L UA

( PLA)CUS

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G

F IND-SPOT: C RISTELO

S ILO S ILONIS F .

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B

F IND-S P OT: C OVA D A L UA

C ORNELIUS O CULATUS

104

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

7 49

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

F 8

C IL,I1 15 069

F IND-SPOT: C UNHA

F RONTONI F RONTO

*C AT.N.

7 50

A MA P ITIL1 *C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: C URRAL D E V ACAS

F . 7 51

7 52

F .

7 53

S CERDOS C ONV .BRAC.

C 11,11,1566

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V

8

N

C 11,11,5661

B RACARAUGUSTANO

F A

C 11,11,2426

F A

C I1,11,2427

F IND-SPOT: D UME,S.MARTINHO

N IGRINAE •C AT.N.

N

F IND-SPOT: D UME,S.MARTINHO

C AMALO M ELGAECI

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8

F IND-SPOT: D ELAES

F LAUS A PILI F . •C AT.N.

V

F lAMINICAE P .H.C. 7 54

F IND-SPOT: D UME,S.MARTINHO

D URMIA P UDINIA

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

V

7 55

7 56

C 11,11,2414

F D

C 11,11,2456

F C

C I1,11,2433

F IND-S P OT: D UME,S.MARTINHO F .

7 57

D OM°

,A GRIP.

F IND-SPOT: E IRAS

A EM IL1US R EBURRINUS

•C AT.N.

G

F IND-SPOT: D UME,S.MARTINHO

A P1L(us) A R M' *C AT.N.

8

7 58

V

8

N

1 RG ,IV ,89

F IND-SPOT: E SCUADRO

A PON1A R UFA

F 8

I RG ,IV ,116

D OVACIAE P ATERNAE F . T ALAV IAE F LAV INAE F .

•C AT.N.

7 59

F IND-SPOT: E SPOROES

H ERMES

*C AT.N.

7 60

C AMALA A ROU I

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT:

7 62

F IND-SPOT:

F IND-SPOT:

7 64

B A,1986 11 87

T ALABRIGENSIS

V

B

S

DENC,1975,192

V ICANI V AGORNICENSIS

V

6

G

A E,1982 ,567

F LORDERREI

F IND-SPOT:

F IND-SPOT:

F C

R G,LXI1,3

F C

R G ,LXI1,2

F C

R G ,LXII,1

F C

I RG,IV ,120

F LORDERREI

F LORDERREI

F .

7 65

A .FLAVUS P UCI

G

F IAES.VALPACOS

F .

7 63

C URIA A LBINI

8

F IND-SPOT: E STORAOS F .

7 6 1

R UFINUS R UFI

V

F LORDERREI

F .

105

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

7 66

F IND-SPOT:

O RIGO

7 67

F IND-SPOT:

L IMICUS

7 68

V

B G

A E,1974,396

V

B

G

C IL,I1,2496

V

B G

C IL,I1,2495

F RIAES

C AMALUS M 1BO IS?

*C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F ONTEFRIA

P ETRON1US *C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: F RIOES

A P.SABINUS P ROBI

F .

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: F RIOES

7 69

M .FARUS

F B

C IL,I1,2497

C ONLARIE *C AT.N.

7 70

F IND-SPOT: G IELA

C O (rnelia) R UFINA S OUP! C AMALI

•C AT.N.

7 7 1

F .

7 72

773

B A,1986 ,193 ,N 1 7

V

B

?

B A ,1986 ,193,N 1 6

V

8 S

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,18

F IND-SPOT: G RANJA

S ILVANUS S EVER! •C AT.N.

?

F IND-SPOT: G RANG INHA

L .AELIUS F LAVUS •C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: G 1ELA

R UFUS R UFINI F . •C AT.N.

V

F .

7 74

F C

C 11,11,2392

F IND-SPOT: G U IMARAES

F LAV IUS A RCHELAUS

L EG.AUGUSTI

V A

?

C 11,11,2408

C ALUDIANUS •C AT.N.

7 75

F IND-SPOT: G U IMARAES

A NTONIA R UFIMA •C AT.N.

7 76

V

B S

C ARD020 ,1972 ,34

V

B G

C ARD020 ,1972 ,33

F IND-SPOT: G U IMARAES

U RBANUS C RYS1S

•C AT.N.

7 77

L AMASUS M EBDI

F IND-SPOT: G UILHABREU F .

E X I ULIA INCA

F C

P ORTUGALIA ,I,1980 ,79

> FIDUENEARUM •C AT.N. F L.FLAV I •C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

7 78

F IND-SPOT: G U IN

F . 7 79

7 80

7 81

7 82

0

V

6 G

I RG,IV ,65

F IND-SPOT: G ANADE F 0

I RG ,IV ,1D9

V

I RG ,1V ,67

F IND-SPOT: G ANADE B G

F IND-SPOT: N OCELO D A P ENA C IVITAS L IMICORUM

V A

H

C 11,11,2517

C IV ITAS (im icorum)

V

H

C 11,11,2516

F IND-SPOT: N OCELO D A P ENA A

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA ; N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

7 83

F IND-SPOT:

O RIGO

7 84

F IND-SPOT:

R EFERENCE

V

B

G

C 11,11,5557

V

B

S

C IL,I1,5564

F REIXO

F LAVUS

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

F REIXO

A NIUS

T RANOY,1981

*C AT.N.

7 85

F IND-SPOT:

J UNOUEIRA

I ULIO H ISPANO

*C AT.N.

7 86

F IND-SPOT:

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

7 87

F IND-SPOT:

7 88

F IND-SPOT:

7 89

F IND-SPOT:

7 90

F IND-SPOT:

C IL,11,2397

F

C

C 11,11,2398

✓

A7 H

I RG,IV ,61

✓

C

G

A P,1972,263-6

N

D 'ENC,1975,230

L AGUNA A NTELA

L AMEGO

L ISCUROS

F RONTONIANUS F RONTCWIS

•C AT.N.

C

J UNOUEIRA

A ELIUS A LBINUS

*C AT.N.

F

V

L CUREDO

F RONTO

F

B

I RG,III,40

V

D

G

A E,1974,395

V

8

N

D 'ENC,1975

F

B

V

B

G

I 1ER,378

V

6

S

C ARD020 ,1972,244

F

B

V

B

G

B . A UR.,1972,326 -

V

B

N

B A,1986 ,189 -9 0

V

B

N

I RG,IV,88

L OVEICUS S EICULUS

• C AT.N.

7 91

F IND-SPOT:

L AYOSO

T .R.?

•C AT.N.

7 92

F IND-SPOT: M ACEDO D E C AVALEIROS

L UCRETIUS V ALENS

*C AT.N.

7 93

F IND-SPOT: M ARCO D E C ANAVESES

F LAO

•C AT.N.

S UTOR

7 94

F IND-SPOT: M ARCO D E C ANAVESES

A LBIA P ATERNA

•C AT.N.

7 95

F IND-SPOT: M ARECOS D ANIGOM

*C AT.N.

C ARD020 11 972,197

7 96

F IND-SPOT: M ERELIN

L .VALERO R UFINO

C I1,11,2450

V AL.RUFINUS

*C AT.N.

7 97

C APITO S EVER!

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: A M EZOUITA F .

7 98

F IND-SPOT: M INHOTAES

A RC I US

*C AT.N.

7 99

T ERENTIA R UF I NA

F IND-SPOT: M IXOS

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

8 00

8 01

F ULONES F ULONES 8 02

8 03

✓

B ?

C IL,I1,2494

✓

B S

B A,1986 ,192

✓

8 G

R G,LXI1,4

✓

8 S

A E,1974 ,410

F IND-SPOT: M OREIRAS ,STA.MARIA

L .CAMPANIUS M ACER

8 04

> SERMACELES

F IND-SPOT: M ONTERREI

A EM ILIA F LAV INA

•C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: M ONTARIOL

R ATERNI

*C AT.N.

T P G R D

F IND-SPOT: M ONFORTE

C OPORICO

*C AT.N.

O RIGO

F IND-SPOT: M OSTEIRO D E R IBEIRA

M .IUNIO R OBUST°

F B

I RG ,IV ,118

✓

8 N

I RG ,IV ,93

✓

B N

C IL,I1,5621

✓

8 N

C IL,II,2565

I UNIUS M ONTANUS R UTILIA P ERURDA

•C AT.N.

8 05

P ERECRINUS A PRI

*C AT.N.

8 06

F IND-SPOT: M OSTEIRO D E R IBEIRA F .

F IND-SPOT: M OSTEIRO D E R IBEIRA

I ULIA P RAENIA

•C AT.N.

8 07

F IND-SPOT: M OSTEIRO O E R IBEIRA

R UFONIA S EVERA

•C AT.N.

8 08

F IND-SPOT: N EGRELCe

F LAV INUS

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

F B 8 09

8 10

C IL,II,5582

F IND-SPOT: N EGRELOS ✓ 0

G

C IL,I1,5568

✓

8

S

A E,1976 ,295

✓

B

G

I RG ,IV ,68

✓ D

G

R GUEZ.

F IND-SPOT: N OCELO D A P ENA

C LAUO.TAUCIUS C LAUD.TAPILUS

•C AT.N.

8 11

F IND-SPOT: N OCELO D A P ENA

R UFO

•C AT.N.

8 12

F IND-SPOT: O IMBRA C OLMENER0 ,1977 ,412

•C AT.N.

8 13

F IND-SPOT: O LEIROS ✓

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

8 14

8 15

D

?

C IL,II,2460

✓ D

G

I RG ,IV ,14

F IND-SPOT: O RENSE

F IND-SPOT: O RENSE F D

•C AT.N.

8 16

C .SULP.FLAVUS

I RG ,IV ,126

F IND-SPOT: O RENSE ✓

B

G

I RG ,IV ,73

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA

N AMES

R ANKS

* C AT.N.

8 17

O RIGO

8 18

• C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

8 19

A EBOSOCA

8

G

1 RG,IV ,71

V

8

G

I RG,IV ,74

F

8

?

1 RG,IV 11 07

✓

A ? H

I RG,IV ,8

V

8

N

DENC,1975,209

V

A

G

C I1,11,2473

F IND-SPOT: O RENSE

8 20

F IND-SPOT: 0 B URGO ( CAMBA)

8 21

F IND-SPOT: O USILHAO

E LANICUS T AUR1NUS

• C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: O RENSE

C ALPURNIA A BANA

* C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: O RENSE(Nr.)

F A.SATURNINUS

* C AT.N.

T P G R D

8 22

F IND-SPOT: O UTEIRO S ECO

C .CERAECIUS F USCUS

F LAMEN P HC

T RANOY,1981

*C AT.N.

8 23

F IND-SPOT: O UTEIRO J UZAO

D APHNUS

L IB.

F

8

C IL,I1,2486

V

6

G

C ARDOZ0 ,1972,9

✓

C

G

B A,1986 ,184

V

8

G

C IL,I1,6287

V

8

G

A E,1973,319

V

8

G

A E,1973,321

S YNETHE C LA W!

F LAVI

•C AT.N.

8 24

F IND-SPOT: O UTEIRO J U DO

C ORNELIA S ATURNINA

• C AT.N.

* C AT.N.

8 25

F IND-SPOT: P ANOUE

8 26

F IND-SPOT:

P ASCOAIS V ICANI A TUCANENSES

•C AT.N.

8 27

F IND-SPOT:

P ENAFIEL.MOZINHO

L .ADRONIUS A VITIS F .

*C AT.N.

8 28

F IND-SPOT:

P ENAFIEL.MOZINHO

M EDAMUS

• C AT.N.

8 29

C AMALUS B URN!

* C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT:

P ASTORIA

F .

8 30

> SOTARBI

F IND-SPOT:

8 31

V

F IND-SPOT:

C 11,11,2484

P IAS

F LAVIUS F LAVIANUS

* C AT.N.

F 8

B

N

T RANOY,1981,278

P INHAO

A LP!! R EBURRI

V ETERAN

F A

C ARD020,1972,75

F

B

C ARD020,1972 ,76

V

B

L .SULPICIUS R UFUS L .

F LAVUS C LEMENS

*C AT.N.

8 32

L .ABOENA C ILURN1

F IND-SPOT:

P INNOVELO

F .

T AVIUS C ANCILUS

*C AT.N.

8 34

F IND-SPOT:

P ONTE

G .SULP.FESTUS

109

G

C ARDOZ0 ,1972,190

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

R ANKS

*C AT.N.

8 35

O RIGO

8 36

8 37

F LAV IANI

F LAV I

•C AT.N.

8 38

B

N

C IL,I1,2370

✓

B

G

A E,1973 ,311

F IND-SPOT: P RESOUEIRA F C

A E,1981,538

✓

B G

D URIUS ,I,1973

V

B N

F IND-SPOT: O UEIZAS

F LAV IA R ATERA •C AT.N.

✓ F IND-SPOT: P ORTO

U LPIUS F LAVUS *C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: P ORTO

C .IULIUS P YLADES *C AT.N.

T P G R D

8 39

F IND-SPOT: S ANFINS F IDENEARUM

P ORTUGALIA,I,1980,79 0

*C AT.N.

8 40

F IND-SPOT: S ARREAUS

I .LAGIUS •C AT.N.

8 41

..CIUS C LOUTI

•C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

8 42

*C AT.N.

I RG,IV ,80

✓

B N

I RG ,IV ,86

F IND-SPOT: R ABAL

8 43

F 8

A E,1974,398

F IND-SPOT: R ABAL

8 44

✓ D

7

8 . A UR.,1972,3 15

✓

A

M

I RG,IV ,85

✓

D

S

A E,1974,409

V

8 ?

A E,1981,256

✓

8

S

B A ,1986 ,19 1

✓ D

G

C IL,I1,2386

✓

B

G

C IL,11,2388

✓

B

N

C IL,I1,2387

F IND-SPOT: R AIRIZ D E V EIGA

M .SILONUS S ILANUS

•C AT.N.

B N

F IND-SPOT: S ARREAUS F .

S EKPRONIAE R UFINAE •C AT.N.

✓

8 45

S IGN.COH.I G AL

F IND-SPOT: R EADEGOS

8 46

F IND-S P OT: R EFOJOS D E B ASTO C ALUBRIGENSIS A BIANIS

*C AT.N.

8 47

F IND-SPOT: R EFOJOS D E L IMA

A UR.FLAVUS

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

8 48

8 49

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: R IBEIRA D A P ENA

8 50

A TLUS R EBURRI

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: R IBALONGA

8 51

8 52

F IND-SPOT: R IBEIRA D A P ENA F .

F IND-SPOT: R IBEIRA D E V ILARICA F D

T AE,1978 ,326

F C

T AE,1978 ,326

F IND-SPOT: R IBEIRA D E V ILARICA

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA R ANKS

N AMES

*C AT.N.

8 53

O RIGO

8 54

8 55

8 56

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

8 57

*C AT.N.

T AE,1978 ,326

V

B

N

T RANOY,1981,277

V

A

G

C 11,11,2389

V

A

G

C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,30

✓ D

G

B . A UR.,XII1,1983 ,

✓ D

G

B A ,1986 ,185

V

N

C 11,11,5563

F IND-SPOT: R IOSECO

8 58

F IND-SPOT: R ONFE

8 59

C ELEA C LOUT!

G

F IND-SPOT: R IBERINHA M ILITES C ON.! G ALLICAE.E0 .

*C AT.N.

B

F IND-SPOT: R IBERINHA

L EG.V II G EM INA M ILITES

*C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: R IBERINHA

0 .ANNIUS M OOESTUS

*C AT.N.

R EFERENCE

F IND-SPOT: R IBEIRA D E V ILARICA

T .S IMPLICIA

*C AT.N.

T P G R ID

F IND-SPOT: R ONFE F .

8 60

B LENDIA M ANTA!

B

F IND-SPOT: S ABUCEDO F .

F B

I RG,IV ,127

F C

T AE,1973 ,16 1-64

F B

A E,1982 ,582

M AXUMUS

•C AT.N.

8 61

O PTAC IUS V ALERI

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: S ABROSA F .

8 62

F IND-SPOT: S ABROSA

B ULONI L ATRONI P ATRICIAE C ORAL!

*C AT.N.

8 63

F IND-SPOT: S ABROSA

M .CLODIUS

•C AT.N.

C OLONUS U TICENS IS

8 64

V

8

G

T AE,1985,165

F IND-SPOT: S ELA,S.PEDRO

T ITO C ANANIO M ARCELLIANO

F B

I RG ,I11,39

C ANAN IUS M ONTANUS F ABIA M ARCELLA

*C AT.N.

8 65

R UFUS F LAV I

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: S OOREIRA.PAREDES.PORTO

F .

8 66

V

L IBER.

P ROV INCIA P ROTIDI

*C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

8 67

8 68

8 69

N

T RANOY,198 1,27 1

F IND-SPOT: S .ADRIA0 D E V IZELLA

P ROV INCIUS N EREUS

*C AT.N.

B

F .

F B

C 11,11,5559

L IBER.

F IND-SPOT: S TA.CRISTINA D E L IMA ✓

B

G

B A ,1986 ,186

✓

D

G

C 11,11,5666

V

A

N

C 11.11,5551

F IND-SPOT: S .FAUSTINO D E V IZELLA

F IND-SPOT: S .TIRSO

L .VALERIUS S IVUNUS

M ILES L EG.

111

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA

N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

8 70

O RIGO

T P G R D

R EFERENCE

✓

B

N

DENC,1975,166

✓

B

N

DENC,1975,77

✓

8

S

DENC,1975,211

✓

0

G

B . A UR.,197 1,297

F

B

V

B

G

C IL,I1,2399

✓

8

S

D 'ENC ,1975,294

F

C

A E,1980,553

F 0

C IL,I1,2391

F IND-SPOT: S .TIRSO

S EVERUS S ATURNINI

F .

H OMULLUS C ATURO ...

* C AT.N.

8 71

F IND-SPOT: S .TIRSO

F USCINUS F USCI

*C AT.N.

8 72

N IGER P ROCULI

*C AT.N.

*C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT:

T HUYAS,S,SALVADOR

F .

873

F IND-SPOT:

8 74

F IND-SPOT:

L ONGINIA L ONGINI

T IBIAS

T ORNO ,

S .SALVADOR

F .

I RG,IV ,132

S ECUNDINO

•C AT.N.

8 75

F IND-SPOT:

T O4RE D E M ONCORVO

S (ULPICIUS) B AS(SUS)

•C AT.N.

8 76

F IND-SPOT:

C IVITAS B ANIENS(IS) T ORRE D E P INHAO

C LITUS C ORINTHUS C AL V INUS

*C AT.N.

8 77

..MAGIUS M AGI

•C AT.N.

•C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT:

T RESMINAS

F .

8 78

8 79

C LUNIENSIS

F IND-S P OT:

F IND-SPOT:

T RESMINAS

T RESMINAS

R UFINUS R EBURRINUS

*C AT.N.

8 80

8 81

*C AT.N.

( MILES) C OH.BRACARAUGUSTANORUM

8 82

8 83

M

A E,1973,319

V

B

S

I RG,I11,16

V

A

G

I RG,III,30

✓

0

?

B . A UR.,1979 ,295-8

F

B

V

A

G

C IL,11,2395

V

B

G

C IL,I1,2466

F

A

F IND-SPOT: T UT

T .CLAUD.

*C AT.N.

8

F IND-SPOT: T UT

L .HISPANUS F RONT°

*C AT.N.

V

F IND-SPOT: U RRIOS

F IND-SPOT: V ADOMA

V IR(IA) M ATERNA

C IL,11,2379

S EV S EVERO

*C AT.N.

8 84

F IND-SPOT:

C .CALPURNIUS R UFINUS

*C AT.N.

8 85

P ANOYAS.V.DE N OGUEIRAS L EG.

I URID.

F IND-SPOT: V ALE D E T EHLAS ( CHAVES)

P UBLIUS D ECILIUS P LAGINUS

*C AT.N.

8 86

F IND-SPOT: V ALENCA D O M INHO V ET.LEG.VI V .

112

C IL,I1,2465

C ATALOGUE 1 : N ORTH W EST O F H ISPANIA N AMES

*C AT.N.

R ANKS

8 87

O RIGO

F IND-SPOT: V EIGA

L IGARIUS S ABINUS *C AT.N.

8 88

8 89

B

G

A E,198 1,531

✓

B

G

T RANOT,1981,314

F IND-SPOT: V IANA D O C ASTELLO

L .SESTI C LODAMENIS *C AT.N.

✓ F IND-SPOT: V ELLE

C .(M)ARIUS S ATURNINUS

*C AT.N.

T P G R D • R EFERENCE

8 90

F B

C IL,I1,2462.5611

F B

1 RV ,6

F 8

I RV ,2

F 8

I RV ,19

F 8

I RV ,5

F B

I RV ,3

F B

I RV ,17

F B

I RV ,8

F B

I RV ,7

F B

I RV ,4

F

I RV ,1

F B

I RV ,20

F IND-SPOT: V IGO

G .LICINIUS F LORUS G .LICINIO R UFO

*C AT.N.

8 9 1

F IND-SPOT: V IGO

0 .ARRIUS C AUKANUS

C LUN(IENSIS)

A UREL1OA M ATERNA

•C AT.N.

8 92

F IND-SPOT: V IGO

S EVERA R UF1NAE

•C AT.N..

8 93

U NCLITUA A MANDI •C AT.N.

F IND-SPOT: V IGO F .

8 94

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F IND-SPOT: V IGO

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F IND-SPOT: V IGO C LUNIENS

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F IND-SPOT: V IGO

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F IND-SPOT: V IGO

P UBLIUS U RSUS P UB( Hae) P .ESTERE

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8

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A E,1969/70 ,256

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B A,1986 ,190

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C ARDOZ0 ,1972 ,74

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A E,1980,579

F IND-SPOT: V ILA F RIA

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F IND-SPOT: V ILA F RIA

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F IND-SPOT: V ILA M CU

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F IND-SPOT: V ILA V ERDE

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F IND-SPOT: V ILAR O E A REIAS

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