The Neolithic and Bronze Age Cultures of the Middle and Upper Trent Basin 9780860541844, 9781407317137

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
List of Maps
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 The Physical and Geological Background
CHAPTER 2 Lithic Implements
CHAPTER 3 Pottery
CHAPTER 4 Metalwork
CHAPTER 5 Miscellaneous Artifacts
CHAPTER 6 Sites
CHAPTER 7 Local Distribution
CHAPTER 8 Conclusions
APPENDICES
ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CATALOGUE
MAPS
ILLUSTRATIONS

Citation preview

· The Neolithic and Bronze Age Cultures of the Middle and Upper Trent Basin

Philip M. Vine

BAR British Series I o 5 1982

B.A.R.,

B.A.R.

122

Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 78P, England

GENERAL EDITORS A. R. Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil. D. R. Walker, M.A.

R�R 105,1982: 'The Neolithic a nd Bronze Age Cultures of the Middle a nd Upper Trent Basin' ©

Philip M. Vine,1982

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780860541844 paperback ISBN 9781407317137 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860541844 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

CONTENTS I NTRODUCTION

1 .

T HE P HYSICAL A ND G EOLOGICAL B ACKGROUND

3

L ITHIC I MPLEMENTS

6

S tone a xes

6

B attle a xes

7

A xe h ammers

9

M aceheads

1 0

S hafthole a dzes

1

P ebble h ammers

1 2

S ummary o f t he p etrology o f s tone i mplements

3 .

a nd i ndicators o f p ossible " trade" p atterns

1 3

M iscellaneous l ithic i tems

1 4

F lint

1 5

P OTTERY

2 0

N eolithic p ottery

2 0

E arlier N eolithic p ottery

2 0

L ater N eolithic p ottery

2 1

T ransitional a nd B ronze A ge p ottery

2 2

B eakers

2 3

U rns

2 8 C ollared u rns

2 8

C ordoned u rns

3 0

E nlarged f ood v essels

3 1

U rns o f s pecial i nterest

3 1

I ndeterminate u rn f ragments

3 1

S ummary o f a ssociations o f u rns

3 2

F ood v essels

3 2

P ygmy c ups

3 5

I ndeterminate, A ge p ottery

p robable E arly B ronze

B arrel a nd b ucket u rns

3 6 3 6

4 .

M ETALWORK

4 1

T ransitional P eriod a nd E arly B ronze A ge m etalwork

4 1

B ronze a xes

4 1

B ronze d aggers a nd k nife-daggers

4 2

R azors

4 6

S pearheads

4 6

A wls

4 7

M etal j ewellery

4 7

M iscellaneous m etal o bjects

4 7

M iddle B ronze A ge m etalwork P alstaves

4 8

H aft

5 0

f langed a xes

P alstave-adze

5 0

D aggers,

5 0

d irks a nd r apiers

S pearheads

5 1

M etal j ewellery

5 2

H oards

5 2

L ate B ronze A ge m etalwork

5 .

6 .

4 8

5 2

H oards

5 3

S ocketed a xes

5 3

S words a nd b lades

5 5

S pearheads

5 5

M etal j ewellery

5 6

S ocketed b ronze i mplements a nd t ools

5 6

M iscellaneous m etal o bjects

5 7

6 1

M ISCELLANEOUS A RTIFACTS A mber

6 1

J et a nd s hale

6 1

F aience b eads

6 3

B one

6 4

M iscellaneous m aterials

6 5

S tones w ith c up m arks

6 5

S ITES

6 8

T he b arrow o peners a nd e xcavators

6 8

C ausewayed e nclosures

7 0

i i

7 .

M egalithic t ombs

7 0

H enges

7 4

T imber h enges

7 5

S tone c ircles

7 5

R ound b arrows

7 7

C ursuses

7 9

O ccupation s ites

7 9

C aves

8 2

H ill f orts

8 3

L OCAL D ISTRIBUTION

8 5

G eneral F orest

8 5 c learance a nd c ultivation

S tone a xes

8 6

B ronze f lat a xes

8 7

A xe h ammers

8 8

P alstaves

8 8

S ocketed a xes

8 9

E arlier N eolithic

9 0

L ater N eolithic

9 0

P ebble h ammers

9 1

T ransitional P eriod a nd E arly B ronze A ge

8 .

8 6

9 1

P erforated s tone i mplements

9 2

B eakers

9 3

C ollared u rns

9 3

F ood v essels

9 4

O ther p ottery

9 5

M etalwork

9 5

M iscellaneous a rtifacts

9 5

S ites

9 6

G eneral p icture

9 6

M iddle B ronze A ge

9 7

L ate B ronze A ge

9 8

1 24

C ONCLUSIONS

A PPENDICES 1 .

1 16

A cknowledgements

i ii

2 .

L ist o f s ectioned p olished s tone a xes

18

3 .

P roved b arrows o f t he T ransitional P eriod a nd E arly B ronze A ge

1 23

P ossible b arrows o f t he T ransitional P eriod a nd E arly B ronze A ge

1 27

S ources o f d rawings o f l ost o r i naccessible a rtifacts

1 35

4 . 5 .

A BBREVIATIONS

1 37

B IBLIOGRAPHY

1 38

C ATALOGUE

1 52

M APS A t o Z a nd A A t o A l

2 58

I LLUSTRATIONS

2 93-

1t o

1 015

4 10

i v

L is t o f Maps

A .

M iddle a nd U pper T rent B asin

2 58

B .

P olitical

2 59

C .

P hysical

2 60

D .

S implified S olid G eology

2 61

E .

G eology -Simplified Drift Map

2 62

F .

A gricultural L and C lassification

2 63

G .

D istribution o f P olished S tone A xes

H .

D istribution o f G roups I a nd V II A xes

2 65

I .

D istribution o f G roups V I A xes

2 66

J .

D istribution o f G roups V III,

K .

D istribution o f G roup X X A xes

2 68

L .

D istribution o f B attle A xes

2 69

M .

D istribution o f A xe H ammers

2 70

N .

D istribution o f M aceheads

2 71

0 .

D istribution o f S hafthole A dzes a nd P ebble H ammers

2 72

P .

D istribution o f E arlier N eolithic P ottery, a nd S ites

2 73

I X,

( sectioned)

X V,

X VI,

a nd X VIII A xes

2 64

2 67

S tone A xes

Q .

D istribution o f L ater N eolithic P ottery

2 74

R .

eakers D istribution o f B

2 75

S .

D istribution o f A OC,

T .

D istribution o f N 2, N 3,

U .

D istribution o f C ollared U rns

2 78

V .

D istribution o f P ygmy C ups a nd o f C ordoned U rns

2 79

W .

ood V essels D istribution o f F

2 80

X .

arrel a nd B ucket U rns D istribution o f B

2 81

Y .

D istribution o f E arly B ronze A ge M etalwork

2 82

Z .

D istribution o f M iddle B ronze A ge M etalwork

2 83

A A.

ate B ronze A ge M etalwork D istribution o f L

2 84

A B.

mber, D istribution o f A

2 85

A C.

D istribution o f C ausewayed E nclosures, M egalithic T ombs, H enges, S tone C ircles a nd C ursuses

2 86

D istribution o f D ebased M egalithic C ists

2 87

A D.

E ,

W /MR, N /MR a nd N /NR B eakers

2 76

S i, S 2,

2 77

S 3 a nd S 4 B eakers

J et a nd S hale,

a nd F aience

A E. D istribution b y D ensity o f P roved T ransitional a nd E arly B ronze A ge B arrows

2 88

A F. D istribution b y D ensity o f P roved a nd P ossible T ransitional a nd E arly B ronze A ge B arrows

2 89

A G. D istribution o f O ccupation S ites

2 90

A H. D istribution o f C aves a nd H ill F orts

2 91

A l.

D istribution b y D ensity o f T ransitional a nd E arly B ronze A ge A rtifacts

2 92

I NTRODUCT ION

T his r eport i s b ased o n a t hesis s ubmitted t o t he U niversity o f Nottingham f or t he d egree o f M aster o f P hilosophy i n 1 981. I ts o bject w as t o b ring t ogether, c atalogue a nd i llustrate a ll t he known N eolithic a nd

B ronze

A ge

a rtifacts

( other

t han

c ertain

c ategories

o f

l ithic

m aterial) f rom t he M iddle a nd U pper T rent B asin; t o d escribe t he s ites, b oth m onuments a nd s ettlements; t o s ummarise t he i tems; t o d iscuss t he m ore s ignificant o nes; t o c onsider t he d istribution o f t he f inds a nd s ites; a nd t o r each t entative c onclusions. T he

M iddle

a nd

U pper

T rent

B asin

a pproximates

c ounties o f L eicestershire a nd S taffordshire,

t o

t he

p resent

t hat p art o f D erbyshire

s outh o f t he n orthing g rid l ine S K70, s uch l ine r unning 3 k ilometres s outh o f Buxton, 1 k ilometre n orth o f B akewell a nd 1 k ilometre s outh o f C hesterfield,

a nd t hose

p ortions

o f t he p resent

c ounties

o f W est

M idlands a nd W arwickshire w hich l ie w ithin t he w atershed o f t he R iver T rent. S mall p arts o f L eicestershire a nd S taffordshire l ie o utside t he T rent's w atershed b ut t hey h ave b een i ncluded i n t he a rea .of s tudy f or t he c onvenience o f t hose i nterested o n ac ounty b asis. T he t otal a mount o f l and i n t he s tudy a rea i s a pproximately 8 120 s quare k ilometres,

o f

w hich 9 20 s quare k ilometres ( 11.3 p er c ent) a re i n t he H ighland Z one a nd 7 200 s quare k ilometres a re i n t he L owland Z one. T he w atershed o f t he R iver T rent a nd t he b oundary o f t he a rea o f s tudy a re s hown o n M ap A , a nd t he b oundaries o f t he p resent c ounties a nd, i n o rder t o r elate t o t o-day,

c ertain c ities a nd t owns a re d epicted o n M ap B .

W here t he

s outhern s lopes o f t he P ennines m eet t he T rent p lain s o m eet S ir C yril F ox's H ighland a nd L owland Z ones, a nd t his i mportant f actor p rovides a c ontrast w ithin t he a rea o f s tudy a nd e ncourages c omparisons, t he e mpirical b oundary o f t he H ighland Z one b eing d elineated o n M ap A . T he N eolithic a nd B ronze A ge C ultures o f t he M iddle a nd U pper T rent B asin h ave n ot p reviously b een c onsidered c omprehensively. M . P osnansky i n h is u npublished 1 956 U niversity o f N ottingham P h.D. t hesis r eviewed p rehistoric B ronze

A ge

m aterial f ound

f rom

t he

L ower P alaeolithic

i n L eicestershire,

t he L owland

t o Z one

t he

e nd

o f

t he

o f D erbyshire,

Nottinghamshire a nd N orthamptonshire, t he t wo l ast-named b eing o utside t he a rea o f t he p resent w riter,

b ut P osnansky d id n ot

i nclude e ither

S taffordshire o r t he H ighland Z one i n D erbyshire. M .J. F owler w ith

a s ection

e xamined t he

o n

d ebased

t ransition

m egalithic

b urials

b y

f rom t he L ate N eolithic

J .W .X.P.

( 1955),

C orcoran,

t o t he E arly B ronze

A ge i n t he P eak D istrict o f Derbyshire a nd S taffordshire, b ut h er s tudy w as

l imited b oth a s t o a rea a nd p eriod.

N either P osnansky n or F owler

m ade a c omparitive s tudy b etween t he H ighland a nd L owland Z ones, i n t he t wenty-five y ears s ince t hey w rote a dditional

a nd

f inds h ave b een

m ade a nd a rchaeological k nowledge h as b een i ncreased. During t he w riting o f t he t hesis C .F. H awke-Smith ( 1979) p ublished h is s tudy o f t he r elations b etween m an a nd l and f rom a bout 3 700 t o 8 00 B C

i n

a rea,

t he

s ector

w hich

b etween

i ncludes

b oth

t he

R ivers

l and

Dove

a nd

i n t he H ighland

D erwent.

However,

Z one a nd

h is

t he L owland

Z one, i s b ut a s mall p art o f t he p resent w riter's a rea o f s tudy. T hus, t he p resent w ork b reaks n ew g round i n t hat i t a ssem 1) les t he m aterial f rom,

a nd m akes a c omparative

s tudy

1

o f,

t he w hole

o f t he M iddle a nd

U pper T rent B asin t he B ronze A ge.

f rom t he b eginning o f t he N eolithic

t o t he e nd o r

C 14 d ates r eferred t o a re t hose u sing t he c onventional L ibby v alue o f 5 568 y ears f or t he h alf-life o f r adiocarbon a nd a re e xpressed w ithin o ne s tandard d eviation f ollowed b y " bc" ( e.g. 1 800 1 50 b c). T he c alendar d ates w hich h ave b een a dopted g enerally f ollow t hose o f I .F. S mith ( 1974) a nd B urgess ( 1974) a nd a re b ased o n C 14 d ates w ith t he a pplication o f t he S uess t ree-ring c alibration f or t he F ourth,

T hird

a nd F irst M illennia B C a nd M cKerrell's h istorical s cale f or t he S econd M illenium B C. C alendar d ates a re f ollowed b y " BC", a nd w here t hey a re i n b rackets a fter C 14 d ates o nly t he m idpoint o f t he r ange i s q uoted, e .g. 1 800 1 1 50 b c ( c 2 020 B C). I t w ill t herefore b e a ppreciated t hat t here i s a 6 6% p robability t hat t he c alendar d ate f alls w ithin t he r ange 2 170 -1870 B C a nd t hat u sing t wo s tandard d eviations t here i s a 9 5% p robability t hat

i t

i s w ithin t he r ange 2 320 -1720 B C,

a s pan

o f 6 00 y ears i n t his e xample. A ll a rtifacts

f rom t he a rea o f s tudy w hich a re i llustrated h ave a

c orpus n umber w hich i s u sed t hroughout, b eing i n b rackets i n b oth t he t ext a nd t he c atalogue b ut w ithout b rackets i n t he s ection c ontaining t he i llustrations. I a m i ndebted t o t he m any p eople a nd i nstitutions l isted i n A ppendix 1 , w ho d id s o m uch t o a ssist m e, i n p articular t o J effrey M ay, U niversity o f N ottingham, w ho w as m y s upervisor a nd t o P aul A shbee, U niversity o f E ast A nglia, w ho e ncouraged m e t o s eek p ublication a nd a dvised m e o n t he p roduction o f t his r eport.

2

CHAPTER

1

T he P hys ica l a nd Geo log ica l Background

T he a rea o f s tudy, w hich i s d epicted p hysically o n M ap C , i s d ominated b y t he f lat, w ide a nd l ow l ying v alley o f t he R iver T rent, w hich r ises n ear B iddulph a bout 9 k ilometres n orth o f S toke-on-Trent. T t f lows i n a s outh-easterly d irection t o t he n orth-east o f S tafford a s f ar a s R ugeley, t hen s wings i n a n e asterly d irection t o A lrewas f rom w here i t c ontinues n orth-east t hrough B urton-upon-Trent, t hen r uns e astwards t o t he s outh o f D erby t o n ear L ong E aton a nd p asses o ut o f t he a rea i n an orth-easterly d irection t owards N ottingham . O utside t he s tudy a rea t he T rent f lows n orthwards t hrough N ottinghamshire a nd L incolnshire t o j oin t he R iver H umber a nd s o t o t he N orth S ea. T he p rincipal t ributaries o f t he T rent o n t he l eft b ank i n the a rea o f s tudy a re t he R ivers D erwent a nd D ove, t he l atter b eing f ed b y t he M anifold a nd t he C hurnet, a nd t hose o n t he r ight b ank a re t he R iver S oar, w hich i s f ed b y t he W reake, t he R iver T ame, w hich i s f ed b y t he A nker, a nd t he R iver S ow, w hich i s f ed b y t he P enk. N orth o f t he T rent a nd p enetrated b y i ts t ributaries, a nd

t he D ove,

l ie

t he

s outhern

s lopes

o f

t he

P ennines,

t he D erwent o ne

o f

t he

h ighest p oints i n t he s tudy a rea b eing O liver H ill, 5 12 m etres. B etween t he l ower r eaches o f t he D ove a nd t he T rent l ies N eedwood F orest, t he h ighest p oint b eing 1 48 m etres a t M archington C liff. S outh o f t he T rent a nd t o t he e ast o f t he S oar l ies a s ection o f t he J urassic S carpland w hich r uns f rom t he D orset c oast t o t he E ast C oast s outh o f t he R iver T ees. T he h ighest p oint o f t he L eicestershire s ection o f t he J urassic S carpland i s W hatborough H ill, 2 30 m etres, a nd t he n ortherly p ortion i s k nown a s t he L eicestershire W olds. A lso s outh o f t he T rent b ut w est o f t he S oar i s C harnwood F orest, t he h ighest p oints b eing B ardon H ill, 2 79 m etres, a nd B eacon H ill, 2 49 m etres. A gain s outh o f t he T rent b etween t he T ame a nd t he R ivers S ow a nd P enk l ies C annock C hase, t he rhest p h ir oint b eing C astle R ing, 2 42 m etres. W ith r egard t o t he g eology o f t he s tudy a rea, t he s olid g eology i s s hown o n M ap D a nd t he s uperficial d eposits o n M ap E . T he u nderlying r ock o f t he v alleys o f t he R ivers T rent, S oar,

T ame, S ow a nd P enk a nd

o f l ower r eaches o f t he R ivers D erwent a nd D ove i s k euper m arl, t here b eing e xtensive s uperficial d eposits o f a lluvium a nd r iver g ravel b ordered b y s uperficial d eposits o f b oulder c lay. T he u nderlying r ocks o f t he J urassic S carpland a re m ainly L ower L ias w ith M iddle a nd U pper L ias a nd O olites o n t he s outh-easterly s lopes, t he L ower L ias i n p articular h aving a t hick c over o f b oulder c lay. C harnwood F orest o n t he o ther h and c omprises a ncient, h ard P recambrian r ocks s uch a s s late, v olcanic a gglomerates, b reccia a nd t uff w ith r esultant t hin, i nfertile s oil. T he u nderlying r ocks o f C annock C hase a re p rincipally c oal m easures a nd B unter S andstone, w hich a re o verlaid w ith s uperficial d eposits o f b oulder c lay, a nd i n N eedwood F orest t h- k euper m arl i s a lso o verlaid w ith b oulder c lay.

3

T he s outhern s lopes o f t he P ennines h ave v irtually n o s uperficial d eposits. B etween t he R ivers E rewash a nd D erwent t he u nderlying r ocks c omprise c oal m easures t o t he e ast a nd m illstone g rit t o t he w est, b etween t he R ivers D erwent a nd D ove t hey a re m illstone g rit t o t he e ast a nd c arboniferous l imestones t o t he w est, a nd b etween t he D ove a nd t he u pper w aters o f t he T rent t hey c omprise c arboniferous l imestones t o t he e ast a nd m illstone g rit t o t he w est. B oth p hysically a nd g eologically t he s tudy a rea f alls i nto f ive d istinct a nd c ontrasted s ub-areas -(1) t he v alley f loor o f t he R ivers T rent, S oar, T ame, S ow a nd P enk a nd o f t he l ower r eaches o f t he R ivers D erwent a nd D ove, ( 2) t he J urassic S carpland, ( 3) C harnwood F orest, ( 4) C annock C hase a nd ( 5) t he s outhern s lopes o f t he P ennines. T he a gricultural l and c lassification w ithin t he s tudy a rea i s s hown o n M ap F . A n ational s ystem o f a gricultural l and c lassification w as i ntroduced b y t he M inistry o f A griculture, F isheries a nd F ood i n 1 966 a nd,

f ollowing

s urvey

w ork,

w as

c ompleted i n

1 976.

T his

s ystem h as

f ive b asic g rades, G rades 1 t o 5 , w hich a re d efined i n A ppendix 1 t o M inistry o f A griculture, A gricultural L and S ervice, T echnical R eport N o.11, " Agricultural L and C lassification", 1 966. G rade 3 w as s ubsequently d ivided i nto t hree s ub-grades w hich a re d efined i n A ppendix 1 t o M inistry o f A griculture, A gricultural D evelopment a nd A dvisory S ervice, T echnical R eport N o. 11/1 , " Agricultural L and C lassification o f E ngland a nd W ales, t he d efinition a nd i dentification o f S ub-grades w ithin G rade 3 ", 1 976. T he s ystem i s o ne w hereby a gricultural l and i s g raded a ccording t o t he d egree t o w hich i ts p hysical c haracteristics i mpose l ong t erm l imitations o n a gricultural u se.

W hile t here

i s u sually a f airly c lose c orrelation b etween s oil

s eries a nd l and q uality, i t i s n ot u ncommon f or a s ingle s oil s eries t o s traddle t wo o r m ore l and q uality g rades b ecause o f v ariations i n a ltitude, c limate a nd e ven s oil p roperties s uch a s d epth. T he p hysical f actors w hich a re m ost l ikely t o i nfluence f arming a re c limate, p articularly r ainfall, t ranspiration, t emperature a nd e xposure; r elief,

i n p articular

t exture,

s tructure,

s lope;

a nd s oil,

p articularly w etness,

d epth,

s toniness a nd a vailable w ater c apacity.

G rade 1 i s l and w ith v ery m inor o r n o p hysical l imitations o n a gricultural u se. T he s oils a re d eep, w ell d rained l oams, s andy l oams o r

p eat,

l ying

o n

l evel

s ites

o r

g entle

s lopes

a nd

a re

e asily

c ultivated. T hey r etain g ood r eserves o f a vailable w ater a nd a re e ither w ell s upplied w ith p lant n utrients o r h ighly r esponsive t o f ertilizers. N o c limatic f actor r estricts t heir a gricultural u se t o a ny m ajor e xtent. T here i s n o G rade 1 l and w ithin t he a rea o f s tudy e xcept f or t wo v ery s mall a reas o f n o m aterial s ignificance. G rade 2 i s l and w ith s ome m inor l imitations w hich e xclude i t f rom G rade 1 , t hese l imitations b eing f requently c onnected w ith t he s oil; f or e xample, i ts t exture, d epth o r d rainage, t hough m inor c limatic o r s ite r estrictions, s uch a s e xposure o r s lope, m ay a lso c ause l and t o b e i ncluded i n t his g rade. O nly 1 7.4 p er c ent o f a gricultural l and i n E ngland a nd W ales f alls w ithin G rades 1 a nd 2 c ombined. T here i s n o G rade 2 l and i n t he H ighland Z one o f t he s tudy a rea a nd o nly v ery l imited q uantities i n t he L owland Z one. T hese a re m ainly t o t he e ast o f t he R iver S oar a nd n orth o f t he R iver W reake; t o t he s outh-west o f t he m iddle r eaches o f t he R iver D erwent n orth a nd w est o f D erby; i n t he v alley o f t he R iver T rent b etween A ston-on-Trent a nd B urton-upon-

1

T rent; t o t he w est o f C harnwood F orest i n t he b asin o f t he R iver A nker; t o t he e ast o f C annock C hase a nd t o t he w est o f t he R iver T ame i n t he L ichfield a rea; i n t he v alley o f t he R iver S ow; a nd i n t he v alley o f t he R iver P enk. G rade 3 i s l and o f a verage q uality w ith l imitations d ue t o t he s oil, r elief o r c limate o r ac ombination o f t hese f actors w hich r estrict t he c hoice o f c rops, t iming o f c ultivation o r l evel o f y ield. S oil d efects m ay b e o f s tructure, t exture, d rainage, d epth, s toniness o r w ater h olding c apacity; a nd o ther d efects s uch a s a ltitude, s lope o r r ainfall m ay a lso b e l imiting f actors.

G rass a nd c ereals a re p rincipal c rops,

a nd a lmost h alf, 4 8.9 p er c ent, o f a gricultural l and i n E ngland a nd W ales f alls w ithin G rade 3 , h ence t he t hree s ub-grades i ntroduced i n 1 976. I n t he c ase o f s ome c ounties, f or e xample G loucestershire, L eicestershire a nd N orthamptonshire, G rade 3 l and f orms m ore t han 8 0 p er c ent o f a ll f armland i n t hose c ounties. T here a re o nly v ery l imited q uantities o f G rade 3 l and i n t he H ighland Z one o f t he s tudy a rea, b ut . t he b ulk o f t he L owland Z one i s G rade 3 G rade 4 i s l and w ith s evere l imitations d ue t o a dverse s oil, r elief o r c limate o r a c ombination o f i nclude u nsuitable t exture a nd

t hem. A dverse s oil c haracteristics s tructure, w etness, s hallow d epth,

s toniness o r l ow w ater h olding c apacity; a nd r elief a nd c limatic r estrictions m ay i nclude s teep s lopes, s hort g rowing s eason, h igh r ainfall

o r e xposure.

L and

o f t his g rade

i s g enerally o nly

s uitable

f or l ow o utput e nterprises, a nd a h igh p roportion o f i t i s u nder g rass w ith o ccasional f ields o f o ats, b arley o r f orage c rops. I n t he a rea o f s tudy m ost o f t he H ighland Z one a nd t he l and i mmediately t o t he

. I n t he r emainder o f t he e ast, s outh a nd w est o f t hat z one i s G rade 4 L owland Z one t here i s l ittle G rade 4 l and, a nd t his i s l imited t o C harnwood F orest,

C annock C hase a nd a reas

i mmediately

a djoining

t he

r ivers, i n t he l atter c ase G rade 4 l and a pproximating t o t he s uperficial g eological d eposits o f a lluvium a nd r iver g ravels. G rade 5 i s l and o f l ittle a gricultural v alue w ith v ery s evere l imitations d ue t o a dverse s oil, r elief o r c limate o r a c ombination o f t hese. T he m ain l imitations i nclude v ery s teep s lopes, e xcessive r ainfall a nd e xposure, p oor t o v ery p oor d rainage, s hallow d epth o f s oil, e xcessive s toniness, l ow w ater h olding c apacity a nd s evere p lant n utrient d eficiencies o r t oxicities. L and o f t his g rade i s g enerally u nder g rass o r r ough g razing e xcept f or o ccasional p ioneer f orage nd 5 l and i n E ngland a nd W ales c rops. T he c ombined t otal o f G rades 4 a i s 3 3 .7 p er c ent. I n t he s tudy a rea t here i s n o G rade 5 l and i n t he L owland Z one, b ut t here a re s ignificant a reas i n t he H ighland Z one, p articularly b etween t he R ivers D ove a nd C hurnet; i n t he v alley o f , a nd i mmediately t o t he e ast o f, t he R iver D ove; o n S tanton M oor w est o f t he R iver D erwent; o n B eely M oor e ast o f t he D erwent; a nd i n t he t riangle f ormed b y M atlock, C romford a nd B rassington w est o f t he D erwent. I t w ill b e n oted t hat m ost o f t he G rade 5 l and i s o n m illstone g rit. T he a pplication o f t he m odern a gricultural l and c lassification t o t he d istribution o f N eolithic a nd B ronze A ge f ind s pots i s d iscussed i n C hapter 7 .

5

CHAPTER 2 L ith ic

T he

s tone

i mplements

I mp le ments

f rom

t he

s tudy

a rea

a re

d escribed

i n

t he

s ucceeding p ages i n t he o rder o f s tone a xes, t he f ive c ategories o f p erforated i mplements ( battle a xes, a xe h ammers, m aceheads, s hafthole a dzes a nd p ebble h ammers),

m iscellaneous a nd f lint.

S TONE

AXES

U nperforated, p olished s tone a xes a re n ormally N eolithic, b ut t heir u se

p robably

c ontinued

i nto

t he

E arly

B ronze

A ge.

S m ith

( 1979)

s uggested t hat t hey w ere m anufactured i n t he B ritish I sles f rom c 3250 b c t o

1 750 b e

( c4100 B C t o 2 150 B C).

I ndividual

a re n either i llustrated n or d iscussed, a t ypical e xample d istribution a re

p olished

s tone a xes

e xcept f or t he i llustration o f

( 1), b ut t heir n umbers, p etrological g roupings a nd c onsidered. P etrological i nformation h as b een

e xtracted f rom C ummins a nd M oore ( 1973) i n r espect o f t he R utland d istrict o f L eicestershire a nd f rom M oore a nd C ummins ( 197 ) 4) i n r espect o f D erbyshire a nd t he r emainder o f L eicestershire, a dded

l ater

i nformation

c omprehensive l ist s elected i tems a re

k indly

s upplied

b y

t o w hich h as b een

T .H.McK.Clough.

No

f or S taffordshire h as b een p ublished, a lthough r eferred t o i n S hotton ( 1959 ) . T he p osition h as

b een f urther c omplicated b y t he a bolition o f t he d istinction b etween S outh a nd N orth S taffordshire a nd t he i ntroduction o f r enumbering, b ut ad raft l ist h as b een o btained f rom B irmingham M useum. S ome 2 1) 4 p olished s tone a xes 2 ),

f rom t he a rea h ave b een p etrologically e xamined

S taffordshire

a nd

( Appendix

1 35 f rom D erbyshire ( part), 2 9 f rom

4 3 b eing f rom L eicestershire,

7 f rom W est M idlands a nd W arw ickshire ( part). T he

d istribution o f t he 2 14 i s s hown o n M ap G a nd c onsidered i n r elation t o t he s ettlement p atterns i n C hapter 7 , a nd t heir p etrological g roupings a re s et

o ut

i n T able

1 ,

p age

1 7.

T he l ocation o f k nown a xe f actories f or G roups V I, V II a nd I X a nd o f t he p robable s ources o f G roups I , V III, X V, X VI,XVIII a nd X X i s i llustrated i n M oore a nd C ummins

( 197) 4),

6 0,

f igure 1 .

G roup I , w hich

i s u ralitised g abbro, e pidiorite o r g reenstone, i s f rom t he M ount's B ay a rea, n ear P enzance, C ornwall. T here a re t en l ocal e xamples, a nd t heir d istribution i s

o n M ap H .

T hey

r epresent

4 .67

p er

c ent

o f t he

t otal e xamined f rom t he s tudy a rea c ompared w ith 9 .9 p er c ent o f t he a xes e xamined f rom t he " national" a rea o f C ummins ( 1979), E ngland a nd W ales

s outh o f a l ine K endal -S carborough. T he g reatest

f requency o f

d istribution o f t his g roup i s o n t he E ssex c oast, a nd c onsiderable f requency i n t he L ondon a rea, E ssex, S uffolk, a nd W est M idlands

( Cummins

t here i s W iltshire

1 979).

G roup V I i s e pidotised i ntermediate t uff, a nd t he a xe f actories a re i n t he G reat

L angdale a nd S cafell P ike a rea o f C umbria.

T here a re 8 5

e xamples ( Map I ), w hich a re 3 9.72 p er c ent o f t he l ocal t otal c ompared w ith 2 5.0 p er c ent f or t he " national" a rea, G roup V I a xes b eing t he m ost

a bundant

l ocally

a nd

n ationally.

T he

g reatest

f requency

o f

d istribution i s i n H umberside, a nd t he f requency i s s ubstantial i n t he

6

E ast M idlands, S outh Y orkshire, W est Y orkshire, G reater M anchester a nd L ancashire. G roup V II i s a ugite g ranophyre, a nd t he f actories a re i n P enmaenmawr a rea, Gwynedd. T here a re 2 7 l ocal s pecimens ( Map H ), t hese a xes, w hich a re t he s econd m ost n umerous l ocally,

t he a nd

a re 1 2.62 p er

.6 p er c ent. T heir c ent o f t he t otal c ompared w ith a " national" 8 g reatest f requency i s i n N orth W ales. G roup V III, w hich i s s ilicified t uff, h as i ts s ource i n D yfed. T here a re o nly t hree l ocal e xamples ( Map J ). T hey a re 1 .40 p er c ent o f t he l ocal t otal o f s tone a xes c ompared w ith t he " national" p ercentage o f 2 .5, a nd t his g roup i s r are o utside S outh W ales. T ievebulliagh

a nd

G roup I X i s p orcellanite,

R athlin

I sland,

C ounty

t he f actories b eing a t

A ntrim,

N orthern

I reland.

A lthough t his g roup i s r elatively u ncommon o utside I reland, t here a re t wo l ocal e xamples ( Map J ). G roup X V, m icaceous s ub-greywacke, i s f rom s outhern C umbria. T here a re f ive s tone a xes o f t his g roup ( Map J ) a nd t hey f orm 2 .34 p er c ent o f t he l ocal t otal. G roup X VI, w hich i s e pidiorite o r g reenstone f rom n ear C amborne, S outh-West E ngland, T hey

f orm

1 .40 p er c ent

G roup X VIII, England.

b ut

T here

q uartz

i s a bundant i n ( Map J ).

o f b oth t he l ocal a nd " national" t otals. d olerite,

a re t hree

p er c ent o f t he " national" a rea.

C ornwall,

t here a re o nly t hree l ocal e xamples

i s f rom t he W hin S ill i n N orth-East

f rom t he

a rea

o f s tudy

( Map J ),

b eing

1 .40

l ocal t otal c ompared w ith 2 .4 p er c ent f rom T he g reatest f requency i s i n Y orkshire. G roup

t he X X,

e pidotized a shy g rit, h as i ts s ource i n C harnwood F orest, L eicestc-shire. T here a re 1 8 e xamples ( Map K ), a nd t hese a xes a re t he t hird m ost n umerous l ocally. T hey a re 8 .41 p er c ent o f t he t otal c ompared w ith 2 .2 p er c ent f rom t he " national" a rea, b eing m ostly f rom t he E ast a nd W est M idlands. t he t otal

T he r emaining 5 8 a xes,

f rom t he s tudy a rea,

e pidiorite, 7 o f d olerite p articular s tone.

2 7.10 p er c ent

o f

1 8 b eing o f t uff, 1 0 o f o 1 o f a r 2nging f rom 3 t

a re u ngrouped,

a nd

t he

o thers

Dating i s d ifficult o wing t o t he p aucity o f c onclusive a ssociations, b ut S mith V I

( 1979)

a re 3 000 b e t o

s uggested a pproximate d ates. 1 800 b e

T hose f or G roups I a nd

( c3700 B C t o 2 000 B C);

( possibly a s e arly a s 3 250 b e) t o 1 800 b e G roup V III 3 000 b e t o 2 250 b e

G roup V II

2 750

b e

( c3500/4100 B C t o 2 000 B C);

( possibly a s l ate a s

1 800 b e)

( c3700 B C

800 b e ( c3500 B C t o 2 000 B C); t o 2 900/2000 B C); G roup I X 2 750 b e t o 1 G roup X V p ossibly 2 000 b e t o 1 800 b e ( c2500 B C t o 2 000 B C); G roup X VI 3 000 b e t o 2 500 b e ( c3700 B C t o 3 300 B C); a nd G roups X VIII a nd X X 2 000 b e t o

1 800 b e

( c2500 B C t o 2 000 B C).

BATTLE AXES I n

1 960 A shbee d istinguished f ive t ypes o f a xe h ammers a nd b attle

a xes. R oe h ammer"

( 1966) i ncluded t hese i n t he t erm " battle a xe" a nd u sed " axe

f or

t he

l arger

a nd

c ruder

p erforated

i mplements,

d efining

b attle a xes a s b eing g enerally u nder 1 8cm l ong a nd m ore f inely s haped. I n t hat a rticle s he s ought t o s how t hat b attle a xes c ould b e a rranged i n a c ontinuous o rder o f d evelopment a ccording t o t he d egree e xpansion a t e ither e nd s een i n p rofile, r anging f rom t hose t hat

o f d o

n ot e xpand t hrough i ntermediate s tages o f e xpansion t o f ully e xpanded b lades a nd b utts. S he c lassified b attle a xes a ccording t o t hree f actors -b lade e xpansion, d istance b etween b lade e xpansion a nd b utt e xpansion

7

c ompared w ith t otal l ength, a nd s hape o f b utt. U sing t hese f actors s he a dopted f ive t he o ther. T his

s tages o f d evelopment

c lassification

i s

a nd n ine g roups,

c omplicated

a nd

i t

i s

d etermine e ither t he s tage o r g roup o f a n i tem.

e ach o verlapping

n ot

R oe

a lways ( 1979)

e asy

t o

a dopted a

s implified s cheme o f t hree s tages -E arly, I ntermediate a nd D eveloped. E arly b attle a xes a re c onvex o r v ery s lightly c oncave a nd n on-expanded a nd m ay h ave t heir g reatest d epth t owards t he b utt e nd; a nd I ntermediate o nes a re n oticeably c oncave.

T he D eveloped o nes a re c oncave a nd l ong

a nd s lender w ith c omparatively w idely e xpanded e nds i n t he c ase o f t he S outhern v ariants

a nd

a re m arkedly

c oncave

a nd

r elatively

s hort

a nd

t hick i n t he c ase o f t he N orthern, b asically S cottish, v ariants. T he e arliest k nown a ssociations o f b attle a xes a re w ith C larke's S outhern B ritish B eaker s eries o f c 1700 b e t o 1 500 b e ( e1900 B C t o 1 725 B C),and t he C 14 d ate f or a s tage 1 b attle a xe f rom N ess o f G ruting, i s

1 564

b e

4 .

1 20

( c1750 B C).

T here

i s

a lso a C 14 d ate

S hetland,

f or a S tage V

b attle a xe o f t he S nowshill G roup f rom H ove o f 1 239 b e + 4 6 ( c 1 430 B C), a nd I .F. S mith ( 1979) h as s uggested t hat b attle a xes r ange f rom a bout

1 650 b e

( c

1 850 B C)

t o

1 250 b e

( c

1 450 B C).

T here a re s ome 3 2 b attle a xes f rom t he s tudy a rea ( Map L ). , T he e arly Woodhenge G roup i ncludes t he b attle a xes f rom L ong E aton C emetery ( 2) 4), Newwcastle u nder a nd S tonton W yville ( 3) w hich h ave A b utts, L eigh ( L yme ( 5),

S hutlanehead ( 6)

a nd C opmere

( not i llustrated) w hich h ave B

b utts, a nd B elper ( 7) w hich h as a C b utt. T here i s n o e xample w ith a D b utt. T he p art p erforated i mplement f rom A mbion H ill, S utton C heney ( 8), r esembling a n a xe h ammer, i s a W oodhenge b attle a xe ( Roe 1 979) p resumably b ecause i ts m easurements f all w ithin t he m axima a dopted f or b attle a xes.

A pplying t hese m axima t he e xample f rom C aldon L ow ( 9) i s

m arginally a S tage I b attle a xe w ith a n A b utt a nd n ot a n a xe h ammer. T he i mplement f rom D erby/Derbyshire ( 10), w hich h as a n a bnormally l arge p erforation f or i ts s ize, a lso f alls w ithin t he m axima a nd h as a B b utt. O f

t he

I ntermediate

b attle

a xes,

w ith A b utts a nd t here a re s even.

t he

f irst

g roup

i s

C alais W old

T hose f rom S tandlow ( 11),

T hirkelow

( 12) a nd U lverscroft P riory ( 13) a re S tage I I; t hree f rom C arder L ow ( 14), O dstone H all, M arket B osworth ( 15) a nd P arsley H ay ( Parcelly H ay) i tself ( 16) a re S tage I II; a nd t he o ne f rom T hrowley ( 17) i s S tage I V. T he W ilsford G roup w ith B b utts i s r epresented b y t hose f rom B etley ( 18) a nd U ttoxeter ? ( 19), b oth b eing S tage I I. T he w idth a nd b readth o f t he o ne f rom U ttoxeter e xceed t he m axima,

b ut i t w as c lassified a s

a b attle a xe ( Roe 1 966) p resumably b ecause o f t he m arkedly f lared b lade a nd b utt. T here

a re

f our

o f

t he

S toke-on-Trent, H anley o utstanding e xample o f f rom K enslow

( 21)

H erd

H owe

G roup

w ith

C b utts.

T hose

f rom

( 20) a nd S tanton M oor ( 22), t he l atter a n a t runcated b utt, a re S tage I I a nd t he o nes

a nd T hurlaston

( 24)

a re S tage I II,

a s played b lade r esembling a b ronze f orm.

t he

l ast h aving

W ith r egard t o t he C odford

S t P eter G roup w ith b utt D a nd a m edium L 2/L f actor t here a re t wo, o ne f rom B arrow 3 6, S tanton M oor ( 23) w hich i s S tage I II a nd o ne f rom B ranston

( 25)

w hich

i s

S tage

e xample f rom S heldon Moor

I V

( 29)

a nd

d ecorated.

T he

p art-perforated

w ith a D b utt m ay a lso b elong t o t his

g roup. T here i s o nly o ne e xample o f t he L oose H owe G roup w ith a D b utt a nd a h igh L 2/L f actor, a nd n one

t hat

f rom B orrowash

f rom t he n orthern S cotsburn G roup.

8

( 26) w hicY

i s S tage I II,

A s

t o

Developed

Ambergate b elong

( 27)

t o

Hambleton

a nd

t he ( 31)

( 32)

a xes,

f rom

S nowshill

( 33)

G roup.

O f

t here

t he

a re

w hich

t wo,

h ave

r emaining

o ne

f rom M ancetter

I I,

f rom P ikehall

t he

( not

Twenty-four b attle a xes p age 1 8).

f rom

E b utts

f ive,

t hat

f ragment

( 30)

a nd f rom

a nd S toke-on-Trent,

f rom A ldwark,

C urzon L odge

b elongs t o e ither t he C alais W old o r t he W ilsford G roup,

f ragment

2 ,

V ,

( 28),

a nd v ery f lared b lade m ay b elong t o t he

t he f ragments

a re S tage

S tage

H artshill

w ith a B b utt

W ilsford G roup, T rentham

b attle o ne

i llustrated)

h ave

b een

a nd t he

i s i ndeterminate.

p etrologically

e xamined

( Table

A lthough n one o f t he p olished s tone a xes b elong t o G roups

f t he l atter. X II a nd X IV, t here a re 5 b attle a xes o f t he f ormer a nd 3 o G roup X II i s p icrite f rom n ear H yssington o n t he S hropshire -P owys b order, i ts u se b eing c onfined t o b attle a xes a nd a xe h ammers. G roup X IV i s r arely T en

u sed c amponite

o f t he b attle a xes

f rom n ear N uneaton,

h ave

a ssociations,

W arwickshire.

b ut

a ll E arly

e xamples

h ave n one. Of t he C alais W old G roup t hat f rom P arsley H ay ( 16) w as w ith a f lat, r iveted b ronze d agger w ith a r ounded h eel ( 700) i n a s econdary i nterment i n ab arrow; t he o ne f rom S tandlow ( 11) w as f ound i n ab arrow w ith a s imilar d agger ( 711); a lso t ype

a nd t he e xample f rom C arder L ow ( 14)

w as

f ound i n a b arrow w ith a n i nhumation a nd a d agger. o f t he s ame ( 704). T he o ne f rom T hirkelow ( 12) c ame f rom t he c entre o f a

b arrow, b ut t he f ood v essel ( 561),

j et d isc b ead a nd h orse s hoe s craper

o f c hert w ere f ound i n a s ubsidiary b urial a nd a re n ot a ssociated. T hat f rom T hrowley ( 17) w as f ound i n t he c entre o f a b arrow w ith a b ronze a wl ( 740), b one p ins ( 959 a nd 9 69) a nd a b one c ylinder ( 992) a l arge b roken u rn w ith c alcined b ones.

i n

T he o nly b attle a xe o f t he Herd H owe G roup t o h ave a ssociations i s f rom

K enslow

i nh,mations,

( 21) i n

w hich

t he

w as

s ame

f ound

c ist,

a t

i n

1 821

t he

b etween

c entre

o f

t wo

a b arrow

p rimary w ith

a

p estle/rubber ( 165), t he c rescent s haped b one o rnament ( 989) n ot b eing a ssociated. F our b attle a xes h ave l oose a ssociations -t he o ne f rom B arrow 3 6, S tanton M oor ( 23), w hich b elongs t o t he C odford S t P eter G roup,

w as

f ound w ith

c remated

b ones;

t he

o ne

f rom B orrowash

( 26),

w hich b elongs t o t he L oose H owe G roup, w as f ound w ith " many s keletons" d uring r ailway c onstruction; t he e xample f rom H artshill ( 28), w hich i s o f t he S nowshill G roup,

w as r ecovered f rom a b arrow a nd t hat

f rom

T rentham B arrow.

t o

F arm

( 33)

i s

b elieved

h ave

b een

f ound

i n

t he

N orthwood

AXE HAMMERS A xe h ammers w ere d efined b y R oe

( 1966)

a s l arger a nd m ore c rudely

s haped t han b attle a xes a nd g enerally o ver 1 8cm l ong. I ncluded i n t his c ategory a re o nes s horter t han t his b ut w hich a re m arkedly b road a nd t hick i n p roportion t o t heir l ength, t hat i s o ver 7 .5 c m b road a nd 6 .5 c m t hick. A xe h ammers w ere d ivided ( Roe 1 979) i nto C lass I , b eing t hose t hat a re b asically c onvex i n p rofile, a nd C lass I I, b eing t hose t hat a re

c oncave

C lasses

I a,

i n

p rofile.

I b

a nd

I a/b

p osition o f t he g reatest

S he

f urther

a nd d epth

C lasses

s ubdivided I ra

( a -b utt

a nd e nd,

t hese

Ib I

c lasses

a ccording

b -b lade

i nto

t o

t he

e nd a nd

a /b

-n ear s hafthole). S mith ( 1979) s uggested t hat t he p etrological l ink o f a xe h ammers a nd s hafthole a dzes w ith b attle a xes c ould b e i nterpreted a s

a n

i ndication t hat

t he t hree w ere

9

p roduced

c oncurrently,

t hat

i s

b etween a pproximately 1 650 b e a nd 1 250 b e ( c 1 850 B C a nd 1 450 B C). R oe ( 1966) h as d rawn a ttention t o t he h ammers t o t he e arlier b attle a xes.

t ypological

s imilarities

o f a xe

8 a xe h ammers f rom t he s tudy a rea ( Map M ). O f t he 7 C lass T here a re 4 I a a xe h ammers, o ne i s p lain ( 35),

3a re d ished ( 34,

3 7 a nd 3 8), 2 a re

p art p erforated ( 39 a nd 4 0) a nd o ne i s a f ragment ( 36). T here i s a m inimum o f 6o f C lass I b ( 41 a nd 4 2, w hich a re d ished, a nd 4 3 t o 4 6) a nd a f urther 5 w hich a re i rregular b ut c an b e c lassified a s l b ( 47 t o 5 1), t he l ast b eing d ished. T here a re 2 e xamples o f C lass I a/b ( 52 a nd 5 3), t he f ormer b eing i rregular. C lass h a a xe h ammers n umber e ight ( 54 t o 6 0 a nd 6 2),the f irst t hree b eing d ished , a nd t here a re 1 2 C lass l ib e xamples ( 61 a nd 6 3 t o 7 3). O f p articular i nterest i s t he o ne f rom B lythe M arsh ( 61) w ith i ts v ery l arge d iameter s hafthole, a nd t he f ragment f rom S wynnerton ( 75) h as a s imilar p erforation a nd m ay w ell b elong t o C lass I I. T he a xe h ammer f rom S winscoe ( 74) b elongs t o C lass I I, b ut t he b lade a nd b utt a re o f t he s ame d epth s o t hat i t i s n either C lass I Ia n or C lass I Ib. O f t he r emaining f ragments t hat f rom C urzon L odge, A ldwark ( 76) m ay b e a f ragment o f a n O void A m acehead r ather t han o f a n a xe h ammer, a nd t he o nes f rom B eeby ( 77) a nd S hacklow ( 78) a re d oubtful a s t o t heir n ature. T he l ost a xe h ammer f rom H amstall R idware ( 79) a nd t he e xamples f rom B aden H all a nd C lay C ross

( not

i llustrated) a re i ndeterminate.

T hirty-eight a xe h ammers h ave b een p etrologically e xamined

( Table

3 , p age 1 8). I t w ill b e n oted t hat, s imilar t o b attle a xes, G roups X II a nd

X IV

w ere

u sed

f or

t he

m anufacture

o f

a xe

h ammers

b ut

n ot

f or

p olished s tone a xes. T he o nly h ammer w hich h as a n a ssociation i s t he o ne f rom H itter H ill ( 36), a nd t hat i s l oose. I t w as f ound i n t he e xcavation o f a b arrow, i n c ist C , w ith a s mall f ragment o f p ottery w hich h as n ot s urvived a nd a n i nhumation, b eing a s econdary b urial. I n t he s ame b arrow w ere,inter a lia, t wo o ther i nhumation b urials e ach w ith f ood v essel

( 557 a nd 5 58).

MACEHEADS M aceheads

w ere

d efined

b y

R oe

( 1968)

a s

s tone

i mplements

w ith

s haftholes w hich d o n ot h ave a c utting e dge a nd w hich a re n ot n atural p ebbles t hat h ave b een m odified b y t he b oring o f a n h ourglass p erforation.

R oe

( 1968)

c lassified m aceheads i nto t hree m ain g roups

-C ushion, P estle a nd O void -a nd ( 1979) r eferred t o a d ifferent k ind o f m acehead w ith a c entral a nd m ore o r l ess s traight b ored s hafthole. I t i s b elieved t hat s tone m aceheads d eveloped f rom N eolithic a ntler 7 9 ( c3200 B C) f or o ne maceheads, a nd t here i s a C 14 d ate o f 2 461 b e f rom N orthton, I sle o f H arris. T here a re t wo C 14 d ates o f 2 070 b e 1 10 ( c2530 B C) a nd 1 881 b e

1 10

( c2150 B C) f or t he l ayer i n w hich w as

f ound t he f ragment o f a c ushion m acehead a t S kara B rae, O rkney. S mith ( 1979) p ostulated t hat s ome o void, p estle a nd c ushion m aces a re p robably e arlier t han b attle a xes, t hat t hey c ontinued i n u se a t t he s ame t ime a s S tage I /II b attle a xes, t hat m aceheads w ith c entrally p laced

s haftt ioles

a re

l ater

t han

t he

o ther

m aceheads s pan t he p eriod c 2000 b e t o 1 600 b e

1 0

v arieties,

a nd

t hat

( c2500 B C t o 1 800 B C).

T he n umber o f s tone m aceheads f rom t he a rea o f s tudy i s 1 8 ( Map N ). T he f ragment f rom S hacklow ( 80) m ay b e f rom a c ushion t ype b ut, a s o ne e nd i s m issing, i t c ould e qually w ell b e f rom a s hafthole a dze. T he f ragments f rom H anchurch H ills ( 81) a nd B rassington M oor ( 83) c ould b e f rom p roto-cushion o nes. T here a re 1 0 o void m aceheads, o f w hich t hat f rom C urzon L odge, A ldwark ( 82) a ppears t o b e O void A , a nd t hree a re c ertainly O void B ( 84 t o 8 6). T he o ne f rom C heddleton ( 87), t he f ront

e dge

o f

s hafthole a dze,

w hich

h as

a nd w ith

b een

s quared

o ff,

r egard t o t he

i s

e ither

O void

l atter p ossibility i t

B o r

a

s hould

b e c ompared w ith t he s hafthole a dze f rom E densor ( 106). A s t o O void C t here a re 3 e xamples ( 88,89 a nd 9 1); a nd 2 f ragments ( 90 a nd 9 2) a re o void, t here b eing i nsufficient r emaining t o j udge w hether t hey a re A , B o r C . T here a re 2 m aceheads w ith a c entral h ole o f t he B ushbarrow G roup, o ne f rom H art H ill M oor ( 93) a nd t he o ther f rom O ckbrook/South D erbyshire ( 94). T he t wo T hames p estle t ype m aceheads a re f rom S tanton M oor

( 95)

a nd C urzon L odge,

A ldwark

( 96),

t he

f ormer b eing c omplete

a nd t he l atter a f ragment. T he f ragment f rom M iddleton, C orn M ill B ridge ( 99) i s t oo s mall t o b e c lassified b ut i t p robably c omes f rom a n o void t ype. A lthough n ot m ade o f t he s ame m aterials a s a ny o f t he f oregoing, i t i s a ppropriate t o d raw a ttention t o t wo o ther m aceheads o f i mportance. T he a ntler m acehead f rom L iffs L ow ( 97) i s n ot p lain b ut h as l ozenge d ecoration c arved o n o ne e nd, a nd t he f lint m acehead f rom Q uarnford ( 98), w hich b elongs t o t he M aesmore G roup, i s a lso d ecorated w ith f inely w orked l ozenges o n o ne e nd. T his i s e vidence o f t he d evelopment o f, a t l east, t he M aesmore f aceted d ecoration f rom a ntler p rototypes.

G roup

o f m aceheads

w ith

E leven m aceheads h ave b een t he s ubject o f p etrological e xamination ( Table 4 , p age 1 8). O nly o ne m acehead h as a ny a ssociation, t he f ragment f rom M iddleton ( 103) h aving b een f ound w ith a n a mber b ead.

SHAFTROLE A DZES S hafthole a dzes w ere f irst n oticed b y C urwen ( 1928), a nd R oe ( 1979) s tated t hat t hey t end t o b e a bout t wice a s l ong a s t hey a re b road w ith a n h ourglass s hafthole i n o r n ear a c entral p osition a nd t hat

o ne o r

b oth e nds a re n arrowed t o f orm a b lade, a lthough t his n ever g ives t he i mpression o f b eing c apable o f c utting. T he d escription i s c lear, b ut i t a ppears t hat " adze" i s a t erm o f a rt i f t he b lade w as n ot c apable o f c utting a nd t he i nstrument h ad s ome o ther u nknown u se. T here a re t hree b asic t ypes, a lthough R oe i s d oubtful a s t o w hether t he t hird t ype s hould b e i ncluded i n t he c ategory o f s hafthole a dzes. T he f irst t ype h as a m ore o r l ess s ymmetrical o utline, t ypical i n s outhern E ngland; t he s econd t ype i s n arrower a t

o f t hose f ound o ne e nd a nd i s

r eferred t o a s " narrow b utt"; a nd t he t hird t ype i s d isc-like. S hafthole a dzes a re d ifficult t o d ate a s t hey g enerally l ack a ssociations. S mith ( 1979) h as s uggested t hat t he p etrological l ink b etween s hafthole a dzes a nd a xe h ammers o n t he o ne h and a nd b attle a xes o n t he o ther i ndicate f rom t he l atter t hat t hey d ate f rom a pproximately ( c1850 B C t o 1 450 B C).

1 650 b c t o

1 250 b c

Of t he 1 ? s hafthole a dzes f rom t he s tudy a rea ( Map 0 ), 2 b eing aving n arr9w b utts a re T ype s ymmetrical a re T ype 1 ( 100 a nd 1 01) a nd 4 h 2 ( 102 t o

1 05).

I t

s hould b e

n oted

1

t hat

t he

e xample

f rom N orton

l e

M oors ( 103) h as a n u nusual g roove o n o ne f ace a t t he b utt, a nd t hat t he o ne f rom A rbor L ow ( 105), a lthough c lassified b y M oore a nd C ummins ( 1974, 6 9) a s a p erforated a dze, m ay w ell b e am acehead o n a ccount o f i ts c ylindrical p erforation e xcept t hat t he d amaged e nds a re n ot e ntirely c onsistent w ith a m acehead. T he d amaged e xample f rom E densor ( 106) w ith i ts u nusual f ormation o f t he b lade i s T ype 1 o r 2 , a nd t he f ragments f rom P otters M arston ( 107) a nd W olverhampton ( 108) a re f rom iscoidal s hafthole s hafthole a dzes o f T ype 1 o r 2 . T here a re t wo T ype 3 d a dzes ( 109 a nd 1 10), a nd t he i mplement f rom T hurmaston ( 111) i s p robably o f T ype 3 . E leven o f t he t welve s hafthole a dzes h ave b een e xamined p etrologically ( Table 5 , p age 1 9). N one o f t he t he a rea o f s tudy h as a ny a ssociations.

s hafthole a dzes

f rom

P EBBLE I AMMERS P ebble h ammers a re n atural p ebbles w hich a re u nmodif ied e xcept f or t he b oring o f a s hafthole, t hey h ave a n i nfinite v ariety o f s hapes, a nd t here c an b e n o t rue t ypology. R oe ( 1979) s tated t hat t he p erforation i s a lways p laced c entrally a nd i s o f h ourglass p attern a nd t hat t he p ebble h ammer i s, o ften, b attered a t b oth e nds. S ome a re s o w ell n aturally s haped t hat i n p ractice i t i s d istinguish o ne f rom a m acehead o r s hafthole

s ometimes n ot e asy t o a dze. B y t heir n ature

p ebble h ammers a re d ifficult t o d ate, b ut i n B ritain s ome h ave M esolithic a nd o thers N eolithic a ssociations. D espite t his m any m useums t end t o d isplay p ebble h ammers a s b eing s olely M esolithic. S mith ( 1979) p ointed o ut t hat s ome p ebble h ammers m ay e ven b elong t o t he B ronze A ge a nd t hat t hey a re m ulti-period i mplements. T here

a re

4 2

p ebble

h ammers

( Map 0 )

f rom t he

s tudy

a rea

( 112 t o

1 51, 1 53 a nd o ne f rom A dmaston w hich i s n ot i llustrated). S ome o f t he p ebble h ammers a re l arge i rregular s tones a s i n t he c ase o f t hose f rom A nstey ( 113), C headle ( 120) a nd P enkridge ( 139) a nd m ay h ave s erved a d ifferent p urpose t o s ome o f t he w ell f ormed p ebbles w hich s uperficially r esemble b attle a xes a s i n t he c ase o f t he o ne f rom H ednesford ( 131) o r m aceheads a s t hose f rom O adby ( 137) a nd S winford ( 147). F our o f t he p ebble h ammers a re s mall a nd d isc-like a nd 1 53). I n

r elation

t o

t he

p ebble

h ammers

f rom B irchover

( 149 t o 1 51

( 115)

a nd B ath

S treet, L eicester ( 127) t he d iameter a t t he c entral p oint o f t he h ole i s e xtremely s mall i n p roportion t o t he s ize a nd w eight o f t he i mplement, w hich r aises q uestions a s t o t he m ethod o f h afting o r p ossibly i mplies t hat t hey w ere u nfinished. T hat f rom B elper ( 114) i s n otable f or i ts c ylindrical p erforation, f rom w hich i t c an b e d educed t hat i t w as L ate N eolithic o r E arly B ronze A ge. T hose f rom B each D rive, L eicester ( 132) a nd C old N orton F arm, S tone ( 144) a re p art p erforated. T wenty

o f

t he

p ebble

h ammers

h ave

b een

p etrologically

e xamined

( Table 6 , p age 1 9). T he h igh p roportion o f q uartzite r eflects t he g eneral p attern i n B ritain i n r espect o f p ebble h ammers. N one o f t he e xamples f rom t he s tudy a rea h as a ny a ssociations.

1 2

S UMMARY OF T HE P ETROLOGY O F STONE I MPLEMENTS A ND I NDICATORS O F P OSSIBLE ' TRADE' P ATTERNS. T he r esults o f p etrological e xamination o f s tone i mplements, b oth s tone a xes a nd p erforated s tone i mplements, f rom t he s tudy a rea a re s ummarised i n T able 7 , p age 1 9. T his s tatistical i nformation i s a n i ndicator

o f

p ossible

" trade"

p atterns

i n

b oth

t he

N eolithic

a nd

T ransitional P eriods a nd t he E arly B ronze A ge, e ven i f a llowance i s m ade f or g lacial e rratics, w hich i n c ertain i nstances s uch a s G roups I , V II, I X a nd X VI a re v irtually i mpossible. T he n ature o f t he " trade" i n s tone i mplements i s s peculative a nd i t i t w as t rade i n t he m odern s ense.

i s

d oubtful a s t o w hether

A c lear c ut p attern e merges i n t he c ase o f m ost g roups b etween t he N eolithic o n t he o ne h and a nd t he E arly B ronze A ge o n t he o ther, a lthough t here i s s ome d egree o f o verlap. T here a re 8 5 i mplements o f G roup V I a nd t hey a re e xclusively s tone a xes, f rom w hich i t i s r easonable t o s uppose t hat d uring t he N eolithic t here w as a c onsiderable " trade" d irectly o r i ndirectly b etween C umbria a nd t he M iddle a nd U pper T rent B asin i n s tone a xes o r b lanks. I t i s a lso i mportant t o n ote t hat t here a re 2 5 i mplements o f G roup X V f rom C umbria, o f w hich

o nly 5 a re

s tone a xes b ut

o f w hich 2 0 a re b attle a xes,

a xe

h ammers, s hafthole a dzes a nd p ebble h ammers. T his i ndicates a c ontinuation o f " trade" w ith C umbria t hrough t he T ransitional P eriod i nto t he E arly B ronze A ge. T here i s n o e xplanation a s t o w hy G roup V I s hould h ave b een s upplanted b y G roup X V i n r elation t o C umbrian s ources, b ut i t m ay b e t hat e ither G roup X V a re f ound m ore s uitable f or p erforated i mplements o r t here w as a c hange o f f ashion. T he 2 7 i mplements o f G roup V II a re a gain e xclusively s tone a xes a nd i ndicate " trade" w ith N orth W ales i n t he N eolithic P eriod. T he c omplete a bsence o f t his g -oup i n t he ' T ransitional P eriod a nd E arly B ronze A ge s uggests a c essation o f " trade" w ith N orth W ales, u nsuitability o f t he m aterial f or s hafthole i nstruments, c hange o f f ashion o r t he e mergence o f m ore c onvenient s ources o f r aw m aterial. T he e xtent o f N eolithic " trade" o ver l ong d istances i s d emonstrated b y t he 2 s tone a xes o f G roup I X f rom N orthern I reland, t he 3 s tone a xes o f G roup V III f rom D yfed, t he s ource o f b lue s tones o f P eriod I I o f S tonehenge, t he 1 i mplements o f G roup I f rom C ornwall, 1 0 o f w hich a re s tone a xes, a nd t he 3 i mplements o f G roup X VI a lso f rom C ornwall, a ll o f w hich a re s tone a xes. A s i n t he c ase o f N orth W ales, t his " trade" v irtually d isappeared w ith t he

o nset

o f t he T ransitional P eriod a nd t he E arly

B ronze A ge.

w as

D uring t he L ater N eolithic P eriod a n i mportant l ocal s ource o f s tone C harnwood F orest i n L eicestershire, t here b eing 2 0 e xamples o f

G roup X X o f w hich a ll, b ar t wo, a re s tone a xes. I t i s a r easonable a ssumption, h owever, t hat s tone f rom t his s ource w as n ot s atisfactory f or s tone a xes o r i t w ould n ot h ave b een n ecessary t o c ontinue t o i mport f rom e lsewhere. T he T ransitional P eriod a nd t he E arly B ronze A ge s aw t he e mergence o f n ew s ources o f s tone f or p erforated i mplements. T here a re 1 3 o f G roup X II f rom t he S hropshire -P owys b order a nd t hese a re e ntirely b attle a xes a nd a xe h ammers, a s a re t he 8 i mplements o f G roup X IV f rom a l ocal s ource a t N uneaton, W arwickshire. O f t he 1 o f G roup X VIII f rom t he W hin S ill i n N orth E ast E ngland, o nly 3 a re s tone a xes, t he r emainder b eing p erforated i mplements o ther t han p ebble h ammers. F urther, t he i tems f rom t he W hin S ill a re t hose o f t he

1 3

T ransitional g reatest

P eriod

a nd

E arly

d istance i n t hat

B ronze

A ge

t hat

h ave

t ravelled

t he

e ra.

M ISCELLANEOUS L ITHIC I TEMS A f airly

u ncommon

i tem

i s

t he

s tone m aul

f rom E arl

S hilton ( 152)

w ith o ne e nd p ointed a nd t he o ther r ounded a nd w ith a g roove a round i ts e ntire c ircumference a t t he median p oint w hich w as p resumably p rovided f or h afting w ith r ope. I t w as p ossibly a m iner's t ool, a nd E vans

( 1897)

r eferred t o l arge o val p ebbles a round t he m iddle o f w hich

a s hallow g roove h ad b een c hipped b eing f ound i n a ncient c opper m ines i n N orth W ales. T here i s a s omewhat s imilar i tem, a lso i n J ewry W all M useum,

L eicester,

w hich

C entral

S tation

L eicester,

I ndian

o rigin

i n

a nd

w as

a r ecent

f ound b ut

d uring w ork i t

i s

a t

b elieved

e thnographic

t he t o

i mportation.

s tone i mplement w ithout p erforation i s m oulded e nds f rom M onyash M oor ( 155).

t he

h ammer

f ormer G reat

b e

o f A merican

A nother

s tone

w ith

l arge w ell

T here a re f our s tone i mplements d escribed a s i mperforate w hetstones f rom

G alley

M inninglow

L ow

( 154),

( 158).

T he

L arks o ne

L ow

( 156),

n ot a ssociated w ith a f ood v essel s ame b arrow.

L ockington

f rom G alley L ow w as ( 574)

( 157)

f ound

a nd b elow

i n

a b arrow b ut

a nd o ther i tems

f ound i n t he

T hat f rom L arks L ow w as d iscovered i n ab arrow a ssociated

w ith a c ollared u rn ( 470) a nd a p ygmy c up ( 636) i n as ubsidiary c remation b urial.

T he

e xample

i n

a nd

c ontaining a f lat

1 954

f rom L ockington w as

( 735),

p ottery s herd,

t o 1 98,

2 33 a nd 2 34).

f ound

b ronze k nife

p ossibly b eaker

( 385)

i n a b arrow

d agger

( 717),

e xcavated b ronze a wl

a nd f lint a rtifacts ( 196

T he o ne f rom b elow M inningiow w as

f ound i n 1 851

o n r eopening a b arrow i n w hich h ad b een d iscovered a b eaker 1 843.

F urther,

t here

a re

f ive p erforated w hetstones

f rom

( 322)

i n

n ear A rbor

L ow ( 159), B irchover ( 160), B urton-upon-Trent ( 161), H ungry B entley ( 162) a nd W yken H all F arm ( 164), b ut n one o f t hese h as a ssociations a nd i n c onsequence t hey a re o f u ncertain p eriod. T he s tone i mplement d escribed a s a p estle/rubber f rom K enslow ( 165) w as a ssociated w ith a b attle a xe ( 21) a s d escribed e arlier. T he p ebble w ith a ' V'

n otch f rom F ox H ole C ave

( 163)

i s o f u ncertain p eriod o wing

t o t he d ifficulties o f e xcavation w hich p recluded t he s tratification o f m aterial r anging f rom t he U pper P alaeolithic o r M esolithic t o t he R omano-British

p eriod,

b ut

i t

p robably b elongs

t o a n

e arlier r ather

t han a l ater p eriod. Of s pecial i nterest i s t he " sponge f inger s tone" f rom W etton M ill Rock S helter ( 166), a nd i t h as b een s uggested t hat t his t ype o f s tone i mplement w as a l eatherworker's t ool o f l ate B eaker d ate.

P erforated s tone w rist

B eaker p eriod, f rom

a nd

t here

A ston-on-Trent

a re

g uards a re r ecognised a s t ypical o f t he t wo

( 167),which

e xamples w as

f rom t he

f ound

d uring

s tudy a rea. t he

T hat

e xcavation

o f

B arrow 1 d irectly a ssociated w ith a W essex/Middle R hine B eaker ( 315) a nd a f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead, h as f our p erforations. T he o ther Two

f rom E lk s tone

( Aleck)

b owls

L ow

h ave

( 168)

b een

h as s ix p erforations.

d iscovered,

o ne

f rom

C ossington S ite

2

( 169) a nd a nother f rom S tanton M oor ( 170). T he f ormer w as p art o f t he p rimary i nhumation b urial w hich i ncluded a f ood v essel ( 593), p ygmy c up ( 611) a nd f lint t ools ( 191 t o 1 93). T he l atter s tone b owl w as f ound i n a nd

Q uarry i t

w as

A l

i n

a n

c lose

u rn w hich w as

t o

a nother

u rn

c ompletely b roken ( 514)

1 4

w hich

a ri

c ontained

i s n ow l ost, a c remation

b urial a nd a p ygmy c up ( 618). T he s mooth s tone d isc w ith c ylindrical p erforation s lightly o ff-centre f rom S tanton M oor ( 171) i s a s tray f ind o f u ncertain a ntiquity.

F LINT T here a re v ast q uantities o f N eolithic a nd B ronze A ge f lint i mplements a nd

f lakes

f rom t he

a rea o f s tudy

i n n umerous m useums,

p articularly

f rom t he B ateman C ollection i n b oth t he B ritish M useum a nd S heffield C ity M useum , a nd t he c omprehensive c ataloguing a nd c onsideration o f f lint i s b eyond t he s cope o f t he p resent w ork. I n c onsequence, t he o nly f lint i mplements i ncluded a re t hose w hich a re o f s pecial i nterest a nd a s mall s election o f t hose w hich h ave a ssociations a nd a re t ypical o f t he s tudy p eriod. C halk, a nd t herefore f lint, i s n ot n ative t o t he s tudy a rea, a lthough f lint n odules d o o ccur i n b oulder c lay w hich i s w idespread. H owever, b lack c hert

i s f ound i n s crees n ear B akewell,

A shford a nd S heldon i n

D erbyshire ( Radley a nd M arshall 1 962). T he l arge q uantity o f f lint i mplements a nd f lakes f ound i n t he a rea m ay r eflect " imports" o f r aw m aterial, p ossibly f rom t he c halk l ands o f E ast A nglia, t he L incolnshire W olds o r t he Y orkshire W olds. T he l arge f lakes f rom A rbor L ow, o f w hich ( 172) i s a n e xample, f rom G rimes G raves i n N orfolk.

a re

s aid

t o

b e

s imilar

t o

f lint

T he p artly p olished f lint a xe f rom C auldon ( 173) i s t ypical o f N eolithic f lint a xes, b ut t hat f rom C liffe H all, S tanton-under Bardon ( 177), w hich i s w aisted, i s o f S eamer t ype a nd m ay b e a n i mitation o f b ronze t ypes w ith s played c utting e dges. T he t wo p artly p olished f lint a xes f rom L iffs L ow ( 174 a nd 1 75) a re o f w hitish f lint, p re ure f laked a nd p art 4 c ularly f ine a nd, b eing a pparentley u nused, t heir — Irpose m ay h ave b een c eremonial. T hey f orm p art o f a n i mportant g roup o i a rtifacts o f t he L ater N eolithic P eriod w hich w ere f ound i n a b arrow w ith a n i nhumation i n a c ist i ncluding a f lask p robably o f P eterborough w are ( 276), a n a ntler m acehead ( 97), t wo f lint a rrowheads, o ne b eing l eafs haped ( 247)and t he o ther b eing l ost, a f lint k nife ( 182) a nd a f lint d agger o r s pearhead ( 183). T ypical

o f h igh q uality

f lint

d aggers,

p robably

i m itating

b ronze

f orms, a re t hose f rom A rbor L ow ( 176), G reen L ow , A lsop M oor ( 178), N oseley ( 179) a nd N ether L ow ( 180). O f p articular i nterest i s t he o ne f rom c ist

G reen L ow , a ssociated

w hich w as r ecovered f rom a n i nhumation b urial i n a w ith a b eaker ( 324), f ive b arbed a nd t anged f lint

a rrowheads ( 227 t o 2 31), a f lint p lano-convex k nife ( 195) a nd a f lint s craper ( 219). T he f lint d agger f rom N oseley i s a lso b elieved t o h ave b een f ound w ith a b eaker ( 334). S ome 2 1

f lint p lano-convex k nives a re i llustrated

( 181

a nd

1 84 t o

2 03). M ost o f t hese h ave a ssociations, b ut t he f ollowing a re s ingled o ut a s e xamples -t hat f rom M ouse L ow ( 199) w as f ound w ith a p rimary i nhumation a nd a b eaker ( 332); t he o ne f rom S tanton M oor, B arrow 2 B ( 203) w as d iscovered w ith a c remation b urial a nd a c ollared u rn ( 481); t he t hree f rom C ossington,

S ite 2 ( 191

t o 1 93) w ere r ecovered f rom a

p rimary

a ccompanied

b y

i nhumation

p ygmy c up

b urial

a f ood

v essel

( 593)

a nd

a

( 611); a nd t he t hree f rom L ockington ( 196 t o 1 98) w ere w ith

ap rimary c remation b urial, a b ronze f lat k nife-dagger ( 717) a nd o ther

1 5

i tems. T hese a ssociations,

a s i n t he c ase o f t he f lint d aggers,

p lace

p iano-convex f lint k nives i n t he T ransitional P eriod/Early B ronze A ge. A mongst m iscellaneous b lades a re t he e xample f rom C alling L ow D ale ( 204)

w hich

w as

f ound

w ith

a P eterborough

w are

b owl

( 270)

a nd

t he

f ragment f rom R yestone G range ( 205) w hich w as a ssociated w ith a b eaker ( 363). M icroliths o r s emi-microliths w ere f ound d uring t he e xcavation o f A rbor L ow i n 1 901/02 ( 208 t o 2 10) a nd h ave b een d iscovered i n b arrows e lsewhere ( 211 t o 2 16). T he t hree f rom D ow L ow ( 211 t o 2 13) w ere r ecovered b utton ( 214)

f rom a n

w ith w as

' V'

i nhumation

p erforation

a ssociated w ith

a n

b urial

w ith a b eaker

( 9 ) 42),

a nd

t he

i nhumation

( 339)

e xample

b urial,

a nd a s hale

f rom

a f ood

G alley

v essel

L ow

( 57 ) 4)

a nd a b one p ommel ( 997). F lint s crapers a re c ommon i n t he s tudy a rea a nd f ive o f t hem a re i llustrated ( 217 t o 2 21). T he s craper f rom A rbor L ow ( 217) i s o f " button" t ype b ut h as n o a ssociations, b ut o thers h ave, f or e xample t hat f rom G reen L ow, A lsop M oor ( 219) w as f ound w ith a b eaker ( 324), a nd t he o ne f rom D ow L ow ( 218) w as a lso d iscovered w ith a b eaker

( 339).

F lint

b arbed

i llustrated T ransitional

a nd

( 222

t anged

t o

P eriod

a rrowheads

2 43). a nd

T his

a re

t ype

c ontinued

p rolific,

w as

i nto

t he

a nd

i ntroduced E arly

s ome 2 2 a re d uring

Bronze

A ge

t he a nd

p robably l ater. T hose f rom G reen L ow, A lsop M oor ( 227 t o 2 31) a nd M ouse L ow

( 235 t o 2 38)

w ere

f ound w ith b eakers

nd 3 32 r espectively), ( 32 )4 a

t he t wo f rom L ockington ( 233 a nd 2 34) w ith a b ronze f lat k nife-dagger ( 717), a nd t he o ne f rom S tanton Moor, B arrow 1 7C ( 239) w ith a c remation b urial a nd a n u rn

( 656).

L eaf-shaped a rrowheads a re g enerally e arlier t han b arbed a nd t anged o nes, a nd f ive a re s hown ( 24 ) 4 t o 2 48), t he o ne f rom L iffs L ow ( 247) b eing a ssociated w ith t wo f lint

a xes,

t he f lask o f P eterborough w are

a nd o ther i tems p reviously r eferred t o. O ther t ypes o f f lint a rrowheads a re a t ransverse o r p etit t ranchet d erivative o ne f rom A rbor L ow ( 2) 49), a h ollow b ased

o r

p etit

t anged l eaf-shaped o ne t ransverse e xample w ith t he

l ast

b eing

p erforation

t ranchet f rom l ong

a ssociated

d erived

o ne

f rom B ee

L ow

( 250),

W etton M ill R ock S helter ( 251) s ingle b arb f rom H ungry B entley w ith

a n

u rn

a nd

j et

b uttons

a

a nd a ( 252),

w ith

' V'

( 9) 45 a nd 9 46).

I t i s a pparent t hat t he u se o f f lint c ontinued i n t he a rea o f s tudy w ell i nto t he B ronze A ge, p robably b ecause o f t he r arity a nd e xpense o f b ronze c ompared w ith f lint.

1 6

T ABLE

1

P etrology o f Polished S tone A xes L eics

D erbys

S taffs

( parts)

W .

M ids

T otal

& W arwicks ( parts)

G roup I V I

1 2 0

1

1 0

4

8 5

5

1

2 7

1

7

1 0

5 1

V II

3

V III

-

2

1

-

3

I X

1

-

1

-

2

X V

-

4

1

-

5

X VI

2

-

1

-

3

X VIII

1

2

-

-

3

X X

3

1

1

1 8

A ltered b asalt

-

1

-

-

.1

gabbo

-

-

1

-

1

A mphibolite

2

1

-

-

3

A ndesite

-

2

-

-

2

B asalt

-

1

-

-

1

C hert

-

1

-

-

1

D olerite

1

6

-

-

7

E pidiorite

1

7

2

-

G abbic

-

1

-

-

1

G ranophyre

-

2

-

-

2

G reenstone

1

-

1

-

2

G reywacke

-

1

-

-

1

G rit

-

-

1

-

1

greywacke

1

-

-

-

1

M icrodiorite

1

-

-

-

1

Q uartzite

1

1

-

-

2

S andstone

1

2

-

-

3

T uff

3

3

-

1 8

7

2 14

1 8

1 3

A ltered q uartz

1 0

L ithic

4 3

1 2

2 9

1 35

1 7

T ABLE 2 P etrology o f B attle A xes X II

X IV

X V

X VIII

O thers

-

2

1

-

3

3

-

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

1

P eter

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

L oose Howe

-

1

-

1

1

2

1

r )

3

3

3

X II

X IV

X V

X VIII

C lass l a

-

-

2

I b

-

1

4

1

3

-

2

-

-

2

-

-

2

1

2

-

1

E arly I ntermediate Calais W old W ilsford H erd H owe

2

C odford S t

D eveloped I ndeterminate

,

1

1 0

T ABLE 3 P etrology o f A xe H ammers

I a/b

1

O ther

2

3

3

3 1

3

1

-

8

5

1 2

I

X VII

C ushion a nd p roto-cushion

-

-

-

2

O void C entral h ole

-

1

1

4

-

-

-

2

1

-

-

-

1

1

1

8

Ia I Ib I I ndeterminate

3

1 0

T ABLE 4 P etrology o f M aceheads O ther

( Bushbarrow

G roup) T hames p estle

X X

,

1 8

T ABLE 5 P etrology o f S hafthole A dzes X V T ype

1 2

X VIII

1

1

2 2

3 ,

1

7

3

2

_

3 I ndeterminate

O ther

3

1 4

T ABLE 6 P etrology o f P ebble H ammers

2

O ther

Q uartzite

X X

X V

7

1 0

1

T ABLE 7 S ummary o f P etrology

o f S tone I mplements ,

G roup

S tone

B attle

a xes

a xes

A xe

M ace-

S haft-

h ammers

h eads

h ole

P ebble

T otal

h ammers

a dzes

,

I

1 0

-

-

1

-

-

1

V I V II V III

8 5

-

-

-

-

-

8 5

2 7

-

-

-

-

-

2 7

-

8

-

-

-

2

-

5

-

-

-

1 3 8

-

3 1

2

2 5

1

-

1

1

-

8

7

I X

3

X II

2 -

X IV

-

X V

5

X VI

3

X VIII

5

3 3 3

1 2

3

X X

3 1 8

U ngrouped

5 8

1 0

1 0

2 14

4 I 2

3 8

-

-

1

1 9

1

1

3

3 2 0

1 7

1 10

2 0

3 18

CHAPTER 3 t ery P ot

P ottery f rom t he f ollowing p ages

a rea

i n t he

o f

s tudy

o rder

i s

d escribed a nd

o f N eolithic,

d iscussed

b eakers,

u rns

i n t he

o ther t han

b arrel a nd b ucket u rns, f ood v essels, p ygmy c ups, a nd b arrel a nd b ucket u rns.

NEOLITHIC P OTTERY P iggott s equence

( 1954)

w as

p ropounded

t he

p roduct

t hat

f irst

t he

o f

B ritish

N eolithic

a W indmill

H ill

p ottery

c ulture

a nd

s ubsequently o f S econdary N eolithic c ultures w ith p ottery t raditions o f a lien o rigins. H owever, i n t he F orward t o t he r eprint i n 1 970 h e a bandoned h is e arlier v iew a s a r esult o f t he w ork p rincipally o f I .F. S mith. H e t hen s tated t hat t he B ritish N eolithic p ottery s equence w as a c ontinuously

e volving

o f S econdary N eolithic

i nsular c ultures

d ifficulties w ith r egard r eviewed b y S mith ( 1974).

t o

p henomenon a nd i n B ritain,

g rooved

w are.

r ejected

a lthough h e N eolithic

t he

c oncept

r eferred t o p ottery

w as

E ARLIER N EOLITHIC P OTTERY P lain,

r ound-based

b aggy

p ots

w ith

o r

w ithout

l ugs

a re

w idely

d istributed a nd t ypical o f t he E arlier N eolithic i n B ritain, b ut t here a re s everal r egional v ariations. T he e arliest N eolithic p ottery o n t he b asis o f C 14 d ating i s t he G rimston/Lyles H ill s eries, a nd i t i s t he m ost w idely d istributed, I sles. T yrone,

C 14

h aving b een f ound f rom a ll o ver t he B ritish

d ates r ange f rom 3 795 + 9 0 b c

N orthern I reland

D itchingham,

N orfolk.

t o 2 217

+ 7 8

b e

( c4580 B C) ( c2950 B C)

a t B allynagilly, a t B room H eath,

E vidence o f a ssociation w ith b eakers a t

C owlam

B B L VII, Y orkshire ( Newbigin 1 937, 2 05) a nd E ast F innercy a nd L oanhead o f D aviot, b oth i n G rampian R egion, S cotland ( Henshall 1 972, V ol 2 , 1 71)

i ndicates a l ong s urvival o f t his s eries.

Decorated,

r ound

b ased

p ottery

a ppeared

i n

W essex

a nd

p robably b efore 3 230 b c ( c4080 B C). T here a re s everal v ariations, o f w hich A bingdon w are i s a n e xample. C 14 d ates

e astwards r egional f or t his

p ottery a t A bingdon r ange f rom 3 110 ± 1 30 b e ( c4190 -3910 B C) t o 2 500 ± 1 45 ( c3380 -3 250 B C). A nother r egional v ariation i s M ildenhall w are. S mith ( 1974) p ointed o ut t hat m any o f t he u ndecorated a nd d ecorated s tyles o f e arlier N eolithic p ottery a re c ontemporary o r o verlap a s d emonstrated i n h er T he

n umber

o f

f igure

s ites

a t

1 7. w hich

E arlier

N eolithic

p ottery

h as b een

f ound i s f ew ( Map P ). E xamples o f t he G rimston/Lyles H ill s eries h ave b een f ound a t A ston-on-Trent W illington ( not i llustrated).

( 259 a nd 2 60), T he s herds ( 260)

A stonhill ( 261) a nd f rom A ston-on-Trent,

w hich b elong t o ac lassic u ndecorated, c arinated b owl, w ere f ound b elow t he l evel o f Barrow 1 i n a s ealed h earth w ith a C 14 d ate o f 2 750 + 1 50 b c ( c3520 B C). F ifty-five s herds o f o ther u ndecorated, c arinated b owls w ere a lso r ecovered f rom t he g round s urface b elow t he b arrow, o r w hich ( 259) i s a n e xample. T he r im s herd f rom A stonhill ( 261) w as a s tray

2 0

f ind a nd i s f rom a b owl w ith w ide mouth o f G rimston t ype. S ome t wentyo ne s herds o f G rimston w are w ere r ecovered s ettlement a t W illington i n 1 970/72. A p lain r im s herd material

o f

N eolithic G reen L ow b locks t he

t he

( 262)

f rom

t he

l ate N eolithic

f ound i n t he f orecourt b elow t he b locking

c hambered

t omb

a t

G reen

L ow,

A ldwark,

i s

E arlier

a nd p robably o f G rimston t ype. Two o ther r im s herds f rom ( 263 a nd 2 64), t he f ormer r ecovered f rom b etween t he s tone

o f t he w estern

c airn

m aterial,

e nd

a re

o f t he

f acade

N eolithic

a nd

a nd t he

p robably

l atter f rom a mongst e arlier

r ather

t han

l ater. T he r im s herds f rom W igber L ow ( 265) a re d ecorated o n t he o utside w ith b road v ertical f luting, o n t he i nside w ith s hallow v ertical f luting a nd o n t he r im w ith r adial s trokes. T hey c an b e c ompared w ith t wo M ildenhall t ype b owls f rom Hurst F en, M ildenhall, S uffolk ( Clarke 1 960, P 51 a nd P 54). L ATER NEOLITHIC P OTTERY N ew t ypes o f p ottery b egan t o b e d eveloped i n B ritain i n a bout 2 750 b c ( c3500 B C), a nd i n England s outh o f t he R iver T ees a nd i n W ales a s ignificant i nnovation w as P eterborough w are. W ith r egard t o E bbsfleet b owls t here a re C 14 d ates o f 2 710 + 1 50 b c

( c3500 -3400 B C)

f rom t he

- 1 50 b c ( c3400 B C) f rom W indmill H ill, t ype s ite i n K ent a nd o f 2 580 4 W iltshire. Mortlake b owls a re b elieved t o d ate f rom t he c lose o f t he

t hird m illenium b c ( c2500 B C) o r l ater, a nd f or t he F engate s tyle t here i s a C 14 d ate o f 1 640 + 1 30 ( c1825 B C) f rom L etchworth, H ertfordshire, w here F engate a nd B eaker p ottery w ere a ssociated. F or g rooved w are, w hich h ad a w ide d istribution i n B ritain, 1 05

b c

( c2950 -2 600 B C)

C 14 d ates r ange f rom 2 180 ±

a t S tonehenge t o

1 523

7 2 b c

4 -

( c1700 B C)

a t

D urrington W alls, W iltshire. T he p art c ontemporaneity o f P eterborough a nd g rooved w ares a nd o f b eakers i s s hown b y S mith ( 1974, f ig 1 7). T here L ater

i s

a s ubstantial

N eolithic

P eterborough

w are

C alling L ow Dale ( 276), M elbourne

p ottery h ave ( 270), ( 282),

i ncrease h as

b een

i n

b een

t he

n umber

f ound

d iscovered

a t

( Map

o f 0 ).

A stonhill

s ites

a t

w hich

E xamples ( 266

t o

o f

2 69),

F ox H ole C ave ( 271 t o 2 75 a nd 2 77), L iffs L ow S tenson ( 278 t o 2 81) a nd p robably R ains C ave

( 283 a nd 2 84). A ll

t he

f ragments

f rom A stonhill,

w ere

s urface

f inds.

M ay

( 1971)

d escribed ( 266) a s h aving a r im f orm r esembling a M ortlake w are d erived v essel,

( 269)

t raits,

( 267)

j ar

( 268)

a nd

a s

c omparable

w ith

W indmill

H ill

w are

w ith

E bbsfleet

a s p robably p art o f a n o verhanging r im o f aF engate w are a s

r esembling

F engate

w are

o r

c ollared

u rn.

T he

b owl

f rom C alling L ow D ale ( 270), w hich i s M ortlake w are, w as f ound i n a e ist c ontaining a t l east f our i nhumation b urials, f ragments o f f lint a nd c hert, a f lint b lade ( 204) a nd s herds o f a nother P eterborough b owl. I t i s s imilar t o o ne f rom W est K ennet L ong B arrow, W iltshire, 1 962,

( Piggott

3 7, f ig 1 1, P 9).

Of t he s ix e xamples f rom F ox H ole C ave,

( 271)

a nd ( 272) w ith m aggot

d ecoration a nd ( 273) w ith f inger n ail i mpressions were f ound i n 1 92 8 /2 9 a t t he e ntrance; a nd ( 274) d ecorated w ith h alf-moon i mpressions, w ith a b road g roove a nd j ab i mpressions w ere f ound i nside ( in Bramwell 1 971,

i mprints t he c ave

( 275)

a nd ( 277) w ith w edge-shaped b etween 1 961 a nd 1 970. M anby

1 3) s uggested t hat t hese s herds w ere c onnected w ith

t he Mortlake s tyle a nd n ot t he E bbsfleet o r F engate s tyles. T he v essel f rom L iffs

L ow

( 276)

w hich

r esembles

2 1

a f lask

i s

e nigmatic,

b ut

f rom

i ts r ounded b ottom a nd i ts t wisted c ord a nd s tab d ecoration i t i s p robably P eterborough w are. I t w as f ound i n a c ist w ith a n i nhumation b urial,

t wo

f lint

a xes

( 174

a nd

1 75),

a n

a ntler

m acehead

b oar t usks ( 1002), t hree p ieces o f r ed o chre a rrowheads a nd f our o ther f lint i mplements. T he b owl f rom M elbourne

i n

t he

i tems

f orms

d ecoration f rom

c asual

a nd

t hat

w ith

i ts

S tenson

h earth

( 278

6 7)

t wo

f lint

s uggested t hat i ts s hape w as s imilar

a s trong b eaker i nfluence w as f illed

t o

a ssociated

t wo

( 282) w as d iscovered i n a p rehistoric p it.

L ongworth ( in C ourtney 1 976, t o E bbsfleet

( 97),

( 1003),

2 81)

w ith

t riangles

w ere

f ound

b eaker

a nd i n

i ndicated

l ozenges.

w hat

f ragments,

T he

s eemed

b urnt

f our

t o b e

w ood,

a

h eat

f ractured p ebbles,

a f ew f lint s craps a nd a l ittle b urnt b one. T he r im

s herd

M ill

f rom

W etton

R ock

S helter

( 307)

m ay

b e

f rom

a b owl

o f

P eterborough w are ( Longworth i n K elly 1 976, 6 2). T he s ubstantial s herds o f t wo d ecorated v essels f rom R ains C ave ( 283 a nd 2 84), w hich a re a pparently l ost, a ppear f rom t he d rawings t o b e P eterborough w are a nd p robably Mortlake s tyle. G rooved w are h as

b een

r ecovered

f rom a t

l east

t hree

a nd p ossibly

s even l ocations ( Map Q ). T he s ingle s herd f rom E lton C ommon ( 285) w as f ound d uring f ield w alking, a nd t he t hree f ragments f rom G reen L ow, A ldwark

( 286

t o

c hambered t omb.

2 88)

w ere

d iscovered

i n

t he

c airn

m aterial

o f

t he

T he m ost i mportant f ind i s t hat m ade a t W illington i n

L ate N eolithic S ettlement 1 , w hich w as e xcavated i n 1 970/72, a nd o f t he l arge n umber o f g rooved w are s herds s even a re i llustrated. ( 289), w hich

i s

D urrington

W alls

w ith c ordon a nd p endant o verall

h eavy

s tyle,

s tripes,

f inger n ail

i s

p art

i mpressions;

a lso D urrington W alls s tyle,

o f a b arrel-shaped

v essel

a n a pplied a rc a bove t he c ordon a nd a nd

( 290 a nd

2 91),

a re d ecorated w ith v ertical

w hich a re

s tripes a nd

w ere f ound i n t he s ame p it g roup a s ( 289) a nd t he t wo b ase s herds ( 292 a nd 2 93). T he s herds o f t wo o ther v essels ( 294 a nd 2 95) w hich a re d ecorated w ith h orizontal g rooves a re C lacton s tyle a nd w ere f ound a t d ifferent

f eatures.

AN eolithic s herd r ecovered f rom t he e ntrance t o F ox Hole C ave ( 297) a nd a r im s herd f rom t he i nterior ( 296) a ppear t o b e g rooved w are, a nd t he s herd f rom R owter R ocks, B irchover ( 298) w ith i ts h eavy g rooves m ay b e. I t h as b een s uggested b y M anby, a ccording t o a n ote i n J ewry W all M useum, L eicester, t hat t he r im s herd f rom T hurmaston ( 402) m ay n ot b e f rom a b eaker b ut g rooved w are. w are h as b een r ecovered a re s everal s herds w hich a ppear t o b e

I t

i s u nderstood t hat g rooved

f rom N eolithic s ite N o.1

a t A leck L ow.

T here

o f N eolithic p ottery w hich a re i ndeterminate b ut l ater r ather t han e arlier. T he t hree s herds f rom

S warkestone ( 299 t o 3 01) w ere r ecovered f rom a B eaker o ccupation l evel b elow B arrow 4 ;

a nd t he f ive s herds f rom H arborough C ave

( 302 t o 3 06)

a nd o ne f rom W etton M ill R ock S helter ( 307) h ave n o c lear a ssociations. T he

f ragment

f rom

E lder

e ntrance t o F ox H ole C ave ( 309)

a nd a s herd

B ush

C ave,

( 310),

f rom S hacklow

W etton

( 308),

a s herd

f rom

t he

t he t wo p lain s herds f rom R ains C ave ( 311)

m ay b e N eolithic.

T RANSITIONAL A ND B RONZE A GE P OTTERY O n t he b asis o f b oth a ssociations a nd C 14 d ating b eakers, u rns, c ordoned u rns, u se, a nd o verlapped,

c ollared

e nlarged f ood v essels a nd f ood v essels w ere i n i n t he E arly B ronze A ge ( Burgess 1 974, 1 76 a nd

2 2

f igure 2 5). H e p ointed o ut t hat b eakers a nd f ood v essels h ave s ometimes b een f ound i n t he s ame g rave a nd o n m any o ccasions u nder t he s ame m ound w ith a b eaker i n t he p rimary p osition, a nd h e s uggested t hat t he f ood v essel b urial w as n ot n ecessarily a s econdary o ne b ut a s atellite b urial, t he g ap b eing s ocial a nd n ot c hronological. H e a lso p ointed o ut t hat u rn b urials w ere i nserted i n m ounds c ontaining b eaker o r f ood v essel b urials o r p laced i n t heir o wn m ounds, a nd s uggested t hat t hose c oncerned a dopted.

w ith

u rn

b urials

w ere

n ot

f ussy

a s

t o

w hich

m ethod

w as

B EAKERS B ritish b eakers w ere c lassified a ccording t o s hape b y T hurnham ( 1871) a nd A bercromby ( 1912); a nd C ase ( 1956) i n c onsidering b eakers f rom t he O xford r egion c lassified t hem b y t ype o f d ecoration i n a ddition t o s hape. P iggott ( 1963) f urther r eviewed B ritish b eakers. C larke ( 1970) p ropounded a s ystem o f c lassification b ased o n s hape, d ecoration a nd t he p resence o r a bsence o f C ontinental p arallels. T his s ystem c omprises f ifteen m ain b eaker g roups, s even a llegedly f rom m ajor m igrations o f B eaker p eople i n t wo w aves f rom t he C ontinent ( first -AOC a nd E ; s econdly -W /MR, N /MR, N /NR, B W a nd N 1/D) a nd e ight r epresenting l ocal d evelopments ( E.Ang, N 2, N 3, N 4, S i, S 2, S 3 a nd S 4). L anting a nd v an d er W aals ( 1972) d isputed o n t he b asis t hat h e h ad g iven w eighted v alues o f s hape a nd s tyle o f d ecoration, t hat c ertain d id n ot p osses a ny g eographical c entre

C larke's c lassification t o m otifs a t t he e xpense o f h is g roups o f b eakers o f g ravity, t hat h is

c lassification t ended t o • d isregard t he p ossibility o f m utual i nfluencing o f s eparate t raditions, a nd t hat h is C ontinental p arallels w ere e ither u nconvincing o r e ntirely h ypothetical. L anting a nd v an d er W aals t reated B ritish b eakers o n t he b asis o f f our s eparate f ocal a reas a nd s ought t o t race t heir d evelopment t hrough s even s teps i n e ach o f t he f ocal a reas, a lthough o nly i n t he c ase o f W essex w ere a ll s even s teps r epresented. T hey c oncluded t hat t here w as a s ingle i nitial w ave o f B eaker p eople f rom t he C ontinent w ho b rought A OC b eakers a nd t hat t here w ere s ubsequent l ocal d evelopments t hrough s uccessive s teps, b ut t hey a dmitted t hat b eaker g roups t o d evelopment. C ase

( 1977)

t here m ust h ave b een c ontacts w ith C ontinental a ccount f or s ome o f t he s ubsequent B ritish

d ivided

B ritish

b eakers

i nto E arly,

M iddle

a nd

L ate

s tyles a nd s uggested t hat i n t he E arly p hase ( c3000 B C t o 2 500 B C) t he i ntroduction o f A OC b eakers c ould b e a ttributed e ither t o f ashion o r s ettlers o riginating i n t he L ower R hine B asin. H e p roposed t hat h is M iddle p hase ( c2500 B C t o 2 000 B C) m ay h ave b een i nitiated b y s ettlers f rom t he C ontinent b ut t hereafter d eveloped b y e xchanges b etween s tatic c ommunities, b oth i n B ritain a nd a broad, a nd t hat i t w as m arked b y a n i ncrease i n m ixed f arming a nd t he i ntroduction o f m etal w orking. H e p ostulated t hat h is L ate p hase ( c2000 B C o nwards) w as i n e ssence a c ontinuation o f t he M iddle p hase i n B ritain a fter t he B eaker c ulture h ad c eased o n t he C ontinent. A s am atter o f c onvenience C larke's c lassification h as b een a dopted s olely

f or

o ccupation

t he

p urpose

o f

s ites

r ange

f rom

B allynagilly,

T yrone,

i dentification. 2 100

4 .

5 0

N orthern I reland,

2 3

b e

C 14

d ates

( c2760

t hrough

1 850

f or

- 2540 4 .

1 50 b e

B eaker B C)

a t

( c2090

B C) a t M ildenhall, S uffolk, t o 1 460 + 1 31 b c ( c1645 B C) a t M ount P leasant, D orset. C omplete a nd f ragmentary b eakers f rom t he a rea t otal 3 ( Map R ). a t l east 9 T he e arliest

f orms t o r each t he s tudy a rea w ere t he A ll O ver C ord

( AOC) a nd E uropean B ell ( E) b eaker t ypes, p robably a bout 2 500 B C. T here a re t wo A OC e xamples,

o ne f rom B ee L ow ( 312) a nd t he o ther f rom W etton

M ill R ock S helter ( 313). A lthough t his t ype i s f ound a ll o ver B ritain, i n E ngland i t

i s c oncentrated s outh o f t he R iver T hames a nd n orth o f

t he R iver H umber a nd i s r are i n t he M idlands. I n c onsequence t hese t wo e xamples a re o f s ome s ignificance a s i ndicators o f p robable m ovement o f e ither p eople o r i deas f rom t he E ast C oast w estwards,

p ossibly f rom

t he H umber. T he o ne f rom B ee L ow ( 312) w as f ound i n C ist 1 b elow t he s urface o f ar ound c airn w ith s keletal r emains o f a t l east s ix p ersons, a nd t here a re i ndications t hat t he e xample r ecovered f rom W etton M ill R ock S helter

( 313)

f ormed p art

o f a d isturbed i nhumation b urial.

T he o nly c omplete E t ype b eaker i s t he u ndecorated o ne f rom G laston S andpit

( 314),

b ut

R usden L ow ( 348),

t here

a re

f ragments

o f

c omb

d ecorated

o nes

f rom

C alling L ow ( 349) a nd I lam T ops L ow ( 350). E b eakers

a re w idespread i n Britain, b ut i n E ngland t hey a re f ound mostly s outhe ast o f a l ine f rom t he Bristol C hannel t o t he H umber a nd i n Y nrkshire. r 4 e xamples I n c onsequence t he 3 o p enetration f rom t he e astwards. T he b eaker f rom G laston S andpit f ragment

f rom t he a rea m ay a gain

( 314) h as n o a ssociations,

i ndicate

b ut t he

f rom C alling L ow ( 349) w as f ound a t t he c entre o f t he s econd

b arrow w ith

f ragments o f a nother b eaker,

p ossibly S 2 t ype

( 359),

a nd

p ieces o f t wo u nburnt s keletons w hich h ad b een d isturbed b y as ubsequent i nhumation b urial.

T he f ragment f rom R usden L ow ( 348)

i s o ne o f e ight

f rom t he s ame b eaker w hich w ere r ecovered f rom a r ock c ut g rave b elow t he b arrow c ontaining, i n a ddition t o a n i nhumation b urial a nd t he d isturbed r emains o f a nother, f ragments o f t wo o ther b eakers, o ne o f N /NR t ype ( 351) a nd t he o ther p ossibly o f S 2 t ype

( 358).

T he f ragments

f rom I lam T ops L ow ( 350) w ere d iscovered i n ac ist c ontaining a p rimary i nhumation b urial, t he f ragments o f a nother v essel, a b ronze a wl ( 734) a nd t he p artly c alcined b ones o f a n o x, t he b ottom o f t he c ist h aving a 5 c m l ayer o f c harcoal. T here a re s ix e xamples o f t he W essex/Middle R hine t ype f rom A ston-on-Trent Barrow 1 ( 315 a nd 3 16), ( 317),

( W/MR): t wo

o ne f rom G laston S andpit

t wo f rom Smeeton W esterby ( 318 a nd 3 19) a nd a nother f rom S toke-

o n-Trent, Normacot S andpit ( 320). A lthough W /MR b eakers a re w idely d istributed i n B ritain, m ost o f t hem a re f ound s outh-east o f a l ine f rom t he B ristol C hannel t o t he W ash a nd a re c oncentrated i n p articular i n W essex a nd t he U pper T hames V alley. T he s ix i n t he a rea m ay i ndicate p enetration o f p eople o r i deas f rom t he s outh-east. O f t hose f rom A ston 1 ,

( 315)

w as

p art

o f t he

p rimary

b urial

a nd a ssociated w ith a s tone

w rist g uard ( 167) a nd a f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead, a nd ( 316) w as p art o f a s econdary b urial f ollowing e nlargement o f t he b arrow. T he two f rom Smeeton W esterby w ere f ound w ith i nhumation b urials, b eing a ssociated w ith a b ronze a wl

( 732).

( 318)

T hose f rom G laston S andpit

a nd Normacot S andpit h ave n o a ssociations. T he N orthern B ritish/Middle R hine t ype ( N/MR) i s r epresented b y t he b eaker

f rom L illington/Meriden

( 321),

w hich h as

n o

a ssociations.

I t

i s u ncertain, o wing t o ap ossible m ix u p o f a cquisition n umbers, w hether

2 1 4

i t

i s f rom M eriden i nside t he a rea o r f rom L illington,

W arwickshire,

w hich i s o utside. T his t ype i s w idely d istributed n orth o f t he T hames a nd e xtends i nto W ales a nd S cotland, b ut b eakers o f t his g roup a re c omparatively s carce t hroughout B ritain. T he Northern B ritish/North R hine t ype ( N/NR) i s p ossibly r epresented b y

a f ragment

f rom

i nhumation b urial.

R usden

L ow

T his g roup

( 351)

w hich

i s w idely

w as

a ssociated

d istributed n orth

w ith

a n

o f a l ine

f rom t he B ristol C hannel t o t he W ash b ut i s m ostly f ound n ear t he E ast C oast,

t he m ain

a nd W ear.

c oncentrations

T here a re v ery

o f t he Barbed W ire

( BW)

b eing

i n N orth Y orkshire

f ew e xamples

f rom t he M idlands.

a nd

i n T yne

N o e xamples

o r E ast A nglian ( E.Ang), t ype h ave b een f ound

i n t he s tudy a rea, b ut t hey a re g enerally l imited t o E ast A nglia, T hames V alley a nd t he K ent a nd S ussex c oasts. T he P rimary N orthern B ritish/Dutch t ype

( N1/D)

t he

a nd i ts s ubsequent

d evelopments a re e ither a bsent o r b arely r epresented i n t he a rea. T here i s n o e xample o f t he N 1/D g roup, b ut t his t ype i s r are, n ot f ound s outh o f L incolnshire a nd l argely c onfined t o t he E ast C oast. However, t hree o r f our e xamples o f t he D eveloped N orthern B ritish t ype ( N2) h ave b een r ecovered:

t he

b eaker

f rom n ear M inninglow

( 322)

a nd

f ragments

f rom

B ee L ow ( 352 a nd 3 53) a nd K enslow ( 354). N 2 b eakers a re w idely d istributed f rom D orset a nd S ussex i n t he s outh t o t he Moray F irth i n t he n orth, t he m ain c oncentrations b eing o n t he N orth S ea c oast t he H umber t o t he M oray F irth.

f rom

T he b eaker f rom a s mall b arrow n ear M inninglow ( 322) w as a ssociated w ith a n i nhumation b urial, a b ronze a wl a nd a f lint s pear o r a rrowhead, b ut

a q uantity

o f c alcined b ones w ere

i n

c lose p roximity.

A s t o B ee

L ow, t hree s herds ( 352) w ere d iscovered i n 1 843 w ith a p rimary c remation b urial a nd p art o f n b one p in, a nd s ix s herds ( 353) w ere f ound d uring t he r e-excavation o f h e b arrow i n 1 966/68. M arsden(1970, 2 05) b elieved t hat

a ll

f rom

K enslow

t hese

f ragments

( 354),

b elonged

r ecovered

o n

t o

t he

s ame

r eopening

b eaker.

t he

h ave b een a ssociated w ith a n i nhumation b urial, o rnaments

( 990),

b one p oints a nd

f lint

T he

b arrow

i n

f ragment 1 848,

m ay

c rescent-shaped b one

i mplements.

T he L ate N orthern

B ritish t ype ( N3) h as a s imilar d istribution p attern t o t hat o f N 2 b eakers e xcept t hat t here a re e ven f ewer s outh o f t he R iver H umber. N evertheless, t here i s o ne e xample f rom M eriden/Lillington ( 323), w hich h as n o a ssociations. No F inal N orthern t ype ( N4) b eaker h as b een f ound, t his t ype b eing v irtually c onfined t o t he n orth-east c oast o f S cotland. I n marked S outhern

c ontrast

B ritish t ype

t o t he p aucity ( Si)

a nd

i ts

o f Northern

s ubsequent

t ypes,

t he P rimary

d evelopments

a re w ell

r epresented. T here a re s ix o r s even S i

b eakers -c ertainly t hose f rom

G reen

F ield,

L ow,

A lsop

Moor

M owbray/Leicestershire

( 324), ( 326),

H addon

R ocester

B akewell

( 327),

( 325),

R amscroft

M elton F ield,

S tanshope ( 328 a nd 3 29), a nd p ossibly t he f ragment f rom G laston S andpit ( 356). Beakers o f t his g roup a re d istributed e ast o f a l ine f rom t he B ristol C hannel t o t he R iver T ees, p articular c oncentrations b eing i n W essex,

t he

v alley

o f

t he

B edfordshire

O use,

t he

P eak

D istrict

a nd

Y orkshire. Four o f t hese S i b eakers h ave a ssociations. T hat f rom G reen L ow ( 324) was f ound i n a c ist w ith a n i nhumation b urial, a p iece o f i ron o re , a f lint d agger ( 178), t hree b arbed a nd t anged f lint a rrowheads ( 227

t o

2 29),

e ight

f lint

i mplements

2 5

i ncluding a p iano-convex

k nife

( 195),

a b one p in

( 964),

a nd t hree b one i mplements

( 970 t o 9 72).

T he

o ne f rom H addon F ield ( 325) w as i n ab arrow w ith a n i nhumation b urial, a f lint a rrowhead,

a n i mplement

o f d eerhorn

( 1009)

a nd a b ronze a wl.

A t R amscroft F ield t hree b eakers w ere d iscovered w hen t he b arrow w as o pened, b ut i t i s n ot c lear f rom B ateman ( 1861, 1 58-160) a s t o w hich o f t he t hree a re

( 328)

i nhumation b urials, c hild

a bove

w ith

a nd

o ne

( 329).

I n a c ircular g rave t here w ere t wo

o f a y oung

a b eaker,

a nd

p erson

a bove

b elow

t hese

a nd

a gain

t he

o ther

a f urther

o f

a

b eaker,

p robably ( 340) r eferred t o l ater, a nd a f lint a rrowhead. A n a djoining c ircular g rave a lso c ontained a n i nhumation b urial o f a c hild w ith a b eaker a nd a f lint

s pearhead.

T he D eveloped S outhern B ritish t ype ( S2) i s r epresented b y e leven o r t welve e xamples -t hose f rom B ee L ow ( 331 a nd 3 55), C astern ( 330), M ouse L ow ( 332), N orth K ilworth ( 333), N osely ( 334) R usden L ow ( 335), S liper L ow ( 336), S merrill Moor ( 337), t he f ragments f rom C rackendale P asture C alling

( 357) a nd R usden L ow ( 358) L ow ( 359). Beakers o f t his

a nd p ossibly t he f ragments f rom g roup a re d istributed w idely i n

B ritain f rom C ornwall a nd S ussex i n t he s outh t o T ayside i n S cotland. A ll b ut

o ne o f t he S 2 b eakers h ave a ssociations.

O ne

f rom B ee L ow

( 331) w as f ound i n 1 851, w hen t he b arrow w as r eopened, i n a n i rregular r ock c ut t he

g rave w ith a n

o ther

f ragments

i nhumation b urial

( 355)

w ere

a nd a f lint

r ecovered

w hen

t he

i mplement, b arrow

w as

a nd r e-

1 966/68 a nd w hen i t w as s hown t hat t he o riginal b urial

e xcavated i n

h as b een d isturbed b y a s ubsequent i nhumation b urial; a nd t he o ne f rom C astern

( 330)

w as d iscovered i n a r ock c ut g rave b elow a b arrow w ith

a p rimary i nhumation b urial a nd a f lint i mplement. T he e xample f rom Mouse L ow ( 332) w as r ecovered b elow t he b arrow f rom a c ist c ontaining a p rimary

i nhumation

i mplements

( 981

a nd

b urial, 9 82),

t here b eing

a f lint

i nside t he b eaker

p iano-convex

k nife

t wo b one

( 199)

a nd

t wo

f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowheads, a nd t here b eing t wo m ore a rrowheads o utside t he b eaker, ( 235 t o 2 38). T he f lint k nife ( 179) f rom Nosely w as p robably f ound w ith t he b eaker ( 334);

a nd t he b eaker f rom R usden L ow ( 335), w hich c ontained a b roken

f lint i mplement, w as r ecovered f rom a n i nhumation b urial i n a r ock g rave b elow t he b arrow, a nd t he f ragment ( 358) a lso f rom R usden L ow w as f ound w ith f ragments o f t wo o ther b eakers

( 348 a nd 3 51)

t ogether

w ith b ones w hich h ad b een c ollected a nd p laced o n o ne s ide. T he e xample f rom S liper L ow ( 336) i nhumation

b urial

w as r etrieved f rom a c ist

b elow

t he

b arrow,

a nd

t he

c ontaining a p rimary

o ne

f rom Smerrill

M oor

( 337) w as d iscovered w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial i n a c ist b elow t he s econd b arrow t ogether w ith a b one i mplement ( 973) a nd s ix f lint i mplements.

O n t he

o pening

o f t he b arrow a t

C rackendale P asture t he

d isturbed r emains o f a t l east t hree a dults a nd a c hild, p ieces o f b urnt b one,

t he b eaker

w ere f ound

a t

f ragments

t he

c entre;

( 357)

a nd a n i mplement

a nd t he b eaker

o f s taghorn

f ragments

f rom

( 1007)

C alling L ow

( 359) w ere r ecovered f rom t he s econd b arrow w ith t he d isturbed r emains o f t wo i nhumation b urials a nd t he s herd o f a n E b eaker T here a re

f our o r

( 349).

f ive e xamples o f t he L ate S outhern B ritish t ype

( S3) -t hose f rom n ear Dow L ow ( 339), K nipton ( 338), R amscroft F ield, S tanshope

( 340),

T op L ow

( 341)

a nd p ossibly t he f ragments

f rom T hree

L ows ( 360). T his t ype i s w idely d istributed f rom C ornwall a nd S ussex i n t he s outh t o t he F irth o f F orth. T he b eaker f rom D ow L ow ( 339) w as f ound w ith a n

i nhumation

b urial

i n a r ock c ut

2 6

c ist

b elow t he b arrow

t ogether w ith a c onical j et b utton w ith ' V' p erforation ( 942) a nd t wo f lint i mplements, p ossibly t wo o f ( 211 t o 2 13 a nd 2 18). T he o ne f rom K nipton ( 338) w as d iscovered i mmediately a bove a b ronze p enannular b racelet ( 742), a nd t hat f rom T op L ow ( 341) w as r ecovered f rom a n i nhumation b urial i n a r ock c ut g rave b elow a b arrow c ontaining m any b urials. T he b eaker f rom S tanshope ( 340) r aises d ifficulties a s t o a ssociations o wing t o t he l ack o f c larity i n t he d escription o f t he e xcavation ( Bateman 1 861, 1 60) b ut i t i s p robably t he " remains o f a nother e legant d rinking c up, o rnamented w ith a c hevrony p attern" c ontaining a f lint a rrowhead f ound a bove t wo i nhumation b urials. T he F inal S outhern B ritish t ype ( S4)

i s r epresented b y o ne e xample

f rom B ee L ow ( 342) w hich w as r ecovered f rom a n i nhumation b urial w hen t he b arrow w as r e-excavated. T his t ype i s d istributed w idely f rom D orset A s

t o t he M oray F irth b ut c hiefly o n t he e astern s ide o f B ritain. t o

m iscellaneous

t ypes,

t here

a re

s ix

r usticated

o r

f inger

p inched b eakers -those f rom H arston ( 343) a nd S hacklow ( 344) a nd t he f ragments f rom R ystone G range ( 363), b elow S warkestone B arrow 4 ( 362 a nd 3 64)

a nd W etton M ill R ock S helter ( 361).

h as n o a ssociations, a nd t he o ne p ronounced h orizontal c orrugations, a ssociations.

T he

f ragment

T hat f rom H arston

( 343)

f rom S hacklow ( 344), w hich h as i s f rom a b arrow b ut h as n o o ther

f rom R yestone G range

( 363)

w as

r ecovered

f rom a b arrow b ut o therwise h as n o a ssociations, a nd t he f ragments f rom Swarkestone B arrow 4 ( 362 a nd 3 64) w ere f ound i n t he B eaker o ccupation l evel b eneath t he o ld g round s urface s ealed b y t he b arrow . T he s herd f rom W etton M ill R ock S helter ( 361) h as n o c lear a ssociations. T here a re a lso f our b eakers d ecorated w ith f inger n ail i mpressions -t hat f rom S taker H ill ( 345) a nd t he f ragments f rom I lam M oor ( 365), S tenson ( 367) a nd S warkestone ( 366). T he o ne f rom S taker H ill ( 345) w as f ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n a r ock c ut g rave b elow t he b arrow t ogether w ith p art o f ab ronze e ar-ring ( 744), a nd t he f ragment f rom I lam M oor ( 365) w as p robably r ecovered f rom t he l arge b arrow i n 1 845. T he s herd f rom S tenson ( 367) w as u ncovered w ith f ragments o f o ther b eakers a nd o f c oarse p ottery i n w hat i s b elieved t o h ave b een a c asual h earth, a nd t he f ragment f rom S warkestone ( 366) w as l ocated i n t he B eaker o ccupation l evel b elow B arrow 4 . O f s pecial i nterest i s t he v essel f rom A leck ( Elk) L ow ( 347) w ith i ts h ollow b ase, w hich i s d escribed b y C larke ( 1970, 4 78) a s a h ybrid b eaker a nd b y M anby ( 1957, 1 8) a s a f ood v essel. I t w as a ssociated w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n a b arrow. T he b eaker f rom M ill P ot C ave, W etton ( 346), w hich i s d ecorated w ith v ertical a nd h orizontal f urrows a nd

h as

a w avy

r im ,

w as

c ompared

i n

R yder,

L ongworth

a nd

G unstone

( 1971) a s t o s hape w ith a p ot b eaker b ut i t w as n oted t hat i t w as n ot r usticated. O wing t o t he p roblems o f e xcavation o f t he c ave t here i s n o r ecord o f a ny a ssociations. T here a re f ragments o f a t

l east t hirty-eight b eakers w hich a re o f

i ndeterminate t ype ( 368 t o 4 05). T he f ragments f rom F ox H ole C ave ( 372) w ere b elieved b y M anby ( in B ramwell 1 971, 1 5-16) t o b e o f N /NR o r N 1/D t ype. T he L eicestershire M useum S ervice T hurmaston ( 402) t o b e p robably S 2 t ype,

b elieves t he f ragment f rom b ut M anby i n a n ote i n t he

M useum r egarded i t a s p robably g rooved w are. S ome t wenty-five o f t hese f ragments h ave a ssociations. T he s herd f rom D eep D ale ( 368) w as r ecovered

f rom a b arrow c ontaining a d isturbed

2 7

i nhumation b urial,

a

b racelet M oor

o f l ead w ire

( 369

t o

3 71)

a nd

w ere

s ome

f ound

f lints,

w ith

a nd t he

e ither

f ragments

o r b oth

f rom E lton

o f t wo

i nhumation

b urials i n t he b arrow. Of t he f ragments f rom F ox H ole C ave, ( 376) w as t t he e ntrance w ith f ragments o f P eterborough w are, f ound i n 1 92 8 /2 9 a a nd ( 372 t o 3 75) w ere r ecovered b etween 1 961 a nd 1 970 f rom t he i nterior o f

t he

c ave

a nd

a ppear

w are

h earths,

t he r eport

b ut

a nd

t o

P eterborough

h ave

g rooved

b een w are,

i s n ot

a ssociated w ith

s hreds

b one

i mplements

c lear.

a nd

T he

f lint

f ragments

T he

f ragment

a nother),

f rom L ockington

b urial,

f our

( 385)

p iano-convex

a nd

f rom G reen L ow,

A ldwark ( 377 t o 3 81) w ere m ixed w ith g rooved w are s herds m aterial.

c remation

o f b oth

i n t he c airn

w as a ssociated w ith a p rimary f lint

k nives

a b arbed a nd t anged f lint a rrowhead

( 196

t o

1 98

( 233 o r 2 34),

a nd

a b ronze

k nife-dagger ( 717) a nd a b ronze a wl ( 735). I t h as b een s uggested t hat i t i s a b eaker f ragment, b ut i t i s s o s mall t hat i dentification i s d ifficult,

a nd P osnansky

f ood v essel

o r u rn

( 1955

o n a ccount

( 1))

d escribed

o f i ts

i t

a s a f ragment

t hickness.

T he

o f a

s herds f rom O ne

A sh ( 384) w ere a ssociated e ither w ith a c remation b urial f ound i n 1 818 o r

a n

i nhumation b urial

f rom S tenson c asual

( 392 t o

h earth.

T hat

f ound

i n

3 95)

w ere

f rom

S toop

d irectly a ssociated w ith,

1 844

i n t he

r ecovered ( 396)

s ame b arrow ;

f rom w hat

w as

f ound

a nd t hose

a ppeared

c lose

t o b e

t o, but

a

n ot

a n i nhumation b urial w hich w as a ccompanied

b y a b ronze d agger ( 702) i n a n atural r ock g rave b elow t he b arrow. 397 t o 4 00) a re f rom t he F inally, a ll t he f ragments f rom Swarkestone ( B eaker o ccupation l evel b eneath B arrow 4 . I n a ddition t o t he f ragments o f t hirty-eight i ndeterminate b eakers r eferred t o, f ragments o f a c onsiderable n umber o f b eakers w ere r ecovered f rom t he L ate N eolithic S ettlements 1 a nd 2 a t W illington i n 1 970/72. T he

a ssociations

o f

b eakers

f rom

t he

a rea

o f

s tudy,

e xcluding

, p age 3 8. I t w ill b e s een t hat W illington, a re s ummarised i n T able 8 w ith o nly o ne o r t wo e xceptions, t hose f ound w ith b urials w ere i nhumations. s ites,

F urther,

f rom w hich

i t

t welve b eakers w ere a ssociated w ith o ccupation c an b e

d educed t hat

b eakers h ad

a d omestic u se

a nd w ere n ot s olely f unerary. T he w ide s pread o f b ronze f inds o ver t he t ypes o f b eaker t ends t o s how t hat c opper a nd b ronze w ere i n u se, a lbeit i n l imited q uantities, t hroughout t he c urrency o f b eakers w ith t he p ossible e xception o f t he e arliest t ype, A OC. T he f igures f or f lint i llustrate t he c ontinuing u se o f f lint f or a rrowheads a nd t ools.

U RNS A bercromby

( 1912)

s ub-types,

b ut t hese a re n ot e ntirely i n a ccord w ith c urrent b eliefs.

c lassified u rns i n s even m ain t ypes a nd a n umber of

C OLLARED U RNS L ongworth

( 1961)

s ought

t o

d emonstrate

t he

d evelopment

o f

t he

c ollared u rn f rom t he P eterborough t radition, i n p articular t he F engate s tyle, a nd t o a ssess t he c ontributions m ade b y n on-Peterborough t raditions. H e i solated e ight t raits, f ive f ormal a nd t hree d ecorative, d isplaying c ontinuity f rom t he P eterborough t radition, d efined h is Primary S eries o f c ollared u rns a s t hose p ossessing two o r m ore of t hese t raits a nd s uggested t hat t hose c ollared u rns c arrying m ore o f t hese

t raits

p ropounded

t he

w ere v iew

e arlier t hat

t han

w hile

t he

2 8

t hose

c arrying

m ain

f ormative

l ess.

L ongworth

i nfluence

i n

t he

P rimary

S eries

o f

c ollared

u rns

s temmed

f rom

t he

P eterborough

t radition, t he g eneral a doption o f s mall f lat b ase a nd t he a ttendant b ody f orm m ight i mply a n a bsorbtion o f B eaker c eramic u sages i n p arallel w ith a n a bsorbtion b y t he F engate s tyle o f t hose s ame u sages. B urgess a nd V arndell ( 1979) e xpressed t he o pinion t hat, w ith t he g rowing n umber o f s cientific b arrow e xcavations a nd t he i ncreased a vailability o f C 14 d ates f or c ollared u rns, t here a re m ajor p roblems i n L ongworth's c hronological c onclusions. T hey i nstanced t he d eposit o f c ollared u rns i n t wo s uccessive p hases a t B edd B ranwen c emetery m ound a t A nglesey, w here i n b oth p hases p rimary a nd s econdary v essels w ere i nterred r oughly c ontemporaneously, a nd t hey p ointed o ut t hat t here a re C 14 d ates f or S econdary S eries c ollared u rns s ometimes c enturies e arlier t han t hose f or P rimary S eries e xamples. B urgess a nd V arndell c oncentrated o n p ots a ssociations, s ought t o a rrange

w ith e ither C 14 d ates o r a s ample o f t hirty-five o f

d atable t hem i n

c hronological o rder o f E arly, M iddle a nd L ate a nd t hen l ooked a t t he t ypological i mplications. E arly c ollared u rns w ere r elated b y B urgess t o t he F argo p hase o f h is O verton p eriod, c 1700 -1600 b e ( c2000 -1800 B C), M iddle t o t he B ush B arrow p hase ( Wessex I ) o f h is O verton p eriod, c 1600 -1450 b e ( c1800 -1650 B C), a nd L ate t o h is B edd B ranwen p eriod ( Wessex I I), c 1450 - 1250 b c ( c1650 - 1400 B C). I n v iew , o f t he c omparative s mallness o f t he s ample, t he s uggested c lassification o f B urgess a nd V arndell,

a lthough o f p otential i mportance,

h as n ot b een

a dopted f or t he p urpose o f t his w ork.

b e

T he e arliest C 14 d ate f or a c ollared u rn a ppears t o b e 1 770 + 1 30 ( c1980 B C) a t D evil's R ing, B arrow C , B rightwell, S uffolk, a nd t he

l atest 1 292 + 9 0 b e ( c1490 B C) a t K irkhill, H epple, N orthumberland. I n B urgess a nd V arndell ( 1979,33) t he f ormer p ostulated t hat c ollared u rns w ere f irst

d eveloped i n c entral s outhern E ngland,

t hat t he i dea

s pread r apidly t o o ther L owland Z one c ommunities a nd t o W ales, b ut t hat i t s pread t o S cotland, I reland a nd a reas w here f ood v essel t raditions w ere s trongly e ntrenched, s uch a s t he P eak D istrict, Y orkshire a nd t he N orth-East o f E ngland, o nly l ate i n h is O verton p eriod o r t he e arly B edd B ranwen p eriod. T here a re a t l east 1 02 c ollared u rns ( Map U ), o f w hich s ome 3 3 b elong t o L ongworth's P rimary S eries. O f t he P rimary S eries, 1 6 w ere f ound a t l ocations o ther t han S tanton M oor ( 406 t o 4 21) a nd 1 7 w ere r ecovered f rom S tanton M oor ( 422 t o 4 38). A m inimum o f 1 5 o f t he P rimary S eries w ere a ssociated w ith c remations, a nd i n t he c ase o f t he b alance t he m ethod o f b urial i s u nknown. O f i nterest w ith r egard t o a ssociations a re s ix a ssociated w ith p ygmy c ups -t hose f rom B lore ( 414) w ith ( 629), G reen

L ow

P lantation

( 409)

w ith

a h eavily

r estored

p ygmy

c up

( not

i llustrated), S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ( 425) w ith ( 622), S tanton M oor B arrow 2 1B ( 435) w ith ( 635) a nd f our f lint i mplements, S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1D ( 436) w ith ( 615) a nd ( 624), a nd S tanton M oor ( 422) w ith ( 613). T wo o f t he P rimary S eries h ave a ssociations w ith m etalwork, -t he o ne f rom M ootlow ( 413) w as a ssociated w ith a b ronze k nife-dagger ( 724), a nd t he u rn f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 3 B ( 429) w ith a b ronze " trunion" ( 748), a bronze awl ( 737), a nother p iece o f b ronze, a c ylindrical p iece o f s tone o r c lay ( 953) a nd f ive f lints. T he u rn f rom H arland E dge, B eeley Moor ( 406) w as d iscovered w ith t wo f lint i mplements ( 189 a nd 1 90),

a nd

t wo

u rns

f rom S tanton M oor B arrow

2 9

1 31

( 431

a nd 4 32)

w ere

a ssociated

w ith

a f lint

k nife

( not

i llustrated).

T he

v essel

f rom

G laston S andpit ( 408), a lthough i t h as n o a ssociations, i s o f s pecial i nterest a s A tkinson ( 1951, 2 4) r egarded i t a s a " Sheep D own" u rn w ith v estigial s topped g rooves s howing Y orkshire f ood v essel i nfluences. O f t he S econdary S eries,

3 5 w ere

f ound o therwise t han o n S tanton

M oor ( 439 t o 4 73) a nd 3 4 w ere d iscovered o n S tanton M oor ( 474 t o 5 07). A m inimum o f 3 5 o f t he c ollared u rns o f t he S econdary S eries w ere r ecovered f rom c remation b urials, a nd i n t he c ase o f t he r emainder t he m ethod o f b urial i s u ncertain o r u nknown. F our o f t hese c ollared u rns w ere a sscoiated w ith p ygmy c ups -t hat f rom L arks L ow ( 470) w ith ( 636) a nd i n a ddition a b ronze p in, a nimal t eeth a nd b ones a nd a p ebble; o ne f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ( 475) w ith ( 622); a nother f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ( 477) w ith ( 632); a nd t he u rn f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 1 3 J .1 ( 490) w ith ( 623) a nd a c lay t oggle ( 999). I n a ddition t o t he c ollared u rn f rom L arks L ow ( 470) a bove, t hree o r f our o thers h ave a ssociations

444) c ontained a b ronze k nifew ith m etalwork -t he u rn f rom B radley ( d agger ( 716); t he l arger c ollared u rn f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 3 A ( 483) c ontained n ot o nly a b ronze k nife-dagger ( 723) a nd a f lint b ut i n a ddition a s maller c ollared u rn ( 484); t he e xample f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 2 6 ( 506) w as p ossibly a ssociated w ith a b ronze p in; a nd t he o ne f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1A ( 500) w as f ound w ith a b ronze p in o r a wl ( 738). S even o ther c ollared u rns h ave a ssociations w ith f lint o r b one. T he o ne f rom B allidon M oor ( 440) w as f ound w ith a b one p in, a f ragment o f t hin p ottery a nd a f lint a rrowhead; t he e xample f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 2 B ( 481) w as d iscovered w ith a f lint k nife a nd a p ebble; a nother f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 2 D ( 482) w as w ith a f lint; t he u rn f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 3 E ( 486) w as c lose t o f our f lints; t he o ne f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 7 C ( 488) w as w ith f ive b urnt f lints; t hat f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 1 7A ( 493) w as a ssociated w ith a b urnt f lint s craper, f our p ieces o f f lint a nd a b one p in ( 955); a nd t he v essel f rom S tanton M oor 2 5D ( 499) w as r ecovered t ogether w ith f ragments o f a s egmented b one b ead. C ORDONED U RNS B urgess ( 1974, 1 78) p ointed o ut t hat c ordoned u rns a re g enerally f rom t he H ighland Z one. C 14 d ates r ange f rom 1 625 + 7 0 b e ( c1810 B C) a nd 1 315 t 8 0 b e ( c1510 B C) a t D ownpatrick, C ounty D own, N orthern I reland, t o 1 270 + 1 00 b e ( c1460 B C) a t G randtully, T ayside, S cotland. T here a re u p t o t en c ordoned u rns ( Map V ), a nd t he o ne f rom D arley D ale ( 508), w hich h as t wo p rominent c ordons, i s a c lassic e xample o f t he t ype. T here i s a s imilarity b etween t he u rn f rom C ocklow , L eek ( 510) a nd f ragments o f a nother o ne f rom t he L eek a rea ( 509) i n p articular, a nd t hey i n t urn h ave a r elationship t o o ne f rom W illington ( 511). A ll t hree h ave t wo c ordons a nd c ould b e c lassified a s c ordoned u rns. H owever, t he o ne f rom C ocklow ( 510) w as d escribed b y G unstone ( 1965, 4 3) a s ac ollared u rn, b ut i t h as s ome r esemblance t o a n e nlarged f ood v essel. T he u rns f rom H arby/Stathern ( 512) a nd S tanton M oor ( 514) h ave

a s ingle

c ordon b ut,

n evertheless,

t hey

r esemble

c ordoned u rns

m ore t han a ny o ther t ype o f v essel. T he f ragments o f t wo u rns f rom B eeley M oor T riple C airn ( 515 a nd 5 16), t he f ragments o f a n u rn f rom B eeley M oor, S tanton M oor

H arland E dge ( 517) a nd t he u pper p art ( 513) m ay w ell b e f rom c ordoned u rns.

3 0

o f

a n

u rn

f rom

O nly f our h ave a ny a ssociations. T he e xample f rom C ocklow ( 510) w as f ound w ith a c remation b urial; a nd o f t he t wo f rom B eeley M oor T riple C airn,

t he

o ne

f rom C airn

A l

( 515)

w as

p art

o f a p rimary

c remation

b urial i n ac ist a nd t he o ther f rom B urial 6 ( 516) w as p art o f as imilar b urial i n C airn B . ( 514) t he m ethod ( 618).

I n t he c ase o f t he c ordoned u rn f rom S tanton M oor

o f b urial

i s

u nknown,

b ut

i t

c ontained

a p ygmy c up

E NLARGED F OOD V ESSELS B urgess ( 1974,

1 78) a lso s uggested t hat e nlarged f ood v essels w ere

g enerally a H ighland Z one p henomenon. C 14 d ates r ange f rom 1 640 ± 9 0 b c ( c1825 B C) a t E arl's F arm D own, A rnesbury, W iltshire, t o 1 274 ± 8 1 ( c1460 B C) a t B edd B ranwen, L lanbabo, A nglesey. T he

n umber

o f e nlarged

f ood v essels

f rom t he

s tudy a rea

p robably

a mounts t o s ix ( Map W ). T he b est e xample i s t hat f rom N arrowdale H ill ( 518), w hich w as f ound w ith a s econdary c remation b urial a nd a f lint s pearhead. T he v essel f rom S tanton M oor ( 520), w hich m ight b e r egarded a s a c ollared u rn, w as w ith a c remation b urial i n ac ist a nd c ontained a b ronze k nife-dagger ( 721),

a b one p ommel ( 720),

a b one p in

( 956),

a

f ragment o f a nother b one p in ( 968) a nd t hree f lint s crapers. T he o ne f rom R yestone ( 519), w hich i s n ot c omplete a nd w hich m ay o r m ay n ot b e a n e nlarged f ood v essel, w as f ound w ith a c remation b urial. T he t wo v essels f rom M arket H arborough ( 521 a nd 5 22), w hich a re l ost, a ppear f rom t he i llustrations o f 1 798 t o b e e nlarged f ood v essels.

L ikewise,

t hat f rom R othley ( 523), w hich w as a ssociated w ith a c remation b urial, a ppears

f rom a t humbnail p encil

s ketch t o b e o ne

U RNS O F S PECIAL I NTEREST T here

a re

t hree

u rns

o f

s pecial

i nterest.

T he

u rn

f rom

M atlock

B ridge ( 524) i s am iniature b iconical u rn w hich f its i nto n o p articular c lassification. I t w as f ound i nside a l arger u rn c ontaining a c remation a nd l odged i n a c ist, a nd b ut f or i ts s ize c ould b e r egarded a s ap ygmy c up.

L ikewise a v essel f rom Doll T or D ( 525),

d iscovered w ith i nhumed

b ones, h as a r esemblance t o a s mall b iconical u rn. T he t hird u rn i s t he o ne f rom U pper H ulme ( 526), w hich w as f ound w ith a c remation b urial. L ongworth a nd G unstone ( 1968, w hich

s eemed

e arly

c ollared

s imilar

r epresent u rn,

m ixture

Y orkshire, f igure

t o

o f

o r

7 0-72)

p ossibly

i deas

o ccurs

a nd P ainsthorpe Wood

1 0.232,

a nd 2 84,

d escribed i t a s a s trange v essel

a n a malgam o f i deas

f igure

e ven i n 9 8,

d rawn

F engate

t he

v essels

Y orkshire

f rom b eaker a nd

w are,

t raditions.

f rom

F olkton

( Longworth

1 961,

A

L XX, 2 79,

1 2.250 r espectively).

I NDETERMINATE U RN F RAGMENTS T here a re f ragments o f s ome a re

i ndeterminate

B arrow 1 ( 527)

( 527

t o

1 3 B ronze A ge u rns t he t ypes o f w hich

5 39).

T he

b ase

s herd

f rom

A ston-on-Trent

i s p robably a c ollared u rn, t he f ragments o f t hree u rns

533 t o 5 35) were a ssociated w ith c remation f rom S tanton Moor B arrow 1 ( b urials,

a nd t he s herd f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 3 D ( 536) w as r ecovered

c lose t o a c remation

b urial.

T he

s herd o f a n u rn

f rom H arland E dge,

B eeley Moor ( 528) c learly s hows a c loth i mpression. M iss A . H enshall o f t he N ational M useum o f A ntiquities o f S cotland r eported t hat t he c loth w as

o f p lain w eave w ith

d irection a nd a bout b ut

a bout

8 t hreads p er c entimetre i n o ne

1 0 i n t he o ther a nd a ppeared t o b e

r egularly s pun a nd w oven.

3 1

f airly c oarse

S UMMARY O F A SSOCIATIONS O F U RNS T he a ssociations o f t he u rns f rom t he s tudy a rea a re s ummarised i n

, T able 9

p age 3 8.

W here

t he method

o f b urial

i s k nown

a ll

t he u rns,

w ith t he e xception o f ( 525) w hich m ay n ot b e a n u rn b ut a f ood v essel, a re

a ssociated

w ith

c remations,

a nd

t he

o nly

w ith p ygmy c ups a re c ollared u rns e xcept m ay n ot, h owever, b e a c ordoned u rn.

u rns

t o

b e

i n t he c ase o f

a ssociated

( 514),

w hich

FOOD VESSELS A bercromby

( 1912)

n umber o f s ub-types. h e b elieved v essels,

c lassified f ood v essels i n s ix m ain t ypes a nd a A pSimon ( 1959) i n e xamining t he p rinciples w hich

u nderlay t he

d ivided

t hem

d evelopment

i nto

f our

o f t he v arious

g roups

c lasses

-Y orkshire

v ases,

o f f ood S outhern

E nglish f ood v essels, I rish v ases, a nd I rish b owls. M anby ( 1957) o n t he b asis o f s ome 3 00 f ood v essels f rom D erbyshire, L incolnshire, S taffordshire a nd Y orkshire s uggested a m odified v ersion o f A bercromby's c lassification, b ut t his m odified s cheme a ppears t o b e o vercomplicated. p hases,

F or

s implicity,

Manby's

m ain

t ypes,

o mitting

h is

a re:

l a O ne r ow o f l ugs. l b T wo r ows o f l ugs i n s eparate g rooves. l c O ne r ow o f l ugs i n a g roove a nd a nother g roove w ithout 2 W ithout l ugs i n t he g rooves.

l ugs b elow.

2 a T hree g rooves b etween r im a nd s houlder.

3 W ith a b ody a nd n eck b ut n o s houlder g roove. 4

G lobular o r c ylindrical B urgess ( 1974,

w hich

c omprises

f orm.

1 84) p ut f orward a nother s cheme a s a n i nterim g uide,

-(a)

v ases,

w hich

a re

e ssentially E nglish,

i nto t wo g roups - ( i) b ipartite, a nd ( ii) t ripartite/ridged;

d ivided

( b) b owls,

w hich a re e ssentially I rish; ( c) s imple B ritish g lobular b owls; a nd ( d) b ucket-shaped v essels. T his c lassification w ith i ts r egional v ariations

d oes

n ot

s eem t o b e

a n

i mprovement

o n

t he p revious

o nes.

T he p roblem o f c lassification a rises p artly f rom t he t erm " food v essel" b eing u sed t o e mbrace a l arge n umber o f v arieties o f E arly B ronze A ge p ots,

m any

o f

w hich

d o

n ot

f it

p articularly

w ell

i nto

a ny

o f

t he

c ategories, s o t hat t he t erm o n o ccasions a cts i n e ffect a s a u seful r epository f or p ots w hich c annot b e s atisfactorily c lassified. S impson

( 1968)

c onsidered t he a ssociations a nd c hronology o f f ood

v essels. H e p ointed o ut t hat a t t he t ime h e w as w riting Y orkshire v ases h ad b een f ound a ssociated w ith s pace-plate n ecklaces o f j et,

s impler

n ecklaces o r t oken d eposits o f d isc b eads o f s hale o r j et, f lint p ianoc onvex k nives, t wo b ronze d aggers, o ne b ronze a xe, b ronze o r c opper a wls a nd c onical

' V'

p erforated b uttons.

H e c oncluded t hat t here w as

c ontemporaneity o f f ood v essels w ith a nd w ithout s tops, b oth p erforated a nd i mperforate, a nd t hat s imilar c ontemporaneity e xisted a mong t he v arious g roups

o f Y orkshire

v ases.

S impson

s uggested

t hat

t he

c halk

wolds o f N orth Y orkshire w ere t he p rimary a rea f or t he d evelopment o f t he Y orkshire v ase s eries, i nhumation b urials b eing d ominant, a nd o bserved t hat f urther t o t he n orth a nd w est t he p ercentage o f c remation b urials i ncreases

s ignificantly.

3 2

B urgess

( 197 )4 ,

1 82)

s uggested t hat

f ood v essels w ere e volved f rom

l ocal N eolithic c eramics b y n ative c ommunities r eacting t o B eaker i nfluences p revalent i n t heir a rea. I ncidentally, s ome w riters h ave u sed

t he

t hese

t erms

t erms

" Food

a re

V essel

b eing

C ulture"

i ncreasingly

a nd

" Food

a bandoned

V essel

w ith

p eople",

t he

g rowing

b ut v iew

t hat d ifferent p ottery t ypes w ere i n u se c ontemporaneously b y t he s ame p eople.

C 14 d ates f or f ood v essels r ange f rom 1 640 + 6 0 b e

( c1825 B C)

a t B allynagilly, T yrone, N orthern I reland, t hrough 1 490 ± 1 50 b e ( c1670 B C) B C) 7 2,

a t Harland E dge, B eeley M oor, D erbyshire, t o 1 324 + 5 1 b e ( c1520 a t Mount P leasant, D orset. F ood v essels f rom t he a rea t otal a bout ( Map W ). T here

a re

a t

l east

2 6

Y orkshire

v ases.

Of t hese 9 h ave a s ingle

g roove a nd l ugs a nd a re o f M anby's t ype l a ( 5) 40 t o 5 47 a nd 5 49). T he m ost o utstanding a re t he t win Y orkshire v ases f rom A qualate M ere ( 540) w hich a re f rom

o ne

j oined t o f orm a d ouble v essel w ith a n i nternal c onnection p art

t o

t he

g roove a nd s ix l ugs.

o ther

i n

t he

T he v essel

n eck,

e ach

p art

f rom H arland E dge,

h aving

a s ingle

B eeley M oor

( 543)

i s o f i mportance a s i t w as f ound i n P it 2 b elow a c airn a nd a ssociated w ith a nother Y orkshire v ase

( 551),

t hree p iano-convex k nives

( 186 t o

1 88), b urnt b ones a nd c harcoal g iving a C 14 d ate o f 1 490 ± 1 50 b c c 1670 BC). T he e xample f rom Hart H ill Moor ( 547) w as f ound w ith a nother f ood v essel

( 600).

W here t he m ethod o f b urial i s k nown f ive o f t hese

Y orkshire v ases o f M anby's t ype l a a re a ssociated w ith c remations ( 541 o r 5 42,

5 43 a nd 5 45 t o 5 47)

b ut n one i s a ssociated w ith i nhumations.

S eventeen o f t he Y orkshire v ases h ave t wo g rooves b ut n o l ugs a nd a re

o f

M anby's

t ype

2

a ssociations ( Table 1 0, a nd t ype

( 548

5 50

a nd

8) p age 3

t o

5 65).

O f

t hese,

1 3

h ave

8 having b een f ound w ith i nhumations

5w ith c remations. T urning t o b asic b ipartite v ases, o r M anby's 3 , there a re 1 8 e xamples ( 566 t o 5 83). O f t hese, h ave 1

a ssociations ( Table 1, p age 3 9), a nd w here t he m ethod o f b urial i s k nown 5 w ere d iscovered w ith i nhumations a nd a t l east 3w ith c remations. T here

a re

s ix,

p ossibly

s even,

g lobular

b owls,

M anby

t he

o f

l ost

( 58 ) 4 t o 5 89 and possibly 5 90).

I n

N orthwood

( 590)

F arm,

n ear

T rentham

c ase w hich

t he

w as

4 (i),

t ype v essel

d escribed

b y

f rom

J ewitt

( 1883, 1 6) a s a f ood v essel, i t i s u nclear f rom t he i llustration o f 1 883 a s t o i ts t ype b ut i t b ears s ome r esemblance t o a g lobular b owl. However,

o n o ne s ide

f eatures o f a b eaker.

o nly

i t

h as

a c onvex n eck a nd

i t

e xhibits

s ome

T here i s c ertainly o ne a nd p ossibly t wo b ucket-

ii). T hat f rom C rake L ow ( 591) i s c learly s haped v essels, M anby t ype 4 ( b ucket-shaped, b ut t he n ature o f t he l ost v essel f rom N orthwood F arm, n ear T rentham ( 592), w hich w as d escribed b y J ewitt ( 1883,15) a s a f ood v essel, i s f ar f rom c lear. O f t he g lobular ave a ssociations ( Table 1 2, v essels o nly 4 h m ethod o ne

o f b urial

i s k nown,

o ne w as

b owls a nd b ucket-shaped p age 3 9), a nd w here t he

r ecovered

f rom a n

i nhumation a nd

f rom a c remation. T here a re t welve f ood v essels o f s pecial i nterest.

T he v essel f rom

C ossington S ite 2 ( 593) h as f ive g rooves a nd r esembles B urgess's S outhern r idged v ases. I t w as f ound w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial, lint p iano-convex k nives ( 191 t o 1 93) a nd a s mall ap ygmy c up ( 611), 3 f s tone b owl ( 169). T he e xample f rom T hree L ows, W etton ( 594) i s b asically a t ripartite v essel a nd r esembles a S outhern r idged v ase, a nd i t i s p robably t he v essel w hich w as f ound i n a e ist b eside a n i nhumation b urial w ith c remated b ones i n c lose p roximity

3 3

( Bateman

1 848,

6 9 -7 0).

T he f ragment

f rom L id L ow

( 595)

i s

o f u ncertain t ype

b ut

i s

n otable

f or t he q uality o f i ts d ecoration a nd a ppears t o b elong t o a h eavily r idged f ood v essel.

T he

f ragments

f rom S tanton Moor B arrow 2 H

( 596),

w hich a re s omewhat s imilar, w ere s aid b y V .G.Childe i n H eatheote ( 1930) t o

s how S cottish

f eatures

a nd

b y

Manby

( 1957,

2 9)

t o

e xhibit

I rish

f eatures. T he ( 598)

t wo

f ood

h ave

v essels

p ierced

f rom

l ugs

b ut

w ith a n i nhumation b urial, h andle a nd b ut f or t he l ug T his h andle

s hould b e

R yestone

( 597)

n o g rooves.

T he

a nd

W etton

f ormer,

H ill

b arrow

w hich w as

f ound

h as o ne s urviving l ug r esembling a c up a pproximates t o a b asic b ipartite v ase.

c ompared w ith a s omewhat

s imilar

o ne

o n a c up

f rom W imborne S t. G iles G 4, Dorset ( Annable a nd S impson 1 964, No. 4 63). T he o ne f rom W etton H ill b arrow ( 598), w hich w as r ecovered f rom a n i nhumation b urial i n a c ist t ogether w ith f lints a nd a t ine o f s tag's h orn, H ill

h as f our l ugs r esembling c up h andles. ( 599),

w hich

p erforated,

i s

h as

t o a ll

a g rooved i ntents

T he e xample f rom G ratton

s houlder

w ith

a nd p urposes

l ugs

w hich

a re

l arge s ize a nd d eep r im s how s ome affinity w ith c ollared u rns. ( 1957,

2 9)

s uggested t hat

i t

n ot

a Y orkshire v ase b ut i ts M anby

e xhibited I rish f eatures.

T he v essels f rom Hart H ill Moor

( 600)

a nd Monyash Moor

( 601) h ave

n ot f lat b ut h ollow b ases. T he f ormer, w hich w as f ound w ith a C remation b urial a nd a nother f ood v essel ( 547), h as o ne p erforated l ug r emaining t hough n ot

s hown

v ase o f Manby's

i n

t he

t ype

i llustration

l a.

T he

a nd

e xample

i s

e ssentially

f rom M onyash Moor

a Y orkshire ( 601),

w hich

i s b asically a S outhern r idged t ripartite v ase, h as n ot o nly a h ollow b ut a s played b ase. T he f ood v essels f rom L angham ( 602) a nd M arket O verton ( 603) a re e ach d istinguished b y t he p resence o f f our f eet a s i n t he

c ase

o f t he

h andled

c up

f rom

W imborne

S t.

G iles

G 4,

D orset,

a lready r eferred t o. T he f ormer ( 602), w hich i s h eavily r idged a nd h as a d elicate

w ell

f ormed

a ppearance,

h as

a p assing

r esemblance

t o

a n

I rish -S cottish r idged b owl. T he l atter ( 603) i s am uch p lainer v essel w hich i n s hape f eet

r ecalls

a g lobular

b owl,

b ut

i n a ddition t o

i t h as f our l ugs i mmediately b elow t he r im.

i ts

f our

A s a lready m entioned

i n r elation t o b eakers, t he v essel f rom A leck ( Elk) L ow ( 347) w ith i ts h ollow b ase i s a h ybrid t ype a nd a ccompanied a n i nhumation b urial. F ragments

o f

a t

i ndeterminate h ave

l east b een

7

o ther

r ecovered

f ood

f rom t he

v essels

w hose

s tudy a rea

t ypes

( 604

a re

t o 6 10).

T he l ower p ortion o f af ood v essel f rom O ldbury B arrow ( 604) i s p robably f rom a b asic b ipartite v ase. T he

a ssociations

o f

f ood

v essels

f rom t he a rea a re

s ummarised

i n

9. I t i s s ignificant t hat w here t he m ethods o f b urial T able 1 3, p age 3 i s k nown t he f ood v essels a re a ssociated a pproximately e qually w ith i nhumation

a nd

c remation

p attern ( Simpson , f rom

t he

b urials,

a nd

t his

r eflects

t he

Y orkshire

1 968) o f a n i ncrease i n c remation b urials t he f urther

Y orkshire

W olds.

T here

i s

a v irtual

a bsence

o f

b ronze

a ssociations, t he o nly i nstance b eing a f ew s craps, a nd t his m ay b e a n i ndication o f l ower s ocial s tatus o f t hose w ho w ere b uried w ith f ood v essels c ompared w ith t hose b uried w ith b eakers o r u rns.

3 1 4

PYGMY C UPS T he p urpose o f p ygmy c ups i s p roblematical,

b ut t hey a re g enerally

f ound i n o r c lose t o u rns. T he e arliest C 14 d ate f or a p ygmy c up a ppears t o b e 1 360 ± 9 0 b c ( c1550 B C) a t W hitestanes M oor, D umfries a nd G alloway, S cotland, a nd t he l atest 1 274 -F . 8 1 b c ( c1460 B C) a t B edd B ranwen, L lanbabo, A nglesey. T here a re a t l east 2 7 e xamples o f p ygmy c ups ( Map V ) f rom t he a rea ( 611 t o 6 36 a nd o ne f rom G reen L ow P lantation). Of t hese, 1 5 h ave c ircular p erforations a nd 1 2 h ave n one, a nd 1 6 a re d ecorated a nd

1

a re p lain.

W ith r egard t o t he d ecorated p ygmy c ups, t he e xample f rom C ossington S ite

2

( 611)

h as

s even

p erforated

l ugs

a nd

r esembles

a m iniature

Y orkshire v ase. T wo c ups h ave h ollow d ecorated b ases -o ne f rom S tanton M oor ( 613) i s, e xcept f or i ts h ollow b ase, s imilar t o a p ygmy c up f rom W ilsford G 8, W iltshire ( Annable a nd S impson 1 964, N o. 1 79) a nd s imilar i n i ts wall d ecoration t o o ne f rom B oyton G 4 41); 4

a nd t he o ther f rom S tathern

( 612),

( a), W iltshire

w hich i s b iconial.

( ibid N o. F urther,

t wo p ygmy c ups h ave f lat d ecorated b ases -o ne f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ( 614)

w hich

i s

b iconical

( 615) w hich i s g lobular. d ecorated

r im,

W iltshire

( ibid N o.

i s

a nd a nother

f rom S tanton Moor B arrow 6 1D

T he e xample f rom T hrowley ( 616), w hich h as a

s imilar

i n

s hape

4 46).

T wo

c ups

t o

a c up

f rom W est

f rom S tanton

M oor

O verton

( 617

a nd

G 2, 6 18)

h ave c ut o ut t riangles a round t he n eck. Of t he o ther d ecorated e xamples, t hose f rom G len P arva

( 619),

L eicestershire ( 620), M ountsorrel

S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ( 622), M oor Barrow 6 1D

( 624)

M oor

s parse

( 625)

w ith

a re

S tanton M oor B arrow 1 3J

b iconical.

d ecoration

a nd t he o ne f rom P enkhull,

A nother

p ygmy

c up

f rom S tanton

r esembles a m iniature

S toke-on-Trent

( 626)

( 621),

( 623)and S tanton b arrel

u rn,

h as a n a ffinity w ith

f ood v essels o f M anby's t ype 3 . Of t he p lain p ygmy c ups,

t hat

f rom C rake L ow ( 627)

i s i n e ffect

a

m iniature g lobular f ood v essel a nd t he o ne f rom M ountsorrel ( 628) h as f our p erforated l ugs a nd r esembles a m iniature Y orkshire v ase. T he c ups

f rom B lore

B arrow 8 A

( 631)

( 629),

S tanton M oor B arrow 2 C

( 630)

a re b asically m iniature b arrel u rns,

a nd S tanton M oor a nd t he e xample

f rom G alley L ow ( 633) r esembles a m iniature b ucket u rn. T he p ygmy c ups f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ( 632) a nd S tanton M oor B arrow 3 1 ( 634) a re b iconical; t he o ne f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 2 1B ( 635) i s d istinguished b y i ts r ounded b ottom; a nd t hat f rom L arks L ow ( 636) h as a m arkedly i nturned r im. T he c up f rom G reen L ow P lantation h as b een s o h eavily r estored a nd i n s uch a q uestionable m anner t hat i t i s n ot i llustrated. E leven o f t he p ygmy c ups a ccompanied c remation b urials a s s hown i n T able 1 4, p age 4 0. T hree o f t he c ups a ccompanied i nhumation b urials. O f i mportance i s t he p ygmy c up f rom C ossington S ite 2 ( 611) w hich w as d iscovered w ith a f ood v essel

( 593),

3p iano-convex f lint k nives ( 191

t o 1 93) a nd a s mall s tone b owl ( 169). T he o ther t wo c ups f rom i nhumation b urials b ut w ith n o o ther a ssociations a re f rom C rake L ow ( 627) a nd G alley L ow ( 633). I n t he c ase o f s ix o ther p ygmy c ups w ith a ssociations, t he m ethods

o f

b urial

i s

e ither

u ncertain

o r

u nknown.

T he

G reen L ow P lantation w as f ound w ith a c ollared u rn ( 409); f rom S tanton Moor B arrow 2 1B

( 635)

w as w ith a c ollared u rn

f our f lint s crapers, t hat f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1

o ne

f rom

t he e xample ( 435)

a nd

( 617) w as i nside

a n u rn n ow l ost; t hose f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1D ( 615 a nd 6 24) w ere w ith a c ollared u rn ( 436); a nd a nother f rom S tanton Moor ( 618) w as i nside a c ordoned u rn

( 514).

3 5

I t i s c lear t hat w here t he method o f b urial i s k nown, t he m ajority o f p ygmy c ups a re a ssociated w ith c remations, a nd t hat w here t hey a re a ssociated w ith u rns, t hey a re a s l ikely t o b e n ear t he u rn a s i nside i t.

INDETERMINATE, P ROBABLE EARLY B RONZE A GE P OTTERY T here

a re

f ragments

o f

s ome

2 4

v essels

f rom

t he

a rea

w hich

i ndeterminate b ut w hich a re p robably E arly B ronze A ge ( Table 1 5,

a re p age

) 4 0).

BARREL A ND BUCKET U RNS F ormerly t he Deverel-Rimbury " Culture" w ith i ts d istinctive p ottery t ypes o f b arrel

u rns,

b ucket

u rns a nd g lobular u rns w as

b elieved t o

b e L ate Bronze A ge, b ut i t i s n ow e stablished t hat i t b elongs t o t he M iddle B ronze A ge a s d emonstrated b y B utler a nd I .F. S mith ( 1956) a nd M .A.

S mith

( 1959). B urgess

( 1974,

1 80 a nd 2 16) r aised t he p ossibility

o f E arly B ronze A ge b eginnings f or D everel-Rimbury a nd d iscussed t he p roblems

o f Deverel-Rimbury

o rigins

a nd

c hronology.

C 14

d ates

r ange

f rom 1 740 9 0 b c ( c1940 B C) f or a b ucket u rn b urial a t W orgret, A rne, Dorset, t hrough 1 380 + 9 0 b e ( c1560 B C) f or a g lobular u rn a t W ilsford, W iltshire,

t o 7 51

Dunsmore,

W arwickshire.

± 4 1

c haracteristic o f t he

b e

( c890 T he

M iddle

a n

u rn

e stablishment

B C)

o f

B ronze

f or A ge

l eads

b urial

a t

R yton-on-

D everel-Rimbury

t o

t he

p roblem

a s

a s t o

w hat t ype o f p ottery w as i n u se d uring t he L ate B ronze A ge, a nd i t m ay w ell b e t hat e arly I ron A ge p ottery t ypes w ere i n u se d uring t he L ate B ronze A ge. T here a re u p t o e ight b arrel u rns a nd t en b ucket u rns f rom t he a rea ( Map X ). T he a lmost c omplete b arrel u rn f rom C ossington S ite 1 ( 661) w as a ssociated w ith a c remation b urial, a nd t he f ragments o f t wo v essels f rom

t he

s ame

s ite

c remation b urials,

( 662

a nd

63), 6

w hich

w ere

a lso

a ppear t o b e f rom b arrel u rns.

a ssociated

w ith

T he f ragments f rom

B eeley Moor T riple C airn ( 664), w hich a re p robably f rom a b arrel u rn, w ere f ound i n B urial 4 o utside C airn A w ith t races o f c harcoal b ut

n o

b one. T he v ery l arge e xample f rom M ill P ot C ave, W etton ( 665) i s o f s pecial i nterest i n t hat a n a ncient c rack w as r epaired b y b oring t wo p airs

o f h oles

e ach

s ide

o f t he

c rack

a nd b y

r iveting,

a nd t he f ine

e xample f rom R othley ( 666) a lso h ad n o a ssociations. T he t wo b arrel u rns f rom K irk I reton ( 667) a nd Darley D ale ( 668) a re o f p articular i nterest a s b oth o f t hem h ave l ugs. p ierced

v ertically

l atter,

w hich

i s

a nd

w as

f ound

f ragmentary

T he f ormer h as t wo l ugs w hich a re w ith

a nd

h as

a c remation n o

b urial,

a ssociations,

i s

a nd

t he

r ichly

d ecorated a nd h as o ne l ug r emaining p erforated h orizontally. T he o nly c omplete e xample o f at rue b ucket u rn f rom t he a rea i s t he o ne f rom B arwell ( 669), w hich i s d ecorated w ith a b and o f t humb i mpressions b elow t he r im a nd w as r ecovered f rom a c remation b urial. T he n ine

s herds

f rom t he

s ettlement

s ite

a t F isherwick

( 670 t o 6 78)

a re b elieved t o b e o f t he D everel-Rimbury p eriod, a nd F eature 1 2, w hich

684 t o 6 90), h as a C 14 d ate o f 8 50 + 1 40 b e ( c1020 B C). d isgorged ( A lthough t he n umber f rom t he s tudy a rea i s s mall, c onsiderable q uantities o f b ucket c remation

c emetries

u rns w ere r ecovered f rom t he e xcavation o f f lat a t

H overingham,

3 6

N ottinghamshire

( SK 7 06

4 78)

i n

t he L ower T rent B asin a nd a t L ong B ennington, L incolnshire ( cSK 8 3 4 4) i n 1 969 a nd 1 973 r espectively ( O 'Brien 1 978, 8 ).

3 7

T ABLE 9 A ssociations o f B eakers, _ T ype

I nhumation

e xcluding W illington

C remation

O ccupation

B ronze .

A OC

1 (2?)

E

3

W /MR N /NR

F lint

B one

.

-

-

-

-

-

1

4

-

-

1

1

-

N 2

1 1 (2?)

1

-

1

1 (2?)

S i

4

1 (2?)

-

-

1

3

1

S 2

9

S 3

-

1

5 2

2 -

S 4

3 1

-

M isc.

2

-

I ndet.

5

3 4(36?)

-

_

-

-

( 1?)

4 8

1 1 (2?)

1 (2?)

-

1 (2?)

1 2

7 (8?)

1 3(15?)

4 (5?)

T ABLE 9 A ssociations o f U rns C remation C ollared U rns C ordoned U rns E nlarged f ood

B ronze

5 0

B one

1

7

3

F lint

-

-

_

P ygmy c ups 1 0

3 -

1

v essels

4

1

2

1

-

S pecial U rns

2

-

-

-

I ndeterminate

4

-

-

_

-

8

6 3

T ABLE

1 3

4

1

1 0

A ssociation o f Y orkshire V ases w ith t wo g rooves b ut n o l ugs N o

I nhumation

5 48

X

5 50

X

5 52

C remation

X

O ther A ssociations

S tag h orn

5 53

X

S mall

5 55

X

9f lint i mplements

f lint

5 56 5 57 5 58 5 59 5 61

x

J et

5 62

X

2 f lints

5 63 5 65

,

s pearhead

X X X X d isc b ead a nd c hert

s craper

X X

_

3 8

T ABLE

1

A ssociations o f B ipartite V ases N o

I nhumation

C remation

5 66

O ther A ssociations

X

A nother f ood v essel ( 584), b one p in ( 960), s herd o f t hird v essel, f lint i mplement a nd p iece o f i ron p yrites

5 67 5 70 5 72

X

B one p in.

5 73 5 74

X X

B one p ommel

( 997),

f lint

a nd p iece o f i ronstone.

? X

5 76

S ingle s crap o f b urnt b one.

p iece o f h orn

( 1008),

X

5 78

X X

5 79 5 81

B oar's t usk

( 1000).

) Flint s craper a nd r emains o f c hild, ) burial m ethod n ot c lear.

5 82

T ABLE

( 214)

1 2

A ssociations o f G lobular B owls a nd B ucket-shaped V essels N o

I nhumation

C remation

O ther A ssociations A nother f ood v essel

X

5 84

( 960) 5 86 5 88

( 566)

a nd b one p in

e tc.

X F ragments o f a nother f ood v essel ( 608),

5 89

a nd s ome b one.

T ABLE

2

f lint s crapers a nd 6 f lint f lakes. 3f lint s crapers, s mall p ieces o f b ronze

1 3

A ssociations o f F ood V essels _ F ood

F lint

B ronze

V essels I nhumation C remation M ethod U nknown

B one

O ther

I mplements

I tems

1 9

-

6

2

5

1 7 4

1

2 4

1 -

2 -

4 0

1

3

7

1 2

3 9

T ABLE

1 4

P ygmy C ups w ith C remation B urials N o

P lace

6 13 6 14 6 22 6 23

S tanton S tanton S tanton S tanton

6 25

S tanton M oor

6 29 6 30 6 31

B lore S tanton M oor S tanton M oor S tanton M oor S tanton M oor L arks L ow

O ther A ssociations -

6 32 6 34 6 36

M oor M oor 1 M oor 1 M oor 1 3J

I n c ollared u rn ( 422) I n a n u rn ( 535) C lose t o 2 c ollared u rns ( 452 a nd 4 75) I n c ollared u rn ( 490) w ith c lay t oggle ( 999) W ith 2 o r 3 o ther p ygmy c ups a nd r emains o f 3 o r 4 u rns n ow l ost I nside c ollared u rn ( 414) F lint s craper a nd f lint k nife B urnt b ronze a nd r emains o f p in N ear c ollared u rn ( 477) W ith b ronze p in, a nimal t eeth a nd b ones a nd p ebble o n s lab c overing a c ollared u rn ( 470)

2 C 8 1 3 1

T ABLE 1 5 I ndeterminate, N o

p robable E arly B ronze A ge, P ottery S ite

F ragments o f p robable/possible

A ston o n T rent B irchover B irchover F isherwick G ratton H ill G ratton H ill H arston I lam M oor

U rn C ollared U rn C ollared U rn ? B eaker ? B eaker

6 45

L ean L ow

U rn

6 46

O ldbury

C ordoned u rn

6 47

S tanton S tanton M oor

6 48

1

B eaker

6 37 6 38 6 39 6 40 6 41 6 42 6 43 6 44

2F

U rn U rn

6 49 6 50 6 51 6 52

2 G 2 1 2 K 2 L

6 53

1 3A

2 U rns P ygmy c up U rn U rn o r f ood v essel U rn

6 54

1 6 1 7C

U rn U rn

6 56

6 55 6 57

S tanton M oor D oll T or

A l A 2 H

A ssociations

B arr ,3 4

S ettlement

s ite

B arrow, i nhumation, f lint B arrow, c remation, b oar's t usk ( 1001), f lint ( 215) B arrow , b ronze k nife dagger ( 722) C remation,

b ronze

( 746) F lint C remation,

2 p ebbles

C remation

B one s egmented b ead ( 993), f lint C remation, f lint b & t a rrowhead

U rn U rn

I n s tone c ircle C remation i n s tone c ircle O utside s tone c ircle B arrow, f lint b & t a rrowhead ( 240) C remation

6 58 6 59

W ardlow P asture

U rn U rn

6 60

W illington

U rn

f lint t ool

1 4 0

( 206)

CHAPTER

4

Me ta lwork

T he t raditional d ivision o f t he B ritish B ronze A ge i nto E arly, M iddle a nd L ate b ased u pon t he t ypology a nd a ssociation o f m etalwork w as a dvanced b y F ox t his

g eneral

t hen t here h as i ndividual

( 1923)

a pproach

b uilding u pon t he w ork o f E vans

w as

r efined

b een a marked

c ultures

o r

b y

H awkes

p reference

i ndustries

o n

f or

t he

( 1960).

b uilding u p

b asis

( 1881)

H owever,

o f m etal

a nd

s ince

a s ystem

o f

a rtifacts,

r esulting i n av eritable b abel o f a rchaeological t erms. A n a pproximate, s implified b asic c hronology f or B ritish B ronze A ge m etalwork i s s hown i n T able 1 6, p age 5 9, w hich r efers t o b oth t he t raditional t ripartite d ivision a nd t he p rincipal c urrent n omenclature. A lthough a C halcolithic P eriod A ge

i n

m any p arts

o r

C opper A ge p receded t he

o f w estern A sia a nd

e astern E urope,

B ronze

s uch a p eriod

i s n ot w holly r ecognised i n w estern E urope i ncluding t he B ritish I sles. N evertheless, a re

o f

m any

c opper

o r

o f t he h ave

e arliest m etal

a n

a rtifacts

i nsignificant

t in

f ound

c ontent

i n.Britain

c ompared

w ith

s tandard b ronze, w hich i s n inety p er c ent c opper a nd t en p er c ent t in. V ery

f ew

b een

a nalysed

i tems

d etermine

o f B ronze b y

t in

t ransitional

e ither

c ontent

A ge

m etalwork

i n

t he

c ase

a nd E arly B ronze A ge

o r l ead c ontent

f rom

m etallographic

o r

o f

t he

a rea

o f

s pectroscopic

N eolithic/Early

i tems,

o r

f or

s tudy

h ave

m ethods B ronze

t o A ge

t hat m atter t he t in

o f L ate Bronze A ge m etalwork.

T RANSITIONAL PERIOD A ND E ARLY B RONZE AGE METALWORK T he B eaker p eople,

w ho p robably f irst

2 500 B C, i nitiated t he c hanges w hich B ronze Age i n t he B ritish I sles, a nd o nly b y b eakers b ut T he T ransitional C astletown R oche,

l atterly b y f lat

a rrived i n B ritain i n a bout

l ed t o t he d evelopment o f t he t heir c ulture i s t ypified n ot c opper d aggers a nd c opper a wls.

P eriod h as t hree s uccessive i ndustrial p hases: K nockague a nd M igdale -M arnock. T he E arly B ronze

A ge i n Britain f alls i nto t wo m ain i ndustrial p hases, t he e arlier k nown a s C olleonard a nd t he l ater n amed A rreton. P iggott's s o c alled W essex C ulture,

w hich i s l ocalised,

i s l ikewise d ivided

( ApSimon

1 954)

i nto

t wo p hases, W essex I a nd I I. W essex I i s a lso k nown a s t he B ush B arrow P hase o f s outhern E ngland, a nd W essex I I i s a pproximately c ontemporary w ith t he C amerton

S nowshill P hase a nd t he A ldbourne E dmonsham G roup

o f s outhern E ngland. B RONZE A XES T here a re 1 5 f lat a xes f rom t he a rea o f s tudy e xcept

p ossibly

b elong

t o

t he

o ne,

M igdale

a re

n arrow

-M arnoch

b utted, t radition

a re

( 679 t o 6 93) a nd a ll, a pparently

o f B ritton

b ronze

( 1963).

a nd

E arly

f lat a xes o f c opper w ith b road b utts a re r elatively u ncommon, a nd t he o nly p ossible c andidate i s t he f lat o ne f rom O ker H ill ( 689). H owever, i ts

r esemblance t o a b road b utt a xe i s,

n o d oubt,

b utt i s b roken a nd i t a ppears t o b e b ronze.

s uperficial a s t he

T he t hree f rom B urnt W ood,

686) a nd Moat L ow ( 688) have s light B eely ( 682), Matlock/Markham M oor ( f langes w hich a re p robably h ammered a nd n ot c ast. T he f lat a xe f rom 1 4 1

B orther L ow ( 680),

w hich i s v ery s mall,

o ne f rom T an H ill,

A ll

C annings,

c an b e c ompared i n s ize w ith

W iltshire

( Moore a nd Rowlands

N o. 5 ) a nd i t i s i n marked c ontrast t o t he v ery l arge 684) a nd I lam ( 687). F ritchley ( 683), H arthill M oor (

e xamples

1 972, f rom

O f p articular i nterest a re f our d ecorated f lat a xes ( 685, 6 86, 6 88 a nd 6 90). M egaw a nd H ardy ( 1938) c lassified B ritish d ecorated a xes o n t he b asis o f f orm ( Types I , I I a nd I II), c haracteristics o f t he s ide o rnament ( a, b a nd c ) a nd a bsence o r p resence o f d ecoration o n t he f ace ( 1 a nd 2 ). O rnamented a xes h ave b een r ecovered i n B ritain, I reland, S candinavia, Saxony, F rance a nd Holland, b ut t he g reatest n umber h as b een f ound i n t he B ritish I sles. T he o ne f rom P arwich Moor ( 690) i s d ecorated m ade

o n

w ith

t he

s ides

a h ammer

( 685)

H enridding

o nly w ith

a nd

i s

i t

n ot

l ozenge

f acets

b elongs

t o

T ype

d ecorated

o n

t he

w hich w ere

I a1.

T he

s ides,

p robably

e xample

b ut

o ne

f rom

f ace

i s

e mbellished l ongtitudinally w ith a lternate r ows o f p unched z ig z ag l ines a nd d ots, t he o ther f ace b ears s light t races o f d ecoration, a nd i t

i s o f T ype 1 2.

S imilarly

t he

s ides

o f t he

f lat

a xe

f rom Moat L ow

( 688), w hich i s a lso o f T ype 1 2, a re p lain, b ut t he b lade i s o rnamented w ith v ertical s tabs o r s trokes r epeated i n a n a ll o ver " rain" p attern, a c hisel-like t his p urpose. T he

f ine

t ool

k nown

e xample

a s

a t racer

p robably

f rom M atlock/Markham M oor

h aving

b een u sed f or

( 686), the p rovenance

o f w hich i s e xtremely d oubtful, i s d ecorated b oth o n i ts e dges w ith l ozenge f acets a nd o n i ts f aces w ith p unched h erringbone d ecoration a nd t riangles, o ne f ace h aving a " rain" p attern i n a ddition. I t a ppears t o b elong t o T ype 1 1a2 b ut i t c ould p ossibly b elong t o T ype I a2. T ype I d ecorated a xes o ccur m ost f requently i n I reland w ith a s prinkling i n e astern S cotland a nd i n E ngland, e specially i n t he Y orkshire W olds, w hereas T ype I I d ecorated a xes h ave a m ore g eneral d istribution. T he f lat a xe f rom S huttlestone B arrow ( 692) c laims a ttention a s t he l ine o f t he v anished h aft i s m arked b y t he b etter c ondition o f t he s urfaces c overed a re

b y

i t

s howing

i mpressions

o ne f ace,

a w ood g rain

o f b racken,

r unning v ertically,

i dentified

a s P teridium

a nd a s t here

a cquilinium,

o n

t he b ody o f t he i nhumation b urial h aving b een p rotected b y

b racken i n a ddition t o a s kin. O nly t hree o f t he f lat

a xes h ave a ssociations.

T he s mall

o ne f rom

B orther L ow ( 680) w as f ound n ear t he o uter e dge o f t he b arrow w ith a n i nhumation b urial,

t he r emains o f a " plain,

c oarse u rn",

a nd a f lint

688) was d iscovered i n a rrowhead; t he d ecorated e xample f rom Moat L ow ( a c ist b elow t he b arrow w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial; a nd t hat f rom S huttlestone Barrow ( 692) w as r ecovered f rom a p rimary i nhumation b urial

t ogether

w ith

a b ronze

d agger

( 707),

a j et

b ead

( 932)

a nd

a

c ircular f lint. I t would s eem f rom t he d rawing o f 1 811 o f t he l ost a xe f rom C roft ( 694), t hat i t w as a f langed a xe o f t he A rreton i ndustry, t he o nly e xample

f rom t he a rea.

B RONZE D AGGERS A ND K NIFE-DAGGERS T hurnham

( 1871)

t ypological

t ypes

f lat

t he

b lade,

a nd

r iveted

s haped b lade. F lat g roups b y P iggott

E vans

( 1881)

o f British E arly f lat

b lade,

d istinguished

B ronze A ge

d aggers

a nd t he r iveted,

t hree

m ajor

-t he

t anged

g rooved,

l eaf-

r iveted b lades w ere d ivided i nto f ive t ypological ( 1963); a nd A pSimon ( 1954) d ivided t he r iveted,

4 2

g rooved, I )

a nd

l eaf-shaped b lades i nto t wo t ypes -B ush B arrow t ype o gival

o r

C amerton

-S nowshill

t ype

( Wessex

I). I

( Wessex T hurnham

r ecognised t he d ifference b etween d aggers w ith l onger b lades a nd k nifed aggers w ith s horter o nes, a nd A shbee ( 1960) r eferred t o d aggers a s m l ong a nd k nife-daggers a s h aving h aving b lades b etween 1 2.7 a nd 3 c b lades

l ess

t han

1 2.7

c m

i n

l ength.

G erloff

( 1975)

d efined

d aggers a s g enerally h aving b lades l ess t han 1 0 c m l ong, d ivision

i s

a dopted

i t

i s

p urely a rbitrary.

G erloff

k nife-

b ut w hatever

( 1975)

r eviewed

c omprehensively B ritish E arly Bronze A ge d aggers a nd k nife-daggers, a nd h er c lassification h as b een a dopted f or t he p urposes o f i dentification.

1 d aggers o r k nife-daggers h ave b een f ound i n t he a rea. S ome 3 0 o r 3 T anged c opper d aggers a re t he e arliest t ype t o b e f ound i n B ritain, w here

t hey

a re

p articularly

a ssociated

w ith

W essex/Middle

R hine

b eakers. N o d agger o f t his t ype h as b een d iscovered i n t he a rea, b ut t his i s n ot s urprising a s t hey a re d istributed s outh-east o f a l ine f rom t he B ristol Y orkshire a nd f lat

C hannel t o t he W ash w ith t he e xception o f o ne i n North

f our i n S cotland.

r iveted b lades h ave b een

H owever,

1 8 e xamples o f d aggers w ith

f ound i n t he a rea.

re o f B utterwick t ype Of t hese d aggers w ith f lat r iveted b lades, 8 a ( 695 t o 7 02). T hey h ave b lades w hich a re g enerally b road i n p roportion t o l ength, b evelled c utting e dges,

r ounded o r s lightly p ointed b utts,

t hree p lug r ivets w hich a re s ometimes m assive a nd o mega-shaped h ilt m arks, e xcept f or a s traight h ilt m ark o n o ne f ace o nly o f t he d agger f rom

M iddleton

( 699).

A lthough

t he

e xample

f rom

K enslow

( 698)

i s

.8 cm l ong a nd m ight w ell r egarded b y G erloff a s a d agger, i t i s o nly 8 b e more c orrectly c lassified a s a k nife-dagger.

I n a ddition t o t he 8

d aggers o f B utterwick t ype, t here i s o ne e xample o f t he E ynsham v ariant w ith o gival o utline t o t he b lade a nd a h eel w ith a n o utcurving c entral l obe f rom C arder L ow ( 704), b ut n one o f t he G arrowby v ariant. T he B utterwick t ype a lthough f ound i n W ales a nd E ast A nglia i s c oncentrated i n

D erbyshire

a nd

Y orkshire,

a nd

i t

i s

p robably

c ontemporary

w ith

W essex I . T he f lat r iveted d agger f rom T horncliff L ow, C alton Moor ( 705) w ith i ts n arrower b lade a nd t hree p eg r ivets i s t he s ole e xample f rom t he a rea o f t he M erthyr M awr t ype; a nd l ikewise t he o ne f rom S huttlestone Barrow, P arwich ( 707) w ith i ts n arrow b lade, s traight b utt a nd t wo r ivets i s t he o nly r epresentative f rom t he a rea o f t he P arwich v ariant, t o w hich i t h as g iven i ts n ame.

T he M erthyr M awr t ype, w hich d oes n ot

o ccur i n s outhern E ngland, i s d istributed i n t he M idlands, W ales a nd Y orkshire, a nd i t i s c ontemporary w ith B ritton's M igdale -M arnock t radition a nd

r oughly

c ontemporary w ith W essex I a nd t he

B utterwick

t ype. T here a re t wo i mpressive e xamples o f t he M ilston t ype f rom S ydney S treet, L eicester ( 703) a nd N et L owe H ill ( 706) w ith t heir l ong, b road, f lat, t ongue-shaped b lades a nd m ultiple p eg r ivets. T he h ilt o f t his t ype

o f

d agger

u sually

c onsisted

o f

t wo

s eparate

w ooden

o r

a ntler

p lates r iveted t o t he b lade a nd e ither s truck t ogether o r s ecured t o e ach o ther b y many d ecorative r ivets a nd f itted w ith a n o val p ommel. T he S ydney S treet

e xample r etains i ts b one o r i vory p ommel,

w hich i s

s till a ttached t o t he metal t ang w hich f astened i t t o t he h ilt, a nd t he Net L owe H ill o ne h as 2 6 d ecorative r ivets f rom t he h ilt a nd t wo p ins w hich w ould p robably h ave a ttached t he p ommel t o t he h ilt. M ilston

4 3

t ype d aggers, w hich a re r oughly c ontemporary w ith B utterwick t ype, a re m ostly f ound i n s outhern E ngland w ith a m arked c oncentration i n W essex b ut t hey d o o ccur i n t he M idlands,

a s e xemplified b y t hese t wo c ases,

a nd i n Y orkshire a nd S cotland. I t i s t hought t hat s ome m ay h ave s erved a s o rnamental w eapons. N o e xample o f t he E ast K ennet v ariant h as b een f ound i n t he a rea. T he d agger f rom L id ( Lett) L ow ( 709) w ith i ts l ong, t hin t riangular b lade, t wo r ivet h oles a nd a c entral n otch a nd d istinctive ' V' -shaped h ilt m ark b elongs t o t he M asterton t ype o f f lat r i veted d aggers. A lthough t his t ype d oes n ot o ccur i n s outhern E ngland, c hronologically i t p robably o verlaps W essex I a nd W essex I I. I ts d istribution i s m ainly i n

S cotland,

b ut

D erbyshire a nd,

i t

a s

i s

a lso

i n t his

f ound

i nstance,

i n

N orthumberland,

S taffordshire.

i ncluded i n G erloff 's m iscellaneous f lat b lades. f rom S tanshope h eel

a nd

( 708)

w hich h as

f our t hin p eg r ivets,

a s lightly

T wo

Y orkshire, d aggers

T he f irst

o gival

a re

i s t he o ne

o utline,

a p ointed

b eing s imilar t o t he M erthyr M awr t ype

e xcept f or t he n umber o f r ivets. T he o ther i s t he d agger f rom S tandlow ( 711), t he b lade s ubstantial t ang.

o f w hich h as n ot o nly t hree r ivet h oles b ut a I ts p ommel i s o f i vory, p robably o f s perm w hale

t ooth, a nd i t i s s till f astened a s i n t he c ase o f t he S ydney S treet o ne, t o t he m etal t ang w hich a ttached i t t o t he h ilt. I t h as a n a ffinity w ith t he f lat, t anged a nd r iveted d agger f ound a ssociated w ith a p rimary i nhumation B eaker b urial i n B arrow 5 k a t N et D own, S hrewton, W iltshire ( Moore a nd R owlands T he

d agger

1 972,

4 2 a nd f ig A 2).

f rom M usden L ow

( 710)

i s

d istinguished

b y

i ts

c learly

d efined t apering m idrib a nd b elongs t o t he R idgeway g roup. H owever, arge p lug r ivets a nd i s r eminiscent o f t he i t h as a w ide b lade a nd 3 l G arroby v ariant r oughly

o f t he B utterwick t ype.

c ontemporary

w ith

W essex

I

T he R idgeway g roup,

w hich i s

a nd

C amerton

o verlaps

t he

S nowshill p hase, i s n ot c onfined i n i ts d istribution t o a ny p articular a rea.

T he l ast

f lat

r iveted d agger f rom t he a rea t o b e c onsidered i s

t he o ne f rom Dow L ow ( 712) w ith i ts b road b lade, r ounded b utt w ith t wo r ivet h oles a nd a c entral n otch, a nd t hree g rooves p arallel t o e ach e dge

f orming a c hevron

p attern

c hased w ith

s mall

p unched h oles,

o mega-shaped h ilt m ark a lso b eing d ecorated w ith p ointille'. t he

A ylesford g roup w hich

c omprises

h ybrids b etween t he

a nd t he g rooved W essex C ulture b lades,

t he

I t i s o f

f lat

b lades

t his g roup h aving n o d ef inite

p attern o f d istribution. G erloff's A morico -B ritish

s eries o f W essex d aggers e quates w ith

P iggott's W essex I a nd A pSimon's B ush B arrow p hase. Daggers o f t his v ery d istinctive s eries o ccur m ostly i n W essex b ut t hey h ave a lso b een f ound i n t he R iver T hames i n L ondon, E ast A nglia, N orth Y orkshire a nd e astern S cotland. H owever, n one h as b een r ecovered f rom t he a rea. A s t o t he C amerton -S nowshill s eries o f W essex d aggers, t his p hase o verlapped

t he

A rreton t radition.

D aggers o f t his

s eries

a re m ostly

f rom W iltshire a nd Dorset, b ut t heir d istribution e xtends f rom C ornwall t o S ussex i n t he s outh, s preads n orthwards t o B erkshire, O xfordshire a nd

G loucestershire

Y orkshire.

A gain,

a nd

n orth-eastwards

t o

C ambridgeshire

a nd

n one h as b een f ound i n t he a rea.

T he f inal c lass o f b ronze

d aggers

i s t he A rreton s eries,

o f w hich

t here a re t wo f rom t he s tudy a rea. T he f ragment f rom B ignall H ill ( 714) b elongs t o t he P lymstock -T otland g roup, t he b lades o f w hich a re r eminiscent

o f C amerton -S nowshill

1 4

o gival

o nes

e xcept

t hat

i nstead

o f s howing b ands o f n arrow g rooves t hey h ave a m edian t hickening f lanked o n e ach s ide b y a s hallow g roove a s i n t his i nstance, o r a l ow, w ell d efined m idrib f lanked o n e ach s ide b y ab road h ollow. T he d agger f rom Hungry B entley

( 713)

w ith

i ts

s lightly

o gival

b lade

a nd

t hree

l arge

p lug r ivets i s r einforced b y a t apering m idrib a nd i s d ecorated w ith t wo c onverging b ands o f f our g rooves p arallel t o t he e dges,

t he i nner

m argins h aving f inely e ngraved h atched t riangles a nd t he i nner m argins o f t he

b ands

d ecoration. D aggers

o f t riangles

b eing m arked

b y

d ouble r ows

o f p ointille

T here i s n o e xample o f t he S proughton t ype f rom t he a rea.

o f t he A rreton

s eries

a re w idely

d istributed

f rom t he

s outh

c oast o f E ngland t o t he Forth Clyde l ine i n S cotland b ut a re p eripheral t o W essex C ulture d aggers, a nd t hey a re c ontemporary w ith t he C amerton -S nowshill/Aldbourne p hase a nd W essex I I. S ome

1 0 k nife-daggers h ave b een f ound i n t he a rea, b ut n one o f t he

p rojecting b utt t ype o r t he g rooved t ype. However t here a re 5 e xamples o f f lat r iveted k nife- d aggers ( 715 t o 7 19). T he w ell f ormed e xample f rom Bee L ow b lade

a nd

h oles;

( 715),

m arkedly

t hat

f rom

w hich

h as a p ronounced m edian

b evelled B radley

c utting

( 716)

e dges,

h ad

3 r ivet

h as

t hickening

e ither h oles;

2 o r t he

o f t he

3r ivet

o ne

f rom

L ockington ( 717) h as 2 r ivet h oles a nd a s traight h ilt m ark; a nd t he k nife-dagger f rom M inninglow H ill ( 718) h as b een b adly c ontorted b y f ire,

a nd

o nly

o ne r ivet

h ole a t

o ne

e dge

o f t he b utt h as s urvived.

I n t he c ase o f t he f ifth e xample f rom M are H ill ( 719), w hich h as t wo r ivet h oles, i ts t riangular b lade i s e mphasised b y t he p ronounced b evelled c utting e dges r esulting i n a c hevron e ffect,

a nd i t b ears a

s trong

M ary b arrow G 3

r esemblance t o o ne

f rom C harlton,

D onhead S t.

( b), W iltshire ( Annable a nd S impson 1 964, No. 3 56). F lat r iveted k nifed aggers

a re

w idely

n orthern England,

d istributed

i n

W essex,

S cotland a nd W ales,

a nd

t he

P ennines,

t his t ype

Y orkshire,

p robably

c annot

b e d ated e arlier t han t he W essex C ulture. T here i s o nly o ne e xample o f k nife-daggers w ith m idrib -t hat S tanton

Moor

( 721),

w hich

h as

o riginally h ad t wo r ivet h oles. f lat

r iveted

k nife-daggers

b een

b adly

c ontorted

b y

f rom

f ire

a nd

T his t ype may b e s lightly l ater t han

a nd

i s

p robably

c ontemporary

w ith

t he

r 4t anged k nife-daggers ( 722 C amerton -S nowshill p hase. T here a re 3 o t o

7 24

a nd

p robably

7 25).

T he

o ne

f rom

O ldbury

B arrow

( 722)

h as

a

p rojecting h ilt p late a nd o ne r ivet h ole; t hat f rom M oot L ow B arrow, G rangemill ( 724) i s f inely f ormed a nd h as a d amaged r ivet h ole o r n otch a t

t he t op o f t he t ang a nd

s igns o f a nother a t t he s ide o f t he t ang;

a nd t he e xample f rom S tanton M oor B arrow 3 ( 723), which h as b een b adly d amaged, s hows n o s ign o f a r ivet h ole. T he b lade f rom S tathern ( 725), w hich h as a v ery p ronounced t ang, i t

i s

i s o mitted b y S .

d escribed i n I nventaria A rchaeologica,

G B 2 1

G erloff ( 1975) b ut a s a k nife-dagger

o r p erhaps a " razor". T anged k nife-daggers, w hich a re c ontemporary w ith t he l ater p art o f t he Wessex C ulture a nd m ay e ven b e M iddle B ronze A ge, h ave b een f ound m ostly i n t he P ennines a nd Y orkshire b ut a re k nown i n W ales a nd S cotland. F inally, t he p oint o f a d agger o r k nife-dagger f rom Bole H ill ( 726) c annot b e a llocated t o a ny p articular t ype. A ll 7 26)

o f

h ave

t he

d aggers

a ssociations

a nd a s

k nife-daggers s et

o ut

i n

e xcept

T able

1 7,

t hree p age

( 713, 6 0.

I t

7 14 w ill

a nd b e

s een t hat w here t he m ethod o f b urial i s k nown a ll t he d aggers w ere f ound w ith i nhumation b urials b ut a ll t he k nife-daggers w ere f rom c rem ation b urials. I t i s i mportant t o n ote w ith r egard t o t he f lat, r iveted d aggers t hat t he o ne f rom S toop L ow ( 702) w as p robably a ssociated w ith

1 4 5

a b eaker,

t he

e xample

f rom Net

L owe

H ill

( 706)

w as

f ound

w ith

t wo

c onical j et b uttons w ith ' V' p erforation, t he t wo f rom C arder L ow ( 704) a nd S tandlow ( 711) w ere a ssociated w ith s tone b attle a xes, a nd t he o ne f rom S huttlestone B arrow ( 707) w as d iscovered w ith a b ronze f lat a xe a nd a j et b ead. S eventy p er c ent o f t he k nife-daggers w ith a ssociations w ere

f ound

w ith

p ottery,including

v essel a nd a p ygmy c up,

c ollared

u rns,

a n

e nlarged

b ut t his h igh p roportion i s n ot

f ood

s uprising a s

a ll t he k nife-daggers w ith a ssociations w ere r ecovered f rom c remation b urials. R AZORS T here a re a t l east t wo a nd p ossibly f our i mplements f rom t he s tudy a rea w hich

c an b e

c lassified

a s

r azors.

C .M.

b ronze r azors i nto C lasses I , I I a nd I II, s ub-divided

C lass

I i nto

I A

a nd

I B.

P iggott

( 1946)

d ivided

a nd B utler a nd S mith

W hether a ll

t he

i mplements w ere i n f act r azors i s o pen t o q uestion,

( 1956)

C lass I A a nd B

a nd s ome m ay h ave

b een t he e quivalent o f p ocket k nives. T he e xample f rom Harborough C ave ( 727) 2 ,

i s

v ery

s imilar t o

B lanch G roup,

s omewhat

o ne a ccompanying a n

Y orkshire

s imilar

t o

a nother

f ound

w ith

a n

r egarded t hese

t wo Y orkshire

1 956,

2 8,

i nhumation

Y orkshire, w ith a p erforated s tone a xe-hammer a nd S mith

i nhumation

( Butler a nd Smith

( ibid,

e xamples

f rom B arrow f ig

a t

4 :2)

a nd

R udstone,

f ig 4 :1). B utler

a s E arly B ronze A ge

p rototypes o f t heir B ritish C lass I A r azors w ith s hort, b road t ang a nd as ingle r ivet h ole. T he b lade f rom L ady L ow ( 728), w hich w as d iscovered w ith a c remation b urial, i s t ypical o f C lass I A. A s

a lready

S tathern r azor,

s tated

( 725),

i n w hich

O ldbury

w ith

r eference

w hich h as c ase

i t

t o

k nife-da gers,

a n arrow t ang b ut

i s

C lass I B.

( 722) may b e a r azor,

n o

r ivet

t he h ole,

o ne

f rom

m ay b e a

L ikewise t he k nife-dagger f rom

i n w hich c ase i t b elongs t o C lass I A.

S PEARHEADS G reenwell a nd B rewis ( 1909) b uilding o n t he w ork o f e arlier w riters c lassified b ronze s pearheads a nd a dopted s ix m ain c lasses w ith a n umber o f s ub-classes, r esulting i n a t otal o f t hirteen t ypes. E vans ( 1933) s uggested m odifications t o G reenwell a nd B rewis's e xplanation o f t he e volutionary s equence a nd t he r elative c hronology o f c ertain t ypes o f s pearheads.

G reenwell

a nd Brewis's

t ypology h as

b een a dopted

s olely

f or t he p urpose o f i dentification. T here b eing

t he

i s

o nly

o ne E arly B ronze A ge

e xample

f rom Matlock

( 729)

s pearhead w hich

h as

f rom t he a rea, n o

t his

a ssociations.

I t

b elongs t o C lass I , t he b lade b eing s imilar t o t hat o f a n A rreton d agger w ith a n arrow t ang a ttached t o t he b ase w hich n ormally h ad a h ole a t t he e nd f or a p eg o r r ivet,

b ut i n t he p resent i nstance t here

i s n o r ivet h ole, a lthough t here m ay p ortion b roken o ff. I t i s s imilar t o

h ave b een o ne i n t he m issing s pearheads f rom A rreton D own,

I sle o f W ight, a nd Newbury, B erkshire, b oth o f w hich a re i n t he B ritish lass I s pearheads f rom E ngland, M useum. G reenwell a nd B rewis l isted 8 C 1 f rom

S cotland

a nd

4 f rom

I reland,

t his

e xample

b eing

t he

m ost

n ortherly o f t he 8 E nglish f inds. No e xample

o f

a C lass

I A

s pearhead,

t his

c lass

b eing

s imilar

t o

C lass I b ut w ith t he a ddition o f a f errule a round t he t ang a t t he b ase L ikewise,

n o C lass I I

e arly s ocketed s pearhead h as b een d iscovered i n t he a rea.

I n t he c ase

o f t he b lade,

h as b een f ound i n t he s tudy a rea.

1 4 6

o f C lass I I, w hich c an b e d ated t o t he e nd o f t he E arly B ronze A ge o r t he b eginning o f t he M iddle B ronze A ge, t he c avity o f t he s ocket d oes n ot e xtend i nto t he b lade w hich i s g enerally d iamond-shaped. AWLS B ronze a wls h ave b een r ecovered f rom t en b arrows i n t he a rea a nd a ll h ave a ssociations a s s hown i n T able 1 8, p age 6 0. I t w ill b e s een t hat w here t he m ethod o f b urial i s k nown,

t he a wls a re a ssociated i n

v irtually e qual p roportions w ith i nhumations a nd c remations. I n a t l east t wo c ases a wls a re a ssociated w ith b eakers, i n t he c ase o f I lam T ops L ow ( 734) w ith a E uropean B ell b eaker a nd i n t he i nstance o f S meeton H ill ( 732) w ith a W essex/Middle R hine b eaker. I t i s a lso n oteworthy t hat t he a wl f rom T hrowley ( 740) i s a ssociated w ith a p erforated s tone b attle a xe i n a n u rn w hich h as n ot s urvived. M ETAL J EWELLERY T he m ost o utstanding E arly B ronze A ge p iece o f j ewellery f rom t he a rea i s t he b racelet f rom K nipton ( 742) w hich w as f ound w ith a L ate S outhern B ritish b eaker ( 338). I t i s m ade o f b ronze o r c opper s trip w ith i ncised d ecoration, a nd s imilar b racelets h ave b een f ound a t N ormanton B arrow i n W iltshire, B ridlington a nd C aster i n Y orkshire a nd M ill o f L aither i n G rampian R egion. T here i s a lso a f ragment c i f n arrow s trip b ronze o r c opper w ith i ncised d ecoration f rom a c remation b urial i n a b arrow a t T hrowley ( 743). T he s mall f ragment o f a n e ar-ring m ade o f p late b ronze o r c opper f rom S taker H ill ( 744) w as f ound w ith a f emale i nhumation b urial a ssociated w ith a r usticated b eaker ( 345). T he e vidence f or t he f ragment b eing p art o f a n e ar-ring i s t hat e ach o f t wo f ragments, o ne n ow l ost, w hich w ere d yed g reen. T he

f ragment

o f

a b ronze

w as

d iscovered b y t he m astoid b ones

o rnament

f rom T hree

L ows

( 745)

m ade

o f

t hick b ronze w ire i s d ecorated i n p art w ith r aised b ands a t r ight a ngles t o t he a xis a nd w as f ound i n 1 850 o n t he r eopening o f t he l arger b arrow, w hich w as d isturbed. I t m ay b e p art o f a b racelet, b ut i n t he a bsence o f a ssociations i ts p eriod i s e xtremely d oubtful a nd i t m ay w ell b e L ate B ronze A ge o r e ven l ater. M ISCELLANEOUS M ETAL O BJECTS T he

p lug-rivet

f rom

C old

E aton

( 741),

w hich

w as

f ound

i n

1 865

a ssociated w ith a c remation b urial a nd a f ood v esssel ( 544), i s n o d oubt a d agger r ivet. T here a re t wo b ronze o bjects f rom S tanton M oor, t he f irst f rom B arrow 2 F ( 746), w hich w as d iscovered w ith a c remation b urial o f a m ale a nd s ome s herds o f a n u rn o r f ood v essel ( 648). I t i s b roken i nto t wo p ieces w hich f it t ogether, i s r ectangular i n s ection a nd t apers g radually b ut

n ot

t o a p oint,

i ts u se b eing u nknown.

T he

s econd, w hich i s f rom B arrow 3 B.1 ( 748), w as r ecovered f rom a c remation b urial n ot o f a m an b ut o f aw oman t ogether w ith a c ollared u rn ( 429), a f ragment o f a b ronze a wl ( 737) a nd f lints. I t a lso i s b roken i nto t wo p ieces a nd i s r ectangular i n s ection, b ut a lthough i t h as b een d escribed a s a " trunnion"

i ts u se i s u nknown.

O f p articular i nterest i s t he b ronze i ngot t ore w hich i s d escribed a s f rom " Derbyshire" ( 747) a nd w hich w as p urchased b y S heffield C ity M useum a t a L ondon a uction i n 1 898. I t i s m ost u nfortunate t hat i ts p rovenance i s s o e xtremely d oubtful t hat n o w orthwhile d eductions c an b e m ade. P iggott ( 1965, 1 02) p ointed o ut t hat i ngot t orcs, t hat i s

1 4 7

n ecklets w ith r eturned e nds t hat c ould a lso b e u sed a s u nits o f c opper, a ppeared i n s outhern C entral E urope a t t he e nd o f t he B ell B eaker p hase a nd a lso o ccurred a round 2 000 -1800 B C i n s everal N ear Eastern s ites, p articularly i n S yria. T ypical e xamples h ave b een f ound i n g raves a t S taubing, s outhern G ermany. T he d istribution o f Early B ronze A ge m etalwork f rom t he s tudy a rea i s s hown o n Map Y .

M IDDLE BRONZE AGE METALWORK T he M iddle Bronze Age i n B ritain b etween a bout

1 400 a nd

a nd

t he

W ales

b y

P ickering p hase.

1 200 B C i t

A cton

P ark

F rom a bout

c ommenced

i n a bout

1 400 B C,

a nd

i s r epresented i n s outhern E ngland

p hase

1 200 t o

a nd

i n

n orthern

E ngland

b y

t he

1 050 B C t he M iddle B ronze A ge i s

m arked b y t he T aunton i ndustrial p hase, t here b eing a n O rnament H orizon i n s outhern E ngland a nd a Hotham C arr p hase i n n orthern E ngland. p eriod

b etween

a bout

1 050

r epresents a t ransition d istinctive

metalwork

a nd

9 50

B C,

k nown

a s

t he

P enard

T he

p hase,

f rom t he M iddle t o t he L ate B ronze A ge w ith

o f

t ypes

w hich

o verlap

t he

p revious

O rnament

H orizon/Hotham C arr p hase o f t he M iddle B ronze A ge a nd t he f ollowing W ilburton/ W allington p hase o f t he L ate B ronze A ge b ut w hich b elong t o n either a nd c ontain a n e lement r elated t o C ontinental U rnfield m aterial o f t he H allstatt A 2/Montelius I V A p eriod. P ALSTAVES T he M iddle B ronze A ge m etalwork o f l owland E ngland a nd o f W ales i s c haracterised b y t he p alstave. S cotland d eveloped f langed a xes, a xes p redominated a nd a lthough I reland h ad

I n n orthern E ngland, I reland a nd h aft f langed a xes a nd w ing f langed

p alstaves w ere g enerally o f l ess i mportance, i ts o wn s eries o f p alstaves. B urgess ( 1974)

d ivided A nglo-Welsh p alstaves i nto f ive m ain g roups -G roups I ( shield p attern),

I I

( early m id-ribbed),

II I

( low f langed a nd s outh-western),

I V ( transitional) a nd V ( late). H e a lso d ivided t he I rish s eries i nto f our g roups -A, B , C a nd D . T here

a re

s ome

5 3

p alstaves

f rom

t he

a rea

a nd

4 7

o f

t hem

a re

i llustrated. Of t hese 4 7, 2 4 a re u nlooped a nd 2 3 a re l ooped. The e arliest p alstaves a re G roups I a nd I I, w hich B urgess a lloted t o t he A cton P ark p hase. A t l east 7 p alstaves a re G roup I w ith a s hield p attern b elow t he s top r idge a nd a ll o ne

f rom W irksworth

( 755)

o f t hese a re u nlooped

a nd a s ocketed a xe

( 749 t o 7 55).

The

o f t he L ate B ronze Age

( 860) w ere f ound d uring t he e xcavation o f f oundations f or a b uilding, b ut

t here

t ogether,

i s a nd

n o

r ecord

a s

t o

w hether

i n v iew o f t he g reat

t hey w ere

d ifference

i n

f ound

s eparately

o r

p robable p eriod

o f

m anufacture t he f ormer i s m ore l ikely. I n

a ddition,

t he

u nlooped

p alstave

f rom

S hareshill

( 756)

i s

of

s hield p attern b ut i ts a uthenticity i s d oubtful; t he u nlooped e xample f rom " Staffordshire" ( 757), w hich h as a s hield-shaped d epression b elow t he s top r idge a nd w hich h as n o r aised b order t o t he s hield, p robably b elongs t o G roup I ; a nd l ikewise t he u nlooped o ne f rom W illenhall ( 759), w hich h as a n i nverted s hield-shaped d epression b elow t he s top r idge a nd w hich h as n o r aised b order t o t he d epression, i s p robably r elated t o G roup I . T he u nlooped p alstave f rom H igh S treet, L eicester ( 760) h as a s hield p attern b ut w ith t he a ddition o f av ertical m oulding

4 8

i n t he c entre o f t he s hield, a nd i ts b lade i s o nly m oderately f lared. A t f irst s ight i t a ppears t o b e s imilar t o G roup I , b ut i t w as f ound w ith a d irk ( 804) o f T rump's G roup I II, C orrib C lass a nd B urgess's G roup I V d irks a nd r apiers r eferred t o b elow , w hich b elong t o t he T aunton p hase. T he u nlooped p alstaves w ith s hield p attern f rom n ear B irmingham ( 758) a nd K eele H all ( 761) a ppear t o b elong t o G roup A o f t he I rish p alstave s eries, w hich c orresponds w ith G roup I o f t he A ngloW elsh s eries a nd t he A cton P ark p hase. A s t o G roup I I, e arly m idribbed p alstaves, t here a re a t l east 2 u nlooped e xamples f rom N orbury ( 762) a nd S techford ( 763), a nd t hese a s i n t he c ase o f G roup I a re a ttributable t o t he A cton P ark p hase. F urther, t he u nlooped p alstave f rom B ardon H ill ( 764) w hich h as a n i ndentation e ach s ide o f a c entral m idrib a ppears t o b e r elated t o t his G roup. I t w ould s eem t hat 5 l ooped p alstaves w ith m idribs a re a lso G roup I I a nd o f t he s ame p hase ( 765 t o 7 69). T here a re i n a ddition 4p lain, u nlooped p alstaves w hich a re n either G roup I n or I I b ut w hich p robably b elong t o t he A cton P ark p hase o n a ccount o f t heir g eneral f orm -that f rom A shover ( 770), o ne f rom C hatsworth ( 771) w ith i ts p ronounced c rescentic b lade, a nother f rom n ear C headle ( 772), a nd t he e xample f rom Y oulgrave ( 773) w hich h as a v ertical a rris o n t he b lade. T he p alstave f rom U pper O ldhams ( 774) w ith f langes e xtending b elow t he s top r idge i s t ypical o f G roup B o f t he I rish s eries, w hich c orresponds w ith G roup I I o f t he A nglo-Welsh s eries a nd t he A cton P ark p hase. I n a ddition, a nother e xample f rom n ear B irmingham ( 775) m ay b elong t o G roup B . G roup I II

p alstaves w ith l ow f langes w ere a llotted b y B urgess t o

t he T aunton p hase, a nd t here a re o ne o r t wo u nlooped a nd p robably n ine l ooped e xample f rom t he s tudy a rea. T he u nlooped o ne f rom W istow/Arnesby ( 776) i s G roup I II. H owever, t he f ragment o f a p lain, a pparently u nlooped p alstave w ith e xtremely l ow f langes f rom W ednesfield ( 777) m ay n ot b e G roup I II a s i ts n arrow b lade s uggests a l ater p eriod. T he n ine l ooped p alstaves h ave m idribs b ut c an b e d istinguished f rom t he e arlier G roup I I b y t heir l ow f langes ( 778 t o 7 86). T he e xample f rom N ewhaven ( 778) h as a m idrib o n o ne f ace b ut a t rident p attern o n t he o ther, a nd i n t he l atter r espect r esembles a p alstave f rom t he S helf h oard, Y orkshire ( Burgess 1 968 ( 1), f ig 6 .2) a nd a nother f rom t he C arr M oorside h oard, Y orkshire ( ibid, f ig 8 .1). F urther, t he e xample f rom t he W olverhampton a rea ( 786) i s s imilarly d ecorated. G roup I V t ransitional p alstaves a ppeared i n t he P enard p hase b ut c ontinued i nto t he W allington p hase o f t he L ate B ronze A ge i n n orthern E ngland. T he l ooped p alstaves f rom B rassington ( 787) a nd C hartley ( 788) w ith l arge r ounded m idrib m ay b elong t o G roup I II o r I V. B oth, h owever, h ave a s trong r esemblance t o p alstaves o f G roup I V f rom t he S helf h oard, Y orkshire ( Burgess 1 968 ( 1), f ig 6 .10), t he R oundhay h oard, Y orkshire ( ibid, f ig 7 .1b) a nd t he W allington h oard, N orthumberland ( ibid, f ig 9 .6). T he l ooped p alstave f rom n ear U ttoxeter ( 789) w ith i ts

c hevron p attern a nd m idrib

i s

d ifficult

t o

a llocate

b ut

i t

i s

p robably e ither G roup I II o r I V. G roup V l ate p alstaves w ere a llocated b y B urgess t o t he W allington p hase o f t he L ate B ronze A ge b ut a re c onveniently d ealt w ith h ere a s t here a ppear t o b e a t m ost t wo e xamples f rom t he a rea. T he o ne f rom W igber L ow ( 791) w ith n arrowish b lade d ecorated w ith t hree c onverging r idges a nd t he l ooped p alstave w ith

1 4 9

t rident p attern a nd n arrow, s quared b lade p robably G roup V b ut m ay b e G roup I V.

f rom W rottesley

( 790)

a re

T here a re 4 p lain l ooped p alstaves w hich a re d ifficult t o c lassify. T he o ne f rom B runtingthorpe ( 792) w ith l ow f langes a nd n arrow b lade i s p robably G roup I V. However, i t w ould b e f oolhardy t o a ttempt t o a llocate t hose f rom B enscliffe W ood ( 793) d espite i ts n arrow b lade o n t he b asis o f a n i llustration o f 1 842, S tretton ( 794) i n r eliance d rawing o f

1 779 a nd Swithland R esevoir

p hotograph.

I n

a ddition

i naccesible, h ave b een H ollington, M archington,

p alstaves, f ound a t B ushbury

o n a

( 795) o f w hich t here i s o nly a w hich

a re

e ither

l ost

o r

B reewood/Featherstone, C annock, ( Wolverhampton) a nd F inchfield

( Wolverhampton). H AFT F LANGED A XES H aft

f langed

a xes,

w hich

a re

r epresented b y f our e xamples. h as n o s top r idge,

p redom inantly

a n orthern

t ype,

T he p lain o ne f rom O ver W hitacre

a re

( 796)

a nd t he o ther p lain e xample f rom A shover ( 797) h as

o nly a n i ncipient s top r idge. Both o f t hese h ave p ronounced w ing-like f langes, w hich a re n ot s ufficiently d eveloped t o c lassify t hem a s w ing f langed a xes. b elow

t he

T he

t hird

s hallow

W olverhampton ( 799)

f rom t he M anifold V alley

s top

r idge,

a nd

h as w ell d eveloped,

t he

( 798)

l ast

h as a m idrib

f rom

Parkfield,

s lightly c urved f langes a nd a

l ow s top r idge. N one o f t hese h as a ny a ssociations. T homas l isted a w inged a xe f ound

a t

W olvey,

b ut

a s

i t

i s

n ow

d oubt a s t o w hether i t w as a t rue w inged a xe o r a h aft

( 1974,

l ost

3 7)

t here

i s

f langed a xe.

P ALSTAVES-ADZE T he p alstave-adze

f rom M arston J abbett

( 800),

w hich w as

f ound

i n

1 966, i s o f p articular n ote. P alstave-adzes w ere d iscussed b y Hodges ( 1955) a nd o f t he 3 3 t hen k nown s pecimens f rom t he B ritish I sles, 6 w ere f rom t he n orth o f E ngland a nd S cotland a nd t he r emainder f rom I reland. H alf o f a s oapstone m ould f or c asting p alstave-adzes h as b een f ound o n t he Y orkshire Moors a nd i s i n t he B ritish M useum. D AGGERS,

D IRKS A ND R APIERS

T he d ivision o f M iddle B ronze A ge b laded w eapons i nto d aggers, d irks a nd r apiers i s p urely e mpirical, a nd T rump ( 1959) a dopted t he t erm d agger f or t hose l ess t han 2 1.6 c m l ong, d irk f or t hose b etween 2 1.6 a nd

3 5.5 c m a nd r apier f or t hose o ver 3 5.5 c m l ong.

However,

i n

1 962

s he c aptioned h er i llustrations a s r apiers i rrespective o f l ength. T rump ( 1962) c lassified t hese b lades i nto G roup I , G roup I I w ith 5 c lasses

a nd

G roup

II I

w ith

4 c lasses

p lus

B allintober

s words;

a nd

Burgess ( 1974, 2 04) c lassified d irks a nd r apiers o n t he b asis o f b lade c ross-section i nto G roups I t o I V. T he b lade

f rom C hurch W ilne

( 801),

w hich

i s

2 1.9

c m

l ong a nd h as

t wo r ivet h oles a nd a l ozenge s ection w ith a t apering m idrib, i s a d irk o f T rump's G roup I a nd B urgess's G roup I a nd c an b e a llotted t o t he A cton P ark p hase. T he b lade f rom S yston ( 802) i s 2 0.2 c m l ong, b ut a s i ts p oint i s m issing a nd i ts b utt i s d amaged i t a nd n ot a d agger;

i s p robably a d irk

i t matters n ot a s i t i s p urely a m atter o f s emantics.

W hat i s c lear i s t hat i t b elongs t o T rump's G roup I a nd w ith i ts l ozenge c ross-section t o Burgess's G roup I I, t herefore b eing o f t he A cton P ark p hase.

N either b lade h as a ssociations.

5 0

T he e xample

f rom A bbey Meadows,

L eicester

( 803)

i s 3 1

c m l ong a nd

i n c onsequence o f T rump's n omenclature a d irk, a lthough t he d escription o f r apier may w ell b e more a ppropriate. T rump ( 1962, 9 6, N o. 8 4) c lassified i t a s b eing o f h er G roup I , a nd i n c onsequence i t w ould b e a llotted t o t he A cton Park p hase. However, o n t he b asis o f i ts f lattened m id

s ection

i t

T aunton p hase. l ong,

b ut

w ould

s eem

t o

b elong

t o B urgess's

G roup

I V

a nd

t he

T he b lade f rom H igh S treet, L eicester ( 804) i s 3 4.2 c m

t he t erm

r apier

i s m ore a ppropriate

t han

d irk.

I t b elongs

t o T rump's G roup I II, C orrib C lass, w ith i ts n arrow b utt a nd t wo r ivet h oles,

a nd t his m atches b oth B urgess's G roup I V a nd h is v iew t hat t he

C orrib

C lass

r elates

m entioned i t w as

t o t he T aunton

i ndustrial

p hase.

f ound w ith a n u nlooped p alstave

A s

T he b lade f rom B utterton ( 805), w hich i s 1 7.0 c m l ong, p oint

a nd

h as

a d amaged

b utt,

b ut

n evertheless

t hat i t w as a s m uch a s 2 1.6 c m l ong, T rump's

n omenclature

i t

i s

p reviously

( 760).

i t

h as l ost i ts

i s m ost

u nlikely

i n c onsequence o f w hich f ollowing

a d agger.

H owever,

t he

p roblem

i s

t o

d etermine i ts t ype, t his b eing d ifficult o n a ccount o f i ts v ery c orroded c ondition a nd d amaged b utt. I t h as a f lat, t apering b lade w ith n arrow b evelled c utting e dges, a nd i f t he b utt o riginally h ad a r ounded h eel w ith r ivets i t w ould b e s omewhat s imilar t o a d agger f rom A shley D own, I sle b e

o f W ight

c onnected

( Gerloff w ith

d espite t he

l ack

n otched,

w hich

C lass,

i n

t he

1 975,

No.

E arly

o f g rooves. c ase

i t

2 05),

B ronze

w hich G erloff b elieved m ight

A ge

However,

m ay

b elong

C amerton

t he

b utt

-S nowshill

a ppears

t o T rump's

g roup

t o h ave b een

G roup I II,

L isburn

a nd o n t he b asis o f t he b lade c ross-section t o B urgess's G roup

I V a nd t he P enard P hase. N evertheless, t here a re s till p roblems a s t he b utt d oes n ot e ntirely r esemble p articular t he c ross-section o f

t hat o f t he L isburn C lass, b ut i n t he b lade i s s omewhat r emoved f rom

B urgess's G roup I V a s t he b evels a re e xtremely n arrow. T he k nife f rom B arrow u pon T rent

( 806) w ith i ts r ounded h eel,

t wo

r ivets a nd h ollow g round c utting e dges i s c lassified b y F owler ( 1955, 1 10) a s b elonging t o t he Early B ronze A ge b ut i s a ttributed b y P osnansky ( 1956) t o t he L ate B ronze A ge. T he p resent w riter, a lthough u nable t o f ind a p recise p arallel, p refers t o r egard i t a s p robably M iddle B ronze Age. S PEARHEADS T he

s ocketed,

k ite-shaped,

r ibbed,

s ide

l ooped

s pearheads

f rom

Barrow u pon T rent ( 807) a nd Heage/Hartshay ( 808) b elong t o C lass I II a nd a re o ften r eferred t o a s o f I rish t ype. T here a re a lso t wo e xamples o f C lass I IIA s pearheads, w hich a re s ocketed a nd b asal l ooped. b lade o f t he o ne f rom D rakelow ( 809) h as a p ronounced l eaf-shape,

T he b ut

n evertheless i t i s s traight b ased. T he o ther f rom " the B anks o f t he R iver T rent" ( 810), t he p rovenance o f w hich i s h ighly d oubtful, i s a lso s traight b ased, b eing v ery s imilar t o o ne f rom Hammersmith, G reater L ondon ( Greenwell a nd B rewis 1 909, f ig 2 3). T here a re a t l east 1 2 e xamples o f C lass I V s pearheads, s haped

a nd

s ide

l ooped

( 811

t o

w hich a re p lain,

8 22).

I n

s pearheads f rom S utton C heyney ( 824 a nd 8 25) t o C lass I V, p ortrayal,

s ocketed,

a ddition,

t he

l eaf-

t wo

l ost

d rawn i n 1 811 m ay b elong

b ut t he a rtist a ppears t o h ave i ndulged h imself i n t heir

o ne

( 824)

h aving b een c redited w ith b oth s ide l oops a nd a

p eg h ole. M iddle B ronze A ge s pearheads a re d ifficult t o d ate, a nd n one o f t he i tems

f rom t he

s tudy

a rea h as

a ny

5 1

a ssociations.

E vans

( 1933)

a rgued

t hat C lass I IIA a nd C lass I VB s pearheads w ere n ot t he p redecessors b ut t he c ontemporaries o f C lass V s ocketed, p egged, l eaf-shaped s pearheads; I a nd, f urther, t hat C lasses IIA a nd I VB w ere c reated b y t he h ybridisation o f C ontinental s pearheads o f C lass V a nd t he n ative C lass I II

s pearheads

( 1941)

a nd

b elonged

p ostulated t hat

s pearheads B ronze

w ere

A ge;

d erived

t hat

t o

t he

M iddle/Late

B ronze

A ge.

a s i n t he c ase o f C lasses I a nd I I,

C lass

f rom I V

d agger

o nes

a re

t ypes n ot

a nd

b elong

t o

M iddle B ronze

H awkes

C lass I II t he

A ge

M iddle

b ut

L ate

B ronze A ge; a nd t hat C lass I V w as a h ybrid o f C lasses I II a nd V . H e t ook t he v iew t hat i t w as t he d agger f orm o f C lass I II t hat w as p rimarily M iddle B ronze A ge a nd n ot t he s ide l oops. H is a rgument

r ested m ainly

o n C lass I V s pearheads w ith D everel-Rimbury a ssociations,

b ut a t t he

t ime a t w hich h e w as w riting i t w as t hought t hat t he Deverel-Rimbury C ulture b elonged t o t he L ate B ronze A ge. A s p reviously m entioned i n r elation t o p ottery,

i t

i s n ow e stablished t hat t his c ulture b elongs

t o t he M iddle B ronze A ge.

H e a lso m isdirected h imself w ith r egard t o

t he c ontents o f a h oard f rom Hagbourne H ill i n B erkshire. B urgess I IIA

w ith

( 1968

a nd

1 974)

l eaf-shaped

h as

b lades

s hown t hat

a nd

I V

s pearheads

b elong

n ot

o f C lasse I II,

o nly

t o

t he

M iddle

B ronze A ge b ut w ere c urrent p robably i n t he A cton P ark p hase a nd m ore c ertainly i n t he T aunton p hase. H e h as a lso p ostulated t hat C lass I IIA w ith s traight b ased b lades f irst a ppeared i n t he t ransitional P enard p hase.

C lass I VB i s d ealt w ith l ater.

M ETAL J EWELLERY T he o nly s urviving i tem o f m etal j ewellery o f t he M iddle B ronze A ge f rom t he

a rea

i s

t he g old

a rmlet

f rom S tanton,

S taffordshire

( 823).

I t i s m ade o f c oiled, t wisted g old b ar w ith p lain r ounded f unnel-shaped t erminals a nd i s p aralleled b y a g old t ore f rom F oulsham, N orfolk 977, p late I ) a nd i s n ot d issimilar t o t orcs o f t wisted b ronze ( Green 1 r od b ut

w ith

s imple h ooked t erminals

s uch a s

t hat

f rom S toke F erry,

N orfolk ( ibid, f ig 4 1). I t c an b e a ssigned t o t he O rnament Horizon a nd t he T aunton i ndustrial p hase. A s imilar g old a rmlet, n ow l ost, w as s aid t o h ave b een

f ound a t P attingham,

S taffordshire.

H OARDS T he o nly r ecorded M iddle B ronze A ge h oard f rom t he a rea i s a l ost o ne

f rom Norbury,

h ill"

i n

u nlooped

a bout

S taffordshire,

1 800

p alstaves

a nd a nd

w hich

w hich

a ppears

f ragments

a dditions a nd c orrections t o 1 798

o f

w as t o

d iscovered

h ave

r apiers

( 2),

o r

i n

c omprised s words

a " gravel l ooped a nd

( Shaw

1 801,

2 ). T he u nlooped p alstave f rom

Norbury ( 762) o f G roup I I a lready r eferred t o m ay b e a s tray f rom t his h oard. T he d istribution o f M iddle B ronze A ge M etalwork f rom t he s tudy a rea i s s hown o n M ap Z .

L ATE B RONZE AGE M ETALWORK I n s outhern E ngland t he c ommencement

o f t he L ate B ronze A ge a bout

1 000 B C w as s ignalled b y a t echnological c hange i n t he i ntroduction o f b ronze d eliberately a lloyed w ith l ead a t t he e xpense o f c opper i n p lace o f t he s tandard t in-bronze a lloy,

t his c hange b eing e xemplified

b y t he W ilburton c omplex o f s outhern E ngland. T here i s l ittle W ilburton

5 2

m etalwork f rom S cotland a nd I reland a nd e ven l ess f rom n orthern E ngland a nd f rom W ales. I n n orthern E ngland t he b eginning o f t he L ate B ronze A ge i n a bout t in-bronze

9 50 B C w as m arked b y t he W allington t radition, c ontinued

t o

b e

u sed

a nd

m any

P enard

i n w hich

t ypes

o f

t he

t ransitional p hase b etween t he M iddle a nd L ate B ronze A ge c ontinued a s a m ajor e lement. T he 7 00

f ollowing Ewart P ark p hase c ommenced s ometime b etween 8 00 a nd

B C

a nd

w as

m arked

b ronze w orking,

b y

a w ider

r ange

o f p roducts

i ncluding

s heet

g reater q uantities o f m etalwork a nd a m uch i ncreased

n umber o f h oards.

D uring t his p hase h orses a nd w heeled v ehicles w ere

i n u se i n B ritain a s

e videnced b y t he f inds o f h arness a nd

f ittings.

T he Ewart P ark p hase i s r epresented b y t he C arp's T ongue m etalworking t radition

i n

s outhern

E ngland

a nd

t he

H eathery

B urn

t radition

i n

n orthern E ngland. I n a bout 6 50 B C H allstatt C , t hat i s e arly C ontinental I ron A ge, d id n ot

i nfluences b egan t o p enetrate s outhern E ngland b ut p robably

r each n orthern E ngland t o a ny s ignificant

e xtent u ntil a bout

5 50 B C o r e ven l ater. H OARDS L ate B ronze A ge m etalwork i n t he a rea i s r epresented i n p articular b y t he h oards f rom B eacon H ill ( 832, 8 85, 8 87, 8 98 a nd 9 00), C ottesmore ( 826, 8 35, 8 69, 8 70, 8 77, 8 83, 9 01 t o 9 03 a nd 9 05), K etton ( 830, 8 36, 8 39 t o 8 44,

8 50,

8 51,

8 54,

t o 8 65 a nd 8 80),

8 61

M eriden

( 874 a nd 8 75)

a nd Welby ( 849, 8 58, 8 59, 8 76, 8 91 a nd 9 17 t o 9 27); t he l ost h oards f rom Armitage ( 837 a nd 8 82) a nd H usband's B osworth ( 833, 8 34, 8 55, 8 56 a nd

9 06

t o

9 13);

a nd

w hich a re d escribed i llustrations.

t he i n

l ost t he

h oards

f rom

c atalogue

E ssendine a nd

b ut

o f

w hich

S henstone,

t here

a re

n o

S OCKETED A XES S ome 4 7 s ocketed a xes h ave b een d iscovered i n t he a rea,

2 8 o f t hem

4i n t he C ottesmore h oard, 1 6 n t he W elby h oard a nd 4 i n t he l ost H usband's i n t he K etton h oard, 3 i

i n h oards - 1 i n t he B eacon H ill h oard,

Bosworth h oard. I n a ddition t o t he 4 7, t here w ere p robably l ost E ssendine h oard a nd 2 i n t he S henstone h oard. O nly o ne s ocketed a xe ( 826) m oulding

e ven

a t

t he

m outh

1 0 i n t he

i s c ompletely p lain w ith l ittle i f a ny

a nd

i t

i s

d ifficult

t o

a ssign

i t

t o

a

p articular p hase. F our more ( 827 t o 8 30) a re p lain e xcept f or m oulding o f

t he

h oard, h oard,

m outh

a nd

c an

C ambridgeshire N orthumberland

Y orkshire

( ibid,

f ig

b e

c ompared

w ith

( Burgess 1 968 ( Burgess 1 968, 1 1.6);

a nd

e xamples

( 2), ( 1),

t hey

c an

p robably

c onsequence t o t he W ilburton/Wallington p hase. t he K etton

h oard

( 830)

w as

f rom

t he

W ilburton

f ig 9 .12), t he W allington f ig 9 .11) a nd D anes D yke, b e

H owever,

a ssigned

i n

t he o ne f rom

a ssociated w ith a c onsiderable n umber

o f

s ocketed a xes o f t he Ewart P ark p hase a nd i n c onsequence i t m ay b e o f t he n orthern t ype a s i n t he c ase o f o ne f rom t he E verthorpe h oard, Y orkshire

( Burgess

1 968

( 2),

f ig

1 8)

o r s outh-eastern t ype a s i n t he

c ase o f t hose f rom T an H ill, A ll C annings, W iltshire; n ear B ath, A von, 4) a nd Downton, W iltshire ( Moore a nd R owlands 1 972, N os. 4 2, 4 3 a nd 4 a nd t he R iver T hames, B attersea, G reater L ondon ( Burgess 1 968 ( 2),

f ig

1 3.5). S ix o f t he s ocketed a xes a re p lain b ut o f t he f aceted t ype 8 36).

T hese

c an b e

c ompared w ith

f aceted a xes

5 3

( 831

t o

f rom t he E aton h oard,

Norfolk ( Green 1 977, f ig 6 2 a nd 6 4) a nd o ne f rom U pton S cudamore, W iltshlre ( Moore a nd R owlands 1 972, N o. 4 5), w hich b elong t o t he E wart P ark

p hase.

t hree

T he m ost

v ertical

Y orkshire

n umerous

d ecorative

t ype

( 837

o f

t he

r ibs,

t o

8 49).

s ocketed

w hich

a xes

a re

a re g enerally

Y orkshire

t ype

t he

1 3

r eferred

s ocketed

w ith t o

a xes

a s a re

a ttributed t o t he H eathery B urn t radition o f t he Ewart P ark i ndustrial p hase. A nother s ocketed a xe h as 4 v ertical r ibs ( 850) a nd a f urther o ne h as 6 v ertical

r ibs

o f Y orkshire t ype.

I n a ddition t he a xe f rom W aterhouses ( 852) a ppears

( 851)

a nd b oth c an p robably b e c lassif ied a s

t o b e a llied t o t his t ype. E ight s ocketed a xes h ave d eepish v ertical i ndentations w ith c urved h eads r esulting i n a r ibbed e ffect ( 853 t o 8 60), b ut t he r ibs a re n ot p roud

o f

t he

f ace

a s

i n

t he

c ase

o f

t he

Y orkshire

t ype.

T hey

a re

p robably e ither a xes i mported f rom n orthern E urope o r c opies o f s uch a xes,

a lthough i n

t he

c ase

o f S candinavian o nes

t he t op

o f t he

l oop

m ore c ommonly c ommences a t t he t op o f t he c ollar a nd n ot a t t he b ottom. T hese

s ocketed

a xes

f rom

t he

a rea

a re

s imilar

t o

e xamples

M anton C opse h oard, W iltshire ( Annable a nd S impson 1 964, 6 05)

a nd P enrith,

O ne i n

C umbria

s ocketed a xe

r elief a nd

c an

f rom

b e

( Burgess

1 968

t he K etton

c ompared

w ith

( 1),

h oard

f ig

( 861)

a s omewhat

f rom t he

Nos.

6 04 a nd

1 6.8). h as

i m itation w ings

s im ilar

o ne

f rom

t he

8), a nd a nother f rom t he F oulsham h oard, N orfolk ( Green 1 977, f ig 4 s ame s ource ( 862) i s d ecorated w ith i ndented c urves a nd h as s ome s imilarity t o o nes f rom t he W atton h oard,

N orfolk

( ibid,

f ig 5 8)

a nd

O ldbury C amp, W iltshire ( Annable a nd S impson 1 964, N o. 6 10). T hese c an b e a llocated t o t he Ewart P ark p hase. Two o ther s ocKeted a xes f rom t he K etton h oard b e

c ompared

( 863 a nd 8 64) w ith

o ne

a re d ecorated w ith t hree r oundels a nd c an

f rom

L udgershall,

W iltshire

( ibid,

a lthough i n t he l atter c ase t he t wo, a s o pposed t o t hree, m ore

e laborate.

T hey

a re

p robably

c ontemporary

w ith

N o.

6 11),

r oundels a re

t he

Ewart

P ark

p hase. A nother s ocketed a xe f rom t he K etton h oard ( 865) h as t hree v ertical r ibs w ith p ellets a t t he t op o f t he r ibs. E xamples f rom

977, f ig 5 7), t he E aton h oard, F rettenham C ommon, N orfolk ( Green 1 N orfolk ( ibid, f ig 6 3) a nd " near S alisbury", W iltshire ( Moor a nd R owlands

1 972,

o f t he r ibs; o f b ronze

N o.

5 2)

h ave v ertical r ibs w ith p ellets a t

t he b ottom

a nd a nother o f t his t ype w as f ound i n t he L lyn F awr h oard

i mplements w ith a n

i ron

s word,

w hich

s uggests

a l ate

d ate

i n t he L ate B ronze A ge. O f p articular i nterest

a re t he t wo B reton t ype s ocketed a xes f rom

866) a nd " Derbyshire" ( 867). T his t ype o f a xe i s b elieved J ericho L odge ( t o h ave

b een

s urvival

i n

i mported t he

f rom

L ate

B rittany,

B ronze

A ge.

I t

a nd

t here

h as

b een

C ornwall, o n t he s outh c oast f rom D orset t o K ent, a nd i n C ambridgeshire;

a nd i t

i s

e vidence

f ound

o f

l ate

p rincipally

i n

i n t he T hames V alley

h as b een s uggested o n t he b asis o f t he

h igh p roportion o f B reton s ocketed a xes w hich s till r etain t heir c lay c ores t hat t hey h ad s ome c eremonial r ather t han p ractical u se. However, t he o ne f rom J ericho L odge h as a n a ncient b reakage a round t he s ocket mouth a nd o n o ne f ace n ear t he c utting e dge, w hich c ould i ndicate p ractical u se r ather t han r itual d estruction. T he

s ocketed

a xe

f rom

( 868)

S yston

g rooves i s d ifficult t o p lace,

w ith

t hree

n arrow

v ertical

a nd i ts g enuiness h as b een q uestioned.

869 a nd T he f ragments o f f our c utting e dges f rom t he C ottesmore h oard ( 8 70),

G lenfield

( 871)

a nd

L angham

5 1 4

( 872)

a re

i nsufficient

t o

p ermit

i dentification. T he h alf m ould f or a Y orkshire t ype s ocketed a xe w hich w as a s tray

f ind a t B eacon H ill

( 873)

i s m ade

o f b ronze,

t he u se o f

s tone moulds f or c asting s ocketed a xes d uring t his p eriod b eing c onfined t o S outh-West E ngland a nd S outh W ales. H owever, i t s eems t hat c lay moulds were u sed

i n t he L ate Bronze A ge

f or

c asting

s words

a nd

s pearheads. A ll s ocketed a xes f rom t he a rea a re s tray f inds e xcept f or t hose c ontained i n h oards. S WORDS A ND B LADES T here a re f our s urviving s words a nd a f ragment o f a nother f rom t he a rea. T he t wo s words f rom M eriden ( 874 a nd 8 75) w ere p art o f a h oard o f f our, t he o ther t wo b eing l ost, a nd a re o f t he Ewart P ark t ype; l ikew ise

t he

s word

f rom

t he

W elby

h oard

( 876)

a nd

t he

l ost

a nd

e xample

f rom A lton ( 878) a re o f t hat t ype. T he l eaf-shaped s word f rom S tanton P ark ( 879) i s s o m uch d amaged a nd c orroded t hat i t c annot b e p ositively i dentified, a h oard,

a nd t he f ragment f rom C ottesmore

i s

s o

s mall

t hat

f rom t he K etton h oard r are

t ype,

t he

i t

( 880)

m oulding

i s

i s

( 877), w hich w as p art o f

u nidentifiable.

a f ine

w here

t he

T he

s ocketed

e xample o f t his s ocket

m eets

k nife

c omparitively

t he

b lade

b eing

p articularly n oteworthy. I t h as s ome s imilarity t o o ne f rom t he E aton h oard, Norfolk ( Green 1 977, f ig 6 7), a nd i n b oth c ases t he s hape o f t he b lade l inks t hem t o t he p hase.

C arp's T ongue

c omplex

o f t he E wart

P ark

S PEARHEADS T he

s ocketed

s pearhead

w ith

p rotected

o penings

o f

u ncertain

p rovenance, p ossibly f rom S taffordshire ( 881), b elongs t o C lass I VB a nd i s s imilar t o o ne f rom t he W allington h oard, N orthumberland ( Burgess

1 968

( 1),

f ig

1 0.1)

a nd o thers f rom M alham M oor,

Y orkshire;

t he R ipon a rea, Y orkshire; a nd t he F arnley h oard, N orthumberland ( ibid, f ig

1 4.2

3 a nd f ig

a nd

3a nd

1 5.2,

1).

I t

c an

b e

a ssigned

t o

t he

W allington t radition o f t he W ilburton/Wallington i ndustrial p hase. C lass V s ocketed, b y

8 e xamples

h oards

w ith

i ntroduced

t hree f rom

t ransitional

l eaf-shaped, 8 83,

( 882,

8 85

e xceptions

t he

Penard

p egged

t o 8 89

( 886,

C ontinent p hase

i n

b ut

s pearheads

a nd 8 91)

8 88

8 89).

a nd

l imited

i t

a re

a nd a ll

T his

q uantities

b elongs

r epresented

w ere

f ound t ype

d uring

p rincipally

i n w as t he

t o

t he

W ilburton/Wallington i ndustrial p hase. I n a ddition t o t hese e ight, t he

884), b ut i n s and f ragment o f u ncertain p rovenance f ound a t I ngarsby ( a nd g ravel b rought f rom t he R iver T rent, i s p robably p art o f a C lass V s pearhead, s pearhead

686, o f 1

a lthough

i t

c ould

f rom W hitegreave

b e

( 890),

f rom

a C lass

o f w hich t he

IIA I

o ne.

T he

l ost

o nly i llustration

i s

c annot b e p ositively i dentified a s t he b ase o f t he s ocket

i s

m issing, b ut i t m ay w ell h ave b een o f C lass V . T he p oint o f as pearhead f rom L athkill D ale T he

f ine

( 892)

s pearhead

i s

s o s mall a s t o b e u nidentifiable.

f rom F enny

B entley

( 894),

w hich

i s

s ocketed,

l eaf-shaped a nd p egged, b elongs t o C lass V B a nd c an b e d istinguished f rom C lass V b y i ts d iamond-shaped c ross s ection a nd t he s hortness o f t he s ocket b elow t he b lade. I t i s s imilar t o a n e xample f rom t he R iver T hames a t R ichmond, G reater L ondon ( Greenwell a nd B rewis 1 909, f ig 4 5), a nd i t i s o f p articular i mportance t hat t he F enny B entley o ne i s a ssociated w ith t wo b ronze p ins ( 921 a nd 9 22) w hich a re d iscussed b elow.

5 5

M ETAL J EWELLERY T he L ate B ronze A ge i n t he a rea, a s i n e arlier p eriods, i s n ot w ell e ndowed w ith

f inds

o f g oldwork,

b ut

t here i s

o ne

g old b racelet

f rom

S tanton, S taffordshire ( 897). I t h as a f lat s ection n arrowing t owards t he t erminals, t he l atter h aving b een h ammered i nto a f lat, r oughly o val f orm,

a nd i t

i s s imilar t o a g old b racelet

f rom t he L incolnshire

F ens i n t he A shmolean M useum ( 1927. 2 956) b elonging t o t he Ewart P ark p hase. T he b adly c orroded b ronze p enannular b racelet f rom t he B eacon H ill h oard ( 898)

i s r ound i n s ection a nd h as e xpanded t erminals w hich

a re n ot c upped. S uch b racelets a re r egarded a s o f I rish t ype a nd u sually m ade o f g old,

a nd

t he Beacon H ill b ronze

e xample

i s

s imilar t o g old

f rom t he S porle h oard, N orfolk ( Green 1 977, p late I I.1) a nd f rom

o nes

H illhead, W ick, H ighland R egion; O rmidale, B rodick i n A rran; a nd P enninghame i n G alloway R egion, t hese l ast t hree b eing i n t he N ational M useum o f A ntiquities o f S cotland i n E dinburgh. O f t he t wo b ronze

p ins

f rom F enny B entley

( 895 a nd

8 96),

w hich h as a h ead moulded i n a v ase-like f orm w ith a f lat

t he o ne

c ircular t op

a nd i s 1 5.3 c m l ong ( 896) i s o f p articular i nterest. I t i s s imilar t o a b ronze p in 9 .7 c m l ong w ith a v ase-like h ead a nd a f lat r ound t op f ound i n t he h earth o r o ccupation s tratum o verlying t he f illing o f a s teep s ided, f lat b ottomed d itch c ut i n t he c halk a t T otternhoe, B edfordshire,

w ith

c harcoal,

b urnt

e arth,

f lints,

a

s mall

f lint

s craper, f ragments o f a nimal b one a nd p ieces o f p ottery. Hawkes ( 1940) t ook t he v iew t hat t he T otternhoe p in w as a d egenerate v ersion o f t he v ase-headed e specially

p ins

o f

t he

d istinctive

U rnfield o f

C ulture

t he

W est

o n

t he

A lpine

A lpine

C ontinental L ate Bronze Age, H allstatt A a nd B p eriod, a s 1 000 t o 8 00 B C; h e a ssigned i t

s lopes

l a i :e-dwellers

o f

a nd t he

w hich h e d ated

b ut o n t he b asis o f p ottery a ssociated w ith t he p in

t o t he

v ery

e nd

o f t he B ritish l owland Bronze A ge

o r

t he t ransition t o t he I ron A ge a bout t he 6 th o r 5 th C entury B C. H owever, i n h is f oreword t o Matthews ( 1976) Hawkes d ated t he T otternhoe p in a t a bout 7 00 B C. T he

p enannular

a lternate

r ing

t ransverse

f rom

l ayers

Mancetter

r evised

( 893)

o f g old a nd

i s

s liver,

h is

j udgment

e ither

o f

a lthough

g old

i t

a nd

o r

a ppears

t o b e o f t he f ormer; a nd s imilar r ings h ave b een f ound a t R ustington, S ussex, a nd Dorchester, Dorset. T here i s a l arge s eries f rom I reland o f

s mall

p enannular

p ieces

c ommonly

k nown

a s

" ring m oney",

m any

o f

w hich c omprise a lternate l ayers o f g old a nd s liver, a lthough s ome h ave a c ore o f b ase metal w ith a t hin c overing o f g old. S OCKETED B RONZE I MPLEMENTS A ND T OOLS T he s ocketed t he a t

s ickle

c lassification t he

e nd

o f t he

v ertically. W iltshire N orwich

I t

f rom n ear D erby

o f F ox b lade,

i s

( 1939), w hereas

h is

( 899)

s ocket

e xamples

f rom

( Annable a nd S impson

1 964, No.

2 43)

f ig 9 1

b elongs t o G roup I o f b eing p laced

G roup I I

t o

( Green 1 977,

s imilar

t he

s ickles

l aterally

a re

s ocketed

W interbourne

M onkton,

a nd f rom " Norfolk" a nd

a nd 9 2). M ost o f t he s ocketed c arpenters'

t ools f rom t he s tudy a rea h ave b een f ound i n h oards. T here a re 8 s ocketed g ouges ( 900 t o 9 04 a nd 9 06 t o 9 08) a nd 6 s ocketed c hisels ( 905, f inds.

9 09 t o 9 12 a nd 9 14), T he

s ole

e xample

o nly o ne o f e ach ( 904 a nd 9 14)

f rom

t he

a rea

b eing s tray

o f a t anged b ronze c hisel

i s

f rom B iggin G range ( 916), w hich c an p robably b e a ssigned t o t he Ewart P ark p hase. I t i s s imilar t o t anged c hisels f rom C oleman's B ottom, E ast K ennet, W iltshire ( Annable a nd S impson 1 964, N o.

5 6

6 12), t he E aton

h oard. N orfolk ( Green 1 977, 8 3 a nd 8 4) a nd D oncaster, S outh Y orkshire ( Burgess 1 968 ( 1), f ig 7 .2). A n u nusual i tem i s t he s ocketed m acehead f rom D erbyshire ( 915) w ith t hrPe s ets o f f our s pikes, w hich i s s imilar t o o ne f rom G reat B edwyn, W iltshire, i n t he B ritish M useum B ronze A ge, 1 904, f ig 6 4).

( BM G uide t o t he A ntiquities o f t he

M ISCELLANEOUS M ETAL O BJECTS T he m ost o utstanding o f t he L ate B ronze A ge 1 1, -) ards o f t he s tudy i s t he W elby h oard. I n a ddition t o t he t hree s ocke , -M a xes, t he

-ea

s word

a nd

t he

s pearhead

a lready

r eferred

t o,

t here

a re

a t erminal

m ounting ( 918) a nd a r ing w ith l oop a ttachment ( 920), b ut o f p articular i ntPre t a re a b ronze b owl ( 917), f ive d isc s lides ( 919 a nd 9 21 t o 9 24), a d isc m ount ( 925) a nd t wo c ruciform h andle a ttachments ( 926 a nd 2 27). T he c arinated b ronze b owl, w hich w as c ast, s eems s uprisingly s mall w hen p hysically e xamined, a nd i ts s urface i s w ell f inished a nd v ery s mooth. T he l ower p art o f t he b ody i s p lain, b ut t he u pper p ortion i s d ecorated w ith f ive h orizontal, p arallel g rooves w hich o nly a ppear o n t he o uter s urface, t he i nterior b eing s mooth. T he b owl i s b elieved t o b e u nique b oth i n t he B ritish I sles a nd o n t he C ontinent, b ut i ts f orm h as s imilarities t o p ottery f rom A ll C annings C ross, W iltshire, a nd p erhaps f rom M innis B ay, B irchington i n K ent. I n I nventaria A rchaeologica G B 2 4 i t w as s uggested t hat s uch p ottery i n w esterly r egions o f E urope s urvived i nto t he H allstatt C p eriod. T he f ive c onical d isc s lides h ave f our t angs e ach a t t he b ack w hich a re j oined i n a f lat r ing l eaving f our s lots t hrough w hich t wo s traps m ay h ave b een t hreaded a t r ight a ngles t o e ach o ther, a nd t hey m ay h ave b een u sed e ither f or t he d ecoration o f a p erson o r h is e quipment o r h is h orse h arness. E ight d isc s lides w hich a re s omewhat s imilar b ut s maller a nd m ore h eavily m ade w ere f ound i n t he P arc-y-Meirch h oard i n C lwyd, N orth W ales, a nd s imilar s trap-crossings w ere c ommon i n c entral E uropean L ate U rnfield-Hallstatt C c ultures t hough g enerally w ith p lainer d isc t ops. T he s ingle d isc m ount i s i n a f orm a pparently u nique b oth i n t he B ritish I sles a nd o n t he C ontinent. T he t wo c ruciform h andle a ttachments a re t he o nly o nes k nown t o h ave b een f ound i n t he B ritish I sles, w ith t he p ossible e xception o f f ragments f rom A dabrock, L ewis ( Megaw a nd S impson, 1 979, 3 11, f ig 6 .29-11), b ut t hey a re o f a t ype k nown i n I taly, c entral E urope, F rance a nd S candinavia. S uch h andle a ttachments w ere u sually m ounted i n o verlapping p airs o n o pposite s ides o f a c auldron, a nd h andles o f b ent b ronze r ods w ere h ooked t hrough t he l oops o f e ach p air. A c auldron w ith s imilar h andle a ttachments w as f ound i n a h oard a t U nter G lauheim i n B avaria ( Powell 1 950), s uch a ttachments b eing s aid t o b e o f e ither L ate U rnfield o r H allstatt C p eriod. K romer ( 1959) i llustrated t wo c ruciform h andle a ttachments f rom H allstatt i tself, b ut t hey a re n ot e ntirely s imilar. I n t he c ase o f t he o ne f rom H allstatt g rave 6 00 ( Table 1 13, f ig 1 ) t he l ower l imb o f t he c ross i s m uch l onger a nd m ore e laborate, a nd t he o ther f rom g rave 6 96 ( Table 1 26, f ig 2 ) i s a d ouble c ruciform. T he b owl, t he d isc s lides, t he d isc m ount a nd t he c ruciform h andle a ttachments m ay w ell h ave b een i mports o r i ntrusions f rom t he C ontinent,

p ossibly d irectly o r i ndirectly f rom c entral E urope.

Powell ( 1948) t hought t hat t hese i tems b elonged t o t he v ery e nd o f t he L ate B ronze A ge o r t he E arly I ron A ge i n B ritain b etween 5 50 a nd 5 00 B C, a nd I nventaria A rchaeologica G B 2 4 s uggested t hat t hey b elonged 5 7

i n C ontinental t erms t o e ither t he L ate U rnfield o r t he e arly H allstatt C p eriod a nd n eed n ot b e l ater t han 6 50 t o 6 00 B C. C hampion ( 1975) t ook t he v iew t hat t he U rnfield p arallels o f t he h andle f ittings i ndicated a m uch e arlier d ate, t he p arallel w ith t he Unter G lauheim h oard p ointing t o M uller K arpe's H allstatt B 1 a nd t he 1 0th C entury B C. T he d istribution o f L ate B ronze A ge m etalwork f rom t he a rea i s s hown o n M ap A A.

5 8

B C

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CHAPTER

8

Conc lus ions

T aking i nto a ccount t he f acts a nd d iscussion c ontained i n t he p receding c hapters t he f ollowing g eneral c onclusions a re r eached ( a)

The

s tudy a rea i s o f c onsiderable s ize,

s quare

k ilometres

( or

3 135

s quare

b eing a pproximately 8 120

m iles),

a nd

i t

s upported

Neolithic a nd B ronze A ge c ultures o f s ome i mportance a nd o f w hich a l arge n umber o f r emains h ave b een d iscovered. ( b)

T he H ighland Z one, w hich i s o nly 9 20 s quare k ilometres o r 1.3 p er c ent o f t he a rea, i s n ot o nly a n i ntegral p art o f t he M iddle a nd U pper T rent Basin b ut i t h as t he f ortunate e ffect o f a llowing c omparative s tudy t o b e m ade b etween i t a nd t he L owland Z one.

( c)

( d)

W ithin t he H ighland Z one

t he

D erwent w as o f p aramount

i mportance.

s ector

a

b etween t he R ivers Dove a nd

T he m aterial i n t he s tudy a rea w hich c an b e a ssigned t o t he E arlier N eolithic i s l imited a nd m ay b e e vidence o f as mall p ioneer f arming p opulation. T here a ppears t o b e ab alance i n f avour o f t he L owland Z one,

w hich m ay

i ndicate a p reference o f t he e arliest

f armers i n

t he a rea f or t he a lluvium a nd g ravels o f t he r iver v alleys i n t he L owland

Z one.

W ithin

t he

H ighland

Z one

t he

s ector

b etween

t he

R ivers Dove a nd Derwent a chieved a p opularity w hich w as t o c ontinue i nto t he L ate B ronze A ge. ( e)

I n

t he

L ater

both zones,

N eolithic

t here

w as

g reatly

i ncreased

a ctivity

i n

b ut t he H ighland Z one a ttained a p re-eminent p osition

w hich w as t o

l ast

t he H ighland

Z one t he

D ove a nd D erwent

u ntil

t he

e nd

c entre

a nd a lmost

o f t he E arly B ronze A ge.

o f a ctivity w as

W ithin

b etween t he R ivers

e xclusively o n t he l imestone.

I n t he

L owland Z one a ctivity w as o n a s maller s cale, w idely d ispersed a nd m ostly i n t he r iver v alleys. I t i s ar easonable d eduction t hat t he s mall

H ighland Z one

s upported a f ar g reater

p opulation t han t he

l arge L owland Z one. ( f)

D uring t he Neolithic t here w as a n e xtensive " trade" a s

f ar

North

a field W ales,

a s Northern I reland, S outh W est

W ales

a nd

C umbria, C ornwall.

i n a xes f rom

N orth E ast F urther,

E ngland,

t here w ere

l ocal s upplies o f s uitable s tone f or a xes i n C harnwood F orest a nd n ear N uneaton.

( g )

I n t he T ransitional P eriod a nd t he E arly B ronze A ge t he p re-eminent p osition o f t he H ighland Z one c ontinued. W ithin t he H ighland Z one a ctivity a lso c ontinued t o b e c oncentrated b etween t he R ivers D ove a nd

D erwent

a nd

t here

i s

e vidence

o f

a r elatively

p rosperous

c ommunity. I t a lso a ppears t hat w ithin t he H ighland Z one t here w as a n e xtension o f a ctivity t o t he m illstone g rit l ands, b ut i t w ould b e e rroneous t o s uggest t hat t here w as a w holesale m ovement f rom owland Z one t he l imestone t o t he m illstone g rit l ands. I n t 1.9 L a ctivity,

a s

i n t he L ater N eolithic,

w as o n a s maller

s cale t han

i n t he H ighland Z one a nd c ontinued t o b e w idely d ispersed a nd g enerally l imited t o t he r iver v alleys. T here m ay h ave b een a n i ncrease i n c ultivation a s d istinct f rom s tock L owland Z one c ompared w ith t he H ighland Z one. ( h)

r earing

i n

t he

I n t he M iddle B ronze A ge t he l evel o f a ctivity i n t he H ighland Z one d eclined v ery s harply p robably d ue t o c limatic d eterioration a nd s oil e rosion o r s oil e xhaustion, a nd t he p reponderance o f a ctivity b ecame f irmly r ooted i n t he L owland Z one w here i t h as r emained e ver s ince. W ithin t he s everely d epleted H ighland Z one, t he a rea b etween t he R ivers D ove a nd D erwent c ontinued t o b e f avoured b y t hose w ho l ived i n t he H ighlands. I n t he L owland Z one t here a ppears t o h ave b een a n u psurge i n c learance a nd a griculture i nvolving s ome e xpansion o ut o f t he r iver v alleys o nto t he e dges o f C harnwood F orest, o f t he J urassic S carpland, o f N eedwood F orest a nd o f C annock C hase, a reas w hich h ad p reviously b een a voided.

( i)

I n t he L ate B ronze A ge t he g reater l evel o f a ctivity i n t he L owland Z one t han t he H ighland Z one w hich p revailed i n t he M iddle B ronze A ge c ontinued. H owever,

i t a ppears t hat t here w as a c onsiderable

d ecline i n a ctivity w ithin t he L owland Z one i tself p robably a s a r esult o f a f urther d eterioration o f c limate o r s ome o ther c ause s uch a s d isease.

15 1

APPEND ICES

A PPENDIX

1

A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS T ribute

h as

a lready

a nd P aul A shbee.

b een

p aid

i n t he I ntroduction

t o J effrey May

I a m g rateful t o t he f ollowing p ersons w ho a lso d id

much t o a ssist m e -R.W.Adams, D ivisional E ngineer, S evern-Trent W ater A uthority; L eicester; P .Beswick, C urator,

G .Bachelor; L .Barrow, A ssistant, J ewry W all P .J.Bemrose, C urator, N ewcastle-under-Lyme K eeper o f A ntiquities,

B uxton M useum ;

I .E.Burton, H all;

f ormerly

B .Clayton,

T .H.McK.Clough, North

A rchaeology,

C urator,

Keeper

B uxton M useum ;

A .Chalmers

W arwickshire

R utland C ounty M useum;

A rchaeological

U niversity

o f

T rust;

L ondon;

M .J.Bishop,

L eicestershire M useums S ervice;

o f A rchaeology,

K eeper,

Derbyshire

S heffield C ity M useum;

R .J.Buckley,

M useum, M useum;

o f W itherly

C ounty M useum;

T .Courtney,

J .Craddock,

M .D.Cra'ster,

D irector,

I nstitute

A ssistant

o f

C urator,

U niversity M useum o f Archaeology a nd A nthropology, C ambridge; M .Craven, A ssistant K eeper o f A rchaeology, D erby Museum; J .Dool, f ormerly A ssistant Keeper o f A rchaeology, D erby M useum; C .E.A.Dudley, K eeper

o f

A rchaeology,

B righton

M useum ;

C .J.Eccleston,

M useum

A ssistant, S tafford M useum ; I .Edelman, K eeper o f A ntiquities, R otherham M useum; S .Elsden; D .Field, D epartment o f G eology, U niversity o f Nottingham;

J .Greaves,

f ormerly K eeper o f A rchaeology,

S toke-on-

T rent M useum; C .R.Hart, f ormerly o f t he N orth D erbyshire A rchaeological T rust; E .Hartley, Keeper o f Archaeology, Y orkshire M useum ; F .Hartley, A ssistant A rchaeology S urvey Officer, J ewry W all M useum, L eicester; C .F.Hawke-Smith,

Keeper

o f

A rchaeology,

S toke-on-Trent

M useum;

J .P.Heathcote, o wner o f B irchover M useum; M .J.Hewlett, L ibrarian, L ong Eaton

P ublic

M useum;

L ibrary;

M .J.Isaac,

Further,

I a m

W .Huddle,

A ssistant

M useum S uperintendent, i ndebted

t o

J .H.Kelly,

S toke-on-Trent M useum; I .A.Kinnes, Prehistoric a nd Romano-British R .H.Lockley, Bradley,

P rincipal

T rent

A .G.MacCormick, M useum; M useum,

S enior

N .Maunder, C hester;

a nd M useum,

A rea

V alley

S .Muldoon,

C oventry;

L ibrarian,

K eeper

o f

S ocial

C ity

H istory,

B urton-upon-Trent;

H uman

P rinter;

R esearch

H istory,

C .N.Moore,

K eeper o f F olk L ife,

P .Neeld,

S heffield

A ssistant K eeper, D epartment o f A ntiquities, B ritish M useum;

A rchaeological

K eeper,

M aster

K eeper,

S wansea M useum.

K eeper,

S .Losco-

C ommittee;

N ottingham C urator,

C astle

G rosvenor

H erbert A rt G allery

L ocal a nd I ndustrial H istory,

W olverhampton M useum; G .W.Nichols, C urator, J ohnson B irthplace M useum, L ichfield;

C .F.O'Brien,

R esearch

C ommittee;

Archaeology,

B irmingham

f ormerly

o f t he T rent V alley A rchaeological

J .Pierson-Jones, M useum ;

K eeper,

A .J.N.Prag,

D epartment

K eeper

o f

o f

A rchaeology,

M anchester M useum; E .J.Priestly, C urator, R owley's M useum, S hrewsbury; J .Rhodes, S enior M useum Officer, M useum o f S taffordshire L ife, S hugborough; R .A.Rutland, K eeper o f A ntiquities, J ewry W all M useum, L eicester;

A .G.Sherratt,

A shmolean

M useum,

C .J.Stapleton, F isheries a nd A .C.Ward

A ssistant K eeper, D epartment o f A ntiquities,

O xford;

J .Smith,

C urator,

S tamford

M useum;

S enior Research Officer, M inistry o f A griculture, F ood; C .F.Tarjan, C urator, T amworth a . stle M useum;

o f F isherwick Farm ;

F .Waters,

1 16

f ormerly A ssistant

K eeper

o f

A rchaeology,

D erby M useum ;

R .R.Westmoreland a nd o ther m embers o f t he

s taff o f t he N ottingham P ost; H .Wheeler, D irector, T rent V alley A rchaeological R esearch C ommittee; A .J.White, K eeper o f A rchaeology, L incolnshire C ity a nd C ounty M useum ; E .White, C urator, L eek A rt G allery;

G .Wilson f ormerly R esearch A ssistant,

B ritish M useum.

M y t hanks a re d ue t o t he f ollowing p ersons a nd i nstitutions w ho p ermitted m e t o m ake u se o f v arious i llustrations w here t he a rtifacts w ere l ost o r i naccessible -P.Beswick, 9 a nd 1 49; B irmingham a nd W arw ickshire A rchaeological S ociety, 6 7 a nd 8 00; J .M.Coles a nd 4, 8 3, 17, D .D.A.Simpson, 9 8; D erbyshire A rchaeological S ociety, 4

1 63, 2 61, 2 66 t o 2 69, 2 74, 2 75, 2 77 t o 2 82, 2 96, 3 67, 3 72 t o 3 75, 3 92 t o 3 95, 4 42, 5 33 t o 5 35, 5 48, 5 49 a nd 9 76 t o 9 80; C .R.Hart, 1 68; L eicestershire

A rchaeological

a nd

A rchaeologica, 3 38, 7 42, B ritish M useum, 7 67 a nd

H istorical

S ociety,

69; 6

5 23, 7 95, 8 15 a nd 8 71; I nventaria

L eicestershire M useums S ervice, 2 4,

8 76 a nd 9 17; N ational B ronze I ndex a t t he 7 68; N orth S taffordshire J ournal o f F ield

S tudies, 3 46; P rehistoric S ociety, 7 11 a nd 8 99; S heffield C ity M useum, 3 40, 3 60, 3 65, 3 68 t o 3 71, 3 83, 4 63, 5 76, 6 05a a nd 8 08; S ociety o f A ntiquaries

o f

L ondon,

3 42;

S outh

S taffordshire

A rchaeological

a nd

H istorical S ociety, 6 40, 6 70 t o 6 78 ( C.A.Smith) a nd 7 56 4, 1 12 a nd 1 36; S wansea ( A.J.H.Gunstone); S toke-on-Trent M useum, 6

75. T he m aps a re b ased o n t he O rdnance S urvey w ith t he M useum 7 58 a nd 7 p ermission o f t he C ontroller o f H er M ajesty's S tationery Office.

17 1

A PPENDIX 2 P OLISHED S TONE A XES

L EICESTERSHIRE L e

1

L e 3 L e 4 L e 5 L e L e L e L e L e L e L e

7 8 9 1 0 1 1 3 1 4

L e L e L e L e L e L e L e

1 5 1 7 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 5

L e 2 6 L e 2 8 L e 2 9 L e 3 2 L e 3 3 L e 3 5 L e 3 6 L e 3 7 L e 3 8 L e 3 9 L e 4 0 L e 4 3 L e 4 4 L e 4 6 L e 4 7 L e 5 1 L e 5 3 L e 5 4 L e 5 5 R ut 1 R ut 3 R ut 4 R ut 5 R ut 6 R ut 7

L eicester,

G ypsy L ane

B reedon o n t he H ill F rolesworth W altham ( or E aton) L eicester, H igh S treet S tathern S taunton H arold B reedon o n t he H ill G lenfield, T ournament R oad L eicester, B utt C lose L ane E aton, G oadby M arwood S toke G olding

S K 6 05 S K 4 08 S P 5 14 S K 8 03 S K 5 85 S K 7 7 S K 3 91 S K 4 08 S K 5 46

0 67

V I

2 33 9 10

g reenst o ne e pidiorite V I I X V I V I V I V II V II X X V I V I

2 73 0 45 3 1 2 02 29 2

C astle D onnington, P ark F m B elton, S pring B arrow L odge B elton, S pring B arrow L odge R atcliffe o n t he W reake C harley, G racedieu L eicester, A bbey M eadows

0 55 48 S K 5 86 0 S K 7 2 6 6 79 S P 3 9 9 7 S K 4 22 2 67 S K 4 49 1 79 S K 4 49 1 79 28 1 47 S K 6 46 1 S K 4 75 88 0 S K 5 61

L eicester, L eicester,

S K 6 05 0 67 64 S K 5 78 0

G ypsy L ane S omerset A venue

L eicester, B elgrave G ravel P it L oughborough, P ark L ane L eicester, N ew P arks L oughborough a rea N ear M arket H arborough G reat E aston F oston ( ?Kilby) M arket H arborough S meeton W esterby L eicester, A bbey P ump S treet S proxton L eicester,Western R oad S ham f ord W ymondham B reedon o n t he H ill G arthorpe W igston M agna, G lebe F arm M arket O verton T histleton O akham, V ale o f C atmose C ollege O akham, W arn C rescent G reat

C asterton

C ottesmore

S K 5 9 34 S K 5 61 S K 5

t uff X X X VIII X X V I V I V I

0 6

m icrodiorite

1 82

V I X VI

0 59 1 9 8 8

S K S P S P S P S P S P

7 3 8 47 9 28 9 4 6 0 7 44 8 75 26 6 87 9

S K S K S K S P S K S K

67 5 89 0 2 4 8 5 35 5 78 0 4 90 9 12 86 8 61 1 4 05 2 33

s andstone V I V I

S K S P S K S K

02 8 35 2 64 6 19 9 8 8 1 6 9 1 1 7

V I l ithic g reywacke

5 3

a mphibolite d olerite V I V I a mphibolite X VI

a cid t uff V I

V I q uartzite

6 0 8 S K 8 S K 8 49 0 85

V I V I

T F 0 0 S K 9 0

0 8 1 3

a cid t uff V II

6 47

V I

D ERBYSHIRE ( PART) D b

1

Y oulgreave,

S K 1 91

B ee L ow

18 1

D ERBYSHIRE D b D b D b

( PART)

3 9

Rowsley

S K 2 5

6 5

P arwich

S K

5 4

1 0

Hulland

S K 2 48 4 69 S K 1 86 4 02

V I

S K

X X

S K 2 2

5 85 6 0

S K 2 2

6 0

V I

D b

1

Y eaveley

D b

1 2

Hartington,

D b

1 4

E lton,

D b

1 5

E lton

D b

1 6

P ikehall

n ear B errycliffe ( near)

S tanton Moor

1 7

B irchover,

1 8

1 96

V I V II a mphibolite X V

( near C ork

S tone) D b

( Continued)

Barn F arm

S K 2 44

6 28

a ndesite

S K 2 44

6 23

V I

D b

1 8

A ldwark,

C urzon L odge

S K 2 3

5 6

V I

D b

1 9

A ldwark,

C urzon L odge

S K 2 3 S K 2 3

5 6

V I

5 6

X V

S K 2 3 S K 2 3 S K 2 3 S K 2 0

5 6 5 6 5 6

V I

5 9

V II

S K 2 3 S K 2 1

6 0

V I

D b

2 0

A ldwark,

C urzon L odge

D b

2 1

A ldwark,

C urzon Lodge

D b 2 2 D b 2 3

A ldwark,

C urzon L odge

A ldwark,

C urzon Lodge

D b 2 4

E lton M oor

D b

2 5

W inster,

D b D b

3 0 3 4

Y oulgreave A ldwark, G reenlow

D b D b

3 5 3 6

N ewhaven

n ear W inster H all

Hartington,

H igh Wheeldon

S K

D b

3 8

S tanton Moor

S K

D b

4 1

S K

D b 4 2

A rbor L ow A lvaston

D b

4 3

A shover

D b

4 4

A shover

S K S K

D b D b

4 5

B elper,

4 6

S K

B lackbrook

C hesterfield,

S K

D b

4 8

C ubley, Derby,

1 6 0 99 2 4 1 61 3 9 3 4 3 4 3 41

L odge Farm R owsley A venue

d olerite e pidiorite X X V II

V I

4 9

D uffield, E twall H eanor,

D b D b

5 7 5 8

Sawley, b ed o f T rent S outh N ormanton

7 S K 4 4 S K 4

Eaton Bank

72 S K 2 S K 4 54

L aceyfields R oad

D b

6 4

Walton D am

6 S K 3

D b

6 5

B akewell M oor

1 S K 2

D b

6 6

D b

6 7

Gratton Moor H arthill M oor

S K

D b

6 8

Hartington,

S K

1 9 S K 2 2

Bruncliffe

S K

1 62 1 6

D b 6 9 D b 7 0

N ewhaven Hartington,

F airground

S K

1 6

D b 7 1 D b 7 2

Hartington, F airground B iggin ( near)

S K S K

1 6 1 5

D b 7 3

N ewhaven

S K

1 6

D b

Newhaven Bank Farm

S K

1 66

H artington,

S K

1 6

Newhaven Farm

S K

1 72

N ewhaven L odge F arm

S K

1 52

7 7

V I

S K 3 39 S K 3 5

5 0 5 1

D b

t uff V I

V I

D b

D b 7 5 D b 7 6

V I

S K 3 00 53 7 64 58 3 S K 1

D b D b

7 4

5 9 6 64 6 3 6 36 3 3 6 3 6 3 4 85

Somersall

Hall Farm D b 4 7

6 4

S K 2 32 5 80 S K

d olerite V II

F airground

D b

7 8

Newhaven L odge Farm

S K

1 52

D b

7 9

N ewhaven L odge F arm

S K

1 52

D b D b

8 0 8 1

A leck L ow Newhaven L odge

S K S K

1 75 1 52

19 1

3 39 4 2 3 28 4 63 3 1 5 6 7 0 6 8 6 0 6 2 6 16 5 9 6 0 6 0 5 9 6 0 5 88 6 0 6 00 6 26 6 26 6 26 5 95 6 26

V II d olerite t uff X X e pidiorite V I b asalt t uff V I V I t uff e pidiorite e pidiorite t uff V I X V V I V I V II V II X X t.l ff g ranophyre

D ERBYSHIRE D b 8 2 D b 8 3 D b 8 5 D b 8 7 D b D b D b D b

8 8 8 9 9 0 9 1

D b 9 2 D b 9 3 D b 9 5 D b 9 6 D b D b D b D b

9 7 9 8 9 9 1 00

( PART)

B runcliffe F arm W ilton's L odge F arm Monyash ( near) A rbor L ow ( near)

( Continued) S K S K S K S K

1 62 1 52 1 5 1 6

6 16 6 26

6 6 6 3 S K 1 6 3 8 S K 1 8 6 3 S K 1 38 93 6 S K 1 7 6 3 S K 1 9 6 1 S K 1 8 6 0 S K 1 6 3 7 S K 1 6 5 S K 1 69 6 52 S K 2 3 6 6 S K 1 8 5 8 S K 1 5 6 8 S K 3 9 3 6

M iddleton, n ear B uddies M iddleton, n ear B uddies C ross P latts P lantation G reens e ats S merrill S merrill M oor M iddleton M oor M onyash ( near) Monyash, O ne A sh F arm H addon H all ( near) P arwich, G otham S heldon, H igh L ow H olymoorside

V I s andstone V II X X c hert X X V I t uff a ndesite V II V I X X d olerite V I V I

D b

1 01

W alton,

D b D b

1 02 1 03

Y oulgreave, H olmes Y oulgreave M oor

S K 2 1 S K 2 0

6 3 6 4

d olerite V I V I

D b D b

1 04 13 1

S K 2 1

6 4

d olerite .

S K 1 7

6 9

X X

D b

16 1

Y oulgreave A shford i n t he W ater, S hacklow A shford i n t he W ater, S hacklow

S K 1 7

6 9

V II

D b

1 18

A shford i n t he W ater, 6 9

t uff

1 19

S hacklow A shford i n t he W ater, S hacklow

S K 1 7

D b D b

1 21

D b D b

1 27 1 34

M iddleton b y Y oulgreave M onyash, O ne A sh F arm G reenseats

6 9 6 3 6 52 6 3

D b D b D b

1 37 1 38 1 40

A rbor L ow ( near) Monyash, n ear R icklow Q uarry O verhaddon

S K 1 7 S K 1 9 S K 1 69 S K 1 7 S K 1 6

5 S K 1 0 S K 2

D b

1 41

D b D b

1 42 1 43

H artington Moor H artington M oor Hartington, H indlow Q uarry

S K 1 4 4 S K 1 8 S K 0

D b D b

1 47 1 48

H artington, H indlow Q uarry Hartington, H indlow Q uarry

8 S K 0 8 S K 0 8 S K 0 8 S K 0

D b

1 49

H artington,

D b D b D b

1 50 1 51 1 52

Hartington, H indlow Q uarry H artington, H indlow Q uarry Hartington, B rierlow G range

H indlow Q uarry

D b D b D b

1 55 1 57 1 58

H artington, H indlow Q uarry H artington, H indlow Q uarry H artington,Hindlow Q uarry

8 S K 0 S K 0 8 8 S K 0

D b

1 60

H artington,

D b D b

1 61 1 63

H artington, D ow L ow Hartington, B rierlow

D b

1 65

E lton

S K

( ?) B onsall M oor

6 9

8 6 9 S K 0 96 6 91 S K 0

8 S K 0 0 S K 1 S K 0 8

B rierlow

6 3 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 1 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9

6 9 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 7

6 8 5 9 2 5 0 6 6 9 0 6 6 9 3 34 3 66

V I V II e pidiorite q uartzite V I V III V I X VIII V II V II V I

V I V I X X V I V I V I s andstone X X n ear X V X X V I g ranophyre

D b D b

1 67 1 68

S taker H ill S taker H ill

S K S K

D b D b

1 71 1 77

D erby, R adbourne S treet M iddleton

S K S K 1 9

6 3

V I V I

D b

1 85

A rbor L ow ( near)

6 S K 1

6 3

t uff

1 20

PART) D ERBYSHIRE (

( Continued)

D b D b D b

1 88 1 89 1 90

E lton, A stonhill E lton, A stonhill E lton, G ratton F arm

D b D b D b

1 91 1 97 1 98

D b D b D b D b D b

1 99 2 00 2 02 2 03 2 10

E lton, G ratton F arm E lton, G ratton F arm E lton, G ratton F arm E lton, G ratton F arm I lkeston D eans L and, N ewhaven W inster D overidge, S aints F arm, W oodhouse

D b D b D b D b D b D b

2 11 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17

M iddleton M oor N ewhaven M iddleton M oor M iddleton M oor A rbor L ow M inninglow

S K S K S K S K S K S K

D b D b D b D b D b D b D b D b D b

2 18 2 19 20 2 21 2 23 2 24 2 28 2 29 2 2 43

D b D b D b D b

2 44 2 54 2 55 2 57

S K S K S K S K S K S K S K S K S K S K

2 03 2 03 1 98 1 98 1 98 1 98 1 98 4 5 1 6 2 3

5 86 5 86 6 05 6 05 6 05 6 05 6 05 4 1

V I V I

5 9 6 0

V II

S K 1 2 1 7 1 6 1 7 1 7 1 61 2 09

3 5 6 3 6 0 6 3 6 3 6 36 5 73

t uff V II X X a ltered b asalt V I e pidiorite V III

R ingham L ow D ovedale M iddleton M oor M iddleton M oor M iddleton M oor M iddleton M oor D erby, R acecourse E lton C ommon N ear M onyash

S K S K S K S K S K S K S K S K S K

1 69 1 4 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 3 61 2 1 1 5

64 6 5 2 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 3 76 5 9 6 6

N ear A rbor L ow W igber L ow W igber L ow W igber L ow

S K S K S K S K

1 6 2 04 2 04 2 04

6 3 5 14 5 14 5 14

t uff n ear X VIII e pidiorite V I g abbro V I V I V II g reywacke V I V II X X V I

S TAFFORDSHIRE

( INCLUDING P ART O F W EST M IDLANDS)

S t 1 /c S t 2 /c

B eresford D ale S henstone, W hateleys F ield

S K 1 2 5 9 55 S K 1 10 0

S t 3 /c S t 4 /c

W ombourne W aterhouses/Cauldon

S O 8 77 9 23 S K 0 7 4 9

S t 5 /c S t 6 /c S t 7 /c

B lore w ith S winscoe B arlaston C headle?

S K 1 30 4 92 8 3 8 S J 8 S K 0 0 4 3?

S t 8 /c S t 9 /c

B urton o n T rent S toke o n T rent, N ormacot

S K 2 4 2 2 S J 9 24 4 24

S t S t S t S t S t S t

K ings B romley W eston a nd C oton A lrewas, R oddige B rereton, F ---H ouse S henstone A lrewas, O rgreave

S K S J S K S K S K S K

1 0/c 1/c 1 1 2/c 1 3/c 1 4/c 1 5/c

V II V I V I V I t uff V I

1 21

0 99

1 65 2 5 8 9 57 1 3 8 1 75 63 0 27 1 42 0 92 0 1 43 1 56

V I e pidotised d iorite V I a ndesitic c rystal t uff g reenstone V I a ltered q uartz g abbro a ndesitic t uff a cid t uff, n ear V III V I V II V I V III V I

S TAFFORDSHIRE

( INCLUDING P ART O F W EST M IDLANDS)

S t

1 6/c B irmingham,

S t

1 7/c F radswell,

Handsworth

S t

P ark 1 9/c C lifton C ampville

S P 0 41

8 93

( Continued)

I

n ear C hartley S K 0 07 3 17 S K 2 5 1 0

V II V I

S t 2 0/c W all S t 2 1/c B arlaston S t 2 2/c F eatherstone

S K 11 0 65 S J 8 9 3 8 S J 9 34 0 50

V II X V V I

S t 2 3/c C reswell, T he M ount S t 2 4/c B urton o n T rent

S J 8 98 2 50 S K 2 4 2 3

V I I X

S t 2 5/c S toke o n T rent,

S J 8 94 4 44

m edium-coarse

S t 2 6/c W aterhouses/Cauldon S t 2 7/c W etton, T hor's C ave

S K 0 95 4 99 S K 0 98 5 50

V II e pidiorite

S t 2 8/c S taffordshire S t 2 9/c M anifold V alley

S K 1 0

5 7

X VI V I

S t

S K 1 0

5 7

V II

F enton

g rit

3 0/c M anifold V alley

W ARWICKSHIRE W a W a W a W a

3 /c 1 3/c 1 6/c 1 8/c

( PART -I NCLUDING P ART O F W EST M IDLANDS)

S utton C oldfield S utton C oldfield L apworth B irmingham, D eritend

W a 2 3/c M ancetter B irmingham, B irmingham,

S P 1 67 S P 1 0 S P 1 90 S P 0 79

7 20 8 63

V I X X I V I

Northfield

S P 3 21 9 68 S P 0 05 7 86

V I V I

S tirchley

S P 0 52 8 13

V II

1 22

9 25

9 9

A PPENDIX 3

P ROVED B ARROWS O F T HE T RANSITIONAL P ERIOD A ND E ARLY B RONZE A GE ( Where t here i s m ore t han o ne b arrow a t o ne l ocation, t he n umber i s s hown i n b rackets a fter t he m ap r eference).

D ERBYSHIRE

D arley D ale 2

( Based o n B .A.Marsden,

1 977).

3

S K 2 76 6 39 S K 2 79 6 39

4

S K 2 73 6 42

A ldwark

3

S K 2 30 5 80

E aton a nd A lsop 1 2

A ston-on-Trent 1 S K 4 22 2 91 2 S K 4 22 2 92

5

S K S K c SK S K

6

c SK 1 4

3

B akewell 2 S K 1 83 6 78 3 S K 2 01 6 73

1 52 1 52 1 6 1 59

54 5 5 61 5 4 56 5 5 6

E densor ( part) 4 S K 2 41 6 81 5

S K 2 45 6 76

B allidon 2

S K 2 09 5 73

3

S K 2 08 5 75 c SK 2 0 5 6

1

S K 2 10 5 54 c SK 2 0 5 8 04 5 65 c SK 2

G ratton 1 S K 1 97 6 08

4

6 1 0 1 2

E lton

S K 2 88 6 88 S K 2 81 6 68

3

S K 2 2

6 2

( 3) H artington M iddle Q uarter 84 1 S K 0 76 6 4 S K 0 62 6 84

Bonsai'

1

6 0

H arthill 1 S K 2 22 6 26 2 S K 2 25 6 25

B eeley 1 S K 2 87 6 92 2 1 9/21

c SK 2 1

S K 2 54 5 94

S K 2 40 46

9 1 0

S K 0 87 6 68 S K 1 45 6 31 S K 1 37 6 36

1

S K

B rassington 1 S K 2 25 5 69

1 2 1 3

S K 12 6 69 S K 1 16 6 48

2 4 5

S K 2 18 5 65 c SK 2 3 5 4 S K 2 30 5 45

1 7 1 8 2 0

S K 1 21 6 39 S K 1 30 6 26 6 c SK 1 0 6?

7

c SK 2 3

7 B radley

1

5 6? H artington N ether Q uarter 2 S K 1 75 5 95 3 S K 1 65 5 91?

C arsington 1 S K 2 38 5 27 C helmorton

3

S K

17 6 63

( part) 1 09 6 92

1 23

ington T own Q uarter H ar ., 1 S K 1 36 5 83 3 S K 1 51 6 16 4 S K 1 52 6 15 5 S K 1 50 6 22 6 S K 1 56 6 06

M iddleton b y W irksworth 2 c SK 2 6 5 6

H artington U pper Q uarter ( part) 1 S K 0 89 6 87 2 S K 0 93 6 76 4 S K 0 84 6 90 6 S K 0 80 6 92 7 S K 0 80 6 92 8 S K 0 78 6 99 9 S K 0 75 6 99 1 0 S K 0 67 6 90 1 s K 0 6 6 9 1 2 S K 0 55 6 94 1 3 S K 0 60 6 79 1 4 S K 0 49 6 92 1 7 c SK 0 9 6 7

N ether H addon 1 S K 2 15 6 52 2 S K 2 17 6 62

M onyash 1 S K 1 66 6 44 3 c SK 1 4 6 5

N ewton G range 1 S K 1 55 3 S K 1 44 4 S K 1 64 5 c SK 1 6 7 S K 1 57 8 c SK 1 6 9 c SK 1 6 1 0 S K 1 51 O ckbrook 1 S K 4 1

H opton 1 S K 2 59 5 44

5 3 5 48 5 3 5 4 5 34

3 4

O smaston

3 H ungry B entley 1 S K 1 82 3 78

S K 1 84 4 40

O ver H addon 2

3

K niveton 1 S K 2 04 5 14 2 S K 2 13 5 09

5

S K 1 77 6 59 S K 2 03 6 70 S K 1 85 6 65

P arwich 1 S K 5 c SK 6 c SK 7 c SK

L ea H all 1 S K 1 78 5 11 M apleton 1 S K 1 70 4 76 2 c SK 1 6 4 7 3 c SK 1 6 4 7 M atlock 2 S K 2 91

5 40 5 40 5 34

1 70 1 8 1 8 1 8

5 67 5 4 5 5 5 5

S heldon ( part) 3 S K 1 68 6 93 4 S K 1 69 6 90

6 04?

S tanton i n t he P eak ( Stanton M oor) S K 2 4 6 3 ( 24)

M iddleton a nd S merrill 1 S K 1 61 6 35

3

s K 1 58 6 33

4

S K 2 01

6 26

S warkestone 2 S K 3 66 2 95

5 6 9 1 1 2 1 3

S K S K S K S K S K S K

6 39

4

6 38 6 17 6 13 6 23 6 36

T horpe 1 S K 1 6 4 9 2 c SK 1 6 4 9 3 S K 1 62 5 08

1 5 1 7

1 53 1 54 1 84 1 74 1 91 1 89

S K 1 84 6 08 c SK 1 8 6 0

1 21 4

S K 3 69 2 95

n ssington 1 S K 1 61

5 29

S TAFFORDSHIRE 5 2

3

c SK

4

S K

1 53 5 27

5 7

c SK S K S K

1 6 5 2 1 69 5 26 33 1 72 5

9

c SK

1 7

6

1 7

( Based o n A .J.H.Gunstone, 1 965) A lstonefield 1 S K 1 32 5 43 2 S K 1 35 5 42

5 2

6 1 0 1

W inster 2

S K 2 4

6 0

1 2 1 6

Y oulgreave 2 S K 1 92 6 47 3 S K 2 01 6 33 4 S K 1 75 6 49 5

S K

S K 1 31 5 64 73 S K 1 23 5 S K 1 32 5 71 S K 1 31 c SK 1

5 72 5 6

A udley 1 c SJ 8 19 5 08

1 76 6 45

B lore w ith S winscoe 2 S K 1 25 4 98

( From T VARC G azetteer)

3

S K

1 4

S K 1 34 4 91 S K 1 39 4 98

6 7

C lifton a nd C ompton S K 1 88 4 40

1 30 4 91

S K 1 39 4 98

C heckley 1 S K 0 17 3 87

W illington 1 S K 2 88 2 78 4 S K 2 86 2 77

C otton

3 L EICESTERSHIRE

S K 0 76 4 78

C roxall 2 c SK 1 97

1 36

( From v arious s ources) F arley C ossington S K 6 05

3 1 28

( 2)

5

E aton

S K 0 77 4 63 S K 0 85 4 73

F awfieldhead 4 c SK 0 7

6 3

L ockington S K 4 65 2 88

G rindon 3 c SK 0 8 5 c SK 0 8

5 4 5 4

S proxton/Croxton K errial A S K 8 67 2 79

9 1 4

5 4 5 5

S K 7 62 2 66

C

c SK 0 8 c SK 0 7

S K 8 67 2 78 H ollingsclough 1 S K 0 63 6 63

S utton C heney 06 S K 4 14 0

H eathylee 1 c SK 0 1

S yston S K 6 27

15 1

1 25

6 0

.

I la : A 2

S K

1 42 5 17

W aterhouses 1 c SK 0 7

4 7 a

S K c SK c SK

1 36 5 27 1 3 5 2 1 2 5 2

2 4 6

c SK 0 7 4 7 S K 0 80 4 85 c SK 0 8 5 0

7 b 7 d 8

c SK 1 2 5 2 c SK 1 2 5 2 S K 1 24 5 33

1 0 1 1 2

c SK 0 8 5 0 S K 0 84 5 05 c SK 0 8 5 0

9 1 0 1

c SK 1 2 c SK 1 2 c SK 1 2

5 2 5 2

1 5 1 7 1 8

S K 0 80 5 25 S K 1 13 4 95 S K 1 18 5 01

1 2

e SK

1 2

5 3

1 6 2 0

S K c SK

1 20 5 35 1 5 2

3

5 3

I pstones 2 c SK 0 50 5 13

3

c SK 0 0

5 2

2 1

S K

2 2 2 4 2 5 2 9 3 1

S K c SK S K S K S K

3 2

c SK 0 9 5 2 S K 1 05 5 26

3 L eek 1 2

c SJ 9 84 c SJ 9 8

5 45 5 6

M ayfield 4 c SK 1 5

4 5

O necote 1 c SK 0 2

5 4

4 7

16 5 01 1 08 1 0 1 04 1 08 0 98

W etton 2 c SK 1 0 4 c SK 1 0

5 03 5 0 5 10 5 19 5 22

5 5 5 5

1 2 1 3 1 6

c SK 0 9 5 7 c SK 0 97 5 78 c SK 1 0 5 6

1 7 1 8

c SK 1 0 c SK 1 0

5 5 5 5

S heen 1

S K

1 09 6 04

W ootton 5 a S K 1 01

3

S K

1 02 6 18

7

S tanton 1 S K

15 4 62

( Based o n C .O'Brien a nd S .Losco Bradley, 1 98-)

1 0

1

c SK

4 7 B arton u nder N eedwood S K 2 08 1 87

S tone 1

c SJ 9 0

3 4

S wynnerton 7 S J 8 65 3 90 8 c SJ 8 6 4 0

9

W ARWICKSHIRE ( From N .Thomas.

1 974)

S J 8 59 4 17 H artshill C ommon c SP 3 2 9 4

U ttoxeter 1

4 61

S K 0 88 4 71

S K

1 01

3 18 O ldbury S P

W arslow a nd E lkstone 2 S K 0 87 5 88

3 4 5

c SK 0 8 c SK 0 8 c SK 0 5

5 8 5 8 5 8

6

c SK 0 5

5 8

1 26

3 18 9 43

A PPENDIX 4

P OSSIBLE B ARROWS O F T HE T RANSITIONAL P ERIOD A ND E ARLY B RONZE A GE ( Where t here i s m ore t han o ne b arrow a t i s

s hown

o ne

l ocation,

t he n umber

i n b rackets a fter t he m ap r eference).

D ERBYSHIRE ( Based o n B .A.Marsden,

1 977)

2 3

S K 2 92 6 85

2 4

S K 2 94

2 5

S K 3 00 6 82

2 6

S K 3 01

6 81

S K 2 86

5 87

6 85

( 2+)

A shbourne 1

S K

2

c SK

60 1 82 4

B onsall

1 8

2

4 6

A shford i n t he W ater 76 6 75 4 S K 1 A shover 2 c SK 3 0

6 2

( part)

B radley 2 S K 2 40 4 45 B rampton ( part) 3 S K 2 95 6 98

( 4)

A ston-on-Trent

3 4 5

6

S K 4 23 2 94 S K 4 24 2 99

( 2)

16 2 88 S K 4 S K 4 17 2 86

4 6

S K 3 03 6 98 94 S K 2 95 6

7

S K 2 96

8

S K 2 97 6 94

9 1 0

S K 2 97 6 95 S K 2 98 6 94

6 94

7

S K 4 17

2 86

1

S K 2 98 6 93

8

S K 4 24

2 97

1 2

S K 3 07 6 86

B allidon 7 /9 c SK 2 1 5 ( 3) 5 S K 2 13 5 67 1

B rassington 3 S K 2 44

1 3

B reaston

S K 2 05

5 65

1

( 2)

5 62

S K 4 59

3 40

C arsington 2 S K 2 43

5 40

C hatsworth 1 S K 2 46

6 94

5

S K 2 85 6 83 S K 2 80 6 85 S K 2 85 6 82

6

S K 2 85

C lifton a nd C ompton

7 8 9

S K 2 87 6 82

1

S K

S K 2 86

6 82

2

S K 1 81

S K 2 86

6 82

Barrow o n T rent 1 S K 3 44 2 84 Beeley

3 2 4

6 84

1 81 4 48 4 43

1 0

S K 3 07

6 86

1

S K 2 85

6 83

1

S K 2 85

1 2

S K 2 78 6 85 S K 2 77 6 88

6

S K 2 85 6 57

1 3 1 6 1 7

S K 2 75 6 88 S K 2 79 6 88

1 8

85 S K 2

1 9/21

S K 2 81

D arley D ale

( 2+)

6 57

( 4)

D ethick L ea a nd H olloway 1 c SK 3 2 5 P

( 2+)

6 75 6 68 ( 3)

1 27

D raycot 1 S K 4 36

M onyash 2 S K

3 32

1 44 6 54

E aton a nd A lsop 4 c SK 1 6 5 4

N ewton G range 6 S K 1 68 5 38

E densor ( part) 1 S K 2 34 6 85

O smaston 1 /2 S K 4 S K

2

S K 2 36 6 85

3

S K 2 40 6 83

1 84 4 47 1 87 4 40

( 2)

O ver H addon E ggington 1 S K 2 84 2 91 F indern 1 S K 3 16 2 87 2

S K 3 06 2 88

4 6

S K 2 03 6 51 S K 1 69 6 64

7

S K

1 69 6 63

P arwich 2 S K

1 89 5 40

4 G ratton 2 S K

1 99 6 07

H arthill 3 S K 2 21 5

S K 2 25 6 29

8 1 9

S K 0 61

S K

9 1 0

S K 1 83 5 75 S K 1 83 5 74

1

S K

H ilton 1 S K 2 44

3 15

3

3 01

S K 2 4

( part)

S warkest o ne 1 S K 3 65 3 S K 3 69 5 S K 3 65 6 S K 3 84 7 8

S K 2 30 3 18 S K 2 21 2 98

H opton 2 S K 2 57 5 54 3

S K 2 66 5 46

H ulland 1 S K 2 84 4 46 L ong E aton 1

S K 4 71

6 3

( 48)

3 44

M arston o n D ove 1 S K 2 42 2 92

2 95 2 95 2 94 2 95

S K 3 60 2 87 S K 3 65 2 86

T horpe 4 c SK 6

2

( 2)

6? 6

H artington U pper Q uarter 5 S K 0 81 6 90

H oon 1

1 84 5 75

S tanton i n t he P eak ( Stanton M oor)

6 92

H artington T own Q uarter 9 c SK 1 2 6 0

S K 2 61

1 88 5 50

R epton 1 S K 3 12 2 71

S K 0 80 6 72 c SK 1 0

5 4

8

6 28

H artington M iddle Q uarter 2 S K 0 61 6 90 3

c SK 1 8

1 5

6 0

c SK 1 5

6 0

T issington 2 c SK 1 5 5 2 8 S K 1 63 5 23 T upton 1 S K 3 90 6 49 T wyford a nd S tenson 1 S K 3 33 2 83 2 S K 3 20 2 90 3

S K 3 21

4 5

S K 3 18 2 90 S K 3 43 2 8

2 90 ( 3)

W estn1 o n T rent 1 S K 4 11 2 85

C lawson a nd H arby SK 7 35 2 68 S K 7 23 2 75 (2+) S K 7 16 2 66 S K 7 16 297

W illington 1 S K 2 95 2 88 (2) 3 S K 2 86 2 77 S K 3 04 2 81

S K 7 44 286 S K 7 42 300 -) S K 7 27 281 (24

( 3)

S K 7 03 2 68 S K 7 18 265

Y oulgreave 6 S K 1 83 6 41 ( From T VARC G azetteer)

C laybrooke SP 4 93 8 91

E dalston a nd W yaston S K 1 92 4 21

C laybrooke ( High C ross) SP 4 73 8 87 C osby

L EICESTERSHIRE ( Excluding R utland D istrict)

S P 5 56 9 29 S P 5 39 9 53 S P 5 43 9 57

( Principally f rom R .J.Buckley, C ountesthorpe

1 979) A sfordby S K 6 99

S P 5 67 9 53 (3) 1 87

E aton

( 2)

S K S K S K S K

A shby M agna S P 5 73 8 93

7 82 7 73 7 66 7 64

2 71 2 69 2 60 2 70

S K 7 16

1 75

A shby P arva S P 5 22 8 77

F risby

( 2)

A ston F lamville 33 S P 4 59 9

G addesby S K 6 87

B arkby T horpe S K 6 45 0 83 S K 6 40 0 92

1 48 (2+)

S K 6 69 1 35 G oadby S P 7 52 9 89

B eeby S K 6 55 0 79 S K 6 62 0 78

H oby a nd R otherby S K 6 64 2 08

B roughton a nd O ld D alby S K 6 98 2 61

I bstock SK 3 85 0 82

B roughton S K 6 45 2 09

K imcote a nd W alton SP 5 88 8 61

B runtingthorpe S P 6 11 8 91

K irby M uxloe SK 5 26 0 49

C harley

L aunde S K 4 64

1 70

SK 7 91

1 29

0 47

( 3)

L eice t er ( Braunston P ark) S K 5 55 0 37 ( 2+)

S meeton W esterby S P 6 77 9 17 S P 6 93 9 19

L oughborough S K 5 08 2 13 S K 5 38 2 19

S narest o ne S K 3 52 0 97

L ubbesthorpe S K 5 26 0 18

S proxton/Croxton K errial B S K 8 66 2 78

M arket B osworth S K 4 05 0 32

D E F G H J

S K S K S K S K S K S K

M easham

K L

S K 8 58 2 82 S K 8 58 2 83

L utterworth S P 5 30 8 34

S K 3 36

50 5 5 49 53 5 5 75

2 79 2 80 2 80 2 80 2 82 2 81

1 62

M edbourne S P 7 97 9 53 M isterton S P S P S P S P

8 66 8 64 8 62 8 66 8 62 8 61

( Three Q ueens) S K 8 59 2 97 S K 8 60 2 98 S K 8 61 2 97

( 3)

8 34 8 39 8 34 8 37

S tanton W yville S P 7 45 9 42 S utton C heney S P 4 09 9 66 S P 4 12 9 96

M owsley S P 6 40 9 02

( 2)

S yston N ormanton l e H eath S K 3 70 1 26

S K 6 09 0 83 T ilton

N orth K ilworth S P 6 24 8 45

S K 7 48 0 58 T ur L angton S P 7 22 9 51

P eckleton S K 4 67 0 06 S K 4 77 0 02

W igston P arva S P 4 67 8 93

R edmile S K 7 96 3 56

( 3)

W illoughby S P 5 83 9 21

R olleston S P 7 36 9 98

W itherly S P 3 57 9 73 S K 3 30 0 02

R othley S K 5 88 S K 5 63

1 23 1 42

S hackerstone S K 3 56 0 71 S hears b y S P 6 36 9 08

1 30

( 5+)

L EIOLSTERSHIRE ( RUTLAND D ISTRICT)

C averswall 3

S J 9 55 4 34

( Information s upplied b y F .Hartley) B arleythorpe S K 8 52 0 95

( 2)

K ett o n S K 9 80 0 21

C otton 1 c SK 0 6 2 S K 0 71 4 c SK 0 6

4 6 4 72 4 6

5

4 8

c SK 0 6

C roxall 1 S K 1 98

L angha i n S K 8 ' : .2

13 1

D ilhorn 1 S J 9 73 4 32

R idlington S K 8 58 0 20 S K 8 31

0 19

E ccleshall 1 2

T eigh S K 8 67

1 36

( 2+)

S J 7 71 3 22 c SJ 7 40 3 20

1 55 E dingale 1 S K 2 16

W ardley

1 22

S K 8 42 0 08 E lford 1 S K 1 94 0 92 2 c SK 1 94 0 92 3 c SK 1 93 1 26

S TAFFORDSHIRE ( Based o n A .J.H.Gunstone, A lstonefield 3 S K 1 38 7 S K 1 29 8 c SK 1 2 9 c SK 1 1 3 c SK 1 4

5 37 5 66 5 6 5 8 5 5

1 4 1 5 1 7

c SK 1 4 c SK 1 c SK 1 2

5 5 5 6 5 8

1 8 1 9

c SK 1 0 5 9 S K 1 06 5 88

E llaston 1 S K 1 29 4 38 2 S K 1 32 4 39 F arley 2 S K 0 75 4 63 F awfieldhead 1 S K 0 88 6 31 2 S K 0 89 6 30 G rindon 1 S K 2 S K 4 c SK 6 S K

A shley 1 S J 7 65 3 65 B aswich 1 c SJ 9 8 1 8 2 S J 9 76 2 08 B lare w ith S winscoe 1 S K 19 4 94 B rewood 1 /2 c SJ 9 17 0 81 B utterton 1 S K 0 8 /1 5 65

1 965)

( 2)

0 83 0 84 0 8 0 85

5 32 5 30 5 4 5 28

7 8 1 0

S K 0 87 5 33 S K 0 88 5 34 c SK 0 8 5 4

1 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 6

S K S K S K c SK c SK

0 97 0 71 0 70 0 8 0 8

5 39 52 5 53 5 5 4 5 4

I lam 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9

S K S K S K S K c SK S K

1 28 1 28 1 28 16 1 16

I pstones 1 c SK 0 2

S aredon 1 c SJ 9 5

5 37 5 38 5 39 5 41 5 4 5 40

S tanton

4 9

2 3 4

S K 1 23 4 61 S K 11 4 68 c SK 1 4 6

5 6 7 8 9 1

S K S K S K c SK c SK S K

S heen 2

K ings B romley 1 S K 1 21 1 39 K ingswinford 1 /2 c S0 8 16 8 96

( 2)

1 2

K inver 1 3 4

c S0 8 4 c S0 8 4 ° S0 81 4

8 4 8 4 8 4

3 97 4 01 3 8

6

c SJ 7 9

3 8

3 /5

c SJ 8 82 3 69

T atenhill 1 c SK 1 9

1 2 3

S J 9 54 2 37 S J 9 63 2 39 c SJ 9 6 2 3

U ttoxeter 2

M ucklestone 1 c SJ 6 95 3 65

4

3

3 c SK 0 9 3 3 c SK 0 9 3 S K 1 02 3 26

U ttoxeter R ural 1 S K 0 79 3 59

N orbury 2 S J 7 88 2 38 S J 7 92 2 42 S J 7 93 2 42

W arslow a nd E lkstone 1 S K 0 76 5 81

O keover 3

2 4

T ixall

S K 1 56 4 61

2

( 3)

T ittesworth 1 S K 0 23 5 84

3

3

4 71 4 72 4 72 4 7 4 7 4 81

S K 1 08 4 81

M ayfield 1 S K 1 38 4 42 2 S K 1 44 4 55

1 4

12 11 12 1 1 1 07

S wynnerton 1 S J 8 47 3 51 2 c SJ 8 8 3 6

M adeley 1 S J 7 75 4 29 2 c SJ 7 7 4 4

S J 7 81 S J 7 81 c SJ 7 8

S K 1 05 6 13

S winfen a nd P ackington 1 S K 1 22 0 60

L eekfrith 1 S K 0 03 6 05

M aer 2 3 5

0 8

W aterhouses 3 c SK 0 8 5 c SK 0 8 7 S K 0 83 8 S K 0 78 9 S K 0 93 1 3 c SK 0 8 1 4 S K 0 86

S K 1 42 4 78 c SK 1 5 4 8

R amshorn 1 S K 0 86 4 69 2 S K 0 91 4 46

1 32

5 0 4 8 4 87 4 88 4 97 5 0 5 23

W at rhouses ( continued) 1 6 S K 11 4 87 2 0 Z . K 18 4 99 2 3 c SK 1 0 5 0

E dingale S K 2 09 S K 2 10

2 6

S K

1 07 5 14

H amstall R idware

2 7 2 8 3 0

S K S K c SK

1 08 5 16 1 20 5 15 1 0 5 2

1 21 1 40

S K 1 03 S K 1 15 S K 1 19

1 75 1 78 1 76

S K 1 17

1 88

K ings B romley S K 1 06

1 68

W etton 5 6

S K S K

12 5 47 11 5 47

' 1 1 0 1 1 4

c SK , I SK . S K c SK

0 9 O P 0 q7 0 9

5 4 5 7 5 74 5 7

S K 10 1 60 S K 1 20 1 55 S K 1 34 1 64

1 5

0 S K 0 5 80 c SK 1 0 5 " 3

M avesyn R idware S K 0 82 1 74

W igginton 1 /2 c SK 2 08 0 62 W ombourn 1 /4 c S0 9 6

S K 0 90 S K 0 78

1 73 1 89

( 6) ( 4)

( 2)

( 2) T atenhill S K 2 06 2 01

9 2

( 4) W ychnor

W ootton 1 S K 0 99 4 49

S K 1 73 S K 1 88

1 66 1 61

2 3 4

S K 0 98 4 64 S K 1 02 4 61 S K 1 01 4 61

S K 1 80 S K 1 91

1 70 1 62

( 2) ( 1+)

6

S K

S K 1 44

1 79

( 2)

1 05 4 66

Y oxall

( From C .O'Brien a nd S .LoscoB radley, 1 98-) ( From C .A.Smith,

1 977)

A lrewas S K 1 39 S K 1 50 S K 1 64

1 56 1 63 1 54

S K 1 79 S K 1 83 S K 1 86

1 54 1 46 1 49

S K 1 83

1 52

A 1 ,ewas/Fisherwick/Whittington ( 2)

S K S K S K S K

A rmitage w ith H andsacre S K 0 96 1 67 ( 2) S K

1 02

1 69

( 2)

B arton u nder N eedwood S K 1 80 1 75 ( 1+) S K 1 93 S K 2 03 S K 2 08

1 70 1 87 ( 2) 1 87 ( 2)

S K 1 88 S K 1 92

1 75 1 87

1 33

1 6 1 8 1 7 1 8

1 5 1 5 1 4 1 4

( 2)

S K 1 7 S K 1 8 S K 1 7

1 3 1 3 1 2

( 4) ( 3)

S K 1 8 S K 1 8

0 9 0 8

( 2)

S K 1 7

0 7

S K 1 9

0 7

( 3)

W ARWICKSHIRE

O gley H ay 1

( From N .Thomas,

S K 0 49 0 64

1 974) S hire O ak 1 S K 0 52 0 48

A nsley S P 3 08 9 36 B urton H astings S P 4 28 8 89 c SP 4 35 8 95 S mockington S P 4 54 8 96

T ettenhall 1 c SJ 8 7

0 0

W olverhampton 1 c SJ 9 20 2 c S0 9 1 3 c S0 9 41 1 4 c S0 9 1 5 c S0 9 1

0 15 9 8 9 83 9 8 9 8

W EST M IDLANDS ( Based o n A .J.H.Gunstone,

1 965)

( Based o n N .Thomas,

D arlaston 1 c S0 9 84 9 85

1 974)

B irmingham , K ing S tanding S P 0 80 9 56

1 3 1 4

A PPENDIX 5 S OURCES O F D RAWINGS O F L OST O R I NACCESSIBLE A RTIFACTS 9 2 4 2 7 2 8 4 4 6 4 6 7 7 9 8 3 9 8 1 12 1 17 1 36 1 49 1 63 1 68

D rawing b y P .Beswiek P hoto i n J WM, L eicester R eliquary, N ew S eries 5 (1899), B artlett

P late I I,

1 791,

7 9,

f ig 5

f ig 3

D AJ 9 4(197 ) 4), 7 , f ig 2 (2), ( J.Collis) D rawing i n S toke-on-Trent M useum T BWAS 6 8(1952), P late 1 9(e), S haw 1 798(2), P late B D AJ 8 9(1969), 1 23, f ig 1 .2 C oles a nd S impson 1 968, 1 67,

( F.W .Shotton)

f ig 3 8,

( F.E.S.Roe)

D rawing i n S toke-on-Trent M useum D AJ 8 9(1969), 1 23, f ig 1 .1, ( F.Radford) D rawing i n S toke-on-Trent M useum D rawing b y P .Beswick D AJ 9 1(1971), 7 , f ig 3 .9, ( D.Bramwell) D rawing b y C .R.Hart

2 61 & 2 66 t o 2 69

D AJ 9 1(1971),

3 3,

f ig 2 ,

( J.May)

2 74, 2 75 & 2 77 2 78 t o 2 81 2 82 2 83 & 2 84

D AJ 9 1(1971),

1 4,

f ig 5 ,

( D.Bramwell)

2 96 3 38 3 40 3 42

D AJ 7 3(1953), 1 24, f ig 3 , ( M .J. F owler) D AJ 9 6(1976), 6 7, f ig 5 , ( T.Courtney) W ard 1 893, P late I X D AJ 9 1(1971), 1 4, f ig 5 , ( D.Bramwell) I nventaria A rchaeologica G B20 B ateman/Jewitt M S, C 24 A ntiquaries J ournal 5 0(1970),

3 46

N SJFS 1(1971),

3 60 3 65 & 3 68

G unstone) B ateman/Jewitt M S, B ateman/Jewitt M S,

3 67 3 69 t o 3 71

D AJ 7 3(1953), 1 24, f ig 2 , B ateman/Jewitt M S, B 20

4 0,

2 04,

f ig 1 , v essel 1 ,

f ig 7 b,

( B.M.Marsden)

( Ryder, L ongworth a nd

B 29 B 33 ( M .J.Fowler)

, ( D.Bramwell) AJ 9 1(1971), 1 4 & 1 5, f igs 5 & 6 3 72 t o 3 75 D B a te m a n / Je w i t t M S , B 3 3 3 83 AJ 7 3(1953), 1 23, f igs 1 & 2 , a nd 1 24, f ig2, ( M.J.Fowler) 3 92 t o 3 95 D T urner 1 899, 1 02, P late X XIII, f ig 3 3 96 J ewitt 1 870, 9 3, f ig 9 4 4 20 D AJ 8 9(1969), 6 , f ig 5 .3, ( J.Radley) 42 4 ewitt 1 883, 4 a nd 5 47 t o 4 49 J 4 4 58 4 63 4 69 5 21 & 5 22

B loxham 1 835 B ateman/Jewitt M S, C 25 S haw 1 798(2), P late A , f ig 1 6 N ichols 1 798, P late L XXXIII

S ketch i n J WM, L eicester D A J 4 84 9 ( 19 2 62 7 ), 1 99, 2 08 & 2 04, f igs 3 , 9&5 , 5 33 t o 5 35 D AJ 7 7(1957), 1 5, f ig 3 , A 5, ( T.G.Manby) 5 48 D AJ 8 4(1964), 1 18, f ig 7 (1), ( T.G.Manby) 5 49 N ichols 1 798, P late L XXXIII 5 60 & 577 T urner 1 899, 11, P late X XV, f ig 2 5 61 5 23

5 76 5 90 & 5 92

B ateman/Jewitt M S, C 14 J ewitt 1 883, 1 6, f ig 5 6,

6 05a

B ateman/Jewitt M S,

B 32

1 35

a nd

1 5,

f ig 5 1

( W .S.Fox)

6 40

T SSAHS

6 69

T LAS

1 6(197 )4 -75),

1 8(1934-35),

1 5,

f ig 8 ,

( C.A.Smith)

P late V I o pp p 182

6 70 t o 6 78 T SSAHS 1 6(1974-75), 1 7, f ig 7 , 6 91 S haw 1 798(2), P late A , f ig 5

a nd

6 94 7 09

N ichols 1 811, P late X CIX, f ig 4 T hurnham 1 871, P late 3 3, f ig 5 3 21,

f ig

1 ,

1 5,

f ig 8 ,

7 11

P PS 4 2(1976),

7 42

I nventaria A rchaeologica G B20

7 56 7 58

T SSAHS 1 3(1971-72), 4 7, f ig P hoto f rom Swansea M useum

7 67 & 7 68

National Bronze I ndex a t B ritish M useum

( I.Kinnes) 1 .4,

7 75

P hoto f rom Swansea M useum

7 93

Potter

7 94

A rchaeologia 5 (1779),

7 95 8 00

P hoto i n J WM, L eicester T BWAS 8 4(1967-70), 1 78, f ig

8 08 8 15

P encil d rawing i n M S o f B ateman D rawing i n J WM, L eicester

8 24 & 8 25

N ichols

8 37 8 33,

G entleman's M agazine 5 2(1782), N ichols 1 804, P late C LI

8 34

( A.J.H.Gunstone)

1 842

1 811,

P late V III,

P late X CII,

1 c,

f ig

1

( B.Hobley) 1 848,

S CM

f ig 8 a nd 9 2 80

8 55 & 8 56 8 71

D rawing i n J WM,

8 76 8 78

I nventaria A rchaeologica G B24 A rchaeologia 1(1794), P late X IX,

82 8 8 90

G entleman's Magazine 5 2(1782), P lot 1 686, T able 3 3, f ig 8

8 99

PS 5 (1939), P

9 06 t o 9 13 N ichols

1 804,

L eicester

28, 2

f ig 2 ,

N o.10,

f ig 9

2 80 ( C.Fox)

P late C LI

9 17 I nventaria A rchaeologica G B24 9 76 t o 9 80 D AJ 9 1(1971), 9 , f ig 4 , ( D.Bramwell)

1 36

( C.A.Smith)

ABBREV IAT IONS B AR

B ritish A rchaeological R eports

B M

B ritish M useum

D AJ

D erbyshire A rchaeological J ournal

D erbys

D erbyshire

E MAB

E ast M idlands A rchaeological B ulletin

H MSO

H er M ajesty 's S tationery O ffice

J WM, L eicester

J ewry W all M useum, L eicester

L eics

L eicestershire

N SJFS

N orth S taffordshire J ournal o f F ield S tudies

O S

O rdnance S urvey

P PS

P roceedings o f t he P rehistoric S ociety

P SAL

P roceedings o f t he S ociety o f A ntiquaries o f L ondon

P SAS

P roceedings o f t he S ociety o f A ntiquaries o f S cotland

S CM

S heffield C ity M useum

S CMC B C

S heffield C ity M useum C atalogue o f t he B ateman C ollection , 1 899.

S taffs

S taffordshire

T BWAS

T ransactions o f t he B irmingham a nd W arwickshire A rchaeological S ociety

T LAS

T ransactions o f t he L eicestershire A rchaeological S ociety

T NSFC

T ransactions o f t he N orth S taffordshire F ield C lub

T SSAHS

T ransactions o f t he S outh S taffordshire A rchaeological a nd H istorical S ociety

T VARC

T rent V alley A rchaeological R esearch C ommittee

W arwicks

W arwickshire

W .Mids

W est M idlands C ounty

1 37

B IBL IOGRAPHY

A BERCROMBY, J ., 1 912. A S tudy o f Bronze A ge P ottery o f G reat B ritain a nd I reland a nd i ts A ssociated G rave-Goods. A NNABLE,

F .K.,

a nd S IMPSON,

D .D.A.,

1 964.

G uide C atalogue o f t he

N eolithic a nd B ronze A ge C ollections i n D evizes M useum. A pSIMON,

A .M.,

1 958.

A rchaeology, A RMSTRONG,

" Food Vessels",

U niversity o f L ondon,

A .L.,

1 923.

B ulletin o f t he I nstitute o f 1 (1958),

2 4-36.

" Exploration o f Harborough C ave,

n ear

B rassington", J ournal o f t he R oyal A nthropological I nstitute 5 3(1923), 4 02-13. A SHBEE,

P .,

1 960.

T he B ronze A ge R ound B arrow i n B ritain.

A SHBEE,

P .,

1 970.

T he E arthen L ong B arrow i n B ritain.

A SPINALL, B eads", A TKINSON,

A .,

e t

a l,

1 972.

A rchaeometry R .J.C.,

" Neutron A ctivation A nalysis o f F aience

1 4(1972),

P IGGOTT,

C .M.,

2 7-40. a nd S ANDARS,

E xcavations a t Dorchester-on-Thames, A TKINSON,

R .J.C.,

A tkinson,

1 949.

P iggott

N .K.,

e ditors,

" The Henge Monuments o f G reat B ritain"

a nd S andars,

e ditors,

B arrow a t W interbourne S teepleton, ( 1951),

B AMFORD,

H .,

T amworth, B ARTLETT,

S taffs", 1 791.

W arwickshire" B ATEMAN,

T .,

B ATEMAN, T .,

Dorset",

K .,

T SSAHS

1 974.

" Two B ronze A ge I mplements f rom

1 5(1973-4),

1 -4.

" History a nd A ntiquities o f M ancetter,

i n B ibliotheca T opographica B ritannica,

1 848. 1 852.

9 .

Vestiges o f t he A ntiquities o f D erbyshire. " Remarks u pon a F ew o f t he B arrows O pened a t V arious

T imes i n t he More H illy D istricts n ear B akewell", British A rchaeological A ssociation 7 (1852), B ATEMAN, T .,

1 951. " A Pond

A rchaeological J ournal

1 -24 a nd S HERIDAN,

B .,

i n

1 940

A TKINSON, R .J.C., B RAILSFORD, J .W., a nd W AKEFIELD, H .G., 1 08

1 949.

O xon.

J ournal o f t he

2 10-20.

1 855. A D escriptive C atalogue o f t he A ntiquities a nd t he

M iscellaneous O bjects Preserved i n t he M useum o f T homas B ateman a t L ambersdale House, B ATEMAN,

T .,

1 861.

Derbyshire.

T en Y ear'

i n t he C ounties o f D erby,

D iggings i n C eltic a nd S axon G rave H ills S tafford a nd Y ork.

1 38

B ATEMAN/JEWITT M S,

S heffield C ity M useum.

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1 40

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1 43

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1 45

D AJ

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n ear M inninglow,

" On t he O rigin o f B ritish F aience B eads a nd s ome

A spects o f t he W essex-Mycenae R elationship", P PS 3 8(1972), 2 86-301. M EGAW , B .R.S., a nd H ARDY, E .M., 1 938. " British D ecorated A xes a nd t heir D iffusion d uring t he E arlier P art o f t he B ronze A ge",

P PS 4 (1938),

2 72-307. M EGAW ,

J .V.S.,

a nd S IMPSON,

D .D.A.,

1 979.

I ntroduction t o B ritish

P rehistory. M OORE, C .N., a nd R OWLANDS, S alisbury M useum . M OORE,

C .N.,

M .J.,

a nd C UMMINS, W .A.,

1 972.

1 974.

B ronze A ge M etalwork i n

" Petrological I dentification o f

S tone I mplements f rom D erbyshire a nd L eicesershire",

P PS 4 0(1974),

5 9-78. M OORE,

C .N.,

C ummins,

1 979.

e ditors,

N EWBIGIN, N .,

" Stone A xes 1 979,

f rom t he E ast M idlands"

S tone A xe S tudies,

i n C lough a nd

8 2-86.

1 937. " The N eolithic P ottery o f Y orkshire", P PS 3 (1937),

1 89-216. N EWTON,

R .G.,

a nd R ENFREW,

R econsidered",

C .,

1 970.

A ntiquity 4 4(1970),

1 46

" British F aience B eads 1 99-206.

N ICHOLS, J ., L eicester,

1 798. T he H istory a nd A ntiquities o f t he C ounty o f V ol 2 .

N ICHOLS,

J .,

1 804.

D itto,

V ol

N ICHOLS,

J .,

1 811.

D itto,

V ol 4 .

3 .

O 'BRIEN, C .F., 1 978. " Land a nd S ettlement i n N ottinghamshire a nd L owland D erbyshire", E MAB 1 2(1978), S upplement. O 'BRIEN, C .F., a nd L OSCO-BRADLEY, S ., 1 98-. " Prehistoric a nd R omanoB ritish O ccupation i n t he U pper T rent V alley b etween B urton a nd R ugeley",

t o b e p ublished s hortly i n T SSAHS.

P ALMER, R ., 1 976. " Interrupted D itch E nclosures i n B ritain : T he U se o f A erial P hotography f or C omparative S tudies", P PS 4 2(1976), 1 611 86. P EAKE, H ., A .,

1 911.

e ditor,

" The P rehistoric R oads o f L eicestershire", i n D ryden,

1 911, M emorials o f O ld L eicestershire,

P EEK, R .A.P., a nd M cWHIRR, S ettlement", i n P ye, N .,

3 1-45.

A .D., 1 972. " Prehistoric a nd R oman e ditor, 1 972, L eicester a nd i ts R egion,

1 95-217. P EGGE, S ., 9 (1789),

1 789. " Observations o n s ome B ronze C elts", 8 4-95.

P ENNINGTON, P HILLIPS,

R .,

1 877.

C .W .,

1 933.

L incolnshire, P IGGOTT, C .M., P PS

1 2(1946),

P IGGOTT, S ., E bbsfleet, 4 20.

P art

A rchaeologia

B arrows a nd B one C aves o f D erbyshire. " The P resent S tate o f A rchaeology i n 1 ",

A rchaeological J ournal 9 0(1933),

1 06-149.

1 946. " The L ate B ronze A ge R azors o f t he B ritish I sles", 1 21-141.

1 939.

" Decorated P rehistoric P ottery f rom t he B ed o f t he

Northfleet,

K ent",

A ntiquaries J ournal

1 9(1939),

4 05-

P IGGOTT, S ., 1 953. " Secondary N eolithic B urials a t C hurch D ale, PS 1 9(1953), 2 28-230. Monyash, D erbyshire, 1 937-39 ' 1, P P IGGOTT,

S .,

P IGGOTT,

S

P IGGOTT,

•

,

S .,

1 954.

T he N eolithic C ultures o f t he B ritish I sles.

1 962.

T he W est K ennet L ong B arrow :

1 963.

" Abercromby a nd A fter.

B ritain R e-examined", 1 963, P IGGOTT, P ITT,

i n F oster,

C ulture a nd E nvironment.

W .,

S .,

1 965.

1 817.

I .L.,

E xcavations

n ear

1 955-56.

T he B eaker C ultures o f a nd A lcock,

L .,

e ditors,

E ssays i n h onour o f S ir C yril F ox.

A ncient E urope.

H istory o f S taffordshire.

1 47

P LOT,

R .,

1 686.

P OSNANSKY,

M .,

N atural H istory o f S taffordshire. 1 955(1).

a t L ockington", P OSNANSKY, M .,

1 955(2).

DAJ 7 5(1955), P OSNANSKY,

M .,

Part I I.

" The E xcavation o f a B ronze A ge R ound B arrow

T LAS 3 1(1955),

1 7-29.

" The B ronze A ge R ound Barrow a t S warkestone",

1 23-139. 1 956(1).

" The B ronze A ge R ound B arrow a t S warkestone.

T he E nvironmental E vidence a nd s ome C onsiderations o f t he

P rehistory o f S outh D erbyshire", P OSNANSKY,

M .,

1 956(2).

D AJ 7 6(1956),

1 0-26.

S ome C onsiderations o f t he P leistocene

C hrcnology a nd P rehistory o f P art o f t he E ast M idlands. U npublished t hesis,

P h.D.,

P OTTER,

T .R.,

P OWELL,

T .G.E.,

U niversity o f N ottingham .

1 842.

1 949.

L eicestershire, L odge, P OWELL,

T .G.E.,

T .G.E.,

N .,

1 950(2).

1 23

5 4-55.

6 5-80.

" A L ate B ronze A ge H oard f rom W elby,

A rchaeological J ournal

1 05(1950),

2 7-40.

1 954. " The H ill-Forts o f t he P eak", D AJ 7 4(1954),

e ditor,

R ADFORD, F .,

T LAS 2 5(1949),

" Notes o n t he B ronze A ge i n t he E ast

1 6(1950),

L eicestershire",

P YE,

L eicestershire",

1 950(1).

P PS

P RESTON, F .L.,

" Notes o n T wo B ronze A ge D iscoveries i n

( 2) S ocketed B ronze A xe o f B reton T ype f rom J ericho

S ix H ills,

M idlands", P OWELL,

T he H istory a nd A ntiquities o f C harnwood F orest.

1 972.

1 969.

1 -31.

L eicester a nd i ts R egion.

" Recent F inds f rom Brassington M oor", D AJ 8 9(1969),

•

R ADLEY, J .,

1 965.

R ADLEY,

1 966.

J .,

" A R ing B ank o n B eeley M oor", D AJ 8 5(1965),

" A B ronze A ge R ing-work o n T otley M oor a nd o ther

B ronze A ge R ing-works i n t he P ennines", 1 23(1966), R ADLEY,

J .,

8 8(1968), R ADLEY, J .,

J .,

1 968.

" The O rigin o f A rbor L ow H enge M onument",

1 969. " A T riple C airn a nd a R ectangular C airn o f t he B ronze DAJ 8 9(1969),

a nd M ARSHALL,

G .,

B unker's H ill W ood, J .,

1 962.

1 -17. " Mesolithic S ites

i n S outh-West

Y orkshire A rchaeological J ournal 4 1(1963-65),

R ADLEY, J ., a nd C OOPER, L .,

8 8(1968),

D AJ

1 00-103.

Y orkshire",

R ADLEY,

A rchaeological J ournal

1 -26.

A ge o n B eeley Moor", R ADLEY,

1 26-131.

1 966. " An O ccupied C ave o f t he B ronze A ge,

B eeley",

a nd C OOPER,

L .,

8 1-97.

6(1966), D AJ 8

1 968.

9 3 -9 8.

" A N eolithic S ite a t E lton",

3 7-46.

1 48

D AJ

R EANEY, 1 03.

D .,

1 966.

" A B eaker B urial a t A ston o n T rent", D AJ 8 6(1966),

R EANEY, D ., 6 8-81.

1 968.

" Beaker B urials i n S outh D erbyshire", D AJ 8 8(1968),

R EDFERN, F .,

1 873.

" On U ttoxeter a nd t he A rchaeological R emains o f t he

P arish a nd N eighbourhood", J ournal o f t he B ritish A rchaeological A ssociation 2 9(1873), 2 63-278. R ENFREW ,

C .,

e ditor,

1 974.

B ritish P rehistory,

a N ew O utline.

R ILEY, D .N., 1 966. " An E arly B ronze A ge C airn o n H arland E dge, M oor, D erbyshire", D AJ 8 6(1966), 3 1-53. R OE,

F .E.S.,

1 966.

" The B attle-Axe S eries i n B ritain",

B eeley

P PS 3 2(1966),

1 99-245. R OE, F .E.S.,

1 968.

" Stone M ace-heads a nd t he L atest N eolithic C ultures

o f t he B ritish I sles", i n C oles, J .M., a nd S impson, D .D.A., e ditors, 1 968, S tudies i n A ncient E urope: E ssays p resented t o S tuart P iggott, 1 45-172. R OE, F .E.S.,

1 979.

" Typology o f S tone I mplements w ith S haftholes",

C lough a nd C ummins, R OWLANDS, M .J.,

e ditors,

1 976.

1 979,

S tone A xe S tudies,

i n

2 3-48.

T he O rganisation o f M iddle B ronze A ge

M etalwork. ( The P roduction a nd D istribution o f M etalwork i n t he M iddle B ronze A ge i n S outhern B ritain),

B AR

3 1,

2 V ol.

R UTLAND, M .J., 1 975. " A B eaker B urial a t S meeton W esterby, L eicestershire", T LAS 5 0(1974-75), 4 6-48. R YDER, M .L., L ONGWORTH, I .H., a nd G UNSTONE, A .J.H., 1 971. " Prehistoric B one a nd P ottery F inds f rom M ill P ot C ave n ear W etton, S taffordshire", N SJFS 1(1971), 3 9-48. S HAW , S ., S HAW ,

S .,

1 798(1). T he H istory a nd A ntiquities o f S taffordshire. V ol l. 1 798(2).

I ntroduction t o t he a bove.

S HEFFIELD C ITY M USEUM,

1 899.

C atalogue o f t he B ateman C ollection o f

A ntiquities. S HOTTON,

F .W .,

5 8(1934),

1 937.

" Stone I mplements o f W arwickshire",

T BWAS

3 7-52.

S HOTTON, F .W ., 1 938. " The D istribution o f N eolithic, B ronze A ge a nd I ron A ge R elics a round C oventry", P roceedings o f t he C oventry D istrict N atural H istory a nd S cientific S ociety 1 92. S HOTTON,

F .W .,

1 952.

T BWAS 6 8(1952), S HOTTON,

F .W .,

1 84-

f rom n ear B irmingham",

1 25-126.

1 959.

W est M idlands",

" Notes o n T wo S tone A xes

1 (1938),

. " New P etrological G roups B ased o n : xes f rom t he

P PS 2 5(1959),

1 35-143.

1 49

S IMPSON, D .D.A., 1 968. " Food V essels: A ssociations a nd C hronology", i n c ' oles, J .M., a nd S impson, D .D.A., e ditors, 1 968, S tudies i n A ncient E urope :

E ssays p resented t o S tuart P iggott,

S IMPSON, D .D.A., e ditor,

1 97-211.

1 971. E conomy a nd S ettlement i n N eolithic a nd

E arly B ronze A ge B ritain a nd E urope. S MITH, C .A., 1 975. " Second R eport o n E xcavations a t F isherwick, S taffs, 1 973", T SSAHS 1 6(197 )4 -75), 1 -18. S MITH, C .A., 1 977. A ncient L andscapes i n S outh E astern S taffordshire, a S tudy i n F ield A rchaeology a nd H istorical T opography i n t he P arishes o f A lrewas, F isherwick a nd W hittington. t hesis, P h.D., U niversity o f N ottingham. S MITH, I .F., K e

U npublished

1 965. W indmill H ill a nd A vebury: E xcavations b y A lexander

r ner.

S MITH, I .F., 1 971. " Causewayed E nclosures", i n S impson, D .D.A., e ditor, 1 971, E conomy a nd S ettlement i n N eolithic a nd E arly B ronze A ge B ritain a nd E urope,

8 9-112.

S MITH, I .F., 1 974. " The N eolithic", i n R enfrew, B ritish P rehistory, a N ew O utline, 1 00-136. S MITH,

I .F.,

1 979.

e ditors,

o n O verton H ill,

S tone A xe S tudies,

1 966.

N orth W iltshire,

R .A.,

1 925,

i n

1 3-22.

" Excavation o f aR ound B arrow

E ngland", P PS 3 2(1966),

1 22-155.

P PS 2 5(1959),

1 44-187.

" The P erforated A xe-hammers o f B ritain",

A rchaeologia 7 5(1925),

7 7-108.

S TANLEY, J ., 1 954. " An I ron A ge F ort a t B all C ross F arm, D AJ 7 4(195) 4), 8 5-99. S TONE,

1 974,

1 959. " Some S omerset H oards a nd t heir P lace i n t he B ronze

A ge o f S outhern B ritain", S MITH,

1 979,

a nd S IMPSON, D .D.A.,

S MITH, M .A.,

e ditor,

" The C hronology o f B ritish S tone I mplements",

C lough a nd C ummins, S MITH, I .F.,

C .,

J .F.S.,

a nd T HOMAS,

L .C.,

1 956.

B akewell",

" The U se a nd D istribution o f

F aience i n t he A ncient E ast a nd P rehistoric E urope",

P PS 2 2(1956),

3 7-84. T AYLOR, W ales T AYLOR,

J .A.,

e ditor,

1 980,

C ulture a nd E nvironment i n P rehistoric

B AR 7 6. J .J.,

T HOMAS, N .,

1 970.

" Lunulae R econsidered", P PS 3 6(1970),

a nd G UNSTONE,

A .J.H.,

P rehistory o f S taffordshire",

1 963.

3 8-81.

" An I ntroduction t o t he

A rchaeological J ournal

1 20

( 1963),

2 56-262. T HOMAS,

N .,

1 974.

" An A rchaeological G azetteer f or W arwickshire :

N eolithic t o I ron A ge",

T BWAS 8 6(1974),

1 50

1 6-48.

T HOMPSON, D ., D erbyshire.

1 963. A rbor L ow a nd T hree O ther P rehistoric S ites i n H MSO.

T HURNHAM, J ., 1 871. " On A ncient B ritish B arrows B arrows)", A rchaeologia 4 2(1871), 2 85-544.

( Part I I.

R ound

T RUMP, B .A.V., 1 959. " Daggers, D irks a nd R apiers o f t he S cottish M iddle B ronze A ge", P SAS 9 3(1959-60), 1 -15. T RUMP, B .A.V., 1 962. " The O rigin a nd D evelopment o f B ritish M iddle B ronze A ge R apiers", P PS 2 8(1962), 8 0-102. T URNER,

W .,

1 899.

A ncient R emains n ear B uxton.

W ACHER, J .S., 1 964. " Ecavations a t B reedon-on-the-Hill,Leicestershire 1 957", A ntiquaries J ournal 4 4(196 ) 4), 1 22-142. W ACHER, J .S., 1 976. " Excavations a t B reedon-on-the-Hill", 5 2(1976-77), 1 -36. W ARD, J .,

T LAS

1 889. " On R ains C ave, L ongcliffe, D erbyshire", D AJ 1(1889),

3 1-45. W ARD,

J .,

1 890.

1 2(1890), W ARD, J ., D AJ W ARD,

" On s ome D iggings n ear B rassington,

D erbyshire", D AJ

1 08-138.

1 891. " Cinerary U rns a nd I ncense C ups, S tanton M oor, D erbys", 4 5-51.

1 3(1891), J .,

1 892.

" On R ains C ave.

W ARD, J .,

1 893.

" On R ains C ave. T hird R eport", D AJ 1 5(1893),

W ARD,

1 900.

" Cinerary U rns f rom S tanton M oor",

J .,

S eries,

( 1900),

W AINWRIGHT,

G .J.,

E xcavations W HEELER,

D AJ

1 4(1892),

3 1-45.

1 61-176.

R eliquary 6 , New

2 5-31. a nd L ONGWORTH,

I .H.,

1 971.

D urrington W alls:

1 966-68.

H .M .,

W HEELER, H .M., D erbyshire", W HEELER,

S econd R eport",

H .M.,

D AJ 9 9(1979),

1 970.

" The F indern C ursus", D AJ 9 0(1970),

1 972.

" A L ate N eolithic S ettlement S ite a t W illington,

A ntiquity 4 6(1972), 1 979.

4 -7.

3 14-316.

" Excavtion a t W illington,

D erbyshire,

1 970-72",

5 8-220.

W ILSON, D .R., 1 975. " Causewayed C amps a nd I nterrupted D itch S ystems", A ntiquity 4 9(1975), 1 78-186.

1 51

CATALOGUE

T he

f inds a re

t his

l isted

p urpose t he

i n

a lphabetical

o rder

o f p lace

n ames,

a nd

f or

c onventional u se o f p arishes h as b een a bandoned a s

t hey a re o ften m eaningless i n p resent d ay c ircumstances. T he f ollowing o rder h as b een a dopted f or e ach e ntry T he p lace, N ational G rid r eference a nd d istance a nd d irection f rom a k nown c entre, f ollowed b y ( a) T he t ype o f o bject o r o bjects. ( b)

T he p resent o r l ast k nown w hereabouts o f t he o bject f ollowed i n b rackets b y a ny m useum a cquisition o r r eference n umber.

( c)

A s hort d escription o f t he a rtifact a nd a r eference i n b rackets t o i ts c orpus a nd

( d)

i llustration n umber. T he d ate a nd c ircumstances o f t he f ind,

( e)

s ubsequent h istory o f t he o bject. T he p rincipal l iterary s ources.

a nd

T he i llustrations a re a rranged g enerally i n t he o rder o f i mplements, p ottery, m etalwork a nd m iscellaneous a rtifacts.

l ithic

A CTON T RUSSELL, S taffs, c SJ 9 3 1 8, 5 k m S o f S tafford. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) P rivate P ossession. ( c) ( 112), m ax d iameter 7 .8 c m , h ourg lass p erforation. ( d) F ound e 1938 i n t he b ank o f t he R iver P enk. ( e) D rawing a nd d escription i n S toke-on-Trent M useum.

A DMASTON, S t. S tephens H ill F arm, S taffs, S K 0 62 2 37 o r S K 0 61 k m N o f R ugely. ( a) P ebble h ammer.

( b)

P rivate

P ossession.

( c)

( Not

2 31,

5

i llustrated),

f lattened, o val, 7 .6 b y 5 .8 c m, h our-glass p erforation a lmost c entral, S t 7 /ah ( ex S .St 7 /ah), G roup X V. ( d) F ound i n s mall w ood c alled " The R ookery" a bout 2 00/300 m etres f rom t he f armhouse. ( e) T NSFC 6 9 ( 1934 -5), 5 9; S hotton 1 959,

1 39; G unstone 1 964,

1 6 ( Blithfield); R oe 1 979,

4 7.

A LDWARK,

C urzon L odge,

D erbys,

c SK 2 3 5 6,

6 k m N W o f W irksworth.

( a) 4 p erforated s tone i mplements. ( b) B irchover M useum. ( c) ( i) F ragment o f b attle a xe ( 32), l ength 8 .2 c m , c ylindrical p erforation, D b 2 6, n ear G roup X VIII. ( ii) F ragment o f a xe h ammer ( 76), l ength 1 0.0 c m, c ylindrical/hour-glass p erforation. ( iii) F ragment o f m acehead ( 82), o void, l ength 6 .5 c m , p erforation o ffset, D b 2 8, d olerite. ( iv) F ragment o f m acehead ( 96), p estle, l ength 4 .9 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, D b 2 7, G roup I . ( d) U nknown, f ormerly i n I .Rains C ollection. ( e) ( i) R oe 1 966, N o.46; M oore a nd C ummings 1 974, 6 9; R oe 1 979,

4 2.

C ummins

( ii)

1 974,

-(iii) 6 9;

R oe

M oore

1 979,

a nd

C ummins

4 6.

1 52

1 974,

6 9.

( iv)

M oore

a nd

A LDWARK, D erbys -see a lso G REEN L OW

A LECK L OW ( formerly E lk L ow), H artington, D erbys, S K 1 75 5 95, o f B akewell.

1 0 k m S W

1 .(a) P ottery a nd f lints. ( b) B ritish M useum ( pottery -73.6-2.30). ( c) (0 P ottery v ecsel ( 347), h ybrid b eaker o r f ood v essel, h eight 1 2.2 c m, r im d iameter 1.4 c m, h ollow b ase, t wisted c ord a nd i ncised d ecoration i n h orizontal b ands, i ncluding c ord d ecoration o n i nside. ( ii) F lint p iano-convex k nife ( 184), l ength 5 .4 c m, t ogether w ith 2 f lint c ores a nd 2 f lint f lakes/implements. ( d) E lk L ow b arrow e xcavated b y J .F.Lucas a nd S .Carrington o n 5 J uly 1 866, b ut n ot c lear w hether t hese i tems w ere f ound o n t hat o ccasion. T he v essel w as p urchased b y t he B ritish M useum f rom t he e xecutrix o f J .F.Lucas i n J une 1 873. ( e) J ewitt 1 870, 7 3, f ig 1 10; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o .204; F owler 1 955, 1 08; M anby 1 957, 1 8, N o .A19; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.132; M arsden 1 977, 4 8(Hartington N ether Q uarter 2 ). 2 .(a) S tone w rist g uard . ( b) P rivate P ossession. ( a) ( 168) l ength 7 .8 c m , 6 p erforations. ( d) F ound b y C .R.Hart, f ormerly o f t he N orth D erbyshire A rchaeological T rust, i n p lough o n S W s ide o f A leck L ow i n 1 976/77 a nd 1 0 m etres f rom N eolithic s ite N o.1. F ive r ectangular s tructures h ave b een e xcavated b elow a L ate N eolithic s urface s catter, w hich i ncluded g rooved w are, b ut p articulars h ave n ot y et b een p ublished.

A LLENTON, D erbys, c SK 3 7 3 2, 4 k m S E o f D erby, ( a) S tone a xe h ammer . ( b) D erby M useum ( 285-55).(c) ( 54), l ength 2 6.3 c m , b oth f aces d ished, s emi h our-glass p erforation, D b 6 0, G roup X V. ( d) P robably f ound c 1943, e xact l ocation u nknown, c ame i nto p ossession o f M useum i n 1 955. ( e) M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 0; R oe 1 979, 4 4.

A LSOP, D erbys -see N EW I NNS B ARROW

A LSOP M OOR, D erbys -see G REEN L OW ;

a nd N ET L OWE H ILL

A LSTONEFIELD, S taffs, c SK 1 3 5 5, 1 0 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) " Stone h ammer". ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( d) F ound c 1844, e xact l ocation u nknown. ( e) G arner 1 844, 6 7; G unstone 1 964, 1 4.

A LSTONEFIELD,

S taffs -see a lso B ERESFORD H ALL ;

N ARROWDALE H ILL;

a nd

S TEEP L OW

A LTON, R ibden, S taffs, c SK 0 76 4 70, 1 3 k m N NW o f U ttoxeter. ( a) S tone s hafthole a dze. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum(K. 1 03.1979). ( c) , ( 102), l ength 1 8.3 c m, h our-glass p erforation, n arrow b utt, S t 51/a h s andstone. ( d) F ound i n A ugust 1 892 o n R ibden F arm o n h eathland n ever k nown t o h ave b een b roken u p b efore. P ossibly p art o f t he W .J.Thompson C ollection, w hich c ame i nto t he p ossession o f t he C ity o f N ottingham c 1950/55, t his i tem b eing p assed t o S toke-on-Trent M useur i n 1 979. ( e) G unstone 1 964,

1 4?

1 53

A LTON,Staffs, c SK 0 71 4 32, 9 k m N NW o f U ttoxeter. ( a) B ronze s word. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 878), l eaf-shaped, 7 r ivet h oles, 3 i n h aft a nd 2 i n e ach s houlder. ( d) F ound n ear B unbury H ill C amp h illfort. ( e) A rchaeologia 1 ( 1794), 1 881, 2 82; G unstone 1 964, 2 2.

4 31 a nd P late X IX,

A MBERGATE, b elow B at H ouse C ave, D erbys,

f ig 9 ; E vans

c SK 3 3 5 2 ,9 k m S E o f M atlock.

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 27), b oat-shaped. ( d) F ound i n v alley i mmediately b elow t he c ave c 1876 w hen l aying w ater p ipes . ( e) R eliquary, N ew S eries 5 ( 1899), 7 9 a nd f ig 5 ; R oe 1 966, 2 33, N o.45 ( Crich).

A MBION H ILL,

S utton C heney,

L eics,

S K 4 02 0 02,

8 k m N W o f H inkley.

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 455-1965). ( c) ( 8), l ength 1 0.9 c m, p art p erforated, b utt h as v ertical g roove, L e 3 0, G roup X IV. ( d) D onated i n 1 965 b y M r. V .B.Radcliffe. 7 3; R oe 1 979, 2 4 a nd 4 1.

A NSTEY,

L EICS,

c SK 5 5 0 8,

( e) M oore a nd C ummins 1 974,

6 k m NW o f L eicester.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 1-1898). ( c) ( 113), m ax d iameter 1 6.7 c m , h our-glass p erforation . p resented b y M r. T .Deacon. ( e) A QUALATE

M ERE,

F orton,

S taffs

( d)

c SJ

F ound i n

7 66

f ield n ear A nstey a nd

2 13,

3 k m

N E

o f

N ewport,

S hropshire. ( a) F ood v essels. ( b) R owley's M useum, S hrewsbury. ( c) T win f ood v essels j oined a s o ne f ood v essel ( 540), h eight 1 0.8 c m, Y orkshire v ases, s ingle g roove a nd 6 p ierced l ugs t o e ach, i nternal c onnection f rom o ne t o t he o ther i n t he n eck, t wisted c ord d ecoration i n h orizontal l ines a ll o ver. ( d) F ound c 1860 i n d raining s wamps t o N o f A qualate M ere.

( e)

C hitty

A RBOR H ILL, ( a)

F lint

1 929;

S taffs,

S K

G unstone 1 964,

1 08 5 19,

i mplements.

( b)

2 3

( Forton).

9 k m N W o f A shbourne.

B ritish

M useum.

( c)

L eaf-shaped

f lint

a rrowhead ( 245), 5 f lint i mplements/flakes a nd s mall p iece o f b one. ( d) F ound w hen b arrow o n A rbor H ill w as r eopened o n 3 0/31 J uly 1 852 b y S .Carrington.

( e) B ateman 1 855,

4 4, N os. 1 315-317

( part); a nd1861,

1 86-7.

A RBOR L OW , D erbys, S K 1 61 6 36, 8 k m S W o f B akewell. 1 .(a) S tone m acehead. ( b) B uxton M useum ( 1.102). ( c) o void,

l ength 5 .2 c m,

h our-glass p erforation.

2 .(a) S tone s hafthole a dze.

( d)

F ragment

( 88),

( e)

( b) S CM ( J1959.6/C/23).

( c)

( 105), l ength

7 3.9 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, n arrow b utt, D b 4 0, G roup X VIII. F rom A rmstrong C ollection. 3 .(a) l ength

F lint 1 4.7

C ollection.

d agger. c m, ( e)

( b)

B ritish M useum

w hitish

E vans

( e) M oore a nd C ummins

1 897,

f lint,

( 1873,

p ressure

3 52 a nd f ig 2 67.

1 5 1 4

1 974,

6 -2,142).

f laked.

( d)

6 9.

( d)

( c)

( 176),

J .F.Lucas

4 .(a) F lints. ( b) B ritish M useum . ( c) ( i) L arge f lint f lake ( 172), ( BM :- 1907,10-23,23), l ength 1 5 c m , a nd 4 o ther s imilar f lakes. ( ii) P lano-convex k nife ( 182), ( BM :- 1907, 1 0-23,22), l ength 4 .6 c m. ( iii) K nife? ( 207), ( BM :-1906,6-18,1), l ength 4 .8 c m . ( iv) M icrolith(208), ( BM :- 1906,6-18,3), l ength 3 .4 c m. ( v) M icrolith ( 209), ( BM :- 1906,61 8,4), l ength 2 .7 c m . ( vi) M icrolith ( 210), ( BM :-1906,6-18,5), l ength 2 .7 c m . ( vii) S craper ( 217), ( BM :- 1907,10-23,15), m ax d iameter 3 .2 c m . ( viii) B arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead ( 222),(BM :- 1907,10-23,19), l ength 2 .6 c m . ( ix) L eaf-shaped a rrowhead(244), ( BM :- 1906,6-18,2), l ength 2 .9 c m .(d) A rbor L ow p artially e xcavated 1 901/2 b y H .St G .Gray o n b ehalf o f t he B ritish A ssociation. ( e) G ray 1 903 a nd 1 904. 5 .(a) F lint a rrowhead. ( b) B ritish T ransverse o r p etit t ranchet a rrowhead ( e)

M useum ( 1933,1-10,16). ( c) ( 249), l ength 3 .5 c m . ( d)

6 .(a) F ood v essels a nd b one p in. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 566), ( s c m :- J93. 805), height 1 2.6 c m, r im d iameter 2 4.0 c m , b asic b ipartite v ase, w hipped c ord ( maggot) d ecoration -herring b one o n o utside o f r im a nd n eck; v ertical a nd o blique s tabs i n h orizontal b ands o n b ody; 3l ines a round i nside o f r im . ( ii) F ood v essel ( 584), ( SCM :-J93.806), h eight 1 2.3 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.8 c m, g lobular b owl, d ecoration -4 h orizontal b ands o f v ertical s tabs o n u pper p ortion a nd o ne b and o f v ertical s tabs i nside r im . ( iii) B one p in w ithout e ye ( 960), ( SCM :J 93.531), l ength 7 .4 c m . ( d) F ound i n a c ist i n t he b arrow a t t he S e ntrance o f t he c ircle w hen r eopened b y T .Bateman o n 2 3 M ay 1 845. T he 2 f ood v essels a nd t he p in, t ogether w ith a s herd o f a nother v essel, a f lint i mplement a nd a p iece o f i ron p yrites, w ere d iscovered w ith a c remation b urial i n t he c ist. ( e) ( i) B ateman 1 855, 8 6, N 44; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.214; F owler 1 955, 1 07 a nd 1 13; M anby 1 957, 1 8, N o.A21. ( ii)Bateman 1 855, 8 6, N 43; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.215; F owler 1 955, 1 07 a nd 1 13; M anby 1 957, 2 0, N o.A22. ( iii) B ateman 1 855, 6 , G 51; F owler 1 955, 1 07 a nd 1 13. ( i, i i a nd i ii) B ateman 1 848, 6 4-6; S CMCBC, 14, 1 15 a nd 1 76; M arsden 1 977, 7 0 ( Middleton a nd S merrill 1 ). 7 .(a) F ood v essel. ( b) L ost. ( c) R im s herd ( not i llustrated), w hipped ( maggot) d ecoration. ( d) F ound o n 2 3 M ay 1 845 w ith 6 a bove. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 6 5; F owler 1 955, 1 07 a nd f ig 1 9 ( e); M anby 1 957, N o.A23.

c ord

8 .(a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) U niversity o f N ottingham M useum. ( D.O. 3 45). ( c) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, s ide l ooped ( 811), l ength 9 .6 c m , s ide l oops b roken o ff . ( d) ( e) 9 .(a) J et r ing. d iameter 3 .5 c m . S CMCBC,

( b) S CM ( J93.577). ( c) ( d) F ound 9 A pril 1 852.

H alf o f a j et r ing ( 947), ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 3, G 223;

1 87).

N ear A RBOR L OW , D erbys, c SK 1 6 6 3, 8 k m S W o f B akewell. 1 .(a) F lint k nife. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 1951.11.2.22). ( c) P lano-convex k nife ( 181), l ength 9 .5 c m . ( d) F ound o n M iddleton M oor n ear A rbor L ow b y M r.

J .Titterton a nd a cquired b y M useum i n 1 951.

2 .(a) W hetstone. ( b) S CM p erforated g rey s late. ( d) N o.G339). ( e) S CMCBC, 3 7.

( J93.136). ( c) ( 159), l ength F ound n ear A rbor L ow i n 1 853

1 55

6 .6 c m, ( Bateman

N ear A RBOR L OW ,

D erbys S K

1 536 6 384,

8 k m S W o f B akewell.

( a) S hale n ecklace. ( b) S CM ( J93.434). ( c) ( 937), c onsisting o f s hale c onical ' V' p erforated b eads, t ubular b eads, s pacer p lates ( 3 d ecorated w ith d ots) a nd s mall d isc b eads, a nd o ne b one s pacer p late, o riginally 4 20 p ieces. ( d) F ound a bout t he n eck o f a f emale s keleton i n a s mall b arrow n ear A rbor L ow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 5 M arch 1 848, b eing a p rimary i nhumation i n a c ist, a nd t he s keleton o f a c hild o f a bout 4 y ears w as f ound a bove t he f emale. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 4, G 113; a nd 1 861, 2 4-6; S CMCBC, 6 1-2; E vans 1 897, 7 2 ( Middleton a nd S merrill 6 ).

4 58;

1 13;

F owler 1 955,

M arsden 1 977,

A RBOR L OW , D erbys -see a lso G IB H ILL

A RMITAGE,

S taffs,

( a) B ronze h oard. 2 b ronze v ertical

c SK 0 8

s pearheads. d ecorative

p egged s pearhead

1 6,

7 k m N W o f L ichfield.

( b) L ost. ( c) C onsisted o f 2b ronze s ocketed a xes a nd O ne s ocketed a xe ( 837) w as 1 0.8 c m l ong w ith 3 r ibs,and o ne s ocketed, l eaf-shaped, p robably

( 882) w as 1 6.5 c m l ong.

( d) F ound i n A pril 1 782 a t a

d epth o f 6 0 c m w hen d igging g round t o m ake a g arden. O nce i n G reen's M useum, L ichfield. ( e) G entleman's M agazine 5 2 ( 1782), 2 81 a nd 5 59; G unstone 1 964, 1 4.

A SHFORD I N T HE W ATER, D erbys, c SK 1 9 6 9, 2 .5 k m NW o f B akewell. 1 .(a) F ood v essels. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 541), ( SCM :-J 93.798), h eight 1.6 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.8 c m, Y orkshire v ase, s ingle g roove a nd 4 p ierced l ugs, w hipped c ord ( maggot) d ecoration i n h erringbone p attern a ll o ver a nd o n i nside o f r im. ( ii) F ragment o f f ood v essel ( 542), ( SCM :-X1972. 7 35), r im d iameter c 18 c m, Y orkshire v ase, s ingle g roove a nd p ierced l ugs, d ecoration -h orizontal b ands o f v ertical a nd o blique w hipped c ord ( maggot) i mpressions a nd h orizontal l ines o f c ord. ( d) F ound i n d emolishing a b arrow 1 .6 k m NW o f A shford i n 1 832 ( possibly a t S K 1 77 7 11) a nd p resented t o T .Bateman b y M rs. S .Bayley a nd M r.B.Sellers r espectively. ( e) ( i) B ateman 1 855, 7 9, N i; S CMCBC, 11; A bercromby 1 912, N o.A1. 1 977,

f ood v essel N o.160;

( ii) B ateman 1 855, 8 5, N 37.

F owler 1 955,

1 07; M anby 1 957,14,

( i a nd i i) B ateman 1 848, 2 8; M arsden

9 (Ashford i n t he W ater 2 ).

2 .(a) F ood v essel. d iameter 1 2.6 c m, t wisted c ord,

( b) S CM ( 1972.748). ( c) ( 585), h eight 1 2.6 c m , r im g lobular b owl, d ecoration -h orizontal b ands o f

i ncluding d iagonal l ines,

i nterspersed w ith h orizontal

b ands o f s mall c ircular s tabs o n u pper p ortion; a nd d iagonal l ines o f t wisted c ord i nside r im. ( d) F ound i n a b arrow n ear A shford d ug b y M ajor T .Ä.Harris ( possibly f rom F in C op, S K 1 75 7 05). ( e) M anby 1 957, 1 4, N o.A4?

A SHFORD I N T HE W ATER/WARDLOW, D erbys,

c SK 1 9 6 9,

3k m NW o f B akewell.

( a) F ood v essel. ( b) L ost? ( c) ( 548), h eight 1 5.5 c m, r im d iameter 1 6.5 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves a nd n o l ugs, i mpressed c ord d ecoration i n b ands o f d iagonal l ines o n l ower g roove a nd b ody, a nd 4 h orizontal l ines o f t wisted c ord i nside r im. ( d) F ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial n ear c entre o f b arrow w hen i t w as o pened b y T .Bateman o n

1 6 M ay

1 851.

( e) B ateman

1 861,

7 4;

1 56

M anby

1 957,

1 4 a n

1 5, N o.

A 5.

A SHFORD I N T HE W ATER, D erbys -see a lso S HACKLOW

A SHLEY,

S taffs -see F AIROAK

A SHOVER, D erbys, c SK 3 4 6 3, 4 k m W o f C lay C ross. 1 .(a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) B irchover M useum. ( c) U nlooped ( 770), l ength 1 4.4 c m, p lain. ( d) F ound n ear A shover b y a f armer. ( e) 2 .(a) B ronze h aft-flanged a xe. ( b) S CM ( J93.486). ( c) ( 797), l ength 1 5.2 c m, p ronounced f langes, o nly a n i ncipient s top r idge. ( d) F ound n ear " Ashover F ire E ngine". A cquired b y T .Bateman f rom t he W hite W atson C ollection. ( e) S CMCBC, 8 4.

A SHPOLE S PINNEY, N uneaton.

H igham o n t he H ill,

( a)

f lint

B eaker

a nd

b arbed

a nd

L eics, t anged

S P

a rrowhead.

p ossession. ( c) ( Not i llustrated). J WM, L eicester.

( d)

A STON-ON-TRENT,

S K 4 22 2 91,

( a)

A bout

B arrow 1 , D erbys,

1 00 s herds

o f N eolithic

3 740 9 755,

5 k m N o f

( b)

P rivate

( e) . S ource o f i nformation,

p ottery,

1 0 k m S E o f D erby.

a b eaker,

b eaker

s herds,

s herds o f l ater w are, s tone w rist-guard, f lints i ncluding a b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead, a nd c arbonised g rain. ( b) D erby M useum ( 810-1967). ( c) ( i) R im s herd o f N eolithic p ottery ( 259), p lain, G rimston/Lyles H ill s eries. ( ii) S herds o f N eolithic c arinated b owl ( 260), r im d iamater c 35 c m, p lain, G rimston/Lyles H ill s eries.(iii) B eaker ( 315), ( Derby M useum:- 810-2-1967), f ragmentary, r im d iameter 1 8.0 c m, W /MR t ype, c omb d ecoration i n h orizontal b ands o f s traight l ines w ith p lain b ands a nd b ands o f o val i ndentations ( finger n ail i mpressions?) i n b etween. ( iv) B eaker ( 316), ( Derby M useum :-810-1-1967), h eight 2 3.2 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.2 c m, W /MR t ype, c omb d ecoration i n h orizontal b ands a nd i ncised z ig z ags a nd l ozenges e tc. w ith v ertical f illing. ( v)

B ase s herd o f p robable c ollared u rn

( 527),

p lain.

( vi) R im s herd

o f p robable f ood v essel ( 606), t wisted c ord a nd i ncised d ecoration. ( vii) W all s herd o f p ossible b eaker ( 637), p lain. ( viii) S tone w ristg uard ( 167) w ith f our p erforations, l ength 7 .5 c m . ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y C .A.Hobday a nd D .Reaney i n 1 963/66. T here w as a N eolithic o ccupation l evel b elow t he b ell b arrow. B eaker ( 315), t he w rist-guard ( 167) a nd a f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrohead ( mislaid) w ere w ith t he p rimary b urial, a nd b eaker ( 316) w as w ith a s econdary b urial s lightly b elow t he s urface o f t he p rimary b arrow m ound. ( e) R eaney 1 966 a nd 1 968; M arsden

1 977,

1

( Aston-on-Trent

1 ).

A STONHILL, n ear M inninglow, D erbys, S K 2 03 5 86, 1 k m N NE o f A shbourne ( a) P ottery s herds a nd f lints. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( i) R im s herd o f N eolithic p ottery ( 261), p lain, G rimston/Lyles H ill s eries. ( ii)

R im

s herd

o f N eolithic p ottery

( 266),

e xternal b evel

d ecorated

w ith 3 h orizontal l ines o f c ord i mpressions, P eterborough w are. ( iii) S herd o f N eolithic p ottery ( 267), d ecorated w ith h erringbone c ord i mpressions, P eterborough w are.

( iv) R im a nd b ody s herds o f N eolithic

p ottery ( 269), r im d iameter c 15 c m, r im d ecorated w ith i qcised l ines, h orizontal r ow o f i mpressed h oles a round n eck, v ertical i ncised l ines

1 57

o n i nside b elow r im, s imilar t o W indmill H ill w are w ith E bbsfleet t rait . ( v) S herd ( 268), d ecorated w ith v ertical t wisted c ord i mpressions a nd d iagonal f inger n ail i mpressions i n b etween, P eterborough w are o r c ollared u rn. ( d) S urface f inds b y M r.L.Cliffe i n 1 969. ( e) M ay 1 971.

A UDLEY,

S taffs -see B IGNALL H ILL

A YLESTON P ARK, ( a)

L eics,

C ollared u rn.

c SK 5 8 0 1,

( b)

J WM ,

3k m S o f L eicester c ity c entre.

L eicester

( 3432-1887).

( c)

( 439),

h eight

1 4.1 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.4 c m, d ecoration -incised t rellis o n c ollar w ith h orizontal r ow o f f inger i mpressions a t b ase o f c ollar; a nd i ncised ( d) F ound o n 8N ovember 1 875 a t a d epth

o verlapping t riangles o n n eck. o f 1 .2 m etres. ( e) ( 1), 7 0 a nd 7 8.

B ADEN H ALL,

B rowne

E ccleshall,

1 883,

S taffs,

2 3 a nd P late I I,

S J 8 42 3 14,

f ig c ;

P owell

1 950

6 km SW o f S tone.

1 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), p erforated, S t 2 7/ah ( ex S .St 2 7/ah), G roup X II. ( d) ( e) 2 .(a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), i rregular s tone w ith h our-glass p erforation, S t 28 /a h ( ex S .St 28 /ah ), G roup X V. ( d) ( e)

B AGNALL,

S taffs -see T OMPKIN

N ear B AKEWELL,Derbys,

c SK 2 1

6 8.

( a) V arious. ( b) L ost. ( c) S tone i mplement, f lint s craper, b ronze d agger a nd j et b ead, ( not i llustrated). ( d) F ound i n a n e xcavation b y T .Bateman. ( e) B ateman 1 852, 2 17; E vans 1 897, 4 63.

B AKEWELL -see a lso B ALL C ROSS H ILL F ORT; C RACKENDALE P ASTURE;

B OLE H ILL;

a nd H ADDON F IELD

B ALEY H ILL, D erbys -see H ANSON G RANGE

B ALL C ROSS H ILL F ORT,

D erbys,

S K 2 28 6 91,

1k m N E o f B akewell.

( a) C up m arked s tones a nd j et b ead. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) C up a nd r ing s tone ( 1010), ( SCM :-J1955.3.n), ( Report N o.1), h eight 5 1 c m, l ength 9 6 c m, a r ing e ncircling 1 2 c up m arks. ( ii) C up J 1953.3.o), ( Report N o.2), h eight 3 8 c m, m arks a nd a s hort s traight l ine. ( iii) C up J 1953.3.p), ( Report N o. 3 ), f ragment 3 0 b y w orked j et

s mooth

b ead

p ossibly b y u se

( 936),

m arked s tone ( 1011), ( SCM :7 c m , 9c up l ength o f b ase 3 m arked s tone ( 1012), ( SCM :2 9 c m, 2 c up m arks o n s urface

f or g rinding.

( SCM :- J1953.3.x),

d iameter

( iv) 1 .3

F lattish, c m.

( d)

c ircular H ill

f ort

p artly e xcavated b y J .Stanley a nd S tockport G rammar S chool i n 1 952/53. C up m arked s tones, y ellow s andstone, f ound i n d itch b elow a nd i n c ollapsed s tone w alls o f f ort. ( e) S tanley 1 954.

1 58

B ALLIDON M OOR,

D erbys,

c SK 2 1

5, 5

9 k m N NE o f A shbourne.

( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) S CM ( J93.758). ( c) ( 440), h eight 2 9.5 c m, r im lternate v ertical a nd d iameter 2 3.0 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration 7 — a h orizontal p anels o n c ollar; f illed t riangles a nd c rosses o n n eck. ( d) F ound a s

a s econdary

d eposit

i n

a b arrow

o pened

b y

T .Bateman

o n

3 0

J uly 1 849, a nd i t c ontained a c remation, b one p in, f ragment o f t hin p ottery a nd f lint a rrowhead. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 3, N 114; a nd 1 861, 5 96 0; S CMCBC, 9 1; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.81; M arsden 1 977, 6 -B lackstone's L ow, S K 2 10 5 5 ) 4).

1 3 ( Ballidon

" BANKS O F T HE R IVER T RENT". ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) D erby M useum ( 825/73). ( c) S ocketed, b asal l ooped ( 810), l ength 3 9.6 c m. ( d) U nprovenanced b ut s aid t o b e f rom t he b anks o f t he R iver T rent. P urchased b y t he M useum i n d ealer i n a ntiquities i n K eighly, Y orkshire. ( e)

B ARDON

H ILL,

C harnwood

C oalville. 1 .(a) B ronze p alstave.

F orest,

L eics,

c SK

4 62

1 32,

1 973 f rom a

3 .5

k m

E

o f

( b) J WM, L eicester ( 1-1951). ( c) Unlooped ( 764),

l ength 1 6.3 c m, h ollow o n e ach s ide o f a c entral r ib. ( d) F ound c 1875 b y a l abourer, J ohn T oone, w hilst d itching a nd p resented b y M r.T.B.Besson i n 1 888. ( e) B rowne 1 888, 2 9; R owlands 1 976, 3 15. 2 .(a) B ronze s pearhead.

( b) J WM, L eicester ( 1025.1884).

l eaf-shaped, s ide l ooped M r.J.B.Ellis i n 1 884. ( e)

( 812), B rowne

( c) S ocketed,

l ength 1.7 c m. ( d) P resented 1 888, 2 8; R owlands 1 976, 3 67.

b y

B ARKBY T HORPE, L eics, S K 6 476 0 814, 7 k m N E o f L eicester. ( a) B ronze b ocketed a xe. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 503.1969). ( c) ( 831), l ength 1 0.5 c m, f aceted t ype. ( d) F ound c 1969 b eneath a n u prooted h edgerow o n H amilton G rounds F arm b y M r. h im.

( e)

T LAS 4 7

B ARLEYTHORPE,

( 1971-2),

R utland,

6 5;

L eics,

E MAB

c SK 8 4

1 2

D .Barradale a nd d onated

( 1978),

0 9,

b y

5 .

1 .5 k m N W o f O akham.

( a) B ronze s ocketed a xe. ( b) R utland C ounty M useum,Oakham ( OS 5 56). ( c) ( 827), l ength 1 0.7 c m, p lain e xcept f or m oulding o f t he m outh. ( d) F ormerly i n t he O akham S chool C ollection. ( e) C lough 1 979, 1 26.

B ARR B EACON,

n ear S utton C oldfield, W est M idlands, S P 0 61 9 74,

m N 1 k

o f B irmingham. ( a) S tone m acehead. ( b) A shmolean M useum, O xford ( 1927-3777). ( c) ( 84), o void, l ength 7 .8 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, S t 5 /ah ( ex S .St 5 /ah), q uartz d olerite, G roup X VIII? ( d) F ound i n 1 886. P art o f S ir J ohn E vans C ollection w hich w as p resented t o t he M useum b y S ir A rthur E vans i n 1 927. ( e) E vans 1 897, 2 44; G unstone 1 964, 2 4 ( Great B arr); R oe 1 979,

3 a nd 4 6.

B ARROW-ON-SOAR, L eics, c SK 5 89 1 63, 1 4 k m N o f L eicester. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 41-1870). ( c) ( 63), l ength 2 4.5 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation, L e 1 2, G roup X IV . ( d) F ound i n 1 870 a t a d epth o f 1 .2 m etres i n t he s ame f ield a s t he H oman r emains

1 59

d iscovered i n 1 867. D onated b y J .Ellis a nd S ons. ( f) B rowne 1 888, E vans 1 897, 2 00; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 3; R oe 1 979, 4 3.

B ARROW U PON T RENT, D erbys, 1 .(a) B ronze k nife.

( b)

c SK 3 5 2 8,

3 0;

8 k m S o f D erby.

D erby M useum ( 36-26).

( c)

( 806)

l ength 1 3.0

c m, f lat w ith b evelled e dges, 2 r ivet h oles w ith r ivets i n s itu. ( d) F ound i n S eptember 1 926 b etween t he c hurch a nd R iver T rent i n a lluvial c lay 1 .5 m etres b elow t he s urface a nd 1 85 m etres S o f B arrow H all. C ame i nto p ossession o f t he M useum i n 1 926. ( e) P osnansky 1 956, 1 7-8. 2 .(a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) D erby M useum ( 664-64). ( c) ( 807), s ocketed, s ide l ooped, k ite-shaped -"Irish" t ype. ( d) F ound c 1946 b y s ide o f R iver T rent o pposite " Anchor C hurch" ( SK 3 40 2 75), a fter d redging a nd p urchased b y t he M useum i n

1 964.

B ARWELL,

3 k m N E o f H inkley.

( a)

L eics,

B ucket

c SP 4 4

u rn.

( b)

9 6,

L ost.

( c)

( e)

E MAB 7 ( 1964),

( 669),

p lain

e xcept

2 .

f or a h orizontal

b and o f t humb i mpressions i mmediately b elow t he r im. ( d) D iscovered i n D ecember 1 917 w hen e xcavating f or f oundations a t t he r ear o f t he M anor H ouse, B arwell, a bout 6 0/90 c m b elow t he s urface, a nd c ontained b urnt b ones. T he m oulded r im o f a nother u rn ( lost) w as r ecove l -ed f rom t he s poil o f t he t rench. ( e) T LAS 1 8 ( 1934-35), 1 81-3 a nd P late V I.

B AT H OUSE C AVE, D erbys -see A MBERGATE

B EACON H ILL, C harnwood F orest, L eics, S K 5 1 1 4, 6 k m S SW o f L oughborough 1 .cSK 5 09 1 48. Ta) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 2.IL.1939/304.IL.1975). ( c) ( 679),

l ength

1 3.1

c m,

p lain,

f lared

b lade.(d)

S aid

t o

h ave

b een

p loughed u p o n t he NW s ide o f B eacon H ill c 1 835-40. O n i ndefinite l oan t o t he M useum f rom t he S ociety o f A ntiquaries o f L ondon. ( e) P otter 1 842, 5 0; P SAL ( 2nd S eries) 1 ( 1859-60), 4 4; E vans 1 881, 4 3. 2 .SK 5 13

1 48.

( a) B ronze h oard. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 3.IL.1946). ( c) ( i) S ocketed a xe ( 832), l ength 1 0.6 c m, f aceted t ype. ( ii) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, p egged s pearhead ( 885), l ength 1 9.2 c m. ( iii) A s imilar s pearhead ( 887), l ength 1 6.6 c m, t op m issing. ( iv) P enannular b racelet ( 898), m ax b readth 6 .9 c m, e xpanded t erminals. ( v) S ocketed g ouge ( 900), l ength 8 .9 c m. ( d) F ound i n 1 858 i n m aking a d rive a long t he n orthern s ide o f

B eacon

H ill

a nd

s aid

t o

h ave

b een

d iscovered

i n

a h ole

w ith

a

f ragment o f p ottery, c harcoal a nd b one.On i ndefinite l oan s ince 1 946 f rom C olonel A .P.Curzon-Howe H errick o f C lifton C astle, R ipon, Y orks. ( e) G entlemen's M agazine ( 1858), 6 1; E vans 1 881, 1 74, 3 21 B rowne 1 888, 2 5 -2 9; H orwood 1 911, 6 2; P owell 1 950, 6 8 -6 9.

a nd

4 66;

3 .cSK 5 09 1 48. ( a) B ronze h alf m ould f or s ocketed a xe.

( b) J WM, L eicester ( 90-1889).

( c) ( 873), l ength o f m ould 1 2.7 c m, f or a 3 r ibbed Y orkshire t ype o f 889. ( e) s ocketed a xe 1 0.8 c m l ong. ( d) D onated b y M rs. R .Benskin i n 1 P SAL

( 2nd S eries)

2 0

( 1903-5),

2 58.

1 60

B EE L OW,

Y oulgreave,

D erbys,

S K

1 916 6 472,

5 k m S W o f B akewell.

1 .(a) B eaker. ( b) S CM ( X1975.27). ( c) T hree b eaker s herds ( 352), N 2 t ype, c omb d ecoration i n h orizontal b ands o f l ' orizontal l ines, d iagonal l ines a nd t rellis. ( d) F ound i n b arrow, w hen o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 6 J une 1 843, w ith a p rimary b urial c ontaining b urnt b ones a nd p art o f a b one p in. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 3 5; a nd 1 855, 8 1, N 8; F owler 1 955, 1 04; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.154F. 2 .(a) B eaker a nd b ronze a wls. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 331), ( SCM :5 93.866), h eight 1 6.6 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.4 c m, S 2 t ype, c omb d ecoration -a b and o f d iagonal c rosse b etween b ands o f h orizontal l ines o n t he n eck; t wo h orizontal b ands f illed w ith v ertical l ines o n t he b ody s well; a nd t rellis t owards t he b ase w ith a b and o f h orizontal l ines b elow. ( ii) 2 b ronze a wls ( 730 a nd731),(SCM :-J 93.574), a nd f ragments

.9 a nd 3 .4 c m. o f 2o thers, l ength 3

( d) B arrow r eopened b y T .Bateman o n

3 May 1 851. B eaker f ound w ith a s econdary i nhumation b urial i ncluding af lint i mplement, a nd t he a wls w ere d iscovered w ith a nother s econdary i nhumation b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 3, G 226, a nd 9 7, N 156; a nd 1 861, 7 1-3; S CMCBC,147 a nd 1 86; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.52; F owler 1 955, 1 04;

C larke

1 970,

4 78,

N o.153;

M arsden 1 977,

1 01

( Youlgreave 2 ).

3 .(a) B eakers, b ronze k nife-dagger a nd f lints. i .M.Marsden). ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 312), h eight 9 .1 c m,

( b) r im

S CM ( ex * d iameter

9 .5/10.5 c m, A OC t ype, t wisted c ord d ecoration a ll o ver. F rom G ist 1 w ith i nhumation b urial. ( ii) B eaker ( 342), d isintegrated, h eight c 16.3 c m, r im d iameter c 12.0 c m, S 4 t ype, d ecorated w ith d ouble l ines o f n arrow r eversed c hevrons s hallowly i ncised. F rom a n i nhumation b urial

. ( iii) B eaker s herds ( 353), N 2 t ype, c omb d ecoration i n S o f C ist 3 h orizontal l ines, c hevrons a nd t rellis. T hese s herds a ppear t o b e f rom t he s ame b eaker a s t he s herds f ound b y B ateman i n 1 843 ( 352). F rom E o f C ist 1 . ( iv) B eaker s herds ( 355), S 2 t ype, d ecorated w ith c omb a nd w hipped c ord i n h orizontal b ands a nd n arrow p endant d iamond m otif. F rom E s ide o f b arrow . ( v) B ronze f lat r iveted k nife-dagger ( 715), l ength 6 .8 c m, o gival s hape, b evelled e dges, p ronounced m edian t hickening, r emains o f a t l east 2 , p ossibly 3 , r ivet h oles. F ound w ith a c remation a bove C ist 1 . ( vi) F our f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowheads, ( 223) l ength 2 .9 c m, ( 224) l ength 2 .6 c m, ( 225) l ength 2 .6 c m a nd ( 226) l ength

2 .0

c m.

( vii)

F lint

h ollow

b ased

o r

p etit

t ranchet

d erived

a rrowhead ( 250), l ength 3 .4 c m, ( viii) T wo a nimal t eeth ( 1005) a nd a q uantity o f f lint t ools a nd f lakes. ( d) B arrow r e-excavated b y M arsden i n 1 966/68. ( e) M arsden 1 970; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.1541.

B EEBY,

L eics,

S K 6 53

0 76,

8 km N E o f L eicester.

( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 422.1976). ( c) F ragment ( 77), l ength 1.3 c m, c ylindrical p erforation. ( d) F ound d uring f ield w alking i n

1 976.

( e)

B EECHENHILL,

E MAB

1 2

( 1978),

n ear D am,

5 .

S taffs,

c SK 1 26 5 28,

7 .5 k m N W o f A shbourne.

( a) F ood V essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.811). ( c) ( 550), h eight 1 5.9 d iameter 1 5.8 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves a nd n o l ugs,

c m, r im i ncised

d ecoration -diagonal l ines o n i nside a nd o utside o f r im; h erringbone o n n eck. ( d) F ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial o n t he r eopening o f t he s maller b arrow a t b arrow

1 855,

h aving

" Bitchinhill" b y S .Carrington o n 4 /6June

b een

9 9, N 185;

a nd

p artially 1 861,

e xcavated

1 85-6;

o n

S CMCBC,

1 61

8 J uly 1 17;

1 845

A bercrompy

1 852,

( e)

t he

B ateman

1 912,

f ood

v essel N o.186; F owler 1 955, 4 0 ( I a m 7 d). B EECHNHILL/CASTERN, ( a)

S hale

b utton.

p erforation, i mplements

S taffs, ( b)

c SK

S CM

d iameter i n

1 07; M anby 1 957,

4 .1

a b arrow

1 2

G unstone

B EELEY,

c m.

( d)

b etween

S tone

D erbys,

m acehead.

l ength 8 .9 c m, f ind

4 1

( Ilam

( c)

F ound

( 941),

w ith

B eechenhill

a nd

u nknown.

( b)

E x

S lack

Moore a nd C ummins

D erby

M useum

o pened

1 8, G 166;

b y

a nd 1 861,

a nd B URNT W OOD.

( 897-4-40).

p erforation,

7 0;

C astern

' V'

f lint

7 k m N o f M atlock.

C ollection,

1 974,

w ith a nd

1 2).

c SK 2 9 6 7,

c ylindrical

c onical

a s keleton

( e) B ateman 1 855,

D erbys -s ee a lso B UNKER'S H ILL W OOD;

B EELEY M OOR, ( a)

1 965,

8 k m NW o f A shbourne.

( J93.554).

S .Carrington o n 1 8/19 J uly 1 849. 1 52-3;

5 3,

2 6, N o.B2; G unstone 1 965,

R oe

a cquired

1 979,

( c)

( 89),

G roup X X.

D b 5 3,

b y

M useum

o void,

( d) D ate of i n

1 940.

( e)

4 6.

B EELEY M OOR, H ARLAND E DGE, D erbys, S K 2 88 6 88, 7 k m E o f B akewell. 1 .Probable s econdary b urial, 3 m etres N E o f c entre o f b arrow. ( a)

C ollared u rn a nd f lint

( 406),

i mplements.

( b)

S CM.

h eight

c m,

r im

( SCM :- 1966-227),

4 0

( c)

( i)

C ollared u rn

d iameter

2 7/29

c m,

d ecoration -t wisted c ord o n c ollar w ith f illed t riangles b etween t wo h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow ; i ncised l attice o n n eck; i mpressed d ots a nd v erticals o n s houlder; a nd i mpressed h orseshoe p attern o n b evel

i nside t he r im.

4 .6 c m,

( ii)

( SCM :- 1966-229),

2 f lint a nd

p iano-convex k nives,

( 190)

l ength 6 .4 c m,

( 189)

l ength

( SCM:- 1966-228).

( d) T he b arrow, w hich h ad b een p reviously d isturbed, w as e xcavated b y t he H unter A rchaeological

S ociety

b etween

1 960 a nd

1 962,

w hen t hese

a nd t he f ollowing f inds w ere m ade. T his u rn ( 406) w as i nverted i n t he b ody o f t he mound, a nd b elow i t t here w as a p ile o f b urnt b ones o f a y oung a dult t ogether w ith t he f lint k nives

( 189) a nd ( 190).

( e) R iley

1 966. 2 .Pit

1 .

( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( 1966-244). ( c) ( 567), h eight 1 5.1/16.6 c m, r im d iameter 1 8.8 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, p lain. ( d) F ound i nverted a nd c ontaining s and a nd a s ingle s crap o f b urnt b one. 3 .Pit

( e) A s i n 1a bove.

2 .

( a) 2 f ood v essels a nd 3 f lint k nives. ( b) S CM. ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 543), ( SCM:-1966-226) h eight 1 4.6 c m, r im d iameter 1 6.8 c m, Y orkshire v ase, s ingle g roove a nd 3 u nperforated l ugs, t wisted c ord d ecoration -filled r im.

c hevrons

( ii)

d iameter

F ood 1 7.2

b elow r im;

v essel c m,

a nd

( 551),

3 h orizontal

Y orkshire

v ase,

2 g rooves

d ecoration -4

b ands o f o pposed d iagonal

c onvex k nives,

( 186),

l engths

4 .7,

7 .3

a nd

( 187) 7 .2

c m

a nd ( 188),

f illing.

( c1670 B C).

( e)

C harcoal A s i n

l ines.

o n b evel

h eight a nd

n o

( iii)

( d)

B urnt

1 6.3 l ugs,

i nside c m,

r im

i ncised

3 f lint p lano-

( SCM :- 1966-232,

r espectively.

k nives i n t he f illing o f t he p it, o f t he

l ines

( SCM :- 1966-225),

2 30 a nd 2 31),

b ones

a nd f lint

t he 2 f ood v essels b eing a t t he t op

f rom P it

2 g ave a C 14

1 a bove.

4 .Disturbed a rea a nd e lsewhere.

1 62

d ate o f

1 490 ± 1 50 b e

( a) P ottery a nd f lints. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) F ragments o f c ollared u rn 1), ( SCM :- X1977.1057), r im d iameter c 10 c m , i ncised d ecoration ( 4 )4 -chevrons o n c ollar w ith h orizontal l ine a t t op; l attice b eneath c ollar w ith 2 h orizontal l ines b elow . ( ii) U rn f ragments ( 517), ( SCM :X 1977.1058), p robably f rom a c ordoned u rn, r im d iameter c 26 c m, d ecoration -b etween r im a nd c ordon a h orizontal l ine o f s mall i ncised m arks a bove a b and o f t wisted c ord c hevrons b ordered a bove a nd b elow b y a s ingle t wisted c ord h orizontal l ine; b elow t he c ordon t wisted c ord d iamond p attern b etween s ingle h orizontal l ines; a nd 2 h orizontal l ines o f t wisted c ord o n t he b evel i nside t he r im. ( iii) P ottery s herd ( 528), ( SCM :-1966-23 )4 ), i ndeterminate u rn f ragment, p lain, s howing i mpressed m ark o f w oven c loth ( from t he d isturbed a rea). ( iv) F ood v essel f ragments ( 568), ( SCM :- X1977.1056), r im d iameter c 14 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, t wisted c ord d ecoration -6 h orizontal l ines b elow r im ; a nd 4 h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im . ( v) F ood v essel f ragments ( 569), ( SCM :- X1977.1059), r im d iameter c 14 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, d ecoration on r im a nd n eck 3 o pposed b ands o f i ncised d iagonal l ines a bove 2 h orizontal l ines o f t wisted c ord, w hich i n t urn a re a bove 2 o pposed b ands o f i ncised d iagonal l ines. ( vi) F lint l eafs haped a rrowhead ( 246), ( SCM :- X1977.1061), b roken, l ength 2 .8 c m. ( vii) F lint f ragment ( 254), ( SCM :-X1977.1060), b urnt, l ength 2 .6 c m ; ( viii) F lint i mplement ( 257), ( SCM :- 1966-233), l ength 7 .2 . c m . ( d) F rom b elow , i n a nd o n t he b arrow. I n p articular t he f lint i mplement ( 257) w as f ound i n P it 3 . C harcoal f rom P it 3 g ave a C 14 d ate o f 1 750 ± 1 50 b e ( c1950 B C). ( e) A s i n 1a bove.

B EELEY M OOR, T RIPLE C AIRN, D erbys, S K 2 81 6 88, 7 k m E o f B akewell. 1 .Cairn A , b urial 1 . ( a) F ragments o f u rn. ( b) S CM ( X1972.315). ( c) ( 515), p robable c ordoned u rn, r im d iameter c 22/24 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration a bove t he c ordon -filled t riangles w ith a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow . ( d) P rimary b urial? F ound w ith c harcoal a nd c remated b ones o f a n a dult o f 1 6/25 y ears. T he t riple c airn a nd t he a djacent r ectangular c airn w ere e xcavated b y J .Radley i n 1 967. ( e) R adley 1 969; M arsden 1 977, 2 1 ( Beeley 1 9-22). 2 .Cairn A , b urial 2 . ( a) F ragment o f c ollared u rn. ( b) S CM ( X1972.318). ( c) ( 467), r im d iameter c 20 c m , d ecoration -crudely i ncised t riangular p attern. ( d) S econdary b urial? F ound w ith c harcoal a nd c remated b ones o f a n a dult o f a bout 2 5 y ears. ( e) A s i n 1a bove.

. 3 .Cairn A , b urial 3 ( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) S CM ( X1972.320). ( c) ( 442), h eight c 28.5 c m, r im d iameter c 21.0 c m , p lain, ( d) S econdary b urial. C ontained c remated b ones o f a n a dult o ver 2 5 y ears. ( e) A s i n 1a bove. 4 .0utside C airn A , b urial 4 . ( a) U rn f ragments. ( b) S CM ( X1972.322). ( c) P robable r im d iameter c 12/14 c m, d ecoration -oblique i ncised b elow r im, a nd t wisted c ord t riangles o r d iagonal F ound i nverted o n as tone w ith t races o f c harcoal b ut 1a bove. 5 .0utside C airns A a nd B ,

b urial 5 .

1 63

b arrel u rn ( 664), l ines i mmediately l ines b elow . ( d) n o b one.(e) A s i n

( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( X1972.323). ( c) ( 570), h eight 1 3.8 c m , r im d iameter c 13 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, t wisted c ord d ecoration -2 h orizontal l ines a bove s houlder, R adley b elieving t hat t here w ere f aint t races o f t riangles o n t he n eck. ( d) F ound u pright o n 2 s tones a nd c ontained s and r ich i n c harcoal a nd a f ew f lecks o f b one. a bove. 6 .Cairn B ,

( e)

A s i n 1

b urial 6 .

( a) F ragments o f u rn. ( b) S CM ( X1972.325). ( c) P robable c ordoned u rn ( 516), d ecoration - h orizontal r ow o f s mall p unctures b elow r im ; i ncised l attice b etween r im a nd c ordon; 2 h orizontal t wisted c ord l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) P rimary b urial. F ound w ith c remated r emains o f a y oung a dult. ( e) A s i n 1a bove. 7 .Cairn B . ( a)

F lint.

( b)

p iece o f f lint

S CM

( X1972.327).

( c)

f ound o n t he s ite.

P iece

o f

f lint

( 255).

( d)

O nly

h eight

1 2.2 c m ,

( e) A s i n 1a bove.

8 .Cairn C . ( a)

C ollared u rn.

( b)

P rivate p ossession.

( c)

( 443),

r im d iameter 1.2 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration i n a z ig z ag p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( d) F rom a s econdary b urial h igh u p i n t he c airn f ound s everal y ears b efore

1 967 b y M r.

C .Gregory.

( e)

A s i n

1 a bove.

9 .Rectangular C airn ( a) F aience. ( b) S CM ( X1971.297). ( c) S egmented f aience b ead ( 949), l ength 2 .3 c m, m ax d iameter 0 .6 c m, n early t urquoise. ( d) F ound o n t op o f ad eposit o f c harcoal a nd c remated b ones u nder a s tone a t t he c entre. ( e)

A s i n 1a bove.

B ELPER.

C harnwood A venue, M ill S treet, D erbys, S K 3 48 4 78,

D erby. ( a) S tone b attle a xe. c m,

( b) D erby M useum ( L166-58).

( c)

s emi h our-glass p erforation, D b 2 06, G roup X V.

1 2 k m N o f

( 7), l ength 1 5.8

( d) F ound i n a bout

M ay 1 957 i n c lay o n an ew h ousing s ite. O n l ong l oan f rom M r. W .A.Alton . ( e) R oe 1 966, 2 33, N o.42; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 3; R oe 1 979, 4 2.

N ear B ELPER,

D erbys,

c SK 3 4 4 7,

1 2 k m N o f D erby.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) A shmolean M useum, O xford ( 1927-3464). ( c) ( 114), m ax d iameter 1 0.5 c m, s emi-cylindrical p erforation, D b 2 09, m icaceous s andstone. ( d) E vans C ollection. ( e) E vans 1 898, 2 30.

B ENSCLIFFE W OOD,

N ewton L inford,

8 k m S SW o f L oughborough. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) L ost. w aisted b lade. 1 842,

4 2;

B ERESFORD

H ALL,

1 888,

n ear

s ocketed

" Staffordshire" ( 914). 1 4

L eics,

c SK 5 1

1 2,

( c) L ooped ( 793), l ength u nknown, p lain

( d) F ound i n 1 818 i n p lanting " Ben 's C liff".

B rowne

A shbourne. ( a) B ronze

C harnwood F orest,

( e) P otter

2 8.

A lstonefield, c hisel. ( c)

( b) ( d)

S taffs, L ost

o r

c SK

1 2

5 8,

p ossibly

1 3 t he

k m o ne

N W

o f

f rom

( e) P lot 1 686, 4 04; G anstone 1 964,

( Alstonefield).

1 6 1 4

B ETLEY, S taffs, c SJ 7 55 4 90, 1 3 k m W o f S toke-on-Trent c entre. ( a) S tone b attle a xe . ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( K 2 0-1977). ( c) ( 18), ), G roup l ength 1 4.7 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 4 0/ah ( ex N .St 12 /a h X V. ( d) F ound o n t he B etley H all E state w hen d igging o ut a w ell. P resented i n 1 922 b y M r. J .Brassington, s on o f t he f inder. ( e) T NSFC 6 2 ( 1927-8), 1 65; G unstone 1 964, 1 6; R oe 1 966, N o.175; a nd 1 979, 4 2.

B IDDULPH, S taffs, c SJ 8 8 5 6, 9 k m N o f S toke-on-Trent c entre. 1 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 39-1971). ( c) ( 58), ex N .St 1 3/ah), l ength 2 3 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation, S t 41/a h ( G roup X V. ( d) F ound n ear B iddulph . ( e) G unstone 1 964, 1 6; R oe 1 979, 4 4. 2 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( 64), l ength 1 5.4 c m, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound i n 1 937 a t M oody S treet F arm, A kesmoor L ane ( formerly M oody S treet), B iddulph ( SJ 8 76 5 77) i n t he f loor r ubble w hen d emolishing t he f arm . D rawing, p hotograph a nd d escription i n S toke-on-Trent M useum . ( e) 3 .(a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S CM ( J93.484). ( c) L ooped ( 765), l ength 1 6.0 c m, m idribbed p attern. ( d) F ound a t B iddulph. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 4, M 7; S CMCBC, 8 4; R owlands 1 976, 3 33, N o.905.

B IGGIN G RANGE, D erbys, c SK 1 47 5 90. 1 k m S W o f B akewell. ( a) B ronze t anged c hisel. ( b) S CM ( J93.480). ( c) ( 916), l ength 1.7 c m. ( d) F ound n ear B iggin G range b efore 1 855. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 4, M 8; S CMCBC, 8 3.

B IGGIN, D erbys -see L IFFS L OW

B IGNALL H ILL,

n ear A udley,

S taffs,

S J 8 31

5 06,

7 k m N W o f S toke-on-

T rent c entre . ( a) B ronze d agger. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( K31-1977). ( c) ( 714), l ength 1 2.3 c m , r emains o f 1r ivet h ole, m edian t hickening o f b lade, w hich i s f lanked o n e ach s ide b y an arrow g roove p arallel t o t he e dges. ( d) F ound c 1921 o n t op o f B ignall H ill w hile p loughing. P resented b y R ev. J .S.Caddick-Adams. ( e) T NSFC 6 1 ( 1926-7),144; a nd 6 4 ( 1929-30), 1 72; F owler 1 955, 1 31, N o.210.

unstone 1 964, 1 5 ( Audley R ural); G erloff 1 975, 11; G

B IRCHOVER, B arn F arm, D erbys, c SK 2 4 6 2, 6 k m W NW o f M atlock. ( a) S tone a nd b ronze. ( b) B irchover M useum . ( c) ( i) P ebble h ammer ( 115), m ax d iameter 7 .0 c m, h our-glass p erforation. ( ii) P erforated w hetstone ( 160), l ength 6 .7 c m, s quare i n s ection. ( iii) B ronze f lat a xe ( 681), l ength 1 4.6 c m , n arrow b utt, p lain. ( d) ( e)

B IRCHOVER, R owter R ocks, D erbys, S K 2 36 6 23, 6 k m W NW o f M atlock. ( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) B irchover M useum. ( c) ( i) B ody s herd ( 298), i ncised d ecoration -wide v ertical g rooves a t t op s eparated b y a h orizontal l ine f rom a b and o f d iagonal l ines b elow , p ossibly g rooved w are. ( ii) R im s herd ( 638), t wisted c ord d ecoratio- with t hree h orizontal l ines a nd f illed t riangles b elow , p ossibly f rom a n u rn.

1 65

( iii) B ody s herd ( 639), p lain e xcept f or a l ine o f f inger? i mpressions, p ossibly f rom a c ollared u rn. ( d) ( e)

B IRCHOVER M OOR, D erbys,

c SK 2 4

6 2,

6 k m W NW o f M atlock.

( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S CM ( J93.6). ( c) ( 65), l ength 1 9.4 c m, h ourg lass p erforation, c utting e dge b roken, D b 1 09, g reywacke. ( d) F ound i n D ecember 1 848. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 7, G 153; S CMCBC, 3 ; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1.

N ear B IRMINGHAM , W est M idlands, c SP 0 6 8 6? ( a) 2 b ronze p alstaves. ( b) S wansea M useum. ( c) ( i) U nlooped ( 758), ( Swansea M useum :- A 840.1.2), l ength 1.0 c m, s hield p attern , t op m issing. ( ii) U nlooped ( 775),

( Swansea M useum :-A840.1.1), l ength 1 4.5

c m, f langes e xtend b elow t he s top r idge. ( d) P resented t o t he R oyal I nstitution o f S outh W ales b efore 1 840. I n a ddition t here i s s aid t o b e a b ronze h aft-flanged a xe f rom t he s ame s ource i n t he M useum, b ut i t c annot b e t raced. ( e) P roceedings o f t he S ociety o f A ntiquaries, L ondon,

2 nd

S eries

3 42, N os.1023 a nd

5 (1870-3),

4 23;

T homas

1 974,

1 9;

R owlands

1 976,

1 022.

B IRMINGHAM, W est M idlands -see a lso K INGS H EATH; K ING'S N ORTON; P ERRY C OMMON;

S TECHFORD a nd S TIRCHLEY.

820 0 085, 8 k m S SE o f O akham. B ISBROOKE, R utland, L eics, S K 8 ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) P rivate p ossession . ( c) ( not i llustrated), u nlooped a nd u ndecorated. ( d) D iscovered i n M ay 1 969 i n t he b ed o f a s tream b y M r.

F .Harding.

( e)

C lough

1 979,

1 26.

B LORE, S taffs, S K 1 338 4 915, 5 k m NW o f A shbourne. ( a) C ollared u rn a nd p ygmy c up . ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) U pper p ortion o f c ollared u rn ( 414), ( SCM :- X 1975.17), r im d iameter 1 3.0 c m, i ncised orizontal b ands a bove a nd 3 b elow o n d ecoration -chevrons b etween 4 h c ollar; a nd h eight 6 .1

l attice o n b ody. ( ii) P ygmy c up ( 629), ( SCM :- J 93.882), c m, r im d iameter 7 .9 c m, b arrel-shaped, p lain, n o

p erforations. ( d) F ound i n ab arrow n ear B lore o pened b y S ,Carrington lint f lakes w ere i n a c ist o n 2 J une 1 849. T he u rn, p ygmy c up a nd 4 f w ith a c remation b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 3, N 107; a nd 1 861, 1 42; S CMCBC, 1 52 ( pygmy c up); L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.194 ( urn); G unstone 1 965,

B LORE,

3 4

( Blore w ith S winscoe 4 ).

S taffs -see a lso L ADY L OW

B LOXWICH, W est M idlands -see G REAT W YRLEY, S taffs

B LYTHE M ARSH,

n ear F orsbrook,

S taffs,

c SJ

9 6

4 1,

1 0 k m S E o f S toke-

o n-Trent c entre. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( L3-1971). 1 4.2 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation w hich i s l ength

( c) ( 61), l arge i n

p roportion t o t he r est o f t he a xe h ammer, r ounded b utt, S t 4 7/ah, G roup

1 66

X II. ( d) F ound b y s chool c hildren s omewhere i n t he M arsh S E o f B lythe M arsh S chool c 1953. O n l oan f rom M r. D ay, H eadmaster. ( e) T NSFC 8 8 ( 1953-4), 1 05; G unstone 1 962, 2 8, N o.11; a nd 1 964, 2 3 ( Forsbrook); R oe 1 979, 4 3.

B OLE H ILL,

B akewell M oor,

D erbys,

S K

1 83 6 77,

3 k m W SW o f B akewell.

( a) P oint o f b ronze d agger o r k nife. ( b) S CM ( J93.558). ( c) ( 726), l ength 4 .2 c m, w afer t hin. ( d) F ound i n t he s econd b arrow a t B ole H ill o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 9 S eptember 1 854. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 9, G 305, a nd 1 861, 9 0-1; S CMCBC, 1 83; M arsden 1 977,11 ( Bakewell 2 ?).

B ORROWASH, D erbys, ( a)

S tone

b attle

c SK 4 1 a xe.

( b)

3 4,

6 k m E o f D erby.

S CM

( J93.8).

( c)

( 26),

l ength

1 5.4

c m,

c ylindrical p erforation, t wo h orizontal s tone c ordons, b oat-shped, D b 1 23, d olerite. ( d) F ound w ith m any h uman s keletons n ear B orrowash i n c utting t he M idland R ailway. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 4 , G 36; S CMCBC, 4 ; E vans 1 897, 1 96; R oe 1 966, N o.43; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1; M arsden 1 977, 8 0

( Ockbrook

B ORTHER L OW ,

1 ).

M iddleton,

D erbys,

S K

1 971

6 085,

8 k m S SW o f B äkewell.

( a) B ronze f lat a xe . ( b) S CM ( J93.479). ( c) ( 680), l ength 4 .9 c m. ( d) Borther L ow b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 4 S eptember 1 843. T he f lat a xe w as f ound w ith t he r emains o f a " plain, c oarse u rn", a f lint a rrowhead a nd a n i nhumation b urial n ear t he o uter e dge o f t he b arrow. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 4 8; a nd 1 855, 7 4, M 11; S CMCBC, 8 3; E vans 1 897, 3 98; F owler 1 955, 1 13; M arsden 1 977, 3 8 ( Gratton 1 ).

B OSTERN, D ovedale, D erbys, c SK 1 5 5 3, 7 k m N NW o f A shbourne. ( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.790). ( c) ( 552), h eight 1 4.3 c m, r im d iameter 1 8.0 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, d ecoration -t hin w hipped c ord c hevrons a ll o ver; v ertical i ncisions o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) F ound i n a c ist i n a b arrow n ear B ostern o pened b y T .Bateman o n 3 0 M arch 1 848 w ith a c remation a nd a p iece o f s tag h orn. ( e) B ateman 1 855,

9 1, N 83; a nd 1 861, 2 7; S CMCBC,

N o.182;

F owler

1 955,

1 07;

M anby

1 07; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel

1 957,

2 4,

N o.A41;

M arsden

1 977,

9 7

( Tissington 5 ).

B OTTESFORD, L eics, c SK 8 0 3 8, 1 k m W o f G rantham. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 0S684-1951). ( a) ( 116), m ax d iameter 1 3.3 c m, h our-glass p erforation, L e 3 1, r hyolitic t uff . ( d) F ound i n a n o rnamental g rotto n ear B ottesford a nd b rought t o t he M useum b y " Flint J ack", i ts p rovenance b eing e xtremely d oubtful. ( e) B rowne 1 888,

2 5-6;

M oore a nd C ummins

1 974,

7 3 .

B RADLEY, D erbys, c SK 2 2 4 6, 4 km E o f A shbourne. ( a) C ollared u rn a nd b ronze k nife-dagger. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 62.4 . 2 5.1 a nd 6 2.4-25.2). ( a) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 444), h eight 3 7.2 c m, r im d iameter 3 4.0 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -h erringbone o n c ollar a nd

.6 c m, n eck a nd o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) K nife-dagger ( 716), l ength 6 f lat, r iveted, 3 r ivet h oles, b roken i n t wo. ( d) F ound -7 . n 7N ovember 1 860 d uring e xcavation o f a b arrow a t a p lace f ormerly k nown a s B urnt

1 67

W ood n ear B radley b y M r. C .S.Greaves, Q .C. T he u rn w as n ear t he c entre o f t he b arrow a nd c ontained w ood a sh, h uman b ones a nd t he k nife-dagger. P resented b y M r. G reaves i n 1 862. 6 9-70;

G erloff 1 975,

B RANSTON.

L eics,

1 63,

c SK 8 1

( a) S tone b attle a xe.

N o.

2 9,

( e) A rchaeological J ournal 1 8 ( 1861),

2 61;

2 2

M arsden 1 977,

( Bradley

1 2 k m SW o f G rantham .

( b) G rantham M useum ( DN34-77).

( c)

( 25),

1.0 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, b oat-shaped,

d ecorated,

X VIII.

( d)

t o

N o.104

( Lines);

F ound

B RASSINGTON, ( a)

B ronze

L ooped

i n

i ronstone w orkings

a nd

1 979,

D erbys,

( 787),

l ength

E vans C ollection

B RASSINGTON,

( e)

p rior

( b)

( e)

R oe 1 966,

5 .5 k m W o f W irksworth.

A shmolean

1 5.3 c m, E vans

( 1927-2568).

( c)

w ide c entral r ib b ut n o s ide r ibs.

( d)

1 881,

M useum,

c SK 2 20 5 62,

D erbys,

O xford

f ig 7 6.

D erbys -s ee a lso G ALLEY L OW ;

B RASSINGTON M OOR,

1 900.

S LIPER L OW

7 k m W NW o f W irksworth.

( a) S tone macehead a nd p ebble h ammer.

( b) P rivate p ossession.

F ragment

p roto-cushion,

n ear

o f m acehead

c ylindrical

h ammer

( 117),

b asalt.

( d)

B READSALL, ( a)

S tone

( e)

i n

D erbys,

2 25;

b y

M r.

M useum

8 6;

( b)

c m,

L ost.

1 974,

S taffs,

( c)

p rior

1 964,

n ear B uxton,

1 4.0

L aches,

t o

D iscovered

G unstone

b evelled e dges. 1 855,

N o.36;

P ebble

p erforation,

a nd S K 2 20 5 60

5 62

( c)

( 85),

o void,

q uartzite.

( d)

7 0.

i n

( Not 1 686

( b)

1 7

3 r ivets

5 ,

M arsden

S CMCBC,

1 977,

5 1

0 70,

i llustrated), a nd

g round

p resented

k nown

a s

( e)

8 k m

N o f

u nlooped . b y

T he

P lot

S K 0 886

( J93.438). i n

s itu,

6 870,

h im

t o

L aches

1 686,

4 03;

( d) S ir n ear

E vans

5 k m S E o f B uxton.

( c) F lat,

o mega

m ark

( d) F ound i n B rier L ow b arrow,

G 47;

9 25

( Brewood).

D erbys, S CM

c SJ

6 6;

F owler

1 955,

r iveted b lade o n

( 695),

w hich

( e) B ateman 1 848,

11;

( Hartington U pper Q uarter

1 68

b lade,

h as

o pened b y T .Bateman o n

1 2 M ay 1 845, w ith a n i nhumation, p rimary b urial. a nd

( ii)

h our-glass

( 819-5-21).

i n t he p arish o f B rewood.

B ronze d agger.

l ength

D erby

T he

J .Huntback

D ugdale.

B RIER L OW, ( a)

( i) c m,

D erbys -s ee C HURCH W ILNE R ESERVOIR

Featherstone b ut 1 881,

r ock.

( c) 1.7

1 4 k m N NE o f D erby.

3 9,

M oore a nd C ummins

W olverhampton. ( a) B ronze p alstave. W illiam

i gneous

c m ,

l ength

1 969.

c SK 3 7 ( b)

9 .3

f ield a t S K 2 20

a p loughed

B REWOOD/FEATHERSTONE,

Found

o ffset,

n ear c ylindrical p erforation, D b 5 4,

1 897,

B REASTON,

b ut

d iameter

R adford

maceheaad.

E vans

p ossibly

p erforation

F ound

l ength 7 .9 c m, ( e)

( 83),

d iscoidal,

r espectively.

l ength

L e 4 8, G roup

4 2.

c SK 2 3 5 4,

p alstave.

1 ).

G erloff 1 ).

1 975,

6 1; 4 4,

B ROAD L OW A SH, D erbys, S K 1 63 5 01, 4 k m N NW o f A shbourne. ( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM(J93.845). ( c) ( 553), h eight 1 3.8 c m, r im d iameter 1 6.0 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooveo, n o l ugs, t wisted c ord d ecoration o ver w hole b ody -v ertical i mpressions o n o utside o f r im ; h erringbone o n n eck a nd u pper p art o f b ody; b elow a b and o f o blique l ines; n ear b ase a b and o f c hequers; 1 b and o f h erringbone i nside r im. ( d) F ound i n t he s maller b arrow a t B road L ow A sh, o pened b y S .Carrington o n 1M arch 1 851, w ith a n i nhumation b urial a nd a s mall f lint s pearhead. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 7, N 155; a nd 1 861, 1 74-5; S CMCBC, 1 32-3; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.168; F owler 1 955, 1 08; M anby 1 957, 2 4, N o.A40; M arsden 1 977, 9 5 ( Thorpe 1 ).

B ROWN E DGE,

S taffs -see H ENRIDDING

m N W o f A shbourne. B ROWNSLOW , n ear C astern, S taffs, c SK 1 2 5 2, 8 k ( a) B eaker. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), b eaker f ragments. ( d) T he s mall b arrow a t C astern, k nown a s B rownslow, w as o pened b y S .Carrington i n 1 850, a nd f ragments o f a b eaker w ere f ound. I n a ddition t here w ere f inds o f a s ubsidiary i nhumation b urial w ith f lint i mplements, n ear t he c entre a c remation w ith a f lint i mplement a nd n ear t he o utside a c remation w ith a n u rn. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 1 68-9; F owler 1 955, 1 04; G unstone 1 965, 4 1 ( Ilam 1 0); C larke 1 970, 4 78, N O.121F.

B RUNTINGTHORPE, L eics, c SP 6 0 9 0, 1 4 k m S o f L eicester. 1 .(a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicster ( 62-1930). ( c) F ragment ( 118), d iameter e ll c m, h our-glass p erforation, b rown q uartzite. ( d) F ound d uring p loughing 1 9 J uly 1 930. P resented b y M r. W .Jennings i n 1 930. ( e) 2 .(a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 61-1930). ( c) L ooped ( 792), l ength 1 3.7 c m, n arrow, u ndecorated b lade. ( d) F ound o n 1 9 J uly 1 930 w hen p loughing a t B runtingthorpe a nd p resented b y M r. J ennings o f C ottage F arm i n 1 930. ( e) R owlands 1 976, m isdescribed a s " rapier/dirk/dagger".

4 05,

w here

t his

i tem

i s

90 , 7 km E of Bakewell. B UNKER'S H ILL W OOD, B eeley, D erbys, S K 2 85 6 rns. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn f ragments ( 466), h eight c 27 ( a) 3 u c m, r im d iameter c 22 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord, f illed t riangles w ith a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; b ands o f v ertical a nd h orizontal i mpressions b elow c ollar; t wisted c ord d iagonal l ines b etween a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n i nside o f r im. ( ii) S herds 468), d ecoration - t wisted c ord o blique a nd o f a c ollared u rn ( h orizontal l ines o n c ollar; h aphazard l ines o f p unctured d ots b elow c ollar;

t wisted

c ord

d iagonal

l ines

o n

i nside

o f

r im.

( iii)

I ndeterminate u rn f ragment ( 529), d ecorated w ith i ncised l ines. ( d) F ound d uring e xcavation o f ac ave i n 1 966. C harcoal w as f ound t hroughout t he c ave b ut c oncentrated a t t he e ntrance w here t he s herds w ere f ound. I t i s b elieved t hat t he c ave w as a t emporary d welling s ite r ather t han f unerary. ( e) R adley a nd C ooper 1 966, 9 8.

1 69

B URNET 'S L OW -see D EEP D ALE

B URNT W OOD, B eeley, D erbys, c SK 2 7 6 6, 6 k m E SE o f B akewell. ( a) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) S CM ( J93.474). (0 ( 682), l ength 1 3.3 c m, n arrow b utt, p lain, s light h ammered s ide f langes b ut n o v estige o f a n i ncipient s top r idge. ( d) F ound i n 1 855. ( e) S CMCBC, 8 2; F owler 1 955, 1 13.

B URTON-UPON-TRENT, S taffs, c SK 2 5 3 6. 1 .Near B urton-upon-Trent. ( a) P erforated w hetstone. ( b) B urton-upon-Trent M useum. l ength 6 .2 c m, h eel-shaped, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) 2 .Horninglow S tation ( SK 2 51

( c) ( 161), ( e) 1 7-

2 48).

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) B urton-upon-Trent M useum . ( c) L ooped ( 766), l ength 1 5.7 c m, m idribbed p attern. ( d) ( e) G unstone 1 964, 1 8; R owlands 1 976, 3 33, N o.906.

B UTTERTON, S taffs, c SJ 8 2 4 2, 6 k m S W o f S toke-on-Trent. ( a) B ronze d irk. ( b) P rivate p ossession . ( c) ( 805), l ength 1 7.0 c m, p oint m issing, f lat t apering b lade w ith n arrow b evelled e dges , t he b utt a ppearing t o h ave b een n otched. ( d) F ound i n b ankside o f as tream n ear W hitmore R oad o n t he B utterton s ide o f t he M 6 m otorway. ( e)

B UXTON, D erbys -see H ILL H EAD a nd S TAKER H ILL

C ALDON L OW , S taffs, c SK 0 80 4 87, 1 0 k m W NW o f A shbourne. ( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) B olton M useum ( A. 1 65.1969). ( c) ( 9), h ourg lass p erforation, " W .C." i ncised o n s ide . ( d) P robably f ound b y W illiam C hapman. O riginally i n t he R ooke P ennington C ollection a t t he C astleton M useum, t he c ollection b eing p urchased b y B olton M useum i n 1 888. ( e) P ennington 1 877, 6 3; G unstone 1 964, 4 2 ( Waterhouses).

C ALLING L OW , M iddleton, D erbys, S K 1 760 6 449, 6 k m S W o f B akewell. ( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) S CM ( X1975.25). ( c) ( i) B eaker s herd ( 349), Et ype, c omb d ecoration i n h orizontal l ines. ( ii) B eaker s herds ( 359), p ossibly S 2 t ype, i ncised a nd c omb d ecoration . ( d) F ound i n t he s econd b arrow a t C alling L ow F arm o pened b y T .Bateman o n 3 0 N ovember 1 846 w ith p ieces o f 2 u nburnt s keletons w hich h ad b een d isturbed b y a s ubsequent b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 9 8-9; a nd 1 855, 8 9, N 69; F owler 1 955, 1 04; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N os. 1 36 a nd 1 37; M arsden 1 977, 1 02 ( Youlgreave 5 ).

C ALLING L OW D ALE, D erbys, S K 1 83 6 54, 5 k m S W o f B akewell. ( a) P eterborough b owl a nd f lint. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) M ortlake w are ( 270), ( SCM :-J1956.76), h eight 9 .3 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.0 c m, i mpressed b ird b one d ecoration a ll o ver i n h orizontal b ands, s ingle b and o n r im , t wo b ands i nside b elow r im. ( ii) F lint b lade ( 204), ( SCM :- J1956.77), l ength 5 .0 c m . ( d) T wo c ists d iscovered b y M ajor T .A.Harris i n 1 93 6 /7 a nd e xcavated b y h im a nd M r L .Armstrong. I n c ist B w ere t ue r emains o f

1 70

a t l east 4 p ersons, f lint, c hert, 2 P eterborough w are b owls a nd a f lint b lade1 o f w hich o nly o ne b owl a nd t he b lade s urvive. ( e) P iggott 1 953; G ilks 1 971.

C ALTON M OOR, S taffs -see T HORNCLIFF L OW

C ANNOCK,

S taffs,

c SK 0 1

1 0,

8 k m S W o f R ugeley.

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( d) F ound i n 1 943 a t 1 03 G orsemoor R oad, H eathhayes, C annock. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 1 8.

C ARDER L OW , H artington, D erbys, S K 1 31

6 26,

1 0 k m S W o f B akewell.

( a) S tone b attle a xe a nd b ronze d agger. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B attle a xe ( 14), ( SCM :-J93.11), l ength 1 0.2 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation, D b 1 25, G roup X II. ( ii) D agger ( 704), ( SCM :- J93.437), l ength 1 2.7 c m, f lat, r iveted b lade, 3 r ivets i n s itu, o gival o utline, h eel w ith o utcurving c entral l obe. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 1 M ay 1 845, b oth i tems b eing f ound w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 6 3-4; a nd 1 855, 5 a nd 6 , G 48 a nd 4 9; S CMCBC, 6 -7 a nd 6 5-6; F owler 1 955, 11; M arsden 1 977, 4 6(Hartington M iddle Q uarter 1 8); ( i) E vans 1 897, 4 67; R oe 1 966, N o.44; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1; R oe 1 979, 4 1; ( ii) G erloff 1 975, 4 5, N o.42.

C ART L OW , S taffs -see T HROWLEY

m N W o f A shbourne. C ASTERN, S taffs, S K 1 2 5 2, 8 k 1 .Little L ea. ( a) B one p in. ( b) S CM ( J93.530). ( c) W ithout e ye ( 961,, l ength 9 .1 c m . ( d) F ound w hen b arrow r eopened b y S .Carrington o n 1 7 A pril 1 853 w ith a s econdary, c remation b urial, s herds o f a n u rn a nd f lint i mplements. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 8, G 292; a nd 1 861, 1 89-90; S CMCBC, 1 76. 2 .At S K 1 241 5 327. ( a) B eaker. ( b) S CM ( J93.865). ( c) ( 330), h eight 2 1.6 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.9 c m, S 2 t ype, c omb d ecoration i n h orizontal b ands i ncluding l arge l ozenges o n n eck, a nd f our b ands o f f inger n ail? i mpressions. ( d) F ound w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial i n ar ock c ut g rave i n ab arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 9 J uly 1 846. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 8 7-8; a nd 1 855, 8 8, N 63; S CMCBC, 1 45-6; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.55; F owler 1 955, 1 04; G unstone 1 965, 4 1 ( Ilam 8 ); C larke 1 970, 4 95, N o.835. 3 .At S K 1 202 5 355. ( a) 2 b one p ins. ( b) S CM ( J93.532). ( c) F ragments w ithout e yes, ( 962), l ength 5 .8 c m , a nd ( 963), l ength 2 .7 c m . ( d) F ound w ith a s econdary, c remation b urial i n a c ist w ith f lint i mplements i n a b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 4 J une 1 845. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 7 3-4: a nd 1 855, 8 , G 60;

S CMCBC,

1 76;

G unstone 1 965,

4 2

1 71

( Ilam 1 6).

C ASTE A,

S taffs -see a lso B EECHENHILL a nd B ROWNSLOW

C AULDON,Staffs,

c SK 0 7 4 9,

1 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer.

1 0 k m W NW o f A shbourne.

( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 42-1971).

( c) ( 35),

l ength 2 1.9 c m , s emi h our-glass p erforation, S t 42 /a h ( ex N .St 1) 4/ ah ), l ike G roup X V. ( d) F ound i n 1 864. P art o f G ross C ollection p resented t o M useum b y M r. M useum ( 138) i s ( Waterhouses).

G .W .Ball. ( A p ebble h ammer m arked " 32-1931" i n t he c rossed w ith t his i tem). ( e) G unstone 1 964, 4 1

2 .(a) F lint a xe. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 36-31). ( c) ( 173), l ength 7 5.8 c m, p artly p olished. ( d) P urchased 1 936. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 4 1 ( Waterhouses).

C AULDON, S taffs W ARDLOW Q UARRY

C AVERSWALL,

-see

S taffs,

a lso C ALDON

c SJ 9 52 4 29,

L OW ;

F AR

L OW ;

W ARDLOW P ASTURE a nd

8 k m S E o f S toke-on-Trent c entre.

( a) S tone m acehead. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum. ( c) ( 91), o void, d amaged, l ength 8 .9 c m , c ylindrical p erforation, S t 34 /a h ( ex N .St 5 /ah), s heard b asalt. ( d) P urchased 1 931. ( e) T NSFC 4 2 ( 1907-8), 9 7; G unstone 1 964,19.

C HARTLEY,

n ear S towe,

S taffs,

S K 0 0 2 8,

1 0 k m S W o f U ttoxeter.

1 .Near t he M anor H ouse, c SK 0 06 2 85. ( a) 2 s tone a xe h ammers. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ()4 2-50a a nd 5 0b). ( c) ( i) ( 41), l ength p erforation, S t 1 2/ah

2.5 c m , 2 ( ex S .St

b oth f aces d ished, s emi h our-glass 12 /a h ), G roup X V. ( ii) ( 52), l ength

2 6.4 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 1 5/ah ( ex S .St 1 5/ah), G roup X V. ( d) F ound i n 1 851? a nd 1 854 r espectively. F ormerly i n t he p ossession o f E arl F errers. P urchased f rom J WM, L eicester i n 1 950. ( e) T LAS 1 ( 1857), 1 34; T NSFC 8 5(1950-1), 8 6; a nd 9 4 ( 1959-60), 8 6; S hotton 1 959, 1 39; G unstone 1 962, 2 8, N os.9 a nd 1 0; G unstone 1 964, 3 6 ( Stowe); R oe 1 979, 4 4. 2 .Chartley P ark. ( a) P ebble m, 1.2 c q uartzite F arm. L ent 3 7

h ammer. ( b) S tafford M useum ( L9-q). ( c) ( 119), m ax d iameter h our-glass p erforation, S t 6 /ah ( ex S .St 6 /a h ), B unter ( not s ectioned). ( d) F ound c 1918 o n p loughed l and o n M asons b y M r. J .S.Horne. ( e) G unstone 1 962, 3 1, N o.24; a nd 1 964,

( Stowe).

3 .N o f C hartley H all,

S K 0 06 2 91.

( a)

( b)

B ronze

p alstave.

S tafford

M useum

( L116).

( c)

L ooped

( 788),

l ength 1 3.7 c m, c entral r ib b elow t he r idge b ut n o s ide r ibs, h ole b ored t hrough a bove t he r idge. ( d) F ound i n s tream b ank b y M r. J .Deville i n 1 9th c entury, p resented b y s on t o W illiam S alt L ibrary, S tafford, i n a nd

1 931

a nd l ent

1 964,

b y L ibrary t o M useum.

3 7 ( Stowe); R owlands 1 976,

N ear C HATSWORTH,

D erbys,

c SK 2 6 7 0,

1 72

( e) G unstone

1 962,

3 33, N o .907.

5 k m E NE o f B akewell.

3 0, N o.18;

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S CM ( J93.489). ( c) U nlooped ( 771), l ength 1 6.5 l m, l ow f langed, c rescentic b lade, p lain . ( d) F ound i n d raining i n 1 851. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 8, M 93; S CMCBC , 8 4.

C HATSWORTH, D erbys -see a lso E DENSOR

C HEADLE, S taffs, S K 1 0 4 3, 1 4 k m E SE o f S toke-on-Trent c entre. 1 .Coneygreave F arm , S J 9 93 4 09. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 606-43). ( c) ( 120), i rregular, l ength 1 2 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 3 7/ah ( ex N .St 8 /ah), q uartzite. ( d) P resented b y M r. E .Crowther. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 2 1 ( Draycott i n t he M oors). 2 .Near C headle. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( K122-1978). ( c) U nlooped ( 772), e nd o f h aft m issing, l ength 1 2.9 c m , p lain, ( d) D eposited w ith M useum i n 1 929. ( e) T NSFC 6 4 ( 1929 -3 0), 1 79; G unstone 33 , N o .908 . 1 964, 1 9; R owlands 1 976, 3

C HECKLEY , S taffs, c SK 0 2 3 8, 8 k m N W o f U ttoxeter. ( a) P ebble h ammer . ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), m ax d iameter 1.7 c m, h our-glass p erforation, e x S .St 1 3/ah, n ot s ectioned ( petrological N o. a bandoned). ( d) F ound c 1909 d uring c onstruction o f ab arn. F ormerly i n p ossession o f M r. F .A.Garrard, w hen s een a nd p hotographed b y M r. W .A.Seaby o f t he W est M idlands S tone A xe S urvey. S old b y M r G arrard 's w idow t o u nknown p erson. ( e) G unstone 1 962, 3 1, N o.26; a nd 1 964, 1 9.

m S o f L eek . C HEDDLETON, S taffs, c SJ 9 8 5 2, 4 k ( a) S tone m acehead? ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 1214). ( c) O void m acehead o r s haft-hole a dze ( 87), l ength 7 .3 c m, d amaged, s emic ylindrical p erforation, S t 38 /a h ( ex N .St 9 /ah)?, b asaltic c rystal t uff . ( d) ( e) G unstone 1 964, 1 9.

C HELLASTON, D erbys, S K 3 85 3 02 , 7k m S SE o f D erby. ( a) P ebble h ammer . ( b) D erby M useum ( 264-55). ( c) ( 121), m ax d iameter 1.0 c m , h our-glass p erforation, D b 6 2, q uartzite. ( d) F ound i n a rea e xcavated b y C hellaston B rickworks c 1956. ( e) P osnansky 1 956, 1 4; D AJ 7 6 ( 1956), 6 5; F ord a nd H ughes 1 963; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 0.

C HELMORTON, D erbys -see N ETHERLOW

7 7 0 . N ear C HESTERFIELD, D erbys, c SK 3 ( a) S tone m acehead. ( b) D erby M useum ( 17-45). ( c) ( 86), o void, l ength 7 .7 c m , s emi-cylindrical p erforation, q uartzite. ( d) F ound c 1918. R eceived f rom J WM ,

L eicester i n 1 945.

( e)

C HURCH W ILNE R ESERVOIR, B reaston, D erbys, c SK 4 6 3 2 , 1 k m E SE o f D erby.

1 73

( a) B ronze d irk. ( b) S evern-Trent W ater A uthority. ( c) ( 801), l ength 2 1.9 =, 2 r ivet h oles, l ozenge s ection, t apering m idrib. ( d) F ound i n 1 968 d uring c onstruction o f r eservoir. ( e) E MAB 1 0 ( 1974), 3 .

C LAY C ROSS, D erbys, S K 3 98 6 62, 5 k m S o f C hesterfield. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), D b 2 04, G roup X IV. ( d) ( e) M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 2.

C LIFFE H ALL, S tanton-under Bardon, L eics, c SK 4 7 1, 1 k m S W o f L oughborough. ( a) F lint a xe. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 39-1861). ( c) S eamer t ype ( 177), l ength 1 6.5 c m . ( d) F ound i n 1 858. D onated b y t he M isses R oby . ( e) E vans 1 897, 1 03.

C OALVILLE,

L eics,

c SK 4 2

1 3,

1 2 k m S W o f L oughborough.

( a) U rn a nd p ygmy c up. ( b) L ost/private p ossession . ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( d) F ound p re-1939 o n a " hill n ear C oalville", p ossibly B arden H ill. T he f inder s old t he p ygmy c up t o G aze C ooper, b ut t he u rn w ent e leswhere. P ygmy c up s aid t o b e s imilar t o t hat f rom M ountsorrel ( 640). ( Information f rom J WM , L eicester). ( e)

C OCKLOW , S taffs -see L EEK

C OLD E ATON, D erbys c SK 1 4 5 6,

1 0 k m N o f A shbourne.

( a) F ood v essel a nd b ronze r ivet. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 73.6-2 .28 a nd 6 3). ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 544), h eight 1 0.4 c m , r im d iameter 1 5.0 c m, Y orkshire v ase, s ingle g roove a nd 4 p erforated l ugs, t wisted c ord d ecoration i n a ll o ver h erringbone p attern . ( ii) P lug r ivet ( 741). ( d) D iscovered w ith a c remation b urial i n a b arrow o pened i n 1 865. P art o f J .F.Lucas C ollection p urchased i n 1 873. ( e) A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.127; F owler 1 955, 1 08; M anby 1 957, 1 6, N o.A10; M arsden 1 977, 3 2 ( Eaton a nd A lsop 6 ).

C OLWICH, S wansmoor, S taffs, c SK 0 19 2 44, 6 k m N W o f R ugeley. ( a) B ronze i mplement. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( d) P loughed u p i n 1 869, f ormerly a t I ngestre H all, n ow l ost. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 2 0.

C OP M ERE, n ear S ugnall, S taffs, c SJ 8 0 2 9, 1 k m S W o f S tone. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession? ( c) ( not i llustrated), S .St 9 /ah p er G unstone 1 964, b ut t his p etrological N o . a bandoned p er B irmingham M useum l ist. ( d) F ound 1 948. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 2 1 ( Eccleshall);

R oe 1 966, N o.176.

C OSSINGTON, L EICS, S K 6 05 1 28, 9 k m N O F L EICESTER. 1 .Site 1 ( smaller b arrow). rns. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 982-1975). ( c) ( i) B arrel u rn ( 661), ( a) 3 u h eight c 22 c m, r im d iameter 2 3 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -chevrons orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow . ( ii) R im o f a p robable b etween 3 h b arrel u rn ( 662), r im d iameter 2 2 c m, d ecoration t wisted c ord c hevrons

1 7 1 4

b etween a h orizontal m arks o n

s houlder.

d iameter

2 2

c m,

l ine

a bove

a nd b elow o n

n eck;

i ncised

( iii) H alf r im o f a p robable b arrel

3 h orizontal

i ncised

l ines

b elow

v ertical

u rn ( 663),

r im.

( d)

r im

B arrow

e xcavated b y T VARC i n 1 976. T hese u rns a re f rom a g roup o f 1 c remation b urials t o S E o f b arrow. ( e) E MAB 1 2 ( 1978), 7 . 2 .Site 2 ( larger b arrow), ( a)

P ottery,

s tone a nd

F ood v essel ( 593), i ncised

p rimary b urial.

f lint.

h eight

d ecoration

-3

( b)

J WM,

1 9.2 c m,

L eicester

h orizontal

b ands

l ower w ithin a b and o f l ozenges, o n n eck. 6 .4 c m,

r im d iameter 8 .5 c m,

( 982-1975).

r im d iameter 1 7.9 c m, o f

v ertical

( c)

( i)

r idged v ase,

i ncisions,

t he

( ii) P ygmy c up ( 611), h eight

s imilar t o a m iniature Y orkshire v ase,

7

p erforated l ugs ( 1 m issing), s tab d ecoration. ( iii) S mall s tone b owl ( 169)- diameter 6 .7 c m, p lain e xcept f or i ncised s trokes o n b ase. ( iv) 3 f lint l ength

p iano-convex

4 .1

p rimary, ( 1978),

c m a nd

k nives,

( 193),

i nhumation

( 191),

l ength

b urial

i n

l ength c m.

4 • 1 4

6 .3

( d)

c m,

f ragment

R ecovered

a s ub-rectangular

i n

p it.

1 976

( e)

( 192) f rom

EMAB

1 2

7 .

3 .Site 2 ( larger b arrow), ( a) Pottery.

o ther b urials.

( b) J WM, L eicester ( 982-1975).

( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 445),

h eight 1 7.0 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.2 c m, w hipped c ord ( maggot) d ecoration o n c ollar a nd n eck i n h erringbone p attern. ( ii) C ollared u rn ( 446), h eight

1 2.7

l ines o n

c m,

r im

c ollar;

o f c ollared

u rn

d iameter

1 0.4

c m,

i ncised

s tabs

a nd

d iagonal

l ines

( 456),

r im

d iameter

c 24

d ecoration -diagonal

o n n eck.

c m,

( iii)

t wisted

c ord

U pper

p art

d ecoration

v ertical l ines w ith s hort o blique l ines b etween o n c ollar; h orizontal l ine b etween o blique l ines o n n eck; o blique l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( iv) F ood v essel ( 571), h eight 1 3.0 c m, r im d iameter 1 4.0 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase,

d ecoration -w hipped c ord ( maggot) i n h orizontal b ands

o f

v ertical

o blique

a nd

b evel i nside.

C OTTESMORE, ( a)

i mpressions

( c !) R ecovered

R utland,

Bronze h oard.

( b)

L eics,

1 976.

a ll

o ver:

( e) E MAB

c SK 9 0

1 4,

1 2

b and

o f

( 1978),

p unctures

7 k m N E o f O akham.

R utland C ounty M useum,

O akham ( OS 3 81).

i tems a re a s f ollows C orpus No. ( 826)

A quisition N o.

A rtifact

O S

S ocketed a xe, p lain a nd u nfaceted, 9 .5 c m l ong.

3 81- B.6.b

( 835)

B .6.a

S ocketed a xe o f p lain,

( 869)

B .6.c

f aceted t ype 1 0.9 c m l ong. F ragment o f s ocketed a xe i ncluding c utting e dge,

5 c m

d eep. ( 870)

B .6.d

F ragment

o f s ocketed a xe

i ncluding c utting e dge, 2 .6 c m d eep. ( 877) ( 883)

B .6.k B .6.e

Sword f ragment 5 .6 c m l ong. S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, p robably p egged, s pearhead, l ength

1 2.1

c m.

( 901)

B .6.g

S ocketed g ouge

( 902)

B .6.h

S ocketed g ouge 6 .9 c m l ong.

( 903)

B .6.i

S ocketed g ouge 7 .4 c m l ong.

( 905)

B .6.f

S ocketed c hisel

1 75

o n

7 .

1 0 c m l ong.

1

c m l ong.

( c) T he

( d) F ound i n 1 906 i n t he i ronstone w orkings a t C ottesmore. I n 1 908 i n t he p ossession o f M r. V .B.Crowther-Beynon a nd l ater i n t he O akham S chool C ollection, f rom w hich i t p assed t o t he R utland C ounty M useum. ( e) T he R utland M agazine 3 ( 1907-8), 2 15-218; C lough 1 979, 17-9.

C RACKENDALE B akewell.

P ASTURE,

B akewell,

D erbys,

S K

2 099

7 052,

2 k m

N W

o f

( a) B eaker a nd h orn. ( b) S CM ( X1975.19). ( e) ( i) B eaker s herds ( 357), S 2 t ype, i ncised a nd c omb d ecoration. ( ii) I mplement f rom e nd o f s tag h orn ( 1007), l ength 5 .7 c m . ( d) F ound i n c entre o f ab arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 3 A pril 1 851 w ith r emains o f a t l east 3 a dults a nd 1 c hild a nd p ieces o f b urnt b one. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 7 1; F owler 1 955, 1 04; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.125.

C RAKE L OW , T issington, D erbys, S K 1 717 5 333, 7 k m N o f A shbourne. 1 .(a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.833). ( c) ( 591), h eight 1 3.8 c m , r im d iameter 1 2.8 c m, b ucket-shaped, u ndecorated e xcept f or s ome f aint r andom i mpressions f rom t hin w hipped c ord. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 6 J uly 1 848, t he f ood v essel b eing d iscovered b etween a c remation a nd a n i nhumation b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 1, . N 89; a nd 1 861, 3 7-8; S CMCBC, 1 26; F owler 1 955, 1 08; M anby 1 957, 2 4, N o.A42; M arsden 1 977, 9 7 ( Tissington 7 ). 2 .Pygmy c up. ( b) S CM ( J1957.113). ( e) ( 627), h eight 7 .3 c m , r im d iameter 7 .8 c m, g lobular, p lain, n o p erforations. ( d) F ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial o n o pening a s tone q uarry a t e dge o f t he b arrow i n D ecember 1 850. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 3 7-8; F owler 1 955, 1 08.

C RICH, D erbys -see A MBERGATE.

C ROFT, L eics, c SP 5 1 9 5, 1 k m S W o f L eicester. ( a) F langed a xe . ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 694). ( d) F ound n ear t he F oss W ay p rior t o 1 810. ( e) N ichols 1 811, 6 05 a nd P late X CIX, f ig 4 . L arger i llustration i n s crapbook i n J WM , L eicester ( 38-1931), " Isaac C ope F owke H is C ommon P lace B ook 1 810".

C ROMFORD, D ene Q uarry, D erbys, c SK 2 9 5 6, 4 k m S o f M atlock. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) D erby M useum ( L 1 76-64). ( e) U nlooped ( 749), l ength 1 9.4 c m, s hield p attern . ( d) O n l oan s ince 1 964. ( e)

C RONKSTONE, D erbys -see W AGGON L OW

C ROSSLOW , P arwich, D erbys, S K 1 62 5 56, 9 k m N NW o f A shbourne . ( a) 4 f ood v essels. ( b) S CM. ( c) ( i) ( 554), ( SCM :- J93.847), h eight 1 4.8 c m, r im d iameter 1 6.8 c m, Y orkshire v ase , 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, w hipped c ord d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n o utside; b and o f h erringbone o n b evel i nside r im . ( ii) ( 572), ( SCM :-J93.799), h eight 1 0.2 c m , r im d iameter 1 3.8 c m , b asic b ipartite v ase, t wisted c ord d ecoration -b and o f v ertical l ines o n o utside o f r ir; h erringbone p attern o n n eck a nd b ody; h erringbone o n b evel i nside r im . ( iii) ( 573),

1 76

( SCM :-J 93.820), h eight 1 5.4 c m, r im d iameter 1 4.7 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, d ecoration - t wo b ands o f o blique w hipped c ord ( maggot) i mpressions o n n eck; t wisted c ord h orizontal l ine o n b evel i nside r im. ( iv) ( 586), ( SCM :- J93.837), h eight 8 .5 c m, r im d iameter 1 0.6 c m, g lobular b owl, 3 b ands o f w hipped c ord ( maggot) v ertical i mpressions. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 9 S eptember 1 843. ( 554) f ound w ith a c remation b urial o f 2 c hildren a t f eet o f t he p rimary b urial; ( 572) w ith a s econdary, i nhumation b urial a nd a b one p in; ( 573) w ith p rimary, i nhumation

b urial

i n

c ist,

a nd

( 586)

w ith

a s econdary,

i nhumation

b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 4 9; a nd 1 855, 8 3, N 26, N 24, N 25 a nd N 27; S CMCBC, 1 38, 1 12, 1 21 a nd 1 28; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essels N os. 6 6, 6 8, 6 5 a nd 6 7; F owler 1 955, 1 08; M anby 1 957, 2 1, N os. A 29, A 31, A 30 a nd A 32; M arsden 1 977, 3 1 ( Eaton a nd A lsop 5 ).

C URDWORTH, W arwicks,

S P

1 67 9 25,

6 km S E o f S utton C oldfield.

( a) Bronze p alstave. ( b) B irmingham M useum ( 18.49). ( c) U nlooped ( 750), l ength 1 7.5 c m, s hield p attern, h ole b ored t hrough a bove s top r idge. ( d) F ound c 1923. ( e) 1 976, 3 42, N o.1025.

C URZON L ODGE,

D ARLEY DALE,

T BWAS

4 9

( 1923),

7 6;

T homas

1 974,

2 6;

R owlands

D erbys -see A LDWARK

S tancliffe,

c SK 2 67 6 38,

5 k m N W o f M atlock.

1 .(a) 3 c ollared u rns. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( i) ( 447), t wisted c ord d ecoration -v ertical l ines w ith a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar. 448), twisted c ord d ecoration - filled t riangles b etween 3 ( ii) ( h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar. ( iii) ( 449), d ecoration -t wisted c ord c hevrons w ith a h orizontal l ine o f s tab o r m aggot i mpressions a bove a nd b elow o n t he c ollar. ( d) F ound i n 1 871 a nd s old a t D erby i n 1 883. ( e) J ewitt 1 883, 4 -5; R adley 1 969, 1 3-4. 2 .(a) C ordoned u rn.

( b)

Y orkshire M useum ( 1088.47).

( c)

( 508), h eight

2 3.4 c m, r im d iameter 1 6.7 c m, t wo c ordons, t wisted c ord d ecoration -filled t riangles a bove t he u pper c ordon. ( d) F ound c 1873 a nd s old a t D erby i n 1 883. ( e) R adley 1 969, 1 3-4; 3 .(a) Barrel u rn.

( b)

J ewitt

1 883,

4 ;

A bercromby

S toke-on-Trent M useum.

1 912,

u rn

N o.481;

( c) ( 668), r im d iameter

c 24 c m, 1 h orizontally p ierced l ug r emaining, t wisted c ord d ecoration -3 horizontal l ines a bove c hevrons a nd 2 h orizontal l ines b elow, s urmounting a b and o f v ertical z igzags b etween h orizontal l ines. ( d) F ound c 1870 a nd s old a t D erby i n 1 881. P robably p assed f rom t he J ewitt C ollection t o M r. W .H.Goss o f S toke-on-Trent a rd l ater p resented t o t he M useum . ( e) J ewitt 1 870, 9 5, f ig 9 8; a nd 1 883, 9 ; R adley 1 969, 1 34 ;

M arsden 1 977,

4 .(a)

B ronze

2 9

( Darley D ale 2 ).

p alstave.

( b)

S CM

( J93.490).

( c)

L ooped

( 781),

l ength

1 4.9 c m, m idribbed p attern, l ow f langed. ( d) F ound a t S tonecliffe 844. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 4, M 12; S CMCBC, 8 4. Q uarry o n 1J uly 1

1 77

D ARLEY D ALE,

D erbys -s ee a lso M ATLOCK;

D EEPDALE, S taffs, 1 .Barrow ( 1846). ( a)

B eaker

d ecoration i mpressed

c SK 0 8

f ragments.

5 3,

1

( b)

L ost.

- h orizontal s hort

a nd

v ertical

o r

O KER H ILL

k m NW o f A shbourne. ( c)

d iagonal o blique

( 368), c omb

l ines

i ndeterminate

l ine

w ith

b etween.

t ype,

i ncised

( d)

F ound

o r

i n

a

b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman i n May 1 846 w ith a d isturbed, i nhumation b urial, a p robable b racelet o f l ead w ire, a nd f lint. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 8 5; B ateman/Jewitt N o. 8 24F.

M S,

B 33;

Fowler

1 955,

1 04;

C larke

1 970,

4 95,

l ength 1 3.7 c m,

f lat,

2 .Burnet's L ow. ( a) B ronze d agger. r iveted b lade,

( b) S CM ( J93.440).

3 r ivets i n s itu,

( c)

( 697),

o mega m ark.

( d) D iscovered i n b arrow

o pened b y S .Carrington o n 1 9 J une 1 848 w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n a c ist. 1 955,

( e) Bateman, 1 855 1 5, G 135; a nd 1 861, 1 15; S CMCBC, 6 7-8; F owler erloff 1 975, 4 4, N o.37; G unstone 1 965, 3 8 ( Grindon 3 ). 11; G

D EEPDALE,

D ERBY,

S taffs -s ee a lso M OUSE L OW

c SK 3 5

3 6.

( a) S tone s hafthole a dze. d iameter

1

c m,

( b) D erby M useum ( 819-3-21).

d iscoidal,

F ound s omewhere i n D erby. b y t he M useum i n

N ear D ERBY,

1 921.

c SK 3 5

h our-glass p erforation,

D b

( c)

( 109), m ax

2 6,

t uff .

( d)

F ormerly i n t he P ullen C ollection a cquired

( e) Moore a nd C ummins

1 974,

7 0.

3 6.

( a) B ronze s ocketed s ickle. ( b) L ost? ( c) ( 899), r ound s ocket p laced l aterally t o t he b lade, c losed s ocket t op, s ingle r ivet h ole a nd c urved b lade.

( d) F ormerly i n t he P itt-Rivers M useum, F arnham, Dorset, w hich

i s n ow c losed, t he C ollection b eing d ispersed. 2 43; P osnansky 1 956, 1 7-8.

( e) F ox

1 939,

28 a nd 2

D ERBY o r D ERBYSHIRE. ( a) S tone b attle a xe. c m,

( b) D erby M useum ( 776-66).

( c)

s emi h our-glass p erforation, D b , G roup X V?

( 10),

l ength 1.6

( d) B elieved t o h ave

b een f ound i n D erby o r D erbyshire. E x T hompson C ollection, N ottingham C astle M useum, p assed t o D erby M useum i n 1 966. ( e) R oe 1 979, 4 4?

D ERBYSHIRE. 1 .Bronze i ngot t ore. ( b) S CM ( J98.16). ( c) ( 747), m ax d iameter 1 5.2 c m, c urved t erminals. ( d) P urchased a t S tevens a uction s ale, L ondon, 1 898.

( e)

2 .(a)

B ronze

( 867),

i tems.

( b)

S toke-on-Trent

( Museum:- K 29-1977),

l ength

1 2.2

M useum. c m,

( c)

( i)

S ocketed a xe

B reton t ype,

t op

b roken

b ut r emains o f l oop. ( ii) S ocketed c hisel ( 904), ( Museum:-K 26-1977), l ength 6 .2 c m. ( iii) S ocketed m acehead ( 915), ( Museum:- K 28-1977), h eight 5 .3 c m , b eing

a t

4 5

3s ets o f 4s pikes, e ach s et a bove t he ( ) the-, t he s pikes

d egrees

t o

t he

s et

b elow,

1 78

a nd

2 o f

1 2

s pikes

m issing,

s ingle

h ole

L .Jewitt f igs 9 7,

i n

s ide

C ollection, 9 8 a nd 9 9.

D OLL T OR,

D OW L OW,

o f

s ocket

f or

a p eg.

( d)

P robably

w hich p assed t o W .H.Goss.

( e)

p art

J ewitt

o f

t he

1 877,

5 7,

D erbys -see S TANTON M OOR

E arl S terndale,

D erbys S K 0 931

7k m S E o f B uxton.

6 765,

( a) B ronze d agger. ( b) S CM ( J93.444). ( c) ( 712), l ength 1 2.4 c m , f lat, r iveted, b road b lade w ith r ounded b utt, 2 r ivet h oles a nd c entral itu. 3 c hevrons o n b lade c hased w ith s mall p unched n otch, 2 r ivets i n s h oles a nd o mega l ine m arked w ith s imilar h oles. ( d) F ound i n D ow L ow b arrow, o pened b y T .Bateman o n 5 S eptember 1 846, w ith a p rimary, i nhumation b urial a nd a p iece o f i ron a nd a f lint i mplement. ( e) B ateman 1 848,

9 6;

a nd 1 855,

1 2, G 85; S CMCBC, 6 9; E vans 1 897, 3 13; F owler 1 955,

11; D 5; G erloff AJ 7 8 ( 1958), 9 ( Hartington U pper Q uarter 2 ).

1 975,

6 8,

N o.105;

M arsden

1 977,

N ear D OW L OW, E arl S terndale, S K 0 9 6 7, 7 k m S E o f B uxton. ( a) B eaker, f lint, a nd s hale b utton. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B eaker ( SCM :- J 93.859), d ecoration

h eight

- lozenges

1 7.1

c m,

b etween

r im d iameter v ertical

a nd

1.8 c m,

( 339),

S 3 t ype,

h orizontal

5 1

l ines.

c omb ( ii)

F lint, 3 m icroliths ( 211, 2 12 a nd 2 13) a nd 1 s craper ( 218). ( iii) S hale b utton

( 942),

( SCM :- - J 93.576),

c onical,

d iameter

2 .4

c m,

' V'

p erforation. ( d) F ound i n a b arrow n ear D ow L ow, o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 0 J uly 1 848, w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n a r ock c ut c ist. ( e) 1, N 90: 3 5, 176?, a nd 1 6, G 138; a nd 1 861, 3 8; S CMCBC, B ateman 1 855, 9 1 41,

1 42

C larke

a nd

1 970,

1 87;

A bercromby

4 78, N o.128;

1 912,

b eaker N o.63;

M arsden 1 977,

5 4

F owler

1 955,

1 04;

( Hartington U pper Q uarter

1 7).

D RAKELOW,

D erbys,

4 k m S o f B urton-upon-Trent.

1 .Royale F arm, S K 2 54 1 91. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) B urton-upon-Trent M useum ( 1953-2). ( c) ( 47), l ength 2 0.4 c m, b oth f aces d ished, s emi-cylindrical p erforation, D b 979. 1 79, d olerite. ( d) ( e) C ummins a nd M oore 1 974, 7 2; L eahy 1 2 .SK 2 24 1 96. ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) D erby M useum ( 639/1977). ( c) ( 809), s ocketed, b asal l ooped, l ength 2 3.3 c m. ( d) F ound n ear W b ank o f R . T rent i n F eb/March

1 977 a t d epth o f c 30 c m.

D RAYCOTT I N T HE M OORS, c entre. ( a) S tone

a xe

G unstone 1 964,

D UNTON B ASSETT.

h ammer.

S taffs, ( b)

( e) E MAB

c SJ 9 8 4 0,

L ost.

( c)

( Not

1 2

( 1978),

1 .

1 3 k m S E o f S toke-on-Trent i llustrated).

( d)

( e)

2 1.

L eics,

c SP 5 4 9 0,

1 4 k m S SW o f L eicester.

( a) P ebble h ammer . ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 468-1974). ( e) ( 123), l ength 1 2.3 c m , h our-glass p erforation, L e 5 0, i ron-stained s ilty c hert. ( d) F ound i n g arden o f " Sambourne", C hurch C lose, D unton B Lssett. ( e)

1 79

E ARL S HILTON, L eics, 1 .cSP 4 62 9 77.

5 k m N E o f H inkley.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 96-1972). ( c) ( 122), m ax d iameter 1 0.7 c m , d iscoidal, h our-glass p erforation, L e 4 9, o phitic g abbro. ( d) F ound i n 1 950 a t 1 05-7 W ood S treet, E arl S hilton. D onated b y M rs. D .J.Jones. ( e) 2 .cSP 4 7 9 5. T a) S tone m aul. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 143-1962). ( c) ( 152), l ength 1 7.0 c m, o ne e nd r ounded a nd o ther p ointed, g roove a round c ircumference a t m edian p oint. ( d) F ound a t t he W astes, E arl S hilton, n ear t he b rook. P resented b y M r. G .H.Foster. ( e) 3 .3K 4 56 9 75. ( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 77-1938). ( c) ( 407), h eight 2 8.5 c m , r im d iameter 2 0.4 c m, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck; b and o f v ertical l ines i nside r im . ( d) F ound i n a s and p it, i nverted w ith c remation. D onated b y M r. D .Astley. ( e) P owell 1 950 ( 1), 7 0 a nd 7 8; L ongworth 1 961, 2 97, N o .164.

E ARL S TERNDALE, D erbys, c SK 0 9 6 7, 7 k m S E o f B uxton. ( a) B ronze s ocketed a xe. ( b) B uxton M useum. ( c) ( 853), l ength 1.0 c m, 3v ertical i ndentations. ( d) F ound a t f oot o f P arker 's H ill i n 1 888.

( e ) E ARL S TERNDALE -see a lso D OW L OW ;

a nd H ITTER H ILL

E CCLESHALL, S taffs -see B ADEN H ALL;

E DENSOR,

F AIROAK ;

a nd N ELSON H ALL

n ear C hatsworth, D erbys, S K 2 532 6 991,

3k m E NE o f B akewell.

( a) S tone s hafthole a dze. ( b) S CM ( J1974.645). ( c) ( 106), l ength 1 0.8 c m, D b 2 26, G roup X V. ( d) F ound i n d isturbed g round a bout 1m etre b elow s urface o n o riginal b uried s urface b y M r. S melt, w ho d onated i t. ( e) C ollis 1 974, 5 ; R oe 1 979, 4 6.

E LDER B USH C AVE, S taffs -see W ETTON

E LK L OW , D erbys -see A LECK L OW

E LKSTONE, S taffs, c SK 0 5 5 8, 1 5 k m S o f B uxton. 1 .Barrow 1 . ( a) B ronze a wl. ( b) S CM ( J93.561). ( c) ( 736), l ength 5 .5 c m,

s quare

s ection a t m edian p oint. ( d) F ound w hen t he b arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 3 1 A ugust 1 850 w ith a n i nhumation b urial a nd f lint i mplements. ( e) B ateman 1 8 5, 2 0, G 189; a nd 1 861, 1 71; S CMCBC, 1 84; G unstone 1 965, 5 1 ( Warslow a nd E lkstone 5 ). 2 .Barrow 2 . ( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( X1972.342). ( c) ( 545), 1.8 c m , r im d iameter 1 5.0 c m, Y orkshire v ase,

1 80

h eigh t ( remaining) s ingle g roove a nd

p erforated l ugs, d ecoration -o n n eck a nd i n g roove b ands o f v ertical i ncised l ines b etween p airs o f h orizontal t wisted c ord l ines; i ncised c hevrons o n b ody. ( d) F ound o n t he o pening o f t he b arrow b y S .Carrington o n 3 1

A ugust

1 850 w ith a c remation b urial,

b eing f ound i n t he b arrow .

2 i nhumation b urials a lso

( e) B ateman 1 855,

9 4, N 126;

a nd

1 861,

2 ; F owler 1 955, 1 08; M anby 1 957, 2 9, N o.C2; G unstone 1 965, 5 1 a nd E lkstone 6 ).

E LTON,

G ratton F arm,

( a) P ebble h ammer.

D erbys,

S K

1 98

6 05,

1 71-

( Warslow

1 0 k m W o f M atlock.

( b) P rivate p ossession.

( c) F ragment

( 124),

l ength

6 .0 c m, h our-glass p erforation, p robably f ashioned f rom a b utt f ragment o f a n a xe, D b 1 92, G roup X X. ( d) F ound w hen a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 2; R oe 1 979, 4 7.

f ield w alking.

97, 8 km W o f M atlock. E LTON C OMMON, D erbys c SK 2 15 5 ( a) G rooved w are f ragment. ( b) D erby M useum ( M485). ( 285), 2 d iagonal g rooves. 1 968,

4 1,

f ig 3 ;

( d) F ound i n f ield 2 3.

W ainwright

a nd L ongworth

( c)

( e)

M oore

B ase

s herd

( e) R adley a nd C ooper

1 971,

2 73,

N o.13.

0, 8 k m W o f Matlock. E LTON M OOR, Derbys c SK 2 1 6 1 .(a) F lint. ( b) B ritish M useum. ( c) 1 8 f lint i mplements a nd

f lakes,

o f w hich ( 194) k nife, l ength 4 .4 c m , i s i llustrated. ( d) F ound i n a b arrow o n E lton M oor o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 0 J une 1 844 w ith i nhumation b urials

a nd

( part);

E vans

2 .(a)

b eakers. 1 897,

Beaker

( e)

f ragments.

d ecoration -h orizontal i mpressed d ots. ( ii) h orizontal l ines a nd i ndeterminate, A s i n

1 .

( 1845), 1 .

2 48;

( b) c omb

M arsden

L ost. l ines,

( c)

a nd

1 977,

3 4

( i)

1 855, ( Elton

( 369),

3 2,

1 42-82

1 ).

i ndeterminate,

o blique i ncised/impressed l ines,

-c omb

h orizontal

( e) B ateman/Jewitt M S,

Fowler

5 3-4;

( 370), i ndeterminate, d ecoration - incised t riangles f illed w ith d ots. ( iii) ( 371),

d ecoration

a bove.

1 848,

B ateman

3 13 a nd 4 67;

1 955,

1 04;

C larke

B 20; 1 970,

a nd

d iagonal

l ines.

( d)

A rchaeological J ournal 4 78,

N o.129F;

a nd

a s

1 i n

a bove.

E ND L OW,

H artington,

D erbys,

S K

1 56

6 05,

1 0 k m S W o f B akewell.

( a) Bronze d agger. ( b) S CM(J93.445). ( c) ( 696), l ength 1 5.7 c m, f lat, ivets i n s itu, o mega m ark. ( d) F ound w hen b arrow r eopened r iveted, 3 r b y

T .Bateman

o n

c ist a nd a f lint 4 0; SCMCBC,

1 977,

E NDOW,

5 0

1 3

J uly

1 848 w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial i n a

s pearhead.

6 9-71;

F owler

( e) B ateman 1 855,

1 955,

11;

1 6, G 139;

975, G erloff 1

a nd

1 861,

3 8-

4 4, N o .35; M arsden

( Hartington Town Q uarter 6 ).

S taffs -see H ENRIDDING

E NVILLE, S taffs, S O 8 055 8 835, 9 km SW o f W olverhampton. ( a) Bronze s pearhead. ( b) B irmingham M useum ( A1467-67). ( c) F ragment o f s ocketed, l eaf-shaped, s ide-looped s pearhead ( 813), l ength 7 .0 c m. ( d) Found d uring p loughing o n 2 3 J une 1 966 a t H aymeadow, G rove F arm, a nd p resented b y M r. T .Preece. ( e) G unstone 1 971, 5 0; P )wlands 1 976,

3 73, N o.1363.

1 81

E SSENDINE, R utland, L eics, c TF 0 51 1 28, 6 k m N NE o f S tamford. ( a) H oard. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), 1 0 b ronze " axeheads o r c hisels". ( d) T he S tamford M ercury o f 1 7 F ebruary 1 871 s tated : " In o pening a g ravel p it s ome 2 00 y ards e ast o f E ssendine C astle t he l abourers f ound j ust a bove t he g ravel, a nd n ot f ar f rom t he s urface, t en b ronze a xe-heads o r c hisels o f t ypes g enerally a ttributed t o t he B ritish p eriod.. . .They a re a t p resent i n t he s afe k eeping o f M r . N orth o f E ssendine". A ccording t o M r. V .B. C rowther-Beynon t hey s eem t o h ave b een c laimed b y aM r. H ankey, t hen o wner o f t he l and . ( e) T he R utland M agazine 3 ( 1907-8), 2 15; C lough 1 979, 19-121.

F AIROAK, n ear A shley, S taffs, S J 7 591 3 381, 1 4 k m W o f S tone. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( L2.1971). ( c) ( 66), l ength 1 9.0 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation, S t 11/ah ( ex S .St 1/ah), G roup X II. ( d) F ound i n a g ravel p it n ear F airoak. O n l oan f rom M r. T .Pape. ( e)Gunstone 1 962, 2 8, N o.7; a nd 1 964, 2 1 ( Eccleshall); R oe 1 979, 4 3.

F AR L OW ,

C auldon, S taffs,

c SK 0 8 4 9,

1 0 k m W NW o f A shbourne.

( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.784). ( c) ( 555), h eight 1 2.1 .cm , r im d iameter 1 4.0 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, w hipped c ord ( maggot) d ecoration -h orizontal b ands o f v ertical, h erringbone a nd z igzag i mpressions; z igzag b and o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) F ound i n b arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 1 A pril 1 849 w ith a s econdary i nhumation b urial i n a c ist a nd 9 f lint i mplements. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 2, N 101; a nd 1 861, 1 32-3; S CMCBC, 1 04; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.175; F owler 1 955, 1 08; M anby 1 957, 2 6, N o.B3; G unstone 1 965, 5 2 ( Waterhouses 6 ).

F AWFIELDHEAD, S taffs, S K 0 486 6 124, 8 k m N E o f L eek. ( a) S tone h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession? ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( e) G unstone 1 964, 2 2.

( d)

F EATHERSTONE, S taffs -see B REWOOD

F ENNY B ENTLEY, D erbys,

c SK 1 7 5 0,

4k m N NW o f A shbourne.

( a) B ronze s pearhead a nd 2 b ronze p ins. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 1896.7.6.13 ), ( c) ( i) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, p egged s pearhead ( 894), l ength 2 8.6 c m , w ith d iamond-shaped c ross-section a nd s hort s ocket b elow b lade. ( ii) P in ( 895), l ength 1 3.8 c m , d omed t op. ( iii) P in ( 896), l ength 1 5.3 c m , f lat, v ase-shaped t op. ( d) F ound t ogether a t F enny B entley i n m aking t he r ailway b etween A shbourne a nd B uxton c l m etre b elow t he s urface w ith b ones. T he c onstruction o f t he l ine c ommenced i n 1 888 b ut h ad n ot b een c ompleted i n 1 896. P resented b y S ir A .Wollaston F ranks i n J uly 1 896. ( e)

F ILLONGLEY , W arwicks, S P 2 80 8 68, 9 k m N W o f C oventry. ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) H erbert A rt G allery a nd M useum, C oventry ( 60 .259). ( c) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, s ide-looped ( 8 14), l ength 1 0.8 c m . ( d) F ound c 1958 o n m ediaeval e arthworks k nown a s " tle B utts" a nd

1 82

d onat A i n 1 960 b y M r. B .Lewis. ( e) G unstone 1 967, 9 2-3; T homas 1 974, 2 6; R owlands 1 976, 3 75, N o.1381.

F INDERN, D erbys, S K 3 05 3 13, 7 k m S W o f D erby. ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) D erby M useum ( 472-64). ( c) S ocketed, s idel ooped, p robably l eaf-shaped ( 817), l ength 1 5.5 c m , b roken i n t wo, t ip m issing. ( d) F ound i n 1 942 a t e dge o f t he l awn i n t he g arden a t " Torrs", D oles L ane, F indern a t a d epth o f 4 5 t o 6 0 c m. C ame i nto p ossession o f t he M useum i n 1 964. ( e) E MAB 7 ( 1964), 3 .

F ISHERWICK, S taffs, S K 1 78 0 82, 6 k m E SE o f L ichfield. ( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) T amworth M useum ( c) ( i) ( 640), p lain, p ossibly f rom a c ollared u rn . ( ii) ( 670), t o ( 676), p lain , p robably f rom b ucket u rns, ( iii) ( 677) a nd ( 678), p lain , p robably f rom b ucket u rns. ( d) H abitation s ite e xcavated i n 1 973. ( 670) t o ( 676) f rom F eature 1 2 a nd ( 640), ( 677) a nd ( 678) f rom F eature 3 4. F eature 1 2 p rovided a 40 b c ( c1020 B C). ( e)Smith 1 975. C 14 d ate o f 8 50 t 1

F ISHERWICK P ARK F ARM , S taffs, c SK 1 80 0 87, 6 k m E o f L ichfield. ( a) B ronze s ocketed a xe. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( 828), l ength 1 2.5 c m, p lain e xcept f or m oulding o f t he m outh. ( d) I n p ossession o f S hugborough M useum u ntil 1 978, w hen r eturned t o o wner. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 2 3.

c SK 1 8 6 3, 6 k m S W o f B akewell. ( a) C ollared u rn , ( b) S CM ( J93.759). ( c) ( 450), h eight 3 5.2 c m , r im d iameter 2 9.4 c m, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar; t rellis o n n eck w ith o val p unches o n s houlder ; b and o f o val p unches o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) F ound i n ac ist w ith a c remation b urial n ear t he c entre o f a b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 6 F ebruary 1 847. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 1 00; a nd 1 855, 8 9, N 72; S CMCBC, 9 2-4; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.89; M arsden 1 977, 7 5 ( Middleton a nd S merrill 1 3)? F LAX D ALE, M iddleton, D erbys,

F LECKNEY,

L eics -see K IBWORTH B EAUCHAMP

F ORSBROOK, S taffs -see B LYTHE M ARSH

F ORTON, S taffs -see A QUALATE M ERE

F OX H OLE C AVE ( otherwise k nown a s H igh W heeldon C ave), H igh W heeldon, D erbys, S K 1 00 6 63, 8 k m S E o f B uxton. 1 .1928-9. ( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) B uxton M useum . ( c) ( i) P eterborough w are ( 271) a nd ( 272), w hipped c ord ( maggot) d ecoration . ( ii) P eterborough w are(273), f inger n ail i mpressions. ( iii) G rooved w are? ( 297), 1 d iagonal g roove. ( iv) N eolithic? ( 310), c ordon. ( v) B eaker s herds ( 376), i ndeterminate, r aised f illets b etween h orizontal l ines o f f ine c ord o rnament a nd 1 b and o f p unctures. ( d) F ound a t e ntrance t o c ave i n 1 928-9 b y R ev. S .G.B.Birks a nd M r. B .S.Furneaux . ( e) J ackson 1 951.

1 83

2 .1961/70. ( a) P ottery, f lint a nd b one. ( b) b odysherds o f P eterborough w are

P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( i) 2 ( 274), d ecoration - h alf-moon

i mpressions. ( ii) B ody s herd o f P eterborough w are ( 275), d ecoration -b road g roove w ith j ab i mprints. ( iii) 2 b ody s herds o f P eterborough w are ( 277), d ecoration -t riangular w edge-shaped i mpressions.

( iv) R im

s herd o f g rooved w are o r P eterborough w are ( 296), d ecoration -incised h erringbone p attern a nd f inger n ail i mpressions o n t he a ngular e dge. ( v) B eaker s herds ( 372), i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -bands o f h orizontal a nd o blique l ines. ( vi) B eaker s herd ( 373), i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -h orizontal l ines w ith a v ertical a nd a n o blique l ine. ( vii) B eaker s herd c ord l ines. ( viii)

( 374), B eaker

i ndeterminate, d ecorated w ith h orizontal f ragment ( 375), i ndeterminate, d ecorated

w ith h orizontal c omb l ines.(ix) S andstone p ebble w ith ' V' n otch ( 163), f lint k nife a nd 4 b arbed a nd t anged f lint a rrowheads ( not i llustrated). ( x)

R ib b one

w ith

2 d iagonal

g rooves

( 976).

( xi)

B one

p oint

( 977).

( xii) B oar's t usk w ith ' V' n otch ( 978). ( xiii) B oar 's t usk, p ossibly m odified a s a k nife ( 979). ( xiv) B one p in ( Palaeolithic?) ( 980). ( d) C ave e xcavated b y t he P eakland A rchaeological S ociety f rom 1 961 t o 1 970.

( e) B ramwell

1 971.

F RADLEY, E dwards F arm, S taffs, c SK 1 5 1 3, 1 k m S W o f B urton-upon-Trent. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer.

( b) B irmingham M useum ( 622-52).

( c)

( 43), l ength

ex 2 1.0 c m, d amaged, n ear c ylindrical p erforation, S t 16 /a h ( 1 6/ah), d iorite. ( d) ( e) G unstone 1 964, 1 4 ( Alrewas).

F RITCHLEY, D erbys, c SK 3 5 5 3, 5 .5 k m N o f B elper. ( a) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) S CM ( J98.18). ( c) ( 683),

l ength

S .St

1 7.6

c m,

p lain, n o i ndication o f f langes o r s top r idge. ( d) R eputed t o h ave b een f ound n ear F ritchley. P resented b y M r. S .MoLaren i n 1 896. ( e)

G ADDESBY, ( a)

L eics,

B ronze

c SK 6 8

s pearhead.

1 3, ( b)

9 k m S W o f M elton M owbray. P rivate

p ossession.

( c)

S ocketed,

l eaf-

s haped, s ide l ooped ( 815), l ength 1 0.0 c m . ( d) F ound i n e arth a t M elton M owbray m oved f rom G addesby. D rawing i n J WM , L eicester.

G ALLEY

L OW

B ARROW,

B rought

B rassington,

t o

D erbys,

J WM,

S K

L eicester,

2 179

5 649,

1 981.

7 k m

( e)

W o f

W irksworth. 1 .30 J une 1 843. ( a) W hetstone a nd b one p in. ( b) S CM ( J93.127 a nd J 93.419 r espectively). ( c) ( i) I mperforate w hetstone ( 154), l ength 1 4.6 c m, c oarse g rit, t riangular s ection. ( ii) B one p in ( 954), e yed, l ength 5 .9 c m , r ound s ection.(d) F ound i n t he d isturbed b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 3 0 J une 1 843, w hen m ost f inds w ere o f a l ater p eriod t han B ronze A ge. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 3 7-8; a nd 1 855, 1 , G 1, a nd 2 , G 9; S CMCBC, 3 5 a nd 5 4. 2 .3 J uly 1 843. ( a) F ood v essel, f lint a nd b one. ( b) S CM a nd B ritish M useum. ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 574), ( SCM :-J 93.807), h eight 1 2.9 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.6 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, d ecoration-t wisted c ord h erringbone p attern o n r im, n eck a nd s houlder a nd o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) F lint m icrolith ( 214),

( BM),

l ength 2 .5 c m.

( iii)

b one p ommel

1 8 1 4

( 997),

( SCM :-J93.420).

( iv) 9 iece o f a ntler ( 1008), ( BM), l ength 1 0.6 c m, a rtificially p ointed a t t he t hicker e nd. ( d) F ound w ith a s econdary, i nhumation b urial w hen b arrow f urther e xcavated b y T .Bateman o n 3 , July 1 843. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 3 9; a nd 1 855, 1 , 0 2 a nd 8 1, N 10; S CMCBC, 5 4 ( 162) a nd 1 15 ( 600); A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.57; F owler M arsden 1 977, 2 4 ( Brassington 2 ). 3 .3 J uly 1 843. ( a) P ygmy c up. ( b) S CM ( J93.880).

1 955,

1 08;

M anby

1 957,

1 6,

N o.A7;

( c) ( 633), h eight 7 .8 c m, r im d iameter

9 .3 c m, p lain, 2 p airs o f o pposed p erforations, b uck9 ,t-shaped. ( d) F ound w ith a f urther i nhumation b urial n earer t he c entre o f t he b arrow uly 1 843. ( e) B ateman 1 848, o n 3 J A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.57A.

G IB H ILL,

A rbor L ow, D erbys,

S K

3 9;

a nd 1 855,

1 581

6 332,

8 1,

N 11;

S CMCBC,

1 51;

8 k m S W o f B akewell.

( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.840). ( c) ( 546), h eight 1.4 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.3 c m, Y orkshire v ase, s ingle g roove a nd 5 u npierced l ugs, d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n r im, n eck a nd g roove; o ne b and o f o blique l ines a bove a b and o f ' V' i mpressions o n b ody; a nd h erringbone p attern o n t op o f r im. ( d) F ound w ith a c remation b urial i n a s tone c hamber n ear t he a pex o f t he b arrow w hen o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 5 J anuary 1 848. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 0, N 79; a nd 1 861, 1 8-9; S CMCBC, 1 293 0; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.165; F owler 1 955, 1 08 a nd 1 16; M anby 1 957, 2 0, N o.A24; M arsden 1 977, 7 1 ( Middleton a nd S merrill 3 ).

G LASTON S AND P IT,

R utland,

L eics,

S K 8 95 0 05,

9 k m S E o f O akham .

1 .(a) B eaker. ( b) U niversity o f L ondon, I nstitute o f A rchaeology. ( 314), h eight 9 .9 c m, r im d iameter 9 .8 c m, E t ype, p lain. ( d) C larke 1 970, 4 85, N o.422. 2 .(a) ( c)

B eaker

( 317),

f ragments.

r emaining

( b)

R utland C ounty M useum,

h eight

2 0.6

c m,

W /MR

t ype,

O akham

c omb

h orizontal l ines o n u pper p ortion, r emainder p lain. ( e)

C larke

1 970,

4 85,

4 .(a) C ollared u rn.

( d) a s i n 2a bove.

i n

f rom w hich i t

N o.420.

3 .(a) B eaker f ragment. ( b) R utland C ounty M useum ( OS 3 65). ( c) p ossibly S i t ype, c omb d ecoration -v ertical a nd h orizontal t rellis a nd t riangles.

3 64).

d ecoration

( d) I n t he W ymann-

A bbot C ollection a nd l ater i n O akham S chool C ollection, p assed t o t he M useum.

( OS

( c) ( e)

( 356), l ines,

( e) C larke 1 970, 4 85, N o.421.

( b) R utland C ounty M useum ( OS 3 67).

( c)

( 408),

r im

d iameter 2 2.2 c m, d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck; f illed t riangles o n i nside. ( d) E x O akham S chool C ollection. ( e) P owell 1 950

( 1),

7 2

L ongworth

a nd

1 961,

7 9;

A tkinson,

B railsford

a nd

W akefield

1 951,

2 4;

2 98, N o.165.

5 .(a) C ollared u rn. ( b) R utland C ounty M useum ( OS 3 67). ( c) ( 451), h eight 4 4.6 c m, r im d iameter 3 0.8 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -filled t riangles b elow 2 h orizontal l ines o n c ollar. 6 .(a)

F ood

h eight

7 .7

v essel. c m,

r im

( b)

R utland

d iameter

C ounty

1 0.3

c m,

d ecorated w ith s tick o r b one i mpressions. 1 950

( 1),

7 2 a nd 7 9.

1 85

( d) A s i n 4a bove. ( e)

M useum b asic

( OS

3 66).

b ipartite

( d) A s i n 4a bove.

( c) v ase,

( 575), n eck

( e) P owell

G LENFIELD,

L eics,

S K 5 36

0 57,

( a) F ragment o f s ocketed a xe.

5 k m W NW o f L eicester. ( b) P rivate p ossession.

p ortion i ncluding c utting e dge, d epth 4 .9 c m. L eicester, 1 981. ( e) D rawing i n J WM, L eicester.

G LENHILLS,

L eics,

c SP

5 67

( a) S tone a xe h ammer.

( b)

9 96,

( c)

( d)

( 871), l ower

Brought

t o

J WM,

5 k m S SW o f L eicester.

J WM,

L eicester ( 246-1957).

( c)

( 39),

l ength

1 7.4 c m, p art p erforated, L e 4 5, q uartzite. ( d) F ound a t t he B ridle, G lenhills, a t d epth o f 4 .5 m etres a nd d onated b y M r. W .G.Bridgewater. ( e) Moore a nd C ummins

1 974,

G LEN P ARVA,

5 68

L eics,

( a) P ygmy c up.

S P

7 3.

6 k m S SW o f L eicester.

9 87,

( b) J WM, L eicester

( 1.IL.

1 940).

( c)

( 619),

h eight 5 .0

c m, r im d iameter 5 .0 c m, b iconical, 2 p erforations, i ncised d ecoration -c hevrons b etween h orizontal l ines; a nd o blique l ines o n b evel o f r im o n i nside. ( d) P urchased ( 1), 7 6 a nd 8 0.

G RANGE M ILL,

D erbys,

f rom Mr.

c SK 2 4

5 7,

A .Rudkin i n

1 940.

( e)

Powell

1 950

6 k m NW o f W irkesworth.

( a) Bronze f langed a xe. ( b) P rivate p ossession/lost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), s top r idge o nly f aintly d eveloped, s aid t o b e a s B ritish M useum G uide t o t he Antiquities o f t he B ronze A ge, 1 920, 2 6, ( d) F ound i n 1 933 b y Mr. G .Gregory. ( e) D AJ 5 5 ( 1934), 9 3.

G RANGE M ILL,

f ig 3 d.

D erbys -s ee a lso M OOT L OW B ARROW

G RATTON H ILL,

W etton,

S taffs,

S K

1 319 5 715,

1 km NW o f A shbou-ne.

1 .(a) B eaker s herds. ( b) S CM ( X1975.22). ( c) ( i) R im s herds ( 641) d iameter a pprox 1 5 c m, i ndeterminate, 2 b ands o f i mpressed d ots.

r im ( ii)

B ase f ragment ( 6) 42), i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -t riangle.(d) P robably f rom b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 8 J une 1 845 ( or f rom a s mall b arrow o pened b y h im o n 2 1 7 7;

C larke

2 .(a)

1 970,

4 96,

F ood v essel

v essel ( 599),

a nd

o f

b one

o r

f ood

( SCM:-J 93.

s ingle g roove a nd h erringbone p attern s tick

J une

1 845).

( e)

B ateman

1 848,

7 9 o r

N o.837. v essel

f ragments.

( b)

S CM.

( c)

( i)

7 u npierced l ugs, d ecoration - t wisted o n o utside a nd i nside o f r im; 4 h orizontal i mpressions

o n

n eck;

1 r ow

o f

o blique

o f m aggot d ecoration o n s houlder. t wisted

c ord

( ii) F ood v essel s herds ( 605),

d ecoration

-h erringbone

p attern

o n

c ord r ows

m aggot

i mpressions a bove 2 r ows o f b one o r s tick i mpressions i n g roove; X 1972.736),

F ood

1 301), h eight 3 0.2 c m, r im d iameter 3 0.8 c m,

1r ow ( SCM :i nside

o f r im; o blique l ines o n a nd b elow r im o n o utside. ( d) A s i n 1 . a bove. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 7 9 o r 7 7; G unstone 1 965, 3 1 ( Alstonefield 1). ( i) M anby 1 957, 2 9, N o.C4.

G REAT B ARR,

S t.

( ii) B ateman/Jewitt M S, B 32; M anby 1 957, 2 7, B 7.

M argaret's Hospital,

S E o f W alsall. ( a) P ebble h ammer.

W est M idlands,

( b) B irmingham M useum.

( c)

( 126),

S P

0 56

9 53,

5 k m

m ax d iameter 8 .3

ex S .St 2 1/ah), B unter q uartzite. c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 21 /a h ( ( d) O n l oan f rom M rs. F .A.Ewles.

( e) G unstone 1 964, 4 2 ( West B romwich).

1 86

G REAT B ARR, W est M idlands -see a lso B ARR B EACON

G REAT C ASTERTON,

R utland,

c TF 0 0 0 9,

L eics,

3 .5 k m N W o f S tamford.

( a) 2 b ronze s ocketed a xes. ( b) A shmolean M useum, O xford ( 1927-2654 a nd 1 927-2655). ( c) ( 1) ( 829), l ength 1 0.4 c m, p lain e xcept f or m oulding a t t he m outh. ( ii) ( 838), l ength 1.6 c m, 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. ( d) P art o f t he E vans C ollection. ( e) C lough 1 979, 1 17.

G REAT W YRLEY, ( a)

P ebble

B loxwich R oad,

h ammer.

d iameter 1.1 G roup X V. ( d)

( b)

S J 9 96 0 41,

S taffs,

B irmingham

M useum

6 k m S o f C annock.

( 18-54).

( c)

( 125),

m ax

ex S .St 18 /a h ), c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 18 /a h ( F ound 8 0 m etres S o f I vy H ouse H otel, G reat W yrley, b y

M r. A .Gardiner w hilst d igging a s ewer t rench a nd p resented b y h im t o t he M useum. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 4 1 ( Walsall); R oe 1 979, 4 7.

G REEN L OW,

A LDWARK, D erbys,

S K 2 31

5 80,

7 k m N W o f W irksworth.

1 .(a) N eolithic p ottery f ragments. ( b) D erby M useum. ( c) ( i) R im s herd ( 262), p lain, p robably G rimston t ype. F ound i n f orecourt b elow b locking m aterial o f c hambered t omb. ( ii) R im s herd ( 263), p lain. F ound b etween t he s tone b locks o f W e nd o f f acade. ( iii) R im s herd ( 264), p lain. Found a mongst c airn m aterial.(iv) G rooved w are r im s herd ( 286), h orizontal g roove w ith o blique g rooves b elow, f rom c airn m aterial. ( v) G rooved w are f ragment ( 287), d iagonal g rooves, f rom c airn m aterial. ( vi)

G rooved

w are

s herd

( 288),

2 b ands

o f o pposed

o blique

g rooves,

f rom c airn m aterial. ( d) C hambered t omb a nd b arrow e xcavated 1 963/64. Aldwark 1 ); ( re g rooved w are) M anby ( e) M anby 1 965; M arsden 1 977, 3 ( 1 974, 3 1; a nd W ainwright a nd L ongworth 1 971, 2 73, N o.14; 2 .Beaker

f ragments- (b)

D erby M useum.

( c)

( i)

4 b eaker s herds

( 377)

t o ( 380), i ndeterminate, i ncised d ecoration -horizontal l ines, l attice a nd d iagonal l ines, f rom c airn m aterial. ( ii) B eaker f ragment ( 381), i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -c hevron p attern, f rom c airn m aterial. ( d) a nd ( e) A s i n 1a bove.

G REEN L OW ,

A LSOP M OOR,

D erbys,

S K

1 518 5 540,

9 k m N NW o f A shbourne.

( a) B eaker, f lint a nd b one. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 324), ( SCM :J 93.857), h eight 1 8.8 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.6 c m, S i t ype, c omb d ecoration -b ands o f h orizontal l ines, z igzags, l ozenges a nd t riangles. ( ii) F lint d agger(178), ( SCM :-J 93.425), l ength 1 5.2 c m.(iii) F lint p ianoc onvex k nife ( 195), ( SCM :-J 93.425), l ength 6 .4 c m. ( iv) F lint s craper ( 219), ( SCM :- 1 970.440c), l ength 3 .6 c m. ( v) 5 f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowheads

( 227)

t o

1 970.440 a a nd b ).

( 229),

( SCM :- J 93.425),

( vi) B one p in ( 964),

( 230)

a nd

( 231),

( SCM :-

l ength 9 .8 c m, e yeless.

( vii)

3b one s patulae ( 970) t o ( 972), l engths 1 7.3 c m , 1 3.6 c m, a nd ( fragment) 4 .6

c m.

( d)

F ound b y T .Bateman w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n a c ist o n

o pening t he b arrow o n 2 5 A pril 1 845.

( e) B ateman 1 848, 5 9-60; a nd 1 855,

5 , G 45 a nd G 46; 3 2, 1 92-194; 8 5, N 37; S CMCBC, 5 5, 5 6 a nd 1 39; E vans 1 897, 3 13, 3 52, 3 88, 3 99 a nd 4 32; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.48; F owler 1 955, 1 05; C larke 1 970, 4 77, N o.115; M arsden 1 977, 3 0 ( Eaton a nd A lsop 1 ).

G REEN L OW P LANTATION,

D erbys,

c SK

1 5 5 5,

1 87

9 k m N NW o f A shbourne.

( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) B uxton M useum ( DERSB 3 799/1979). ( c) ( 409), h eigh t 2 1.2 c m ( inc p laster b ase), r im d iameter 2 0.0 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -trellis b etween t wo h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; b and o f c hevrons a bove p anels o f h orizontal a nd v ertical l ines o n n eck; b and o f c hevrons o n s houlder; t hree h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) F ound w ith f ragments o f am uch r estored p ygmy c up ( not i llustrated). ( e) L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o .174.

.

G RIND L OW , n ear U pper H addon, D erbys, S K 2 03 6 70, 2 k m S W o f B akewell. ( a) S hale n ecklace a nd b one p late. ( b) S CM ( J93.435). ( c) N ecklace c onsisting o f s hale c onical ' V' p erforated b eads, t ubular b eads, s pacer p lates ( 6 d ecorated w ith d ots l eaving a d iagonal c ross), o riginally 7 1 p ieces. A b one p late ( 940), 2 c onjoined h oles a nd 2 o ther h oles o n o ne f ace a nd 9 o n t he o ther. ( d) F ound i n t he b arrow , w hich w as o pened b y T .Bateman o n 3 0 A pril 1 849, w ith a n i nhumation b urial o f 3 p ersons, 2 b e ing f emale . ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 7, G 158; a nd 1 861, 4 6vans 1 8 07 , 4 58; M arsden 1 977, 1 2 ( Bakewell 3 ). 8 ; S CMCBC,62- 1 ; E

G RINDON, S taffs, c SK 0 8 5 4, 1 2 k m N W o f A shbourne . ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) B olton M useum ( A .171.1969). ( c) ( 149), m ax d iameter 4 .2 c m , d iscoidal, g ritstone . ( d) O riginally i n t he R ooke P ennington C ollection a t C astleton M useum , b eing p urchased b y B olton M useum i n 1 888.

( e) N SJFS 4 (1964)

2 4.

H ADDON F IELD, n ear B akewell, D erbys, S K 2 171 6 617, 3 k m So f B akewell. ( a) B eaker a nd a ntler i mplement. ( b) S CM ( J93.867 a nd J 93.556). ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 325), h eight 1 6.7 c m , r im d iameter 1 2.2 c m, S i t ype, c omb d ecoration -inverted p ylons b etween 3 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n n eck; b ands o f v ertical l ines b etween h orizontal l ines o n b ody. ( ii) A ntler i mplement ( 1009), l ength 1 5.9 c m , r esembling a s patula. ( d) F ound w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial, t ogether w ith a b ronze a wl a nd a f lint a rrowhead, i n a b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 0 A ugust 1 860. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 1 06; S CMCBC, 1 47 a nd 1 83; E vans 1 897, 4 32; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.51; F owler 1 955, 1 05; C larke 1 970 , 4 77, N o .117; M arsden 1 977,

7 7

( Nether H addon 2 ).

H AMBLETON, R utland, L eics, c SK 9 0 0 7, 4 k m E SE o f O akham. ( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) R utland C ounty M useum , O akham ( OS 5 47). ( c) ( 31), l ength 1 0.7 c m, e xpanded b lade, h our-glass p erforation, R ut 2 , e pidiorite. ( d) F ormerly i n O akham S chool C ollection. ( e) C ummins a nd M oore 1 973,

2 54.

H AMSTALL R IDWARE, S taffs, c SK 1 0 1 9, 6 k m E o f R ugeley. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) L ost? ( c) ( 79). ( d) I n 1 798 i n t he M anor H ouse a t H amstall R idware a nd s till t here i n 1 877. G iven t o M r. C .Pole b efore 1 913. ( e) S haw, I ntroduction t o V ol 1 , 1 798, 1 2 a nd P late B ; T NSFC 4 8(1913-4), 2 12; G unstone 1 964, 2 4.

H ANCHURCH H ILLS, S wynnerton,

S taffs,

o n-Trent c entre.

1 88

c SJ 8 40 4 05,

8k m S SW o f S toke-

( a) S tone m acehead . ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 42.31). ( c) ( 81), f ragment, l ength 5 .9 c m , p ossibly p roto-cushion, c ylindrical ), q uartzite. ( d) F ound i n 1 894 a t p erforation, S t 3 3/ah ( ex N .St 4 /ah f oot o f H anchurch H ills n ear H eadman 's C ottage d uring c onstruction o f w aterworks a nd p resented b y M r. W .W .Brearley t o t he N orth S taffs F ield C lub, b eing a cquired b y t he M useum i n 1 931. ( e) T NSFC 3 2(1897-8), 1 54; C urwen 1 941, 3 40; G unstone 1 964, 3 7(Swynnerton).

H ANLEY,

S taffs -see S TOKE-ON-TRENT

H ANSON G RANGE, B aley H ill, D erbys, S K 1 44 5 40, 8 k m N NW o f A shbourne. ( a) F ood v essel, b one t weezers a nd b oar 's t usk. ( b) S CM ( J93.839 a nd J 93.422). ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 579), h eight13.6 c m , r im d iameter 1 4.4 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase o r d ebased f ood v essel t ype, p lain. ( ii) B one t weezers ( 991), l ength 3 .3 c m, t riangular w ith p erforation. ( iii) B oar's t usk ( 1000). ( d) B arrow o n " Bailey" H ill o pened b y S .Carrington o n 3A ugust 1 850. F ood v essel a nd t usk f ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial a t b ase o f b arrow , t he t weezers b eing d iscovered w ith a c remation c 30 c m b elow t he s urface o f t he b arrow b ut u nburnt a nd n ot n ecessarily c ontemporary. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 4, N 125; 2 0, G 187; a nd 1 861i 1 69-70; S CMCBC, 1 28-9; F owler 1 955, 1 07; M anby 1 957, 2 1, N o .A28; M arsden 1 977, 7 9(Newton G range 3 ).

H ARBOROUGH C AVE, D erbys, S K 2 42 5 52, 5 k m W NW o f W irksworth. 1 .(a) S herds o f p robable N eolithic p ottery. ( b) B ritish M useum . ( c) ( i) R im s herd ( 302), ( BM : -1907.11-12.1), d ecoration -h orizontal l ine o f i mpressions o n o utside a nd i nside o f r im, d iagonal i ncised l ines o n o utside b elow r im . ( ii) ( 303), ( BM :-1907.11-12.2), d ecorated w ith h orizontal i ncised l ine. ( iii) ( 304), ( BM :- 1907.11-12.3), 2 i mpressions. ( iv) ( 305), ( BM :- 1907.11-12.5), p lain, h orizontal r ib. ( v) r im s herd ( 306), ( BM :- 1907.11-12.4), 1 i mpression. ( d) F ound eptember 1 907 d uring t he e xcavation o f t he C ave w hich c ommenced o n 2,S a nd l asted f or 7 w eeks. I t w as c arried o ut b y A .Bramwell a t t he e xpense o f M r. H .C.Heathcote, M r. J .H.Dawson, C ol. H .Brooke T aylor a nd M r. W .Storrs F ox, b ut i nsufficient a ttention w as p aid t o s tratification, t he f inds i ncluding m any I ron A ge a nd R omano-British a rtifacts. ( e) F ox a nd S mith 1 909; A rmstrong 1 923. 2 .(a) B eaker f ragment. ( b) B irchover M useum .

( c) ( 382), i ndeterminate,

c omb o r p ossibly i ncised d ecoration -3 h orizontal l ines. ( d) A s i n 1 . a bove . ( e) F ox a nd S mith 1 909, 9 9; F owler 1 955, 1 05; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.131F. 3 .(a) B ronze r azor. ( b) B irchover M useum . t anged, 1 r ivet h ole, b evelled e dges. ( d)

( c) ( 727), l ength 7 .9 c m , A s i n 1 . a bove. ( e) A s i n

1 . a bove.

H ARBOROUGH R OCKS, D erbys, S K 2 43 5 53, 5 k m W NW o f W irksworth. ( a) P ottery s herds. ( b) B irchover M useum . ( c) 2 i ndeterminate u rn f ragments ( 530), t wisted c ord d ecoration i n h orizontal l ines. ( d) 1 s herd m arked " Harboro. D . B ramwell 1 973". ( e)

1 89

H ARBY/STATHERN, L eics, c SK 7 6 3 1, 1 3 k m N NE o f M elton M owbray. ( a) U rn. ( b) U niversity o f N ottingham M useum ( STN.0.376). ( c) ( 512), h eight 1 5.8 c m, r im d iameter 1 6.3 c m, p ossibly a c ordoned u rn, t wisted c ord d ecoration -chevrons b etween a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n n eck. ( d) ( e)

H ARLAND E DGE,

H ARSTON,

D erbys -see B EELEY M OOR

L eics,

c SK 8 3 3 1,

8 k m S W o f G rantham.

1 .(a) B eaker. ( b) A shmolean h eight 1 7.4 c m, r im d iameter

M useum, O xford ( 1927-620). ( c) ( 343), 1 2.5 c m, F P t ype, r usticated. ( d) P art

o f c ollection f ormed b y M r. W .Fowler o f B eeston, N otts, a nd o btained f rom v arious i ronstone p its w orked b y t he B eeston B oilerCo. a t H arston. P resented b y h is n iece, M iss F .H.B. 1 9; C larke 1 970, 4 86, N o.423.

M arsh,

i n

1 927.

( e)

L eeds 1 938,

2 .(a) C ollared u rn. ( b) U niversity o f C ambridge M useum o f A rchaeology a nd A nthropology ( 24.952). ( c) ( 410) h eight 1.6 c m, r im d iameter 11 . 3 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -lattice o n c ollar; h erringbone p attern a nd h orizontal l ines o n n eck. ( d) F ound i n t he " Harston P it" i n 1 924 a nd p urchased b y t he M useum. ( e) L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o .166.

3 .(a)

C ollared u rn.

( b) U niversity o f C ambridge M useum

( 24.953).

( c)

( 411), h eight m, r im d iameter 1 0.8 c m, i ncised d ecoration 1.4 c -lattice i mmediately b elow r im, r emainder o f c ollar, n eck a nd u pper p art o f b ody h erringbone p attern. ( d) F ound i n t he " Harston P it" a nd d onated b y M r. S .Cowles. ( e) L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.167. 4 .(a)

F ood v essel.

( b)

U niversity

o f C ambridge M useum

( 25.474).

( c)

F ood v essel ( 587), h eight 1 7.0 c m, r im d iameter 1 9.0 c m, g lobular b owl, p lain. ( d) F ound i n t he " Harston P it". C larke G ift. ( e) 5 .(a) P ottery f ragment.

( b)

U niversity o f C ambridge M yseum

( 24.95 ) 4).

( c) B ody s herd o f l arge v essel ( 643), d ecorated w ith h orizontal g rooves. ( d) F ound i n t he " Harston P it" a nd d onated b y M r. S .Cowles. ( e)

H ART H ILL M OOR, Y oulgreave, D erbys, c SK 2 2 6 2, 6 k m S o f B akewell. 1 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S CM ( J93.5). ( c) ( 55), l ength 2 2.7 c m, i both f aces s lightly d ished, h our-glass p erforation, D b 1 08, G roup X V. ( d) F ound 3 D ecember 1 860. ( e) S CMCBC, 3 ; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1; R oe

1 979,

4. 4

2 .(a)Stone m acehead. ( b) S CM ( J1975.76). ( c) ( 93), l ength 1 0.9 c m, c entral h ole, h our-glass p erforation, D b 1 22, g reywacke. ( d) F ound n ear t he N ine S tones a nd p resented b y M r. M .Evans. ( e) Moore a nd C ummins 1 974, 3 .(a) 1 0.1

7 1. F ood v essels. c m,

r im

i mperforate

( b)

d iameter

l ugs,

3 i n

S CM. 1.4 s itu,

( c) c m,

( i)

( 547),

Y orkshire

t wisted

c ord

( SCM :- J 93.827), v ase,

s ingle

d ecoration

p attern a nd h orizontal l ines a ll o ver e xcept n ear b ase;

h eight

g roove

a nd

-h erringbone 5 h orizontal

l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) ( 556), ( SCM :- J 93.818). h eight 1 4.3 c m, r im d iameter 1 9.2 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves a nd n o l ugs, t wisted

1 90

c ord d ecoration -h orizontal l ines a nd h erringbone p attern o n o utside o f r im, g rooves a nd s houlder; 9 h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( iii)

( 600),

( SCM :-

J 93.818A),

h eight

7 .3

c m,

r im

d iameter

9 .6

c m,

Y orkshire v ase, n arrow s ingle g roove a nd i mperforate l ugs, 1 i n s itu, h ollow b ase, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern a ll o ver ( except f or m iddle o f b ody) a nd o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) B arrow T .Bateman o n 1 2 J une 1 845. ( 556) f ound w ith a s econdary b urial n ear e dge o f t he b arrow, ( 547) a nd ( 600) f ound w ith c remation b urials n ear t he c entre o f t he b arrow . ( e) B ateman

o pened b y c remation s econdary 1 848, 7 1-

3 ; a nd 1 855, 8 8, N 55, 5 7 a nd 5 8; S CMCBC, 1 20-1 a nd 1 24; F owler 1 955, 1 08 a nd 1 16; M anby 1 957, 1 8, N o.A18; 1 7, N o.A16; 1 8, N o.A17; M arsden 1 977, 4 3 ( Harthill 4 ). 4 .Bronze f lat a xe. ( b) S CM ( J93.472). ( c) ( 700), l ength 1 9.2 c m, n arrow t 1 7 ). i tt. ( d) F ound i n 1 824. ( e) B ateman 1 848 1 26-3; a nd 1 855, 7 4, M 4; S CMCBC,

8 0-2;

F owler 1 955,

H ARTINGTON M OOR F ARM, ( a) P ebble h ammer. d iameter

9 .4

c m,

1 13.

D erbys,

c SK

1 4 6 1,

1 0 k m S W o f B akewell.

( b) B uxton M useum ( DERSB 1 075/1979). h our-glass p erforation.

f lints e tc. b y M r. T .T.Wager o ver M useum i n 1 942. ( e) J ackson 1 952.

s ome

( d) 2 0

( c)

( 128), m ax

F ound w ith s tone a xes,

y ears.

B equeathed

t o

t he

H ARTINGTON, D erbys -see B RUNDCLIFFE; E ND L OW ; P ARSLEY H AY; P IKE H ALL; a nd T HIRKLOW

H ARTSHILL,

W arwicks,

c SP

3 2 9 4,

5 k m N W o f N uneaton.

( a) S tone b attle a xe . ( b) L ost? ( c) ( 28), b oat-shaped, W a 6 /a h . ( d) F ound i n a b arrow o n H artshill C ommon i n 1/7 0. ( e) B artlett 1 791, 1 7 a nd P late I I, f ig 3 ; E vans 1 897, N o.214; T homas 1 974, 2 7.

1 87; S hotton 1 937, 4 6; R oe 1 966, 2 38,

H ARTSHORNE, D erbys -see S MISBY

H AZLETON H ILL,

H EAGE/HARTSHAY,

S taffs -see I LAM

D erbys,

c SK 3 8 5 0,

5 k m N E o f B elper.

( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 808), s ocketed, s ide l ooped, k ite s haped -"Irish" t ype . ( d) P loughed u p i n a f ield n ear t he R oman r oad, R yknild S treet, w here i t c rosses t he f ields b etween H eage a nd H artshay. D rawings o f t he s pearhead w ere " communicated" b y L .Jewitt t o t he m eeting o f t he B ritish A rchaeological A ssociation o n 2 2 J uly 1 847. J ournal B ateman

o f t he B ritish A rchaeological 1 848, 9 ; E vans 1 881, 3 25.

H EDNESFORD, ( a)

S taffs,

P ebble h ammer.

S K 0 10 ( b)

1 32,

A ssociation

2

( 1847),

( e) 2 80;

1 1km W NW o f L ichfield.

S toke-on-Trent M useum ( K114.1979).

( c)

( 131),

l ength 1.5 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 3 1/ah ( ex S .St 3 1/ah), q uartzite. ( d) F ound a t e nd o f R awley R oad, H ednesford, D r i a b uilding s ite

i n

1 969.

P urchased

b y

S hugborough

1 91

M useum

f rom

M r.

J .Smith

i n

J anuary 1 970 a nd p assed t o S toke-on-Trent M useum i n 1 979. 1 971, 4 6.

( e) G unstone

H ENRIDDING, n ear B rown E dge, S taffs S J 9 15 5 43, 1 0 k m N E o f S toke-onT rent c entre. ( a) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 28-1974). ( c) ( 685), l ength 1 6.5 c m , n arrow b utt, d ecorated l ongitudinally w ith a lternate r ows o f p unched z igzag l ines a nd d ots o n o ne f ace, s light s igns o f d ecoration o n o ther f ace . ( d) F ound i n 1 916 o n s urface b etween E ndon a nd B rown E dge b y M r. F .Stubbs a nd p resented b y h im i n 1 974. ( e) T NSFC 6 1 ( 1926-7), 1 43; 6 6 ( 1931-2), 1 90; a nd 8 8(1953-4), 1 05; M egaw a nd H ardy 1 938, 3 01, N o.85; G unstone 1 964, 2 2 ( Endon a nd S tanley).

H IGH C ROSS,

L eics,

c SP 4 7 8 8,

7 k m S E o f H inckley.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 503-1968/93). ( c) ( 150), m ax d iameter 6 .0 c m, h our-glass p erforation . ( d) O ne o f m any s urface f inds m ade b y M r. L ees o f H igh C ross F arm a nd p resented b y h im i n 1 968. ( e)

H IGH E DGE, D erbys -see S TOOP B ARROW

H IGH W HEELDON, D erbys -see F OX H OLE C AVE

H IGHAM O N T HE H ILL, L eics -see A SHPOLE S PINNEY

H ILL H EAD, n ear B uxton, D erbys, S K 0 782 6 990, 4 k m S E o f B uxton . ( a) S hale n ecklace . ( b) S CM ( J93.433). ( c) ( 938), c unsisting o f s hale c onical ' V' p erforated b eads, t ubular b eads a nd s pacer p lates , a ll u ndecorated, o riginally 8 0 p ieces. ( d) F ound a t c entre o f a b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 5 J une 1 850 w ith 3 o r 4 d isturbed i nhumation b urials. ( e)Bateman 1 855, 2 0, G 184; a nd 1 861, 6 6-7; S CMCBC, 6 0-1; M arsden 1 977, 5 2 ( Hartington U pper Q uarter 8 ).

H INCKLEY,

L eics -see W YKEN H ALL F ARM

H ITTER H ILL, E arl S terndale, D erbys, S K 0 87 6 64, 7 k m S E o f B uxton. ( a) 2 f ood v essels a nd s tone a xe h ammer. ( b) B ritish M useum . ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 557), ( BM :-73.6-2.26), h eight 1 2.5 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.6 c m , Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, d ecoration -w hipped c ord ( maggot) v ertical l ines o n r im a nd s houlder ; h erringbone p attern o n u pper a nd l ower z ones o f b ody a nd o n b evel i nside r im ; a nd t wisted c ord f illed t riangles b etween a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow i n u pper g roove. ( ii) F ood v essel ( 558), ( BM-73.6-2.27), h eight 1.7 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.7 c m , Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, d ecoration -w hipped c ord ( maggot) h erringbone p attern i n t he g rooves w ith h orizontal t wisted c ord l ines a bove, b etween a nd b elow ; t wisted c ord orizontal l ines o n b evel f illed l ozenges o n u pper p art o f b ody; a nd 3 h i nside r im. ( iii) S tone a xe h ammer ( 36), f ragment, l ength 1 0.5 c m , n o s ign o f p erforation , b roken d uring r oughing o ut? ( d) B ar-ow o pened i n 1 862. ( 557) w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n a c ist E o f c entre ( burial

1 92

B ), ( 558) w ith a n i nhumation b urail i n a c ist W o f c entre ( burial A ), ( 36) w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n C ist C a nd s mall f ragment o f p ottery. P urchased b y t he M useum i n 1 873 f rom t he e xecutrix o f J .F.Lucas. ( e) L ucas a nd J ewitt 1 862, 1 67; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essels N os.169 a nd 1 70; F owler 1 955, 1 09; M anby 1 957, 4(Hartington M iddle Q uarter 7 ). 4

H OGNASTON, ( a)

G reen F arm,

D erbys,

S tone a xe h ammer.

( b)

1 7, N os.Al2 a nd A 13;

S K 2 407 5 084,

M arsden

1 977,

7 k m N E o f A shbourne.

P rivate p ossession.

( c)

( 44),

l ength

2 1.5

c m, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound i n 1 953 d uring f ield d rain d igging, t he s ite n ow b eing u nder t he d am w all o f C arsington R eservoir. ( e) D AJ 9 4(1974), 6 .

H OLLINGTON A shbourne.

H ILL,

W o f

T issington,

D erbys,

c SK

1 6

5 2,

6 k m

NW N

o f

( a) F lint s craper. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 1873.6-2.141A). ( c) ( 220), m ax d iameter 2 .8 c m. ( d) F ound i n a b arrow o n H ollington H ill. F rom J .F.Lucas C ollection. ( e) M arsden 1 977, 9 6(Tissington 2 ).

H OPTON, D erbys, S K 2 62 5 46, 7 k m S W o f M atlock. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) D erby M useum ( 588-63). ( c) 9 .4 c m, h our-glass p erforation, 8 3 ( 1963), 1 02.

H OPTON,

S taffs,

c SJ

9 4

( a) S tone a xe h ammer .

2 6,

q uartzite.

( 130), m ax d iameter

( d) F ound i n 1 962.

( e) D AJ

3 .5 k m N E o f S tafford.

( b) L ichfield M useum.

( c)

( 37),

l ength 2 3.3 c m,

), b oth f aces d ished, h our-glass p erforation, S t 2 /ah ( ex S .St 2 /ah G roup X V. ( d) F ound i n 1 829. F rom t he W etherall C ollection. ( e) S hotton 1 959,

1 39;

G unstone

H ORSLEY C ASTLE,

1 964,

2 6;

c SK 3 7 4 3,

R oe

1 979,

4. 4

7 k m N NE o f D erby.

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S CM ( 393.492). ( c) ( 779), l ength 1 2.5 c m, h ollow o n e ach s ide o f a c entral r ib, p ossibly o riginally l ooped a s e videnced b y t wo s mooth p rotuberances o n t he s ide. ( d) F ound n ear Horsley C astle. P resented t o T .Bateman b y M r. R oberts o f D erby i n 1 844. ( e) S CMCBC, 8 4.

H UNGRY B ENTLEY,

D erbys,

c SK

1 8

3 8,

8 k m S o f A shbourne.

1 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S CM ( J93.1). ( c) ( 34), l ength 2 7.7 c m, o ne f ace s lightly d ished i n f ront o f h ole, s emi h our-glass p erforation, D b 1 05, d olerite. ( d) F ound c 1831 i n a f ield a t H ungry B entley c alled t he " Little W arren". ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 6, G 272; S CMCBC, 1 ; M oore a nd C ummins

1 974,

7 1.

2 .(a) W hetstone. ( b) D erby M useum ( 623-2-1963). ( c) ( 162), l ength 7 .3 c m, p erforated. ( d) F ound c 1917 o r 1 927 i n a g ravel p it a nd g iven b y M r.

S .T.Nash t o t he M useum i n

1 963.

( e) D AJ 4 9(1927),

3 73,

n ote

1 2.

3 .(a) C ollared u rn. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 73.6-2.34). ( c) ( 412), h eight A t riangles 2 1.5 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.6 c m, i ncised d ecoration -fil - r o n

c ollar;

t rellis

o n

n eck;

l ine

o f p unctures

1 93

o n

s houlder.

( d)

F rom

J .F.Lucas C ollection . 2 98, N 0.175. 4 .(a) J et a nd f lint.

( e) A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.85;

( b) B ritish M useum.

( c)

L ongworth 1 961,

( i) J et b ead ( 934),

( BM :-

1 873.6-2.79),

l ength 1 .1 c m, c ylindrical. ( ii) J et o bject ( 935), ( BM :1 873.6-2.74), l ength 4 .4 c m, 3 l arge h oles t hrough i ts f ace w ith o ne s mall h ole b elow a t r ight a ngles t hrough t he p rojection. ( iii) J et b utton ( 945), ( BM :- 1873.6-2.75), d iameter 3 .7 c m, ' V' p erforation, s lightly d omed o n o ne f ace. ( iv) J et b utton ( 946), ( BM :- 1873.6-2.76),

d iameter 2 .4 c m, ' V' p erforation, g ently r ounded i n s ection. ( v) F lint a rrowhead ( 252), ( BM :- 1873.6-2.73), m ax w idth 4 .5 c m, t ransverse w ith l ong s ingle b arb. ( d) ( 934), ( 935) a nd ( 252) w ere f ound w ith a c reamtion b urial a nd u rn ( 412?) i n a b arrow e xcavated b y J .F.Lucas. ( e) 5 .(a) B ronze d agger. ( b) D erby M useum ( 623-1-63). ( c) ( 713), l ength 2 0.3 c m, o gival b lade w ith 3 r ivets, 2 i n s itu a nd 1 d etached, t he b lade b eing s trengthened b y a b road t apering m idrib a nd d ecorated o n b oth f aces w ith 2 c onverging b ands o f 4g rooves p arallel t o t he e dges. T he i nner m argins o f t he g rooves h ave f inely e ngraved h atched t riangles,

a nd t he i nner m argins o f t he b ands o f t riangles a re m arked

b y d ouble r ows o f p unched d ots. ( d) F ound c 1941 i n a r abbit b urrow a nd c ame i nto p ossession o f t he M useum i n 1 963. ( e) C hilde 1 941; G erloff 1 975,

1 32,

N o.217.

H USBAND'S B OSWORTH,

L eics,

c SP 6 4

8 4,

2 0 k m S o f L eicester.

( a) B ronze h oard. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( i) 2 s ocketed a xes o f p lain, f aceted t ype ( 833) a nd ( 834). ( ii) S ocketed a xe w ith 6 v ertical i ndentations ( 855). ( iii) S ocketed a xe w ith 3 v ertical i ndentations ( 856). ( iv) 3 s ocketed g ouges ( 906), ( 907) a nd ( 908). ( v) 2 s ocketed a xes a pparently w ithout l oops, o r s ocketed c hisels ( 909) a nd ( 910). ( vi) 2 s ocketed c hisels ( 911) a nd ( 912). ( vii) C ircular o bject w luh a l arge c entral p erforation a nd c ollar, p ossibly t he o rifice o f a m ould o r a r iser f rom t he c asting o f a s ocketed t ool ( 913). ( d) F ound o n 2 3 D ecember 1 801 b y M .Grocock a nd J .Allam o f H usband's B osworth c 1.8 m etres b elow t he s urface i n l and b elonging t o M r. F .F.Turvil c alled G ravel C lose. ( e) N ichols 1 804, 1 127 a nd P late C LI; C lough 1 979, 1 24-6.

I LAM,

S taffs,

c SK

1 37 5 14,

P it

6 k m NW o f A shbourne.

( a) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) A shmolean M useum, O xford ( NC 3 37). ( c) ( 687), l ength 2 2.1 c m, n arrow b utt, w idely s played b lade. ( d) F ound n ear S t. B ertram's W ell b efore 1 686. P resented b y D r. R .Plot, f irst K eeper o f t he M useum, i n 1 686. ( e) P lot 1 686, 4 03, T able 3 3, f ig 6 ; G unstone 1 964,

2 6.

I LAM,

S taffs,

c SK

1 3 5 0,

6k m NW o f A shbourne.

( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), l arge s pearhead 848, 1 0; G unstone 1 964, 2 6. w ith l oops a t t he b ase. ( d) ( e) B ateman 1

I LAM,

H azleton H ill,

S taffs,

S K

1 250 4 985,

6 km NW o f A shbourne.

( a) F ood v essel. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 576), b asic b ipartite v ase, p lain. ( d) B arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 2 6 a nd 3 0 M ay 1 849, a nd f ood v essel

7 m etres f ound c

f rom t he c entre w ith a c remation b uria - . ( e) B ateman

1 9 1 4

1 861, 1 41; B ateman/Jewitt M S, 3(B1cz .e w ith Swinscoe 2 ). 3

C 14;

I LAM M OOR,

6 k m NW o f A shbourne.

1 .(a)

S taffs,

Beaker

c SK

1 3 5 0,

f ragments.

i mpressions.

( ii)

( b)

( 383),

L ost.

M anby

( c)

1 957,

( i)

i ndeterminate,

2 6,

( 365)

B 4;

G unstone 1 965,

F N t ype,

f inger n ail

t wisted c ord d ecoration.

( d)

P ossibly f rom t he l arge b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 2 J uly 1 845 -s ee I lam T ops L ow b elow. ( e) Bateman 1 848, 8 2-3; B ateman/Jewitt M S, B 33; F owler 1 955, 1 05; C larke 1 970, 4 95, N o.830F. 2 .(a)

Pottery

f ragment.

( b)

B ritish

M useum.

( c)

R im

s herd

( 644),

i ndeterminate, p robably b eaker, t wisted c ord d ecoration -h orizontal l ines a nd f illed t riangles o r l ozenges. ( d) F ound o n 2J uly 1 845 i n a b arrow w hich w as

o pened

1 80 m etres t o t he l eft

b y T .Bateman m idway b etween W etton

o f t he r oad.

b urial a nd 3 f lint i mplements. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 7 9-80.

I LAM T OPS L OW, Beaker

Formerly i n t he J .F.Lucas C ollection.

I lam M oor, D erbys, S K 1 358 5 269,

f ragments

a nd I lam

T he s herd w as w ith a n i nhumation

a nd b ronze

a wl.

( b)

S CM .

6k m NW o f A shbourne. ( c)

( i)

B eaker

s herds

( 350), ( SCM :- X1975.21), E t ype, c omb d ecoration -b ands o f o blique l ines a nd t riangles. ( ii) B ronze a wl ( 734), ( SCM :- J 93.560), l ength 1 .8 c m.

( d) Found i n t he l arge b arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n

1 2 J uly

1 845 i n a c ist w ith h uman r emains, t he u nburnt s kull o f a n o x, p artly c harred bones o f t he o x, c harcoal 5 c m d eep, a nd f ragments o f a nother v essel. 1 83-4;

( e) B ateman 1 848, 8 3-3; a nd 1 855, 8 7, N 50; Fowler 1 955,

l nd 9 , G 66;

1 05; G unstone 1 965, 4 0 ( Ilam 3 );

S CMCBC,

C larke 1 970, 4 95,

N o. 8 29

I LAM,

S taffs -s ee a lso B EECHENHILL;

I NGARSBY, ( a)

L eics,

B ronze

( ex R IVER

s pearhead.

( b)

0 4,

L eicester

( 35.1913).

( c)

( 88) 4),

i n t he r ailway c utting n ear I ngarsby c SK 6 6

f rom t he R .Trent

S taffs,

Pebble

c SK 0 2

h ammer.

4 9,

( b)

( e)

8 km S E o f L eek.

S toke-on-Trent

M useum

( 33.31).

( c)

( 129),

f ragment, l ength 8 .3 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 1 3/ah ( ex 3 /ah), q uartzite. ( d) A cquired i n 1 931. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 2 6.

I PSTONES,

t op

r idge, p ossibly a s ocketed, l eafc m. ( d) F ound i n s and a nd g ravel

9 km E o f L eicester. P resented b y M iss E .Radford i n 1 913.

I PSTONES, ( a)

D erbys.

T RENT). J WM,

p art o f a s pearhead w ith c entral s haped, p egged t ype, l ength 1 0.8 b rought

a nd T HORPE,

N .St

S taffs -see a lso S HARPCLIFFE

J ERICHO L ODGE, T hrussington, L eics, S K 6 41 1 93, 1 0 k m Eo f L oughborough. ( a) Bronze s ocketed a xe.

( b) J WM, L eicester ( 26.1948).

( c) B reton t ype

( 866), l ength 1 2.9 c m. ( d) F ound c 1940 b y a f armworker i n a f ield t o N o f J ericho L odge a nd c lose t o t he F oss W ay. I t w as o btained b y M r. E .A.Taylor,

w ho p resented

i t

t o t he M useum.

1 95

( e)

P owell

1 949.

K EELE H ALL, S taffs, S J 8 0 4 5, 7 k m W SW o f S toke-on-Trent c entre. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum. ( c) U nlooped ( 761), l ength 1 5.9 c m, s hield p attern. ( d) F ound i n f ront o f K eele H all i n f ields b eyond p resent l awn, p robably d uring 1 939-45 W ar. O n p ermanent l oan s ince J une

K ENSLOW , 1 .1821.

1 979

M iddleton,

f rom M rs. M .E.Summerfield.

D erbys,

S K

1 84 6 17,

( e)

7 k m S W o f B akewell.

Ta) S tone b attle a xe, s tone i mplement a nd b one o rnament. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B attle a xe ( 21), ( SCM :- J 93.24), l ength 1 0.4 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, b roken a nd r epaired. ( ii) S tone p estle/rubber ( 165), ( SCM :-J 93.122), ( iii)

B one

l ength 1 0.6 c m, t riangular i n s ection,

o rnament

( 989),

( SCM :- J93.551),

D b 1 74, t uff.

c rescent-shaped,

2

p erforations, l ength 5 .1 c m. ( d) B arrow o pened b y W .Bateman i n F ebruary 1 821. ( 21) a nd ( 165) f ound a t c entre o f b arrow w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial i n a c ist.

( 989)

d iscovered i n t he b arrow 1 .8 m etres f rom t he

e dge. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 2 8-30; a nd 1 855, 3 , G 23; a nd 1 , G 3; S CMCBC, 1 0-12, 3 2 a nd 1 82; E vans 1 897, 2 14 a nd 4 67; R oe 1 966, N o.47; M oore a nd C ummins

1 974,

7 2.

2 .1848. ( a) B eaker f ragments, b ronze d agger a nd 6 b one o rnaments. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B eaker s herd ( 354), ( SCM :- X1975.23), N 2 t ype, d ecoration -h orizontal c omb l ines, b ands o f f inger n ail i mpressions a nd i ncised c rosses a nd c hevrons. ( ii) D agger ( 698), ( SCM :- J 93.446), l ength 8 .8 c m, f lat, r iveted b lade, 3 r ivets i n s itu, o mega m ark, b evelled e dges. ( iii) B one o rnaments ( 990), ( SCM :- J 93.552), c rescent-shaped, 2 p erforations. ( d) B arrow r eopened b y T .Bateman o n 1t o 4F ebruary 1 848. ( 354) f ound n ear t he c entre, ( 698) d iscovered w ith t he p rimary b urial i n t he c ist, a nd ( 990) w ere s cattered i n t he b arrow . ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 0, N 80; 1 3, G 106 a nd G 103; a nd 1 861, 2 0-2; S CMCBC, 7 1 a nd 1 82; F owler 1 955, 1 05 a nd 11; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.134; G erloff 1 975, M arsden 1 977, 7 3(Middleton a nd S merrill 9 ).

K ENSLOW F ARM, M iddleton, ( a) S tone s hafthole a dze. s ymmetrical, h our-glass c 1828. ( e) B ateman 1 855,

D erbys,

c SK

1 8 6 2,

( b) S CM ( J93.16).

4 2, N o .24;

7 k m S W o f B akewell. ( c)

( 100), l ength 1.9 c m,

p erforation, D b 1 30, g reywacke. ( d) F ound 1 6, G 143; S CMCBC, 9 ; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974,

7 1.

K ETTON, R utland, L eics, S K 9 845 0 550, 5 km S W o f S tamford. ( a) B ronze h oard. ( b) R utland C ounty M useum, O akham ( 1972.31), e xcept ( 1972.31(3) ) w hich i s i n t he p ossession o f K etton P ortland C ement C o. ronze i ngot L td. ( c) ( i) S ocketed k nife ( 880), l ength 2 0.5 c m. ( ii) B o f c asting s crap. C orpus N o. ( 830) ( 836) ( 839) ( 840) ( 841)

( iii)

A cquisition N o. 1 972.31 ( 13)

1 6 s ocketed a xes a s f ollows T ype

L ength c m 9 .5

P lain e xcept

f or m oulding o f t he

( 6) ( 12)

1 2.3 1 0.5

m outh. P lain f aceted. 3i ncipient v ertical d ecorative r ibs.

( 3) ( 16)

1.2 1 0.3

3v ertical d ecorative r 'bs. 3v ertical d ecorative r ibs.

1 96

( 842)

1 0.6

( 843) ( 8 ) 44)

1 0.7 1 0.7

( 850) ( 851) ( 854)

1.0 1 0.2 1.1

( 861)

9 .7

( 862)

1 0.5

( 863) ( 864)

9 .9 1.0 1 0.6

( 865)

( d)

F ound o n 2 9 A pril

1 972

ecorative r 3 v ertical d ibs. 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. 4 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. 6 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. 4 v ertical i ndentations. D ecorated w ith i mitation w ings i n r elief . D ecorated w ith i ndented c urves. D ecorated w ith 3 r oundels. D ecorated w ith 3 r oundels. 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs w ith p ellets a t t op o f r ibs.

d uring c onstruction w ork a t K etton c ement

w orks. P resented t o t he M useum b y t he C o. 2 ), 7 5; C lough 1 979, 1 21-4.

K IBWORTH B EAUCHAMP/FLECKNEY,

L eics,

i n 1 972.

c SP 6 6 9 3,

( e) T LAS 4 7

( 1971-

1 3 k m S E o f L eicester.

( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 1-1943). ( c) S ocketed, l eafs haped, s ide l ooped ( 816), l ength 9 .3 c m. ( d) F ound i n 1 939 w hen e recting a p ylon b etween K ibworth B eauchamp a nd F leckney. C ame i nto p ossession o f t he M useum i n 1 943. ( e) R owlands 1 976, 3 67.

K INGSBURY,

W arwicks,

S P 2 18

9 65,

8 k m S o f T amworth.

( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) B irmingham M useum ( 4.4 -7). ( c) S ocketed, s ide l ooped, p robably l eaf-shaped ( 819), l ength 1 2.4 c m, u pper p art m issing. ( d) F ound a t B rowningcroft. ( e) T homas 1 974, 2 8.

K INGS

H EATH,

B irmingham,

W est

M idlands,

S P

0 85

8 02,

6 k m

S SE

o f

B irmingham c entre. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) B irmingham M useum ( 69.686). ( c) U nlooped ( 751), l ength 1 6.4 c m, s hield p attern. ( d) D ug u p i n a g arden. ( e) T homas 1 974, 2 0; R owlands 1 976, 3 42, N o.1027.

K ING'S N ORTON, L eics, c SK 6 9 0 0, 1 1km S E o f L eicester. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 103.1930). ( c) U nlooped ( 752), l ength 1 6.0 c m, s hield p attern. ( d) F ound i n 1 910 i n p loughing a f ield a t K ing's N orton a nd d onated b y M r. P .W . H oskins

K ING'S

1 945,

1 75;

N ORTON,

R owlands

B irmingham,

1 976,

W est

a nd M iss F owler i n

1 930.

( e)

3 15.

M idlands,

S P

0 62

8 13,

6 k m

S o f

B irmingham c entre. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( 67), l ength 1 8.5 c m, p art p erforated, W a 1 3.ah, G roup X IV. ( d) F ound i n 1 933 a t d epth o f 2 .3 m etres d uring s ewerage e xcavations o n V icarage F arm E state, n ow c alled P ineapple E state. ( e) S hotton 1 952, 1 25, P late 1 9c; a nd 1 959, 1 36;

T homas

1 974,

K IRK I RETON, 1 .Gravel p it,

2 0;

D erbys, S K 2 51

R oe

1 979,

S K 2 6

5 0,

4 4.

4 k m S SW o f W irksworth.

4 97.

1 97

rns. ( b) D erby M useum ( a) 3 u p art c f a c ollared u rn ( 452), c ord d ecoration a nd

-a

h erringbone

b and

( 42-1946). ( c) ( i) F ragments o f u pper r im d iameter c 36 c m, i mpressed w hipped

o f v ertical

p attern

o ver

2

l ines

3 horizontal l ines

a bove

h orizontal

l ines

o n

t he

c ollar;

h erringbone p attern o n t he n eck a nd o n t he b evel i nside t he r im.

( ii)

C ollared u rn ( 453), h eight 2 4.7 c m, r im d iameter 2 3.4 c m, d ecoration -b ands o f v ertical w hipped c ord i mpressions o n c ollar, n eck a nd b evel i nside t he r im. 1 6.0 c m,

( iii)

B arrel u rn

r im i nverted,

( 667),

h eight 2 1.8 c m,

r im d iameter

2 v ertically p ierced l ugs b elow r im,

i mpressed

w hipped c ord d ecoration -b ands o f o blique a nd v ertical l ines o n u pper p art w ith a h orizontal l ine i mmediately b elow t he r im a nd 2 s uch l ines b elow

t he

l ugs.

mechanical

( d)

s hovel

n ear B lackwall,

O n

7 O ctober

i n t he

g ravel

1 946

p it

d uring g ravel w orking w ith

a

b elonging t o H ilton G ravel L td.

f ragments o f ( 452) w ere f ound. M ajor B lackwell o f t he

C ompany made a s earch o f t he a rea, a nd ( 453) a nd ( 667) w ere d iscovered i ntact t ogether w ith 2 h oles c ontaining b urnt b one. A ll t he f inds w ere m ade w ithin 6 0 c m o f t he s urface a nd t hey w ere d onated b y t he C o. 1 946.

( e)

C hilde,

W arwick a nd J ohnson

i n

1 948.

2 .Kirk I reton? ( a) B ronze s ocketed a xe. i s n ot

( b)

S toke-on-Trent M useum.

3v ertical d ecorative r ibs.

1 0.5 c m,

c lear,

b ut

i t

c losely

( d)

r esembles

( c)

( 845), l ength

T he p rovenance

t hat

o f t his

i llustrated b y

a xe

L .Jewitt

a s e xemplified, i n p articular, w hen v iewed i n p rofile b y t he f ault a t t he b ottom r ight o f t he l oop r esulting i n a n ostril e ffect a nd b y t he c asting f rom

s car

l eft

t o

M useum.(e) " Bronze

1 884,

a t

t he

J ewitt

s ocketed

5 9,

t op

r ight.

o f

O ther

1 870, c elt,

f ig 9 7,

t he

l oop

i tems

1 31,

w hich

r uns

o bliquely

b earing

" Jewitt"

1 97,

x vi

f ig

K irk I reton");

a nd

1 877,

5 7,

l abels

( /here

d ownwards a re

i n t he

d escribed

f ig 9 5,

a nd

i x;

a s a nd

a nd x vi.

3 .Kirk I reton? 1-7). ( c) ( 846), ( b) R otherham M useum ( 17 8 /5 7 3v ertical d ecorative r ibs. ( d) T he p rovenance o f t his

( a) B ronze s ocketed a xe. l ength 1 0.3 c m,

a xe i s n ot c lear, b ut t his a xe,

t he b lade o f w hich i s n ot f lared, d oes

n ot

b y

r esemble

t hat

i llustrated

m is-directed h imself. t his

i tem w as

J ewitt,

a nd

M anby

a ppears

t o h ave

T he r ecord c ard i n t he M useum w hich s tates t hat

f rom K irk I reton,

h ave b een w ritten i n a bout

i s b elieved

f rom t he

1 935 w ell p rior t o M anby,

h andwriting to 1 965.

( e) M anby

1 965.

K NIPTON,

L eics,

S K 8 1

3 0,

1 3 k m N NE o f M elton Mowbray.

( a) B eaker a nd b ronze b racelet.

( b) C ollection o f t he D uke o f R utland,

B elvoir C astle. ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 338), h eight 2 1.6 c m, r im 1 5.8 c m, S 3 t ype, d ecoration -c omb h orizontal l ines w ith c hevrons,

4 bands

i mpressions, b racelet

a nd

( 742),

o f

v ertical,

1 b and b ronze

o f o r

h orizontal

l ozenge c opper

o r

o blique

i mpressions.

s trip

w ith

( ii)

i ncised

d iameter 6 .35 c m, w idth 2 .55 c m. ( d) F ound a bout c hurch i n f ield O S p lot 9 0(11.532 a cres), c 1934

d iameter r eserved

l enticular P enannular d ecoration,

1 .5

k m SW o f t he d uring mechanical

e xcavation o f i ronstone. T he b eaker w as u pright i mmediately a bove t he b racelet, w hich w as l ying o n t op o f t he i ronstone b ed 9 0 c m b elow g round s urface.

I t

i s

p robable t hat

t he

d eposit

w as a g rave,

i s n ot p roved b y a ny r ecord o f a ssociated h uman b ones.

J ournal 1 5 ( 1935), 5 9-61; I nventaria A rchaeologica, G B 2 0(

1 970,

4 86.

1 98

b ut

i t

( e) A ntiquaries 19 57);

C larke

L ADY L OW, B lore, S taffs, S K 1 393 4 983, 5 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) B ronze r azor. ( b) S CM ( J93.447). ( c) ( 728), l ength 8 .7 c m, t anged, t ang b eing p ierced w ith 1 r ivet h ole. ( d) F ound i n t he m iddle o f a c remation b urial i n L ady L ow b arrow, w hich w as o pened b y S .Carrington o n 1 3 A pril 1 850. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 9, G 178; a nd 1 861, 1 63; S CMCBC, 7 1; G unstone 1 965, 3 4(Blore w ith S winscoe 7 ).

L ANGHAM,

R utland,

L eics,

S K 8 4

1,

3 k m N W o f O akham.

1 .(a) F ood v essel. ( b) R utland C ounty M useum, O akham ( OS 3 88). ( c) F ragments ( 602), r econstructed h eight c 13 c m, r im d iameter c 15 c m, r im , n eck, s houlder a nd u pper p art o f b ody d ecorated w ith r idges a nd b ands o f o blique i ndentations; i nside o f r im d ecorated w ith h orizontal l ines w ith v ertical a nd o blique i ndentations b etween. T he v essel h as 4 f eet, a nd t he b ase i s d ecorated w ith 3 s quares a nd a c entral c ircle i n r elief . ( d) F ound i n t he f oundations o f t he p rimary s chool F ormerly i n t he O akham S chool C ollection. ( e) 2 .Fragment o f s ocketed a xe.

( b)

( SK 8 440

1 094).

R utland C ounty M useum ( 1968.61).

( 872), l ower p ortion i ncluding c utting e dge, d epth 4 .3 c m . i n 1 967 i n f ield a t S K 8 459 1 232. ( e) C lough 1 979, 1 28.

( c)

( d) F ound

L ARKS L OW , n ear M iddleton, D erbys, S K 2 009 6 259, 6 k m S SW o f B akewell. ( a) W hetstone,

c ollared u rn a nd p ygmy c up.

( b) S CM .

( c)

( i) W hetstone

( 156), ( SCM :- J 93.115), l ength 1 4.6 c m, c offin-shaped. ( ii) C ollared u rn f ragment ( 470), ( SCM :-X1975.26), t wisted c ord d ecoration -filled

i ii) P ygmy c up ( 636), t riangles w ith h orizontal l ine b elow o n c ollar. ( ( SCM :-J 93.881), h eight 4 .7 c m, d iameter o f a pperture 5 .3 c m, m arkedly i nturned r im, p lain, n o p erforations. ( d) B arrow o pened b y W .Bateman o n 2 0 M ay 1 825. T he u rn w as c overed b y a s lab o f l imestone, a nd t he w hetstone a nd p ygmy c up, t ogether w ith a b ronze p in, a nimal t eeth a nd b ones w ere o n t op o f t he s lab, a ll b eing r elated t o a s econdary, c remation b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 3 3-4; a nd 1 855, 8 0, N 6; a nd 8 1, N 7; S CMCBC, 3 0, 3 1 a nd 1 52; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.272; M arsden 1 977, 7 2(Middleton a nd S merrill 4 ).

L ATHKILL D ALE,

D erbys,

c SK

1 7 6 5,

5 k m S W o f B akewell.

( a) P oint o f b ronze s pearhead. ( b) S CM ( J93.526). ( c) ( 892), 3 .4 c m. ( d) F ound i n 1 847. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 2, G 94; S CMCBC,

L ATHKILL D ALE,

L EAN L OW,

l ength 8 9.

D erbys -see a lso O NE A SH

D erbys,

S K

1 49 6 22,

9 k m S W o f B akewell.

1 .1847. ( a) S herds o f p ottery, b oar's t usk a nd f lint. ( b) B ritish M useum. ( c) ( i) Pottery f ragment ( 645), i ndeterminate, p robably f rom a n u rn, p lain. ( ii) B oar's t usk ( 1001).(iii) F lint m icrolith ( 215), 2 o ther f lint i mplements a nd 6 f lakes. ( d) L ean L ow b arrow w as r eopened b y T .Bateman o n 2 3 F ebruary 1 847, a nd t hese i tems w ere p robably r ecovered o n t hat o ccasion. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 1 02; a nd 1 855, 3 4, I 143(flint i tems). 2 .1847.

1 99

( a) F ood d iameter

v essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.817). ( c) ( 559), h eight 1 6.4 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs,

1 6.0 c m , r im w hipped c ord

( maggot) d ecoration -h erringbone p attern a ll o ver a nd o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound w ith a s econdary, c remation b urial, a nimal b one a nd a f lint k nife w hen t he b arrow w as r eopened b y T .Bateman o n 2 3 F ebruary 1 847. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 1 02; a nd 1 855, 9 0, N 74; S CMCBC, 19-20; 1 A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.191; F owler 1 955, 1 09; M anby 1 957, 1 8, N o.A20; M arsden 1 977, 4 9(Hartington T own Q uarter 5 ). 3 .1972. ( a) J et b ead a nd f lint. ( b) S CM ( Marsden C ollection). ( a) ( i) T ubular j et b ead ( 933), l ength 2 .8 c m. ( ii) F lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead ( 232), l ength 2 .9 c m. ( iii) F lint s pearhead ( 256), l ength 4 .0 c m , t ip m issing.

L EEK,

( d)

T he b arrow w as r e-excavated i n 1 972.

C ocklow ,

S taffs S J

( e) M arsden

1 976.

9 76 5 64.

( a) C ordoned u rn. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum . ( c) U pper p art ( 510), r im d iameter 2 0 c m, 2 c ordons, t wisted c ord d ecoration -c hevrons b etween r im

a nd

u pper

c ordon

b etween a h orizontal

a nd l ine

b etween a bove

u pper

a nd

a nd

b elow

l ower o n

c ordons;

b evel

i nside

c hevrons r im .

( d)

C ocklow b arrow w as o pened b y T .Bateman a nd S .Carrington o n 2 9 D ecember 1 851, w hen a p ottery f ragment a nd a f lint i mplement w ere f ound w ith a c remation b urial. D uring d emolition o f t he b arrow c 1906 a c remation b urial i n t his u rn ( 510) w as f ound. O n l oan f rom t he N icholson I nstitute, L eek, t o S toke-on-Trent M useum . ( e) B ateman 1 861, 1 83-5; G unstone 1 965, 4 3 ( Leek 2 ).

N ear L eek,

S taffs,

c SJ 9 8 5 6.

1 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 237-36). ( c) ( 53), l ength 2 0.4 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 4 3/ah ( ex N .St 1 5/ah), G roup X V. 2 7;

( d) F ound o n t he s urface i n a w ood n ear L eek. R oe 1 979, 4 4.

2 .Fragments

o f

c ordoned

u rn.

( b)

L eek

A rt

( e)

G unstone 1 964,

G allery

( Nicholson

I nstitute). ( c) ( 509), r im d iameter c 25 c m, 2 c ordons, t wisted c ord d ecoration -chevrons b etween r im a nd u pper c ordon a nd b etween u pper a nd l ower c ordons w ith a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow i n e ach c ase; c hevrons b etween a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n b evel i nside r im. V ery s imilar t o ( 510) f rom C ocklow a bove. ( d) ( e) G unstone 1 965,

3 9(Heathylee

1 )?

L EICESTER, A bbey M eadow, S K 5 89 0 63. ( a) B ronze d irk o r r apier. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 255-1853). ( c) ( 803), l ength 3 1 c m, f lattened m id-section , 2r ivet h oles w ith r ivets i n s itu, s pade-shaped b utt. ( d) D iscovered d uring e xcavations f or t he f lood s ewer i n A bbey M eadow 3 .7 m etres b elow t he s urface. D onated i n 1 853. ( e) B rowne 1 888, 5 5; T rump 1 962, 9 6, N o.84; R owlands 1 976, 4 05.

L EICESTER, H igh S treet, c SK 5 85 0 45. ( a) B ronze p alstave a nd d irk o r r apier. ( b) J WM, L eicester(116.1962/95 a nd 1 16.1962/176). ( c) ( i) U nlooped p alstave ( 760), l ength 1 5.6 c m, s hield/trident p attern. ( ii) D irk o r r apier ( 804), l erzth 3 4.2 c m, c entral t hickening, 2 r ivet h oles, n arrow s pade-shaped b utt. ( d) F ound

2 00

o n r 2 J une 1 902 i n H igh S treet o pposite W atts a t ad epth o f 4 .5 m etres. P art c f t he S purway C ollection p urchased b y t he M useum i n 1 962. ( e) R owlands 1 976, 3 15 a nd 4 05.

L EICESTER, L eicester C emetery, W elford R oad, c SK 5 89 0 35. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer . ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 57-1858). ( c) ( 48), l ength 1 7.4 c m, s emi-cylindrical p erforation, L e 1 6, G roup X VIII. ( d) F ound i n 1 858 a nd p resented b y M r. T .Forster. ( e) E vans 1 897, 2 00; M oore a nd C ummins

1 974,

7 3; R oe 1 979,

7 3.

L EICESTER, B ath S treet, S K 5 95 0 76, o r B ath L ane, S K 5 81 0 45. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 5-1860). ( c) ( 127), m ax d iameter 1 7.5 c m , d iscoidal, h our-glass p erfortion . R oman p avement. ( e) B rowne 1 888, 3 1.

L EICESTER, B each D rive, c SK 5 8 0 4? ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester 7 .7 c m , p art p erforated, q uartzite . D rive a nd g iven b y M iss S .York. ( e)

( d) F ound i n 1 860 u nder a

( 670-1962).

( c)

( 132),

l ength

( d) F ound i n g arden o f 4 0 B each

L EICESTER, W harf S treet, c SK 5 96 0 52. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 2581-1886). ( c) ( 134), m ax d iameter 1.7 c m , h our-glass p erforation . ( d) F ound a t a d epth o f 3 .7 m etres a nd g iven b y M r. W .Smith i n 1 886. ( e) B rown 1 888, 3 0-31.

L EICESTER, S ydney S treet, c SK 5 92 0 57. ( a) B ronze d agger. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 48-1868). ( c) ( 703), l ength o f b lade 1 5.8 c m, f lat, r iveted, t ongue-shaped b lade. O riginally s ecured t o t he b ottom o f t he h aft, w hich i s m issing, b y 9r ivets w hich a re i n s itu. B one o r i vory p ommel w hich i s s ecured t o p art o f t he t ang w hich r emains, t here b eing 9 r ivet h oles i n 3l ines w ith 8 i n s itu. ( d) F ound o n 2 3 A pril 1 868 w ith r emains o f a h uman s keleton a bout 6 0 c m d eep, r esting o n g ravel, i n S ydney S treet a bout 2 m etres f rom t he e dge o f t he f ootpath l eading t o B elgrave, t his f ootpath n ow b eing k nown a s R oss's W alk. ( e) E vans 1 881, 2 31; B rowne 1 888, 2 6-8; G erloff 1 975, 5 3, N o.58.

P robably L EICESTERSHIRE, p ossibly M ELTON M OWBRAY d istrict, c SK 7 5 1 9. ( a) B eaker . ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 27-1q36). ( c) ( 326), height 1 6.8 cm, r im d iameter 1.0 c m, S i t ype, c omb d ecoration - bands o f v ertical l ines a nd a rches s eparated b y h orizontal l ines a nd r eserved b ands. ( d) P art o f t he B ickley B equest ( Bickley o f M elton M owbray) t o t he M useum i n 1 936. ( e) C larke 1 970, 4 86, N o .425.

P robably L EICESTERSHIRE. 1 .(a) A xe h ammer. ( b) J WM , F ragment

( 68),

l ength

L eicester

1 4.9 c m ,

( wrongly m arked 2 14-1950).

h our-glass p erforation.

2 01

( d)

( e)

( c)

2 .(a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 71-1951). ( c) ( 133), l ength 8 ,1 c m, h our-glass p erforation . ( d) D onated i n 1 951 b y M rs. J .Johnson. ( e) 3 .(a)

C ollared u rn. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 27-1936). ( c) ( 454), h eight c, m r im d iameter 1 0.5 c, m tis w ted cr o d dc e oration - ht a ched t riangles b etween h orizontal l ines o n c ollar ; l attice p attern w ith 2 h orizontal l ines b elow o n n eck. ( d) P art o f t he B ickley B equest.

1 -1 .2

4 .(a) P ygmy c up. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 27-1936). ( c) ( 620), h eight 4 .6 c m, r im d iameter 6 .2 c m , b iconical, 2 p erforations, i ncised d ecoration -h atched t riangular p attern b etween h orizontal l ines; d iagonal l ines o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) P art o f t he B ickley B equest. ( e) P owell 1 950(1), 7 5 a nd 8 0.

L EIGH, S taffs, c SK 0 1 3 6, 8 k m W NW o f U ttoxeter. ( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 66-53). ( c) ( 4), l ength 1 0.3 c m, s emi-cylindrical p erforation, S t 4 9/ah, g reywacke . ( d) - ( e) T NSFC 8 8(1953-4), 1 05; G unstone 1 964, 2 8; R oe 1 966, N o .178.

L EIGH, n ear U ttoxeter.

D airy

H ouse

F arm ,

S taffs,

c SJ

9 97

3 67,

1 0

k m

W NW

o f

( a) B ronze a xe h ead o r p alstave. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( d) F ound i n d igging a d rain a t w estern f oot o f ar ounded e minence 2 f ields E o f D airy H ouse F arm c 1894. I n 1 904 i n p ossession o f V ery R ev E .Lane, D ean o f R ochester, w hen i t w as e xhibited t o t he N orth S taffs F ield C lub. ( e) T NSFC 3 9 ( 1904-5), 1 41; G unstone 1 964, 2 8.

L ID ( LETT) L OW B ARROW , n ear W arslow , S taffs, c SK 0 8 5 8, 1 5 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) B ronze d agger. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 709), f lat, r iveted b lade, l ength 1 9 c m , t riangular o utline, r ounded t o p ointed h eel, 2 r ivet h oles a nd c entral n otch, ' V' -shaped h ilt m ark, b evelled e dges. ( d) F ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial a nd 2 f lint s pearheads, l ongest c 7 c m, i n t he b arrow w hen o pened b y S ir J ohn H arpur C rewe a nd S ir G ardner W ilkinson o n 2 7 N ovember 1 851. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 2 45; T hurnham 1 871, P late 3 3, f ig 5 ; E vans 1 881, 2 25; A bercromby 1 912, V ol 1 , 1 62, P late L XI, f ig 0 .44; G unstone 1 965, 5 1

( Warslow a nd E lkstone 3 ); G erloff 1 975, N o .80.

L ID L OW , n ear T horpe, D erbys, S K 1 623 5 078, 5 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) F ood v essel. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 1873,6-2,127). ( c) ( 595), f ragment, r im d iameter 1 6 c m, i mpressed d ecoration -b ands o f v ertical a nd o blique l ines, ' V 's a nd p unctures b etween h orizontal l ines; r im h eavily d ecorated. ( d) F rom t he J .F.Lucas C ollection. ( e) M arsden 1 977, 9 5 ( Thorpe 3 ). L IFFS

L OW B ARROW ,

n ear

B iggin,

D erbys,

S K

1 531

5 866,

1

k m N NW o f

A shbourne. 1 .(a) P ottery v essel, 2 f lint a xes, b oar's t usk, a ntler m acehead a nd r ed p aint. ( b) S CM. ( c) ( i) P ottery v essel ( 276), ( SCM :- J93.757A), h eight 1 0.4 c m , r im d iameter 4 .9 X 4 .1 c m, r ounded b ottom, f lasks haped, d ecoration -near h orizontal l ines o f i ncisions a nd s tabs o n u pper p ortion , a nd t wisted c ord h orizontal l ines o n l ower p ortion.

2 02

( ii)

l int

a pparently

a xe

( 174),

u nused,

( SCM :-

p artly

J 93.54),

p olished.

l ength ( iii)

1 4.5

F lint

c m,

w hitish

a xe

( 175),

f lint ( SCM :-

J 93.55), l ength 1 8.9 c m, w hitish f lint, a pparently u nused b ut c hipped a t o ne e dge o f b lade, p artly p olished. ( iv) P ortion o f b oar's t usk ( 1002), ( J93.550), a nother m islaid. ( v) A ntler m acehead ( 97), ( SCM :J 93.569), l ength 8 .1 c m, l ozenge d ecoration c arved o n f lat e nd, n ear c ylindrical

p erforation.

( vi)

2 p ieces

o f

r ed

p aint

( 1003),

( SCM :-

J 93.550), a nother m islaid. ( d) F ound w ith a p rimary, i nhumation b urial i n ac ist w hen t he b arrow w as o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 4 J uly 1 843. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 4 1-3; a nd 1 855, 8 2, N 14; 6 6, L 17 a nd L 16; 2 , G 10; 4 , G 24;

S CMCBC,

1 9,

2 0,

9 2,

1 82 a nd

1 955,

9 9-101;

M arsden 1 977,

2 .(a)

F lint.

( b)

B ritish

1 85;

E vans

1 897,

9 1

a nd 4 34;

F owler

7 ( Hartington N ether Q uarter 1 ).

M useum.

( c)

( i)

F lint

k nife

( 182),

l ength

1 0.0 c m ( Bateman N o .I9). ( ii) F lint s pearhead ( 183), l ength 8 .9 c m ( Bateman N o.I16). ( iii) F lint l eaf-shaped a rrowhead ( 247), l ength 4 .5 c m ( Bateman N o.I9). ( d) A s i n 1 a bove. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 4 1-3; a nd 1 855, 3 1, 1 9-17 ( part); E vans 1 897, 2 48-9 a nd 2 95.

L ITTLEOVER, D erbys,

S K 3 30 3 44,

3 k m S W o f D erby c entre.

.

( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) D erby M useum ( L246-76). ( c) ( 69), l ength 2 0.9 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation, D b 2 27, G roup X IV. ( d) F ound i n 1 974 i n g arden o f 1 7 S carsdale A venue a t d epth o f 3 0 c m . O n l oan f rom M r. H .Hailey s ince 1 976. ( e) E MAB 1 2(1978), 1 ; R oe 1 979, 4 3. L OCKINGTON,

L eics,

S K 4 65 2 87,

2 k m N E o f C astle r onnington.

( a) B eaker f ragment, w hetstone, f lint, b ronze k nife-dagger a nd b ronze a wl. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 555-1955). ( c) ( i) B eaker s herd ( 385), i ndeterminate, i ncised d ecoration. ( ii) I mperforate w hetstone ( 157), l ength 8 .0 c m . ( iii) 3 f lint p lano-convex k nives ( 196), ( 197) a nd ( 198), l ength 6 .1 c m , 6 .9 c m a nd 5 .2 c m . ( iv) 2 f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowheads ( 233), a nd ( 234), l ength 2 .7 c m a nd, f ragment 2 .5 c m. ( v) B ronze k nife-dagger ( 717), l ength 6 .0 c m , f lat, r iveted b lade, 2 r ivet h oles, p art o f o riginal h ilt. ( vi) B ronze a wl ( 735), ( JWM :-435-1955), l ength 1 .6 c m. ( d) F ound i n 1 954 i n t he e xcavation o f t he r ound b arrow b y M .Posnansky. T hese i tems, e xcept ( 157) a nd ( 233), w ere a ssociated w ith a p rimary, c remation b urial i n t he c entral a rea o f t he b arrow . Donated b y M .Posnansky. ( e) P osnansky 1 955 ( 1); G erloff 1 975, 1 61, N o. 2 1 46

L ONG E ATON,

D erbys,

S K 4 9

3 3,

1 3 k m E SE o f D erby.

1 .Long E aton C emetery, S K 4 87 3 37. ( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) L ong E aton P ublic L ibrary. 1 7.3

c m,

n ear

c ylindrical

Moore a nd C ummins

1 974,

2 .233 B reedon S treet,

p erforation,

6 9;

R oe

1 979,

D b

7 ,

G roup

( c)

( 2),

l ength

X IV.

( d)

( e)

4 1.

S K 4 80 3 48.

( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) B uxton M useum ( DERSB.929/1979). ( c) ( 38), l ength 1 7.2 c m, o ne f ace d ished, c ylindrical p erforation, D b 1 20, G roup X VIII. ( d) F ound o n f ormer g rassland a nd p resented b y M r. W .Creswell. ( e) E MAB 2 (1958), 1 ; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1; R oe 1 979, 4 4.

L ONGNOR,

L ow B ent,

S taffs,

c SK 0 8 6 4,

2 03

9 k m S E o f B uxton.

( a)

J et

s mall

b ead.

( b)

p iece o f j et,

S CM

( J93.415).

( c)

( Not

i llustrated

p ierced a nd a pparently a b ead.

a s

m islaid),

( d) S maller b arrow

o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 3 J une 1 848. F ound w ith a c remation, p robably p rimary, b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 3 6-7; S CMCBC, 4 15; G unstone 1 965, 3 8 ( Fawfieldhead 4 ).

L OW B ENT,

S taffs -see L ONGNOR

L UBBESTHORPE, L eics, S K 5 494 0 208, 4 k m S W o f L eicester. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) L ooped ( 767), l ength 1 2.9 c m, m idribbed p attern . o f

1 .2

m etres

i n

B ig

H at

( d) F ound i n 1 893 b y M r. J .Neale a t a d epth F ield

a bout

4 00

I llustrated i n t he N ational B ronze I ndex.

M ANCETTER,

W arwicks,

1 .Witherly,

S P

S P 3 2 9 6,

m etres

N E

( e) R owlands

o f H at 1 976,

F arm.

3 15.

2 k m S E o f A therstone.

3 26 9 68.

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), f ragment o f u nfinished ( unperforated) b attle a xe, e xpanded b lade, W a 24 /a h , d iorite a kin t o G roup X IV. ( d) E xcavated b y M rs. B .R.Hartley a t t he R oman K iln f ield i n 1 970. I t h as n ot b een r eceived a pparently b y B irmingham M useum f rom t he e xcavator. ( e) T homas 1 974, 3 0, R oe 1 979, 4 1. 2 .0SP 3 2 9 6. ( a) G old ( and s ilver?) p enannular r ing. ( b) B ritish M useum . ( c) ( 893), d iameter 1 .5 c m, t hickness 4 .5 m m, c omposed o f t ransverse l ayers, p ossibly a lternately o f g old a nd s ilver. ( d) ( e) B ritish M useum G uide t o t he A ntiquities T homas

1 974,

o f t he B ronze A ge,

2 nd

e dition,

1 920,

5 3 ,

3 0.

M ANIFOLD V ALLEY, S taffs, c 12 k m E o f L eek. ( a) B ronze h aft-flanged a xe. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 11-1966). ( c) ( 798), l ength 1 4.2 c m, s hallow s top r idge, b lade d ecorated w ith a m oulded

c entral

r ib.

1 966. P resented b y M r.

( d)

F ound

i n

t he

J .Lancaster i n

M anifold V alley 1 966.

i n o r

b efore

( e)

M ARCHINGTON, S taffs, c SK 1 3 3 0, 5 k m S E o f U ttoxeter. ( a) Bronze p alstave. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( d) O nce i n t he C ollection o f W illiam M olyneux.

( e) G unstone 1 964,

2 9.

M ARE H ILL, T hrowley, S taffs, S K 1 053 5 259, 9 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) F ood v essel, b ronze k nife-dagger a nd b one p in. ( b) S CM. ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 578), ( SCM :-J 93.788), h eight 1 2.6 c m, r im d iameter 1.5 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern a ll o ver a nd o n b evel i nside r im . ( ii) K nife-dagger ( 719), ( SCM :-J 93.450), l ength 8 .2 c m, f lat, r iveted b lade, 2 r ivet h oles, b evelled e dges. ( iii) B one p in ( 965), ( SCM :- J93.534), l ength 7 .9 c m, n o e ye? ( d) B arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 2 5 M ay 1 848. F ood v essel f ound w ith a s econdary?,inhumation b urial o f a c hild; k nife-dagger d iscovered i n a e ist w ith a s econdary, c remation b urial; b one p in n ossibly f rom a nother s econdary c remation b urial i n t he v icinity o f t he f ood v essel

2 0 1 4

i nhumation b urial. ( e) ( 1), ( ii) a nd ( iii) B ateman 1 861, 1 13-4; F owler 1 955, 1 09 a nd 11; G unstone 1 965, 5 5 ( Waterhouses 3 3). ( i) B ateman 1 855, 9 1, N 85; S CMCBC, 1 06; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.187; M anby 1 957, 2 7, N o.B6. ( ii) B ateman 1 855, 1 5, G 130; S CMCBC, 7 3; G erloff 1 975, 1 66, N o.293. ( iii) B ateman 1 855, 1 5, G 131; S CMCBC, 1 77.

M ARKET B OSWORTH, L eics, c SK 4 0 0 3, 1 8 k m W o f L eicester. 1 .Fragment o f c ollared u rn. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 109-1951). ( c) ( 415), r im d iameter c 26 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -h orizontal l ines w ith i ndentations a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; m aggot i ndentations o n n eck; 2 h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) ( e) P owell 1 950(1), 7 2 a nd 8 0; L ongworth 1 961, 2 97, N o.168. 2 .(a) E ronze p alstave . ( b) P rivate p ossession . ( c) L ooped ( 768), l ength 1 6.6 c m, m idribbed p attern. ( d) E xhibited w ith h istoric i tems t o t he L eicestershire A rchaeological S ociety o n 7J une 1 905, w hen i t w as s aid t hat t hey h ad b een f ound d uring a lterations t o B osworth H all. A ccording t o t he N ational B ronze I ndex i t w as s aid t o h ave b een f ound o n t he s ite o f t he B attle o f B osworth. H owever, t he I ndex a dds t hat M r. C .N.L.Tollemache S cot w as L ord o f t he M anor o f B osworth, t hat t he p alstave w as g iven t o h im b y a n o ld r etainer w ho h ad f ound i t y ears p reviously, a nd t hat t he p rovenance w as u nknown. J WM , L eicester h olds a d rawing o f t his p alstave h eaded " Bosworth, L eics. C ollection o f C ountess o f D ysart", w hich w as m ade b y M r. C harles G reen a nd s ent b y h is d aughter, M iss B .Green, K eeper o f A rchaeology, C astle M useum, N orwich, t o J WM o n 2 3 M ay 1 975. ( e) T LAS 1 0(1905-6), 3 2; R owlands 1 976, 3 15.

M ARKET B OSWORTH,

L eics -see a lso O DSTONE H ALL

M ARKET H ARBOROUGH, L eics, c SP 7 2 8 7. ( a) P ottery v essels. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( i) P robable e nlarged f ood v essel ( 521), h erringbone d ecoration o n r im, n eck a nd s houlder. ( ii) P robable e nlarged f ood v essel ( 522), d ecoration h orizontal a nd v ertical p anels o n r im; b ands o f i mpressed d ecoration o n n eck a nd s houlder. ( iii) F ood v essel ( 560), p robable Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, b oth g rooves d ecorated w ith h erringbone p attern. ( iv) F ood v essel ( 577), b asic b ipartite v ase, d ecorated a ll o ver w ith o blique l ines. ( d) B etween 1 779 a nd 1 788 s ix p ottery v essels a nd t he f ragments o f s everal o thers w ere f ound i n a g ravel p it c 400 m etres N W o f t he t own . ( e) N ichols 1 798, 4 86-7 a nd P late L XXXIII.

M ARKET O VERTON, R utland, L eics, c SK 8 8 1 6, 7 k m N NE o f O akham . ( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S tamford M useum ( ST.N 1 62). ( c) ( 603), h eight 9 .7 c m, r im d iameter 1.0 c m , 4 l ugs b elow r im , 4 f eet, t wisted c ord d ecoration -4 h orizontal l ines o n o utside o f r im, c hevrons b elow ; 2 h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) D ug u p o n 1 J uly 1 922 b y M r. F .Taylor a t t he i ron w orkings o f J ames P ain L td. ( e)

M ARSTON J ABBETT, W arwicks, S P 3 79 8 89, 4 k m S SE o f N uneaton. ( a) B ronze p alstave-adze. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( 900), l ength 1 6.1 c m . ( d) F ound 4 00 m etres N o f M arston J abbett i n S eptember 1 966

2 05

u nder g round s urface i n a t hin l ayer o f a pparently o ld c anal d redging s ludge.(e) H obley 1 971, 1 80 a nd 1 78, f ig l c; T homas1974, 3 0; R owlands 1 976, 3 54, N o.1137.

M ARTINSHAW W OOD,

L eics -see R ATBY

M ATLOCK,

c SK 2 9 6 0.

D erbys,

1 .(a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) A shmolean M useum, O xford ( 1927-2523). ( c) ( 729), l ength 2 2.2 c m, t anged, e nd o f t ang b roken o ff, r idge a long c entre o f t he b lade w ith a g roove o n e ach s ide p arallel t o t he e dge. ( d) P art o f t he E vans C ollection. ( e) E vans 1 881, 2 59. 2 .(a) U rn. r im

( b) S CM ( J93.831).

d iameter

9 .0

c m,

( c) M iniature u rn ( 524)

b iconical,

i ncised

d ecoration

h eight 9 .6 c m, - overlapping

t riangles b etween a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow . ( d) F ound a t M atlock B ridge i n F ebruary 1 848 i nside a l arger u rn c ontaining b urnt b ones a nd c overed w ith a f lat l imestone i n a c ist d iscovered d uring c onstruction o f t he R owsley a nd A mbergate R ailway. P resented t o T .Bateman b y M r. C ampbell. ( e) B ateman 1 855, S CMCBC, 1 24; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.266.

9 3, N 110;

a nd 1 861, 2 44;

M ATLOCK O R D ARLEY D ALE,Derbys, c SK 2 9 6 0 o r c SK 2 6 6 3. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) D erby M useum ( 819-6-21). ( c) ( 45), l ength 1 8.0 c m, O b 6 1, G roup X V. ( d) P robably f ound b y T .Richardson a t D arley D ale.

( e) M oore a nd C ummins

M ATLOCK,

D erbys

c SK 2 9

1 974,

7 0;

R oe 1 979,

6 0(or M ARKHAM M OOR,

4. 4

N otts,

c SK 7 1

7 1,

4 k m W

o f T uxford). ( a) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) S CM ( J1974.610). ( c) ( 686), l ength 2 2.4 c m, s light h ammered f langes. B oth e dges d ecorated w ith l ozenge f acets, a nd b oth f aces d ecorated w ith p unched h erringbone p attern a nd t riangles, o ne f ace h aving a ' rain' p attern i n a ddition. d oubtful.

P urchased f rom a d ealer.

( d) P rovenance e xtremely

( e)

M ATLOCK B ATH, D erbys, c SK 2 9 5 8, 2 k m S o f M atlock. ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) S CM ( J93.469). ( c) S ocketed,

l eaf-shaped,

s ide l ooped ( 818), l ength 1 0.8 c m. ( d) F ound o n 1 9 D ecember 1 806 n ear t he R iver D erwent. O riginally i n C ollection o f J ohn H unt o f W irksworth a nd t hen i n B ateman C ollection.

( e)

M AYFIELD,

3 k m W o f A shbourne.

S taffs,

S K

1 511

4 642,

S CMCBC,

7 9.

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustrated). ( d) D ug u p b etween C lifton a nd E llaston o n s mall p lateau k nown a s t he C liffs. ( e) T NSFC 4 5(1910-1),

M ELBOURNE,

D erbys,

1 96;

G unstone

S K 3 8 2 5,

1

1 964,

2 9.

k m S o f D erby.

1 .Castle S treet, S K 3 88 2 54. ( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) 5 s herds f rom a d ecorated b owl ( 282), P eterborough w are, h eight c 16 c m , r im d iameter c 26 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord f illed t riangles a nd l ozenges o n

2 06

n eck; b and o f s tab i mpressions a t g reatest d iameter. ( d) E xcavation c arriPi o ut b y t he D epartment o f t he E nvironment i n F ebruary 1 973 o n t he E s ide

o f

C astle

S treet

i n

a dvance

o f

f actory

d evelopment.

P it

F 34, d iameter 0 .9/1.0 m etre a nd m ax d epth 0 .4 m etre b elow t he b edrock, c ontained t hese s herds, a c oncentration o f c harcoal, 3 f ragments o f q uartzite a pparently f rom a n a xehead a nd 1 f ragment o f d aub. ( e) C ourtney 1 976. 2 .E.

o f R obin W ood,

c SK 3 6

( a)

B ronze p alstave.

( b)

2 5.

D erby M useum

( 246-1-54).

( c)

L ooped

( 782),

l ength 1 2.5 c m, m idribbed p attern, l ow f langed. ( d) F ound o n 3 0 J uly 1 954 E o f R obin W ood ( Ingerholmes W ood) o pposite S t. B ride's b y M r. J .T.Jackson. ( e) P osnansky 1 956, 1 7-8.

M ERIDEN,

W est M idlands,

1 .cSP 2 4

8 2.

c SP 2 4 8 2,

1 0 k m W NW o f C oventry.

arickshire C ounty M useum, W arwick ( A44 o r A 59). ( c) ( a) B eaker. ( b) W 2b eakers -o ne f rom M eriden a nd t he o ther f rom L illington, c SP 3 2 6 7. I t i s u ncertain a s t o w hich i s w hich. ( i) ( 323), ( A44), p robably f rom M eriden, h eight 1 3.5 c m, r im d iameter 1 0.8 c m, N 3 t ype, c omb d ecoration -chevrons a bove 4 h orizontal l ines o n n eck; t rellis p attern b etween A59), h orizontal l ines w ith d iagonal l ines b elow o n b ody. ( ii) ( 321) ., ( p robably f rom L illington, h eight 1 9.2 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.0 c m, N /MR t ype, i ncised d ecoration a ll o ver -b and o f s hort o blique l ines b elow r im; a lternating b ands o f h orizontal l ines a nd c hevrons o n r emainder. ( d) ( e) ( i) C larke 1 970, 5 00, N o.1013; T homas 1 974, 3 0. ( ii) C larke 1 970,

5 00, N o.1014;

T homas

1 974,

2 9.

2 .SP 2 61 8 43. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) U nlooped ( 753), l ength 1 5.9 c m, s hield p attern. ( d) F ound o n 3 0 O ctober 1 978 b y M rs H .Dymond w ith a m etal d etector a t 3 .cSP

2 4

d epth o f 3 5 c m i n s crubland.

8 2.

( a) B ronze h oard. ( b) W arwickshire C ounty M useum ( A195 a nd A 196). ( c) 2b ronze s words f rom a g roup o f 4 . ( i) ( 874), l ength 5 3 c m, t op m issing, E wart P ark t ype. ( ii) ( 875), l ength 5 7.2 c m, E wart P ark t ype. ( d) G iven t o t he W arwickshire N atural H istory a nd A rchaeological S ociety b y T he E arl o f A ylesford i n J une 1 852.

( e) S hotton 1 938,

1 90-1;

T homas

1 974,

3 0.

M IDDLETON,

n ear Y oulgreave, D erbys,

c SK

1 8 6 3,

5 k m S SW o f B akewell.

1 .Field n ear B uddles, c SK 1 8 6 3. ( a) P olished s tone a xe. ( b) S CM ( J93.40). ( c) ( 1), l ength 1 5.9 c m, D b 8, G roup X X. ( d) F ound i n a f ield n ear B uddle j on 1 3 D ecember 1 858. 8 ( e)

S CMCBC,

1 5;

M oore a nd C ummins,

1 974,

2 .Corn M ill B ridge, c SK 1 9 6 3. ( a) S tone m acehead. ( b) S CM ( J93.21).

7 0.

( c)

( 99),

f ragment,

d epth 6 .5

c m, p ossibly o void, n ear c ylindrical p erforation. ( d) F ound w ith p art o f a n a mber b ead i n m aking t he f oundation f or t he C orn M ill B ridge a cross t he R iver B radford a t M iddleton i n a nd

1 855,

3 ,

G 19;

3 .Garratt P iece,

S CMCBC, S K

1 0.

1 72 6 26.

2 07

1 827.

( e) B ateman

1 848,

7 ,

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) S CM ( J93.18). ( c) ( 135), f ragment, m ax d iameter 9 .5 c m, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound i n O ctober 1 854. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 9, G 309; S CMCBC, 1 0. 4 .cSK

1 8

6 3.

( a) B ronze d agger. ( b) A shmolean M useum, O xford ( 1929-31). ( c) ( 699), l ength 1.0 c m, f lat, r iveted, t riangular b lade, 3 r ivets i n s itu, r ounded i mperfect b utt. ( d) F ound i n M ay 1 787 b y a l abourer i n o pening a l imestone b arrow o n l and o wned b y M r. P .Gell o f H opton. I t l ay o n t he n atural s urface n ear t he c entre o f t he b arrow o n t he r ight h and o f a h uman s keleton. D onated b y M iss E .M .Rooke i n 1 929. ( e) P egge 1 787, 9 4 a nd P late 3 ; F owler 1 955, 11; G erloff 1 975, 4 3, N o.26; M arsden 1 977,

7 6

( Middleton b y W irkesworth 2 ).

M IDDLETON, R USDEN L OW ;

M IDDLETON,

n ear

Y oulgreave,

D erbys

-see

a lso

K ENSLOW ;

L ARKS

L OW ;

a nd S MERRILL M OOR

W arwicks,

c SP

1 89 9 80.

6 k m S W o f T amworth.

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) B irmingham M useum ( A131-72). ( c) L ooped ( 783), l ength 1 7.0 c m, m idribbed p attern, l ow f langed. ( d) P resented b y M r. R .Moulton. ( e)

M ILL P OT C AVE,

S taffs -see W ETTON

M INNINGLOW H ILL,

D erbys,

( a) B ronze k nife-dagger.

S K 2 09 5 73, ( b)

1 k m N NE o f A shbourne.

S CM ( J93.452).

( c)

( 718),

f lat,

r iveted

k nife-dagger w ith r ivet h ole a t t op l eft o f t he b lade, w hich i s c ontorted b y f ire a nd b roken i nto 2 p ieces, t he l ength o f t he t op p art b eing 7 .3 c m a nd o f t he b ottom f ragment 2 .1 c m . ( d) F ound o n 2 7 J uly 1 849 w hen t he s maller b arrow o n t he t op o f M inninglow H ill w as o pened b y T .Bateman. A c remation b urial w ith t he k nife-dagger, f lints a nd p art o f a b one i mplement w ere d iscovered a t t he c entre o n t he n atural s urface. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 5 7; S CMCBC, 7 4; F owler 1 955, 11; G erloff 1 975, 1 65, N o.289; M arsden 1 977, 1 2 ( Ballidon 2 ).

B elow M INNINGLOW H ILL,

D erbys,

1

k m N NE o f A shbourne.

1 .Barrow n ear r ailway, S K 2 079 5 752. ( a) B eaker. ( b) S CM ( J93.861). ( c) ( 322), h eight 2 1.2 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.8 c m, N 2 t ype, c omb d ecoration - b ands o f h orizontal l ines i nterspersed w ith b ands o f s hort v ertical l ines a nd b ands o f h orizontal f inger n ail i mpressions. ( d) F ound w hen t he b arrow w as o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 2 J uly 1 843 i n a n e xtension t o S . I t w as n ear t he s houlder o f a s keleton o f a y oung m an t ogether w ith a b ronze a wl a nd a f lint s pear o r a rrowhead, a q uantity o f c alcined b ones b eing i n c lose p roximity. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 4 1; a nd 1 855, 8 1, N 13; S CMCBC, 1 43; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.68; F owler 1 955, 1 06; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.140;

M arsden

1 977,

1 2

( Ballidon 3 ).

2 .Barrow n ear r ailway, S K 2 079 5 752. ( a) W hetstone. ( b) S CM ( J93.130). ( c) c m,

g ritstone.

( 158),

i mperforate,

l ength 1 5.2

( d) F ound w hen t he b arrow w as r eopened b y T .Bateman o n

2 08

1 0 November 1 851, b ut n ot m uch u nder 2 6, G 271; a nd 1 861, 8 3; S CMCBC, 3 5. 3 .SK 2 11

t he s urface.

( e)

B ateman

1 855,

5 67.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) D erby M useum ( 640-1972). ( c) ( 151), m ax d iameter 6 .0 c m, d iscoidal, p ossibly a s pindle w horl, h our-glass p erforation, D b 1 3, d olerite. ( d) F ound b elow M inninglow H ill a nd N E o f D aisy B ank. ( e) Moore a nd C ummins 1 974, 6 9.

M OAT L OW, N ewton G range, D erbys,

S K

1 55 5 40,

8 k m N NW o f A shbourne.

( a) B ronze f lat a xe . ( b) S CM ( J93.477). ( c) ( 688), l ength 1 2.8 c m, s light h ammered s ide f langes, n o v estige o f a n i ncipient s top r idge, u pper p art o f t he b lade d ecorated w ith h ammered ' rain e ffect'. ( d) F ound o n 2 J une 1 845 w hen M oat L ow b arrow ( described a s " Moot L ow") w as o pened b y T .Bateman. I n t he c entre t here w as a l arge c ist c ut i n t he r ock, a nd a t t he W e nd w as t he s keleton o f am an w ith l egs c ontracted a nd n ear h is h ead l ay t he f lat a xe, t he l ower j aw o f a s mall p ig a lso b eing f ound c lose t o t he s keleton. A bout 4 .5 m etres a way a t t he o ther e nd o f t he c ist w as t he s keleton o f a f emale o r y oung p erson a nd a f ew b urnt b ones H ardy 1 938, G range 1 ).

i n a h eap. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 6 8; S CMCBC, 8 2; M egaw a nd 2 99, N o.25; F owler 1 955, 1 13; M arsden 1 977, 7 8 ( Newton

M ONYASH M OOR, D erbys,

c SK

1 5 6 6,

7 k m W SW o f B akewell.

1 .(a) Hammer s tone. ( b) B ritish M useum . ( c) ( 155), l ength 1 5.5 c m, c entre s ection w ider a nd s quarer t han t he e nds. ( d) F ound i n A ugust 1 867.

F rom t he J .F.Lucas C ollection.

( e)

2 .(a) Food v essel. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 1873.6-2-19). ( c) ( 601), h eight 1 0.5 c m, r im d iameter 1.2 c m, t ripartite v ase, h ollow b ase, t wisted c ord d ecoration - 7 h orizontal l ines o n n eck w ith s uperimposed c hevrons; 2 h orizontal l ines b ordering c entre p ortion; f illed a nd u nfilled t riangles o n l ower p art. ( d) P urchased i n J une 1 873 f rom t he e xecutrix o f J .F.Lucas. 1 957,

2 1,

N o.A27;

( e) A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.178; M anby

M arsden

1 977,

7 7

( Monyash 3 ).

M OOT L OW, G range M ill, D erbys, S K 2 39 5 62, 6 V m NW o f W irksworth. ( a) C ollared u rn a nd b ronze k nife-dagger. ( b) S CM ( J93.778 a nd J 93.457). ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 413), h eight c 38 c m, r im d iameter c 29 c m, h eavily a nd b adly r estored, i ncised d ecoration -filled t riangles b etween 2 a nd 3 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; 3 b ands o f v ertical l ines o n n eck; r ow o f p unctures o n s houlder. ( ii) K nifed agger ( 724), l ength 7 .4 c m, f lat, t anged w ith p ossible r ivet h ole a t c entre t op o f t he b lade a nd p ossible r ivet n otch o n o ne s ide o f t ang. ( d) F ound w hen t he b arrow w as o pened b y T .Bateman o n 6 M ay 1 844. T he k nife-dagger w as i nside t he u rn w ith a c remation, t his b eing a s econdary b urial n ear t he s urface a nd c 3.7 m etres f rom t he c entre. ( e) ( i) a nd ( ii) B ateman 1 848, 5 1; M arsden 1 977, 2 5 ( Brassington 7 ). ( i) B ateman 1 855, 8 4, N 28; S CMCBC, 1 02; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.94; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.176. ( ii) B ateman 1 855, 4 , G 25; S CMCBC, 7 6; G erloff 1 975, 1 72, N o. 3 33.

M ORLEY,

D erbys,

S K 3 84 4 16,

6 k m N NE o f D erby.

2 09

( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) D erby M useum ( 587-63). ( c) S ocketed, l eafs haped, p egged ( 886), l ength 1 3.7 c m, t op m issing. ( d) F ound a bout O ctober 1 962 i n a c learing b etween 2 s mall w oods n ear t he r oad. ( e) E MAB 5 ( 1962), 4 .

M ORRIGE,

S taffs,

c SK 0 2 5 4,

( a) B ronze p alstave. b arrow, t he b iggest 1 964, 3 1 ( Onecote).

M OUNT S T B ERNARD, ( a) C ollared u rn.

( b) o f

4 k m S E o f L eek.

L ost.

( c)

( Not

3 , a t M orrige.

i llustrated). ( e)

P lot

( d)

1 686,

F ound i n a

4 03;

G unstone

L eics, c SK 4 5 1 6, 0 k m W SW o f L oughborough. ( h) J WM , L eicester ( 5-1939). ( c) ( 455), h eight 2 7.5

c m, r im d iameter 2 4.0 c m, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar: 4 b ands o f s hort v ertical l ines o n n eck. ( d) F ound a t M ount S t B ernard, p robably n ear S t. B ernard's A bbey, W hitwick. 1 930 b y t he A bbot. ( e) P owell 1 950 ( 1), 7 0 a nd 7 8.

M OUNTSORREL, 1 .cSK 5 8 1 4.

L eics,

c SK 5 8

1 4,

D onated

i n

6 k m S E o f L oughborough.

T a) C ollared u rn. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 2-1898). ( c) ( 416), h eight 4 3.5 c m, r im d iameter 2 9.4 c m, w hipped c ord ( maggot) d ecoration -herringbone p attern o n c ollar, n eck a nd s houlder; a nd i nside t o a d epth o f 9 .3 c m . ( d) F ound i n M arch 1 894 a nd d onated b y t he E arl o f L anesborough i n 1 898. ( e) P owell 1 950(1), 7 0 a nd 7 7; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98,

N o.169.

2 .SK 5 77 Ta)

1 49.

P ygmy

c up.

( b)

J WM,

L eicester

( 102-1859).

( c)

( 621),

h eight

6 .6

c m, r im d iameter 1 0.5 c m, b iconical, 2 h oles, d ecoration -t wisted c ord l ozenges w ith 3 h orizontal l ines o n u pper p ortion; r ow o f p unctures o n s houlder; 2 b ands o f t wisted c ord c hevrons w ith h orizontal l ines o n l ower p ortion a nd a r ow o f p unctures i mmediately a bove t he b ase; 2 r ows o f p unctures a nd 3 t wisted c ord h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound c 1.5 m etres d eep o n t he s ummit o f M ountsorrel H ill i n A pril 1 859 a nd s aid t o h ave c ontained f ragments o f b one a nd c oins o f H adrian J ulia e tc. D onated b y M r. J .Martin p er L ord L anesborough i n 1 859.

( e)

3 .SK 5 77

B rowne

1 888,

2 3;

P owell

1 950(1),

7 6 a nd 8 0.

1 49.

( a) P ygmy c up. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 389-1978). ( c) ( 628), h eight 6 .4 c m, r im d iameter 6 .3 c m, m iniature Y orkshire v ase, 4 p erforated l ugs u nevenly s paced, p lain. ( d) F ound a t t op o f M ountsorrel r ock i n J uly 1 887. O riginally i n t he E arl o f L anesborough's " Collection" a nd d onated v ia M r.

T .Stanbridge i n

1 978.

( e)

4 .SK 5 78 1 42. T a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 568-1978). ( c) S ocketed, s ide l ooped, p robably l eaf-shaped ( 820), l ength 1 4.8 c m . ( d) F ound i n a g arden a t M ountsorrel a nd d onated b y M r.

M OUSE L OW ,

D eepdale,

S taffs,

c SK 0 8 5 3,

R .Whitehouse.

( e)

1 2 k m NW o f A shbourne.

( a) B eaker, f lint a nd b one. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B eaker ' ?32), ( SCM :J 93.862), h eight 2 0.8 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.0 c m, S 2 t ype, c omb d ecoration

2 10

-h orizontal a nd o blique l ines b elow r im; p anels o f l ozenges a nd r eserved a reas o n n eck; b ands o f h erringbone p attern b ordered b y h orizontal l ines o n s houlder a nd l ower p ortion. ( ii)Flint p iano-convex k nife ( 199), ( SCM :-J93.418), l ength 5 .4 c m; 4 f lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowheads ( 235,236,237 a nd 2 38), ( SCM :- J93.418), l ength 3 .0, 3 .6, 3 .0 a nd 2 .4 c m. ( iii) 2 b one i mplements ( 981) a nd ( 982), ( SCM :J 93.417), l ength 1 5.0 a nd 1 4.7 c m. ( d) F ound w ith a p rimary, i nhumation b urial i n a c ist w hen t he b arrow w as o pened b y S .Carrington o n 2 1 J une 1 848. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 1, N 87; 3 5, 1 169; a nd 1 5, G 136; a nd 1 861, 1 156 ; S CMCBC, 5 3 a nd 1 44; E vans 1 897, 3 99 a nd 4 32; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.60; F owler 1 955, 1 05; G unstone 1 965, 3 9 ( Gr indon 9 ); C larke 1 970, 4 95, N o.825.

M USDEN L OW B ARROW 4 ,

S taffs,

S K

161

5 014,

7 k m N W o f A shbourne.

( a) F ood v essel a nd b ronze d agger. ( b) S CM ( J93.1298 a nd J 93.442). ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 562), h eight 1.8 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.0/13.5 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, d ecoration -w hipped c ord o n o utside; 4 b ands o f o blique i mpressions a nd 1 b and o f v ertical i mpressions o n t he u pper g roove, 1 b and o f o blique i mpressions o n t he l ower g roove, p anels w ith v ertical o r h orizontal f illing o n t he b ody; b and o f i ncised s tabs a nd d iagonal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) B ronze d agger ( 710), l ength 1 2.7 c m, f lat, r iveted b lade, 3 r ivets i n s itu, t apering m idrib, o mega m ark. ( d) B arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 1 6 J une 1 849. T he f ood v essel w as f ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial a nd 2 f lints ( burial 8 ), a nd t he d agger w as p robably f rom a nother i nhumation b urial. ( e) ( i) a nd ( ii) B ateman 1 861, 1 48-9; F owler 1 955, 1 09 a nd 11; G unstone 1 965, 5 3 ( Waterhouses 2 1). ( i) B ateman 1 855, 9 3, N 111; M anby 1 957, 2 7, B 5. ( ii) B ateman G erloff 1 975, 4 6 a nd 6 6, N o.93.

N ARROWDALE

H ILL,

A lstonefield,

A shbourne. ( a) E nlarged f ood v essel,

S taffs,

f ood v essel,

1 855,

1 8,

S K

1 233

G 164;

5 726,

b one a nd a ntler.

S CMCBC,

1 2 ( b)

k m

6 8-9;

N W

S CM.

o f ( c)

( i) E nlarged f ood v essel ( 518), ( SCM :- J93.762), h eight 2 7.6 c m, r im d iameter 2 4.0 c m, h eavily a nd b adly r estored, p lain. ( ii) F ood v essel ( 563), ( SCM :-J 93.781), h eight 1 4.2 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.4 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, c omb d ecoration -h erringbone p attern a ll o ver

w ith

c hevrons

i mmediately

a bove

b ase;

o blique

l ines

o n

b evel

i nside r im; 2 r ows o f s tab i mpressions o n r im. ( iii) B one p ommel ( 998), ( SCM :- J 93.546), ( iv) A ntler p oint ( 1006), l ength 4 .1 c m. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 9 S eptember 1 846. T he e nlarged f ood v essel w as f ound i nverted o ver a s econdary, c remation b urial a nd w ith a f lint s pearhead a bove t he c entral c ist; t he f ood v essel w as d iscovered w ith a p rimary c remation b urial i n t he c entral c ist; a nd t he b one p ommel a nd a ntler p oint w ere f ound w ith f lint, d isintegrated p ottery v essel a nd a c remation b urial i n a s maller c ist. ( e) ( i) (iv). B ateman 1 848, 955, 9 7-8 , Fowler 1

1 09 a nd 1 13; G unstone 1 965, 3 1 ( Alstonefield 1 0). ( i) B ateman 1 855, 8 9, N 68; S CMCBC, 9 4-5; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.477. ( ii) B ateman 1 855, 8 9, N 67; S CMCBC, 1 03; A bercromby 1 912, f ood v essel N o.194; M anby 1 957, 2 6, N o.B1. ( iii) B ateman 1 855, 1 2, G 87; S CMCBC, 1 81.

N EEDWOOD F OREST,

S taffs,

c SK

1 28 2 83,

6 k m S E o f U ttoxeter.

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 73.6-2.13). ( c) T ooped ( 780), l ength 1 4.4 c m, m idribbed p attern, l ow f langed, l oop b roken o ff . ( d)

2 11

F ound n ear S wilcar O ak, N eedwood F orest i n J uly 1 864. P art o f t he J .F.Lucas C ollection. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 2 9 ( Marchington); R owlands 1 976, 3 34, N o.909.

N ELSON H ALL,

n ear E ccleshall,

S taffs,

c SJ 8 3 3 1,

7 k m SW o f S tone.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( 136), h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound i n a h edge s ome y ears b efore 1 979 i n o r n ear N elson H all. S toke-on-Trent M useum h olds p hotographs a nd d rawings. ( e)

N ET L OWE H ILL, o f A shbourne.

N ew I nns,

A lsop M oor,

D erbys,

S K

1 525

5 611,

9 k m N NW

( a) B ronze d agger a nd 2 s hale o rnaments. ( b) S CM ( J93.471). ( c) ( i) B ronze d agger ( 706), f lat, r iveted b lade, 4 r ivets i n s itu, l ength o f b lade, w hich i s b roken i nto 4 p ieces, 1 6.4 c m. A lso 2 6 r ivets w hich h ad o rnamented t he h aft a nd 2 p ins. ( ii) 2 s hale o rnaments o r b uttons ( 9) 43) a nd ( 944), d iameter 5 .9 a nd 6 .4 c m r espectively,

' V' p erforated,

f lat e xcept f or a s mall c one n ear t he c entre i n e ach c ase, ( 943) o nly h aving a r aised r im . ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 4 J une 1 845, t hese i tems b eing f ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial a t t he c entre. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 6 8-9; a nd 1 855, 7 a nd 8 , G 56 a nd G 57; S CMCBC, 7 9-80; E vans 1 897, 4 55; F owler 1 955, 1 12; G erloff 1 975, 5 3, N o.59; M arsden 1 977, 3 1 ( Eaton a nd A lsop 2 ).

N ETHERLOW,

C helmorton,

D erbys,

S K

1 09 6 92,

6 .5 k m S E o f B uxton.

( a) F lint d agger, b oar's t usk a nd s hale b ead. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) F lint d agger ( 180), ( SCM :- J93.154), l ength 1.7 c m, l eaf-shaped, w hite f lint. ( ii) B oar's t usk ( 1004), ( SCM :- J93.567). ( iii) S hale b ead ( 931), ( SCM :-J 93.565), g lobular, l ength 2 .0 c m. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 5 J uly 1 849. T he d agger w as f ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial o f am an, a nd t he t usk a nd b ead w ere d iscovered w ith a n a djoining f emale i nhumation b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 8, G 165, a nd 3 7, 1 211; a nd

1 861,

5 1-2;

S CMCBC,

3 9 a nd

1 85;

M arsden

1 977,

2 8

( Chelmorton 3 ).

N EW I NNS B ARROW , A lsop M oor, D erbys, S K 1 58 5 48, 8 k m N NW o f A shbourne. ( a) B ronze d agger.

( b) S CM ( J93.441).

( c)

( 701), l ength 1 2.8 c m,

f lat,

r iveted b lade, 3 r ivets i n s itu, o mega m ark. ( d) F ound o n 2 0 M ay 1 845 o n t he o pening o f t he b arrow b y T .Bateman, a ssociated w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n t he c entre. I t w as c lose t o t he b ack o f t he h ead a nd f rom t he a ppearance o f t he s urrounding e arth i t s eemed t o h ave b een b uried i n a w ooden s heath. 2 s mall r ivets, u nconnected w ith t he p resumably f rom a nother a rtifact w hich h ad p erished, w ere t he k nees. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 6 6-7; a nd 1 855, 7 , G 53; S CMCBC, 1 955, 1 12; G erloff 1 975, 4 4, N o.32; M arsden 1 977, 7 9 ( Newton

d agger b ut f ound n ear 6 8; F owler G range 7 ).

N EW I NNS, D erbys -see N ET L OWE H ILL

N EWBOLD V ERDON,

L eics,

S K 4 44 0 21,

1 4 k m W o f L eicester

( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 737-1977). ( c) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, s ide l ooped ( 821), l ength 1 6.4 c m . ( d) F ound i n 1 977 n ear B rascote H ouse a nd d onated b y M r.

R .Wrightman.

2 12

( e)

E MAB

1 2(1978),

8 .

N EWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME,

S taffs,

( a) S tone b attle a xe. 1 3.4 c m.

c SJ 8 46

4 62.

( b) N ewcastle-under-Lyme M useum.

( a)

i n B ridge S treet. O n i ndef inite l oan f rom M r. C .Smith. 1 962, 2 9, N o.14; G unstone 1 964, 3 0; R oe 1 966, N o.179.

N EWHAVEN, 1 .(a)

D erbys,

S tone

c SK

1 6

macehead.

5 9,

( b)

d iameter 5 .5 c m,

o void,

( Bateman N o.G391).

1 5.6

i n

1 859

( e)

G unstone

1 0 k m S W o f B akewell.

B ritish

N ewhaven 2 .(a)

( 5), l ength

( d) F ound c 1942 d uring l owering o f t he c ellar f loor o f a s hop

M useum.

( c)

F ragment

s emi-cylindrical p erforation.

( 90),

( d)

m ax

F ound n ear

( e)

Bronze p alstave. ( b) S CM ( 393.508). ( c) L ooped ( 778) l ength c m, m idribbed p attern, o ne f ace h aving a t rident p attern i n 9

a ddition,

l ow

f langed.

( d)

F ound

P .Heacock C ollection t o T .Bateman 3 .(a) B ronze s pearhead.

( b)

n ear

N ewhaven.

P assed

( Bateman N o.M134).

S CM ( J93.470).

( e)

f rom

t he

S CMCBC,

8 6.

( c) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped,

s ide l ooped ( 822), l ength 1 5.8 c m. ( d) F ound a t S tanedge F arm w hen b reaking u p u ncultivated l and i n J anuary 1 853. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 7, 0 281;

S CMCBC,

7 9.

N EWTON G RANGE,

D erbys - s ee M OAT L OW

N EWTON L INFORD,

N ORBURY,

L eics - s ee B ENSCLIFFE W OOD

S taffs,

c SJ 7 8

1 .(a) B ronze p alstave. length

2 3,

1 4 k m W o f S tafford.

( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum.

1 4.6 c m, m idribbed p attern.

( c) U nlooped

( 762),

( d) P ossibly a s tray f rom t he l ost

h oard r eferred t o i n 2 . b elow. P urchased o n 2 2 J anuary 1 974 b y S tafford M useum ( 6-1974) i n 1 979. ( e) 2 .(a)

f rom M r. M .Churns a nd p assed t o S toke-on-Trent M useum

B ronze h oard.

( b)

L ost.

( c)

( Not

i llustrated),

h oard o f b ronze

i mplements, w hich f rom d escription o f S haw ( 1801) a ppear t o h ave b een l ooped

a nd

u nlooped

p alstaves

a nd

f ragments

o f

r apiers

o r

s words.

P ossibly t he " sword b lades, e tc." f ound a t O ulton " about t hree o r f our y ears s ince", ( Gentleman's M agazine, 1 801, P art 1 , 1 27). ( d) F ound m S E o f B atchacre P ark. c 1800 i n a " gravel h ill" a t a d epth o f 6 0 c m 3k ( e) S haw 1 801, 1 964, 3 1.

N ORMACOT,

A dditions a nd C orrections t o V ol 1 o f 1 798, 2 ; G unstone

S taffs - s ee S TOKE-ON-TRENT

N ORTH K ILWORTH, ( a)

B eaker.

r emaining

L eics,

( b)

p ortion

J WM, 1 5.7

d ecoration -u pper a nd

c SP

6 21

8 41,

L eicester c m,

2 0 k m S o f L eicester.

( 215-1953).

r im

d iameter

( c)

1 2.5

( 333), c m,

S 2

h eight t ype,

o f

c omb

l ower p arts e ach c overed w ith a b road b and o f

v ertical h erringbone p attern b etween b ands o f h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow;

a nd c entre p ortion h as a b and o f s hort v ertical l ines w ith

h orizontal

l ines a bove a nd b elow.

( d)

F ound i n A ugust

1 865,

p ossibly

w ith a nother b eaker n ow l ost. P urchased b y t he B ritish M useum f rom M r.

2 13

G .F.Lawrence c 1938 a nd p resented t o J WM, L eicester i n 1 953. 1 970,

( e) C larke

4 86, N o.426.

N ORTHWOOD F ARM , n ear T rentham, S taffs, S J 8 595 4 171, 6 k m S SW o f S tokeo n-Trent c entre. ( a) F ood v essels. ( b) L ost.

( c) ( i) ( 590), g lobular, 5 h orizontal l ines

o f t wisted c ord o n n eck. ( ii) ( 592) b ucket-shaped, 7 h orizontal b ands o f v ertical f inger n ail i mpressions. ( d) B arrow e xcavated i n 1 859, t hese i tems p robably b eing f rom s econdary b urials. ( e) J ewitt 1 6, f ig 5 6, a nd 1 5, f ig 5 1; G unstone 1 965, 4 9 ( Swynnerton 9 ).

N ORTON-LE-MOORS, S taffs, S J 8 98 5 24,

1 883,

5 k m N o f S toke-on-Trent c entre.

( a) S tone s hafthole a dze. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 66-34). ( c) ( 103), l ength 1 3.5 c m , n arrow b utt, g roove o n o ne f ace a t t he b utt, h ourg lass p erforation, S t 36 /a h ( ex N .St 7 /ah), G roup X V. ( d) F ound i n t he g arden o f 5 7 L eek R oad. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 3 1; R oe 1 979, 4 6 ( misdescribed a s C heddleton).

N OSELEY,

L eics,

c SP 7 3 9 8,

1 6 k m E SE o f L eicester.

( a) B eaker a nd f lint k nife. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 50-1940 a nd 3 51.1959). ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 334), h eight o f r emaining p ortion 1 8.1 c m, r im d iameter 1 4.2 c m , S 2 t ype,

c omb d ecoration -b ands o f v ertical l ines a nd s mall

c hevrons s eparated b y h orizontal l ines b elow r im ; l arge r eserved c hevrons o n n eck; m ultiple d iamond p attern f ringed b y h orizontal l ines o n l ower p ortion . ( ii) F lint k nife ( 179), l ength 1 5.2 c m, l eaf-shaped, p ale g rey f lint. ( d) B eaker a nd k nife p robably f ound t ogether. D rawings o f a f lint " celt" a nd f ragments o f a b eaker w ere e xhibited b y R ev J .H.Hill t o t he L eicestershire A rchaeological S ociety o n 3 0 N ovember 1 863. B eaker d onated t o t he M useum b y L ady H azlerigg o f N oseley H all a nd t he f lint k nife b y L ord H azlerigg. ( e) T LAS 2 (1870), 2 75; B rowne 1 888,

O ADBY,

2 3;

C larke 1 970,

L eics,

4 86, N o.428,

S K 6 253 0 040,

6 k m S E o f L eicester.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 953-1951). ( c) ( 137), l ength 1 0.0 c m, h our-glass p erforation, L e 3 4, q uartzite. ( d) F ound i n t he V icarage g arden a nd d onated b y M r. S .Hughes. ( e) M oore a nd C ummins 1 974,

7 3.

O CKBROOK/SOUTH D ERBYSHIRE,

c SK 4 2 3 5,

7 k m E o f D erby.

( a) S tone m acehead. ( b) S CM ( J93.17). ( c) ( 94), l ength 1 3.0 c m , c entral h ole, h our-glass p erforation, D b 1 29, s andstone. ( d) F ound i n S outh D erbyshire a nd p resented t o T .Bateman b y M r. J .J.Briggs o n 1 7 F ebruary 1 851 ( Bateman N o.G362). ( e) S CMCBC, 9 ; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1.

O DSTONE H ALL, M arket B osworth, L eics, S K 3 91 0 76,

1 8 k m W o f L eicester.

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 62-1949). ( c) ( 15), l ength 1.3 c m, e xpanded b lade, d ished, h our-glass p erforation, L e 1 9, c oarse t uff. ( d) F ound i n t he g arden o f O dstone H all, 5 k m No f M arket B osworth, a nd d onated b y M rs. J .L.Corrie.

( e) R oe 1 966, N o.100; M oore a nd C ummins

1 974, 7 3 .

2 14

O KER H ILL, D arley D ale, D erbys, ( a)

B ronze

f lat

a xe.

( b)

p ortion, l ength 1 0.1 c m . 8 2.

S CM

S K 2 71

6 13,

( J93.475).

( d) c 1840.

3 k m N W o f M atlock.

( c)

( 689),

f ragment,

l ower

( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 5, M 13; S CMCBC,

O LDBURY B ARROW , W arwicks, S P 3 17 9 44, 3 k m S SE o f A therstone. ( a) C ollared u rn, f ood v essel, p ottery f ragment a nd b ronze k nifed agger. ( b) C ollared u rn -L ost. O ther i tems i n W arwickshire C ounty M useum, W arwick ( Bloxham C ollection). ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 458), d ecoration -p anels f illed w ith v ertical a nd h orizontal l ines o n t he c ollar; p ossibly b and o f h erringbone p attern o n t he s houlder. ( ii) L ower p art o f f ood v essl ( 604), ( Museum :-A1498; B loxham :-56), h eight o f p art 1.2 c m, b ase d iameter 8 .3 c m, d ecoration -c omb c hevrons a bove t he s houlder; b and o f o blique i ncisions P ottery f ragment ( 646), ( Museum :- A1497; p lain, ( 722), b lade, a nd

b elow t he s houlder. ( iii) B loxham :- 5 5), r im s herd,

i ndeterminate, p ossibly c ordoned u rn. ( iv) B ronze k nife-dagger ( Museum:- A1496; B loxham :- 54), l ength 8 .6 c m, f lat, t anged 1r ivet i n s itu. ( d) O ldbury B arrow o pened i n 1 835 b y M r. H awkes

M r.

M .H.Bloxham .

C ollared

u rn

f ound

w ith

a p rimary,

c remation

b urial i n a c ist a t c entre o f t he b arrow ; f ood v essel d iscovered c lose t o t he c ollared u rn; 2 u rns a nd 2 s maller v essels, t he f ragment ( 646) b eing p art o f o ne o f t he l atter, w ere f ound w ith s econdary b ürial(s) i n a nother c ist, t he k nife-dagger b eing n earby. T he B loxham C ollection i tems a re o n l oan t o t he M useum f rom R ugby S chool. ( e) B loxham 1 835, 2-4; 2

T homas

O NE A SH,

1 974,

3 1;

G erloff 1 975, N o.332.

L athkill D ale,

D erbys,

c SK 1 6 6 5,

6 k m S W o f B akewell.

( a) B eaker. ( b) S CM ( X1975.29). ( c) ( 384), f ragments, i ndeterminate t ype, r im d iameter c 15 c m, c omb d ecoration -o n r im s herd b ands o f v ertical l ines a nd h erringbone p attern s eparated b y h orizontal l ines. ( d) F ound i n a b arrow a t O ne A sh, n ear A rbor L ow, i n J uly 1 818 a nd M ay 1 824 b y M r. S amuel M itchell a nd u ltimately g iven t o t he M useum b y t he S heffield L iterary a nd P hilosophical S ociety. T he b arrow w as r eopened b y T .Bateman o n 3 1 J uly 1 844. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 5 4; F owler 1 955, 1 06; C larke

1 970,

4 78, N o.138.

O VER W HITACRE, W arwicks, S P 2 55 9 11, 1 3 k m S SE o f T amworth. ( a) B ronze h aft-flanged a xe a nd b ronze s ocketed a xe. ( b) H erbert A rt G allery a nd M useum, C oventry. ( c) ( i) H aft-flanged a xe ( 796), ( Museum :6 5/91/203), l ength 1 5.0 c m, p lain, n o s top r idge. ( ii) S ocketed a xe ( 847), ( Museum :- 65/91/202), l ength 1 0.0 c m, 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. ( d) F ound i n t he c hurchyard. F ormerly i n t he W .G.Fretton C ollection a nd a cquired b y t he M useum i n 1 965. ( e) G unstone 1 967, 9 23 ; T homas 1 974, 3 2; R owlands 1 976, 2 89, N o.300.

P ARSLEY H AY

( PARCELLY H AY),

o f B akewell. ( a) S tone b attle

a xe,

H artington,

b ronze

d agger

a nd

D erbys, b eaker.

S K

1 44

( b)

6 41,

B attle

8 k m S W a xe

a nd

d agger -S CM ( J93.12 a nd J 93.443). B eaker -L ost. ( c) ( i) B attle a xe ( 16), l ength 1 0.7 c m, f lared b lade, c ylindrical p erforation, D b 1 26, G roup X II. r ivets i n

( ii) D agger ( 700), l ength 1 2.1 c m, f lat r iveted b lade, 3 s itu, o mega m ark. ( iii) B eaker ( not i llustrated),

i ndeterminate t ype.

( d)

B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 6 M arch

2 15

1 848.

T he

b attle

a xe

a nd

d agger

w ere

f ound

w ith

a s econdary,

i nhumation

b urial a bove t he c entral r ock-cut c ist, a nd t he l ost b eaker w as d iscovered w ith t he p rimary, i nhumation b urial i n t he c ist t ogether w ith s ome f lints. ( e) ( i) (iii) B ateman 1 861, 2 2-4; F owler 1 955, 1 06 a nd 1 12; M arsden 1 977, 4 4 ( Hartington M iddle Q uarter 9 ). ( i) B ateman 1 855, 1 4, G 111; S CMCBC, 7 -8; E vans 1 897, 2 14; R oe 1 966, N o.48; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1; R oe 1 979, 4 1. ( ii) B ateman 1 855, 1 4, G 112; S CMCBC, 6 9;

G erloff

1 975,

P ARWICH M OOR,

4 3,

D erbys,

( a) B ronze f lat l ength 1 7.5 c m,

N o.30.

( iii)

c SK 1 8 5 4,

C larke 1 970,

4 78, N o. 1 33F.

9 k m N o f A shbourne.

a xe. ( b) B ritish M useum ( 1964-12-6.12). ( c) ( 690), n o i ndications o f f langes o r s top r idge, h ammered

l ozenge a nd t riangle p attern o n b oth e dges a nd h orizontal c hips o n o ne e dge.

( d)

P art o f c ollection b equeathed t o t he M useum i n

C .T.Trechman.

P ARWICH M OOR -see a lso C ROSS L OW ;

P ATTINGHAM,

1 964 b y D r.

( e)

S taffs,

c S0

8 21

92, 9

a nd S HUTTLESTONE B ARROW

9 k m W o f W olverhampton.

( a)

G old

a rmlet. ( b) D estroyed. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), s aid t o b e s imilar t o t he o ne f rom S tanton, S taffs ( 842), l ength 1 .2 m etres, e xtrem ities h ooked. ( d) F ound i n 1 700 n ear t he c hurch i n a f ield c alled F antley H ill b y a l abourer,

w ho s old i t a s b rass f or a p itance t o M r.

O rm,

a

b rassier o f W olverhampton, M r. O rm i n t urn s elling i t t o a L ondon g oldsmith, w ho m elted i t d own. T he l abourer w as g aoled a nd M r. O rm w as s aved b y m aking a b rass r eplica. ( e) L eigh 1 700, P art 3 , 6 4; S haw 1 798(2) 3 3-4; P itt 1 817, 1 88; A rchaeological J ournal 1(1854), 5 5; G unstone

1 964,

P ENKHULL,

3 1.

S taffs -see S TOKE-ON-TRENT

P ENKRIDGE,

B ull B ridge,

S taffs,

S J 9 23

1 45,

9 k m S o f S tafford.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( K115.1979). ( c) ( 139), i rregular s hape, m ax d iameter 1 2.3 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 3 0/ah ( ex S .St 3 0/ah), c oarse c rystal t uff. ( d) F ound w hile r econstructing B ull B ridge i n 1 963. D onated t o S hugborough M useum ( 114-67) i n 1 976 b y M r. J .Sparrow, a nd p assed t o S toke-on-Trent M useum i n 1 979. ( e) G unstone

1 971,

P ERRY C OMMON,

4 6.

S hort

H eath,

B irmingham,

W est M idlands,

S P

0 94

9 30,

7

k m N NE o f B irmingham c entre. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) B irmingham M useum ( 481.65). ( c) ( 140), m ax d iameter 1 0.5 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 2 9/ah ( ex S .St 2 9/ah), B unter q uartzite, b ut n ot s ectioned. ( d) D ug u p i n a g arden, a nd p urchased b y t he M useum i n J une

P ICKWORTH,

P ickworth

S tamford. ( a) B ronze p alstave.

W ood, ( b)

1 965.

R utland,

R owlands,

( e)

L eics,

M .J.,

c SK

1 976,

9 9

2 38,

1 5,

l isted t his i tem

a s b eing i n t he p ossession o f t he F orestry C ommission,

2 16

8 k m N NW o f

b ut

e nquiries

m ade b y

t he

C onservancy

p resent o f t he

n o r ecord o f t his

w riter

o f b oth

C ommission

t he H eadquarters

h ave

e licited

a nd t he E astern

r eply

t hat

t here

i s

i tem a nd n one o f t he s taff i n t he a rea o f t he W ood

h as a ny r ecollection o f t he a lleged

P IKEHALL,

t he

H artington,

( a) S tone b attle a xe.

D erbys,

S K

f ind.

1 82 5 97,

1

k m W o f M atlock.

( b) D erby M useum ( 673-1965).

( c)

( 30),

f ragment,

, n ear G roup X VIII. l ength 8 .0 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation, D b 8 ( d) F ound i n a p loughed f ield i n 1 963. ( e) M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 6 9; R oe

1 979,

4 2.

P OTTERS MARSTON, ( a)

S tone

f ragment,

L eics,

c SP 4 9 9 6,

s hafthole a dze. l ength

7 .2

c m,

i n t he T ownship F ield.

( b)

1 2 k m SW o f L eicester.

J WM,

L eicester

h our-glass

D onated i n

( 954-1951).

p erforation,

1 951

b y M r.

( c)

d iorite.

J .M.Fox.

Q UARNFORD, S taffs, c SK 0 1 6 6, 7 k m S SW o f B uxton. ( a) F lint m acehead. ( b) H unterian M useum, G lasgow.

( 107),

( d)

F ound

( e)

( c)

( 98),

l ength

8 .25 c m, l arger e nd d ecorated w ith 1 7 c arved o ut l ozenges, M aesmore G roup, n ear c ylindrical p erforation. ( d) F ound b efore 1 900 i n t he p arish o f Q uarnford a nd i n t he p ossession o f M r. 1 908.

( e) P SAS 4 3

( 1908-9),

3 83;

G unstone 1 964,

M .Salt o f B uxton i n

3 2; R oe 1 968,

1 49 a nd

f ig 3 8.

R AINS C AVE,

D erbys,

S K 2 26

56, 5

9 k m S W o f M atlock.

( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) ( 283) a nd ( 284) L ost. ( 309) B irchover M useum. ( c) ( i) S ubstantial s herd o f P eterborough w are ( 283), ( ii) R im s herd o f P eterborough w are ( 284). ( iii) 2 p lain s herds o f L ater N eolithic p ottery ( 309). ( d) T he c ave w as e mptied b etween 1 889 a nd 1 891.

( e)

W ard

1 889,

R AMSCROFT F IELD,

R ATBY,

1 892 a nd

1 893.

S taffs -see S TANSHOPE

Martinshaw W ood,

L eics,

c SK 5 10 0 70,

8 km WNW o f L eicester.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 1044-1951). d iscoidal, m ax d iameter 1.3 c m, h our-glass p erforation. t he W ood,

R IBDEN,

a nd d onated b y M r.

( e)

S taffs -see A LTON

R OCESTER,

S taffs,

S K

1

3 9, 6 km N o f U ttoxeter.

93 . 1 .Mill S ite, S K 1 13 3 ( a .) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) L ost. i n

A .J.K.Hurst.

( c) ( 141), ( d) F ound i n

( c)

( 691), n arrow b utt, p lain.

( d) F ound

1 792 d uring m aking o f f oundations f or A rkwright's c otton m ill.

S haw

1 798(2),

3 4

9. 2 .cSK 1 3 B eaker. ( b)

"( a)

2 0.0

c m,

( note)

a nd P late A ,

f ig 5 ;

G unstone

S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 236.P.1939).

r im d iameter

1 3.6

c m,

S 1

t ype,

2 17

c omb

1 964,

( c)

d ecoration

( e)

3 2.

3 27),

h eight

-c hevrons,

p lain a nd r eserved, o f d iagonal l ines r eserved

b ands

i nterrupted

b etween b ands o f h orizontal l ines o n n eck; b ands a nd h erringbone b etween h orizontal l ines w ith

o n

b y

m iddle

r eserved

N ovember

1 939

L .Bates. N o.833.

( e)

R OTHLEY,

L eics,

p ortion;

t riangles

d uring t he m aking F owler

1 955,

S K 5 69

1 06;

1 25,

o f

w ide

b and

a bove

t he

a n ew

r oad

G unstone

o f

h orizontal

b ase.

1 964,

( d)

a nd 3 2;

l ines

F ound

p resented C larke

o n

1

b y M r.

1 970,

4 95,

7 k m S E o f L oughborough.

1 .(a) P ottery v essel. ( b) L ost. ( c) P robably e nlarged f ood v essel ( 523), h erringbone d ecoration a bove s houlder. ( d) N ote b y W .T.Tucker o n h is

c opy

o f

" Roman V illa n ear R othley"

r eads:

" In a bout N ew Y ear

1 904, f ound i n s and p it n ear t he a bove s ite. A f ine B ritish ( handmade) u rn w ith p artly c remated a nd b roken u p b ones", t his b eing a ccompanied b y as mall p encil s ketch. T his n ote i s h eld b y J WM, L eicester. ( e) T LAS 9 ( 1904-5), 2 .(a)

U rn

2 39. f ragments.

( b)

J WM,

L eicester.

( c)

( i)

R im

s herd

( 531),

i ndeterminate, t wisted c ord d ecoration, h orizontal, d iagonal a nd n ear v ertical l ines. ( ii) U pper p ortion o f ab arrel u rn ( 666), p lain e xcept f or a b and o f t wisted c ord c hevrons a nd a b and o f v ertical f inger n ail i mpressions i mmediately b elow t he r im. R othley s and p it. R USDEN L OW,

( d) F ound i n N ovember

1 978 i n

( e)

M iddleton,

D erbys,

S K

1 912

6 231,

7 k m S SW o f B akewell.

1 .(a) B eaker.

( b) S CM ( J93.863). ( c) ( 335), h eight 1 9.6 c m, r im d iameter

73.6/12.7 c m,

S 2 t ype,

c omb

d ecoration -b and o f t rellis a nd b and of

c hevrons s eparated a nd b ordered b y h orizontal l ines o n n eck; b and o f o blique f inger n ail i mpressions a nd h orizontal l ines o n l ower p ortion w ith

f illed t riangles

b y T .Bateman o n

1

i mmediately a bove t he b ase.

November

1 848,

w hen t he b eaker,

( d)

b roken f lint i mplement, w as f ound w ith a s econdary, o f a y oung f emale a nd c hild.

( e) B ateman 1 855,

B arrow o pened

w hich c ontained a i nhumation b urial

9 2, N 97;

a nd

1 861,

4 3-

4 ; S CMCBC, 1 44; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.57; F owler 1 955, 1 06; C larke 1 970,

4 78,

N o.145;

M arsden

1 977,

7 4

( Middleton a nd S merrill

1 2).

2 .(a) B eakers a nd f lint. ( b) S CM ( X1972.716). ( c) ( i) B eaker f ragments -3 48), ( 1 o f 8 i llustrated), E t ype, c omb d ecoration -h orizontal ( l ines.

( ii)

r idged.

( iii) B eaker w all s herd ( 358), S 2 t ype, c omb d ecoration -short

B eaker

r im

s herd

( 351),

p ossibly

d iagonal l ines b etween h orizontal l ines. ( 200),

l ength

5 .7

c m,

a nd

P robably f rom t he p rimary,

9 o ther

N /NR

t ype,

p lain

b ut

( iv) F lint p lano-convex k nife

f lint

i mplements

a nd

f lakes.

( d)

i nhumation b urial w hich h ad b een d isturbed

t o m ake w ay f or t he s econdary b urial i n 1 . a bove. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 2, N 98, a nd 3 6, 1 186; a nd 1 861, 4 3-4; C larke 1 970, 4 78, Nos. 1 46, 1 47 a nd

1 48.

R YESTONE

( ROYSTONE)

G RANGE,

n ear M inninglow,

D erbys,

S K 2 0 5 6,

1 0 k m

NE o f A shbourne. N 1 .cSK 2 0 5 6. ( a)

B eaker

f ragment,

f lint

a nd b one.

( b)

S CM

( J93.698

a nd J 93.699).

( c) ( i) B eaker f ragment ( 363), F P t ype, r usticated. ( ii) F lint b lade ( 205), l ength 3 .1 c m. ( iii) F lint a rrowhead ( 254), l ength 1 .9 c m, t riangular. ( iv) P arts o f 2 b one p ins ( 966) a nd ( 967), l ength 7 .6 a nd 3 .9 c m. ( d) B arrow n ear R yestone G range o pened b y T .Bateman o n 1 3

2 18

A ugust 1 849. T he b eaker s herd w as f ound n ear t he c entre o f t he b arrow, a nd

1 o f t he b one p ins m ay h ave b een d iscovered w ith c remated r emains. 1F; 4 78, N o. 114

( e) Bateman 1 855, 9 3, N 116; a nd 1 861, 6 1-2; C larke 1 970, M arsden 1 977, 1 2 ( Ballidon 4 ). 2 .SK 2 036

5 650.

( a)

U rns,

f ood

( i)

C ollared

-b and

v essels

u rn

r im

o f w hipped

a nd

f lint.

s herds

c ord

( b)

( 457),

( maggot)

S CM

r im

( Marsden C ollection).

d iameter

i mpressions

c 28

c m,

( c)

d ecoration

i mmediately

b elow

r im,

i ncised l attice p attern b elow w ith b and o f m aggot i mpressions a t b ottom o f c ollar; o f l ower

2 i ncised

p ortion

d iagonal

2 0.7

c m,

l ines

o n n eck.

r im d iameter

c 26

( ii)

c m,

1.2/12.7 c m, 1

s urviving,

r im d iameter 1 6.0 c m,

n o g rooves,

( 519),

p robably

f ood v essel, d ecoration - i mpressed p unctures h orseshoe i mpressions o n b evel i nside r im. ( iii) h eight

U rn

a n

h eight

e nlarged

o n n eck; b and o f F ood v essel ( 597),

1p erforated l ug o r h andle

t wisted c ord d ecoration -h erringbone p attern

b etween b ands o f h orizontal l ines o n u pper p art; h erringbone p attern o n b evel i nside r im. ( iv) F ood v essel r im s herd ( 607), i mpressed p unctures

o n

o utside

o f

r im ;

t wisted

c ord

t riangles

h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n b evel i nside r im.

b etween

a

( v) 2 f lint p lano-

c onvex k nives ( 201) a nd ( 202), l ength 5 .8 a nd 4 .0 c m. ( vi) F lint s craper ( 221), t o

l ength

1 977.

4 .2

c m.

( d)

B arrow e xcavated b y B .M.Marsden

f rom

1 975

A c ist N E o f t he c entre c ontained a n i nhumation b urial w ith

3 f lints ( 201,202 a nd 2 21), w hich h ad b een d isturbed b y a l ater c remation i n a b ucket-shaped u rn ( 519). S E o f t he c entre w ere 2 o r 3 d isturbed s keletons, o ne w ith t he h andled f ood v essel ( 597). T he r im o f t he c ollared u rn ( 457) w as a lso f ound. ( e) M arsden 1 977, 1 4 ( Ballidon 1 2).

S ALTBY,

L eics -see S PROXTON

S CRAPTOFT, ( a)

S tone

L eics,

c SK 6 27

0 56, 6 km ENE of L eicester.

s hafthole a dze.

( b)

J WM,

L eicester

( 216-1956).

( c)

( 101),

l ength 1 0.7 c m, s ymmetrical, h our-glass p erforation, L e 4 2, e pidiorite. ( d) F ound i n C hurch R oad n early o pposite t he H all a t a d epth o f 6 0 c m. 3 . P resented i n 1 956 b y Mrs. S .Weston. ( e) M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7

S HACKLOW, A shford i n t he W ater, D erbys, 1 .(a)

Fragment

o f s tone a xe h ammer.

h our-glass p erforation, D b 15, 1 C ollection. ( e) Moore a nd C ummins 2 .(a)

F ragment

p ossibly t uff.

o f

c ushion

( d)

3 .(a) R im s herd.

( b) S CM.

e 16

p lain,

c m,

r im. 4 .(a)

( d)

1 3.4

h orizontal

n ail

( c)

( b)

S CM

r ibs

i mpressions,

o r

a nd

( d)

( c)

p erforation,

( 311),

d iagonal

( 80), D b

l ength 6 .1

M ajor

c ord

o n

c m,

c oarse b asic

1 974,

l ines

c m,

T .A.Harris

l ength 9 .8

14, 1

p ossibly N eolithic,

w hipped

7 1. r im d iameter i nside

b elow

( e)

( J1956.37).

c m, F P g roup,

S CM.

4k m W o f B akewell. ( 78),

( e) Moore a nd C ummins

H arris C ollection.

Beaker.

d iameter o f

o utside

( b)

h our-glass

H arris C ollection.

( c)

s andstone. 1 974, 7 1.

s tone m acehead. t ype,

S K 1 7 6 9,

( b) S CM .

( c)

( 344),

t op o f r im m issing,

c orrugations a round

e nriched

h eight

w ith

t he m iddle a c ordon

2 19

1 8.1

c m,

d ecoration -a p inched

r im

s eries

u p

f inger

o f v ertical

p aired

f inger a nd t humb n ail i mpressions.

( d) F ound i n a b arrow b y T .A.Harris

i n S hacklow W ood 1 50 m etres S E o f e ntrance t o D imin D ale. 1 970, 4 77, N o.116; M arsden 1 977, 8 6 ( Sheldon 2 ).

( e)

C larke

5 .(a) B eaker f ragments. ( b) S CM. ( c) ( i) ( 386) i ndeterminate, i ncised d ecoration -2 h orizontal l ines a nd 1 s imilar l ine w ith l attice p attern b etween.

( ii)

i ncised

( 387), i ndeterminate, p ossibly s ame b eaker a s ( i) a bove,

d ecoration

p attern b elow .

-2

b ands

o f

s hort

( iii) R im s herd ( 388),

v ertical

l ines

i ndeterminate,

w ith

l attice

r im d iameter c 18

c m, i ncised d ecoration -b and o f l attice p attern a bove a b and of d iagonal l ines. ( iv) R im s herd ( 389), i ndeterminate, r im d iameter c 14 c m,

i ncised d ecoration -h orizontal l ines.

( v)

( 390),

i ndeterminate,

d ecoration -a b and o f s hort v ertical i ncisions b etween l ines o f c omb a bove a nd b elow. ( vi) ( 391), i ndeterminate, -2

b ands o f i ncised s hort,

c omb l ines.

( d)

S HARESHILL,

S taffs,

v ertical

H arris C ollection,

c SJ 9 45

0 65,

l ines s eparated b y 4 h orizontal

( e)

5 k m S W o f C annock.

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) P rivate p ossession. 1 7.7 c m, c hurch

s hield p attern.

a nd

g iven

b y

( c) U nlooped ( 756), l ength

( d) F ound d uring c ontract p loughing n ear t he

a l abourer

t o

M r.

W .V.Roberts,

B irmingham M useum f or a n o pinion. I ts a uthenticity G unstone 1 971, 4 7-8; R owlands 1 976, 3 34, N o.910.

S HARPCLIFFE,

h orizontal d ecoration

n ear I pstones,

S taffs,

c SK 0 0 5 2,

w ho i s

t ook

i t

d oubtful.

t o ( e)

5 k m S E o f L eek.

( a) P erforated s tone i mplement a nd b ronze p alstave o r s pearhead. L ost.

( c)

( Not i llustrated), V ictoria C ounty H istory,

1 81:

( b)

" Perforated

b oulder o r p ebble, s tone m aul, a nd b ronze ( or r ather n early p ure c opper) p alstave, E state.

S HELDON, ( a)

w ith

( e)

c uriously

G unstone

D erbys,

S K

C ollared u rn.

d iameter

3 1.2

c m,

n arrow

1 964,

1 68

( b)

2 6

6 93,

S CM

c ord

b lade".

( d)

r im.

( d)

Found

( c)

d ecoration

w ith

o n

S harpcliffe

5 k m W o f B akewell.

( J93.763).

( 459),

- filled

h orizontal l i nes a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; i nside

F ound

( Ipstones).

a p rimary,

h eight

3 5.3

t riangles

c m,

r im

b etween

3

f illed t riangles o n b evel

c remation

b urial

i n a b arrow

o pened b y T .Bateman o n 6 M ay 1 844. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 6 0-1; a nd 1 855, 8 5, N 39; S CMCBC, 9 5; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.96 ( and 1 73); M arsden 1 977,

8 6

( Sheldon 3 ).

S HELDON M OOR,

D erbys,

c SK

1 7

6 8,

4 k m W o f B akewell.

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) S CM ( J93.25). ( c) ( 29), l ength 8 .7 c m, e xpanded b lade a nd b utt, p artially p erforated. ( d) F ound i n A pril 1 848. ( e)

B ateman

S HENSTONE, ( a)

B ronze

1 855,

1 5,

G 126;

S CMCBC,

G reenborough F arm, S taffs, h oard.

( b)

L ost.

( c)

s haped s word o f B allintober t ype; a nd 2 f ragmentary ' purse'

1 2.

c hapes;

( Not

c SK 1 0 0 4,

6 k m S o f L ichfield.

i llustrated),

c omprised

l eaf-

s mall l eaf-shaped d agger; 1 c omplete

s ocketed l eaf-shaped s pearheads;

s ocketed g ouge;

2

2 s ocketed a xes; 2 l ooped p alstaves; s everal f errules;

2 a xle c aps; 3 m etal r ings; l umps o f l ead a nd c opper. ( . 2) I n 1 824 a r ock c ut g rave w as f ound a bout 2 metres b elow t he s urface c ontaining

2 20

f ragments o f h uman b one a nd w ood. A f ew e ms t o t he w est t he h oard w as f ound i n l oose s and. T he h oard i s i llustrated b y m inute d rawings i n a l etter s ent b y D r. S .R.Meyrick t o M r. H .Ellis, S ecretary o f t he S ociety o f A ntiquaries, a c opy o f w hich w as i n t he p ossession o f M iss L .F.Chitty. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 3 4.

S HORT H EAD,

B irmingham -see P ERRY C OMMON

S HUTLANEHEAD, n ear W hitmore, o n-Trent c entre.

S taffs,

S J 8 238 4 212,

8 k m S W o f S toke-

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 49-53). l ength 1 3.5 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 5 0/ah, g reywacke. o n

1 9

S eptember

1 953

b y

M r.

K .Stevenson

d uring

e xcavations

b ungalow a nd p resented b y h im. ( e) T NSFC 8 8(1953-4), 1 05; 1 962, 2 6, N o.5; a nd 1 964, 4 4 ( Whitmore); R oe 1 966, N o.180.

S HUTTLESTONE A shbourne.

B ARROW ,

P arwich

M oor,

D erbys,

c SK

( c) ( 6), ( d) F ound

1 8

5 4,

f or

a

G unstone

9 k m

N o f

( a) B ronze f lat a xe, b ronze d agger a nd s hale b ead. ( b) S CM.-(c) ( i) B ronze f lat a xe ( 692), ( SCM :- J 93.473), l ength 1 3.8 c m, n arrow b utt, p lain, u pper p art m arked w ith t he g rain o f t he p erished w ooden h aft, o ne f ace o f b lade b earing i mpressions o f b racken ( Pteridium a cquilinum). ( ii) B ronze d agger ( 707), ( SCM :- J93.448), l ength 1 0.2 c m, p oint m issing, f lat, r iveted b lade, 2 r ivets, b oth i n s itu, s traight b utt; r emains o f a w ooden h aft a dhering a s at hin, g rained c oating o n t he b utt, a nd a p atch o f s kin, p robably p art o f t he s heath, a dhering t o t he b lade. ( iii) S hale b ead ( 932), ( SCM :- J 93.562), s mall, f lat, d iameter 7 mm. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 3 J une 1 848. A t t he c entre o f t he b arrow c 2.45 m etres b elow t he n atural s urface w as a g rave c ontaining a s keleton o f am an e nveloped i n a s kin o f d ark r ed c olour a nd f urther p rotected b y f ern l eaves. T he f lat a xe w as b y t he l eft t high b one, t he d agger b y t he u pper l eft a rm, a nd t he s hale b ead a nd ac ircular f lint w ere b y t he h ead. ( e) B ateman 1 852, 2 16-7; 1 855, 1 5, G 127 a nd G 128; a nd 1 861, 3 4-5; S CMCBC, 7 1-2, 8 2 a nd 1 84; E vans 1 897, 3 09; F owler 1 955, 9 0 a nd 12; I nventaria A rchaeologica, G B 1 9(1957); G erloff 1 975, 3 ).

5 0,

N o.54;

M arsden

1 977,

4 8

( Hartington N ether Q uarter

S INFIN, D erbys, c SK 3 4 3 1, 5 k m S o f D erby. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) D erby M useum ( 346-31). c m,

n ear

c ylindrical

p erforation,

D b

5 5,

G roup

( c)

( 70), l ength 1 8.8

X VIII.

( d)

F ound

i n

N ovember 1 931 b y D erby C orporation W orks D epartment o n ah ousing e state a t S infin. ( e) D AJ 5 3(1931), 1 14; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 0; R oe 1 979, 4 4.

S LIPER L OW ,

B rassington,

D erbys,

S K 2 249 5 689,

8 k m W SW o f M atlock.

( a) B eaker. ( b) S CM ( J93.872). ( c) ( 336), h eight 1 8.9 c m, r im d iameter 1 4.5 c m, S 2 t ype, i ncised d ecoration -2 w ide b ands o f r eserved l ozenges w ith v ertical f inger n ail? i mpressions, t hese b ands b eing s eparated a nd b ordered b y b ands o f s hort v ertical o r o blique l ines b etween ay 1 844, t he h orizontal l ines. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 8M b eaker b eing f ound w ith a p rimary, i nhumation b urial o f a c hild o f c 10

21 2

y ears i n a c ircular c ist. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 5 2; a nd 1 855, 8 4, N 29; S CMCBC, 1 49; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.53; F owler 1 955, 1 07; C larke 1 970,

4 78,

S MEETON

N o.120;

M arsden

W ESTERBY,

S meeton

1 977,

2 3

H ill,

( Brassir igton

L eics,

S P

1 ).

6 73

9 12,

1 5

k m

S E

o f

L eicester. ( a) 2 b eakers a nd a b ronze a wl. Beaker ( 318), h eight 1 3.9 c m,

( b) J WM, L eicester ( 435-1975). ( c) ( i) r im d iameter c 11 c m, W /MB t ype, c omb

d ecoration -b and o f p unctures o n u pper p ortion; b and o f s hort v ertical l ines a round m iddle; b and o f c hevrons o n l ower p ortion, t hese b ands b eing

s eparated

h eight

o f

a nd

u pper

b ordered

p art

1 5.3

b y

c m,

s traight

r im

l ines.

d iameter

c 14

( ii) c m,

B eaker

W /MB

( 319),

t ype,

c omb

d ecoration -b ands o f c hevron o r l attice p attern s eparated a nd b ordered b y

s traight

s ection.

l ines.

( iii) Bronze a wl

( 732),

l ength 3 .15

( d) T he s ite w as d iscovered i n A ugust

c m,

s quare i n

1 975 d uring t he l aying

o f d rainage p ipes a nd e xcavated b y t he s taff o f L eicestershire M useums. O ne b eaker ( 318) c lose

b y

b ones, EMAB

w ere

a nd t he a wl w ere f ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial a nd

t he

f ragments

o f t he

o ther b eaker

s o t here c ould h ave b een a m ultiple b urial.

1 2(1978),

( 319) ( e)

a nd

f urther

R utland

1 975;

8 .

SMERRILL M OOR, M iddleton, D erbys, S K 1 844 6 079, 8 km S SW o f B akewell. ( a) B eaker a nd b one i mplement. B eaker ( 337), h eight 2 1.9 c m,

( b) S CM ( J93.860 a nd J 93.570). ( c) ( i) r im d iameter 1 6.2 c m, S 2 t ype, c omb

d ecoration -v ertical, f illed p anels b ordered b y b ands o f s hort o blique l ines a nd h orizontal l ines o n n eck; b ands o f l ozengc p attern a nd o blique l ines s eparated a nd b ordered b y h orizontal l ines o n t he m iddle p ortion; 2 b ands o f f illed t riangles a bove t he b ase. ( ii) B one s patula ( 973), l ength 2 9.7 c m, ( d) F ound w ith a p rimary, i nhumation b urial i n a c ist t ogether w ith 6 f lint i mplements w hen t he s econd b arrow w as o pened b y T .Bateman

o n

1 3 J une

1 857.

( e)

B ateman

1 861,

1 02-3;

SCMCBC,

1 42 a nd

1 85; E vans 1 897, 4 32; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.49; F owler 1 955,

1 06;

977, 7 5 ( Middleton a nd S merrill 1 5). C larke 1 970, 4 78, No.139; Marsden 1

SMISBY/HARTSHORNE, D erbys S K 3 45 2 07, ( a)

B ronze

p alstave.

( b)

D erby

4 km N NW o f A shby-de-la-Zouche.

M useum

l ength 1 6.6 c m, m idribbed p attern, D aniel H ay F arm b etween S misby

( 876-67).

( c)

L ooped

( 785),

l ow f langed. ( d) F ound i n f ield o n a nd H artshorne. D onated t o J WM,

L eicester ( C.67.72) b y M r. R .Kerby a nd i n 1 967 p assed t o D erby M useum. ( e)

EMAB

1 0

S OMERSAL, ( a) i n

D erbys,

B ronze

( 784), 1 931

( 1974),

c SK

p alstave.

l ength

1 3.2 c m,

f rom M r.

S PROXTON,

4 .

1 4

3 5,

( b)

5 k m N E o f U ttoxeter.

S toke-on-Trent

m idribbed p attern,

J .R.B.Masefield.

n ear S altby,

L eics,

( e)

M useum

( 39-31).

l ow f langed.

R edfern

S K 8 670 2 783,

1 873,

( d)

( c)

L ooped

P urchased

2 66.

9 km SW o f G rantham.

rns. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( IL 4 00.1978). ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( a) 3 u ( 460), h eight 2 6.5 c m, r im d iameter 1 8.4 c m, w hipped c ord ( maggot) d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd o n n eck a bove s houlder. ( ii)

C ollared

t wisted

c ord

u rn

( 461),

d ecoration

h eight

1 8.4

c m,

r im

d iameter

14 .2/19.4

-z igzag b and b etween h orizontal

2 22

c m,

l ine a bove

a nd b elow o n n eck; 2 h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( iii) R im s herd ( 532), i ndeterminate u rn, r im d iameter c 26 c m, p lain, h orizontal r idge. ( d) R ound b arrow, o ne o f a g roup o f p erhaps a s m any a s t welve, e xcavated b y L eicestershire A rchaeological F ield U nit i n 1 978. T he b arrow

w as

e xamined

b y

T .Bateman,

w ho

f ound

n othing,

i n

1 860.

T he

o riginal h eight w as 2 metres, i t w as s urrounded b y a d itch 3 5 m etres i n d iameter a nd i t w as c onstructed o f t urf a nd l oam s urrounded b y a s tone k erb.

T here w as a n i nner r ing o f u pright

f ormed

k erb

t he

o f

a s maller,

e arlier

s tones w hich p robably

b arrow,

a nd

t here

w ere

4

c oncentric c ircles o f s take h oles i n t he o riginal g round s urface b elow t he b arrow,

w hich w ere p ossibly t he r emains o f a m ortuary h ouse.

T he

p rimary b urial w as a c remation i n a w ooden c ontainer b uried i n a p it 1m etre d eep a t

t he c entre o f t he b arrow.

O ne c ollared u rn

( 460)

w as

f ound w ith s atellite b urial N o.2, a c remation, t o t he S W o utside t he k erb, t here b eing C 14 d ates f rom t his b urial o f 1 400 ± 7 0 b c ( c1600 B C) a nd 1 380 ± 7 0 b c ( c1560 B C). T he o ther c ollared u rn ( 461) w as f ound w ith s econdary b urial N o.4, a c remation, o utside t he o uter k erb t o t he S , t here b eing a C 14 d ate f rom t he c harcoal o f 1 490 ± 7 0 b c B C). T he r im s herd ( 532) w as d iscovered i n t he r ing d itch N E b arrow.

( e)

S TAFFORD,

3(1977 -8 ), T LAS 5

R owley B ank,

( a) P ebble h ammer. i llustrated), S t s ectioned. ( d)

7 5 -7 ;

S taffs,

S J

C lay

( c1670 o f t he

1 981.

9 18 2 16.

( b) Manchester M useum ( 0.8171) -m islaid. 1 9/ah ( ex S .St 1 9/ah), ( e) G unstone 1 964, 3 4.

B unter

( c)

( Not

q uartzite,

n ot

S TAFFORDSHIRE 1 .(a)

S tone b attle a xe.

( b)

S toke-on-Trent M useum

( 41-31).

( c)

( 19),

l ength 1 3.2 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation, S t 1 0/ah ( ex S .St 1 0/ah), G roup X II. ( d) P ossibly f rom t he D ove v alley S o f U ttoxeter a nd f ormerly i n

t he M asefield

1 966,

No.183;

C ollection.

1 979,

a nd

2 .(a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) d iscoidal, m ax d iameter P robably S taffs.

b order,

l ength

1 964,

G unstone

3 9

( Uttoxeter);

R oe

S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 32-1931). ( c) ( 138), 9 .0 c m, s emi c ylindrical p erforation. ( d)

( e)

3 .(a) Bronze p alstave. ( 757),

( e)

4 1.

1 5.1

c ircular

( b)

c m,

S hrewsbury,

i ndented

p erforation

o n

( c) U nlooped

R owley's M useum.

s hield 1 f ace

p attern o nly

b ut

w ith

a bove

t he

n o

r aised

r idge.

( d)

P urchased a t a uction a t L ichfield b efore 1 835 a nd p resented t o t he M useum b y R ev C anon N ewling. ( e) T NSFC 6 1 ( 1926-7), 1 43; G unstone 1 964, 2 8

( Lichfield);

R owlands

4 .(a) Bronze s pearhead.

1 976,

3 34,

N o.911.

( b) N ewcastle-under-Lyme M useum.

( c) S ocketed

w ith p rotected l oops ( 881), l ength 1 9.0 c m. ( d) P rovenance d oubtful b ut p ossibly f rom S taffordshire. P resented t o t he M useum s ometime a fter

1 973 a nd a t p resent o n l oan t o S toke-on-Trent M useum. 5 .(a) B ronze s ocketed c hisel. ( c) o val

( b)

A shmolean M useum,

C utting b lade o f s ocketed c hisel s ocket

r emaining

( 914),

l ength

O xford

w ith a v ery s hort

3 .5 c m .

( d)

( e)

F ound

( NC 4 00).

l ength o f t he i n S taffs

a nd

s ent t o Dr. P lot b y Mr. C .Cotton b efore 1 684, i n w hich y ear i t w as p resented t o t he M useum b y D r. P lot. ( e) P lot 1 686, 4 04, T able 3 3, f ig robably G unstone 1 964, 7 ; p

1 4

( Alstonefield).

2 23

S TAKER H ILL, 1 .cSK 0 6 6 9.

B uxton, D erbys,

c SK 0 6 6 9,

3 .5 k m S o f B uxton.

Ta) B eaker, b ronze o r c opper e ar r ing a nd b one p oints. ( b) S CM . ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 345), ( SCM :- J 93.873), h eight 1 9.7 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.2 c m,

F P

t ype,

d ecorated

w ith

h orizontal

b ands

o f

f inger

i mpressions. ( ii) F ragment o f b ronze o r c opper e ar r ing ( 744), J 93.549), h eight 8 .5 m m, t hickness 0 .05 m m o r l ess. ( iii) 2 b one ( 985) a nd ( 986), ( SCM :- J 93.548), l ength 7 .2 a nd 6 .8 c m. ( d) n ear S taker H ill o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 J uly 1 851. T he b one w ere f ound w ith a s econdary, i nhumation b urial i n b eaker a nd a p air o f e ar r ings w ere d iscovered

n ail ( SCM :p oints B arrow p oints

a r ude c ist. T he w ith a p rimary,

i nhumation b urial o f a f emale i n a n i rregular g rave c ut 9 0 c m d eep i n r ock. ( e) ( i) (iii). B ateman 1 861, 8 0-81; F owler 1 955, 1 06; M arsden 1 977, 5 3 ( Hartington U pper Q uarter 1). ( i) B ateman 1 855, 9 7, N 162; S CMCBC, 1 49; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.62; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.122. ( ii) B ateman 1 855, 2 4, G 237; S CMCBC, 1 82. ( iii) B ateman 1 855, 2 3, G 236; S CMCBC, 1 81. 2 .SK 0 674

6 905.

( a) B ronze a wl. ( b) S CM ( J93.571). ( c) ( 733), l ength 3 .3 c m, s quare s ection a t m edian p oint. ( d) F ound i n a b arrow o n S taker H ill o pened b y T .Bateman o n 5 J une 1 850 w ith a n i nhumation b urial. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 0, G 185; a nd 1 861, 6 7; S CMCBC, 1 85-6; M arsden 1e7, 5 3 ( Hartington U pper Q uarter 1 0).

S TANCLIFFE,

D erbys -see D ARLEY D ALE

S TANDLOW , D erbys, S K 1 59 5 36, 7 k m N NW o f A shbourne. ( a) S tone b attle a xe a nd b ronze d agger. ( b) B ritish M useum.

( c)

( i)

B attle a xe ( 11), ( BM :- 0.A 1 44), l ength 1 4.4 c m, b oth f aces s lightly d ished, s emi h our-glass p erforation. ( ii) D agger ( 711), ( BM :- 1873.62 .25), l ength 1 4.9 c m, f lat, t anged a nd r iveted b lade, t he t ang h aving ac entral r ivet n otch a t t he t op a nd a r ivet h ole b elow a nd t he s houlders o f t he b lade h aving 2 r ivet h oles 1 r ivet i n s itu. T he p ommel i s o f i vory, p robably s perm w hale t ooth. ( d) S aid t o h ave b een f ound i n a b arrow a t S tandlow, t he b attle a xe h aving a n o riginal J .F.Lucas l abel d ated 1 0 S eptember 1 869. T he b arrow w as p robably o ne o f t hose e xcavated b y J .F.Lucas a nd L .Jewitt b etween 1 862 a nd1872. T he i tems w ere p uchased b y t he M useum i n 1 873 f rom t he e xecutrix o f J .F.Lucas. ( e) F owler 1 955, 1 12; G erloff 1 975, 6 5, N o.92; 2 a t S K 2 130 5 090).

K innes 1 976; M arsden 1 977,

6 7

( Kniveton

S TANSHOPE, R amscroft F ield, S taffs, S K 1 320 5 426, 9 k m NW o f A shbourne. ( a) ( c)

3b eakers a nd b ronze d agger. ( i)

B eaker

( 328),

( b) S CM , e xcept ( 340) w hich i s l ost. ( SCM :- J 93.871), h eight 1 6.6 c m, r im d iameter

1 2.3 c m, S i t ype, c omb d ecoration -b road b änd o f n arrow f illed t riangles b etween h orizontal l ines o n n eck; a b and o f v ertical l ines w ith s hallow a rches b ordered b y h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n t he b ody; a b and o f v ertical f inger n ail i mpressions b ordered b y h orizontal l ines a bove t he b ase. ( ii) B eaker ( 329), ( SCM :-J 93.856), h eight 1 6.6 c m, r im d iameter 1.6 c m, S i t ype, c omb d ecoration -b ands o f t rellis a nd c hevrons b eween h orizontal l ines. ( iii) B eaker ( 340), S 3 t ype, c hevrons c hevrons

o n n eck, b elow o n

s light c ordon a t w aist, 4 h orizontal l ines w ith b ody. ( iv) D agger ( 708), ( SCM :- J93.449), l ength

2 1 4 2

m, f lat, r iveted b lade, 4 r ivet h oles, 2 r ivets i n s itu, o mega 1.6 c m ark. ( d) B arrow o pened b y S .Carrinton o n 1 7 a nd 2 4 N ovember a nd 2 D ecember 1 849. T he 3 b eakers a nd t he d agger w ere f ound w ith 4 s eparate i nhumation

b urials.

( e)

( i) (iv)

B ateman

1 861,

1 58-60;

F owler

1 955,

1 06 a nd 12; G unstone 1 965, 2 9-30 ( Alstonefield 1 ). ( i) B ateman 1 855, 9 4, N 119; S CMCBC, 1 48; A bercromby 1 912, b eaker N o.56; C larke 1 970, 4 95, N o.826. ( ii) B ateman 1 855, 9 4, N 120; S CMCBC, 1 38-9; C larke 1 970, 4 95, N o.827. ( iii) B ateman/Jewitt M S, C 24; C larke 1 970, 4 95, N o.828. ( iv) B ateman 1 855, 1 9, G 175; S CMCBC, 7 2-3; G erloff 1 975, 6 4, N o.87.

S TANTON, S taffs, 1 .cSK 1 2 4 6.

S K

1 2 4 6,

7 a) P ottery f ragments.

6 k m W o f A shbourne.

( b) S CM ( X1972.348).

( c)

( 647), i ndeterminate,

p robably f rom a n u rn, p lain, b ase d iameter c 13 c m. ( d) F ound o n 2 8 D ecember 1 848 n ear S tanton i n a b arrow o pened b y S .Carrington w ith 2 s keletons a nd f lint i mplements i n ac ist n ear c entre. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 9 2, N 99; a nd 1 861, 1 27. 2 .cSK 1 216 4 677. T a) G old a rmlet.

( b) B ritish M useum ( WG1).

( c)

( 823), m ax d iameter o f

c oils 1 0.7 c m, c oiled, t wisted g old b ar w ith p lain r ounded f unnels haped t erminals. ( d) F ound i n 1 853 b y R ev H .Bainbridge m idway ' b etween B lore a nd E llaston i n a f ield n ear t he s tone p its a bout 3 0 c m b elow t he s urface. P art o f t he G reenwell C ollection p urchased b y J .Pierpoint M organ a nd p resented b y h im t o t he M useum i n 1 909. ( e) A rchaeological J ournal 1(1854), 5 4; T NSFC 6 3(1928-9), P late V I o pposite p 147; B ritish M useum, 1 953; G unstone 1 964, 3 5. 3 .Thorswood H ouse F arm,

c SK

15 4 68.

( a) G old b racelet. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 9-1955). ( c) ( 897), p enannular, f lat s ection n arrowing t owards t he t erminals, t he t erminals b eing h ammered i nto f lat, r oughly o val f orm. M ax d iameter 6 .25 c m, m ax w idth o f b and 1 .0 c m, t hickness o f b and 1 m m. ( d) F ound o n 7S eptember 1 953 i n a f ield a djoining T horswood H ouse F arm b y M r. A .G.Ward a nd d eclared t reasure t rove a t a n i nquest h eld a t U ttoxeter o n 1 6 O ctober 1 953. P urchased b y t he S toke-on-Trent M useum f rom t he B ritish M useum o n

1 0 D ecember

S TANTON M OOR,

1 953.

D erbys,

( e)

T NSFC 8 8(1953-4),

S K 2 4

1 06;

6 2 a nd S K 2 4 6 3,

G unstone

1 964,

3 5.

6 k m N W o f M atlock.

A rtifacts f rom S tanton M oor a re a rranged i n t he f ollowing o rder -items f rom n umbered b arrows i n n umerical s equence; i tems f or w hich n o b arrow n umber i n o rder o f d ate o f f ind; i tems f or w hich n o d ate o f f ind i n t he o rder B ritish M useum a nd S CM ; a nd D oll T or C ircle.

S TANTON M OOR, B ARROW 1 , 1 .(a) C ollared u rn. ( b)

N EW P ARK Q UARRY. B irchover M useum.

( c)

( 474)

h eight

3 8.6 c m,

r im d iameter 2 9.0 c m, d ecoration -incised t riangles a lternately f illed w ith i ncised l ines a nd f inger n ail i mpressions w ith a l ine o f h orizontal f inger n ail i mpressions a t b ottom o n c ollar; i ncised l attice p attern o n n eck; l ine o f h orizontal f inger n ail i mpressions o n s houlder; i ncised l attice p attern o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) O ne o f 3u rns f ound i n A ugust 1 925 b y w orkmen w hile q uarrying. P resent l ocation o f o ther 2 , l ower p ortion o f o ne a nd f ragments o f o ther, u nknown. ( e) F ox 1 9267 ,

2 00 a nd f ig 2 .

2 25

2 .(a) U rn f ragments. ( b) i ndeterminate, p ossibly

L ost? f rom

( c) 2 s herds ( 533), ( No.1 i n r eport), a c ollared u rn, a pparently i ncised

d ecoration -filled t riangles w ith 3h orizontal l ines b elow o n p ossible c ollar ; l attice p attern o n p ossible n eck. ( d) O ne o f 2 u rns f ound i n l ate A ugust . f ig 3

1 926 b y w orkmen w hile q uarrying.

( e) F ox 1 926-7,

2 01 a nd

3 .(a) C ollared u rn. ( b) D erby M useum ( 45-1-1927). ( c) ( 426), ( No .2 i n r eport), h eight 1 6.9 c m, r im d iameter 1 4.0 c m, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar; f illed t riangles o n n eck. ( d) T he o ther o f 2u rns f ound i n l ate A ugust 1 926 b y w orkmen w hile q uarrying. ( e) F ox 1 926-7, 2 01 a nd f ig 4 ; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.182. 4 .(a)

7 c ollared

u rns

a nd

3 p ygmy c ups.

( b)

D erby M useum.

( c)

( i)

C ollared u rn ( 425) ( Museum : 3 5-2-1926), ( No .5 i n r eport), h eight 1 8.6 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.0/18.0cm, i ncised d ecoration -h orizontal l ines o n c ollar a nd n eck; b and o f s tabs o n s houlder. ( ii) C ollared u rn ( 428), ( Museum : 3 5-1-1926), ( No.4 i n r eport), h eight 2 5.5 c m, r im d iameter 2 0.3 c m, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck; d iagonal l ines o n r im. ( iii) C ollared u rn ( 475), ( Museum: 4 5-4-1927), ( No.6 i n r eport), h eight 1. 8 /12 .6 c m, r im d iameter 1.0 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration - h orizontal l ines w ith f aint c hevron p attern s uperimposed o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( iv) C ollared u rn ( 476), ( Mus6um : 4 55 -1927), ( No.7 i n r eport), h eight 1 4.7/15.3 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.3 c m, i ncised d ecoration -b and o f v ertical l ines b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; z igzag p attern o n n eck; b and o f s tabs o n s houlder. ( v) C ollared u rn ( 477), ( Museum : 4 5-6-1927), ( No.8 i n r eport), h eight 1 3.0 c m, r im d iameter 1.8 c m, d ecoration -twisted c ord s emi-vertical l ines b etween 4 h orizontal l ines a t t op a nd 3 h orizontal l ines b elow o n c ollar; i ncised d iagonal l ines o n n eck; b and o f s tabs o n s houlder; 2 h orizontal l ines o f t wisted c ord o n b evel i nside r im. ( vi) C ollared u rn ( 478), ( Museum : 4 5-3-1927), ( No .11 i n r eport), h eight 2 6.0 c m, r im d iameter 2 5.0 c m, p lain. ( vii) C ollared u rn ( 479), ( Museum: 4 5-7-1927), ( No.12 i n r eport), h eight 1.3 c m, r im d iameter 1 0.3/12.0 c m, d ecoration -5 r ows o f i mpressions o n c ollar a nd s ame o n n eck; 1 b and o f c ircular s tabs o n b evel i nside r im. ( viii) P ygmy c up ( 614), ( Museum : 3 5-3-1926), ( No.9 i n r eport), h eight 4 .6 c m, r im d iameter 7 .0 c m, b iconical, 2 p erforations, i ncised d ecoration -c hevrons b etween h orizontal l ines f rom r im t o s houlder; b and o f p in p ricks o n b evel i nside r im; a c ross w ithin 2 c oncentric c ircles o n b ase. ( ix) P ygmy c up ( 622), ( Museum : 3 5-5-1926), ( No.15 i n r eport), h eight 5 .0 c m, r im d iameter 6 .0 c m, b iconical, 5 p erforations, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern a ll o ver; l attice o r c hevrons o n b evel i nside

r im.

( x)

P ygmy

c up

( 632),

( Museum :

r eport),height 3 .6 c m, r im d iameter 6 .0 c m, i n S eptember 1 926 d uring r escue e xcavation ab ed o f s and w ith a m aximum d epth o f 6 0 c m. i nside e ach o f t he u rns, n one o f w hich w as c remated r emains w ithout p ots. P ygmy c up

3 5-4-1926),

( No.10

i n

b iconical, p lain. ( d) F ound b y W .S.Fox a t t he b ottom o f T here w ere c remated r emains i nverted, t here a lso b eing ( 614) w as i nside u rn ( 535)

( see 5 . b elow) p ygmy c up ( 632) w as n ear u rn ( 477), a nd p ygmy c up ( 622) w as b etween u rns ( 425) a nd ( 475). ( e) F ox 1 926-7, ( i) ( 428) -L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.183; ( ii) ( 425) -L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.184. 5 .(a) U rn f ragment. i ndeterminate,

( b)

p robably

L ost? f rom

( c)

R im s herd

a c ollared

( 535),

u rn,

( No.3 i n r eport),

d ecoration

c hevron p attern b etween t wisted c ord h orizontal l ines c ollar; 2 h orizontal c ord l ines o n i nside o f l ip o f r im.

2 26

-incised

o n p robable ( d) F ound i n

S eptember 1 926 d uring r escue e xcavation b y W .S.Fox w ith c remation b urial a nd w ith p ygmy c up ( 614) i nside. ( e) F ox 1 926-7, 2 03 a nd f ig 5 . 6 .(a) U rn f ragment. T .A.Harris. ( c) R im t wisted

c ord

( b) L ost? P reviously i n p ossession o f M ajor s herd ( 534), ( No.13 i n r eport), i ndeterminate,

d ecoration

- filled

h orizontal l ines a bove o n c ollar;

a nd

u nfilled

t riangles

w ith

s eries o f i ndentations o n n eck.

2 ( d)

F ound i n S eptember 1 926 d uring r escue e xcavation b y W .S.Fox w hen u rn f ell i nto s mall f ragments. ( e) F ox 1 926-7, 2 05 a nd f ig 9 . 7 .(a)

C ollared u rn.

( b)

D erby M useum

( 45-2-1927).

( c)

( 480),

( No.14

i n r eport), h eight 2 5.6 c m, r im d iameter 2 1.3 c m, p lain. ( d) F ound i n S eptember 1 926 b y q uarrymen i n a bsence o f a uthorised d iggers. ( e) F ox 1 926-7, 2 05.

S TANTON M OOR,

B ARROW 2 .

( a) P ottery, b ronze a nd f lint. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C o llection). ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C.Heathcote i n 1 926-8. A verage d iameter 1 6.5 m etres, c ontaining 2 c oncentric r ings o f l arge s tones a nd e xtensive c rater i n c entre w ith c uttings f rom E a nd S s ides, p robably f rom p revious e xcavations.

( e) H eathcote

1 930,

1 -29.

1 .Deposit B . ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 481), ( SCM : 1 979.902), h eight c 22 c m, r im d iameter 2 7.5 c m, h eavily r econstructed, n o o riginal b ase, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck; o blique l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) F lint p iano-convex k nife ( 203), l ength 5 .4 c m, b roken a cross m iddle ( d) F ound b y i nner s tone c ircle i n NW q uadrant w ith c remated b ones o f a n a dult

a nd s mall p ebble.

2 .Deposit C . ( C) P ygmy c up ( 630), ( SCM : 1 979.904), h eight 6 .0 c m, r im d iameter 6 .0 c m, b arrel-shaped, 1 p erforation, b ut a s b roken m ay h ave h ad m ore, p lain. ( d) F ound b y o uter s tone c ircle i n N W q uadrant w ith a c remation b urial o f a n a dult a nd a f lint s craper a nd a f lint k nife. 3 .Deposit D . ( c) C ollared u rn ( 482), ( SCM : 1 979.903), h eight 2 5.7 c m, r im d iameter 2 5.0 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord f illed t riangles b etween h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; c ord ( maggot) h erringbone d ecoration o n n eck. ( d) F ound b y i nner s tone c ircle i n NW q uadrant w ith c remation a nd f lint. 4 .Deposit E . ( c) F ragments o f c ollared u rn ( 438), ( SCM : 1 979.905), i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar; s imilar o n i nside t o 3 .7 c m b elow r im. ( d) F ound o n i nside o f i nner s tone c ircle i n N E q uadrant w ith a f ew s mall p ieces o f b urnt b one o f a w oman. 2 98,

( e)

L ongworth

1 961,

N o.185.

5 .Deposit F . ( c) ( i) I ndeterminate

p ottery

f ragments

( 648),

( SCM :

1 979.906),

p robably f rom a n u rn, t wisted c ord d ecoration. ( ii) 2 p ieces o f b ronze ( 746), ( SCM : 1 979.907 a nd 9 08), l ength f itted t ogether 9 .5 c m, r ectangular i n s ection, g radually t apering b ut n ot t o a p oint. F ound n ear c entre i n a c ist w ith a m ale c remation b urial.

2 27

( d)

6 .Deposit G . ( c) ( i) P ottery f ragments ( 649), ( SCM : 1 979.909), f rom 2 o r m ore v essels, p ossibly u rns, d ecorated s herds h aving i ncised h orizontal a nd o blique l ines. ( ii) F lint m icrolith ( 216), l ength 2 .8 c m. ( d) F ound i n d isturbed a rea a t c entre w ith b ones o f a n a dult, p robably a w oman ( not c lear f rom r eport w hether c remation o r i nhumation) a nd 5 o ther f lints. 7 .Deposit H . ( c) F ragments o f f ood v essel ( 596), ( SCM : 1 979.911), h eight c 14 c m, r im d iameter c 14.5 c m, d ecoration -shallow h orizontal g rooves a nd v ertical

g rooves

i n

b ands;

b and

o f

s mall

v ertical

p anels

w ith

i mpressions o f a s mall h ollow c ylinder. ( d) F ound a t c entre o n W e dge o f c apstone o f t he c ist. ( e) M anby 1 957, 2 9, N o.C3. 8 .Deposit I . ( c) P ottery f ragments ( 650),

( SCM :

1 979.919), i ndeterminate, p ossibly

f rom a p ygmy c up, t wisted c ord h orizontal l ines o n o utside a nd i nside o f r im s herd. ( d) F ound i n d isturbed a rea t o Eo f c ist w ith b urnt b ones a nd 2 p ebbles. 9 .Deposit K . P ottery f ragments ( 651), ( SCM : 1 979.931), i ndeterminate, p robably f rom a n u rn, p lain. ( d) F ound i n d isturbed a rea i nside i nner s tone c ircle i n S E q uadrant w ith a c remation.

TO

1 0.Deposit L . ( c) P ottery f ragment ( 652), ( SCM : 1 979.930), i ndeterminate, t wisted c ord d ecoration -h orizontal l ines w ith s uperimposed c hevron o n r im s herd. ( d) F ound i n d isturbed a rea i nside i nner s tone c ircle S o f t he c ist.

S TANTON M OOR,

B ARROW 3 .

( a) P ottery a nd b ronze. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection). ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote J uly/November 1 929. O val, 8 .5 x 6 .1

m etres.

( e) H eathcote

1 930,

1 .Deposit A . ( C)( i) C ollared u rn ( 483), d iameter

2 9.0/32.3

c m,

( SCM :

2 9-37. 1 979.901), h eight 3 5.5/36.3 c m, r im

d ecoration

-t wisted

c ord

f illed

t riangles

b etween h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; b and o f p unched i mpressions o n s houlder; b and o f d iagonal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) C ollared u rn ( 484), ( SCM : 1 979.932), h eight 1 5.8 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.0/13.5 c m, d ecoration - incised s emi-vertical l ines w ith a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd z igzag p attern b elow o n c ollar; i ncised f illed t riangles o n n eck; b and o f i mpressed m arks o n s houlder; i ncised o blique l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( iii) B ronze k nife-dagger ( 723), ( SCM : 1 979.935), l ength 1 0.8 c m, t anged b roken i nto 2 p ieces. ( d) F ound a t c entre. U rn ( 483) c ontained u rn ( 484), t he b ronze k nife-dagger a nd t he b urnt N o.335.

b ones o f a n a dult

2 .Deposit B . ( c) ( i) C ollared

u rn

( 429),

f emale.

( SCM :

( e)

( iii)

1 979.933),

( 723)

-G erloff 1 975,

h eight

2 0.0

c m,

r im

d iameter 1 5.0/17.0 c m, d ecoration -incised l attice p attern w ith r ow o f p unched d ots a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; i ncised l attice p attern o n n eck; p unched d ots a ll o ver b ody; i ncised l attice p attern o n b evel

2 28

i nside r im. ( ii) C ollared u rn ( 485), ( SCM : 1 979.934), f ragmentary, .0 c m, d ecoration - twisted c ord v ertical h eight 1 6.7 c m, r im d iameter 114 l ines b etween

2 h orizontal

l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar;

t wisted

c ord o verlapping c hevrons o n n eck; l ine o f p unched d ots o n s houlder. ( iii) F ragment o f b ronze a wl ( 737), ( SCM : 1 979.937), l ength 1 .4 c m. ( iv) B ronze " trunnion" ( 748), ( SCM : 1 979.936), 2 p ieces, l ength f itted t ogether 8 .8 c m. ( v) H ollow c ylinder ( 953), ( SCM : 1 979.938), l ength 1 .2 c m, d iameter 1 .15 c m, n ow r egarded a s a f ossil. ( d) F ound t owards We nd o f b arrow c overed b y a l arge, f lat s tone. U rn ( 429) w as w ith t he b ronze ( 737) a nd ( 748), t he h ollow c ylinder ( 953), 5 P lints a nd t he c remated r emains o f a f emale. U rn ( 485), c ontaining b ones o f a c hild ( not c lear f rom r eport w hether c remation o r i nhumation) w as b elow u rn ( 429). ( e) ( i) ( 429) -L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.186. 3 .Deposit D . ( c) U rn f ragments ( 536), ( SCM : 1 979.948), i ndeterminate, p robably f rom a c ollared u rn, d ecoration -t wisted c ord h orizontal l ine w ith s emi v ertical l ines b elow o n r im s herd; 2 h orizontal t wisted c ord l ines o n b evel i nside r im; o blique i ncised l ines o n s herds f rom n eck? ( d) F ound n ear D eposit C . 4 .Deposit E . ( c) C ollared u rn s herds ( 486), ( SCM : 1 979.949), r im d iameter c 13 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord f illed t riangles b elow a h orizontal l ine o n c ollar. ( d) F ound a t W e nd o f b arrow u nder a l arge, a shes, s mall p ieces o f b one a nd, n earby, 4 f lints.

f lat

s tone w ith

S TANTON M OOR B ARROW 6 . ( a) 2 c ollared u rns.

( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection).

( c)

( i) C ollared

u rn ( 487), ( SCM : 1 979.976), h eight 1 4.4 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.0 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord f illed t riangles w ith h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; p unch s truck h oles a ll o ver n eck; t wisted c ord h orizontal l ine o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) S herds f rom a c ollared u rn ( 505), ( SCM : 1 979.974), i mpressed d ecoration i n o blique a nd v ertical l ines.

( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd

1 934. U rn ( 487) f ound w ith a c remation b urial a t S W o f b arrow i n a n a ddition t o t he m ound ( deposit C ). U rn ( 505) f ound i n d isturbed a rea i n c entre.

( e) H eathcote

1 936,

2 1-4.

S TANTON M OOR, B ARROW 7 . ( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection), ( 1979.979). ( c) ( 488), h eight 1 3.0 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.3 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -5 h orizontal l ines w ith w idely s paced o blique l ines o n c ollar; h orizontal l ine o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd 1 934. U rn f ound w ith d eposit C c ontaining c remation o f as mall a dult a nd 5 f lints. ( e) H eathcote 1 936, 2 4-5.

. S TANTON M OOR, B ARROW 8 ( a) P ygmy c up. ( b) S CM ( 1979.980), h eight

4 .4

c m,

r im

d iameter

( Heathcote C ollection).

4 .8 c m,

b arrel-shaped,

( c)

( 631),

2 p erforations,

p lain. ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd 1 934. P ygmy c up f ound w ith p rimary, c remation b urial ( oeposit A ) a t

2 29

c entre t ogether w ith s mall p ieces p in. ( e) H eathcote 1 936, 2 6.

S TANTON M OOR, ( a)

o f b urnt

b ronze

a nd

r emains

o f

a

B ARROW 1 3.

P ottery a nd b one e tc.

( b)

S CM ( Heathcote C ollection).

( d) B arrow

e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd 1 934. R oughly r ectangular, 1 2.2 x 6 .7 m etres, a nd d isturbed. ( e) H eathcote 1 936, 2 93 3. 1 .Deposit A . ( c) ( i) U rn f ragments ( 653), ( SCM : 1 979.983), i ndeterminate, d ecoration -incised h erringbone p attern. ( ii) B one s egmented b ead ( 993), ( SCM : 1 979.984), l ength 2 .6 c m, 4 s egments, o ne s ide f lat a nd i n c entre o f t his s ide a c arefully d rilled h ole. ( d) F ound w ith b ones o f a s mall a dult, p robably f emale ( method o f b urial n ot c lear f rom r eport) a nd f lint

s craper o r a rrowhead.

2 .Deposit C . C ollared u rn ( 430),

TO

( SCM :

1 979.955),

h eight 2 8.4 c m,

r im d iameter

2 0.4 c m, d ecoration -stick i mpressions i n h orizontal b ands o f v ertical s trokes o n c ollar a nd n eck; s imilar d ecoration i n d iagonal s trokes o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound i nverted i n ad eposit o f c remated b ones o f a s mall a dult f emale. ( e) L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.187. 3 .Deposit H . ( c) C ollared u rn ( 489), ( SCM : 1 979.999), h eight 1 7.4 c m, r im d iameter 1 6.0 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -lattice p attern o n c ollar; z igzag o n n eck; h erringbone o n b ody b elow s houlder; i nside r im. ( d) C ontained a shes.

o blique

l ines

o n b evel

4 .Deposit I . ( c)

2 c ollared u rns

( i)

( 431),

( SCM :

1 979.956),

h eight 2 5.0/26.7 c m,

r im d iameter 2 0.0/21.0 c m, d ecoration -stick i mpressions i n d iagonal l ines o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( ii) ( 432), ( SCM : 1 979.957), h eight 1 0.7 c m, r im d iameter 9 .6 c m, i ncised d ecoration -band o f o blique l ines a bove h erringbone o n c ollar; b and o f h erringbone o n n eck; b and o f o blique l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) B oth f ound w ith b ones o f y oung m ale a dult ( method o f b urial n ot c lear f rom r eport) a nd b urnt f lint k nife. ( e) ( i) ( ) 431) - L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.188. ( ii) ( 432) - L ongworth 1 961,

2 98,

N o.189.

5 .Deposit J . ( c) ( i) C ollared d iameter 1 3.0 c m,

u rn ( 490), ( SCM : 1 979.958), h eight 1 5.6 c m, r im d ecoration -t wisted c ord f illed t riangles b etween

2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; i ncised z igzag p attern o n n eck. ( ii) P ygmy c up ( 623), ( SCM : 1 979.985), h eight 5 .1/5.4 c m, r im d iameter 6 .7 c m, b iconical, 2 p erforations, d ecoration - incised h erringbone p attern a ll o ver w ith a l ine o f s mall p unch m arks o n s houlder. ( iii) C lay s tud o r t oggle ( 999), ( SCM : 1 979.986), d iameter 2 .5 c m. ( d) C lay s tud f ound i nside p ygmy c up, w hich w as i n t urn i nside t he u rn w ith t he c remated r emains o f a s mall w oman. 6 .Deposit M . ( c) C ollared u rn ( 433), ( SCM : 1 979.998), h eight c 20 c m, r im d iameter c 15 c m, i ncised d ecoration -filled t riangles b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar;

o blique l ines o n n eck;

2 30

3h orizontal

l ines o n N o.190.

s houlder.

S TANTON M OOR,

( d)

N o

a ssociations.

e )

L ongworth

1 961,

2 98,

B ARROW 1 6.

( a) 2 c ollared u rns, p ottery s herd a nd j et r ing. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection). ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 491), ( SCM : 1 979.1066), h eight 2 2.9 c m, r im d iameter 1 8.2 c m, i ncised d ecoration -filled t riangles b etween h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; l attice p attern o n n eck; l ine o f p unched h oles o n s houlder; l ine o f p unched h oles o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) C ollared u rn ( 492), ( SCM : 1 979. 1 068), h eight c 16 c m, r im d iameter c 13 c m, i ncised d ecoration -filled t riangles b etween h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; r ough l attice p attern o n n eck; w idely s paced p unched d ots o n s houlder. ( iii) P ottery f ragment ( 654), ( SCM : 1 979.1070), i ndeterminate, p robably f rom a n u rn, p lain. ( iv) J et r ing ( 948), ( SCM : 1 979.1065), m ax d iameter 3 .2 c m. ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C.

a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween

1 931

a nd

1 934.

U rn

( 491)

f ound w ith b ones, p robably o f aw oman ( method o f b urial n ot c lear f rom t he r eport), a t c entre o f b arrow ( deposit A ). U rn ( 492) f ound i n a n e xtension a t Ne nd o f b arrow ( deposit B ) w ith b ones o f a n a dult ( method o f b urial n o c lear f rom r eport). J et r ing ( 948) d iscovered a t c entre o f b arrow . ( e) H eathcote 1 936, 3 4-6.

S TANTON M OOR,

B ARROW 1 7.

( a)

u rn,

C ollared

i ndeterminate

p ottery,

f lint

a nd

b one.

( b)

S CM

( Heathcote C ollection). ( d) B arrow, o val, 4 .9 x 2 .4 m etres, e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd 1 933. ( e) H eathcote 1 939(1), 1 05-7. 1 .Deposit A . ( i) C ollared u rn ( 493), ( SCM : 1 979.1075), h eight 2 0.7 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.8 c m, p lain. ( ii) B one p in ( 955), ( SCM : 1 979.1076), l ength 5 .3 c m, r emains o f e ye. c entre f lint.

o f

b arrow

( d) F ound w ith c remated r emains o f a y outh o ff

t ogether w ith

b urnt

f lint

s craper

a nd

4 p ieces

o f

2 .Deposit C . ( c)

( i)

F ragments o f p ottery

( 656),

( SCM :

1 979.1081),

i ndeterminate,

p robably f rom a n u rn, b ody s herd i llustrated d ecorated w ith i rregular p unch m arks w ith 3 h orizontal r ows o f s uch m arks c lose t ogether i mmediately a bove a n a pparent s houlder. ( ii) F lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead ( 239), ( SCM : c remation b urial.

S TANTON M OOR,

1 979.1080),

l ength

3 .4

c m.

( d)

F ound

w ith

a

B ARROW 1 8.

( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection), ( 1979.1082). ( c) ( 494), h eight c 15 c m, r im d iameter c 14 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord z igzag b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; i ncised l ines i n f an p attern o n n eck a nd b ody; 2 h orizontal t wisted c ord l ines i nside b elow r im. ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd 1 933. F ound i n d eposit A , a c remation b urial o f a p erson o f a bout 1 6 y ears n ear c entre o f b arrow . 1 07-8.

S TANTON M OOR,

B ARROW 2 0.

2 31

( e) H eathcote 1 939(1),

( a)

2 c ollared

J .C.

1 08-11. 1 .Deposit ( c)

u rns.

( b)

B irchover M useum.

a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween

1 931

a nd

( d)

1 933.

B arrow

e xcavated

( e) H eathcote

b y

1 939(1),

C .

C ollared u rn

( ) 434),

h eight

1 5.5 c m,

r im d iameter c 11

c m,

t wisted

c ord d ecoration -l arge h erringbone p attern o n n eck; o blique l ines, p artly l attice p attern, o n n eck. ( d) F ound i nverted u nder a f lat s tone w ith c harcoal b ut n o b ones.

( e)

L ongworth 1 961,

2 98,

N o.191.

2 .Deposit D . ( c) C ollared u rn ( 495), h eight c 26 c m?, r im d iameter c 18 c m, d ecoration -t wisted

c ord

h orizontal

i mpressions o n n eck; r im.

( d)

l ines

o n

c ollar;

i rregular

s tick

o r b one

3 h orizontal t wisted c ord l ines o n b evel i nside

F ound w ith b ones o f a n a dult m ale

( method o f b urial u nclear

f rom r eport).

S TANTON M OOR ( a)

S

B ARROW 2 1.

F ood v essels,

c ollared u rn a nd

( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C. ( e) H eathcote

p ygmy c up.

( b)

B irchover M useum.

a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd 1 933.

11-3.

1 939(1),

1 .Deposit A . ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 588), h eight c 11.5 c m?, r im d iameter c 10 c m, g lobular b owl, p lain. ( ii) R im s herds o f p robable f ood v essel ( 608), r im d iameter c 12 c m,

d ecoration -i ncised l ines o n r im;

h orizontal l ines o n i nside b elow r im.

2 t wisted c ord

( d) F ound w ith r emains o f ay oung

a dult, p robably a woman ( method o f b urial n ot c lear f rom r eport), i n a r ough r ectangular c ist w ith 2 b urnt f lint s crapers a nd 7 o ther b urnt f lint

f lakes.

( e)

Manby

1 957,

2 3,

36. Nos.A37 a nd A

2 .Deposit B . ( c)

( i)

C ollared

u rn

( 435),

h eight

1.3

c m,

r im

d iameter

1.4

c m,

t wisted c ord d ecoration -2 b ands o f l attice p attern b etween, a nd s eparated b y, h orizontal l ines o n c ollar; v ertical l ines t erminating i n p unched d ots o n n eck/body; ( ii)

P ygmy

c up

p erforations,

( 635),

3h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im.

h eight

r ounded b ase,

5 .1

p lain.

c m,

r im

d iameter

8 .2

male o f c 18 y ears ( method o f b urial n ot c lear f rom r eport) s crapers.

( e)

( i)

( 453)

-L ongworth

S TANTON M OOR,

B ARROW 2 2.

( a)

u rn.

C ollared

( b)

S CM

c m ,

n o

( d) F ound w ith r emains o f a y oung 1 961,

( Heathcote

2 98,

C ollection),

( 496), h eight c 24.5 c m, r im d iameter c 18 c m,

a nd 4 f lint

N o.192.

( 1979.1087).

( c)

d ecoration -t wisted c ord

l attice p attern b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; s emi-oblique l ines o f s tabs o n n eck/upper p art o f b ody; t wisted c ord d iagonal l ines b etween h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) B arrow 933 . Urn f ound e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote b etween 1 931 a nd 1 w ith r emains o f y oung p erson, p robably m ale, u nder a ge o f 1 8 ( method o f b urial

n ot

c lear f rom r eport).

S TANTON M OOR, B ARROW 2 5. ( a) 3 c ollared u rns. ( b)

S CM

( SCM :

c 30

1 979.962),

-t wisted

c ord

h eight

h orizontal

( e)

H eathcote

( Heathcote c m,

l ines

r im o n

1 939(1),

C ollection). d iameter

c ollar;

c 25

i ncised

( c) c m,

1 13-5.

( i)

( 497),

d ecoration

r ough

l attice

orizontal t wisted p attern o n n eck; l ine o f p unched h oles o n s houlder; 3h

2 32

c ord l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) ( 498), ( SCM : 1 979.959), h eight 2 4.8 c m, r im d iamter 1 9.4 c m, d ecoration - t wisted c ord l arge h erringbone p attern b ordered a nd s eparated b 3 i. h orizontal a nd v ertical l ines g iving a p anelled e ffect; s mall o blique i ncisions o n n eck; r ow o f i mpressed d ots o n s houlder; d iagonal t wisted c ord l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( iii) ( 499), ( SCM : 1 979.960), h eight 1 7.0 c m, r im d iameter 1 4.5 c m, d ecoration -h orizontal l ines o f o val i mpressions o n c ollar; i ncised r ough l attice p attern o n n eck;

i rregular p unched i mpressions

o n s houlder; 2 l ines o f p unched i mpressions o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y J .C.Heathcote i n 1 938. ( 497) f ound w ith d eposit A , ( 498) w ith d eposit C , a nd ( 499) w ith d eposit D t ogether w ith a f ragmented, s egmented b one b ead. ( e)

S TANTON M OOR,

B ARROW 2 6.

( a) F ragments o f c ollared u rn. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection), ( 1979.963). ( c) ( 506), r im d iameter c 26 c m, c omb d ecoration -p anels o f v ertical a nd h orizontal l ines o n c ollar; d iagonal l ines o n n eck; d iagonal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound w ith f ragments o f a b ronze p in ( 1979.964). ( e)

S TANTON M OOR, ( a) P ygmy c up. h eight

B ARROW 3 1. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection),

3 .2/4.0 c m,

r im d iameter 5 .5

c m,

( 1979.1088). ( c) ( 634),

b iconical,

n o

p erforations,

p lain. ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y H eathcote f amily. F ound w ith a c remation b urial. ( e)

S TANTON M OOR,

B ARROW 3 6.

( a) S tone b attle a xe.

( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection),

( 1979.1089).

( c)

( 23), l ength 1.9 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, D b 3 1, d olerite. ( d) B arrow e xcavated u nder s upervision o f J .P.Heathcote i n A ugust 1 953. F ound w ith c remated r emains, p robably o f a y oung f emale o f a bout 2 0 y ears, 1 .8 m etres S o f t he d isturbed c entre. ( e) H eathcote 1 954, 3 2; R oe 1 966, 2 33, N o.50; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 6 9.

S TANTON M OOR,

1 28-

B ARROW 5 6.

( a) F aience b ead. ( b) S CM ( Heathcote C ollection), ( 1979.1090). ( c) F ragment o f f aience s egmented b ead ( 951), l ength 7 m m, d iameter 5 m m. ( d) S urface f ind i n r abbit h ole i n t he b arrow.

S TANTON M OOR, B ARROW 5 7. ( a) F ood v essel a nd f lint ( c)

( i)

R im

s herds

o f

a rrowhead.

f ood

v essel

( b)

S CM ( Heathcote C ollection).

( 609),

( SCM :

1 979.1094),

t wisted

c ord d ecoration -b and o f n ear v ertical m aggot i mpressions b elow r im; b elow t hat 2 h orizontal l ines a bove d iagonal m aggot i mpressions; h erringbone p attern o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) F lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead ( 241), ( SCM : 1 979.1093), l ength 4 .5 c m. ( d) S urface f inds s cratched o ut b y r abbits.

( e) M anby

S TANTON M OOR, B ARROW 6 1. E XCAVATION O F 1 784.

2 33

1 957,

2 4,

N o.A38.

( a) P ygmy c up. h eight 6 .1 c m, p erforations d iagonal a s mall

( b) A shmolean M useum, O xford ( 1927-2676). r im d iameter 7 .0 c m, b iconical, 2 p airs

o n

s houlder,

d ecoration

l ines b etween t riangles; b one

a bove

a bove t he b ase;

-cut

o ut

( c) ( 617), o f o pposed

t riangles

b and o f i mpressions

o n

n eck;

f rom a r eed o r

1h orizontal l ine b elow s houlder a nd 2

s houlder;

t wisted c ord h orizontal l ine o n b evel i nside r im .

( d)

B arrow o pened i n 1 784 b y H ayman R ooke, t he p ygmy c up b eing f ound i nside a n u rn, w hich w ith 2 o ther u rns, i s l ost. I t p assed f rom t he J esse K ing C ollection t o t he E vans C ollection, w hich i n t urn w as p resented t o t he M useum i n 1 927. ( e)

E XCAVATION O F

1 941.

( a) C ollared u rns, p ygmy c ups a nd b ronze. ( b) B irchover M useum . Barrow e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote i n 1 941. ( e)

( d)

1 .Deposit A . ( c)

( i)

C ollared

h eavily

u rn

( 500),

r econstructed,

h eight

t wisted c ord

c ollar; h erringbone p attern o n n eck.

2 8.0

c m,

r im

d iameter

d ecoration -l attice

2 0.0

c m,

p attern

o n

.3 ( ii) B ronze a wl ( 738), l ength 3

c m . 2 .Deposit B . m, r im d iameter 9 .2 c m, i ncised ( c) C ollared u rn ( 501), h eight 1.0 c d eoration -r ough h erringbone p attern o n c ollar ; 3b ands o f o blique l ines o n n eck;

b and o f d iagonal

l ines o n b evel

i nside r im.

3 .Deposit D . ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 436), h eight c 25 c m, r im d iameter 2 0.6 c m, t wisted c ord d ecoration -l attice p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( 624), o ne

a bove

( ii)

P ygmy c up

4 .8 cm, r im d iameter 4 .8 c m, b iconical, 2 p erforations

h eight

t he

o ther,

d ecoration

- t wisted

c ord

t riangles

w ith

h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n u pper p ortion, t he t riangles b eing f illed w ith i mpressed d ots; b and o f i mpressed d ots o n b evel i nside r im.

( iii)

Pygmy

c up

( 615),

4 p erforations,

g lobular,

-b and o f o blique c oncentric

h eight

f lat

5 .3

c m ,

d ecorated

l ines b etween h orizontal

c ircles

o n

b ase

w ith

h orizontal l ines i mmediately L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, No.193.

c urved

b elow

r im

b ase,

6 .0

c m,

d ecoration

l ines o n u pper p ortion;

l ines

t he

d iameter i ncised

r adiating

s houlder.

( e)

u p

( i)

t o

2

t he

( 436)

4 .Deposit E . ( c) C ollared u rn ( 502), h eight 2 8.9 c m, r im d iameter 2 1.5 c m, h eavily r econstructed, t wisted c ord d ecoration -c hevrons b etween a h orizontal l ine a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar.

B ARROW 6 6.

S TANTON M OOR,

( a)

F ood

( 580),

v essel.

h eight

( b)

1 0.3

S CM c m,

b ipartite v ase, p lain.

( Heathcote r im

d iameter

C ollection), c 11

c m,

( 1979.1099).

f ragmentary,

( c)

b asic

( d) F ound d uring q uarrying v ery n ear N ine L adies

s tone c ircle a nd p resented t o t he Heathcote f amily b y Boden's Q uarry C o.

i n

1 937.

( e)

1 8th C entury. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S CM ( J93.4).

S TANTON M OOR,

( c)

( 57), l ength 1 7.8 c m , n ear

c ylindrical p erforation, D b 1 07, G roup X II.

( d) F ound i n 1 8th C entury.

2 3 1 4

O riginally i n t he c ollection o f R ev J .Mason o f W inster, p assed t o t he W hite W atson C ollection a nd t hen t o t he B ateman C ollection. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 3 , G 22; S CMCBC, 3 ; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 1; R oe 1 979, 4 3.

S TANTON M OOR,

1 799.

( a) C ollared u rn a nd p ygmy c up.

( b) S CM ( J93.838 a nd J 93.884).

( c)

( i)

C ollared u rn ( 422), h eight 1 3.4 c m, r im d iameter 1.0 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord l attice p attern b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n c ollar; i ncised z igzag p attern o n n eck; 1 h orizontal t wisted c ord l ine o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) P ygmy c up ( 613), h eight 3 .7 c m, r im d iameter 4 .7 c m, u pper p ortion m arkedly t urned i n, n o p erforations, h ollow d ecorated b ase, i ncised d ecoration -filled t riangles o n u pper p art; o blique l ines b etween h orizontal l ines o n l ower p art; b ottom d ecorated w ith c urved r adiating l ines. ( d) F ound i n a b arrow i n J uly 1 799,

t he u rn

c ontaining t he

p ygmy

c up a nd a c remation.

P assed f rom

t he W hite W atson C ollection t o t he B ateman C ollection. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 2 3; a nd 1 855, 8 0, N 2 a nd N 3; S CMCBC, 1 28 a nd 1 53; A bercromby 1 912, u rns N os.97 a nd 9 7A; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.177.

S TANTON M OOR,

1 833.

( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S CM ( J93.2). ( c) ( 51), l ength 2 9.5 c m, b oth f aces s lightly d ished, h our-glass p erforation, D b 1 06, G roup X V. ( d) F ound 2 8 A pril 1 979, 4 4,

S TANTON M OOR,

1 833.

( e)

S CMCBC,

1 ;

M oore a nd C ummins

1 974,

7 1;

R oe

1 2.3

c m,

r im

1 847.

1 .2 F ebruary 1 847. ( a) F ood v essel. ( b)

S CM

( J93.802).

( c)

( 564),

h eight

d iameter 1 3.2 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, d ecoration -o val n ail i mpressions a ll o ver e xcept i mmediately b elow r im a nd i n l ower g roove; o val n ail i mpressions o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound i n ac ist w hen a s mall b arrow w as l evelled b y l abourers c ultivating w aste l and. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 1 00; a nd 1 855, 8 9, N 71; S CMCBC, 1 13; M anby 1 957, 2 3, N o. A 34. 2 .13 O ctober 1 847. ( a) 3 C ollared u rns.

( b)

S CM.

( c)

( i)

( 423),

( SCM :

J 93.855),

h eight

1 9.2 c m, r im d iameter 1 5.6 c m, w hipped c ord d ecoration -p anels o f v ertical a nd h orizontal l ines w ith a r ow o f p unctures b elow o n c ollar; l attice

p attern

o n n eck;

r ow o f p unctures

o n

s houlder;

2 h orizontal

l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) ( 424), ( SCM : J 93.772), h eight 2 6.6 c m, r im d iameter 2 0.7 c m, d ecoration -a b and o f d iagonal w hipped c ord ( maggot) i mpressions o n b ottom o f c ollar a nd o n b ottom o f n eck. ( iii) ( 437), ( SCM : X 1975.24), s herds, t wisted c ord d ecoration -z igzag p attern o n c ollar; l attice p attern o n n eck. ( d) F ound w hile c utting d rains.

E ach

c ontained a c remation.

( e)

( i) (iii)

B ateman

1 848,

2 4.

( i) B ateman 1 855, 9 0, N 77; S CMCBC, 1 36; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.78; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.179. ( ii) B ateman 1 855, 9 0, N 76; S CMCBC, 1 00; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o.63; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o.178. ( iii) B ateman 1 855,

9 0,

N 78;

S TANTON M OOR

L ongworth

1 961,

2 98,

1 848.

2 35

N o.180.

( a) S tone p erforated d isc. ( b) S CM ( J93.93). ( c) ( 171), d iameter 4 .0 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, p eriod u ncertain. ( d) F ound i n t renching i n F ebruary 1 848. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 3, G 108; S CMCBC, 2 7.

S TANTON M OOR,

1 850.

( a) B ronze s ocketed a xe.

( b) S CM ( J93.501).

4v ertical i ndentations. 7 7, M 71; S CMCBC, 8 5.

S TANTON M OOR,

1 852,

S TANTON M OOR,

1 859.

( c)

( 857), l ength 1 0.3 c m,

( d) F ound i n J anuary 1 850.

s ee S TANTON M OOR,

( e) B ateman 1 855,

D OLL T OR C IRCLE.

( a) S tone m acehead. ( b) S CM ( J93.14). ( c) ( 95), l ength 6 .5 c m, p olished, T hames p estle, c ylindrical p erforation. ( d) F ound i n d igging s and i n 1 859. B ateman N o.G392. ( e) S CMCBC, 8 .

S TANTON M OOR, 1 889 ( Quarry A l). ( a) U rn, p ygmy c up a nd s tone b owl.

( b) B irchover M useum.

( c)

( i) U rn

( 514), h eight 3 3.3 c m, r im d iameter 2 4.6 c m, p robable c ordon; p lain. ( ii) P ygmy c up ( 618), h eight 5 .4 c m, r im d iameter 7 .2 c m, b iconical, d ecoration - cut o ut t riangles o n n eck; d iagonal l ines b etween t riangles; h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow t riangles. ( iii) S tone b owl ( 170), h eight 2 .2/2.5 c m, r im d iameter 6 .9/7.3 c m, f ine s andstone, n ear b ase 2 s hallow d iscontinued g rooves, o ne o n e ach s ide. ( d) U rn c ontaining p ygmy c up a nd c remated b ones a nd c overed b y a t hin p iece o f f lagstone f ound i n q uarry w orkings, Q uarry A l, s lightly b elow t he s urface i n 1 889. S tone b owl f ound i nside a b roken ( lost) u rn s ome w eeks l ater i n 1 889 c lose t o t he p osition o f t he u rn a nd p ygmy c up ( 514) a nd ( 618). ( e) W ard 1 891; a nd 1 900, 2 9 a nd 3 0.

S TANTON M OOR,

1 899.

( a) 2 c ollared u rns. ( b) B irchover M useum. ( c) ( i) C ollared u rn ( 427), h eight 1 4.2 c m, r im d iameter 1.0 c m, d ecoration w ide b and o f t wisted c ord s emi-vertical l ines b elow 2 h orizontal l ines o n c ollar;

i ncised

l attice p attern o n n eck; r ow o f s tick o r b one i mpressions o n s houlder. ( ii) F ragments o f c ollared u rn ( 504), r im d iameter c 20 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord f illed t riangles o n c ollar; i rregular i mpressions o n n eck. 2 7;

( d) F ound i n 1 899 p robably w hen q uarrying.

( i)

( 427)

S TANTON M OOR, ( a) P ottery,

-L ongworth

1 961,

( e) W ard 1 900,

2 6 a nd

( i) P ottery v essel

( 520),

2 98, N o.181.

1 926. b ronze a nd b one.

( b)

S CM.

( c)

( SCM : J 1928.15), h eight 2 0.0 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.2/15.0 c m, p robably e nlarged f ood v essel, t wisted c ord d ecoration -t riangles b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n u pper s ection; z igzag p attern o n m iddle s ection; 3 h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) B ronze k nife-dagger ( 721), ( SCM : J 1928.16), l ength 7 .9 c m, d istorted b y f ire, o riginally 2 r ivet h oles, 1 r ivet i n s itu, c entral r ib o n b lade. ( iii) B one p ommel ( 720), ( SCM : J 1928.17), l ength 3 .4 c m . ( iv) B one p in ( SCM : J 1928.18), l ength 7 .0 c m, l arge e ye. ( v) F ragment o f b one p in ( 968), l ength 7 .4 c m. ( d) F ound i n a s mall c ist o n 2 8 N ovember 1 926

2 36

b y R ev C .W .Summerfield. T he p ottery v essel c ontained a c remation, t he o ther i tems a nd 3 f lint s crapers. ( e) H eathcote 1 930, 2 ; G erloff 1 975, 1 68, N o.303.

S TANTON M OOR, 1 .(a)

G ENERAL -B RITISH M USEUM.

S tone b attle a xe.

( b) B ritish M useum ( +4599 o r 1 9.12-7.8).

( 22), l ength 1 5.2 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, -7 (e) R oe 1 966, N o.51.

D b 2 42,

d olerite.

( c) ( d)

2 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) B ritish M useum ( BM 5 5.5-7.1). ( c) ( 71), l ength 1 9.8 c m, h our-glass p erforation, D b 2 40, G roup X V. ( d) P resented b y E .R.Shirley, M .P. ( e)

S TANTON M OOR, 1 .(a) ( SCM :

G ENERAL -S CM.

2 c ollared u rns a nd f lint. X 1975.669).

h eight

2 3.4

( b) S CM. c m,

r im

( e)

( i)

C ollared u rn ( 503),

d iameter

1 5.2

c m,

i ncised

d ecoration -v ertical a nd d iagonal l ines o n c ollar. M arked ' T61' o n b ase. ( ii) F ragments o f c ollared u rn ( 507), ( SCM : X 1977.1065), t wisted c ord d ecoration -l attice p attern o n c ollar; d iagonal l ines b elow a h orizontal l ine o n n eck? ( iii) F lint i mplement ( 258), ( SCM : X 1977.1064), l ength 3 .6 c m. ( d) B ateman C ollection. ( e) 2 .(a) R im s herd o f u rn. ( b) S CM ( J93.1297). ( e) c 18 e m, p robably f rom a c ordoned u rn, i ncised t riangles b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove s light c ordon. ( d) B ateman C ollection. ( e)

S TANTON M OOR, D OLL T OR C IRCLE, E XCAVATION O F 1 852.

a nd

( 513), r im d iameter d ecoration -rough b elow

o n

b and

a bove

S K 2 38 6 28.

( a) P ygmy c up. ( b) S CM ( X1972.335). ( e) ( 625), h eight c 6.5 c m, r im d iameter c 6.0 c m, b arrel-shaped, f ragmentary, d ecoration -h orizontal l ine a t w idest d iameter a nd 2 h orizontal l ines a bove t he b ase. ( d) C entre o f t he c ircle " excavated" b y T .Bateman o n 1 0 A pril

1 852,

t his

c up b eing f ound w ith 2 o r 3 o ther p ygmy c ups, t he r emains o f 3 o r 4 u rns a nd s cattered c remations. A t t hat t ime t he c ircle c omprised 6 s tones, 4 s tanding a nd 2 f lat. 1 861, 8 4.

( e) B ateman 1 855,

9 9, N 184

( part);

a nd

E XCAVATION O F 1 931-33. ( a) P ottery a nd f aience b eads. ( b) B irchover M useum. ( d) C ircle e xcavated b y J .C. a nd J .P.Heathcote, w ho f ound d eposits a t t he f eet o f t he 4 s tanding s tones b ut n ot o f t he 2 f lat s tones. T hey a lso f ound a n u ndisturbed m ound a dded t o t he c ircle a t i ts e astern e nd. ( e) H eathcote 1 939(2). 1 .Deposit A . ( c) ( i) U rn

f ragment

( 655),

r im

s herd,

r im

d iameter

e 18

c m,

i ndeterminate, p lain. ( ii) U rn f ragment ( 657), r im s herd, r im d iameter c 22 c m, i ndeterminate, i ncised d ecoration -diagonal l ines b elow a h orizontal l ine. ( d) F ound i nside S E q uadrant, ( 657) w ith c remated r emains o f a y oung c hild. 2 .Deposit D .

2 37

C c) S mall b iconical u rn ( 525), h eight 8 .2 c m, r im d iameter 9 .0 p lain. ( d) F ound a t f oot o f s tone 5 w ith a f ew i nhumed b ones.

c m,

3 .Deposit E . ( c) F ood v essel ( 589), h eight 8 .7 c m, r im d iameter 1 0.4 c m, g lobular b owl, c omb d ecoration -p attern o f s quares o n u pper p art. ( d) F ound i nverted a t W e dge o f l arge f lat s tone E o f c ircle w ith 3 u nburnt f lint s crapers, a f ew s mall p ieces o f b ronze, a nd a v ery f ew b ones ( not c lear f rom r eport w hether b ones c remated o r i nhumed). 4 .Deposit F . ( C)

( i)

F ood v essel

( 581),

h eight 8 .4 c m,

r im d iameter 6 .8 c m,

b asic

b ipartite v ase, p lain. ( ii) U pper p ortion o f f ood v essel ( 582), r im d iameter 1 3.0 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, i ncised d ecoration v ery r ough l atice p attern b elow r im.

( d) F ound t o E o f c ircle b y e asterly e nd o f

a l arge f lat s tone w ith a f lint s craper a nd t he r emains ( not c lear f rom r eport w hether c remation o r i nhumation).

o f a c hild

5 .Deposit G . ( c)

S tar-shaped

F ound a dult

f aience

b ead

( 952),

d iameter

2 .6

t o E o f c ircle i n a p it w ith t he r emains ( method o f b urial n ot c lear f rom r eport).

c m,

8 p oints.

o f a m ale,

( d)

p robably

6 .Deposit H . ( c) P ottery f ragments ( 658), r im d iameter c 23 c m, i ndeterminate u rn, d ecoration -incised o verlapping t riangles b etween h orizontal l ines b elow r im. ( d) F ound i mmediately o utside a nd N E o f c ircle w ith r emains o f a c hild ( method o f b urial n ot c lear f rom r eport). 7 .Deposit I . ( c) F aience s egmented b ead ( 950), l ength 1 .5 c m, b lue g laze. ( d) F ound E o f c ircle w ith c remated r emains o f a n a dult, p robably a w oman, u nder a l arge f lat

s tone.

S TANTON P ARK, D erbys, c SK 2 4 6 4, 7 k m NW o f M atlock. 1 .(a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.852). ( c) ( 583), h eight 1 4.5 c m , r im d iameter 1 4.0 c m, b asic b ipartite v ase, t wisted c ord d ecoration -1 h orizontal l ine b elow r im ; b and o f m aggot d ecoration o n s houlder; 3 h orizontal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound i n a n a gricultural o peration i n S tanton P ark i n N ovember 1 845. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 8 5; a nd 1 855, 8 8, N 61; S CMCBC, 1 34-5; F owler 1 955, 1 09; M anby 1 957, 2 3, N o .A35. 2 .(a) B ronze s word. ( b) S CM ( J93.455). ( c) ( 897), l ength 3 1.8 c m , l eafs haped, v ery c orroded. ( d) I n W hite W atson C ollection b efore p assing t o B ateman C ollection.

S TANTON-UNDER-BARDON,

( e) B ateman

1 855,

2 ,

G 8.

L eics -see C LIFFE H ALL.

S TATHERN. L eics, S K 7 7 3 1, 1 3 k m N NE o f M elton M owbray. ( a) P ygmy c up a nd b ronze k nife-dagger. ( b) G rantham M useum. P ygmy p airs

( c)

( i)

c up ( 612), h eight 6 .6 c m, r im d iameter 1 0.4 c m, b iconical, 2 o f p erforations, h ollow d ecorated b ase, i ncised d ecoration

orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n u pper -l ozenge p attern b etween 3 h p ortion; s imilar d ecoration b elow a r eserved b and o n l ower p ortion;

2 38

o blique l ines o n b evel i nside r im ; c rossed l adders i nside 3 c oncentric c ircles o n b ase. ( ii) K nife-dagger o r r azor ( 725), l ength 6 .6 c m, f lat, t anged. ( d) P robably r ecovered f or M useum b y M r. H .Preston i n e arly 2 0th C entury f rom i ronstone d iggings. P ygmy c up c ontained t he k nifed agger a nd c remated b ones. A rchaeologica, G B 2 1(1957).

S TATHERN,

L eics,

S TAUNTON H AROLD,

( e)

P hillips

1 933,

1 36;

I nventaria

s ee a lso H ARBY.

L eics,

S K 3 857 2 225,

6 k m N E o f A shby-de-la-Zouche.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 569-1978). ( c) ( 143), m ax d iameter 1 0.0 c m, d iscoidal, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound i n 1 978 a nd d onated b y M r. S .Towers.

S TECHFORD, B irmingham, W est M idlands, S P 1 35 8 76, 7 k m E o f B irmingham c entre. ( a)

B ronze

p alstave.

( b)

B irmingham

M useum

( 621.54).

( c)

U nlooped

( 763), l ength 1 5.9 c m, m idribbed p attern. ( d) D ug u p i n g arden o f 1 86 F laxley R oad, S techford, b y M r. C .L.Schramm i n 1 939 a nd p resented b y h im i n 1 954. ( e) T homas 1 974, 2 1; R owlands 1 976, 3 42, N o.1028.

S TEEP L OW, A lstonefield, S taffs, S K 1 308 5 645,

1 k m NW o f A shbourne.

( a) B eaker f ragment. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( Not i llustratld), i ndeterminate. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 1 J une 1 845. B eaker f ragments p robably " pieces o f a h ighly o rnamented d rinking c up" p urchased b y B ateman f rom v illagers w ho h ad p illaged t he b arrow. ( e) B ateman 1 848, 7 6-7; 1 970,

F owler 1 955, N o.823F.

1 06;

G unstone

1 965,

3 0

( Alstonefield

6 );

C larke

)! 95,

S TENSON,

D erbys,

c SK 3 2

3 0,

7 k m S SW o f D erby.

1 .SK 3 31 3 01. ( a) F ragments o f p robable P eterborough w are a nd f ragments o f b eakers. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) P robable P eterborough w are - ( i) ( 278), d ecorated w ith t riangular s tabs. ( ii) ( 279), d ecorated w ith t riangular s tabs. ( iii) ( 280), d ecorated i th i ncised h erringbone p attern. ( iv) ( 281), d ecorated w ith i ncised v ery s mall c hevrons b etween h orizontal l ines. B eakers -(v) ( 367), F P t ype, f inger n ail i mpressions. ( vi) ( 392), i ndeterminate, d ecorated w ith f inely s erated n otching. ( vii) ( 393), i ndeterminate, d ecorated w ith 2 b ands o f i ncised c rosses. ( viii) ( 394), i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -short v ertical l ines b etween h orizontal l ines, s hort h orizontal l ine b etween v ertical l ines, a nd n arrow f illed t riangles. ( ix) ( 395), i ndeterminate, b ase s herd. ( d) F ound b y M r. G .Turton s ome y ears b efore 1 953 i n w hat s eems t o h ave b een a c asual h earth -an e longated p atch o f b urnt e arth a nd c harcoal w ith s herds,

b urnt w ood,

l ittle b urnt b one.

h eat ( e)

f ractured p ebbles,

F owler

a f ew f lint s craps a nd a

1 953.

2 .cSK 3 2 3 0. ( a) R im s herd o f c ollared u rn. ( b) U niversity o f N ottingham M useum ( D61.1). ( c) ( 471), t wisted c ord ( maggot) d ecoration -zigzag p attern o n c ollar. ( d) B elieved t o h ave b een f ound i n a q uarry. ( 9) P osnansky 1 956,

1 7.

2 39

S TIRCHLEY, B irmingham, W est M idlands, S P 0 60 820, 5 k m S SW o f B irmingham c entre. ( a)

S tone

( 58.179).

a xe ( c)

h ammer. ( 72),

( b)

H erbert

A rt

l ength 2 2.3 c m,

a nd M useum,

C oventry

h our-glass p erforation.

G allery

N ot l ike

a ny r ecognised r ock t ype b ut i t i s m uch a ltered p icrite, r esembling r ocks w hich o ccur c lose t o t he s ite o f G roup X II o n t he S hropshireP owys b order. ( d) D onated i n 1 958 b y M r. F .Townsend. ( e) T homas 1 974, 2 1.

S TOCKERSTON,

L eics,

c SP 8 3 9 7,

1 2 k m S SW o f O akham.

( a) F ragments o f c ollared u rn. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 731-1883). ( c) ( 417), s tab d ecoration o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( d) P resented b y C olonel G .C.Bellairs. N o.170 .

( e)

P owell

S TOKE-ON-TRENT, H anley, ( a) S tone b attle a xe. l ength

1 2.0

c m,

n ear

1 950(1),

c ylindrical

m isdescribed a s m acehead);

7 9;

p erforation,

F ound 1 962,

R oe

L ongworth

1 961,

b roken,

2 98,

( 20),

ex 48 /ah (

S t

b efore 1 900 w hile c onstructing a 2 8, N o.8; a nd 1 964, 3 5 ( where

1 966,

S TOKE-ON-TRENT, M eir R oad S andpit, ( b)

a nd

C harles S treet, S taffs, S J 8 848 4 753. ( b)Stoke-on-Trent M useum ( 903-49).(c)

N .St 1 9/ah), G roup X II. ( d) t imber y ard. ( e) G unstone

k m S E o f L ongton. ( a) C ollared u rn.

7 2

N o.177;

N ormacot,

S toke-on-Trent M useum

a nd

1 979,

S taffs,

4 1.

S J 9 235

( K163.1978).

4 238,

( c)

2

( 418),

h eight 1 8.4 c m, r im d iameter 1 8.3 c m , t wisted c ord d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( d) F ound i n 1 927 a nd p resented b y M r. N .S.Rhead. ( e) T NSFC 6 1(1926-7), 1 47; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98,

N o.195;

G unstone

1 964,

3 5.

S TOKE-ON-TRENT,

N ormacot

L ongton. ( a) B eaker.

S toke-on-Trent M useum

( b)

S andpit,

S taffs,

S J

9 238

( 517-P-36).

4 236, ( c)

2 k m S E

( 320),

o f

h eight

1 8.0 c m, r im d iameter 1 3.4 c m, W /MR t ype, c omb d ecoration -b ands o f s hort v ertical l ines b etween b ands o f h orizontal l ines a ll o ver, a nd t riangles i mmediately a bove t he b ase. ( d) F ound i n 1 936 d uring q uarrying a nd p resented b y M r. N .S.Rhead. ( e) T NSFC 7 1(1936-7), 6 6; F owler 1 955,

1 06;

G unstone

1 964,

3 5;

C larke 1 970,

4 95,

N o.832.

S TOKE-ON-TRENT, P enkhull, S taffs, c SJ 8 6 4 4, 3 k m S SW o f c entre. ( a) P ygmy c up. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 12-31). ( c) ( 626), h eight 5 .2 c m, r im d iameter 7 .5 c m, m iniature b ipartite v ase, 2 p erforations, d ecoration -3 b ands o f s tabs w ith 2 t wisted c ord h orizontal l ines b elow ; b and o f s tabs i mmediately a bove b ase ; i ncised o blique l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound i n 1 911 b y M r. A .Scrivner d uring e xcavations f or P enkhull G arden V illage, a nd p resented i n 1 931 4(e) T NSFC 6 0(19256 ), 1 88; G unstone 1 964, 3 5,

S TOKE-ON-TRENT,

S helton B ar,

S taffs,

S J 8 75 4 77.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 68-1973). l ength 1 3.0 c m, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound o n t he

2 1 40

( c) ( 142), s urface i n

t ip o f m ixed r ubbish i ncluding s lag f rom f urnace i n J une 1 973. P resented b y M r. J .T.Dunn. ( e)

S TOKE-ON-TRENT,

T rentham,

S taffs,

c SJ 8 6 4 1,

6 k m S SW o f c entre.

1 .(a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 41-1971). ( c) F ragment ( 33), l ength 1 2.1 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 3 9/ah ( ex N .St 11 /a h ), G roup X V. ( d) F ound p rior t o 1 870. I t m ay h ave b een f ound i n 1 859 d uring e xcavations i n t he N orthwood F arm b arrow . 1 870, 1 12; G unstone 1 964, 3 5; R oe 1 966, N o.182. 2 .(a)

F ragments

o f

c ollared

u rn.

( b)

S toke-on-Trent

1 963). ( e) ( 419), r im d iameter 2 6.0 c m, t wisted -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar, n eck a nd s houlder. 1 870. ( e) J ewitt 1 870, 9 7; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, G unstone

S TONE, ( a)

1 965,

S taffs,

S tone

a xe

4 9

( e)

M useum

J ewitt

( 670-P-

c ord d ecoration ( d) F ound b efore N o197; p ossibly

( Swynnerton 8 o r 9 ).

c SJ 9 0 3 4. h ammer.

( b)

B ritish M useum

( +5927).

( e)

( 40),

l ength

1 7.4 c m, p art p erforated, " A.W .F.12.7.92 ( Nicklin)".

S t 8 /a h ( ex S .St 8 /a h ). ( d) B ears ( e) E vans 1 897, 2 02; G unstone 1 965,

S TONE,

c SJ 9 0 3 4.

S toke L ane,

S taffs,

l abel 3 6.

( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 420), h eight c 25 c m , r im d iameter c 23 c m, d ecoration -zigzag p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( d) F ound p rior t o 1 798 w ith a c remation i n a g ravel p it a t E e ntrance t o S tone. I n 1 798 i n p ossession o f M r. F oster, s urgeon, o f S tone, w ho p urchased i t 5, J ewitt 1 870, f rom t he l abourer w ho d ug i t u p. ( e) S haw 1 798(2), 3

9 3, 4 7

f ig 9 4; L ongworth 1 961, ( Stone 1 ).

2 98, N o.196; G unstone 1 964,

3 6; a nd 1 965,

N ear S TONE, S taffs, c SJ 9 0 3 4. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) B ritish M useum . ( c) ( 56), l ength 3 1.2 c m, ex S .St b oth f aces s lightly d ished, h our-glass p erforation, S t 1/ah ( 1 /ah), e pidotised p orphyrite. ( d) ( e) E vans 1 897, 2 02; G unstone 1 964,

S TONE,

3 6.

C old N orton F arm,

1 .SJ 8 80 3 22. ( a) S tone a xe l ength

2 0.0

h ammer.

c m,

S taffs,

( b)

S J 8 8

3 2,

S toke-on-Trent

h our-glass

p erforation,

3k m S W o f S tone. M useum S t

( 53-50).

ex 14 /a h (

( c)

S .St

( 73),

1 4/ah),

c oarse f elspathic g rit. ( d) F ound c 1950 a nd a cquired b y t he M useum i n 1 950. ( e) T NSFC 8 5(1950-1), 8 5; G unstone 1 964, 1 9 ( Chebsey). 2 .SJ 8 78 3 23. T a) S tone s hafthole a dze. ( b) S tafford M useum ( L33). ( c) ( 104), l ength ex S .St 26 /a h ), 1 2.2 c m, n arrow b utt, h our-glass p erforation, S t 2 64/a h ( s ericitic g rit. ( d) O n l oan f rom S taffordshire C ounty C ouncil 2 6 F ebruary 1 965. ( e) P robably G unstone 1 964, 1 9 ( Chebsey).

78 3 .SJ 8

3 23.

2 1 41

s ince

( a) P ebble h ammer.

( b)

S tafford M useum ( L5).

( c)

( 144),

m ax d iameter

8 .8 c m, p art p erforated, S t 2 0/ah ( ex S .St 2 0/ah), c oarse m icaceous g rit. ( d) F ound b y M r. C .Emery p rior t o 1 961, s ince w hen o n l oan. ( e)

S TONE, Norton F arm,

S taffs,

S J 8 73

3 14,

4 k m S W o f S tone.

( a) S tone s hafthole a dze. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 34-33). ( c) ( 110), m ax d iameter 1.6 c m, d iscoidal, h our-glass p erforation, S t 3 /ah ( ex S .St 3 /ah), K eele s andstone. ( d) F ound i n af ield b y m ain r oad t o S tone c 1932/3 a nd p resented i n 1 933. 1 9 ( Chebsey).

S TONTON W YVILLE, ( a)

L eics,

S tone b attle a xe.

( e) T NSFC 6 9(1934-5), 7 7; G unstone 1 964,

c SP 7 3 9 5, ( b)

J WM,

8 k m N o f M arket H arborough.

L eicester

( 78-1955).

( c)

( 3),

l ength

9 .2 c m, h our-glass p erforation, L e 6 , q uartzite. ( d) F ound i n J anuary 1 955 a nd d onated b y M r. J .A.Rowe. ( e) R oe 1 966, N o.101; M oore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 3.

S TOOP B ARROW, H igh E dge, ( a)

B ronze

d agger

a nd

D erbys,

b eaker

S K 0 617 6 842,

f ragment.

( b)

5 k m S o f B uxton .

D agger

-B uxton M useum

( 1.093). B eaker -L ost. ( c) ( i) B ronze d agger ( 702), l ength 1 2.0 c m, f lat, r iveted b lade, 3 r ivet h oles, 2 r ivets i n s itu, o mega m ark. ( ii) B eaker s herd ( 396), i ndeterminate, d ecoration -b and o f s hort v ertical l ines b etween h orizontal l ines; b and o f l attice p attern b etween h orizontal l ines b elow . ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y M .Salt a nd h is s on i n S eptember 1 894. D agger f ound w ith a n i nterment ( A) i n c entre. B eaker s herds n earby. F rom M icah S alt C ollection . ( e) T urner 1 899, 9 8-102, a nd P late X XIII, f ig 3 ; F owler 1 955, 1 12; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.126F; G erloff 1 975, 4 2, N o.21; M arsden 1 977, 4 3 ( Hartington M iddle Q uarter 4 ).

S TOWE,

S taffs,

-see C HARTLEY.

S TRETTON, S taffs, c SJ 8 8 1, 1 3 k m N NW o f W olverhampton. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) L ost. ( c) L ooped ( 794), l ength c 13.5 c m, p lain. ( d) F ound i n 1 717 a nd e xhibited a t t he S ociety o f A ntiquaries, L ondon, i n 1 726. ( e) A rchaeologia 5 (1779), 1 13 a nd P late V III, f ig 1 ; C ox

1 720-31,

S UGNALL,

P art 5 ,

5 1;

S haw 1 798(2),

3 1;

G unstone

1 964,

3 7.

S taffs -see C OP M ERE.

S UTTON C HENEY,

L eics,

c SK 4 07 0 04,

7 k m N o f H inckley.

( a) 2 b ronze s pearheads. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( i) ( 824), s ocketed, l eafs haped, a pparently s ide l ooped a nd p egged. ( ii) ( 825), s ocketed, l eaf1 -a nd P late X CII, f ig s haped, s ide l ooped. ( d) ( e) N ichols 1 811, 5 5 17 8 a nd 9 .

2 1 42

S UTTON C HENEY,

S UTTON

L eics -see a lso A MBION H ILL.

C OLDFIELD,

S WARKESTONE,

W est M idlands -see B ARR B EACON;

B ARROW 2 , D erbys,

S K 3 65 2 95,

A ND G REAT B ARR.

7 k m S SE o f D erby.

( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) D erby M useum ( 290-9-56). ( c) 2 j oined r im s herds ( 610), p robably f rom a f ood v essel, t wisted c ord d ecoration -diagonal l ines b elow a h orizontal l ine. ( d) E arthen b ell b arrow e xcavated b etween 2 a nd 3 0 J uly 1 955 b y E xtra M ural D epartment o f U niversity o f N ottingham. T hese s herds f ound i n t he m ound s oil o n S s ide o f b arrow . 2 50 p ieces o f w orked f lint r ecovered f rom t he b arrow a nd t he o riginal s urface. ( e) P osnansky 1 955; a nd 1 956, 1 6; M anby 1 957, 2 4, N o.A39; M arsden 1 977, 9 4 ( Swarkestone 2 ).

S WARKESTONE, B ARROW 4 , ( a)

P ottery.

( b)

D erbys,

D erby M useum.

S K 3 69 2 95, ( d)

7 k m S SE o f D erby.

E arthen b ell b arrow e xcavated b y

t he A ncient M onuments D ivision o f t he t hen M inistry o f W orks i n 1 956. M ound c omprised 2 m ain d eposits: a n i nner t urf s tack c overed b y a l arger o uter o ne, b oth h aving b een d isturbed p robably i n a n a ttempt t o r ob t he b arrow . T he p rimary b urial w as n ot f ound i n s itu. A s econdary b urial i n ac remation p it i nserted i nto t he t op o f t he i nner t urf s tack w as f ound i n t he NW q uadrant a nd c ontained f ragments o f a c ollared u rn ( 462), a c alcined b one a nd c harred l ogs. A B eaker o ccupation l evel w as d iscovered b eneath t he o ld g round l evel, s ealed b y t he b arrow . 3 63 p ost a nd s take h oles, f orming c omplex p atterns o f sructures f or h uman a nd a nimal o ccupation, w ere f ound m ainly o n Sa nd E s ides o f t he b arrow. Al arge p ost-Beaker i nhumation g rave c ontaining t he r emains o f aw ickerw ork c offin a nd a f lint k nife w as d iscovered u nder t he NW q uadrant, t ogether w ith s everal s hallow d epressions a nd h earths, b eaker s herds a nd f lints b eing w idely d istributed t hrough t his l evel. ( e) G reenfield 1 956; a nd 1 960; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N os.150F a nd 1 51F; M arsden 1 977, 9 4 ( Swarkestone 4 ). 1 .(c) N eolithic p ottery f ragments ( 300), r im s herd, p lain. B eaker o ccupation l evel.

( iii)

2 .(c)

( i)

B eaker

f ragments.

( i)

( 301),

( 362),

( 299),

r im s herds,

r im s herd,

r im

s herd,

p lain.

F P

t ype,

p lain. ( d)

( ii)

F ound i n

r usticated.

( ii) ( 364), b ody s herd, F P t ype, r usticated. ( iii) ( 366), b ody s herd a nd b ase s herd, F N t ype, f inger n ail d ecoration. ( iv) ( 397), r im s herds f rom c ordoned b eaker. ( v) ( 398), b ody s herd, i ndeterminate, d ecoration c omb h orizontal l ines, 1 a bove a nd 3 b elow a b and o f v ertical i ncised s hort l ines. ( vi) ( 399), b ody s herd, i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -h orizontal l ines a bove a nd f illed t riangles b elow. ( vii) ( 400), r im s herd, i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -b and o f d iagonal l ines w ith h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow. ( d) F ound i n B eaker o ccupation l evel. 3 .(c) C ollared u rn f ragment ( 472), d ecoration -w hipped c ord ( maggot) v ertical l ines w ith o val i ndentations b elow. (0 F ound i n r obbing t rench u nder b arrow . 4 .(c)

C ollared

i ncised

u rn

d ecoration

b evel i nside r im.

( 462),

( Museum :

-h erringbone

5 36-62),

p attern

o n

r im c ollar

d iameter a nd

n eck

c 12 a nd

( d) F ound w ith t he s econdary c remation b urial.

2 1 43

c m, o n

S WINFORD, S tanford H a ll, L eics. c SP 5 6 7 9, 8 k m N E o f R ugby. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L e icester ( 74-1951). ( c) ( 147), l ength 9 .3 c m, h our-glass p erforation, b rown f elsite . ( d) F ound a t S tanford H all. D onated i n 1 951 b y M r. A .E.Moore. ( e)

S WINSCOE, C ommon E nd F arm, S taffs, S K 1 27 4 86, 5 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( L1-1971). ( c) ( 74), ex N .St 18 /ah ), l ength 2 0.4 c m, s emi-cylindrical p erforation, S t 46 /ah ( G roup X II. ( d) F ound b y M r J .Brassington i n 1 926 a t d epth o f c 60 c m a nd o n l oan s ince 1 929. ( e) T NSFC 6 2(1927-8), 1 53; T NSFC 6 4(1929-30), 1 79; G unstone 1 964, 1 6 ( Blore a nd S winscoe); R oe 1 979, 4 4.

S WINSCOE, S taffs -see a lso T OP L OW .

S WITHLAND R ESERVOIR, L eics, c SK 5 5 1 3, 5 k m S SE o f L oughborough. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) P rivate p ossession . ( c) L ooped ( 795), l ength 1 4.5 c m , p lain. ( d) S aid b y M rs. E .Sharp t o h ave b een f ound b y h er h usband w hen b uilding S withland R eservoir, t his h aving b een b uilt i n . u he

l ate 1 890s. P hotograph i n J WM ,

L eicester .

( e)

S WYNNERTON, S taffs, c SJ 8 5 3 5, 5 k m W NW o f S tone. 1 .(a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 507-41). ( c) F ragment ( 75), l ength 9 c m, h our-glass p erforation, a bnormally l arge s hafthole, S t 1 7/ah ( ex S S t 1 7/ah), G roup X II. ( d) F ound i n 1 941. ( e) T NSFC 7 7(1942-3), 5 6; G unstone 1 964, 3 8; R oe 1 979, 4 3, 2 .(a) S tone m acehead. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 78-1972). ( c) F ragment ( 92), l ength 5 .9 c m, o void, c ylindrical p erforation. ( d) F ound i n C ommon L ane, S wynnerton, i n J une 1 972 a nd a cquired b y M useum i n s ame y ear.

( e)

S WYNNERTON,

S taffs -see a lso H ANCHURCH H ILLS.

S YSTON, L eics, S K 6 2 1, 6 k m N E o f L eicester. 1 .Round h ill, S K 6 27 1 15. ( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 44-1880). ( c) ( 421), h eight 3 2.5 c m, r im d iameter 2 4.0 c m, i ncised d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck a nd i nside r im. ( d) F ound i n ab arrow w ith a c remation b urial. D onated b y M ajor G .Knight i n 1 880. ( e) B rowne 1 888, 2 3; P owell 1 950(1), 7 0 a nd 7 7; L ongworth 1 961, 2 98, N o .171. 2 .River W reake, S K 6 16

1 25.

( a) B ronze d irk. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 103.1874). ( c) ( 802), l ength 2 0.2 c m, l ozenge c ross-section, b evelled e dges, f orm o f. butt u ncertain . ( d) F ound i n J une 1 873 w ith a f ragment o f h uman s kull i n t he R iver W reake a t S yston , 5 .8 m etres b elow t he s urface a nd 3 .35 m etres b elow t he b ed o f t he r iver i n g ravel. T he f ind w as m ade d uring t he w idening o f t he r ailway b ridge a cross t he W reake b y t he M idland R ailway C o. P resented b y M r. J .A.McDonald, E ngineer t o t he C o, i n 1 874. ( e) B rowne 1 888, 2 5-

6 ; R owlands 1 976, 4 05.

2 1 4 1 4

3 .cSK 6 2 1. ( a) B ronze s ocketed a xe. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 116.1962/298). ( c) ( 868), l ength 9 .7 c m, 3 n arrow v ertical d ecorative g rooves, g enuiness q uestioned. ( d) F ound i n 1 901. A ccording t o t he i nventory o f t he S purway C ollection o f 1 961 i t w as f ound " in w hite c lay 1 0 y ards f rom G ate H angs W ell ( Forgery)"; t he G ate H angs W ell i s a p ublic h ouse a t S K 6 23 1 28 w here t he F oss W ay c rosses t he R iver W reake. A lthough t he i tem o n e xamination d oes n ot a ppear t o b e af orgery, t he 3 g rooves a re u nusual. A n o ld l abel o n t he a rtifact s tates u nder i nfra-red l ight: " Found i n w hite c lay i n e xcavation t rench, H andsworth V illas, B arkby L ane, 1 901". A lthough H andsworth V illas c annot b e i ndentified, B arkby L ane i n S yston i s c SK 6 17 1 06. H orwood 1 911, 6 3, s tated:"A s ocketed a xe w as f ound n ear t he R iver S oar ( sic) a nd F oss R oad a t S yston". T he S purway C ollection w as p urchased b y t he M useum i n 1 962. ( e) H orwood 1 911, 6 3.

S YSTON/THURMASTON, L eics, c SK 6 17 1 04, 6 k m N E o f L eicester. ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 422-1952). ( c) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, p egged ( 888), l ength 1 6.2 c m . ( d) F ound i n g arden o f R oundhill N ursing H ome a t S K 6 17 1 04 i n P arish o f S yston a ccording t o M useum r ecord c ard, b ut t he O S m ap ( old 6 i nch s heet X XV 5 6) m arks i t a s h aving b een f ound a t S K 6 169 1 033 ( i.e. c 70 m etres a way) i n T hurmaston P arish. P resented b y H elen G reaves i n w hose g arden i t w as f ound . ( e)

T ALKE,

B unkers H ill C olliery,

S taffs,

S J 8 26 5 34,

8 k m N W o f S toke-

o n-Trent c entre. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 40-1971). ( c) ( 59), l ength 1 6.0 c m , b oth f aces s lightly d ished, s emi— c ylindrical ex N S t 16 /ah ), G roup X II. ( d) F ound i n 1 884 p erforation, S t 44 /ah ( d uring e xcavations f or t he c olliery a nd i n p rivate p ossession u ntil 1 930 w hen p resented t o M useum . ( e) T NSFC 6 5(1930-1), 1 55; G unstone 1 962, 2 8, N o.6; a nd 1 964, 3 8; R oe 1 979, 4 3.

T AMWORTH, S taffs, S K 2 0 0 4. 1 .SK 2 05 0 52. Ta) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) T amworth C astle M useum ( L1973.15). ( c) ( 49), l ength 1 4.7 c m, c ylindrical p erforation, S t 2 5/ah ( ex S S t 2 5/ah), G roup X IV. ( d) F ound i n g arden o f 1 9 T hackerey D rive a t d epth o f 6 0 c m i n 1 962. O n l oan f rom M r. G .R.Cox s ince 1 M ay 1 973. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 3 8; B amford a nd S heridan 1 974, 3 ; R oe 1 979, 4 4. 2 .River A nker, c SK 2 09 0 39. ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) T amworth C astle M useum ( RA.1966.113). ( o) S ocketed l eaf-shaped, p egged ( 889), l ength 2 2.2 c m . ( d) F ound i n R iver A nker a nd d onated b y M r. J .Ballard o f B olebridge S treet b acking o nto t he r iver. I n M useum c atalogue o f 1 906. ( e) B amford a nd S heridan 1 974, 4

T HE R OACHES, n ear U pper H ulme, S taffs, c SK 0 1 6 1, 7 k m N E o f L eek. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 104-1963). ( c) ( 60), l ength 2 2.3 c m, f aces s lightly d ished, h our-glass p erforation, S t 9 /ah, s andstone. ( d) F ound i n 1 925 b y M r. C rampton s ticking o ut o f t he g round 4 00 m etres b eyond R oaches H ill o n L eek-Buxton r oad a nd t o t he l eft.

2 45

P resented b y R eading M useum t o S toke-on-Trent M useum G unstone 1 962, 3 0, N O.23; a nd 1 964, 2 5 ( Heathylee).

i n

1 963.

( e)

T HIRKELOW, D erbys, c SK 0 49 6 89, 4 .5 k m S o f B uxton. ( a) S tone b attle a xe a nd f ood v essel f ragment. ( b) B attle a xe B uxton M useum. F ood v essel -L ost. ( c) ( i) B attle a xe ( 12), l ength 8 .6 c m, s emi h our-glass p erforation. ( ii) F ood v essel f ragment ( 561), Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, t wisted c ord d ecoration -1 h orizontal l ine o n r im; 3 r ows o f c hevrons o n n eck; s hort d iagonal l ines o n l ower g roove; o blique l ines b elow l ower g roove . ( d) B arrow e xcavated b y M icah S alt, h is s on, a nd W .Turner o n 1 8 J uly 1 895. B attle a xe f ound i n c entre w ith a n i nhumation b urial i n a b ed o f l imestone r ubble. F ood v essel d iscovered w ith a n i nhumation b urial, a j et d isc-bead a nd a c hert h orseshoe s craper 1 m etre f rom t he N W m argin o f t he m ound. ( e) ( i) T urner 1 899, 1 08; R oe 1 966, N o.52. ( ii) T urner 1 899, 11, P late X XV, f ig 2 ; M anby 1 964. ( i) a nd ( ii) M arsden 1 977, 5 4 ( Hartington U pper Q uarter 1 4).

T HORNCLIFF L OW , C alton M oor, S taffs, S K 1 134 4 951, 8 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) B ronze d agger. ( b) S CM ( J93.453). ( c) ( 705), l ength 1 2.5 c m, f lat, r iveted b lade, 3 r ivets i n s itu, o mega m ark. ( d) B arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 3 0 A ugust 1 848. F ound w ith a p rimary i nhumation b urial a nd a f lint i mplement. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 6, G 142; a nd 1 861, 19; S CMCBC, 7 4; F owler 1 955, 1 12; G unstone 1 965, 5 3 ( Waterhouses 1 7); G erloff 1 975, 5 0, N o.51.

T HORPE C LOUD, D erbys, c SK 1 4 5 0, 5 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) B eaker f ragment. ( b) S CM ( X1975.20). ( c) 3 s herds i llustrated ( 401), i ndeterminate, i ncised d ecoration -h orizontal l ines w ith c hevrons b elow . ( d) P ossibly f ound i n ab arrow n ear T horpe C loud o pened b y T .Bateman o n 3 A pril 1 848. ( e) B ateman 1 861, 2 7-8; C larke 1 970, 4 78, N o.127.

T HORPE, D erbys/ILAM , S taffs, c SK 1 4 5 0, 5 k m N W o f A shbourne. ( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) D erby M useum ( 709-65). ( c) ( 42), l ength 2 0.7 c m, b oth f aces s lightly d ished, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound i n 1 885 i n c lay a t d epth o f e l m etre b etween T horpe a nd I lam. P urchased b y M useum i n S eptember 1 965 f rom M essrs. G reen a nd H atfield, I pswich.

T HORPE, D erbys -see a lso L ID L OW .

T HOR'S C AVE, S taffs -see W ETTON.

T HREE L OWS, W etton, S taffs, c SK 1 0 5 5, 1 k m N W o t A shbourne. 1 .Excavation o f 7 J une 1 845. ( a) B eaker s herds a nd f ood v essel. ( b) B eaker s herds -L ost. F ood v essel -(SCM : J 93.821). ( c) ( i) B eaker f ragments ( 360), p ossibly S 3 t ype, d ecoration -filled l ozenges w ith r eserved c rosses i n b etween. ( ii) F ood v essel ( 594), r im d iameter 1 5.6 c m, t ripartite v essel, h eavily r estored, d ecoration -row o f c ircular s tabs b elow r im. ( d)

2 1 46

L arge

b arrow

o pened

b y

T .Bateman

o n

7 J une

1 845.

B eaker

f ragments

p ossibly f ound w ith a s econdary i nhumation b urial a bove t he c entral c ist. F ood v essel p ossibly f ound w ith t he p rimary i nhumation b urial i n t he c entral c ist. ( e) ( i) a nd ( ii) -B ateman 1 848, 6 9-70; F owler 1 955, 1 07; G unstone 1 965, 5 8 ( Waterhouses 1 7). ( i) -B ateman/Jewitt M S, B 29; C larke 1 970, 4 96, N o.838, 8 39 o r 8 40F. ( ii) -B ateman 1 855, 8 7, N 52; S CMCBC 1 21; M anby 1 957, 2 7, N o.B8. 2 .Excavation o f 8D ecember

1 849.

( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) L ost. ( c) F ragments ( 463), t wisted c ord d ecoration -h erringbone p attern o n c ollar a nd n eck. ( d) S maller b arrow r eopened b y S .Carrington o n 8 D ecember 1 849. F ound w ith a p rimary c remation b urial, 1 b one p in a nd 2 f lint i mplements i n a c entral c ist. ( e) B ateman 1 861, ( Waterhouses 1 8).

1 61;

3 .Excavation o f 4 J une ( a)

F ragment

B ateman/Jewitt

M S,

C 25;

G unstone

1 965

1 850.

o f b ronze o rnament.

( b)

S CM

( J93.575).

( c)

( 745),

p art

o f a n a rmlet m ade o f t hick b ronze w ire, o ne e nd d ecorated w ith r aised b and a t r ight a ngles t o a xis, p eriod d oubtful. ( d) L arger b arrow r eopened b y S .Carrington o n 4 J une 1 850. F ound a t W s ide o f b arrow. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 2 0, G 183; a nd 1 861, 1 67-8; S CMCBC, 1 87; G unstone 1 965, 5 8 ( Waterhouses 1 7).

N ear T HROWLEY, S taffs,

c SK 1 0 5 1,

9 k m N W o f A shbourne.

1 .Behind T hrowley Moor H ouse, S K 0 984 5 218. ( a) S tone b attle a xe, b ronze a nd b one i tems. b attle a xe

( 17),

( SCM :

J 93.23),

l ength

1.1

( b) c m ,

S CM .

( c)

b roken,

( i)

S tone

c ylindrical

p erforation, G roup X II. ( ii) B ronze a wl o r p in ( 740), ( SCM : J 93.544). l ength 8 .0 c m, r ound s ection. ( iii) F ragments o f b one p in ( 959), ( SCM : J 93.543), e yed . ( iv) B one p in ( 969), ( SCM : J 93.542), n o e ye. ( v) B one c ylinder ( 992), ( SCM : J 93.5 ) 45), l ength 2 .4 c m, c entre o f c ylinder h ollow, t ransverse h ole a t m id p oint. ( d) B arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 1 8 A ugust 1 849. F ound w ith a c remation b urial i n a n u rn. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 8, G 170, a nd 1 9, G 171; 1 861, 1 54-4; S CMCBC, 1 0, 1 79 a nd 1 80; E vans 1 897, 1 86; G unstone 1 965, 5 5 ( Waterhouses 3 1). 2 .Near T hrowley. ( a) B ronze a nd b one i tems. ( b) S CM ( J93.429). ( c) ( i) F ragment o f t hin b ronze ( 743), b ronze s trip, l ength 8 m m, v ertical l ine a t e ach e dge a nd s eries o f ' V's i n m iddle. ( ii) B one i mplement ( 983), l ength 1 2.0 c m, h ole i n m iddle. ( iii) B one i mplement ( 984), l ength 1 0.6 c m. ( d) A ccording t o S CMCBC, 5 7, f rom T hrowley o pened o n 1 0 F ebruary

a c remation b urial i n a b arrow n ear 1 843, b ut t here i s n o r eference t o a n

e xcavation o n t hat d ate i n B atman ( 1848). B ateman ( 1855, 1 7, G 154) a ppears t o r efer t o t hese i tems a s h aving b een f ound w ith a c remation b urial i n a b arrow a t R ibden, S taffs ( Ribden L ow S K 0 762 4 776), o pened o n 2 9 D ecember 1 848. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 1 7, G 154; a nd 1 861, 1 27-8 ( Ribden L ow); S CMCBC, 5 7, G unstone 3 5 ( Cotton 3 ). 4

3 .Cart L ow, S K 1 043 5 100. ( a) P ygmy c up. ( b) S CM ( J93.878). 8 .8

c m,

o ut-turned

r im,

( c) ( 616), h eight 5 .5 c m, r im d iameter

2 p erforations,

i ncised

d ecoration -filled

t riangles o n n eck; l ozenge p attern o n b ody; f illed t riangles b etween p arallel l ines o n t op o f r im . ( d) B arrow o pened b y S .Carrington o n 1 0 F ebruary 1 849. F ound w ith a c remation b urial i n a p it i n t he o riginal

2 47

g round s urface n ear t he c entre t ogether w ith a b ronze p in, 2 f lints a nd a q uartz

p ebble.

( e)

B ateman

1 855,

9 2,

N 1 .00;

a nd

1 861,

1 30;

S CMCBC,

1 50; A bercromby 1 912, u rn N o. 2 63; G unstone 1 965, 5 4 ( Waterhouses 2 5).

T HROWLEY,

S taffs -see a lso M ARE H ILL.

T HRUSSINGTON,

T HURLASTON,

L eics -see J ERICHO L ODGE.

L eics,

S K 4 97

0 08,

9 k m W SW o f L eicester.

), l ength ( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( C/1951/642)? ( c) ( 2 )4 1 5.8 c m, n ear c ylindrical p erforation. ( d) O riginally o n l oan f rom M iss

D .Prime.

E ither

m easuremants i n J WM ,

T HURMASTON,

L eics,

m islaid

o r

L eicester.

S K 6 1

0 9,

r eturned ( e)

t o

o wner.

P hotograph

a nd

R oe 1 966, N o.102.

5 k m N NE o f L eicester.

1 .Saxon C emetery S ite, H umberstone L ane, c SK 6 17 0 84. " ( a) S tone s hafthole a dze? ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 580-1954). ( c) F ragment ( 111), m ax d iameter 1 3.6 c m , d iscoidal, h our-glass p erforation, L e 2 7, m eta-greywacke. ( d) T hurmaston S axon C emetery e xcavated i n 1 954. ( e) Moore a nd C ummins 1 974, 7 3. 2 .SK 6 050

1 041.

( a) B eaker f ragment. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 910-1973). ( c) R im s herd ( 402), p ossibly S 2 t ype, i ncised d ecoration -4 h orizontal l ines w ith v ertical h erringbone p attern b elow. ( d) F ound b y G eology D epartment o f L eicestershire M useums S ervice i n a n ew g ravel p it i n 1 973. ( e) E MAB 1 2(1978), 9 .

T HURMASTON,

L eics -see a lso S YSTON/THURMASTON.

T ISSINGTON,

D erbys,

( a) F ood v essel.

c SK

( b)

1 7 5 2,

5 k m N o f A shbourne.

W arrington M unicipal M useum ( 13.39).

( c)

( 5) 49),

h eight 1 4.9 c m, r im d iameter 1 7.2 c m, Y orkshire v ase, s ingle g roove a nd l ugs, 1 o f 4i mperforate l ugs i n s itu, d ecoration b ands o f t wisted c ord l ines a nd b ands o f ' chip' i mpressions o n u pper p ortion; b ands o f i ncised h erringbone d ecoration a nd b ands o f ' chip' i mpressions o n t he l ower p ortion; ' chip' i mpressions a nd 4 t wisted c ord l ines o n b evel i nside r im; o n b ase a c ross f ormed b y t wo p airs o f p arallel t wisted c ord l ines. ( d) P resented b y L ady F .Daresbury. ( e) M anby 1 964, 1 17 a nd f ig 7 (1);

M arsden

T ISSINGTON,

T ITTENSOR,

1 977,

9 8

( Tissington 9 ).

D erbys -see a lso C RAKE L OW ;

S taffs,

c SJ 8 7

3 8,

a nd H OkLINGTON H ILL.

5 k m N W o f S tone.

( a) S tone a xe h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 45-1971). ( c) ( 50), l ength 1 3.6 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 4 5/ah ( ex N S t 1 7/ah), d iorite, m uch s ericitized. ( d) P resented b y M iss H ayes.(e) G unstone 1 964,

3 8

( Swynnerton).

2 48

T ITTESWORTH R ESERVOIR,

n ear L eek,

S taffs,

c SJ 9 8 5 9,

3 k m N o f L eek.

( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 668-45). ( c) ( 153), m ax d iameter 7 .1 c m, h our-glass p erforation . , p ossible s pindle w horl, S t ex N S t 35 /a h (

6 /a h ),

f elspathic q uartzite B unter p ebble.

( d) F ound i n

a f ield t o W o f R eservoir b y Mr. W .Hall a nd p resented i n 1 943 b y M r. J .D.Johnstone. ( e) T NSFC 8 0(1946), 8 2; G unstone 1 962, 2 9, N o.12; a nd 1 964, 2 8.

T IXALL H EATH, ( a)

2 u rns.

S taffs, ( b)

1 7th C entury.

c SJ

9 7 2 2,

D estroyed.

( c)

5 k m E o f S tafford. ( Not

i llustrated).

( e) C amden 1 607 ( Gough 1 789, V ol 2 ,

( d)

F ound

i n

t he

3 90); G unstone 1 964,

3 9.

T OMPKIN, c entre.

n ear B agnall,

( a) S tone a xe h ammer.

S taffs,

S J 9 42 5 05,

7 k m N E o f S toke-on-Trent

( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 101/1964).

( c)

( 62),

l ength 2 1.3 c m, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound S o f M oor H all F arm, T ompkin. Presented i n 1 964 b y M r. A .Docksey. ( e)

T OP L OW, ( a)

Swinscoe,

Beaker

S taffs,

a nd b one.

( b)

S K

1 296

S CM.

( c)

4 914, ( i)

6 k m MW o f A shbOurne.

B eaker

( 341),

( SCM :

J 93.858),

h eight 1 7.9 c m, r im d iameter 1 2.0/12.7 c m, S 3 t ype, c omb d ecoration -c hevrons b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow i mmediately b elow r im; l ozenge p attern o n n eck; f lat t riangles b etween 2 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow a t b ottom o f n eck; l ozenge p attern w ith h orizontal l ines a nd c hevrons b elow o n b ody. ( ii) 2 p ieces o f f lat b one ( 987) a nd ( 988), ( SCM : J 93.539), l ength 6 .9 a nd 5 .8 c m, b oth p ointed, ( 990) w ith n otch.

( d)

E lliptical

b arrow

c ontaining

m ultiple

b urials

o pened

b y

S .Carrington o n 5a nd 1 2 May 1 849. Beaker f ound w ith i nhumation b urial o f a n a ged m an i n g rave c ut ( Burial

1 0).

( Burial 5 ).

( e)

( i)

a nd

a nd 1 14; G unstone 1 965, 9 2, N 103; 4 95,

i n r ock t ogether w ith a f ew f lint

f lakes

Bone i mplements f ound w ith a c remation b urial a nd

S CMCBC,

No.834.

( ii)

T RENTHAM P ARK,

( ii)

1 861,

1 33-8;

3 ( Blore w ith Swinscoe 3 ). 3

1 39-41;

A bercromby 1 912,

-B ateman

S taffs,

-B ateman

1 855,

c SJ 8 8 4 0,

1 8,

F owler

1 07

( i) B ateman 1 855,

b eaker N o.59;

G 162;

f lint

1 955,

S CMCBC,

C larke 1 970,

1 79.

7 k m S SW o f S toke-on-Trent

c entre.

( a) Bronze s ocketed a xe. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 318-38). ( c) ( 848), l ength 1 0.5 c m, 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. ( d) F ound i n J uly 1 938 b y M r.

R .Oliver i n t he g ravel p it

i n

s ame

y ear.

( e)

T NSFC

a t T rentham P ark a nd p resented b y h im

7 3(1938-9),

12; 1

G unstone

1 964,

3 8

( Swynnerton).

T RENTHAM,

T UGBY, ( a)

S taffs -s ee a lso N ORTHOOD F ARM;

L eics,

c SK 7 6

0 1,

1 2 k m SW o f O akham.

S tone w ith c up m arks.

9 5 c m,

m ax h eight

4 8.5

a nd S TOKE-ON-TRENT.

c m,

( b)

P rivate p ossession.

8 c up marks,

( c)

m ica-schist

( 1013), -a

l ength

metamorphic

r ock p robably f rom N o f England o r S cotland, m ost l ikely a g lacial e rratic. O utside f ormer b lacksmith's s hop i mmediately S o f C hestnut C ottage.

( e)

2 19

T YRLEY,

S taffs,

S J 7 049

( a) B ronze p alstave.

3 348,

3 k m S E o f M arket D rayton.

( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( K110.1979). ( c) L ooped

( 769), l ength 1 7.6 c m, m idribbed p attern. ( d) F ound i n 1 960 i n a h eap o f m aterial d redged f rom t he C oal B rook b y M r. C .W .Hall. D onated b y h im t o S hugborough M useum ( 13-65) a nd i n 1 979 p assed t o S toke-on-Trent M useum .

T WYFORD,

( e)

G unstone

L eics,

1 962,

c SK 7 3

1 0,

3 0,

N o.19;

a nd 1 964,

3 9.

9 k m S SW o f M elton M owbray.

( a) P ottery f ragments. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 109-1951). ( c) ( i) ( 537), f rom a n i ndeterminate u rn, 3 r ows o f i mpressed d ecoration. ( ii) ( 538), f rom a n i ndeterminate u rn, h orizontal r idge, d ecoration -h erringbone p attern. ( d) E ntered i n a ccession l ist i n 1 951 b ut i n M useum f or s ome y ears p reviously. ( e)

U LVERSCROFT P RIORY,

L eics,

c SK 5 02

8 k m S SW o f L oughborough.

1 27,

( a) S tone b attle a xe. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 44-1930). ( c) ( 13), l ength 1 2.8 c m , p art p erforated, L e 1 8, m arkfieldite.(d)Donated i n 1 930 b y M r.

J .A.Marston.

( e) R oe

1 966,

N o.103;

M oore a nd C ummins

1 974,

7 3.

U PPER H ADDON, D erbys -see G RIND L OW .

U PPER H ULME, S taffs, c SK 0 09 6 17, 6 k m N E o f L eek. ( a) U rn. ( b) L eek A rt G allery ( Nicholson I nstitute). 1 4.2 c m, r im d iameter 1 0.3 c m, i ncised p artly f illed, b etween a h orizontal l ine h orizontal l ine i mmediately b elow g roove b ody. ( d) F ound i n 1 882 w ith a c remation 2 1; G unstone 1 964, 2 5 ( Heathylee); L ongworth a nd G unstone 1 968.

U PPER H ULME,

( c)

( 526), h eight

d ecoration -c hevrons, s ome a bove a nd b elow o n ' collar'; o r n eck; h orizontal l ine o n b uria l. ( e) T NSFC 1 8(1884),

a nd

1 965,

3 9

( Heathylee

1 );

S taffs -see a lso T HE R OACHES.

U PPER O LDHAMS, n ear M iddleton, D erbys, c SK 1 64 6 25, 8 k m SW o f B akewell. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S CM ( J93.485). ( c) U nlooped ( 774), l ength 1 2.6 c m, p lain, f langes e xtend b elow s top r idge. ( d) F ound w hen p lanting i n 1 832. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 4, M 10; S CMCBC, 8 4.

U PPER T EAN,

S taffs,

c SK 0 1

3 9,

1 0 k m N W o f U ttoxeter.

( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) L ost. ( c) ( 469). ( d) 1 o f 2 u rns f ound i n 1 728 n ear M ajor A shby's h ouse a t O ver T ean. O ne a t l east w as w ith a c remation b urial.

( e)

S haw 1 798(2),

3 5 a nd P late A ,

f ig

1 6;

G unstone 1 964,

1 9.

4

N ear U TTOXETER,

S taffs,

c SK 0 9

3 3.

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 40-31). ( c) L ooped ( 789), l ength 1 5.4 c m, r aised d ouble ' V' m otif b elow s top r idge a nd p endant m idrib o n b lade. ( d) F ound i n l ate 1 9th C entury i n t he U ttoxeter d istrict. F ormerly i n t he c ollection o f M r. F .Redfern o f U ttoxeter, f rom w hich i t p assed t o t he c ollection o f M r. J .R.B.Masefield, b eing

2 50

p urchased b y t he M useum i n 1 931. ( e) R edfern 1 873, 2 66; 2 9, N o.13; a nd 1 964, 3 9; R owlands 1 976, 3 34, N o.912.

W AGGON L OW,

C ronkstone,

D erbys,

S K

16 6 48, 1

G unstone 1 962,

1 0 k m S E o f B uxton.

( a) F ood v essel a nd b ronze a wl. ( b) S CM. ( c) ( i) F ood v essel ( 565), ( SCM : J 93.832), h eight 1.7 c m, r im d iameter 1 4.2 c m, Y orkshire v ase, 2 g rooves, n o l ugs, i mpressed d ecoration -7 b ands o f v ertical s tabs a ll o ver; o blique l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) B ronze a wl ( 739), ( SCM : J 93.1106), l ength 3 .6 c m, s quare s ection a t m edian p oint. ( d) B arrow o pened b y T .Bateman o n 2 5 J une 1 852. F ood v essel f ound c lose t o a c remation b urial, a f lint a nd a b one i mplement i n a r ock c ut g rave. A wl f ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial a nd 3 f lint i mplements. ( e)Bateman 1 855, 9 9, N 186, a nd 2 7, G 275; a nd 1 861, 8 4-6; S CMCBC, 1 25 a nd 2 17; F owler 1 955, 1 09; M anby 1 957, 1 6, N o.A11; M arsden 1 977, 4 5 ( Hartington M iddle Q uarter

W ALL,

S taffs,

1 3).

c SK 0 9 0 6,

( a) B ronze p alstave. 1 720-31,

V ol 5 ,

5 1;

( b)

4 km SW o f L ichfield. L ost.

( c)

S haw 1 798(2),

( Not i llustrated). 3 1;

G unstone

1 964,

( d)

( e)

C ox

4 0.

W ARDLOW, D erbys -see A SHFORD I N T HE W ATER.

W ARDLOW

P ASTURE

B ARROW,

C auldon,

S taffs,

S K

0 89

4 69,

1 0

k m

W o f

A shbourne. ( a) P ottery f ragment a nd f lint. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 44-1971). ( c) ( i) R im s herd ( 659), i ndeterminate, p robably f rom a n u rn, r im d iameter c 18 c m, d ecoration -oblique i ncisions o n o utside a nd i nside o f r im ; c ircular i ndentations o n o utside b elow r im a nd o n b evel i nside r im. ( ii) F lint i mplement ( 206), l ength 5 .1 c m. ( iii) F lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead ( 240), l ength 3 .1 c m. ( d) B arrow e xcavated i n A pril 1 952 b y A .R.Mountford. F ragments o f p ottery, f lint a nd p ebbles f ound w ith c remation a t c entre. F lint a rrowhead a nd o ther f lint i mplements 6-8 . f ound i n b arrow. ( e) T NSFC 8 9(1954-5), 8

W ARDLOW Q UARRY, C auldon, S taffs, S K 0 854 4 727, 1 0 k m W o f A shbourne. ( a) C ollared u rn. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( 128.P.1958). ( c) ( 464), h eight 2 5.7 c m, r im d iameter 1 8.8 c m, i ncised d ecoration -filled t riangles o n c ollar; b and o f v ertical l ines a bove s houlder o n n eck; b and o f h orizontal s tabs b elow s houlder; n ear v ertical l ines o n b evel i nside r im. ( d) F ound w ith a c remation b urial. P resented i n 1 958 b y M essrs. R edfern a nd S ons, W ardlow Q uarry. ( e) G unstone 1 965, 3 8 ( Farley 5 ).

W ARSLOW ,

S taffs -see L ID

W ATERHOUSES,

S taffs,

( LETT)

c SK 0 8 5 0,

L OW.

1 0 k m N W o f A shbourne.

1 .(a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) B ritish M useum. ( c) ( 145) m ax d iameter 9 .6 c m, h our-glass p erforation. ( d) L abel: " Found n ear W aterhouses, S taffs. P urchased a t W aterhouses 1 867". ( e) G unstone 1 964, 49 .

2 51

2 .Bronze

s ocketed

a xe.

( b)

B ritish

M useum

( 73.6-2.19).

( c)

( 852)

,

l ength 1 0.0 c m , 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. ( d) F rom t he J .F.Lucas C ollection p urchased b y M useum i n 1 873. ( e . ) G unstone 1 964, 4 2.

W EDNESFIELD, W est M idlands, S J 9 4 0 0, 4 k m N E o f W olverhampton c entre. 1 .(a) 3 p ebble h ammers. ( b) P rivate p ossession. ( c) ( Not i llustrated), ( i) H our-glass p erforation, s andstone.

( ii) D iscoidal,

S t 22 /a h ( ex S .St 22 /a h ), h our-glass p erforation,

n ot

s ectioned,

S t 2 3/ah

( ex S S t

2 3/ah), n ot s ectioned, q uartzite g rit. ( iii) H our-glass p erforation S t 24 /ah ( ex S S t 24 /a h ), n ot s ectioned, g reywacke. ( d) F ound n ear A shmore L odge c 1924 a nd c 1957 a t c SJ 9 60 0 18, c SJ 9 57 0 26, a nd c SJ 9 60 0 18. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 4 2. 2 .(a)

B ronze

p alstave.

( b)

B irmingham M useum

( 17-71).

( c)

U nlooped

( 777), f ragment, l ength 1.4 c m, p lain, l ow f langed. ( d) F ound i n g arden o f 2 1 M ercer G rove, S J 9 509 0 148, b efore 1 961. P resented b y M rs. E .Griffiths. ( e) G unstone 1 964, 4 2; a nd 1 971, 5 0.

W ELBY,

L eics,

S K 7 23 2 14,

4 k m N W o f M elton M owbray.

( a) B ronze h oard. ( b) J WM , L eicester ( 1.IL.1919). ( c) 1 8 i tems - ( i) S ocketed a xe ( 849), l ength 1 0.5 c m, 3 v ertical d ecorative r ibs. ( ii) S ocketed a xe

( 858),

l ength

1 0.4

c m,

2 3 v ertical

i ndentations.

( iii)

S ocketed a xe ( 859), l ength 9 .3 c m, 4 v ertical i ndentations. ( iv) S word ( 876), f ragmentary, 4 p ieces, E wart P ark t ype; t he b lade, w hich i s l eaf-shaped w ith h ollow g rooves f lanking a m idrib s lightly c onvex i n s ection a nd w ith b evelled e dges, w as b roken b y b ending; t he s houlders a re u nevenly c onvex w ith 3 r ivet h oles e ach s ide, t he u ppermost b locked b y a n a ncient r epair w hich a ttempted t o r e-attach t he f lat, s traights ided h ilt b y m eans o f 2 s trengthening r ibs o n e ach f ace ( which w ere s ubsequently b roken a gain); a nd t here w ere a t l east 2 r ivet h oles i n t he h ilt. ( v) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, p egged s pearhead ( 891), l ength 2 0.7 c m . ( vi) B owl o f c ast b ronze ( 917), h eight 4 .3 c m, m ax d iameter 8 .25 c m, c arinated w ith 4 l ines o f f urrowing o n s houlder, e verted r im, h ollow b ase i nside t he r ing f oot. ( vii) T erminal m ounting ( 918), w hich m ay h ave e xtended o riginally, p erhaps s ymetrically, t o t wice i ts p resent w idth, h eight 3 .1 c m. ( viii) R ing w ith l oop a ttachment ( 920), w idth 3 .4 c m, b ody c ast o n a c lay c ore . ( ix) 5 d isc-slides ( 919), ( 921), ( 922), ( 923) a nd ( 924), h aving l ow , c onical b ody o rnament w ith c entral b oss o f 4 c oncentric r ings s urmounted b y a p ellet; e ach s lide etal s traps t urning b ack t o j oin a f lat r ing b elow, l eaving h aving 4 m 4 l ateral s lots w hich c ould c arry a s trap c rossing; d iameters r anging f rom 5 .8 t o 6 .1 c m. ( x) D isc-mount ( 925), c entral p erforation o pening t hrough a w ide c onical d epression a nd w ith 2 l oops o n t he r everse, d iameter 5 .7 c m. ( xi) 2 c ruciform h andle a ttachments ( 926) a nd ( 927), l ength 8 .9 c m, r inged h eads. ( xii) 2 s mall f ragments o f s heet b ronze. ( d) F ound i n 1 875 b y a f armer d igging f or g ravel, p robably i n a f ield k nown a s G ravel H ole F ield, M owbray, w hence p art o f t he

a nd t aken b y h im t o a f oundry a t M elton f ind w as r escued b y M r. W .S.Barnes f rom

b eing m elted d own. H is d aughter, M rs. 0 .C.Hart, d eposited t he r emaining o bjects o n i ndefinite l oan i n t he M useum i n 1 919. I nventaria A rchaeologica,

W ETTON,

E LDER B USH C AVE,

( e) P owell

1 950(2);

G B 2 4(1957).

S taffs,

S K 0 97 5 49,

2 52

1 1km NW o f A shbourne.

( a) Pottery f ragments. ( b) B uxton M useum. ( c) ( i) P ossible N eolithic s herd ( 308), i mpressed d ecoration. ( ii) B eaker s herds ( 403), i ndeterminate, 1 952.

c omb

d ecoration.

( e) F owler 1 955,

W ETTON H ILL B ARROW,

( d)

C ave

1 04; B ramwell

S taffs,

S K

e xcavated b etween

1 964;

1 06 5 63,

C larke 1 970,

1 935

a nd

4 96, N o.836F.

1 2 k m N W o f A shbourne.

( a) F ood v essel. ( b) S CM ( J93.809). ( c) ( 598), h eight 1 0.8 c m, r im d iameter 1.8 c m , 4 p erforated l ugs, n o g rooves, i ncised d ecoration -wide b and o f v ertical f luting b etween 3 h orizontal l ines a bove a nd b elow o n u pper p ortion; h erringbone p attern o n l ower p ortion; 2 r ows o f c ircular S .Carrington a nd

s tabs o n o n 2 4 M ay

s tag h orn

b evel i nside r im. ( d) B arrow r eopened b y 1 849. F ound w ith a n i nhumation b urial, f lint

i n a c ist.

( e)

B ateman

4 0; S CMCBC, 1 16-7; A bercromby 1 912, 1 09 a nd 1 20; M anby 1 957, 2 9, N o.C5;

W ETTON, M ILL PT C AVE, S taffs, ( a) B eaker a nd b arrel u rn. ( b)

1 855,

9 2,

N 104;

a nd

1 861,

1 39-

f ood v essel N o.225; F owler 1 955, G unstone 1 965, 5 7 ( Wetton 1 6).

S K 0 966 5 609, 1 3 k m N W o f A shbourne. B eaker -L ost. B arrel u rn -Stoke-on-

T rent M useum ( K112.1979) w ith f urther f ragment o f s ame u rn i n B irmingham M useum ( A.903.63). ( c) ( i) B eaker ( 346), h eight c 20 c m, r im d iameter c 18 c m, w avy r im, d ecoration -2 z ones o f v ertical f urrows b ounded a bove a nd s eparated a t s houlder b y p airs o f h orizontal f urrows. ( ii) B arrel u rn ( 665), h eight 4 4.7 c m, r im d iameter 3 5.5 c m, i rregular t humb g roove

b elow r im,

p lain,

2 p airs o f r ivet

h oles

f or r epair o f

a ncient b reak. ( d) C ave f irst e xamined i n 1 960 w hen u pper l evels r emoved a nd n othing f ound. I n 1 962 t he f illing w as d ug o ut, t hese 2 v essels b eing f ound, b ut t here i s n o r ecord o f a ny a ssociations, a lthough h uman r emains

w ere

d iscovered.

T he

u rn

( 665)

M useum ( 3-63) a nd i n 1 979 w as p assed R yder, L ongworth a nd G unstone 1 971.

W ETTON M ILL R OCK S HELTER,

S taffs,

w as

d onated

t o

t o S toke-on-Trent

S K 0 96 5 63,

S hugborough M useum .

( e)

1 3 k m N W o f A shbourne.

( a)Sponge f inger s tone, f lint, p ottery a nd b one. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum . ( c) ( i) S ponge f inger s tone ( 166), l ength 1 0.5 c m. ( ii) F lint t anged a rrowhead ( 242), l ength 2 .3 c m. ( iii) F lint b arbed a nd t anged a rrowhead ( 243), l ength 2 .2 c m. ( iv) F lint l eaf-shaped a rrowhead ( 248), l ength 2 .0 c m. ( v) F lint t anged, l eaf-shaped a rrowhead ( 251), l ength 2 .9 c m . ( vi) R im s herd ( 307), p lain, N eolithic, p robably P eterborough w are. ( vii) B eaker ( 313), h eight c 14 c m, r im d iameter c 11 c m, A OC t ype. ( viii) B eaker r im s herd ( 361), F P t ype, r usticated. ( ix) B eaker s herd ( 404), i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -2 b ands o f l attice p attern b etween p airs o f h orizontal l ines. ( x) C ollared u rn r im s herd ( 473), t wisted c ord d ecoration -h orizontal l ine w ith p endant v ertical l ines; l ozenge p attern b elow t hat. ( xi) W all s herd ( 539), i ndeterminate, p inched o ut c ordon, i ncised ( 957), e yed, l ength 1 0.4 c m. c m. ( xiv) B one b utton o r b ead o n e ach f ace. ( xv) B one f ish

r ectilinear d ecoration. ( xii) B one p in ( xiii) B one p in ( 958), e yed, l ength 1 2.6 ( 994), w idth 1 .54cm, f lat, ' V' p erfortion g orge ( 995), l ength 3 .5 c m. ( xvi) B one

c ylinder o r t oggle ( 996), l ength 2 .3 c m, m ax d iameter 1 .4 c m, h ollow . ( xvii) B one s patula ( 974), l ength 1 5.0 c m. ( xviii) B one s patula ( 975), l ength

1 6.0

c m.

( d)

C ave

e xcavated

b y

J .H.Kelly

o f

S toke-on-Trent

M useum i n t he e arly 1 970s. A ll i tems f ound a re i n t he M useum a nd t hey i nclude i n a ddition t o t he i tems r eferred t o, M esolithic, I ron A ge, R omano-British a nd M ediaeval a rtifacts.

2 53

( e) K elly

1 976.

W ETTON, T HOR'S A shbourne.

( FISSURE?)

C AVE,

S taffs,

S K

0 99

5 49,

1

k m

N W

o f

( a) B eaker f ragments a nd a mber b eads. ( b) B uxton M useum. ( c) ( i) B eaker f ragments ( 405), i ndeterminate, c omb d ecoration -l attice p attern a nd h orizontal l ines. ( ii) 6 a mber b eads o f w hich 3 i llustrated ( 928), ( 929) a nd ( 930), s ingle p erforation i n e ach. ( d) T hor's C ave r ee xcavated i n 1 864-5 b y S .Carrington a nd a djacent T hor's F issure C ave e xcavated i n 1 933-4. T hese i tems a re p robably f rom t he l atter. ( e) C arrington, 1 865; F owler 1 955, 1 07; G unstone 1 964, 4 3; C larke 1 970, 4 95, N o.831F.

W ETTON,

S taffs -see a lso G RATTON H ILL;

a nd T HREE L OWS.

W HITEGREAVE, S taffs, c SJ 8 9 2 8, 6 k m N W o f S tafford. ( a) B ronze s pearhead. ( b) L ost. ( c) S ocketed, l eaf-shaped, p egged ( 890). ( d) F ound b etween Y arlet a nd t he f oot o f P yrehill b efore 1 686. ( e) P lot

W HITMORE,

1 686,

4 04 a nd T able 3,

f ig 8 ;

G unstone

1 964,

4 4.

S taffs -s ee S HUTLANEHEAD.

W IGBER L OW,

K niveton,

D erbys,

S K 2 04 5 14,

5 k m N E o f A shbourne.

1 .(a) N eolithic p ottery f ragments. ( b) S CM . ( c) R im s herds ( 265), r im d iameter c 32 c m, M ildenhall t ype, d ecoration -r adial s trokes o n t op o f r im; b road v ertical f luting o n o utside; s ha low v ertical f luting o n i nside. ( d) ( e) 2 .(a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S CM ( 1978.176). ( a) L ooped ( 791), l ength idges c onverging b elow s top r idge. ( d) F ound 1 5.9 c m, d ecorated w ith 3 r pril w ith a m etal d etector 1 0 c m b elow s urface b y M r. M .Wildgoose o n 4A 1 978 a nd d onated b y h im. ( e)

W ILLENHALL,

W est M idlands,

c S0 9 6 9 8,

5 k m E o f W olverhampton.

( a) Bronze p alstave. ( b) S toke-on-Trent M useum ( K109.1979). ( 0) U nlooped ( 759), l ength 1 5.6 c m, i nverted s hield-shaped d epression b elow s top r idge. ( d) F ound c 1936 i n S tafford S treet, W illenhall, w hile l aying a g as m ain. D onated b y M rs. M .E.Knight t o S hugborough M useum ( 5-62) a nd p assed t o S toke-on-Trent M useum i n 1 979. ( e) G unstone 1 962,30, N o.20; a nd 1 964, 4 4.

W ILLINGTON, G RAVEL P IT, D erbys, c SK 2 8 2 9, 1 0 k m S W o f D erby. ( a) C ollared u rn a nd b ody s herd. ( b) D erby M useum ( 811-38). ( c) ( i) 465), h eight 1 4.5 c m, r im d iameter 1 0/14 c m , c omb C ollared u rn ( d ecoration -w ide b and o f c hevrons ( sideways) o n c ollar; o blique l ines o n n eck; d iagonal l ines o n b evel i nside r im. (i ody s herd ( 660), i i) B p art o f al arge t hick v essel, p robably f rom a n u rn, d ecoration -finger n ail i mpression a t r andom a nd t races o f p ossible v ertical i ncised l ines. ( d) B oth f ound w ith c remations i n W illington g ravel p it o n D erby t o B uton-upon-Trent r oad n ear a r ailway c rossing, ( 495) i n O ctober 1 938 a nd ( 676) i n N ovember 1 938. P resented b y W illington G ravels L td. ( e) D AJ 5 9(1938),

9 5;

P osnansky

1 956,

2 5 1 4

1 7.

W ILLINGTON,

B ARROWS

D erbys, B arrow o f D erby.

1a t

1A ND 4 A ND L ATE N EOLITHIC S ETTLEMENTS.

1A ND 2 ,

S K 2 88

1 0 k m S W

2 78 a nd B arrow 4 a t S K 2 86 2 77,

( a) S elected p ottery. ( b) D erby M useum . ( c) ( i) G rooved w are s herds ( 289), f rom a b arrel-shaped v essel, d ecoration -a pplied a rc a bove c ordon a nd p endant s tripes w ith o blique b etween, D urrington W alls s tyle. F rom F 16. ( 290) W alls

f inger n ail i mpressions ( ii) G rooved w are s herds

a nd ( 291), d ecoration -a pplied v ertical s tripes, D urrington s tyle. F rom F 16. ( iii) G rooved w are b ase ( 292), d ecoration -2

o blique g rooves, D urrington W alls s tyle.

F rom F 16.

( iv)

G rooved w are

b ase ( 293), d ecoration -i ncised o blique l ines, D urrington W alls s tyle. F rom F 16. ( v) R im a nd b ody s herds o f g rooved w are ( 294), d ecoration -4 h orizontal g rooves b elow r im ; w ide b and o f s emi-rectangular i mpressions; 4 h orizontal g rooves b elow ; v ertical i ncisions a nd a s ingle h orizontal g roove o n b evel i nside r im, C lacton s tyle. F rom F 368. ( vi) G rooved w are s herd ( 295), d ecoration h orizontal g rooves, C lacton s tyle. F rom F 374. ( vii) U rn f ragments ( 511), r im d iameter c 36 c m, d ecoration -t wisted c ord S t. A ndrew 's c rosses i n p anels s urrounded b y p airs o f h orizontal a nd v ertical l ines, c rosses b eing e mbellished b y maggot d ecoration, o n p ortion b etween r im a nd u pper c ordon; s imilar d ecoration o n a rea b etween u pper a nd l ower c ordon; o blique t wisted c ord l ines o n b evel i nside r im . ( d) B arrows a nd L ate N eolithic s ettlements e xcavated b y T rent V alley A rchaeological R esearch C ommittee i n 1 970-72. B eaker f ragments a nd 1 g rooved w are s herd w ere r ecovered f rom t he m ound o f B arrow 1 . L ate N eolithic S ettlement 1 i s S W o f B arrow 1 , a nd 7 g roups o f p ost h oles w ere u ncovered, G rimston w are, g rooved w are a nd b eaker s herds b eing v ariously r ecovered. L ate N eolithic S ettlement 2 i s W o f B arrow 4 , a nd i n a ddition t o 6p its a nd 6 p ost h oles, 1 s herd o f g rooved w are, b eaker f ragments a nd w orked f lint w ere f ound. N o E arly B ronze A ge f inds w ere m ade i n e ither B arrow 1 o r 4 .

( e) W heeler

N ear W INSTER,

1 972 a nd

D erbys,

1 979.

c SK 2 4 6 0,

( a) S tone a xe h ammer.

( b)

6 k m W o f M atlock.

B ritish M useum .

( c)

h our-glass p erforation, D b 2 41, G roup X V.(d) C ollection.(e) E vans 1 897, 1 98; R oe 1 979, 4 4,

W INSTER M OOR, 1 .(a)

D erbys,

P ebble h ammer.

c SK 2 4 6 0, ( b)

h our-glass p erforation. 2 .(a) B ronze p alstave.

l ength 2 0.3 o f

c m ,

t he J .F.Lucas

6 k m W o f M atlock.

B irchover M useum.

( c)

( d) M arked " EH.1935". ( b)

( 46), P art

S CM ( J93.487).

( 148),

l ength 9 .7 c m,

( e)

( c) U nlooped

( 754),

l ength

1 5.5 c m, s hield p attern. ( d) F ound o n W inster M oor i n 1 776. I n W hite W atson C ollection b efore p assing t o t he B ateman C ollection. ( e) B ateman 1 855,

7 3,

M l;

W IRKSWORTH,

S CMCBC,

D erbys,

8 4.

S K 2 98 5 44.

( a) B ronze p alstave a nd s ocketed a xe. ( b) D erby M useum ( L179-64). ( c) ( i) U nlooped p alstave ( 755), l ength 1 6.5 c m, s hield p attern. ( ii) ertical i ndentations. ( d) F ound S ocketed a xe ( 860), l ength 1.3 c m , 3v c 1900 d uring e xcavation o f t he f oundations o f " Fort H ouse", L ittle B ole H ill, W irksworth. N ot k nown w hether f ound t ogether o r s eparately. O n l oan f rom f ormer W irksworth U rban D istrict C ouncil s ince 1 964.

2 55

( e)

W ISTOW/ARNESBY, L eics, c SP 6 3 9 4, 1 k m S E o f L eicester. ( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 353.1965). ( c) U nlooped ( 776), l ength 1 5.1 c m, s hield/trident p attern w ith m idrib b elow s hield, l ow f langed. ( d) F ound i n d igging a d rain b etween W istow a nd A rnesby. Exhibited i n 1 891 b y R ev J .Hirst t o t he R oyal A rchaeological I nstitute o f G reat B ritain a nd I reland. P resented b y M r. J .Fewkes t o R atcliffe C ollege, L eics, w hich i n t urn d onated i t t o t he M useum i n 1 965. ( e) A rchaeological J ournal 4 8(1891), 1 91 4.

W ITHERLEY H ALL, ( a)

L eics,

S P

c m, 2 d eepish c up marks. o utcrops i n t he N uneaton may

3 2

S tone w ith c up m arks.

n ot

b e

W itherley

l ocal

b ut

H all,

9 7,

( b)

2 k m S E o f A therstone.

P rivate p ossession.

( c)

( 1014),

5 3 x 5 1

C oarse g rained d iorite o f w hich t here a re d istrict a nd C harnwood F orest. However, i t

a g lacial

f ormerly

e rratic.

t he

R ectory,

( d)

F ound

d uring

i n

t he

a r ockery 1 970s.

I t

a t w as

d iscovered a long w ith m ediaeval s tone w ork o f t he c hancel o f t he v illage c hurch,

t he c hancel h aving b een d emolished i n t he 1 9th C entury.

W OLVERHAMPTON, 9 86.

G rammar S chool,

C rompton L ane,

W est

M idlands,

( e)

S O

9 00

( a) S tone s hafthole a dze. ( b) B irmingham M useum. ( c) F ragment ( 108), l ength 9 .0 c m, h our-glass p erforation, S t 4 /a h ( ex S S t 4 /a h ), G roup X V.

( d) F ound i n 1 895. T ransferred f rom W olverhampton Museum ( Catalogue

No.160)

t o B irmingham M useum.

4 4,

1 979,

R oe

W OLVERHAMPTON A REA, 1 3.4

f langed.

S hotton

W est M idlands,

( a) Bronze p alstave. l ength

( e)

1 959,

1 39,

G unstone

1 964,

4 6.

c m,

c S0 9 1

9 8.

( b) B irmingham M useum ( 4'48-9).

l oop m issing,

t rident

( c) L ooped ( 786),

p attern b elow

s top

r idge,

l ow

( d) A ccording t o t he d onor, M r. R .W .Crossland, i t w as o btained

b y h is b rother i n t he W olverhampton a rea.

T he b rassfounder s aid t hat

t he o riginal h ad b een f ound n earby a nd t hat h e h ad c ast s everal c opies, u sing a n a lloy h e h ad made u p t o match t he o riginal. T hese c opies a nd t he o riginal h ad s ubsequently b ecome m ixed u p, a nd t he s pecimen i n t he Museum may t herefore b e a c ast.

W OLVERHAMPTON,

P arkfields,

( e)

R owlands

West M idlands,

3 34,

1 976,

S O 9 21

No.914.

9 63.

( a)

Bronze h aft f langed a xe. ( b) B irmingham M useum ( 1059-69). ( 799), l ength 1 3.1 c m, w ell d eveloped, s lightly c urved f langes,

s top r idge, p lain. a w ater p ipe a t

W OLVERHAMPTON, c entre. ( a) Bronze G unstone

( d) F ound i n O ctober 1 969 w hen d igging a t rench f or

d epth o f c 90 c m.

n ear

W OLVERHAMPTON, ( d)

( b)

( e)

W est

L ost.

G unstone

M idlands,

( c)

( Not

1 971,

c SJ

4 8.

9 2

0 2,

i llustrated).

4 k m N o f ( d)

( e)

4. 4

F inchfield,

( a) Bronze p alstave. b roken.

B ushbury,

p alstave.

1 964,

( c) l ow

West M idlands,

( b) Lost.

( c)

c S0 8 85 9 78.

( Not i llustrated),

l ooped b ut l oop

( e) A ntiquaries J ournal 2 0(1940), 6 4, Gunr,t one 1 964, 4.

2 56

W OLVEY, ( a)

W arwicks,

B ronze

c SP

w inged

4 3 8 8,

a xe.

( b)

6 k m S o f H inckley. L ost.

( c)

( Not

i llustrated),

w ith

s top

r idge. ( d) F ound i n 1 864 w hile d igging d rains, a nd e xhibited b y M .H.Bloxham t o t he S ociety o f A ntiquaries o f L ondon o n 1 M ay 1 865. ( e)

P SAL,

2 nd S eries,

3 (1864-7),

1 29;

T homas

1 974,

3 7.

W OODHOUSE E AVES, L eics, c SK 5 3 1 4, 6 k m S o f L oughborough. ( a) P ebble h ammer. ( b) J WM, L eicester ( 467-1971). ( c) ( 146),

l ength

9 .4 c m , h our-glass p erforation. ( d) F ound i n 1 909 o r e arlier b y d onor's g randfather w hile w orking l and i n t he P arish. P resented b y M rs. M .Black i n 1 971. ( e)

W ROTTESLEY, ( a)

S taffs,

B ronze p alstave.

c S0 8 55

9 86,

6 k m W o f W olverhampton.

( b) B ritish M useum ( WG

1 846).

( c)

L ooped

( 790),

l ength 1 3.3 c m, s hield/trident p attern w ith i ncipient m idrib b elow t he s hield, p ronounced s top r idge. ( d) ( e) G unstone 1 964, 4 5.

W YKEN H ALL F ARM,

L eics,

S P 4 075 9 500,

( a) F ragment o f p erforated ( 164), l ength 3 .5 c m . ( d)

Y OULGREAVE, D erbys, c SK 2 1 1 .Mill F ield, c SK 2 1 6 4.

2 k m N W o f H inckley.

w hetstone. ( e)

6 4,

( b)

P rivate

p ossession.

( c)

4 k m S o f B ak well.

( a) B ronze f lat a xe. ( b) S CM ( J93.476). ( c) ( 693), l ength 1 2.4 c m, n arrow b utt, p lain. ( d) F ound i n 1 848. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 6, M 58; S CMCBC, 8 2; F owler 1 955, 1 13. 2 .River B radford,

c SK 2 1

6 4.

( a) B ronze p alstave. ( b) S CM ( J93.491). ( c) U nlooped ( 773), l ength 1 7.2 c m, n o d ecoration b ut v ertical a n s o n b lade. ( d) F ound c lose t o t he R iver i n 1 843. ( e) B ateman 1 855, 7 5, M 15; S CMCBC, 8 4. 3 .Bleakley D yke,

S K 2 16

6 34.

( a) C up m arked s tone. ( b) S CM. ( c) ( 1015), 5 9 c m x 3 9 c m ; 2 1, p ossibly 2 2, c up m arks o n o ne f ace; a t l east 2 c up m arks o n o ther f ace, w hich i s w orn. ( d) F ound i n t he b ed o f t he s tream b y M r. L .B.Cooper i n 1 978 a nd o n l oan t o t he M useum.

( e)

2 57

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B ASED U PON T HE ORDNA .NCE S URVEY M AP W ITH T HE PERMISSION O F T HE C ONTROLLER O F H ER MAJ E STY •S S TATIONERY O FF ICE , C ROWN C OPYRIGHT R ESERVED

2 92

1

2

4

5

6

1M iddleton, n ear Y oulgreave, ( Field n ear B uddies), D erbys; 2 L ong E aton C emetery, D erbys; 3 S tonton W yville, L eics; 4 L eigh, S taffs ; taffs; 6 S hutlanehead, n ear W hitmore, 5 Newcastle-under-Lyme, S S taffs. S cale: 1 ( 1/3); r est ( 1/2).

2 93

7 8

9 1 0

1

1 2

7B elper , C harnwood A venue, D erbys; 8 A mbion H ill, S utton C heney , L eics; 9 C aldon L ow, S taffs; 1 0 D erby o r D erbyshire; 1 S tandlow , D erbys; 1 2 T hirkelow, D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2. 2 94

1 4

1 3

1 6

1 5

1 8

1 7

1 3 U lverscroft P riory, L eics; 1 4 C arder L ow, n ear H artington, D erbys; 1 5 O dstone H all, M arket B osworth, L eics; 1 6 P arsley H ay ( Parcelly H ay), H artington, D erbys; 1 7 T hrowley, S taffs; 1 8 B etley, S taffs. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

2 95

2 0

1 9

2 2

2 1

2 3

2 4

1 9 S taffordshire, p ossibly D ove V alley ( Uttoxeter?); 2 0 S toke-onT rent, H anley, C harles S treet; 2 1 K enslow, M iddleton, D erbys; 2 2 S tanton M oor , D erbys; 2 3 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 6, D erbys ; 2 4 T hurlaston, L eics. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

2 96

2 5

2 6

2 7

2 8

2 9

3 0

3 1

3 2

2 5 B ranston, L eics ; 2 6 B orrowash, D erbys; . 2 7 A mbergate, n ear B at H ouse C ave, D erbys ; 2 8 Hartshill, W arwicks ; 2 9 S heldon M oor , Derbys ; 3 0 P ikehall, Hartington, D erbys; 3 1 H ambleton, L eics; 3 2 A ldwark, C urzon L odge, D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

2 97

3 3

3 4

3 5

3 7

3 6

3 9

3 8

4 0

3 S toke-on-Trent, T rentham, S taffs; 3 4 Hungry B entley, D erbys; 3 5 C auldon, S taffs; 3 6 H itter H ill B arrow , n ear E arl S terndale, 7 Hopton, S taffs; 3 8 L ong E aton , B redon S treet, D er ive; D erbys; 3 3 9 G lenhills, L eics; 4 0 S tone, S taffs. S cale: 3 ( 1/2); r est ( 1/4). 2 98

4 2

4 1

4 4

4 3

4 6

4 5

4 7

/

I

4 8

4 9

•

•

5 0

4 1 C hartley, n ear S towe, S taffs; 4 2 B etween T horpe, D erbys, a nd 3 Fradley, Edwards Farm, S taffs; 4 4 H ognaston, I lam, S taffs; 4 D erbys; 4 5 Matlock/ Darley Dale, Derbys; 4 6 N ear W inster , Derbys; 4 7 Drakelow, R oyale F arm, Derbys; 4 8 L eicester , L eicester C emetery, W elford R oad; 4 9 Tamworth, S taffs; 5 0 T ittensor , S taffs. S cale: a ll

1 /4. 2 99

. , . . . .. .

:

(>* :

.. ' . : :

G oe . : : ? :

. ••

. : " -. 77 .7 1-7 . • :: . ' • • ' . • i

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5 2

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.• 1. .» .1: .-.-.. . . ." • :• : .i . : :' ' .• ' • , i. .•:;* .: . i, .* . ,: .' , : . :. ,: ::•.•• ,.. . % :' . : . 1 , . 4 . :, . . 2"

5 1

,

5 3

5 4

5 5

5 6

S tanton M oor ( 1833), D erbys;

5 2 C hartley, n ear S towe,

S taffs;

5 3 Near L eek, S taffs; 5 4 Allenton, Derby 's; 5 Harthill M oor , Y oulgreave, D erbys; 5 6 Near S tone, S taffs. S cale: a ll 1 /4. 3 00

5 8

5 7

6 1

6 0

6 2

6 4

6 3

5 9

6 5

5 7 S tanton M oor ( 18th c entury), D erbys; 5 8 B iddulph, S taffs; 5 9 T alke, B unkers H ill C olliery, S taffs; 6 0 T he R oaches, n ear U pper H ulme, S taffs; 6 1 B lythe M arsh, n ear F orsbrook , S taffs; 6 2 T ompkin, n ear B agnall, S taffs; 6 3 B arrow-on-Soar , L eics ; 6 4 B iddulph, M oody S treet F arm, S taffs; 6 5 B irchover M oor , D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /4. 3 01

6 7 6 6

6 8

7 0

6 9

7 2

3 7

6 6 Fairoak, near Ashley, S taffs; 6 7 K ing 's N orton, B irmingham, W / l ids; 6 8 L eicestershire?; 6 9 L ittleover , D erbys; 7 0 S infin, D erbys; 7 1 S tanton M oor , D erbys; 7 2 S tirchley, B irmingham , WM ids ; 7 3 S tone, C old N orton F arm, S taffs; 7 4 S winscoe, C ommon E nd F arm, S taffs.

S cale:

a ll

1 /4.

3 02

7 1

7 4

7 5

7 6

7 8

7 7

7 9

8 1

8 0

8 2

7 5 S wynnerton, S taffs; 7 6 a nd 8 2 A ldwark, C urzon L odge, D erbys; 7 B eeby, L eb e; 7 8 a nd 8 0 S hacklow, A shford i n t he W ater , D erbys; 7 9 Hamstall R idware, S taffs; 8 1 H anchurch H ills, S wynnerton, S taffs; 8 3 B rassington M oor , D erbys. S cale: 7 5 t o 7 8 ( 1/2 .7) ; 7 9 ( unknown); r est 1 /2. 3 03

8 4

8 7

8 5

8 8

9 1

8 9

9 2

9 0

9 3

8 4 B arr B eacon, n ear S utton C oldfield , W M ids ; 8 5 B readsall, D erbys; 8 6 N ear C hesterfield, D erbys; 8 7 C heddleton, S taffs ; 8 8 A rbor L ow, D erbys; 8 9 B eeley M oor , D erbys; 9 0 N ewhaven, D erbys; 3 9 1 C averswall, S taffs; 9 2 S wynnerton, C ommon L ane, S taffs ; 9 H art H ill M oor , Y oulgreave, D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 04

9 5 9 6 9 4

9 7

9 8

9 4 O ckbrook/ S outh D erbyshire; 9 5 S tanton M oor ( 1859), D erbys; 9 6 A ldwark , C urzon L odge, D erbys; 9 7 L iffs L ow B arrow, B iggin, D erbys; 4 t o 9 6 ( 1/2); 9 7 a nd 9 8 ( 2/3). 9 8 Q uarnford, S taffs. S cale: 9 3 05

9 9

1 00

1 03

1 0 1

1 04

9 9 M iddleton, C orn M ill B ridge, D erbys; 1 00 K enslow F arm, M iddleton, D erbys; 1 01 S craptoft, L eics ; 1 02 A lton, R ibden, S taffs ; 1 03 N orton-in-the-Moors, S taffs; 1 04 S tone, C old N orton F arm , S taffs. S cale: a ll 1 /2. 3 06

1 05

4

. .

• • • •• ;• : ; :

;

1 07

1 09

10

1 1

1 05 A rbor L ow, D erbys; 1 06 E densor , n ear C hatsworth, D erbys; 1 07 P otters M arston, L eics ; 1 08 W olverhampton, G rammar S chool, C rompton L ane, W M ids; 1 09 D erby; 1 10 S tone, N orton F arm, S taffs; 11 T hurmaston, S axon C emetery S ite, H umberstone L ane, L eics. S cale: a ll 1 /2. 3 07

12

14

16

15

1 12 A cton T russell, S taffs; 1 13 A nstey, L eics; 1 14 N ear B elper , D erbys; 1 15 B irchover, B arn F arm, Derbys; 1 16 B ottesford, L eies ( Provenance d oubtful). S cale: 1 15 ( 2/3); r est ( 1/2).

3 08

1 23 1 17 B rassington M oor , D erbys; 18 B runtingthorpe, L eics; 19 C hartley P ark, n ear S towe, S taffs; 1 20 C headle, C oneygreave Farm, S taffs ; 1 21 C hellaston, D erbys; 1 22 E arl S hilton, L eics; 1 23 D unton B assett, L eics. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 09

1 25

1 24

1 27

1 28

•% . •

1 30

.

%

1 26

1 29

•/ / 1

. •

••

.

. 1 ` 1« .* " .:' . •.• ./ . • • • . •‘ ' . • . • :, >V!. • •. . . . • . . •:/ • • • • . . ,,; ' :e : •. . : •: ' , : •. . , * • - :• ; .: ‘ •. • • . : . ;• ••• . . . . •: .r : . : ; '' . : . :-. ;‘ • •;. :" . i) . "; :, '1 ;\ :. ? : • : .: .;

1 3 1

. : •;'•• . • ••• • . .: . , / . :%1 7 . 1',1 ; .• , 11 .4 ,V ; : • ,;»

1 32

1 24 E lton, G ratton F arm, D erbys; 1 25 G reat W yrley, B loxwich R oad , S taffs; 1 26 G reat B arr , S t M argaret's H ospital, W M ids; 1 27 L eicester , B ath S treet; 1 28 H artington M oor F arm, D erbys ; 1 29 I pstones, D erbys; 1 30 H opton, D erbys; 1 31 H ednesford, S taffs; 1 32 L eicester , B each D rive. S cale: 1 24 ( 2/3); 1 27 ( 1/3); r est ( 1/2). 3 10

1 33

1 37

1 39

1 38 1 33 L eicestershire; 1 34 L eicester , W harf S treet; 1 35 M iddleton, G arratt P iece, n ear Y oulgreave, D erbys; 1 36 N elson H all, n ear E ccleshall, S taffs; 1 37 O adby, L eics; 1 38 S taffordshir e; 1 39 P enkridge, B ull B ridge, S taffs; 1 40 P erry C ommon, S hort H eath, B irmingham, W M ids. S cale: 1 36 ( 2/3); r est ( 1/2).

3 11

1 42

1 44

•

1 46

•

. •• •\

/

.

•

•

vt ;e ' : . ; ; • : • ?A ' .5 3 , 4 7 . ' ' W . • y

e

1 47

1 41 R atby, M artinshaw W ood, L eics; 1 42 S toke-on-Trent, S helton B ar , S taffs; 1 43 S taunton H arold, L eics ; 1 44 S tone, C old N orton F arm, S taffs; 1 45 W aterhouses, S taffs; 1 46 W oodhouse E aves , L eics; 1 47 S winford, S tanford H all, L eics; 1 48 W inster M oor , D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2. 3 12

1 50 1 49

1 5 1

1 53

1 54

1 49 G rindon, S taffs; 1 50 H igh C ross F arm, H igh C ross, L eics; 1 51 B elow M inninglow H ill, D erbys; 1 52 E arl S hilton, L eics; 1 53 T ittesworth R eservoir , n ear L eek, S taffs; 1 54 G alley L ow, B rassington, D erbys. S cale: 1 49 ( 1/1); 1 50, 1 51 a nd 1 53 (2/3) ; 1 52 a nd 1 54 ( 1/2).

3 13

1 56

1 55

1 57

1 59

1 58

1 6 1

1 64

•

1 60

1 63

1 62

1 65

1 55 M onyash M oor , D erbys; 1 56 L arks L ow, n ear M iddleton, D erbys; 1 57 L ockington, L eics; 1 58 B arrow b elow M inninglow, D erbys; 1 59 N ear A rbor L ow, D erbys; 1 60 B irchover , B arn F arm, D erbys; 1 61 N ear B urton-upon-Trent, S taffs; 1 62 H ungry B entley, D erbys; 1 63 F ox H ole C ave, H igh W heeldon, D erbys; 1 64 W yken H all F arm, n ear H inckley, L eics; 1 65 K enslow, M iddleton, D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 14

1 66

1 67

1 68

1 70

[ 7 2 .. . 1

I

I

I '

• : *

1 71

1 69

1 73

1 66 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs ; 1 67 A ston-on-Trent, D erbys; 1 68 A leck ( Elk) L ow, D erbys; 1 69 C ossington S ite ? , L eics; 1 70 S tanton M oor ( 1889), D erbys; 1 71 S tanton M oor ( 1848), D erbys; 1 72 A rbor L ow, D erbys; 1 73 C auldon, S taffs. S cale: 1 66, 1 71 a nd 1 73 ( 1/2); 1 67 t o 1 70 ( 1/1.4); 1 72 ( 1/3). 3 15

1 76

1 74

1 75

4

, 4

l b

M y '

-0 1 1 1 1 1 a›

1 78

1 77

1 74 a nd 1 75 L iffs L ow B arrow, B iggin, D erbys; 1 77 C liffe Hall, S tanton-underBardon, L eics; M oor, D erbys;

1 79 N oseley,

L eics.

S cale:

3 16

a ll

1 79

1 76 A rbor L ow, D erbys; 1 78 G reen L ow, A lsop 1 /2.

1 80

1

1 8 1

1 82

1 84

1 85

1 87

1 88

1 83

1 86

1 89

1 90

1 9 1

1 92

1 80 N etherlow, C helmorton, D erbys; 1 81 N ear A rbor L ow, D erbys, 1 82 a nd 1 83 L iffs L ow B arrow, B iggin, D erbys; 1 84 A leck ( Elk) L ow, D erbys; 1 85 A rbor L ow, D erbys; 1 86 t o 1 88 B eeley M oor , H arland E dge, P it 2 , D erbys; 1 89 a nd 1 90 B eeley M oor , Harland E dge, D erbys; 1 91 a nd 1 92 C ossington S ite 2 , L eics. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 17

1 94

1 93

1 97

1 96

1 95

1 98

2 00

1 99

2 01

2 04

2 03

2 02

2 05

2 06

2 07

1 93 C ossington S ite 2 , L eics; 1 94 E lton M oor , D erbys; 1 95 G reen L ow, A lsop M oor , D erbys; 1 96 t o 1 98 L ockington, L eics; 1 99 M ouse L ow, D eepdale, S taffs; 2 00 R usden L ow, M iddleton, D erbys; 2 01, 2 02 a nd 2 05 R yestone ( Roystone) G range, D erbys; 2 03 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 B , D erbys; 2 04 C alling L ow D ale, D erbys; 2 06 W ardlow P asture B arrow, C auldon, S taffs; 2 07 A rbor L ow, D erbys. S cale: 2 05

( 2/3);

r est

( 1/2). 3 18

2 09

2 08

2 14

2 15

2 12

2 19

22 2

2 1 2

2 33

20 2

23 2

29 2

28 2

2 34

2 13

2 17

2 16

2 18

27 2

2 11

2 10

25 2

24 2

2 31

2 30

2 35

2 36

26 2

2 32

2 37

2 38

2 08 t o 2 10, 2 17 a nd 2 22 Arbor L ow, D erbys; 2 11 t o 2 13 a nd 2 18 N ear D ow L ow, E arl S terndale, D erbys; 2 14 Galley L ow, D erbys; 2 15 a nd 2 32 L ean L ow, D erbys; 2 16 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 G, D erbys; 2 19 a nd 27 t o 2 31 Green L ow, A lsop M oor , Derbys; 2 20 H ollington H ill, 2 D erbys; 2 21 R yestone ( Roystone) Grange, D erbys; 2 23 t o 2 26 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, D erbys; 2 33 a nd 2 34 L ockington, L eics; 2 35 t o 2 38 M ouse L ow, D eepdale,

S taffs.

S cale: 3 19

2 19 a nd 2 21

( 1/2);

r est

( 2/3).

2 40

2 39

2 44

2 45

2 46

2 49

2 50

2 5 1

2 54

2 53

2 56

2 43

2 42

2 4 1

2 57

2 47

2 48

2 52

2 55

2 58

2 39 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 7C, D erbys; 2 40 W ardlow Pasture B arrow, C auldon, S taffs; 2 41 S tanton M oor B arrow 5 7 ; 2 42 , 2 43 , 248 a nd 2 51 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; 2 44 a nd 2 49 Arbor L ow , D erbys; 2 45 A rbor H ill, S taffs; 2 46, 2 53 a nd 2 57 B eeley M oor, H arland E dge, D erbys; 2 47 L iffs L ow B arrow, B iggin, D erbys; 2 50 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, D erbys; 2 52 H ungry B entley B arrow, Derbys; 55 B eeley M oor, Triple 2 54 R yestone ( Roystone) G range, D erbys; 2 C airn, D erbys; 2 56 L ean L ow, D erbys; 2 58 S tanton M oor, D erbys. 55 t o 2 57 ( 1/2); r est ( 2/3). S cale: 2 320

2 60

2 59

2 62

2 6 1

2 63

2 64

1 2 66

2 65

267

2 68

I l k Y V \ N

1 !.

2 69

p r . pr e p :e t :re t e rtme n t w ep r e re ee v .4 5 t e p .e. . . . m ee e # ee

2 7 1

2 59 a nd 2 60 A ston-on-Trent, A ston B arrow 1 , D erbys; 2 61 a nd 2 66 t o 2 69 A stonhill, n ear M inninglow, D erbys; 2 62 t o 2 64 Green L ow, A ldwark, D erbys; 2 65 W igber L ow, n ear K niveton, D erbys; 2 70 C alling L ow Dale, D erbys; 2 71 F ox H ole C ave, H igh W heeldon, D erbys. S cale: 2 60 ( 1/4); r est ( 1/2). 3 21

2 74 2 75

2 74

2 73

2 77

2 79

• ,•

2 80

e

l 2 8 1 l

2 76

* WW I >

2 72 t o 2 75 a nd 2 77 F ox H ole C ave, H igh W heeldon, D erbys; 2 76 L iffs L ow B arrow, B iggin, D erbys; 2 78 t o 2 81 S tenson, D erbys; 2 82 M elbourne, D erbys.

S cale: a ll

1 /2.

3 22

2 84

2 85

2 86

2 87

2 88

2 90

2 89

2 83 a nd 2 84 R ains C ave, D erbys; 2 88 Green L ow, A ldwark, D erbys; S cale:

2 83 a nd 2 84

( unknown);

2 9 1

2 85 E lton C ommon, D erbys; 2 86 t o 2 89 t o 2 93 W illington, D erbys.

r est

3 23

( 1/2).

2 95

2 94

2 96

1

2 97

3 00

3 0 1

3 05

3 04

1

3 03

3 02

3 07

306

3 08

3 11

3 10

2 94 a nd 2 95 W illington, D erbys; 2 96, 2 97 a nd 3 10 F ox H ole C ave, H igh W heeldon, D erbys; 2 98 B irchover , R owtor R ocks, D erbys; 2 99 t o 3 01 S warkestone B arrow 4 , D erbys; 3 02 t o 3 06 H arborough C ave, D erbys; 3 07 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; 3 08 W etton, E lder B ush C ave, S taffs; 3 09 R ains C ave, D erbys; 3 11 S hacklow, A shford i n t he W ater , D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2. 3 24

3 12 . 7-1 7 . •1 1 'e -

\\ \\ \ V 0

3 13

3 14

e ee

I I

0 \

I I

_ J L____L____

3 15

3 17

3 18

3 19

3 12 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, D erbys; 3 13 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; 3 14 a nd 3 17 G laston S andpit, L eics; 3 15 a nd 3 16 A stono n-Trent, A ston B arrow 1 , D erbys; 3 18 a nd 3 19 S meeton W esterby, S meeton H ill, L eics. S cale: 3 12 a nd 3 14 ( 1/2); 3 13 a nd 3 18 (2/ 5); r est ( 1/3). 3 25

3 20

3 2 1

3 23

3 24

3 25

3 20 S toke-on-Trent, N ormacot S andpit, S taffs; 3 21 L illington , n ear L eamington S pa , W arwicks ( or M eriden, W M ids); 3 22 B elow M inninglow, D erbys; 3 23 M eriden, W M ids ( or L illington); 3 24 G reen L ow, A lsop M oor , D erbys ; 3 25 H addon F ield, n ear B akewell, D erbys : 3 26 P robably L eicestershire ( Melton M owbray?); 3 27 R ocester , S taffs; 3 28 S tanshope, R amscroft F ield, S taffs. S cale : a ll 1 /3. 3 26

g e/ 42 M . . 2 .r el NE ( &I‘ T :« t s ZWRX . k

› w zy

7 3

.

3 29

3 1 3

z . f i li e nye z ie 4e m, 29 ; f : ; e 1 , »

l e me em em z eug tez m u -

te :A .q iea l z : e V .Z .

Vi

Ai t •, , . • • . > • . : • • • e > , > . 1 1

VA, 7 4

t • e

4 .r . “ 1 4 • . /CJ, .72 - 7e

• •• •: -• ,

; ' •▪: • ") .> . • «I fk t .2 1 ) 22 t . t a .

%

z , ; te ree

\ ‘ ' e 7

•

3 32

A .

. /334

opTre i l iF e k e d e

10 t ,

M4 s ,

1 01 \41

•

e 1 0i s

e i g in in c iw ame L E T IMIE M M IT 4M i t *1 191 . 1 331 •

. ! m y k ie z e ir • y n t r ibu ymv % 3 36 3 29 S tanshope, R amscroft F ield, S taffs; 3 30 C astern, S taffs ; 3 31 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, D erbys; 3 32 M ouse L ow, D eepdale, S taffs; 3 3 N orth K ilworth, L eics; 3 4 Noseley, Leics; 3 5 Rusden Low, M iddleton, D erbys; 3 36 S liper L ow, B rassington, D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /3. 3 27

3 37

3 38

e . .ke ee cg i cx .k ie eei p ; ktr

. " .

i c ' e a de ce g ik , V A il A N CAVI r i 9 ce t ice v i ce se e. c e i teekke t r k e c i kk 4 Fee rk 5

3 42

3 44

37 S merrill M oor , M iddleton, D erbys ; 3 38 K nipton , L eics; 3 9 Near D ow L ow, E arl S terndale, D erbys; 3 40 S tanshope, R amscroft F ield, S taffs; 3 41 T op L ow, S winscoe, S taffs; 3 42 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, 43 H arston, L eics; 3 44 S hacklow , A shford i n t he W ater , D erbys, 3 D erbys. S cale: 3 40 ( unknown); r est ( 1/3). 3 28

3 45

«. 0

0. 0 . 4 1 1 m

0 0 .0 . 0

0 , .0 0

0

. •

• • 0 00 1 • ma m

1 . 4 1.1 e .0

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f a 0 . 0. 1b 0

0 1 000 0 0 , 0 0

m

0

y

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0 . 0; 0 0 .0 1 0 .4 0•0 0310 1 1 . .p. 0 10 M

M

0 ,4 ,

M M M M M

'

3 5 1

3 52

3 52

3 45 S taker H ill, B uxton, D erbys ; 3 46 W etton, M ill P ot C ave, S taffs; 3 47 A leck ( Elk) L ow, H artington, D erbys; 3 48 a nd 3 51 R usden L ow , 49 C alling L ow, M iddleton, D erbys; 3 50 Ham M iddleton, D erbys; 3 T ops L ow, I lam M oor , S taffs; 3 52 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, D erbys. 3 45 t o 3 47 ( 1/3); r est ( 1/2). 3 29

S cale:

I

3 53

3 55

3 57

3 56

3 57 3 58

3 59

3 59 3 6 1

3 62 3 63

3 53 and 3 55 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, Derbys . ; 3 54 Kenslow, Derbys; 3 56 57 Crackendale Pasture, Bakewell, Derbys; G laston S andpit, L eics; 3 59 Calling Low, Middleton, 3 58 R usden L ow, M iddleton, D erbys; 3 6 1 Wetton Mill R ock D erbys; 3 60 T hree L ows, W etton, S taffs; 3 S helter , S taffs; 3 62 S warkestone B arrow 4 , Derbys; 30 R yestone ( Roystone) G range, D erbys. S cale: 3 60 ( unknown); r est ( 1/2). 3 30

3 64

3 66

3 67

3 66

3 68

3 69

;

3 70

3 7 1 3 73

3 72

3 76

3 80

3 74

3 78

3 77

3 8 1

3 75

3 79

3 82

3 64 a nd 3 66 S warkestone B arrow 4 , Derbys; 3 65 a nd 3 83 H am M oor ( Large B arrow), S taffs; 3 67 S tenson, D erbys; 3 68 Deepdale, S taffs; 3 69 t o 3 71 E lton M oor, D erbys; 3 72 t o 3 76 F ox H ole C ave, H igh 77 t o 3 81 Green L ow, A ldwark, Derbys; 3 82 W heeldon, D erbys; 3 H arborough C ave, D erbys. S cale: 3 65, 3 68, 3 72 a nd 3 83 ( unknown); 3 67, 3 73 , 3 74 , 3 75 a nd 3 81 ( 1/1); 3 71 a nd 3 76 ( 2/3); r est ( 1/2). 3 31

3 84

3 84

• 1 • 1

3 84

1 1 1 .

3 85

386

3 88

387

1

3 89

3 92

3 91

3 93

394

h i

394

me tL7

3 95

3 84 One A sh,

3 91

390

L athkill D ale, D erbys; 3 85 L ockington, L eics; 3 86 t o S hacklow, A shford i n t he W ater , D erbys ; 3 92 t o 3 95 S tenson,

D erbys.

S cale:

3 85

( 2/3);

3 92 t o 3 94 ( 1/1); r est ( 1/2). 3 32

3 96

3 98

3 99

4 00

4 0 1

4 0 1

4 02

4 03 404

4 05

3 96 S toop, H igh E dge, D erbys; 3 97 t o 4 00 S warkestone B arrow 4 , D erbys; 4 01 T horpe C loud, D ovedale, D erbys; 4 02 T hurmaston, L eics; 4 03 W etton, E lder B ush C ave, S taffs; 4 04 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; 4 05 W etton, T hor 's C ave, S taffs. S cale: 3 9 ( unknown); r est

( 1/2).

33

\ NN%\ \NYONVV .

t/ M ee Mit

4 06

r e e

\ \\\\\\ 7

4 09

4 06 B eeley M oor , H arland E dge, D erbys; 4 07 E arl S hilton, L eics; 4 08 G laston S andpit, L eics ; 4 09 G reenlow P lantation, D erbys; 4 10 a nd 4 11 H arston, L eics. S cale: 4 06 ( 1/6); 4 07 t o 4 09 ( 1/4); 4 10 a nd 4 11

( 1/2).

34

4 13

4 14

\ \V t .\\X\\ / /////////

)

/ 1/f / 1 \\N\\\\\\ \

4 15

//// /// 1 ./ : . /

/////1 7 ;r 1

OetwooOt

. ,

« e «

Veti , V 4ttO M 00000oco00 60.ei e a l ät. ,3 1%06 0

e r i

g „

i s t i gne t 4 12 Hungry B entley, D erbys; 4 13 M oot L ow, Grange M ill, Derbys; 4 14 B lore, S taffs; 4 15 Market B osworth, L eics; 4 16 M ountsorrel, L eics; 4 17 S tockerston, D erbys. S cale: ( 1/2); 4 15 a nd 4 17 ( 1/4).

4 12

35

( 1/3);

4 13 a nd 4 16

( 1/6);

4 14

»W PM» ) / » .

" ( f o x «n ew & t i f

4 20

4 18 S toke-on-Trent, M eir R oad S andpit, N ormacot, S taffs; 4 19 S toke-on-Trent, T rentham , S taffs; 4 20 S tone, S taffs; 4 21 S yston , R ound H ill, L eics; 4 22 S tanton M oor ( 1799), D erbys; 4 23 S tanton M oor ( 1847), D erbys. S cale: 4 18 a nd 4 23 ( 1/3); 4 19 a nd 4 21 ( 1/5); 4 20

( unknown);

4 22

( 2/5).

3 36

\ \ 7//1/7 .1 7/ •i / ./ i 7 \‘‘‘‘ .M M , \ \ ‘ . 77 // /// N N N 2X7//7777/‚ " v ev \N \m w ww w \ "\

' \ \\\. :

428

. 4 1 -1 1fil i e 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

. l • IW i r i t

1 . 1

I t . ,

,

I SI %

I I•I

•

4 24 S tanton M oor ( 184 7), D erbys; 4 25, 4 26 a nd 4 28 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ; 4 27 S tanton M oor ( 1899); 4 29 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 B .1; 4 30 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 3C. S cale: 4 24, 4 28 a nd 4 30 ( 1/4); r est ( 1/3).

37

4 32

4 34

4 31 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 31.1, D erbys; 4 32 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 31.2; 4 33 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 3M ; 4 34 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 0C; 4 35 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 1B ; 4 36 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1D. S cale: 4 31 a nd 4 36

( 1/4);

4 32 a nd 4 35

( 1/2);

38 3

4 33 ( 1/3);

5). 4 34 (2/

4 38

4 1 4

4 37 S tanton M oor ( 1847), D erbys; 4 38 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 E; 4 39 A yleston Park, L eics; 4 40 B allidon M oor , D erbys; 4 41 B eeley M oor , H arland E dge, D erbys; 4 42 B eeley M oor , Triple C airn A 3 , Derbys. S cale:

4 37

(1/ 3);

4 38 a nd 4 39

( 2/5);

39

4 40

( 1/4);

4 41

( 2/3);

4 42 ( 1/2).

e ve i g t s we,

Vt e t,M we i ; 18 , t% e :C3 , g iA tAt i g loo BA ledte

1 3 %1V ( ü ,

a i t ' 1,1 /4 1 P e a0e .g äe kA V V :A ( I I PePA e l o' tt A is e At is k .e . ‚ 9 '

4 45

4 43 B eeley M oor , T riple C airn C , D erbys; 4 44 Bradley, Derbys, 4 45 a nd 4 46 C ossington S ite 2 , L eics; 4 47 t o 4 49 Darley Dale, S tancliffe, Derbys. S cale: 4 43 a nd 4 46 (1/2 ) ; 4 44 ( 1/6); 4 45 ( 1/3); 4 47 t o 4 49 ( unknown). 3 40

Ze2 =5 7 7 .

450

' t«Z eg i r ee «4 4 2 1

o wn . e vu \ S Ue‘ I lU I I tv tur yt 3 : t rturOt r tr

v y r r ry in i ti l ‘ f iAü r • . • .

j

4 52

4 53

4 55 4 50 F lax D ale, M iddleton, D erbys; 4 51 G laston S andpit, L eics; 4 52 a nd 4 53 K irk I reton, D erbys; 4 54 Probably L eicestershire; 4 55 Mount S t B ernard, L eics. S cale: 4 50 a nd 4 51 ( 1/6); 4 52,

4 53 and 4 55 ( 1/4 ); 4 54 ( 1/2). 3 4 1

4 57

w t m u u m u s . 5 5 S5 ‘

462

4 56 C ossington S ite 2 , L eics; 4 57 R yestone ( Roystone) G range, D erbys; 4 58 O ldbury B arrow, W arwicks; 4 59 S heldon, D erbys ; 4 60 a nd 4 61 S proxton, n ear S altby, L eics; 4 62 S warkestone B arrow 4 , D erbys. S cale: 4 56, 4 57 a nd 4 60 ( 1/4); 4 58 ( unknowr); 4 59

( 1/6); 4 61

( 1/3); 4 62 ( 1/2). 3 42

4 67

4 66

etton, S taffs; 4 64 W ardlow Q uarry, C auldon, S taffs; 4 63 T hree L ows, W Gravelpit), D erbys; 4 66 a nd 4 68 B unker 's H ill W ood, 4 65 W illington ( 67 B eeley M oor , T riple C airn, D erbys. S cale: 4 63 B eeley, D erbys; 4 2/5); r est ( 1/2). 1/4); 4 65 ( ( unknown); 4 64 (

3 43

L LI

I ll

I \

4 70

4 69

4 7 1

4 72

4 73

4 69 U pper T ean, S taffs; 4 70 L arks L ow, n ear M iddleton, D erbys ; 4 71 S tenson, D erbys; 4 72 S warkestone B arrow 4 , Derbys; 4 73 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; 4 74 t o 4 76 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 , D erbys. S cale:

4 69

( unknown);

4 74 ( 1/6); 4 76 ( 2/5); r est ( 1/2). 3 44

e

6

b-

ee e i ed e s k ! ,c S ' i _ ju . ee el" 0.( 005 -e : t :4 e etee 2 De e t p.e eCete et 1 2 , ;(egetj . .w . w e )t z er f . i i • t e ,e

0 ) ä u › 2 u .t r re,e , e ea t, e t r uc e ze •c a s e f is e gz e e b •ee o es . 9 4 . u ne bo eg e ,( De g: o f • •.

, . •

4 79

i ' t , ' • •

A i

\\\ \ \\ \ . \\\ \\ \\ \X \ X+ i ; / / // / / * /a // / \ Ag , \\\\ \ \ \\ \ , , e ; u t / 1«/ / / / / //

•

•I

•

/ ' / 9/ // / // / ' /

N A .\\\N v s . . 1 / 1 0 . 1 ( . 0 :0 11 1\ : \ '

4 82

4 77 t o 4 80 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 , D erbys; 4 81 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 B ; 4 82 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 D. S cale: 4 77 a nd 4 79 ( 1/2); r est ( 1/4).

3 45

4 83

4 83 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 A.1, D erbys; 4 84 S tanton M oor B arrow 5 A.2; 4 85 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 B.2; 4 86 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 E; 4 87 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 C ; 4 88 S tanton M oor B arrow 7 C. S cale: 4 83 a nd 4 85

( 1/3);

4 88 ( 1/2); r est ( 2/5).

3 46

4 89

4 89 S tanton M oor Bar row 1 3H , D erbys ; 4 90 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 34 4 9 1 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 6A ; 4 92 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 6B ; 4 93 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 7A ; 4 94 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 8A . S cale : 4 89 a nd 4 93 ( 1/3); 4 9 1 ( 1/4 ); r est ( 2/5). 3 47

4 95 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 0D, D erbys; 4 96 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 2B ; 4 97 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 5A; 4 98 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 5C; 4 99 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 5D; M oor B arrow 6 1B.

S cale:

5 00 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1A;

5 01

S tanton

4 97 ( 1/5); 4 99 ( 1/3); 5 0 1 ( 1/2); r est

( 1/4)-

3 48

c . • •\ f l •.

5 02

5 04

5 06

I L

5 05

5 07

5 02 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1E, D erbys; 5 03 a nd 5 07 S tanton M oor ; 1899); 5 05 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 ; 5 06 S tanton 5 04 S tanton M oor ( M oor B arrow 2 6. S cale: 5 02 ( 1/4); 5 03 a nd 5 04 ( 1/3); 5 05 a nd 5 07 ( 1/2); 5 06 ( 2/5).

3 49

5 09 5 08

5 10

5 08 D arley D ale, S tancliffe, D erbys; 5 09 N ear L eek, S taffs ; 5 10 L eek, C ock L ow, S taffs; 5 11 W illington , D erbys; 5 12 H arby/ S tathern, L eics; 5 13 S tanton M oor , D erbys; 5 14 S tanton M oor ( 1889). S cale: 5 08 a nd 5 10 ( 1/4); 5 09 a nd 5 13 ( 1/3); 5 11 ( 1/6); 5 12

( 2/5);

5 14 ( 1/5).

3 50

•

1••• •

5 15

5 16

. . . . . . -—

.

? r e ' _

---

1 .4 /1 *

-

5 15 B eeley M oor , T riple C airn A l, D erbys; 5 16 B eeley M oor , T riple C airn B ; 5 17 B eeley M oor , Harland E dge, D erbys; 5 18 Narrowdale H ill, A lstonefield, S taffs; 5 19 R yestone ( Roystone) G range, D erbys; 5 20 S tanton M oor ( 1926), D erbys; 5 21 M arket H arborough, L eics. S cale: 5 18 a nd 5 19 ( 1/5); 5 20 ( 1/3); 5 21 ( 1/4); r est ( 1/2). -

3 51

5 22

5 27

5 22 M arket H arborough, L eics; 5 23 R othley, L eics; 5 24 Matlock B ridge, D erbys; 5 25 S tanton M oor , D oll T or D , D erbys; 5 26 U pper H ulme, S taffs; 5 27 A ston-on-Trent, A ston B arrow 1 , D erbys; 5 28 B eeley M oor , Harland E dge, D erbys. S cale: 5 22 ( 1/3); 5 23 ( unknown); 5 26 a nd 5 28 ( 2/3); r est ( 1/2).

3 52

5 30

5 29

5 30

5 32

5 3 1

5 33

r

5 36

5 36

5 36

5 37

5 38

5 29 Bunker's H ill W ood, B eeley, D erbys; 5 30 Harborough R ocks, D erbys; 5 31 R othley, L eics; 5 32 S proxton, n ear S altby, L eics; 5 33 t o 5 35 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 , D erbys . ; 5 36 S tanton M oor B arrow 5 1 0; 5 37 and 5 38 T wyford, L eics; 5 39 Wetton Mill R ock S helter , S taffs. S cale: r est ( 1/2).

5 3 1 a nd 5 32 ( 2/5); 5 33 a nd 5 34 ( unknown); 5 39 ( 2/3 );

3 53

----------- -------. ....

.... .......... --........ -. ! M IL :

. ....

. . . ...

. .....

........ --- .

...........

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

Z

...

. .....

.

. . . . . . . . -

.

. . . . .

.

wt . ((Z e e "' ) 0P111 / 1 .9)

. . . . . . . .. . .

. . . . . . . . ....

. ..

. . . . . .

f iffAfff V \ IVO t‘N • f ffiff0/ ‘ I t eM NA

. .• •••

\ , %M N

5 42

me rAr4 .4, 1 4, 1 7 ;= .0 :4 = e7 4 . •• . • •N , V•

\ V1 /• 4

%

Zit Z/111 . \N 4 "

e e

r je

:

1 11 1 /

,

1 1 111

1 1if

! Mu l t i ]

l a aw f

Zej r jr

>\ />>>>>>7>N 17,4 t/( . z • Ml .«

5 44

5 40 A qualate M ere, F orton, S taffs; 5 41 a nd 5 42 A shford i n t he W ater , D erbys; 5 43 B eeley M oor, H arland E dge, D erbys; 5 44 C old E aton, D erbys; 5 45 E lkstone B arrow 2 , S taffs. S cale: 5 40, 5 42 a nd

5 43 ( 1/3); 5 4 1, 5 44 a nd 5 4 5 (2/5) . 3 54

• N . F

' e t

‘ 4 : 72 T. . y .-7 7 t e 7. .; 97 . % —e r = t ;

A . N ef l ne , \

i r‚ h rh y ? » . ›

F ##, ; t :k ' ' x v %

5 46 e 4 g ie g Mmr 1 2 1_ 0 1 4

B

l

4

e

e

•

.

e

M

M

L

. . .

e c < 5 49

7/ZZ f 7 , , ,,zf '. ff

0 t I 0 0

5 50

5 46 G ib H ill, A rbor D erbys; 5 48 B etween T issington, D erbys; M oor , Harland E dge, r est

L ow, D erbys; 5 47 Hart Hill Moor, Youlgreave, 49 A shford i n t he W ater a nd W ardlow, D erbys; 5 5 50 B eechenhill, I lam, S taffs; 5 51 B eeley D erbys.

S cale:

( 1/3).

3 55

5 46 a nd 5 48

( 2/5); 5 47 ( 1/2);

•

5 53

4«1«tt e ,

k

e t i J OK oA l tf e , • tte e M i ei . e ‘ i i • Om 000w00 0 0 0 ,0 0e l "A t ' p t iOt bOO M • ,

52 B ostern, D ovedale, D erbys; 53 B road L ow Ash, A shbourne, rosslow , Parwich, Derbys; 55 Far L ow, C auldon, S taffs; 54 C H art H ill M oor , Y oulgreave, D erbys; 57 a nd 5 58 H itter H ill, S terndale, D erbys; 59 L ean L ow, D erbys. S cale: 55 a nd 5 58 r est

( 1/3).

3 56

D erbys;

6 5

E arl ( 2/5);

f ee n t in nu i

v.i

4 ( / . Weeee,4 if

1 01111 11 111111 A . 1 1 1 111 1111•10 141111 . 1 181(011 i l l I fs e iv %%%••% , % . %%r t . % %% % % %%%%% . Z eZ e %%

e t .

e,. `

•

5 60 M arket H arborcugh, L eics; 5 61 T hirklow, D erbys; 5 62 M usden L ow , S taffs; 5 63 N arrowdale H ill, A lstonefield, S taffs; 56 4 B arrow 4 S tanton M oor ( 1847), D erbys; 5 65 W aggon L ow, C ronkstone, D erbys; 5 66 Arbor L ow, D erbys; 5 67 B eeley M oor , H arland E dge, D erbys. S cale: ( 2/5). 5 60 ( 2/9); 5 61 ( unknown); 5 66 a nd 5 67 ( 1/4); rest

3 57

5 68

5 69

5 72 . 9

A

# 0 , "

0 #

M A k A Ag e

W

Ve N e 1

W e A

1 /1 , 1 01 M v i h We a sex aU •

5 74

5 75

5 68 a nd 5 69 B eeley M oor , Harland E dge, D erbys; 5 70 B eeley M oor, T riple C airn, D erbys; 5 71 C ossington S ite 2 , L eics; 5 72 a nd 5 73 C rosslow, Parwich, D erbys; 5 74 Galley L ow, B rassin&ton, D erbys; 5 75 G laston S andpit, L eics. S cale: 5 73 ( 1 /3 ); 5 75 ( 1/2); r est (2/ 5).

3 58

5 76

taffs; 5 77 Market Harborcugh, L eics; 5 76 I lam, Hazelton H ill, S 5 7 9 H a n s o n G r a n g e , B a l e y H ill, S t a f f s ; 5 78 M are H ill, T hrowley, arrow 6 6, D erbys; 5 81 a nd 5 82 S tanton D erbys; 5 80 S tanton M oor B 83 S tanton Park, D erbys. S cale: 5 76 M oor , D oll T or F , D erbys ; 5 1 / 3 ) ; 5 8 1 ( 1 / 2 ) ; r e s t ( 2 / 5 ) . ( unknown); 5 77 a nd 5 79 (

3 59

• • • • ••

O

O •

O

•

0

O. . •

0

•

0 •

0 0Ø

• 0

0

ö 0 .0•

mo e . • •• • , . .

5 89

5 84 Arbor L ow, D erbys; 5 85 A shford i n t he W ater , D erbys; 5 86 C rosslow, Parwich, Derbys; 5 87 Harston, L eics; 5 88 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 1A, D erbys; 5 89 S tanton M oor , D oll T or E ; 5 90 N orthwood F arm, n ear T rentham, S taffs; 5 91 C rake L ow, T issington, D erbys. S cale: 5 86 a nd 5 89 ( 1/2); 5 87 ( 1/4); 5 90 ( unknown); r est ( 2/5).

3 60

•

r u iriuf f! ( I r i !, r r r _ f ( rrf r rr t

1 )-

5 92

5 93

' " 44" - st1 11 1 1 1111 0 r NN\

4 0 % " `

. . . . . . .

e w . 44 -

4

. .•/ . 7 4 1 , e ig i Z ; r e& Z \ 4 1— ii I n im 1 i r l 1 l 10 [EV 1 l 1 1 1 1 D i) DDPD Di n ) ee9r 4 09W Vjen et te d4 W .

I i BI M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '

N ve ;

5 95

5 96

5 92 N orthwood F arm, n ear T rentham, S taffs ; 5 93 C ossington S ite 2 , L eics; 5 94 T hree L ows, W etton, S taffs; 5 95 L id L ow, n ear T horpe, 97 R yestone ( Roystone) D erbys . ; 5 96 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 R, D erbys; 5 G range, Derbys. S cale: 5 92 ( unknown); 5 95 ( 1/2); 5 96 ( 2/5); r est ( 1/3).

3 6 1

Q

7 « c e « < mu ff si T e ««e e

0 0 0 0 0 p c o • 9 0 0 0 0 0 e 4 1,

j t f l la , r z (

o08 0 8ee s e mee e

f l ie 8 100.#100 :01 i. O c oug e i e e e

5 98

5 99

6 02

5 98 W etton H ill B arrow, S taffs; 5 99 Gratton H ill, W etton, S taffs; 6 00 H art H ill M oor , Y oulgreave, Derbys; 6 01 M onyash M oor , D erbys; 6 02 L angham, L eics; 6 03 M arket O verton, L eics; 6 04 O ldbury B arrow, W arwicks. S cale: 5 99 ( 1/5); 6 00 a nd 6 01 ( 1/2); r est ( 2/5).

3 62

6 05a

U

1. 11 1 11 • 1 1 1 1.

-- < , . .—

.. .i.t .

r..---------

. . . . . ., . .

6 07

606

11 1

6 05 b

-

se . ...

." . .. . . . . . . . ,. . .../. . , , ,,, , ,

6 08

6 09

1 1

6 10

1 7 1 W i l -

m e neewe s

6 12 6 05a a nd b G ratton H ill, W etton, S taffs; 6 06 A ston-on-Trent, A ston B arrow 1 , D erbys; 6 07 R yestone ( Roystone) G range, D erbys; 6 08 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 1A, Derbys; 6 09 S tanton M oor B arrow 5 7 ; 6 10 S warkestone B arrow 2 , D erbys; 6 11 C ossington S ite 2 , L eics; 6 12 S tathern, L eics . ; 6 13 S tanton M oor ( 1799), D erbys. S cale: 6 05a , 6 07 a nd 6 08 ( 2/3); 6 06 ( 1/1); r est ( 1/2). 3 63

6 16

6 18

6 17

6 20

6 19

6 21

6 25

6 14 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 , D erbys; 6 15 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1D; 6 16 N ear T hrowley, S taffs; 6 17 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1 ( 1784); 6 18 S tanton M oor ( 1889); 6 19 G len Parva, L eics; 6 20 P robably L eiceste rshire; 6 21 M ountsorrel, L eics; 6 22 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ; 6 23 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 3J; 6 24 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1D; 6 25 S tanton M oor ( 1852). S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 64

6 26

6 27

6 30

6 29

6 32

6 33

6 28

6 31

6 34

6 35

6 26 S toke-on-Trent, P enkhull, S taffs; 6 27 C rake L ow B arrow, T issingt on, D erbys; 6 28 M ountsorrel, L eics; 6 29 B lore, S taffs; 6 30 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 C, D erbys; 6 31 S tanton M oor B arrow 8 A; 6 32 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 ; 6 33 Galley L ow B arrow, B rassington, D erbys; 6 34 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 1; 6 35 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 1B ; 6 36 L arks L ow , n ear M iddleton, D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 65

6 37

6 39

6 40

6 41

6 45

6 44

6 43

6 47

6 46

6 48

6 47

1 1 0

6 48

6 37 A ston-on-Trent, A ston B arrow 1 , D erbys; 6 38 a nd 6 39 B irchover, R owtor R ocks, D erbys; 6 40 F isherwick, F eature 3 4 , S taffs; 6 41 a nd 6 42 Gratton H ill, W etton, S taffs; 6 43 Harston, L eics; 6 44 I lam M oor , S taffs; 6 45 L ean L ow, D erbys; 6 4 6 O ldbury B arrow, W arwicks; 6 47 S tanton, S taffs; 6 48 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 F, D erbys. S cale: 6 37 ( 2/3); 6 40, 6 43, 6 46 a nd 6 47 ( 2/5); r est ( 1/2).

3 66

6 49

S

(

649

6 50

6 51

6 5 1

6 52

652

6 53

653

6 55

S tanton M oor B arrows, Derbys: 6 49 B arrow 2 1 G; 6 50 B arrow 2 1; 6 51 B arrow 2 K; 6 52 B arrow 2 L; 6 53 B arrow 1 3A; 6 54 B arrow 1 6. 6 5 5 S tanton M oor ,

Doll T or A l, Derbys.

3 67

S cale:

6 55

( 2/5);

r est

( 1/2).

6 56

6 58

6 60

6 59

6 62

6 56 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 70, D erbys; 6 57 S tanton M oor , D oll T or A 2; 6 58 D oll T or H ; 6 59 W ardlow P asture B arrow, C auldon, S taffs; 6 60 W illington ( Gravelpit), D erbys; 6 61 t o 6 63 C ossington S ite 1 , L eics. S cale: 6 56, 6 57 a nd 6 60 ( 2/5); 6 58 a nd 6 59 ( 1/2); 6 61 ( 1/4); 6 62 a nd 6 63 ( 1/3).

3 68

6 64

N A _ _ N xx‘ v‘ • • 1 111 110 ift ‘Msk e t ,\ . * N i II .I . 01 . 0 1 : 111 i : N i x\› . 4 : • N ee te ‘A K • •

•. •

6 64 B eeley M oor , T riple C airn, D erbys; 6 65 W etton, M ill P ot C ave, S taffs; 6 66 R othley, L eics; 6 67 K irk I reton, D erbys; 6 68 D arley D ale, S tancliffe, D erbys; 6 69 B arwell, L eics. S cale: 6 64 ( 2/5); 6 65 ( 1/6); 6 66 ( 1/5); 6 67 a nd 6 68 ( 1/4 ); 6 69 ( unknown).

3 69

6 71

6 70

6 72

6 74

6 73

6 75

6 77

6 76

6 80

6 79

6 70 t o 6 76 F isherwick,

678

F eature

1 2,

S taffs;

68 1

6 77 a nd 6 78 F isherwick,

Feature 3 4 , S taffs; 6 79 Beacon Hill, Leics; 680 B orther L ow, M iddleton, D erbys; 6 81 B irchover , B arn Farm, Derbys. S cale: 6 70

6 76 ( 1/3),

6 77 a nd 6 78

( 3/5);

6 79 a nd 6 81

3 70

( 1/2);

6 80

( 1/1).

t o

6 82

6 83

6 85

6 84

6 82 B urnt W ood, B eeley, D erbys; 6 83 F ritchley, D erbys; 6 84 H art H ill M oor , Y oulgreave, D erbys; 6 85 H enridding , n ear B rown E dge, S taffs. S cale: 6 82 a nd 6 85 ( 1/2); 6 83 a nd 6 84 ( 2/5).

3 71

6 86

6 87

6 88

6 86 a a nd b M atlock, D erbys, o r M arkham M oor, N otts; 6 87 H am, S taffs; 6 88 M oat L ow, N ewton G range, D erbys. S cale : 6 86 a nd 6 88 ( 1/2); 6 87 ( 2/5).

3 72

6 89

6 90

6 9 1

8 93

6 89 O ker H ill, D arley Dale, D erbys ; 6 90 Parwich M oor , D erbys ; 6 91 R ocester , M ill S ite, S taffs; 6 92 S huttlestone B arrow, Parwich M oor , D erbys; 6 93 Y oulgreave, M ill F ield, D erbys ; 6 94 C roft, L eics. S cale: 6 89 a nd 6 90 ( 2/5); 6 91 a nd 6 94 ( unknown); 6 92 a nd 6 93 ( 1/2).

3 73

6 95

6 97

6 98

6 99

7 0 1

7 02

6 95 B rier L ow B arrow, n ear B uxton, D erbys; 6 96 E nd L ow, Hartington, D erbys; 6 97 D eepdale, B urnet's L ow, D erbys; 6 98 K enslow, M iddleton, D erbys; 6 99 M iddleton, n ear Y oulgreave, Derbys; 7 00 Parsley H ay ( Parcelly H ay), Hartington, D erbys; 7 01 N ew I nns B arrow, A lsop, D erbys; 7 02 S toop B arrow , H igh E dge, D erbys. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 74

7 04

7 03

7 05

7 07

7 06

7 08

7 03 S ydney S treet, L eicester ; 7 04 C arder L ow, H artington, D erbys; 7 05 T horncliff L ow, C alton M oor , S taffs; 7 06 N et L owe H ill, N ew I nns, A lsop M oor, D erbys; 7 07 S huttlestone B arrow, P arwich, D erbys; 7 08 S tanshope, S taffs. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 75

1 111 1 11 .

7 10

7 13

7 12

7 14

7 09 L id ( Lett) L ow B arrow, n ear Warslow, S taffs; 7 10 M usden L ow B arrow 4 , S taffs; 7 11 S tandlow, D erbys; 7 12 D ow L ow, E arl S terndale, Derbys; 7 13 H ungry B entley, D erbys; 7 14 B ignall H ill, A udley, S taffs. S cale: a ll 1 /2.

3 76

'1 0. 1 1 1 11 1 , › -

7 17

7 15

7 20

7 18

7 19

7 2 1

7 22

7 24

7 15 B ee L ow , Y oulgreave, D erbys; 7 16 B radley, D erbys; 7 17 L ockingt on, L eics; 7 18 M inninglow H ill, D erbys; 7 19 M are H ill, T hrowley, S taffs; 7 20 a nd 7 21 S tanton M oor ( 1926), D erbys ; 7 22 O lbury B arrow, W arwicks; 7 23 S tanton M oor B arrow 54 7 24 M oot L ow B arrow , G rangem ill, D erbys. S cale: a ll 2 /3.

3 77

6 1

7 25

7 26

7 27

7 28

4 1 1 1 1 1 1› .

7 29

4 1•• ••••

•

•

7 30

7 3 1

7 34

9

1. 1

1 .

«M

7 32

. 1 1 MB »

M . >

« WW I.

•

7 35

7 33

• —

4 1• 1 . 1 1 1

7 36

1 7 37

27 7 25 S tathern, L eics; 7 26 B ole H ill, B akewell M oor , D erbys; 7 H arborough C ave, D erbys; 7 28 L ady L ow B arrow, B lore, S taffs; 7 29 M atlock, D erbys; 7 30 a nd 7 31 B ee L ow, Y oulgreave, D erbys; 7 32 S meeton H ill, L eics; 7 33 S taker H ill, B uxton, D erbys; 7 34 I lam T ops L ow, S taffs; 7 35 L ockington, L eics; 7 36 E lkstone B arrow 1 , S taffs; 7 37 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 B .1, D erbys. S cale: 7 25 t o 7 28 ( 2/3); 7 29 ( 1/2); 7 30 t o 7 37 ( 1/ 1). 3 78

• ••••• •

7 39

7 38

7 43

7 44

1

7 4 1

7 45

7 40

7 46

7 48

7 38 S tanton M oor B arrow 6 1A, D erbys; 7 39 Waggon L ow, C ronkstone, D erbys; 7 40 a nd 7 43 T hrowley, S taffs; 7 41 C old E aton B arrow, D erbys; 7 42 Knipton, L eics; 7 44 S taker H ill, B uxton, D erbys; 7 45 T hree L ows, W etton, S taffs; 7 46 S tanton M oor B arrow 2 F ; 7 47 D erbyshire; 7 48 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 B .1.

S cale:

7 42,

3 79

48 7 46 a nd 7

(2/ 3); r est (1/1 ) .

7 50

7 53

7 52

7 5 1

7 54

7 49 Cromford, D ene Q uarry, D erbys; 7 50 C urdworth, Warwicks; 7 51 K ings H eath, B irmingham, W M ids; 7 52 K ing 's N orton, L eics; 7 53 M eriden, W M ids; 7 54 W inster M oor , D erbys. S cale: a ll 2 /5.

3 80

7 56 7 55

7 57

7 58

7 60

7 59

7 6 1

7 55 W irksworth, D erbys; 7 56 S hareshill, S taffs; 7 57 Possibly 59 W illenhall, W M ids; S taffordshire; 7 58 N ear B irmingham, W M ids; 7 7 60 L eicester , H igh S treet; 7 61 K eele H all,

3 81

S taffs.

S cale:

a ll 2 /5.

7 62

7 63

7 64

7 65

7 66

7 67

7 62 N orbury, S taffs; 7 63 S techford, B irmingham, W M ids; 7 64 B ardon H ill, L eics; 7 65 B iddulph, S taffs; 7 66 B urton-uponT rent, H orninglow S tation, S taffs; 7 67 L ubbesthorre, L eics. S cale: a ll ( 2/5).

3 82

7 68

7 69

70 7

72 7

7 1 7

7 68 M arket B osworth,

73 7

L eics;

7 69 T yrley,

S taffs;

70 A shover , 7

D erbys; 7 71 N ear C hatsworth, D erbys; 7 72 N ear C headle, S taffs; 73 Youlgreave, R iver B radford, Derbys. S cale: a ll 2 /5.

3 83

7 77 7 74

7 82

7 8 1

7 74 Upper O ldhams, M iddleton, D erbys; 7 75 Near B irmingham, W M ids; 76 W istow/ A rnesby, L eics; 7 7 77 Wednesfield, W M ids; 7 78 N ewhaven, D erbys; 7 79 Horsley C astle, D erbys; 7 80 N eedwood F orest ( near S wilcar O ak), S taffs; 7 81 Darley D ale, S tancliffe q uarry, D erbys; 7 82 M elbourne, D erbys. S cale: a ll 2 /5. 3 84

7 84

7 85

7 83

7 87

7 88

7 86

7 83 M iddleton, Warwicks;

7 84 S omersal, D erbys;

7 85 S misby/ H arts-

h orne, Derbys; 7 86 W olverhampton a rea, W M ids . ; 7 87 B rassington, D erbys; 7 88 C hartley, n ear S towe, S taffs. S cale: a ll 2 /5.

3 85

7 90

7 89

7 9 1

7 92

7 94

7 93

7 95

7 89 N ear U ttoxeter , S taffs; 7 90 Wrottesley, S taffs; 7 91 W igber L ow, D erbys; 7 92 B runtingthorpe, L eics; 7 93 B enscliffe W ood, Newton L inford, L eics; 7 94 S tretton, S taffs; 7 95 S withland R eservoir , L eics; 7 96 O ver W hitacre, Warwicks; 7 97 Ashover, Derbys. S cale: 7 89 t o

7 95 ( 2/5); 7 96 and 7 97 ( 1/2). 3 86

8 00

7 99

8 02

7 98 M anifold V alley, S taffs; 7 99 W olverhampton, Parkfields, W M ids; 8 00 M arston J abbett, W arwicks; 8 01 C hurch W ilne R eservoir , B reaston, D erbys; 8 02 g yston, L eics; 8 03 L eicester , A bbey M eadows; 8 04 L eicester, H igh S treet. S cale: 8 03 a nd 8 04 ( 1/3); r est ( 1/2).

3 8 7

8 05

8 06

4• 1

8 09

8 08

0

09 . -

8 10

8 05 B utterton, S taffs; 8 06 a nd 8 07 B arrow u pon T rent, D erbys; 8 08 H eage/ H artshay, D erbys; 8 09 Drakelow, D erbys; 8 10 " Banks o f t he R iver T rent". S cale: 8 05 a nd 8 06 ( 1/2); 8 07 a nd 8 09 ( 2/5); 8 08 ( unknown);

8 10

( 1/4).

3 88

8 11

8 13

« 0 -

8 12

8 14

8 15

A K>

8 16

8 17

8 18

8 11 A rbor L ow, D erbys; 8 12 B ardon H ill, L eics; 8 13 E nville, S taffs; 8 14 F illongley, W arwicks; 8 15 G addesby, L eics; 8 16 K ibworth B eauchamp/ F leckney, L eics; 8 17 F indern, D erbys; 8 18 M atlock B ath, D erbys.

S cale:

a ll

1 /2.

3 89

8 19

8 20

e i s wI i f e e z e „ i # , , e , - „. . e.

'

„er

_

A v .( 40

7 -2 e,

9 ‚, : -

e y

," L k

e

A ro log iege» -—00..... ) .-- 0 1,

8 22

8 19 K ingsbury, V erdon, L eics; a nd 8 25 S utton ( 2/3); 8 24 a nd

8 23

8 24

8 25

Warwicks; 8 20 M ountsorrel, L eics; 8 21 N ewbold 8 22 N ewhaven, D erbys; 8 23 S tanton, S taffs; 8 24 C heyney, L eics. S cale: 8 19 t o 8 22 ( 1/2); 8 23 8 25

( unknown).

8 26

8 28

8 34

8 26 a nd 8 35 C ottesmore H oard, L eics; 8 27 B arleythorpe, L eics; 8 28 F isherwick Park F arm, S taffs; 8 29 Great C asterton, L eics; 8 30 K etton H oard, L eics; 8 31 B arkby T horpe, L eics; 8 32 B eacon H ill H oard, L eics; 8 33 a nd 8 34 Husband's B osworth H oard, L eics. S cale: 8 33 a nd 8 34 ( unknown); r est (2/ 3).

3 91

8 37

w ill 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 ,

1

8 36 a nd 8 39 t o 8 44 K etton H oard, S taffs;

8 38 Great C asterton,

L eics;

L eics.

3 92

8 37 A rmitage H oard,

S cale:

a ll 2 /5.

8 46

8 48

849

847

8 50

8 45 a nd 8 46 K irk I reton, D erbys; 8 47 O ver W hitacre, W arwicks; 8 48 T rentham Park, S taffs; 8 49 W elby H oard, L eics; 8 50 a nd 8 51 K etton H oard, L eics; 8 52 W aterhouses, S taffs; 8 53 E arl S terndale, D erbys. S cale: a ll 2 /5.

3 93

8 54

8 56

8 55

8 59

8 58

8 57

8 60

8 54 a nd 8 61 t o 8 63 K etton H oard, L eics; 8 55 a nd 8 56 H usband's B osworth H oard, L eics; 8 57 S tanton M oor ( 1850), D erbys; 8 58 a nd 8 59 W elby H oard, L eics; 8 60 W irksworth, D erbys. S cale: 8 55 a nd 8 56 ( unknown); r est ( 2/5).

3 94

' 1 4 a 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 k 1 1 1 i : q i i 11 ,:

8 64

,

8 65

8 67

8 66

8 68

8 69

8 71

8 73

8 70

8 72

8 64 a nd 8 65 K etton H oard, L eics; 8 66 J ericho L odge, T hrussington, L eics; 8 67 D erbyshire; 8 68 S yston, L eics; 8 69 a nd 8 70 C ottesmore H oard, L eics; 8 71 G lenfield, L eics; 8 72 L angham, L eics; 8 73 B eacon H ill, L eics. S cale: 8 73 ( 2/3); r est ( 2/5).

3 95

1

8 74

8 75

8 77

8 74 a nd 8 75 M eriden H oard, W M ids; 8 76 W elby H oard, L eic 's ; 8 77 C ottesmore H oard, L eics. S cale: 8 77 ( 1/2); r est ( 1/3).

3 96

8 76

8 79

8 78

80 8

8 82

8 83

8 1 8

8 84

8 78 A lton, S taffs; 8 79 S tanton Park, D erbys; 8 80 K etton H oard, L eics; 8 81 P ossibly S taffordshire; 8 82 A rmitage H oard, S taffs; 8 83 C ottesmore H oard, L eics; 8 84 I ngarsby, L eics ( Ex R iver T rent). S cale: 8 78 ( unknown); 8 79 ( 1/3); r est ( 1/2).

3 97

8 86

885

8 87

8 88

8 85 a nd 8 87 B eacon H ill H oard, L eics; 8 88 S yston/ T hurmaston, L eics. S cale:

3 98

8 86 M orley, D erbys; a ll 1 /2.

889

e N I U M W r = ü

891

892

89 T amworth, 8

R iver A nker,

S taffs;

8 90 W hitegreave

8 93

S taffs;

8 91

W elby Hoard, L eics; 8 92 Lathkill Dale, Derbys; 8 93'Mancetter , W arwicks. S cale: 8 89 a nd 8 91 ( 1/2); 8 90 ( unknown); ' 892 a nd 8 93 ( 1/1).

3 99

895

8 96

8 97

8 94

8 94 t o 8 96 F enny B entley, D erbys; 8 97 S tanton, T horswood H ouse F arm, S taffs; 8 98 B eacon H ill H oard, L eics. S cale: 8 94 ( 1/2); r est ( 2/3).

4 00

899

9 0 1

9 00

902

906

907

903

908

904

905

9 10

909

9 11

9 13

8 99 N ear Derby; 9 00 B eacon H ill H oard, L eics; 9 01 t o 9 03 a nd 9 05 C ottesmore H oard, L eics; 9 04 Derbyshire; 9 06 t o 9 13 Husband's B osworth H oard, r est ( unknown).

L eics.

4 01

S cale:

8 99

t o

9 05

( 1/2);

9 12

9 14

9 15

.

. "... w m n

9 17

9 16

9 18

9 19

9 22

9 2 1

9 20

9 23

9 14 S taffordshire; 9 15 D erbyshire; 9 16 B iggin Grange, D erbys; 9 17 t o 9 23 W elby H oard, L eics. S cale: 9 14 a nd 9 16 ( 2/3); 9 17 ( 1/1);

r est

( 1/2).

4 02

9 24

9 25

/ •.

I.

r .•

y r •V

0\ ; 1 ‚;

9 26

9 27

9 28

9 29

-

9 32

9 30

9 31

9 34

9 33

9 35

9 24 t o 9 27 W elby H oard, L eics; 9 28 t o 9 30 W etton, T hor 's C ave, S taffs; 9 31 N etherlow, C helmorton, D erbys; 9 32 S huttlestone 33 L ean L ow, D erbys; 9 34 a nd 9 35 B arrow, Parwich, D erbys; 9 H ungry B entley B arrow, D erbys; 9 36 B all C ross H ill F ort, n ear B akewell, D erbys. S cale: 9 24 t o 9 27 ( 1/2); 9 35 ( 2/3 ); r est ( 1/1).

4 03

9 38

e r i rtzJ z L .9

9 40

9 37 Near Arbor L ow, D erbys; 9 38 H ill H ead, n ear B uxton, D erbys ; 9 39 a nd 9 40 G rind L ow, n ear U pper Haddon, D erbys. S cale : 9 37 t o 9 39 ( 1/4 ); 9 40 ( 1/2). 4 04

9 4 1

942

943

9 44

945

e ente r e

947

—

937

9 46

9 48

9 49

9 52

9 51

-M ID D 9 50

9 53

B eechenhill/ C astern, S taffs; 9 42 N ear Dow L ow, D erbys; 9 43 a nd 9 44 Net Lowe H ill, D erbys; 9 45 a nd 9 46 Hungry B entley B arrow, 47 Arbor L ow, Derbys; 9 48 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 6 ; 9 49 D erbys; 9 B eeley M oor , R ectangular C airn, D erbys; 9 50 S tanton M oor , Doll T or I ; 9 51 S tanton M oor B arrow 5 6; 9 52 Doll T or G ; 9 53 S tanton M oor B arrow 3 B . S cale: 9 4 1, 9 43 t o 9 45 ( 1/2); 9 42 , 9 46 t o 9 48 ( 2/3 ); r est ( 1/1). 9 41

4 05

9 54

9 55

9 56

9 59

9 58

9 60

9 64

9 65

9 61

9 66

9 62

9 67

55 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 7A; 9 56 a nd 9 68 9 54 G alley L ow, D erbys; 9 57 a nd 9 58 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; S tanton M oor ( 1926); 9 9 59 a nd 9 69 T hrowley, S taffs; 9 60 Arbor L ow, D erbys; 9 61 t o 9 63 C astern, S taffs; 9 64 Green L ow, A lsop M oor , D erbys; 9 65 M are H ill, S taffs; 9 66 a nd 9 67 R yestone Grange, Derbys. S cale: a ll 2 /3. 4 06

9 70

9 72

9 7 1

9 73

9 74

9 76

9 75

9 8 1

9 82

9 83

e a seLe A M IN IAM 9 84

1 014 4 . 9 85

9 86

9 88

9 70 t o 9 72 Green L ow, A lsop M oor , D erbys; 9 73 S merril M oor , D erbys ; 9 74 a nd 9 75 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; 9 76 t o 9 80 F ox H ole C ave, D erbys; 9 81 a nd 9 82 M ouse L ow, D eepdale, S taffs; 9 83 a nd 9 84 T hrowley, S taffs; 9 85 a nd 9 86 S taker H ill, D erbys; 9 87 a nd 9 88 T op L ow , S winscoe, S taffs. S cale: 9 73 ( 1/3 ); r est ( 1/2).

4 07

9 89

9 92

9 9 1

9 93 990

•-

94 9

95 9

9 96

97 9

00

98 9

1 00 1

99 9

1 000

1 003

1 002

1 006

1 007

9 89 a nd 9 90 K enslow, D erbys; 9 91 a nd 1 000 H anson Grange, B aley H ill, tanton M oor B arrow 1 3A; 94 t o D erbys; 9 92 T hrowley, S taffs; 93 S 9 96 W etton M ill R ock S helter , S taffs; 9 97 G alley L ow, Derbys; 98 a nd 1 006 Narrowdale H ill, S taffs; 9 99 S tanton M oor B arrow 1 3J; 1 001 L ean L ow, D erbys; 1 002 a nd 1 003 L iffs L ow B arrow, D erbys; 1 004 N etherlow, D erbys; 1 005 B ee L ow, D erbys; 1 007 C rackendale Pasture, D erbys. S cale: 9 89, 9 90, 1 000 t o 1 002 a nd 1 004 ( 1/2); 9 91 t o 93 a nd 1 003 O M ; r est ( 2/3). 4 08

1 008

1 009

1 011

1 008 G alley L ow, D erbys; 1 009 Haddon F ield, n ear B akewell, Derbys; 1 010 t o 1 012 B all C ross H ill F ort, n ear B akewell, Derbys; 1 013 T ugby, L eics. S cale: 1 008 a nd 1 009 ( 1/2); 1 010 ( 1/12);

1 011

( 1/5.3);

1 012

( 1/4);

4 09

1 013

( 1/14.6).

1 0 15

1 014 W itherley Hall, L eics; S cale:

1 014 ( 3/ 20 ) ;

10 1 5

1 015 Y oulgreave, D erbys.

( 1/4.4). 4 10