The Green Kingdom 0716601893
The Life of Plants, Weeds, Flowers, Gardens, Trees, Creatures that belong to the green Kingdom, and the many different j
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I
The Green Kingdom
\%
Childcraft The How and
Why
Library
Volume 6
The Green Kingdom World Book, a Scott
Inc.
Fetzer company
Chicago London Sydney Toronto
How and Why
Childcraft— The
Library
(Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.)
Copyright
1989, U.S.A. by World Book,
s
Merchandise Mart Plaza, Chicago,
Illinois
Inc.
60654
reserved.
All rights
may not be reproduced in whole or in part any form without written permission from the publishers. Copyright £ 1987. 1986, 1985 by World Book, Inc. Copyright £ 1982, 1981. 1980, 1979, U.S.A. by World
This volume
£
Book-Childcraft International, Inc. Copyright
in
1976, 1974,
1973, 1971, 1970, 1969, 1968. 1965, 1964, U.S.A. by Field Enterprises Educational Corporation.
1987, 1986, 1985 by World Book,
£
International Copyright Inc. International
Copyright
World Book-Childcraft
£ 1982, 1981, 1980, 1979, by
International, Inc.; International
Copy-
1976, 1974, 1973, 1971, 1970, 1969, 1968, 1965. 1964. by Field Enterprises Educational Corporation.
right
@
Printed
in
the United States of America
ISBN 0-7166-0189-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 89-50463
Acknowledgments The publishers
of
Childcraft— The
acknowledge the courtesy
How and Why
Library gratefully
of the following publishers, persons,
and organizations for permission to use copyrighted poems, excerpts from poems, and special illustrations appearing in this volume. Full illustration acknowledgments appear on pages 278-279.
"The
Shop," by Rachel
Florist
Rachel
Field, copyright
Field.
From Taxis and Toadstools by
1926 by Doubleday & Company,
Reprinted by permission of the publisher and World's
"Four Seasons," by
Rowena
Inc.
Work
Ltd.
Bastin Bennett. Reprinted by
permission of the author. "Indian Pipe
and Moccasin Flower," by Arthur Guiterman, from The
Light Guitar by Arthur Guiterman.
£ 1923. Published by Harper &
Row. Publishers. Copyright renewed
1
951 by Mrs. Vida Guiterman.
"Maytime Magic," by Mabel Watts. Reprinted by permission
of
the author. "Mists of Daybreak,
A
by Yosa Buson. From
Year of Japanese
Epigrams, edited and translated by William N. Porter and published by Oxford University Press. "Night," by
Sara Teasdale. Excerpt reprinted with permission
of
The Macmillan Company from Collected Poems by Sara Teasdale. Copyright 1930 by Sara Teasdale Filsinger, renewed 1958 by Guaranty Trust
"Package
How,
I
of
Company
of
New
York, Executor.
Seeds." by Aileen Fisher. Reprinted from
Wonder Why, £1962 by
Abelard-Schuman,
/
Wonder
Aileen Fisher, by permission of
Ltd. All rights reserved.
So This Is Autumn," by W. W. Watt, from One Man's Meter by W. W. Watt. Copyright £ 1959 by W. W. Watt. Reprinted by permission of Holt. Rinehart and Winston,
Inc.
"Tomato Time," by Myra Cohn Livingston. From The Moon and a Star and Other Poems, £ 1965 by Myra Cohn Livingston. Reprinted by permission
of
Marian Reiner
Photograph from Island
Life
for
the author.
by Sherwin Carlquist,
Sherwin Carlquist. Reproduced by permission
Company.
Inc.
of
© 1965
by
Doubleday &
^
Volume 6
^T^t The Green
WM^^^
of Life
Contents Seasons of Life
The Plant
life
of plants in spring,
summer,
Ways
Plants are living things with their
own ways
of
life
^^S"^ ^^
Nature's Neighbors just as people do Plants live together in communities, •
...•••
87
Strange and Surprising Plants Many odd creatures belong to the Green Kingdom
Weeds and Wild Flowers Some weeds are pretty, some How Does Your Garden Grow?
No
matter where you
live,
•
are useful, and
•
Long Ago
The
plants,
first
r
•
•
•
•
.
.
•
....
171
.,
'
•
205
.
.
— and pleasure •
•
•
•
'
223
'
and true
tales,
nn,
•
,
"
,
done by people who work with plants 239 •
'
'
'
*
'
stories of plants
.",*,'
251 \
'
i
r
fight the dangers they face
•.•••,''
Look for a Lovely Thing The beauty of the Green Kingdom
New Words Index
c
•
•
•
Saving the Plants What we are doing to help plants
Illustration
•
tt
Tall Tales
1
161
in ages long past
and others that lived
different jobs
Legends, folk
...
'
one kind of tree from another
to tell
•
.
.
True Tales and
ot
193 .
People and Plants
The many
•
garden
beautiful gardens
Plants Do for Us things Plants give us fresh air, food, useful
What
•
•
*
•
^
Plants of
•
•
•
.
you can have some kind
Meet the Trees A game that shows you how
•
are dangerous
137 .
^ j Famous Gardens Some of the world's most famous and ,
•
•
some
49
is
.
.
265
.
.
.
274
.
.
always around us
Acknowledgments •
280
'
Childcraft— The
How and Why
Library
(Reg. U.S. Pat. Off
Copyright
©
1989, U.S.A. by World Book, Inc
Merchandise Mart Plaza, Chicago, All rights
reserved.
This volume
may
any form without Copyright Copyright
Book-^
**'•'. *
*
IBkl -".-.-
.V.V'i'^"
always green
*
*
-
*"#" »
•
,
.>.
flowering.
A
„
f
•
* *
•
*
• »
and
:
;
.
'
Botanical Garden,
Munich, Germany
r
•
#***
-«F *^^»*
^•^Sr •mA
Duke Gardens, Somerville, New Jersey
Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
Chateau Garden, Villandry, France
Formal gardens
A
formal garden
designs.
The
is
flowers
planted in careful are
arranged
in
squares, circles, or fancy shapes. Bushes
are often balls.
trimmed to
points, squares, or
Paths are long and straight.
Famous Gardens
Hampton Court Garden, Middlesex, England
Royal Gardens, Hannover, Germany
165
•;tfi
vv
a* \v.
5
*
*
-; .'£*;:
9
$"'
«
..
»**
££*
-***.
^JWL
J ,
v
»
**? >
*' if
ft
Natural gardens Natural gardens are often called wild gardens because they look just like an ordinary woodland or meadow. But most of the plants in a natural
fully planted
by
garden are care-
people.
A natural garden may be small or it may be big enough to have lakes or streams or mountains in
it.
National Botanic Garden, Kirstenbosch, South Africa
••
*
Famous Gardens
azaleas at
in full
bloom
Magnolia Gardens,
Charleston,
South Carolina
Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco, California
*to
167
168
I
The Green Kingdom
Favorite gardens In every part of the world, people have
a favorite kind of garden. In Japan, people like gardens that have little
bridges in them. In India, gardens
often have ponds filled with water
lilies.
may have many
ferns.
Gardens
in
Hawaii
Gardeners in other parts of the world often copy these favorite gardens. Foster Botanic Garden, Honolulu, Hawaii
A *
Daigo Temple Garden, Kyoto, Japan
Botanic Garden, Calcutta, India
Mount Usher Garden, Ashford,
Ireland
pWV-
171
Meet the Trees Can you
tell
Can you
tree?
an oak tree from a maple tell
one kind of Christmas
from another?
tree
There are
But
it's
easy to
Each kind flowers,
many tell
of tree
different kinds of trees.
one kind from another. has leaves, bark,
and seeds that are
different
those of every other kind of tree.
fruit,
from
Some
even have leaf-scar "faces" that help can tell one tell them apart. And you
trees
you
the kind of Christmas tree from another by
cones and needles. the next 15 pages
On
is
a game about
a game in which you follow a through a spooky forest. If you take
trees. It's
path
But the wrong path you'll be in danger! the trees will help you. tell
If
you can learn to
you'll one kind of tree from another,
always be on the right path. So,
come
on—meet
the trees!
172
|
The Green Kingdom
The tree-path game Come forest.
take a walk through this spooky
But be
wrong path
careful! If
you'll
you choose a
be captured by giant
spiders or eaten by crocodiles!
You can
play this
game by
yourself. It
begins here and ends on page 186. the
game pages
forest,
with
On
all
you'll find pictures of the
many
paths.
You must
take
the right paths to get "home."
Each picture has a signboard that
tells
you what paths to take. Each path
marked by a picture or
some other part
is
of a leaf, or bark,
of a tree. So,
if
the
signboard says to take the "oak path,"
you must look
for the path that has
thing from an oak tree next to If
some-
Use
this tree identification
chart to find the right paths. it.
you don't know much about trees,
look at the tree identification chart below
the picture. If you need to find an oak ailanthus
path, look for the oak tree on the chart.
Under the oak
tree are pictures of an oak
tree's leaf, nut, flower,
and bark. Look for
leaf
or needle
the path that has a picture of one of these things next to
it.
It's
the oak path. flower
If it
you take a wrong path,
when you turn the page.
lead into danger.
All
When you
you'll
know
or
bud
wrong paths
find
you have
taken a wrong path, turn back and try to
fruit
or cone
find the right one. bark
\ &
• apple
•
ash
aspen
basswood
(white)
(quaking)
(American linden)
Did you take the wrong path? Look at these clues to find your mistake.
9
Use
this tree identification chart to find the
right paths. Start
the
game on page
172.
m
apple
basswood
apple
beech
birch
(American)
(paper)
leaf
or needle
ailanthus
flower or
ash
fruit
or
N 174
aspen
bud
cone
bark
N ^ #
c
+
i*^5l MHR^pa^i, A^
^Jk3
ir^.i/*'
i &
* ''Srt
**v* '
S
/
^ f
Vk\
1
A,
*
J
• honey locust
horse chestnut
4* Joshua tree
linden
(European)
* y
^^
n IB 179
Did you take the wrong path? Look at
these clues to find your mistake.
Use
this tree identification chart to find the
right paths. Start the
game on page
172.
hickory
Joshua
tree
magnolia
maple (sugar)
* **
horse chestnut
leaf
or needle
holly
flower
or bud
honey locust
fruit
or cone
/ 180
linden
bark
•
f oak (white)
olive
orange
palm (cabbage palmetto)
SSHs
•
li r|*»
It
inifTfl
A
K,
ft
^9^
f 1
«M^
•'
>| f
'
* --
m^muBh
^
^H
EAl i
r
251
Saving the Plants Conservation ing things that soil,
It
care,
is
a word that means "sav-
come from nature"— air,
water, animals, and plants.
might seem as
if
plants don't need
but they do. Plants can get
as people can. Insects can
leaves or roots until
sick, just
chew up a plant's Fire can turn
it dies.
a forest into a pile of ashes.
People and the things they too.
dangers, trucks,
and
factories can
out of plants.
which to
Polluted
And
cause
from
cars,
air
choke the
is
dug up
mines, factories, roads, and parking
We
life
plants lose space in
when ground
live
make
for
lots.
need to save the plants. They give
us beauty. They give us food. give us fresh
air.
We
And they
couldn't live without
them That's
why
conservation
is
important.
252
I
The Green Kingdom
smut on corn
Smut Many
is
of
a tiny plant called a fungus. these plants sometimes grow
on corn and make
it
rot
and
die.
Saving the Plants
|
253
Deadly enemies Some deadly enemies
of plants lurk in the
Green
Kingdom!
They are what
like
tiny plants called fungi, that look some-
cobwebs. Not
are plant killers.
They
all
fungi are deadly, but
some
fasten themselves to plants and
use them as food. The fungi grow and multiply, causing the other plants to become slimy and rotten. These plant-killing fungi have nasty-sounding names such as
smut, blight, rust, and mildew.
Can these They
little
monsters cause trouble for people?
certainly can. In Ireland, in the year 1845, a
fungus called blight attacked the potato crop. And because nearly a million Irish people starved to death, potatoes were their chief food. in Once, beautiful chestnut trees grew everywhere North America. They're almost all gone now. They
were
killed
by
blight.
Most plants are helpless when fungi attack them. But people can help plants Scientists
fight these little monsters.
have found chemicals that help keep plants
from being attacked. They have
also learned
how
to
Scientists are raise plants that fungi will not attack. better ways to save plants still working to find new and
from their deadly fungi enemies.
Saving the Plants
255
|
Insect enemies Suppose you could make yourself as tiny as an insect. Then, suppose you sat on a leaf in a garden and were very
still.
You would probably hear
munching, crunching noise
summer away
long,
all
around you. For,
billions of insects
day and night,
all
chew
at plants.
Many
insects are truly plant enemies.
ours— corn, wheat,
they're
same
tomatoes, potatoes, and
fruit.
protect plants
from
There are several ways
Some people use
insects.
And
often the
our enemies, too, because their food as
a
to
is
poison sprays, but
many
of
these sprays are dangerous. Gardeners and farmers
know
that one of the best
insects
is
Once, alfalfa
ways
to protect plants
from
with other insects. insects called aphids
little
were damaging
crops in California. The farmers turned thou-
sands of ladybugs loose in their
fields.
The ladybugs
gobbled up the aphids and saved the crops.
Using insects
to fight insects
is
the safest
way
to
ways. protect plants. Scientists are looking for other But Getting rid of harmful insect enemies is important. those has to be done with care. All insects, even of nature. that attack plants, help maintain the balance
it
tent caterpillars
Tent caterpillars are deadly enemies
of
often
plants.
A
eat
the buds or young leaves on a
all
tree.
nest of tent caterpillars
When
this
will
happens, the tree
will die.
256
|
The Green Kingdom
The enemy
in the air
Imagine a world that
is
—a world without beauty. in
which most
plain,
even ugly
Imagine a world
of the trees are dead.
Many
other plants are small and twisted. Leaves
and flowers are spotted with fruits,
disease.
And
such as grapes, apples, peaches, and
plums, can't grow. It
wouldn't be a very nice world. But
many is
scientists fear that's
going to be like some day
something about
—
if
we
don't do
air pollution!
Air pollution can
make you
cough. It sting.
But
does far worse things to plants. It
kills
also it
what our world
makes your eyes water and
trees.
It
keeps flowers from budding. It
spoils fruits
and vegetables.
Air pollution
But
scientists
working on
it.
is
a very serious problem.
and many other people are They're trying to clean up
the air and keep
people and plants.
it
clean, for the sake of
damaged aspen
leaves
These leaves were damaged by fumes from cars and trucks.
Air pollution,
and trucks,
caused by cars
is
killing this
pine tree near a highway
in
Hameenlinna, Finland. dying tree near a highway
ijff
*4F*
258
I
The Green Kingdom
mine or national park?
From open-pit mines such as the one in the top picture, we get a useful and important metal of
— copper. But
this kind
mine destroys both land and
The bottom picture shows a place where valuable metals have been found. Some plants.
people want to dig an open-pit
mine here. Others, who want to see the land stay the way it are trying to have the area declared a national park.
is,
Saving the Plants
259
|
The most dangerous enemies Plants and animals have enemies that are more
dangerous than any others. Their most dangerous
enemies are people. People are the only living creatures that have ever caused other living creatures to become extinct. The dodo, the passenger pigeon, and the great auk,
hunted and
killed
by people, are gone
Now, the same kind
of thing
Green Kingdom. Plants need land need roads, houses, and parking is
lots.
is
forever.
happening
to grow.
factories, mines,
all
in the
But people
shopping centers,
So trees are chopped down, and land
cleared and built on and paved. Little by
little,
the
great forests, the coastal marshlands, and the wide, rolling prairies are disappearing.
We
need the things that can be
or taken out of
it.
But
if
built
we change
too
on the land
much
land,
upset the balance of nature. If this happens, also people might someday become extinct. People
we may
this need the natural beauty of unspoiled land. Without life. beauty, people might lose their very love of
How answer
can is
we
solve this problem? In one way, the
simple.
We
must save some land and use
other land. But which land should land can
we
we
save, and which
use? People in government, industry, and
answer to this private groups are trying to find a good difficult question.
,p i
4 *
I
j
u
i
i
Saving the Plants
261 |
Fire!
The
forest rangers are worried.
weather
is
The
hot and there has been no rain
They know the
for a long time.
forest
is
would take only a
as dry as sawdust. It
tiny spark to turn the whole forest into
a roaring, raging sea of
From
their
fire!
watchtower high above
the trees, the rangers see a thin spiral of
smoke. Fire! There's a
A
the forest!
help goes out. Fire
call for
quick
fire in
fighters rush to the blaze in trucks.
Work-
ing quickly, they battle the blaze with
streams of water and shovelfuls of soil. They chop down trees and dig up the
ground to keep the
fire
from spreading.
Overhead, airplanes swoop over the
dropping water and chemicals on other planes
come
fire
it.
fighters
They parachute
smoke jumpers.
fire,
From called
into
places that the fire fighters on the ground can't reach easily.
At
last, after
days, the
hours, or perhaps even
fire is out.
that might have
Thousands of trees
become blackened stumps
have been saved.
A forest its
is
long in groiving, but
ashes are
made
in
a moment. Seneca
planting a tree
Some
children
Sacramento,
in
California, got permission to
make
a park out of an empty
lot.
Working together, they planted
more than a hundred trees and shrubs. The park will be kept wild and used as an outdoor
classroom for nature study.
collecting wastepaper
Wastepaper can help save It
can be sold to
mills that will
make new paper from fewer trees
down
to
will
have
be made
trees!
it.
to
Then be cut
into paper.
Saving the Plants
What you can do You may
|
263
to help
think there's not
much you can do
to help
save plants. But there are lots of things you can do!
Here are
just a few.
Save your family's old newspapers and wastepaper.
Boy
Scouts, Girl Scouts, and other groups often collect
old paper. It can be sent to places that will
paper from
down
to
it.
make new
This means that fewer trees will be cut
be made into paper.
you have a lawn, rake the leaves that fall on it autumn. Don't burn them. That pollutes the air.
If
in
Instead, rake
leave
them
them where
into a pile that's flat on top
and
They
will
rain can soak into them.
humus. Spread rot and turn into dark, muddy-looking on your lawn and it will make the soil richer the
humus
for the grass
and other plants.
Sometimes you can help plants by not doing things. bark Don't peel bark from trees. The outside The tree from insects and fungus enemies.
protects a
inner bark
moves food from the leaves
Peeling off a tree's bark
When
may
to the roots.
cause the tree to
you pick wild flowers, don't take them
some grow
so that they can
next year, there will be
everyone to enjoy.
make
all.
die.
Let
seeds. Then, the
many more
wild flowers for
265
Look for a Lovely Thing Look around you! The beauty Green Kingdom
Meadows
fills
of the
the world!
in spring are
green and gold and pink.
gay carpets
of
Autumn wood-
lands glow with fiery reds and purples.
And
in winter, the
snow-covered branches
of trees give forests a roof of silvery lace.
There's beauty in a bright,
summer
flower, splashed with sparkling raindrops.
There's beauty in a dead, dry
leaf, glint-
ing with a touch of frost. There's beauty in
bark and branches, in
petals, stems,
and
seeds.
Beauty
is
all
around you. The Green
Kingdom makes the world a to live
lovely place
in.
Look for a It is not
far
lovely thing
and you will find it,
—
It never will be far.
from Night Sara Teasdale timothy and brome grass
in
moonlight
266
I
The Green Kingdom
•
0^
desert cacti at daybreak
The mists
of daybreak
seem
To paint as with a fairy brush
A
landscape in a dream.
Mists of Daybreak Yosa Buson
pickerelweed
Rushes in a watery
And
place,
reeds in a hollow
from Rushes in a Christina Rossetti
.
Watery Place
in
a pond
fungi
Lord, how manifold are thy works!
In wisdom hast thou made them ins
The
all:
earth is full of thy riches.
Psalms 104:24
To
every thing there is
And
A
a time
time
to
to be
a season,
squirreitail
grass
every purpose under heaven:
born and a time
to die
.
.
.
Ecclesiastes 3:1-2
black oak leaves
bristlecone pine bole
We
paused amid
The giants
the pines that stood
of the waste,
Tortured by storms
As
to
shapes as rude
serpents interlaced
.
.
.
from The Recollection Percy Bysshe Shelley
Look
for a
Lovely Thing
•/
271 |
i
birch bark
Birch-tree! "Lay aside your cloak, Lay aside your white-skin wrapper,
For
the
Summer-time
and
the
sun
And you
is
warm
is
coming,
in heaven,
need no white-skin wrapper!" from The Song of Hiawatha
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
272
I
The Green Kingdom
A
thing of beauty is a joy for ever:
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness
.
.
.
From Endymion John Keats
salsify
Look
for a
Lovely Thing
273 |
274
New Words Here are some this book.
of
They may be new
them are words
—so
know. Some
of
may
words you've met
of the
other books
Many
to you.
meet again
you'll
A biologist is a in
they're good words to
them are flower names that
word you are shown how to say it correctly: acid (AS ihd). Put the emphasis
to each
letters.
word shown in capital Under each word, the meaning is of the
given in a complete sentence.
An
acid
is
a chemical substance strong
enough to dissolve things.
An how
is
a person
who
plants and animals live together
The weather
a biome.
(BAHT uh
botanist
(AL
jee)
They live in water and make their own food.
roots, or leaves. soil
alyssum (uh
Alyssum It
is
as a vegetable.
(BULL a
is
KAY oh) is
a kind of evergreen tree.
seeds.
calamus
(KAL uh muhs) is
a plant with long, sword-
rose, or
white
carbon dioxide
(KAHR buhn dy AHK syde)
(AN you
annual
is
uhl)
a plant that lives only one
Carbon dioxide is a heavy, that does not have an odor.
(KAR uh teen) (KAR uh tihn)
carotene
(AN
biochemist
carotin
thuhr)
(BY oh
biochemist
actions
its
shaped leaves.
The anther is a tiny sack on a stem inside a flower. The anthers hold the pollen.
A
slender plant that grows
a plant of the mustard family.
year.
anther
ruhsh)
tall,
in or near water.
Calamus
LIHS uhm)
has small yellow, pink,
An
eaten
or
flowers.
annual
is
Cocoa and chocolate are made from
Algae are green plants without stems, moist
lee)
an annual plant that
is
The cacao algae
limits the kinds of
nihst)
(BRAHK uh
cacao (kuh
better.
called
A botanist is a person who studies plants.
Bulrush studies
is
plants and animals that can live there.
to improve the soil so that crops can
grow
studies living
In nature, a place where certain kinds of
bulrush
GRAHN uh mihst)
agronomist
who
biome (BY ohm)
Broccoli
agronomist (uh
person
things.
broccoli
(AS ihd)
acid
jihst)
in
be hard for you to pronounce. Next
on the part
AHL uh
biologist (by
is
KEHM ihst)
a person
and changes
ing things.
who
studies the
of substances in liv-
Carotene
is
colorless gas
or
a red or yellow color found in
plants and animals. Carrots have carotene. cauliflower
(KAW
Cauliflower
is
luh flou uhr)
an annual plant that
eaten as a vegetable.
is
New Words
(SEHL uh
celery
Celery
is
ree)
a plant with crisp, long stalks
eaten as a vegetable or in salads.
of
soil,
minerals, plants, and animals.
The cycad
cell is
the smallest part of
air,
cycad (SY kad)
cell (sel)
A
resources—water,
natural
use
275
living
all
a palmlike, cone-bearing
is
plant found in
warm
areas.
things.
(SY pruhs) Cypress is an evergreen
cypress
(SIHR
cereal
Cereal oats,
ee uhl)
wheat or
plant, such as
any
is
that produces a grain used
for
leaves,
overlapping
green,
tree with dark
and
hard
wood.
food.
chemist
A
(KEHM
chemist
dahlia ihst)
Dahlia
who
a person
is
studies simple
substances to find out what they are made of, how they act, and how they
is
a
yuh)
tall
(KLAWR
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
made by
is
delphinium (del
the green coloring matter
chloroplast
is
uh
a tiny, round package
chrysanthemum (kruh that bloom
is
in the
SAN
ee
uhm)
a plant that has blue
is
(DY uh tahm)
diatom
plast)
found in some plant
Chrysanthemum
diatom
A
(KLAWR
FIHN
flowers on a tall stalk.
fihl)
plants.
chloroplast
of color
uh
plant having large flowers
that bloom in the autumn.
Delphinium
change.
A
(DAL
dy JEHST) plant or animal digests food by
JEHST
digest (duh
A
a tiny water plant.
is
or
dis-
cells.
thuh
solving
it
inside itself.
muhm)
a plant with flowers
fiber
A
autumn.
(FY buhr)
piece of a fiber is a long, threadlike
plant.
cinnamon (SIHN uh muhn)
Cinnamon
is
a spice
made from
the bark
fungus
A
of a tropical laurel tree.
(FUHNG
fungus
leaves, or
coleus
(KOH
Coleus
is
lee uhs)
a plant belonging to the mint
family, having showy, colorful leaves. conifer
(KOH nuh
any of a large group of trees and shrubs, most of which are evergreen
A
conifer
is
and bear cones. conservation
is
sir
VAY shun)
the protection and wise
(FUN
jy).
gall (gawl)
gall is a
lump that forms on
leaves,
where these stems, or roots of plants been hurt by insects or fungi.
have
geranium (juh
(KAHN
Conservation
a plant without flowers, chlorophyll. Two or more such is
plants are called fungi
A
fuhr)
guhs)
RAY
nee uhm)
Geranium is a plant with sweet-smelling leaves and pretty flowers.
The Green Kingdom
276
(GIHNG
ginkgo
Ginkgo
are growing together so that they look
koh)
a large tree with leaves shaped
is
like
one plant.
It looks like
moss.
like little fans.
macadamia (mak uh
(GLAD
gladiolus
Gladiolus
ee
(HEE
heliotrope
Heliotrope
luhs)
a plant with long leaves and
is
handsome
large,
OH
maize (mayz)
uh trohp)
lee
Maize
dark blue in
color. It is also
any plant
whose flowers turn to follow the sun.
PAT
bloom
Indian corn.
is
(MIHN
mineral
A
mineral
a substance that
is
uh kuh)
(MIHS
mistletoe
in early spring.
Mistletoe
herb
parts are used for medicine, seasoning, food, or perfume.
A
oleander (oh
Oleander
Orchid
is
growing flowers,
a person skilled in
fruits, vegetables,
and
other plants.
ovule
is
(OH
oxygen
made by the
kihd)
a plant with beautiful, queerly
vyool)
the part of a plant that
is
develops into a seed.
a black or dark-brown
is
a poisonous evergreen.
is
The ovule
humus (HYOO muhs)
Humus
duhr)
shaped flowers.
KUHL chuhr ihst)
horticulturist
uhl toh)
AN
le
(AWR
orchid
horticulturist
(hawr tuh
not
white berries and yellow flowers.
a plant whose leaves or other
is
is
a plant with small, waxy,
is
herb (urb)
An
uhr uhl)
animal or vegetable.
a plant with flowers that
is
or shrub that grows
are good to eat.
flowers.
flowers that range from light purple to
Hepatica
Macadamia is a tree in Hawaii. The nuts
a plant with sweet-smelling
is
hepatica (hih
DAY mee uh)
rotting of leaves
soil
(AHK
Oxygen
and other It is
suh juhn)
a gas without color or odor.
is
part of the air that you breathe.
parts of plants. hyacinth
(HY uh
The hyacinth little
is
papyrus (puh
sihnth)
a plant with bunches of
bell-shaped flowers on the ends of
long stalks.
Joshua tree
to
make
penicillin
(JAHSH u uh
The Joshua
Papyrus
tree
is
tree)
a small tree that grows
is
(pehn uh
(LY kuhn) is
fungi and algae plants that
water plant once used
SIHL
ihn)
Penicillin is a medicine first
made from
green mold. penicillium
Lichen
ruhs)
tall
paper.
in the desert. lichen
PY a
(PEHN uh SIHL
Penicillium penicillin.
is
the fungi
uhm) used to make ee
New Words
REHN
perennial (puh
A
perennial
sisal
ee uhl)
a plant that lives more
is
SEHT
(poyn
Poinsettia
Sisal is a strong fiber
by
flower surrounded
large red leaves
that look like petals.
A spore is a single cell that comes from a plant and can develop into a new plant. stigma
(STIHG muh)
The stigma pollen
(PAHL
Pollen
uhn)
receives the pollen.
When
flowers.
of
reaches a flower's ovule, a seed
is
pollen
usually
To
sumac (SOO mak)
(PAHL uh
pollinate
are poisonous to the touch.
(SIHK uh mawr) Sycamore is a large, common shade
sycamore nayt)
to carry pollen from one
is
are plants with divided leaves;
Sumac some
formed. pollinate
the part of a plant that
is
a yellowish powder formed in
is
anthers
the
used for making
spore (spawr)
ee uh)
a plant having a small
is
uhl)
rope or twine.
than two years. poinsettia
(SIHS
277
its fruit
tree;
looks like a small, greenish ball.
flower to another.
tamarack rhubarb
(ROO
Rhubarb
is
are used for
bahrb)
(SAL suh
salsify
Salsify
pies
thick stalks
and
sauces.
tendril
a purple-flowered plant;
is
off in
fy) its
roots are eaten as a vegetable.
rak)
a tree of the pine family with small cones and needles that fall
Tamarack
a plant whose
making
(TAM uh is
the autumn.
(TEHN
druhl)
A tendril is the threadlike part of a climbsomething ing plant that attaches itself to
and helps support the (SAS uh
sassafras
a slender American tree; its used in making medicine, candy,
Sassafras
bark
and
fras)
is
is
thistle
Thistle
uhl)
a plant that
is
is
thickly covered
with sharp points.
tea. truffle
(SEED
seedling
A
(THIHS
plant.
seedling
is
ling)
Truffle
a young plant grown from
a seed.
(SEHN
is
(such as light)
thought of as
being sensitive. sequoia (sih
Sequoia
is
(TUHN
lies just
tall
evergreen tree.
it
is
druh)
a great, treeless plain that
below the area of
ice
and snow
that surrounds the North Pole. xanthophyll
KWOY uh) a very
a fungus that can be eaten;
The tundra
suh tihv)
Anything that responds to an outside force
is
uhl)
grows underground. tundra
sensitive
(TRUHF
(ZAN thuh
Xanthophyll
autumn
is
leaves.
fihl)
the yellow color found in
278
Illustration
acknowledgments The publishers
of Childcraft gratefully
acknowledge
the courtesy of the following artists, photographers, publishers, agencies,
and corporations
for
volume. Page numbers refer to
illustrations in this
two-page spreads. The words "(left)," "(center)," "(top)," "(bottom)," and "(right)" indicate position on the spread. All illustrations are the exclusive property of the publishers of Childcraft unless
names
1:
4-19:
20-25: 26-27:
28-29: 30-31: 32-39:
40-41:
42-43 44-45 46-47 48-49
are marked with an asterisk
(*).
Robert Keys
78-79:
Gyo Fujikawa James Teason
80-81
(top right) George Suyeoka; (bottom) James Teason George Suyeoka (top right) George Suyeoka; (bottom) James Teason George Suyeoka (top left) Hermann Eisenbeiss. Photo Researchers *; (bottom left) Jerome Wexler, NAS *; (right) James Teason (left) U.S. Dept. of Agriculture *; (right) James Teason
Harold Hungerford (left) Robert Keys;
*
(right)
Edward
S.
Ross
*
58-59:
Jean Helmer ' Irvin L. Oakes, NAS (top left and bottom center) Sven Samelius *; (top right) Ken Brate. Photo Researchers *; (left and right center) Walter Chandoha *; (bottom left) Russ Kinne. Photo Researchers '; (bottom right) from Grant Heilman *; art, Jean Helmer Russ Kinne, Photo Researchers * (top left) Jane Burton. Bruce Coleman Ltd. *; (bottom left) Edward S. Ross *; (top, center and bottom right) Torkel Korling *; art, Jean Helmer Les Blacklock, Tom Stack & Assoc. *
60-61:
(top left
50-51
52-53
54-55: 56-57:
and
right) Torkel Korling
*;
(top center)
Coleman
62-63: 64-65:
66-67:
68-69:
70-71: 72-73:
74-75:
76-77:
84-85:
86-87 88-89
Harry McNaught (left)
Childcraft photos; (right)
90-91
(top)
Walter
92-93 94-95
(top
98-99:
100-103 104-105 106-107 108-109
Ltd.
Ron Church and
*;
'
top center) Ron Church. Tom Stack & Associates "; (bottom left) Eileen Tanson, Tom Stack & Associates *; (center) Joan E. Rahn •; (bottom center) Walter Dawn *; (bottom right) Carleton Ray. Photo
110-113 114-115 116-117
(top left
Researchers '; art, Jean Helmer Gale Belinky. Photo Researchers * (top left and bottom right) Noble Proctor, Photo Researchers *; (top center and top right) Les Blacklock, Tom Stack & Associates *; (bottom left) Sven Samelius *; art, Jean Helmer Loren Mclntyre, Woodfin Camp, Inc. * (top left and bottom right) Edward S. Ross *; (top right) Russ Kinne, Photo Researchers *; (bottom left) G. R. Roberts *; (bottom center) Jacques Jangoux *; art, Jean Helmer Gene Ahrens. Bruce Coleman Inc. * (top left) R. H. Lynam. Tom Stack & Associates '; (top center) Harold Hungerford *: (top right) Paolo Koch, Photo Researchers *; (center) Edward S. Ross *; (bottom left) Andy Bernhaut. Photo Researchers *; (bottom center) Walter Chandoha *; (bottom right) Alan Pitcairn from Grant Heilman *; art. Jean Helmer
118-119 120-121 122-123
Dawn
126-127: 128-129:
130-131 132-133:
134-135:
Edward
S.
*
Ross
(bottom) Childcraft photos
left) Jane Burton, Bruce Coleman Ltd. Russ Kinne, Photo Researchers *; (bottom
Degginger
*;
(top right)
left
and
right)
*
Walter Chandoha *; (bottom left) Walter Dawn (right) Lou Bory Cfop left) Charles Belinky, Photo Researchers *; (top center) Grant Heilman *; (right) E. R. Degginger "; " (bottom) Victor Englebert, Photo Researchers Harry McNaught (top
left)
*;
S. Ross "; (bottom right) Karl Weidmann * David Muench (left) David Muench *; (right) from Island Life by Sherwin Carlquist, £ 1965 by Sherwin Carlquist. Reproduced by * permission of Doubleday & Company. Inc. Betty Fraser * Hugh Spencer, NAS Cfop center) Torkel Korling *; (bottom left) Dorothy M. Compton, NAS *; art, Betty Fraser (left) Harold Hungerford *; (right) Betty Fraser * (left) Betty Fraser; (right) M. E. Warren
Edward
Don Renfro, NAS *; (left) Alvin E. Staffan, NAS *; Edward S. Ross "; (right) Richard Parker, NAS * (bottom) Larry Moon, Tom Stack & Associates (top)
(center)
124-125:
*;
Lou Bory
E. R.
96-97:
Degginger
*; (bottom left) G. D. Plage, Bruce (bottom center) Edward S. Ross *; (right center) Harold Hungerford, Tom Stack & Associates *; (bottom right) Jack Dermid "; art, Jean Helmer
E. R.
82-83:
*
Steve and Dolores McCutcheon Crop left) Jen and Des Bartlett, Bruce Coleman Ltd '; (top center) Russ Kinne. Photo Researchers "; (bottom left and center) Steve and Dolores McCutcheon *; (bottom right) Sven Samelius *; art, Jean Helmer " David Muench (top left) Heinz Schrempp *; (top center) Boyd Norton *; Crop right) Sven Samelius *; (bottom left) V. B. Sheffer, NAS *: (center) Torkel Korling *; (bottom right) Klaus W. Biith, Anthony-Verlag *; art, Jean Helmer
";
left) B Patti Murray, Earth Scenes "; (bottom left) Marcia W. Griffen, Earth Scenes "; (right) Betty Fraser * (left) Betty Fraser; (right) Grant M. Haist, NAS (left) John Neel, Tom Stack & Associates "; (right) Betty Fraser (bottom left) Walter Dawn *; (center) Betty Fraser; (right) Russ Kinne, Photo Researchers " (bottom left and top center) E. R. Degginger *; (top left) Jane Burton, Photo Researchers *; (center) Joan E. Rahn *; (bottom center) Alvin E. Staffan, NAS *; (top right) Edward S. Ross *; (bottom right) C. G. Maxwell, * Photo Researchers (left and top left) Walter Chandoha '; (top right) Veryl Schiebner, Photo Researchers ': (bottom left) Hoppock Associates *; (bottom right) Gene Ahrens, Bruce
(top
Coleman
"
Inc.
Acknowledgments
Illustration
Jack Endevelt (top right) Josephine Von Miklos
136-137: 138-139:
236-237: 238-239: 240-241 242-243:
(bottom) C. William
*;
Randall
Wayne Stuart (left) Wayne Stuart;
140-141: 142-143: 144-145: 146-147: 148-153: 154-155: 156-159: 160-161: 162-163:
(right) Childcraft
photos 244-245: 246-247: 248-249: 250-251 252-253: 254-255: 256-257:
*
Miller (left)
Services Rapho Guillumette
*;
Wayne
(right)
Stuart
C. William Randall Wayne Stuart C. William Randall
Raymond Hermann Eisenbeiss *; (top) Gottscho-Shleisner, Kennett *; (bottom right) Longwood Gardens,
Charles (left)
Inc.
258-259: 260-261 262-263: 264-265: 266-267:
*
Square, Pa. (left) Frances Bannett, DPI
164-165:
(top right) T.
*;
M.
Ronny
McCausland, Bruce Coleman Inc. *; (bottom * Jaques, Photo Researchers *; (top right) Van Bucher, DPI Gajda, John (top left) ' McQuitty Photo Researchers *; (bottom) William McQuitty *; (bottom left) (top and bottom right) William * Van Bucher, Photo Researchers right)
166-167168-169:
188-189: 190-191 192-197: 198-199: 200-201: 202-203: :
Museum
Childcraft photos courtesy Field History,
Robert Keys Childcraft photos
210-21V
(top right) International Harvester Co.
NAS
and Max Hunn,
right) Kit
Norman Weaver
*; art,
Weyerhaeuser Company
(left)
Heilman art,
216-217-
*;
right) Fritz
(bottom
E. R.
left)
left)
Degginger
Walter
(left)
(bottom
Edward S.Ross John Moss.
right)
Norman Weaver
'
(left) (left)
British (left)
(top right)
Edward
S.
Ross
,
*
Columbia Forest Service
Charles Fiore Nurseries,
'
Inc.
*;
(right) Miller
*
Three Lions * Scenes
(left)
*;
Schulke, Black Star Institute © Lawrence Migdale *; (right) Tuskegee ' Peter Larsen *; (right) Walter Dawn right) Flip
Services
234-235:
•;
Childcraft photo; (right)
Charles Stone Jack Endevelt (left) Walter Dawn (bottom
226-227: 228-229: 230-231: 232-233:
(top right)
*;
Dawn *
Photo Researchers :
(top right) Grant
Henle, Photo Researchers
Norman Weaver
(top
(bottom
218-219: 220-221 222-223: 224-225:
*;
*;
(right)
© Wendy
Neefus, Earth
*
Edward
Ross
S.
*
Bischoff; (right) Miller (left) Klaus Winter and Helmut ' Services *; art, Susi Weigel Joy Spurr, Bruce Coleman Inc. ' John H. Gerard, NAS (left) Pauline Baynes; (right) Childcraft photo (top) Babs Van Wely; (bottom)
Lamont
Lyle
*
Linda Hungerford * Louis Quitt, NAS
Urbana * McHugh, Photo Researchers * Norton Boyd ' Jack Dermid, Bruce Coleman Inc.
at Crop; University of Illinois
Tom
Myers,
Dan
Morrill
David AsSOCIStGS (left)
*;
Tom Stack & Associates ' from Vince Kamin Muench
*;
(right)
(bottom)
© Tom
*
Joan Busta,
Tom
Stack &
;
(bottom
270-271
272-273
Bill
Cover:
Norman Weaver
212-213: 214-215-
David Muench
William Stobbs; (right)
(left)
(top
'
.
(bottom
*;
(right)
*;
of Natural
Norman Weaver
*;
Monica Laimgruber
left)
Chicago
204-205: 206-207: 208-209:
Fenn
& Associates left) John Neel, Tom Stack *; (right) Joan Zaner Miller, Tom Stack & Associates * E. Rahn from Vince Kamin * *: (right) James Milmoe (left) David Muench
268-269:
Robert Keys Rutherford Piatt (left) Grant Heilman *; (right) Boston *; (right) Lyle Lamont (left) © Miro Vintoniv, Stock Alex Ebel Harold Hungerford *; art, Alex Ebel Edward S. Ross *; art, Alex Ebel
170-187:
Albert
(left)
279
|
Ratcliffe
Roberta Polfus
280 bearberry
Index
219
(plant), picture,
beavertail cactus (plant), picture,
76 an alphabetical list of the important topics covered in this book. It will help you find information given in both words and pictures. To help you understand what an entry means, there is often a helping word in parentheses. For example, bariey (cereal grass). If there is information in both words and pictures, you will see the words with pictures after the page number. If there is only a picture, you will see the word picture before the page number. If you do not find what you This index
is
want in this index, please go to the General Index which is a key to all of the books.
Volume
in
15,
bee
(insect), pollination by, 39,
40, with pictures
beech, American beet
(plant),
how
(tree),
identify, pictures,
1
to
74
208
beet, sugar, 210, with picture bells of Ireland (plant),
155
picture,
berry blackberry, picture, 209 dye from, 218, with pictures
acanthus
(plant), picture,
agronomist, work
73
228, with
of,
how
(tree),
pictures, air,
plant's
to identify,
172
use
aspen
of, 28, with
autumn
oxygen to plants
by, 256, with pictures
aloe
(plants), 92, with pictures;
257
alyssum, sweet 147
(plant), picture,
of,
shedding
of,
34-35, with
(tree),
identify, pictures,
American elm
1
(tree),
identify, pictures,
1
how
from, picture, 219 (plant),
growing from
seed, 141, with picture
how
to
see also elm (tree),
identify, pictures,
1
how
to
73
balsam
fir (tree),
1
75
(tree),
with pictures
see also community; insect annual plants, 150-151, with pictures
baobab
190, with
213
part),
38-39, with
(tree), picture,
(insect),
255; picture, 94
1
04
identifying tree by, pictures,
bud
bole
172-185
1
73
(tree),
how
identify, pictures,
of,
picture, (plant),
270 208, with picture
1
6 underground, see bulb
to
vegetable, 208, with pictures
73
(plant), picture,
spring, 8
72
32, with picture
bulb (underground bud), 152-153, with pictures tulip,
248, with picture; picture,
232-233
mistletoe on, picture, 102 aquarium, 142, with pictures
kidney, 208, with picture lima, 208, with picture
bulrush
arrowhead
scarlet runner, 208, with picture
60 bunchberry (plant),
(plant), 116, with
pictures; picture, 61
108, with
in winter,
(plant)
1
213
(tree),
172-185 in
barrel cactus (plant), 75
castor,
53
224, with
identifying tree by, pictures,
barley (cereal grass), 210, with
cacao, 212, with picture to identify, pictures,
of,
picture
broccoli
bean
209, with picture
1
(plant), picture,
work
bristlecone pine
cinnamon from, 210 dye from, 218
bauhinia vine
tree
bloodroot
to
85 disease), 253
identify, pictures,
blight (plant
85
how
pictures
bark, tree, 43, with pictures; 263
basswood
pictures
1
(tree),
Brazil nut, picture,
picture
anther (flower
190, with
black walnut
botanist,
picture
Anacharis (plant), picture, 142 animal extinct, 259 worm, used by plant for food, 97,
how
(spice), picture, 21
black spruce
black willow
identify, pictures,
American linden
fruit,
black pepper
nut, picture,
baby's tears (plant), picture, 142 balance of nature, 255; 259 bald cypress (tree), how to
76
23
picture
to
74
1
black oak leaves, picture, 269
tree, pictures, 52,
American beech
174
blackberry (fruit), picture, 209 black cherry (tree), picture, 134
30, with pictures
picture
aphid apple
picture, 27r 1
birch, pictures,
bird's nest fungus, picture,
leaf
avocado
(hard tree gum), 218, with
of,
paper
So This Is Autumn (poem), 21 autumn crocus (plant), color
213 76
(nut), picture,
sumac, as food, 128, with picture bilberry (plant), picture, 80 biochemist, work of, 223 biologist, work of, 223 biome, see community birch (tree), picture, 68 bark
pictures
(plant), picture,
amber
84
picture,
(season), 18
coloring
picture, 61
almond
damage,
quaking, pictures, 173
see also carbon dioxide;
damage
173
(tree), picture,
pollution
air pollution,
189
leaf-scar face, picture, white, pictures,
picture
algae
poisonous, 132, with pictures pictures,
183
pictures
ailanthus
ash (tree) European mountain,
snap, picture, 148
vegetable, 208, with pictures (plant), 59, with picture;
picture,
picture,
68
281
Chinese lantern picture,
chives
dye from, picture, 21 butterfly (insect), 14; 119 butternut
138
(plant), 92, with
cotton
28, 30, with pictures
189
leaf-scar face, picture,
part), 28, with
chloroplast (plant
nut, picture, 21 (plant),
smut on,
chlorophyll (plant coloring), 26,
219
Christmas
tree, 190, with
pictures
cabbage cabbage
208, with picture palmetto (tree), how to
(plant),
cactus
(plant), 75; pictures,
77, 139,
calamus
76-
266
(plant), 117, with
club mushroom, picture, Coal-Age plants, 201 with
pictures
candelabra cactus, picture, 77 cane, sugar, 210, with picture cannon-ball tree, picture, 72 carbon dioxide (gas) leaf's use of, 28
coal tar dye, 218
cockspur hawthorn
(plant
cypress, bald
how
(tree),
to
175
148
color
day leaves, 30, with
of, in
(tree),
how
to
83 identify, pictures, and (plants community 1
212, with picture
castor bean, 132, with picture catalpa, northern (tree), how to identify, pictures, 1 75 caterpillar, 14 (plant), 130, with picture
animals), 49
pictures, 44-45
(plant), 153, with
desert plants, 75-77
diatom
65
(plant), 63; picture,
diseases, plant, 253, with picture dodder (plant), 102, with pictures
dogwood, flowering fir (tree),
how
(tree),
to identify, pictures,
76
1
177; 190, with
pictures; picture, 230-231 "dropsical" tree, picture, 105
mountainside, 83-85, with
duck potato
(plant), 116, with
pictures
duckweed dye from
pictures
pictures; picture, 264-265 (plant), 208, with
delphinium
Douglas
northern forest, 67-69, with
ocean, 63-65, with pictures pond, 59-61 with pictures
cauliflower
lily (plant),
desert, 75-77, with pictures grassland, 54-57, with pictures
pictures
cattail (plant), 59, 126, with
209, with picture
(fruit),
picture
Colorado spruce
227
219
picture,
with pictures
wild, 129, with picture
(plant), picture, 219 daisy (plant), 125, with picture dandelion (plant), 112;
dahlia
date
from plants, 218, with pictures purpose of, on flowers, 39; 40,
Carver, George Washington
catnip
how
pictures
carrot (plant), 208, with picture;
(nut),
115
209, with
picture; picture, 1 49 cushion plant, 109, with picture
coconut, picture, 213 coleus (plant), picture, 139
changes
coloring), 30, with picture
cashew
(tree),
to identify, pictures, 177
94-97, with pictures
(scientist), picture,
(plant),
(plant),
,
,
picture,
cucumber
pictures
made by yeast, 91 with pictures carnivorous plant (insect-eating), carotene or carotin
219
identify, pictures,
23
1
how
(plant), 152, with picture;
picture,
cuckoopint
climbing plant, see vine clover (plant), 131, with picture purple prairie, picture, 57 club moss (plant), picture, 142
with picture
cacao bean, 212,
(plant), 153, with
picture
identify, pictures, 181
252
215, with
217
pictures;
crocus
see also evergreen tree
chrysanthemum
picture,
(plant),
cottongrass, picture, 81 cottonwood, eastern (tree), to identify, pictures, 175
picture; pictures, 31
96
see also bulb corn (cereal grass), 210, with picture; 55 Indian corn, 154, with picture
picture
picture,
butterwort
(plant),
Chlamydomonas
(tree)
dye from,
with picture
155
(plant), picture,
bud), 151,
corm (underground
chestnut blight (disease), 253
bur reed (plant), 59 buttercup (plant), 14; 125, with picture; picture, 85
(plant), 59; picture, 61
plants, 218, with
pictures
,
picture
cedar, eastern red
(tree),
identify, pictures,
celery
(plant),
how
to
,
175
208, with picture
cell plant, 28, with picture;
picture, 27 see also spore
cereal grass, 21
chemist, work
chestnut
0, with
pictures
(tree), picture,
(nut), picture, (tree),
identify, pictures,
134
179
pictures
copepod (sea
213
how
with picture
see also evergreen tree conservation, 251-263, with
of, 226, with
chestnut, horse
cone, pine, see pine cone cone-bearing tree, see conifer coneflower, picture, 57 conifer (cone-bearing tree), 67,
pictures
cherry, black
pictures rain forest, 71-73, with tundra, 78-81 with pictures woodland, 51-53, with pictures
to
animal), picture,
65 corallina (plant), picture, 64
eastern cottonwood
(tree),
to identify, pictures,
eastern hemlock
(tree),
(tree),
identify, pictures,
eastern red cedar
how
how
to
how
to
175 (tree),
identify, pictures, 1 82 edelweiss (plant), picture,
eelgrass, 63
to
183
(tree),
identify, pictures,
eastern white pine
how
75
177
identify, pictures,
eastern redbud
1
how 85
to
282 flax (plant), 215, with pictures
egg insect, 14; 42; 45, with
florist,
elm
(fruit),
picture,
219
English holly
how
(tree),
identify, pictures,
English ivy
1
to
172-185
Eudorina
213
(plant), 92, with picture
European linden
how
(tree),
identify, pictures,
1
to
79
European mountain ash
(tree),
to identify, pictures,
1
83
evergreen tree Christmas
movement nectar,
tree, 190, with
of,
northern forest, 67; pictures,
of,
39
on mountainside, 83 why they stay green
in
winter,
36-37, with pictures
see also fir; pine; spruce experiment with oxygen-making plant, pictures, 207 with yeast plants, pictures, 90-91
extinct animals, 259
ostrich plume, picture,
147
dogwood
(tree),
to identify, pictures,
flower
1
how
76
219
213
fir (tree)
foxglove
216
in
northern forest, 67
54, with picture
silver,
1
152, with picture
lily,
water, 59, with picture;
forest, 261, with picture
84
flavoring from plants, 212, with pictures
of the valley, 243, with
lotus, picture,
209
identifying tree by, pictures,
172-185
enemies of, 255 of, 45 of,
16; 38, 209, with
pictures
fungus
(plant)
of, picture, 268 mushroom, 122, with pictures plant enemy, 254, with picture
beauty
worm eaten
by, 97, with pictures
fungus name
60
219
60-61
marigold, picture, 150
fir
fire lily (plant), picture,
268
picture; picture,
90, with picture
see also Douglas fire,
52, with picture;
lily,
216
called vegetables, pictures,
seeds
lily
230, with
called grain, 210, with pictures
85
heliotrope, 246-247, with picture
picture,
of,
(plant), picture,
movement
1
work
fruit
grass flower, 40, with picture
1
230, with
261, with picture
fire,
insect
picture,
balsam, 190, with picture
forest
grape hyacinth, picture, 147
honesty,
of,
four-leaf clover (plant), 131
pictures, 44-45
iris,
filbert (nut), picture,
work
picture
fossil plant, 203, with pictures
219
hyacinth, grape, picture, 147
fiber, leaf, 217, with picture
forester,
picture; 261
crocus, 152, with picture;
lily,
woodland, 51-53, with pictures
forest ranger,
whisk, picture, 199
leaves as, 263
northern, 67-69, with pictures
pictures
picture
day
49
rain forest, 71-73, 98, with
autumn crocus, picture, 219 Chinese lantern, picture, 155 chrysanthemum, 153, with
picture,
with pictures
mountainside, 83, with picture
name
dahlia, picture,
,
plant community,
staghorn, 98, with picture
fertilizer,
(fungus),
122-123
Coal Age, 201
seeds from, 16 smell, purpose of, 39; 40
gladiolus, 151, with picture
fern (plant)
names of mushroom
agaric
forest, 230, with pictures
geranium, picture, 138
228, with pictures
of,
fly
pollination of, 38-40, with
gentian, mountain, picture,
study
see also weeds and wild
food additive, picture, 226 food-making process, plant, see photosynthesis
38, with pictures
of,
foxglove, picture,
see autumn farm plants enemies of, 255
60
perfume from, 218 picking, picture, 159
parts
delphinium, 153, with picture
fall,
232-233 59, with picture;
lily,
picture,
alyssum, sweet, picture, 147
68-69
water
flowers,
44, with pictures
purpose
flowering
pictures
hemlock, eastern, pictures, 177
152, 248, with pictures;
picture,
picture,
pictures
cedar, eastern red, pictures, 175
sweet alyssum, picture, 147 sweet pea, 44; picture, 151
248, with picture
tulip,
54, with picture
zinnia, picture, 151
241-242, with picture
thistle,
1
sunflower, 47; 113
of the valley, 243, with
picture
(nut), picture,
strawflower,
tulip,
legend or story about heliotrope, 246-247, with picture lily
(plant), 100, with
English walnut
in
identifying tree by, pictures,
78
picture
how
1 50 snapdragon, picture, 151
gardens, 150-153, with pictures
Elodea (plant), oxygen experiment with, pictures, 207 Engelmann spruce (tree), picture, 84
135
salvia, pictures, 40,
as dye, 218, with pictures purpose of, 40, with pictures
(tree)
(continued)
red salvia, picture, 150
color
American, pictures, 176 leaf-scar face, picture, 189
name
flower
poinsettia, picture,
flower
38
plant, 14;
234, with
of,
pictures
pictures; 119
elderberry
work
mountain gentian, picture, 85 orchid, 98, with picture; 71
123 253 club mushroom, picture, 123 fly agaric mushroom, picture, bird's nest, picture, blight,
122-123 morel mushroom, picture, 122
passionflower, picture, 73
puffball, picture,
pea, sweet, 44; picture, 151
slime mold, 94-95, with pictures
123
283
and growth of, 14 "eaten" by plant, 94-97, with
birth
flowers, 40, with picture
grass grassland community, 54-57,
toadstool, 122, with pictures yeast, 90-91 with pictures
115, with
insect
269
squirreltail, picture,
72
(plant),
picture
red top, picture, 56
smut, 253, with picture stinkhorn, picture,
Indian turnip
grass (continued)
fungus name (continued)
,
pictures
with pictures
gray-headed coneflower, picture, 57 green algae (plant), picture, 61 green color of leaves, 26, 28,
gall, insect, 42, with pictures
game, tree-path, 186 garden, kind
enemy
pictures, 172-
greenhouse, 234
pictures
aquarium, 142, with pictures flower, 150-153, with pictures
gum,
hawthorn, cockspur
pictures
to identify, pictures,
natural, 166, with pictures
hay
outdoor, 144, with picture rock, 147, with pictures
vegetable, 148-149, with pictures gardener, work of, 232, with
pictures
geranium (plant), picture, 138 ginkgo (tree), how to identify, gladiolus
(plant), 92, with picture
(plant), 154, with picture
leaf, insect galls on, picture,
42
Joshua tree, picture, 77 how to identify, pictures, jumping bean (plant), 45
pictures flower, 40, with picture
57
plant community, 54-57, with
to
78
how 1
(plant), picture,
rattlesnake, picture,
56
64 208, with
to
landscaper, work
79
(tree), 1
how
to
of,
232, with
picture
mountain
(tree),
135
picture, leaf
79
autumn
coloring
of,
30, with
pictures
,
horticulturalist,
work
of,
223
chlorophyll
in,
26, 28, 30, with
pictures
plant, 138-139, with
with effect of pollution on, 256,
picture
humus, 263 (plant), picture,
fertilizer
from,
263
picture fibers from, 217, with
203, with pictures
identifying tree by, pictures,
Indian, American, use of plants as food, 116, 120, with pictures;
113, 115, 126, 128 picture for medicine, 121, with Indian corn (cereal grass), 154, with picture
Indian potato
porcupine, 45
(plant),
picture
laurel,
pictures
57 102
(plant), picture,
Indian paintbrush
56
79
kola nut, 212, with picture
101, with
(plant),
Indian grass
pictures
1
kale (plant), picture, 154
fossil,
cereal grasses, 210, with
picture,
with picture
kidney bean
(plant),
grass
pampas,
1
(tree),
hyacinth, grape 147
vine, picture, 101
Indian, picture,
how
(plant), 115,
Jack-in-the-pulpit
kelp
pictures
44
grape hyacinth picture, 147
to
horsetail (plant), 127, with picture prehistoric, 201 with picture
house
grain, 210, with pictures grape (fruit), 209, with picture
38, with picture
142
how
78 213
1
identify, pictures,
identify, pictures,
(plant), 124, with
picture
in
honey locust
horse chestnut
picture
goldenrod
(tree),
picture
(plant), 151, with
1
(plant), 154, with picture
honeysuckle
177
pictures,
147 (plant), pictures, 52,
identify, pictures,
honesty
to
(plant),
hickory nut, picture, holly, English (tree),
158
how
77
1
identify, pictures,
gardens, famous, 161-169, with
tendril,
(tree),
hickory, shagbark
watering, picture, 158
plant,
poison, pictures, 101, 133
24
hemlock, eastern
hepatica
56, with pictures
weeding, picture,
77
1
as house
English, 100, with picture
picture
picture,
59
Maytime Magic (poem), 144 planting, picture, 157
gourd
1
hen and chickens
gardening
Gonium
fever,
identify, pictures,
picture
1
152, with picture;
268
ivy
how
hazelnut, picture, 213 heliotrope (plant), 246-247, with
terrarium, 142, with pictures
tips,
harvesting, pictures, 159, 215 (tree),
255
with pictures insect gall, 42, with pictures
tree, 218, with pictures
picture,
indoor, 138, 140-141, 162, with
1
to fight other insects,
insect-"eating" plants, 94-97,
pictures, 162-163,
iris (plant),
fun, 154, with pictures
42, with pictures
leaf,
pictures
used
formal, 164, with pictures
harvesting, picture,
of plant, 255, with picture
pollination by, 39, 40, with
30, with pictures
of, 168, with
on
gall
(plant),
(plant), 120, with
172-185 pictures insect galls on, 42, with pictures with 134, poisonous,
shedding
of,
34-35, with pictures
see also needle; photosynthesis pictures leaf-scar face, 189, with legends about plants, see
stories
plants
and legends about
284 lettuce (plant), 208, with picture; picture,
lichen (plant), 79 licorice (plant), 212, with picture life
mushroom,
1
cycle of plant,
paper, recycling
22, with pictures
mustard (spice), 210, Myriophyllum (plant),
148
with picture
paper birch
picture,
papyrus
6; 8; 10; 12;
lily,
water
(plant), 59, with
picture; picture, lily
needle
219 legend about, 243, with picture lima bean
(plant),
linden
pea, sweet
on desert plant, 75 on evergreen tree, 36-37, with
European, pictures, 179 linen (cloth), 215, with pictures;
217
honey
how
(tree),
identify, pictures,
1
community, 67-69,
to
79
190, with
pictures,
maize
nut, picture,
(tree),
how
213
180
picture
with pictures
(plant), picture, 133 oats (cereal grass), 210, with
picture
pictures
oleander
pictures
(plant),
picture,
1
32
fruit,
(fungus), 88-89, 216, with
pictures
mountain, plants on, 83-85, with pictures (tree),
to identify, pictures,
mountain gentian (plant), picture, 85 mountain laurel (tree), plant, 44-45;
algae, 92, with pictures
83
picture,
270
69
identifying tree by, pictures, 182,
191 71
ostrich
plume
fern, picture,
147
kinds
of,
41
,
with pictures
pine needle, pictures, 182, 191
pine nut, picture, 213
part)
flower, 38, with picture
pitcher plant, 96-97, with pictures
pine cone, 41
plant
oxygen
communities in
making, pictures,
207
made by green
plants, 195;
206
diseases
of,
enemies
of
of,
see community
253, with picture
insect, 42, 255, with pictures
people, 259, 261 with pictures food-making process of, see ,
palm (tree) cabbage palmetto,
135
movement,
1
of,
pine cone
(plant), 98, with picture;
experiment
mountain ash, European
1 95 pickerelweed (plant), picture, 267 pincushion cactus, picture, 76 pine (tree)
picture
209, with picture
ovule (plant
140, with picture
206, with pictures
red, picture,
mold on, picture, 89
moss
(plant),
138; 140,
pineapple, wild, picture, 99
orchid
80
(plant),
Scots or Scotch, 190, with
208, with picture;
219
moneywort (plant), picture, 142 morel mushroom, picture, 1 22 (plant), picture,
44, with
of prehistoric plants,
bole
tree, pictures, 181
mother-in-law's tongue
to
82
eastern white, pictures, 182
to identify,
orange
(plant), 102, with
picture; picture,
picture,
how
134
pictures, 181
onion
32-33
movement,
1
bristlecone, 108, with picture
194-195
(plant), picture,
olive (tree),
minerals, use of by plants,
how
photosynthesis (plant foodmaking process), 26, 28, 30,
oak, poison
prehistoric,
with
(tree),
identify, pictures,
with picture
269
ocean, plants of the, 63-65, with
picture
medicine from plants, 121, 216,
how
picture,
of,
52
red, picture,
sugar maple, pictures, 53, 180 marigold (plant), picture, 150 May apple (plant), 121, with
mold
perfume from plants, 218
philodendron
(tree)
black, leaves
white, pictures, 181
(tree)
mistletoe
picture
pictures
oak
mildew (fungus), 253 milkweed (plant), 119,
picture
pepper (spice), 210, with picture peppermint (plant), 212, with
petal
to identify,
(cereal grass), 210, with
maple
penicillium mold, 216, with
persimmon
picture
magnolia
151
pictures (tree),
nuts, kinds of, 212, with pictures
macadamia
(plant), picture,
perennial plants, 152-153, with
with
pictures
Norway spruce
lotus (plant), picture, 60-61
208, with picture
peach (fruit), 209, with picture peanut (plant), 212, with picture pecan (nut), picture, 213
nightshade berries, picture, 1 32 nitrate (plant food), 94 northern catalpa (tree), how to identify, pictures, 175 northern forest plant
(tree)
(plant),
peanut, 212, with picture
nettle (plant), picture, 133
American, pictures, 173
locust,
pea
172-185, 191
pictures
208, with
picture
60
02, with pictures
passionflower, picture, 73
(plant part)
identifying tree by, pictures,
60
of the valley (plant), picture,
1
to
74
fungus, 253, with pictures
nectar, 39; 210
152, with picture
1
(plant), picture,
parasite, plant,
14; 16; 18; 34-35 lily (plant),
how
(tree),
identify, pictures,
142
263, with
of,
picture
47
traveler's, picture,
pampas grass
photosynthesis pictures,
1
81
104
(plant), picture,
fossils of, 203, with pictures
gardens, see garden, kind of;
56
gardening
285
name
plant
plant (continued)
pond community, plants
(continued)
mustard, 210, with picture
kinds of
peppermint, 212, with picture philodendron, 138; 140, with
potato
see also poisonous plant;
oats, 210, with picture
prehistoric plant; and type of
pepper, 212, with picture
such as tree cycle of, see life cycle of
plant,
pitcher plant, 96-97, with pictures
see prehistoric
poison
plants
reproduction, plant
see stories and legends about plants
as food, 116, 120, with pictures; 112; 113; 115; 126; 128; 130 as medicine, 121, 216, with for dye, pictures,
making
217 Spanish moss, 98, with picture
perfume, 218 water for, see water, use of by
spearmint, 21 2, with picture staghorn fern, 98, with picture
avocado, 141, with picture
bunchberry, picture, 68 corn, see corn cotton, 21 5, with pictures; 21
cushion plant, 109, with picture dodder, 102, with pictures 00, with picture
see fern
flax,
215, with pictures
fungus, see 1
picture,
47
1 1
5,
with
132
mold, 88-89, 216, with pictures
moss
mother-in-law's tongue, 140, with
with pictures
mushrooms, 122,
pollen (plant reproduction) function of, 38-40, with pictures of goldenrod,
mistletoe, 102, with picture;
picture
pictures
picture
79
moss, see
(plant part)
medicine from, 216 1
124
of pine tree, 41 of
,
with picture
lace
to
73
(plant),
129,
pollination, 38-40, with pictures artificial,
picture, 230-231 air,
(plant),
damage
256, with pictures
208, with picture;
picture, 148 (plant), 124, with picture
rain forest plant community, 71-73, 98, with pictures rain-tree, picture,
1
05
rattlesnake grass, picture, 56 redbud, eastern (tree), how to identify, pictures,
red cedar, eastern
1
83
(tree),
how
to
175 red oak (tree), picture, 52 red pine (tree), picture, 69 red salvia (plant), picture, 150 red-tongue seaweed (plant), picture, 64-65 identify, pictures,
red top grass
(plant), picture,
56
redwood (tree), 106, with picture reindeer moss (plant), picture, 80 reproduction, plant, 14; 38-39, 41
,
with pictures
spores of molds, 88-89; 95
ragweed, 124
pollution,
radish
ragweed
(plant), picture, 135 poison ivy (plant), pictures, 101, 133 poison oak (plant); picture, 133 poisonous plant, 133, 134, with
fungus name
hen and chickens, ivy, see ivy kale, picture, 1 54
of;
of
Jack-in-the-pulpit,
54, with picture
picture,
name; water plant, names weeds and wild flowers,
berries, 132, with pictures
fern,
1
99
poinsettia
coleus, picture, 139
how
(tree),
with picture
as food, 208, with pictures milkweed, 119, with picture
155
(plant),
wintergreen, 212, with picture see also flower name; tree
pod
bean, see bean
quaking aspen
Queen Anne's
199
fern, picture,
names
bauhinia vine, picture, 72
59
identify, pictures,
wild pineapple, picture,
name
1
09, with
see vine
whisk
gardener, 232, with picture landscaper, 232, with picture
1
1
wheat, 55; 210, with pictures
forester, 230, with picture
ivy,
picture; picture,
purple prairie clover picture, 57
picture
vine,
chemist, 226, with pictures florist, 234, with pictures
English
puffball (fungus), picture, 123 pumpkin (plant), 209, with
133
Venus's-flytrap, 95, with picture
236, with pictures botanist, 224, with pictures
artist,
bells of Ireland, picture,
,
212
vegetable sheep,
agronomist, 228, with pictures
197
pictures
tomato, 148, 209, with pictures truffles, 244-245, with picture vanilla,
plants
work with
soil,
203, with pictures Coal Age, 201 with in trees
fossils,
sundew, 94-95, with pictures
219
for
lichen,
pictures
210, with picture
stinging nettle, picture,
pictures
gourd,
oceans, 194 making oxygen, 195 first, on land, 196; 199, with
sisal, picture,
of
prairie, plants of, 54-57, with
first, in
rice, 210, with picture rubber, 1 40, with picture
rye,
208, with picture;
pictures prehistoric plants
133
reindeer moss, picture, 80
stories,
plant
pictures, 101,
poison oak, picture, 133
see also parasite, plant reproduction of, see
uses
ivy,
(plant),
253
picture
plant prehistoric,
of,
92, with pictures
pondweed
133
oak, poison, picture, 133
pictures
,
(plant), 59 popcorn, 210 poplar (tree), leaf-scar face, picture, 188-189 porcupine grass (plant), 45
nettle, picture,
carnivorous, 94-96, with
life
59-61
to plants,
rhubarb
(plant),
picture,
208, with picture;
134
rice (cereal grass), 210, with
picture
286
fossils
rockweed
1
47, with pictures
(plant), picture,
64
root, 32-33, with pictures
as food,
20, 208, with pictures;
1
pictures, 36-37
in in
life
autumn, 18 spring, 8; 10
rowan
(plant), picture,
to identify,
pictures, 183 rubber plant, 140, with picture rubber tree, 217, with picture rushes, scouring (plant), 127,
197
of,
sorrel (plant), picture, 81
Spanish moss
(plant), 98, with
spearmint
(plant),
212, with
sassafras pictures,
sausage
(plant), picture,
(tree),
how
65
to identify,
tree, picture,
scarlet runner
bean
1
(plant reproduction),
(plant),
208,
Scots
or
88-89
Scotch pine
(tree),
190,
tundra, 78-81, with pictures
woodland, 51 pictures, 53 see also autumn; spring; ;
summer; winter seaweed (plant), 63; 64-65
seed as food, 208, 209, 212, with pictures; 113; 210 making and growth of, 38-39, 41 with pictures; 6; 8; 14; 16 Package of Seeds (poem), 137 planting, 141, 156, with pictures;
144; 148-151; 153
pictures
1 83 Engelmann, picture, 84 Norway, 1 90, with picture white, picture, 69
squirreltail grass, picture,
picture,
(plant),
128
to
84 151
sweet potato
(plant),
141, with
how
(tree),
to identify,
terrarium, 142, with pictures
240-241
with picture
,
toadstool (fungus), 122, with
tomato
how part),
38-39, with
(plant),
stinging nettle
(plant),
133
palm
traveler's
air pollution
and legends about
and, 256, with
pictures
see bark, tree
bark,
biggest,
of the valley, 243, with
(tree),
104
tree
stinkhorn (fungus), picture, 72 plants
209, with picture
to grow, 148, with picture
picture,
06, with pictures
1
Coal Age, 201 conservation
picture
,
of,
with pictures
263, with
pictures
240-241
,
with picture
244-245, with picture
248, with picture
strawf lower
legend about,
thistle (plant),
with picture
pictures
truffles,
to identify,
185
pictures
stigma (flower
picture,
how
(tree),
three-leaf clover (plant), 131,
pictures
tulip,
1
tendril (plant part), 44; 101
269
34
thistle,
how
(plant), picture,
pictures,
of tree (trunk), 34-37, with
lily
(tree),
44
tamarack
as food, 208, 210, with pictures
stories
gum
identify, pictures,
pictures, 184
heliotrope, 246-247, with picture picture,
in, 94 sweet alyssum (plant), picture, 147 sweet flag (plant), 117, with
90, with picture
1
of leaf,
with picture
sea lettuce (plant), picture, 64 seasons Four Seasons (poem), 5 in plant communities mountainside, 83; pictures, 85 northern forest, 67; pictures, 69
195
picture;
sycamore
(tree)
stem of plant
with picture
47
picture
staghom sumac
05
garden, picture, 157
by green plants, 28, with
of
tendril of,
staghorn fern, 98, with picture
183
use
sweet pea
picture
black,
sargassum
113
(plant), 47;
for in
sweet
picture
Colorado, pictures,
30
sunflower
swamp, plants
salvia (plant), picture, 40
leaf,
94-95, with
(plant),
plant motion and,
salsify (plant), picture, 272-273
150
219
12; 16
in,
need
spruce
red, picture,
plants
smut (fungus), 253, with picture snap bean (plant), picture, 148 snapdragon (plant), picture, 151
spring (season) plants in, 8; 10
picture
80
leaf in, 28, 30, with pictures
smell, flower, 39; 40
spore
rye (cereal grass), 210, with
to
sunlight
spice, 210, with pictures
with picture
sap,
53
testing of, 228, with pictures
how
1
pictures
40
of,
formation
6
(tree),
217
soil
summer, 16
in winter,
sundew
odor
of tree, 34-35, with pictures;
seasonal
190, with picture
skunk cabbage
75
100
color from, picture,
summer
fir (tree),
how
(plant), 128, with picture
sequoia (tree), 106, with picture shagbark hickory (tree), how to identify, pictures, 1 78 sisal (plant), picture,
as medicine, 121 of English ivy,
sensitive plant, 47, with pictures
silver
115; 116; 126 of desert plants,
sumac
with picture
formation, 197
soil
(tree),
identify, pictures, 53,
traveling, 16; 45; 98; 102; 119,
203, with pictures
in,
rock garden,
in
sugar maple
seed (continued)
rock
(plant), 154, with
picture
forest
261
,
with picture
209, with pictures
growth
of,
43, with pictures
gum, 218, with picture identification chart, pictures,
sugar as food, 21 0, with pictures made by leaf, 28; 30
fire,
fruit of,
in
172-185 plant community, see forest
leaf,
see
leaf
287 tree
tree (continued)
name
tree
(continued)
name
(continued)
leaf-scar face, 189, with pictures
European mountain ash,
white pine, eastern, pictures,
nuts, 21 2, with pictures
183 evergreen, see evergreen tree fir, see fir flowering dogwood, pictures, 176 ginkgo, see ginkgo
white spruce, picture, 69
pictures,
oldest, 108, with picture
plants living on, 98, 102, with
pictures
poisonous, pictures, 134-135 products from, 214, 217, with root system, 32-37, with pictures
106, with pictures unusual, 104, with pictures
name
tree
ailanthus, pictures,
hemlock, eastern, pictures, 177 hickory, shagbark, pictures, 178
172
American beech, pictures, 174 American elm, pictures, 176 American linden, pictures, 173 apple, see apple ash, see ash aspen, see aspen bald cypress, pictures, 175
see linden
locust,
honey, pictures,
34
chestnut, horse, pictures, 179 cockspur hawthorn, pictures, 177
Colorado spruce, pictures, 1 83 cottonwood, eastern, pictures, 175 cypress, bald, pictures, 175
picture
212
garden, 148-149, with pictures; pictures, 157-159
vegetable sheep Venus's-flytrap
paper birch, pictures, 174 persimmon, pictures, 182 pine, see pine poplar, p/cfure, 188-189
(plant), 95, with
pictures
vine
(plant)
bauhinia, picture, 72 climbing, 44; 100-101, with
quaking aspen, pictures, 173 1
(plant), 109,
with picture
palm
palm, see
pictures
05
209, with pictures philodendron, 138, 140, with
fruit of,
red oak, picture, 52
dogwood, 176 Douglas fir, see Douglas
redwood, 106,
picture tendril of,
w/'frj
44
p/cft/re
rowan, pictures, 183 rubber, 217, with picture
wake
picture
sequoia,
06, with picture
shagbark hickory, pictures, fir,
1
1
78
90, with picture
fir
staghorn sumac, picture, 128 sugar maple, pictures, 53, 1 80
sumac,
eastern hemlock, pictures, 177 eastern redbud, pictures, 183 eastern red cedar, pictures, 175 eastern white pine, pictures, 182 elm, see
picture,
English holly, pictures,
1
84
78
linden, pictures,
179
white oak, pictures, 181
to
185
water, use of by plants desert plants, 75 30 leaf, 28, 34-35, with pictures; evergreen needles, 36-37, with roots, 32-33, with picture; 46 watering of garden, picture, 1 lily (plant),
picture,
219 sweet gum, pictures, 1 84 sycamore, pictures, 184 tamarack, pictures, 185 traveler's palm, picture, 104 tulip tree, pictures, 1 85 walnut, black, pictures, 52, white ash, pictures, 173
how
identify, pictures, 52,
water
128, with picture;
picture,
175
(tree),
52
213
pictures
spruce, see spruce
"dropsical" tree, picture, 105 eastern cottonwood, pictures,
(plant), picture,
(nut), pictures,
walnut, black
Scots or Scotch pine, 190, with 1
robin
walnut
sassafras, pictures, 83 sausage tree, picture, 105 1
silver
flowering, pictures,
elm Engelmann spruce,
68
red pine, picture, 69
catalpa, northern, pictures, 175 cedar, eastern red, pictures, 175
European
vw'fh
175 red cedar, eastern, pictures,
cannon-ball, picture, 72
1
(plant), picture,
79
redbud, eastern, pictures, 183
pictures, 181
with
,
pictures
181
rain-tree, picture,
270 see butternut
cherry, black, picture,
tundra, plants of the, 78-81
food additive from, picture, 226 vegetable, 208, with pictures
beech, American, pictures, 174 birch, see birch
cabbage palmetto,
1
to identify,
vanilla (plant),
olive, pictures,
picture; picture,
how 185
pictures,
135 northern catalpa, pictures, 175
orange, pictures, 181
butternut,
232-233
tulip tree,
laurel, picture,
Norway spruce, 190, oak, see oak
black willow, pictures, 185 bristlecone pine, 108, with
picture,
80
1
balsam fir, 190, with picture baobab, picture, 1 04 basswood, pictures, 173
black walnut, pictures, 52, 185
tulip (plant), 152, with picture;
maple, see maple
mountain
black oak, picture, 269 black spruce, 190, with picture
172-186
twinf lower
linden,
magnolia, pictures,
black cherry, picture, 134
tree-path game, pictures,
story about, 248, with picture
holly, English, pictures, 178 honey locust, pictures, 1 79 horse chestnut, pictures, 1 79 Joshua tree, pictures, 77, 1 79 laurel, mountain, picture, 135
tree line (on mountainside), 83
see willow 45
witch hazel,
picture
177
tallest,
82
truffle (fungus), 244-245, with
hawthorn, cockspur, pictures,
pictures
willow,
1
58
59, with picture;
60
watermelon
(plant),
209, with
picture
water plant plants, 194-196 aquarium, 142, with pictures
first
in 1
85
in in
ocean, 63-65, with pictures pond, 59-61 with pictures ,
working with, picture, 226
288 weeds and
water plant, names of
wild flowers,
names
of (continued)
algae, 92, with pictures;
white oak
clover, 131, with picture;
baby's tears, picture, 142
picture,
white pine, eastern
bur reed, 59
daisy,
1
white spruce
25, with picture
Chlamydomonas,
92, with picture
dandelion, 112; picture, 219
corallina, picture,
64
Elodea, pictures, 207
duck potato, 1 1 6, with pictures duckweed, 59; picture, 61 edelweiss, picture, 85 fire lily, picture, 84
Eudorina, 92, with picture
goldenrod, 124, with picture
willow
Gonium, 92, with picture kelp, picture, 64
grass, see grass gray-headed coneflower,
wilting,
diatom, 63; picture, 65 eelgrass, 63
lily,
water, 59, with picture;
picture,
wild carrot
wild pineapple
milkweed
papyrus, picture, 60
Indian paintbrush, 102
pond weed, 59 red-tongue seaweed,
Indian potato,
pollen,
20, with pictures
Jack-in-the-pulpit, 115, with
May
floss,
(plant), picture,
185
apple, 121, with picture
119
40
trees
in,
35-37, with pictures (plant),
212, with
picture
sea lettuce, picture, 65 seaweed, 63; picture, 64-65 weeding of garden, picture, 1 58
milkweed, 119, with pictures
witch hazel seed, 45
moneywort, picture, 142 nightshade, picture, 132
woodland community,
weeds and
oleander, picture,
poems
wild flowers
about, 112; 115; 119
poisonous, see poisonous plant
weeds and
wild flowers,
1
names
wood
34
Queen Anne's
lace,
1
29, with
picture
xanthophyll
acanthus, picture, 73
arrowhead, 116, with pictures;
sorrel, picture, 81
picture, 61
80 bloodroot, picture, 53 buttercup, see buttercup bilberry, picture,
butterwort,
96
calamus, 117, with pictures catnip, cattail,
1
30, with picture
see
cattail
products, 214, 217, with
pictures
purple prairie clover, picture, 57
ragweed, 124, with picture skunk cabbage, 40; picture, 53
of
51-53,
with pictures
pickerelweed, picture, 267
263
picking,
99
80
winter (season), 6
wintergreen
picture
sargassum, picture, 65
weeds and
cause of in plant, 46 wind and plant reproduction pine cone, 41
picture,
69
129, with
(tree), picture,
horsetail, 127, 201, with pictures
64-65
how
82
wild flowers
black, pictures,
57
1
1
picture
wild flowers, see
Myriophyllum, picture, 142
60
(tree),
(tree), picture,
(plant),
hepatica, pictures, 52, 142
picture,
to identify,
to identify, pictures,
cuckoopint, 115
60
picture; picture,
how
(tree),
pictures, 181
57
coneflower, picture, 57
bulrush, 59, with
173
pictures,
chives, picture, 138
picture, 61
Anacharis, picture, 142
whisk fern (plant), picture, 199 white ash (tree), how to identify,
squirreltail grass, picture, thistle,
240-241
,
wake
269
with picture
twinflower, picture, robin, picture,
68 52
see also flower name Welwitschia (plant), picture, 76
wheat
(leaf coloring), 30,
with picture
yeast plant (fungus), 90-91 experiment with, pictures, 90-91
yew
berries
yucca
(fruit),
picture,
(plant), picture,
76
(cereal grass), 55; 210,
with pictures
zinnia (plant), picture, 151
132
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 9999 01653 870 2
*»*«* MA te) ,9
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£9
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