The English Emblem Tradition: Volume 5: Henry Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books 9781442681194

Table of contents :
CONTENTS
Preface
Abbreviations
Introduction: Henry Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books
HENRY PEACHAM'S MANUSCRIPT EMBLEM BOOKS
Bodleian Library: MS Rawlinson, Poetry 146
British Library: MS Harleian 6855, Art 13
British Library: MS Royal 12A LXVI
Folger Shakespeare Library: MS V.b.45
TRANSCRIPTIONS AND TRANSLATIONS OF TITLE-PAGES AND DEDICATORY EPISTLES
TRANSCRIPTIONS AND TRANSLATIONS OF TITLE-PAGES AND DEDICATORY EPISTLES
INDEXES AND LISTS
Picture Index
Index of Pictures (Proper Names)
Index of Pictures (Inscriptions)
Index of Latin Mottoes
Index of Latin Mottoes (Proper Names)
Index of French Mottoes
Index of Italian Mottoes
Index of Greek Mottoes
Index of Greek Mottoes (Proper Names)
Index of Motto Translations
Index of Motto Translations (Proper Names)
Alphabetical List of Latin Mottoes (With Translations)
Alphabetical List of French Mottoes (With Translations)
Alphabetical List of Italian Mottoes (With Translations)
Alphabetical List of Greek Mottoes (With Translations)
Epigram Index

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Index Emblematicus

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The English Emblem Tradition 5 Henry Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books EDITED BY ALAN R. YOUNG WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF BEERT VERSTRAETE GENERAL SERIES EDITOR: PETER M. DALY

U N I V E R S I T Y OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London

www.utppublishing.com University of Toronto Press Incorporated 1998 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-0987-5

Printed on acid-free paper

Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: The English emblem tradition (Index emblematicus) Partial contents: v. 5. Henry Peacham's manuscript emblem books / edited by Alan R. Young, with the assistance of Beert Verstraete. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8020-0987-5 (v. 5) 1. Emblem books, English. 2. Emblems - England - Early works to 1800. 3. Emblem books, English - Indexes. 4. Emblems - England - Early works to 1800 - Indexes. 5. Symbolism in art - Themes, motives - Indexes. 6. Mottoes - Indexes. 7. Epigrams, English - Indexes. I. Daly, Peter M, 1936- . II. Duer, Leslie T. III. Raspa, Anthony. IV. Series. PN6351.E55 1988

745.6T0942

C88-093687-8

The research costs of the Index Emblematicus have been supported by generous grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Publication of this volume is made possible by a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

CONTENTS Preface

vii

Abbreviations

viii

Introduction: Henry Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books

xi

HENRY PEACHAM'S MANUSCRIPT EMBLEM BOOKS Bodleian Library: MS Rawlinson, Poetry 146 British Library: MS Harleian 6855, Art 13

1 59

British Library: MS Royal 12A LXVI

127

Folger Shakespeare Library: MS V.b.45

207

TRANSCRIPTIONS AND TRANSLATIONS OF TITLE-PAGES AND DEDICATORY EPISTLES

229

INDEXES AND LISTS Picture Index

238

Index of Pictures (Proper Names)

250

Index of Pictures (Inscriptions)

251

Index of Latin Mottoes

252

Index of Latin Mottoes (Proper Names)

254

Index of French Mottoes

255

Index of Italian Mottoes

255

Index of Greek Mottoes

255

Index of Greek Mottoes (Proper Names)

255

Index of Motto Translations

256

Index of Motto Translations (Proper Names)

259

Alphabetical List of Latin Mottoes (With Translations)

260

Alphabetical List of French Mottoes (With Translations)

265

Alphabetical List of Italian Mottoes (With Translations)

265

Alphabetical List of Greek Mottoes (With Translations)

265

Epigram Index

266

Epigram Index (Greek Words)

285

Epigram Index (Proper Names)

285

Epigram Index (Greek Proper Names)

290

Epigram Index (Translations)

291

Epigram Index (Translations - Proper Names)

324

PREFACE This volume is the fifth in a sub-series of the Index Emblematicus dedicated to the English Emblem Tradition. The sub-series applies the same principles to English works that were applied to the various editions and translations of Alciato's emblems in the first volumes of the Index Emblematicus. However, since those volumes appeared, certain improvements have been introduced. Some of these changes, such as the creation of the indexes, were facilitated by advances in micro-computing technology. As was the case with my earlier volume on Emblematic Devices of the English Civil Wars, J 642-J 660,1 should like to record here a special debt of thanks to the computer programmer for this volume, Dr Stanley W. Beeler of the University of Northern British Columbia, who created the computer programmes that enabled me to subject the material presented here to the electronic scrutiny necessary for the creation of indexes and concordances. The material contained in Volume Five of the English Emblem Books series derives solely from four manuscript works by Henry Peacham. Three of these manuscripts are closely related in content. One of the three is in the Bodleian Library and the other two are in the British Library. Though known to scholars, the three manuscripts have generally been accorded far less attention than Peacham's printed emblem book, Minerva Britanna (1612), a work that drew considerably upon their contents.1 However, as will be shown in the Introduction below, these manuscripts were not in any way preliminary drafts for the printed book but derive from Peacham's attempts early in his career to seek a name for himself and earn patronage by the creation of manuscripts designed to be presented to specific individuals, in this instance King James I and his son Prince Henry. The fourth manuscript to be indexed in this volume is in the Folger Shakespeare Library. It is the only work in this volume ever previously reproduced, and it post-dates Minerva Britanna. It too was designed for presentation to a possible patron (Sir Julius Caesar), but its contents were altogether different from the three earlier works. As with previous volumes of the Index Emblematicus series, facsimile illustrations play a key role in providing readers with a guide to the material being indexed. The reproduction of photographs of MS Harleian 6855 art. 13 and MS Royal 12A LXVI is by permission of the British Library (London). The reproduction of photographs of MS Rawlinson Poetry 146 is by permission of the Bodleian Library (University of Oxford), and the reproduction of photographs from MS V.b.45 is by permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library (Washington, D.C.). I wish also to express my thanks to a colleague at Acadia University, Beert Verstraete, who assisted me by providing the translations of the mottoes and epigrams. In this task we were both further aided by an Acadia graduate student, Beth Ellison, and by my research assistant, Carol Morrison. I also wish to record my gratitude to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, from which I received a research grant in support of this project. Finally, I wish to record my deep and enduring gratitude to my wife, Wendy Katz, whose encouragement and support helped me bring this volume to completion. Alan R. Young Acadia University

ABBREVIATIONS Allen D.C. Allen, 'Symbolic Colour in the Literature of the English Renaissance,' Philological Quarterly, 15(1936), 81-92. Bacon James Spedding (ed), The Works of Francis Bacon, 14 vols. (London: Longman, 1857-74). Bath Michael Bath, Speaking Pictures: English Emblem Books and Renaissance Culture (London & New York: Longman, 1994). Bergeron David Bergeron, English Civic Pageantry 1558-1642 (London: Edward Arnold, 1971). Birch Thomas Birch, The Life of Henry Prince of Wales (1760). Camden William Camden, Remains Concerning Britain, edited by R.D. Dunn (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984). Chambers Edmund K. Chambers, 'The First Illustration to "Shakespeare",' Library, 4th series, 5 (1925), 326-30. Cleland James Cleland, Propaideia, or The Institution of a Young Noble Man (1607). Cornwallis Sir Charles Cornwallis, The Life and Death of... Henry Prince of Wales (1641). CSP Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1602-1610 (London: Longman, 1857); and Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts relating to ... Venice (London: Stationery Office, 1864). Daly Peter M. Daly, 'England and the Emblem: The Cultural Context of English Emblem Books,' in The English Emblem and the Continental Tradition (New York: AMS Press, 1988), edited by Peter M. Daly, AMS Studies in the Emblem: No. 1, 1-60. Emblemata Varia Folger Shakespeare Library: MS. V.b.45. Henry Peacham, 'Emblemata Varia.' Enright B.J.Enright, 'Richard Rawlinson, Collector, Antiquary, and Topographer,' D.Phil. (Oxford, 1956). Esdaile Arundel James Kennedy Esdaile, The British Museum Library: A Short History and Survey (London: Allen & Unwin, 1946). Fol Folio. A leaf in a printed book or manuscript numbered on the recto or obverse side. For convenience I have numbered recto folios as la, 2a, etc., and the reverse (verso) side of these same leaves as Ib, 2b, etc. Freeman Rosemary Freeman, English Emblem Books (London: Chatto and Windus, 1948). Fuller Thomas Fuller, The Worthies of England, edited by John Freeman (London: Allen & Unwin, 1952). Harl British Library: MS Harleian 6855, Art 13. Henry Peacham, 'BASIAIKON AQPON EIS TA EMBAHMATA BASIAIKA.'

English Emblem Tradition

ix

Jackson William A. Jackson, 'Robert Waldegrave and the Books He Printed or Published in 1602,' 77?^ Library*, 5th series, 13 (1958), 232. Manningham Diary of John Manningham, edited by John Bruce (Westminster: Camden Society, 1868). Newton Alfred E. Newton, The Greatest Book in the World (Boston: Little Brown, 1925). Parry Graham Parry, The Golden Age Restor'd: The Culture of the Stuart Court, 1603-42 (New York: St Martin's Press, 1981). Pitman (1) Margaret Pitman, 'Studies in the Works of Henry Peacham,' M.A., London University, 1933. Pitman (2) Margaret Pitman, 'Summaries of Theses: No CXVI,' Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 11 (1933), 189-92. Rawl Bodleian Library: MS Rawlinson, Poetry 146. Henry Peacham, 'BA2IAIKON AQPON In Heroica Emblemata.' Ripa Cesare Ripa, Iconologia (Rome, 1603). Royal British Library: MS Royal 12A LXVI. Henry Peacham, 'BASIAIKON AQPON IN BASILICA

EMBLEMATA;

Rymer The Proclamation for the Union of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, 19 May 1603, reprinted in Thomas Rymer, Foedera, xvi (1715), 506-7. Rypins Stanley Rypins, 'The Printing of Basilikon Doron, 1603,' Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 64 (1970), 393-414, and figs 1-9. Sig Signature. The letters printed in the tail margin of the first leaf (and usually succeeding leaves) of each gathering or section of a book as a guide to the binder. Where printed page numbers are absent or incorrect, references are given to signatures, the recto side being signified by an 'a' and the rear or verso by a 'b'. STC A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, & Ireland and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475-1640, 2nd edition revised and enlarged, W.A. Jackson and F.S. Ferguson, completed by Katherine F. Pantzer, Vols. I & II (London: Bibliographical Society, 1976, 1986). Strong Roy Strong, Henry, Prince of Wales and England's Eost Renaissance (London: Thames and Hudson, 1986). Tanner Constitutional Documents of the Reign of James 1, edited by Joseph R. Tanner (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1930). Tung (1) Mason Tung, 'From Heraldry to Emblem: A Study of Peacham's Use of Heraldic Arms in Minerva Britanna,' Word and Image, 3 no 1 (1987), 86-94. Tung (2) Mason Tung, 'A Reference Index to Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books and Minerva

x

Abbreviations

BritannaC Emblematica, 6(1992), 105-46. Warner George F. Warner, The Library of James VI. 1573-1583 from a Manuscript in the Hand of Peter Young,' Miscellany of The Scottish Historical Societv, \ (Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP. 1893), x x x i i i - i v , xl, I, Ix-xi, Ixv-xvi. Wilson, J.D. John Dover Wilson, 'Titus Andronicus-on the Stage in 1595,' Shakespeare Survey, \ (1948), 17-22. Wilson, E. Elkin C. Wilson, Prince Henry and English Literature (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1946). Wright Cyril Ernest Wright, Fontes Harleiani: A Study of the Sources of the Hatieian Collection of Manuscripts Preserved in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum (London: British Museum, 1972). Wright, Diary Cyril Ernest Wright and Ruth C. Wright (eds), The Diary of Humphrey Wanley, 1715-1726 (London: Bibliographical Society, 1966). Young (1) Alan R. Young, Introduction to facsimile edition of Henry Peacham's Emblemata Varia (Ilkley, Yorkshire: Scolar Press, 1976). Young (2) Alan R. Young, 'Biographical Note on Henry Peacham,' Notes and Queries, New Series, 24 (1977), 214-17. Young (3) Alan R. Young, Henry Peacham (Boston: Twayne, 1979). Young (4) Alan R. Young, 'Henry Peacham, Ben Jonson, and the Cult of Elizabeth-Oriana,' Music and Letters, 60(1979), 305-11. Young (5) Alan R. Young, 'Henry Peacham's First Emblem Book: MS Rawlinson poetry 146,' Bodleian Library Record, 10 no. 2 (1979), 86-97. Young (6) Alan R. Young, 'Wenceslaus Hollar, the London Book Trade, and Two Unidentified English Emblem Books,' in The English Emblem and the Continental Tradition (New York: AMS Press, 1988), edited by Peter M. Daly, AMS Studies in the Emblem: No. 1, pp. 151-202. Young (7) Alan R. Young, 'Henry Peacham (1578-71644)' in Dictionary of Literary Biography (Detroit: Bruccoli Clark [forthcoming]). Young (8) Alan R. Young, 'Jacobean Authority and Peacham's Manuscript Emblems,' in Deviceful Settings: The English Renaissance Emblem, edited by Michael Bath and Daniel Russell (New York: AMS Press [forthcoming]).

INTRODUCTION HENRY PEACHAM'S MANUSCRIPT EMBLEM BOOKS Henry Peacham (1578-71644), who bore the same name as his clergyman father (author of the important rhetorical treatise The Garden of Eloquence), was a man of wide interests and scholarly pursuits. These included poetry, history, cosmography, painting, music, mathematics, heraldry, and numismatics. Equally diverse were his activities as teacher, graphic artist, writer, composer, social critic, antiquarian, war correspondent, and observant traveller.2 An important minor figure in the history of English literature and the arts, Peacham is chiefly remembered on account of four works: his probable authorship of a sketch, dated 1595, of a scene from Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus;3 his treatise on the graphic arts, The Art of Drawing (1606), which he later enlarged and published under two titles, Graphice (1612) and The Gentleman's Exercise (1612); his emblem book Minerva Britanna (1612); and the best-known work of English Renaissance courtesy literature, The Compleat Gentleman (1622). During his life, he also published books of poetry and essays, political pamphlets, a newsbook reporting on events in the Low Countries, and several works that may be loosely categorized as social commentary. After Peacham graduated from Cambridge University with a B.A. in 1595 (he received his M.A. three years later), he seems to have travelled for some years, but by the early 1600s he was forced to seek a livelihood and took a post as a teacher at the free grammar school in Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire. It was here that Peacham appears to have completed the first two of the manuscript emblem books indexed in this volume. Shortly after, in about 1607, he moved to London and then to Westminster.4 In 1610 he completed another manuscript emblem book, the third in this volume, and this was followed two years later by the appearance of his one printed emblem book, Minerva Britanna. The fourth manuscript emblem book included here belongs to a much later stage of Peacham's career, following a period of travels in Europe, more schoolteaching (first at Wymondham in Norfolk, and then at St Martin-in-the-Fields in Westminster), and the publication of his The Compleat Gentleman in 1622. On the final page of Minerva Britanna, Peacham promised a further collection of emblems, but in The Compleat Gentleman he subsequently explained that he abandoned this project because of the high costs involved. 5 In addition to emblem books, Peacham also composed a number of individual emblems: a comical emblem depicting the shoes of the famous traveller Thomas Cory ate, whose Coryat's Crudities was printed in 1611; four heraldic emblems to accompany The Period of Mourning, his 1613 elegy on the death of Prince Henry; prefatory emblems for his A True Relation of the Affaires ofCleve and Gulick (1615) and The Valley ofVarietie (1638); and several emblematic poems to accompany engravings by Wenceslaus Hollar. 6 Skilled at drawing and writing poetry, Peacham was admirably suited to the art of emblem composition. He appears to have had a special affection for that most 'emblematic' of poets, Edmund Spenser, who strongly influenced his poetry, and whose second stanza of The Ruines of Time Peacham wittily imitated in a poem signed 'E.S.' that prefaced Minerva Britanna. We know, too, that he was familiar with the works of iconographers such as Pierio Valeriano and Cesare Ripa; with collections of devices and imprese by such authors as Paolo Giovio, Claude Paradin, and Jacobus Typotius; with treatises on blazonry by such authors as Gerard Legh, John Guillim, and Peacham's friend Augustine Vincent; with important artistic treatises by Lomazzo and Horapollo; and, even more to the point, with the emblems of Alciato, Whitney, Sambucus, Hadrianus Junius, Reusner, Camerarius, and de la Perriere.

xii

Introduction

Peacham's Three 'Basilikon Doron' Emblem Books and 'Emblemata Varia' 1) Bodleian Library: MS Rawlinson Poetry 146 (a) Genesis and Composition In March 1603, while Peacham was a schoolmaster at Kimbolton, Queen Elizabeth died. King James VI of Scotland then began his spectacular progress south to be crowned James I of England. In the course of his journey, James stayed for two days at Hinchingbrook Priory, Sir Oliver Cromwell's residence in Huntingdon, and was given an extravagant welcome. During his stay, he was addressed by the head of Cambridge University, from which Peacham had recently graduated. 'Clad in Scarlet Gownes and corner Cappes,' the senior Cambridge men 'presented his Maiestie with divers bookes published in commendation of our late gracious Queene' and 'made a most learned and eloquent Oration in Latine, welcomming his Maiestie, as also intreating the conformation of their Charters and Priuiledges.'7 Peacham participated in the welcome given to James by presenting one or two of his emblems to the King, as he was later to mention in the dedicatory letter to the second work to be discussed below.8 Among the Cambridge men at Hinchingbrooke on this occasion was probably James Montagu, first Master of the newly founded Sidney Sussex College.9 According to Peacham, in the same dedicatory letter just referred to, Montagu was the 'first spur' to encourage him to undertake the ambitious project of using King James's recently published Basilikon Doron as the basis for an entire collection of emblems. Perhaps the emblems Peacham had already presented to James had worked up motifs from the King's book. Whatever the case, Montagu, recognizing Peacham's skills in both drawing and poetry, must have felt that creating a whole emblem collection based on the King's book would be a natural next step for the talented young schoolmaster. Were Peacham ever to advance himself further than the schoolroom, he would need some form of patronage. What better patron could there be than the King himself or the King's eldest son, Henry, the original addressee of James's book? Needless to say, Peacham took up Montagu's suggestion, but it was not an easy task, and Peacham subsequently complained about the difficulty of composing his emblems in the atmosphere of a school, in which, he claimed, it was hard to find even half an hour's leisure away from the chattering and noise of boys. 10 The result of his labours was a manuscript emblem book of fifty-six emblems, divided into three books corresponding to the three-part division of King James's Basilikon Doron. King James's book had been written as an educational treatise for his eldest son, Prince Henry. It had been privately published in 1599 in an edition of only seven copies made up by the Edinburgh printer Robert Waldegrave. It was reissued in a public version 'within an hour' of his becoming King of England." Some seven editions were to appear that same year, 'at least one of which was available in London prior to the King's entry into England, at Berwick, 6 April 1603.'12 The book was entered on the Stationers' Register on 28 March, and two days later in London, John Manningham recorded in his diary that 'the Kings booke Basicon [sic] Doron came forth with an Epistle to the reader apologeticell.' 13 At least four of the printings in 1603 were intended to appear virtually identical to purchasers 'in the arrangement of their forty unnumbered preliminary pages and the following 134 pages of text.' 14 The printing history of the book is confusing and chaotic, but it is clear that Peacham obtained access to one of this group of four texts since the pagination he cites whenever he quotes from the Basilikon Doron matches. However, Peacham's orthography and punctuation frequently differ from all of the possible originals so that one cannot be sure precisely what version he used. ls Since King James's stay at Hinchingbrooke was from 27 to 29 April, it would appear that copies of Basilikon Doron may well have reached Huntingdon before him. Whether he knew it at the time or not (and who knows what the King may have said when Peacham presented his one or two emblems at Hinchingbrooke), Peacham's choice of the emblem as a medium was

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an apt one. James himself as a young man had been a composer of emblems and had taken considerable pleasure in the art. In the preface To the Reader' in Minerva Britanna, Peacham was later to recall some of the emblems of James's Scottish forebears but then remarked: 'Many and excellent have I seene of his Maiesties owne Invention, who hath taken therein in his yonger years great delight, and pleasure, ,..' 16 Furthermore, Basilikon Doron itself is coloured by numerous verbal illustrations of an emblematic nature.17 We also know that as a young man in Scotland, James had in his library copies of emblem books by Alciato, Giovio, Montanus, and Paradin.18

(b) Peacham's Dedicatee If Peacham originally intended to dedicate his manuscript emblem book to the King, it appears that he very soon changed his mind, recognizing that as potential patron, the nine-year-old Prince Henry, who travelled south from Scotland to England in the summer of 1603, was possibly a better choice. Very soon after the Prince arrived in England, many English men of letters were quick to seek the Prince's patronage, and, during the few remaining years of the Prince's life, a host of works were dedicated to him by those vying for the favour of the man they believed would one day be king. 19 Both of Henry's principal biographers stress his love of learning and the arts, a quality that no doubt did much to encourage those hopeful of patronage. Thomas Birch remarks that in 1604 Henry 'began now to be considered by men of learning, as a proper patron of their works, not only for his high rank, but likewise his relish for them,'20 and James Cleland in 'Le Povrtraict de Monseigneur le Prince' later speaks warmly of the Prince's assistance to men of learning: Les honneurs, dignitez, et pensions, qui'il procure du Roy son Pere, en faueur des hommes doctes sont preuues certaines de son affection enuers Les Muses, et que si nostre siecle produict des Virgiles, il seraLeur Auguste; si des Aristotes, Leur Alexandre; si des Polybes, Leur Scipion; si des Casaubons, Leur (Roy) laqves ... 21 Likewise, Sir Charles Cornwallis, the treasurer of the Prince's household in 1610, later talked warmly of Henry's 'love to Learning, to the Muses, to all Learned who any way did excel,' and goes on to make a particular point of the wide range of Henry's interests. 22 The Prince's encouragement of artists and scholars who sought patronage began shortly after he arrived in England, when there formed around him a kind of courtly academy, rivalling according to James Cleland 'the famous Vniversities here, or our Colledges in Scotland, for all sort of good learning.' 23 Peacham, then, was not alone in his attempt to attract Henry's attention and perhaps earn a place in Henry's household. Peacham's title-page for his first 'Basilikon Doron' manuscript emblem book implies that he had already received some favour at Henry's hands: 'Scripta in gratiam Sereniss[imi] Principis Henrici Frederici Regis lacobi, Angliae, Scotiae, Franciae, et Hiberniae filij, ...' (Written with thanks to his highness Prince Henry Frederick, son of King James of England, Scotland, Ireland, and France). Later, Peacham was to talk of having 'by more than ordinarie signes, tasted' of the Prince's 'gratious favour' and known his 'Princely and Generous inclination to all good Learning and excellencie,' 24 but precisely when this favour began and what form it took remains unclear. What is clear, however, is that this first manuscript emblem book was composed very soon after the royal visit to Hinchingbrooke since its title-page employs the official title that James used (King of England, Scotland, Ireland, and France) from his accession until 20 October 1604, when, in keeping with his intense desire for the closest possible union between Scotland and England, James issued a proclamation that states: 'we do ... assume by the clearness of our right the name and style of King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., as followeth, in our just and lawful title. , '^ The composition of MS Rawlinson. Poetry 146, thus occurred, we may assume, some time between 27-

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Introduction

9 April 1603, when King James was at Hinchingbrooke, and 20 October 1604, when the King's title changed. (c) Unfinished State of Manuscript Although the Rawlinson manuscript is the earliest surviving evidence related to various bids by Peacham to obtain Prince Henry's patronage, it was never, it seems, presented to its dedicatee. Indeed, there are several indications that the work is unfinished: in Book II, emblems 10 and 12 are incomplete (the source quotations from King James's Basilikon Doron are missing or incomplete); no poems are included for Book II, Emblem 21, and Book III, Emblem 10; no mottoes are provided for Book I, Emblem 10, Book II, Emblems 5, 22, 24, 25, and Book III, Emblems 5, 10, 11, 12; the poem for Book III, Emblem 5, is in another hand and signed 'G.B.'; and the word 'Finis' is crossed out at the end of Book III, Emblem 13, to allow for the addition of one more emblem. The 'doodlings' on the title-page and on Book I, Emblems 5, 9, 11, and 15, Book II, Emblems 1, 7, 25, Book III, Emblem 14, and on what little remains of the final folio presumably pre-date Rawlinson's acquisition of the manuscript and further suggest that the work, though dedicated to the Prince, was never actually given to him. This last point is confirmed in Minerva Britanna (sig A4a) in which Peacham mentions in his 'Carmen Panegyricum' to Prince Henry that he wishes Henry to receive Minerva Britanna as his 'second gift' ('votisque secundis'). His previous gift was a different version of his 'Basilikon Doron' (British Library, MS Royal 12A LXVI), the only one in water-colours.26 A further indication that the Rawlinson manuscript was never presented to Prince Henry is its lack of a dedicatory letter, in contrast to Peacham's normal practice.27 To have given the manuscript to Henry without such a letter would have been inconceivable, though there is, of course, the possibility that one could have been given separately and subsequently become detached. That said, however, it should be noted that the manuscript, though unfinished, is unique among the four Peacham manuscript emblem books for the elaborate borders provided for each picture. These contain scrollwork drawn in perspective, in twenty-one instances ornamented with roses and thistles, the respective heraldic flowers of England and Scotland which James customarily employed in conjunction as a sign of the new union between the two realms and as a sign of his own descent from both English and Scottish royal blood. (d) Peacham's Adaptation of King James's Basilikon Doron Before I describe certain further physical characteristics of Peacham1 s earliest extant emblem book, something should be said concerning the way in which he adapted his chief source, King James's Basilikon Doron. Whereas Peacham's later Minerva Britanna has little intrinsic unity as an emblem collection, apart from its general sustained tone of moral didacticism, the Rawlinson manuscript and the two subsequent 'Basilikon Doron' emblem books followed the tripartite division of James's book to provide a clearly defined structural basis. In his biography of the Prince, Thomas Birch admirably described the structural arrangement of James's book as ... divided into three books; the first instructing the prince in his duty towards God; the second in his duty when he should be King; and the third informing him how to behave himself in indifferent things, which were neither right nor wrong, but according as they were rightly or wrong used; and yet would serve, according to his behaviour, to increase or lessen his reputation and authority among the people. 2 * Thus, in Book I of the Rawlinson manuscript, one finds admonitions to love God (Emblem 1), to have faith (6), to read the Scriptures with -i sanctified heart (8), and to keep a clean conscience ( 1 3 ) ; in Book II. the

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emblems largely concern such topics as the Prince's duty to teach his subjects by example (8), to treat all other princes as brothers (16), and to be liberal to his soldiers (17); and in Book III, the emblems concern more general principles of behaviour such as the avoidance of gluttony (5), the practice of temperance (6) and moderation in dress (8), the ignoring of one's dreams (7), and the cultivation of the equestrian arts (10). The exception to this general three-part structure in the Rawlinson manuscript is the group of seven heraldic emblems at the beginning of Book II. Their common theme, matched by the decorative rose-and-thistle device in the scrollwork throughout the manuscript, concerns the Anglo-Scottish unity brought about by King James's accession, while two of the emblems (4 and 5) also refer to the fact that he is now also King of Ireland and France. Within the total scheme of the manuscript, the heraldic emblems occupy a position of some prominence and supply an important extra theme. There is no doubt that they were intended to impress upon Prince Henry the enormous responsibilities of his future position. Peacham's approach in all three 'Basilikon Doron' manuscripts was to place a quotation for King James's Basilikon Doron at the foot of each page. Above this, he provided at the head of the page a Latin motto, below which, in the format most generally used for emblems, was first a picture and then an epigram. For the Rawlinson and Harleian manuscripts, Peacham drew his pictures using pen and ink, but, as already noted above, those for the Royal manuscript were done in water-colour. Most of his epigrams, written in an italic hand, consisted of four lines of Latin verse. Together with the quotations from James's Basilikon Doron, Peacham often included quotations from the Bible, the Church Fathers, or the Classics, sometimes also adding marginalia from similar sources to comment on either the epigram or the motto.29 (e) Physical Properties and Provenance of Manuscript Peacham's manuscript,30 which is in large quarto, occupies the first part of MS Rawlinson, Poetry 146, where it is bound up with two other manuscripts - R. Herbert's 'Ariadne to Theseus, An Epistle of Ovid's' and an anonymous poem 'Upon the Marriage of Mr. H. Jennings' (1724). The entire volume consists of ii+46 folio leaves (11" x 8 1/8"), of which Peacham's manuscript occupies the first thirty, being preceded by a free endpaper added later when the three manuscripts received their present common binding. Of the final leaf of Peacham's work only part is extant. Between Book I, Emblems 4 and 5 (fol 2b and fol 3a) is a stub which may indicate that at some time a leaf was removed. Since the numbering of the emblems is correct at this point, however, the presence of the stub is probably due to the addition of a conjugate leaf elsewhere, perhaps the title-leaf, but without undoing the present binding one cannot be sure of this. 31 In the inner margin of each leaf of the manuscript may be seen the stab holes of some earlier binding. The present binding is a crude one of boards covered with blue paper and edged with vellum. It is typical of Rawlinson's bindings, which were often ugly, but serviceable and cheap, Rawlinson always being anxious to bind his manuscripts in the hope that their pages would be less obviously attractive to the waste-paper merchants from whom they had often been rescued in the first place.32 The provenance of Peacham's manuscript is obscure. On the title-page is the inscription 'John Conde ow[n]eth this booke.' A man of this name matriculated in 1657 at Christ Church, Oxford, but if this is the same John Cone (and the signature in the University Matriculation Register could possibly be a younger version of that in this manuscript), the manuscript probably did not pass directly to him from Peacham,33 nor directly on to Rawlinson. Since the bookplate dates from post-1720, one may tentatively assume that Rawlinson did not acquire the manuscript until after that date, Peacham's emblem book is in frail condition and was at some time in the past repaired with strips of paper which, in one place, obscure the wording of the verses. On the verso of the free endpaper is a note neatly listing the contents of the volume and identifying Peacham as being 'Of Cambridge & M.A.' and as having written The Compleat Gentleman. It was common for Rawlinson to preface his volumes of manuscripts with such a list of contents and with some brief notes about their authors, 34 but in this instance the hand is not his.

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Possibly, it is that of one of his amanuenses. On the front inside cover and on the top right corner of Peacham's title-page are the pressmarks for the volume in the hand of Philip Bliss, who placed the poetry in a separate series in 1810.

2) British Library: MS Harleian 6855, Art. 13 (a) The Dedication to King James I and the Theme of Royal Authority Peacham dedicated this manuscript to King James, whom he addresses on the title-page as 'Piissimo ac Serenissimo IACOBI Magnae huius BRITANNIAE Monarchae primo' (To his most pious and serene highness James I of Great Britain). The emblem book employed the same general structure as the Rawlinson manuscript. It had eight heraldic emblems at the opening of Book II and placed even greater emphasis upon the theme of Anglo-Scottish union, a matter dear to the King's heart from the beginning of his reign, but one particularly of concern late in 1604 when the matter was under vigorous discussion by a rather sceptical Parliament.35 It can thus be fairly confidently dated close to the end of 1604 following James's proclamation of his new title 'King of Great Britain' on 20 October. That Great Britain, through James, could come into being and the fabled sovereign unity of ancient times could be restored was now to be a key aspect of James's royal authority, and one he himself nourished. Careful not to stress his descent from the Catholic Mary Queen of Scots, whom his predecessor had executed as a traitor, James preferred his new subjects to look back in the direction of his great-great-grandfather, the Tudor Henry VII. 36 The Tudors, furthermore, had encouraged the myth that their dynasty could claim descent from the Trojans, the supposed original British, and when James made his official entry into London (Troynovant) in 1604, he was hailed as a second Trojan Brutus. By uniting Britain, he was also helping to bring about the fulfilment of the myth of a new Roman empire rising in the West. His would be a new age that would, like that of Augustus and in keeping with the prophecies in Virgil, lead to a time of untold peace and prosperity. 37 Because Peacham dedicated this manuscript to the King presumably with the intention of presenting it to him, the heraldic emblems that he added to those based on James's Basilikon Down have a special significance in that their use of the official, sanctioned symbolism of the armorial code provides a means of establishing identity and status, as well as a pedigree of descent, dynastic alliances achieved through marriage, and inherited ancestral marks of honour. 38 Through heraldry, James's claim to sovereignty could be asserted, and his role in the creation of British unity could be clearly expressed. In support of this central theme, Peacham created for this manuscript an emblem entitled 'An Epigramme vpon this union' that separates Books I and II and is unique to this manuscript. It has no motto and its verses (another unique feature) are in English. Its picture shows James's royal arms surmounted by a crown, on either side of which sit winged putti who each hold a rose and a thistle, heraldic devices representing England and Scotland respectively. The epigram below comments upon the origin and significance of each detail of the arms. Of the fleurs-de-lys, for example, Peacham says, 'France showes the armes but wee ye King,' while all the quarters of the armorial shield combine 'the full confort to make.' Not mentioned, however, are the putti''s flowers, the rose/thistle combination being a heraldic device that from the first was frequently used as an expression of the new unity of the two kingdoms and was developed further by Peacham in the sixth emblem of Book II.39 Further emphasis to the theme of unity is provided by the heraldic emblem that Peacham gives pride of place at the conclusion of Book III. It occurs in neither of the other Basilikon Doron emblem books, nor does it appear in an anglicized form in Minerva Britanna. Based on a device Peacham found in Paradin's Devises heroiques (first published in 1551), the emblem has the special dedication 'Ad Angliam de foedere & unione Britannica' (To England on the occasion of the British Agreement and Union). Beneath the motto (Tutissima

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inter pares unitas' A union of equals is safest), Peacham depicted the chivalric insignia of the French Order of St Michael. This consists of a circular collar or chain made up of sea shells interspersed with knots. From this is suspended a pendant depicting St Michael. The connection with the theme of unity is supplied by Paradin, who explains that the invincible and indissoluble union among members of the order is signified by the double lacing that joins the shells together, 40 a point alluded to in Peacham1 s marginal note. In Peacham's epigram, there is a plea for unity following James's accession. An appended distich is even stronger, stating that under the auspices of the godlike James the golden age will return to British lands. 41 (b) Unfinished State of Manuscript Although the Harleian manuscript version of Peacham's 'Basilikon Doron' seems clearly to have been designed for presentation to King James, internal evidence suggests that this work is a draft (or perhaps a copy) and not the actual manuscript that Peacham presented to the King.42 Peacham then later used the manuscript, which remained in his possession, when he prepared the third manuscript indexed in this volume (British Library, MS Royal 12A LXVI) and his printed emblem book Minerva Britanna. Support for these views may be found on folio 36b, where there is a rough draft for the dedication to Prince Henry that eventually appeared at the head of sig A2a in Minerva Britanna^ while the blank folio 37a was used by Peacham as a scribbler for anagrams on 'Henricus Vualliae princeps,' 'Sir Thomas Parrie,' and 'Sir Thomas Howard.'44 Confirmation that Peacham did present a version of his 'Basilikon Doron' to King James appears in the dedicatory epistle to the fourth manuscript emblem book represented in this volume, Peacham's 'Emblemata varia,' in which Peacham states that seventeen years previously the King had kindly accepted from him an emblematized version of 'Basilikon Doron.' (c) Physical Properties and Provenance of Manuscript The Harleian manuscript contains sixty-five emblems and consists of thirty-eight leaves folio (11 1/2" x 7 1/2"). At the rear of the manuscript is a four-part madrigal, 'King James his quier,' addressed to the King as a congratulatory song. Its call to the mourners of Queen Elizabeth (Oriana) to 'leave awhile this weping' and to join in praising King James implies that it dates from shortly after March 1603.45 The concluding two folios (37 and 38) containing the music are on different paper from the rest of the manuscript, 46 and they have been cropped, with some loss of text, to the size of the emblem book, presumably by the original binder. However, the drawing and traces of the word 'molliter' in reverse occur on fol 37a as an off-set from fol 34b (Book III, Emblem 10), showing that these two folios were adjacent to each other while Peacham was working on folio 34b. Thus, although the madrigal and the emblem book proper may have been composed at different times, they were always intended by Peacham, as the title-page confirms, to be together. From Peacham, this draft or copy passed, directly or indirectly, to Richard Munday, arms painter and Upper Warden of the Painter Stainers Company, the man whose name, according to C.E. Wright, appears in the right margin of the title-page.47 According to Humphrey Wanley, the librarian for Robert and Edward Harley, the 1st and 2nd Earls of Oxford, Richard Munday's books passed on his decease to another Painter Stainer, Mr. Giles Campion, and on Campion's decease they went to Mr. Comyns. 48 Assuming that Peacham's manuscript followed this route, it would then have entered the collection of Robert Harley, who bought the papers of Richard Munday in Mr. Comyns's hands. 49 Thence they passed to the British Museum (founded in 1753) when the Duchess of Portland, sold the Harley collection to Parliament. 50

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3) British Library: MS Royal 12A LXVI (a) Peacham and Prince Henry Peacham's third extant manuscript emblem book based on King James's Basilikon Doron differs in three important ways from its two predecessors: it is somewhat later in date; its pictures are in colour rather than pen and ink; and it is the actual copy presented to its dedicatee. Like the first manuscript discussed in this Introduction, Peacham's third 'Basilikon Doron' manuscript was intended for Prince Henry. Unlike the earlier work, this one actually reached the Prince's hands, almost certainly in 1610. As Peacham later explained in Minerva Britanna, 'It is now two yeares since I prese[n]ted vnto your Highnes some of them [i.e., James's instructions in Basilikon Doron], then done by me into Latine verse, with their pictures drawen and limned by mine owne hand in their liuely colours; wherein, as neere as I could, I obserued the Method of his Maiesties BASILICON DORON' (sig A2a). Minerva Britanna, so he reminds the Prince, is his 'second offering' ('votisq[ue] secondis,' sig A4a) to him, and that his bid for favour had been successful after his first 'offering' seems clear from his statement that he had 'by more then ordinarie signes, tasted heeretofore of your gratious favour: and evidently knowen your Princely and Generous inclination, to all good Learning and excellencie' (sig A2a). On 4 June 1610, Prince Henry, with great solemnity, was invested as Prince of Wales, and Peacham presented his manuscript shortly after, using Henry's new title and including the Prince's arms and the threefeathers insignia associated with his new office.51 Significantly, on receipt of his new title, Henry was permitted 'to govern his house apart from his father's,' and 'now absolute of himselfe, did take up House with a full addition of high Officers.'52 The official ordinance governing the establishment of his household lists some four hundred and twenty of the Prince's servants, including several of Peacham's friends: Inigo Jones (Surveyor of the Works), Edward Wright (Keeper of the Library), and Robert Peake (Painter). We also know that by 1612 Peacham was a close friend of Adam Newton, Prince Henry's secretary.53 However, any hope of finding a record of Peacham's name among the official documents connected with Henry's court proves vain, so one can only speculate as to what 'gratious favour' the new Prince of Wales had bestowed on him. (b) Physical Properties and Provenance of the Manuscript Peacham's third 'Basilikon Doron' manuscript is a lavish affair and is the longest of the three emblem books based on James's book. It consists of forty-two leaves, folio (11 1/2" x 7 1/2"), and contains seventy-eight emblems. However, it has only five heraldic emblems at the opening of Book II (there were seven in the Rawlinson manuscript and eight in the Harleian manuscript). It can be assumed that this decrease is in harmony with the general decrease of interest in a theme that had been of considerable urgency in 1602-4. In place of the English verses that Peacham used to separate Books I and II of the Harleian manuscript, he here inserted the Prince's arms, but unaccompanied by any verbal text. When Henry received Peacham's gift in 1610, presumably he placed it in the Royal Library. This was housed at St James Palace by the King as an aid to the Prince's studies. Not surprisingly, Henry was encouraged by his father to collect books.54 After the eighteen-year-old Prince Henry's untimely death on 6 November 1612, the Royal Library was in time removed by James to Windsor. 55 Its present location in the British Library is due to the Letters Patent of 6 August 1757, whereby George II transferred the Royal Library to the trustees of the newly formed British Museum, 56 an amusing irony if, as it is said, 'the very sight of a book threw the King into a rage.'57

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(c) Peacham's Use of Colour Of particular note regarding the Royal manuscript is Peacham's decision to provide his emblems with pictures 'drawen and limned ... in their liuely colours,'58 colours which it has unfortunately not been possible to reproduce here. Peacham seems to have been more aware than most of the symbolic properties that colour possessed in his day,59 even though his was an age when colour symbolism was an intrinsic part of literary vocabulary. Such symbolism, it has been shown, closely relates to folk custom, the visual arts, blazonry, and church ritual, and during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, various treatises on the subject, such as those by Giovanni de Rinaldi, Fulvio Pellegrino Morato, Sicile (the Herald of King Alphonso V of Aragon), Coronato Occolti, and Ludovico Dolce, gave scholarly sanction to its literary usage.60 However, such commentaries, like the many references to the symbolism of colour in Cesare Ripa's Iconologia or for that matter in Peacham's own various discussions in Graphice and The Compleat Gentleman, often reflect what is already commonplace usage at the time whether in popular culture or in the visual and literary arts. Whatever may have been the precise influences upon Peacham, it is clear that, like Edmund Spenser, his apparent favourite among English poets and an artist whose works are particularly rich in their use of colour symbolism, Peacham makes a great deal of use of this particular symbolic tool in all his collections of emblems. Even in Minerva Britanna, for example, where he is restricted to black and white illustrations, he constantly refers to colours in the accompanying poems, something particularly evident in his personifications. Deceit, for examples, wears a coat of gold (47), the symbolic colour for the outer deception that disguises the inner reality; Choler has a shield 'Charg'd with aflame, vpon a crimson feild' (128), red being the traditional colour of that passion; the central figure in 'Icon Pecacati' wears black (181); and Levitas (149) wears a mixture of colours, which traditionally can indicate dissimulation, unsoundness, and instability. Elsewhere, white is associated with beauty (58), innocence (166), chastity (116), conscience (56), and virtue (20); black with death (166) and evil (56); green with good (56) and hope (46); and blue with heaven (15). In the Royal manuscript, Peacham is throughout equally faithful where appropriate to current colour symbolism as applied to personifications. Religious Faith (Book I, Emblem 5) and Constantia (Book II, Emblem 38), for example, are dressed in blue, the traditional colour of truth and constancy, analogous examples being Spenser's portrayal of Speranza in The Faerie Queene and Ben Jonson's portrayal of Theosophia or Divine Wisdom on the arch in Fenchurch Street for the entry of James I into London in 1604. Ira (Book III, Emblem 15) is dressed in a red tunic, red being the colour of vengeance and warlike spirit, as we are reminded, for example, by Spenser's Sansjoy, who bore red on his shield and 'bloody vengeaunce in his bitter mind' (Faerie Queene, I iv 38), or by Marlowe's allusions to this colour in association with Tamburlaine. Philautia, to mention one final example, is dressed in purplish red, the colour Ripa assigned to Superbia, whom he describes as 'vestita nobilmente di rosso.' 61 Colour, of course, is also of major significance in heraldry, and Peacham on occasion exploits it to the full in this context, as can be seen in the Royal manuscript in his use of blue and gold in Book II, Emblem 1, where he moralizes on the arms of France,62 or in his use of contrasted red and gold lions in Book II, Emblem 2, to represent England and Scotland, comparable examples being Book II, Emblem 30, and Book III, Emblem 16.

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4) Folger Shake Library: MS V.b.45. 'EMBLEMATA Varia, recens adinventa, suis Iconibus, unaqfue] carmine Latino donata, Authore Henrico Peachamo' (a) Date of Manuscript Peacham's fourth extant emblem book is quite different in character and subject-matter from the three earlier 'Basilikon Doron' manuscripts, and, unlike those manuscripts, it bears no relationship to Peacham's Minerva Britanna.63 Very much shorter (it contains only twenty emblems), it is not, as far as I have been able to determine, based upon any particular source. Nor do its emblems include the kind of copious listing of sources and analogues that was so much a feature of the other three manuscripts. 'Emblemata varia' was clearly a quite new and independent composition on Peacham's part, and, since it is much later than his other emblem books, it demonstrates that Peacham had not exhausted his love of the emblem form upon the publication of Minerva Britanna. The point is worth noting since in 1620 in the dedication prefacing his collection of epigrams, Thalia's Banquet, he said that since the publication of Minerva Britanna eight years earlier, he had completely given up the childish pursuit of emblems, having turned his attention to more serious matters.64 Instead, as Peacham points out in the dedication of the Folger manuscript, even though after Minerva Britanna he was indeed of the mind to turn away from such forms of poetry,65 he decided to compose yet another collection on account of the encouragement he had received from many good and learned men ('aplurimis iisdemque viris bonis acdoctis')and on account of his awareness of his own special talents for this particular art form ('meipsum praeterea vel a primis a vis in haec studia genio quodam abreptum in'). Unfortunately, Peacham did not date his 'Emblemata varia.' but a vital clue to when it was written is contained in the opening sentence of the prefatory dedication to Sir Julius Caesar: Annus iam agitur decimus septimus ... ex quo Regiae Ma": REGIVM illud DONVM, totum in Emblemata versum et picturis ad vivum delineatis obtulerim quern libellum a sua Mate: benigniter acceptum, plurimis alijs subinde inventis adauctum typis mandavi ac publici feci iuris, ... (fol. 2a) [It is now the seventeenth year, O most distinguished Sir and outstanding patron of the most excellent arts, since I presented to His Royal Majesty that Royal Gift turned completely into emblems and drawn with lifelike pictures. This little book, which was graciously accepted by His Majesty and then subsequently augmented with numerous other alterations, I entrusted to the printer and placed in the public domain, ...] Peacham is here clearly alluding to the presentation of a now lost 'Basilikon Doron' manuscript emblem book to King James I, some time before the publication of Minerva Britanna. If the Harleian manuscript discussed above was the draft for this presentation copy, and if the presentation was made in late 1604 or early 1605, soon after the draft was completed, then the Eolger manuscript can be dated 1621-2, seventeen years later. Although Peacham did not date his manuscript, he did sign it and state his address: 'E Schola Martiniana ad campos: Honoris tui studiosissimus Henricus Peacham' [From the School of St Martin's in the Fields, Most zealous for your Honour, Henry Peacham]. Peacham had, it seems, still not been able to break free from the burdens of schoolteaching. ajob he had spoken of disparagingly in the Harleian manuscript and for which in 1620 he had expressed something approaching loathing. 06 The only school at St Martin's-in-the-Fields of which there is any record in the early 1620s adjoined the church on the south side.' 1 Peacham seems to have

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had long-standing connections with this part of Westminster. In 1612 he speaks of his friends the Collards in 'St Marlines in the feildes.' In Graphice that same year, he mentions his friends John Thorpe, the architect, and Simon Greene, Purveyor of the King's Stable, both of whom were residents of St Martin's parish, and he also mentions that the son of Christopher Collard was a former pupil of his. 68 Finally, in The Valley of Variety (1638), Peacham refers to the fact that he had 'lived in Saint Martins Parish in the Fields, twentie yeares since.'69 This last statement makes clear that Peacham was living in St Martins-in-the-Fields in 1618. By 1622, as we know from other sources, he had moved to Hoxton. 70 This would make 1622 the latest year which 'Emblemata Varia' could be dated. (b) Peacham's Dedicatee Peacham's self-confessed dislike of teaching may be the explanation for his dedication of 'Emblemata Varia' to Sir Julius Caesar. Once again, it seems, Peacham is using one of the conventional means allowed him of approaching a potential patron. There is no record of how Sir Julius responded to Peacham's gift, but in The Compleat Gentleman Peacham compliments Caesar 'for his sincerity, as his loue to good learning and all excellent parts,' acknowledging himself 'to bee many wayes obliged' to Caesar.71 Ten years earlier in Minerva Britanna, Peacham had dedicated an emblem to Caesar, and in the Folger manuscript dedication, Peacham notes that Caesar had been among the first to express praise for that printed emblem book.72 In 1606, Caesar had been made Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of the Exchequer and the following year joined the Privy Council, but he surrendered the first of these offices in 1614 when he became Master of the Rolls for life.73 From 1620 to 1622, Caesar was Member of Parliament for Maldon, Essex, and throughout his life played a highly influential role in the administration of James I's government. That he was known as 'A person of prodigious bounty to all of worth' leads one to believe that Peacham's choice of him as a possible patron was well founded.74 As I have noted elsewhere,75 Peacham may, by the early 1620s, have had one further reason to be grateful to Sir Julius Caesar. In January 1615, Caesar was one of the commissioners who examined Edmond Peacham, the Rector of Hinton St George in Somerset, a man suspected of being involved in a conspiracy against the King's life. During a subsequent examination on 10 March 1615, the desperate accused man attempted to implicate his namesake.76 In a letter to the King two days later, Bacon suggested that 'furder inquiry be made of this other Peacham,'77 but what action was taken we do not know. One may speculate that since Sir Julius Caesar knew Henry Peacham at this time, he may have intervened on his behalf, but if he did, Peacham never mentions it. (c) Physical Properties and Provenance of Manuscript Peacham's 'Emblemata Varia' consists of twelve leaves (28 x 19 cms) and contains twenty pen-and-ink emblems, each of which generally comprises a motto, an illustration, and an accompanying four-line Latin poem. Three of the emblems employ marginal annotations and five of them have additional lines of verse. The manuscript is bound in modern light brown half-calf. After Caesar's death in 1636, his famous library, which presumably included this manuscript, remained in his family until it was dispersed on the sale of the family estate at Bennington in 1744. The manuscript then resurfaced at a Sotheby's sale on 1 June 1921 'of the Celebrated Library Consisting of Valuable Printed Books and Important Illuminated and Other Manuscripts The Property of The Late Sir John Arthur Brooke, Bt., Fernay Hall, Huddersfield.' Item 1168 in this sale was Peacham's 'Emblemata Varia,' and its buyer was William T. Smedley, who paid £20 for it. Smedley had been collecting books for some twenty years in order 'to unravel the problem of the production of literature in this country [i.e., England] & France from 1576 to 1640.' 7K In 1924, Smedley sold his library to Henry Clay Folger Jr. (1857-1930), the American founder of the present Folger Shakespeare Library.

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A NOTE ON THE EMBLEM DESCRIPTIONS AND INDEXES The Emblem Descriptions As in previous volumes of the Index Emblematicus, this volume offers facsimiles of the indexed items, though where necessary the facsimile may be in a slightly reduced or enlarged scale. Because the written text (chiefly the epigrams and lists of sources) provided by Peacham is often very congested or faint, only the pictures of each emblem have been reproduced. However, all the various texts (mottoes, epigrams, sources, marginalia) have been transcribed. It should also be noted that the original of Peacham's MS Royal 12A LXVI was in colour, whereas the reproduction offered here is limited to black and white. Accompanying every emblem listed is a series of up to seven data fields: 1. Motto: The motto for each emblem is transcribed in the form and spelling in which it appears in the original manuscript. In every case, the language of the motto is indicated. Accompanying any non-English motto, as in previous volumes, is a translation into English. 2. Epigram: Peacham's Latin epigrams are transcribed as faithfully as possible from the originals. However, contractions are expanded and placed in square brackets. 3. Epigram Translation: The translation of each Latin epigram supplied here is an attempt to provide a fairly literal English version of Peacham's original. As far as possible, the key words indexed in the original Latin have been matched by English counterparts in each translation. 4. Picture: The description of each picture follows the principles set out in previous volumes of the Index Emblematicus. The amount of description is determined by what is required to render accessible the key motifs in the picture. Attention is concentrated upon the symbolically relevant motifs, and less attention is paid to background, foreground, and other illustrative material, unless such material demonstrably adds to the significance of the central motif or motif cluster. The purpose of the brief description of the picture is, then, to provide the necessary minimum information upon which the computer-generated index is based. Where an accompanying motto, epigram, or source provided by Peacham permits one to identify some specific motif in a picture (e.g. the phoenix in Rawl, 2.3), this information has been used. 5. Sources: This field transcribes the sources recorded by Peacham. With regard to the three versions of Peacham's 'Basilikon Doron,' the most important source is King James's printed work of that name, from which Peacham frequently quotes (providing book and page numbers) to show the underlying origin for each emblem. Other sources and analogues, often from Classical authors and the early Church Eathers, are frequently provided. Usually, Peacham lists his sources and analogues at the foot of each emblem, but occasionally they appear as marginalia. When the latter is the case, this is indicated.

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6. References: This field contains references to specific emblems in his later printed emblem book, Minerva Britanna, in which Peacham often reworked emblems that had first appeared in his earlier three 'Basilikon Doron' manuscripts. Equally important are the cross-references among the three 'Basilikon Doron' manuscripts, since in many instances Peacham reworks the same emblem from manuscript to manuscript, often with considerable variation. 7. Comments: This field permits a limited amount of editorial annotation. Sources unacknowledged by Peacham are noted here, as are any difficulties encountered in transcribing or translating Peacham's text.

Transcription of Peacham's Greek Occasionally Peacham quotes Greek sources or uses Greek in his mottoes and epigrams. Because his use of contractions is somewhat idiosyncratic, his Greek has been transcribed and printed following modern conventions, including those for breathing signs, pitch accent signs, and punctuation.

Treatment of Key Words in the Indexes The indexes at the rear of this volume are based on key words, which are specially flagged by a small superscript 'bubble' (°) in the main body of the text where the facsimiles and emblem descriptions are presented. As in the earlier volumes of the Index Emblematicus, the key words in foreign languages are indexed separately, as well as in English translation. All key words are modernized and lemmatized so as to circumvent the problems of morphology, inflectional endings, and conjugated forms, as well as the vagaries in spelling, which are encountered everywhere in the vernacular languages of the seventeenth century. Before the key words were sorted into indexes, a certain amount of pre-editing was required. Inflected and conjugated word forms, which pose problems for those creating indexes and concordances, were subjected to a process of lemmatization that reduced each key word to its basic form. In the case of nouns the nominative singular is used unless the noun only exists in the plural form. Verbs are cited in the infinitive in all European languages with the exception of Latin where convention requires the use of the first-person singular of the present tense. Adjectives, irrespective of the gender of accompanying nominal forms, are reduced to nominative masculine singular. In this way, the Index provides larger groupings of words that belong together semantically as variations of the same root but that would otherwise have been scattered throughout the alphabetical index. Capitalization can on occasion raise problems of interpretation. Some abstract nouns can refer either to a concept or to a personification of that concept, for example, fame and Fame, victory and Victory, virtue and Virtue. Usually the presence of the allegorical figure in the picture is sufficient grounds for capitalizing the noun in question. All mottoes are reproduced in the orthography employed in the source, but key words deriving from them are not only lemmatized, as explained above, but given modern orthography in the indexes. This means, for example, that the Latin consonantal T and 'u' are replaced by 'j' and V where appropriate. As also mentioned, mottoes not in English have been translated. As far as possible, where synonyms are available and often reveal stylistic or syntactic differences, the same English word has been used to prevent the reader from unnecessary searching.

xxiv

Introduction

The Concordances and Indexes The concordances and indexes that make up the Index Eiublcmciticits provide systematic access to a large and diffuse body of information. The purpose is identification rather than interpretation, so the motifs in the pictures, for example, are identified and described neutrally, and not interpreted. Thus, the picture for the first emblem in each of the three 'Basilikon Doron' emblem books depicts a hand extending from clouds at top and holding a chain that is attached to either side of a crown. No interpretation is given, although the cloud could be said to represent Heaven, the hand to be that of God, and the double chain, as Peacham's text makes clear, the double obligation that a king has since he serves both God and his subjects. Whereas, strictly speaking, an index lists single words with no context whatsoever, a concordance cites the key words in their natural contexts, no matter how delimited. The disadvantage of listing single words is that the user is forced to return to the original text in order to determine whether the term listed is the one sought. Concordances that cite the natural context frequently enable the user to determine immediately whether or not this is the usage required. However, the shorter the context supplied, the less valuable it is. The indexes in this volume attempt to include the natural context for the key word being indexed. The context is limited in length in the case of the Picture Index, Epigram Index, and Epigram Translation Index, but should be sufficient for the user to establish whether the key word is the one sought. In the case of the other indexes (Mottoes and Translations of Mottoes), the entire context (i.e., Motto and Translation) has been provided. In addition, the user should also note that the indexes for key words contain separate indexes for proper names. There is also a separate index for verbal inscriptions contained in the pictures.

How to Use the Indexes The indexes of the Index Emblematiciis are alphabetical listings, not classified groupings as is the case with the Icon Class. In order to obtain the maximum information available in any concordance or index, the user must always be prepared to make a list of synonyms, and also of related words. Whereas there may in fact only be one word for the bird called eagle, the user must look under 'pig,' 'piglet,' 'sow,' and 'swine' for verbal references to the pig. The user should also remember that abstract nouns may also be used as personifications; these appear in upper case in the Proper Noun Indexes.

English Emblem Tradition

xxv

Notes 1 Tung (2), 104-46. 2 For accounts of Peacham's life, see Pitman (1) and (2); and Young (2), (3), and (7). 3 This drawing is in the possession of the Marquess of Bath at Longleat (Harley Papers, Volume 1, fol. 159). See Chambers, 326-30, and Plate XI; J.D. Wilson, 17-22; and Young (3), frontispiece illustration and 20. 4 The grammar school at Kimbolton was founded in 1600. Peacham signed the dedication in The Art of Drawing (1606) 'from my studie in Kimbalton' (sig A2b). Also, a Lincoln episcopal record alludes to Peacham's licence to teach at Kimbolton (Lincolnshire County Archives: Lincoln Diocesan Records, Reg 30, fol 298b). The licence of Peacham's successor, James Johnson, is dated April 1607 (Reg 30, fol 304a). 5 The Compleat Gentleman, 199. To date, no trace of the manuscript for this projected emblem book has been found. For recent accounts of Peacham's contributions to emblem literature, see Young (1) and (3), and Bath, 90-110. 6 For an account of Peacham's collaboration with Hollar, see Young (6), 158 and 200, note 33. 7 T.M., The True Narration of the Entertainment of his Royall Maiestie, from the Time of his Departure from Edenbrough, till his Receiuing at London (1602), sig Fib. 8 British Library, MS Harleian 6855, Art. 13, hereafter referred to as 'Harl.' 9 Unfortunately, the Cromwell documents, which may have confirmed the names of those present at Hinchingbrooke, were destroyed by fire in 1830. 10 '... et quid clinatius e schola vbi hinc inde garritus & puerorum strepitus (hoc enim sub onere ingemisco) nee per semihorae otio frui liceat' (fol 2a) [What is more misshapen than something issuing from a school where everywhere there is children's noise and chatter (yes, it is underneath this burden that I groan) and one is not even permitted a half-hour's leisure?]. 11 This rapid rush to print was reported by Giovanni Carlo Scaramelli, Venetian Secretary in England, in a dispatch dated 24 April 1603. See, CSP, Venetian 1602-07, Vol X, 10, item 22. 12 Rypins, 393; and Jackson, 232. 13 Manningham, entry for 30 March 1602. 14 Rypins, 394. See STC 14349, 14350, 14351, 14353. 15 An examination of a number of copies of the 1602 edition of Basilikon Down in the British Library yielded no solution to this matter. See British Library 523.a.3.(3.); 722.d.5; 808.c.6.(1.); 1472.aa. 16;

xxvi

Introduction

1472.aa.18; and C.38.b.5. The pirated version by E. Allde (British Library C.95.b.32) has a completely different pagination. 16 Minerva Britanna, sig A3b. 17 On this point, see Parry, 7. Inevitably, one also recalls that King James's mother, Mary Queen of Scots, is credited with embroidering a large number of emblematic devices, some of which derive from Paradin, but some of which were probably her own invention. See Daly, 21-4. 18 Peter Young, James's tutor in Scotland, drew up a list of books in the young king's library. See Warner, xxxiii-iv, xl, 1, Ix, Ixi, Ixv, Ixvi. 19 E.Wilson, passim. 20 Birch, 44. 21 British Library, MS Royal 16E XXXVIII, fol lOa. 22 Cornwallis, 97 and 100-1. 23 Cleland, 35. For a recent account of Prince Henry's court, see Strong, passim. 24 Minerva Britanna sig A2a. That Peacham did obtain an entry to court circles is clear from Graphice, in which he mentions having frequently drawn the portrait of his majesty while this latter was 'sitting at dinner, or talking with some of his followers' (25). 25 Tanner, 34. 26 See below, xviii-ix. 27 The connection between the Prince and the manuscript, as indicated above, is established through the wording of the title-page. 28 Birch, 16. 29 Although James himself employed marginalia (mostly Biblical), Peacham seems to have preferred to create his own. 30 The following description of the physical features of Peacham's manuscript derives from my earlier discussion of the manuscript. See Young (5). 31 A leaf may, of course, have been removed when the pages were still blank or before Peacham began Emblem 5, thus not affecting the eventual number of the emblems. The Summary Catalogue of Western MSS. in the Bodleian Library (Vol. Ill f 1895], 313) claims that a leaf may be missing after fol 21 (no mention is made of the stub after fol 2). but in fact fols 21 and 22 are conjugate leaves so that such a possibility is very remote, the misunderstanding having arisen, one assumes, because the manuscript was originally wrongly foliated at this point.

English Emblem Tradition

\xvii

32 On this point, see Enright, 294-5. Enright also quotes Rawlinson to demonstrate the hitter's concern to protect his manuscripts against deterioration by providing them with bindings (295). 33 The person who wrote 'H. Whatton fecit' on fol 3a may have been an intermediary owner. 34 Enrisht, 297. 'to

1

35 See The Proclamation for the Union of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, 19 May 1603, reprinted in Rymer, 506-7. Cf also James's first address to the English Parliament in which he spoke at length about the advantages of the union of the 'two ancient and famous Kingdoms' (The Kings Malesties Speech [London, 1604], sigs Bl b -B3 b ). See also CSP, Domestic, 1603-1610 (London, 1857), x, items 15-6, 39-41, 55-6. For a more complete discussion of Peacham's treatment of the theme of royal authority in MS. Harleian 6855, see Young (8). 36 Given the various allusions to Henry VII during the 1604 entry, it would appear that James's subjects shared his view. James was the great grandson of the eldest daughter of Henry VII, Margaret Tudor, who married James IV of Scotland. In his first speech before Parliament, for example, James said: 'by my descent lineally out of the loynes of Henry the seuenth is reunited and confirmed in me the Vnion of the two princely Roses of the two Houses of LANCASTER and YORKE, whereof that King of happy memorie was the first Vniter, ...' (The Kings Maiesties Speech [London, 1604], sig. B l a ). 37 On this point, and for a discussion of how this mythology was integrated into James's triumphal entry, see Parry, pp. 4, 8-9, 16-20 et passim. Cf. Bergeron, pp. 81-2. As Parry points out in another context, Jacobean political ideology also appropriated the Tudor mythology of Arthurian ancestry, James being a second Arthur (p. 70). 38 For a discussion of Peacham's heraldic emblems, see Young (3), 47-9, and Tung ( 1 ) , 86-94. 39 Book II, Emblem 6, depicts a rather incongruous clump of thistles and roses growing together and being watered by a hand extended from heaven above. The accompanying motto, 'Quern plantavi irrigabo' (That which I planted I will water) derives from 1 Corinthians 3:6 (T have planted, Apollo's watered; but God gave the increase'). The epigram for II.6 makes clear the theme of unity and the divinely sanctioned role James plays in its achievement. 40 '... par la double Ia9ure d'icelles ensemble, leur inuincible & indissoluble union' (Devises heroiques, 1557 ed, 22). Paradin also makes the point, though it is not exploited by Peacham, that the similarity of one shell to another signifies the equality which prevails among the members of the order, a meaning intended by those Roman senators who wore the device of a shell on their arms: '... par la similitude ou semblance de ses Coquilles, leur equalite, ou egale fraternite d'Ordre, (en ensuiuant les Senateurs Rommeins, qui portoient aussi des Coquilles es bras pour enseigne, ou Deuise,) ...' (Devises heroiques, 1557ed.,p. 23). 41 'Auspiciis, propera, Divi coalesce lacobi \ Et terris redeunt aurea secla tuis' (Hasten and unite under the auspices of the godlike James, and the golden age will return to your lands). See Basilikon Doron, Book III, Emblem XII.

xxviii

Introduction

42 To date, 1 have been unable to find any trace of Peacham's presentation copy. 43 The Prince is referred to as Prince of Wales and Hail of Chester, titles not conferred on him u n t i l 4 June 1610. 44 That the items on folios 36 and 37 are in Peacham's hand can be ascertained by comparing them w i t h the samples of his handwriting preserved in British Library, MS Harleian 1500, fol 1 16b. 45 Young (4), 305-11. 46 Their watermark is a bunch of grapes, whereas the remainder of the manuscript uses paper with a watermark of a pot. 47 Wright, 247. 48 A Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts (London: British Museum, 1808), Vol II, 118. 49 Wright, Diary, Vol I, xx-xxi. 50 Esdaile, 231. 51 Book III, Emblem 8. The title 'Prince of Wales 1 was, however, regularly used prior to 1610. See the collection of Prince Henry's letters in the British Museum, MS Harleian 7007. 52 CSP Venetian, Vol. XII, 159; and Cornwallis, 17-18. 53 It might also be noted that, as Roy Strong has commented (Strong, 27), the overwhelming bias of Prince Henry's household was Protestant. Peacham, the son of an Anglican clergyman, seems to have followed a moderate Protestant point of view, eventually siding with the Royalists when the English Civil War began. His manuscript emblem books reflect his ecclesiology and often proclaim their author's centre-of-the-road Anglicanism through their attacks on Roman Catholicism and Puritan sectarianism alike. 54 Newton, 168, 170. For a discussion of the unprecedented size and scope of the Prince's library, see Strong, 200-11. 55 Newton, 177. 56 Esdaile, 247. 57 Newton, 177. 58 Minerva Britanna, sig A2a. 59 Freeman, 73-4.

[•'ni>!isli Emblem Tradition

\\\\

00 Allen. S2-3. 61 Ripa, 479. 62 Cf. Minerva Britanna, 15. 63 See my Introduction to the facsimile edition of this work (Emblemata Varia). 64 'Annus iam agitur octavos ex quo (Minerva nostra public! facta iuris) nugis Foeticis in totum renunciarim, et iuvenilibus istis relictis, me ad seria magis ac vtilia' (sig A3a). 65 '... ut Poesi, sterili et infaecunda studii generi in totum renunciarem' (Emblemata Varia, fol 2a). 66 Thalia's Banquet, Epigram 30. Addressing Wymondham, where he was a teacher. Feacham said: Windham I love thee, and I love thy soile, Yet ever loath'd that never ceasing toile Of thy faire Schoole, which whiles that it was free, My selfe the Maister lost my libertie. 67 Ben Jonson had received his early education at this school. 68 Minerva Britanna, 92; and Graphice, 172-3. 69 The Valley of Variety, 130. 70 Hoxton in Peacham's time was a village a mile or so to the north of the City of London. The dedication to William Howard in The Compleat Gentleman (1622) is signed 'from my house at Hogsdon by London, May 30' (sig A4b). 71 The Compleat Gentleman, 162. 72 'Inter primes quos habet BRITANNIA nostra optimarum artium Patrones et Admiratores tu ipse (Vir Honoratissime) unus cum primis es ...' (Among the first patrons and admirers of the most excellent arts which our Britannia possessed, you yourself ... etc.) 73 At the head of the dedication in 'Emblemata Varia,' Peacham addresses Caesar as Master of the Rolls and member of the Privy Council ('Rotulorum Custodi summo, et Regiae Ma": ab intimis Consilijs'). 74 Fuller, 394. 75 Introduction to Emblemata varia, [ v i j . 76 Bacon, V, 126-7. 77 Ibid. V, 126.

xxx

Introduction

78 Letter from Smedley to Henry Folger. 7 October 1924, now in the Smedley File in the Folger Shakespeare Library ('Special Collections ... Correspondence').

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawlinson, Poetry 146)

2

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 1.1

LATIN MOTTO: Nisi "desuper Only from "above PICTURE: A right "hand extends downwards from "clouds and holds a double "chain that supports a "crown. Below is a landscape with some water.

EPIGRAM: "Nubibus en duplici vinctum "Diadema °catena Quod procul a nostro sustinet °orbe °manus "Compede non alia te nectit Summe °Iacobe Esse °virum et °Regem qui dedit ipse °Deus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Behold, in the "clouds [appears] a "crown bound by a double "chain: and a "hand holds it aloft far from our "world. With no other "fetter, Great "James, are you bound by "God who himself has granted you should be [both] a "man and a "king. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.1; Royal, 1.1: Minerva Britcmna, \. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON Libro primo pag. 2.d;i Therefore (my Sonne) first of all thinges, learne to know and love that God, whome to yee have a double obligation; first for that hee made you a man; and next for that hee made you a little God to sit on his throne, and rule over other men. et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

2

Rawl, 1.2

LATIN MOTTO: Meo "peccant °peccato They °err through my °fault PICTURE: The °sun at top left shines down upon a "column, at the top of which is a °sphere with short spikes (?a "sundial). Upon the top of the sphere is a small winged "horse, possibly a °weather-vane. EPIGRAM: "Phoebe tuo rapide dum "ferre retrogradus axe Et gradibus cedit non minus "umbra decem "Principis ad mores "populus se fingit et ultro Flectitur exemplo "Regis ubiqfue] loci. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: "Phoebus, when you are carried swiftly backwards in your "axis, the "sh retreats no less than ten degrees. The "populace forms itself according to the "behaviour of the "King and is spontaneously directed by the example of the King wherever he stands. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON Lib: 1. pag: 3. Thinke not therefore that the highnes of your dignitie diminisheth your faultes (much lesse giveth you a licence to sinne) but by the contrary, your fault shalbee aggravated according to the height of your dignitie; any sinne that yee commit, not being a single sinne procuring but the fall of one; but being an exemplare Sinne, and therefore drawing with it the whole Multitude to bee guilty of the same. ISAIAE 38.8 [in left margin beside epigram] Ecce umbram horologii Aliaz reducam etc.

4

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 1.3

LATIN MOTTO: "Sapientiae °Initium The "beginning of "wisdom PICTURE: A "book (°Bible), upon which is a vertical unsheathed "sword, pointing skywards. Around the blade is coiled a "snake. EPIGRAM: Squammiger in gyros "gladio se colligit "anguis Naturam signans O "Politeia tuam Sed tibi fisa cadis circundata mille "periclis Haec nisi sustenant "Biblia sacra "Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The scaly "snake, signifying your nature, oh "Body Politic, gathers itself into a coil around the "sword; but, if you rely on yourself, you will fall, surrounded by a thousand "perils, unless the holy "books of "God support you. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Harl, 1.3; Partial Duplicate: Royal 1.3; Minerva Britanna, 2. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. i. pag. 3. prov: 9. 10. Remember also that by the right knowledge and feare of God (which is the beginning of wisedome as Salomon saith) yee shall know all the thinges necessarie for the discharge of your duty, both as a Christian and as a king seing in him as in a mirrour, the course of all earthly thinges, whereof hee is the onely spring and moover. PROV: 9.10 [in left margin of above quotation]

Basil ikon Doron (MS Raw 1)

5

Raw I, 1.4

LATIN MOTTO: "Ascendo ut "descendat I "rise so that it ["grace] may "descend PICTURE: An elaborate covered "well. The well cover, supported by three columns, holds a "pulley. Around the pulley is a rope to which is attached a large "bucket filled with "water. EPIGRAM: Quem "Pario extructum cernas ex "marmore "fontem Hie "Christum ardentes indicat "urna "preces Ascendant gemitus descendet "gratia "coelo Incassum moveant "thura "Sabea "Deum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: While you may see a "fountain raised out of "Parian "marble, here an "u signifies "prayers that burn for "Christ. Let "sighs rise, and "grace will descend from "heaven. In vain, let "Arabian "incense [try to] move "God. REFERENCE: See Had, 1.4 and Royal, 1.4; Minerva Britcmna, 68. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. i. pag. 3. Now the onely waie to bring you to this knowledge is diligently to read his word and earnestly to praie for the right understanding thereof. BAS: DORON lib i pag 12 Crave in your praier not onely thinges spiritual but also thinges temporal sometimes of greater and sometimes of lesse consequence; that yee may laie up in store his graunt of these thinges: et c. AUGUSTINUS [?work] Situla gratiae oratio. Joh[n]: 4. 14. [in left margin beside epigram]

6

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl. 1.5

LATIN MOTTO: Ad "unum "dirigit It "directs [us] to "one ["path] PICTURE: A small "church or "chapel. At one end of the roof are two "bells, and at the other end is a "cross. EPIGRAM: Imminet aut tectis pulsata °incendia vota "Campana; aut °stolidum °mors fera °vulgus ait Coelitus audita °Christi sic °voce canora °A0eog ad placitum ludit et °Hypocrita. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Either the "belltower, when struck, brings down [the threat of] "fire and [the call to] °prayer on the roofs, or cruel "death asserts that the common "people are "dull-witted; and thus, when the melodious "voice of the heavenly "Christ is heard, the "godless man ("atheist) and the "dissembler ("hypocrite) play with it as they please. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. i. pag 4. But above all beware yee wrest not the word to your owne appetite, as over-many doe, making it like a bell to sound as yee please to interpret: but by the contrary frame all your affections to follow precisely the rule there set downe. COMMENTS: At top left of emblem is 'H. Whatton fecit' (this could possibly be 'H. W. nation').

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

7

Raw], 1.6

LATIN MOTTO: Haec °cuiq[ue], ilia "nemini This is for "everyone, and that is for "nobody PICTURE: A bare-breasted woman ("Faith). With her rig arm extended she holds up a "heart. Her left hand is extended downwards behind her. Her left hand holds a small object. EPIGRAM: "Cor dextra alma °fides humanum tendit ad "astra Demissa et quare haec altera versus "humum Nil praxis verae nisi °relligionis habetur Corde pio credens si simul °aequa facis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why does life-giving "Faith stretch out a human "heart in her right hand toward the "stars, and why is her other hand lowered towards the "ground? This is considered to be the act of nothing but true "religion, namely to trust with godly heart and at the same time to do "right. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.5; Royal, 1.5; Minerva Britanna, 1. SOURCES: BAS DORON lib. 1. pag. 5. lin. 13 So in twoo degrees standeth the whole service of God by man: interiour or upward exteriour or down-ward, the first, by praier in faith towardes God; the next by workes flowing there-fra before the world: which is nothing els but the exercise of Religion towardes God and of equitie towardes your neighbour.

8

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 1.7

LATIN MOTTO: "Vulnerat ille "medemur That [sword] "wounds; but we are "healed PICTURE: A vertical unsheathed "sword. To its blade are attached with "muslin two "medicine "bottles. EPIGRAM: "Sindone sanguineus nivea qui cingitur "ensis, "Lege °Dei iusta, quid mereare docet: "Unguina per "phialam, per °lintea, "gratia "Christi, "Vulnere ne pereas, quam redivivus habes. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The bloodied "sword, which is tied with snowy-white "muslin, teaches [you] what you deserve from the just °law of "God. The "ointments in the "vial and on the "linens are the "grace of "Christ, which you, on being born again, possess so that you may not perish from the "wound. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Harl, 1.6; Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.6; Minerva Britanna, 83. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. 1 pag. 7. The ground of the former is the Law, which sheweth our sinne, and containeth Justice: the ground of ye other is Christ, who pardoning sinne containeth grace.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

9

Rawl, 1.8

LATIN MOTTO: His "praemunitus "Prepared by these means PICTURE: From a large "book ("Bible) grows a "branch with "leaves. Upon the branch perches a "dove. EPIGRAM: Nate tuis manibus cum sacra °volumina versas Sit tibi "mens quaerens sancta °salutis iter Immundas nescit °sedes habitare "columba "Spiritus aut intret pectora prava "Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Child, when you turn [the pages of] the sacred "scriptures in your hands, hav a holy "mind that seeks the path of "salvation. The "dove is unable to live in unclean "dwelling places; neither would the "spirit of "God enter a corrupt "heart. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.7; Royal, 1.7. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib: 1 pag. 10. But when yee read the Scripture read it with a sanctified and chast hart, admire reverentlie: et c.

10

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 1.9

LATIN MOTTO: "Psalmi °Davidici The "Psalms of °David PICTURE: A key-ring with nine "keys. EPIGRAM: °Clavibus innexis °Hymnos "Hillarius aptat °Iessai cecinit quos pia °Musa °senis: Fles, agis aut "grates, canis, aut te terreat hostis, His aditus referes qua sit adire °Deum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: "Hilary compares to a set of "keys the "hymns which the godly °Muse of the "old man, the son of °Jesse, sang. You weep or you give "thanks, you sing or an enemy may frighten you, [but] in this way you will create paths by which you may approach °God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.8; Royal, 1.9; Minerva Bntanna. 9. SOURCES: BASIL: DORON lib i: pag. ii. As for teaching you the forme of your praiers, the psalmes of David are the meetest schoolemaister that yee can bee acquainted with (next the praier of our Saviour, which is the only rule of praier) whereout of as of most rich and pure fountaines yee may learne all forme of praier, necessary for your comfort at all occasions, et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

11

Rawl, 1.10

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: A "tree with thick "foliage. A single bird, a° dove, can be seen. The tree stands in a landscape with a °church to the left and a "house to the right. EPIGRAM: Succinit alternis cum cetera "turba volucrum, °Fronde sub obscura, "triste "columba gemit: °Mens °pia °secessus quaerat, ("gratia abdita "divis,) "Planctibus at madeat "nocte "cubile tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: When the other "crowd of birds sings in turn, concealed beneath the "foliage, the "dove sighs in "sadness. The °godly "mind seeks out "retreats, hidden "grace ("thanks) to the °gods; but let your "bed be moistened at "night with your "weeping. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.10; Royal, 1.10; Minerva Britanna, 110. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib 1 pag 12. Use often to praie when yee are quietest, especially forget it not in your bed, how oft so ever yee do it at other times: et c.

12

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 1 . 1 1

LATIN MOTTO: Nee "metuo nee "opto I neither "fear, nor "wish PICTURE: From the right extends a right arm and "hand. Around the wrist is a "bracelet. The hand holds a "skull. Below is a landscape. EPIGRAM: In °scelus ut praeceps facili laxeris "habena Fac subeat °mentem °mortis imago tuam: Nee subitum timeas °lethum, mens conscia "recti, Quo vis inculcat tempore °Christe veni. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: If you might slip, with loosened "reins, into headlong "crime, make the image of sudden °death enter your "mind, but, O mind conscious of "right, do not fear sudden "death, [for] it prompts seasonably [with the prayer], 'Come, oh "Christ!'. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.14; Royal, 1.15; Minerva Britanna, 8. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: Lib. 1. pag 17 And therefore I would not have you pray with the Papiste to bee preserved from suddaine death, but that God would give you grace so to live, as you may every howre of your life bee ready for death. Horat[ius]. lib. l.[4.13] epist[ulae]. Omnem crede diem tibi diluxisse supremum.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

13

Rawl, 1.12

LATIN MOTTO: °Spe contra "nitente °Hope "struggling against PICTURE: A °tree without "leaves. Heavy "rain is falling from above. EPIGRAM: Hei licet adversa lacerent mihi "membra "procellae Et °Boreas saevis faucibus usq[ue] fremat Haec mea qua maceror "nimbos "patientia vincet "Nubibus et pulsis tempore "veris erunt: TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Ah, though hostile "blasts tear my "limbs ("branches) and the "North Wind ever roars with a savage throat, this "endurance ("patience) of mine, whereby I am made lean, will overcome the "storms, and when the clouds have been driven away, it will be "spring-time. REFERENCE: Duplicates: Harl, 1.11; Royal, 1.11. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. i. pag. 13. Learne in time so to interprete all the adversities which God shall send you; so shall yee in the middest of them not onely bee armed with patience, but ioyfully lift up your eies from the present trouble to the happy end that God will turne it to. et c. assuring your self though you cannot in time of the showre see throwgh the clowd, et c.

14

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 1.13

LATIN MOTTO: Ut °redimam °morior. I °die so that I may °redeem [myself] PICTURE: An "ermine. EPIGRAM: °Cura tibi quanta est °stellata °Muscule °pellis Praeda cadis °canibus quam maculere ferunt Quo °Tyrio vincas °Heroas °Murice tinctos Et quibus est nee °mens, °candida °fama, °fides. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: How great is your "concern, little "rodent, for your "speckled °pelt! You would rather fall prey to the "dogs than become soiled, they say, and so you may surpass "heroes stained with "Tyrian "purple and those whose "understanding, "reputation ("fame), or "faith is not dazzling "white. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.12; Royal, 1.13; Minerva Britanna. 15. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib i page. 15. Above all then (my Sonne) labour to keepe sound this Conscience which many prattle of but over few feele et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

15

Rawl, 1.14

LATIN MOTTO: Ni °Deus ipse Mam Unless °God Himself [shows] the true °path PICTURE: A naked right °arm and °hand extended from a °cloud at right. The hand holds the "branch of a °tree. EPIGRAM: °Vimine fulgenti dextra °Cumaea °Sybilla, °Dardanidem ad campos duxerat °Elisos: Devia °caelicolas sic per °tenebrosa petamus, Dat °lumen °virga, °virgine velle °Deus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °Cumaean °Sibyl, the °branch [the °golden bough] gleaming in her right "hand, led the "Trojan ["Aeneas] to the "Elysian fields [in "Hades]: In this way, let us seek out those in "heaven through "dark byways; the "branch gives "light, while striving for "chastity is granted by "God. SOURCES: BAS: DORON. lib. i. pag ii Faith therefore maie bee called ye golden chaine that linketh the faithful soule to Christ. And because it groweth not in our garden but is the free gift of God. et c.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Rawl, 1.15 LATIN MOTTO: Et "caelo "tutior "ibis And you will go more "safely in the "sky PICTURE: Two °birds fly across the sky. In the foreground a "fowler crouches beside a °net in which he has caught some "birds. EPIGRAM: Quae "sublime petat "volucrem "vix decipit auceps "Retibus aut "visco nee cadit "esca suo "Mens humana petat "coelestia tendat in altum Vel °flocci facial "retia °tutus humi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A "fowler catches only with "difficulty a "bird which would seek the "heights ("heavens), and it is not trapped with "nets or in its own "birdlime [to become] his meal. Let the human "mind seek out "heavenly things and aim for the heights; or "safe on the ground, let it count nets as "inconsequential. SOURCES: BAS: DOR. lib. 1. pag. 6: And if my conscience had not resolved mee, that all my Religion presently professed by mee and my kingdome was grounded upon the plaine wordes of Scripture et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

17

Rawl, 1.16

GREEK MOTTO: 'X&iAauTia °Love-of-self PICTURE: A "woman ("Philautia). In her right hand she holds up a "mirror. With her left, she holds a "snake, the head of which is towards her "breast. EPIGRAM: Comprimit haec °virgo, strictis amplexibus "anguem "Pectora gyrantem: dextra °catoptra tenet. "Crimina cui placeant, nee vitae "calculus adsit, Iste sibi hunc °vermem crede quod intus alit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: This "maiden presses with close embraces the °snake which coils across her "breast; and in her right hand, she holds a "mirror. Let there be no "reckoning of life for the person who would be pleased with his "faults. For this is the "worm (believe it to be so) which he nourishes for himself inside. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.13; Royal, 1.14; Minerva Britanna, 5. SOURCES: BASILIKON. D. lib. i. pag. 16. And in that account, let not your self bee smoothed over with that flattering which is over kindly a sicknes to all mankind: but censure your self as sharply as if you were your owne enemie.

18

Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.1

LATIN MOTTO:sic pacem habemus In this way, we have "peace PICTURE: Two "lions rampant hold a "crown between them. EPIGRAM: Unum sustentant bini "diadema °Leones, "Principe °concordes, "religione simul: "Lingua, °amor et °leges, °mare, "terra, eademqfue] "fidesqfue] Nata quibus °pax haec °inviolanda manet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The twin "lions uphold one "crown, in "agreement regarding the "king and also regarding "religion. [The] "language, "love, and "laws, °ocean, "land, and "faith are the same, and this "peace, born from them, remains "inviolable. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.1; Royal, 2.2; Minerva Britanna, 11. SOURCES: No souces given. COMMENTS: The twin lions are the heraldic lions of England and Scotland.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

19

Rawl, 2.2 LATIN MOTTO: "Stabilietur in "eternu It will be "stable for all "eternity PICTURE: A "throne beneath a "canopy decorated with "stars. At the top, "wild "animals, possibly °bears, appear on either side of the canopy as though displaying it in the manner of heraldic supporters. EPIGRAM: Sidereis rutilant quae conopoea pyropis, Vermiculata polum qua patet Axis eum: Sceptra Britannorum (cum sphaera volubilis erret, Cetera devolvens) haec tua fixa tegent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °canopy, which has a reddish glow from gold-bronze "stars, undulates wit its sky, whose "axis is revealed, but it will shelter (though the spinning "globe may wander, shaking off all the rest) this "immoveable "British "sceptre of yours. SOURCES: No sources given.

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Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books

Rawl. 2,3

LATIN MOTTO: "Omine meliore "renascor I "rise again under a better "omen PICTURE: The stump of a "tree upon which stands the "phoenix. With its right foot it holds a "sceptre. To the left is a verdant tree and to the right is a tree without leaves. EPIGRAM: Ut °fato est visus "Phoenix cessisse "Britannus FiJa anni et "dubiurn vel secuere "dolor: Hie subito enascens (quem cernis) °sceptra "favillis Arripit: huic "aquilis invide °Ibere tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: As the "British "Phoenix has appeared to yield to its "fate, and "uncertainty - or rather °grief - has cut the threads of this year, this "Phoenix (whom you see), springing up suddenly from the "ashes, snatches the "sceptre: envy this [bird], O "Spaniard, despite your "eagles! REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.2; Minerva Britanna, 19. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: The emblem alludes to the death of Queen Elizabeth I and the accession of King James I. His firm commitment to Protestantism was seen as a defence against the threat from Catholic Spain which had been such a familiar concern during Elizabeth's reign.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

21

Rawl, 2.4

LATIN MOTTO: Cedendum "Apollini One should yield to "Apollo PICTURE: A °harp. EPIGRAM: Quam cernis "citharam, tua pingit °Hibernia regna "Discordes edens, pectore rauca °sonos. °Phoebea nervi tendantur ut arte "rebelles Sphaeraq[ue] °Threicedum °murmura blanda silent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °harp you see portrays your °Irish realms, producing, hoarse of lungs, °discordant °sounds. In order that the Rebellious strings and the sphere may be tuned with the art of °Phoebus, the persuasive °music of the °Thracians is silent. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.5; Minerva Britanna, 45. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: 'Thracians' (Threicedum) in the epigram is perhaps a reference to the cult of Dionysus. The heraldicharp of Ireland, a country synonymous with rebellion in the late sixteenth century, frequently provided English authors with a literary conceit having to do with discordant music (political rebellion) and harmony (political stability and peace). The king of England had been king of Ireland since Henry VIII' s reign. At the accession of James I of England, the quartered arms of France and England were placed in the first and fourth quarters, Scotland in the second, and the harp of Ireland in the third.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.5

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: A "hand extends from the "clouds and supports a heraldic "shield upon which are three "fleurs-de-lis. Below is the "sea upon which are two "ships. On either side is land.

EPIGRAM: Aurea "ceruleo quae fulgent "lilia "campo "Gallia de "coelo iactitat ecce sibi "Omine vicisti at maiore "Britannia "Regem Ostentas, "florem "Gallia sola suum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The golden "lilies, which shine across the "sea-blue "plain, "France boasts to be its own from "heaven. But you, "Britain, have conquered under a greater "sign: for you display your "king; but "France, alone, displays just its own "flower. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.4; Royal, 2A; Minerva Britanna, 15. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: The picture represents the English Channel with England on one side and France on the other. The heraldic fleurs-de-lis of France had been incorporated into the British arms, for the monarchs of England claimed to be monarchs of England, Scotland, Ireland, and France, a matter represented heraklically in the British arms.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

23

Rawl, 2.6 LATIN MOTTO: Sic cedent "venena Thus, "poisons will yield PICTURE: A "unicorn rampant. With its front legs it holds a long "lance, at the end of which is a small "flag. The flag shows the "lion rampant of "Scotland. Beneath the unicorn is an overturned "cup ("goblet). There is a "chain around the unicorn and attached to a "crown around its neck. EPIGRAM: "Romana "pellex, "regibus nitens ostro Quae "philtra porrexit levi, Calcat "Monoceros, superbior "regis "Vexilla sustentans sui. "Candore vincens quos "greges °Paros vendat, "Cygnosve "Maeander tuos. Hei velle °Babylon hunc premis "comam frustra "Cornu "medelae namq[ue] erit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The love "potions which the "Roman "prostitute, shining with purple, has just offered with light [hand] to "kings, the "unicorn tramples under foot, more magnificent in upholding the "standards ("flags) of his own "king, and surpassing in "brightness the "flocks sold by "Paros, or your "swans, O "Meander. Ah, "Babylon, tear this out; you cover your "hair in vain, for the "horn will be [the source] of "healing. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.7. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: This would appear to be an anti-Catholic polemic.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.7

LATIN MOTTO: Quern "plantavi °irrigabo That which I °planted, I will °water PICTURE: A °hand extends from °clouds. It holds a °watering-can from which "water falls upon a clump of °thistles and "roses. EPIGRAM: "Cyprigenae "agrorum °decus ille, haec sacra "puellae, °Carduus unanimes, vernaqfue] °rosa virent: Quae gelidus °coelo, foecundans °imber ab alto Vult °omen °regnis summe °Iacobe tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: That is the "ornament of the "fields, and these are the sacred "rites of the "Cyprian "maiden. The wild "thistle and the spring °rose bloom together and the cold "rain nourishing them from high "heaven wants this to be a "sign, oh great "James, for your "kingdoms. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Harl, 2.6; Partial Duplicates: Royal, 2.4; Minerva Britaima, 12. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: The thistle and the rose were the heraldic flowers of Scotland and England respectively. The union of the two kingdoms was frequently symbolised in heraldry and literature by the conjunction of the two flowers.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

25

Rawl, 2.8

LATIN MOTTO: "Lux "publica principis "igne The "king's "fires are a "public "light PICTURE: A "candle with a "flame at the top. The flame is surrounded by six other candles. EPIGRAM: "Sydera remotis longe aspicienda "theatris °Montibus aut °taedas obdere nemo potest An credam extinguat tua "lumina summe "Monarcha Ipse quibus "livor flagrat °amore °boni. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "stars, which are to be watched from far off in distant "viewing-places, or "torches [placed] on °mountains, no one can obscure. Or shall I believe °envy itself will extinguish your "light, supreme "monarch, in those in whom it burns with "love of the "good? REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.9; Royal, 2.6; Minerva Britanna, 52. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib: 2 pag 24 For people are naturally inclined to counterfait (like Apes) there princes manners et c. vide pag: 60 et 61 but by the contrary let your owne life bee a law booke and a mirrour to your people et c.

26

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Raw], 2.9

LATIN MOTTO: An "moriemur "inultae Shall we "die "unavenged? PICTURE: The "tomb of °Domitian. Above it are several "flies. On the side of the tomb is the "inscription: 'Domitian Caesar Hie Sepelitur EPIGRAM: Sponte °pios °Reges °reveremur, at arte °Tyrannos Arte regunt itidem, "funere et arte cadunt Insiliunt quorum "cineres post fata °pop[ellus] Vel °muscae "tumulum "Domitiane tuum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: We "revere upright "kings willingly, but °tyrants by constraint. The latter also rule by force, and they fall to their "deaths shortly. The "populace jumps on their "ashes after their deaths, and even the "flies [light upon] your "tomb, O "Domitian. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.10; Royal, 2.7; Minerva Britanna, 144. SOURCES: BASIL DORON lib. 2. pag 26 Whereby the contrarie, a Tyrannes miserable and infamous life armeth in end his owne subiectes to become his burreaux: et c. COMMENTS: The implied 'we' in the motto is 'muscae' (flies).

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

27

Rawl, 2.10

LATIN MOTTO: Ex °malis °moribus °bonae °leges From °evil "practices, °good °laws [can come] PICTURE: A man holding a long two-pronged "stick. On one prong is impaled a "snake. EPIGRAM: "Perfida quae solo °necuisti "vipera morsu, "Pharmaca conterere ut Viscera sana darent. "Vipereis natas °leges ex °moribus, ipse Dixero quae prosunt °pharmaca facta °bonas. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: "Treacherous "viper, you who have "killed by a single bite, you will be ground up so that your "entrails may provide healthful "medicines. I myself will say that "good "laws have arisen as a consequence of "viper-like "behaviour, which, since it is made into "medicine, is therefore useful. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.12; Royal, 2.8; Minerva Britcmna, 34. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON. lib 2. pag 27 in calce

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.11

LATIN MOTTO: "Fidissima "comes °pietas The most "faithful "companion is "uprightness ("piety) PICTURE: A "crown. Below it are two crossed "branches of "olive. EPIGRAM: Te tua sed "pietas omni memorabilis aevo Indigitans °Caesar*; "funera maesta colit: "lustitia occubuit tecum, quia "musa, °fidesq[ue]. In "patriam; raris "pax et habenda locis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: But your "uprightness ("piety), memorable for all ages, calling upon you, "Caesar,* honours your sad "funeral. For the "Muses and "Justice will die with you, as well as "devotion ("faithfulness) to your "country, and "peace that is to be enjoyed in few places. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.11; Minerva Britanna, 145. SOURCES: [* note in left margin referring to 'Caesar' in the epigram] Augustus, n. [in left margin beside final line of epigram] Ad paginam proecedentem aptius referendum. BAS: D: lib 2 pag: 26: For a good king (after a happy and famous reigne) dieth in peace, lamented by his subiectes, and admired by his neighbours and leaving a reverent renowne behind him in earth obtaineth the crowne of eternal foelicity in heaven.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

29

Rawl. 2.12

LATIN MOTTO: Tamdiu efflorebit So long as it will 'bloom PICTURE: A vertical 'lance ('spear) from which sprout "branches. EPIGRAM: °Hasta °Palatino "Trabeati* °colle "Quirini, "Germine °vernicomo fixa "cruenta viret: °Iura daret "Latio, emicuit dum °Roma severa, Esse sua ut vidit, mollia °regna peril. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "spear, planted on the °Palatine "hill of "toga-clad "Romulus, is "gr "springtime "buds and is "bloody. It sprang up as long as °Rome gave strict "laws to "Latium, but when it saw its "rule grown soft, it perished. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.13; Royal, 2.9. SOURCES: [* note in left margin for 'Trabeati' in epigram] Trabea veste qua utebatur Ovid, libro i[.37]. Fast[i]: Hoc igitur vidit trabeati cura Quirini. BASIL: DORON lib: 2. pag. 29 Therefore bee yee contrary to your first entrie to your kingdome to that Quinquennium Neronis with his tender hearted wish Vellum nescirem literas et c. [BAS. DOR.] severity to bee used at first, [remainder incomplete in manuscript]

30

Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books Ravvl, 2.13

LATIN MOTTO: "Paritas mater "confusionis "Equality is the mother of "confusion PICTURE: A "table upon which is a five-stringed "lute. At top left is a "canopy or "curtain. EPIGRAM: "Taedia quae tereti solet indere "Barbitos °auri, °Unisonis tantum °Lesbia pacta "modis: Haec eadem °paritas tua, °sponsa "Ecclesia "Christi, Dum °paria esse velis, °membra subinde parit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: What sense of "annoyance a "Lesbian "lyre usually imparts to a refined "ear when it is played only with undifferentiated "measures. This same feeling will be produced by "equality within you, O "Church, you "bride of "Christ, whenever you see your "members being "equal. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.36; Royal, 2.16. SOURCES: BASILIKON, D: lib. 2: pag. 41. Paritie the mother of confusion, and enimie to unitie which is the mother of Order, et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

31

Rawl, 2.14

LATIN MOTTO: Quo non se ' pronpit iste, vel Eo magis °superbit The less it "puts itself forward, the more it "prides itself PICTURE: A wide-brimmed 'hat placed over a plumed "helmet. EPIGRAM: "Cristatam velent °galeam quae °pilea °fastus, Insulsos referunt Cathare nigra tuos: Mentita quales durus "pietate "cucullus, Intus, "Alexandri, nee °diadema tegat. In eundem Epigramma. ° Thure, °manu, °voto, cum ludas dispare "Christum, Nee patiere tumens aemula "regna tuis. "Christe °aulas "regum perfricta fronte nee intras (Aut fallor) hi vel limina celsa "poli. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The dark °hat which would cover the "plume of the "helmet betokens your foolish "pride, O "Puritan; such arrogance your "hat, stiff with false "piety, hides inside as would not be found even beneath the "crown of "Alexander. An epigram against the same: While you mock "Christ with your disharmonious "frankincense, "gestures, and "prayers, you will not, in your puffed out condition, admit a "rule that rivals yours. "Christ, you do not enter the "courts of "kings with impudent face unless I am mistaken - nor will they [the Puritans] enter the lofty thresholds of "heaven. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.19; Royal, 2.20; Minerva Britanna, 171. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 2 page. 41. Take heed therefore (my Sonne) to such Puritanes, very pestes in the Church, & common weale, whom no desertes can oblige neither oathes or promises bind, breathing nothing but Sedition and Calumnies, aspiring without measure, et c.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Raw!, 2.15

LATIN MOTTO: "Nescia ferre du Not 'knowing how to bear two PICTURE: A "hand holding a "sceptre at the tip of which is the "sun.

EPIGRAM: Xia °so Non tulit occiduo "HoAuaQ Ista duos ne sit prodigiosa tibi; "Graecia quam sensit: °Persaeq[ue] obducta "cicatrix, Vulneribus nondum est, summe "Quirine tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °sky has not borne two setting °suns so that you might not be shocked by °polyarchy. °Greece experienced this state, and so did "Persia, covered all over with "scars, but, O Greatest "Romulus, it has not as yet inflicted wounds on you. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.20; Royal, 2.17; Minerva Britanna, 105. SOURCES: Homer [Iliad 2.204]: BASIL: D: lib. 2. pag. 43. Yee shall not onely bannish there conceited parity, whereof I have spoken and there other imaginary groundes, which which [sic] can neither stand with the order of ye Church, nor the peace of a common weale and wel ruled Monarchy et c.

Basil ikon Doron (MS Rawl)

33

Rawl, 2.16

LATIN MOTTO: Etiam °hosti servanda "fides "Faith is to be kept, even with your "enemy PICTURE: Two "hands engaged in a "handshake. Hangin from the hands is a "document with "seals. EPIGRAM: Vel °pacem cupias, odisti aut irrita °pacta, "Foedera stent aliis intemerata tua: Ingens crede °nefas, °hostiles fallere dextras, Quod °poenas meruit "vindice saepe "Deo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Whether you desire "peace or hate ineffective "agreements, let your "agreem with others stand inviolate. Believe it to be an enormous "sin to betray the right hands of your "enemies, for this, with °God as frequent "avenger, deserves "punishment. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.22; Royal, 2.24; Minerva Britanna, 135. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 2. pag: 56. Use all other princes as your Bretheren, honestly and kindly keepe precisely your promise with them although to your hurt:

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.17

LATIN MOTTO: °Spes sola superest °Hope alone remains PICTURE: A °lance (°spear) from the end of which hangs a "purse ("wallet). EPIGRAM: Cuia siem quaeris sinuatam flamine molli Quam vacuam attollit °lancea °pera levis Me "Pellaee tenes animose, "Macedonis °hastam °Spes alit: evincas prodigus aeris eris. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You ask where I am from, a light "wallet, empty and swaying in a light breeze and raised by a °lance. You are holding me, O spirited youth of "Pella ("Alexander the Great) and "hope nurtures the "Macedonian's spear. Should you be victorious, you will be liberal with coin. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.23; Royal, 2.26; Minerva Britanna. 53. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 2. page. 59. Bee homely with your souldiers, as your companions, for winning their hartes, and extremely liberal, for then is no time of sparing. COMMENTS: In Minerva Britanna, Peacham recounts that before Alexander advanced into battle, he would first give away anything in his purse. Then he would have the empty purse carried on a lance throughout the camp so that his soldiers could see it (53). In this emblem, Alexander is presented as a model of royal liberality.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

35

Rawl, 2.18

LATIN MOTTO: "Virtutis Laus in °actione The glory of °virtue lies in °action PICTURE: A vertical unsheathed °sword, the hilt of which rests upon an open °book. Towards the end of the blade of the sword are tied two branches of °palm. EPIGRAM: [No epigram] REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.24; Royal, 2.27; Minerva Britanna, 54. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 2. page. 61. For it is not enough that yee have and retaine (as prisoners) within your self never so many good qualities and Virtues except yee imploy them, and set them on work; for the weale of them that are committed to your charge: Virtutis enim laus. et c.

36

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books 1

Rawl, 2.19

ITALIAN MOTTO: "Amore e li prezzo d'amore °Love and the price of love PICTURE: A tall °rock beside the °sea. On top of the rock is a "windmill. Two "birds ("kingfishers) fly close to the rock. To the right on the water is a "ship. EPIGRAM: °Coniugii °Ceyce suo dat pignora certi, Aequoreis volitans rupibus "Alcyone: Sive "fidem, aut °curam navigantis prolis in "undis, Intemerata velis "foedera sive °tori. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: "Alcyone, fluttering around the seashore rocks, gives pledges to her "Ceyx of their indissoluble "marriage. Whether you mean "faithfulness, or the "care for offspring tossed about amidst the "waves, or the unblemished "bond of their "marriage-bed, [it is there]. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.27; Royal, 2.19; Minerva Britanna, 92. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib 2 pag 76 Bee not ashamed then to keepe your body cleane which is the temple of the holy spirit, notwithstanding all vaine allurements to the contrary, et c. COMMENTS: Alcyone, daughter of Aeolus, jumped into the sea on seeing her husband, Ceyx, drowned. Both were changed into kingfishers. The two birds were commonly understood to typify marital fidelity.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

37

Rawl, 2.20

LATIN MOTTO: Nostro "elucescis "damno To our "loss, you "shine forth PICTURE: A "hand at left holding a "flint and another at right holding a "steel. They are struck together and produce "sparks which fall into a "tinderbox upon a table. EPIGRAM: "Ictibus ut mutius excercent saeva "duella, Dura "silex, una vulnificusq[ue] °chalybs: ''Scintillas tenues °pixis, sic dextra "clientum "luridici captat (dum litigatur) "opes. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: How, with reciprocal "blows, they wage fierce "wars [with one another], the hard "flintstone and the wound-inflicting "steel. A "tinderbox [catches] the light "sparks; so also the "lawyer's hand, while the case is fought, catches his "client's "wealth. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.28; Royal, 2.33; Minerva Britanna, 103. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib 2 pag: 90. Assure your self the longsomnes both of rightes, and processes, breedeth there unsure loosenes and obscuritie: the shortest being ever both the surest and plainest forme and the longsomnes serving onely for the enritching of the Advocates, and Clerkes, with the spoile of the whole Cuntry.

38

Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.21

LATIN MOTTO: Quia video "statum "humanum Because I see the "human ''condition PICTURE: The "Wheel of "Fortune, with four "crowns, one on each side, one at the top, and one at the bottom. EPIGRAM: [No epigram] REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.30; Royal, 2.34; Minerva Britanna, 76. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib 2 pag: 93, [and] Ezech[iel] l.[15.] Such is the continuall volubilitie of thinges earthly according to the roundnes of the world, and revolution of the Heavenly Circles: which is expressed by the wheeles in Ezechiels visions counterfaited by the poets in Rota fortunae. COMMENTS: The four crowns in the picture allude to the four kings whom Sesostris compelled to draw his chariot. As the epigram of the version in Minerva Britanna makes clear, the wheel is that of Fortune, which one of the kings was reminded of when he looked at the chariot wheel and remembered his own changed state.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

39

Rawl, 2.22

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: A "scholar, holding a "wand in his right hand, holds up a "quadrant with his left hand. EPIGRAM: "Sydera quid lustras fatuae tarn proditor "artis, Immineant capiti et tanta °pericla tuo? "Effugis incassum, nee "votis °Iupiter adsit, Cum petit °hostilis, tune tua terga manus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why do you scan the "stars, O practitioner of such a foolish "art, while such great "dangers hang over your head? You "flee in vain, and "Jupiter may not be propitious to your "prayers at that time when an "enemy force pursues you from behind. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.31; Royal, 2.35. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON. lib. 2. pag: 94. As for the studie of other liberal artes and Sciences I would have you reasonably versed in them, but not pressing to bee a passe maister in any of them: for yt cannot but distract you from the pointes of your calling as I shewed you before, and when by the enimie winning ye Towne, yee shalbee interrupted in your demonstration as Archimedes was; your people I think will looke very bluntly upon it. et c.

40

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.23

LATIN MOTTO: "Affectus "domandi A "disposition for "subduing PICTURE: A "lion rampant with a "crown on its head. its left front paw it holds a "bridle and "bit. EPIGRAM: Maxime °Germanos potuisti "subdere "Caesar, Flectere °Sauromatum et, colla superba iugo: Verius at vincis, tua cum °vindicta lacessit "Pectora: cum potes hanc, sumere nolle tamen. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You were able to "subdue the "Germans, O Great "Caesar, and to bend the necks of the °Sarmatians to your yoke. But you conquer more truly whenever your [desire] for "vengeance stirs up your "heart if, though you are able to extract this [punishment], still you are unwilling to do so. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.32; Royal, 2.36; Minerva Britanna, 82. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 2. pag. 95. Embrace true Magnanimitie, not in being vindictive, which the corrupted ludgementes of the world thinkes to bee true Magnanimity: but by the contrary, in thinking your offender not woithie of your wrath, empeyring over your owne passion, And tryumphing in the commaunding your self to forgive: husbanding the effectes of your courage et c. COMMENTS: The rampant lion may be intended to allude to the heraldic lion of Scotland.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

41

Rawl, 2.24

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: A °stag. An "arrow has pierced its neck. In its mouth it holds a sprig of °oak with two °acorns. EPIGRAM: Acta per et °laqueos et per °discrimina mille Sic °pereo °vitam dum °genetricis °alo: Qui praedis inhias haeres, °opibusq[ue], °paterno et °Oedipe vos pudeat tincte °cruore manus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Driven through a thousand "snares and "perils, I °perish here while I "nourish my "parent's "life. You who gape at your prey and linger over your "wealth, and you, O "Oedipus, stained with your "father's "blood, may you be ashamed of [your wicked] hands. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.33; Royal, 2.37. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib 2. pag. 96. Honour your mother: set Beersheba in a throne on your right hand: offend her for nothing, much lesse wrong her. et c. et deinceps. Honour your parentes for the lengthning of your owne daies As God in his law promiseth. COMMENTS: The picture is somewhat puzzling. Possibly, the plant in the stag's mouth is not a sprig of oak with acorns. Dittany is the traditional plant associated with the wounded stag since it supposedly had the power to expel weapons such as arrows that had pierced the body.

42

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 2.25

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: A man (°Atlas) with the °world upon his shoulders. Above is the inscription: '°Atlas' EPIGRAM: Grandaevus °coelum tergo dum sustinet °Atlas, Sub pedibus calcat, °marmoreumq[ue] °cubum: Quanta sit innuitur °Regi °constantia virtus, Qui subit °Atlantis, (terrifer alter) °onus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The aged "Atlas, while he supports the °sky on his back, also treads upon a "marble °cube under his feet. [Thereby] it is signified how great a virtue "steadfastness ("constancy) is for a "king who, as another earth-bearer, shoulders "Atlas's "burden. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.34; Royal, 2.38. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON. lib. 2. page. 97. Keepe true Constancie, not onely in your kindnes towards honest men; but being also (invicti animi) against all adversities.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

43

Rawl, 2.26

LATIN MOTTO: "Premio et "poena With "reward and "punishment PICTURE: A "hand from a "cloud holds an unsheathed °sword. A "wreath of "palm encircles the blade of the sword. EPIGRAM: Terrarum dominos, victricis munere °palmae, Quae solet illustres tollere ad usqfue] °Deos; °Sanguine foedatus, transmittit °Martius °ensis, Ut rata °sceptra darent °praemia °poena tibi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "sword of "Mars, stained with "blood, raises up the masters of the w through the ceremonies of the victor's "palm which lifts them in glory up to the "gods, so that "reward or "punishment may bestow an assured "sceptre on you. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.30; Minerva Britanna, 43. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 2. pag: 71. Pay them as all other your subiectes, with praemium or poena, as they deserve; which is the very ground-stone of good government. COMMENTS: The phrase in the epigram 'terrarum dominos' is probably an echo from Horace's Odes 1.1.6: '... palma nobilis terrarum dominos evenit ad deos.'

44

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

*f

Rawl, 3.1

LATIN MOTTO: Non "honos sed "onus Not an "honour, but a "burden PICTURE: A "crown, upon which sits a "lion with a crown on its head. In its right paw the lion holds a vertical unsheathed "sword. In its left paw the lion holds a "sceptre.

EPIGRAM: Hie "radio "coelum scrutetur et "Entheus "astra, "Musa ilium doceat blanda movere °sonis: "Ars tua sit gentem °sceptro moderare "Britannam, Indere °froena °malis, atq[ue] favere "bonis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let this person search out the °sky with his "measuring-rod, let the "prophet search out the °stars, and let the smooth-tongued "Muse teach another person to persuade with the "voice. But let it be your "skill ("art) to rule the °British nation with your "sceptre, to place "bridles on "evil men, and to favour "good men. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Harl, 2.5; Partial Duplicate Royal, 3.16; Minerva Britcmna, 107. SOURCES: In epistola ad Principem. [In left margin beside motto] BASILIKON DORON lib 2 pag: 88. But above all virtues study well your owne craft, which is to rule your people. And when I say this I bid you know all craftes.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

45

Rawl, 3.2

LATIN MOTTO: Nee "invidis nee °ignavis Neither for the °envious nor for the "slothful PICTURE: At top the °sun shining down upon a "thistle. There are several °bees on the flowers of the thistle. Also visible are three "butterflies and several other insects which may be bees or "wasps.

EPIGRAM: Candide cum spires rorantia "cardue "mella, Stemmate quae summo sedula carpit °apes: Sudantem (ut cernas) turbam modo "vespa lacessit Invida, et infestat stridula "papilio. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Bright "thistle, while you exhale the dripping "honey which the industrious "bee gathers at the top of your chaplet, just now - so that you may see - an envious °wasp attacks the liquid-bearing throng and the flapping "butterfly also makes its assault.

SOURCES: [No sources given] REFERENCE: Minerva Britanna, 50.

46

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 3.3

GREEK MOTTO: There is great "refreshment in an °asphodel. PICTURE: A bunch of "asphodels, showing roots and flowers. They are held together by a cord. EPIGRAM: Quae fuerant priscis olim "bellaria seclis In pretio, °fascis cernis ut unus habet °Grus nondum metuit, laqueisqfue] °ciconna nostris Aduena; nee pullis °Retia tensa tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "dishes of a long time ago which were once precious to generations of old were contained, as you see, in one "bundle. The "crane was not as yet afraid and the "stork was a stranger to our snares, and "nets were not stretched [to catch] your young. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.1; Royal, 3.1. SOURCES: Hesiod: lib 1

[In margin to right of Greek motto]

BASILIKON DORON lib: 3 pag. 106. Let all your food bee simple, without composition or sauces; which are more like medicines then meate et c. And use most to eate of reasonable-grosse, and common meates, aswel for making your body strong and durable for travel at all occasions, either in peace, or warre, as that yee may bee the hartilier received, by your meane subiectes in their houses, when their cheere may suffice you.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

47

Rawl, 3.4

LATIN MOTTO: °Consilia °principum non divulganda "Princes' °counsels (°advice) must not be revealed PICTURE: A °bird with a °key in its beak. EPIGRAM: °Flammivomam °anfractus °Lycii q[u]am °Roma °Chymaeram Detinuere potens °arma fuere tibi: "Bellica ne temere quisquam °secreta recludat, °Claviger hoc moneant quod tibi noster °Otis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: How the °Lycian "circumlocutions held back the °Chimera, O powerful °Rome! They were a °weapon for you. Let no one rashly reveal "secrets of "war - may they warn against this just as our "key-bearing "bustard does for you. REFERENCE: See Harl, 3.5; Minerva Britanna, 38. SOURCES: Vide Alciati Emblfemata (Antwerp 1577), no 14]: [Opposite epigram in left margin] BASIL: DORON. lib 3 pag: 109. Let them that have the credit to serve in your chalmer bee trusty and secret; for a King will have need to use secrecy in many thinges: et c. COMMENTS: 'q[u]am' in line one of the epigram does not work grammatically as a relative pronoun; so, it has been taken as the exclamatory 'quam' ('how!'). Even then, the syntax is a bit questionable, although grammatically it works. 'Anfractus' meaning 'turnings or windings' is perhaps best translated as 'circumlocutions', although 'anfractus Lycii' is an echo If 'Lyciae sortes' ('Lycian oracles', i.e., The oracles of Apollo') in Vergil, Aeniad, 4.346 and 4.377, where Aeneas tells Did, and this is sarcastically repeated by her, that it is the oracles of Apollo that command him to travel onwards in order to settle in Italy. Apollo had a large shrine, famous for its oracles, in Lycia, Asia Minor. In Book 6, Aeneas, guided by the Sibyl of Cumae, who is a seer and prophetess inspired by Apollo, traverses the underworld. Before the entrance hall of Hades, he encounters a number of terrifying apparitions of monster and destructive forces, including 'flammisque armata Chimera' (6.288), and he would have rushed upon them with his sword had not the Sibyl old him that these were only harmless phantoms.

48

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Rawl, 3.5

MOTTO: [No motto]

PICTURE: "Philoxenus. He has a long °neck like that of a °crane. In his right hand he holds the °leg of a bird, and in his left hand he holds a spit, on which is impaled the carcase of a °bird. EPIGRAM: Longam °cervicem, longumq[ue] °Philoxenus optat °Guttur: non addi °rumina longa decet? Sic tarde mandet, male °concoctumq[ue] remandet, Sic nulla possit parte carere °ferae. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Philoxenus wishes to have a long °neck and a long °throat. Would it not be fitting for long °gullets to be added? In this way, he will chew slowly and re-chew his ill-digested °meal; thus, he could not be lacking in anything belonging to a wild "beast. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.2; Royal, 3.2. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 3. pag: 107. The Romanes abhorring Apicius their own citizen, for his Vice of delicacie and monstrous gluttonie. Like as both the Grecians and Romanes, had in detestation the very name of Philoxenus, for his filthy wish of a Crane-craig. COMMENTS: The epigram is in a different hand from the remainder of the manuscript and is signed 'G.B.'

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

49

Rawl, 3.6

LATIN MOTTO: Mediis "abstemius "undis "Sober in the midst of "streams PICTURE: A "rock out of which gushes a "stream. On top of the rock grows a "grapevine. EPIGRAM: Quos vitiasse ferunt °Latices "Amithaone natum, "Bacche °coma cingis, luxuriante tua: "Vina fugit "fons hie, madidos oditq[ue] °racemos, Pendula te fugiat tutior °uva sapis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "streams which they say were polluted by the son of "Amithaon, you, O "Bacchus, pour over your luxuriant °hair. [But] this "spring shuns "wine and hates the intoxicating bunches of "grapes. Should the hanging °grapevine shun you, you [will] taste in greater safety. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.3; Royal, 3.3. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON. lib 3 pag 107. But beware with using excesse of meat and drinke, and cheifly beware of drunkennes, which is a beastly vice namely in a king: but especially bee warr with it because it is one of those vices that increased! with age. COMMENTS: The epigram refers to Ovid (Met. 15.322ff). The son of Amithaon is Melampus, the soothsayer and prophet who healed the demented daughters of Proetus.

50

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 3.7

LATIN MOTTO: "Somniorum °spes sic evanida In like manner, the "hope of "dreams is fragile PICTURE: A naked °boy. In his right hand he holds a °pipe from which he blows "bubbles. In his left hand he holds a "flower. To the left is the "ruin of a building. EPIGRAM: Ut °puer inflatas "bullas miretur et illis, °Effigiem aut "Silvas, credat inesse suam: Haud puero ablimilis, quern vana "insomnia fallant, Et bullis ditet crastina lusa dies. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A "boy may marvel at the "bubbles he has blown and believe his "likeness or "trees to be present in them. Not unlike a boy is he who would be beguiled by meaningless "dreams and whom tomorrow's deluded day would enrich with bubbles. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.6; Royal, 3.5; Minerva Britanna, 151. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON: lib. 3. pag: 109: Take no heed to any of your dreames; for all prophecies visions and Prophetick dreames are accomplished and ceased in Christ.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

51

Rawl, 3.8

LATIN MOTTO: "Salomone °pulchrior ipso More "beautiful than "Solomon himself PICTURE: A disembodied "hand in the air holding a "lily. Below at right is a "city in the distance. EPIGRAM: Murice non °Tyrio tinctus tibi mollis "amictus, Munera "Phoenicum nee mutuata tibi: Attamen ipsa tibi cedunt vel coccina °Regum, °Vita oculi °candor, °virgineumq[ue] decus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You do not have a soft "garment dipped in "Tyrian dye, and you have not borrowed for yourself "Phoenician display; still, even the "royal purple itself yields to you, who are "life, the eye's "brightness, and a °virginal beauty. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.7; Royal, 3.6; Minerva Britanna, 116. SOURCES: Bee also moderate in your rayment neither over superfluous like a deboshed waister; nor yet over base, like a miserable wretch; or artificially trimmed and decked like a Courtizane nor yet over sluggishly cloathed like a Cuntry clowne. et c. Isocrates [Epistula] ad Daem[onie 1.27]: COMMENTS: The lily was traditionally associated with purity and virginity. Cf Matt. 6:28-9 and Luke 12:29.

52

Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl, 3.9

LATIN MOTTO: "Scripta non temere edenda "Writings not to be published rashly PICTURE: A "tortoise, above which is a °pen.

EPIGRAM: "Passibus exiguis gradieris tutius, atq[ue] "Fontibus ex variis, purior °unda venit: Adsit °lima tuis (et habent sua fata) "libellis, Et calcat tristes posthuma °fama rogos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You will walk more safely with small °steps, and cleaner "water comes from manifold °springs. Let the °file be applied to your "books, for they, too, have their own fates; and posthumous "fame tramples upon mournful funeral pyres. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.8; Royal, 3.7; Minerva Britanna, 57. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 3, pag. 118. And because your writes [sic] will remaine as true pictures of your mind to all posterities; let them bee free of all uncomeliness and unhonesty; and according to Horace his Counsel Nonumqfue] premantur in annum. I meane both your verse and your prose; letting first that furie and heate wherewith they were written, coole at leasure; and then as an uncouth Judge and censor, reuising them over againe, before they bee published, quia nescit vox missa reverti. De arte poetica. [In left margin beside first Latin quotation]

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

53

Rawl, 3.10

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: A "knight in full °armour upon a °horse. EPIGRAM: [No epigram] REFERENCE: See Royal, 3.8; Minerva Britanna, 17. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 3. pag 121. And the honourablest and most commendable games that yee can use, are on horseback: for it becommeth a Prince best of any man to bee a good horse-man. Use therefore to ride and danton great horses; that I may saie of you as Phillip said of great Alexander his sonne, MaxeSovia ou 6e %u>Qei et c.

54

Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books Rawl. 3.11

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: At left a "stag, and at centre a wild °pig. From the branches of a tree at right, a winged "cupid shoots an "arrow at the pig.

EPIGPRAM Exosos 'Veneri 'Lepores mirare fugaces Silvestres cervos, setigerrumq[UE] GENUS:

Exanimis cecidit vel quod cynareius heros, Aut his quod non sit, lusibus aptus "amor.

TRASLATION OF EPIGRAM:Why are you amazed that the fleeing hares .the woodland"deer, and the bristly breed ["pigs] are hated by "Venus? [This is so] either because the "Cynareian hero ["Adonis] fell dead or because "Love is not equipped for this game. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.9; Royal, 3.9; Minerva Brittinna, 169. SOURCES: Adonis [In left margin adjacent to 'Cynareius heros'] BASILIKON DORON lib: 3. 121.1 cannot omit heere the hunting namely with running houndes, which is the most honorablest and noblest sort thereof for it is a theevish forme of hunting to shoote with Gunnes and bowes; and greyhound hunting is not so Martial a game, et c. COMMENTS: King James I was particularly fond of h u n t i n g .

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

55

Rawl, 3.12

MOTTO: [No motto] PICTURE: A °tree [°frankincense]. EPIGRAM: Nectareos °succus reddas cur membra per ima, Et sine °fruge caput, die age °Leucothoe: Ingenuas °artes digitis qui perdit alumnus, °Musarum, vere °nectare spargit humum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why do you produce fragrant "sap from your lowest branches while your crown is without °fruit? Come, tell us, "Leucothoe. The pupil of the "Muses who wastes the noble "arts with his fingers, truly sprinkles the earth with °fragrance. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.11; Royal, 3.12. SOURCES: BAS: DORON Lib: 3 pag 127. Delight not also to bee in your owne person a plaier upon instruments; especially on such as commonly men win their living with nor yet to bee fine of any mechanic craft: Leur esprit s'en fuit au bout des doights: saith Du Bartas. [La Semaine, 1] COMMENTS: Leucothoe, who was made pregnant by Apollo, was buried alive by her angry father. Apollo then turned her into a frankincense bush.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Rawl, 3.13

LATIN MOTTO: "delibandae molliter "voluptates °Pleasures are to be "tasted carefully PICTURE: A "ring into which is set a pointed "gem (°pyrite). A "hand extends from above, the index "finger of which touches the point of the gem. EPIGRAM: Non nocet attingas °digito leviore "Pyriten, Sin totum prendas, uritur ipsa "manus: Sperne "voluptates, vel summo "pollice tange, Sumpseris aut hoc quod "mellis amaror erit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: It does not harm if you touch a "pyrite stone with a light [brush of your] "finger, but if you grasp it whole, your very "hand will be burned. Spurn "pleasures, or simply touch them with the tip of your "thumb, or else you will be punished by what will be bitterness in the "mead. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 3.10; Minerva Britanna, 95. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON lib. 3. pag 108. Not using your self therefore to over great softnes and delicacie in your sleepe more then in your meate and especially in case yee have to do w[i]th the warres. pag: 127 And chiefly abstaine from haunting before your marriage the idle companie of dames, et c.

COMMENTS: Pyrite, iron sulphide in modern usage, is probably in Peacham's mind an unidentified gem, black in colour, which can burn one's hand (see Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 37. 189). At foot of emblem is the word 'FINIS' which has been crossed out.

Basilikon Doron (MS Rawl)

51

Rawl, 3.14

LATIN MOTTO: "Insipidi hinc nih [Let] nothing "unsavoury [be] here PICTURE: A "table which appears to be set in readiness for a meal. At the centre is an elaborate device, a °salt, on top of which is the sculpture of a "bird. EPIGRAM: Quae deceant °mensa lepidis asperge "fabellis, Sit facilisq[ue] °lepos et sine dente sales: Non aliena "fides propria sit vilior; haec cum Aut cadit, aut crescit °vulnere laesa suo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Sprinkle the "table with charming "stories which are becoming. Let there be e "charm, and [may there be] pungency [in your talk] without [harsh] teeth. Let another's "trust not be cheaper than your own, since that trust either perishes or grows when hurt by a "wound of its own making. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 3.4; Royal, 3.4; Minerva Britanna, 59. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON: lib. 3. pag. 107 & 108. It is no waies comely to dispatch affaires, or to bee pensive at meate: but keep then an open and cheerful Countenance causing to read pleasaunt histories unto you that profit may bee mixed with pleasure: and when yee are not disposed entertaine pleasaunt quick, but honest discourses et c.

FINIS

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Basilikon Doron (MS Harleian 6855, Art 13)

60

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 1.1

LATIN MOTTO: Nisi "Desuper Only from °above PICTURE: A right °hand extends downwards from °clouds and holds a double °chain that supports a °crown. EPIGRAM: °Nubibus en duplici vinctum °diadema "catena, Quod procul a nostro sustinet °orbe °manus: Dextra °Iacobe °Dei te compede nectit eadem Quern °Regem °imperio fecit et esse virum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Behold, in the "clouds [appears] a "crown bound by a double "chain: and a "hand holds it aloft far from our "world. The right hand of "God, Oh [King] "James, binds you with the same "fetter, and he made you a °king and a man with "authority. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.1; Royal, 1.1; Minerva Britanna, 1. SOURCES: Bas: Doron lib. 1, pag: 2 Therefore my sonne first of all things learne to know and love that God whome to yee have a double obligation; first for that hee made you a man, next for that hee made you a little God to sit on his throne and rule over other men. Cicero, Philip[picae]. 8.[29] Magnum est personam in republ: tueri principis, qui non animi solum debet, sed oculis inservire civium.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

61

Harl, 1.2

LATIN MOTTO: Te duce With you as leader PICTURE: Upon the ground a °net, into which walks a line of "birds. A "fowler observes from behind a tree at right. EPIGRAM: Dum tua qua ducis legimus vestigia passim, Alma "parens, capimur praeda misella "plagis; Proh dolor, innocuos quam multos perdis, ab uno Te, modo diductum °principe °crimen erit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: While we follow your footsteps, nurturing "parent, far and wide wherever you lead, we are caught as a wretched prey in the °net. Oh what sorrow, how many innocent people you destroy; because of just you alone as leader, °wrong will spread. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Royal, 1.2; Minerva Britanna, 85. SOURCES: [Xenophon, MEMORABILIA 1.3.5.] Inetire se solet et pullos suos perdix. [In left margin above epigram] B AS: DORON lib.i, pag. 2 . Think not therefore that the highnes of your dignity diminished! your faults (much lesse giveth you a licence to sinne) but by the contrary, your fault shal bee aggravated] according to the height of your dignity; any sinne that yee commit, not being a single sinne procuring but the fall of one but being an exemplare sinne, and therefore drawing with it the whole multitude to be guilty of ye same. Livius lib. 4[.66.21] in panegyr[icus]: Nunquam deceptus est princeps nisi qui prius ipse deceperit. Xenophon in Oeconomficus 4.19]:

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Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 1.3

LATIN MOTTO: Initium "Sapientiae The beginning of'wisdom PICTURE: A "book (°Bible), upon which is a vertical unsheathed "sword, pointing skywards. Around the blade is coiled a "snake. EPIGRAM: Squammiger in gyros "gladio se colligit "anguis Naturam signans, O °Politia tuam; At tibi fisa cadis circundata mille "periclis Haec nisi sustenient "Biblia sacra °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The scaly "snake, signifying your nature, Oh "Body Politic, gathers itself into a coil around the "sword; but, if you rely on yourself, you will fall, surrounded by a thousand "perils, unless these holy "books of "God support you. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Rawl, 1.3. Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.3; Minerva Britanna, 2. SOURCES: [BAS: DOR:] Therefore my sonne first of all things learne to know and love that God, who to yee have a double obligation, first for that hee made you a man, next fo[r] that hee made you a little God, to sit on his throne and rule over other men. ut an tea. BAS: DOR: lib. 1. pag. 3. Remember also that by the right knowledge and feare of God (which is ye beginning of wisedome as Salomon saith) yee shall know all the thinges Necessary for ye discharge of your duty, both as a Christian and as a king seing in him as in a mirrour, the course of all earthly thinges, whereof hee is the spring and onely moover. Lactantius, de ira Dei cap: 21 Timor igitur Dei solus est, qui custodit hominum inter se societatem quem vita ipsa sustinetur, munitur Gubernatur.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

63

Harl, 1 .4

LATIN MOTTO: "Gratiae situla oratio A thirsty pleading for "grace t>¥ f""TTTl>17« A "Un/^lxof ^/->nr.i in l ^ i / °\\7of^.K. rici LJKH,: A bucket m->o./-lo upside down in tU>a tne ° psky. Water f.il rails

down from the bucket towards the earth below. EPIGRAM: Te °prece mille modis adeam, sustentor, °Iesu, Et totidem pereo, ni prece mille modis: Excipis ut gemitus, descendit °gratia °coelo, Et datur his haustis "vita perennis °aquis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let me approach you in "prayer in a thousand ways, oh °Jesus, and I am upheld, and if I do not approach in prayer in a thousand ways, I perish as many times over. As you hear my groans, [your] "Grace descends from °heaven, and °life everlasting is granted from these "waters drunk [by us]. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.4; Minerva Britanna, 68. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib i pag. 4. Now the onely way to bring you to this knowledge, is diligently to reade his word and earnestly to pray for the right understanding thereof et c. psal: 34 [35.13b] Humiliabam in ieiunio animam meam, et oratio mea in smu meo convertetur August[ine]. in psalm: 65: Orationis purae magna est virtus, et velut fidelis nuntius mandatum peragit, et penetrat quo gratia non pervenit. Salust in Catil[ina 52]: Oratio virtutis incunabulum. Horat carm[ina]: lib. 3. ode. 23.[1-8.] Coelo supinas si tuleris manus, Nascente luna, rustica Phidile; Si thure placaris, et horna Fruge, lareis avidaq[ue] porcae: Nee pestilentem sentiet Africum Foecunda vitis, nee sterilem seges; Rubiginem, aut dulces alumni Pomifero grave tempus anno. COMMENTS: The motto is quoted in Rawl, 1.4, where it is attributed to Augustine.

64 64

peachams Peacham JsManuscript Manuscript Emblem Emblem Books Books Hurl, 1.5

LATIN MOTTO: °Cuiq[ue] et "nemini For "everyone and for "nobody PICTURE: A woman ("Faith). Her right elbow rests upon the arm of a "cross. In her right hand she holds a written "text. Her left hand is extended downwards behind her and holds a small object. At the top of the cross is the inscription: 'INRF.

EPIGRAM: °Crux mihi grata °quies, sola et °fiducia, °coelo Me terris lactant °vulnera "Christe tua; Sancta °fides dicor, cunctis mea dogmata pando, Celo sed a tergo °relligionis opus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "cross is my "peace, and my only "trust is in "heaven. Your "wounds, oh "Christ, nourish me on the earth. I am called Holy "Faith, and I reveal my teachings to all, but behind my back I conceal the works of "piety. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.6; Royal, 1.5; Minerva Britanna, 1. SOURCES: BASILIKON DORON: lib. i pag: 5. In twoo degrees standeth the whole service of God by man: interior or upward; exterior or downeward, the first in praier by faith towardes God the next by workes flowing therefra before the world, which is nothing els but the excercise of Religion towardes God, and of equitie towardes your neighbour. Titus. 3.[8b] Curent bonis operibus praesse qui credunt Deo. Bernard in Cantficum] sermon: 24 Mors fides est separatio charitatis. credis in Christum? fac Christi opera ut vivat fides tua.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

65

Harl, 1.6

LATIN MOTTO: "Vulnerat ille °medemur That [sword] "wounds; but we are °healed PICTURE: A vertical unsheathed °sword. To its blade are attached with °muslin two °medicine °bottles. EPIGRAM: "Sindone sanguineus nivea qui cingitur °ensis °Lege °Dei iusta quid mereare docet, "Unguina per °phialam per °lintea °gratia °Christi "Vulnere ne pereas quam redivivus habes. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The bloodied "sword, which is tied with snowy-white °muslin, teaches [you] what you deserve from the just °law of °God. The ointments in the °vial and on the °linens are the "grace of °Christ, which you, on being born again, possess so that you may not perish from the "wound. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Rawl, 1.7; Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.6; Minerva Britanna, 83. SOURCES: [Centred like a title] Scripturae Methodus. BASILIKON DORON lib. i. pag: 7 The whole scripture is compounded of twoo partes the old and the New testament, The ground of the former is the law, which sheweth our sinne and containeth Justice: the ground of the other is christ who pardonning sinne containeth grace. Iacob[i]. 2.[10.] Quicumq[ue] autem tetam legem servaverit offendat autem in uno factus est omnium reus. August[ine]: de verb[is] Apost[oli, unlocated] si levis morbus esset medicus non quereretur, medicus non quaereretur amorbus non finiretur: ideo ubi abundavit peccatum, superabundavit et gratia. Bernard Ser[mones]: 54 super Cant[icum]: gratia balsamum purissimufm] est, et ideo pumm solidum et pro fundum vas requirit.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Had, 1.7

LATIN MOTTO: Prius exue °sordes First, remove °filth PICTURE: A round °basin with °water flowing out from the sides. EPIGRAM: Sacra tuis manibus quicumqfue] °volumina versas. °Sordibus immunis quaere °salutis iter: Quoq[ue] volutaras carnis prius exue coenum, °Consilia aut linguas °sus lutulenta °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Whoever you are, when you take the sacred "scriptures in your hands, be free from "filth as you seek the way of "salvation. In whatever direction you turn [your thoughts], first remove the flesh's foulness, or else you must abandon, mud-stained "pig that you are, the "counsels of °God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 10; Duplicate: Royal, 1.7. SOURCES: Hesiod: [Opera et Dies 724.]

[In left margin beside 'immunis']

BAS: DOR: lib i. pag. 10. When you read the Scripture, read it with a sanctified and chast hart: admire reverently et c. Hiron[ymus]: [Epist.] ad Demeftriadem, 130,] eadem virg: Sint scripturadivinae, semper in manibus, et iugitermente volvantur nee sufficere tibi putes nee sufficere tibi putes mandata Dei memoria Aenere et operibus oblivisci, sed imo ilia coynosce ut facias quicquid dediceris. Cicero i. de leg[ibus, 2.19]: Ad divus adeunto caste, pietatem tenento, opes amovento, si quis secus fecerit Deus ipse vindex esto.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

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Harl, 1.8

LATIN MOTTO: °Psalmi °Davidici The °Psalms of °David PICTURE: A °key-ring with eight °keys. EPIGRAM: °Clavibus innexis °hymnos °Hilarius aptat, °Iessai cecinit quos pia °musa °senis, Et vere, innumeros aditus hi quippe recludant Mens quibus aetherei pulsat Asyla °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Hilary compares to a set of °keys the °hymns which the godly °muse of the °old man, °Jesse, sang. And, truly, may these hymns indeed unlock the countless approaches by which the mind knocks at the sanctuary of the heavenly °God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 1.9; Minerva Britanna, 9; Duplicate: Royal, 1.9. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib i. pag 11. As for teaching you the forme of your praiers the psalmes of David are the meetest schoolemaister that yee can bee acquianted withall (Next the praier of our Saviour which is the onely rule of praier) Whereout of as of most rich and pure fountaines yee may learne all forms of praier necessary for your comfort at all occasions, et c. Cassiodor[us]: in psalm: confitebor pulchre definitum est psalmos esse vasa veritatis, et quasi spiritualia dolia vinum Domini incorrupto sapore servantia. Copiosissimo et de psalmorum varia naturae et usa Athanasius [Epistual ad Marcellinum de interpreta Psalmorum, 1 ] in tractat quodam.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 1.9

LATIN MOTTO: Eo magis °caligat It [the mind] is °darker than that [the sun] PICTURE: At top centre, the °sun. Below are two crossed °lances, each with a °flame at the tip. EPIGRAM: Praepete quid tentas humana °scientia penna Noscere sublimis °XQU7TTa negata °Dei; Namq[ue] tibi quantum concessit acumine °brutum Vel tantum yvcSaei cedis et ipsa Deo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: What, human knowledge, do you aim at on swift wings, having been denied to know the secrets of °God on high? For indeed, as much as °brutes yield to you in sharpness [of understanding], you yourself are inferior in understanding to °God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.8; Minerva Britanna, 109. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. 1. pag. 10. Preasse not curiously to seeke out farther (in ye scripture) then is contained therein for that were over an unmannerly a presumption to strive to bee further upon Gods secrets then hee hath will yee bee. et c: Lactant[ius]: divin[ae] institutfiones] advers[us] gentfium]: lib 2 cap 3 Eassum intelligere, est quidem sapientiae, sed humanae, ultra gradum hunc ab homine procedi non potest. 2 Cor: 3[.19] Sapientia huius mundi stultitia apud Deum.

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Harl, 1.10

LATIN MOTTO: "Piorum "luctuosa vita The ''sorrowing life of the °godly PICTURE: A °dove perched in a solitary tree. EPIGRAM: Multiplici alituum resonent dum gutture °silvae, Triste gemens solus °turtur °opaca petit, Mens °pia secessus quaerit, pertaesa catervam, Obstrepit et semper garrula °turba °bonis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: While the °forests resound from the manifold throats of birds, the solitary °turtle-dove, sadly crying, looks for the °shady places. The °godly mind seeks out retreats, wearied of the crowds, but the babbling °throng always disturbs the °good. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.10; Royal, 1.10; Minerva Britanna, 110. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. i. pag. 12 Use often to pray when yee are quietest, especially forget it not in your bed howsoever yee do it at other times: for publique praier serveth as much for example as for any particular comfort to the supplicant. Math: 6[.6a] Tu cum oraveris intra in cubiculum tuum, et clause ostio ora patrem tuum in abscondito et c. Arist[otle]: polit[ica]: lib i[.l-12] Homo solitaris aut Angelus aut bestia. Seneca in Hyppolyto [483-5] Non alia magis est libera, vitio carens Ritusqfue] melius vita quae priscos colat Quam quae relictis moenibus silvas amat.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 1.11

LATIN MOTTO: °Spe contra nitente °Hope struggling against [adversity] PICTURE: A °tree without °leaves. Heavy °rain is falling from above. EPIGRAM: Hei licet adversae lacerant mihi °membra °procellae Et °Boreas saevis faucibus usq[ue] fremat Haec mea qua maceror °nymbos °patientia vincet, °Nubibus et pulsis tempora °veris erunt. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Ah, though hostile °blasts tear my °limbs and the °North-Wind ever roars with a savage throat, this °endurance of mine, whereby I am made lean, will overcome the °storms, and when the clouds have been driven away, it will be °springtime. REFERENCE: Duplicates: Rawl, 1.12; Royal, 1.11. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. i. pag. 14 Learne in time so to interpret all the adversities that God shall send you, so shall yee in the middest of them not onely bee armed with patience, but joyfully lift up your eies from ye present trouble to the happie end that God will turne it to And when yee find it once so fall out by proofe arme your self with the experience thereof against ye next trouble assuring yur self though you cannot in time of the shower see thorough the cloud yet in the end shall you find God sent it for your weale, as yee found in the former. Rom[anos]: 5[.3-5] Tribulatio patientiam operatur patientiaautem probationem, probatio vero spem, spes autem non confundit. Ambrose lib de Morte Satyri.[2.22] Quid in haec vita non experitur adversi? Quas non procellas tern: pestatesq[ue] perpetimur? quibus non exagitamur incomodis et c. Isidor[e] de summo bono lib. 3. Discat non murmurare qui patitur etiamsi ignorat cur patiatur per hoc quisq[ue] se iuste pad arbitretur, quia ab illo judicatur, cuius nunquia injustajudicia sunt:

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

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Harl, 1.12

LATIN MOTTO: Cui °candor °morte redemptus One whose dazzling "whiteness is bought at the cost of °death PICTURE: An °ermin. EPIGRAM: Nomen ab °Armeniis qui ducis °musculae (silvis) Praeda °canum potius quam maculere venis Quo °Tyrio vincens °heroas °murice tinctos Et quibus est nee °mens °candida, °fama, °fides; TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You who derive your name as a °rodent from the °Armenian woods would become the prey of °dogs than be soiled, and so you surpass °heroes stained with °Tyrian "purple and those whose Understanding, °reputation, or "faith is not dazzling "white. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.13; Royal, 1.13; Minerva Britanna, 75. SOURCES: Mus Armenius. An Ermyn. [Note in left margin beside epigram] BAS: DOR: lib. 1. pag 15. Above all then my sonne labour to keepe sound this conscience which many prattle of but overfew feele especially bee carefull to keep it from twoo diseases et c. [2] Corinth[ios]: [1.12] Gloria nostra haec est testimonium conscientiae nostrae, quod in simplicitate cordis, & sinceritate Dei & non in sapientia carnali sed in Gratia Dei conversati sumus in hoc mundo. Plutarch de animi tranquillitate [476F]. Cicero pro Milone. [23] Magnam vim habet conscientia in utramq[ue] pattern ut semper poenam ante oculos versari portent qui peccaverint; ut nihil timeant[?] qui nihil admiserint.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Harl, 1.13

LATIN MOTTO: "Philautia °Self-Love PICTURE: A °woman (°Philautia). In her right hand she holds up a °mirror. With her left, she holds a "snake, the head of which is towards her °breast. EPIGRAM: °Morbus eram, humanae °pestisq[ue] teterrima mentis, °Virgo sed et facies, iam verecunda mihi; °Philautia vocor; propriam dumqfue] ardeo formam Dotibus asperno cetera cuncta meis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I was a "disease and the foulest "plague of the human mind, but I was also a "maiden of chaste appearance in my own eyes. I am called "self-love, and, as I burn with desire for my own beauty, I spurn everything else in comparison with my own talents. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.16; Royal, 1.14; Minerva Britanna, 5. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. 1. pag. 16 In your account let not your self bee smoothed over with that flattering (JnAairuia which is over-kindly a sicknes to all mankind but censure your self as if you were your owne enimie. Cicero [de] officficiis] lib: l.[146] Fit enim nescio quo modo ut magis inaliis cernamus quam in nob[?] met ipsis si quid delinquitur, itaq[ue] facillime corriguntur in dif[?] quorum vitia initanturf?] emendandi cause magistri De philautia copiose Aristoteles; Ethic[a] lib. 8[9]. cap. 8[.l] Ovid: [Metamorphoses 3.353-5] de Narcisso Multi ilium iuvenes, multae cupiere puellae sed fuit in tenera tarn dura superbia forma Nulli ilium iuvenes nullae tetigere puellae.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

73

Harl, 1.14

LATIN MOTTO: Nee °metuo nee °opto I neither °fear nor °wish PICTURE: A °hand from °clouds at left holds a °skull. A landscape below with a hill, upon which are three °crosses. EPIGRAM: Perge tuo laute genio indulgere °Philippe, "Imperium cernis quam brevis hora manet? Non °mortem timeo subitam mens conscia °recti, Inculcat quovis tempore, °CHRISTE VENI. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Come, my refined "Philip, indulge your talents. Do you see what short tim remains for your °authority? I do not fear sudden °death, having an understanding that knows the °right and prompts seasonably [with the prayer], 'Come, oh °Christ!' REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.11; Royal, 1.15; Minerva Britanna, 8. SOURCES: BAS: DORON. lib. i. pag. 17. And therefore I would not have you to pray with the papistes to bee preserved from suddaine death, but that God would give you grace so to live, as you may every hower of your life bee ready for death: so shall yee attaine to the virtue of true fortitude Never being afraide for the horror of death come when hee list[?]. Ecclesiast[es]: 7[.40] Memorare novissima et non peccabis in eternum. Seneca Epist[ulae]: 86.[70.6] Stultum est timere quod non possis vitare, mortem non effugit qui distulit; Moriar nee primus nee ultimus, omnes me antecesserunt omnes sequentur, hac conditione intravi, ut exirem. Cicero de Senectut[e 74]: Sed hoc meditatum ab adolescentiaesse debet mortem ut negligamus, sine qua meditatione, tranquillo esse animo nemo potest. COMMENTS: The lower left corner of page is missing and the right side is tightly bound. Some of the text for the sources is consequently difficult to decipher. The version of this emblem in Minerva Britanna explains that King Philip had someone remind him daily that he was but clay.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 1.15

LATIN MOTTO: °Divinae °vindictae nuntius A messenger of °divine Vengeance PICTURE: An open °book with °wings at each side. EPIGRAM: Dum °Sodoma immissos horret sibi °coelitus °ignes, Terga sua et °Nemesi, dat paricida °Nero: Advolitans coelo °liber hie requievit in ilium, Numina periuro qui vocat °ore °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: While °Sodom shudders at the °fires from °heaven sent down upon her, and the matricide, °Nero, flees before °Retribution, this °book flying down from heaven halts upon the person who invokes the power of °God with perjuring mouth. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.16; Minerva Britanna, 140. SOURCES: Zacharfias]: 3.[2b.] [In left margin of epigram beside 'Advolitans'] BAS: DOR: lib. i. pag. 17 And especially beware to offend your conscience, with use of swearing or lieng, suppose but in jest, for oathes are but an use [vice?], and a sinne cloathed, with no delite nor gaine, and therefore the more inexcuseable even in the sight of men. et c. Cicero. 2. de leg[ibus 2.9]: periurii poena divina exitium, humana dedecus. Euripides[, Iphigenia at Aulis 394-5].

Claudianf, Epigrammata 25.5-6]. In prolem dilata ruunt periuria patris Et poenam merito filius ore fuit.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

75

Harl, 1.16

LATIN MOTTO: In eos qui °humanis innituntur °traditionibus Against those who rely on "human traditions PICTURE: A large °ruin of a building. EPIGRAM: Spreta areo tandem, °lapidum compage soluta, Nee terrae °ramos rebar egere meos; Freta itidem languent humano cuncta cerebro Stabilis ut fugiunt °foedera firma °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Spurned I am, and parched at last, as the °stone structure has crumbled. I did not think my °branches would lack soil. Likewise, all things that rely on human ingenuity will wither if they flee the secure °laws of a steadfast °God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.19; Minerva Britanna, 6. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. i. pag. 18. And for keeping your conscience sound from that sicknes of superstition ye must neither lay the safety of your conscience upon the credit of your owne conceiptes nor yet of other mens humors: how great Doctors of Divinity soever they bee but yee must onely ground it upon the expresse Scripture. Ovid 4[.3.35f] de pont[o Epistulae]: Onmia sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo Et subito casu qua valuere ruunt.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Harl, 1.17

LATIN MOTTO: °Vigil utrinq[ue] °Watchful on both sides PICTURE: A °beacon (°torch) beside the °sea. On top is perched a "cockerel. EPIGRAM: °Peccatis totos ne vos °sopor opprimat altus, Excubias perago nocte dieq[ue] °pias: Cumqfue] gregi °daemon Marte insidiatur aperto, °Littore ab aequoreo °teda cavere iubet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Lest deep °sleep overpower all of you in your °sins, I keep a °godly watch night and day. And when a °demon threatens the flock with open hostility, a °torch on the °seashore bids [you] to beware. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 1.17; Minerva Britanna, 139. SOURCES: Esai [Isaias]. 21.[8] Super speculam Domini ego sum stans fugiter per diem BAS: DOR: lib. 1. pag 20. And when any of ye Spirituall officebearers in the Church, speaketh unto you any thing that is well warranted by the word, reverence and obey them as the Heraulds of ye most high God et c. Ezechiel. 3.[17] Speculatorem dedi te. et c. 1 Timoth[eum]. 5.[17] Qui bene presunt presbyteri duplici honore digni habeantur, maxime qui laborant in verbo doctrinae, Dicit enim scriptura non alligabis os bovi trituranti et c. Gregor[y of Nazianzus]: in Ezech[ielem] Hom[iliae] 19 Quisquis populi speculator bonitur [?], in alto debet stare per vitam ut possit prodisse per providentiam.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

77

Harl, fol l i b

ENGLISH MOTTO: An Epigramme upon this °union PICTURE: The royal °arms (heraldic) of England as used by King James I, showing the quartered arms of France and England in the first and fourth quarters, Scotland in the second, and Ireland in the third. For supporters, in place of the lion of England (dexter) and the lion of Scotland (sinister), Peacham has substituted two putti, each of whom holds a rose for England and a thistle for Scotland. A crown is used as the crest. EPIGRAM: The flower-deluces lead the ring France showes the armes but wee ye king The Lions next in order three Present the ground of harmony The Scottish Lion on left hand Doth in a flowry border stand Badge of French league giv'n long agoe I heard it said But thinke not so, (He sooner deeme his armed paw, Doth keepe around the flowers in aw) The harpe the full consort to make The quarter third to him doth take. The fowrth is as the first againe Long may (Oh Lord) the bearer raigne.

78

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.1

LATIN MOTTO: Sic °pacem habemus In this way, we have °peace PICTURE: Two °lions rampant hold a °crown between them. EPIGRAM: Sustenant unum gemini °diadema °Leones, °Principe °concordes, °relligione simul; °Lingua, °amor, et °leges; °mare, °terra eademq[ue], °fidesq[ue] Nata quibus °pax haec °inviolanda manet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The twin °lions uphold one °crown, in "agreement regarding the °king and al regarding °religion. [Its] language, °love, and °laws, °ocean, °land, and °faith are the same, and this °peace, born from them, remains °inviolable. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 2.1; Minerva Britanna, 11; Duplicate: Royal, SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: The twin lions in the picture are the heraldic lions of England and Scotland, now united under one crown following the succession of King James I (King James VI of Scotland).

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79

Harl, 2.2

LATIN MOTTO: °Omine meliore °renascor I "rise again under a better °omen PICTURE: The stump of a "tree upon which stands the °phoenix. With its right foot it holds a °sceptre. Upon its head is a "crown. From the stump grows a sprig of °flowers. EPIGRAM: Ut °fato est visus °Phoenix cessisse °Britannus °Angliaq[ue] infando victa "dolore gemit; Arripit enascens subito, novus iste °favillis °Sceptra, iaces "aquilis °Roma superba tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: As the °British °Phoenix has appeared to yield to its °fate, and °England groans, overcome with unspeakable °grief, then, suddenly, rising again from the °ashes, the newborn Phoenix grasps the "sceptre, while you, °Rome, proud with your °eagles, lie prostrate. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 2.3; Minerva Britanna, 19. SOURCES: Hoc habuit suum symbolum Arma Bullenia, jure quasi hereditario postea usurpatum a Diva Elizabetha. COMMENTS: William Camden (a source Peacham knew well) records that Anne Boleyn's device was 'a white crowned Faulcon, holding a Scepter in her right talon, standing upon a golden truncke, out of the which sprowted both white and red roses, with MIHI, ET MEAE' (Camden, 182).

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.3

LATIN MOTTO: °Securitas altera A second [source of] °safety PICTURE: A °portcullis, above which is a °crown. EPIGRAM: Obsessis ut opem certo "munimine praestem, Quae non sustineo damna creata mihi: Sis °cataracta tuis (animose °Monarcha) °Britannis, Intus et invenies, pectora firma tibi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: So that I may offer help to the besieged with a secure fortification, what I do not support has been made to become my loss [i.e., the loss is my responsibility]. Be the °portcullis for your °British people, proud °monarch, and you will find inside hearts loyal to you. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Royal, 2.3; Minerva Britanna, 31. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: The portcullis with the motto 'Altera securitas' was the device of the Beauforts and was adopted by King Henry VII, one of King James I's ancestors. It was a familiar Tudor badge and its use by Peacham is a reminder of James's supposedly legitimate claim to the English throne.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

81

Harl, 2.4

LATIN MOTTO: Auspice °caelo By the favour of "heaven PICTURE: A "hand extends from the "clouds and suppo a heraldic "shield upon which are three "fleurs-de-lis. Below is the "sea upon which is a "ship. On either side is land. There is a tree on the shore at the left, below which sits a man. On the shore at right is a warning beacon. EPIGRAM: Aurea "coeruleo quae fulgent "lilia "campo "Gallia de "coelo iactitat esse sibi Omine vicisti maiore, "Britannia, "regem Ostentas "florem, "Gallia sola, suurn. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The golden "lilies, which shine across the sea-blue "plain, "France boasts to be its own from "heaven. But you, "Britain, have conquered under a better "sign, for you display your "king; but "France alone displays just its own "flower. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 2.5; Minerva Britanna, 15; Duplicate: Royal, 2.1. SOURCES: Blondius [work unlocated] Tria lilia coelitus sancto Clithoveo seu clodoveo data cum antea suo scuto Gallia portaret Tres nigros bufones (vulgo Crapauds) in campo aryenteo. COMMENTS: There is a pun on 'campo' in the epigram which here can be a reference to the 'sea-blue plain' or the blue heraldic field of the French arms.

82

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.5

LATIN MOTTO: Non °honos sed °onus Not an "honour, but a "burden PICTURE: A °crown, upon which sits a °lion with a crown on its head. It its right paw the lion holds a vertical unsheathed °sword. In its left paw the lion holds a °sceptre. EPIGRAM: Hie °radio °coelum scrutetur, et °entheus °astra, °Musa ilium doceat, blanda movere °sonis; °Ars tua sit gentem °sceptro moderare °Britannam, Indere °froena °malis, atq[ue] favere °bonis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let this person search out the °sky with his °measuring-rod, let the °prophet search out the °stars, and let the smooth-tongued °Muse teach another person to speak persuasively with the °voice. But let it be your °skill to rule the °British nation with your °sceptre, to place °bridles on °evil men, and to favour °good men. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Rawl, 3.1 Partial Duplicate: Royal, 3.16. SOURCES: No sources given.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

83

Harl, 2.6

LATIN MOTTO: Quern °plantavi °irrigabo That which I "planted, I will °water

.s*~''

PICTURE: A "hand extends from "clouds. It holds a "watering-can from which "water falls upon a clump of "thistles and "roses.

EPIGRAM: "Cyprigenae, °agrorum °decus ille, haec sacra "puellae, "Carduus unanimes et °rosa verna virent, Quae gelidus °coelo foecundans °imber ab alto, Vult °omen °regnis (summe "lacobe) tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: That is the "ornament of the "fields, and these are the sacred "rites of the "Cyprian "maiden. The wild "thistle and the spring "rose bloom together and the cold "rain nourishing them from high "heaven wants this to be a "sign, Great "James, for your "kingdoms. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Rawl, 2.7; Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.4; Minerva Britanna, 12. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: The thistle and the rose were the heraldic flowers of Scotland and England respectively. The union of the two kingdoms was frequently symbolised in heraldry and literature by the conjunction of the two flowers.

84

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Harl, 2.7 LATIN MOTTO: Cedet quodcunq[ue] °venenum Any "poison whatsoever will yield PICTURE: A "unicorn rampant. With its front legs it holds a long °lance, at the end of which is a small "flag. The flag shows the °cross of St "Andrew and a bearded, robed man (a "cleric) behind the cross. To either side is the "inscription: 'IR' [Jacobus Rex]. There is a "chain around the unicorn and attached to a "crown around its neck. Beneath the unicorn is an overturned "cup ("goblet). EPIGRAM: "Romana "pellex "Regibus nitens ostro Quae "philtra porrexit modo; Solo "Monoceros calcat "Arcticus, °Regis "Insigne sustentans sui: Quid mi propinas (sic ait) "salax, virus, (Quod "Martyrum et tinxit "cruor)? loco "puellis ridear nuces inter, Demum vacillans "dogmate? Comam °Babylon evelle quern premis frustra "Cornu in "medelam contero. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The love "potions which the "Roman "prostitute, shining with purple, has just offered to "kings, the "northern "unicorn tramples upon with his hoofs as he upholds the "insignia of his °king. What "poisons (so he says) are you offering me to drink, "lascivious creature - poisons also stained by "martyrs' "blood? Am I to be laughed to scorn by the "girls amid their childish games by ever wavering in "doctrine? Tear out [your] hair, O "Babylon, for I, whom you oppress in vain, grind my "horn [to become] a "healing [substance]. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 2.6. SOURCES: No sources given. COMMENTS: This would appear to be an anti-Catholic polemic, in which King James is the defender of the Protestant faith against the temptations of the corrupt Roman church. The nuts (nuces) mentioned in the epigram were commonly used by the Romans as playthings at feasts and could symbolize anything cheap or worthless.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

85

Harl, 2.8

LATIN MOTTO: °Distantia °iunge °Join what is °distant PICTURE: The °arms (heraldic) of the Duke of °Lennox. Three °fleurs-de-lis with a bordure charged with °buckles. EPIGRAM: Quod proavum virtus °discordia °iunxit in unum °Regna duo haec facto °praemia digna tulit; Cui (°Ludovice) vices iterum °pax alma rependens, Ecce silent aevo °Mars, fera °bella tuo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Because the virtue of your ancestors °joined "discordant elements into one [body], it won these two °realms as just °rewards for this achievement. To this virtue, O °Ludowick, nurturing °peace is once more paying back its tribute, and in your own age, O °Mars, your fierce °wars have fallen silent. REFERENCE: Minerva Britanna, 102. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] ob hoc donatus Gallicis insigniis. sc: Galliae & NectTioAeoc;. COMMENTS: In the version of this emblem that appears in Minerva Britanna (no 102), Peacham refers to the grandsire of Lennox, who 'Buckle-like' joined 'two great kingdomes' (Scotland and France) into one. Peacham's source for this emblem appears to be Paolo Giovio's Dialogo deH'imprese militari e amorose (1559). The theme of unity is appropriate to thoughts concerning the union of Scotland and England in 1603. In The Compleat Gentleman (1634 edition), Peacham remarked that the heraldic buckle was 'the true Embleme of Fidelity and Constancy' (212).

86

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.9

LATIN MOTTO: °Lux °publica °princeps The "king is the "light of his "people PICTURE: A "candle with a "flame at the top. The flame surrounded by six other candles. EPIGRAM: Quo fugis ah quisquis °regnorum "sceptra tueris "Coelum oculos credam posse latere meos? °Lumina quae reddis, hinc inde micantia circum, Ad bona vel rapuit quisquis iniqua sibi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Where are you fleeing to, you, whoever you are, who guard the "sceptres of "kings? Would I believe that "heaven can be hidden from my sight? Anyone may take the "lights, shining in all directions round about, for good or ill. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.8; Royal, 2.6; Minerva Britanna, 52. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. 2. pag 23 & 24. The other by your behavior in your owne person, and with your servantes to teach your people by your example, for people are naturally inclined to counterfaite (like apes) their princes manners et c. Ecclesiast[icus]: 10.[2b] Qualis est rector civitatis, tales habitantes in ea. Herodot[us, Historiae]: lib. 6.[27]

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

87

Harl, 2.10

LATIN MOTTO: Et minimi °vindictam °Revenge even from the smallest PICTURE: A °tomb. Above it are several °flies. EPIGRAM: Sponte pios °Reges °reveremur, at arte °Tyrannos, Arte regunt itidem, °funere et arte cadunt Insiliunt quorum °cineres post fata °popellus Vel °muscae °tumulum °Domitiane tuum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: We °revere upright °kings willingly, but °tyrants by constraint. The latter also rule by force, and they fall to their °deaths shortly. The °populace jumps on their °ashes after their deaths, and even the °flies [light upon] your °tomb, O °Domitian. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.9; Royal, 2.7; Minerva Britanna, 144. SOURCES: [In margin beside first line of epigram] Sophoc[les]: in Aiace [1350]. [In margin beside final line of epigram] Otiosus muscas necare solet hinc illud: ne musca quidem cum imperatore. BAS: DOR: lib. 2. pag 24 A Tyrant acthinketh [sic] his people ordained for him, a pray to his passions & inordinate appetites, as the fruites of his magnanimity et c sic deinceps. Seneca, [Hippolytus 518-20]. Sollicito bibunt Auro superbi; quam iuvat nuda manu Captasse fontem? Job 15[21a] De Tyranno Job loquens ait sonitum terroris semper esso in auribus illius Arist[otle, Politica 3.5.4]: Gives custodiunt armis reges, Tyrranos haud extranei.

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.11

LATIN MOTTO: Ex utroq[ue] °immortalitas. °Iacobo °piissimo Regi sacrum °Immortality in both directions: a sacred offering to the most °pious King °James PICTURE: Above a °tomb is a °sceptre and crossed branches of °olive. Upon the tomb is the "inscription: 'D:I:S:A:BB M:' [Dis ac bonis bene merentibus] EPIGRAM: Te tua sed °pietas omni memorabilis aevo °Sidus ad eterni °Caesaris usq[ue] feret °Iustitia occumbet tecum quia °musa, °fidesq[ue] In °patriam raris °pax et habenda locis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: But your °piety, memorable for all ages, will bear you as far as the °star of immortal °Caesar. For the °Muses and °Justice will die with you, as well as °devotion (°faithfulness) to °country, and a °peace that is to be enjoyed in few places. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 2.11; Minerva Britanna, 145. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] Laurus et Oliva. florentis Reipub symb: BAS: DORON: lib 2: pag 26. For a good king (after a happie and a famous reigne) dieth in peace lamented by his subiectes & admired by his neighbours and leaving a reverent renowne behind him on earth, obtaineth ye crowne of eternal foelicity in heaven. Xenophon

Claudian: Tu civem patremq[ue] geras tu consule cunctis.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

89

I Harl, 2.12

LATIN MOTTO: Ex "mails et °bona From °evil [can come] even °good PICTURE: A man holding a long pointed °stick. On the point is impaled a °snake. EPIGRAM: °Perfida quae solo necuisti °vipera morsu, °Pharmaca conterere ut °viscera sana darent; °Vipereis natas °leges ex °moribus ipse Dixero quae prosunt °pharmaca facta, °bonas. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Treacherous °viper, you who have °killed by a single bite, you will be ground up so that your °entrails may provide healthful °medicines. I myself will say that °good °laws have arisen as a consequence of °viper-like °behaviour, which, since it is made into °medicine, is therefore useful. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.10; Royal, 2.8; Minerva Britanna, 34. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] Ex adipe viperino Mithridaticum illud pharmacum in Italia conficitur. BAS: DOR: lib. 2. pag 27 I remitt ye making of lawes to your owne discretion, as yee shall find the necessity of new-rising corruptions to require them, for ex malis moribus bonae leges natae sunt; et c. Ovid Metam[orphoses]: 10 fab: 8.[244f and 329-31] - vitiis quae plurima menti Foemineae natura dedit. Humana malignas Cura dedit leges, et quod natura remittit Invida iura negant. et c.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.13

LATIN MOTTO: °Severus vere °securus He who is °strict is truly °secure PICTURE: An inverted vertical "lance (°spear) from which sprouts °branches. EPIGRAM: Flectitur exiguis animus bene cultus °habenis, In °scelus effusum, °poena severa trahit: °Iura severa daret terris dum °Roma subactis Floruit, ut vidit mollia °regna peril. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A well-trained spirit is guided by light strokes of the °whip, but strict °punishment follows upon extravagant °wrongdoing. As long as "Rome gave strict °laws to its conquered lands, she flourished, but when she saw her °rule [grown] soft, she perished. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 2.12; Royal, 2.9. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] Ovid Metam[orphoses 15.560-4]: Finxerunt hastam a Romulo (postquam severas condidisset leges) proiectam in Palatino colle effloruisse statum Reipub: sub iis legibus designantes. BAS: DOR: lib. 2. pag: 29. Bee yee contrary at your first entry to your kingdome, to that Quinquennium Neronis, with his tender harted wish Vellem nescirem literas, in giving the law full execution against all breakers thereof without exception, et c. Demfosthenes]: cont[ra] Midfiam 115]: In severitate Judicis sita est legum authoritas.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

91

Harl, 2.14

LATIN MOTTO: Et in °severitate °lenitas Even in °harshness [there is] °mercy PICTURE: A °rainbow and falling °rain. Below at right upon a hill is the °Ark. EPIGRAM: °Caede satis mine °ira °Dei satiata quievit °Orbis et infandum diluit °unda °scelus; Nubibus hinc roseo risit °Thaumantias ore, Placatiq[ue] venit °mmtia certa °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °wrath of °God, sated now by Slaughter, rested after "water flooded the monstrous °iniquity of the °world, and then °Iris smiled with rosy countenance from the clouds and came as an undoubted °messenger of the appeased °Deity. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.10; Minerva Britanna, 77. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib 2 pag 30 And when you have by the severity of Justice once setled your cuntries, and made them know that yee can strike then may you thereafter all ye daies of your life mixe Justice with mercy, punishing or sparing, as yee shall find the crime to have ben wilfully or rashly committed et c. Quint: decla: 12 Difficile (tamen) misereri et sapere. Juvenal: Satyr[ae]: 15.[131-3] - Mollissima corda Humano generi dare se natura fatetur Quae lachrymas dedit, haec nostri pars optima sensus.

92

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Harl, 2.15

LATIN MOTTO: °Regum °maiestatem non im[m]inuendam The °majesty of °kings [which is] not to be diminished PICTURE: A °crown. At each side is a °sceptre around which is entwined a °snake. EPIGRAM: Sacra °fides °regum, sacer et locus iste, "poetae, Parcite °sceptrigeris, °meie prophane Procul Pingo meos °angues, insurgunt numina laesa Nee subeant narem vane °popelle tuam. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Sacred is the °trust of °kings, and sacred is also your place, O °poets. Spare the °sceptre-bearers; °piss far away, O you uninitiated! I portray my °snakes; wounded majesty rises; may it not undergo your mockery, O fickle °populace! REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.11; Minerva Britanna, 137. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] Virgil[, Aeneid 11.104]: Nulla cum victis certamen et aethere cassis: [In left margin beside third line of epigram] Persius [Satirae 1.113] BAS: DOR: lib: 1 pag: 32. Heere would I also eike another crime to bee unpardonable et c. It is then the false and unreverent writing or speaking of malitious men against your parentes and predecessors et c. Curtius[, De rebus gesti Alexandri Magni] li[b] 7[.5.20] Nullis meritis perfidia mitigari potest Ovid [Remedia amoris 369]: - Summa petit livor Valerius Maxfimus, De factis disctisque Mirabilibus] lib 4[.7.2] titu: amicitia Nulla tarn modesta foelicitas quae malignitatis dentes vitare possit.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

93

Harl, 2.16

LATIN MOTTO: "Pauperum conditio The state of the "poor PICTURE: Two "millstones grinding "grain. To the righ are two full "sacks, one with the "inscription: 'RO' and the other with the "inscription: TS'. A "dog and a "cat sleep upon the floor. EPIGRAM: Hie "lapis in gyros actus collidit "aristas Habilis assiduam praestat at alter opem Illius hei miseret quantum, qui "pauper °iniquis Succumbit "Domino °Iuridicisq[ue] simul. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: This "millstone, driven in circles, grinds the "grain, but a second efficient one provides continuous assistance. Ah, how pitiable is the "poor man who is subject to the "unjust [who are] at the same time his "lords and "judges. SOURCES: BAS: DORON: lib 2 pag. 34. Bee diligent to try and awful to beate downe the homes of proud oppressors: embrace the quarrel of ye poore and distressed as your owne particular, thinking it your greatest honnor to represse ye oppressours: care for the pleasure of none neither spare yee any paines in your owne person to see their wronges redressed. Plaut[us] in Rudfens 2.1.1]: Omnibus modis qui pauperes sunt homines miseri vivunt. Ovid lib. 3. Amorum. Eleg[iae]. 7.[8.55] Curia pauperibus clausa est, dat census honores Inde gravis iudex, inde severus eques Seneca Ep[istulae] 20[.6] Ob hoc unum amanda est paupertas, quod a quibus ameris ostendit.

94

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Harl, 2.17

LATIN MOTTO: °Rex °medicus "patriae The "king is the "physician of his "country PICTURE: A "dragon or winged "serpent, flying throug the air. It carries a "scepter and there is a "crown above its head. EPIGRAM: Quae "mala contraxit "populus "contagia morum Ne pigeat "medica tot resecasse manu Et "reges olim iuvit "medicina, "Machaon, Claruit hac "Phoebus, maximi et arte viri; TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let it not cause any regret to cut out with "healing hand all the many "evil "infections of behaviour the "populace has contracted. "Kings, too, were helped by the [art of] "medicine a long time ago, O "Machaon, and "Phoebus ["Apollo] was resplendent with this skill of a very great hero. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.14; Minerva Britanna, 30. SOURCES: [In left margin beside first line of epigram] [Ovid, Metamorphoses 15.742] Aesculapius in draconem versus. BAS: DORON: lib 2: pag 37 And that yee may the readier with wisdom and Justice governe your subiectes, by knowing what vices they are naturally most inclyned unto as a good Phisytian, who must first know what peccant humours his patient naturally is most subiect unto, before hee can begin his cure. Euripides in Plisthene [Fragmenta 626.7]. iroAei, euTuxouvTeg oi xaxoi, vooog. COMMENTS: As the marginal note to the epigram implies, the conceit of this emblem is based upon the story of Aesculapius (the god of healing and son of Apollo) in Ovid (Met. XV). The serpent on Aesculapius's wand at a time of plague in Rome turned into a golden serpent with a golden crown, a god who then came to Rome and cured those who were sick.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

95

Harl, 2.18

LATIN MOTTO: Cui cedet To whom it will "yield PICTURE: A tall "candle with a "flame at the tip. Three disembodied "hands grasp the candle." EPIGRAM: Perdita "avarities et dira "superbia "pestis "Christicolum infoelix "ambitione simul: Certatim ut tentant extinguere "lampada "verbi, Ni tua succurrat ("Christe miserte) manus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Reckless "greed and awful "arrogance, together with "ambition [are] a misera "plague among the servants of "Christ. How they would try emulously [among each other] to put out the "torches of the "Word if your hand, O Merciful "Christ, did not come to the rescue. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.15; Minerva Britanna, 3. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] Sr. David Lindesay in his dreame. BAS: DOR: lib. 2. pag 38. The natural sicknes that have ever troubled, and ben the decay of all the Churches, since the beginning of ye world changing the candle-stick from one to another, as Jhon saith have ben pride, ambition, and avarice, and now last these same informities wrought the overthrow of the popish church in this Countrey and divers others, et c. Hesiod[, Opera et Dies 320]: ygr(\WL*tVL 6' ou^ aQTiaxToc, 0eoa6oTa uoAAov aueivo). Hieron[ymus] in Sermon[es], [unlocated]: Cum cetera vitia senescente homine, senescant sola avaritia iuvenescit. August[ine] in psal[mos, unlocated]: Quoties hominibus preesse desidero, toties Deo meo praeire contendo. Chrysostfom] sup[er] Mat[thaeum, unlocated]: Quicunq[ue] desiderat primatum in terra inveniet confusionem in coelo. COMMENTS: In the epigram, 'miserte' may be a neologism, coined on the basis of the late Latin 'miserator', meaning 'pitier, or merciful one.' Grammatically, 'infelix' can go either with 'pestis' or 'ambitio'.

96

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books

Harl, 2.19

LATIN MOTTO: Simulata °puritanorum °sanctitas The feigned °piety of the °Puritans PICTURE: A wide-brimmed °hat placed over a °crown EPIGRAM: Regia quae velant °diademata °pilea, °fastus Insulsos, referunt Cathare Vane tuos. Mentita quales, rigidus °pietate °cucullus Intus °Alexandri nee °diadema tegunt. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °hat which conceals the royal °crown represents your foolish °pride> O conceited °Puritan; such arrogance your °hat, stiff with false "piety, hides inside as is not found even beneath the °crown of °Alexander REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.14; Royal, 2.20; Minerva Britanna, 171. SOURCES: [In left margin of epigram beside line containing 'Cathare'] Heresis haec fuit Augustini temporibus Catharoru[m] no[ ]e appellata. et c. BAS: DOR: lib: 2. pag 41. et pag. 87. Take heede therefore my sonne to such puritanes, very pestes in the church and common-weale whome no desertes can oblige neither oathes nor promises bind et c. Surely there is more pride under such a ones black bonnet then under Alexander the great his diademe. Ecclesiast[icus] 19[.23b] Est qui nequiter humiliat seso et interiora eius plena sunt dolo. Ambros[e]: in sermon: de Abraham et habetur cavete. 229:5 Latet plerunq[ue] sub tristi amicita lascivia et deformis horror vile veste obtegitur. COMMENTS: The plural 'tegunt' in the epigram is odd; one would expect a singular form as in Rawl 2.14 and Royal 2.20.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

97

Harl, 2.20

GREEK MOTTO: Let there be one °ruler PICTURE: A °hand holding a °sceptre, at the tip of which is the °sun. EPIGRAM: Nulla tulit rapidus praeter sua °lumina °Titan, Innumeris gaudent °astra minora choris; Infima °plebs °hominum melius numerosa vagatur Fata manent °reges prodigiosa pares. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Swift °Titan carries no light but his own, while the lesser "stars rejoice in the uncounted choirs. The lowest common °masses of °humankind wander better in huge numbers, but a bizarre fate awaits °kings who are on an equal footing. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.15; Royal, 2.17; Minerva Britanna, 105. SOURCES: BAS: DORON: lib. 2: pag: 43: Paritie cannot stand with the ordour of the church or the peace of a common-weale and well ruled Monarchy. proverb: Graec ruoAAoi OQCCTTIYOI KccQiav dcTraUeaav. Seneca in Thyeste: Regnum non duos capit Neq[ue] mundus duos soles. COMMENTS: The motto is from Homer, Iliad 2.204.

98

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.21

LATIN MOTTO: °Anglorum °commercia The °trade of the "English PICTURE: An °ape with a °hobby-horse in one hand and a °bird in the other. EPIGRAM: °Vellera divendit °Belgis laudata °Britannum Sed °nugas referens °Naupalus inde domum: Vellere factus °eques, politat novus alter °Iason; Vilescit rides? velleris ordo nimis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Naupalus sells much-praised °British °wool to the °Netherlanders, but brings home from there only °trifles. Another and new °Jason, made a °knight by wool, preens himself, for that rank [of men made from] wool - do you smile? - is quite worthless. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Royal, 2.22; Minerva Britanna, 168. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib: 2. pag: 49. The Merchantes thinke the whole common weale ordained for making them up; and accounting it their lawful gaine and trade to enrich themselves upon the losse of all the rest of ye people; they transport from us thinges necessary, bringing back sometimes unnecessary thinges & at other times nothing at all. COMMENTS: In the epigram, 'Naupalus' may be a neologistic name for 'Ship-adventurer' and 'politat' may be from a neologism, 'polito', frequentive of 'polio, poliare', meaning 'to adorn or refine'.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

99

Harl, 2.22

LATIN MOTTO: Quamlibet superabit poenam It will overcome any amount of hardship PICTURE: Two °hands engaged in a °handshake. EPIGRAM: Symbola °amicitiae priscis °concordia iunxit, Concordes geminas °oreq[ue] °corde °manus, Ingens crede °nefas °hostiles fallere dextras Quod °poenas meruit °vindice saepe °Deo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: For the ancients, °harmony joined together as symbols of friendship two °hands showing agreement in both °speech and °heart. Believe it to be an enormous °sin to betray the right hands of your °enemies, for this, with °God as frequent °avenger, deserves °punishment. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.16; Royal, 2.24; Minerva Britanna, 135. SOURCES: [In left margin beside final line of epigram] [John Foxe, Book of Martyrs, 5] Miram habes in Bohemorum Annalibus de Juliano cardinali historiam BAS: DORON: lib: 2: pag: 54. Use all other Princes as your bretheren, honestly and kindly keep precisely your promise unto them although to your hurt et c. Cicero in offic[iis 3.100]: Ham illis promissis standum quis non videt? quae coactus[?] quis metu, aut deceptus dolo promiserit. Plaut[us] in Captfivi 439]. Fac fidelis sis fideli cave fidem fluxam geras.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.23

LATIN MOTTO: °Spes superest °Hope remains PICTURE: A °lance (°spear) from the end of which hangs a °purse (°wallet). EPIGRAM: Fertur °Alexandrum gessurum proelia, cunctas Inter °opes socios distribuisse suos Mulceo quid °verbis ieiuni °militis aurem Inquit, erit nobis °spem superesse satis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: It is said that °Alexander, when he was about to engage in battle, would distribute all his Resources among his companions. 'Why do I stroke the hungry °soldier's ear with °words?' he said. 'It will be enough for us if there remains hope.' REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.17; Royal, 2.26; Minerva Britanna, 53. SOURCES: [In left margin beside first line of epigram] In Apothegm[ata] Licosthenes, 382: BAS: DORON: lib 2. pag. 59. Bee homely with your souldiers as your companions for winning there hartes & extreamely liberall, for then is no time of sparing. Martial: lib 5. Epigram[mata 42.7-8]: Extra fortunam est quicquid donatur amicis, Quas dederis solas semper habebis opes. Plutarch [work unlocated]. Ditare magis est regium quam ditescere.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

101

Harl, 2.24

LATIN MOTTO: In "actione consistit It is steadfast in °action PICTURE: A vertical unsheathed "sword. Towards the end of the blade of the sword are fixed two branches of "palm with what appears to be a small °crown. EPIGRAM: Non ego prae cunctis laudarim °navibus °Argon, °Cholcidos ignotas non tetigisset aquas: Exere te °virtus, quae non putret °unda movetur Docta licet, °fasces °otia nulla dabunt. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I would not praise the °Argo over "all ships if it had not touched the unknow waters of "Colchis. Bestir yourself, oh "virtue. °Water which is not to become foul [must] flow, even though it is taught [to run in pipes or channels]. The "rods of power will bestow no "leisure. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.18; Royal, 2.27; Minerva Britanna, 54. SOURCES: BAS: DORON: lib 2: pag. 61. It is not enough that yee have and retaine (as prisoners within your self never so many good qualities and virtues except yee imploy them and set them on worke, for ye weale of them that are committed to your charge. Virtutis enim laus omnis in acitone consistit. Horat[ius]: ad Julium lib 2 epistfulae]. 2 epist.[37-8] I bone quo virtus tua te vocat, I pede fausto Grandia laturus meritorum praemia, quid stas? Virgil: Aeneid: 2[ 12.435-7] Disce puer virtutem ex me, verumq[ue] laborem Fortunam ex aliis, nunc te mea dextera bello, defensum dabit, et magna inter praemia ducet.

102

Peacham's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.25

LATIN MOTTO: "Virtutem sequi "genus °Virtue follows °breeding PICTURE: A °horse.

EPIGRAM: Sunt °Iovis °Alcidi vires, °Hortensia patris Facunda ex °Rostris vindicet ora sui Descendit seriem per longam ducta nepotum Sic proavum °virtus °nobilitasq[ue] °decus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "strength of °Hercules was °Jove's. Let °Hortensia claim as her own the eloquent speech of her father from the "Rostrum. Similarly, the "virtue and "nobility of ancestors, extended over a long line of descendants, bring on their °glory. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.28; Minerva Britanna, 49. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib: 2 pag 64 It is most certaine that virtue or vice will oftentimes with ye heritage, bee transferred from ye parentes to the posterity and runne on a blood (as the proverbe is) the sicknes of the mind becomming as kindly to some races, as the sicknes of ye body that infectes the seede: Especially choose such minors as are come of a true and honest race, et c. Horat[ius] carm[ina] lib 4 ode 4[.29-32]: Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis; Est in iuvencis, est in equis patrum virtus: nee imbellem feroces Progenerant aquilae columbam. COMMENTS: The Rostrum was the speakers' platform in the Roman forum. It was decorated with the prows (rostris) of ships taken in battle.

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103

Harl, 2.26

LATIN MOTTO: °Fuga et °Fuge °Put to flight or °flee PICTURE: A °harpy perched upon °food on a table. EPIGRAM: Insidet °dapibus volucris foedissima °Phineu (°Harpyiam vocitant) ungue rapace tuis. °Crimina qui defert; repetundus, °Gnato notantur, Vile genus, fucos quos alit aula suos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A most foul winged creature (they call it a °Harpy) sits with greedy claw on your °banquet, oh °Phineus. He who conveys slanderous "accusations must be prosecuted. They are branded as °parasites, a low breed, those whom the court nurtures to be its drones. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Royal, 2.29; Minerva Britanna, 115. SOURCES: [In left margin beside the epigram as note for 'Phineu'] [Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.224] Phineus Arcadiae rex fuit coecus cuius dapes Harpyias devorasse fingebant poetae hoc est parasites et c. BAS: DOR: lib 2 pag: 68 Choose your servantes free of all factions and partialities: but specially free of that filthy vice of Flattery, the pest of all princes and wrack of all republickes. et c. Cicero [de Amicitia 25] in Lelio seu Amicitia In amicitiis nulla pestis est saior quam adulatio, blanditiae, assentatio et c. Mantuan in Aeqlog[ae 5.167-70]: Est et apud Reges rudis invidia rustica, turba Minus adulator, loeno assentator, adulter Histrio scurra; quibus virtus odiosa, poetas Mille modis abigunt: ut quando cadavera corvi Invenere fugant, alias volucresq[ue] ferasqfue]. COMMENTS: 'Gnato' in the epigram is likely from 'Gnatho', the name of a parasite in the 'Eunuchus' of Terence.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.27

LATIN MOTTO: °Amor °coniugalis °Marital "love PICTURE: A °ring fwedding-ring), through which a stick passes horizontally, at each end of the stick is perched a °bird (a "kingfisher, "halcyon). EPIGRAM: "Coniugii °Ceyce suo det pignora certi Aequoreis volitans rupibus °Halcione: Seu curam spectes, iactatae prolis in °undis, Intemerata velis °foedera sive °tori. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let "Alcyone, fluttering around the seashore rocks, give pledges to her "Ceyx of their indissoluble "marriage. Either behold their care for their offspring tossed about amidst the "waves, or you might wish [to note] the unblemished "bond of their "marriage-bed. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.19; Royal, 2.19; Minerva Britanna, 92. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] Ovid Metam[orphoses 11.743f]: BAS: DOR: lib 2: pag 80: When yee are married keepe inviolably your promise made to God in your marriage, which standeth all in doing of one thing and abstaining from another et c. Catullus Elegia. 27[. 111.1-2] Aufilena viro contentam vivere solo Nuptarum una est laudibus eximiis.

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105

Harl, 2.28

LATIN MOTTO: Nostro °elucescit °damno It "lights, to our °loss PICTURE: A °hand at left holding a °steel and another at right holding a °flint. They are struck together and produce °sparks which fall into a °tinderbox upon a table. EPIGRAM: °Ictibus ut mutuis excercent saeva °duella. Dura °silex una ferreus atq[ue] °chalybs; Concipit hie subtus °scintillas pixis, auari ut "luridici elisas dextra °clientis °opes. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: How, with reciprocal °blows, they wage fierce °wars [with one another], the hard °flintstone and the °iron-steel together. A °tinderbox underneath catches the "sparks, just as the right hand of a greedy °judge catches the °wealth dashed out from his petitioner. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.20; Royal, 2.33; Minerva Britanna, 103. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. 2. pag 90. Preasse to draw all your lawes and processes to bee as short as yee can assure your self the longsomnes both of rightes and processes, breedeth there unsure loosenes and obscuritie: ye shortest being ever the surest and the plainest forme: and the longsomnes onely serving for the inritching of ye Advocates and clerkes with the spoile of the whole Cuntry.

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Harl, 2.29

LATIN MOTTO: °Iustitia °Thebanorum The °justice of the °Thebans PICTURE: Three bearded men in long robes (°Thebans). The men on the right and left have had their °hands cut off. EPIGRAM: Truncatis °manibus medio uni lumine casso luncta duum °Thebis ora verenda °senum, Ne vultu (°Iudex) moneant flectaris °amici Muneraq[ue] ad velox sit mutilata °manus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: With their lopped-off °hands, while the one [judge] in the middle is bereft of °sight, let the combined revered voices of the two °old men in °Thebes admonish you, O °judge, not to be swayed by a °friend's face, and let a °hand that is swift [to accept] gifts be cut off. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Royal, 2.13. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] Plutarch in libello de Iside [et Osiride 355A]. BAS: DOR: lib 2 pag 91. But when you are there (in the place of Justice) remember the throne is Gods and not yours, that you sit in, and let no favor, nor what respectes soever moove you from ye right. Theognes[, Epicae 147] ' Cicero 1 offic[iis 1.20]. Justitiae inest splendor virtutis maximus, ex qua boni viri nominantur. COMMENTS: In the passage from Plutarch cited by Peacham, we are told of how statues of judges without hands were set up in Thebes. The statue of the chief judge had its eyes closed to indicate that justice is not influenced by gifts or by intercession.

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107

Harl, 2.30

LATIN MOTTO: °Rota °fortunae The °wheel of °fortune PICTURE: The °Wheel of °Fortune, with four °crowns, one on each side, one at the top, and one at the bottom. EPIGRAM: Aestuat ambiguis Vita haec agitata procellis; Fertq[ue] refertq[ue] vices, °sors male fida suas; Hunc de °plebe creat, °regnantem deprimit ilium, Vel °rota tot casus, una °Sesostris habet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Driven by veering stormwinds, this °life surges onwards, and unreliable °chance brings on and repeats her cycles. This man from the common "people she promotes; that °man-of-power, she brings down. Even one °wheel of °Sesostris holds so many vicissitudes. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.21; Royal, 2.34; Minerva Britanna, 76. SOURCES: [In left margin beside final line of epigram] In herodoto [Historiae 2.102-8]. Nota est sesostris historia. BAS: DORON: lib 2 pag. 93. Such is the continuall volubilitie of thinges earthly according to the roundnes of ye world and revolution of the heavenly circles which is expressed by the wheeles in Ezechiels visions, and counterfaited by the poets in Rota fortunae et c. Aristonimus in Tomariis[?Lomariis, unlocated] Erasmus [work unlocated]. In tranquilissimis rebus interdum existit periculum quod nullus expectat. Cicero: Tusculfanae Disputationes 5.25] Vita fortuna regitur non sapientia.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.31

LATIN MOTTO: °Studia inopportuna Inappropriate °studies PICTURE: A °scholar holds up a °measuring-rod to survey the °stars. Before him on the ground is a either a terrestrial or a celestial "globe. EPIGRAM: Mitte °Hyadas °syracuse °senex lustrare °Booten, Quaq[ue] micat rutilis °Cassiopeia comis; Effugis incassum, nee °votis °Iupiter adsit: Cum petit °hostilis tune tua terga manus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Cease to scan the °Hyades and the °Wagoner (the constellation °Bootes), oh °ol man of °Syracuse, and wherever °Cassiopeia glitters with ruddy locks. You °flee in vain, and °Jupiter may not be propitious to your °prayers at that time when an °enemy force pursues you from behind. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.22; Royal, 2.35. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib: 2 pag: 94. As for the study of other liberall artes and sciences I would have have [sic] you reasonable versed in them, but not preassing to bee a passe maister in any of them: for that cannot but distract you from ye pointes of your calling, as I shewed you before: and when by the enimie winning the towne, yee shallbee interrupted in your demonstration, as Archimedes was; your people I thinke will looke very bluntly upon it. Erasmus, [work unlocated] delibanda. quaedam, non principi ingurgitandum in artibus & philosophia.

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Harl, 2.32

LATIN MOTTO: °Arbiter sui °iuris °princeps A °King is the °judge of his own °authority PICTURE: A °lion rampant with a °crown on its head. In its paws it holds a °bridle and °bit. EPIGRAM: Ardua res °Caesar gentes domuisse °rebelles Ferrea °sauromatum et colla dedisse iugo: Verius at vincis tua cum °vindicta lacessit, °Pectora, cum poteris sumere nolle tamen. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: It is a difficult task, O °Caesar, to subdue Rebellious peoples, and to place the yoke on the iron-hard necks of the °Sarmatians. But you conquer more truly whenever your [desire] for "vengeance stirs up your °heart if, though you are able to exact [punishment], still you are unwilling to do so. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.23; Royal, 2.36; Minerva Britanna, 82. SOURCES: Seneca: in Hercfules Furens 353]: Ars prima regni Invidiam pad BAS: DOR: lib 2: pag: 95 Embrace true Magnanimity, not in being vindictive, w[hi]ch the corrupted iudgments of ye world thinkes to bee true Magnanimity but by the contrary, in thinking your offender not worthy of your wrath, empyring over your owne passion and triumphing in the commaunding your self to forgive. Horat[ius]: carm[ina]: lib 2. ode 2[.9-12]: Latius regnes avidum domando Spiritum; quam si Lybiam remotis Gadibus iungas, et uterq[ue]; Poenus Serviat uni.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 2.33

LATIN MOTTO: "Filioram °pietas Children's sense of °duty PICTURE: A °stag. An °arrow has pierced its breast. In its mouth it holds a sprig of °oak with °acorns. EPIGRAM: Acta per et °laqueos et per °discrimina mille Sic "pereo °vitam dum °genetricis °alo; Tata piis obstant nimium conatibus, eheu Immodicosq[ue] bonos quam brevis hora rapit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Driven through a thousand °snares and "perils, I °perish here while I °nourish my °parent's °life. [But] the °fates thwart too much [these] dutiful endeavours and, alas, how the short-lived hour carries off those who are unboundedly good. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.24; Royal, 2.37. SOURCES: [In margin above epigram] DU BARTAS. [work unlocated] BAS: DOR: lib 2 pag. 96: Honour your parentes for the lengthning of your owne daies as God in his law promiseth. Honour also them that are in loco parentum unto you, such as your governours, up-bringers and praeceptors bee thankfull unto them and reward them w[hi]ch is your dewty and Honour. Isocrat[es Epistula] ad Daemonic [1.27]: Cic[ero]: pro Roscfio] Amer[ino 37]: Nullum supplicium satis aere reperiri potest in eum qui mortem obtulerit parenti pro quo mori ipsum, si res postularet, iura divina atq[ue] humana postulant. Virgil: Aeneid 2[.707-10] de Aenea. Erga age chare pater cervici imponere nostrae, Ipse subibo humeris, nee me labor iste gravabit, Quo res cunq[ue] cadent, unum & commune periclum Una salus ambobus erit - .

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl) Harl, 2.34

LATIN MOTTO: °Regum °constantia The °steadfastness of °kings PICTURE: A man (°Atlas) with the °world upon his shoulders. The globe has the Inscription: 'Europa Asia Africa America'. He stands upon a stone (°marble) °cube. EPIGRAM: Grandaevus °coelum tergo dum sustinet °Atlas, Sub pedibus calcat, °marmoreumq[ue] °cubum: Quanta sit innuitur °Regi °constantia virtus, Qui subit °Atlantis terrifer alter °onus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The aged °Atlas, while he supports the °sky on his back, also tramples a °marble °cube under his feet. [Thereby] it is signified how great a virtue °steadfastness (°constancy) is for a °king who, as another earth-bearer, shoulders °Atlas's °burden. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.25; Royal, 2.38. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib 2 pag 97 Keepe true constancy not onely in your kindnes towardes honest men; but being also invicti animi, against all adversities, et c. Cicero in offic[iis 1.125]: Nihil autem est quod tam deceat, quam in omni re gerendo consilioq[ue] capiendo, servare constantiam.

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Harl, 2.35

LATIN MOTTO: °Tyrannorum °morbus °suspitio °Suspicion is the "disease of "tyrants PICTURE: The head of a man (probably intended to represent a °Roman), on which is a °laurel wreath. EPIGRAM: Frangitur assidua "curarum mole °Tyrannus, Inq[ue] alios °saevus, saevior ipse sibi; °Nox abit insomnis, coniurant °astra, minantur Cunctaq[ue] quo fugiat °Tartara solus habet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A °tyrant is crushed by an ever-present mass of °cares. He is °cruel to others, and even more cruel towards himself. His °night passes by sleepless, the °stars conspire against him, everything is threatening, and wherever he flees, he faces °Tartarus alone. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Royal, 2.43; Minerva Britanna, 90. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] ex Mathiolo [Commentarii] in Dioscor[idis de Medica materia (Venice, 1554) 1.85.36-41] delauro. BAS: DOR: lib 2 pag. 100. For since suspition is the Tyrantes sicknes, as ye frutes of an evil conscience, et c. Mathioli [Commentarii] in Dioscorid[is de Media Materia (Venice, 1554) 1.85.36-41]: Laurus fulmine non percutitur proinde nee ea domus in quae eius rami servantur, quocirca Tiberius Caesar tonante Coelo lauro coronabatur. Seneca, de ira lib. 2.[11.1 and 3] Periculosius est timeri quam despici. Necesse est ut multos timeat quern multi timent.

Basilikon Doron (MS Harl)

13

Harl, 2,36

LATIN MOTTO: "Paritas °confusionis mater "Equality is the mother of "confusion PICTURE: A "table upon which is a four-stringed "lute and a book of °music. EPIGRAM: "Taedia quae tereti solet indere "Barbitos °auri "Lesbia, cum paribus personet icta °modis; Haec eadem, "paritas tua "sponsa "Ecclesia "Christi Curn °paria esse vides "membra subinde parit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: What sense of "annoyance a "Lesbian "lyre ly imparts to a refined °ear whenever it is plucked to sound with undifferentiated "measures. This same feeling will be produced by equality within you, O "Church, you °bride of "Christ, whenever you see your "members being "equal. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.13; Royal, 2.16. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. 2: pag. 41 Paritie, the mother of confusion, and enimy to unitie w[hi]ch is the mother of ordour.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Harl, 3.1

GREEK MOTTO: "Ev °aoc|>o6eAd> uey' oveiag. There is great "refreshment in an °asphodel PICTURE: A bunch of °asphodels, showing roots and flowers. EPIGRAM: Quae fuerant olim genialia °fercula priscis Quas mavult °Curius, °Papiriusq[ue] dapes, °Grus nondum metuit, °viscoq[ue] °Ciconia tuta Nee modo regnabant, °otia, °pluma, °Venus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "dishes of a long time ago which were festive to the ancients and which a °Curius or a °Papirius preferred, the °crane did not as yet fear while the °stork was [still] safe from °bird-lime; nor did °idleness, °lust, and [the craving for] a downy °bed hold sway. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.3; Royal, 3.1. SOURCES: [In right margin beside motto] Hesiodf, Opera et Dies 724] [In left margin at foot of epigram] Petrarch [Canzoniere 1.7. If]. La gula, venere el' otiosa piuma, hanno del mondo ogni virtu sbanditi. et c. BAS: DORON: lib 3. pag. 106. Let your Table bee honorably served, but serve your apetite w[i]th few dishes, as young Cyrus did which both his[?] holsomest, and freest from the vice of delicacie et c. Veget[ius, de re militari]: lib 4.[7] Nunquam fama periclitati sunt qui Temperantiam niter copiam servare coeperunt. Persius [Satirae 5.138-41]. Vare regustatum digito terebrare salinum, Contentus perages, si cum Jove vivere pergis. salem lingere, frugaliter victitaro dr.

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115

Harl, 3.2

LATIN MOTTO: °Gula °Gluttony PICTURE: °Philoxenus. He has a long °neck like that of a °crane. In his right hand he holds a spit, on which is impaled the carcase of a °bird. In his left hand he holds what appear to be a °pie from which the head of a bird protrudes. EPIGRAM: Lauta °gulae effigies (sive ora °Philoxene quondam Qualia pinxerunt tempora prisca tibi;) Foeda °lues patriae, comes exitiosa °Minervae, Tempore nee longo certa °ruina sibi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The noble image of "gluttony - or countenances such as olden times once depicted for you, °Philoxenus - [this has become] a foul °pestilence in our country and a ruinous companion of °Minerva, and [will become], over no long period of time, its own assured Destruction. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.5; Royal, 3.2. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. 3. pag. 107. The Romanes abhorring Apicius their owne Citizen for his vice of delicacy and monstrous Gluttony. Like as both the Graecians and Romanes had in detestation the name of Philoxenus, for his filthy wish of a Crane-craig. et c. Seneca ep: 71. Una silva pluribus Elephantibus sufficit: homo vero pascitur vix terra et mari.

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Peachams ManuscriptEmblem Books Harl, 3.3

LATIN MOTTO: In °abstemios Harming the °abstinent PICTURE: A °cup in which is a bunch of °grapes. Liquid (°wine) overflows from the cup. EPIGRAM: Quos vitiasse ferunt °latices °Amithaone natum °Bacche °coma cingis luxuriante tua; °Vina fugit °fons hie madidos oditq[ue] °racemos °Palladi cum °Bromio foedera nulla sient. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "streams which they say were polluted by the son of °Amithaon, you, O °Bacchus, pour over your luxuriant hair. [But] this °spring shuns wine and hates the intoxicating bunches of °grapes. Let there be no alliance between °Pallas [Athena] and °Bromus. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.6; Royal, 3.3. SOURCES: [In left margin beside first line of epigram] Ovid in Metam[orphoses]. lib 15.[322-8] BAS: DOR: lib. 3. pag. 107. But bee warre w[i]th exesse using of meate and drinke, and cheifly bee warre of drunkeness which is a beastly vice namely in a king: but specially bee warr with it because it is one of those vices that increaseth w[i]th age. [Licosthenes,] Inter Apoth[egmata204]: Percontanti cuidam Leontichidam cur spartani parcissime liberent Ne inquit pro nobis alii, sed nos pro aliis consultemus. Virgil: [Opuscula] de venere et vino [vv.5-6] Multos coecus amor cogit secreta fateri Arcanum demens detegit ebrietas. vide Xenophontem in Cyri paed [Cyropaedia 1.3.9]: ubi venenum visum est a Sacca pocillatare infusum et c. COMMENTS: The epigram refers to Ovid (Met. 15.322ff). The son of Amithaon is Melampus, the soothsayer and prophet who healed the demented daughters of Proetus.

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LATIN MOTTO: Et °mensa habet suas °leges The dining °table, too, has its own °laws PICTURE: A °table set in readiness for a meal. At the centre is a "salt. A °hand extends from above the salt, holding a pair of °scales. EPIGRAM: Quae decuere, dapes aspergant °dicta °Sophorum Esto °lepos facilis, sic sine dente sales: Non aliena °fides propria sit vilior, haec cum Aut cadit aut crescit °vulnere laesa tuo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let °sayings of the Vise be sprinkled on meals which are becoming. Let there be ready °wit; in this way there will be pungency [in your talk], but without [harsh] teeth. Let another's °trust not be cheaper than your own, since that trust either perishes or grows when hurt by a °wound inflicted by you. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.14; Royal, 3.4; Minerva Britanna, 59. SOURCES: BAS: DORON: lib: 3 pag 108 It is no waies comely to dispatch affaires or to bee pensive at meate; but keepe then an open and a cheerefull countenance causing to read pleasaunt histories unto you, that profit may bee mixed with pleasure: and when yee are not disposed, entertaine pleasaunt quick, but honest discourses. Sopater ad Hemetrium fratfrem] de guberfnatoris] Imperio. Abstinendum est dicteriis vere imperantibus, nam qui ridiculis gaudet, Imperii Maiestatem imminuet.

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LATIN MOTTO: Tandem se °aperient They will "reveal themselves in the end PICTURE: A °key with °wings. EPIGRAM: Nil °secreta moror quae mussitat aula, °Chymaeram °Anfractus °Lycii non tenuere diu; °Consilia erumpent °Regum vulgata per orbem °Plebe ab incite suam notaq[ue] habent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I do not care about the °secrets which the court whispers, for the Circumlocutio of the °Lycians did not hold back the °Chimaera for long. The "judgments of "kings will break forth once they are spread throughout the world by the idle "masses and, as soon as they are known, have their decisive impact. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.4; Minerva Britanna, 38. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib: 3 pag: 109 Let them that have the credit to serve in your chalmer bee trustie and secret; for a king will have need to use secrecie in many thinges; but yet behave your self so in your greatest secrets, as yee need not bee ashamed, suppose they were all proclaimed at the Mercate Crosse.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Somniorum °Dea The °goddess of °dreams PICTURE: A bare-breasted °woman with a wreath upon her head. In her right hand she holds a dish of °fruit. In her left hand she holds a °wand. Above at right is the crescent °moon. On the ground at left is a °skull. EPIGRAM: Ora °Deae video, cuius, sed dicito? °Brysus Quam numen credunt °somnia vana suum. Fundit opes varias. stultos °spe lactat inani Quos °bullis ditat crastina lusa dies. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I see the face of a °goddess. But of which goddess should I say? Of °Bryses whom meaningless °dreams believe to be their own deity. She pours forth manifold resources and beguiles with empty °hope fools whom tomorrow's deluded day enriches with °bubbles. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.7; Royal, 3.5; Minerva Britanna, 151. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] [Philipp Nicodemus Frichlinus,] In persiufm]. Anonymous. BAS: DOR: lib pag. 109 Take no heed to any of your dreames: for all prophecies visions and prophetick dreames are accomplished and ceased in Christ. Tibullus lib. 3. Eleg[iae]: 4.[7f] Somnia fallaci ludunt temeraria nocte, Et pavidas mentes falsa timere iubent. COMMENTS: 'Brysus' may be an abbreviated form of 'Brysous' (genitive singular of 'Bryses'), the goddess of dreams referred to. In the epigram 'dicito' is read and translated as 'dictito', meaning 'to say often'. Whether we read 'dicito' as 'dictito', the line is not metrical.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Salomone °pulchrior More °beautiful than °Solomon PICTURE: A disembodied °hand in the air holding a °lily. EPIGRAM: Splendida fluctivagos quid iactitat aula lapillos. Intumet et °Rhodopis bombicis arte °lapis? Non moror artis opus; mediis quern vestit in °agris °Vita oculi °candor, °virgineumq[ue] decus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why does the glittering court boast of its wave-tossed pebbles, and [why] is the °gemstone puffed up with the adornment of the fine cloth of °Rhodope? I do not care for the work of artifice, I [the lily] who am clothed in the midst of the °fields with °life, the eye's °light, and a °virginal beauty. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.8; Royal, 3.6; Minerva Britanna, 116. SOURCES: [In left margin just above epigram] Mat. 6.[28] BAS: DOR: lib. 3. pag. 110. Bee also moderate in your raiment, neither over-superfluous like a deboshed waister; nor yet overbase like a miserable wretch, nor artificially trimmed, et c. COMMENTS: See Matthew 6:28-9 and Luke 12:29.

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LATIN MOTTO: Non temere °scripta Not °written rashly PICTURE: An "arachnid, possibly a °scorpion, holding a °pen. EPIGRAM: °Passibus exiguis gradieris tutius, atq[ue] °Fontibus ex variis purior °unda venit; Adsit °lima tuis (et habent sua fata) °libellis Et calcat rapidos posthuma fama °rogos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You will walk more safely with small °steps, and cleaner °water comes from manifold °springs. Let the °file be applied to your °books, for they, too, have their own fates; and posthumous °fame tramples upon fast-consumed funeral pyres. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.9; Royal, 3.7; Minerva Britanna, 57. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. 3. pag 118 Flatter not your self in your labours, but before they bee set forth, let them first bee privily censured by some of ye best skilled men in that craft, that in these workes yee meddle with et c and according to Horace his counsel Nonumqjue] premantur in annum. ibidem I means both your verse and your prose; letting first that fury and heate, wherewith they were written coole at leisure. De Quinctiliano[, Institutio Oratoria 2] et in hunc finem fabula.

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LATIN MOTTO: Invisae °Veneri °venationes The °hunt is hateful to °Venus PICTURE: A °dog, probably a hunting animal since in th background at left is a °deer. EPIGRAM: Exosos °Veneri °lepores mirare fugaces Silvestres °cervos °setigerumq[ue] genus Exanimis cecidit vel quod °Cynareius heros Aut his quod non sit lusibus aptus °amor. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why are you amazed that the fleeing °hares, the woodland °deer, and the breed [°pigs] are hated by °Venus? [This is so] either because the °Cynareian hero [°Adonis] fell dead, or because °love is not equipped for this game. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.11; Royal, 3.9; Minerva Britanna, 169. SOURCES: [In left margin beside third line of epigram] Adonis. BAS: DOR: lib: 3: pag. 121 I cannot omitt heere the hunting namely w[i]th running houndes w[hi]ch is the most honorable and noblest sort thereof: et c. Xenophon [Cyropaedia 1.2.9 and 8.1.34] tanquam principe dignissimam Cyro suo venatios nem passim commendat. [Francesco Sansovini, unlocated] ex Veneta Sanso vini historia. Veneta iuventus terra continuis venationibus se excercent ut ad praeliu[m] navale (ciu gens ilia dodita) agiliores et fortiores fierent.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Ferenda molliter To be °handled gently PICTURE: A °ring into which is set a pointed °gem (°pyrite). A "hand extends from above, the index "finger of which touches the point of the gem. EPIGRAM: Non nocet attingas °digito leviore °Pyritem Hunc totum prendas uritur ipsa °manus; Sperne °voluptates, aut summo °pollice tange, Et tibi °mella, °nives, °foemina, °flamma placent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: It does not harm if you touch a °pyrite stone with a light [brush of your] Tmge but if you grasp it whole, your very °hand will be burned. Spurn pleasures, or simply touch them with the tip of your °thumb, if °mead, °snow, °women, and [love's] flames are to your liking. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Rawl, 3.13; Minerva Britanna, 95. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] de quo plinius in Natur[alis] Hist[oria 36.137f]: BAS: DORON lib 3. pag. 127. And cheifly abstaine from haunting before your marriage, the idle companie of dames, which are nothing els but irritamenta libidinis Bee warre alwaies to abuse your selfe. et c. Ovid: de femina Amoris lib. 1. eleg[iae] 8.[44f] - casta est quern nemo ragavit Aut si rusticitas non vetat ipsa rogat. COMMENTS: Pyrite, iron sulphide in modern usage, is probably in Peacham's mind an unidentified gem, black in colour, which can burn one's hand (see Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 37. 189). Snow (nives) was used by the ancient Romans for cooling wine.

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FRENCH MOTTO: Leur "esprit s'en fuit au bout des °doigts Their °essence escapes through the "finger tips PICTURE: A "tree ["frankincense]. EPIGRAM: Nectareos "succos reddis cur membra per ima, Et sine "fruge caput, die age "Leucothoe? Elicis "ingenium, digitis, tu quisquis alumnus, "Musarum, vere "nectare spargis humum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why do you produce fragrant "sap from your lowest branches, while your crown is without °fruit? Come, tell us, "Leucothoe. You draw out "talent with your fingers, whichever pupil of the "Muses you are, truly you sprinkle the earth with "nectar. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.12; Royal, 3.12. SOURCES: [In left margin beside motto] Du Bart[as]: [La] Sem[aine 1]: BAS: DOR: lib 3: pag: 127. Delight not to bee in your owne person a plaier upon instruments especially on such as commonly men winne their living with, nor yet to bee fine of any mechanick craft: et c. COMMENTS: Leucothoe, who was made pregnant by Apollo, was buried alive by her angry father. Apollo then changed her into a frankincense bush.

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Harl, 3.12

LATIN MOTTO: Tutissima inter °pares °unitas A "union of °equals is safest PICTURE: The Order of Saint °Michael, a necklace of "shells interspersed with °knots. From this is suspended a pendant. EPIGRAM: Ad °Angliam de foedere et °unione °Britannica. °Coelum, terra, °Deus, te °Thetis et una procatur Ut coeas, perstas, °foedera nulla placent: Si causam rogito, te nullam scire fateris, °Foemina sum (dicis), NIL NISI °VELLE MEUM. Ad eandem Distichon. Auspiciis, propera, Divi coalesce, °Iacobi Et terris redeunt °aurea °secla tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: To °England, on the occasion of the °British Treaty and °Union. °Heaven, earth, and °God, together with °Thetis, require of you that you come together. [If] you are stubborn, no "treaties will be to your liking. If I ask urgently for the reason, you admit you know of none. I am a °woman (you say), [I know] nothing but my own "will. A couplet on the same theme: Hasten and unite under the auspices of the godlike "James, and the "golden-age will return to your lands. SOURCES: Insigne Michaelis = ordinis concharufm] subtilibus nodis intertesterum torquis concha quia compage arctissima coiti; symbolum unitatis dedisse [?videlicet]. BAS: DORON lib. 3. pag: 149 So that even as in the times of our auncestors the long warres and many bloody battels betwixt these twoo Countries bred a natural and hereditary hatred in every of them, against ye other, the uniting and welding of them heereafter in one, by all sort of frendship commerce and alliaunce, will by the contrary produce, and maintaine a naturall and inseperable unity of love amongst them. Foeliciter lacobo Regi Finis COMMENTS: The Thetis named in the epigram was the mother of Achilles. Possibly, Peacham is here making a

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flattering allusion to James. Thetis was also one of the Nereids, the sea being a common factor that unites the countries forming Great Britain. The source of Peacham's emblem appears to be Paradin's Les devises heroiques (Lyons, 1557), 22. On the following page, Peacham has written 'Deo gratias fonti & largitori omnium bonorum Amen' [Thanks be to God the fountain and benefactor of all good things. Amen.] This is followed in the manuscript by Peacham's four-part song ('Awake softly with singing Oriana sleeping' etc.), his only known extant musical composition (see Young [4]).

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LATIN MOTTO: Nisi °desuper Only from °above PICTURE: A right °hand extends from a red sleeve and the clouds above. It holds a double °chain from which hangs a golden °crown. Below is a landscape with a °ship upon some water. EPIGRAM: °Nubibus en duplici vinctum "diadema °catena, Quod procul a nostro sustinet °orbe manus: Non alia te lege °Deus, °Iacobe, ligavit, Quem °regere °imperio fecit et esse virum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Behold, in the °clouds [appears] a °crown bound by a double °chain: and a °hand holds it aloft far from our °world. It is with no different °bond, O °James, that °God has bound you, whom he has made to °rule with [full] °authority and to be a [true] °man. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.1; Harl, 1.1', Minerva Britanna, 1. SOURCES: BAS: DORON lib. 1. pag 2. Therefore (my Sonne) first of all thinges learne to know and love that God, whome to yee have a double obligation; first for that hee made you a man; and next for that hee made you a little God, to sit on his throne and rale over other men. Cicero Philippficae]: 8.[29.] Magnum est in Repub: personam tueri principis, qui non animis solum debet, sed oculis sevire civium.

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Royal, 1.2

LATIN MOTTO: Te °duce With you as °leader PICTURE: Upon the ground a °net, into which walks a line of °birds. EPIGRAM: Dum tua qua ducis legimus vestigia passim, Alma °parens, capimur praeda misella °plagis; Proh dolor, innocuos quam multos perdis, ab uno Te modo diductum °principe °crimen erit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: While we follow your footsteps, nurturing °parent, far and wide wherever you lead, we are caught as a wretched prey in the °net. Oh what sorrow, how many innocent people you destroy; because of just you alone as °leader, °wrong will spread. REFERENCE: See Rawl, 1.2; Duplicates: Harl, 1.2; Minerva Britanna, 85. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] Xenophon[, Memorabilia, 2.1.4]: BAS DO. lib. i. pag: 3. Thinke not therefore that the highnes of your dignitie diminesheth your faultes (much lesse giveth you a licence to sinne), but by the contrary your faulte shalbee aggravated according to the height of your dignitie; any sinne that yee commit, not being a single sinne procuring but the fall of one, but being an exemplare sinne, and therefore drawing with it the whole multitude to bee guilty of the same. Livi: in Panegyrficus]: lib 4.[66.21.] Nunquam deceptus est princeps, nisi qui prius ipse deceperit Xenophfon]: in Oeconomico [4.19]

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LATIN MOTTO: Initium °sapientiae The beginning of °wisdom PICTURE: A °book ("Bible), upon which is a vertical unsheathed °sword with a gold hilt, pointing skywards. Around the blade is coiled a blue °snake. On the fore-edge of the book is the Inscription 'BIBLIA'. EPIGRAM: Squammiger in gyros °gladio se colligit °anguis Naturam signant quae °Politeia tuam Effera °Iustitia est, °Prudentia vana °Solonis Haec nisi sustentent °Biblia sacra °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The scaly °snake, signifying your nature, Oh °Body Politic, gathers itself into a coil around the °sword. °Justice is savage, and the "wisdom of a °Solon is fruitless unless these holy °books of °God sustain them. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.3; Harl, 1.3; Minerva Britanna, 2. SOURCES: BAS: DOR: lib. i. pag. 3. Remember also that by the right knowledge and feare of God (which is the beginning of wisedome as SALOMON saith) yee shal know all the thinges necessary for the discharge of your dutie, both as a Christian and as King, et c. Lactantius. Fons autem sapientiae et Religionis est Deus, a quo hi duo si rivi aberraverint arcescant necesse est, quem qui nesciunt nee sapientes esse possunt Religiosi. Hiero[nymus]. super Esaiaem lib 7.[11.35.] Non sic adulandum principibus ut veritas sanctarum scripturarum negligatur.

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Royal, 1.4

LATIN MOTTO: °Gratiae situla oratio A thirsty pleading for "grace PICTURE: A brown bucket upside down in the °sky. °Water falls down from the bucket towards the earth below. EPIGRAM: Creta °fide veneranda °LITE, sine caede °sacerdos Numinis ante thronum quae pia °sacra facis, Supplice te patrio descendit °gratia °coelo; Et datur his haustis Vita perennis °aquis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Reverent °prayer, sprung from °faith, who as a °priestess performs your holy °rites without bloodshed before the throne of the Deity. With you as suppliant, °grace comes down from its native heaven and °life everlasting is granted from these °waters drunk [by us]. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 1.4; see Rawl, 1.4; Minerva Britanna, 68. SOURCES: [To right of motto] Augfustine]. [Work not given and precise source unlocated.] BAS D. lib 1 pag 4 Now the onely way to bring you to this knowledge, is diligently to reade his word, and earnestly to pray for the right understanding thereof. Psalm. 34 Humiliabam animam meam in ieiunio, et oratio mea in sinu meo convertetur. August[ine, super Psalmos]. in Psalm. 65. Orationis purae magna est virtus, et velut fidelis nuntius mandatum suum peragens, et penetrat quo gratia non pervenit. COMMENTS: In the epigram, 'LITE' is here taken as a Latin personification of the Greek word for prayer.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Cuiq[ue] et °nemini For °everyone and °nobody PICTURE: A woman (°Faith) wearing a blue dress and a purple scarf. Her right elbow rests upon the arm of a °cross. In her right hand she holds an open °book. Her left hand is extended downwards slightly behind her and holds a small object. At right in the background is a hill upon which are three crosses. EPIGRAM: °Crux mihi grata quies, sola fiducia, °coelo Me terris lactant °vulnera, °CHRISTE, tua; Sancta TIDES dicor, cunctis mea dogmata pando, Pone sed occulto °relligionis opus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °cross is a welcome place of rest for me in "heaven, and my only trust [is] in °heaven. On earth, your wounds, O "Christ, nourish me. I am called Holy °Faith. I unfold my teachings before all, and behind [myself] I conceal the works of °piety. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.6; Harl, 1.5; Minerva Britanna, 7. SOURCES: BAS. D. lib. i. pag. 5. In twoo degrees standeth the whole service of God by man: Interior or upward; exterior or downeward; the first, by praier in faith towardes God; the next by workes flowing therefra before ye world: which is nothing els but the exercise of Religion towardes God, and of equitie towardes your neighbour. Epist: ad Titum. 3.[8b.] Curent bonis operibus praeesse, qui credunt Deo. Bernard sup[er]: Cant[icum]. Sermone 24. Fidem tuam dilectio animet, actio probet. Chrysostom: in illud symboli credo in Deum. Religionis Catholicae fides, lumen est animae, ostium vitae, fundamentum vitae aeternae.

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Royal, 1.6

LATIN MOTTO: °Vulnerat ille "medemur That [sword] °wounds; but we are "healed PICTURE: A vertical unsheathed °sword with a gold hilt. To its blade are attached with purple muslin two "medicine "bottles. EPIGRAM: lusta licet seros °Adae sub °lege nepotes °Coelitus, insequiter vindicis °ira °Dei Unius haec praestat °medicamina °gratia °Christi °Vulnere ne pereas quam redivivus habes. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: From °heaven, the just "wrath of the avenging "Deity pursues, under the "law, the descendants of °Adam, late-born though they may be. "Healing is offered by this "grace of "Christ alone, which you, on being born again, possess so that you may not perish from the "wound. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.7; Harl, 1.6; Minerva Britanna, 83. SOURCES: [Beside line three of epigram] Luc[a] 10. 34. BAS D lib 1 p: 7 The whole scripture is composed of twoo partes the old and new Testament, the ground of the former is the Law which sheweth our sinne, and contained! Justice: the ground of the other is Christ, who pardoning sinne contained! grace. Bernard. Super Cantic[um]: Sermone: 54 Gratia balsamum est purissimum, et ideo purum, solidum et profundum vas requirit. August[ine]: de verbis Apost[oli, not located]. Si levis morbus esset contemneretur, si medicus non quaereretur morbus non finiretur: ideo ubi abundavit peccatum, super abundavit et gratia.

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LATIN MOTTO: Prius exue °sordes First, remove "filth PICTURE: Upon a table are two flaming °candles in gold candlesticks, a red °book (°Bible) and a °basin and °ewer. Covering the table is a green cloth with the three °feathers heraldic device of the °Prince of Wales repeated three times. EPIGRAM: Sacra tuis manibus quicunq[ue] °volumina versas. °Sordibus immunis quaere °salutis iter; Quoq[ue] volutaras carnis prius exue caenum, °Consilia aut linquas °sus lutulenta °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Whoever you are, when you take the sacred °scriptures in your hands, be free from Tilth as you seek the way of °salvation. In whatever direction you turn [your thoughts], first remove the flesh's foulness, or else you must abandon, mud-stained °pig that you are, the °counsels of "God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.8; Minerva Britanna, 10. Duplicate: Harl, 1.7. SOURCES: [In left margin beside second line of epigram] Hesiod[, Opera et Dies, 724-5]. Au Aei6eiv x^Qoiv KVITITOK; BAS D lib. i. p. 10. But when yee read the scripture reade it with a sanctified and a chast heart: admire reverently such obscure places as yee under stand not et c. Hieron[ymus]: [Epist.] adDemetriadfem, 130]: virginem. SintScripturaeDivinae semper in manibus; etiugitermente volvantur nee sufficere tibi putes mandata Dei memoria tenere et operibus oblivisci, sed imo ilia cognosce ut facias quicquid dediceris. Tibullus lib. 2. Elegia. l.[13f.] Casta placent superis casta cum veste venite, Et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam.

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LATIN MOTTO: Eo magis "caligat It [the mind] is Marker than that [the sun] PICTURE: At top centre a golden °sun. Below are two crossed °lances, each with a flame at the tip. EPIGRAM: Debile in immensam °lucem quid figere lumen, Niteris et summi prendere °XQi5iiTa °Dei; °Caligans °oculis hebetatae et acumine °mentis, Dum petis °igniculis alta negata tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why do you strive to fix your feeble eyes upon the boundless °light and to grasp the °secrets of °God on high as, with your °eyes "darkened and the keenness of your °mind dulled, you seek after the lofty [secrets] denied to your little °sparks [of understanding]? REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 1.9; Minerva Britanna, 109. SOURCES: BAS: D lib. 1. p. 10 Prease not curiously to seeke out (in the Scriptures) farther then is contained therein, for that were over unmannerlie a presumption, to strive to bee further upon Gods secrets, then hee hath will yee bee: for what hee hath thought needefull for us to know that hath hee revealed there. Lactant[ius]: lib divinae institfutiones] advers[us] Gent[ium]. lib. 2 cap. 3. Falsum intelligare, est quidem sapientiae sed humanae, ultra gradum hunc, ab homine procedi non potest.

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LATIN MOTTO: "Psalmi °Davidici The °Psalms of °David PICTURE: A "key-ring with eight °keys. EPIGRAM: °Clavibus innexis °hymnos °Hilarius aptat, °Iessei cecinit quos pia °Musa °senis; Et vere innumeros aditus hi quippe recludant Mens quibus aetherei pulsat Asyla "Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Hilary compares to a set of "keys the "hymns which the godly "Muse of the "o man, the son of "Jesse, sang. And truly, may these hymns indeed unlock the countless approaches by which the mind knocks at the sanctuary of the heavenly "God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.9; Harl, 1.8; Minerva Britanna, 9. SOURCES: B AS. lib i pag 11 As for teaching you the forme of your praiers, the psalmes of David are the meetest Schoole-maister that yee can bee acquainted with (next the praier of our Saviour which is the onely rule of praier) whereout of as of most rich fountaines, yee may learne all forme of praier necessarie for your comfort at all occasions.

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LATIN MOTTO: °lachrymosa °piorum, vita The °tear-filled life of the °holy PICTURE: At left some °birds flying. At right a tree. On one branch is perched a solitary bluish-coloured bird (°turtle-dove) with purple beak and feet. In the background a landscape with a house and a windmill. EPIGRAM: °Vere novo, cantat °coccyx, dum garrit °alauda, Triste gemens, solus °Turtur opaca petit: Mens °pia secessus quaerit, pertaesa catervam, Obstrepit et semper garrula °turba °bonis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: In the early °spring, the "cuckoo sings and the °lark chirps, [but] the solitary °turtle-dove, sadly wailing, looks for the shady places. The "godly mind seeks out retreats, wearied of the crowds, but the babbling "throng always disturbs the "good. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.10; Harl, 1.10; Minerva Britanna, 110. SOURCES: [BAS. DOR.] Use often to praie when you are quietest, et c. Math: 6[.6a.] Tu cum oraveris, intra in cubiculum tuum, et clause ostio, ora patrem tuum in abscondito. Seneca in Hyppolito [483-5] Non alia magis est libera, et vitio carens. Ritusq[ue] melius vita quae priscos colat, Quam quae relictis moenibus silvas amat. Hieron: contra Iovimanu[?] Si hominum inopia fuerit sapiens loquitur cum Deo Nunquam bonus solus eris.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 1.11

LATIN MOTTO: °Spe contra nitente °Hope struggling against [adversity] PICTURE: A °tree without leaves. Fierce °winds blow upon it from left and right.

EPIGRAM: Hei licet adversae lacerent mihi °membra °procellae Et °Boreas saevis faucibus usq[ue] fremat Haec mea qua maceror °nymbos °patientia vincet °Nubibus et pulsis tempora °veris erunt. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Ah, though hostile °blasts tear my °limbs and the "North Wind ever roars from a savage throat, this °endurance of mine, whereby I am made lean, will overcome the °storms, and when the clouds have been driven away, it will be °spring time. REFERENCE: Duplicates: Rawl, 1.12; Harl, 1.11. SOURCES: BAS. D lib. 1. pag: 15. And when yee obtaine your praier thanke him ioyfully therefore, if otherwise beare patiently, preasing to winne him with opportunitie As the widdow did the unrighteous ludge: and if notwithstanding therefore yee bee not heard, assure your self God forseeth, that which yee aske is not for your weale: and learne in time so to interprete all the adversities that God shall send you; so shall yee in the middest of them not onely bee armed with patience, but ioyfully lift up your eies from the present trouble to the happie end that God will turne it too. And when yee find it once so to fall out by proofe Arme your selfe with the experience thereof against the next trouble assuring your self though you cannot in time of ye shower, see through the cloude, yet in the end you shall find God sent it for your weale, as yee found in the former. Gregorfy of Nazianzus, Homilia]: super Ezechielem [12.] Donis suis Deus flagella permiscet, ut nobis omne quod in seculo delectabit amarescat.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

139

Royal, .1.12

LATIN MOTTO: Nusquam °tuta Nowhere °safe PICTURE: A °deer (°stag) wounded in the shoulder by a °arrow.

EPIGRAM: Quam fixit fugitat °Dictaeus °arundine °pastor °Cerva, tamen nullis °convalitura locis: Quern mala °mens torquet ceu laesus ubiq[ue] pererrat °Vulnere neglecto quod miser intus alit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A °deer, which a °Cretan °shepherd has struck with an °arrow, flees in haste but will not be °healed anywhere. [So,] he who is tormented by a bad Conscience wanders about everywhere like someone injured by a °wound which is neglected and which he, wretch that he is, nurtures inwardly. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 4. SOURCES: [In left margin at head of epigram] Virg: Aeneid vi [should be iv.73.] heret lateri laethalis harundo. BAS: D lib i pag. 14. And as for conscience which I called the conserver of Religion it is nothing els but the light of knowledge that God hath planted in man which ever watching over all his actions, as it beareth him a ioiefull testimonie when hee does right, so it choppeth him with a feeling that hee hath done wrong, et c. Plutarch de animi tranquill[itate, 476f]: Ovid, [Amores. Elegiae] lib i.[4.45f.] Multa miser timeo quia feci multa proterve, Exempliq[ue] metu torqueor ipse mei.

140

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 1.13

LATIN MOTTO: Cui °candor "morte redemptus One whose dazzling "whiteness is bought at the cost of °death PICTURE: An °ermin, white with black spots, pursued to the edge of a °stream by two °dogs. EPIGRAM: Quod °maculae impatiens °flammasq[ue] agitere per °undas °Candidulae insano °pellis amore fera Hoc °Tyrio °Heroas superaris °murice tinctos Et quibus est nee °mens °candida °fama °fides. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: In the fact that you, not tolerating any °stain, are driven through °fire and fierce in your excessive love for a spotlessly °white °pelt - in this you would surpass °heroes stained with °Tyrian °purple and those whose Understanding, deputation, or °faith is not dazzling °white. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.13; Harl, 1.12; Minerva Britanna, 75. SOURCES: BAS. D. lib. 1. pag. 15. Above all then my sonne labour to keepe sound this conscience which many prattle of, but overfew feele; especially bee carefull to keepe it free from twoo diseases, wherewith it useth oft to bee infected, to Leaprosie and Superstition, the former is the mother of Atheisme, the other of Heresie. Paulus 2 ad Corinth[ios, 1.12]. Gloria nostra haec est, testimonium conscientiae nostrae quod in simplicitate cordis & sinceritate Dei & non in sapientia carnali, sed in gratia Dei conversati sumus in hoc mundo. Euripides in Orestefs, 395-6].

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Royal, 1.14

GREEK MOTTO: "OIAATTIA °Self-Love PICTURE: A °woman (°Philautia) in purple dress and head-dress. In her right hand she holds up a °mirror. With her left, she holds a blue-green °snake. EPIGRAM: Cur °virgo incedis °Philautia? PH.°virginis °ora Malit °amor. °serpens quid sinuosa manu? PH. Pectora °virus alit. °speculum sed consulis. inde PH. Cetera dedignor dum mea sola placent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: 'Why do you appear as a °maiden, O °Self-Love?' (Self-Love:) 'Love would prefer a °maiden's °face.' 'But why is there a wriggling °snake in your hand?' (Self-Love:) 'Her °poison feeds rny breast.' 'But you are looking in a °mirror. Why?' (Self-Love:) 'I disdain everything else as long as my own [beauties] please me.' REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.16; Harl, 1.13; Minerva Britanna, SOURCES: BAS: D: lib 1 pag. 16. Let not your self bee smoothed over with that flattering IAATTIA, which is over kindly a sicknes to all mankind but censure your self as sharpely as if you were your owne enimie. De (jnAocuTia copiose Aristoteles Ethicorum lib. 8 [9], cap. 8.[1]

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LATIN MOTTO: Nee °metuo nee °opto I neither °fear nor °wish PICTURE: A °hand from a red sleeve and °clouds at right holdsa°skull. EPIGRAM: Perge tuo laute genio indulgere °Philippe °Imperium cernis quam brevis hora manet: Non properans timeo °lethum mens conscia °recti. Inculcat quovis tempore °CHRISTE VENI. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Come, my refined °Philip, indulge your talents. You see how short a time remains for your °authority. I do not fear sudden death, having an understanding that knows the °right and prompts seasonably [with the prayer], 'Come O °Christ!' REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 1.11; Harl, 1.14; Minerva Britanna, 8. SOURCES: BASIL: D. lib i pag. 17.1 would not have you to pray with the Papistes, to bee preserved from suddaine death, but that God would give you grace so to live, as you may every hower of your life, bee ready for death. Luc[a] 12.[40.] Ideo et vos estote parati, quia qua hora non putabitis filius hominis veniet. Seneca. Epistfulae] 86.[70.6.] Stultum est timere quod non possis vitare, mortem non effugit, qui distulit. Moriar nee primus nee ultimus, omnes me Antecesserunt, omnes sequentur, hac conditione intravi ut exirem.

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Royal, 1.16

LATIN MOTTO: °Vae, vae °Woe, woe PICTURE: An open "book with brown °wings at each side. A °city with spires below. EPIGRAM: Dum °Sodoma immissos horret sibi °coelitus °ignes, Terga sua et °Nemesi dat paricida °Nero; Advolitans coelo °liber hie requievit in ilium, Numina periuro qui vocat °ore °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: While °Sodom shudders at the °fires from "heaven sent down upon her, and the matricide, °Nero, flees before °Retribution, this °book flying down from heaven halts upon the person who invokes the power of °God with perjuring °mouth. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 1.15; Minerva Britanna, 140. SOURCES: [In left margin beside third line of epigram] Zachariae cap 5 vers. 3. et. 4. BAS: D. lib i. pag. 17. Especially beware to offend your conscience, with the use of swearing or lying, suppose but in ieast, for oathes are but an use and a sinne cloathed with no delite nor gaine. et c. Claudian. [Epigrammata 25.5-6.] In prolem dilata ruunt periuria patris Et poenam merito filius ore luit Euripides. [Iphegenia at Aulis, 394-5.]

COMMENTS: The 'perjurio ... ore' of the epigram refers to the 'swearers' on whom the flying roll descends in Zechariah 5:1.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Vigil utrinq[ue] °Watchful on each side PICTURE: A °beacon on top of a small mound. On top is perched a brown °cockerel with a red comb. EPIGRAM: °Peccatis totos ne vos °sopor occupet, °aede Excubias perago nocte dieq[ue] °pias; Cumq[ue] gregi °Daemon Marte insidiatur aperto, Littore ab aequoreo °taeda cavere iubet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Lest deep °sleep overpower all of you in your °sins, I keep a °godly watch the °house night and day. And when a °demon threatens the flock with open hostility, a °torch on the seashore bids [me] to beware. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 1.17; Minerva Britanna, 139. SOURCES: [In left margin beside picture] Esai. 21 [.8.] Super speculam Domini ego sum stans fugiter per diem Ezechiel. 3. Speculatorem dedi te. BAS: D lib 1 pag. 19. And when any of the spirituall office bearers in the Church speaketh unto you any thing that is well warranted by the word, reverence and obey them as the Heraulds of the most high God, but if passing that boundes they urge you to embrace Gregor[y of Nazianzus]: in Ezechiel: Homil: 11 [should be 19]. Quisquis populi speculator ponitur, in alto debet stare per vitam, ut possit prodesse per providentiam. COMMENTS: The quotation from the Basilikon Doron that here breaks off in midsentence is continued in the next emblem.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

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Royal, 1.18

LATIN MOTTO: °Omen habet "pietas °Godliness enjoys a [divine] °sign PICTURE: The °head of a man (°Romulus). In his hair is woven some golden stalks of °wheat. Upon the head is a priest's white °fillet. EPIGRAM: °Romule quid niveis ornet tibi tempora vittis °Infula, et exilem cingat °arista comam? Summa ministrorum °Divum et reverentia °reges. Quos iuvat, hos rerum copia certa beat. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Romulus, why would a °fillet adorn your brow with snow-white bands, and why would an ear of "wheat bind your scanty locks? °Kings who delight in the highest reverence for the servants of the °gods are blessed with a sure abundance of things. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] vide Liviam Primus inter Arvales fratres Romulus BAS. D: lib 1 pag. 20. any of their fantasies in the place of Gods word, or would coulour their particulars with a pretended Zeale, acknowledge them for no other then vaine men, exeeding the boundes of their calling; and according to your office, gravely and with authoritie redact them into office. COMMENTS: The quotation from Basilikon Doron follows directly on from that which ended in midsentence in the previous emblem.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Humanae °traditiones °Human traditions

PICTURE EPIGRAM: Spreta areo tandem °lapidum compage soluta. Nee terrae °ramos rebar egere meos; Sic freta elanguent, humano cuncta cerebro, Ut fugiant stabilis, °foedera firma °Dei. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Spurned I am, and parched at last, as the °stone structure has crumbled. I did think my "branches would lack soil. Similarly, all things that rely on human ingenuity will wither as they flee the secure °laws of a steadfast °God. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Had, 1.16; Minerva Britanna, 6. SOURCES: BAS. D. lib. 1. pag. 18. For keeping your conscience sound from the sicknes of superstition, ye must neither lay the safety of your conscience upon the credit of your owne conceipts, nor yet of other mens humors how great Doctours of Divinitie that ever they bee, but yee must onely ground it upon expresse Scripture. Ovid 4 de Ponto [ex Ponto Epistulae, 4.3.35f]. Omnia sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo Et subito casu quae valuere ruunt. COMMENTS: Following this emblem is represented the royal arms of England as used by King James I. Unlike the same device in the Harleian manuscript, however, the representation here, which forms a division between Books 1 and 2, is not accompanied by a title or an epigram. The arms are supported by two fanciful putti, one holding purple thistles (to represent Scotland) and the other holding red and white roses (to represent England).

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Royal, 2.1

LATIN MOTTO: Auspice °coelo By the favour of °heaven PICTURE: A °hand extends from the °clouds and supports a heraldic °shield upon which are three gold °fleurs-de-lis upon a blue heraldic field. Below is a landscape with a spired church at left and trees at right. EPIGRAM: Aurea °coeruleo quae gestat °Lilia °campo °Gallia, de °coelo iactitat esse sibi; °Omine vicisti meliore °BRITANNIA, °Regem Ostentas, florem °Gallia sola suum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The golden "lilies, which shine across the sea-blue plain, Trance boasts to be its own from °heaven. But you, °Britain, have conquered under a better °sign, for you display your °king; but Trance alone displays just its own flower. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.5; Harl, 2.4; Minerva Britanna, 15. SOURCES: Blond[ius]. [Workunlocated] Trois crapauds[?]. Trialiliacoelitus s[?] clithoveo vulgo creditur delatacum antea tres bufones in argenteo clipeo gestaret.

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LATIN MOTTO: Sic °pacem habemus In this way, we have °peace PICTURE: Two °lions rampant hold a gold °crown between them. The dexter lion is gold (the English heraldic lion) and the sinister lion is red (the Scottish heraldic lion). EPIGRAM: Sustentant unum gemini "diadema °leones, "Principe °concordes, °relligione simul, °Lingua, °amor et °leges, °mare, °terra eademq[ue] °fidesq[ue]; Nata quibus °pax haec °inviolanda manet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The twin °lions uphold one °crown, in Agreement regarding the °king and also regarding °religion. [Its] °language, °love, and °laws, °ocean, "land, and °faith are the same, and this °peace, born from them, remains °inviolable. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.1; Duplicate: Harl, 2.1; Minerva Britanna, 11. COMMENTS: This emblem, like that preceding it, is labelled as 'Emblema Primum'. Peacham records no sourc

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149

Royal, 2.3

LATIN MOTTO: °Securitas altera A second [source of] °safety PICTURE: A silver °portcullis with gold chains, above which is a gold °crown. EPIGRAM: Obsessis ut opem certo °munimine praestem Quae non sustineo damna creata mihi; Sis °cataracta tuis (animose °Monarcha) °Britannis, Intus et invenies pectora firma tibi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: So that I may offer help to the besieged with a sure fortification, what I do not support has been made to become my loss [i.e., the loss becomes my responsibility]. Be the °portcullis for your °British people, proud °monarch, and you will find inside hearts loyal to you. REFERENCE: Duplicate: Harl, 2.3; Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 31. COMMENTS: Peacham records no sources.

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i Royal, 2.4

LATIN MOTTO: Quern °plantavi °irrigabo That which I °planted, I will °water PICTURE: A °hand extends from °clouds. It holds a red °watering-can from which °water falls upon a clump of purple °thistles and red °roses. EPIGRAM: °Terror hie °hostilis,°Cypriae sacra ilia puellae °Carduus unanimes et °rosa verna virent: Quae °gelidus °coelo foecundans °imber ab alto, °Omina dat °regnis summe °IACOBE tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The first a °terror to the °enemy, and the second consecrated to the °Cyprian woman [i.e., °Venus], the wild °thistle and the spring °rose bloom together and the cold °rain nourishing them from high °heaven, gives a divine °sign, Great °James, to your °kingdoms. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.7; Harl, 2.6; Minerva Britanna, 12. COMMENTS: Peacham records no sources.

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Royal, 2.5

LATIN MOTTO: °Hibernica Respub: The °Irish realm PICTURE: A gold °harp. At right is a leafless °tree, upon which sits a °bird. EPIGRAM: Cum mea nativo squallerent °sceptra °cruore Edoq[ue] lugubres undiq[ue] fracta °modos Ille redux nervos distendens °Phoebe "rebelles Obstupet ad nostros °Orpheus ipse °sonos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Though my "sceptres are clotted with my own °blood and broken everyw I pour forth mournful °measures. The [renowned] 0Orpheus himself come back, plucking away at the °rebellious °strings, is struck dumb, O °Phoebus, at our "music. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.4; Minerva Britanna, 45. COMMENTS: The heraldic harp of Ireland, a country synonymous with rebellion in the late sixteenth century, frequently provided English authors with a literary conceit having to do with discordant music (political rebellion) and harmony (political stability and peace). The king of England had been king of Ireland since Henry VIII's reign. At the accession of James I of England, the quartered arms of France and England were placed in the first and fourth quarters, Scotland in the second, and the harp of Ireland in the third. All these heraldic motifs are thus represented, along with the heraldic rose of England and thistle of Scotland, in the opening five emblems of Book 2. Peacham records no sources for this emblem.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.6

LATIN MOTTO: °Lux °publica °princeps The °king is the °light of his "people PICTURE: A °candle with a °flame at the top. The flame is surrounded by eight other smaller candles. At bottom left is the rising °sun. EPIGRAM: Quo fugis °imperii quisquis moderaris habenas Ceu procul illucens °flamma benigna tuis °Lumina quae reddas hinc inde, imitamina morum °Regis ad exemplum, °plebs numerosa rapit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Wherever you flee, and whoever you are who guide the reins of °authority, you are like a °fire giving °light from afar and beneficent to your own people, and the radiance which you give off in every direction is seized by the multitude of °commoners as a spur to their own behaviour after the example of their °king. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.8; Harl, 2.9; Minerva Britanna, 52. SOURCES: BAS D: lib 2 pag 24. For the people are naturallie inclined to counterfaite (like Apes) their Princes manners According to the notable saing of PLATO expressed by the Poet - Componitur orbis Regis ad exemplum nee sic inflectere sensus Humanos edicta valent, quam vita regentis. Heroditus lib. 6.[27.] Sapfientia]: 6.[23.] Diligite lumen Sapientiae qui praestis populo.

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Royal, 2.7

LATIN MOTTO: Minimi post °fata The least after "death PICTURE: The blue and white °tomb of °Domitian. Above it are °flies. On the side of the tomb is the "inscription: 'S. IMPDOMIT'. EPIGRAM: Sponte °pios °Reges °reveremur, at arte °Tyrannos Arte regunt itidem, °funere et arte cadunt: Vellicat extinctum cum °turba togata "Neronem °Muscula et illudit, "DOMITIANE, tibi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: We "revere upright "kings, but "tyrants by constraint. The latter also rule by force, and they fall to their "deaths shortly [before their time]. So the "mob in togas taunts the dead "Nero, and the "fly mocks you, O "Domitian. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.9; Harl, 2.10; Minerva Britanna, 144. SOURCES: [In left margin beside first line of epigram and referring to 'arte'] Soph[ocles]. in Aiace [Ajax, 1350]. BAS D lib 2 p: 26. A Tyrantes miserable and infamous life armeth in end his owne subiectes to bee his burreaux et c. Senecaf, Phaedra, 518-20.] Sollicito bibunt Auro superbi quam iuvat Nuda manu captasse fontem?

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LATIN MOTTO: Ex °malis moribus °bonae °leges From °evil practices, "good °laws [can come] PICTURE: A °shepherd in a brown hat, red jacket, and blue breeches impales a blue °snake with his °crook. EPIGRAM: °Afra venenato pupugit quem °vipera morsu °Dux gregis °antidotum laesus. ab hoste petit; Vipereis itidem °leges ex moribus aptas, Doctus °Apollinea conficit arte °SOLON, TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A °shepherd of his flock who has been wounded by an °African °snake's poisonous bite seeks, thus wounded, an °antidote from the enemy. Likewise, a °Solon, instructed in °Apollo's art, fashions °laws fitted to snake-like behaviour. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.10; Harl, 2.12; Minerva Britanna, 34. SOURCES: [BAS. DOR] I remit the making of lawes to your owne discretion, as yee shall find the necessitie of new rising corruptions to require them, for ex malis moribus bonae leges, et c. Ovid Metam[orphoses, 10.244f and 229-31]: - vitiis quae plurima menti Foemineae Natura dedit humana malignas Cura dedit leges et c. Plutarch. [Work unlocated. Actual source appears to be Democritus Philosophus, Fragmenta, 248.]

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Royal, 2.9

LATIN MOTTO: °Severus vere °securus He who is °strict is truly °secure PICTURE: An inverted brown vertical °lance (°spear) from which sprout green °branches. EPIGRAM: °Omina °Caesareis dederat quae prima triumphis Fronde peremanti °Romulea °hasta viret; Arguet °imperium inclemens, °regemq[ue] severum, Tempora quern partae °pacis opima beant. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °spear of °Romulus, which first gave [divine] °signs at imperial triumphs, is green with its straggling foliage. It will betoken a harsh °rule and a strict °monarch whom the bountiful age of the achieved °peace blesses. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.12; Harl, 2.13. SOURCES: [In left margin beside second line of epigram, referring to 'Romulea'.] [Ovid,] Metam[orphoses]: 15.[560-4.] BAS D lib 2 p 29 A iust severitie to be used at the first [This line in left margin] Therefore bee yee contrarie, at your first entrie to your kingdome To that quinquennium Neronis with his tender hearted wish Vellem nescirem literas. et c. [Ovid,] Metam[orphoses] 15[.560-4.] Utqfue] Palatinis herentem collibis olim. Cum subito vidit frondescere Romulus hastam, Quae radice nova, non ferro stabat adacto, Et iam non telum, sed lenti viminis arbor; Non expectatas dabat admirantibus umbras.

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LATIN MOTTO: Cum °severitate °lenitas Even in °harshness, [there is] °mercy PICTURE: A °rainbow and falling °rain. EPIGRAM: Complexa horrisonum °Thaumantis ab aethere °nymbum, °Vindictae tandem dictitat esse modum; Sic genus °humanum saevis immerserat °undis, Sic dedit haec °pacis coelica signa °DEUS. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Having embraced from the upper sky the roaring °rainstorm, the daught °Thaumas [i.e., °Iris] declares at last there is a limit to °punishment. So when °God had drowned the °human race in a savage °flood, he gave in this way this heavenly sign of °peace. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.14; Minerva Britanna, 77. SOURCES: BAS D. lib: p: 30 And when yee have by the severitie of lustice, once setled your Countries; and made them know that yee can strike then may you thereafter all the daies of your life, mixe lustice with mercie, punishing or sparing as yee shall find ye Crime to have beene wilfully or rashly committed, and according to ye by-past behaviour of the committer.

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157

Royal, 2.11

LATIN MOTTO: Me nemo °impune "lacessit No one °attacks me °unpunished PICTURE: A golden °crown. At each side is a "pyramid. Around each pyramid is entwined a green °snake. EPIGRAM: Sacra °fides °regum sacer et locus iste, °poetae Parcite °sceptrigeris °meie prophane procul: Pingo meos °angues, insurgunt numina laesa, Nee subeant narem °plebs malefida tuam. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Sacred is the "trust of °kings, and sacred is also your place, O °poets. Spare the °sceptre-bearers; °piss far away, O you uninitiated! I portray my "snakes; wounded majesty rises. Let the ill-counselling °commoners not come near your nose. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.15; Minerva Britanna, 137. SOURCES: [In left margin beside third line of epigram] Aeneid. 11 [104.] Nullum cum victis certamen et aethere cassis. [In right margin beside third line of epigram] Persius BAS D: lib: 2. pag. 32. Heere would I also eike another crime to bee unpardonable It is then the false and unreverent writing or speaking of malicious men against your parentes and praedecessors. Seneca. Herculfeus] fur[ens, 353]: Ars prima Regni insidiam[?] pati

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LATIN MOTTO: °Oppressio °Opression PICTURE: A "tree (°ash tree) with green leaves at centre. Close to it grow °crops. To the right is a house. EPIGRAM: °Enecat infoelix lethali °fraxinus umbra, Subiectas °segetes, °rustica turba refert: Immites °Dominos notet haec, sua stemmata late "Plebeculae exitio qui propagare solent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The unlucky °ash tree "kills with its deadly shadow, [so that] the °country people bring back the flattened °crops. Let this signify harsh °masters who are accustomed to extend their lineage far and wide at the cost of the destruction of the little °people. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.16. SOURCES: B AS D: lib 2 pag. 34. Bee diligent therefore to try, and awfull to beate downe ye homes of proud oppressors: embrace the quarrel of the poore and distressed: thinking it your greatest honour to represse the oppressours. et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

159

Royal, 2.13

LATIN MOTTO: °Iustitiae Symbolum A symbol of "justice PICTURE: Three men in long robes [°Thebans]. The man in the centre has a white beard and wears a violet robe, and those to the right and left wear red. The men on the right and left have had their °hands cut off. EPIGRAM: Truncatis "manibus medio uni lumine casso luncta duum cernas ora verenda °senum; Symbola °Thebanis fuerant haec °iudicis aequi Affectus quern nee turpia °dona movent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You may discern the venerable countenances of two °old men with their °hand lopped off; they are next to the one in the middle who is deprived of sight. These were, among the °Thebans, the symbols of the feelings of a righteous °judge who cannot be swayed by base °gifts. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Harl, 2.29. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] Plutarch in libello: de Iside [et Osiride, 355A]. BAS D lib 2. p: 35. lustice should bee blind and freindless: it is not there you should reward your frendes or seeke to crosse your enimies. COMMENTS: The passage in Plutarch cited by Peacham explains that in Thebes there were statues of judges without hands. The statue of the chief judge had its eyes closed to indicate that justice is not influenced by gifts or intercession.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.14

LATIN MOTTO: °Rex °Medicus °patriae The °king is the "physician of his °country PICTURE: A red °dragon standing upon a green mound. It carries a golden °sceptre in its right forepaw. EPIGRAM: Quae °mala contraxit °populus °contagia morum, Ne pigeat °medica tot resecasse manu; (Et °Reges olim iuvit °medecina), °venenis Hinc citus occurras, quae valuere mora. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let it not cause any regret to cut out with °healing hand all the many °evil °infections of behaviour the °populace has contracted. °Kings, too, were helped by the [art of] °medicine a long time ago. So respond quickly to °poisons which have grown strong through delay. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.17; Minerva Britanna, 30. SOURCES: [In left margin above and beside first line of epigram] Ovid Metam[orphoses]: 15.[742.] Aesculapius medicinae Deus in draconem versus. BAS D. lib. 2 pag 37. And that you may the readier with wisedome and lustice governe your subiectes, by knowing what vices they are naturally most inclyned to as a good Physitian who must first know what peccant humours his patient naturally is most subiect to. et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

161

Royal, 2.15

LATIN MOTTO: Cui °cedet To whom it will °yield PICTURE: A tall golden °candle with a °flame at the tip. Three disembodied °hands grasp the candle. In the background is a landscape that includes a windmill on a hill and a church. EPIGRAM: Perdita °Avarities, et dira °superbia °pestis °Christiadum, infoelix °Ambitioq[ue] simul: Certatim ut tentent extinguere °lampada °verbi Ni tua succurrat °CHRISTE miserte manus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Reckless °greed and awful °arrogance, together with calamitous °ambition [are a°plague among °Christians. How they would try emulously [among each other] to put out the °torches of the °Word if your hand, O merciful °Christ, did not come to the rescue. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.18; Minerva Britanna, 3 SOURCES: BAS. D. lib. 2 pag 38. The naturall sicknes that have ever troubled, and beene the decay of all the Churches since the beginning of ye world changing the Candlestick from one to another, as Ihon saith, have been Pride, Ambition, and Avarice, et c. COMMENTS: In the epigram, 'infelix' can go grammatically with either 'pestis' or 'ambitio' for the sake of rhetorical balance, 'ambitio' has been taken as following the pattern of 'perdita Avarities ... dire superbia ... infelix Ambitio.' The word 'miserte' may be a neologism, coined on the basis of the late Latin 'miserator', meaning 'pitier', or 'merciful one.'

162

Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.16

LATIN MOTTO: Parens °paritas °confusionis °Equality is the mother of "confusion PICTURE: A °table with a green tablecloth upon which is a seven-stringed °lute. There is a purple canopy at left. EPIGRAM: °Tedia quae tereti solet indere °barbitos °auri °Lesbia, disparibus cum sonet icta °modis Haec eadem °paritas tua, °sponsa (°Ecclesia) °Christi Cum °paria esse vides °membra, subinde parit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: What sense of °annoyance a "Lesbian °lyre is accustomed to impart to a refined °ear, whenever it is plucked to sound with undifferentiated "measures. This same feeling will be produced, by "equality within you, O "Church, "bride of °Christ, whenever you see your "members being "equal. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.13; Harl, 2.36. SOURCES: BAS: D lib 2 p: 41 Paritie the mother of confusion and enimie to Unitie which is the mother of ordour. COMMENTS: Minerva Britanna, 171, cites Augustine (work unlocated) with reference to 'paritas'.

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163

Roval, 2.17

GREEK MOTTO: Let there be one °ruler PICTURE: A °hand extending from a purple sleeve and holding a golden °sceptre, at the tip of which is the °sun. EPIGRAM: Nulla tulit rapidus praeter sua °lumina °Titan, Innumeris gaudent °astra minora choris; Infima °plebs °hominum melius numerosa vagatur, Cum maneant °Reges fata sinistra pares. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Swift °Titan carries no "light but his own, while the lesser °stars rejoice in their uncounted choirs. The lowest common °masses of °humankind wander better in huge numbers, but an unhappy fate awaits °kings who are on an equal footing. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.15; Harl, 2.20; Minerva Britanna, 105. SOURCES: [In left margin beside first two lines of epigram] Homer[, Iliad, 2.204.] BAS D lib 2 p. 43. Their conceited paritie whereof I have spoken and their other imaginary groundes, can neither stand with the ordour of the Church, not the peace of a Common-weale and well ruled Monarchy: Seneca in Thyeste. Regnum non duos capit. Neque mundus duos Soles. COMMENTS: The motto is from Homer, Iliad 2.204.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.18

LATIN MOTTO: °Temperantia °Self-control (°temperance) PICTURE: A woman [Temperance]. She wears a red and gold headdress and a violet dress. In her right hand she holds up a cup of purple °fruit (°grapes). In her left hand she holds a °bridle. EPIGRAM: Quae rego °virtutes placido moderamine cunctas, °Affectusq[ue] potens sum °Dea °SOPHROSYNE; Mortales coecos doceo cohibere °furores °SUSTINEO, °ABSTINEO, displicet OMNE °NIMIS. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I who rule all °virtues and °feelings with [my] gentle reign am the mighty °goddess Temperance (°Sophrosyne). I teach mortals to restrain their blind °passions. I °hold back and I °abstain; every °excess displeases [me]. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 93. SOURCES: BAS D: lib 2 Make Temperance the Queene of all other virtues within you. I meane not by the vulgar interpretation of Temperance, which onely consistes in gustu and Tactu, by ye moderating of these twoo senses but I meane of that wise moderation that first commaunding your self, shall shall [sic] as a Queene commaund all the affections and passions of your mind.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

165

Royal, 2.19

LATIN MOTTO: Tides "coniugalis °Marital "fidelity PICTURE: A °nest with two °halcyons floating upon the °sea. Above fly other °birds. EPIGRAM: °Coniugii °CEYCE suo dat pignora certi, Aequoreis volitans rupibus °ALCYONE; Seu curam spectes iactatae prolis in °undis, Intemerata velis foedera sive °tori. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let °Alcyone, fluttering around the seashore rocks, give pledges to her °Ceyx of their indissoluble °marriage. Either behold their care for their offspring, tossed about amidst the °waves, or you might wish [to note] the unblemished bond of their °marriage-bed. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.19; Harl, 2.27; Minerva Britanna, 92. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] [Ovid,] Metam[orphoses]: 1 l.[743f.] BAS D lib 2 p. 80 When yee are married keep, inviolablie your promise made to God in your marriage; w[hi]ch standeth all in doing of one thing and abstaining from another to treate her in all thinges as your wife and the half of your self, et [c] [Ovid,] Metam[orphoses]: ll[.743f.] Tune quoqfue] mansit amor nee coniugale solutum est Foedus in alitibus coeunt fiuntq[ue] pare[n]tes.

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Royal, 2.20

LATIN MOTTO: Huic maior °fastus. Ad °Vanum °puritanicae sectae assertorem Greater °arrogance in this man. To a "conceited follower of the °Puritan sect PICTURE: A wide-brimmed black °hat placed over a golden °crown. EPIGRAM: °Iane °Pharisaici tibi mitto haec symbola °fastus Quo, modo sub ficta °relligione tumes: Mentita qualem rigidus °pietate °cucullus, °Pellaei iuvenis nee °diadema tegit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I send you, °Janus [°two-faced fellow], this symbol of your °Pharisee-like °arrogance, with which you are quite puffed up beneath your feigned Religiousness; such arrogance your °hat, stiff with false °piety, does not hide the °crown of the °Pellaean youth [°Alexander the Great]. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.14; Harl, 2.19; Minerva Britanna, 171. SOURCES: BAS D lib 2 p 41. Take heede therefore my Somme to such puritans very pestes in the Church and common weale. et c BAS D lib 2 p: 87 Surelie there is more pride under such a ones black bonnet, then under Alexander the great his diadem.

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167

Royal, 2.21

LATIN MOTTO: °Facundia "Eloquence PICTURE: "Mercury, wearing armour and a purple cloak and carrying his °caduceus in his right hand, leads a °monster with different types of °horns and the °heads of many different animals. EPIGRAM: Quale tibi °monstrum °Mercuri, quae tulit ora Die age, tot °capita et °cornua dira gerens? Est varii °affectus °plebs, quam quocunq[ue] periti Flectit ad arbitrium °lingua °diserta viri. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: What shore has produced such a "monster for you, O "Mercury, [one] bearing so many horrible "heads and "horns? Come, tell us! It is the common "masses with their fickle "emotions, [the masses] which the "eloquent "tongue of a learned man can turn in any direction according to his pleasure. SOURCES: BAS. D. lib 2 p 46 Bee in your giving accesse so open and affable to to [sic] every ranke of honest persons, as may make them pearte without Scarring at you, to make their owne suites to you themselves, et c.

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Royal, 2.22

LATIN MOTTO: °Commercia vana Vain °commerce PICTURE: An °ape with a °hobby-horse, a toy "windmill, and other items, including beads. The ape is seated upon a green mound. EPIGRAM: "Vellera divendit °Belgis laudata °Britannum Sed °nugas referens °NAUPALUS inde domum Vellere factus eques volitat novus alter °IASON, Vilescit (rides?) velleris ordo nimis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Our °Naupalus sells much-praised "British °wool to the "Netherlander, b home from there only °trifles. Another and new °Jason, made a °knight by his wool, rushes about, for that rank [of men made from] wool - do you laugh? - is quite worthless. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.21; Minerva Britanna, 168. SOURCES: B AS D lib 2. p. 49 & 50 The Merchantes thinke the whole commonweale ordained for making them up & accounting it their lawfull gaine and trade to enrich themselves upon the losse of of [sic] the rest of the people, they transport from us thinges necessarie; bringing back some times thinges unnecessary. They buy for us the worst wares et c. COMMENTS: In the epigram, 'Naupalus' may be a neologistic name, from the Greek 'naus' meaning 'ship' and 'palos' meaning 'lot'; this translates as 'ship-adventurer'.

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169

Royal, 2.23

LATIN MOTTO: °Hilaritas °Merriment PICTURE: A woman (°Laetitia) seated upon an °elephant. She wears a green dress and a green and gold °crown. In her left hand she holds a green °wreath. EPIGRAM: °Caesarea exhilaro quae lusibus °amphitheatra, Cognita °Martigenis, sum °dea °LAETITIA Nutriat inq[ue] vicem °concordia °plebis °amorem, Undiq[ue] °rurales dicto proboq[ue] °iocos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I who gladden "Caesar's "amphitheatres with [my] games am the °goddess °Delight, well known to the °Mars-descended people, as °harmony nourishes in turn the °love of the common °people and I recommend and approve °rustic °entertainments everywhere. SOURCES: BAS D: lib 2 p. 53 Certaine daies in the yeare would bee appointed, for delighting the people with publicque spectacles of all honest Games & exercise of armes; as also for conveening of neighbours, for entertaining frendship and hartlines, by honest feasting and merines.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.24

LATIN MOTTO: °Publica °pacta °Public °pledges PICTURE: Two °hands engaged in a °handshake. EPIGRAM: °Publica pacturus iunxerit °foedera °Caesar °Concordes geminas °oreq[ue] °corde °manus Ingens crede °nefas °hostiles fallere dextras Quod °poenas meruit °vindice saepe °Deo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: In order to conclude a °public "treaty, °Caesar will join two °hands, unite °speech and °heart. Believe it to be an enormous °sin to betray the right hands of your °enemies; for this, with °God as frequent °avenger, deserves °punishment. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.16; Harl, 2.22; Minerva Britanna, 135. SOURCES: BAS D lib 2: p 56. Use all other Princes as your bretheren honestly and kindly: keepe precisely your promise unto them although to your hurt: COMMENTS: The 'iunxerit' in the epigram appears to be a correction of the 'iungebit' that was originally there.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal) Royal, 2.25

LATIN MOTTO: °Romana °severitas °Roman °severity PICTURE: A military °camp with many °tents. At the centre is a °pear tree with green leaves and red fruit. The tent in the left foreground has a flag on top with a back spread "eagle upon a gold field. The tent in the right foreground has a flag with gold horizontal stripes on a blue field. EPIGRAM: °Romanam °SCAURUS °pubem cum duceret, °armis Creverat in mediis non violata °pyrus: Quam male conveniant seclis ea tempera nostris, Queis °Scelere aut [°rixis] est abstinuisse °nefas. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: When "Scaurus led the °Roman °youth, a °pear tree grew untouched in the midst of their °weapons. How badly would those times suit our age when it is a °sin to have refrained from °crime and °quarrelling. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 136. SOURCES: BAS D lib 2 pag: 58. Bee extreamely straight and severe in Martial discipline as well for keeping of ordour which is as requisite as hardines in the warres, and punishing of sloath which at a time may put the whole army in hazard; as likewise for repressing of mutinies, which in warres are wonderfull dangerous. COMMENTS: In the epigram, there is an illegible word in line four which is here taken as 'rixis' (quarrelling). This fits both metre and sense.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.26

LATIN MOTTO: °Spes superest °Hope remains PICTURE: A °lance (°spear) from the end of which hangs a red °purse (°wallet) embroidered in gold. EPIGRAM: Exhaustam (ut cernis) °crumenam affigier °hastae Summus °ALEXANDER iusserat acre suam Haec sociis fatus, profudi prodigus omne, Fortibus in bello °SPEM SUPERESSE, satis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Alexander the Great ordered his °purse, emptied of money, to be fastened to his °spear as you can see, speaking as follows to his companions: 'I have generously lavished everything [on you], but for the brave in war, it is enough if there remains °hope.' REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.17: Harl, 2.23; Minerva Britanna, 53. SOURCES: B AS D lib 2 p: 59. Bee homely with your souldiers as your companions for winning their hartes & extreamely liberall for then is no time of sparing Plutarch [, Work unlocated]: Ditare magis regium quam ditescere

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173

Royal, 2.27

LATIN MOTTO: In °actione consistit It is steadfast in °action PICTURE: A three-masted °ship in full sail upon the °sea. EPIGRAM: Per °Minyae scopulos et inhospita "Colchidos °ARGO Littora °Phryxeae °vellera quaerit ovis; Exerit et sese sic in quaeq[ue] ardua °virtus, Insolitae ridens caeca °pericla viae. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Over the rocks and along the inhospitable shores of °Colchis, the °Argos of °Minyas searches for the °fleece of the sheep [that carried] °Phrixus. Similarly, °virtue asserts itself against any steep [challenge], smiling at the hidden °perils of the unaccustomed road. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.18; Harl, 2.24; Minerva Britanna, 54. SOURCES: BAS D lib 2. p. 61. For it is not enough, that ye have and retaine (as prisoners) within your self never so many good qualities and virtues exept yee imploy them, and set them on worke, for the weale of them that are committed to your charge. Virtutis enim laus omnis in actione consistit. COMMENTS: Phrixus was the son of Athamas and Nephele, and brother of Helle, with whom he fled to Colchis on a ram with a golden fleece in order to escape from the hatred of his stepmother Ino. The Argo was the ship in which many Greek heroes (the Argonauts, often referred to as the Minyans) sailed with Jason to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.28

LATIN MOTTO: °Virtutem aut °vitium sequi °genus °Virtue or °vice follow °breeding PICTURE: A dark-skinned °African, holding in each hand a green "snake and eating the one held in the right hand. EPIGRAM: °Psillana cretus fuerim de gente, parentum Hinc °vitio, °serpens iusta °alimenta dabit; Perfida °GOUREAE circumfero pectora stirpis, Et tua, cui sana aut optima quaeqfue] nocent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I may have been an offspring of the tribe of the °Psylli, and so, because of a parental °defect, a °serpent supplies [me] with the right °food. I carry around the treacherous bodies of the °Gorgon brood, and so your foods, which are all healthful and excellent, are harmful [to me]. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.25; Minerva Britanna, 49. SOURCES: [In left margin beside epigram] [Timothy] Bright in tractat Melanch. [A Treatise on Melancholy (London, 1586), 8.] Familia in Libya quae venenosis solummode victitat. BAS D lib 2. p: 64: For though, anima non venit extraduce, but is immediately created by God, and infused from above: yet it is most certaine that virtue or vice will oftentimes with the heritage bee transferred from the parentes to the posteritie and run on a blood (as the Proverbe is), et c.

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Royal, 2.29

LATIN MOTTO: In °adulatores Against °flatterers PICTURE: A brown-feathered °harpy perched upon a °crown which is on a table with dishes of "food. EPIGRAM: Insidit °dapibus volucris foedissima °PHINEU (°Harpyiam vocitant) ungue rapace, tuis; "Crimina qui defert, repetundus, °Gnato notantur, (Vile genus) fucos quos alit aula suos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A most foul winged creature (they call it a °Harpy) sits with greedy claw on your °banquet, O °Phineus. He who conveys slanderous °accusations must be prosecuted. They are branded as °parasites, a low breed, those whom the court nurtures to be its drones. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.26; Minerva Britanna, 115. SOURCES: BAS D: lib 2: 65: Take heede to the choise of your servantes. et c. chuse men of knowne wisedome, honestie and good conscience, well practized in the pointes of the craft that yee ordaine them for and free of all factions and partialities; but especially free of that filthy vice of Flatterie the pest of all princes and wrack of Republicks. COMMENTS: 'Gnato' in the epigram is likely from 'Gnatho', the name of a parasite in the Eunuchus of Terence. Phineus, king of Salmydessus in Thrace, was blinded and tormented by the Harpies for having put his sons to death on account of a false accusation. The Harpies stole or defiled his food.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 2.30

LATIN MOTTO: °Praemio et °poena With °reward and °punishment PICTURE: A vertical unsheathed °sword, about the blade of which is entwined a green vine. The handle of the sword is held by a red °lion's paw and a gold lion's paw. At top right is the sun. EPIGRAM: °Laurea suave virens exornet docta °Maronis Tempora; °Iustitiae fulgidus °ensis erit: Queis conservatur °Respublica, °poena coercet °Illeges; animant °praemia digna °bonos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let a fragrantly green °laurel adorn the learned brow of °Vergil. °Justice will be a shining °sword. The °state is preserved by these [principles]: °punishment [must] strike Criminals, while suitable °rewards [must] inspire °good persons. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.26; Minerva Britanna, 43. SOURCES: BAS D. lib. 2 pag. 71. Pay (your servantes) as all others your Subiectes with praemium or poena, as they deserve which is the very groundstone of good government. COMMENTS: The red and gold lion paws in the picture presumably stand for the red and gold heraldic lions of Scotland and England respectively.

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177

Royal, 2.31

LATIN MOTTO: His °beo With these things, I °bless PICTURE: A white °stork with wings spread apart. With its legs it stands upon (or holds) two "flaming °torches. EPIGRAM: Inter adest geminas expansa °ciconia °taedas, lunximus auspiciis quae nova °nupta tuis. Turpis °adulterii est °avis haec saevissima °vindex °Flamma sacra est aris °VESTA °pudica tuis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: With [her wings] spread out, the °stork stands between two °torches, which have joined like newly °married people under your auspices. This °bird is a most fierce °avenger of foul °adultery, [but] the °chaste °fire is sacred to your altars, O °Vesta. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 111. SOURCES: [In left margin beside last line of epigram] Sacra aris flamma BAS. D: lib p. 13. First of all consider that Marriage is the greatest earthly foelicitie or misery that can come to a man. et c.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Libidinis effecta The results of °lust PICTURE: Two greenish-blue °snakes, one with the head of the other in its mouth. EPIGRAM: Cum furit in °Venerem mas °vipera, concipit ore °Dente quod abrodit °foemina dira caput Insanae °Veneris quam sit damnanda "voluptas Annuet, ingenuis exitiosa viris. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: When a male °viper rages with °lust, the savage "female seizes his head w mouth and bites it off with her °teeth, thus showing how reprehensible the °pleasure of mad lust is and how destructive to honourable men. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 152. SOURCES: BAS D. lib. 2 p: 73 And although I know fornication is thought but a light and a venial sinne by the most part of the world; yet remember well what I said to you in my first book anent conscience, et c.

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179

Royal, 2.33

LATIN MOTTO: °Accendere °damno nostro To °kindle, [but] to our °loss PICTURE: A °hand at left holding a °steel and another at right holding a °flint. They are struck together and produce "sparks which fall into a "tinderbox upon a table. EPIGRAM: °Ictibus alternis excercent mutua °bella Dura °silex una flammivomusq[ue] °chalybs; Concipit at subter °scintillas pyxis, avari ut °Iuridici elisas dextra, °clientis °opes. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: With alternating °blows, the hard °flintstone together with the fire-spewing wage joined °battles. A °tinderbox underneath catches the "sparks, just as the right hand of a greedy °judge catches the °wealth dashed out from his petitioner. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.20; Harl, 2.28; Minerva Britanna, 103. SOURCES: BAS D: lib 2. pag 90. Next to the Scriptures studie well your owne lawes for how can yee discerne well the thing yee know not. But preasse to draw all your lawes and processes, to bee as short and as plaine as you can: assure your self the longsomenes both of rights and processes, breedeth their unsure loosenes and obscuritie; ye shortest being ever both the surest and plainest forme: and ye longsomnes serving onely for the enritching of ye Advocates and clerkes, with the spoile of the whole country.

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LATIN MOTTO: Status °humanus The state of °humanity PICTURE: The °Wheel of °Fortune, with four gold °crowns, one on each side, one at the top, and one at the bottom. EPIGRAM: Aestuat ambiguis °vita haec agitata procellis Fertq[ue] refertqfue] vices °sors malefida suas; Hunc de °plebe creat °regnantem deprimit ilium Vel °rota tot casus una °SESOSTRIS habet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Driven by veering stormwinds, this °life surges onwards, and unreliable ° brings on and repeats her cycles. This man from the common °people, she promotes; that °man-of-power she brings down. Even one °wheel of °Sesostris alone holds so many vicissitudes. REFERENCE: See Rawl, 2.21; Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.30; Minerva Britanna, 76. SOURCES: [In left margin of epigram, referring to Sesostris] Herodotus, [Historiae, 2.102-8]. BAS D. lib. 2 pag. 93. But by the reading of Authentick histories and Chronicles yee yee [sic] shall learne experience by Theorick, applieng the by-past thinges to the present state, quia nihil novum sub sole such is the continuall volubilitie of thinges earthly according to the roundnes of the world, and revolution of ye heavenly Circles which is expressed by the wheeles in Ezechiels visions And counterfeited by the poets in Rota Fortunae.

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LATIN MOTTO: Inopportuna °studia Inappropriate "studies PICTURE: With his left hand, a bearded °scholar in a purple cloak and white hat holds up a "measuring-rod towards the sky. In his right hand he holds a pair of °dividers. EPIGRAM: Mitte °Hyadas delire °senex, lustrare °Booten, Quaq[ue] micat rutilis °Cassiopeia comis: °Effugis incassum, nee °votis °Iupiter adsit, Cum petit °hostilis, tune tua terga manus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Cease to Van the °Hyades and the "Wagoner (the constellation °Bootes), O foolish °old man, and wherever "Cassiopeia glitters with ruddy locks. You °flee in vain, and "Jupiter may not be propitious to your "prayers at that time when an "enemy force pursues your back. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.22; Harl, 2.31. SOURCES: [BAS. DORON Iib2: p 94] As for the studie of other liberall artes and sciences, I would have you reasonably versed in them, but not preassing to bee a passemaister in any of them: for that cannot but distract you from the pointes of your calling, as I shewed you before and when by the enemie winning the Towne, ye shallbee interrupted in your demonstration, as ARCHIMEDES was, your people (I thinke) will looke very bluntly upon it.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Magnanimitas "Magnanimity PICTURE: A male °lion standing with its right forepaw raised. On either side is a tree. EPIGRAM: Ardua res (°Caesar) gentes domuisse °rebelles, Duraq[ue] "Sauromatum colla dedisse iugo: Verius at vincis, tibi dum °vindicta lacessit °Pectora, et hanc possis sumere, nolle tamen. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: It is a difficult task, O "Caesar, to subdue Rebellious peoples, and to place the yoke on the iron-hard necks of the "Sarmatians. But you conquer more truly whenever your [desire] for "vengeance stirs up your "heart if, though you are able to exact [punishment], still you are unwilling to do so. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.23; Harl, 2.32 Minerva Britanna, 82. SOURCES: BAS D lib. 2 p: 95 Embrace true magnanimitie not in being vindictive which the corrupted iudgmentes of the world thinkes to bee true Magnanimitie but by the contrary in thinking your offender not worthy of your wrath. Horat: Carm[ina]: lib 2 Ode 2[.9-12.] Latius regnes, avidum domando Spiritum, quam si Lybiam, remotis Gadibus iungas, et uterq[ue] Poemus Serviat uni.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Filiorum °pietas "Children's sense of °duty PICTURE: A white °bird with red beak and legs, possibly a °stork, standing upon a yellow °skull. Below are entwined two green "vines. EPIGRAM: Ex me °gnate, senem doctus, reverere °parentem, ("Natura hoc, "aequum, °fas, °pietasq[ue] iubent;) Ne properante secent °fato tibi °fila °sorores, Officio ne te vincat °avisq[ue] fera. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Taught by me, °child, honour your aged "parent: this is what is ordered by "nature, "right, "divine law, and "filial love, lest, as "death hastens onwards, the "sisters ["Fates] cut your "thread, and a wild "bird surpasses you in its sense of duty. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.24; Harl, 2.33. SOURCES: BAS D: lib 2 pag: 97. Honour your parentes for the lengthening of your owne daies, as God in his law promiseth, Honour also them are in loco parentum unto you & [c.]

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LATIN MOTTO: °Constantia °Steadfastness PICTURE: A bare-footed man (°Atlas) with a white beard and wearing a blue cloak. He has a wand in his left hand. He carries the °world upon his shoulders. He stands upon a stone ("marble) "cube. EPIGRAM: Grandaevus °coelum tergo dum sustinet °Atlas Sub pedibus calcat °marmoreumq[ue] °cubum; Quanta sit (innuitur) °Regi °constantia virtus, Qui subit °Atlantis terrifer alter °onus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The aged "Atlas, while he supports the °sky on his back, also tramples a ° °cube under his feet. [Thereby] it is signified how great a virtue °steadfastness (Constancy) is for a °king who, as another earth-bearer, shoulders °Atlas's °burden. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 2.25; Harl, 2.34. SOURCES: BAS D lib: 2 p. 97. Keepe true Constancie, not onely in your kindnes towardes honest men: but being also invicti animi.

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LATIN MOTTO: Nitor in °adversum I struggle against °adversity PICTURE: A °cypress tree. In its branches is a white stone °pillar. EPIGRAM: Urgeat iniectum °pondus, formamq[ue] °columnae Quod simul °Herculeae, moesta °Cupressus habet: Indicat immotam °mentem, quae turbine rerum Tollitur, et fati quam °mala nulla premant. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let the imposed °weight in the shape of a °Herculean "pillar, which the sad °cypress unflaggingly supports, press down hard. This points to an unshaken °mind raised above the tumult of things which no °evils of fate will overwhelm. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 167. SOURCES: BAS D lib 2 pag 98. Against all adversities: not with that Stoick insensible stupiditie wherewith many in our daies, preasing to winne honor in imitating that aunctient sect, by their inconstant behaviour in their owne lives, belies their profession:

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LATIN MOTTO: Quae °prudentem deleant Things which may destroy a °prudent person PICTURE: At left °Pallas °Athenae in blue helmet and breastplate and carrying a shield, with a °lance in her right hand, leads °Ulysses. This latter wears a blue helmet and breastplate, red boots, and a red and gold skirt. He has a brown walking stick EPIGRAM: °Armata assidue ut °Pallas comitetur °Ulissem; Quid sibi vult scriptis istud °Homere tuis; Fingo virum ancillat cui sic °prudentia °linguae, Nee [ut is cui fato] cuilibet auris adest. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The fact that °armed °Pallas [°Athena] constantly accompanies °Ulysses - what does this fact signify in your writing, °Homer? I portray a man who is assisted by the °prudence of his tongue in such a way that he is not a person fated to have a ready ear for anyone. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 69. SOURCES: BAS: D: lib 2 p. 99. And principally exercise true wisedome in discerning wisely betwixt true and false reportes: first considering the nature of the person reporter; next what intresse hee can have in the weale or evill of him whome hee maketh ye report, et c. COMMENTS: The final line of the epigram is partially missing because the manuscript is damaged at this point.

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LATIN MOTTO: Querenda °scientia °Knowledge must be sought after PICTURE: A blue °eye, below which are a red °heart, an open °book, and a large branch of green °foliage (°cedar?) crossed with a small branch (°hyssop?). EPIGRAM: Quod fuerat summi °SALOMONIS gloria "Regis, Ut fias °prudens, ecce °libellus adest: Dicitur infoelix nirnium °Respublica, cuius °Rex, °oculo alterius °corde sapitqfue] videt. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Look at what was the glory of a very great king, °Solomon, namely, his °book. It is present here so that you may become Vise. Most unfortunate is said to be a °state whose °king discerns and sees by means of the °eye and °heart of another. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 40. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] 1. Regum. 4.33. BAS D lib 2 pag. 88. Besides your education it is necessary that yee delight in reading and seeking the knowledge of all lawful thinges et c COMMENTS: 'Querenda' in the motto is taken to be 'Quaerenda'. The foliage in the picture may be cedar and hyssop, since the marginal note to the epigram, referring to Solomon, cites 1 Kings 4:33 ('And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall'). In the corresponding emblem in Minerva Britanna (40), the epigram names the two pieces of foliage as 'A Cedar branch, with Hysope knotted greene'.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Crimina summa The greatest °crimes PICTURE: °Ganymede, wearing a blue band around his body, seated upon a red-combed °cock. In his right hand he holds a gold °cup and in his left hand he holds a °wand. EPIGRAM: Lethiferus dextrae °cyathus. °Circaea sinistrae, °Virgula, lascivi cur °GANYMEDIS inest, Et °gallo insideat? spreto °IOVIS alite, summa °Crimina; quae veniam non mereantur erunt. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why is the death-bringing °cup in the right hand and the °staff of °Circe in the left hand of the debauched °Ganymede, and why would he sit on a °cock, having spurned the bird of °Jupiter? These will be the greatest °crimes such as will not deserve forgiveness. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 48. SOURCES: BAS D lib 2 p: 31 There are some horrible crimes that yee are bound in conscience never to forgive: such as Witchcraft, wilfull murther, Incest (especially within the degrees of consanguinitie) sodomie, poisoning and false coine.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Morbus °Tyranni "suspicio "Suspicion is a "tyrant's °disease PICTURE: A °bed with a blue bed cover, a canopy, and purple bed-curtain streaked with gold. Beneath the curtain at the foot of the bed, or possibly under the bed, a man (°Caligula) wearing a green °wreath upon his head is hiding. EPIGRAM: Frangitur assidua °curarum mole °Tyrannus Inqfue] alios °saevus, saevior ipse sibi; Nox abit insomnis, coniurant °astra, minantur Cunctaq[ue], quo fugiat °Tartara solus habet. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A °tyrant is crushed by an ever-present mass of °cares. He is °cruel to others, even more cruel towards himself. His °night passes by sleepless, the "stars conspire against him, everything is threatening, and wherever he flees, he faces °Tartarus alone. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Harl, 2.35; Minerva Britanna, 90. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram and below picture, to which it may refer] Caligula fulminante coelo, se sub lectulo occultare solitum fertur. BAS: D lib 2. pag. 100. For since suspition is the Tyrantes sicknes, as the fruites of an evil conscience, potius in alteram partem peccato. et c. COMMENTS: [In centre at foot of page] LIBRI SECUNDI. FINIS.

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GREEK MOTTO: There is great °refreshment in an °asphodel PICTURE: A hand at right holds a bunch of °asphodels, showing yellow roots and flowers. EPIGRAM: Quae fuerant cernis, genialia °fercula priscis Quas malit °CURIUS, °PAPIRIUS[q]ue dapes; °Grus nondum metuit °viscoq[ue] °ciconia tuta, Nee modo regnarunt; °otia, °pluma °Venus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You are looking at the °dishes of a long time ago which were festive to the ancients and which a °Curius or a °Papirius preferred, the °crane did not as yet fear while the °stork was [still] safe from °birdlime; nor did Idleness, °lust, and [the craving for] a downy °bed hold sway. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.3; Harl, 3.1. SOURCES: [At right beside motto] Hesiod[, Opera et Dies, 41]. BAS D: lib 3 p: 106. Let your table bee honorably served: but serve your appetite with few dishes as young Cyrus did. et c. [In left margin beside quotation from Basilikon Doron] Xenoph[on]: 1 Cyrfopaedia]. Petrarch na[?] Canz[oniere, 1.7.If]: La Venere, gola el'otiose piume Hanno del mondo ogni virtu obanditi

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LATIN MOTTO: In °gulam Against °gluttony PICTURE: °Philoxenus in purple hat and hose, with a buff jacket. He has a long °neck like that of a °crane. In his right hand he holds a spit, on which is impaled the carcase of a °bird. Upon his left hand perches a bird. EPIGRAM: Lauta °gulae effigies, sive ora °PHILOXENE quondam Qualia depingant scripta vetusta tibi, Foeda °lues patriae, comes exitiosa °Minervae: Tempore nee longo certa °ruina sibi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The noble image of °gluttony - or countenances such as ancient writings once depicted for you, °Philoxenus - [this has become] a foul °pestilence in our country and a ruinous companion of °Minerva and [will become], over no long period of time, its own assured Destruction. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.5; Harl, 3.2. SOURCES: BAS D lib. 3. p: 107. Let all your food bee simple, without conposition or sauces which are now more like Medcines then Meates: The using of them amongst the aunchient Romanes a filthy vice of delicacy because they serve onely for pleasing of the tast, and not for satisfieng the necessitie of nature: Abhorring Apicius their owne Citizen, for his vice of delicacie and monstrous gluttonie. Like as both the Graecians and Romanes had in detestation the very name of PHILOXENUS, for his filthy wish of a Craine Craig. COMMENTS: Peacham's 'noble image' (Lauta ... effigies) in the epigram is, of course, intended sarcastically.

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LATIN MOTTO: In °abstemios Harming the °abstinent PICTURE: A tall °rock from which °water gushes. On top of the rock grow purple "grapes. EPIGRAM: Quos vitiasse ferunt °latices °AMITHAONE natum, °BACCHE °coma cingis luxuriante tua; °Vina fugit °fons hie, madidos oditq[ue] °racemos, °PALLADI cum °BROMIO foedera nulla manent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The °streams which they say were polluted by the son of °Amithaon, you, O °Bacchus, pour over your luxuriant °hair. But this °spring shuns Vine and hates the intoxicating bunches of °grapes; [and] no alliance endures between °Pallas [Athena] and °Bromus. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.6; Harl, 3.3. SOURCES: BAS D: lib. 3. pag 107. Cheifly beware of drunkenes which is a beastly vice namelie in a King: but specially bee warre with it because it is one of those vices which encreaseth with age. OvidMetam[orphoses]. 15.[322-8.] Clitorio quicunq[ue] sitim de fonte levarit, Vina fugit gaudetq[ue] meris abstemius undis: Seu vis est in aqua, calido contrariae[?] vino, Sive (quod indiginae memorant) AMITHAONE natus PROETIDAS attonitas postquam per carmen et herbas Eripuit furiis purgamina mentis in illas Misit aquas, odiumq[ue] meri permansit in undis. COMMENTS: The epigram alludes to Ovid's Metamorphoses 15,322ff. The son of Amithaon is Melampus, the soothsayer and prophet who healed the demented daughters of Proteus of their madness. Bromius is a surname for Bacchus.

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LATIN MOTTO: Nil insipidum Nothing without °taste PICTURE: A white-topped °table. At the centre is a gold °salt. EPIGRAM: Quae decuere dapes aspergant °dicta °Sophorum Esto °lepos facilis sic sine dente sales: Non aliena °fides propria sit vilior, haec cum Aut cadit aut crescit °vulnere laesa tuo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let °sayings of the Vise besprinkle meals which are becoming. Let there be ready °wit; in this way there will be pungency [in your talk], but without [harsh] teeth. Let another's °trust not be cheaper than your own, since that trust either perishes or grows when hurt by a "wound inflicted by you. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.14; Harl, 3.4; Minerva Britanna, 59. SOURCES: BAS D lib. 3. pag 107 It is no waies comelie to dispatch affaires or to bee pensive at meate but keepe then an open and a cheerful countenance causing to reade pleasaunt histories to you that profit may bee mixed w[i]th pleasure, and when yee are not disposed, entertaine quick pleasaunt, but honest discourses et c. pag. 115 Not taunting in Theologie, nor alledging and prophaning the Scripture in drinking purposes as overmany: doe. Sopater ad Hemetrium fratrem de gub[ernatoris]: imp[erie, not located]: Abstinendum a dicteriis vere imperantibus, nam qui ridiculis gaudet imperii Maiestatem imminuet.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Insomnia °Dreams PICTURE: A woman in a very low-cut blue dress with a purple scarf knotted in her golden hair. In her right hand she holds a °wand. In her left hand she holds a golden °bowl that she has inverted. From it fall a variety of objects, including a gold °crown and "fruit. EPIGRAM: Ora °Deae video, cuius sed dicito? °Brysus Quam credunt numen °somnia vana suum; Fundit opes varias, stultos °spe lactat inani, Quos °bullis ditat crastina lusa dies. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I see the face of a °goddess. But of which goddess, should I say? Of °Bryses whom meaningless dreams believe to be their own deity. She pours forth manifold resources, and beguiles with empty °hope fools whom tomorrow's deluded day enriches with °bubbles. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.7; Harl, 3.6; Minerva Britanna, 151. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] Friselin [i.e., Philipp Nicodemus Frichlinus] in persium. BAS D lib 3: pag 109. Take no heede to any of your dreames: for all prophecies visions, and prophetic dreames, are accomplished and ceased in Christ: et c. COMMENTS: In the epigram, 'Brysus' seems to be an abbreviated form of 'Brysous' (genitive singular of 'Bryses'), who presumably is the goddess of dreams referred to, or the name may be Celtic, having some relation to the Brythons - an ancient Welsh tribe - or to Celtic mythology. She may also be Briseis, Achilles' concubine in the Iliad. In the translation, 'dicito' as has been translated and read as 'dictito', meaning 'to say often'. Whether we read 'dicito' as 'dictito' or not, the line is not metrical. Frichlinus in Persium was printed in Basel in 1582 and in Frankfurt in 1587 and 1596.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Salomone °pulchrius More °beautiful than °Solomon PICTURE: A disembodied °hand in the air holding a white °lily with green leaves. Below is a landscape with some rocks. EPIGRAM: Splendida fluctivagos quid iactitat alua lapillos Intumet et °RHODOPIS bombicis arte levis; Me fugit artis opus, mediis quod vestit in °agris, °Vita oculi °candor, °virgineumq[ue] decus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why does the glittering court boast of its wave-tossed pebbles, and [why] is it puffed up with the adornment of the fine cloth of °Rhodope? The work of artifice discomforts me, I [the lily] who am clothed in the midst of the °fields with °life, the eye's "light, and a "virginal beauty. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.8; Harl, 3.7; Minerva Britanna, 116. SOURCES: [In left margin above epigram] Math: 6.26. Arist[otle, Topica, 3.5.31]: BAS D lib 3. p: 110: Bee also moderate in your raiment; neither oversuperfluous like a deboshed waister, nor yet overbase like a miserable wretch et c. COMMENTS: For the epigram, cf Matthew 6.28-9 and Luke 12.29. One should probably imagine the last two lines of the epigram as being spoken by a lily ('lilium' in Latin). The 'quod', therefore, is a neuter relative pronoun having 'me' as its antecedent.

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LATIN MOTTO: Non temere °edenda Not to be published rashly PICTURE: A red °arachnid, possibly a °scorpion, holding an open °book. At centre above is the °sun. EPIGRAM: "Passibus exiguis gradieris tutius, atq[ue] Per varies °fontes purior °unda venit; Adsit °lima tuis (et habent sua fata) °libellis, Ut rapidos temnat posthuma °fama rogos. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You will walk more safely with small °steps, and cleaner °water comes from manifold °springs. Let the °file be applied to your °books, for they, too, have their own fates, so that posthumous °fame may scorn fast-consumed funeral pyres. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.9; Harl, 3.8; Minerva Britanna, 57. SOURCES: BAS D lib 3. pag 118 Flatter not your self in your labours before they bee set forth; let them first bee privily censured by some of the best skilled men in that craft: et c.

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GREEK MOTTO: "BgeTavvia oi) /cogei Advance, O "Britain! PICTURE: A mounted °knight in full armour upon a charging white °horse. Horse and rider have blue and white plumes. On the shield of the knight are the royal "arms of Great °Britain. On the blue caparison of the horse is the "three-feathered insignia of the Prince of °Wales. EPIGRAM: Macte tua °virtute, decus, spes alma °BRITANNUM Alter °ALEXANDER conspiciende mis; Provocet °Hispanus, seu °Turca, rebellis °Hibernus, °Herulus a tergo sive lacessat inops. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Bravo! for your °courage, O glory and nurturing hope of the °Britons, second °Alexander, outstanding for your [heroes], whether the °Spaniard challenges you, or the °Turk, or the rebellious °Irish, or the destitute °German attacks you from the rear. REFERENCE: See Rawl, 3.10. Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 17. SOURCES: BAS D lib. 3. pag: 121. Use therefore to ride and danton great and couragious horses, that I may say of you as Phillip said of great ALEXANDER his sonne Maxe6ovia oi) 8e %a)Qei. COMMENTS: The figure on the horse in the picture is presumably intended to suggest Prince Henry, the second Alexander alluded to in the epigram.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Venatio °Hunting PICTURE: A °dog, probably a hunting dog. It is white with black patches and wears a collar, to which a lead is attached. EPIGRAM: Exosos °Veneri °lepores mirare fugaces, Silvestres °cervos, °setigerumq[ue] genus: Exanimis cecedit vel quod °CYNAREIUS heros, Aut his quod non sit lusibus aptus °amor. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why are you amazed that the fleeing °hares, the woodland °deer, and the bristly breed [°pigs] are hated by °Venus? [This is so] either because the °Cynareian hero [°Adonis] fell dead, or because °love is not equipped for this game. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.11; Harl, 3.9; Minerva Britanna, 169. SOURCES: [In left margin of epigram as note for 'CYANREIUS'.] ADONIS BAS: D: lib. 3. p. 1211 cannot omit heere the hunting namely with running houndes, which is the most honorable and noblest sort thereof: for it is a theevish forme of hunting to shoote with gunnes and bowes and greyhound hunting is not so Martial a game, et c. COMMENTS: James I was inordinately fond of hunting.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Foemina quid non? What [will] a "woman not do? PICTURE: At left sits a woman [°Omphale] in a gold dress. At right sits a man [°Hercules]. He had dark brown hair and beard and wears a red and gold dress. He holds a °distaff, from which he °spins off thread. EPIGRAM: Aspice ut °ALCIDES exutus terga °leonis Et clavum, °LYDIAE °pensa rependat herae; Post exantlatos °virtuti saepe °labores, Obstat °pigrities, aut malesuada "VENUS. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: See how "Hercules, having laid aside his "lion's pelt and club, spins the "wool for his "Lydian mistress ["Omphale]. After the "labours that are often endured0 by "virtue, "idleness stands in the way or seductive "Venus. REFERENCE: See Rawl, 3.13; Harl, 3.10; Minerva Britanna, 95. SOURCES: BAS. D. lib 3. pag. 127. And cheifely abstaine before your marriage the idle company of dames which are nothing els but irritamenta libidinis. COMMENTS: In the third line of the epigram, 'exanelatos' is an alternative spelling from the verb 'exanelo', meaning 'I endure'. The picture depicts Hercules and Omphale, queen of Lydia, whom Hercules served wearing a woman's dress.

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LATIN MOTTO: °Quinquennium °Neronis °Nero's "quadrennial festival [see Comments below] PICTURE: A silver °coin with the "inscription: 'C: TIBERIUS NERO'. The image on the coin is of °Nero playing a °lyre. Below the coin a city, presumably °Rome, is on °fire. EPIGRAM: Osq[ue] habitum °citharam pulsantis cerne °NERONIS Illius exhibuit, quale °numisma tibi; Dum °genio indulgesq[ue] °iocis, °Respublica, quantas (Monstrum hominum) interea, vertitur in °lachrymas. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Look at the face and appearance of that °Nero, plucking his °lyre - this is what his °coin shows you. While you indulge your °talent and °pastimes, the °state is turned meanwhile to so many °tears, O monster among men. SOURCES: [In left margin beside first line of epigram] Sueton in Ner. BAS D lib 3 pag. 127. Delight not to keepe ordinarily in your companie, Comaedians or Balladines: for the Tyrans most delighted in them, glorieng to bee both authors and actors of Comoedies & Tragedies themselves. Whereupon the answere that the poet Philoxenus disdainfully gave to the Tyran of Syracuse there anent, is now come in a proverbe, reduc me in latomias; and all the ruse that NERO made of himself when hee died, was qualis artifex pereo. meaning of his skill in minstrally, and plaieng of Tragedies as indeed his whole life and death was all but one Tragedie; COMMENTS: The motto refers to Nero's quinquennium, literally held every five years (four years by our reckoning and translated accordingly).

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

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Royal, 3.12

LATIN MOTTO: In °mechanicos Against °mechanics PICTURE: A °tree [°frankincense] with green leaves. EPIGRAM: Nectareos °succos reddas cur membra per ima Et sine °fruge caput die age °LEUCOTHOE? Dignior °ingenii vis est, partusq[ue] °cerebri; °Mechanicus sordet cum °labor omnis humi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Why do you produce fragrant °sap from your lowest branches, while your crown is without °fruit? Come, tell us, °Leucothoe? The power of the °mind and the offspring of the °brain have greater worth while °work with °machines is mean and of low account. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.12; Harl, 3.11. SOURCES: BAS D lib 3. pag 128 Delight not also in your owne person to bee a plaier upon instruments especially on such as commonly men winne there living with, not yet to bee fine of any Mechanick craft: L'eur esprit s'en fuit au bout des doigts saith Du Bartas [see, La Semaine, 1]. COMMENTS: The Leucothoe mentioned in the epigram was a lover of Apollo, buried alive by her angry father, then changed into a frankincense bush.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Royal, 3.13

LATIN MOTTO: °Contraria °fata respendant Let them repay with a "contrasting °fate PICTURE: A woman with long golden hair and wearing a blue dress. In her right hand she holds a gold °wand or "sceptre. She has bare arms and feet. Standing on land at right, she stretches out her right foot to touch a "ship upon the sea at left. EPIGRAM: Nuda caput, passis, ("lugentis more), °capillis "Sceptrigera, et calcans ceu "pede laesa °ratem, Pingitur antique devicta "BRITANNIA "numrno Forte tuus versa nunc vice, °ROMA "timer. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: As a bare-headed [woman], with streaming "hair (after the manner of one "mourning), bearing a "sceptre and stepping as though with an injured "foot on a "ship - thus is conquered "Britain portrayed on an ancient "coin, perhaps a [source of] "fear to you, O "Rome, now with changed fortunes. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 108. SOURCES: BAS D. lib: 3: pag 149 Which may easily bee done betwixt these twoo-nations, being both but one He of BRITAINE, and already ioined in unitie of Religion and language, et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

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Royal, 3.14

LATIN MOTTO: °Homo °Man, the °microcosm PICTURE: A near-naked, bearded man in a blue loin clot standing upon a blue °globe. In his left hand he holds a °wand. EPIGRAM: Praeditus igniculis °divinae mentis ab alto, (Pallor an aetherei gesserit ora °IOVIS;) Ordine concinno pulchri miracula °mundi In quo tot numeres, est 0 °homo. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Endowed with the sparks of the °divine mind from on high (am I mistaken that the realm of heavenly °Jove has created them?) and of harmonious design in which you may count so many marvels of the beautiful °universe - this is °man, the °microcosm. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 190. SOURCES: BAS D: lib. 3. p. 151 Take the paterne thereof from the Microcosme of your owne body wherein yee have twoo eies, signifieng great foresight and providence, with a narrow looking in all thinges; and also twoo eares signifieng patient hearing et c.

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Royal, 3.15

LATIN MOTTO: °Ira °Anger PICTURE: A °serving-man with a °wand of office. He wears a red jerkin, yellow sleeves, purple breeches with white slashes. In his right hand he holds out a °document. EPIGRAM: Praepropere iniussu °domini qui provolat, °iram Assimilat servo, summus °ARISTOTELES: Qua semel emissa, stolidisq[ue] erroribus acta, °Tristia quam misero saepe reportat hero. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The greatest [of philosophers], °Aristotle, likens °anger to a °slave who rushes out overhastily and not ordered by his °master. Once it is let go and driven onwards in its stupid strayings, how often it brings back °sad consequences for its unfortunate master. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicate: Minerva Britanna, 160. SOURCES: BAS D lib 3 p: 151 But forget not to digest ever your passion before yee determine upon any thing, since Ira brevis furor est, uttering onely your anger according to the Apostles rule Irascimini sed ne peccetis. et c.

Basilikon Doron (MS Royal)

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Royal, 3.16

LATIN MOTTO: Non °honos, sed °onus Not an °honour, but a °burden PICTURE: A gold °crown, upon which sits a red °lion with a gold crown on its head. In its right paw the lion holds a vertical unsheathed °sword. In its left paw the lion holds a gold °sceptre. EPIGRAM: Hie °radio °terras lustret, °coeliq[ue] meatus, Ille oret °causas, me mea °Musa iuvet; °Ars tua sit gentem °sceptro moderare °BRITANNAM Indere °froena °malis, atq[ue] favere °bonis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Let this person scan the °earth and the movements in the °sky with his °measuring-rod, and let that person plead °cases, and let my °Muse give me my delight. But let it be your °skill to rule the °British nation with your °sceptre, to place °bridles on °evil men, and to favour °good men. REFERENCE: Partial Duplicates: Rawl, 3.1; Harl, 2.5; Minerva Britanna, 107. SOURCES: BAS D lib. 3. pag 153 et 154. And being content to let others exell in other thinges, let it bee your cheifest earthly glorie, to exell in your owne craft; according to the worthy counsel and charge of ANCHISES to his posteritie, in that sublime and heroical Poet, wherein also my Dicton is included. Virgil AEneid. 6. Excudent alii spirantia molluis aera, Credo equidem, et vivos ducent de marmore vultus, Orabunt causas melius, coeliq[ue] meatus Describent radio, et surgentia sydera dicent. Tu regere imperio populos, ROMANE memento (Hae tibi erunt artes) paciq[ue] imponere morem, TARCERE SUBIECTIS ET DEBELLARE SUPERBOS.' FINIS. COMMENTS: The red lion is the heraldic lion of Scotland.

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Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 3 a

LATIN MOTTO: °Ingentes °silent Those who are "great stay "silent PICTURE: "Mulberry "tree at centre of landscape. The head of an "ax is embedded in the trunk of the tree. EPIGRAM: Ceu °lachrymas, "succos emittit °vulnere "Moras Laesa levi, interius secta "secure negat. Obstupet attonitus siccis "dolor altus occellis, Garrula cum "cura est et lachrymosa levis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The "mulberry that has been hurt sends forth from a light "wound its °sap, like °tears, but it denies it has been cut more deeply by the °axe. Great °pain is struck dumb and remains dry-eyed, while "worry is talkative, tearful, and flighty. SOURCE: No source given

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Emblemata Varia, fol 3b

LATIN MOTTO: °Spes superest "Hope remains PICTURE: A °hand from the right holds a small decorative °pot in which grows a plant. On each of three stems at its top are °three leaves to form a °trefoil. In the background is a landscape.

EPIGRAM: Pixide °PANDORAE media, °spes una, superstes Restat et hinc °florem tendit °astra suum: Ultima dat duris quia spes °solatia rebus, Et quam sors °misero tollere nulla queat. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: In the middle of °Pandora's box there is left, and remains, only °hope, and fro there it sends up its °flower to the °stars. For hope bestows the final °consolation in hard times, and no lot can take it away from a °wretched person. REFERENCE: Duplicates: Rawl 2.17; Harl 2.23; Royal 2.26. SOURCE: [In left margin beside epigram] Trifolium apud veteres spei Hieroglyphicum fuit, quippe gramen quod primo appareat verno tempore.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 4a

LATIN MOTTO: °Princeps °facundus An °eloquent °prince PICTURE: A °crown, above which is °Mercury's °caduceus. In the backround a landscape with a castle or walled city to the left, a °valley at the centre, and other buildings on a hill at the right. EPIGRAM: °Pileus alatus, geminoq[ue] °caduceus °angue Insignit °Princeps quod °diadema tibi. Monstrat ut augustos deceat °facundia °Reges, quam iuvet egregios °eloquiumq[ue] viros TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: The winged °cap and the °caduceus with the twin °snakes signify, O °Prince, what is your °crown. They show how °fluent speech becomes revered °kings and how °eloquence helps outstanding men. SOURCE: No source given.

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol 4b

LATIN MOTTO: °Vindicta °divina °Divine "punishment PICTURE: A large °bear that has a Mart or "arrow sticking into it. EPIGRAM: Se rotat in giros furibunda et missile °telum Impetit, impatiens °vulneris °ursa ferox: Insectante fugit, fugienti insistit °anmdo, °Vindictae summi "Numinis °icon erit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: In her rage, a ferocious °bear, unable to bear the °wound, twists herself in circles and tries to reach the °dart shot into her, but it eludes its attacker and the °arrow has firmly lodged in the desperate bear; this is an °emblem of °punishment coming from the highest °deity. SOURCE: No source given.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 5a

LATIN MOTTO: °Sphynx The °Sphynx PICTURE: The "Sphinx, In the background three °pyramids. EPIGRAM: "Sphynga sibi °numen coluit "Memphiticus olim Cui formam dederat semipuella °leo: °Monstra °Deum credat, non, °VIRGINE subq[ue] LEONE Percepit "fruges accola "NILE tuus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A long time ago, a man of "Memphis venerated the °Sphynx as his "deity, to which a half-woman °lion had given its shape. Let your inhabitants, O "Nile, believe "monsters to be °god, but it is not thanks to this "maiden and lion that they gather their "harvests, SOURCE: No source given.

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol 5b

LATIN MOTTO: In °avaros Against the °greedy PICTURE: A °griffm rampant with a °rock in its right claw. EPIGRAM: Qui tibi °Tantaleas sitibundus avare per undas Congeris, immensas nee (fruiturus) °opes. Invidus es mihi °gryps °aurum qui forte repertum Servat et in usum nullius °ungue premit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: You who thirstily and greedily heap up unmeasured °riches for yourself across the waves of °Tantalus, but will not enjoy them, you, O °Gryphon, are begrudging to me as you guard the °gold you found by chance and as you clutch it with your °claw so that no one may use it. SOURCE: No source given.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 6a

LATIN MOTTO: °Nusquam invenio °Nowhere do I find PICTURE: A °dove flying above the °waves of the °sea. EPIGRAM: Haud secus ac rapidas peritura °columba per °undas Evolat, immersus dum stetit °orbis aquis Inveniens °nusquam, nimbis agitata, °quietem, Figere ubi possit lassa volando pedem Vir quern Sors inimica premit cui nulla relicta Res beat (et fati tristis imago mei) °Exul inops mundi immensum relegatur in aequor Pendulus in dubio qua °requiescat humo Neve quieturus donee praestabis Asylum, Et fesso sedes, tu °Deus, orbe °poli. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Just like a °dove doomed to perish flies over the swirling °waves while the °world stays submerged underwater, finding, driven as it is by the rain-clouds, °nowhere a place of °rest where, weary from flying, it may plant its feet, so a man overwhelmed by a hostile lot and not blessed by anything left to him - indeed an image of my own sad fate! - is driven as a poor °exile across the world's unmeasured oceans to wherever he may come to °rest, clinging to shifting land, and doomed not to find rest until you, O °God, grant the weary man asylum in °heaven's sphere. SOURCE: No source given.

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol 6b

LATIN MOTTO: °Tegit et °detegit °Covering and °revealing PICTURE: Various articles of °clothing upon a table. EPIGRAM: °Frigora dum pellit °vestis, dum °corpus honestat, Reddit et ornatu membra decora suo: Detegit haec eadem °mores °gravitate virili Conspicuos, notum vel levitate virum. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Clothing wards off the °cold while it adorns the °body and with its ornament makes the parts of the body look attractive. But it also reveals Character that is outstanding for its masculine °dignity or shows a man notorious for his °fickleness. SOURCE: No source given.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 7a

LATIN MOTTO: °Ebrietas °Drunkenness PICTURE: A crested °bird (°hoopoe) standing upon a small mound with a bunch of °grape leaves in its beak. To the right is a tree and in the distance at the right is a house. EPIGRAM: °Upupa gustatis °Adianto vescitur °uvis, °Ebria, et inde parat °pharmaca tuta sibi. °Prudenti est nullum cum foedo foedus °IACCHO, Munera forte °Dei si generosa iuvent; Vel bibit innocuam, nimiam vel cautior uvam, Doctus °Apollineae diluit °artis ope. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A °hoopoe feeds on the °grapes it has tasted with the °maidenhair and becomes °drunk, and it prepares for itself from these a safe °potion. The Vise person has no dealings with the abominable °Bacchus should perhaps the noble gifts of the °god please him. He either drinks the juice of the grape when it is harmless or if it is too potent he drinks it carefully. He is skilled at tempering it with °Apollo's resources of °art. SOURCE: [In left margin beside first line of epigram] vide Plinium

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol 7b

LATIN MOTTO: A me ipso non °aliunde From myself and not °elsewhere PICTURE: A °diamond °ring. Behind is a hilly landscape. EPIGRAM: Mi nativus °honos, °Adamas proprioq[ue] nitore, Gemma mico, illustrans lumine cuncta meo °Cimmeriis °Virtus iaceat licet orba tenebris, Sic contenta °decus non aliunde petit. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: My "splendour is my own, as a °diamond and precious stone I glitter with own brilliance, lighting up everything with my radiance. Though °virtue lies destitute in °Cimmerian darkness, self-contained as it is, it does not derive its °glory from elsewhere. SOURCE: No source given.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 8a

LATIN MOTTO: Nisi °desuper Unless from °above PICTURE: A °deer in a rocky and barren landscape. From the sky above fall drops of °rain. EPIGRAM: Deciduos supero sic °cervus ab °aethere rores Captat, °aqua sterili deficiente iugo: Est immite °solum sunt saxea secta perimus, Ni miserere °gregis desuper alme °Deus. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Look, a °deer reaches for the droplets falling from the °sky above, for the barren ridges are lacking in °water. The °soil is harsh, the land rocky, and so we perish, unless you, O gracious °God, have pity from above on your "flock. REFERENCE: Duplicates: Rawl 1.1; Harl 1.1; Royal 1.1. SOURCE: No source given.

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol 8b

LATIN MOTTO: °Quocunq[ue] °idem In whatever Direction the °same PICTURE: °Fortune stands upon a °globe. In her right hand she holds a °crown. With her left hand she extends a lock of her °hair. The globe upon which she stands rests upon the summit of a round stone °column. EPIGRAM: Exigua insistit capiti °FORTUNA °columnae, Haec immota solo, versilis ilia super: Qualiacunq[ue] mihi contingant °fata, ferendo Exupero, maneam dum mihi semper °IDEM. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: °Fortune stands on the top of a small °pillar; the latter rests immobile on the ground, but up there the former revolves. Whatever °fate may befall me I overcome it by bearing it as long as to myself I remain the °same. SOURCE: No source given.

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 9a

LATIN MOTTO: Neglectis °innascimur °agris We °grow in untended °fields PICTURE: A °hand holding a bunch of Veeds (?). In the background is a rural landscape with some trees and a church. EPIGRAM: °Urticae rudibus veluti dominentur in °hortis, Et °silice incultus squallet inertis °ager, Mollia degeneres reddunt sic °otia °mentes, Inq[ue] dies °vitiis luxuriare no vis. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Just as °nettles rule supreme in uncultivated °gardens and as an unfilled and unproductive °field is disfigured by °ferns, so soft °leisure causes °minds to deteriorate as, day after day, they grow rank with new °vices. SOURCE: No source given.

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol 9b

LATIN MOTTO: Dum °dat, °carpit °Seizing while "giving PICTURE: A naked °child sitting upon a small mound. In his right hand he holds an °hour-glass and his left hand rests upon a °skull. EPIGRAM: Illuxere mihi vix prima crepuscula °vitae, °Nascenti cum °nox ingruit atra mihi: Namq[ue] eadem vitam quae dat mihi, cernis, ut hora Surripit, et iamiam dum °LOQUIMUR °MORIMUR. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Scarcely had the first glimmering of °life shone upon me when black °nigh rushed upon me as I was °born. For indeed you can see that the same hour that gives me life snatches it away, and all the while we are °talking we are °dying. SOURCE: Seneca [given as source for motto].

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Peacham 's Manuscript Emblem Books Emblemata Varia, fol 1 Oa

LATIN MOTTO: Mihi °vallis et °silentium For me, a °valley and °silence PICTURE: A "valley in which stands a solitary "tree (°laurel). EPIGRAM: Quod tibi opaca placet °vallis °Phoebeia °DAPHNE Nee doctam nutris per iuga celsa comam: Innuis ut stolidam refugit °sapientia °plebem, Et quantum °Musas °otia laeta iuvent. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: Because a shady °valley pleases you, O °laurel tree of °Phoebus, and you do not grow your learned tresses on lofty ridges, you reveal how °wisdom flees the stupid °mob and how much gladdening °leisure may delight the "Muses. SOURCE: No source given.

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol lOb

LATIN MOTTO: Extrema patient!, quid °patientia What °endurance has someone who endures the utmost PICTURE: A °dog which has been pierced by many °arrows. EPIGRAM: °Deliciae Domini fueram °custosq[ue] fidelis, Ipse, °domus, steterat dum bene resq[ue] salus: Imminet urbi °hostis crudelis inutilis eheu, Eiicior foribus sic periturus heri. Quid °canis o faciam, quo me conferre valebo, Ecce per armatos dum mihi quaero viam; Imbre °sagittarum minitatur acerrimus °hostis, Sive °fames perimit me miseranda domi. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: I had been my master's °pet and the faithful °guardian of his °home while his possessions and well-being stood secure. But now a cruel and destructive °enemy threatens the city, and alas, useless now, I am driven from my master's doors to perish like this. Ah, what can I, a °dog, do; where will I be able to take refuge while I am seeking my way through armed men? A very fierce °enemy threatens me with a shower of °arrows, or else wretched °hunger will kill me at home. SOURCE: [In left margin beside epigram] Hoc accidit cum Scodra urbs Dalmatiae a Turcis - obsideretur, canis enim cum ab herili domo penus inopia pelleretur undecem confossus sagittis domum rediit. vide Historiam venetam. [This happened when Scodra, a town in Dalmatia, was besieged by the Turks. Because of the lack of food, a dog was driven from his master's house and then returned home, pierced by eleven arrows. This is a story from Venice.]

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LATIN MOTTO: °Abundantiam °amicis maxime egere Spending our °abundance above all on our °friends PICTURE: Bunches of °grapes growing on a °vine. EPIGRAM: °Vitis luxurians gravidis generosa racemis Cuius sustineant undiq[ue] fulcra °merum; Edocet ut °luxus rerumq[ue] potentia, summam Poscit °amicorum ne recidamus °opem. TRANSLATION OF EPIGRAM: A Vine, opulent and fruitful with heavy clusters whose branches support °grap everywhere, instructs us how our °overabundance and our control of °wealth require of us that we do not cut back on our utmost °help to our °friends. SOURCE: No source given. COMMENTS: It should be noted that 'egere' (in the motto) should be 'agere' if the present infinitive active form is meant.

Emblemata Varia (MS V.b.45)

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Emblemata Varia, fol lib

GREEK MOTTO: °Mi50o