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Citation preview

C Collins

REFERENCE

LIBRARY THE CONCISE

mm w m

INTERNATIONAL

THESAURUS PORTABLE, CONCISE,

AND AUTHORITATIVE

INCLUDES THE EXPANDING VOCABULARY OF TODAY

J

yVTHE CONCISE

.Kogetfs INTERNATIONAL

THESAURUS* REVISED & UPDATED

SIXTH EDITION

ATTENTION: ORGANIZATIONS AND CORPORATIONS Most Collins paperbacks

are available at special quantity discounts for

bulk purchases for sales promotions, premiums, or fund-raising. For information, please call or write:

Special Markets Department, HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.,

10 East 53rd Street,

New York,

N.Y. 10022-5299.

Telephone: (212) 207-7528. Fax: (212) 207-7222.

EpTHE CONCISE

sQget'S INTERNATIONAL

THESAURUS* REVISED & UPDATED S

IXTH EDITION Edited by

Barbara Ann Kipfer, Ph.D Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D., Consulting Editor

V* Collins

COLLINS An Imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 10 East 53rd Street

New York, New York

10022-5299

Copyright © 2003 by HarperCollins Publishers ISBN: 0-06-085172-4

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information All rights reserved.

address Collins, an Imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers.

First

HarperTorch paperback printing: July 2003

HarperCollins®, Collins™ and ,

C™

are trademarks of HarperCollins

Publishers Inc. Printed in the United States of America

Web at www.harpercollins.com

Visit Collins

on the World Wide

This book

part of the Collins Reference Library.

is

you purchased this book without a cover, you should be aware that book is stolen property. It was reported as "unsold and destroyed" to the publisher, and neither the author nor the publisher has received any payment for this "stripped book." If

this

Contents

How to Use This Book

vii

Peter Roget's Preface to the First Edition

Foreword by Barbara Ann Kipfer, Ph.D.

xiii

xv

Synopsis of Categories

Abbreviations Used in This

xi

Book

Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases

xxix

1

How to Use This Index

886

Index

887

How to Use this Book

Like other great reference books, Roget's International Thesaurus®

is

the product of continuous

and long-term investment by

gan almost two centuries ago,

Mark Roget began compiling own convenience.

a

improvement

in

The process be1805, when Dr. Peter

list

of useful words for his

its

editors.

The revolutionary achievement of Dr. Roget was

his de-

velopment of a brand-new principle: the grouping of words according to ideas. If the user cannot find something in a reference book,

it

is

often because of the restriction of

searching alphabetically by

"known" headwords.

Dr.

Ro-

get's thesaurus reversed the access to allow the user to find a

word from another word, or from a concept or idea. When in 1852 Roget published the first book ever to realize this concept with thoroughness and precision, he called

it

a the-

saurus (from the Greek and Latin, meaning "treasury" or "storehouse").

And

thesaurus

it

has remained to this day.

So successful was Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, Classified and Arranged so as to Facilitate the Expression of Ideas and Assist in Literary Composition that a second edition followed one year later in 1853. get's death in

By Dr. Ro-

1869 there had been no fewer than twenty-

eight editions and printings.

How to Use this Book

viii

Each subsequent edition introduced more efficient and all of which have contributed to the quality of the present edition. Over the years, tens of thousands of new words and phrases were added, and the numbering of the paragraphs was recently incorporated for the user's convenience. The Concise Roget's International Thesaurus® sixth edition is a greatly expanded and improved book, yet one which still retains Roget's brilliant organization. Prepared by Barbara Ann Kipfer, Ph.D., it has a text of over one hundred thousand words and phrases, arranged within main categories by their meanings, and a comprehensive index. The search for a word that you need is a simple, two-step useful features,

process that begins in the index.

Step Step

2.

up the word closest

In the index, look

1.

meaning you want and note

its

to the

paragraph number.

Follow the paragraph number into the text of the

thesaurus and you will find

it is

a boldfaced

other words and phrases of similar meaning.

word among The concise

edition necessarily has a reduced index (not all boldfaced

words are included). Tracking

down words

in this

direct use of the thesaurus.

which the unique features of solve word problems.

The thesaurus

is

way is

the

most obvious and

However, there are other ways this thesaurus will

in

help you

a device for finding specific words or

phrases for general ideas.

—

A

dictionary will

tell

you many

spelling, pronunciation, meaning, and

word You use a thesaurus when you have an idea but do not know, or cannot remember, the word or phrase that expresses it best, or when you want a more accurate or effective way of saying what you mean. A thesaurus gives you

things about a origins.

possibilities,

and you choose the one you think

is

best within

How to Use this Book

ix

your particular context. The range of possibilities includes not only meaning as

we

usually think of

it,

but the special

sense and force given by nonformal words and phrases.

The Concise Roget's International Thesaurus® cient word-finder because

it

is

an

effi-

has a structure especially de-

signed to stimulate thought and help you organize your ideas.

The backbone of this

structure is the ingenious over-

arrangement of the main categories, outlined in the

all

"Synopsis of Categories," which begins on page (xv). To

make good use of the thesaurus's structure all you need to remember is that it contains many sequences of closely related categories.

Beginning

at

category 48, for example,

HEARING, DEAFNESS, SOUND, SILENCE, FAINTNESS OF SOUND, LOUDNESS, etc., a

you

see

will

procession of similar, contrasting, and opposing concepts, all

dealing with the perception and quality of sounds. So

when you

are not quite satisfied with

what you

place, glance at nearby categories too; original intention

was not the

best. If

it

find in

may be

that

one

your

you are having trouble

framing a thought in a positive way, you

may

find that

it

can

be more effectively expressed negatively. Seeing related terms and antonyms (opposites) often opens up lines of thought and chains of association that had not occurred to you.

You

will

ideas are

have already noticed that the main categories of

numbered

this edition.

in sequence; there are 1,075 of

them

in

Within each main category the terms are pre-

sented by basic meaning in short

numbered paragraphs. Ref-

erences from the index to the text are

made with

and two-part numbers, such as 247 and 247.4, the

one-part first

part

being the number of the main category, the second the number of the paragraph within that main category. This system,

book, makes for quick and easy pinpointing of

unique to

this

the place

where you

will find the

words you need.

How to Use this Book

x

The terms within a main category

are organized

by part

of speech, in this order: nouns, verbs, and adjectives.

When

you are casting about for a way of saying something, rather than looking for a specific word, do not limit your search to the narrow area of the category suggested

ence, but examine the offerings in Additionally,

there

is

a

by the index

refer-

parts of speech.

all

further

refinement of word

arrangement. The sequence of terms within a paragraph, far

from being random, tionships.

The words

ters that are set off

slight

change

is

determined by close, semantic rela-

closest in

meaning

in sense or application.

the clusters will

are offered in clus-

with semicolons; the semicolon signals a

A close examination of

make you aware of the

tween synonyms, and you

will

fine distinctions be-

soon recognize that few

words are exactly interchangeable. As an aid the right word, special terms are identified

brackets

—

for example,

by

in focusing

on

labels in angle

for nonformal usage, for

French terms, or for older usage.

A full list of brack-

eted abbreviations can be found on page (xxix).

Cross-references are also an important feature of the text.

They suggest

additional meanings of the words

you

are

examining. Notice also that the paragraphs of text are highlighted with terms in boldface type.

The boldfaced words

most commonly used for the idea at hand. Thus, The Concise Roget's International Thesaurus® can help you in countless ways to improve your writing and speech and to enrich your active vocabulary. But you should remember the caution that very few words are true synonyms: Use the thesaurus in conjunction with a good dicare those

tionary

you.

whenever a selected word or phrase

is

unfamiliar to

Peter Roget's Preface to the First Edition

(1852)

now

It

is

ent

work

nearly

fifty

years since

I first

projected a system

of verbal classification similar to that on which the presfounded. Conceiving that such a compilation

is

might help

my own

to supply

deficiencies,

I

had, in the year

1805, completed a classed catalog of words on a small

scale,

but on the same principle, and nearly in the same form, as

now

the Thesaurus

published.

1

had often during

interval

found

this little collection, scanty

was, of

much

use to

contemplated

its

me

that long

and imperfecjt as

in literary composition,

it

and often

extension and improvement; but a sense of

the magnitude of the task, amidst a multitude of other avoca-

me from the attempt. Since my retirement from the duties of Secretary of the Royal Society, however, finding myself possessed of more leisure, and believing that tions, deterred

a repertory of which might,

when

embark

I

had myself experienced the advantage

amplified, prove useful to others,

an undertaking which, for the

I

resolved to

last three

or four

me incessant occupation, and has, imposed upon me an amount of labor very much

indeed,

in

years, has given

greater

had anticipated. Notwithstanding all the pains I have bestowed on its execution, I am fully aware of its numerous than

I

deficiencies

and imperfections, and of its

falling far short of

the degree of excellence that might be attained. But, in a

Peter Roget's Preface to the First Edition

work of

this nature,

distance,

I

where perfection

have thought

it

xii

is

best to limit

moderate share of merit which

may

placed

my

at

so great a

ambition to that

claim in

its

present

form; trust to the indulgence of those for whose benefit

it is

intended, and to the candor of critics who, while they find

easy to detect

faults,

can

at the

it

same time duly appreciate

difficulties.

P.M. Roget April 29, 1852

Foreword by Barbara Ann Kipfer, Ph.D.

developing the concise version Inchose to focus on the modernity

guage coverage

of the sixth edition,

I

and scope of the lan-

in Roget's International Thesaurus.

We live

in the Internet

Age, making International Thesaurus ever

more

It

now be used

in the wording of queries World Wide Web. To this end, I have included as many new words and phrases as possible from general vocabulary to scientific and technological

valuable.

can

for search engines accessing the

terms. I

wish

to

acknowledge the help, support, and guidance of

the late Dr. Robert L.

Chapman.

My

editor,

Greg Chaput,

has worked hard to bring the project to fruition and a successful publication.

No one is luckier than I to have the time and the environment I need to complete such a massive undertaking. To that I owe gratitude to my husband and frequent collaborator, Paul Magoulas. To him and to my sons, Kyle and Keir, I would like to repay their love and encouragement. Barbara Ann Kipfer, Ph.D.

Synopsis of Categories

Class One:

18

Power, Potency

39

THE BODY AND THE SENSES

19

Impotence

40 Brownness

1

2 3

Grayness

41

Redness

20 Rest, Repose

42

Orangeness

21

Fatigue

43

Yellowness

22

Sleep

44 Greenness

23

Wakefulness

45

Blueness

46

Purpleness

47

Variegation

48

Hearing

Birth

The Body Hair

4 Clothing Materials 5

Clothing

6

Unclothing

7

Nutrition

8

Eating

9

Refreshment

10

Food

1 1

Cooking

24

Sensation

25

Insensibility

26

Pain

49 Deafness 27

Vision

28

Defective

50 Sound 51

Silence

52

Fainthess of

53

Loudness

54

Resonance

55

Repeated

56

Explosive

Sibilation

Vision

29

Optical

Sound Instruments

30 Blindness 12

Excretion

13

Secretion

14

Bodily

15

16

Weakness

37

17

Energy

31

Visibility

32

Invisibility

33

Appearance

34

Disappearance

Development

35

Color

Strength

36 Colorlessness

57

Whiteness

58

Stridency

Blackness

59

Cry, Call

38

Sounds

Noise

Synopsis of Categories

60 Animal Sounds 61

86 Remedy

110

111

87

Substance

1 1

Solemnity

Abuse

112

Sadness

88

Intoxication,

113

Regret

114

Unregretful-

Discord

62

Taste

Alcoholic

63

Savoriness

Drink

Humor

ness

64 Unsavoriness

89

Tobacco

115

Lamentation

65

Insipidness

90 HealthCare

116

Rejoicing

66

Sweetness

91

Therapy,

117

Dullness

67

Sourness

Medical

1 1

Tedium

68

Pungency

Treatment

119

Aggravation

69

Odor

Psychology,

120

Relief

Psychotherapy

121

Comfort

122

Wonder

123

Unastonish-

124

Hope

92

70 Fragrance 71

Stench

72

Odorlessness

Class Two:

ment

FEELINGS 73

Touch

74

Sensations of

93

Feeling

125

Hopelessness

Touch

94 Lack of

126

Anxiety

Feeling

i27

Fear,

Sex

95

75

Fearfulness

Pleasure

76 Masculinity

96 Unpleasure

128

Nervousness

77

Femininity

97

Pleasantness

129

Unnervousness

78

Reproduction,

98

Unpleasant-

130

Expectation

ness

131

Inexpectation

132

Disappoint-

Procreation

99 Dislike 79

Cleanness

ment

100

Desire

80 Uncleanness

101

Eagerness

133

Premonition

81

Healthfulness

102

Indifference

134

Patience

82

Unhealth-

103

Hate

135

Impatience

fulness

104

Love

136

Pride

105

Excitement

137

Humility

83

Health

106

Inexcitability

138

Servility

84

Fitness,

107

Contentment

139

Modesty

Exercise

108

Discontent

140

Vanity

85

Disease

109

Cheerfulness

141

Arrogance

Synopsis of Categories 142

Insolence

169

Convergence

202

Pendency

143

Kindness,

170

Crossing

203

Parallelism

Benevolence

171

Divergence

204 Obliquity

172

Motion

206

Exteriority

144

Unkindness,

Malevolence

205 .

Inversion

145

Pity

173

Quiescence

207

Interiority

146

Pitilessness

174

Swiftness

208

Centrality

147

Condolence

175

Slowness

148

Forgiveness

176

Transferal,

209

Environment

149

Congratulation

Transportation

210 Circumscrip-

150

Gratitude

177

Travel

151

Ingratitude

178

Traveler

211

Bounds

152

Resentment,

179

Vehicle

212

Enclosure

Anger

180

Ship, Boat

21

Interposition

153

Jealousy

181

Aircraft

214 Intrusion

tion

154

Envy

182

Water Travel

2

155

Respect

183

Mariner

216

Front

156

Disrespect

184

Aviation

217

Rear

157

Contempt

185

Aviator

218

Side

186

Arrival

219

Right Side

220 LeftSide

1

87

Reception

1

88

Departure

1

89

1

Contraposition

Class Three:

PLACE AND CHANGE OF PLACE

Presence

Entrance

221

190

Emergence

222

Absence

191

Insertion

223

Nearness

224

Interval

225

Habitation

158

Space

192

Extraction

159

Location

193

Ascent

160

Displacement

194

Descent

161

Direction

162

Progression

195

163

Regression

196 Contents

164

Deviation

197

Room

226 Nativeness Container

227

Inhabitant,

228

Abode,

229

Furniture

Native

165

Leading

198

Top

166

Following

199

Bottom

167

Approach

200 Verticalness

230 Town, City

168

Recession

201

231

Horizontalness

Habitat

Region

Synopsis of Categories

232 Country 233

261

The Country

289 Notch

Distance,

Remoteness

234 Land 235

290 Furrow 291

Body of Land

262 Form

Fold

292 Opening

236 Plain

263

237

Highlands

264 Symmetry

238

Stream

265

Distortion

295

239

Channel

266

Structure

296 Layer

240 Sea, Ocean

267

Length

241

Lake, Pool

268

Shortness

242

Inlet,

243

Marsh

Gulf

Formlessness

269 Breadth,

293

Closure

294 Texture Covering

297 Weight 298

Lightness

Thickness

270 Narrowness,

299 Rarity

300 Measurement

Thinness Class Four:

MEASURE AND SHAPE

271

Filament

272 Height Class Five:

273

Shaft

Living Things

244 Quantity

274 Lowness

245

275

Degree

.

Depth

301

Youth

246 Mean

276 Shallowness

302 Youngster

247

Greatness

277

Straightness

303

248

Insignificance

278

Angularity

304 Adult or Old

249

Superiority

279 Curvature

250

Inferiority

280

Circularity

25

Increase

281

Convolution

305

282

Sphericity,

306 Life

252 Decrease 253

255

Person

Rotundity

307

Death

308

Killing

Subtraction

Protuberance

256 Remainder

284 Concavity

257

Size, Largeness

285

258

Littleness

286 Bluntness

Sharpness

309 Interment

310 Plants 311

259 Expansion,

Growth 260 Contraction

Organic Matter

283 Convexity,

Addition

254 Adjunct

Age

Animals, Insects

287

Smoothness

288

Roughness

312

Humankind

Synopsis of Categories

335

Negation,

359 Resolution

Denial

360 Perseverance

Class Six:

NATURAL

361

PHENOMENA 313

Season

362 Irresolution

337

Nonimitation

363

338

Compensation

364 Caprice

315

Evening,

339 Carefulness

365

Night

340 Neglect

366 Leap

316 Rain 317

Changing of

Mind

314 Morning,

Noon

Obstinacy

336 Imitation

Air,

Weather

318 Wind

367 Plunge 34

Interpretation

368

Avoidance

342

Misinterpre-

369

Escape

tation

370 Abandonment

Communica-

371

Choice

tion

372

Rejection

Custom, Habit

319 Cloud

320 Bubble

Impulse

343

344

Uncommunicativeness

373

345

Secrecy

374 Unaccus-

Class Seven:

BEHAVIOR AND THE WILL 321

Behavior

346

Concealment

347

Communica-

348

Manifestation

322 Misbehavior 323

Will

324 Willingness 325

327

349 Representation, Description

350 Misrepresen-

Disobedience

tation

35

Disclosure

328 Action

352 Publication

329 Inaction

353

Messenger

330 Activity 331

Inactivity

Motivation,

Inducement

tions

Unwillingness

326 Obedience

tomedness

375

376 Pretext 377

Allurement

378

Bribery

379 Dissuasion

380 Intention 381

Plan

382 Pursuit 383

Route, Path

384 Manner,

Means

354 Falseness 355

Exaggeration

385

Provision,

Equipment

332 Assent

356 Deception

333

357

Deceiver

386

Store,

358

Dupe

387

Use

Dissent

334 Affirmation

Supply

Synopsis of Categories

388.

Consumption

420 Command

Demand

45

Opposition

452 Opponent

389 Misuse

421

390 Disuse

422 Advice

453

391

Uselessness

423

454 Defiance

424 Compulsion

455

392

Improvement

425

456 Disaccord

393

Impairment

Council

Strictness

Resistance

Accord

426 Laxness

457

394 Relapse

427 Leniency

458 Warfare

395

428 Restraint

459 Attack

Destruction

Contention

396 Restoration

429 Confinement

460 Defense

397

Preservation

430 Freedom

461

398

Rescue

431

462 Arms

Liberation

Combatant

399 Warning

432 Subjection

463

400 Alarm

433

464 Peace

401

434 Observance

465

435

Nonobser-

466 Mediation

vance

467 Neutrality

Haste

402 Leisure 403 Endeavor

Submission

404 Undertaking

436 Promise

405

437 Compact

Preparation

406 Unpreparedness

438

Security

439 Offer

407 Accomplish-

ment 408 Nonaccomp-

468

Arena

Pacification

Compromise

469 Possession

470 Possessor 471

Property

440 Request

472 Acquisiti6n

441

473 Loss

Consent

442 Refusal

474 Retention

409 Success

443

475

Relinquish-

410 Failure

444 Prohibition

411

445

476

Participation

lishment

Victory

Permission

Repeal

ment

412 Defeat

446 Promotion

477

Apportionment

413

447

Demotion,

478

Giving

Deposal

479 Receiving

Resignation,

480 Taking

Retirement

481

Skill

414 Unskillfulness 415

Cunning

4

Artlessness

1

417

Authority

418

Lawlessness

419 Precept

448

Restitution

482 Theft

449 Aid

483 Thief

450 Cooperation

484 Parsimony

Synopsis of Categories

485

Liberality

486 Prodigality

515

Fasting

539 Ambiguity

516 Sobriety

540 Talkativeness 487

Celebration

488

Humorousness

541

Conversation

Class Eight:

489 Wit, Humor 490 Banter

491

Cowardice

492 Courage 493

LANGUAGE 517

518

Soliloquy

543

Public

Speaking

Signs, Indicators

544 Eloquence

Meaning

545

519 Latent Mean-

Rashness

494 Caution

542

Grandilo-

quence

ingfulness

520 Meaningless-

546 Letter 547

Writing

495

Fastidiousness

521

Intelligibility

548

Printing

496

Taste,

522

Unintelligi-

549

Record

bility

550 Recorder

523

Language

55

Information

524

Speech

552

News

525

Imperfect

553

Correspon-

Tastefulness

497 Vulgarity

498

Ornamentation

499 Plainness

ness

Speech

dence

500 Affectation

526 Word

501

Ostentation

527

Nomenclature

555

502

Boasting

528

Anonymity

556 Treatise

503

Bluster

554 Book Periodical

529 Phrase

557

Abridgment

504 Courtesy

530 Grammar

558

Library

505

531

Discourtesy

506 Retaliation

Ungrammaticalness

Class Nine:

507

Revenge

508

Ridicule

Human Society and 532 Diction Institutions

533

Elegance

509 Approval

534 Inelegance

510 Disapproval

535

511

536 Figure of

Flattery

512 Disparagement 513

Curse

514 Threat

559 Relationship by Blood

Plain Speech

560 Ancestry

Speech

561

Posterity

537

Conciseness

562

Lovemaking,

538

Diffuseness

Endearment

Synopsis of Categories

563

Marriage

588

Friend

564 Relationship

589 Enmity

by Marriage

590 Misan-

565

Celibacy

566 Divorce,

thropy

591

Widowhood

Organization

614 United Nations, International

593

Evildoer

568 Teaching

594

Jurisdiction

569

595

Tribunal

Misteaching

Government

Spirit

Benefactor

School

Legislature,

Public

592 567

613

Organizations

615

Commission

616 Associate

570 Learning

596 Judge, Jury

571

Teacher

597

Lawyer

572

Student

598

Legal

618

Wealth

Action

619

Poverty

573

617 Association

Direction,

599 Accusation

620 Lending

Management

600

Justification

621

574 Director

601

Acquittal

622 Financial

575

602 Condemna-

Master

576 Deputy,

577

Borrowing

Credit

tion

623

Penalty

624 Payment

Agent

603

Servant,

604 Punishment

Employee

605

625

Nonpayment

Instruments of

Punishment

Debt

626 Expenditure 627

578

Fashion

579

Social

606 The People

628

Accounts

Convention

607

Social Class

629

Transfer of

608

Aristocracy,

580 Formality

and Status

Receipts

Property or

581

Informality

582

Sociability

Nobility,

630

Price,

583

Unsociability

Gentry

631

Discount

632

Expensive-

Cheapness

Right

Fee

584 Seclusion

609

Politics

585

Hospitality,

610

Politician

Welcome

611

Politico-

633

Economic

634 Costless-

586

Inhospitality

ness

ness

Principles

587

Friendship

612

Government

635

Thrift

Synopsis of Categories

666 Indecency

695

Class Ten:

VALUES AND IDEALS

667

Asceticism

668

Temperance

669

Intemperance

Nonreligiousness

696 Worship

636 Ethics

670 Moderation

697

Idolatry

637

671

698

The Ministry

Right

Violence

638 Wrong

672 Gluttony

639 Dueness

673

Legality

700 The Laity

640 Undueness

674

Illegality

701

Religious

641

Duty

675

Religions,

642

Prerogative

702

Ecclesiastical

643

Imposition

703

Religious

699 The Clergy

Rites

Cults, Sects

676 Theology

Attire

644 Probity

677

Deity

645

678

Mythical and

Improbity

646 Honor

Buildings

Polytheistic

Gods and Class Eleven:

647 Insignia 648

Title

Spirits

679

Angel, Saint

680 Evil 649

Justice

650 651

Show

Busi-

Injustice

682

Hell

705

Selfishness

683

Scripture

706 Motion

684 Prophets,

Virtue

Wrongdoing

ness, Theater

685

Pictures

Entertainer

Founders

708

Music

Sanctity

709 Harmonics,

686 Unsanctity

657

Innocence

687

Orthodoxy

658

Atonement

688

Unorthodoxy

659 Good Person

689 Occultism

660 Bad Person

690 Sorcery

661

691

Disrepute

Spell,

Musical

Elements

%

710 Musician 711

Musical Instruments

Charm

662 Repute Sensuality

Dance

707

Religious

656 Guilt

663

704

Heaven

654 Vice 655

Spirits

681

652 Unselfishness 653

ARTS

712 Visual Arts 692 Piety

713

664 Chastity

693

714 Photography

665

694 Impiety

Unchastity

Sanctimony

715

Graphic Arts

Sculpture

Synopsis of Categories

716

Artist

739 Workplace

763

717

Architecture,

740 Weaving

764 Unsubstan-

Design

741

718

Literature

742 Ceramics

Sewing

719 History

Substantiality

tially

765

State

766 Circumstance

720 Poetry

767

Intrinsicality

768

Extrinsicality

Class Thirteen:

721

Prose

722 Fiction 723

SPORTS AND

AMUSEMENTS

769 Accompani-

ment

Criticism of the Arts

743

Amusement

770 Assemblage

744 Sports

77

745

772 Inclusion

Baseball

Dispersion

Class Twelve:

OCCUPATIONS AND CRAFTS

746 Football

773

747

Basketball

774 Extraneousness

748

Tennis

Exclusion

724 Occupation

749 Hockey

775

725

750 Bowling

776 Unrelatedness

Exertion

Relation

726 Worker, Doer

751

Golf

777 Correlation

727

Unionism,

752

Soccer

778

Labor Union

753

Skiing

779 Contrariety

754 Boxing

780 Difference

Money

755 Track and

781

728

729 Finance, Investment

Field

756 Automobile

730 Businessman,

Racing

Sameness

Uniformity

782 Nonuniformity 783

Multiformity

784 Similarity

Copy

Merchant

757 Horse Racing

785

73

Commerce,

758

786 Model

Economics

759 Gambling

732

Illicit

760 Other Sports

733

Cardplaying

787

Dissimilarity

Business

788

Agreement

Purchase

789 Disagreement Class Fourteen:

734 Sale 735

Merchandise

THE MIND AND IDEAS

736 Market 737

Stock Market

761

738

Securities

762 Nonexistence

Existence

790 Equality 791

Inequality

792 Whole 793

Part

794 Completeness

Synopsis of Categories

795

Incomplete-

827

Duration

857

Cessation

ness

828

Transience

858

Conversion

796 Composition 797

Mixture

798

Simplicity

799

Complexity

829 Perpetuity

859 Reversion

830 Instanta-

860 Revolution

neousness

861

831

Event

862

Substitution

832

Measurement

863

Interchange

Evolution

of Time

800 Joining 801

Analysis

833

Anachronism

864

Generality

802

Separation

834

Previousness

865

Particularity

803

Cohesion

835

Subsequence

866

Specialty

804

Noncohesion

836

Simultaneity

867

Conformity

805

Combination

837

The

868

Nonconfor-

806

Disintegration

838

The Present

839

The Future

869

Normality

Past

mity

807

Order

840

Imminence

870

Abnormality

808

Arrangement

841

Newness

871

List

809

Classification

842

Oldness

872

Oneness

810

Disorder

843

Timeliness

873

Doubleness

811

Disarrange-

844

Untimeliness

874

Duplication

ment

845

Earliness

875

Bisection

812

Continuity

846 Lateness

876 Three

813

Discontinuity

847

Frequency

877

Triplication

814

Precedence

848

Infrequency

878

Trisection

815

Sequence

849

Repetition

879

Four

816 Precursor 817

Sequel

818

Beginning

850 Regularity of

880 Quadruplica-

Recurrence 851

819 Middle

tion

Irregularity of

881

Quadrisection

Recurrence

882

Five and Over

883

Plurality

820 End 821

Time

852

Change

884 Numerousness

822

Timelessness

853

Permanence

885N Fewness

823

Infinity

854 Changeable-

824

Period

825

Spell

826 Interim

855

ness

886 Cause

Stability

887

Effect

888

Attribution

856 Continuance

Synopsis of Categories

xxvn

Operation

918

Spectator

890 Productiveness

919

Intellect

891

Unproductive-

920

Intelligence,

892

Production

921

Wise Person

893

Product

922

Unintelligence

894

Influence

923

Foolishness

895

Absence of

924 Fool

Influence

925

Sanity

896 Tendency

926

Insanity,

897

Liability

927

Eccentricity

955

898

Involvement

928

Knowledge

956

Incredulity

899

Concurrence

929

Intellectual

957

Evidence,

Thought

958

Disproof

932

Idea

959

Qualification

933

Absence of

960 No Qualifica-

934

Intuition,

Instinct

961

Throwing

935

Reasoning

962 Prediction

Pulling

936 Sophistry

963

937

Topic

964 Predetermina-

889

tion

tion

900 Counteraction

930 Ignorance 931

Reaction

904 Pushing,

905

906 Leverage, Purchase

938

Inquiry

907

Attraction

939

Answer

908

Repulsion

940 Solution

909 Ejection

941

910 Overrunning

942 Experiment

911

Discovery

Shortcoming

912 Elevation

943

913

944 Discrimination

Depression

914 Circuitous-

945

ness

915

Rotation

Comparison

Supposition

Belief

954 Credulity Unbelief

Proof

tions

Foresight

Necessity

tion

965

Prearrange-

966

Possibility

967

Impossibility

968

Probability

ment

969 Improbability

Indiscrimin-

970 Certainty

ation

971

Uncertainty

972

Chance

973

Truth

946 Judgment

916 Oscillation

947

Prejudgment

917

948

Misjudgment

Agitation

Theory,

952 Philosophy

Thought

Impact

903

951

953

Mania

901

902 Impulse,

950 Underestima-

Wisdom

ness

Support

949 Overestima-

Synopsis of Categories

974 Wise Saying

1000

Badness

975

Error

1001

Bane

976

Illusion

1002

977

Disillusion-

ment Mental

978

1027

Darkness,

Perfection

1028

Shade

1003

Imperfection

1029

Transpar-

1004

Blemish

1005

Mediocrity

1030

Semitrans-

1006

Danger

1031

Opaqueness

1007

Safety

1032

Electricity,

Electronics

Dimness

ency

parency

Attitude

979 Broadmindedness

980 Narrow-

1008

Protection

mindedness

1009

Refuge

981

Curiosity

1010

Prosperity

1033

982

Incuriosity

1011

Adversity

1034

Radio

983

Attention

1012

Hindrance

1035

Television

984

Inattention

1013

Difficulty

1036

Radar,

985

Distraction,

1014

Facility

Confusion

1015

Ugliness

1037

Radiation,

1016

Beauty 1038

Nuclear

1039

Mechanics

986 Imagination 987

Unimagina-

Magnetism

Radiolocators

Radioactivity

Physics

tiveness

Class Fifteen:

988

Specter

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

1040 Tools,

Machinery

989 Memory

1017

Mathematics

1041

Automation

990 Forgetfulness

1018

Physics

1042

Computer

991

1019

Heat 1043

Engineering

Sufficiency

Science

992 Insufficiency

1020 Heating

993

Excess

1021

Fuel

994

Satiety

1022

Incombus-

1044 Friction

tibility

1045

1023

Cold

1046 Hardness,

1024

Refrigera-

995

Expedience

996 Inexpedience 997

Importance

998

Unimportance

999 Goodness

Density

Rigidity

tion

1047

Softness,

1025

Light

1048

Elasticity

1026

Light Source

1049

Toughness

Pliancy

Synopsis of Categories

1050

Brittleness,

XXVlll

1058

Fragility

Vapor, Gas

Minerals,

1067

Metals

1068

Biology

1051

Powderiness,

1059

Rock

1069

Agriculture

Crumbliness

1060

Chemistry,

1070

Animal

1052

Materiality

1053

Immateriality

1071

Earth Science

1054

Materials

1061

Liquidity

1072

The Universe,

1055

Inorganic

1062

Semi-

1073

The Environ-

1074

Rocketry,

1075

Space Travel

Matter

1056

1057

Husbandry

Chemicals

liquidity

Oils,

1063

Pulpiness

Lubricants

1064

Liquefaction

Resins,

1065

Moisture

Gums

1066

Dryness

Astronomy

ment

Missilery

Abbreviations Used This

in

Book

ADJS

adjectives

N

Brit

Britain, British

nf

nonformal usage

Chin

China, Chinese

old

older usage

E

East, Eastern

Pg

Portugal, Portuguese

etc

et cetera

Pi

plural

Russia, Russian

North, Northern

fern

feminine

Russ

Fr

France, French

S

South, Southern

Ger

Germany, German

Scot

Scotland, Scottish

Gk

Greece, Greek

sing

singular

gram

grammar

Skt

Sanskrit

Heb

Hebrew

Sp

Spanish

her

heraldry

Swah

Swahili

Hindu

Hinduism

Swed

Sweden, Swedish

Ir

Ireland, Irish

tm

trademark

Ital

Italy, Italian

US

United States

L

Latin

W

West, Western

masc

masculine

Wei

Wales, Welsh

1.1-2.10

1

podermis, hypoderma; dermis, derma, corium, true skin, cutis; ep-

BIRTH

NOUNS

having a baby, giving birth,

pavement epithelium; endothelium; mesoderm; endoderm, entoderm; blastoderm; ectoderm,

birthing, parturition, biogenesis,

epiblast, ectoblast; enderon;

blessed event, the stork; confine-

tive tissue

1

birth, genesis, nativity,

ithelium,

nascency, childbirth, childbearing,

ment,

5 slough, cast, desquamation, exuviae, molt

lying-in, being brought to

bed, childbed, accouchement; labor, travail, birth throes or pangs;

delivery, blessed event; the Nativity;

al-

2 be born, have

birth,

come

of day, come into the world; hatch; be illegitimate or born out of wedlock, have the bar sinister; be born on the wrong side of the blanket 3 give birth, bear, bear or have young, have; have a baby, bear a child, have children; drop, cast, throw, pup, whelp, kitten, foal, calve, fawn, lamb, cub, yean, farrow, litter, spawn, lay eggs; lie in, be forth, issue forth, see the light

confined, labor, travail

ADJS 4

born, given

birth;

hatched;

bred, begotten, cast, dropped,

whelped, foaled, calved; nee; newborn; stillborn; bearing, giving birth

THE BODY NOUNS 1 body, the person, carcass,

2

anatomy, frame, bodily or corporal or corporeal entity, physical self, physical or bodily structure, physique, soma, somatotype, bod ; organism, organic complex, flesh and blood; the material or physical part

2 the skeleton, the bones, one's bones, framework, frame, structure, bony framework, endoskeleton; axial

propria; allantoic

mem-

brane; amnion, amniotic sac, arach-

noid membrane; serous membrane,

ternative birth

VERBS

6 membrane, membrana, pellicle, chorion; basement membrane,

membrana

multiparity; hatching; littering,

whelping, farrowing; active birth,

connec-

skeleton, appendicular skeleton,

visceral skeleton; rib cage; skeletol-

ogy; cartilage 3 the muscles, myon, voluntary muscle, involuntary muscle; musculature, physique; connective tissue, connectivum; sinew, tendon, ligament, cartilage 4 the skin, skin, dermis, integument,

epidermis, scarfskin, ecderon; hy-

serosa,

membrana

serosa;

eardrum,

tympanic membrane, tympanum, membrana tympana; mucous membrane; velum; peritoneum; periosteum; pleura; pericardium; meninx, meninges; perineurium, neurilemma; conjunctiva; hymen or maidenhead 7 member, appendage, external organ; head, noggin and noodle ; arm; forearm; wrist; elbow; upper arm, biceps; leg, limb, shank, gam and pin , legs; shin, cnemis; ankle, tarsus; calf; knee; thigh,

ham;

popliteal space;

hand, paw

, finger; foot, dog and puppy , toe 8 teeth, dentition, ivories and choppers , pearly whites; periodontal tissue,

alveolar ridge, alveolus;

tooth, fang, tusk; snag, snaggletooth, peg; bucktooth; pivot tooth;

cuspid, bicuspid; canine tooth, canine, dogtooth, eyetooth, carnassial;

molar, grinder; premolar; incisor, cutter, fore-tooth;

wisdom

tooth;

milk tooth, baby tooth, deciduous tooth; permanent tooth; crown, cusp, dentine, enamel 9 eye, visual organ, organ of vision, oculus, optic, orb, peeper ; clear eyes, bright eyes, starry orbs; saucer eyes, popeyes, goggle eyes; naked

eye, unassisted or unaided eye; cor-

ner of the eye; epicanthus, epicanthic fold; eyeball; retina; lens; cornea; sclera; optic nerve; iris; pupil; eyelid, lid, nictitating

coat,

membrane; choroid

aqueous humor, vitreous humor

10 ear, auditory apparatus, hearing organ, lug ; external ear, outer

2.11-2.20

ear; auricle, pinna; tragus; cauliflower ear; concha, conch, shell; ear lobe, lobe, lobule; auditory canal,

acoustic or auditory meatus; helix;

middle ear, tympanic cavity, tympanum; eardrum, drumhead, tympanic membrane; auditory ossicles; malleus, hammer, incus, anvil;

15 brain, encephalon; cerebrum, cerebellum 16 viscera, vitals, internal organs, insides, innards, entrails, inwards, internals, thoracic viscera, abdomi-

stachian or auditory tube; inner

nal viscera; inner mechanism; peritoneum, peritoneal cavity; guts and kishkes and giblets ; heart, ticker and pump , endocardium, atria, ventricles, aorta;

ear; round window, secondary

lung, lungs; liver; gallbladder;

stapes, stirrup; mastoid process; eu-

eardrum; oval window; bony labyrinth, utricle;

membraneous

labyrinth,

perilymph, endolymph;

vestibule; semicircular canals;

cochlea; basilar membrane, organ of Corti; auditory or acoustic nerve 11 nose, nasal organ, snout, smeller, proboscis, beak, schnoz ; nostril,

naris, nasal cavity; olfactory

nerve 12 mouth, oral cavity; lips, tongue, taste buds; mandible, jaw; gums, periodontal tissue; uvula; teeth

13 genitals,

genitalia, sex organs, repro-

ductive organs, pudenda, private parts, privy parts, privates

or meat

; crotch, crutch , pubic region, perineum, pelvis; male organs; penis, phallus, glans penis; gonads; testes, testicles, balls and nuts and rocks and ballocks and family jewels ; spermary; scrotum; vas deferens; female organs; vulva; vagina; clitoris, glans clitoridis; labia, labia majora, labia minora, lips, uterus,

nymphae; cervix; ovary;

womb,

ondary sex bis,

mons

fallopian tubes; sec-

characteristic,

mons pu-

veneris, pubic hair, beard;

breasts

14 nervous system, nerves, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system; autonomic nervous system; sympathetic or thoracolumbar nervous system, parasympathetic or craniosacral nervous system; nerve; neuron; nerve cell, sensory or afferent neuron, sensory cell; motor or afferent neuron; association or internuncial neuron; axon, dendrite,

myelin or medullary sheath; synapse; effector organ; nerve trunk; ganglion; plexus, solar plexus; spinal cord

spleen; pancreas; kidney, kidneys;

urethra

17 digestion, ingestion, assimilation, absorption; primary digestion, secondary digestion, peristalsis; predigestion; salivary digestion, gastric

or peptic digestion, pancreatic

di-

gestion, intestinal digestion; digestive system, alimentary canal,

gastrointestinal tract; salivary

glands, gastric glands, liver, pancreas; digestive secretions, saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice, bile

18 mouth, maw, salivary glands; gullet, crop, craw,

throat, pharynx; esophagus, gorge,

wizen ; fauces, isthmus of the fauces; abdomen; stomach, belly, midriff, diaphragm; swollen or dis-

tended or protruding or prominent embonpoint , paunch,

belly,

ventripotence; underbelly; pylorus; intestine, intestines, entrails, els;

bow-

small intestine, villus, odenum,

jejunum, ileum; blind gut, cecum; foregut, hindgut; midgut, mesogaster; appendix, vermiform appendix or process; large intestine, colon, sigmoid flexure, rectum; anus

19 goozle, guzzle;

turn,

tummy,

breadbasket, gut, bulge, corporation, spare tire,

bay window, pot,

potbelly, beerbelly, swagbelly; guts, tripes, stuffings

20 metabolism, metabolic process; basal metabolism, acid-base metab-

olism, energy metabolism; an-

abolism, substance metabolism, constructive metabolism, assimilation; catabolism, destructive metabolism, disassimilation; endogenous

metabolism, exogenous metabolism; metabolic rate

2.21-3.1

21 breathing, respiration, aspiration,

body, globulin; opsonin; blood grouping; blood count; hemato-

inspiration, inhalation; expiration, exhalation; insufflation, ex-

wind, breath of air; pant, puff; wheeze, asthmatic wheeze; broken wind; gasp, gulp; sufflation; breath,

scope, hematoscopy, hemometer; bloodstream ADJS 26 skeletal; bone, osteal; bony, osseous, ossiferous; ossicular; ossi-

myelic; muscle,

snoring, snore, stertor; sniff, sniffle,

fied; spinal,

snuff, snuffle; sigh, suspiration;

cular, myoid; cartilage,

sneeze, sternutation; cough, hack;

hiccup; artificial respiration, kiss

of

life,

cartilaginous

27 cutaneous,

mouth-to- mouth resuscita-

22 lungs, bellows ; diaphragm; windpipe, trachea, wizen ; bronchus,

dermic; ectodermal, ectodermic; endermic, endermatic; cortical; epi-

bronchi , bronchial tube;

23 duct,

cuticular; skinlike,

skinny; skin-deep; epidermal, epidermic, ecderonic; hypodermic, hypodermal, subcutaneous; dermal,

tion

carpal; testaceous;

membranous

28 eye, optic, ophthalmic;

epiglottis

vessel, canal, passage; gland;

vasculature, vascularity, vasculariza-

mus-

visual; ear,

otic; aural

29 genital;

meatus; thoracic duct, lymphatic; pore; urethra, urete;

phallic, penile, penial; tes-

ticular; scrotal; spermatic, seminal;

tion; vas,

vulvar, vulval; vaginal; clitoral; cer-

vagina; oviduct, fallopian tube;

vical; ovarian; uterine; reproductive,

salpinx; eustachian tube; ostium;

generative, hormonal

fistula; blood vessel; artery, aorta, pulmonary artery, carotid; vein, jugular vein, vena cava, pulmonary

vein; portal vein, varicose vein; ve-

30 nerve, neural; brain, cerebral, cerebellar, nervous, synaptic

31 digestive; stomachal, stomachic, abdominal; ventral, celiac, gastric, ventricular; big-bellied 257.18; metabolic, basal metabolic, anabolic,

nation; capillary; arteriole, veinlet,

veinule, venule

24 humor,

lymph, chyle,

choler, yellow bile, black bile;

rheum; serous

fluid,

catabolic; assimilative, dissimilative

32 respiratory, breathing;

serum* plasma;

inspiratory,

expiratory; nasal, rhinal; bronchial,

pus, matter, purulence; suppura-

tracheal; lung, pulmonary, pul-

tion; ichor, sanies; discharge; gleet,

monic, pneumonic; puffing, huffing, snorting, wheezing, wheezy, asth-

leukorrhea, the whites; mucus;

phlegm, snot ;

matic, stertorous, snoring, panting,

saliva, spit;

urine, piss ; perspiration,

sweat; tear, teardrop, lachryma; milk, mother's milk, colostrum, lactation; semen; cerumen, earwax 25 blood, whole blood, lifeblood, venous blood, arterial blood, gore; ichor, humor; grume; serum, blood serum; blood substitute; plasma, synthetic plasma, plasma substitute,

heaving; sniffy,

sniffly, sniffling,

snuffy, snuffly, snuffling; sneezy, sternutative, sternutatory, errhine

33 circulatory, vascular, vascularized, circulating; vasiform; venous, veinal, venose; capillary; arterial, aortic; blood, hematal, hematic; bloody, gory, sanguinary; lym-

phatic, rheumy, humoral, phlegmy,

dextran, clinical dextran; blood cell

ichorous, serous, sanious; pussy,

or corpuscle, hemocyte; red corpuscle or blood cell, erythrocyte; white corpuscle or blood cell, leukocyte, blood platelet; hemoglobin; blood pressure; circulation; blood group or type, type O or A or B or AB; Rh-type, Rh-positive, Rh-negative; Rh factor or Rhesus

purulent, suppurated or suppurating,

factor; antigen, antibody, isoanti-

suppurative; teary, tearing, tearlike,

lachrymal, lacrimal, lacrimatory; mucous; sweaty, perspiring; urinary

HAIR NOUNS

3

1 hairiness, shagginess, hir-

suteness, pilosity, fuzziness, frizzi-

3.2-3.27

ness, furriness, downiness, fluffi-

ness, woolliness, fleeciness, bristliness, stubbliness, burrheadedness,

mopheadedness, shockheadedness; crinosity, hispidity, villosity; hypertrichosis, pilosis, pilosism, pilosity

2 hair,

fur 4.2, coat, pelt, fleece, wool, camel's hair, horsehair; mane; shag, tousled or matted hair, mat of hair; pubescence, pubes, pupile,

bic hair; hairlet, villus, capillament, cilium, ciliolum 27 1 bristle

3 gray

.

1

;

seta, setula;

288.3

or silvery

white hair, salt-and-pepper hair or beard, graying temples 4 head of hair, head, crine; crop, crop of hair, mat, elflock, thatch, mop, shock, shag, fleece, mane; locks, tresses, crowning glory, helmet of hair

5 lock, tress; flowing locks, flowing tresses; curl, ringlet; earlock,

payess ; lovelock; frizzle;

frizz,

crimp; ponytail

tuft, flock, fleck; forelock,

widow's

peak, quiff , fetlock, cowlick;

bang, bangs, fringe 7 braid, plait, twist; pigtail, rat's-tail or rat-tail, tail; queue, cue; coil, knot; topknot, scalplock, pigtail, bunches; bun, chignon; widow's peak

8 beard, whiskers;

full

beard, chin

whiskers, side whiskers; sideburns, burnsides, muttonchops; goatee, tuft;

drying, finger-drying; hair dryer

16 feather, plume, pinion;

quill; pin-

feather; contour feather, penna,

down

feather,

plume

feather,

plumule; filoplume; hackle; scaputopknot; panache

lar; crest, tuft,

17 rel;

quill,

calamus, bar-

barb, shaft, barbule, barbicel,

cilium, filament, filamentule

hair, grizzle, silver

hair,

6

15 hairdo, hairstyle, haircut, coiffure, coif, headdress; wave; marcel, marcel wave; permanent, permanent wave; home permanent; cold wave; blow-

imperial,

Vandyke, spade

18 plumage, feathers, feather, feathering; contour feathers; breast feathers, mail ; hackle; flight feathers; remiges, primaries, sec-

ondaries, tertiaries; covert, tectrices;

speculum, wing bay 19 down, fluff, flue, floss, fuzz, fur, pile; eiderdown, eider; swansdown; thistledown; lint

VERBS

20 grow or sprout

hair;

whisker, bewhisker

21 feather, fledge, feather out; sprout wings 22 cut or dress the hair, trim, barber, coiffure, coif, style or shape the hair; pompadour, wave, marcel; process, conk; bob, shingle ADJS 23 hairlike, trichoid, capillary; filamentous, filamentary, filiform; bristlelike

288.10

24 hairy, hirsute, barbigerous, crinite,

crinose,

pubescent; pilose, pilous,

pileous; furry, furred; villous; vil-

beard; adolescent beard, pappus,

lose; ciliate, cirrose; hispid, hispidu-

down, peach

lous, setal; woolly, fleecy, lanate,

fuzz; stubble, bristles,

shadow 9 awn, brush, pile, pappus 10 five o'clock

lanated, flocky, flocculent, floccose; arista,

tactile

process, tactile hair, feeler, an-

tenna, vibrissa; barb, barbel, barbule; cat whisker 11 mustache, toothbrush, handle bars or handlebar mustache, Fu Manchu mustache, Zapata mustache, walrus

mustache 12 eyelashes, lashes,

cilia;

eyebrows,

brows 13 false

hair, hair extensions, switch,

chignon 14 wig, peruke, toupee, hairpiece, rug ; periwig fall,

woolly-headed, woolly-haired, ulotrichous; bushy, tufty, shaggy,

shagged; matted, tomentose; mopheaded, burrheaded, shockheaded, unshorn; bristly 288.9; fuzzy 25 bearded, whiskered, whiskery, be-

whiskered, barbate, barbigerous; mustached or mustachioed; awned, awny, pappose; goateed; unshaved, unshaven; stubbled, stubbly 26 wigged, periwigged, peruked, toupeed

27 feathery, plumy; like,

hirsute; feather-

plumelike, pinnate, pennate;

downy,

fluffy,

nappy, velvety,

peachy, fuzzy, flossy, furry

3.28-5.17

28 feathered, plumaged, flighted, pinioned, plumed, pennate, plumate, plumose 29 tufted, crested, topknotted

CLOTHING MATERIALS NOUNS 1 material, fabric, cloth,

4

clothes, slops;

6

napery, table linen,

7

8

felt; silk; lace;

cotton; wool; polyester; nylon; rag,

9

rags

2 fur, pelt, hide, fell, fleece, vair ; imitation fur, fake fur, synthetic fur, furring; peltry, skins;

leather, rawhide; chamois, patent leather, suede; imitation leather,

leatherette

CLOTHING NOUNS 1 clothing, clothes, apparel,

5

wear, wearing apparel, day wear, dress, dressing, raiment, garmenture, garb, attire, array, habit, ha-

castoffs;

suit, suit

of clothes, frock, dress,

costume, habit, bib and tucker

textile, textile fabric, texture, tissue, stuff, weave, weft, woof, web, goods, drapery; thread, yarn, rope;

hand-me-downs,

consignment clothes

10

; business suit, three-piece suit, two-piece suit uniform, livery, monkey suit ; nurse's uniform, police officer's uniform, etc.; athletic team uniform, baseball uniform, etc. mufti, civilian dress or clothes, civvies , plain clothes costume, costumery, character dress; outfit and getup; masquerade, disguise, mask; tights, leotards; ballet skirt, tutu, bodysuit; motley, cap and bells; silks; buskin, sock finery, frippery, fancy dress, fine or full feather , investiture, regalia, caparison, fig or full fig ; best clothes, best bib and tucker ; Sunday best and Sunday clothes, glad rags , party

dress, dressy clothes 11 formal dress, formals, evening

dress, full dress, dress clothes, eve-

biliment, fashion, style 578.1, guise,

ning wear, white tie and tails, soupand-fish ; dinner clothes; dress

costume, costumery, gear, toilette, trim, bedizenment; vestment, ves-

; tuxedo, tux , dinner

canonigarment; garments,

suit, full-dress suit, tail coat, tails

ture, investment, investiture,

jacket; regalia, court dress; dress

cals, liturgical

uniform, full-dress uniform, special full-dress uniform, social full-dress uniform; whites , dress whites; evening gown or dress, dinner dress

robes, robing, rags , drapery, finery, feathers;

toggery or togs or

duds or threads , sportswear; work clothes, fatigues; linen; menswear, men's clothing,

wom-

enswear, women's clothing; unisex clothing, uniwear, gender-crossing clothing; gender bender; latest fashion

bow

tie,

cummerbund

12 cloak, overgarment 13 outerwear; coat, jacket; overcoat, great-coat, topcoat, surcoat; rain-

2 wardrobe, furnishings, things, accouterments, trappings; outfit, ery, harness, caparison; getup;

wedding

or gown; morning dress, morning coat; semiformal dress; black tie,

liv-

clothes, bridal outfit,

trousseau; maternity clothes

3 garment, vestment, vesture, robe, frock, gown, togs and duds 4 ready-mades, ready-to-wear, offthe-rack clothes, store or storebought clothes, wash-and-wear, dry goods 5 rags, tatters, secondhand clothes, seconds, old clothes, consignment clothes, Goodwill clothes; worn

wear; rain gear, raincoat, slicker, rainsuit, foul weather gear; cape, poncho, anorak, parka, ski jacket, trench coat, windbreaker; sport coat

or jacket 14 weskit, vest; down vest 15 shirt, waist, shirtwaist,

linen, shift;

blouse, bodice; pullover, shell, T-shirt; dickey; turtleneck; sweater, pullover, cardigan, sweatshirt; tank top, halter

16 dress, gown, frock; skirt, miniskirt, culottes, dirndl; jumper 17 apron; pinafore, bib, tucker; smock

5.18-5.39 18 pants, trousers, pair of trousers or pants, breeches, britches, pan-

waffle-stompers

and shitkickers

taloons; jeans, designer jeans, blue

; oxfords, saddle shoes, pumps, espadrilles, high heels, platform

jeans, dungarees; slacks; khakis,

shoes,

chinos; corduroys or cords, flannels,

flops, zoris, jellies; athletic shoes,

ducks, pinstripes, bell-bottoms, hip-

tennis shoes, sneakers;

huggers, Capri pants or Capris,

shoes, clogs; slippers, moccasins

pegged pants, pedal pushers,

leg-

gings, overalls, knickers, breeches,

jodhpurs, sweatpants; shorts, short pants,

Bermuda

swimming

shorts, hot pants,

shorts, cycling shorts,

gym

dhoti, moocha; diaper, napkins , nappies 20 dishabille, undress, something more comfortable; negligee; wrap,

wrapper; sport clothes, playwear, activewear, sportswear, casual wear, leisurewear, casual clothes or dress, fling-on clothes, loungewear, plain clothes, dress-down clothes, knock-around clothes, grubbies ; dress-down day, casual day 21 nightwear, nightclothes, sleepwear; nightdress, nightgown, nightie, negligee, nightshirt;

mas , caftan,

suit,

tank

suit,

tank top,

trunks; bikini, string bikini or

string, thong; trunks,

swimming

wet suit; coverup 30 children's wear; rompers, jumpers; creepers; layette, baby clothes, infantwear, infants' wear, baby linen; swaddling clothes, swaddle 31 scarf, shoulder pads, trunks;

belt, glove, mitten,

handkerchief,

sunglasses, jewelry; neckwear,

tie,

necktie; collar, dickey

32 garment making, tailoring; dressmaking, the rag trade , fashion design, haute couture, Seventh Avenue, the garment industry, Garment District; millinery, hatmaking, hatting; hosiery; shoemaking, bootmaking, cobbling;

pajamas, pyja-

habilimentation

33

bed jacket

clothier,

haberdasher, draper

, outfitter; costumier, cos-

22 underclothes, underclothing, undergarments, body wear, underwear, undies , skivvies, BVD's , Jockey shorts , body clothes, smallclothes, unmentionables , intimate apparel, lin-

tumer; glover; hosier; furrier; dry

goods dealer, mercer 34 garmentmaker, garmentworker, needleworker; cutter,

stitcher, fin-

isher

35

tailor, tailoress, sartor; fitter;

woolens

busheler, bushelman; furrier, cloak-

stays, foundation

maker 36 dressmaker, modiste, couturiere or

gerie; flannels,

23 corset,

suit;

pj's; sleepers; robe,

bathrobe, dressing gown, housecoat,

wooden

maillot, one-piece suit, two-piece

shorts

waistcloth, G-string, loinguard,

loafers; sandals, flip-

28 hosiery, legwear, hose, stockings, nylons, tights; socks, bobby socks 29 swimwear; bathing suit, swimsuit,

Jamaica shorts, surfer shorts, short 19 belt 280.3; sash, cummerbund; loincloth, breechcloth or breechclout,

penny

garment, corselet; girdle, undergirdle, panty girdle; garter belt; teddy 24 brassiere, bra, bandeau, underwire bra, push-up bra; falsies 25 headdress, headgear, headwear, headclothes; millinery; headpiece,

chapeau, cap, hat, helmet; bonnet, stocking cap,

cowboy

hat, visor,

baseball cap; headcloth, kerchief,

bandanna, coverchief; handkerchief

26 veil, veiling, veiler; mantilla 27 footwear, footgear; shoes, boots; clodhoppers and gunboats and

couturier ; fashion designer;

seamstress 741.2

37 hatter, hatmaker, milliner 38 shoemaker, bootmaker, booter, cobbler

VERBS

39

clothe, enclothe, dress,

garb, attire, tire, array, apparel, raiment, garment, habilitate, robe, enrobe, invest, endue, deck, bedeck, dight; drape, bedrape; wrap, enwrap, lap, envelop, sheathe, shroud, en-

shroud, invest; wrap or bundle or

muffle up; swathe, swaddle

5.40-6.8

40 cloak, mantle;

coat, jacket;

gown,

ready-made, store-bought and off-

frock; breech; shirt; hat, coif, bonnet, cap,

the-rack, ready-to-wear; vestmental;

hood; boot, shoe; stocking,

sartorial

sock

41

outfit; equip, accouter, uniform, ca-

parison, rig, rig out or up,

fit, fit

out, turn out, costume* habit, suit;

UNCLOTHING NOUNS 1 unclothing, divestment, di-

6

design; tailor, tailor-make, custom-

make, make

vestiture, divesture;

removal; strip-

ping, denudement, denudation;

to order

42 dress up, get up, doll or spruce up, primp, gussy up, spiff or fancy or slick up, pretty up, deck out or up, trick out or up; dress to kill, titivate,

baring, stripping or laying bare, uncovering, exposure, exposing; inde-

bedeck, dizen, bedizen; overdress; put on the dog or style ; dress down, underdress 43 don, put on, slip on or into, get on or into, try on, assume, dress in, adorn; change; suit up 44 wear, have on, dress in, be dressed in, put on, slip on, affect, sport;

ation; desquamation, exfoliation; ex-

change

ADJS 45 torial;

into; try

on

clothing; dress, vestiary, sar-

cent exposure, exhibitionism,

Hashing ; decortication, excoriuviation, ecdysis

2 disrobing, undressing, undress,

striptease, stripping; skinny-

dipping,

mooning ,

flashing

3 nudity, nakedness, bareness; the nude, the altogether and the buff

raw ; state of nature, birthday suit ; not a stitch, not a stitch to one's name, not a stitch , the

clothed, clad, dressed, at-

tired, tired, arrayed,

dis-

robement, unclothing; uncasing, diseasing; shedding, molting, peeling;

garbed,

garmented, habited, habilimented, decked, bedecked, decked-out,

on one's back;

turned-out, tricked-out, rigged-out,

decollete', decolletage, toplessness;

vested, vestmented, robed,

gowned,

raimented, appareled, invested, endued, liveried, uniformed; costumed, in costume, cloaked, mantled, disguised; breeched,

full-frontal nudity;

nudism, naturism, gymnosophy; nudist, naturist, gymnosophist, exhibitionist; stripper, stripteaser,

ecdysiast, topless dancer

4 hairlessness, baldness, acomia,

trousered, pantalooned; coifed,

alopecia; calvities; hair loss; beard-

capped, bonneted, hatted, hooded; shod, shoed, booted 46 dressed up, dolled or spruced up;

ness; baldhead, baldpate, skinhead;

spiffed or fancied or slicked up , gussied up; spruce, dressed to advantage, dressed to the nines, dressed or fit to kill ; in Sunday

lessness, bald-headedness

shaving, tonsure, depilation; hair re-

mover, depilatory

VERBS

5 divest, strip, strip away, remove; uncover, uncloak, unveil, expose, lay open, bare, lay or strip bare, denude, denudate; fleece,

best, in one's best bib and tucker , in fine or high feather; in full

dress, in full feather, in white tie

and

tails, in tails;

well-dressed,

chic, soigni , stylish, modish,

well-turned, well turned-out; dressy; overdressed

shear; pluck; strip-search

6 take

remove, doff, off with, put or step out of, slip off, slough off, cast off, throw off, drop; unwrap, undo 7 undress, unclothe, undrape, ungarment, unapparel, unarray, disarray; disrobe; unsheathe, disease, uncase; strip, do a strip-tease; skinny-dip, flash , moon

negligee; casual, nonformal, sporty, in one's shirtsleeves; baggy, sloppy; skintight, d6collete\ low-necked,

48

custom-made, tailor-made, made-to-order, bespoke ;

tailored,

off,

off, slip

47 in dishabille, en deshabille , in

low-cut; underdressed, half-dressed

or -pated-

8

peel, pare, skin, strip, flay, excoriate, decorticate, bark; scalp; depilate,

shave

6.9-7.11

9 husk, hull, pod, shell, shuck 10 shed, cast, throw off, slough, molt, slough

off,

food or nutritive value, food intake; food chain or cycle; food tation;

pyramid, recommended daily vitamins and minerals

exuviate

11 scale, flake, scale or flake off, desquamate, exfoliate ADJS 12 divested, stripped, bared,

denuded, denudated, exposed, uncovered, stripped or laid bare, unveiled, showing; unsheathed, diseased, uncased 13 unclad, undressed, unclothed, unattired, disrobed, ungarmented, undraped, ungarbed, unrobed, unappareled, uncased; clothesless, garbless, garmentless, raimentless;

half-clothed, underclothed, in dishabille, nudish; low-necked,

low-cut, decollete, strapless, top-

2 nutritiousness, nutritiveness, digestibility, assimilability; healthful-

ness

3 nutrient,

nutritive, nutriment 10.3, food; nutrilite, growth factor, growth regulator; natural food,

health food; roughage, fiber, dietary fiber

4 vitamin, vitamin complex; multivitamin; vitamin supplement 5 carbohydrate, carbo or carbs , simple carbohydrate, complex carbohydrate; hydroxy aldehyde, hydroxy ketone, glycogen, cellulose,

less; seminude, scantily clad 14 naked, nude; bare, peeled, raw

, in the

disaccharide, trisaccharide, polysac-

raw

, in a state of nature, in nature's garb; in one's birthday suit, in the buff and in native

ketone, saccharide, monosaccharide,

charide or poly saccharose; sugar;

starch

6 protein or proteid, simple

buff and stripped to the buff

protein,

conjugated protein, protein struc-

amino

and in the altogether , with

ture;

nothing on, without a stitch, without a stitch to one's name or on one's back; stark-naked, bare-ass , bare as the back of one's hand,

acid; peptide, dipeptide, polypep-

acid, essential

amino

tide, etc.; globulin, collagen, gluten,

immunoglobulin, hemoglobin

7

fat, glyceride, lipid, lipoid; lecithin;

naked as the day one was born, naked as a jaybird , starkers

terol, glycerol-cholesterol,

; topless, bare-breasted, bot-

cephalin-cholesterol; triglyceride;

tomless, bare-bottomed; nudist, na-

lipoprotein, high-density lipopro-

gymnosophical 15 barefoot, barefooted, unshod;

fatty acid; steroid, sterol; choles-

tein

turistic,

dis-

calced, discalceate

16 bare-ankled, bare-armed, barebacked, bare-breasted, topless, barechested, bare-faced, bare-handed, bare-headed, bare-kneed, barelegged, bare-necked, bare-throated 17 hairless, depilous; bald, acomous; bald as a coot, bald as an egg; bald-

tein

or HDL, low-density lipoproor LDL; polyunsaturated fat;

saturated

fat;

absorption; primary digestion, sec-

ondary digestion; predigestion; salivary digestion, gastric or peptic digestion, pancreatic digestion, intestinal digestion; digestive system,

alimentary canal, gastrointestinal

headed, bald-pated, tonsured;

tract; salivary

beardless, whiskerless, shaven, clean-shaven, smooth-shaven,

liver,

smooth-faced; smooth, glabrous 18 exuvial, sloughy; desquamative, exfoliatory; denudant or denudatory; peeling, shedding

unsaturated fat

8 digestion, ingestion, assimilation,

glands, gastric glands,

pancreas; digestive secretions,

saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic

juice, intestinal juice, bile

9 digestant, digester, digestive; pepsin; enzyme, proteolytic enzyme 10 enzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme, isoenzyme; transferase, hydrolase,

7

NUTRITION

NOUNS

1

nutrition, nourishment,

nourishing, feeding, nurture; alimen-

lyase, isomerase, polymerase,

amy-

lase, diastase; pepsin, rennin;

proen-

zyme, zymogen 11 essential element, macronutrient;

7.12-8.6

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,

calcium, phosphorus, potassium,

sodium, chlorine, sulfur, magnesium; trace element, micronutrient; iron, manganese, zinc, copper, io-

molybdenum, chromium, silicon 12 metabolism, basal metabolism, acid-base metabolism, energy medine, cobalt, selenium,

tabolism; anabolism, assimilation;

catabolism, disassimilation

13 diet, dieting, dietary; dietetics; regimen, regime; bland diet; soft diet, pap, spoon food or meat; balanced

ishing, savoring; gourmet eating or dining, fine dining, gourmandise,

gastronomy; nibbling, pecking, licking, munching; snacking; devouring, gobbling, wolfing, downing, gulping; gorging, overeating, gluttony, overconsumption; chewing, mastication, manducation, rumination; feasting, regaling, regalement;

appetite, hunger 100.7; nutrition 7; dieting 7.13; gluttony 672; car-

nivorism, carnivorousness, carnivority;

herbivorism, herbivority,

herbivorousness, grazing, browsing,

diet; diabetic diet, allergy diet, re-

cropping, pasturing, pasture; vege-

ducing

tarianism, phytophagy; omnivorism,

diet,

weight-loss diet, obe-

sity diet; high-calorie diet,

low-calorie diet, watching one's

weight or calories, calorie-counting; liquid diet; high-protein diet, lowcarbohydrate

low-sodium

diet; low-salt diet,

diet, salt-free diet;

fat diet, fat-free diet;

ful, piece, slice, tidbit; nibble,

low-

macrobiotic diet; crash diet, fad diet; diet book, calorie counter 14 vitaminization, fortification, enrichment, restoration; food additive 15 nutritionist, dietitian, vitaminologist, enzymologist 16 dietetics, didiet;

etotherapeutics, dietotherapy; vita-

minology; enzymology VERBS 17 nourish, feed, sustain, aliment, nurture, fatten up; sustain,

cook

for,

wine and dine,

regale; force-feed

18 digest, assimilate, absorb; metabolize;

predigest

19 diet, go on a diet; watch one's weight or calories, count calories

20 vitaminize, fortify, enrich, restore ADJS 21 nutritious, nutritive, nutrient, tal;

nip;

munch; gnash; chomp;

appetizer, hors d'oeuvre

vegetarianism, lactovegetarianism,

strengthen;

munchies; cud, quid; bolus, gobbet;

chew;

low-

cholesterol diet; sugar-free diet;

vegan

omnivorousness, pantophagy; cannibalism, anthropophagy; omophagia or omophagy 2 bite, morsel, taste, swallow; mouth-

nourishing; alimentary, alimendigestible, assimilable

22 digestive, assimilative; peptic 23 dietary, dietetic; regiminal

3 drinking, imbibing, imbibition, potation; lapping, sipping, tasting,

nipping; quaffing, gulping, swigging, swilling

and guzzling;

winebibbing; compotation, symposium; drunkenness 88.1,3 4 drink, potation, beverage, potion, libation, oblation, thirst-quencher; draft,

dram, drench, swig, swill and

guzzle, quaff, sip, sup, suck,

bumper, snort and slug ,

tot,

lap,

gulp, slurp; nip, peg; toast, health;

mixed

drink, cocktail; nightcap

5 meal, repast, feed and sit-down , mess, spread, table, board, meat; refreshment, refection, regalement, collation, entertainment, treat; frozen meal 6 breakfast, petit dejeuner , continental breakfast, English breakfast, American breakfast; meat breakfast; brunch, Sunday brunch, elevenses ; lunch, luncheon,

tiffin,

hot lunch, light lunch,

box lunch, brown-bag lunch;

tea,

teatime, high tea, afternoon tea,

cream

EATING NOUNS 1 eating, feeding, dining,

8

dinner, diner , eve-

ning meal; supper, souper ;

box lunch, packed lunch ; takeout; precooked frozen meal, TV dinner; picbuffet supper or lunch;

messing; ingestion, consumption,

consuming, deglutition; tasting,

tea;

rel-

10

8.7-8.19

7

8

9

10

nic, cookout, alfresco meal, fete champetre, tailgate picnic, barbecue, fish fry, clambake, wiener roast or wienie roast; pot luck; midnight supper or snack light meal, refreshments, light repast, light lunch, spot of lunch, collation, snack and nosh , bite , bite to eat; informal meal; coffee break, tea break hearty meal, full meal, healthy meal, large or substantial meal, heavy meal, square meal, mansized meal, large order; three squares; formal meal, sit-down meal feast, banquet, regale, buffet, smorgasbord, festal board, groaning board, spread; Lucullan banquet, bacchanalia; blow or blowout , feeding frenzy ; dinner party serving, service; portion, helping, help; second helping, seconds; course; dish, plate; plat dujour ; first course, starter, soup, entree, entree , main course, en-

tremets, side dish; dessert

11 , blues, blue devils, mulligrubs,

humor, bad humor, bad

temper, rotten or ill or evil temper, ill nature, filthy or rotten or evil humor; sourness, biliousness, liverishness; choler, bile, gall, spleen;

abrasiveness, causticity, corrosiveness, asperity 144.8;

anger 152.5;

discontent 108

2

8 sullenness, sulkiness, surliness, moroseness, glumness, grumness, grimness, mumpishness, dumpishness, dourness; moodiness, moodishness; mopishness, mopiness ; dejection, melancholy 112.5 9 scowl, frown, lower, glower, pout, moue, mow, grimace, wry face; sullen looks, black looks, hangdog look, long face 10 sulks, sullens, mopes, mumps, dumps, grumps , frumps , in high

32 infuriated,

in a

wax

NOUNS

1 progression, progress, gogoing forward; ongoing, on-go, go-ahead , onward course, rolling, rolling on; advance, advanc-

make a break for , run or dash for, make a run or dash break

for,

ing,

for

10 go directly, go straight, follow one's nose, go straight on,

straight for, vector

for,

go

ing,

head

follow a course, keep or hold one's course, hold steady for, arrow for, line, keep pointed; a beeline, go as the crow

cleave to the flies;

take the air line, stay

on

ness, progressivity; passage, course,

march, career, full career; midpassage, midcourse, midcareer; travel

the

beam 11 orient, orientate, orient or orientate oneself, orient the map or chart,

177; improvement 392

VERBS

2 progress, advance, pro-

ceed, go, go or

take or get one's bearings, get the lay or lie of the land, see which way the land lies, see which way the wind blows; adapt, adjust, accom-

move

forward, step

forward, go on, go ahead, go along,

push ahead, press on, pass on or along, roll on; move, travel; go fast

modate

ADJS

advancement, promotion, fur-

therance, furthering, preferment; forward motion, forwarding, forwardal; headway, way; leap, jump, forward leap or jump, quantum jump or leap, leaps and bounds, spring, forward spring; progressive-

straight

to the point, steer a straight course,

make

PROGRESSION

174.8;

12 directional, azimuthal; di-

along,

rect, straight, arrow- straight, ruler-

make

progress, come on, get come along , get ahead;

further oneself;

make headway,

gather head, gather way;

make

straight, straight-ahead,

roll,

straightforward, straightaway,

broken; one-way, unidirectional,

or rapid strides, cover ground, get over the ground, make good time, make the best of one's way, leap or jump or spring forward,

irreversible

catapult oneself forward;

strides

straightway; undeviating, unswerving, unveering; uninterrupted, un-

make up make up

for lost time, gain ground,

13 directable, aimable, pointable, able, leadable; directed, guided,

leeway, make progress against, stem 3 march on, run on, rub on, jog on,

aimed; well-aimed or -directed or -placed, on the mark, on the nose or money ; directional, direc-

4

trainable; steerable, dirigible, guid-

on, flow on;

or

wend

drift along,

one's way,

go with

work or

weave one's way, worm or thread

tive

14 northern, north, northernmost, northerly, northbound, arctic, boreal, hyperborean; southern, south, southernmost, southerly, southbound, meridional, antarctic, austral; eastern, east, easternmost or eastermost, easterly, eastbound, oriental; western, west, westernmost, westerly, westbound, occidental;

northeastern, northeast, northeastsoutheastern, southeast, southeasterly; southwestern, southwest, southwesterly; northwestern,

erly;

northwest, northwesterly; crosscountry,

roll

the stream

make

downwind, upwind;

oblique, axial, parallel

one's way, inch forward, feel one's

way, muddle along or through; go slow 175.6; carve one's way; push or force one's way, fight one's way, go or swim against the current, swim upstream; come a long way, move up in the world; forge ahead, drive on or ahead, push or press on or onward, push or press forward, push, crowd; get somewhere, reach toward, raise one's sights

5 advance, further, promote, forward, hasten, contribute to, foster, aid, facilitate, expedite, abet

ADJS 6

progressive, progressing, advancing, proceeding, ongoing, pro-

147

163

163.1-164.1

ceeding, oncoming, onward, for-

down ;

ward, forward-looking, go-ahead ; moving; go-getting

place, take a

REGRESSION

NOUNS

back

seat,

fiddle; resign; crawfish

play second

7 reverse, go into reverse; back, back up, backpedal, back off or away, go into reverse; backwater, make sternway; backtrack, backtrail, take the back track; countermarch; re-

regression, regress; reces-

1

defer, give ground, give

verse one's field; take the reciprocal

sion 168; retrogression, retroces-

course; have second thoughts, think

sion, reujpflexion, retroflection,

better of

reflux, refluence, retrogradation,

retroaction, retrusion, reaction; return, reentry; setback, backset , throwback, rollback; backpedalling, backward motion, backward step; stern way; backsliding,

lapse, relapse, recidivism, recidiva-

tion

it, cut one's losses, go back drawing board 8 turn back, put back; double, double

to the

back, retrace one's steps; turn one's back upon; return, go or

come back, go or come home 9 turn round or around or about, turn, make a U-turn, turn on a dime, turn tail, come or go about,

2 retreat, motion from, withdrawal, withdrawment, strategic withdrawal, exfiltration;

put about, fetch about; veer, veer

around; swivel, pivot, pivot about, swing, round, swing round; wheel,

retirement, fallback,

advance to the disengagement; backing down or off or out ; reneging, copping or weaseling out , re-

wheel about, double wheel, whirl, spin; heel, turn upon one's heel; re-

pullout, pullback;

rear; rout;

signing, resignation

3 reverse, reversal, reversing, reversion, inversion; backing, backing up, backup, backflow; about-face,

coil, rebound, quail 10 about-face, volte-face , rightabout-face, do an about-face or a right-about-face or an about-turn, perform a volte-face, face about, turn or face to the right-about, do a

volte-face , about-turn, right-

about, right-about-face, turn to the

turn to the right-about

ADJS

turnabout, swingaround; back track,

back

trail;

turn of the tide, reflux, re-

fluence

4 countermotion, countermovement, counteraction; recoil, rebound;

11 regressive, recessive; retro-

gressive, retrocessive, retrograde,

right-about, U-turn, turnaround,

retral; retroactive;

reactionary

12 backward, reversed, reflex, turned around, back; wrong-way, wrongway around, counter, ass-backwards and bassackwards

countermarching 5 regress, go backwards, re-

VERBS

cede, return, revert; retrogress, retrograde, retroflex, retrocede; pull back, jerk back, reach back, cock

; emigrate, out-migrate, expa-

immigrate, in-migrate; remi-

limp, hitch, lurch;

follow the seasons, wayfare,

wamble, wiggle; link, slither, stalk; strut, swagger; mince',

bowl along; amble, pace;

about , prowl, drift, stray, float around, straggle, meander, stroll, saunter, jaunt,

grinate, pererrate, divagate,

pere-

ment 24 go for an outing or airing, take the air, get some air; go for a walk; go for a ride to,

repair

oneself

one's course

make

to, resort to, hie to, hie

to, arise

one's

to,

way

and go

to, direct

turn one's tracks to, to, set foot in,

29 go for a walk, perambulate, take a walk, take one's constitutional , take a stretch, stretch the legs; promenade, parade

30 march, mush,

to,

26 creep, crawl, scramble, scrabble,

footslog,

tramp,

hike, backpack, trail-hike; route-

march;

file,

defile, file off;

parade,

go on parade; goose-step, do the goose step; do the lock step 31 hitchhike or hitch , beat one's way, thumb or thumb one's way , catch a ride; hitch or hook or bum or cadge or thumb a ride 32 nightwalk, noctambulate; sleepwalk, somnambulate, walk in one's

bend

betake oneself to, visit, drop in or around or by, make the scene

one's steps

single-

foot, rack; piaffe, piaffer

go or

run about, go the rounds; tramp, hobo, bum or go on the bum , vagabond, vagabondize, take to the road, beat one's way; hit the road or trail , walk the tracks and count ties , pound the pave-

sidle;

sashay , scuttle, prance, tittup, flounce, trip, skip, foot; hop, jump, hippety-hop ; jog, jolt; bundle,

flit,

knock around or about and bat around or traipse , gallivant,

25 go

totter, stagger;

toddle, paddle; waddle, wobble,

grate; intermigrate

23 wander, roam, rove, range, nomadize, gad, gad around or about,

ramble,

mare

walk; power walk, exercise walk, speed walk, race walk 28 stroll, saunter;

22 migrate, transmigrate, trek; flit, take wing; run , swarm

captain, shipmaster, master, skipper , commander, the Old Man ; navigator, navigating officer, sailing

master; deck officer, officer of the

deck or OD; watch officer, officer of the watch; mate, first or chief mate, second mate, third mate, boatswain's mate; boatswain, bos'n, pipes ; quartermaster;

sergeant-at-arms; chief engineer,

engine-room officer; naval officer 575.20 8 steersman, helmsman, wheelman, wheelsman, boatsteerer; quarter-

183.9-184.15

167 master; coxswain, cox ; pilot, Conner, sailing master; harbor pilot,

docking

pilot

9 longshoreman, wharf hand, dockhand, docker, dockworker, dockwalloper ; stevedore, loader; roustabout , lumper

184

rocket; catapult, electropult

AVIATION

NOUNS

Club; Airline Pilots Association; Air Force 461.29 8 takeoff, liftoff, hopoff ; rollout, climb; taxiing, takeoff run, takeoff power, rotation; daisy-clipping and grass-cutting ; ground loop; level -off; jet-assisted takeoff or JATO, booster rocket, takeoff

9

1 aviation, aeronautics; air-

planing, skyriding, flying, flight,

solo; inverted flight; supersonic

winging; volation, volitation; aeronautism, aerodromics; powered flight, jet flight, subsonic or supersonic flight; cruising, cross-country flying;

bush

flight; test flight, test lift;

flight; flying circus;

air-

mercy

crop-dusting;

skywriting

10 air travel,

flying; gliding, sail-

hop ;

airdrop; scheduled flight;

air transport, air trans-

planing, soaring, sailing; volplaning;

portation; airfreight, air cargo;

ballooning, balloonery, lighter-than-

airline travel, airline, airline ser-

air aviation;

barnstorming ;

vice, air service, feeder airline,

high-altitude flying; blind or instru-

commuter

ment

charter airline, nonscheduled airline

or flying, instrument flight rules or IFR; contact flying, visual flight or flying, visual flight rules or VFR, pilotage; skywriting; flight

cloud-seeding; in-flight training,

ground school; air

traffic, airline

controller;

sion;

flying circus

2 air sciences, aeronautical sciences 3 airmanship, pilotship; flight plan;

air

12

omnidirectional range, omni-range, visual-aural range or VAR 7 Civil Aeronautics Administration or CAA; Federal Aviation Agency or FAA; Bureau of Aeronautics or BuAer; National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics or NACA; Office of Naval Research or ONR; Civil Air Patrol or CAP; Caterpillar

strafing

umbrella

flight formation,

formation flying,

formation; close formation, loose formation, wing formation; V for-

navigation; celestial navigation, as-

solan, tacan, teleran, loran, shoran;

dry run

bombing mission; bombing,

navigation, avigation, aerial or air

automatic electronic navigation, radio navigation, navar, radar, con-

rehearsal,

459.7; air support , air cover, cover, umbrella,

fly-

tronavigation; electronic navigation,

combat

ble ; air raid; shuttle raid;

rundown , de-

4 air-mindedness, aerophilia; air legs 5 airsickness; aerophobia, aeropathy

airline;

; transition mission; reconnaissance mission, reconnaissance, observation flight, search mission; milk run ; box-top mission ; combat flight; sortie, scram-

private flying; astronautics; air show,

or pilot training, ing lessons; washout

airline,

shuttle trip; air taxi; red-eye 11 mission, flight operation; training mission; gunnery mis-

general aviation, private aviation,

briefing; flight

scheduled

shuttle, air shuttle, shuttle service,

commercial aviation,

briefing, brief,

airline,

or nonsked , short-hop

traffic, air-traffic control, air-traffic

6

run; hop and jump ; powered flight; solo flight,

flight, trip,

mation, echelon 13 acrobatic or tactical evolutions or maneuvers, acrobatics, aerobatics; stunting and stunt flying , rolling, crabbing, banking, porpoising, fishtailing, diving;

dive, nose dive,

power

chandelle;

whip

stall,

dive;

stall;

zoom,

glide,

volplane; spiral, split "S," lazy pushdown, pull-up,

eight, sideslip,

pullout; turn, vector in flight or VIF

14

roll,

barrel

roll,

snap

roll, aileron roll,

outside

roll

15 spin, autorotation, tailspin,

flat spin,

184.16-184.32

168

inverted spin, normal spin,

power

port, helidrome; control tower,

spin, uncontrolled spin, falling leaf;

whipstall

16 loop,

ter;

spiral loop,

ground loop, nor-

mal loop, outside loop, inverted normal or outside loop, dead-stick

carousel; airside, landside

23 runway, taxiway,

Immelmann

landing take-off

launching way; stopway; clearway; transition strip; apron; flight deck, landing deck; helipad; ramp, apron strip; fairway,

turn, reverse turn, re-

versement; flipper turns

24 hangar, housing, dock, airdock, shed, airship shed; mooring mast 25 rocket propulsion, rocket power; jet propulsion, jet power; turbojet propulsion, pulse-jet

run, landing pattern; approach,

downwind

strip,

strip, airstrip, flight strip,

loop, wingover, looping the loop;

17 buzzing, flat-hatting and hedgehopping 18 landing, coming in , touching down, touchdown; arrival; landing

is-

Route Traffic Control Cenbaggage pickup, baggage

land; Air

approach leg; holding pattern, stack up ; ballooning in, parachute approach; blind or leg,

propulsion, ram-jet propulsion, resojet propulsion; constant

instrument landing, dead-stick land-

or ram

pressure, air ram; reaction propul-

ing, glide landing, stall landing,

sion, reaction, action

and reaction;

fishtail landing, sideslip landing,

aeromotor, aircraft engine, power

or two-point landing, normal or three-point landing, Chinese landing , tail-high landing, taillow landing, thumped-in landing , pancake landing, belly land-

plant

level

ing, crash landing, noseover, nose-

up; overflight, overshoot,

undershoot; practice landing,

bounce drill 19 flying and landing guides marker,

26

lift, lift ratio, lift

nent,

dynamic

runway high-intensity runway ap-

radio beam; beacon lights; lights,

proach

lights,

flare path;

indicator,

lift,

gross

lift,

lift,

useful

lift,

wind force 28

drift, drift angle; lateral drift, lee-

29

flow, air flow, laminar flow; turbu-

way lence, turbulent flow, burble, burble point, eddies

wind

cone or sock, air sleeve; instrument

30 wash, wake, stream; downwash; backwash, slipstream, propeller

landing system or ILS; touchdown

race,

or TRODI; ground-controlled approach or GCA; talking-down system, talking

haust,

rate of descent indicator

propwash; exhaust, jet exblow wash; vapor trail, con-

densation

trail,

contrail, vortex

31 air speed,

down

true air speed,

operating or flying speed, cruising

20 crash, crack-up, prang ;

speed, knots,

hump

crash landing; collision, mid-air col-

consciousness; pressure

suit,

airfield,

airdrome, aero-

bor, aviation field,

port, air har-

landing

.

field,

terminal, jetport; air base, air

sta-

landing speed, ground speed, speed over the ground; speed of sound 174.2; zone of no signal, Mach cone; sound barrier, sonic barrier or wall; sonic boom, shock wave,

Mach wave

landing, field, airship station; air tion, naval air station; airpark; heli-

flying speed,

speed, get-away or take-off speed,

an-

tiblackout suit

drome , drome,

minimum

speed, peripheral speed, pitch

speed, terminal speed, sinking

lision; near-miss, near collision 21 blackout; grayout; anoxia; useful

22 airport,

compo-

resistance, drag direction, cross-

sequence flashers,

wind

force or

direction; aerostatic

margin of lift 27 drag, resistance; drag ratio, drag force or component, induced drag, wing drag, parasite or parasitic or structural drag, profile drag, head

pylon; beacon; radio beacon, radio

range station, radio marker; fan marker; radar beacon, racon; beam,

lift

32

; intervene; put between, sand-

fenced, walled, paled, railed, barred;

wich; insert in, stick

hemmed, hedged

in,

mediate, go between,

11 enclosing, confining, cloistered,

in,

introduce

sandwich

in,

state, terri-

ular, parochial, provincial, insular,

tory, province, region, duchy, elec-

government, principality; county, shire, canton, oblast and okrug , departement ,

limited, confined

torate,

Kreis or

Land ; borough,

ward, precinct, riding, arrondissement ; township, hundred,

commune, wapentake;

metropolis, metropolitan area, city, town 230; village, hamlet; district, congres-

tionality, state, nation-state, sover-

eign nation or state, polity,

state,

body

self-governing

politic;

power,

superpower, world power; microstate; republic, people's republic,

precinct; magistracy, soke, baili-

commonwealth, commonweal; kingdom, sultanate; empire, em-

wick; shrievalty, sheriffalty, sheriff-

pery; superpower, power; realm, do-

wick, constablewick ; archdiocese, archbishopric, stake;

principate; duchy,

sional district, electoral district,

diocese, bishopric, parish; colony

6 continent, landmass; Old World, the old country; New World, America; Northern Hemisphere, North America; Central America; Southern Hemi-

minion, domain; principality,

dukedom; grand

duchy, archduchy, archdukedom, earldom, county, palatinate, seneschalty; chieftaincy, chieftainry;

toparchy; city-state, polis city;

province,

territory,

,

free

possession;

colony, settlement; protectorate,

sphere, South America; Latin

mandate, mandated

America; Western Hemisphere, Occident, West; Eastern Hemisphere, Orient, Levant, East, eastland; Far East, Mideast or Middle East, Near East; Asia, Europe, Eurasia, Asia Major, Asia Minor, Africa; Antipodes, Australia, down under

dant, mandatee, mandatory; buffer

, Australasia, Oceania; Arctic, Antarctica; Third World

7 West, westland, wild West, West Coast, Coast, left Coast ; Northwest, Pacific Northwest; Silicon Valley; Sierras; Rockies; Sunbelt; Southwest; Middle West or Midwest, Middle America; Great Plains, heartlands, Plains states; North Central region; Rust

territory,

man-

state; ally, military ally, cobelliger-

puppet regime or government; free nation or country, captive nation, ironcurtain country; nonaligned or unaligned or neutralist nation; developed nation, industrial or industrialized nation; underdeveloped ent, treaty partner; satellite,

nation, third-world nation; federation, confederation,

commonweal,

commonwealth,

bloc, comity; United

Nations 2 fatherland, patria , land of our fathers, motherland, mother country,

native land, native

soil,

one's

native heath or ground or soil or

Belt; East, eastland, East Coast,

place, the old country, country of

Eastern Seaboard; Middle Atlantic; Northeast, Southeast; North, north-

origin, birthplace, cradle,

land,

Snow

Belt, Frost Belt;

Ap-

palachia; South, southland, Dixie,

Dixieland;

Deep South, Old South;

Delta, bayous; Bible Belt; borscht

Gulf Coast; New England, Down East, Yankeeland ADJS 8 regional, territorial, geobelt;

graphical, areal, sectional, zonal, topographic or topographical

9

COUNTRY NOUNS 1 country, land; nation, na232

home, homeland, home ground, God's country; the

home

front

3 United States, United States of America, US, USA, US of A , America, Columbia, the States, Uncle Sugar and Yankeeland .

Land of

Liberty, the melting pot;

stateside

4 Britain, Great Britain, United

Kingdom, the UK,

Britannia, Al-

local, localized, of a place, geo-

bion, Blighty ,

graphically limited, topical, vernac-

. Tight Little Island,

Land

201

232.5-234.2 of the Rose, Sovereign of the Seas; British Empire, Commonwealth of Nations, British Commonwealth of Nations, the

Commonwealth;

4

tion, pastoralization

VERBS

turn to the soil

Sam or Brother Jonathan

; John

ADJS 6

Bull

statehood, nation-statehood,

cultural 1069.20; lowland, lowlying, upland, highland, prairie,

sovereignty, sovereign nationhood

or statehood, independence, selfgovernment, self-determination; in-

rustic, rural, country,

provincial, farm, pastoral, bucolic, Arcadian, agrarian, agrestic; agri-

6 nationhood, peoplehood, nationality;

5 ruralize, countrify, rusti-

cate, pastoralize; farm 1069.16; re-

per-

fidious Albion

5 Uncle

ruralization, countrification, rustica-

plains

7 countrified, inurbane; country-born,

ternationaiity, internationalism;

country-bred, up-country; farmer-

nationalism 7 native, countryman, countrywoman,

ish, hobnailed, clodhopping, clodhopperish; boorish, clownish,

.

lumpen, cloddish, uncouth, unpolished, un-

citizen, national; nationalist, ultra-

loutish, lumpish,

nationalist; patriot

churlish;

cultivated, uncultured, unrefined;

THE COUNTRY NOUNS 1 the country, agricultural

233

country-style, country-fashion

8 hick, rube, yokel 9 hinterland, back, backcountry,

region, farm country, farmland,

up-country, backroad, outback,

arable land, grazing region or coun-

wild, wilderness, virgin; wild- West,

try, rural district, rustic

region,

cow-country; waste 891.4; backwood or backwoods, back of beyond, backwoodsy; woodland, sylvan

province or provinces, countryside, woodland 310.13, grassland 310.8,

woods and

fields,

meadows and

pastures, the soil, grass roots; the

and the tall corn and yokeldom and hickdom ; cotton

sticks

tobacco belt, black belt, farm belt, corn belt, fruit belt, wheat belt, citrus belt; dust bowl; highlands, moors, uplands, foothills; lowlands, veld or veldt, savanna or savannah,

belt,

plains, prairies, steppes,

wide-open

spaces

earth, sod, clod, soil, dirt, dust, clay,

marl,

mold ; terra ,

terra firma; terrain; dry land; arable land; marginal land; grassland 310.8, woodland 310.13; crust, earth's crust, lithosphere; regolith;

2 hinterland, back country, outback, up-country, boonies and boondocks ; the bush, bush country, bushveld, woods, woodlands, backwoods, forests, timbers, the big sticks , brush; wilderness,

wilds, uninhabited region, virgin

land or territory; wasteland 891.2; frontier, borderland, outpost; wild

West,

LAND NOUNS 1 land, ground, landmass,

234

cow country

3 rusticity, ruralism, inurbanity, agrarianism, bucolicism, provin-

topsoil, subsoil; alluvium, alluvion;

eolian or subaerial deposit; real estate, real property, landholdings,

acres, territory, freehold; region 23

1

the country 233; earth science 1071

2 shore, coast, cote ; strand, playa , beach, beachfront, beachside shingle, plage, lido, riviera, sands, berm; waterside, waterfront; shoreline, coastline; foreshore; bank,

embankment;

riverside; lakefront, lakeshore;

yokelism, hickishness, backwoodsiness; boorishness, churlishness, un-

seashore, coast, seacoast, seaside, seaboard, seabeach, seacliff, seabank, sea margin, oceanfront, oceanside, seafront, shorefront,

refinement, uncultivation

tidewater, tideland, coastland,

cialism, provinciality, simplicity, pastoral simplicity, unspoiledness;

lit-

234.3-237.4

202

zone; sand dune, sand sandbank, tombolo; wetland, wetlands; bay, bay front, bay side; drowned or submerged coast; rockbound coast, ironbound coast; loom of the land 3 landsman, landman, landlubber toral, littoral

landed, isleted, island-dotted; sea-

bar,

girt;

ADJS 4

terrestrial, earth, earthly,

236

ous; fluvioterrestrial

gumbo;

soily,

loamy, marly,

pampas, pampa , savanna, dra, vega,

oceanfront, oceanside; seaside, seafront, shorefront, shoreline;

beachfront, beachside; bay front, tideland, tidal, wetland

table,

mass; North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Eurasia, Eurasian landmass, AusAntarctica; subcontinent, In-

Greenland; peninsula; plate, crustal plate, crustal segment, Pacific plate, American plate, African plate, Eurasian plate, Antarctic plate, Indian plate; continental divide, condia,

tinental drift; plate tectonics;

Gond-

wana, Laurasia, Pangaea 2 island, isle; islet, holm, ait ; continental island; oceanic

is-

land; volcanic island; key, cay;

sandbank, sandbar, bar; floating island; reef, coral reef, coral head; coral island, atoll; archipelago,

is-

land group or chain; insularity;

is-

landology 3 continental, mainlander; continentalist

4 islander, islandman, island-dweller, islesman, insular; islandologist

VERBS

5 insulate,

isolate, island,

enisle; island-hop

ADJS

6 continental, mainland

7 insular, insulated, isolated; island, islandy or islandish, islandlike; is-

tun-

llano, sebkha;

mesa, mesilla; peneplain;

coastal plain, tidal plain, alluvial

BODY OF LAND NOUNS 1 continent, mainland, land235

form, continental landform, land-

campo,

veld, grass veld, bushveld, tree veld; wold, weald; moor, moorland, down, downs, lande, heath, fell ; lowland, lowlands, bottomland; basin, playa; sand plain, sand flat, strand flat; tidal flat, salt marsh; salt pan; salt flat, alkali flat; desert 891.2; plateau, upland, tableland,

ine; riverside; lakefront, lakeshore;

tralia,

champaign,

land 310.8, sea of grass, steppe,

clayey, clayish; adobe

6 alluvial, estuarine, fluviomarine 7 coastal, littoral, seaside, shore, shoreside; shoreward; riparian or riparial or riparious; riverain, river-

bay side;

1 plain, plains, flat country,

flatland, flats, flat, level;

champaign country, open country, wide-open spaces; prairie, grass-

nar, subastral; geophilous; terraque-

5 earthy, earthen,

FLAIN

NOUNS

earthbound; sublu-

telluric, tellurian;

archipelagic or archipelagian

plain, delta, delta plain, flood plain;

mare, lunar mare

ADJS 2

champaign, plain,

flat,

open;

campestral or campestrian

HIGHLANDS NOUNS 1 highlands, uplands, high237

land, upland, high country, elevated land,

dome, plateau, tableland,

mesa, upland area, downs, downland, piedmont, moor, moorland, hills, heights, hill or hilly country, downs, wold, foothills, rolling country, mountains, mountain or mountainous country, high terrain, peaks, range, massif 2 slope, declivity, steep, versant, incline, rise, talus, brae , mountainside, hillside, bank, gentle or easy slope, glacis, angle o( repose, steep or rapid slope, fall line, bluff, cliff, headland, ness, ben ; precipice, wall, palisade, scar , escarpment, scarp, fault scarp, rim, face; upper slopes, upper reaches, timberline or tree line 3 plateau, tableland, high plateau, table, mesa, table mountain, butte. moor, fell , hammada 4 hill, down . brae ami

203

237.5-238.6

fell

; hillock, knob, butte,

land;

mountainous, montane,

kopje, kame, monticle, monticule,

alpine, alpestrine, altitudinous; oro-

monadnock, knoll, hummock, hammock, eminence, rise, mound, swell,

genic, orographic, orological, oro-

barrow, tumulus, kop,

tel,

metric

jebel;

dune, sand dune; moraine, drumlin; anthill, molehill; dune, sand dune,

238

sandhill

5 ridge, ridgeline, arete , chine, spine, horst, kame, comb , esker, os, cuesta, serpent kame, Indian ridge, moraine, terminal moraine; saddle, hogback, hog's-back, saddleback, horseback, col, watershed; pass, gap, notch,

wind gap, water

gap 6 mountain, mount,

hump,

tor,

dome; peak, pinnacle, summit 198.2, mountaintop, point, topmost

point or pinnacle, crest, spine,

tor,

pike ; crag, spur, cloud-capped

or cloud-topped or snow-clad or snow-capped peak, the roof of the world; needle, aiguille, pyramidal peak, horn; fold mountain, fold-belt mountain, alpine chain, fault-block mountain, basin and range; oceanic ridge, oceanic rise; volcano, volcanic mountain, volcanic spine, volcanic neck; seamount, submarine mountain, guyot; mountain range, range, massif; mountain system, chain, mountain chain, cordillera, sierra, cordilleran belt, fold belt; hill heaped hill;

divide, Continental Divide;

mountain-building, orogeny, orogenesis,

epeirogeny, folding, faulting,

block-faulting, volcanism; isostasy;

orography, orology

7 valley,

vale, glen, dale, dell, hollow,

holler , dip, flume, cleuch or corrie ,

< running water>

NOUNS

1

stream, waterway, water-

course 239.2, channel 239; meandering stream, flowing stream, lazy stream, racing stream, braided stream; spill stream; adolescent stream; mountain stream; river;

navigable alp,

height, dizzying height, nunatak,

upon

STREAM

cwm ;

ravine,

river,

underground or

subterranean river; dry stream, stream bed, stream channel, stream course, winterbourne, wadi, arroyo

, donga , nullah ; brook, branch; kill, bourn or bourne, run , creek, crick ; rivulet, rill, rillet, streamlet, brooklet, runlet, runnel, rundle

, rindle , beck or gill , burn , sike ; freshet, fresh; millstream, race;

midstream, midchannel; drainage pattern, watershed; stream action,

fluviation

2 headwaters, headstream, headwater,

head, riverhead; source, foun-

tainhead 886.6 feeder, branch, fork, prong , confluent, confluent

3 tributary,

stream, affluent, distributary; efflu-

anabranch, branch feeder; bayou; billabong ent,

4 flow, flowing, flux, fluency, profluence, fluid motion or movement; hydrodynamics; stream, current, set, trend, tide,

water flow;

driftage; course,

drift,

onward course,

gorge, canyon, box canyon, arroyo , barranca, bolson, coulee, gully, gulch, combe or coomb or

surge, gush, rush, onrush, spate, run, race; millrace, mill run; under-

comb

crossflow; affluence, afflux, afflux-

, cirque, dingle,

rift, rift

donga, graben, draw, wadi, basin, cirque, corrie, hanging valley, kloof,

valley; crevasse;

chimney, ditch,

chine, clough , couloir; defile,

pass, passage, col; crater, vol-

canic crater, caldera, meteorite or hilly, rolling, undulating,

ion, confluence, convergence, con-

course, conflux; downflow,

downpour; defluxion; inflow 189.2; outflow 190.4

5 torrent,

river, flood, flash flood,

wall of water, waterflood, deluge; spate, pour, freshet, fresh

meteoritic crater

ADJS 8

current, undertow; crosscurrent,

up-

6 overflow,

spillage, spill, spillover,

238.7-238.25

204

overflowing, overrunning, alluvion,

cap, white horse, white foam; rough or heavy sea, rough water, broken water, dirty water or sea, choppy or chopping sea, popple, lop, chop, choppiness, overfall, angry sea;

alluvium, inundation, flood, del-

uge, whelming, overwhelming, flush, washout, engulfment, submersion 367.2, cataclysm; the Flood, the Deluge; washout

7

standing

trickle, tricklet, dribble, drip, drip-

ping, drop, spurtle; percolation,

leaching, lixiviation; distillation,

condensation, sweating; seeping,

seepage

join, join with,

jet, spout, spurt, spurtle, squirt,

geyser, spouter

regurgitate;

meander

over, well over, at,

brim

11 waterfall, cataract,

out or over,

fall, falls,

spill, slop, slosh, spill

undate, engulf, swamp, sweep, whelm, overwhelm, flood, deluge, submerge 367.7

Nia-

gara, cascade, force , sault;

nappe; watershoot

12 eddy, back stream, gurge, swirl,

18

whirlpool, vortex, gulf,

trickle, dribble, dripple, drip, drop, spurtle; filter, percolate, leach, lix-

maelstrom; Maelstrom, Charybdis;

iviate; distill,

countercurrent, counterflow, coun-

weep; gurgle 52.1

terflux, backflow, reflux, refluence,

regurgitation, ebb,

tidal current

or stream,

tidal

tideway, tide gate; riptide, rip, tiderip, overfalls; direct tide,

oppo-

site tide; spring tide; high tide, high water, full tide; low tide, low water; neap tide, neap; lunar tide, solar tide; flood tide, ebb tide; rise of the tide, rising tide, flux, flow,

flood; ebb, reflux, refluence; flow, flux

and

ebb am-

reflux; tidal

plitude, tidal range, intertidal zone,

1,

murmur

slosh

20

flow or flood, tide race; tidewater;

condense, sweat; seep,

19 lap, plash, splash, wash, swash,

backwash, back-

water

and

over, lap, lap

lap over, overbrim, overrun, pour

out or over; cataract, cascade; in-

shoot, sault

13 tide,

set,

in 189.9; flow out

17 overflow, flow over, wash over, run

10 rapids, rapid, white water, wild water; ripple, riffle, riff ; chute,

twirl, whirl;

flow into,

190.13; flow back, surge back, ebb,

spew, spray, spritz ; rush,

gush, flush; fountain, fount, font;

into,

mingle waters;

make, trend; flow

splash; lapping, washing, etc. spit,

empty

flush, flood;

8 lap, swash, wash, slosh, plash, 9

wave

15 water gauge, fluviograph, fluviometer; marigraph; Nilometer VERBS 16 flow, stream, issue, pour, surge, run, course, rush, gush,

jet, spout, spurt, spurtle, squirt,

spit, spew, spray, spritz , play, gush, well, surge; vomit, vomit out or forth 21 eddy, gurge, swirl, whirl, purl, reel,

spin

22 billow, surge, swell, heave,

lift,

rise,

send, scend, toss, popple, roll,

wave, undulate; peak, draw to a peak, be poised; comb, break, dash, crash, smash; rise and fall, ebb and flow ADJS 23 streamy, rivery, brooky,

tidal flat, tidal pool; tideland; tide

creeky; streamlike, riverine, river-

chart or table, tidal current chart;

like; fluvial, fluviatile

tide gauge, thalassometer

fluviomarine

or

fluviatic.

14 wave, billow, surge, swell, heave,

24 flowing, streaming, running, pour-

send, scend;

ing, fluxive, fluxional, coursing, rac-

undulation,

lift,

rise,

trough, peak; sea, heavy swell,

ing, gushing, rushing, onrushing,

ocean swell, ground swell;

surging, surgy, torrential, rough.

roller,

comber, comb; surf, breakers, spume; wavelet, ripple, riffle; tidal wave, tsunami, seismic sea wave, seiche, rogue wave; gravity wave, water wave; tide wave; bore, tidal bore, eagre, traveling wave; whiteroll;

Whitewater; fluent, profluent, affluent, deflucnt. decurrent. continent, diffluent, refluent; tidal; gulfy, vortical;

meandering, mazy, sluggish,

serpentine

25 flooded, deluged, inundated, en

205

239.1-240.5 swamped, swept, whelmed,

gulfed,

drowned, overwhelmed, afloat, awash; washed, water-washed;

11 floodgate, flood-hatch, gate, head gate, penstock, water gate, sluice,

in

sluice gate; tide gate, aboiteau;

flood, at flood, in spate

weir; lock, lock gate, dock gate; air

lock

CHANNEL NOUNS 1 channel, conduit, duct, 239

12 hydrant,

fire

hydrant, plug, water

plug, fireplug

13

air passage, air duct, airway, air

canal, course;

way, passage, passageway; trough, trough way,

shaft, shaft, air hole, air tube;

troughing; tunnel; ditch, trench

breathing hole, spiracle; nostril; touchhole; spilehole, vent, vent-

290.2; adit; ingress, entrance 189;

stream 238 2 watercourse, waterway, aqueduct, water channel, water gate, water egress, exit;

carrier, culvert,

canal; side-channel,

intrariverine channel; stream way,

riverway; bed, streambed, river bed, creek bed, runnel; water gap; dry bed, arroyo , wadi, winterbourne, donga , nullah , gully, gullyhole, gulch; swash, swash channel; race, headrace, tailrace; flume; sluice; spill-

way; spillbox; irrigation ditch, water furrow; waterworks 3 gutter, trough, eave or eaves

speaking tube or pipe; blowhole,

hole, ventage, ventiduct; ventilator, ventilating shaft; transom, louver,

louverwork; wind tunnel 14 chimney, flue, flue pipe, funnel, stovepipe, stack, smokestack, smoke pipe, smokeshaft; Charley Noble; fumarole VERBS 15 channel, channelize, canalize, conduct, convey, put through; pipe, funnel, siphon; trench 290.3; direct 573.8

ADJS

16 tubular, tubate, tubiform,

tubelike, pipelike; cylindrical; tubed,

piped; cannular; tubal

17 valvular, valval, valvelike; valved

trough; flume, chute, shoot; pentrough, penstock; guide

4

gate, ingate, run-

ner, sprue, tedge

5 drain, sough , sluice, scupper; sink, sump; piscina; gutter, kennel; sewer, cloaca, headchute;

cloaca

maxima

6 tube; pipe; tubing, piping, tabula-

240 SEA,

NOUNS

OCEAN

ocean sea, great or main sea, main or ocean main, the bounding main, tide, salt sea, salt water, blue water, ocean blue, deep water, open sea, the brine, the

briny

1 ocean, sea,

and

the big

pond , the

tion; tubulure; nipple, pipette,

briny deep, the deep, the deep sea,

tubulet, tubule; reed, stem, straw;

the

hose, hosepipe , garden hose,

drink , the herring pond ; high sea, high seas; the seven

fire

hose; pipeline; catheter; siphon;

tap; efflux tube, adjutage; funnel;

snorkel; Siamese, Siamese connection or joint 7 main, water main, gas main, fire main 8 spout, beak, waterspout, downspout;

gargoyle

9 nozzle, bib nozzle, pressure nozzle, spray nozzle, nose, snout; rose, rosehead; shower head, sprinkler

head 10 valve, gate; faucet, spigot, tap; cock, petcock, draw cock, stopcock, sea cock, drain cock, ball cock; bunghole; needle valve; valvule, valvula

deep blue

sea, drink

and big

seas; hydrosphere; ocean depths, ocean deeps and trenches 275.4 2 ocean; sea, tributary sea, gulf, bay 3 spirit of the sea, sea devil, Davy, Davy Jones; sea god, Neptune, Poseidon, Oceanus, Triton, Nereus, Oceanid, Nereid, Thetis, Amphitrite,

Calypso; Varuna, Dylan; mermaid, siren; merman, seaman, undine, sea nymph, water sprite, sea serpent

4 pelagic zone, benthic zone, estuarine area, sublittoral, littoral, intertidal zone, splash zone, supralittoral

5 ocean

floor,

seabed, sea bottom,

240.6-244.2

benthos,

206

Davy

Jones's locker; conti-

trine, lacustral, lacustrian;

nental shelf, continental slope, sub-

pondy,

pondlike, lacuscular; limnetic, limnologic, limnological, limnophilous;

marine canyon, land bridge, abyssal plain, abyssal hill, midoceanic

landlocked; lakeside, lake-dwelling

ridge, oceanic ridge, oceanic trench,

volcanic island, seamount, guyot,

242 INLET,

atoll

6 oceanography, thalassography, hy-

NOUNS

arm of the

drography, bathymetry; marine biology; aquaculture

fiord, bight; cove; gulf; estuary, firth or frith, bayou, mouth, outlet, boca ; harbor, natural harbor; bay; road or roads, roadstead; strait or straits, kyle , narrow or narrows, euripus, belt, gut, narrow

sea diver, underwater explorer

oceanic, marine, maritime,

pelagic, thalassic; oceangoing, sea-

going, seafaring; undersea, underwater; nautical 182.57; oceanographic, oceanographical, hydrographic, hydrographical, bathymetric, bathy-

sea, arm, armlet, canal,

reach, loch , bay, fjord or

7 oceanographer, thalassographer, hydrographer, marine biologist, deep-

ADJS 8

GULF

1 inlet, cove, creek ,

sound

seas;

ADJS 2

metrical, bathyorographical,

gulfy, gulflike; gulfed, bayed,

embayed;

estuarine, fluviomarine,

tidewater;

drowned

thalassographic, thalassographical; terriginous; deep-sea 275.14

243

LAKE, POOL

241

1 marsh, marshland, swamp, swampland, fen, fenland, morass, mere, bog, mire, quagmire, sump , wash, bay gall; glade, everglade; slough, swale, wallow, hog wallow, buffalo wallow, sough ; bottom, bottoms, bottom-

NOUNS

1 lake, landlocked water, loch , nyanza , mere, freshwater lake, natural lake;

oxbow

lake,

bayou

lake; volcanic lake; salt lake; tarn;

lakelet,

lake, glacial

mountain lake;

holm , water meadow, meadow; moor, moorland, land, slob land,

inland sea; pool,

pond, pondlet, dew pond;

standing water,

still

peat bog; salt marsh; quicksand;

water, stagnant

water, dead water, bayou;

water or watering hole, water pocket, swimming hole; oasis; farm pond; fishpond; millpond, millpool; salt pond, salina, tidal pond or pool; backwater; puddle, plash, sump ; lagoon, laguna ; reservoir, artificial or manmade lake;

dam;

taiga;

laker

3 lake dwelling, lacustrine dwelling, pile house or dwelling, stilt house, palafitte; crannog ; lake house, lakeside home; lakeside lage

vil-

4 limnology, limnologist; limnimeter, limnograph 5 lakish, laky, lakelike; lacus-

mud

flat,

mud

1062.8,9

VERBS

2 mire, bemire, sink in, bog, mire or bog down, stick in the mud; stodge

ADJS 3 marshy, swampy, swampish, moory, moorish, fenny, paludal or paludous; boggy, boggish, miry, mirish, quaggy, quagmiry, spouty, poachy; muddy 1062.14; swampgrowing, uliginous

well, cistern, tank, artesian

well, flowing well, spring 2 lake dweller, lakeside dweller, lacustrian, lacustrine dweller or inhabitant, pile dweller or builder;

ADJS

MARSH

NOUNS

QUANTITY NOUNS 1 quantity, quantum, amount,

244

whole 792; mass, bulk, substance, matter, magnitude, amplitude, extent,

sum; measure, measurement;

strength, force,

numbers

2 amount, quantity, large amount, small amount, sum, number, count, group, total, reckoning, measure, parcel, passel , part 793, por-

207

244.3-247.4

tion, clutch, ration, share, issue, al-

lotment,

lot,

run, generality; mediocrity, avera-

deal; batch, bunch,

heap , pack, mess , gob and chunk and hunk , dose 3 some, somewhat, something; aught;

geness, passableness, adequacy; averaging, mediocritization; center

208.2

VERBS

2 average, average out, split the difference, take the average, strike a balance, pair off, split down

any, anything VERBS 4 quantify, quantize, count,

number off, enumerate, number 1017.17, rate,

mete

fix; parcel,

the middle; strike or hit a happy medium; keep to the middle, avoid extremes; do, just do, pass, barely pass; mediocritize

apportion,

out, issue, allot, divide 802.18;

increase 251.4,6, decrease 252.6, reduce 252.7; quantitate, measure 300.10; set a quota ADJS 5 quantitative, quantitive, quantified,

ADJS 3 medium, mean,

mesial, mid-level, middle-echelon; average, normal, standard, par for

quantized, measured; some,

certain, one; a, an;

any

the course; middle-of-the-road,

moderate, fence-sitting, middleground; middling, ordinary, usual, routine, common, mediocre, merely adequate, passing, banal, so-so, vanilla ; central 208.1 1

DEGREE NOUNS 1 degree, grade, step, leap;

245

round, rung, tread,

mark, peg,

stair;

point,

notch, cut; plane, level, plateau; period, space, interval; extent, measure, amount, ratio, proportion,

tick;

standard, height,

stint,

pitch, reach,

GREATNESS NOUNS 1 greatness, magnitude,

247

muchness; amplitude, ampleness, or

remove, compass,

fullness, plenitude, great scope

range, scale, scope, caliber; shade,

shadow, nuance 2 rank, standing,

compass or reach; grandeur, grandness; immensity, enormous-

level, footing, sta-

ness or enormity, vastness, vastitude, tremendousness, expanse,

tus, station; position, place, sphere, orbit,

echelon; order, estate, prece-

dence, condition; rate, rating; class, caste; hierarchy,

power

boundlessness, infinity 823; stupendousness, formidableness, prodigiousness, humongousness ; might, mightiness, strength, power,

structure

3 gradation, graduation, grading, staging, phasing, tapering, shading;

gradualism VERBS 4 graduate, grade, calibrate; phase in, phase out, taper off, shade off, scale; increase 251, decrease 252.6,7; change by degrees ADJS 5 gradual, gradational, calibrated, graduated, phased, staged,

intensity; largeness 257.6,

hierarchic, hierarchical; in scale, calibrated; proportional

2 glory, eminence, preeminence, majesty, loftiness, prominence, distinction, outstandingness, conse-

quence, notability; magnanimity, nobility, sublimity; fame, renown, celebrity; heroism 3 quantity 244, numerousness 884; quantities, much, abundance, co-

piousness, superabundance, super-

MEAN

NOUNS

fluity,

mean, median, middle 819; golden mean; medium, happy medium; middle of the road, middle course, via media ; middle state

profusion, plenty, plenitude;

volume, mass, mountain, load;

1

or ground or position or echelon or level or point, midpoint; average, balance, par, normal, norm, rule,

huge-

ness, gigantism, bulk; superiority

249

tapered, scalar; regular, progressive;

246

intermediate,

intermediary, median, medial,

peck, bushel; bag, barrel, ton; world, acre, ocean, sea; flood, spate;

multitude 884.3, countlessness 823.1

4

no end of, good or great deal, considerable, sight,

lot, lots, deal,

247.5-248.3

208

heap,

pile, stack, loads, raft, slew,

whole

slew, spate,

veriest, positive, definitive, classi-

wad, batch,

pronounced, decided, regular , proper , precious, profound, stark; thorough, thoroughgoing, complete, total; unmitical,

mess, mint, peck, pack, pot, tidy sum, quite a little; oodles, gobs, scads, bags and masses and lashings VERBS 5 loom, bulk, loom large, bulk large, stand out; tower, rear, soar, outsoar; tower above, rise above, overtop; exceed, transcend,

gated, unqualified, unrelieved, unspoiled, undeniable, unquestionable, unequivocal; flagrant, arrant,

shocking, shattering, egregious, intolerable, unbearable,

ADJS 6

great, grand, considerable,

consequential; mighty, powerful, strong, irresistible, intense; main,

maximum,

total, full, plenary,

com-

prehensive, exhaustive; grave, seri-

ous, heavy, deep 7 large 257.16, immense, enormous, huge 257.20; gigantic, mountainous, titanic, colossal,

mammoth,

Gargantuan, gigantesque, monster, monstrous, outsize, sizable, largerthan-life, overgrown, king-size, monumental; massive, massy, weighty, bulky, voluminous; vast, vasty, boundless, infinite 823.3, immeasurable, cosmic, astronomical, galactic; spacious, amplitudinous, extensive; tremendous, stupendous, awesome, prodigious

8 much, many, beaucoup , ample,

abundant, copious, generous,

overflowing, superabundant, multitudinous, plentiful,

standout, high, elevated, towering, soaring, overtopping, exalted, lofty,

sublime; august, majestic, noble,

mag-

nanimous, heroic, godlike, superb; famous, renowned, lauded, glorious 10 remarkable, outstanding, extraordinary, superior 249.12, marked, of mark, signal, conspicuous, striking; notable,

much

in evidence,

ticeable, noteworthy;

mitigated

248

INSIGNIFICANCE

NOUNS

1 insignificance, inconsider-

ableness, unimportance 998, inconsequentialness, inconsequentiality,

lowness, pettiness, meanness, triviality, nugacity, nugaciousness; smallness, tininess, diminutiveness,

minuteness, exiguity or exiguousness; slightness, moderateness, scantiness, puniness, picayunish-

ness, delicacy; littleness 258;

9 eminent, prominent, outstanding,

distinguished; magnificent,

rank, crass, gross 13 extreme, radical, out of this world, way or far out , too much ; greatest, furthest, most, utmost, uttermost, the max ; ultra, ultraultra; at the height or peak or limit or summit or zenith 14 undiminished, unabated, unreduced, unrestricted, unretarded, un-

ness, meanness, meagerness; dainti-

numerous

884.6, countless 823.3

no-

marvelous,

wonderful, formidable, exceptional,

uncommon, astonishing, appalling, humongous , fabulous, fantastic,

uncon-

scionable, glaring, stark-staring,

outstrip

incredible, brilliant, egregious

terrific, dreadful, awful 12 downright, outright, out-and-out; 11

absolute, utter, perfect, consummate, superlative, surpassing, the

fewness 885; insufficiency 992 2 modicum, minim; minimum; little, bit, little or wee or tiny bit , bite, particle, fragment, spot, speck, flyspeck, fleck, point, tittle, iota, ounce, dab , mote, mite 258.7; whit,

dot, jot,

ace, hair, scruple, groat, farthing, pittance, dole, trifling

amount,

smidgen and skosh and smitch , pinch, gobbet, dribble, driblet, dram, drop, drop in a bucket or in the ocean, tip of the iceberg; grain, granule, pebble;

molecule, atom; thimbleful, spoonful, handful, nutshell; trivia. minutiae; dwarf 3 scrap, tatter, smithereen . patch, stitch, shred, tag; snip, snippet, sniek. ehip, nip; splinter, sliver.

209

248.4-249.5

shiver; morsel,

morceau ,

crumb 4 hint, soupgon , suspicion, suggestion, intimation; tip of the iceberg; trace, touch, dash, cast, smattering, sprinkling; tinge, tincture; taste, lick,

smack,

sip, sup,

smell; look, thought, idea; shade, shadow; gleam, spark, scintilla 5 hardly anything, mere nothing, next to nothing, less than nothing, trifle, bagatelle, a drop in the

bucket or in the ocean; the shadow of a shade, the suspicion of a suspicion ADJS 6 insignificant, small, inconsiderable, inconsequential, negligible, no great shakes, footling, one-horse and pint-size and vest-pocket ; unimportant, no skin off one's nose or ass, trivial, trifling, nugacious, nugatory, petty, mean, niggling,

picayune or picayunish, nickel-anddime and penny-ante and MickeyMouse and chickenshit ; shallow, depthless, cursory, superficial,

skin-deep;

little

258.10, tiny

weeny, miniature 258. 12, 885.4; short 268.8; low 274.7 7 dainty, delicate, gossamer, diaphanous; subtle, subtile, tenuous, 258. 1

1

,

meager 992.10, few

thin 270.16, rarefied 299.4

8 mere, sheer,

stark, bare, bare-bones,

plain, simple,

unadorned, unen-

1 superiority,

preeminence,

greatness 247, lead, pride of place, transcendence or transcendency, ascendancy or ascendance, prestige, favor, prepotence or prepotency, preponderance; predominance or predominancy, hegemony; precedence 814, priority, prerogative, privilege, right-of-way; excellence 999.1, virtuosity,

high caliber, inimitability,

incomparability; seniority, prece-

dence, deanship; clout, pull ;

success 409, accomplishment 407, skill

413

tage, high ground; one-upmanship 3 supremacy, primacy, paramountcy, first place, height, acme, zenith, be-all and end-all, summit, top spot

; sovereignty, rule, hegemony, control 417.5; kingship, dominion 417.6, lordship, imperium, world power; command, sway; mastery, mastership 417.7; leadership, headship, presidency; authority 417, directorship, management, jurisdiction, power, say and last word ; influence 894; effectiveness; maximum, highest, most, ne plus ultra , the max ; championship, crown, laurels, palms, first prize, blue ribbon, new high, record 4 superior, chief, head, boss 575.1, employer, honcho , commander, ruler, leader, dean, primus inter pares , master 575; higher-up , senior, principal, big shot ; superman,

genius 413.12; prodigy, nonpareil, paragon, virtuoso, ace, star, superstar, champion, winner, top dog and top banana , one in a thousand, in a million, etc., laureate, fu-

gleman, Cadillac and Rolls-Royce , A per se, A 1 A number 1 standout, money-maker, recordbreaker, the greatest and the most whiz and whizbang and worldbeater and a tough act to follow ; big fish in a small pond 5 the best 999.8, the top of the line ; the best people, nobility 608; aristocracy, barons, top people , elite, cream, creme de la creme, top of the milk, upper crust, upper class, one's betters; the brass , the VIP's , higher-ups, movers and shakers, lords of creation, ruling circles, establishment,

power

2 advantage, vantage, odds, leg up

and inside

track

in reserve; van-

,

SUPERIORITY

NOUNS

something extra or

tage ground or point, coign of van-

one

hanced

249

; upper hand, whip hand, trump hand; start, head or flying or running start; edge, bulge and jump and drop ; card up one's sleeve , ace in the hole ,

and pole

position

elite,

power

structure, ruling

class, bigwigs , big authorities,

powers

boys ,

that be, official-

249.6-250.1

dom;

210

fast track;

happy few, chosen

above; ascendant, in the ascendant, in ascendancy, coming ; eminent, outstanding, rare, distin-

few

VERBS

6 excel, surpass, exceed, transcend, get or have the ascendancy, get or have the edge, have it all over , overcome, overpass, best, better, improve on, perfect, go one better ; cap, trump; top, tower above or over, overtop; predominate,

prevail, preponderate,

guished, marked, of choice, chosen;

•

match for

carry the day; outweigh, overbalance, overbear

7 best, beat, beat out, defeat 412.6; beat all hollow , trounce, clob-

13 superlative, supreme, greatest, best, highest, veriest, maximal,

maximum,

ber and take to the cleaners and smoke and skin and skin alive , worst, whip and lick and have it all over and cut down to size ; bear the palm, take the cake , bring home the bacon ; triumph; win 411.3

8 overshadow, eclipse, throw into the shade, top, extinguish, take the shine out of ; put to shame, show up , put one's nose out of joint, put

down ,

permost,

of the

and

first

top-of-

water, top of the line,

and by a long shot or long chalk, head and shoulders above, of the highest type, Al, A number 1 drop-dead 14 chief, main, principal, paramount, highest-quality, best-quality, far

away

the best, the best

,

foremost, headmost, leading, dominant, crowning, capital, cardinal; great, arch, banner, master, magisterial; central, focal, prime, primary, primal, first; preeminent, superemi-

fake out

outperform; outplay, overplay, outmaneuver, outwit; outrun, outstep, outpace, outmarch, run rings or circles around ; outride, override; outjump, overjump; outleap, over-

nent;

predominant, preponderant, hegemonic or hegemoni-

prevailing,

cal; ruling, overruling;

sovereign

417.17; topflight, highest-ranking, ranking; star, superstar, stellar, world-class

leap

10 outdistance, distance; pass, surpass, overpass; get ahead, pull ahead, shoot ahead, walk away or off ; leave behind, leave at the

15 peerless, matchless, champion; unmatched, unmatchable, unrivaled, unparagoned, unparalleled, immortal, unequaled, never-to-beequaled, unpeered, unexampled, un-

post, leave in the dust, leave in the

come

lurch;

steal a

approached, unapproachable, unsurpassed, unexcelled; unsur-

to the front, have a

healthy lead , hold the

field;

passable; inimitable, incomparable,

march

command,

beyond compare or comparison.

lead, possess au-

unique; without equal or parallel; in a class by itself, sui generis . easily first; second to none; unbeat-

thority 417.13, have the authority,

have the say or the

last

word, have

whip hand and hold all the aces ; take precedence, precede 814.2; come or rank first, outrank, rank, rank out ; come to the fore, conic to the front, lead 65 2 play first fiddle, star ADJS 12 superior, greater, better. the

1

liner;

tip- top, top-level,

top-echelon, top-notch

the-line , first-rate, first-class,

outgo, outrange, outreach, outpoint,

rule,

most, utmost, outstand; top, topmost, up-

ing, stickout

9 outdo, outrival, outvie, outachieve, edge out, outclass, outshine, overmatch, outgun ; outstrip,

1

surpassing, exceeding, excellent 999.12, excelling, rivaling, eclipsing, capping, topping, transcending, transcendent or transcendental, bad ; ahead, a cut or stroke above, one up on ; more than a

higher, upper, over, super.

able, invincible

250

INFERIORITY

.

NOUNS

1

inferiority, subordinacy,

subordination, secondariness; juniority, minority

;

subservience.

211

250.2-251.4

subjection, servility, lowliness,

humbleness, humility; back seat and second fiddle , second or third string ; insignificance 2 inferior, underling, understrapper , subordinate, subaltern, junior; secondary, second fiddle and second stringer and third stringer

and benchwarmer and low

man on

the totem pole , loser

and

beneath one's dignity or station, infra dig, demeaning 7 inadequate, mediocre, deficient, imperfect, insufficient; incompetent, unskillful, maladroit; small,

,

small-time,

nonstarter ; lightweight,

street

follower, pawn, cog, flunky, yes-

man, creature; lower class or orders or ranks, lowlife, commonalty; infrastructure or commonality, hoi polloi, masses; satellite inadequacy, 3 mediocrity 1005, defi-

little,

mean, base,

petty,

shabby; not to be compared, not comparable, not a patch on ; outclassed, outshone, not in it and not in the same trivial,

or league with , out of

it

and out of the picture and out of the running and left a mile behind

8

least, smallest, littlest, slightest,

lowest, shortest;

minimum, mini-

mal, minim; few 885.4

ciency, imperfection, insufficiency

992; incompetence or incompetency, maladroitness, unskillfulness

414; failure 410; smallness 248.1; littleness 258; meanness, lowness, baseness, pettiness,

shab-

triviality,

fewness 885;

biness, vulgarity 497;

subnormality

VERBS

not come up to, or come make or hack and not cut the mustard and not

4 be

inferior,

not measure up,

fall

INCREASE

NOUNS

augmentaenlargement, amplification, growth, development, 1 increase, gain,

tion, greatening,

widening, spread, broadening, elevation, extension, aggrandizement, access, accession, increment, accretion;

addition 253; expansion 259;

short, fail 410.9, not

inflation, swelling, ballooning,

it

edema,

make

fattening, tumescence, bloat-

make the grade; want, leave much to be desired, be found wanting; not com-

proliferation, productiveness 890; accruement, accrual, accumulation;

pare, have nothing on , not hold a candle to , not ap-

advance, appreciation, ascent, mounting, crescendo, waxing, snow-

the cut , not

proach, not

come

near; serve, sub-

serve, rank under or beneath, follow,

p)ay second fiddle

5

251

seat

and

bow

to,

sit

and take a back

on the bench

hand

it

to , tip the hat

to , yield the

the shade; give in

palm; retire into , lose face;

submit

ADJS 6

inferior, subordinate, subal-

tern, sub, small-scale,

secondary;

junior, minor; second or third string

and one-horse and penny-ante

and dinky , second or third rent

and downscale , below

salt;

subservient, subject, servile,

the

low, lowly, humble, modest; lesser,

lower; in the shade, thrown into

the shade;

common,

vulgar, ordi-

nary; underprivileged, disadvantaged, nothing to write

home

balling, rise or raise, fattening and boost and hike , up and upping , buildup; upturn, uptick , uptrend, upsurge, upswing; leap,

jump; flood, surge, gush 2 intensification, heightening, deepening; tightening, turn of the screw; strengthening, beefing-up , enhancement, magnification, blowup, blowing up, exaggeration; aggravation, exacerbation, heating-up; concentration, condensation, consolidation; reinforcement, re-

rank, low in the pecking order, low-

less,

ing, dilation; multiduplication,

about;

doubling; pickup

and step-up ,

acceleration, speedup, accelerando, escalation, upsurge; boom, explosion, baby

boom, population explo-

sion, information explosion

3 gains, winnings, cut and take , profits 472.3 4 increase, enlarge, aggran-

VERBS

251.5-252.6

212

dize, amplify,

augment, extend, to; expand 259.4,

maximize, add

inflate; lengthen, broaden, fatten, fill

out, thicken; raise, exalt, boost

, hike and hike up

and jack up and jump up , mark up, put up, up ; build, build up; pyramid, parlay; progress 5 intensify, heighten, deepen, amplify, enhance, strengthen, beef up , aggravate, exacerbate; exaggerate, blow up and puff up , magnify; whet, sharpen; reinforce, double, redouble, triple; concentrate, condense, consolidate; complicate, ramify, make complex; give a boost to, step up , accelerate; key up, hop up and soup up and jazz up ; add fuel to the flame or the fire, heat or hot up 6 grow, increase, advance, appreciate; spread, widen, broaden; gain, get ahead; wax, swell, balloon, bloat, mount, rise, go up, crescendo, snowball, skyrocket; intensify, develop, gain strength, strengthen; accrue, accumulate; multiply, proliferate, breed, teem; run or shoot up, boom, explode ADJS 7 increased, heightened, raised, elevated, stepped-up ; intensified, deepened, reinforced, strengthened, fortified, beefed-up , tightened, stiffened; enlarged, extended, augmented, aggrandized, amplified, enhanced, boosted, hiked ; broadened, widened, spread; magnified, inflated, expanded,

swollen, bloated; multiplied, proliferated; accelerated,

hopped-up and

jazzed-up , hiked

8 increasing,

rising, fast-rising, sky-

rocketing, meteoric;

on

the up-

swing, on the increase, on the rise; crescent, waxing, growing, fast-

growing, flourishing, burgeoning, blossoming, waxing, swelling, lengthening, multiplying, proliferating; spreading, spreading like a cancer or like wildfire, expanding; tightening, intensifying; incremental; on the increase, crescendoing, snowballing, mushrooming, growing like a

mushroom

DECREASE NOUNS 1 decrease, decrescence,

252

decrement, diminishment, diminution, reduction, lessening, lowering, waning, shrinking or shrinkage, withering, withering away, scaling down, scaledown, downsizing, build-down; miniaturization; downplaying, underplaying; depression,

damping, dampening; letup , abatement, easing, easing

off, slack-

ening; de-escalation; alleviation, relaxation, mitigation; attenuation,

extenuation, weakening, sagging,

dying, dying off or away, trailing off, tailing off,

tapering off, fade-

out, languishment; depreciation, de-

flation;

deduction 255.1;

subtraction,

abridgment 268.3;

contraction 260; simplicity 798 2 decline, declension, subsidence, slump , lapse, drop, downtick ; collapse, crash; dwindling, wane, ebb; downturn, downtrend, downward trend or curve, retreat, remission; fall, plunge, dive, decline and fall; decrescendo, diminuendo; catabasis, deceleration,

slowdown;

leveling off, bottoming out

3 decrement, waste, loss, dissipation, wear and tear, erosion, ablation, wearing away, depletion, corrosion, attrition, consumption, shrinkage, exhaustion; deliquescence, dissolution; extinction, consumption 4 curtailment, retrenchment, cut, cutback, drawdown, rollback, scale-

back, pullback; moderation, restraint; abridgment 5 minimization, nullification, making

light of, devaluing, undervaluing,

belittling, belittlement, detraction;

qualification

959

VERBS

6 decrease, diminish, lessen; up, bate, abate; decline, subside, shrink, wane, wither, ebb. ebb away, let

dwindle, languish, sink. sag. die

down or away, wind down,

taper o((

and trail off or away and tail off or away ; drop, drop off, dive. take a nose dive, plummet, plunge. fall, fall oi'W fall away, fall to a low

ebb, run low; waste, wear, waste or

213

252.7-254.1

wear away, crumble, erode, ablate, consume away, be eaten away; melt away, deli-

uniting; increase 25

corrode, consume,

quesce;

become

extinct

take from; lower, depress, de-

augmenta-

damp, dampen, step down

tion, superjunction, superfetation,

suppletion; juxtaposition 223.3; adjunct 254, add-on, accessory

and tune down and phase down or out and scale back or down and roll back or down ; downgrade;

2 plus sign, plus; addend; sum, summation, total, aggre-

depreciate, deflate; curtail, re-

3 adding,

trench; cut, cut

down

down or back,

gate; subtotal

cut

at,

totalizing or totalization,

reckoning, computation, calculation, ringing up; adding machine, calcu-

to size , trim away, chip

away or down, down, roll back ; deduct 255.9; shorten 268.6, abridge; compress 260.7, shrink, away

whittle

lator

VERBS

pare, pare

re-

4 add, plus , put with, join or unite with, bring together, affix, attach, annex, adjoin, append,

trench, downsize; simplify 798.4

conjoin, subjoin, prefix, suffix, infix,

weaken, dilute, water, water down, attenuate, exten-

postfix, tag, tag on,

uate; alleviate, mitigate, slacken, re-

over; glue on, paste on, agglutinate;

8 abate,

bate, ease;

slap

9 minimize, minify, belittle, detract from; dwarf, bedwarf; play down, underplay, downplay, de-emphasize, play down, tone down, moderate;

hush 10 reduced, decreased, dimin-

ADJS

ished, lowered, dropped, fallen;

cumber, saddle with; complicate, ornament, decorate 5 add to, augment, supplement; increase 251.4; reinforce, strengthen, fortify, beef up ; recruit, swell the ranks of; superadd 6 compute, add up; sum, total, totalize, total up, tot and tot up and tote and tote up , tally, calculate

bated, abated; deflated, contracted,

shrunk, shrunken; simplified 798.9; back-to-basics, no-frills; dissipated,

eroded, consumed, ablated, worn; curtailed, shorn, retrenched, cut-

back; weakened, attenuated,

watered-down, diluted; scaled-down, miniaturized, pared down; minimized, belittled, on a downer ; lower,

less, lesser, smaller, shorter;

off-peak; downplayed, underplayed,

toned down, de-emphasized 11 decreasing, diminishing, lessening, subsiding, declining, languishing, dwindling, waning, on the wane, on the slide, wasting; decrescent, reductive, deliquescent, contractive;

tack on ,

on , hitch on , carry

superpose, superadd; burden, en-

mit; enfeeble, debilitate

7 be added, advene, supervene 8 additive, additional, additory; cumulative, accumulative; summative or summational; loaded 9 added, affixed, add-on, attached, annexed, appended, appendant; adjoined, adjunct, adjunctive, conjoined, subjoined; superadded, superposed, superjoined 10 additional, supplementary, supplemental; extra, plus, further, farther, fresh, more, new, other, another, ulterior; auxiliary, ancillary, supernumerary, contributory, accessory, collateral, supererogatory; surplus,

ADJS

diminuendo, decrescendo

253

;

superaddition, admixture, superposi-

7 reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen, escalate,

1

supplementation, complementation, reinforcement; tion,

spare, superfluous

ADDITION

NOUNS

1

addition, accession, annex-

ation, affixation, suffixation, prefixation, agglutination, attachment,

junction, joining 800, adjunction,

254

ADJUNCT

NOUNS

1

adjunct, addition,

in-

crease, increment, augmentation,

254.2-255.11

214

supplementation, complementation, additament, additory, addendum, ad-

denda , accession, fixture; annex, annexation; appendage, appendant, pendant, appanage,

tail-

tion; retraction, retrenchment; ex-

traction

3 excision, abscission,

rescission, ex-

tirpation; elimination, exclusion,

extinction, eradication, destruction

piece, coda; undergirding, reinforce-

395, annihilation; cancellation,

ment; appurtenance, appurtenant; accessory, attachment; supplement,

write-off, erasure; circumcision;

complement, continuation, extrapolation, extension; offshoot, side is-

sue, corollary, sidebar , side effect, spin-off

, aftereffect;

concomitant, accompaniment 769, additive, adjuvant; leftover, carry-

over

2 postscript or P.S., appendix; rider, allonge, codicil; epilogue, envoi, coda,

tail, after-

word; back matter, front matter; note, marginalia, scholia,

commen-

tary, annotation, footnote;

interpo-

lation, interlineation; affix, prefix, suffix, infix; subscript, superscript;

enclitic, proclitic

3 wing, addition, annex, extension, ell or L, outhouse, out-

4 extra, bonus, premium, something extra, extra dash, little extra, extra attraction, lagniappe,

some-

thing into the bargain, something for

good measure, baker's dozen; peripheral;

padding,

trimming,

stuffing, filling;

frill, flourish, filigree,

decoration, ornament; bells and

whistles ; superaddition;

fillip,

wrinkle, twist; the works ; benefit,

deballing , altering

perquisite, perk; freebie

and

fixing

, spaying 5 deletion, erasure, cancellation, omission; editing, blue-penciling, striking or striking out; expurgation, bowdlerization, censoring or censorship; abridgment, abbreviation

6

difference; subtra-

hend, minuend; negative; minus

minus

sign,

7 deduction, decrement, minus; refund, rebate

8 difference, remainder 256, epact , discrepancy, net, balance, surplus 993.5, deficit, credit

VERBS

building

added

amputation, mutilation 4 castration, gelding, emasculation,

9 subtract, deduct, subduct,

take away, take from, remove, with-

draw, abstract; reduce, shorten, curtail, retrench, lessen, diminish,

decrease, phase down, impair, bate, abate; depreciate, disparage, detract, derogate; erode, abrade, eat or wear or rub or shave or file away; extract, leach, drain, wash away; thin, thin out, weed; refine, purify 10 excise, cut out, cut, extirpate, enucleate; cancel, write off; eradicate,

root out, wipe or stamp out, elimi-

SUBTRACTION NOUNS 1 subtraction, deduction,

255

subduction, removal, taking away; abstraction, ablation, sublation; erosion, abrasion, wearing, wearing away; refinement, purification; de-

traction

2 reduction, diminution, decrease 252, build-down, phasedown, drawdown, decrement, impairment, cut or cutting,.curtailment, shortening, truncation; shrinkage, depletion, attrition, remission; depreciation,

detraction, disparagement, deroga-

nate, late,

kill, kill off,

liquidate, annihi-

destroy 395.10, extinguish;

exclude, except, take out, cancel, cancel out, censor out, bleep out , rule out, bar, ban; set aside or apart, isolate, pick out, cull; cut off or away, shear or take or strike or knock or lop off, truncate; amputate, mutilate, abscind;

prune, pare,

peel, clip, crop, bob, dock, lop, nip,

shear, shave, strip, strip off

or away

11 castrate, geld, emasculate, eu-

nuchize, neuter, spay, fix or alter , unsex, deball ; geld. caponize; unman

215

255.12-257.7

12 delete, erase, expunge, cancel, omit; edit, edit out, blue-pencil; strike, strike out or off, rub or blot out, cross out or off, kill, cut; void, rescind; censor, bowdlerize,

ADJS

257 SIZE,

NOUNS

greatness 247, vastness, vastitude, magnitude, order of magnitude, amplitude; mass, bulk, volume, body; dimensions, proportions, dimen-

expurgate; abridge, abbreviate

13 subtractive, reductive, de-

ductive, extirpative; ablative, erosive; censorial;

LARGENESS

1 size, largeness, bigness,

sion, caliber, scantling, proportion;

measure, measurement 300, gauge,

removable,

scale; extent, extension, expansion,

eradicable

expanse, square footage or yardage scope, reach, range, ballpark , spread, coverage, area, circumference, ambit, girth, diameter, etc.,

REMAINDER NOUNS 1 remainder, remains, rem-

256

nant,

relict,

residue, residuum,

radius, boundary, border, periphery;

residual, rest, balance; holdover;

leavings, leftovers,

oddments;

linear

measure or dimension, length,

height, procerity ; depth,

ref-

use, odds and ends, scraps, rags,

breadth, width; wheelbase,

vestige, trace, hint,

wingspan 2 capacity, volume, content, holding capacity, cubic footage or yardage etc., accommodation, room, space, measure, limit, burden; gallonage, tankage; poundage, tonnage, cordage; stowage; quantity 244 3 full size, full growth; life size

age, afterglow; fossil, relics

4

rubbish, waste,

litter, orts,

candle

ends; scourings, offscourings; parings, sweepings, filings, shavings,

sawdust; chaff, straw, stubble, husks; debris, detritus, ruins; end, fag end; stump, butt or butt end, stub, roach ,

2 dregs, grounds,

rump; survival, shadow, afterim-

lees, dross, slag,

draff, scoria, feces;

sediment, set-

tlings, deposits, deposition; precipi-

sublimate ; alluvium, alluvion, diluvium; silt, loess, moraine; scum, off-scum, froth; ash, ember, cinder, tate, precipitation,

sinter, clinker; soot,

smut

3 survivor, heir, successor, inheritor; widow, widower, relict, war widow,

orphan

size,

king

economy size,

size,

queen

family

size, giant

size

5 oversize, outsize; overlargeness, overbigness; overgrowth, wild or uncontrolled growth, overdevelopment, sprawl; overweight, overheaviness; overstoutness, overfatness,

overplumpness, bloat, bloatedness, obesity; gigantism, giantism,

ti-

tanism; hyperplasia, hypertrophy,

acromegalic gigantism, acromegaly,

4 excess 993, surplus, surplusage, overplus, overage; superfluity, re-

dundancy, pleonasm; something for a rainy day VERBS 5 remain, be left or left over, survive, subsist,

6 leave, leave

large size,

rest, stay

over, leave behind, be-

queath 7 remaining, surviving, extant,

ADJS

vestigial, over, left, leftover, still

around, remnant, remanent, odd, on the shelf; spare, to spare; unused, unconsumed; surplus, superfluous; outstanding, unmet, unresolved; net 8 residual, residuary; sedimental, sedimentary

pituitary gigantism,

normal gigan-

tism

6 sizableness, largeness, bigness, greatness, grandness, grandeur, grandiosity; largishness, biggishness; voluminousness,

capaciousness, generousness, copiousness, ampleness; tallness, toweringness; broadness, wideness; profundity; extensiveness, expansiveness, comprehensiveness; spa-

ciousness 158.5; bagginess

7 hugeness, vastness, vastitude; humongousness ; enormousness, immenseness, enormity, immensity,

257.8-257.20

216

tremendousness, prodigiousness, stupendousness, mountainousness; gigantism, giganticness, giantism,

monumentalism; monstrousness, monstrosity 8 corpulence, obesity, stoutness, largeness, bigness, embonpoint ; fatness, fattishness, adiposis or adiposity, endomorphy, fleshigiantlikeness;

ness, beefiness, meatiness, heftiness, grossness;

plumpness,

buxomness, rotundity, fubsiness , tubbiness , rolypoliness; pudginess, podginess;

chubbiness, chunkiness , stockiness, squattiness, squatness,

dumpiness, portliness; paunchiness, bloatedness, puffiness, pursiness,

range, rank, graduate, sort, match; gauge, measure 300.10, proportion; bulk 247.5; enlarge 259.4,5; fatten ADJS 16 large, sizable, big, great 247.6, grand, tall , considerable, goodly, healthy, tidy , substantial, bumper; as big as all outdoors; numerous 884.6; largish, biggish; large-scale, larger than

life;

man-sized ; large-size or -sized, man-sized, king-size, queensize; economy-size, family-size; good-sized, life-size or -sized 17 voluminous, capacious, generous,

ample, copious, broad, wide, extensive, expansive, comprehensive; spacious 18 corpulent, stout, fat, overweight,

blowziness; middle-age spread;

fattish,

weight problem; hippiness ; steatopygia or steatopygy; bosomi-

beefy, meaty, hefty, porky, porcine;

ness, Dustiness 9 bulkiness, bulk, hulkingness or hulkiness, massiveness, lumpish-

ponderousness, cumbrousness, cumbersomeness; clumsiness, awkwardness, unwieldiness, clunkiness 10 lump, clump, hunk an d chunk , wodge ; mass, piece, gob and glob , gobbet, dollop, cluster, gobs ; batch, wad, ness, clumpishness;

heap, block,

loaf*;

pat

; 244

clod; nugget; quantity

11 long-legs and longshanks and high-pockets and long drink of water ; beanpole 270.8; giant 257.13; six-footer, seven-footer, grenadier 8 high tide, high water, mean high

7

17 highland, upland; hill-dwelling,

colos-

sus; skyscraper , coyote, brush wolf, prairie wolf, medicine wolf US>; dingo, jackal, hyena; Cape

comment, word of explanation, explanatory remark; annotation, notation, note, note of explanation, footnote, gloss, scholium; exegesis; commentary; legend, appendix

6 interpretability, interpretableness, construability; definability, de-

plain; simplify, popularize;

make head

or

tails of;

decipher,

crack, unlock, find the key ravel, demystify, read

il-

to,

un-

between the

341.11-343.2

lines,

288

read into, solve 940.2; explain

VERBS

2 misinterpret, misunderstand, misconceive, mistake, mis-

oneself; explain away; overinterpret

comment upon, commentate,

11

mark upon; annotate, make an edition

apprehend; misread, misconstrue,

re-

put a false construction on, miss the

gloss; edit,

wrong, get wrong, get one wrong, take amiss, take the wrong way; get backwards, reverse, have the wrong way round, put the

point, take

12 translate, render, transcribe, transliterate, put or turn into, transfuse the sense of; construe; disambiguate

cart before the horse; misapply; mis-

13 paraphrase, rephrase, reword, restate, rehash; give a free or loose

explain, misexplicate, misexpound;

misrender, mistranslate; quote out of context; misquote, miscite, give a false coloring, give a false impression or idea, gloss; misread; garble, pervert, distort, wrench, contort, torture, squeeze, twist the words or meaning, stretch or strain the sense or meaning, misdeem, misjudge 948.2; bark up the wrong tree; mis-

translation

ADJS

14 interpretative, interpretive,

interpretational, exegetic, exegetical,

hermeneutic, hermeneutical; constructive, constructional; diagnostic;

symptomatological, semeiological; topological; definitional, descriptive

15 explanatory, explaining, exegetic, exegetical, explicative, explicatory;

represent

ADJS

stood, mistaken, misapprehended,

elucidative, elucidatory; illumi-

misread, eisegetical, misconceived, misconstrued; garbled, misquoted, misrepresented, perverted, dis-

nating, illuminative, enlightening;

demonstrative, illustrative, exemplificative; glossarial, annotative,

torted, catachrestic, catechrestical;

critical, editorial, scholiastic; ration-

backwards, reversed, ass-backwards

alizing, rationalistic, euhemeristic,

demythologizing, allegorizing 16 translational, translative; paraphrastic, metaphrastic; literal, wordfor-word, verbatim 17 inter pre table, construable; definable, describable; translatable, ren-

342

3 misinterpreted, misunder-

expository, expositive; clarifying,

4 misinterpretable, misunderstandable, mistakable

COMMUNICATION NOUNS 1 communication, commun-

343

commerce,

derable; explainable, explicable,

ion, congress,

accountable; diagnosable

course; means of communication, speaking, speech 524, utterance, speech act, talking, linguistic intercourse, speech situation, speech circuit, converse, conversation 541;

MISINTERPRETATION

NOUNS

1 misinterpretation, misunderstanding, misintelligence, misapprehension, misreading, misconstruction, mistaking, malobservation, misconception; misrendering, mistranslation, translator's error, eisegesis; misexplanation, misexplication, misexposition; mis-

reading; misapplication; gloss;

perversion, distortion, wrenching, twisting, contorting, torturing,

squeezing, garbling; reversal; abuse of terms, misuse of words, catachresis;

misquotation, miscitation; mis-

judgment 948; error 975; misrepresentation

inter-

signaling; contact, touch, connection; interpersonal

communica-

intercommunication, intercommunion, grokking . interplay, interaction; exchange, intion,

terchange; answer, response, reply;

one-way communication, two-way communication; dealings, dealing, traffic, truck ; information 551; message 552.4; ESP, telepathy 689.9; writing; correspondence 553; social intercourse 582.4;

miscom-

munication 2 informing, telling, imparling, impartation, impartment, conveyance,

343.3-344.2

289 transmission, transmittal, transfer,

make

transference, sharing, giving, send-

get to, get through to, get hold of,

ing, signaling; notification, alerting,

make or establish

announcement

352.2, publication

352, disclosure 351 3 communicativeness, talkativeness 540, sociability 582; unreserve, unreservedness, unreticence, unrestraint, unconstraint, unrestriction; unrepression, unsuppression; unsecretiveness, untaciturnity; candor,

frankness 644.4; openness, plain-

contact with,

raise, reach,

connection, get connection with; make advances, make overtures, approach, make up to ; relate to; keep in touch or contact with, maintain connection; answer, respond or reply to, get back to; question, interrogate; correspond, drop a line ADJS 9 communicational, commuin

nicating, communional; transmis-

ness,freeness, outspokenness,

plainspokenness; accessibility, ap-

sional; speech, verbal, linguistic,

proachability, conversableness; ex-

oral;

troversion, outgoingness;

communicational, intercommu-

uncommunicativeness 344,

nicative, intercommunional,

re-

serve, taciturnity

interactional, interactive, interacting,

4 communicability, impartability,

interresponsive, responsive, answer-

conveyability, transmittability,

ing; questioning, interrogative, inter-

transmissibility, transferability; con-

tagiousness

5 communications, electronic communications, communications industry, media, communications medium or media, mass communications, communications network; telecommunication 347.1, longdistance communication, electronic communication; radio communication, wire communication, broadcasting; communication or information theory 551.7; signaling

rogatory; telepathic

10 communicative, talkative 540.9, gossipy, newsy; sociable; unreserved, unreticent, unshrinking, unrestrained, unconstrained, unhampered, unrestricted; demonstrative, expansive, effusive; undepressed, unsuppressed;

unsecretive, unsilent, untaciturn; candid, frank 644. 17; self-revealing, self-revelatory;

6 communicate, be in touch or contact, be in connection or intercourse, have intercourse, hold communication; intercommunicate, interchange, commune with; grok

; commerce with, deal with, traffic with, have dealings with, have truck with ; speak, talk, be in a speech situation, converse 541 .8, pass the time of day 7 communicate, impart, tell, lay on one , convey, transmit, transfer, send, send word, deliver or send a signal or message, disseminate, broadcast, pass, pass on or along, hand on; report, render, make known, get across or over; give or send or leave word; signal; share, let slip out,

give

551.8 8 communicate with, get in touch or contact with, contact , 478.12;

tell

open,

free,

outspo-

ken, free-speaking, free-spoken, free-

tongued; accessible, approachable,

VERBS

share with; leak,

conversational 541.12; inter-

conversable, easy to speak to; extro-

verted, outgoing;

uncommunica-

tive 344.8

11 communicable, impartable, conveyable, transmittable, transmissible, transferable; contagious

12 communicatively; verbally, talkatively, by word of mouth, orally, viva voce

UNCOMMUNICATIVENESS NOUNS 1 uncommunicativeness,

344

closeness, indisposition to speak, disinclination to

communicate; un-

conversableness, unsociability 583; nondisclosure, secretiveness 345.1; lack of message or meaning, meaninglessness

520

2 taciturnity, untalkativeness, unloquaciousness; silence 5 1 speechlessness, wordlessness, dumbness, ;

344.3-345.3 muteness

290 51.2; quietness, quietude;

9 taciturn, untalkative, unloqua-

laconicalness, laconism, curtness,

cious, indisposed to talk; silent,

shortness, terseness; brusqueness,

speechless, wordless,

briefness, brevity, conciseness,

dumb, quiet; close, closemouthed, close-tongued, snug

mum; mute

51.12,

economy or sparingness of words 3 reticence or reticency; reserve, reservedness, restraint, low key, constraint; guardedness, discreetness,

, tight-lipped; close-lipped, tongue-tied, word-bound; laconic, curt, brief, terse, brusque, short,

discretion; suppression, repression;

concise, sparing of words, eco-

subduedness; backwardness, retirement, low profile; aloofness, standoffishness, distance, remoteness, detachment, withdrawal, withdrawnness, reclusiveness, soli-

nomical of words, of few words 10 reticent, reserved, restrained, nonassertive, low-key, low-keyed,

constrained; suppressed, repressed;

unapproachability; undemon-

subdued; guarded, discreet; backward, retiring, shrinking; aloof, standoffish, offish , standoff, distant, remote, removed, detached, Olympian, withdrawn; im-

strati veness, unexpansiveness, un-

personal; cool, cold, frigid, icy,

affability, uncongeniality;

frosty, chilled, chilly; inaccessible,

introversion; modesty, bashfulness 139.4, pudency; expressionlessness, blankness, impassiveness, im-

unapproachable, forbidding; un-

tariness; impersonality; coolness,

coldness, frigidity, ieiness, frostiness, chilliness; inaccessibility,

demonstrative, unexpansive, unaffable, uncongenial, ungenial;

passivity; straight or poker face,

introverted; modest, verecund,

mask

verecundious, bashful 139.12; expressionless, blank, impassive

4 prevarication, equivocation,

tergiv-

ersation, evasion, shuffle, fencing,

dodging, parrying, waffling and tapdancing ; weasel words 5 man of few words, clam , strong silent type, laconic; Spartan,

Laconian; evader, weasel

VERBS

6 keep to oneself, keep one's own counsel; not open one's mouth,

11 prevaricating, equivocal, tergiversating, tergiversant, waffling , evasive, weaselly, weasel-worded

SECRECY NOUNS 1 secrecy, secretness,

345

air-

tight secrecy, close secrecy; cryp-

not say a word, not breathe a word,

ticness; the dark; hiddenness,

stand mute, hold one's tongue 5 1 .5, clam up ; bite one's tongue; have little to say, refuse comment, say neither yes nor no, waste no words, save one's breath; retire; keep one's distance, keep at a distance, keep oneself to oneself, stand aloof, hold oneself aloof; keep secret 345.7

hiding,

concealment 346; secre-

tiveness, closeness; discreetness, discretion,

uncommunicativeness

344; evasiveness, evasion, subterfuge; hugger-mugger, hugger-

muggery 2 privacy, retirement, isolation, sequestration, seclusion; incognito,

anonymity; confident ialness, confimeeting or ses-

7 prevaricate, equivocate, waffle , tergiversate, evade, dodge,

dentiality; closed

sidestep, pussyfoot, say in a round-

sion, executive session, private

about way, parry, duck, weasel and weasel out , palter; hum and haw, hem and haw, back and fill;

conference, secret meeting

mince words, mince

the truth, eu-

phemize ADJS 8 uncommunicative, indisposed or disinclined to communicate; un-

3

of secrecy, veil, curtain, pall, wraps; iron curtain, bamboo curtain; wall or barrier of secrecy; suppression, repression, stifling, smothering; censorship, blackout ,

veil

hush-up, cover-up; seal of secrecy,

conversational; unsociable 583.5;

official secrecy, classification, offi-

secretive 345.15; meaningless 520.6

cial classification; security, iron-

345.4-345.13

291 bound

wraps , keep a

security; pledge or oath of

4

stealth, stealthiness, furtiveness,

clandestineness, clandestinity, clandestine behavior, surreptitiousness, covertness, slyness, shiftiness, sneakiness, slinkiness, underhand-

edness, underhand dealing, under-

cover or underground activity, covert activity or operation; prowl, prowling; stalking; huggermugger; counterintelligence; conspiracy, cabal, intrigue; secret

service, intelligence

not

agency

or privileged information or

lawyer-client confidentiality; seal or secret of the confessional;

more

let

vest; play

the right

suppress, repress, stifle, muffle, smother, squash, quash, squelch, kill, sit on or upon, put the lid on ; censor, black out

sonal matter; trade secret; confiden-

communication; doctor-patient or

keep but-

dumb; clam up; hand know what the left is doing; keep in ignorance, keep or leave in the dark; classify; file and forget; have secret or confidential information, be in on the secret and know where the bodies are buried

8 cover up, muffle up; hush up, hush, hush-hush, shush, hugger-mugger; or to one's

5 secret, confidence; private or pertial

lid on,

toned up , keep one's own counsel; play one's cards close to the chest

secrecy

9

confidentially, tell for one's ears mention privately, whisper, breathe, whisper in the ear; tell

tell

only,

one

than meets the eye; deep dark se-

one a

solemn secret; guarded secret, hush-hush matter, classified information, eyes-only or top-secret in-

alone, talk to in private, speak in

cret;

formation, restricted information; confession; inside information, inside skinny ; mystery,

enigma

522.8; the arcane, arcanum; esoterica, cabala, the occult,

occultism,

hermetism, hermeticism, hermetics; deep or profound secret, sealed book, mystery of mysteries; skeleton in the closet or cupboard, family secret; sealed orders, state secret

6 cryptography, cryptoanalysis, cryptoanalytics; code, cipher; secret language; code book, code word, code name; secret writing, coded message, cryptogram, cryptograph; secret or invisible or sympathetic ink; cryptographer

VERBS

7 keep secret, keep mum, veil, keep dark; keep it a deep, dark secret; secrete, conceal; keep to oneself 344.6, bosom, keep close, keep snug , keep back, keep from, withhold, hold out on ; not let it go further, keep within these walls, keep within the bosom of the lodge, keep between us; not tell, hold one's tongue 51.5, never let on , make no sign, not breathe or whisper a word, clam up , be the soul of discretion; not give away , keep it under one's hat , keep under

secret; take aside, see

privacy; say under one's breath 10 code, encode, encipher, cipher ADJS 11 secret, close, closed, closet; cryptic, dark; unuttered, unrevealed,

undivulged, undisclosed, unspoken, untold; hush-hush, top secret, supersecret, eyes-only, classified, restricted,

under wraps , under

security or security restrictions; cen-

sored, suppressed,

stifled,

smoth-

ered, hushed-up, under the seal or

ban of secrecy; unrevealable, undivulgable, undisclosable, Untenable, unwhisperable, unbreatheable, unutterable; latent, ulterior,

concealed, hidden 346. 11;

arcane, esoteric, occult, cabalistic,

hermetic; enigmatic, mysterious

522.18 12 covert, clandestine, quiet, unobtrusive, hugger-mugger, surreptitious, undercover, underground, underthe-counter, under-the-table, cloak-

and-dagger , backdoor, hole-and-corner , underhand,

underhanded;

furtive, stealthy,

privy, backstairs, sly, shifty,

sneaky,

sneaking, skulking, slinking, slinky, feline

13 private, privy, closed-door; intimate, inmost, innermost, interior, inward, personal; privileged, protected; secluded, sequestered, iso-

345.14-346.10

lated,

292

withdrawn,

retired; incognito,

anonymous 14 confidential, auricular, inside , esoteric; close to one's chest or vest , under one's hat ; off the record, not for the record, not to be minuted, within these four walls, in the

bosom of the

ears, eyes-only,

lodge, for no other

between

us; not to

be quoted, not for publication or

re-

case,

back

stairs;

underground,

underground route, underground railroad

VERBS

6 conceal, hide, ensconce;

cover, cover up, blind, screen,

cloak, veil, screen ket, shroud,

off, curtain,

blan-

enshroud, envelop; dis-

.

mask, dissemble; plain-wrap, wrap in plain brown paper; whitewash ; paper over, gloss over, varnish, slur guise, camouflage,

lease; not for attribution; un-

quotable, unpublishable, sealed; sensitive, privileged, under privilege 15 secretive, close-lipped, secret, close, dark; discreet; evasive, shifty; un-

communicative, close-mouthed 16 coded, encoded; ciphered, enciphered; cryptographic, cryptograph-

over; distract attention from; ob-

scure, obfuscate, "Cloud, becloud, befog, throw out a

smoke

screen,

shade, throw into the shade; eclipse, occult; put out of sight,

hieroglyphic

ical;

back way, back door, side door; bolt-hole, escape route, escape hatch, escapeway; secret stair-

exit;

sweep under

the rug or carpet, keep under cover,

346

keep under wraps; cover up one's

CONCEALMENT

NOUNS

tracks, lay a false scent, hide one's

concealment, hiding,

cretion; burial, burying, interment,

trail; hide one's light under a bushel 7 secrete, hide away, keep hidden,

putting away; cover, covering, cov-

put away, store away, stow away,

ering up, masking, screening 295.1;

file

mystification, obscuration; darken-

seal up, put out of sight;

obscurement, clouding 1027.6; hiddenness, concealedness, covert-

345.7; cache, stash , deposit,

1

se-

ing,

ness, occultation; eclipse; disappear-

ance; secrecy 345;

uncommunicativeness 344; invisibility 32; subterfuge, deception 356 2 veil, curtain, cover, screen 295.2, mask; fig leaf; wraps ; cover, disguise

3 ambush, ambushment, ambuscade; surveillance, shadowing 938.9; lurking hole or place; blind, stalkinghorse; booby trap, trap 4 hiding place, hideaway, hideout, hidey-hole , hiding, conceal-

ment, cover, secret place; safe house; drop, accommodation address ; recess, corner, dark corner, nook, cranny, niche; hole, bolt-hole, foxhole, trench, dugout, lair,

ter;

den;

bomb

shelter,

storm shel-

asylum, sanctuary, retreat,

refuge 1009; covert, coverture, undercover!; cache, stash ; safedeposit box, bank vault, safe; cubbyhole, cubby, pigeonhole; secret compartment; mother's skirts 5 secret passage, covert way, secret

and

forget, bottle up, lock up,

keep secret

plant ; bury; bosom 8 hide, conceal oneself, take cover, hide out , hide away, go into hiding, go to ground; stay in hiding, lie hid or hidden, lie or lay low , lie perdue, lie snug or close , lie doggo and sit tight , hole up , go underground; play peekaboo or bopeep or hide-and-seek; keep out of sight, retire from sight, drop from sight, disappear 34.2, crawl or retreat into one's shell, keep or stay in the background, keep a low profile, stay in the shade; disguise oneself, masquerade, take an assumed name, assume a cover, change one's identity, go under an alias, remain anonymous, be incognito, go or sail under false colors, wear a mask; leave no

address

9 lurk, couch;

lie

in wait, lay wait;

sneak, skulk, slink, prowl, nightwalk, steal, creep, pussyfoot . gumshoe , tiptoe; stalk, shadow 938.35 10 ambush, ambuscade, waylay; lie in

346.11-347.8

293 ambush,

lay wait for, lie in wait

; stalk; set a trap for 11 concealed, hidden, hid, oc-

for, lay for

ADJS

covered 295.31; covert, under cover, under wraps ; code-named; obscured, obfuscated, clouded, clouded over, wrapped in clouds, in a cloud or fog or mist or haze, beclouded, befogged; eclipsed, in eclipse, under an eclipse; in the wings; buried; uncult, recondite, blind;

derground; close, secluded, secluse, sequestered; in purdah, under house arrest,

incommunicado; obscure, ab-

struse,

mysterious 522.18; secret unknown 930.16, latent

345.1

1;

519.5

12 unrevealed, undisclosed, undivulged, unexposed; unapparent, invisible, unseen, unperceived, unspied, undetected; undiscovered, unexplored, untraced, untracked; unaccounted for, unexplained, unsolved 13 disguised, camouflaged, in disguise; masked, masquerading; incognito, incog , anonymous, unrecognizable; in plain wrapping or plain brown paper ; cryptic, coded, codified 14 in hiding, hidden out, under cover, in a dark corner, lying hid, doggo ; in ambush or ambuscade; waiting concealed, lying in wait; in the wings; lurking, skulking, prowling, sneaking, stealing; pussyfooted,

or information theory 551.7; communication or information explosion

2 telegraph, telegraph recorder, ticker;

telegraphy, telegraphies,

data transmission; teleprinter, Telex

, teletypewriter; teleprinter exchange or telex; wire service; code 345.6; electricity 1032; key, interrupter, transmitter, sender; receiver,

sounder 3 radio 1034, radiotelephony, radiotelegraphy, wireless , wireless telephony, wireless telegra-

phy; line radio, wire or wired radio, wired wireless , wire wave

communication; radiophotography; digital audio broadcasting or DAB; television 1035; electronics 1033 4 telephone, phone and horn , dog , telephone set, handset;

telephony, telephonies, tele-

phone mechanics, telephone engineering; high-frequency

te-

fuscatory; covering; unrevealing,

lephony; receiver, telephone receiver, earpiece; mouthpiece, transmitter; telephone extension, extension; wall telephone, desk telephone; dial or rotary telephone, Touch-Tone telephone, pushbutton telephone, cordless phone; beeper; scrambler; telephone booth, telephone box, call box , telephone kiosk , public telephone, coin telephone, pay station, pay phone; mobile telephone or phone , cellular or cell telephone or phone , car phone, digital phone; speakerphone, videophone; speed calling, call forwarding, call waiting, re-

nonrevealing, undisclosing

dial, caller

pussyfoot, on tiptoe; stealthy, furtive, surreptitious 345.12 15 concealing, hiding, obscuring, ob-

ID

service;

phone card;

facsimile transmission, fax

COMMUNICATIONS NOUNS 1 communications, signal-

347

ing,

telecommunication, comras

, transmission; electronic

I

communication, electrical communication; satellite communication; wire communication, wireless communication; communications engineering, communications technology; communications engineer; media, communications medium or media; communication

5 radiophone, radiotelephone, wireless telephone, wireless; headset,

headphone 50.8 6 intercom , Interphone, intercommunication system 7 telephone exchange, telephone office, central office,

central; auto-

matic exchange, machine-switching office; step-by-step switching, panel switching, crossbar switching, electronic switching

8 switchboard; PBX or private branch or business exchange, pri-

347.9-348.3

294

vate exchange; in or

World Wide Web or WWW, electronic mail; modem; digital com-

A board, out or

B

board 9 telephone operator, operator, switchboard operator, telephonist; long distance; PBX operator 10 telephone man; telephone me-

pression

VERBS

19 telephone, phone , on the phone , put in or make a call, call up, ring, ring up, give a ring or buzz or call or tinkle or jingle , buzz ; nonformal; listen in; hold the phone or call, call

chanic; telephonic engineer; line-

man or linewoman 11 telephones phoner ,

caller,

party, calling party, subscriber

12 telephone number, phone number , unlisted number; telephone directory or book, phone book ; telephone exchange, exchange; telephone area, area code; calling

flash, wire and send a wire , telex; cable; Tele-

20 telegraph, telegram,

type; radio; sign on, sign off; fax

ADJS 21 communicational,

telecom-

municational, communications,

call,

phone

communication,

call ,

signal; telephonic, magnetotelephonic, microtele-

ring and buzz ; local call, long-distance call; long

toll call,

phonic, monotelephonic, thermotele-

distance, direct distance nondialing,

phonic; telegraphic; Teletype;

DDD;

Wirephoto, facsimile, fax; phototele-

call,

trunk call; station-to-station

graphic, telephotographic; radio,

person-to-person call; collect

mobile call; dial tone, busy signal; crank call, nuisance call; conference call, video

wireless ; radiotelegraphic

call; toll-free call;

teleconference, teleconference; hot

or talk or gab line, messagerie; voicemail, phonemail; electronic mail or e-mail or email;

line; chat

MANIFESTATION NOUNS 1 manifestation, appear-

348

telemarketing; multilevel marketing,

ance; expression, evincement; indication, evidence, proof 957; embodiment, incarnation, bodying

multilevel sales; cold call; ringy-

forth, materialization; epiphany,

dingy or jingle or tinkle 14 telegram, telegraph, wire , telex;

cablegram, cable; radi-

ogram, radiotelegram; day night letter;

fast

letter,

telegram

15 Telephoto , Wirephoto , Telecopier , facsimile, fax ; telephotograph, radiophotograph 16 telegrapher, telegraphist, telegraph operator; sparks

and brass pounder

and dit-da artist ;

radiotelegra-

pher; wireman, wire chief

17

hang up, ring off ; cold

call

zone

13 telephone call,

wire;

line,

wire

phone

line,

telegraph line, tele-

line; private line, direct line;

party line; hot line; trunk, trunk

WATS or wide area telecommunications service, WATS line; caline;

ble, telegraph cable; transmission line,

concentric cable, coaxial cable,

theophany, angelophany, Satanophany, Christophany, pneumatophany, avatar; revelation, disclosure 351, showing forth; dissemination,

publication 352 2 display, demonstration, show, showing; presentation, showing forth, presentment, exhibition, ex-

hibit, exposition, expo, retrospective;

production, performance,

representation, enactment, projec-

opening, unfolding, unfoldment; showcase, showcasing, unveiling, exposure 3 manifestness, apparentness, obviousness, plainness, clearness. tion;

crystal-clearness, perspicuity, distinctness, microscopical distinctness.

patency, patentness, palpability, tangibility; evidentness, self-evidence;

co-ax , fiber cable, fiberoptic

openness, openness

cable

ness; visibility 3

18 computer networking, Internet,

1

;

to sight, overt

unmistakable-

ness, unquestionability 970.3

348.4-348.13

295 4 conspicuousness, prominence, salience or saliency, bold or high or strong relief, boldness, noticeability,

pronouncedness, strikingness,

demonstrativeness, outstandingness; highlighting, spotlighting, featuring;

obtrusiveness; flagrance or

fla-

grancy, arrantness, blatancy, notori-

ousness, notoriety; ostentation 501; dramatics, theatrics

VERBS

5 manifest, show, exhibit, demonstrate, display, breathe, unfold, develop; present, evince, evi-

dence; indicate, give sign or token, token, betoken, mean 518.8; express, show forth, set forth;

show

make

off,

showcase;

make

plain,

clear; produce, bring out,

roll out, trot out , bring forth, bring forward or to the front, put forward, bring to notice, expose to

view, bring to or into view; reveal, divulge, disclose 351.4; illuminate, highlight, spotlight, feature,

out a mile, stick out like a sore

thumb, hang out 8 manifest, apparent, evident,

ADJS

self-evident, axiomatic, indisputable, obvious, plain, clear, per-

spicuous, distinct, palpable, patent, tangible; visible, perceptible, per-

ceivable, discernible, seeable, observable, noticeable,

much

in

evidence; to be seen, easy to be seen, plain to be seen; plain as day, plain as the nose on one's face, plain as a pikestaff, big as life, big as life and twice as ugly; crystal-clear, clear as crystal; express, explicit, unmistakable, not to be mistaken, open-and-shut ; selfexplanatory, self-explaining; indubitable 970. 15 9 manifesting, manifestative, showing, displaying, showcasing, demonstrating, demonstrative, presentational, expository, expositional, exhibitive, exhibitional, expressive; evincive,

bring to the fore, place in the fore-

evidential; indicative, indicatory; ap-

ground, bring out in bold or strong or high relief; flaunt, dangle, wave, flourish, brandish, parade; affect, make a show or a great

pearing, incarnating, incarnational,

show of; perform, enact, dramatize; embody, incarnate, body forth, materialize

6 come out, come into the open, come out of the closet ,

come

show one's

colors or true colors,

forth, surface;

wear one's heart upon one's sleeve; speak up, speak out, raise one's voice, assert oneself, let one's voice

be heard, speak one's piece or one's mind, stand up and be counted, take a stand; open up,

show one's

mind, have no secrets; appear,

ma-

terialize

7 be manifest, be there for all to see, make an appearance, be no secret or revelation, surface, lie face,

on the

sur-

be seen with half an eye; need

no explanation, speak for itself, tell its own story or tale; go without saying; leap to the eye, stare one in the face, hit one in the eye, strike the eye, glare, shout;

come

across,

project; stand out, stick out, stick

materializing; epiphanic, theophanic,

angelophanic, Satanophanic, Christophanic, pneumatophanic; revelational, revelatory, disclosive 35 1 10; promulgatory 352.18; histrionic 10 open, overt, open to all, open as day, out of the closet ; unclassified; revealed, disclosed, exposed; made .

public; bare, bald,

naked

11 unhidden, unconcealed, unscreened, uncurtained, unshaded, veilless; unobscure, unobscured, undarkened, unclouded; undisguised, uncamouflaged 12 conspicuous, noticeable, notable, ostensible, prominent, bold, pronounced, salient, in relief, in bold or high or strong relief, striking, outstanding, in the foreground, sticking or hanging out ; highlighted, spotlighted, featured; obtrusive; flagrant, arrant, blatant,

notorious; glaring, staring, starkstaring

13 manifested, demonstrated, exhibited, shown, displayed, showcased; manifestable, demonstrable, exhibitable, displayable

349.1-349.10

349

296 zation, portrayal; acting, playing,

REPRESENTATION, DESCRIPTION

NOUNS

dramatization, enacting, enactment, performing, performance; posing,

1 representation, delin-

eation, presentment, drawing, portrayal, portraiture, depiction, depictment, rendering, rendition,

masquerade 5 image, likeness; resemblance, semblance, similitude, simulacrum; ef-

characterization, picturization, figu-

copy 785, fair copy; picture; portrait, likeness; photo-

ration, limning, imaging; prefigure-

graph 714.3; perfect or exact

figy, icon, idol;

like-

ment; illustration, exemplification,

ness, duplicate, double, clone;

demonstration; projection, realiza-

replica, facsimile; match, fellow,

tion, manifestation, presentment;

mate, companion, twin; living im-

imagery, iconography; art 712.1; drama 704.1,5; conventional repre-

age, very image, very picture, living

sentation, plan, diagram,

schema,

dead ringer , spitting image or spit and image , ei-

picture,

schematization, blueprint, chart,

detic image; miniature, model; re-

map; drawing,

flection,

sketch; visual; nota-

tion, mathematical notation, musical

notation, score, tablature; dance notation, Laban dance notation system or labanotation, choreography; sym-

bolization; writing, script, written

word,

text;

writing system; alpha-

bet, syllabary; alphabetic symbol, syllabic symbol, letter, ideogram, pictogram, logogram, logOgraph, hieroglyphic or hieroglyph, rune;

printing 548;

symbol

shadow, mirroring;

6 figure, figurine; doll, dolly ; teddy bear; puppet, marionette,

hand puppet, glove puppet; mannequin or manikin, model, dummy, working model, lay figure; wax figure, waxwork; scarecrow, corn dolly , woman or man of straw, snowman, snowwoman, gingerbread woman or man, scarecrow, robot, automaton; sculpture, bust, statue,

2 description, portrayal, portraiture,

statuette, statuary; portrait bust or

depiction, rendering, rendition, de-

statue; death

lineation, limning, representation

ing,

349; imagery; stream of consciousword painting or picture,

ness;

picture, portrait, image, photo-

graph; evocation, impression;

sketch, vignette, cameo; "characterization, character, character sketch, profile; vivid description, exact de-

scription, realistic

trace,

tracing; rubbing

or naturalistic de-

scription, slice of life, graphic

mask,

wood carving;

life

mask; carv-

figurehead

7 representative, representation, type, specimen, typification, embodiment, type specimen; cross section; exponent; example 786.2, exemplar; exemplification, typicality,

typicalness, representativeness;

epitome, quintessence, figuration

VERBS

8 represent, delineate, de-

pict, render, characterize, hit off,

account; specification, particulariza-

portray, picture, picturize, limn,

tion, particulars, details, itemiza-

draw, paint 712. 18; register, convey an impression of; take or catch a

tion, catalog, cataloging;

narration;

version

3 account, recounting, statement, report, word, statement of fact; playby-play description, blow-by-blow account or description; case study or history 4 impersonation, personation; mimicry, mimicking, mime, miming, pantomime, pantomiming, aping, dumb show; mimesis, imitation 336; personification, embodiment, incarnation, realization; characteri-

likeness, capture; notate, write, print,

map,

chart, diagram,

schema-

tize; trace, trace out, trace over; rub,

take a rubbing; record, photograph, film, shoot, scan; symbolize 5 17. 18 9 describe, portray, picture, render,

depict, represent, delineate, limn, paint, draw; evoke, bring to

make one

life,

see; outline, sketch;

char-

acterize, character; express, set

words

write 547.21 10 go for or as, pass for or as, count forth, give

to;

349.11-351.1

297 for or as, answer for or as, stand in

injustice, unjust representation;

the place of, be taken as, be re-

misdrawing, mispainting; misstatement, misreport, misquotation, mis-

garded as, be the equivalent of; serve as, be accepted for 11 image, mirror, hold the mirror up to nature, reflect, figure;

body

information; misdirection,

misguidance; nonrepreseptationalism, nonrealism, abstractionism, expressionism, calculated distortion; overstatement, exaggeration, hyperbole, overdrawing; un-

embody,

forth, incarnate, personify,

personate, impersonate; illustrate,

demonstrate, exemplify; project, realize;

shadow, shadow forth; prefig-

derstatement, litotes, conservative

ure, pretypify, foreshadow,

estimate; adulteration, forgery,

adumbrate 12 impersonate, personate; mimic, mime, pantomime, take off, do or give an impression of, mock; ape, copy; pose as, masquerade as, affect the manner or guise of, pass for,

counterfeiting; cover-up, whitewash 2 bad or poor likeness, daub, botch; scribble, scratch, hen tracks or scratches ; distortion, distorted image, false image, anamorphosis,

astigmatism; travesty, parody, caricature, burlesque, gross exaggera-

pretend to be, represent oneself

to be; act, enact, perform, do; play,

act as, act or play a part, act the part

tion

VERBS

3 misrepresent, belie, give a idea, pass or pawn or foist or

wrong

of, act out, role-play, portray

ADJS

fob off as, send or deliver the wrong

13 representational,

signal or message; put in a false

representative, depictive, delineatory, resemblant; illustrative,

light,

il-

pervert, distort, garble,

lustrational; pictorial, graphic, vivid;

twist, warp, deform, wrench, slant,

ideographic, pictographic, figura-

put a spin on, twist the meaning of;

representing, portraying,

color, miscolor, pervert, give a false

limning, illustrating; typifying,

coloring, put a false construction or

tive;

symbolizing, symbolic, personifying, incarnating,

embodying; imita-

tive, mimetic, simulative, apish, mimish; echoic, onomatopoeic 14 descriptive, depictive, expositive,

representative, representational, delineative; expressive, vivid,

graphic, well-drawn, detailed; realistic, naturalistic,

true to

like, real-life, faithful;

life, life-

evocative

15 typical, typic, typal; exemplary, sample; characteristic, distinctive,

appearance upon, slant, falsify 354.16; misteach 569.3; disguise, camouflage; misstate, misreport, misquote, put words into one's mouth, quote out of context; overstate, exaggerate, overdraw, blow up, blow out of all proportion, overemphasize; understate; travesty, parody, caricature, burlesque; misinform, disinform 4 misdraw, mispaint; overdraw, daub, botch, butcher, scribble,

distinguishing, quintessential; real-

naturalistic; natural, nor' mal, usual, regular, par for the course ; true to type, true to form, the nature of the beast

scratch

istic,

DISCLOSURE NOUNS 1 disclosure, disclosing;

351

revelation, revealment, revealing,

MISREPRESENTATION NOUNS 1 misrepresentation, per-

350

version, distortion, deformation, garbling, twisting, slanting; inaccuracy; coloring, miscoloring, false

coloring; false pretenses; falsification 354.9, spin, spin control, disinformation; misteaching 569;

making

public, publicizing, broad-

casting,

announcement; apocalypse;

discovery, discovering; manifestation 348; unfolding, unfoldment, uncovering, unwrapping, uncloaking,

taking the wraps off, taking from under wraps, removing the veil, unveiling,

unmasking; exposure,

exposition, expose; baring, strip-

351.2-351.10

298

ping, stripping or laying bare; outing

; showing up 2 divulgence, divulging, divulgement, divulgation, letting out, full report;

betrayal, unwitting disclosure, in-

communication giveaway and dead giveaway

oneself, let into the secret; publish

352. 10

6 betray, inform, inform on 551.12, talk and peach ; rat and stool

and sing and squeal ,

turn

discretion; leak,

state's evidence; leak

leak;

, spill the beans ; let the cat out of the bag , speak be-

; telltale, telltale sign, obvious blabbing and blabbering , babbling; tattling; state's eviclue;

dence 3 confession, confessing, shrift, acknowledgment, admission, concession, avowal, self-admission,

ownowning up and coming clean , unbosoming, unburdening self-concession, self-avowal,

ing,

oneself, getting a load off one's

mind ,

fessing up ,

making

a clean breast, baring one's breast; rite

of confession

VERBS

4 disclose, reveal, let out, show, impart, discover, leak, let slip out, let the cat out of the bag and spill the beans ; manifest 348.5; unfold, unroll; open, open up, lay open, break the seal, bring into the open, get out in the open, bring out of the closet; expose, show up; bare, strip or lay bare, blow the lid

and blow wide open and rip open and crack wide open ; take the lid off, bring to light, bring into the open, hold up to view; hold up the mirror to; unmask, dismask, tear off the mask, uncover, unveil, off

take the lid off , ventilate, take

out from under wraps, take the

wraps

off, lift

or draw the

light on, unscreen, uncloak,

undrape, unshroud, unfurl, unsheathe, unwrap, unpack, unkennel; put one wise

and clue one

in

and

bring one up to speed , put one in the picture ,

open

one's eyes

known,

tell,

make

breathe, utter, vent,

ventilate, air, give vent to, give let get around, out with , come out with; break it to, break the news; let in on or to, confide, confide to, let

out, let out ,

one's hair

and

tell,

give

down , unbosom

away

and give the show away and give the game away , betray a confidence,

tell secrets,

reveal a secret;

have a big mouth or bazoo , blab or blabber ; babble, tattle, tell or tattle on, tell tales, tell tales out of school; talk out of rum, let slip, let fall or drop; blurt, blurt out 7 confess, break down and confess, admit, acknowledge, tell all, avow, concede, grant, own, own up , let on, implicate or incriminate oneself, come clean ; spill and spill it and spill one's guts ; tell the truth, tell all, admit everything, let it all hang out , throw off all disguise; plead guilty, own oneself in the wrong, cop a plea ; unbosom oneself, make a clean breast, get it off one's chest , get it out of one's system , disburden or unburden one's mind or conscience or heart, get a load off one's mind , fess up ; out with it and spit it out and open up ; throw oneself on the mercy of

show come out

one's colors or true colors,

of the closet , show one's hand or cards, put or lay one's cards on the table

8 be revealed, become known, surface, come to light, appear, manifest itself,

come

to one's ears,

transpire, leak out, get out,

out, out,

5 divulge, divulgate; reveal,

spill

fore one thinks, be unguarded or indiscreet,, kiss

the court; reveal oneself,

veil, raise

the curtain, let daylight in, shine

some

,

come home

out in the wash, break forth,

show

come come

to roost,

show

colors, be seen in

its

face;

its

true colors, stand revealed;

its

blow

one's cover

ADJS

9 revealed, disclosed 348. 10

10 disclosive, revealing, revelatory, revelational; disclosing, showing, exposing, betraying: kiss-and-tell;

351.11-352.10

299 eye-opening; talkative 343.10, 540.9; admitted, confessed, self-

confessed 11 confessional, admissive

tub-thumping, press-agentry; advertising, salesmanship 734.2, Madison Avenue, hucksterism ; advertising campaign; advertising

medium or meadvocacy group 6 advertisement, ad , advert , notice; commercial, message, important message, message or words from the sponsor; spot commercial or spot, network commercial; infomercial; reader, reading notice; display ad; want ad agency; advertising

352

dia; advocacy,

PUBLICATION

NOUNS

1 publication, publishing,

promulgation, evulgation, propagation, dissemination, diffusion,

broadcast, broadcasting, spread, spreading, spreading abroad, divulgence, disclosure, circulation, ventilation, airing, noising, bandying, bruiting, bruiting about, spreading the word; display; issue, issuance; telecasting, videocasting; printing

548; book, periodical 555 2 announcement, annunciation, enun-

proclamation, pronouncement, pronunciamento; edict,

ciation;

decree; report,

communique, decla-

ration, statement; public declaration

or statement, program,

, classified ad; spread, two-

page spread, testimonial; advertorial; trailer;

7 poster,

teaser

bill,

placard, sign, show

card, banner; signboard, billboard,

highway sign, hoarding ; sandwich board; marquee; bulletin board 8 advertising matter, promotional material, public relations handout or release, literature ; leaflet,

programma, notice, notification,

leaf, folder,

public notice; speech; circular, en-

throwaway, handout,

cyclical, encyclical letter;

mani-

festo, position paper; broadside;

rationale; white paper, white book;

ukase, edict 420.4; bulletin board, notice board 3 press release, release, handout, bulletin, official bulletin,

notice

4 publicity, publicness, notoriety, fame, famousness, renown, notoriousness, infamy, notice, public no-

or recognition, celebrity, reclame and eclat ; limelight and spotlight , daylight, bright light, glare, public eye or consciousness, exposure, currency, common or public knowledge, widest or tice

maximum dissemination,

public fo-

rum; ballyhoo and hoopla ; rehue and cry; public relations or PR, flackery ; publicity story, press notice; propaganda; write-up, puff , plug , blurb , hype ; photo opportunity, photo op ;

port, public report; cry,

name

in bright lights

5 promotion, buildup and promo , flack , publicization, publicizing, promoting, advocating, advocacy, bruiting, drumbeating,

handbill,

bill, flier,

circular,

pamphlet, brochure, broadside, broadsheet; insert or insertion

9 publicist, publicizer, public

rela-

tions person, public relations officer,

PR person,

flack

and pitchman or

pitchperson , public relations specialist, publicity

man or agent,

press agent, flack , imagemaker; advertiser; adman and huckster and pitchman ; ad writer , copywriter, blurb writer; promoter, booster ,

plugger ; ballyhooer or ballyhoo man ; barker, spieler , skywriter; billposter; signpainter;

sandwich boy or man; spin

doctor

VERBS

10 publish, promulgate, propagate, circulate, circularize, diffuse, disseminate, distribute, broadcast, televise, telecast, videocast, air, spread, spread around or about, spread far and wide, publish abroad, pass the word around, bruit, bruit about, advertise, repeat, retail, put about, bandy about, noise about, cry about or abroad, noise or sound abroad, bruit abroad, set news afloat, spread a report;

352.11-353.6

300

rumor, launch a rumor, voice, whisrumor about, whisper or buzz about 11 make public, go public with ; bring or lay or drag before the pub-

about, have currency, get

per, buzz,

lic,

posure,

world,

put out, give

make known;

351.5; ventilate,

air,

or buzz or blow

breadth of the land; spread like

to the

to,

fly

mouth to mouth, be on everyone's lips, go through the length and

divulge

give air

go or

about, go the rounds, pass from

display, take one's case to the

public, give or

around or

about, get abroad, get afloat, get ex-

wildfire

ADJS

bring into the open, get out in the

17 published, public, made

public, circulated, in circulation,

open, open up, broach, give vent to 12 announce, annunciate, enunciate;

promulgated, propagated, disseminated, issued, spread, diffused, dis-

declare, state, declare roundly, af-

tributed; in print; broadcast,

firm, pronounce, give notice; say,

telecast, televised; announced, proclaimed, declared, stated, affirmed;

make

message or signal; report, make an announcement or a report, issue a statement, publish or issue a mania statement, send a

reported, brought to notice; com-

festo, present a position paper, issue

a white paper, hold a press confer-

ence 13 proclaim,

mon knowledge, common

property,

current; open, accessible,

open

to

the public; hot off the press

18 publicational, promulgator^ propagatory; proclamatory, annunciatory,

cry, cry out,

promulgate,

enunciative; declarative, declara-

give voice to; herald, herald

tory; heraldic; promotional

abroad; blazon, blaze, blaze or bla-

zon about or abroad,

blare, blare

forth or abroad, thunder, declaim,

shout, trumpet, trumpet or thunder forth, announce with flourish of trumpets or beat of drum; shout from the housetops, proclaim at the crossroads or market cross, proclaim at Charing Cross 14 issue, bring out, put out, get out, launch, get off, emit, put or give or

send

forth, offer to the public, pass

out

15 publicize, give publicity; go public with ; bring or drag into the limelight, throw the spotlight on ; advertise, promote, build up, cry up, sell, puff , boost , plug , ballyhoo ; put on the map, make a household word of, establish; bark and spiel ; make a pitch for

and beat

the

drum

for

and thump

the tub for ; write up, give a write-up, press-agent ; circularize; bulletin; bill; post bills, post,

post up, placard; sky-

MESSENGER NOUNS 1 messenger, message bearer,

353

dispatch bearer, courier, diplomatic courier, carrier, runner, express , dispatch rider, pony rider, post rider; bicycle or motorcycle messenger; go-between 576.4; emissary 576.6; Mercury, Hermes, Iris, Pheidippides, Paul Re-

express

vere; post office, courier service,

package service, message service or center; answering service 2 herald, harbinger, forerunner, vaunt-courier; evangel, evangelist,

bearer of glad tidings; herald angel,

Gabriel

3 announcer, annunciator, enunciator; proclaimer; crier, town crier, bell-

man 4 errand boy, office boy, messengerboy, copyboy; bellhop , bellboy, bellman, callboy, caller 5 postman, mailman, mail carrier, letter carrier; postmaster, post-

mistress; postal clerk

write

16

come

out, appear,

6 carrier pigeon, car

homing pigeon, homer ;

break, hit the streets , issue, go

rier,

or come

pigeon post; post-horse, poster; post coach, mail coach, post boat, packet boat or ship, mail boat, mail packet;

forth, find vent, see

light, see the light

the

of day, become

public; circulate, spread, spread

354.1-354.11

301 mail

354

train,

moniousness,

mail car, post car, post

religiosity, false piety,

office car, railway mail car; mail

ostentatious devotion, pietism,

truck; mail plane; electronic mail

Bible-thumping ; mealymouthedness, unctuousness, oiliness, smarminess or smarm ;

FALSENESS

NOUNS

cant,

sity, inveracity,

thenticity, unrealness, artificiality,

soap ; crocodile tears 7 quackery, chicanery, quackishness, quackism, mountebankery, charlatanry, charlatanism; imposture;

humbug, humbuggery

factitiousness, syntheticness

3 sham, fakery, faking,

lip ser-

empty gesture; smooth tongue, smooth talk, sweet talk and soft

untruth, truthless-

ness, untrueness; fallaciousness, fallacy, erroneousness 975.1 2 spuriousness, phoniness , bogusness, ungenuineness, unau-

mummery, mouthing;

vice; tokenism; token gesture,

1 falseness, falsehood, fal-

falsity, feign-

8 untruthfulness, dishonesty,

false-

ing, pretending; feint, pretext, pre-

hood, unveracity, unveraciousness,

tense, hollow pretense, pretension,

truthlessness,

false pretense or pretension;

hum-

mendacity;

mendaciousness,

credibility gap; lying,

bug, humbuggery; bluff, bluffing, four-flushing ; speciousness,

fibbing, fibbery, pseudology; patho-

meretriciousness; cheating, fraud;

mania

imposture; deception, delusion 356.1; acting, playacting; represen-

logical lying, habitual lying,

mytho-

9 deliberate falsehood, disinformation, falsification, disinforming,

simulation, simulacrum; dissembling, dissemblance, dissimulation; seeming, semblance, ap-

sion, distortion, straining,

pearance, face, ostentation, show,

misconstruction, misstatement, col-

falsifying; confabulation;

tation,

false

show, outward show,

window

oring, false coloring, miscoloring,

false air;

slanting, imparting a spin ;

tampering, cooking

gilt; color,

coloring, false color; masquerade, disguise; posture, pose, posing,

atti-

tudinizing; mannerism, affectation

500 4 falseheartedness, falseness, doubleheartedness, doubleness of heart,

doubleness, duplicity, twofacedness, double-facedness,

faith;

tifice,

low cunning, cunning,

nard; forgery; fiction, figment,

ar-

wile 415.1,3; deceitfulness

356.3; faithlessness, treachery 645.6

5 insincerity, uncandidness, uncandor, unfrankness, disingenuousness, indirectness; emptiness,

hollowness; mockery, hollow mockery; crossed fingers,

and fiddling

; stretching, nationalization, exaggeration 355; prevarication, equivocation 344.4; perjury, false swearing, oath breaking, false oath, false plea 10 fabrication, invention, concoction, disinformation; canard, base ca-

myth, legend, fable, story, romanticized version, extravaganza; old

double-dealing, ambidexterity; double standard; dishonesty, improbity, lack of integrity, Machiavellianism,

bad

bend-

ing; misrepresentation,

dressing, front, false front,

facade, gloss, varnish;

perver-

tongue in

cheek, unseriousness; halfheartedness; sophistry, Jesuitry, Jesuitism,

casuistry 936.

6 hypocrisy, hypocriticalness; Tartuffery, Tartuffism, Pecksniffery,

Pharisaism, sanctimony 693, sancti-

wives'

11

tale, unfact falsehood, falsity, untruth, false statement, untruism, mendacity,

lie,

prevarication, fib, taradiddle or

tar-

radiddle , flimflam or flam, a

crock and a crock of shit ; fiction, pious fiction, legal fiction; story , trumped-up story, farrago; yarn , tale, fairy tale , ghost story; farfetched story, tall tale and tall story , cockand-bull story, fish story , flight of fancy; exaggeration 355; half-truth, stretching of the truth, slight stretching, white lie, little

354.12-354.25

302

white lie; partial truth; propaganda, rumor, gossip, empty talk; a pack of

12 monstrous lie, consummate lie, deep-dyed falsehood, out-and-out lie, whopper , gross or flagrant or shameless falsehood, downright lie, barefaced lie, dirty lie , lie;

slander, libel 512.3; the big

or load of crap 13 fake, fakement and put-up job , phony , rip-off , sham, mock, imitation, simulacrum, lie;

bullshit

dummy;

paste, tinsel, clinquant , pinchbeck, shoddy, junk; counterfeit, forgery; put-up job and frame-up , put-on ; hoax, cheat, fraud, swindle 356.8; whited sepulcher, whitewash job ; impostor 357.6 14 humbug, humbuggery; bunk ,

bunkum; hooey and hoke and

hokum bullshit

lie, tell

untruthful, trifle with the truth, deviate

from the

truth, fib,

story ;

stretch the truth, strain or bend the truth; draw the longbow; exagger-

ate 355.3; throat, lie

lie flatly, lie in

one's

through one's teeth,

lie

like a trooper, prevaricate, mis-

equivocate 344.7; deceive, mislead, tell a white lie; bullshit state,

20 swear falsely, perjure, perjure oneself, bear false witness 21 sham, fake , feign, counterfeit, simulate, put up , gam-

mon

; pretend,

pretense,

make

show

make

or as

, bosh , bull and and crap , baloney

fanta-

about a lie, falsify, speak falsely, speak with forked tongue , be size, fantasize

19

lies

big

up ; counterfeit, forge;

believe,

make

a

make a

make as though; go through the moof,

like ,

if

on like ; assume, put on; dis-

tions ; let on, let affect, profess,

, flimflam, flam, smoke and mirrors , claptrap, moonshine,

eyewash, hogwash, gammon , jiggery-pokery 15 ring false, not ring true 16 falsify, belie, misrepresent, miscolor; misstate, misquote, misreport, miscite; overstate, understate; pervert, distort, strain, warp, slant, twist, warp, stretch the truth, impart spin ; garble; put a false appearance upon, give a false coloring,

VERBS

simulate, dissemble, cover up; act, play, playact, put on an act or a charade , act or play a part; put

up a

front , put on a front or

false front ; four-flush ,

up a bluff ; play possum , roll over and play dead 22 pose as, masquerade as, impersonate, pass for, assume the guise or bluff, pull or put

identity of, set of, represent

whitewash, varnish, paper over ; fudge , dress up, titivate, embellish, embroider, trick or prink out; deodorize, make smell like roses; disguise, camouflage, mask; propagandize, gossip 17 tamper with, manipulate, fake, juggle, sophisticate, doctor and cook , rig, cook or juggle the books or the accounts ; pack, stack; adulterate; retouch; load; salt, plant , salt a mine 18 fabricate, invent, manufacture, trump up, make up, hatch, concoct, cook up and make out of whole cloth , fictionalize, mythologize, fudge , fake, hoke gild, gloss, gloss over,

,

tenses,

under

up

for, act

the part

oneself to be, claim or

pretend to be,

falsely color, give a color to, color,

make false

go under

pre-

false pretenses, sail

false colors

23 be hypocritical, act or play the hypocrite; cant, be holier than the Pope or thou, reek of piety; shed crocodile tears, snivel, mouth; give mouth honor, render or give lip service; sweet-talk, soft-soap, blandish

511.5

24 play a double game or role, play both ends against the middle, work both sides of the street, have it both ways at once, have one's cake and eat it too, nin with the hare and hunt with the hounds ; twotime ADJS 25 false, untrue, truthless, not true, void or devoid of truth, con-

354.26-355.3

303 trary to fact, in error, fallacious, er-

33 hypocritic or hypocritical, canting,

roneous 975. 16; unfounded 936. 13;

Pecksniffian, pharisaic, pharisaical,

disinformative

pharisean, sanctimonious, goody-

goody ,

26 spurious, ungenuine, unauthentic, supposititious, bastard, pseudo, quasi, apocryphal, fake ,

phony , sham, mock, counterfeit,

cial,

unveridical, truthless, lying,

prevaricating, equivocal 344. 1

EXAGGERATION NOUNS 1 exaggeration, exaggerat-

355

embroidered; garbled; twisted, distorted, warped, perverted, slanted;

simu-

lated, faked, feigned, colored,

ficti-

pretended, affected, assumed, put-on; artificial, synthetic, ersatz;

made;

man-

illegitimate; soi-disant

self-styled; pinchbeck,

ness, prodigality 486, overdoing it, going too far, overshooting; magnienlargement, amplifica-

fication,

,

brummagem

, tinsel, shoddy, tin, junky 27 specious, meretricious, gilded, tinsel, seeming, apparent, colored, col-

tion, dilation, dilatation, inflation,

expansion, blowing up, puffing up, aggrandizement, embellishment, elaboration, embroidery; stretching,

heightening, enhancement; overemphasis, overstressing; overestimation

orable, plausible, ostensible

28 quack, quackish; charlatan, charlatanish, charlatanic

29 fabricated, invented, manufactured, concocted, hatched, trumped-up, made-up, put-up, cooked-up ; forged;

ing; overstatement, big or tall talk , hyperbole, hyperbolism; su-

perlative; extravagance, profuse-

tious, Active, counterfeited,

unreal; factitious, unnatural,

menda-

cious, untrue; perjured, forsworn;

so-called,

imitation 336.8; not what it's cracked up to be ;~ falsified; dressed up, titivated, embellished,

half-true, falsely colored;

artifi-

dissembling, phony

34 untruthful, dishonest, unveracious,

colorable, bogus, queer ,

dummy, make-believe,

holier-than-the-Pope,

holier-than-thou, simon-pure;

ordinacy, overkill, excess 993; burlesque, travesty, caricature; crock

, whopper, alism, puffery

fictitious, fictional, fiction-

story; sensation-

tall

and ballyhoo ,

touting, huckstering; grandiloquence

alized, figmental, mythical, fabulous, legendary; fantastic, fantasied,

fancied, legendary

30 tampered with, manipulated, cooked and doctored , juggled, rigged, engineered; packed

949; exaggerated lengths, extreme, extremism, stretch, exorbitance, in-

.

31 falsehearted, false, falseprincipled, false-dealing; double,

duplicitous, ambidextrous, double-

dealing, double-hearted, double-

minded, double-tongued, double-faced, two-faced, Janus-

545; painting or gilding the

lily; to-

do and hype and hoopla 2 overreaction, much ado about nothing, fuss, uproar, commotion, storm or tempest in a teapot, making a mountain out of a molehill VERBS 3 exaggerate, hyperbolize; overstate, overreach, overdraw, overcharge; overstress, overemphasize; overdo, carry too far, go to extremes; push to the extreme, in-

faced; Machiavellian, dishonest;

dulge in overkill, overestimate

crooked, deceitful; creative,

949.2; gild the

artful,

cunning, crafty 415.12; faithless, perfidious, treacherous 645:21

32 insincere, uncandid, unf rank, mealymouthed, unctuous, oily, disingenuous, ungenuine, pseudo, smarmy ; dishonest; empty, hollow; tongue in cheek, unserious; sophistic or sophistical, Jesuitic or Jesuitical, casuistic

936.10

lily;

oversell, tout, puff

and hype ;

overpraise,

and ballyhoo

stretch, stretch the

truth, stretch the point,

draw the

longbow, embellish; magnify, inflate,

amplify; aggrandize, build

up; pile or lay

it

on and pour or

spread or lay it on thick and lay it on with a trowel ; pile Pelion on Ossa; talk big , talk in su-

355.4-356.8

304

perlatives, deal in the marvelous,

make much

overreact, make a Federal case out of it , some : thing out of nothing, make a mountain out of a molehill, create a tempest in a teapot or teacup, make too much of, cry over spilt milk; caricature, travesty, burlesque, of;

ham, ham it up ADJS 4 exaggerated, hyperbolical, magnified, amplified, inflated, aggrandized, stylized, embroidered, embellished, varnished; stretched,

blown up out of proportion, blown out of proportion, overblown; overpraised, oversold, overrated, touted, puffed and ballyhooed , hyped ; overemphasized, overemphatic, overstressed; overstated, overdrawn; overdone, overwrought, a bit thick; caricatural, melodramatic, farfetched, too much , over the top; overestimated 949.3; overlarge, overgreat; extreme, pushed to the extreme, exorbitant, inordinate, excessive 993.16; superlative, extravagant, profuse, prodigal 486.8; high-flown, grandiloquent 545.8; overexposed 5 exaggerating, exaggerative, hyper-

2 misleading, misguidance, misdirection; bum steer ; misinformation 569.1 3 deceit, deceitfulness, guile, falseness, insidiousness,

underhanded-

ness; shiftiness, furtiveness, surreptitiousness, indirection;

hypocrisy 354.6; falseheartedness, duplicity 354.4; treacherousness 645.6; artfulness, craft, guile, cunning 415; sneakiness 345.4; sneak attack

4 chicanery, chicane, skulduggery

disproportionate,

, knavery, trickery, dodgery,

all

pettifogging, pettifoggery, artifice,

bolical

DECEPTION NOUNS 1 deception, calculated de-

356

sleight, tice,

machination; sharp pracdealing, foul play;

underhand

connivery, connivance, collusion, conspiracy, covin ; fakery,

charlatanism, mountebankery,

quackery 5 juggling, jugglery, trickery, dirty pool , prestidigitation, conjuration, legerdemain, sleight of hand, smoke and mirrors ; mumbo jumbo, hocus-pocus, hanky-panky and monkey business and hokeypokey , nobbling and jiggerypokery , shenanigans 6 trick, artifice, device, ploy, gambit, stratagem, scheme, design, subterfuge, blind, ruse, wile, chouse , shift, dodge, artful dodge, sleight, pass, feint, fetch, chicanery;

bluff;

gimmick, joker, catch; curve,

curveball, googly or bosey or

ception, deceptiveness, subterfuge,

wrong' un ; dirty trick,

gimmickry or gimmickery,

dirty deal, fast deal, scurvy trick;

tricki-

ness; falseness 354; fallaciousness,

sleight of hand, sleight-of-hand

fond illusion, wishful thinking, willful misconception; vision, hallucination, phan-

trick,

fallacy; self-deception,

tasm, mirage, will-o'-the-wisp,

delusion, delusiveness, illusion 975; deceiving, victimization, dupery;

bamboozlement , hoodwinking; swindling, defrauding, conning,

flimflam or flimflammery ; fooling, befooling, tricking, kidding

and putting on ; spoofing and spoofery ; bluffing; circumvention, overreaching, outwitting; en-

snarement, entrapment, enmeshment, entanglement; smoke

and mirrors

trick;

hocus-pocus; juggle, juggler's bag of tricks, tricks of the

trade

7 hoax, deception, spoof , humbug, flam, fake and fakement, ripoff , sham; mare's nest; put-on

8 fraud, fraudulence or fraudulency, dishonesty; imposture; imposition, cheat, cheating, cozenage, swindle, dodge, fishy transaction, piece of sharp practice; customer-

gouging, insider-trading, short weight, chiseling; gyp joint ; racket , illicit business 732; graft , grift ; bunco; card-

356.9-356.22

305 sharping; ballot-box stuffing, gerry-

mandering 9 gyp, ripoff 10 confidence game, con skin

game

shell

game,

game ,

, bunco game; thimblerig, thimblerig-

ging; bucket shop, boiler

room

; goldbrick; bait-and-switch, the wire, the payoff, the rag, past-

posting

11 cover, disguise, camouflage, protective coloration; false colors, false

front 354.3; incognito; smoke

masquerade, masque, mummery; mask, visor, vizard, false face, domino, domino mask; screen;

red herring, diversion

12 trap, gin; flytrap,

pitfall, trapfall, deadfall;

mousetrap, mole

trap, rat-

bear trap; deathtrap, firetrap; Venus's flytrap, Dionaea; Catch-22; trap,

spring gun, set gun; baited trap;

booby

trap, mine; decoy 357.5;

hidden danger 13 snare, springe; noose, lasso,

lariat;

bola; net, trawl, dragnet, seine,

purse seine, pound net,

web; meshes, sniggle; bait,

toils;

gill net; cobfishhook, hook,

ground

jig, squid, plug,

bait; lure, fly,

wobbler, spinner;

lime, birdlime

14 deceive, beguile, trick, hoax, dupe, gammon, gull, pigeon, play one for a fool or sucker, bamboozle and snow and hornswoggle and diddle and scam , nobble , humbug, take in, put on and hocus-pocus , string along, put something over or across, slip one over on , pull a fast one on; play games ; delude, mock; let

down, leave

in the lurch,

leave holding the bag, play one

double-cross , cheat on; two-time ; juggle, conjure; bluff; cajole, circumvent, get around, forestall; overreach, outreach, outwit, outmaneuver, outsmart 15 fool, befool, make a fool of, practice on one's credulity, pull one's leg, make an ass of; trick; spoof and kid and put one on ; play a trick on, play a practical joke upon, send on a fool's errand; fake one out false,

569.3 17 hoodwink, blindfold, blind, blind one's eyes, throw dust in one's eyes, pull the wool over one's eyes 18 cheat, victimize, gull, pigeon, fudge, swindle, defraud, practice fraud upon, euchre, con, finagle, fleece, mulct, fob, bilk, cozen,

do out of, chouse out of, beguile of or out of; obtain under false pretenses; live by one's wits; bunco, play a bunco game; sell gold bricks ; shortchange, shortweight, skim off the top; stack the cards or deck, pack the deal , deal off the bottom of

chouse, cheat out of,

the deck, play with

cog the

cards;

; throw a fight or

game , 19 gyp,

20 trap,

marked

dice, load the dice; thimb-

lerig; crib

VERBS

betray,

; sell one a bill of goods, give one a snow job 16 mislead, misguide, misdirect, lead astray, lead up the garden path, give a bum steer ; fake someone out, feed one a line , throw off the scent, throw off the track or trail, put on a false scent, drag or draw a red herring across the trail; throw one a curve or curveball , bowl a googly or bosey or wrong 'un ; misinform

take a dive

clip,

scam

entrap, gin, catch, catch out,

catch in a trap; catch unawares, am-

bush; ensnare, snare, hook, in, sniggle,

hook

noose; inveigle; net,

mesh, enmesh, ensnarl, wind, tangle, entangle, entoil, enweb; trip, trip up; set or lay a trap for, bait the hook, spread the toils; lime, birdlime; lure, allure, decoy 377.3 ADJS 21 deceptive, deceiving, misleading, beguiling, false, fallacious, delusive, delusory; hallucinatory,

il-

lusive, illusory; tricky, trickish,

catchy; fishy , questionable, dubious; delusional

22 deceitful,

false; fraudulent, sharp,

guileful, insidious, slick, slippery,

slippery as an eel, shifty, tricky, trickish, cute, finagling, chiseling

; underhand, underhanded, furtive, surreptitious, indirect; collusive, covinous; falsehearted,

two-

306

357.1-358.2 faced; treacherous 645.21

;

sneaky

7 masquerader, masker; imperson-

mummer,

345.12; cunning, artful, gimmicky

ator, personator;

, wily, crafty 415.12; calculating, scheming, double-dealing

incognito, incognita

guisard;

8 hypocrite, phony , sanctimonious fraud, pharisee, whited sepul-

DECEIVER NOUNS 1 deceiver, deluder,

cher, canter, snuffler,

357

misleader, beguiler,

duper,

poseur, poser; Tartuffe, Pecksniff

bamboozler

; actor, playactor , roleplayer; dissembler, dissimulator; confidence man; double-dealer, Machiavelli, Machiavel, Machiavellian; dodger, Artful Dodger , counterfeiter, forger, faker; plagiarizer, plagiarist; entrancer, enchanter, charmer, befuddler, hypnotizer, mesmerizer; seducer, Don Juan, Casanova;

and Uriah Heep, Joseph Surface; false friend, fair-weather friend;

summer 9

soldier;

cupboard lover

liar, fibber, fibster, fabricator, list,

pseudologist;

falsifier;

cator, equivocator, evader,

fabu-

prevari-

mudger

, waffler , palterer;

and yarn spinner and spinner of yarns , doublestoryteller; yarner

talker;

Ananias; Satan, Father of

Baron Munchausen; Sir John

Lies;

gay de-

hoaxer, practical joker; spoofer

Mandeville; consummate liar; dirty liar; pathological liar, mythomane, mythomaniac, pseudologue, con-

and kidder and ragger and puller

liar;

tease, teaser;

jilt, jilter;

ceiver; fooler, joker, jokester,

firmed or habitual liar, consummate perjurer, false witness; slan-

leg-

2 trickster, tricker; juggler, sleightof-hand performer, magician, illusionist, conjurer, prestidigitator,

derer, libeler, libelant; bullshitter

10

traitor, treasonist, betrayer, quisling, rat , serpent, snake, cock-

manipulator 3 cheat, cheater; two- timer ; swindler, defrauder, cozener, juggler; sharper, sharp, spieler, pitchman, pitchperson; confidence man, confidence trickster, horse trader, horse coper ; cardsharp,

atrice, snake in the grass, double-crosser , doubledealer; double agent; trimmer, timeserver; turncoat 363.5; informer 551.6; archtraitor; Judas, Judas Iscariot, Benedict Arnold, Quisling, Brutus; schemer, plotter, intriguer,

cardsharper; thimblerigger; short-

changer; shyster and pettifogger ; land shark, land pirate, land

conspirer, conspirator, conniver,

grabber, mortgage shark; carpetbag-

ger; crimp 4 gyp, bunco

artist,

con, scam-

machinator; pseud , two-timer 11 subversive; saboteur, fifth columnist, crypto; security risk; collabo-

mer 5

mealy-mouth,

dissembler, dissimulator, pretender,

shill,

rationist, collaborator, fratemizer;

decoy,

come-on

man ,

fifth

; agent provocateur 6 impostor, ringer; impersonator; pretender; sham, shammer, humbug, fraud , fake and faker and phony , fourflusher , bluff, bluffer;

charlatan, quack,

quacksalver, quackster,

mounte-

bank, saltimbanco; wolf in sheep's clothing, ass in lion's skin, jackdaw in peacock's feathers; poser, poseur;

malingerer

column, underground; Trojan

horse; renegade

plant, capper, stool pigeon, stoolie

DUPE NOUNS 1 dupe, gull, gudgeon;

358

vic-

tim; gullible or dupable or credulous person, trusting or simple soul. innocent, naif . babe, babe m

woods; greenhorn; toy, playmonkey; fool c )24; stooge. cat's-paw 2 sucker, patsy the

thing:

359.1-359.11

307

RESOLUTION NOUNS 1 resolution, resolve, re-

359

solvedness, determination, decision, fixed or firm resolve, will,

purpose; resoluteness, determinedness, determinateness, decisiveness,

decidedness, purposefulness; definiteness; earnestness, seriousness, sincerity, devotion, dedication,

com-

mitment, total commitment; singlemindedness, relentlessness, persistence, tenacity, perseverance 360; self-will, obstinacy 361 2 firmness, firmness of mind or spirit, fixity of purpose, staunchness, set-

mind, make or take a

make seal;

resolution,

a point of; settle, settle on,

come

conclude,

fix,

to a determina-

or conclusion or decision, determine once and for all tion

8 be determined, be resolved; have a mind or will of one's own, know one's own mind; be in earnest, mean business , mean what one says; have blood in one's eyes and be out for blood , set one's mind or heart upon; put one's heart into, devote or commit or dedicate oneself to, give oneself up oneself, buckle steel oneself,

buckle

to;

down, buckle

brace oneself,

to;

grit

tledness, steadiness, constancy,

one's teeth, set one's teeth or jaw;

steadfastness, fixedness, unshak-

put or lay or set one's shoulder to

ableness; stability 855; concentra-

the wheel; take the bull

tion; flintiness, steeliness;

take the plunge, cross the Rubicon;

inflexibility, rigidity,

unyieldingness

361.2; trueness, loyalty 644.7

3 pluck, spunk , mettle, back-

bone ,

grit, true grit, spirit,

stamina, guts and moxie , bottom, toughness ; clenched teeth, gritted teeth; pluckiness,

spunkiness , gameness, feistiness , mettlesomeness; courage

492 4 willpower, will, power, strongmindedness, strength of mind, strength or fixity of purpose, strength, fortitude,

moral

fiber;

iron will, will of iron or steel; a will or mind of one's own, law unto one-

courage of one's convicmoral courage

by the horns,

nail one's colors to the mast,

burn

one's bridges or boats, go for broke

and shoot

down the

the

works , kick

away

ladder, throw

the

scabbard; never say die, die hard, die fighting, die with one's boots on 9 remain firm, stand fast or firm, hold out, hold fast, get tough , take one's stand, set one's back against the wall, stand or hold one's ground, keep one's footing, hold one's own, hang in and hang in there and hang tough , dig in,

dig one's heels in; stick to one's

guns,

stick, stick

with

it,

stick fast,

stick to one's colors, adhere to one's

self; the

principles; not listen to the voice of

tions,

the siren; take

5 self-control, self-command, selfpossession, strength of character, self-mastery, self-government, selfdomination, self-restraint, selfconquest, self-discipline, self-denial; control, restraint, constraint, discipline; composure, possesion, aplomb; independence 430.5

6 self-assertion, self-assertiveness, forwardness, nerve and pushiness , importunateness, importunacy; self-expression, selfexpressiveness

VERBS will,

7 resolve, determine, decide, purpose, make up one's

what comes, stand

the gaff; put one's foot

down

,

stand no nonsense

10 not hesitate, think nothing little of,

of, think

make no bones about

, stick at nothing, stop ing; not look back;

at

hog , carry through, face go the whole nine yards

ADJS

noth-

go the whole out;

11 resolute, resolved, deter-

mined, bound and bound and determined , decided, decisive, purposeful; definite; earnest, serious, sincere; devoted, dedicated,

committed, wholehearted; singleminded, relentless, persistent, tenacious, persevering; obstinate 361.8

359.12-360.8

308

12 firm, staunch, standup , fixed, settled, steady, steadfast, constant,

set

or sot ,

flinty, steely;

un-

VERBS

2 persevere, persist, carry on, go on, keep on, keep up, keep

keep at it, keep going, keep drivkeep trying, try and try again, keep the ball rolling, keep the pot boiling, keep up the good work; not at,

shaken, not to be shaken, unflap-

ing,

pable ; undeflectable,

unswerving, not to be deflected; immovable, unbending, inflexible, unyielding 361.9; true, committed, loyal 644.20

•»

13 unhesitating, unhesitant, unfaltering, unflinching, unshrinking; stick-

at-nothing

14 plucky, spunky and feisty and gutty or gutsy , gritty, mettlesome, dauntless, game, game to the last or end; courageous 492.16 15 strong-willed, strong-minded, firm-minded; self-controlled, controlled, self-disciplined, self-

take "no" for an answer; not accept

compromise or defeat; endure,

restrained; self-possessed;

ship, not strike one's colors;

self-assertive, self-asserting, for-

up

ward, pushy , importunate;

it

independent 16 determined upon, resolved upon, self-expressive;

decided upon, intent upon, fixed upon, settled upon, set on, dead set on , sot on , bent on, hellbent on ; obsessed

PERSEVERANCE NOUNS 1 perseverance, persistence

360

or persistency, insistence or insistency, singleness of purpose; resolution 359; steadfastness, steadiness, stability

855; constancy,

nence 853.1;

perma-

loyalty, fidelity 644.7;

single-mindedness, concentration, undivided or unswerving attention, engrossment, preoccupation 983.3; endurance, stick-to-itiveness , staying power, bitter-endism, pertinacity, pertinaciousness, tenacity,

tenaciousness, doggedness, unremittingness, relentlessness,

dogged

per-

last,

continue 827.6 3 keep doggedly at, plod, drudge, slog or slog away, soldier on, put one foot in front of the other, peg away or at or on; plug, plug at, plug away or along; pound or hammer away; keep one's nose to the grindstone 4 stay with it, hold on, hold fast, hang on, hang on like a bulldog or leech, stick to one's guns; not give up, never say die, not give up the fighting,

come up

come

for more; stay

out, stick out, hold out; hold up,

bear up, stand up;

last out,

with

it,

live

through

it;

live

stay the dis-

tance or the course; sit tight, be unmoved or unmoveable; brazen it out 5 prosecute to a conclusion, go through with it, carry through, follow through, see it through, see it out, follow out or up; go through with it, go to the bitter end, go the distance, go all the way, go to any length, go to any lengths; leave no stone unturned, leave no avenue unexplored, overlook nothing, exhaust every move; move heaven and earth, go through fire and water

6 die trying, die in harness, die

or die

in the last ditch, die

with one's boots on

in one's boots, die at one's

game, go down with flying col-

post, die in the attempt, die

die hard,

ors 7 stick; go the limit 8 persevering, perseverant, per-

ADJS

endur-

severance, bulldog tenacity,

sistent, persisting, insistent;

unfailing or leechlike grip; plodding,

ing, permanent, constant, lasting;

plugging, slogging; obstinacy, stub-

continuing 853.7; stable, steady, steadfast 855.12; immutable, inal-

bornness 361

.

1

;

diligence, applica-

diligent,

tion, sedulousness, sedulity,

terable; resolute 359.

industry, industriousness, hard work,

assiduous, sedulous, industrious, dogged, plodding, slogging, plugging; pertinacious, tenacious,

assiduousness, assiduity, unflagging efforts; tirelessness, indefatigability, stamina; patience, patience of Job 134.1

1

1 ;

stick- to-itive ; loyal, faithful

644.20; unswerving, unremitting.

361.1-361.9

309 unabating, unintermitting, uninterrupted; single-minded, utterly attentive; rapt,

preoccupied 983.17;

unfaltering, unwavering, unflinching; relentless, unrelenting; obstinate, stubborn 361.8; unrelaxing, unfailing, untiring, unwearying, unflagging, never-tiring, tireless,

ness, feistiness

and orneriness and

cussedness ; sullenness, sulkiness, dourness, stuffiness; irascibility 110.2 4 ungovernability, unmanageability, uncontrollability; indomitability, untamableness, intractability, refractoriness, shrewishness;

unsubmissiveness,

weariless, indefatigable, unwearied,

incorrigibility;

unsleeping; undrooping, unnodding, unwinking, sleepless; undiscour-

repressibility, insuppressibility; un-

unbiddability , indocility;

aged, undaunted, indomitable, unconquerable, invincible, game to the

malleability, unmoldableness;

or to the end, hanging in there; patient, patient as Job 134.9

trancy,

last

ir-

recidivism; recalcitrance or recalci-

contumacy, contumacious-

ness; unruliness, obstreperousness, restiveness, fractiousness, wildness;

OBSTINACY NOUNS 1 obstinacy, obstinateness,

361

pertinacity, restiveness,

stubborn-

ness, willfulness, self-will, hard-

headedness, headstrongness, strongheadness; mind or will of one's own, set or fixed mind, inflexi-

dogged-

ble will; perseverance 360,

ness, determination, tenaciousness, tenacity, bitter-endism;

bullheaded-

defiance 454; resistance 453 5 unpersuadableness, deafness, blindness; closed-mindedness; positiveness, dogmatism 970.6 6 mule and donkey , ass, perverse fool; bullethead, pighead; hardnose , hardhead, hammerhead , hardliner; standpat and standpatter, stickler; intransigent, maverick;

dogmatist, positivist, bigot, fanatic,

ness, pigheadedness, mulishness;

purist;

obduracy, unregenerateness;

ditcher; conservative; stick-in-the-

stiff

neck, stiff-neckedness; sullenness, sulkiness; balkiness; uncooperativeness;

dogmatism, opinionatedness

970.6; overzealousness, fanaticism 926. 1 1 ; intolerance, bigotry 980. 1

bloody-mindedness 2 unyieldingness, unbendingness, stiff

temper, inflexibility, inelastic-

impliability, ungivingness, obduracy, toughness, firmness, stiffness, adamantness, rigorism, rigidity, strait-lacedness or straightity,

lacedness, stuffiness;

hard

line,

hard-bittenness, hard-nosedness

;

fixity; unalterability,

un-

changeability, immutability,

immov-

ability; irreconcilability,

uncompromisingness, intransigence or intransigency; implacabil-

diehard, bitter-ender,

last-

mud

VERBS

7 balk, stickle; hold one's ground, not budge, dig one's heels in, stand pat , not yield an inch, stick to one's guns; hold out; stand firm; take no denial, not take "no" for an answer; take the

bit in

one's teeth; die hard; cut off one's

nose to spite one's face; persevere 360.2; turn a deaf ear ADJS 8 obstinate, stubborn, pertinacious, restive; willful, self-willed, strong-willed, hardheaded, head-

strong, strongheaded, entete ;

dogged, bulldogged, tenacious, perserving; bullheaded, bulletheaded, pigheaded, mulish ,

relentlessness,

stubborn as a mule; set, set in one's ways, case-hardened, stiff-necked;? sullen, sulky; balky, balking; unre-

unrelentingness; sternness, grim-

generate, uncooperative; bigoted, in-

ness, dourness, flintiness, steeliness

tolerant 980.1

ity, inexorability,

3 perversity, perverseness, contrariness,

wrongheadedness, wayward-

ness, forwardness, difficultness,

cross-grainedness, cantankerous-

1,

overzealous, fanatic,

fanatical 926.32; dogmatic, opinion-

ated 970.22 9 unyielding, unbending, inflexible, hard, hard-line, inelastic, impli-

361.10-362.8

310

able, ungiving, firm, stiff, rigid, rig-

ing, wobbling, waffling ,

orous, stuffy; rock-ribbed, rock-

shilly-shally, shilly-shallying,

adamant, adamantine; unmoved, unaffected; immovable, not to be moved; unal-

ing hot and cold; equivocation

hard, rocklike;

terable, unchangeable, immutable;

uncompromising,

intransigent,

ir-

344.4; second thoughts; back-

.

i

pedaling, reversal, about-face

3 hesitation, hesitance, hesitancy, hesitating, holding back, dragging

reconcilable, hard-shell and hardcore ; implacable, inexorable,

one's feet;

relentless, unrelenting; stern, grim,

tentativeness, caution, cautiousness

dour; iron, cast-iron,

flinty, steely

10 obdurate, tough, hard, hard-set, hard-mouthed, hard-bitten, hardnosed and hard-boiled 11 perverse, contrary, wrongheaded, wayward, froward, difficult, crossgrained, cantankerous, feisty, ornery ; sullen, sulky, stuffy; irascible 110.19 12 ungovernable, unmanageable, uncontrollable, indomitable, untamable, intractable, refractory;

shrewish; incorrigible, unrecon-

structed; unsubmissive, unbiddable , indocile; irrepressible, insuppressible; unmalleable, un-

moldable; recidivist, recidivistic; recalcitrant, contumacious;

obstreperous, unruly, restive, wild, fractious,

breachy ; beyond

control, out of hand; resistant, re-

sisting 453.5; defiant 454.7; irasci-

falter, faltering, shilly-

shally, shilly-shallying; diffidence,

4 weak will, weak-mindedness; weakness, feebleness, faintness, faintheartedness, frailty, infirmity;

wimpiness or wimpishness , spinelessness, invertebracy; abulia; fear 127; cowardice 491; pliability

1047.2 5 vacillator, shilly-shallyer, shillyshally, waverer, wobbler, butterfly;

mugwump,

fence-sitter, fence-

straddler; equivocator, tergiversator,

prevaricator; ass

between two bun-

dles of hay; yo-yo ;

wimp

, weakling, jellyfish, Milquetoast; quitter; don't know VERBS 6 not know one's own mind, not know where one stands, be of two minds, have two minds, have mixed feelings, be in conflict, be conflicted ; stagger, stumble,

boggle

7 hesitate, pause,

falter,

hang back,

hover; procrastinate; shilly-shally,

ble

13 unpersuadable, deaf, blind; closedminded; positive; dogmatic 970.22

hum and haw, hem and haw; to see

how

the cat

wind blows,

IRRESOLUTION NOUNS 1 irresolution, indecision,

362

unsettlement, unsettledness, irres-

jumps or

stickle, strain at; think

wait

the

scruple, jib, stick

at,

twice about,

stop to consider, ponder, wrinkle

one's brow; debate, deliberate, see

both sides of the question, balance,

oluteness, undeterminedness, inde-

weigh one thing against another,

cisiveness, undecidedness, infirmity

of purpose; mugwumpery, mug-

consider both sides of the question, weigh the pros and cons; be divided,

wumpism,

come down

fence-sitting, fence-

straddling; double-mindedness,

*

blow-

ambivalence, ambitendency; dubiety, dubiousness, uncertainty 97 1 instability, inconstancy, changeableness 854; capriciousness, mercuriality, fickleness 364.3; change of mind, second thoughts, tergiversation 363.1; fence-sitting

2 vacillation, fluctuation, pendulation,

mood

oscillation,

swing, waver-

squarely in the middle,

on or straddle the fence, fall between two stools; yield, back down 433.7; retreat, withdraw 163.6, wimp or chicken or cop out ; sit

pull back, drag one's feet; flinch,

shy away from, shy 903.7. back off ; tear; not face up to, hide one's head in the sand 8 vacillate, waver, waffle , fluctuate, pendulate, oscillate, wobble.

362.9-363.8

311 wobble about, teeter, dither, swing from one thing to another, shillyshally, back and fill, keep off and on, will and will not, keep or leave hanging in midair; blow hot and

traitor,

cold 364.4; equivocate 344.7, fudge and mudge ; change one's

breakaway; desertion 370.2; re-

mind, tergiversate; vary, alternate 854.5; shift, change horses in midstream, change 852.7 ADJS 9 irresolute, irresolved, unresolved; undecided, indecisive, undetermined, unsettled, infirm of purpose; dubious, uncertain 971.15; at loose ends, at a loose end; of two minds, in conflict, double-minded, ambivalent, ambitendent; changeable, mutable 854.6; capricious,

mugwumpian, mugwumpish, fence-

mercurial, fickle 364.6;

sitting,

fence-straddling

10 vacillating, vacillatory, waffling , oscillatory, wobbly, waver-

over, joining or going over to the

opposition, siding with the enemy;

defection; bolt, bolting, secession,

cidivism, recidivation, relapse, backsliding 394.2; faithlessness, disloyalty 645.5 3 recantation, withdrawal, disavowal, denial, reneging, unsaying,

repudiation, palinode, palinody, retraction, retractation; disclaimer, disclamation, disownment, disowning, abjurement, abjuration,

renun-

ciation, renouncement, forswearing; expatriation, self-exile

4 timeserver, temporizer, opportunist, trimmer, weathercock; mugwump; chameleon, Vicar of Bray

5 apostate, turncoat, turnabout, recreant, renegade, renegado, defector, tergiversator, tergiversant;

ing, fluctuating, pendulating, oscil-

deserter, turntail, quisling, fifth

lating, shilly-shallying,

columnist, collaborationist, collaborator, traitor

shilly-shally; inconsistent

11 hesitant, hesitating, pikerish;

falter-

357.10; strikebreaker;

bolter, seceder, secessionist, sepa-

ing; shilly-shallying; diffident, ten-

ratist, schismatic; backslider, re-

tative, timid, cautious; scrupling,

cidivist; reversionist; convert,

jibbing, sticking, straining, stickling

12 weak-willed, weak-minded, weakkneed, weak, wimpy or wimpish , feeble, fainthearted, frail, faint, infirm; spineless, invertebrate; without a will of one's *

turning one's coat, changing

one's stripes, ratting , going

own,

unable to say "no"; abulic; afraid, chicken and chickenhearted and chicken-livered , cowardly 491.10; like putty, pliable 1047.9

CHANGING OF MIND NOUNS 1 reverse, reversal, flip and

363

flip-flop

and U-turn ,

turnabout,

turnaround, about-face, about turn , volte-face , right-aboutface, right-about turn , right-

about, a turn to the right-about; tergiversation, tergiversating;

change of mind; second thoughts, better thoughts, afterthoughts, mature judgment 2 apostasy, recreancy; treason, misprision of treason, betrayal, turning

proselyte

VERBS

6 change one's mind or song or tune or note, sing a different tune, dance to another tune; come round, wheel, do an about-face, reverse oneself, do a flip-flop or Uturn , go over, change sides; swing from one thing to another; think better of it, have second thoughts, be of another mind; bite one's tongue 7 apostatize or apostacize, go over, change sides, switch, switch over, change one's allegiance, defect; turn one's coat, turn cloak; desert or leave a sinking ship; secede, break away, bolt, fall off or away; desert

8 recant, retract, repudiate, withdraw, take back, unswear, renege, welsh , abjure, disavow, dis-

own; deny,

disclaim, unsay, un-

speak; renounce, forswear, eat

one's words, eat one's hat, swallow, eat crow, eat humble pie; back

363.9-365.5

312

down or out, climb down,

crawfish

ADJS

out , backwater, weasel

5 capricious, whimsical, freak-

ish,

9 be a timeserver, trim, temporize, change with the times; sit on or

or fantastical, maggoty, crotchety, kinky, hare• brained, cranky, flaky , quirky; wanton, wayward, vagrant; arbitrary, unreasonable, motiveless; moody, temperamental, prima-

straddle the fence

ADJS

10 timeserving, trimming, temporizing; supple, neither fish nor fowl

11 apostate, recreant, renegade, tergiversating, tergiversant; treasonous, treasonable, traitorous, forsworn; collaborating; faithless, disloyal 645.20 12 repudiative, repudiatory; abjuratory,

humorsome, vagarious; fanci-

ful, notional, fantastic

donnaish; petulant

1

10.22; unre-

strained

6

fickle, flighty, skittish, light; co-

quettish, flirtatious, toying; versatile,

inconstant, erratic, changeable

854.7; vacillating 362.10; volatile,

renunciative, renunciatory; schis-

mercurial, quicksilver; faddish;

matic; separatist, secessionist,

scatterbrained 985.16, unpredictable; impulsive; idiosyncratic; unreliable, undependable 645.19

breakaway ; opportunistic,

mugwumpian, mugwumpish,

fence-

straddling, fence-sitting

IMPULSE NOUNS 1 impulse; natural impulse,

365

CAPRICE NOUNS 1 caprice, whim, humor,

364

whimsy,

freak,

whim-wham;

fancy,

fantasy, conceit, notion, flimflam,

blind impulse, instinct, urge, drive;

vagrant or fleeting impulse; involuntary impulse, reflex,

knee jerk, auto-

fantastic notion, fool notion ,

matic response; gut response or reaction ; notion, fancy; sud-

harebrained idea, brainstorm, vagary,

den thought,

toy, freakish inspiration,

crazy idea,

megrim; fad, craze, passing fancy; quirk, crotchet, crank, kink; maggot, maggot in the brain, bee in one's bonnet , flea in one's nose 2 capriciousness, caprice, whimsicalness, whimsy, whimsicality; humorsomeness, fancifulness, fantasticality,

freakishness; cranki-

ness, crotchetiness, quirkiness;

moodiness, temperamentalness, prima-donnaism; petulance 1 10.6; arbitrariness, motivelessness

3 fickleness, Mightiness,

skittishness,

inconstancy, lightness, levity; flaki-

ness ; volatility, mercurialness, mercuriality, erraticism;

mood

swing; faddishness, faddism; changeableness 854; unpredictability 971.1; uiireliability, undependability 645.4; coquettishness;

frivolousness 922.7; purposelessness, motivelessness

VERBS

4 blow hot and cold, keep off and on, have as many phases as the moon, chop and change, fluctuate 854.5, vacillate 362.8, flip-flop

; act on impulse

flash, inspiration,

brainstorm, brain wave, quick hunch

2 impulsiveness, impetuousness, impulsivity, impetuousity; hastiness,

overhastiness, haste, quickness, sud-

denness; precipitateness, precipitance, precipitancy, precipitation; hair-trigger; recklessness,

rashness

493; impatience 135 3 thoughtlessness, unthoughtfulness, heedlessness 984.1, carelessness, inconsideration, inconsiderateness;

negligence 102.2, caprice 364 4 unpremeditation, indeliberation, undeliberateness, uncalculatedness, undesignedness, spontaneity, spontaneousness, unstudiedness; involuntariness 963.5; snap judgment or decision; snap shot, offhand shot 5 improvisation, extemporization, improvision, improvising, extempore,

impromptu, ad-lib, adand playing by ear , ad

libbing

hoc measure or

solution, adhocracy

, ad hockery or hocery or hocism ; extemporaneousness, extemporariness; temporary mea-

365.6-366.5

313 sure or arrangement, pro tempore measure or arrangement, stopgap,

step, lockstep; gut

makeshift, jury-rig; cannibalization; bricolage;

jam

snap, casual, offhand,

ing on one's feet

let slip out, say what comes uppermost, say the first thing that comes into one's head or to

out with,

one's mind; be unable to help one-

ill-

devised; act-first-and-think-later

12 extemporaneous, extemporary, extempore, impromptu, unrehearsed, improvised, improvisatory, improvisatorial, improviso; ad-lib, ad libitum ; ad-hoc, stopgap, makeshift, jury-rigged; offhand, off the top of one's head and off-thecuff , spur-of-the-moment, quick and dirty ; catch-ascatch-can; potluck

LEAP NOUNS 1 leap, jump, hop, spring,

366

self

8 improvise, extemporize, improvisate, improv and tapdance and talk off the top of one's head , speak off the cuff, think on one's feet, invent, make it up as one goes along, play it by ear , throw away or depart from the prepared text, throw away the speech, scrap the plan, ad-lib , do offhand, wing it , vamp, fake , play by ear ; dash off, strike off, knock off, throw off, toss off or out; make up, whip up, cook up, run up, rustle up or whomp up , slap up or together and throw together , lash up , cobble up; jury-rig; rise to the occasion; canni-

balize

ADJS 9

throwaway

; ill-considered, ill-advised,

session; think-

6 improviser, improvisator, extern porizer, ad-libber ; cannibalizer; bricoleur; creature of impulse VERBS 7 act on the spur of the moment, obey one's impulse, let oneself go; shoot from the hip , be too quick on the trigger or the uptake or the draw; blurt out, come

, uncon-

scious; unconsidered, unadvised,

impulsive, impetuous, hasty,

overhasty, quick, sudden, snap;

quick on the draw or trigger or uptake, hair-trigger; precipitate, headlong; reckless, rash 493.7; impatient 135.6

10 unthinking, unreasoning, unreflecting, uncalculating, unthoughtful, thoughtless, inadvertent, reasonless, heedless, careless, in-

considerate; unguarded; arbitrary,

capricious 364.5 11 unpremeditated, unmeditated, uncalculated, undeliberated, sponta-

neous, undesigned, unstudied; unintentional, unintended, inadver-

skip,

bound, bounce; pounce; up-

leap, upspring, jump-off; hurdle;

vault, pole vault; demivolt, curvet, capriole; jete, grand jete, tour jete,

saut de basque; jig, galliard, lavolta,

Highland fling, morris; standing or running or flying jump; long jump, broad jump, standing or running broad jump; high jump, standing or running high jump; leapfrog; jump shot; handspring; buck, buckjump; ski jump, jump turn, gelandesprung, gelande jump; steeplechase; hippety-hop ; jump-hop; hop,

skip, and jump 2 caper, dido , gambol, frisk, curvet, cavort, capriole; prance, caracole; gambado; falcade 3 leaping, jumping, bouncing, bounding,

hopping, capering, cavorting,

prancing, skipping, springing, saltation; vaulting, pole vaulting;

hurdling, the hurdles, hurdle race, timber topping , steeplechase; leapfrogging

4 jumper,

leaper, hopper; broad jumper, high jumper; vaulter, pole vaulter; hurdler, hurdle racer, timber topper ; jumping jack; bucking bronco, buckjumper, sunfisher ; jumping bean; kanga-

roo, gazelle, stag, jackrabbit, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea;

salmon

VERBS

erate; involuntary, reflex, reflexive,

5 leap, jump, vault, spring, skip, hop, bound, bounce; upleap,

knee-jerk , automatic, goose-

upspring, updive; leap over,

tent,

unwilled, indeliberate, undelib-

jump

366.6-368.3

314

over, etc.; overleap, overjump, overskip, leapfrog; hurdle, clear, negotiate; curvet, capriole;

buckjump;

buck,

jump; steeplechase; start, start up, start aside; pounce, pounce on or upon; hippety-hop

ski

6 caper, cut capers, cut a dido , curvet, cavort, capriole, gambol, gambado, frisk, flounce, trip, skip,

jump about; romp, ramp ; prance; caracole ADJS 7 leaping, jumping, springing, bob, bounce,

hopping, skipping, prancing, bouncing, bounding; saltant, saltatory, saltatorial

367 PLUNGE NOUNS 1 plunge, dive, pitch, drop,

VERBS

6 plunge, dive, pitch, plummet, drop, fall; skydive; bungee jump; free-fall; plump, plunk, plop; swoop, swoop down, stoop, pounce, pounce on or upon; nose-dive, make or take a nosedive; parachute, skydive; skin-dive; sound; take a header

7 submerge, submerse, immerse, immerge, merge, sink, bury, engulf, inundate, deluge, drown, overwhelm, whelm; dip, duck, dunk , douse, souse, plunge in water; baptize

8 sink, scuttle, send to the bottom, send to Davy Jones's locker; founder, go down, go to the bottom, sink like lead,

header ; swoop, pounce, stoop; swan dive, gainer,

fail; freefall;

and and belly whopper ; nosedive, power dive; para-

jackknife, cannonball; belly flop belly buster

chute jump, sky dive; bungee jump; crash dive, stationary dive, running dive

2 submergence, submersion, immersion, immergence, engulfment, inundation, burial; dipping, ducking, dousing, sousing, dunking , sinking; dip, duck, souse; baptism 3 diving, plunging; skydiving; bungee jumping; fancy diving, high diving; scuba diving, snorkeling, skin diving, pearl diving, deep-sea diving 4 diver, plunger; high diver; bungee jumper; parachute jumper, jumper, sky diver, sport jumper, paratrooper, smoke jumper, paramedic; skin diver, snorkel diver, scuba diver, free diver, pearl diver, deep-sea

frogman

diver,

5 diving bell, diving chamber, bathysphere, bathyscaphe, benthoscope, aquascope; submarine 180.9; diving boat; scuba or self-contained underwater breathing apparatus,

Aqua-Lung ;

Scuba; diving goggles, diving mask,

swim

fins;

diving

wet

suit;

suit; air cylinder;

diving helmet, diving

hood; snorkel, periscope

go down

like a stone; get

out of one's depth

ADJS 9

submersible, submergible,

immersible, sinkable

AVOIDANCE NOUNS 1 avoidance, shunning; 368

for-

bearance, refraining; hands-off policy, nonintervention, noninvolvement, neutrality; evasion, elusion; side-stepping, getting around , working around, circumvention; prevention, forestalling, fore-

stallment; escape 369; evasive action, the

jink

runaround ; zigzag, slip, dodge,

and juke ,

duck, side step, shy; shunting

off,

sidetracking; bypassing; evasiveness, elusiveness; equivocation

344.4, waffle , fudging, fudge

and mudge ; avoiding reaction, defense mechanism or reaction; safe distance, wide berth; cold shoulder, snub; abstinence; shyness 2 shirking, slacking, goldbricking

, cop-out , soldiering, goofing and goofing off and fucking off ; clock-watching; malin-

gering, skulking ; passivity; dodging, ducking; welshing ; truancy; tax evasion, tax dodging

3 shirker,

shirk, slacker, goof-off

, soldier or old soldier, goldbricker, goldbrick ; clock watcher; welsher ; malingerer, skulker or skulk ; dodger or evader

truant: tax

368.4-368.16

315 4

flight, fugitation, exit,

quick

making oneself scarce and

exit,

getting

the hell out , bolt, scarpering

, disappearing act , hasty retreat; running away, de-

campment, bugging out ; skedaddle and skedaddling and scramming and absquatulation ; elopement; disappearance 34; French leave, absence without leave or AWOL; desertion 370.2; hegira; truancy, hooky or hookey 5 fugitive, fleer, person on the run, runaway, runagate, bolter, skedaddler ; absconder, eloper; refugee, evacuee, boat person, emigre ; displaced person or DP, stateless person; escapee 369.5; illegal immigrant, wetback , daycrosser; draft dodger; truant, absentee; desserter

VERBS

6 avoid, shun, fight shy of, shy away from, keep from, keep away from, circumvent, keep clear of, avoid like the plague, steer clear of , give a miss to , skate around , keep or get out of the way of, give a wide berth, keep remote from, stay detached from;

make way

for,

give place to; keep

one's distance, keep at a respectful distance, keep or stand or hold aloof; give the cold shoulder to , have nothing to do with, have

no association with, not give the time of day, have no truck with ; not meddle with, let alone, let well enough alone, keep hands off, not touch, not touch with a ten-foot pole,

back

off; turn

away from,

turn

one's back upon, slam the door in one's face

7 evade, elude, beg, get out fle

out of,

skirt,

get

of, shuf-

around ,

circumvent; take evasive action; give one the runaround; ditch and shake and shake off , get away from, give the runaround or the slip ; throw off the scent; play at hide and seek; lead one a chase or

merry chase, lead one a dance or pretty dance; escape 369.6-8

8 dodge, duck; take evasive action, juke and jink , zigzag; throw off the track or trail; shy, shy off or

away; swerve, sheer off; pull away or clear; pull back, shrink, recoil 903.6,7; sidestep, step aside; parry,

ward off; have an out or escape hatch; shift, shift or put off; hedge, pussyfoot , be or sit on the fence, beat around or about the bush, hem and haw, beg the question, tapdance , dance around, equivocate 344.7, fudge and mudge

9 shirk, slack, lie or rest upon one's fence,

oars, not pull lie

soldier,

duck

it

not pull one's

fair,

down on

weight;

the job ; goof off and dog

duty,

, goldbrick ; malinger,

skulk ; get out of, sneak or slip

out of, slide out of, pass the

buck, cop out , dodge, duck;

welsh 10 flee, fly, take flight, take to flight, take wing, fugitate, run, cut and run , make a precipitate departure, run off or away, run away from, bug out , decamp, pull up stakes, take to one's heels,

make

off,

depart 188.6, do the

dis-

appearing act, make a quick exit, beat a retreat or a hasty retreat, turn tail, show the heels, show a clean or light pair of heels; run for it, bolt, run for one's life; make a run for it; advance to the rear, make a strategic withdrawal; take French leave, go AWOL, slip the cable; desert; abscond, levant , elope, run away with; skip or jump hail; play hooky or

hookey 11 beat it, blow, scram, take it on the lam, split, skip, clear out 12 slip away, steal away, sneak off, shuffle off, slink off, slide off, slither off, skulk

away,

and duck out , 13 not face up

mooch

slip out

to, hide one's

the sand, not

come

off, procrastinate,

off

of

head

in

to grips with, put

temporize, waffle

ADJS 14 avoidable, escapable,

eludi-

ble; evadable; preventable

15 evasive, elusive, elusory; shifty, slippery, slippery as ah eel; cagey ; shirking, malingering 16 fugitive, runaway, in flight, on the

369.1-370.4

316

lam , hot ; disappearing 34.3

ESCAPE NOUNS 1 escape; 369

getaway and break and breakout ; deliverance; delivery, riddance, release, setting free, freeing,

freedom, liberation,

extrication, rescue; emergence,

is-

suance, issue, outlet, vent; leakage, leak; jailbreak, prisonbreak, break,

breakout; evasion 368.1; flight 368.4; retreat; French leave; hooky; elopement; escapology; escapism 2 narrow escape, hairbreadth escape, close call or shave , near miss, near go or thing , near or narrow squeak , close or tight squeeze , squeaker 3 bolt-hole, escape hatch, fire escape, life net, lifeboat, life raft, life

away with murder , get off cheap; cop a plea and cop out , get off on a technicality 8 scrape or squeak through, squeak by, escape with or by the skin of one's teeth, have a close call or close shave 9 slip away, give one the slip, slip through one's hands or fingers; slip or sneak through; slip out of, slide out of, crawl or creep out of, sneak out of, wiggle or squirm or shuffle or wriggle or worm out of, find a loophole, elude 10 find vent, issue exit,

emerge,

forth,

come

forth,

issue, debouch, erupt,

break out, break through, come out, run out, leak out, ooze out 11 escaped, loose, on the loose, disengaged, out of, well out of; fled, flown; fugitive, runaway; free as a

ADJS

buoy,

bird, scot-free, at large, free

lifeline, sally port, slide, inflatable

or ejector seat, emerescapeway, back door,

slide, ejection

gency

exit,

370

ABANDONMENT

NOUNS

trapdoor, escape hatch, secret pas-

sage 4 loophole,

abandonment, forsaking,

1

leaving; jettison, jettisoning, throw-

way out, way of escape, hole to creep out of, escape hatch,

ing overboard or

escape clause, saving clause, techni-

evacuation, pulling out, absentation;

cality; pretext

376; alternative,

choice 371 5 escapee, escaper, evader; escape artist; escapologist; runaway, fugi-

Houdini 6 escape, make or effect one's

tive 368.5; escapist,

VERBS

make good one's escape; get away, make a getaway ; free escape,

oneself, deliver oneself, gain one's liberty,

out

of, get well out

break loose, cut loose, break away, break one's bonds or chains,

of;

slip the collar,

shake off the yoke; ; break jail or

jump and skip

prison, escape prison,

fly the

coop

; leap over the wall; evade 368.7; flee 368.10; vamoose, take

cessation 857; disuse, desuetude 2 desertion, defection, ratting ; dereliction; secession, bolt, break-

away, walkout; betrayal 645.8; schism, apostasy 363.2; deserter 363.5 3 relinquishment, surrender, resignation, renounce-

ment, renunciation, abdication, handing over, standing or stepping down, yielding, forswearing; withdrawing, dropping out ing, cession,

4 derelict,

castoff; jetsam, flotsam, la-

and jetsam; waifs and rubbish, junk, trash, refuse, waste, waste product, solid waste; liquid waste, wastewater; dump, dumpsite, garbage dump, landfill, sanitary landfill, junkheap, junkpile, scrap heap, midden; abandonee, waif, throwaway, orphan, dogie gan, flotsam strays;

it

on the lam 7 get off, go free, win freedom, go at liberty, go scot free, escape with a whole skin, escape without penalty, walk and beat the rap ; get away with , get by, get by with, get off easy or lightly, get

away or aside, away or aside; withdrawal,

waiver, abjurement, abjuration, ced-

get free, get clear of, bail

out, get out, get

casting

; castaway; foundling; wastrel. discard 390.3

reject, deselect,

370.5-371.13

317

VERBS

5 abandon, desert, forsake;

choice, only choice, zero option;

quit, leave, leave behind, take leave of,

limited choice, positive discrimination , affirmative action;

depart from, absent oneself from,

turn one's back upon, turn one's

tail

upon, say good-bye to, bid a long farewell to, walk away, walk or run out on , leave flat and leave high and dry or holding the bag or in the lurch , leave one to one's fate, throw to the wolves ; withdraw, back out, drop out , pull out, stand down ; go back on, go back on one's word; cry off , beg off, renege; vacate, evacuate; quit cold and leave flat , toss aside; jilt, throw over ; maroon; jettison; junk, deepsix , discard 390.7; let fall into disuse or desuetude 6 defect, secede, bolt, break away; pull out , withdraw one's support; sell out and sell down the river , betray 645.14; turn one's

two evils 4 adoption, embracement, acceplesser of

tance, espousal; affiliation

5 preference, predilection, proclivity, bent, affinity, prepossession, predisposition, partiality, inclination, leaning,

penchant, bias, tendency,

dice; personal choice, druthers

; chosen kind or sort, style, one's cup of tea , type, bag and thing ; way of life, lifestyle 6 vote, voting, suffrage, franchise, enfranchisement, voting right, right to vote; voice, say; representation; poll, polling, canvass, canvassing,

division , counting heads or

noses or hands, exit poll; ballot, balloting, secret ballot, absentee ballot; ballot box, voting

back on; apostatize

machine;

plebiscite, plebiscitum, referen-

dum;

7 give up, relinquish, surrender, yield, yield up, waive, forgo, resign, renounce, throw up, abdicate, abjure, forswear, give up on, have

yeas and nays, yea, aye, yes,

nay, no; voice vote, viva voce vote; rising vote;

hand

vote,

show of

hands; absentee vote, proxy; casting

done with, give up as a bad job, cede, hand over, lay down, wash

vote, deciding vote; write-in vote, write-in; faggot vote ; graveyard vote; single vote, plural

one's hands of, write off, drop, drop all

tilt,

taste, favoritism; favor, fancy; preju-

idea of, drop like a hot potato;

vote; transferable vote, nontransfer-

able vote; direct vote; Hare system,

cease 857.6, desist from, leave off, give over; hold or stay one's hand,

list

cry quits, acknowledge defeat,

erential voting, proportional repre-

throw in the towel or sponge 433.8 8 abandoned, forsaken, de-

record vote, snap vote

sentation;

ADJS

serted,

left;

disused; derelict, cast-

system, cumulative voting, pref-

straw vote or

7 selector, chooser, optant,

away, jettisoned; marooned; junk, junked, discarded 390. 1

poll;

elector,

balloter, voter; electorate; electoral

college

8 nomination, designation, naming,

CHOICE NOUNS 1 choice, selection, election,

371

preference, decision, pick, choosing, free choice; alternativity; co-

option, co-optation; will, volition, free will 430.6,7; preoption,

proposal

9 election, appointment; political election; caucus; primary 10 selectivity, selectiveness, picking and choosing; choosiness 495.1; eclecticism; discretion, discrimination 943

first

choice; the pick 999.8 2 option, discretion, pleasure, will and pleasure; optionality; possible choice, alternative, alternate choice

3 dilemma, Scylla and Charybdis, the devil and the deep blue sea; choice of Hercules; Hobson's choice, no

11 eligibility, qualification, fitness,

fit-

tedness, suitability, acceptability,

worthiness, desirability; eligible

12

elect, elite, the chosen, the

creme de

VERBS

la

cream,

creme

13 choose, elect, pick, go with , opt, opt for, co-opt, make or

371.14-372.2

318

take one's choice,

make choice

of,

have one's druthers , use or take up or exercise one's option, ex-

shop around

ercise one's discretion;

, pick and choose

24

eligible, qualified,

out, smile on, give the at,

better, preferred, to

more

nod ,

at 26 chosen, selected, picked;

with; cherry-pick, separate the wheat

poused, approved,

ratify, pass, carry,

ratified,

passed,

endorse, sign off on ; take up, go in for ; accept, take up on

unanimously elected, elected by acclamation; appointed; nominated, designated,

, embrace, espouse;

named

one's

mind

17 prefer, have preference, favor, like better or best, prefer to, set before or above, regard or honor before; rather , had or have rather, would rather, choose rather, had sooner, had or would as soon; think proper, see or think fit, think best, please; tilt or incline or lean or tend toward, have a bias or partiality or penchant 18 vote, cast one's vote, ballot, cast a ballot; go to the polls; have a say or a voice; hold up one's hand, exercise one's suffrage or franchise, stand up and be counted; plump or

plump

for ; divide ;

poll, canvass

19 nominate, name, designate; put up, propose, submit,

name

for office;

run, run for office

20 elect, vote in, place in office; appoint 21 put to choice, offer, present, set before; put to vote, have a show of hands ADJS 22 elective; volitional, voluntary, volitive;

optional, discretional;

alternative, disjunctive selective, selecting, choosing; eclectic

or eclectical; elective, electoral;

appointing, appointive, constituent; adoptive; exclusive, discriminating

944.7; choosy , particular

495.9

carried; elected,

affiliate

16 decide upon, determine upon, settle upon, fix upon, resolve upon; make or take a decision, make up

23

select,

elect; handpicked, singled-out; adopted, accepted, embraced, es-

from the chaff or tares, separate the sheep from the goats 15 adopt; approve,

be preferred,

desirable, favored; hand-

picked; preferential, preferring, favoring; not to be sniffed or sneezed

seize on; extract, excerpt;

decide between, choose up sides , cull, glean, winnow, sift; side

suit-

with voice, with vote, with voice and vote, enfranchised 25 preferable, of choice or preference,

14 select, make a selection; pick, handpick, pick out, single out, choose

jump

fit, fitted,

able, acceptable, admissible, worthy, desirable;

REJECTION NOUNS 1 rejection, repudiation;

372

ab-

jurement, abjuration, renouncement 370.3; disownment, disavowal, disclamation, recantation 363.3; exclusion, exception 773.1;

disapproval, nonacceptance, nonapproval, declining, declination, veto, refusal 442; contradiction, de-

nial 335.2; passing

by or up ,

ignoring, nonconsideration, dis-

counting, dismissal, disregard 984. 1

throwing out or away, putting out or away, chucking and chucking out , heave-ho; discard 390.3; turning out or away, repulse, a flea in one's ear, rebuff 908.2; spurning, kiss-off and brush-off , cold shoulder, despising, despisal, contempt 157; scorn, disdain; bum's rush

VERBS

2 reject, repudiate, abjure,

forswear, renounce 370.7, disown,

disclaim, recant; vote out; except,

exclude 773.4, deselect, include out , close out, close the door on, leave out in the cold, cut out, blackball, blacklist;

disapprove, decline,

refuse 442.3; contradict, deny 335.4; pass by or up , waive, ignore, not hear of, wave aside, brush away or aside, refuse to consider, discount, dismiss, dismiss out of hand; disregard 984.2; throw out or away, chuck and chuck out .

372.3-373.11

319 discard 390.7; turn out or away, shove away, push aside, repulse, repel, slap or smack down , rebuff 908.2, send away with a flea in one's ear, show the door, send about one's business, send packing; turn one's back on; spurn, disdain, scorn, contemn, make a face at, turn up one's nose at, look down one's nose at, raise one's eyebrows at, de-

wont, way, practice, praxis;

habit; stereotype; pattern, habit

pattern; stereotyped behavior; force of habit; creature of habit; knee-jerk reaction , automatism 963.5; peculiarity, characteristic

865.4

4 rule, norm, procedure,

common

way things are done, form, prescribed or set form; compractice, the

mon

spise 157.3

ADJS

3 rejected, repudiated; renounced, forsworn, disowned; denied, refused; excluded, excepted;

disapproved, declined; ignored, blanked, discounted, not considered,

dismissed, dismissed out of hand;

discarded; repulsed, rebuffed; spurned, snubbed, disdained, scorned, contemned, despised; out of the question, not to be thought of, declined with thanks; discarded

4

trick,

bad

rejective; renunciative, abjuratory;

declinatory; dismissive; contemptuous, despising, scornful, disdainful

or ordinary run of things, matof course, par for the course ; standard operating procedure or SOP, standard procedure, drill; ter

standing orders

5 routine, run, ritual, round, beat, track, beaten path or track; pattern, custom; jog trot, rut, groove, wellworn groove ; treadmill, squirrel -

cage; the working day, nine-to-five, the grind or the daily grind ;

red tape, red-tapeism, bureaucracy, bureaucratism, chinoiseries

6 customariness, accustomedness, wontedness, habitualness; inveteracy, inveterateness, confirmedness,

CUSTOM, HABIT NOUNS 1 custom, convention, use,

373

usage, standard usage, standard behavior, wont, wonting,

way, estab-

lished way, time-honored practice,

tradition, standing custom, folk-

way, manner, practice, praxis, prescription, observance, ritual, rite, consuetude, mores; institution; unwritten law; proper thing, what is done, social convention 579; bon ton, fashion 578; manners, protocol,

way of life, conformity 867; general-

etiquette 580.3; lifestyle;

ization 864.1, labeling, stereotyping

2 culture, society, civilization; trait, culture trait; key trait; complex, culture complex, trait-complex; culture area; culture center;

shame

culture,

memory

culture; folkways, mores, system of values, ethos, culture pattern; cultural change; cultural

lag; culture conflict; acculturation,

settledness, fixedness;

7 habituation, accustoming; conditioning, seasoning, training; familiarization, breaking-in

, orientation, adaptation; domestication, taming, breaking, housebreaking; acclimation, acclimatization; inurement, hardening, case hardening, seasoning;

adaption, adjustment,

8 addiction 87.1; addict 87.21 9 accustom, habituate, wont;

VERBS

condition, season, train; familiarize, break in , orient, orientate; domesticate, domesticize, tame, break, gentle, housebreak; put through the mill; acclimatize, acclimate; inure, harden, case harden; adapt, adjust, accommodate; con-

firm, fix, establish 855.9; acculturate, enculturate

10 become a habit, take

grow on one,

fixed,

, cultural

one, take one over

ancient wis-

dom 3 habit, habitude, custom, second nature, matter of course; use, usage,

accommoda-

tion 867.1

enculturation; culture contact drift;

commonness,

prevalence 864.2

root,

become

take hold of

11 be used to, be wont, wont, make a practice of; get used to, get into the

way

of, get the

knack

of, get the

373.12-375.3

320

hang of , take oneself

to,

make

to,

accustom

a practice of; catch

oneself doing; contract or

fall into

a

UNACCUSTOMEDNESS NOUNS 1 unaccustomedness, new-

374

ness, unwontedness, disaccustomed-

habit, addict oneself to

12 get in a rut, be in a rut, move or travel in a groove or rut, run on in a groove, follow the beaten path or

ness, unusedness, unhabituatedness;

shakiness ; unfamiliarity, unacquaintance, unconversance, unpracticedness, newness to;

track

ADJS

13 customary, wonted, con-

honored, immemorial; familiar, everyday, ordinary, usual; estab-

handed

lished, received, accepted,

down, time-honored;

set,

pre-

scribed, prescriptive; normative,

normal; standard,

inexperience 414.2; ignorance 930

VERBS

suetudinary; traditional, time-

regular, stock,

drop, stop, discontinue, kick

shake , throw of; get

off, rid

and

oneself

on the wagon, swear off

668.8

ADJS 4 unaccustomed, new, disaccustomed, unused, unwonted; uninured, unseasoned, untrained, unhardened; shaky , tyronic; unhabituated, not in the habit of; out of the habit of, rusty; unweaned; unused to, unfamiliar with, not used to, unacquainted with, uncon-

stant, persistent; repetitive, recur-

ring, recurrent; stereotyped;

knee-jerk , goose-step, lockstep, automatic 963.14; routine,

usual, nine-to-five, workaday, well-

trodden, well-worn, beaten;

wean

3 break the habit, cure oneself of, disaccustom oneself, kick a habit , wean oneself from, break the pattern, break one's chains or fetters; give up, leave off, abandon,

regulation; prevalent, prevailing,

widespread, obtaining, generally accepted, popular, current 864.12; conventional 579.5, orthodox; conformist, conformable 867.5 14 habitual, regular, frequent, con-

2 disaccustom, cure, break

off, stop,

trite,

hackneyed 117.9; predictable 15 accustomed, wont, wonted, used

versant with, unpracticed,

new

to,

a

stranger to; cub, greenhorn; inexpe-

rienced 414. 17; ignorant 930. 1

to; conditioned, trained, seasoned;

experienced, familiarized, brokenin,

run-in , oriented, orientated;

acclimated, acclimatized; inured,

hardened, case-hardened; adapted, adjusted, accommodated; housebroken, potty-trained 16 used to, familiar with, conversant with, at home in or with, no stranger to, an old hand

at,

aufait

17 habituated, habitue ; in the habit of, used to; never free from; in a rut 18 confirmed, inveterate, chronic, established, long-established, fixed, settled, rooted, thorough; incorrigible, irreversible;

deep-rooted, deep-

1

motive, reason, cause,

source, spring, mainspring; matter, score, consideration;

ground, basis

886.1; sake; aim, goal 380.2, end,

end

in view, telos, final cause; ideal,

principle,

ambition, aspiration, or star,

in-

'deep-fixed, deep-dyed; infixed, infast,

dyed-in-the-wool, in-

instilled; set, set in

one's ways,

intention 380; ulterior motive, hidrationale, justification,

driving force

2 motivation, moving, actuation, prompting, stimulation, animation, triggering, setting-off, setting in

mo-

under way; direction,

inner-direction, other-direction; in-

fluence 894; hot button; carrot

3 inducement, enlistment, engage-

veterate; implanted, inculcated,

tled in habit; addicted, given

lodestar; impetus; calling, vocation;

den agenda;

tion, getting

deep-settled, deep-seated,

grained,

MOTIVATION, INDUCEMENT

NOUNS

spiration, guiding light

set,

375

set-

ment, solicitation, persuasion, suasion; exhortation, hortation.

375.4-375.17

321 preaching, preachment; selling, sales talk,

salesmanship, hard

sell,

high

pressure, hawking, huckstering, flog-

ging ; jawboning and armtwisting ; lobbying; coaxing, wheedling, working on , cajolery, cajolement, conning, snow job and smoke and mirrors , nob-

bling , blandishment, sweet talk

and

soap , soft

soft

sell

; allurement 377 4 incitement, incitation, instigation, stimulation, arousal, excitement,

; encourager, abettor, inspirer, firer, spark, sparker, spark plug ; persuader, salesperson, brainwasher, spin doctor ; stimulator, gadfly;

tempter 377.4; coaxer,

coax , wheedler,

cajoler,

pleader

11 instigator, inciter, exciter, urger, motivator; provoker, provocateur or agent provocateur , catalyst; agitator, fomenter, inflamer; agitprop; rabble-rouser, rouser, demagogue; firebrand, incendiary;

agitation, inflammation, excita-

seditionist, seditionary; lobbyist,

tion, fomentation, firing, stirring,

activist;

stirring-up, impassioning, whipping-up, rabble-rousing; waving the bloody shirt, rallying cry; provocation, irritation, exasperation; pep talk, pep rally 5 urging, pressure, pressing, pushing, entreaty, plea, advocacy; encour-

agement, abetment; insistence, instance; goading, prodding, goosing , spurring, pricking, needling

6 urge, urgency; impulse, impulsion, compulsion; press, pressure, drive, push; sudden or rash impulse; constraint, exigency, stress, pinch 7 incentive, inducement, encourage-

ment, persuasive, invitation, provocation, incitement; stimulus, stimulation, stimulative,

fillip,

whet; carrot; reward, payment 624; profit 472.3; bait, lure 377.3; palm oil , greased palm , bribe 378.2; sweetening and sweetener , flattery, interest, percentage, what's in it for one ; offer one cannot refuse; payola , pork barrel ; perk 8 goad, spur, prod, sting, gadfly; oxgoad; rowel; whip, lash, gad , crack of the whip

9 inspiration, infusion, firing, spark,

infection; fire,

sparking; animation,

exhilaration, enlivenment; afflatus, divine afflatus; genius, animus,

moving or animating spirit; muse; the Muses 10 prompter, mover, prime mover, motivator, impeller, energizer, gal-

animamover and shaker

vanizer, inducer, actuator, tor,

moving

spirit,

troublemaker, mischief-

maker, ringleader; tactician, strategist; pressure group, special-interest group VERBS 12 motivate, move, set in motion, actuate, move to action, impel, propel; stimulate, energize, galvanize,

animate, spark; promote, fos-

ter; force,

compel 424.4;

ego-involve

13 prompt, provoke, evoke, elicit, call up, summon up, muster up, call forth, inspire; bring about, cause 14 urge, press, push, work on , twist one's arm ; sell, flog ; insist, push for, not take no for an answer, importune, nag, pressure, high-pressure, browbeat, bring pressure to bear upon, throw one's weight around, throw one's weight into the scale, jawbone and build a fire under , talk round or around; grind in; lobby, pitch ; hype ; coax, wheedle, cajole, blandish, plead with, sweettalk and soft-soap , exhort, call on or upon, advocate, recommend, put in a good word, buck for and hype ; insist, insist upon 15 goad, prod, poke, nudge, prod at, goose , spur, prick, sting, needle; whip, lash; pick at or on, nibble at,

nibble

away

at

16 urge on or along, egg on ,

hound on, hie on, hasten on, hurry on, speed on; goad on, spur on, drive on, whip on or along; cheer on, root on , root from the sidelines ; aid and abet 17 incite, instigate, put up to ;

set

375.18-376.2

322

on, sic on; foment, ferment, agitate,

arouse, excite, stir up, work up, whip up, turn on; rally; inflame, in-

science; be persuaded, rest easy,

come

motivating, motivational, motive, moving, animating, actuating, impelling, driving, impulsive, inducive, directive; urgent, pressing, driving; compelling;

cense, fire, heat, heat up, impassion;

provoke, pique, whet, tickle; nettle; lash into a fury or frenzy; wave the bloody shirt; pour oil on the fire, feed the fire, add fuel to the flame,

blow the

fan, fan the flame, stir the embers 18 kindle, enkindle,

coals,

causal, causative; goal-oriented

26 inspiring, inspirational, enlivening

fire,

waken, awaken, wake up,

turn

27 provocative, provoking, piquant, exciting, challenging, prompting,

rousing, stirring, stimulating, stimulant, stimulative, stimulatory,

on

energizing, electric, galvanizing,

, charge or psych or pump up , stir, stir up, set astir, pique fire, fire

inspirit, spirit, spirit

up;

galvanic; encouraging, inviting, al-

luring; enticing; addictive

28

one's imagination; ani-

mate, exhilarate, enliven; infuse, infect, inject, inoculate, imbue, inform 21 encourage, hearten, embolden, give encouragement, pat or clap on

keep

and

abet, countenance,

tive, instigating; agitative, agita-

in countenance; foster,

wheedling, cajoling; hortative, hortatory; exhortative, exhortatory;

hard-selling

30 moved, motivated, prompted, impelled, actuated; stimulated, ani-

mated; minded, inclined, of a mind to, with half a mind to; inner-

ture, nourish, feed

win over, win around, bring over, draw over, gain, gain over; talk

inflammatory, incendiary,

fomenting, rabble-rousing 29 persuasive, suasive, persuading;

nur-

22 induce, prompt, move one to, influence, sway, incline, dispose, carry, bring, lead, lead one to; lure; tempt; determine, decide; enlist, procure, engage, interest in, get to do 23 persuade, prevail on or upon, prevail with, sway, convince, lead to believe, bring round, bring to reason, bring to one's senses; win,

incitive, inciting, incentive; instiga-

tional;

the back, stroke ; invite, ask for; abet, aid

inspiriting;

infusive; animating, exhilarating,

spark, spark off, trigger, trigger off, touch off, set off, light the fuse, enflame, set afire or on fire, turn on 19 rouse, arouse, raise, raise up,

20 inspire,

around, buy

ADJS 25

directed, other-directed; soft

31 inspired, fired,

afire,

on

fire

PRETEXT NOUNS 1 pretext, pretense, preten-

376

show, ostenor announced or public or

sion, lying pretension, sible

professed motive; front, facade, 354.3; excuse, apology,

sham

poor excuse, lame ex-

over, talk into, argue into, outtalk

protestation,

; wangle, wangle into; hook and hook in , con and do a snow job on , nobble , sell and sell one on ,

cuse; occasion,

charm, captivate; wear down, overcome one's resistance, armtwist and twist one's arm , put

, trick 356.6; dust thrown in the eye, smoke screen, screen, cover,

the screws to; bribe 378.3, grease

blance; mask, eloak, veil, cosmetics,

or oil or cross one's palm ; brainwash 24 persuade oneself, make oneself easy about, make sure of, make up one's mind; follow one's con-

mere occasion; puthang on. leg

off ; handle, peg to

to stand on; subterfuge, refuge, de-

vice, stratagem, feint, dipsy-doodle

stalking-horse, blind: guise, sem-

mere cosmetics,

gloss, varnish.

whitewash ; and polish; cover, cover-up. cover story, alibi; Band-Aid

color, coat of paint, - spit

2 claim, profession, allegation

3763-377.8

323

VERBS

3 pretext, make a pretext

of,

take as an excuse or reason or occasion, urge as a motive,

make a pretense

pretend,

of; put

up a

front or

false front; allege, claim, profess,

purport, avow; protest too much 4 hide under, cover oneself with,

Juan; Pied Piper of Hamelin; temptress, enchantress, seductress, siren; Siren, Circe, Lorelei,

Parthenope; vampire,

vamp ,

femme fatale

VERBS

5 lure,

allure, entice,

inveigle, decoy, draw,

come on

seduce, on,

draw

and give

the

shelter under, take cover under,

lead on;

wrap oneself in, cloak or mantle

come-on and give a come-hither look and bat the eyes at and make goo-goo eyes at , flirt with, flirt; woo; coax, cajole, blandish; ensnare; draw in, suck in and rope in

oneself with, take refuge in; conceal one's motive with; cover, cover up, gloss or varnish over, apply a coat

of paint or whitewash, stick on a

Band- Aid

ADJS

5 pretexted, pretended, alleged, claimed, professed, purported, avowed; ostensible, hypocritical, specious; so-called, in

name only

to

; bait, offer bait to, bait the hook, angle with a silver hook 6 attract, interest, appeal, engage, impress; charismatize, fetch , catch or get one's eye, command one's attention, rivet one, attract one's interest, be attractive, take or

377

ALLUREMENT

NOUNS

1 allurement, allure, entice-

ment, inveiglement,

invitation,

come-hither , blandishment, cajolery;

inducement 375.7; tempta-

tickle one's fancy; invite,

summon,

beckon; tempt, tantalize,

titillate,

whet the appetite, make one's mouth water, dangle before one 7 fascinate, captivate, charm, tickle, tease,

a

tion, tantalization; seduction,

becharm,

seducement; beguilement, beguil-

spell,

ing; fascination, captivation, en-

trigue, enthrall, infatuate, enrap-

thrallment, entrapment, snaring;

ture, transport, enravish, entrance, enchant, witch, bewitch; carry away, sweep off one's feet, turn one's head, knock one's socks off ; hypnotize, mesmerize; vamp ; charismatize

enchantment, witchery, bewitchery, bewitchment; attraction, interest, charm, glamour, appeal, magnetism; charisma; star quality; wooing; flirtation

2 attractiveness, allure, charmingness, bewitchingness, impressive-

ness, seductiveness,

winsomeness,

winning ways, winningness; sexiness, sex appeal or SA 3 lure, charm, come-on , attention-getter or -grabber, attraction, draw or drawer or crowddrawer, crowd-pleaser, headliner; clou,

hook and gimmick ,

ADJS 8

spell, spellbind, cast

put under a spell, beguile, in-

alluring, fascinating, capti-

vating, riveting, charming, glam-

orous, exotic, enchanting, spellful, spellbinding, entrancing, ravishing, enravishing, intriguing, enthralling, witching, bewitching; attractive, interesting, appealing,

dishy , sexy , engaging, taking, eye-catching, catching, fetching, winning,

winsome, prepossess-

drawing card, draw-card; decoy, decoy duck; bait, ground bait, baited trap, baited hook; snare, trap; endearment 562; the song of the

ing; exciting; charismatic; seductive,

Sirens, the voice of the tempter,

blandishing; tempting, tantalizing,

honeyed words; forbidden

teasing, titillating, titillative, tickling;

fruit

4 tempter, seducer, enticer, inveigler, charmer, enchanter, fascinator, tantalizer, teaser;

coquette,

flirt;

Don

seducing, beguiling, enticing, inviting, come-hither ; flirtatious, coquettish; coaxing, cajoling,

provocative; appetizing, mouthwatering, piquant; irresistible; siren, sirenic; hypnotic,

mesmeric

378.1-380,6

324

BRIBERY NOUNS 1 bribery, bribing, suborna-

in the bud; take the starch out of,

378

tion,

wind out of one's sails 5 dissuasive, dissuading, disinclining, discouraging; deterrent, take the

ADJS

corruption, graft, bribery and

corruption

off-putting, repellent, disenchanting;

2 bribe, bribe money, sop, sop

to Cer-

expostulatory, admonitory, monitory,

berus, gratuity, payoff , boodle

; hush money ; payola ; protection VERBS 3 bribe, throw a sop to; grease and grease the palm or hand and

palm and tickle the palm ; purchase; buy and buy off and pay off ; suborn, corrupt, tamper with; reach and get at and oil the

380

INTENTION

NOUNS

1 intention, intent, intend-

ment, mind-set, aim, effect, meaning, view, study, animus, point, purpose, function, set or settled or fixed purpose; sake; design, plan,

get to ; approach, try to bribe;

project, idea, notion; quest, pursuit;

take care of bribable, corruptible, purchasable, buyable; approachable;

lution,

fix,

ADJS 4

fixable;

on the take and on the pad

; venal, corrupt, bought and paid for, in one's pocket

379

cautionary; intimidating

desideration, ambition, aspiration,

desire 100; striving, nisus

2 objective, object, aim, end, goal, destination, mark, object in mind,

end

DISSUASION

NOUNS

proposal, prospectus; resolve, resomind, will; motive 375.1; determination 359.1; desideratum,

in view, telos, final cause, ulti-

mate aim or purpose, mission; end

1 dissuasion, talking out

of

in itself; target, butt, bull's-eye,

, remonstrance, expostulation,

quintain; quarry, prey,

admonition, monition, warning, caveat, caution, cautioning; intimi-

for being, raison d'etre ; by-

dation, determent, deterrence, scar-

ing or frightening off, turning

around; contraindication

game; reason

purpose, by-end; be-all and end-all; teleology

3 intentionality, deliberation, deliberateness, directedness; express in-

2 deterrent, determent; discouragement, disincentive, chilling effect,

tention, expressness,

premeditation, predeliberation,

demotivation; deflection, roadblock,

preconsideration, calculation, cal-

red light, closed door; damp,

culatedness, predetermination,

damper, wet blanket, cold water,

preresolution, forethought, afore-

chill; alienation, disaffection

VERBS

thought, calculated risk

to the

VERBS

contrary, convince otherwise, talk

port,

out of ; contraindicate; unconvince, unpersuade; remonstrate, ex-

determine 359.7; project, design, destine; aim, aim at, take aim at,

postulate, admonish, cry out against;

draw a bead on,

warn, warn off or away, caution;

have designs on, go for, drive at, aspire to or after, be after, set before oneself, purpose to oneself, have

3 dissuade, convince

enter a caveat; intimidate, scare or frighten off, daunt, cow; turn around 4 disincline, indispose, disaffect, disinterest; deter, repel, turn

from, turn

away or aside; divert, deflect; distract, put off and turn off ; wean from; discourage; pour or dash or throw cold water on, throw or lay a wet blanket on, be a wet blanket, damp, dampen, demotivate, cool, chili,

quench, blunt; nip

4 intend, purpose, plan, purthink, propose; resolve,

mean,

set one's sights on,

every intention; harbor a design; desire 100.14,18 5 contemplate, meditate; envisage,

envision,

have

in

mind, have

in

view; have an eye to, have every inhave a mind or notion, have half a mind or notion, have a good tention,

or great mind or notion 6 plan, plan on, figure on, plan

tor or

380.7-381.8

325 count on, figure out, calculate,

out,

posal, prospectus, proposition; sce-

calculate on, reckon, reckon or bar-

gain on, bargain

upon,

for,

bank on or

make book on ,

nario,

game plan

3 diagram,

plot, chart, blueprint,

graph, bar graph, pie or circle graph

expect,

or chart, area graph; flow diagram,

foresee

7 premeditate, calculate, preresolve, predetermine, predeliberate, pre-

flow chart; table; design, pattern, cartoon; sketch, draft, drawing,

consider, direct oneself, forethink,

working drawing, rough; outline,

work out beforehand; scheme

delineation, skeleton, figure, pro-

ADJS 8

plan; plot,

file;

intentional, intended, pro-

posed, purposed, telic, projected, designed, of design, aimed, aimed at, meant, purposeful, purposive, willful, voluntary, deliberate; de-

form, party

liberated; considered, studied, ad-

vised, calculated,

contemplated,

envisaged, envisioned, meditated, conscious, knowing, witting; planned; teleological 9 premeditated, predeliberated, preconsidered, predetermined, preresolved, prepense, aforethought

line; position paper;

formula; rule

5 intrigue, web of intrigue, plot, scheme, deep-laid plot or scheme, underplot, game or little game , secret plan, trick, stratagem, finesse,

'

PLAN NOUNS 1 plan, scheme, design,

381

house plan, ground plan,

ichnography; elevation, projection; map, chart 159.5 4 policy, polity, principles, guiding principles; procedure, course, line, plan of action; creed 953.3; plat-

method; counterplot; conspiracy, confederacy, covin, cabal; complicity, collusion, connivance; artifice 415.3; contrivance, contriving;

trivance,

method, program, device, congame, envisagement, con-

scheming, schemery, plotting; finagling , machination, manipulation, maneuvering, engineering, rigging; frame-up ; wire-

ception, enterprise, idea, notion;

pulling ; inside job; expedient,

organization, rationalization, sys-

last resort,

tematization, schematization; chart-

way

ing,

mapping, graphing,

eleventh-hour rescue;

out, loophole

6 planner, designer,

deviser, con-

blueprinting; planning, calculation,

triver,

figuring; planning function; long-

entrepreneur; intrapreneur; orga-

range planning, long-range or longterm plan; master plan, the picture

nizer, promoter, developer, engi-

and the big

picture ; approach,

attack, plan of attack;

dure;

way, proce-

arrangement, prearrange-

ment, system, disposition, layout, setup, lineup; schedule, timetable, time-scheme, time frame; agenda, order of the day; deadline; plan of work; schema, schematism, scheme of arrangement; blueprint, guide-

program of action; methodology; working plan, ground line, guidelines,

plan, tactical plan, strategic plan; tactics, strategy,

game

plan ;

mission statement; contingency plan; operations research; intention 380; forethought, foresight 961;

back room 2 project, projection, scheme; pro-

framer, projector; enterpriser,

neer; expediter, facilitator, animator;

policymaker, decision-maker; architect, tactician, strategist,

strategian, mastermind, brains

7 schemer,

plotter, counterplotter,

fi-

nagler , Machiavelli; intriguer, cabalist; conspirer, conspirator,

coconspirator, conniver;

maneu-

verer, machinator, operator

,

opportunist, pot-hunter, exploiter;

wire-puller

VERBS

8 plan, devise, contrive, de-

sign, frame, shape, cast, concert, lay plans; organize, rationalize, systematize,

schematize, methodize, con-

figure, pull together, sort out;

arrange, prearrange, make arrangements, set up, work up, work out;

381.9-382.11

326

schedule; lay down a plan, shape or mark out a course; program; calculate, figure; project, cut out,

make

chase, chevy or chivy , shikar , coursing; blood

a

scheme, intrigue, be up to something; conspire, connive, collude, cabal; hatch, hatch up, cook up , brew, concoct, hatch or lay a plot; maneuver, machinate, finesse, operate , engineer, rig, wangle , angle, finagle ; frame or frame up ; counterplot, countermine 10 plot; map, chart 159.1 1, blueprint; diagram, graph; sketch, sketch in or out, draw up a plan; map out, 9

plot,

plot out, lay out, set out,

lay off,

11 outline,

mark

off;

mark

ing, falconry; stalking,

3 fishing,

fishing, competitive fishing

hunter, quester, seeker, tracker, trailer, tail

in,

5 hunter, huntsman, sportsman, Nimrod; huntress, sportswoman; stalker; courser; trapper; big

hunter; jacklighter, jacker;

6

gundog; poacher fisherman, angler, piscato-

fisher,

rian, piscatorialist;

trawlerman, dragger, jacker, jigger, bobber, guddler,

ADJS

12 planned, devised, designed, shaped, set, blueprinted, charted,

netter, whaler,

man,

tickler, drifter, drift

clam digger,

lobster-

etc.

7 quarry, game, prey, venery, beasts of venery, victim, the hunted; kill; big game, small game 8 pursue, follow, follow up,

meditated; arranged; organized, rationalized, systematized,

worked

Waltonian; dib-

bef, dibbler, troller, trawler,

out

schematized, methodized, strate-

game-

keeper; beater, whipper-in; falconer;

block in rough out; chalk

mapped, contrived; plotted; pre-

game

hunter, shikari , white

brief; sketch, draft, trace;

or out; rough

fishery; angling, halieutics;

4 pursuer, pursuant, chaser, follower;

out;

design a prototype

hunt

still

fly-fishing, saltwater fishing, ice

delineate, chalk out,

line,

hawk-

sport; fox hunt, foxhunting;

projection, plan ahead; intend 380.4

VERBS

agenda, in the works, in the pipeline , on the calendar, on the docket,

go after, take out or off after , bay after, run after, run in pursuit of, make after, go in pursuit of; raise the hunt, raise the hue and cry,

on the

hollo after; chase, give chase,

gized;

out, calculated, fig-

ured; projected; scheduled, on the

anvil,

on the carpet;

tactical,

chivy; hound, dog; quest, quest af-

strategic

ter, seek, seek out, hunt, search 938.30,31, send out a search party;

13 scheming, calculating, designing, contriving, plotting, intriguing; resourceful; manipulatory,

manipu-

lative; opportunist, opportunistic;

Machiavellian, Byzantine; conniving, conspiring, conspiratorial, collusive; stratagemical

14 schematic, diagrammatic

382

trawl

9 hunt, go hunting, hunt down, chase, run, shikar , sport; engage in a blood sport; shoot, gun; course; ride to hounds, follow the hounds: track, trail; stalk, prowl after, stillhunt; poach; hound, dog; hawk, falcon; fowl; flush,

PURSUIT

NOUNS

1

pursuit, pursuing, pur-

suance; quest, seeking, hunting, searching; following, follow, follow-

up; tracking, trailing, tracking down,

dogging, hounding, shadowing, stalking, tailing ; chase, hot pursuit; hue and cry; all points bulletin or

APB,

dragnet,

start; drive, beat;

jack, jacklight; trap, ensnare

manhunt

2 hunting, gunning, shooting, venery, cynegetics, sport, sporting; hunt,

10

go fishing, angle; cast one's hook or net; bait the hook; shrimp,

fish,

whale, clam, grig, still-fish, fly-fish, troll, bob, dap, dib or dibble, gig. jig, etc.; reel in

ADJS

11 pursuing, pursuant, follow-

ing; questing, in quest of, seeking,

searching 938.38; in pursuit,

in

hot

pursuit, in full cry, tailing, chasing, trailing; hunting, cynegetic. fishing.

383.1-384.3

327

, edgestone; curb, kerb ,

piscatory, piscatorial, halieutic,

curbing; gutter, kennel

halieutical

383

ROUTE, PATH

NOUNS

1 route, path, way, itinerary, course, track, run, line, road; trajec-

7 railway, railroad, rail, line, track, trackage, railway or railroad or rail line; subway; junction; terminus, terminal, the end of the line; roadway, roadbed, embankment; bridge,

tory, traject; direction; circuit, tour,

orbit;

walk, beat, round; trade route, sea lane, shipping lane,

traffic lane,

air lane, flight path; path of least resistance, primrose path,

trestle

8 cableway, ropeway, wireway, wire ropeway, cable or rope railway, funicular or funicular railway; mono-

garden path;

shortcut, detour; line of advance, line of retreat

2 path, track, trail, pathway, footpath, footway; walkway, catwalk, skybridge or skywalk or flying bridge or walkway; sidewalk, walk, foot pavement ; boardwalk; hiking trail; public walk, promenade, esplanade, alameda, parade, mall; towpath or towing path; bridle path or road or trail or way; bicycle path; berm; run, runway; beaten track or path, rut, groove; garden

rail; telpher,

telpherway, telpher

ropeway, telpher line or railway; ski lift, chair lift, gondola, aerial tramway, tram 9 bridge, span, viaduct; cantilever bridge, clapper bridge, drawbridge, footbridge, pontoon bridge, rope bridge, skybridge or skywalk or flying bridge or walkway, suspension bridge, toll bridge, floating bridge,

covered bridge, aqueduct; overpass, overcrossing, overbridge or flyover ; stepping-stone, stepstone,

catwalk; Bifrost

path

3 passageway, pass, passage, defile; avenue, artery; corridor, aisle, alley, lane; channel, conduit 239. 1 ford, ferry, traject; opening, aper-

of way, approach, inlet 189.5; exit, outlet 190.9; connection, communication; covered way, gallery, arcade, portico, colonnade, cloister, ambulatory; underture; access, right

pass, overpass, flyover ;

tunnel, railroad tunnel, vehicular

tunnel; junction, interchange, inter-

section 170.2

4 byway, bypath, byroad, by-lane, bystreet, side road, side street; by-

pass, detour, roundabout way; by-

paths and crooked ways, side path;

back way, back stairs, back door, side door; back road, back street 5 road, highway, roadway, carriage-

way

, right-of-way; street

6 pavement, paving; macadam, blacktop, bitumen, asphalt, tarmacadam, tarmac, tarvia, bituminous

macadam;

cement, concrete; tile, brick, paving brick; stone, paving stone, pavestone, flag, flagstone, flagging;

cobblestone,

cobble; road metal ; gravel;

washboard; curbstone, kerbstone

MANNER, MEANS NOUNS 1 manner, way, wise,

384

means, mode, modality, fashion, style, tone, guise; method, methodology, system; algorithm ; approach, attack, tack; technique, procedure, process, proceeding, measures, steps, course, practice; order; lines, line, line of action; modus operandi , mode of operation or MO, manner of working, mode of procedure; routine; the way of, the how, the how-to, the drill 2 means, ways, ways and means, means to an end; wherewithal, wherewith; funds 728.14; resources, disposable resources, capital 728.15; bankroll ; stock in trade, inventory, stock, supply 386; power, capacity, ability 18.2; power base, constituency, backing, support; recourses, resorts, devices;

tools of the trade, tricks of the trade, bag of tricks 3 instrumentality, agency; machin-

mechanism, modality; gadgetry ; mediation, going between, inery,

384.4-385.11

328

termediation, service; expedient, re-

2 provisions, supplies 386.1; proven-

course, resort, device 995.2

der 10.5; merchandise 735; basics 3 accommodations, accommodation,

4 instrument,

tool,

9

implement, ap-

pliance, device; contrivance,

facilities;

makeshift, lever, mechanism; vehi-

board;

cle,

organ; agent 576; medium,

lodgings; bed, board,

full

room and board, bed and

board; subsistence, keep, fostering

mediator, intermedium, intermedi-

4 equipment,

materiel, equipage,

mu-

ary, intermediate, interagent, liaison,

nitions; furniture, furnishings; fix-

go-between 576.4; expediter,

tures, fittings, appointments,

facili-

creature, minion, stooge ; stalk-

accouterments, appurtenances, trappings, installations, plumbing; appliances, utensils, conveniences; outfit, apparatus, rig, machinery;

ing horse; toy, plaything; gadget,

stock-in-trade; plant, facility, facili-

contrivance; dupe 358

ties;

animator; midwife, servant,

tator,

handmaid, handmaiden; cat's-paw, puppet, dummy, pawn, slave,

VERBS

paraphernalia, harness, things,

5 use, utilize, adopt, affect; approach, attack; proceed, prac-

gear, stuff , impedimenta ,

tice, go about; routinize 6 find means, find a way, provide or have the wherewithal, develop a method; enable, facilitate; get by hook or by crook, obtain by fair

tion; kit, duffel, effects, personal ef-

means or

foul; beg, borrow, or

come

stand in

good

minister

to, act for, act in

ests of,

ward,

stead,

fill

tackle

6 provider, supplier,

furnisher;

donor

patron; purveyor, provi-

sioner, caterer, victualer, sutler;

bill;

the inter-

promote, advance, for-

assist, facilitate; mediate,

1;

chandler, retailer, merchant 730.2;

in handy,

the

fects

5 harness, caparison, trappings, tack,

478.1

steal; think laterally; network 7 be instrumental, serve, subserve,

serve one's purpose,

tackle; rigging; armament, muni-

go

between; liaise ADJS 8 modal; instrumental, implemental; agential, agentive, agentival; effective, efficacious; useful,

handy, employable, ser-

commissary, commissariat, quartermaster, shopkeeper, storekeeper, merchant, stock clerk, steward, manciple; grocer, vintner; procurer; megastore VERBS 7 provide, supply, find, dish up and rustle up , furnish; ac-

commodate;

invest,

endow, fund,

subsidize; donate, give, afford, contribute,

kick in , yield, present

make available; stock, store; for, make provision or due

viceable; helpful, conducive, for-

478.12; provide

warding, favoring, promoting,

provision for; prepare 405.6; sup-

assisting, facilitating; subservient,

port, maintain, keep;

ministering, ministerial; mediating,

plenish, restock, recruit

utile,

NOUNS

1

EQUIPMENT

accouter, clothe, dress; arm, heel

provision, providing;

equipment, accouterment,

fitting

out, outfitting; supply, supplying,

finding; furnishing, furnishment;

chandlery, retailing, selling 734.2; logistics;

procurement 472. 1 invest;

ment, endowment, subvention, subsidy, subsidization; provisioning,

victualing, purveyance, catering; ar-

mament; resupply, replenishment, reinforcement; supply

line, line

supply; preparation 405

up; re-

8 equip, furnish, outfit, gear, prepare, fit, fit up or out, fix up , rig, rig up or out, turn out, appoint,

mediatorial, intermediary

385 PROVISION,

fill, fill

of

, munition; man, staff 9 provision, provender, cater, victual, serve, cook for; provide a grubstake ; board, feed; forage; fuel, gas, gas up, fill up, top off, coal. bunker; purvey, sell 734.8

oil.

10 accommodate, furnish accommodations; house, lodge 225.10; put up, board 11 make a living, earn a living or livelihood, make or earn one's

keep

385.12-386.10

329 12 support oneself, make one's way; make ends meet, keep body and soul together, keep the wolf from the door, keep or hold one's head above water, keep afloat; survive, subsist, cope, eke out, make out, scrape along, manage, get by

ADJS

13 provided, supplied, fur-

equipped,

endowed;

fitted, fitted out, outfit-

ted, rigged, accoutered;

armed,

heeled ; staffed, manned; readied, in place,

re-

source; well, fountain, fount, spring,

wellspring; mine, gold mine, bo-

nanza, luau ; quarry, lode, vein; oil field, oil well, oil rig; cor-

nished, provisioned, purveyed, catered; invested,

ace up one's sleeve; spare or replacement part 4 source of supply, source, staple,

prepared 405.16

14 well-provided, well-supplied, wellfurnished, well-stocked, wellfound; well-equipped, well-fitted, well-appointed; well-armed

nucopia 5 storage, stowage; preservation, conservation, safekeeping, warehousing; cold storage, cold store, dry storage, dead storage; storage space, shelf-room; custody, guardianship 1008.2; sequestration, escrow 6 storehouse, storeroom, stockroom, box room , lumber room, store, storage, depository, reposi-

tory, conservatory, reservoir, repertory, depot,

supply depot, supply

megagodown; bonded warehouse,

base, magazine, warehouse,

386

STORE, SUPPLY

NOUNS

1 store,

store,

entrepot; dock; hold, cargo dock; at-

hoard, treasure,

treasury; plenty, plenitude, abun-

dance, cornucopia; heap, mass, stack, pile,

dump,

rick; collection,

accumulation, cumulation, amassment, budget, stockpile; backlog; repertory, repertoire; stock-in-trade;

inventory, stock, supply on hand; lock, stock,

and

barrel; stores,

sup-

plies, provisions, provisionment, ra-

tions; larder, commissariat,

assets, liquid assets, bal-

ance, pluses , black-ink items, financial resources, capital, capital

goods, capitalization, available

means or resources or

coffers; bank, vault 729.13, strong-

room, strongbox; archives, library, stack room; armory, arsenal, dump; lumberyard; drawer, shelf; bin, bunker, bay, crib; rack, rick; vat, tank; elevator; crate, box; chest,

grist, grist for

locker, chain locker, lazaret, lazaretto, glory hole

7 garner, granary, grain bin, elevator, grain elevator, silo;

mow, haymow,

hayloft, hayrick; crib, corncrib

8 larder, pantry, buttery ; spence , stillroom ; root

funds, cash

flow, stock-in-trade; venture capital;

backing, support;

stable, garage; treasury, treasure

house, treasure room, exchequer,

locker, hutch; bookcase, stack; sail

commissary; munitions; materiel; material, materials 1054 2 supply, fund, resource, resources;

means,

tic, loft, cellar, basement; closet, cupboard; wine cellar, larder; shed,

the

cellar; dairy, dairy

house or room

9 museum; gallery,

art gallery, pic-

ture gallery, pinacotheca; salon;

mill; holdings, property 471; labor

Metropolitan

resources

Gallery,

Museum, National

Museum of Modern Art,

3 reserve, reserves, reservoir, resource; proved or proven reserve;

Guggenheim Museum, Tate Gallery, British Museum, Louvre, Her-

stockpile, cache, backup, reserve

mitage, Prado, Uffizi, Rijksmuseum;

supply, store, standby, safeguard,

something in reserve or in hand, something to fall back on, reserve fund, emergency funds, nest egg,

savings, sinking fund; proved reserves; backlog,

unexpended

bal-

ance; ace in the hole , a card or

museology, curatorship 10 store, stow, lay in

VERBS

store;

lay in, lay in a supply or stock or

away, stow away, put away, lay away, put or lay by, pack away, bundle away, lay down, stow down, salt down or away and sock store, store

386.11-387.13

330

away and squirrel away ; de-

agement; way or means of dealing;

posit, reposit, lodge; cache, stash

stewardship, custodianship,

, bury away; bank, coffer,

guardianship, care

hutch; warehouse, reservoir;

3

file, file

*

away 11 store up, stock up, lay up, put up, save up, hoard up, treasure up, garner up, heap up, pile up, build up a stock or an inventory, provision; accumulate, cumulate, collect,

usefulness, usability, use,

utilizability, avail,

good, advantage,

benefit, serviceability, service,

helpfulness, functionality, profitability, applicability, availability,

practicability, practicality, practical utility, operability,

effectiveness, ef-

amass, stockpile; backlog; garner, gather into barns; hoard, treasure,

ficacy, efficiency; readiness, avail-

save, keep, hold, squirrel, squirrel

purpose

ability; instrumentality; ultimate

4 benefit, use, service, avail, profit, advantage, point, percentage and mileage , what's in it for one

away; hide, secrete 346.7 12 reserve, save, conserve, keep, retain, husband, husband one's resources, keep or hold back, withhold; keep in reserve, keep in store, keep on hand, keep by one; sequester, put in escrow; preserve 397.7; set or put aside, set or put apart, put or lay or set by; save up, save to fall back upon, keep as a nest egg, save for a rainy day, provide for or against a rainy day 13 have in store or reserve, have to fall back upon, have something to draw on, have something laid by, have something laid by for a rainy day, have something up one's sleeve ADJS 14 stored, accumulated, amassed, laid up, stocked; gathered,

, convenience; interest, behalf, behoof; value, worth, fruitfulness;

commonweal,

public

good

5 function, use, purpose, role, part, point, end use, immediate purpose, ultimate purpose, operational purpose, operation; work, duty, office

6 functionalism, utilitarianism; pragmatism, pragmaticism; functional design, functional furniture

housing,

usufruct, perfect usufruct, right of use, user,

enjoyment of property;

disposal; possession

stockpiled; backlogged; hoarded,

making use of, making instrumental, using as a means or tool; employment, em-

treasured

ploying;

8

tained, held, filed, withheld, held

storage, warehoused, mothballed; bottled, pickled, canned, refrigerated, frozen; spare

tion,

1

use,

employment,

tion, active use;

wrong

good

use;

ill

use,

use, misuse 389; hard use,

hard or rough usage; hard wear, heavy duty; application, appliance,

deployment; expenditure, expending, using up, exhausting, dissipation, dissipating,

consumption 388

2 usage, treatment, handling,

man

working, operation,

ment, calling upon, calling into service; mobilization, mobilizing 9 user, employer; consumer, enjoyer, exploiter; customer, client VERBS 10 use, utilize, make use of, do with; employ, practice, ply, work.

utiliza-

employ, usage; exercise, exer-

management, manipula-

exploitation, recruiting, recruit-

USE

NOUNS

utilization, using,

tion, handling,

15 reserved, preserved, saved, conserved, put by or aside, kept, reback, kept or held in reserve; in

or

etc.

7 usufruct, imperfect

garnered, collected, heaped, piled;

387

utility,

1

manage, handle, manipulate, operate, wield, play, exercise; have or enjoy the use of; exercise, exert apply, put to use or good use, earn out, put into execution, put into practice or operation, put

in force,

enforce; bring to bear upon

12 treat, handle, manage, use. deal with, cope with, come to grips with, take on. tackle . contend with,

do with; steward, care

for

13 spend, consume, expend, pass, em-

387.14-388.1

331 put in; devote, bestow, give to or give over to, devote or consecrate or dedicate to; while, while away, wile; dissipate, exhaust, use up 14 avail oneself of, make use of, resort to, put to use or good use, have recourse to, turn to, look to, recur to, refer to, take to , betake oneself to; revert to, fall back on or upon, rely on; convert or turn to use, put in or into requisition, press or enlist into service, lay un-

service to; profit, benefit, pay and pay off , give good returns,

ploy,

yield a profit, bear fruit

ADJS

18 useful, employable, of use, of service, serviceable, commodious; good for; helpful, of help; advantageous, to one's advantage or profit, profitable, remuneratory,

bankable, beneficial 999.12; practical, banausic, pragmatical, functional, utilitarian, of general utility

or application, commodious;

fitting,

proper, appropriate, expedient 995.5;

der contribution, impress, call

upon, call or bring into play, draw on or upon, recruit, muster; pick someone's brains 15 take advantage of, avail oneself of,

make

the most of, use to the full, make good use of, maximize, im-

well-used, well-thumbed; reusable, recyclable

19 using, exploitive, exploitative, manipulative, manipulatory 20 handy, convenient; available, ac-

hand, to hand, on deck , on

cessible, ready, at

prove, turn to use or profit or ac-

on hand, on

count or good account, turn to advantage or good advantage, use

call, at

tap,

one's call or beck and

call, at

one's elbow, at one's fingertips, just

to

advantage, put to advantage, find

around the corner,

one's account or advantage in; im-

versatile, adaptable, all-around

prove the occasion 843.8; profit by, benefit from, reap the benefit of; exploit, capitalize on, make capital of, make a good thing of , make hay , trade on, cash in on , play on, play off against; make the best of, make a virtue of

, of all work; crude but effective, quick and dirty ; to the purpose; fast-food, convenience

21 effectual, effective,

active, efficient,

efficacious, operative; instrumental;

subsidiary, subservient

22 valuable, of value,

necessity

all

16 exploit, take advantage of, use, make use of, use for one's own ends; make a paw or cat's-paw of, make a pawn

at one's disposal;

all

for the best,

to the good, profitable, bank-

able, yielding a return, well-spent,

worthwhile, rewarding; gainful,

re-

munerative, moneymaking, lucrative

23 usable,

utilizable; applicable, ap-

sucker and play for a sucker ; manipulate, work on, work

pliable,

upon, stroke, play on or upon; play both ends against the middle; impose upon, presume upon; use ill, ill-use, abuse, misuse 389.4; batten on; milk, bleed, bleed white ; drain, suck the blood of or from, suck dry; exploit one's position,

clable; exploitable; manipulable,

of,

pliable,

need,

fill

the

bill

and do

the trick

compliant 433.12;

at one's

service

24 used, employed, exercised, applied; previously

exerted,

owned or pre-

owned, secondhand 842.18 25 in use, in practice, in force,

feather one's nest , profiteer;

abuse 17 avail, be of use, be of service, serve, suffice, do, answer, answer or serve one's purpose, serve one's

employable, serviceable;

practical, operable; reusable, recy-

in ef-

fect, in service, in operation, in

commission

CONSUMPTION NOUNS 1 consumption, consuming,

388

, suit one's purpose; stand one in stead or good stead, be handy,

using or eating up; burning up; ab-

come

gestion, expenditure, expending,

one in hand ; advantage, be of advantage or in handy, stand

sorption, assimilation, digestion, in-

spending; squandering, wastefulness

388.2-390.2

332

486. 1 finishing; depletion, drain, ;

2 mistreatment, ill-treatment, mal-

exhausting, exhaustion, impoverish-

treatment,

ment; waste, wastage, wasting away, erosion, ablation, wearing down, wearing away, attrition; throwing

verbal abuse; molesting, molesta-

away

tion, child

abuse,

abuse or molestation;

vi-

olation, outrage, violence, injury,

and unusual punishment; overuse 3 persecution, oppression, harrying, hounding, tormenting, bashing , harassment, nobbling , victimization; witch-hunting, witch-hunt, red-baiting , McCarthyism; open season, piling on atrocity; cruel

2 consumable, consumable item or goods; nonrenewable or nonreusable or nonrecyclable item or resource; throwaway, throwaway item, disposable goods or item; throwaway culture or psychology, instant obsolescence

VERBS

3 consume, spend, expend, use up; absorb, assimilate, digest, ingest, eat, eat up, swallow, swallow up, gobble, gobble up; burn up; finish, finish off; exhaust, deplete, impoverish, drain, drain of resources; suck dry, bleed white , suck one's blood; wear away, erode, erode away, ablate; waste away; throw away, squander 486.3 4 be consumed, be used up, waste; run out, give out, peter out ; run dry, dry up 5 used up, consumed, eaten up, burnt up; finished, gone; unre-

ADJS

VERBS

4 misuse, misemploy, abuse, misapply; mishandle, mismanage, maladminister; divert, misappropriate, expropriate, convert, defalcate,

embezzle, defraud, pilfer, peculate, feather one's nest ; pervert, prostitute; profane, violate, pollute, foul, foul one's

abuse power 5 mistreat, maltreat, ill-treat, ill-use, abuse, injure, molest; do wrong to,

do wrong by; outrage, do violence to, do one's worst to; mishandle, manhandle; buffet, batter, bruise, savage, manhandle, maul, knock about, rough, rough up; pollute;

able, nonrecyclable, nonreusable;

depleted, impoverished, drained,

able; exhaustible; replaceable; dis-

posable, throwaway, no-deposit,

no-deposit-no-return

nest, spoil, be-

bally abuse, bad-mouth; misuse or

spent, exhausted, effete, dissipated,

worn-out; worn away, eroded, ablated; wasted 486.9 6 consumable, expendable, spend-

own

foul, desecrate, defile, debase; ver-

claimable, irreplaceable; nonrenew-

^

ill-use, ill-usage,

overuse, overwork, overtax

6 screw, screw over 7 persecute, oppress, torment, victimize, play cat and mouse with, harass, get or keep after, get or keep at, harry, hound, beset, nobble ; pursue, hunt

389

MISUSE

NOUNS

1 misuse,

wrong

misusage, abuse,

misemployment, misapplication; mishandling, mismanuse;

agement, poor stewardship; corrupt administration, malversation, breach of public trust, maladministration; diversion, defalcation, misappropriation, conversion,

embezzlement,

peculation, pilfering, fraud; perversion, prostitution; profanation, violation, pollution, fouling,

befoulment,

desecration, defilement, debasement;

malpractice, abuse of office, misconduct, malfeasance, misfeasance

390

DISUSE

NOUNS

1

disuse, disusage, desuetude;

nonuse, nonemployment; abstinence, abstention; nonprevalence, unprevalence; obsolescence, obsoleteness, obsoletism, obsoletion,

planned obsolescence; superannuapensioning off: redundancy 2 discontinuance, cessation, desisting, desistance; abdication, relinquishment, forebearance, resignation, renunciation, renouncement, abjurement, abjuration; tion, retirement,

390.3-391.2

333 away from, abandon

waiver, nonexercise; abeyance, sus-

pension, back burner

and cold

8 scrap, junk , consign to the scrap heap, throw on the junk heap

age , limbo; phaseout,

abandonment 370 3 discard, discarding, jettison, deep six , disposal, dumping, waste disposal, solid waste disposal, burning, incineration,

ocean burning or

incineration; compacting; scrapping,,

junking ; removal, elimi-

nation 773.2; rejection 372; reject,

throwaway, castaway, castoff,

re-

mains, rejectamenta ; refuse

391.4

VERBS

370.5; re-

move, eliminate 773.5

stor-

4 cease to use; abdicate,

re-

linquish; discontinue, disuse, quit,

drop , give up, give over, phase out, phase down, put behind one, let go, leave off, come off , cut out, desist, desist from, have done with; resign, stop,

lay off ,

renounce, abjure; nol-pros, not pur-

sue or proceed with; decommission, put out of commission 5 not use, do without, dispense with, let alone, not touch, hold off; ab-

; superannuate, retire, pension off, put out to pasture or grass 9 obsolesce, fall into disuse, go out, pass away; be superseded; superannuate ADJS 10 disused, abandoned, deserted, discontinued, done with, derelict; out, out of use; old; relinquished, resigned, renounced, abjured; decommissioned, out of commission; outworn, worn-out, past use, not worth saving; obsolete, obsolescent, life-expired, superannuated, superannuate; superseded, outdated, out-of-date, outmoded,

desuete; retired, pensioned off; on the shelf; written off ; antique,

antiquated, old-fashioned, old 11 discarded, rejected, castoff, castaway, scrapped, junked

12 unused, unutilized, unemployed, unapplied, unexercised; in

stain, refrain, forgo, forbear, spare,

abeyance, suspended; waived; un-

waive; keep or hold back, reserve, save, save up, sock or squirrel away,

spent, unexpended, unconsumed;

tuck away, put under the mattress, hoard; keep in hand, have up one's

aside, saved, held in reserve, in

held back, held out, put by, put

hand, spare, to spare, extra, reserve; stored 386.14; untouched, unhan-

sleeve; see the last of

6 put away, lay away, put aside, lay or set or wave or cast or push aside,

dled; untapped; untrodden, un-

beaten; new, original, pristine,

sideline , put or lay or set by;

virgin, fresh, fresh off the

stow, store 386.10; pigeonhole,

line, mint, in

assembly mint condition, factory-fresh; underused

shelve, put on the shelf, put in

mothballs; table, lay on the table; table the motion, pass to the order of the day; put on hold or on the back burner , postpone, delay 846.8 7 discard, reject, throw away, throw out, chuck or chuck away and shitcan and eighty-six , cast, cast off or away or aside; get rid of, get quit of, get shut or shet of , rid oneself of, shrug off, dispose of, slough, dump, ditch , jettison, throw or heave or toss overboard, deep-six , throw out the window, throw or cast to the dogs, cast to the winds; sell off or out; throw over, jilt; part with, give away; throw to the wolves, write off, walk

391

USELESSNESS

NOUNS

1 uselessness, inutility;

Heedlessness, unnecessity; unserviceability, unusability, bility,

unemploya-

inoperativeness, inoperability,

disrepair; unhelpfulness; inapplicability, unsuitability, unfitness;

func-

tionlessness; otioseness, otiosity;

2

superfluousness 993.4 emptiness, hollow-

futility, vanity,

ness; fruitlessness, bootlessness,

unprofitableness, profitlessness, unprofitability, otiosity, worthlessness,

valuelessness; triviality, nugacity,

nugaciousness; unproductiveness 891; ineffectuality, ineffectiveness,

391.3-391.14

334

inefficacy 19.3;

impotence 19.1; efmeaning-

feteness; pointlessness,

lessness, purposelessness,

aimlessness, fecklessness; the absurd, absurdity; inanity, fatuity; vi-

cious circle or cycle; rat race 3 labor in vain, labor lost, labor for naught; labor of Sisyphus, work of Penelope, Penelope's web; wildgoose chase, snipe hunt, bootless errand; waste of labor, waste of breath, waste of time, wasted effort,

wasted breath, wasted labor; red herring; fool's errand; blind alley

4 refuse, waste, wastage, waste matter,

waste stream, waste product,

solid waste, liquid waste, waste-

water, effluent, sewage, sludge; incinerator ash; industrial waste,

hazardous waste, toxic waste, atomic waste, dumping; medical waste; offal; leavings, sweepings, dust , scraps, orts; garbage, gash , swill, pig-swill, slop, slops, hogwash ; bilgewater; draff, lees, dregs 256.2; off-scourings, scourings, rinsings, dishwater; parings, raspings, filings, shavings;

scum; chaff, stubble, husks; weeds, tares; deadwood; rags, bones, wastepaper, shard, potsherd; scrap iron; slag, culm, slack 5 rubbish, rubble, trash, junk , shoddy, riffraff, raff , scrap, dust , debris, litter, lumber, truck 6 trash pile, rubbish heap, junkheap and junkpile , scrap heap, dustheap, midden, kitchen midden; wasteyard, junkyard , scrapyard, dump, dumpsite, garbage

dump,

landfill, sanitary landfill,

toxic waste dump, dumping 7 wastepaper basket, wastebasket,

shitcan ;

litter

basket,

litter bin;

side, spin one's

wheels and bang

one's head against a brick wall , beat the air, lash the waves, tilt at

windmills, sow the sand, bay at the moon, waste one's effort or breath,

preach or speak to the winds, beat or flog a dead horse, roll the stone of Sisyphus, carry coals to Newcastle, milk the ram, milk a he-goat into a sieve, pour water into a sieve, hold a farthing candle to the sun, look for a needle in a haystack, lock the barn door after the horse is stolen; attempt the impossible, spin one's wheels ADJS 9 useless, of no use, no go ; aimless, meaningless, purposeless, of no purpose, pointless, feckless; unavailing, of no avail, failed; ineffective, ineffectual 19.15; impotent 19.13; superfluous 993.17; dud 10 needless, unnecessary, unessential, nonessential, unneeded, uncalledfor, unrequired; unrecognized, neglected; redundant 11 worthless, valueless, good-fornothing, good-for-naught, no-good or NG , no-account , dear at any price, worthless as tits on a boar , not worth a dime or a red cent or a hill of beans or shit or bubkes , not worth the paper it's written on, not worthwhile, not worth having, not worth mentioning or speaking of, not worth a thought, not worth a rap or a continental or a damn, not worth the powder to blow it to hell, not worth the powder and shot, not worth the pains or the trouble, of no earthly use, fit for the junkyard ; trivial, penny-ante , nugatory, nugacious; junk and junky ; cheap, shoddy, trashy,

shabby

12 fruitless, gainless,

profitless, boot-

unprofitable, unremu-

garbage bag, garbage can, wastebin,

less, otiose,

dustbin

NOUNS

1 haste, hurry, scurry, rush,

race, speed, dash, drive, scuttle,

scamper, scramble, hustle , bustle,

flutter,

flurry, hurry-scurry,

no time

to be lost 2 hastiness, hurriedness, quickness, helter-skelter;

swiftness, expeditiousness, alacrity,

promptness 330.3; speed 174.1,2;

time; do on the run or on the fly 6 step on it, snap to it, get mov-

ing or going 7 rush into, plunge into, dive into, plunge, plunge ahead or headlong; not stop to think, go off halfcocked or at half cock , leap before one looks, cross a bridge before one comes to it 8 be in a hurry, be under the gun , have no time to lose or spare, not have a moment to spare, hardly have time to breathe, work against time or the clock, work under pressure, have a deadline, do at the last

moment

furiousness, feverishness; precipi-

tousness, precipitance or precipitancy, precipitation; rapidity;

suddenness, abruptness; impetuousness 365.2, impetuosity, impulsive-

ADJS 9

hasty, hurried, festinate, quick, flying, expeditious, prompt 330.18; quick-and-dirty , im-

mediate,

instant,

on the

spot, precip-

ness, rashness 493, impulsivity;

itant;

eagerness, zealousness, overeager-

urgent; furious, feverish; slap-bang, slapdash, cursory, passing, cosmetic, snap , superficial; spurof-the-moment, last-minute

ness, overzealousness

3 hastening, hurrying, festination, speeding, forwarding, quickening,

acceleration; forced march, double time, double-quick time, double-

quick; fast-forward; skedaddle

VERBS

4 hasten,

hustle

onrushing, swift, speedy;

10 precipitate, precipitant, precipitous; sudden, abrupt; impetuous, impulsive, rash; headlong, breakneck;

haste, hurry, accel-

hurry up, up , rush, quicken, hus-

erate, speed, speed up,

breathless, panting

11 hurried, rushed, pushed, pressed, railroaded, crowded, pressed for

, bustle, bundle, precipitate,

time, hard-pushed or -pressed,

forward; dispatch, expedite; whip,

hard-run; double-time, double-

whip along,

quick, on or at the double

tle

spur, urge 375.14,16; push, press; crowd, stampede; hurry

on, hasten on, drive on, hie on, push on, press on; hurry along, lollop failure, in the pan;

8

gas or steam,

dud

9 fail, be unsuccessful, fail of success, not work and not come off , come to grief, lose, not make the grade, be found wanting, not come up to the mark; not pass, flunk and flunk out ; go to the wall, go on the rocks; labor in vain 391.8; come away emptyhanded; tap out , go bankrupt 625.7 10 lose out, not make it, flop 11 sink, founder, go down, go under ; slip, go downhill, be on the skids

fall, fall

down

,

by the wayside, one's face;

;

fall

fall

or drop

fall flat, fall flat

down on

on

the job

through, fall between two

fall short, fall

to the ground; fall

dead; collapse, fall in; crash, go to smash 13 come to nothing, hang up and get nowhere ; poop out and go phut ; be all over or up with; stools; fall

fail

miserably or ignominiously;

fizz out

and

to a shuddering

stillborn,

died aborning;

bootless,

no-win ,

fruitless,

futile,

useless

391.9; lame, ineffectual, ineffective,

VERBS

12

come

to a

abortive, miscarrying, miscarried, flash

bankrupt 625.4

loser, nonstarter, flop,

come

dead stop 17 flunk or flunk out ; fail, pluck and plough , bust and wash out ADJS 18 unsuccessful, successless, failing; failed; unfortunate 1011.14; halt,

and fizzle and fizzle out and poop out ;

peter out

hang fire; blow up, blow up in one's face, explode, end or go up in smoke, go up like a rocket and come down like misfire, flash in the pan,

no effect; malfunc

inefficacious, of tioning, glitchy

VICTORY NOUNS 1 victory, triumph, con-

411

quest, subduing, subdual; a feather in one's cap ; total victory, grand slam; championship, crown, laurels, cup, trophy, belt, blue rib-

bon,

first

prize; V-for-victory sign

or

V-sign, raised arms; victory lap;

winning, win ; knockout or KO ; easy victory, walkover and walkaway , pushover and picnic ; runaway victory, laugher and romp and shellacking ; landslide victory, landslide; Pyrrhic

Cadmean

victory; moral winning streak ; winning ways, triumphalism; success 409; ascendancy 417.6; mastery 612.2 2 victor, winner, victress, victrix, triumpher; conqueror, defeater, vanvictory,

victory;

quisher, subduer, subjugator, conquistador; top dog ; master,

master of the situation; hero, conquering hero; champion, champ and number one ; easy winner, sure winner, shoo-in ; pancratiast;

runner-up

a stick

14 miss, miss the mark, miss one's aim; slip, slip up ; goof , blunder, foozle , err 975.9; botch, bungle 414. 1 1 waste one's effort, run around in circles, spin one's wheels ;

VERBS

3 triumph, prevail, be

rious,

come

out ahead,

victo-

come out on

top , clean up, chain victory to

one's car; win, gain, capture,

carry; win out , win through, carry it, carry off or away; win or

411.4-412.10

354

carry or gain the day, win the bat-

come out first, finish in front, make a killing , remain in postle,

session of the field; get or have the

win the prize, win the palm or bays or laurels, bear the palm, take the cake , win one's spurs or wings; fluke and win by a fluke ; win by a nose and nose out and edge out ; succeed; break the record, set a new mark

4 win hands down and win going away , win in a canter and walk and waltz , romp or breeze or waltz home , walk last laugh;

away with, waltz off with , walk off with the game, walk over ; have the game in one's off or

own

hands, have it all one's way; take or carry by storm, sweep aside all

obstacles, carry all before one,

make

work of 5 defeat 412.6, triumph short

over, prevail

over, best, beat , get the better

or best of; surmount, overcome, outmatch, rise above 6 gain the ascendancy, come out on top , get the advantage, gain the upper or whip hand, dominate the field, get the edge on or jump on or drop en , get a leg up on , get a stranglehold on ADJS 7 victorious, triumphant, triumphal, winning, prevailing; conquering, vanquishing, defeating,

overcoming; ahead of the game, ascendant, in the ascendant, in ascen-

dancy, sitting on top of the world

and

sitting pretty , dominant 612.18; successful; flushed with suc-

cess or victory 8 undefeated, unbeaten, unvanquished, unconquered, unsubdued,

unquelled,

unbowed

DEFEAT NOUNS 1 defeat;

2 discomfiture, rout, repulse, rebuff; frustration, bafflement, confusion;

checkmate, check, balk, verse, reversal, setback 3 utter defeat,

whelming

foil; re-

total defeat, over-

defeat, crushing defeat,

smashing defeat, decisive defeat; no

smearing and pasting and creaming and clobbering and shellacking and whopping and whomping ; whitewash or whitewashing , shutout 4 ignominious defeat, abject defeat, contest;

inglorious defeat, disastrous defeat, utter rout, bitter defeat, stinging defeat, embarrassing defeat 5 loser, defeatee ; the van-

game

quished; good loser,

loser,

good sport ; poor sport, poor loser; underdog, alsoran; booby and duck ; stooge and fall guy ; victim 96. 1 sport or

VERBS

6 defeat, worst, best, get the

better or best of, be too good too for;

for, be be more than a match outdo, outgeneral, outmaneuver,

much

for,

outclass, outshine, outpoint, outsail,

outrun, outfight, etc.;

knock on the head,

triumph over;

deal a death-

blow to; undo, ruin, destroy 395.10; beat by a nose and nose out and edge out 7 overcome, surmount; overpower, overmaster, overmatch; overthrow, overturn, overset; put the skids to ; upset, trip, trip up, lay by the heels, send flying or sprawling; silence, floor, deck, dust;

overcome

make

bite the

oneself, master one-

, overbear, defeat beating, drubbing,

and hiding and whipping and

thrashing; clobbering lathering

deathblow, quietus; Waterloo; failure

410

self; kick the habit 8 overwhelm, whelm, snow under

412

and

overthrow, overturn, overcoming; downfall, collapse, smash, crash, undoing, ruin, debacle, derailing, derailment; destruction 395;

fall,

lambasting and trimming and licking , trouncing; vanquishment, conquest, conquering, mastery, subjugation, subduing, subdual;

utterly, deal a

crushing or smashing defeat; discomfit, rout, put to rout, put to flight, scatter, stampede, panic; con-

found; put out of court

9 clobber, trim, skin alive, beat, lambaste, smear, shellac 10 conquer, vanquish, quell, suppress.

412.11-413.8

355 put down, subdue, subjugate, put under the yoke, master; reduce, prostrate, fell, flatten, break, smash, crush, humble, bend, bring one to his knees; roll or trample in the dust, tread or trample underfoot, trample down, ride down, ride or run roughshod over, override; have one's

ability; coordination, timing;

ness, readiness; bility,

overborne, overridden; fallen,

down; floored, silenced; undone, done for , ruined, kaput and on the skids ; all up with 15 beat, clobbered, licked,

whipped 16 shut out, skunked and blanked and whitewashed , scoreless, not on the scoreboard 17 conquered, vanquished, quelled, suppressed, put down, subdued,

subjugated, mastered; reduced, prostrate or prostrated, felled, flattened, smashed, crushed, broken; humbled, brought to one's knees 18 irresistible, overpowering, over-

413

ness; craftsmanship, artisanship;

skill,

brilliance, technical mastery, virtuosity, bravura, wizardry; brilliance

920.2; cunning 415; ingenuity, ingeniousness, resource, resourcefulness,

mastery, mastership, comcontrol, grip; steady hand; marksmanship, seamanship, airmanship, horsemanship, etc. 2 agility, nimbleness, spryness, lightwit;

mand,

ness, featliness

3

versatility, ambidexterity,

moxie , cleverness; dexterity, dexterousness or dextrousness; adroitness, address, adeptness, deftness, handiness, hand, practical

many-

sidedness, all-roundedness ,

Renaissance

adaptabilbroadhats; Renaissance man

versatility;

ity, adjustability, flexibility;

gauge,

or

4

many

woman

talent, flair, strong

flair, gift,

dowment, dowry, dower,

en-

natural

or endowment, genius, instinct, faculty, bump ; power, ability, gift

capability, capacity, potential; caliber; forte, speciality, metier, suit,

strong point, strong

strength; talents,

long

suit,

equipment, qualification;

powers, parts; the goods and

the stuff and the right stuff and what it takes and the makings 5 aptitude, inborn or innate aptitude,

innate ability, genius, aptness, felicity, flair;

bent, turn, propensity,

leaning, inclination, tendency; turn for,

capacity for, gift

for,

genius

for;

good head for, an eye an ear for, a hand for, a way

feeling for, for,

with

ness, expertise, proficiency, craft,

technical

technique, touch, technical

6 knack,

1 skill, skillfulness, expert-

workmanship,

know-how and savvy

and bag of tricks ;

tering, overmatching, avalanchine

SKILL

style, fi-

savoir-faire ; artistry; artful-

coming, overwhelming, overmas-

NOUNS

prowess; grace,

nesse; tact, tactfulness, diplomacy;

11 thwart, frustrate, dash, check, deal a check to, checkmate 1012.15

overthrown, upset, overturned, overmatched, overpowered, overwhelmed, whelmed, overmastered,

capacity, ability; efficiency;

facility,

way with

12 lose, lose out , lose the day, come off second best, get or have the worst of it, meet one's Waterloo; fall, succumb, tumble, bow, go down, go under, bite or lick the dust, take the count ; snatch defeat from the jaws of victory; throw in the towel, say "uncle"; have enough ADJS 13 lost,unwon 14 defeated, worsted, bested, outdone; beaten, discomfited, put to rout, routed, scattered, stampeded, panicked; confounded; overcome,

quick-

competence, capa-

art, hang, trick, way; touch, feel 7 art, science, craft; skill; technique,

technic, technics, technology, technical

knowledge or

skill,

technical

know-how ; mechanics, mechanism; method 8 accomplishment, acquirement, tainment; finish; coup, feat, clincher, classic; hit, smash hit

at-

413.9-413.19

356

9 experience, practice, practical knowledge or skill, hands-on experience , fieldwork; background, past experience, seasoning, tempering;

14 ace,

worldly wisdom, knowledge of

woman, handyman, Admirable

ate;

prizeman, prizetaker, prizewinner, titleholder; most valuable player or

MVP;halloffamer 16 veteran, vet , seasoned or grizzled veteran, old pro ; old hand, old-timer one of the old guard, old stager ; old

campaigner, warhorse or old warsalt and old salt and old sea dog , shellback 17 sophisticate, man of experience, man of the world; slicker and city slicker ; man-about-town; cosmopolitan, cosmopolite, citizen of horse ;

the world

VERBS

of, feel comfortable with, be at in; have a gift or flair or talent or bent or faculty or turn for, have a bump for , be a natural and be cut out or born to be , have a good head for, have an ear for, have an eye for, be born for, show aptitude or talent for, have something to spare; have the knack or touch, have a way with, have the right touch, have the hang of it, have a lot going for one , be able to do it blindfolded or standing on one's head ; have something or

929.3; diplomatist, diplomat; politician, statesman, statesperson, elder

statesman; connoisseur, cognoscente; cordon bleu ; marksman, crack shot, dead shot;

walking encyclopedia , illuminati

man or

woman

of parts, gifted person, prodigy, natural , genius, men-

plenty on the ball

genius, intellectual genius, intel-

and brain surgeon ;

phenom ;

gifted child, child

prodigy, wunderkind, whiz kid and boy wonder ; polymath

13 master, past master, grand, master; master hand, world-class performer, champion, good hand, dab hand , skilled or practiced hand,

shine in or

home

boffin , pundit, savant

scientist

at,

book , have a good command

adviser; counselor, adviser, mentor;

lectual prodigy, mental giant; rocket

18 excel in or

at , be master of; write the

tant, specialist, attache, technical

tal

medal winner, Olympic medal

winner, medalist, award winner,

Crichton accession; succession, rightful or legitimate succession; usurpation, arrogation, assumption, taking over, seizure, seizure of power, takeover, coup d'etat, coup, revolution, overthrowing; anointment, anointing, consecration, coronation; selection,

delegation, deputation, devolution.

sharing

VERBS

13 possess or wield or have authority, have power, have the power, have in one's hands, have the right, have the say or say-so , have the whip hand, wear the crown, hold the prerogative, have the mandate; exercise sovereignty; be vested or invested, carry authority, have clout , have what one says go, have one's own way; show one's authority, crack the whip, throw one's weight around and ride herd , have under one's thumb, wear the pants, have over a barrel ; rule 612.14, control, govern; supervise 573.10 14 take command, take charge, take over, take the helm, take the reins of government, take the reins into one's hand, take office, gain authority, get the power into one's hands, gain or get the upper hand, lead, take the lead; ascend or mount or succeed or accede to the throne, call the shots ; assume command, assume, usurp, arrogate, seize; usurp or seize the throne or crown or mantle, usurp the prerogatives of the crown; seize power, execute a

coup d'etat 15 authoritative, clothed or

ADJS

vested or invested with authority,

commanding, imperative; governing, controlling, ruling 6 1 2. 1 8; preeminent, supreme, administrative,

managerial, bureaucratic, rul-

superior 249.12; powerful, potent, puissant, mighty; dominant, ascendant, hegemonic, hege monistic; influential, prestigious, weighty, momentous, consequential, eminent, substantial, ing, leading,

considerable; great 247.6; important,

prominent; ranking, senior; authorized, empowered, duly constituted. official, ex officio ;

competent;

authoritarian; absolute, autocratic,

monocratic: totalitarian 16 imperious, imperial, masterful, au-

417.17-419.4

363 thoritative, feudal, aristocratic,

lordly, magistral, magisterial,

responsibility;

com-

manding; arrogant 141.9; arbitrary, peremptory, imperative; absolute, absolutist, absolutistic; dictatorial,

authoritarian; bossy , domineering, high-handed, overbearing, overruling, imperious; autocratic, monocratic, despotic, tyrannical; tyrannous, grinding, oppressive 98.24; repressive, suppressive 428. 1 1 strict, severe 425.6 17 sovereign; regal, royal, majestic, ;

purple; kinglike, kingly; imperial,

imperious; imperatorial; monarchic or monarchical, monarchal, monarchal; tetrarchic; princely, princelike; queenly, queenlike; dynastic

do or go as one

pleases, indulge oneself; be a law

unto oneself, answer to no man, undermine, arrogate; resist control; overthrow, depose, topple ADJS 5 lawless; licentious, ungoverned, undisciplined, unrestrained; permissive; insubordinate, mutinous, disobedient 327.8; uncontrolled, uncurbed, unbridled, unchecked, rampant, untrammeled, unreined, unrestrained, reinless, anything goes; irresponsible, wildcat, unaccountable; self-willed, willful, headstrong, heady, defiant; rebellious, riotous, seditious, insur-

gent

6 anarchic, anarchical, archistic;

anarchial, an-

unruly, disorderly, disor-

ganized, chaotic; antinomian;

418

nihilistic, syndicalistic, ochlocratic,

LAWLESSNESS

mobocratic; every

NOUNS

man

for himself,

ungovernable

1 lawlessness; licentious-

ness, license, uncontrol, anything

goes, unrestraint 430.3; indiscipline, insubordination, mutiny, disobedi-

ence 327; permissiveness; irresponsibility, unaccountability;

unchecked or rampant interregnum, power vacuum;

PRECEPT NOUNS 1 precept, prescript, pre-

419

scription, teaching; instruction,

direction, charge, commission, in-

willfulness,

junction, dictate; order,

will;

420

defiance of authority, lack of author-

breakdown of authority, breakdown of law and order; overthrow, coup, coup d'etat ity,

2 anarchy, anarchism; disorderliness, unruliness, misrule, disorder, disruption, disorganization, confusion,

arrogation, unruliness, riot, turmoil, chaos, primal chaos, tohubohu; antinomianism; nihilism; syndicalism, lynch law, mob rule or law, monocracy, ochlocracy; law of the jungle; dog eat dog; subversion, sedition, unrestraint, insubordination, disobe-

dience, revolution 860; rebellion

327.4 3 anarchist, anarch; antinomian; nihilist, syndicalist;

subversive, sedi-

tionary; revolutionist 860.3;

mutineer, rebel 327.5

VERBS 4

reject or defy authority,

usurp power or authority, enthrone one's own will; take the law in one's own hands, act on one's own

command

2 rule, law, canon, maxim, dictum, moral, moralism; norm, standard; formula, form; rule of action or conduct, moral precept; commandment, mitzvah ; tradition; ordinance, imperative, regulation, reg ; principle, principium, settled principle, general principle or truth, tenet, convention; guideline, ground rule, rubric, protocol,

working

working

rule,

principle, standard proce-

dure; guiding principle, golden rule;

code; gold standard

3 formula, recipe,

receipt; prescrip-

tion; formulary

ADJS 4

preceptive, didactic, instruc-

tive, moralistic,

prescriptive; pre-

script, prescribed,

mandatory,

hard-and-fast, binding, dictated; for-

mulary, standard, regulation,

official,

authoritative, canonical, statutory, rubric, rubrical, protocolary, protocolic;

normative; conventional;

ditional

tra-

364

420.1-421.5

420

call for,

COMMAND

NOUNS

cite,

together, call away; muster, invoke,

decision, bidding, behest, impera-

conjure; order up,

tive, dictate, dictation, will,

sure, say-so , word,

command;

serve; page; convoke, convene, call

word of

special order, authority

call forth, recall, call

2 injunction, charge, commission,

back, call in; requisition,

perative, compulsory, prescript,

rule, regulation; prescript, pre-

prescriptive, obligatory,

precept 419; general or-

must ;

dictated, imposed, required, en-

der

tailed, decretory; decisive, final,

4 decree, decretum, decretal, rescript, fiat, edict; law 673.3; rule, ruling,

peremptory, absolute, eternal, written, hard-and-fast, carved in stone, set in concrete , ultimate, con-

dictum, ipse dixit; ordinance;

proclamation, pronouncement, pronunciamento, declaration, ukase; bull; decree-law; senatus consult;

clusive, binding, irrevocable, with-

out appeal

13 commanding, imperious, impera-

diktat

tive, jussive,

5 summons, bidding, beck, ing, nod,

beck and

peremptory, abrupt; di-

rective, instructive;

call, call-

mandating,

dictating, compelling, obligating,

call, preconiza-

convocation, convoking;

prescriptive, preceptive; decretory,

evocation, calling forth, invocation;

decretive, decretal; authoritative

requisition, indent

417.15

court order, injunction, legal order, warrant, subpoena, citation, injunc-

tion, interdict or interdiction 7 process server, summoner VERBS 8 command, order, dictate,

direct, instruct, mandate, bid, en-

join, charge, commission, call

on or

upon; issue a writ or an injunction; decree, rule, ordain, promulgate; give an order or a direct order, issue a command, say the word, give the

word or word of command; call shots or tune or signals or play

the

; order about or around; speak, proclaim, declare, pronounce 352.12 9 prescribe, require, demand, dictate, impose, lay down, set, fix, appoint,

make

obligatory or

mandatory; decide once and for all, carve in stone, set in concrete ; authorize 443. 1 10 lay down the law, put one's foot

down , read the riot act, lower the boom , set the record straight

11

summon forth, call out;

indent

3 direction, directive, instruction,

tion;

up,

ADJS 12 mandatory, mandated, im-

mandate

scription,

summon

muster up, call up, conjure up, magic or magic up ; evoke,

plea-

417

6

send for or after, bid come;

summons , subpoena,

command, commandment, order, direct order, command 1

summon, call, demand,

preconize;

421

DEMAND

NOUNS

1

demand, claim, call; req-

uisition, requirement, stated require-

ment, order, rush order, indent ; seller's market, landoffice business; strong or heavy de-

mand,

draft, drain, levy, tax, taxing;

imposition, impost, tribute, duty, contribution; insistent

demand, rush;

exorbitant or extortionate demand, exaction, extortion, blackmail; ulti-

matum, nonnegotiable demand; tice,

no-

warning 399

2 stipulation, provision, proviso, condition; terms; exception, reservation; qualification 959 3 catch, Catch-22 4 insistence, exigence, importunity,

importunateness, importunacy, de-

mandingness, pertinaciousness, pertinacity; pressure, pressingness,

urgency, exigency 997.4; persistence 360.1 VERBS 5 demand, ask, ask for, make a demand; call for, call on or upon

421.6-422.8

365 appeal to one for; call out

one

for,

for,

cry or cry out

for,

clamor

for;

claim, challenge, require; levy, impose, impose on one for; exact, extort, squeeze, screw; blackmail; requisition,

make or put

in requisi-

tion, indent , confis-

cate; order, put in or place an order,

order up; deliver or issue an ultima-

tum; warn 399.5 6 claim, pretend to, lay claim to, stake a claim , put or have dibs on , assert or vindicate a

ance; constructive criticism

2 piece of advice, word of advice, word to the wise, words of wisdom, pearls of wisdom, verb or verbum sap , word in the ear, maxim, broad hint, flea in the ear , tip , one's two cents' worth , intimation, insinuation 3 adviser, counsel, counselor, consulhint,

tant, professional consultant, expert,

maven ,

boffin ;

provide, set conditions or terms,

mentor, nestor, orienter; confidant or confidante, personal adviser; admonisher, monitor, Dutch uncle; Polonius, preceptist; teacher 571; meddler, buttinsky

make

and yenta and kibitzer and backseat

claim or right or title to; have going for it or one ; challenge

7 stipulate,

8

tional counseling, vocational guid-

stipulate for, specifically

reservations; qualify 959.3

on or upon, stick to one's heart or mind upon;

insist, insist

, set take one's stand upon, stand on or

upon, put or lay it on the line , make no bones about it; stand upon one's rights, put one's foot down ; brook or take no denial, not take no for an answer; maintain, contend, assert; urge, press 375. 14; persist 360.2 ADJS 9 demanding, exacting, exi-

instructor, guide,

driver ; advocate

4 advisee, counselee; client VERBS 5 advise, counsel, recom-

mend,

suggest, advocate, propose,

submit, propound; instruct, coach, guide, direct, brief; prescribe; weigh in with advice , give a piece of

advice, give a hint or broad hint, hint

at,

intimate, insinuate, put a flea

one, speak words of wisdom; med-

gent; draining, taxing, exorbitant,

dle, kibitz

extortionate, grasping; insistent, in-

541.10

stant,

importunate, urgent, pertina-

, have a word with

in one's ear

; confer, consult with

6 admonish, exhort, expostulate,

re-

cious, pressing, loud, clamant,

monstrate, preach; enjoin, charge,

crying, clamorous; persistent

call

10 claimed, spoken

for; requisitioned;

requisitorial, requisitory

upon one

caveat,

vise against,

warn

ADVICE NOUNS 1 advice, counsel, recom-

422

mendation, suggestion, rede ; proposition, proposal; advising, advocacy; direction, instruction, guidance, briefing; ex-

hortation, enjoinder, expostulation,

remonstrance; sermons, sermonizing, preaching, preachiness; admonition, monition, monitory or

monitory

letter,

caution, caveat,

warning 399; idea, thought, opinion 953.6, precept; consultancy, consul-

wag

to; caution, issue

a

one's finger ; ad-

warn away, warn

off,

399.5,6, dissuade; move,

prompt, urge, incite, encourage, induce, persuade 375.23; implore 440.11 7 take or accept advice, follow advice, follow, follow implicitly, go along with , buy or buy into ; consult, confer; solicit advice, desire guidance, implore counsel; be advised by; refer to, have at one's elbow, take one's cue from; seek a second opinion; put heads together or have a powwow with , huddle ADJS 8 advisory, recommendatory;

tantship, consultation, parley 541.5,

consultative, consultatory; directive,

advisement; council 423; counseling; guidance counseling, educa-

monitorial, cautionary,

instructive;

admonitory, monitory,

warning

423.1-424.10

366

399.7 expostulative, expostulatory, remonstrati ve, remonstratory, re-

deliberative, advisory; synodal,

;

synodic, synodical

monstrant; exhortative, exhortatory, hortative, hortatory,

preachy ,

didactic, moralistic, sententious

COMPULSION NOUNS 1 compulsion, obligation,

424

obligement;

COUNCIL NOUNS 1 council, conclave, delibera-

423

tive

compulsiveness; forcing, enforcement; command performance; constraint, coaction; restraint 428; obsession

sistibility,

or advisory body, assembly; de-

liberative assembly, consultative

assembly; chamber, house; board, court, bench; foil assembly, plenum, plenary session; congress, diet, synod, senate, soviet; legislature 613; cabinet, divan, council of ministers, council of state, US Cabinet, British Cabinet; kitchen cabinet, camarilla; staff; junta, directory; Sanhedrin; privy council;

common

council, county council, parish

council, borough or city

2

irresistible force

3 coercion, intimidation, scare tactics, head-banging and arm-twisting , duress; the strong arm and

town council,

strong-arm tactics , a pistol or to one's head, the sword, the mailed fist, the bludgeon, the boot in the face, the jackboot, the big stick, the club; pressure, high pressure, high-pressure methods; violence 671; impressment

gun

council; brain trust , brains trust

, group or corps or body of advisers, inner circle; council of

committee of one 3 forum, conference, discussion group, buzz session , round table, panel; open forum, colloquium, symposium; town meeting; board meeting; powwow ; working lunch, power lunch, power breakfast

4

ecclesiastical council, chapter, classis,

conclave, conference, caucus,

congregation, consistory, convention, convocation, presbytery, ses-

force; brute force, naked force, rule

of might, big battalions, main force, physical force; the right of the strong, the law of the jungle; tyranny 612.10; steamroller ,

or municipal council, village

war; council fire; syndicate, association 617; conference 541.6; assembly 770.2; tribunal 595 2 committee, subcommittee, standing committee; select committee, special committee, ad hoc committee;

command 420; neces-

sity 963; inevitability 963.7; irre-

VERBS 4

compel, force, make; have,

cause, cause to; constrain, bind,

tie,

one's hands; restrain 428.7; enforce, drive, impel; dragoon, use tie

force upon, force one's hand, hold a pistol

or gun to one's head; brow-

beat

5

oblige, necessitate, require, exact,

demand, dictate, impose, call for, take or brook no denial; leave no option or escape, admit of no option 6 press; bring pressure to bear upon, put pressure on, bear down on, bear against, bear hard upon, put

under duress

7 coerce, use violence,

ride

sion, synod, vestry; parochial

roughshod, intimidate, bully, bludg-

council, parochial church council;

eon, blackjack; hijack, shanghai,

diocesan conference, diocesan court; provincial court, plenary council; ecumenical council; Council of Nicaea, Council of Trent, Lateran Council, Vatican Council, Vatican Two; conciliarism

ADJS 5

conciliar, council, council-

manic, alderman ic; consultative,

dragoon, carjack twist one's arm, arm-twist. twist arms, knock or bang heads, pressure 9 be compelled, be coerced, have to 963. 10; be stuck with , can't help but ADJS 10 compulsory, compulsive.

8

424.11-427.1

367

unsparing; stern, grim, austere,

compulsatory, compelling; pressing, driving, imperative, imperious; constraining, coactive; restraining 428.11; irresistible 11 obligatory, compulsory, imperative, mandatory, required, dictated, binding; involuntary; necessary 963.12;

rugged, tough ; Spartan, Spartanic; hard-line, authoritarian

417.16; meticulous 339.12 rigid, rigorous, rigorist, rig-

7 firm,

oristic, stiff,

iron, steel, steely,

ironhanded, inexorable, dour, un-

inevitable 963.15 12 coercive, forcible; steamroller and

bulldozer

hard,

hard-shell, obdurate, inflexible,

yielding, unbending, impliable, re-

and sledgehammer and

lentless, unrelenting, procrustean;

uncompromising; stubborn,

strong-arm ; violent

obsti-

nate 361.8; purist, puristic; puritan,

425

puritanic, puritanical, fundamental-

STRICTNESS

NOUNS

harsh-

ness, stringency, astringency, line; discipline, strict

hard

or tight or

rigid discipline, regimentation, spit

and polish; austerity, sternness, grimness, ruggedness, toughness

; belt-tightening; Spartanism; authoritarianism; demandingness, exactingness; meticulousness 3393 2 firmness, rigor, rigorousness, rigidness, rigidity, stiffness, hardness, obduracy, obdurateness, inflexibility, inexorability,

orthodox; ironbound, rockbound, muscle-bound, ironclad ; straitlaced, hidebound ist,

1 strictness, severity,

unyieldingness,

unbendingness, impliability, unrelentingness, relentlessness;

LAXNESS NOUNS 1 laxness, laxity, slackness,

426

looseness, relaxedness; loosening, relaxation; imprecision, sloppiness

, carelessness, remissness, negligence 340.1; indifference 102;

weakness 16; impotence 19; unrestraint 430.3 2 unstrictness, nonstrictness, undemandingness, unsevereness, unharsh-

uncom-

ness; leniency 427; permissiveness,

promisingness; stubbornness,

overpermissiveness, overindulgence,

obstinacy 361; purism; precisianism, puritanism, fundamentalism,

easygoingness, easiness; flexibility,

orthodoxy 3 firm hand, iron hand, heavy hand,

softness; unsternness, unaustereness;

pliancy

VERBS

3 hold a loose rein, give free to, give one his head, give a free course to, give rope enough to; permit all or any-

strong hand, tight hand, tight rein; tight or taut ship VERBS 4 hold or keep a tight hand upon, keep a firm hand on, keep a tight rein on, rule with an iron hand, rule with a rod of iron, knock or bang heads together ; regiment, discipline; run a tight or taut ship, ride herd, keep one in line; maintain the highest standards, not spare oneself nor anyone else, go out of one's way, go the extra mile 5 deal hardly or harshly with, deal hard measure to, lay a heavy hand on, bear hard upon, take a hard line, not pull one's punches

ADJS 6

strict,

exacting, exigent, de-

manding, not

to

be

trifled with,

stringent, astringent; disciplined, spit-and-polish; severe, harsh, dour,

rein to, give the reins

thing

ADJS 4

lax, slack, loose, relaxed; im-

precise, sloppy , careless, slip-

shod; remiss, negligent 340. 10;

weak 16.12; impountrammeled, unrestrained 5 unstrict, undemanding, unexacting; unsevere, unharsh; unstern, unaustere; lenient 427.7; permisindifferent 102.6;

tent 19.13;

sive, overpermissive, overindulgent,

soft; easy, easygoing, laid-back

; flexible, pliant, yielding

LENIENCY NOUNS 1 leniency or lenience,

427

nientness, lenity; clemency,

le-

427.2-428.7

368

clementness, mercifulness, mercy, humaneness, humanity, pity, com-

9 indulged, pampered, coddled, spoiled, spoiled rotten

passion 145.1; mildness, gentleness, tenderness, softness,

moderateness; easiness, easygoingness; laxness 426; forbearance, forbearing, patience 134; acceptance, tolerance 979.4; kid gloves, kid-glove treatment, light hand or

RESTRAINT NOUNS 1 restraint, constraint; inhi-

428

bition; legal restraint, injunction,

enjoining, enjoinder, interdict, veto;

control, curb, check, rein, arrest,

rein

arrestation; retardation, decelera-

2 compliance, complaisance, obligingness, accommodatingness, agreeableness; affability, graciosity,

slowing down; cooling and cooling off arid cooling down ; retrenchment, curtailment; selftion,

control 359.5; hindrance 1012; ra-

graciousness, generousness, de-

tioning; thought control; restraint of

cency, amiability; kindness, kindliness, benignity, benevolence

trade,

143

monopoly, protection, protec-

tionism, protective

favoring, gratification, pleasing;

pampering, cosseting, coddling, mollycoddling, petting, spoiling; permissiveness, overpermissiveness, overindulgence; sparing the rod; laissez faire

mama's

smothering,

boy, mollycoddle,

sissy; enfant terrible

, naughty

child

3

restriction, limitation, confine-

ment; Hobson's choice, no choice, zero option; circumscription 210;

tolerate, bear with 134.5

6 indulge, humor, oblige;

stint,

please, gratify, satisfy, cater to;

way to, yield to, let one have own way; pamper, cosset, coddle, mollycoddle, pet, make a lapdog of, spoil; spare the rod; make give

cramping, cramp; qualification

959

favor,

his

stifling, suffocating,

strangling, throttling; extinguish-

ment, quenching; censorship, censoring, bleeping or bleeping out , blue laws

VERBS

5 be or go easy on, ease up on, handle with kid or velvet gloves, use a light hand or rein, slap one's wrist, spare the rod, let off the hook;

wall;

2 suppression, repression, oppression; subdual, quelling, putting down, shutting or closing down, smashing, crushing; quashing, squashing and squelching ;

4 spoiled child or brat, pampered darling,

tariff, tariff

clampdown and crackdown , proscription, prohibition 444

3 indulgence, humoring, obliging;

4 shackle, restraint, restraints, fetter, hamper, trammel, trammels, manacle, gyves, bond, bonds, irons, chains, Oregon boat; stranglehold; handcuffs, cuffs, bracelets ;

few demands ADJS 7 lenient, mild, gentle, mildmannered, tender, humane, compas-

stocks, bilbo, pillory; tether, spaneel, leash,

lead res sential facts, brass tacks or nitty-

and

gritty

tence; nonbeing, unbeing, not-

5 self-existence, uncreated being, noncontingent existence, aseity,

being, nonentity; nothingness, in-

nascibility

6 mere existence, simple existence, vegetable existence, vegetation, mere tropism 7 ontology, metaphysics, existentialism VERBS 8 exist, be, be in existence, be extant, have being; breathe, live 306.8; subsist, stand, obtain, hold,

be the case; occur, be presbe there, be found, be true, be met with, happen to be 9 live on, continue to exist, persist, last, stand the test of time, abide, endure 827.6 10 vegetate, merely exist, just be, pass the time 11 exist in, consist in, subsist in, lie in, rest in, repose in, reside in, abide in, inhabit, dwell in, inhere in, be present in, be a quality of, be comprised in, be contained in, be constituted by, be coextensive with 12 become, come to be, go, get, get to prevail, ent,

be, turn out to be, materialize; be converted into, turn into 858.17;

grow 861

ADJS

NONEXISTENCE NOUNS 1 nonexistence, nonsubsis-

762

.5; be changed 13 existent, existing, in exis-

tence, de facto; subsistent, subsisting; being, in being; living 306.12;

present, extant, prevalent, current,

nothing, nullity, nihility, invalidity;

vacancy, deprivation, emptiness, inanity, vacuity 222.2;

vacuum, void

222.3; nix ; negativeness, negation, negativity; nonoccurrence, nonhappening; unreality, nonreality, unactuality; nonpresence, absence

222 2 nothing, nil, nihil , nada , naught, aught; zero, 0, cipher; nothing whatever, nothing at all, nothing on earth or under the sun,

no such thing; thing of naught 764.2 3 zilch, zip, a hill of beans 4 none, not any, none at all, not a one, not a blessed one , never a one, ne'er a one, nary one ; not a not a whit, not a hint, not a smitch or smidgen , not a speck, not a mite, not a particle, not an iota, not a jot, not a one, not a sausage , not a scrap, not a trace, not a lick or a whiff , not a shadow, not a suspicion, not a shadow of a suspicion, neither hide nor hair VERBS 5 not exist, not be in existence, not be met with, not occur, not be found, found nowhere, be absent or lacking or wanting, be null and void 6 cease to exist or be, be annihilated, bit,

762.7-764.3

634

be destroyed, be wiped out, be extirpated, be eradicated; go, vanish, be no more, leave no trace; vanish, disappear 34.2, evaporate, fade, fade away or out, fly, flee, dissolve, melt away, die out or away, pass, pass away, pass out of the picture , turn to nothing or naught, peter out , come to an end, wind down, tail off and trail off ,

nents, atoms, building blocks, parts

being, entity, unit, individual, enmonad; person, persona,

telechy,

personality, body, soul; creature,

created being, contingent being; or-

ganism, life form, living thing, life; object 1052.4 4 embodiment, incarnation, materi-

reach an all-time low; perish, ex-

alization, substantiation, concretiza-

pire, pass away, die 307.18

tion, hypostasis, reification

7 annihilate 395.14, exterminate

VERBS

395.14, eradicate, extirpate, elimi-

wipe out, stamp out, waste and take out and nuke and zap , put an end to 395.12 ADJS 8 nonexistent, unexistent, inex-

substance

ADJS 6

appreciable, palpable, ponderable;

material 1052.10; real 761.15; creismal, contingent

7 sturdy,

fancied 986.19;

obsolete, annihilated; gone,

764

for

1

unsubstantiality, ^sub-

stantiality, unsubstantialness;

imma-

teriality 1053; bodilessness,

all

incorpoteality, unsolidity, uncon-

all over with, had it , finished and phut and pffft and kaput , down the tube and down the drain and up the spout , done

and dead and done

UNSUBSTANTIALITY

NOUNS

gone;

creteness; intangibility, impalpabil ity,

imponderability; thinness,

tenuousness, attenuation, tenuity, evanescence, subtlety, subtility, fineness, airiness, mistiness, vagueness,

ethereality; fragility, frailness;

SUBSTANTIALITY

NOUNS

stable, solid, sound, firm,

durable, lasting, enduring; hard, dense, unyielding, steely, adamantine; well-made, well-constructed, well-built, well-knit; well-founded, well-established, well-grounded; massive, bulky, heavy, chunky

illusory

763

substantial, substantive;

steady, tough, stout, strong, rugged;

10 uncreated, unmade, unborn, unbegotten, unconceived, unproduced 11 no more, extinct, defunct, dead 307.29, expired, passed away; vanished, gone glimmering; perished,

for

hyposta-

ated, creatural, organismic or organ-

9 unreal, unrealistic, unactual, not real; merely nominal; immaterial 1053.7; unsubstantial 764.5; imaginary, imagined, make believe, fan-

-

forth, lend

solid, concrete; tangible, sensible,

ing; absent

tastic, fanciful,

body

to, reify, entify,

tize

nonsubsistent, unexisting,

without being, nowhere to be found; minus, missing, lacking, wanting; null, void, devoid, empty, inane, vacuous; negative, less than noth-

5 embody, incarnate, materi-

alize, concretize,

nate, liquidate,

istent,

compo-

constituents, ingredients,

3 something, thing, an existence;

flimsiness 16.2; transience 828,

ephemerality, ephemeralness,

1 substantiality, substantial-

ness; materiality 1052; substance,

body, mass; solidity, density, con-

fleet-

ingness, fugitiveness

2 thing of naught,

nullity, zero;

nobody and

nonstarter

creteness, tangibility, palpability,

nonentity,

ponderability; sturdiness, stability,

and nebbish , nonperson, un-

soundness, firmness, steadiness, stoutness, toughness, strength,

person, cipher,

durability

hollow man; flash in the pan, dud ; trifle 998.5; nothing 762.2

2 substance, stuff, fabric, material,

matter 1052.2, medium, the ble;

tangi-

elements, constituent elements.

man

of straw, jack-

straw, lay figure, puppet,

3

dummy,

spirit, air, thin air, breath,

mere

breath, smoke, vapor, mist, ether.

635

764.4-766.5 bubble, shadow, mere shadow;

VERBS

justment,

illu-

phantom 988.1 4 spiritualize, disembody,

sion 976;

form, order, repair, tenor, vein,

way of life,

dematerialize; etherealize, attenu-

fashion, style, lifestyle,

ate, subtilize, rarefy, fine, refine;

preference, thing

weaken, enervate, sap

form, shape, guise, complexion, make-up; role, capacity, character,

ADJS

5 unsubstantial, insubstantial,

nonsubstantial, unsubstanced; intangible, impalpable,

poreal, unsolid, unconcrete; weightless 298. 10; transient 828.7, ephemeral, fleeting, fugitive

6 thin, tenuous,

part;

imponderable;

immaterial 1053.7; bodiless, incor-

subtile, subtle,

evanescent, fine, overfine, refined, rarefied; ethereal, airy,

windy,

spiri-

tuous, vaporous, gaseous; air-built, cloud-built; chimerical, gossamer, gossamery, gauzy, shadowy, phantomlike 988.7; dreamlike, illusory, unreal; fatuous, inane; imaginary, fanciful 986.20

infirm 16.15

8 baseless, groundless, ungrounded, without foundation, unfounded, not well-founded, built on sand

tus,

quo, position, standing, footing, lo-

walk of life; place, place on

cation, bearings, spot, estate, station,

the ladder, standing; condition, cir-

cumstance 766; case, lot; predicament, plight, pass, pickle and picklement and fix and jam and spot and bind 2 the state of affairs, the nature or shape of things, the way it shapes up , the way of the world, how things stack up , how things

how things are, the way of way it is, like it is, where it's at , the way things are, the way of it, the way things go, how it goes, the way the cookie crumbles,

modus

5 be in or have a certain be such or so or thus, fare, go on or along; enjoy or occupy a certain position; get on or along, come on or along ; manage , contrive, make out , come through, get by; turn out, come out, stack up , shape up ADJS 6 conditional, modal, formal, state,

situational, statal

7 in condition or order or repair or shape, out of order, out of commission and out of kilter or kelter and out of

whack

CIRCUMSTANCE NOUNS 1 circumstance, occurrence, 766

occasion, event 831, incident; juncture, conjuncture, contingency, even-

condition 765.1

2 circumstances,

mode, modality; stasituation, status quo or status in 1 state,

rank,

vivendi,

VERBS

tuality;

STATE

NOUNS

modus

and bag ;

operandi

7 fragile, frail 1050.4; flimsy, shaky, weak, papery, paper-thin, unsound,

765

fettle,

shape , trim 4 mode, manner, way,

total situation, exist-

ing conditions or situation, set of conditions, terms of reference, envi-

ronment 209, environing circumstances, context, frame, setting,

surround, surrounding conditions,

parameters, status quo or status in

quo, setup; state of affairs; the pic-

whole picture, full particuand outs, ball game ,

ture, the lars, ins

the score ,

how

things stand,

lay of the land, layout, play-by-play description, blow-by-blow account

3 particular, instance, item,

detail,

point, count, case, fact, matter, arti-

stand,

cle,

things, the

ent, factor, facet, aspect, thing;

how

it is,

the status

quo or

status in

quo, the size of it ; how the land lies, the lay of the land; shape, phase, state of the art

3 good condition, bad condition; ad-

datum, element,

part, ingredi-

respect, regard, angle; minutia, minutiae , trifle, petty or trivial matter; incidental, minor detail

4 circumstantiality, specificity,

particularity,

thoroughness, minute-

ness of detail; accuracy

5 circumstantiation, itemization, particularization, specification,

766.6-767.9

636

spelling-out, detailing, anatomiza-

VERBS

6 itemize,

humor and humors; temperament,

specify, circumstan-

tiate, particularize,

go or enter

somatotype, frame, constitution, genetic makeup, system; complexion,

801

tion, atomization, analysis

temper,

spell out, detail,

into detail,

descend to

in context, atomize, anatomize;

fiber,

disposition,

ethos, genius, dharma;

particulars, give full particulars, put

spirit,

way, habit,

tenor, cast, hue, tone, grain, vein,

ana-

streak, stripe,

mold, brand, stamp; prop-

lyze 801.6; cite, instance, adduce,

kind 809.3,

document, give or quote chapter and

erty, characteristic 865.4; ten-

verse; substantiate

dency 896; the way of it, the nature of the beast

ADJS 7

circumstantial, conditional,

provisional; incidental, occasional,

contingent, adventitious, accidental,

5 inner nature, inside, insides , internal or inner or esoteric or in-

chance, fortuitous, casual, aleatory, unessential or inessential or nonessential; background

8 environmental, environing,

trinsic reality, iniety, true being, es-

sential nature,

sur-

contextual, attending, attendant, limiting, determining, parametric;

full,

what makes one

tick

, center of life, vital principle, nerve center; spirit, indwelling spirit, soul, heart, heart and soul, breast, bosom, inner person, heart of hearts, secret heart, inmost heart or soul, secret or innermost recesses

rounding, conjunctive, conjoined,

grounded, based 9 detailed, minute,

sort, type, ilk;

of the heart, heart's core, bottom or cockles of the heart; vitals, the quick, depths of one's being, guts and kishkes , where one lives ; vital principle,

particular,

meticulous, fussy, finicky or finicking or finical, persnickety, picayune,

picky , precise, exact, specific, special

life force, elan vital 6 inhere, indwell, belong to or permeate by nature, makes one

archeus,

767

VERBS

INTRINSICALITY

NOUNS

1 intrinsicality, internality,

tick

; run in the blood, run in

innerness, inwardness; inbeing, in-

the family, inherit, be born so, have

dwelling, immanence; innateness,

it

inherence, indigenousness; essentiality, fundamentality; subjectivity,

2 essence, substance,

stuff,

built that

cel of

ADJS 7

internal reality, nonobjectivity

very

be made that way, be way , be part and par-

in the genes,

intrinsic, internal, inner, in-

ward; inherent, resident, implicit, immanent, indwelling; inalienable, unalienable, uninfringeable, unques-

stuff,

inner essence, essential nature, quiddity; quintessence, epitome,

embodiment, incarnation, model,

tionable, unchallengeable, irre-

pattern, purest type, typification,

ducible, qualitative; ingrained, in

perfect

example or exemplar,

the very grain; infixed, implanted,

elixir,

flower; essential, principle, essential

inwrought, deep-seated; subjective,

principle, fundamental, hyposta-

sis, postulate, axiom; gist, gravamen, nub , nucleus, center, focus, kernel, core, pith, meat; heart, soul, heart and soul, spirit, sap, lifeblood, marrow, entelechy 3 meat and potatoes, nuts and

esoteric, private, secret

8 innate, inborn, born, congenital; native, natural, natural to, connatural, native to, indigenous;

constitutional, bodily, physical,

temperamental, organic; inbred, genetic, hereditary, inherited, bred in the bone, in the blood,

bolts

4 nature, character,

rooted; connate, connatal, coeval;

ness; constitution, composition,

characteristics, makeup, constituents, building blocks;

instinctive, instinctual, atavistic.

physique

262.4, physio; build, body-build,

running

in

the blood or race or strain, radical,

quality, such-

primal

9

essential, of the essence, funda-

768.1-769.9

637 mental; primary, primitive, primal,

coincidence, co-occurrence, concur-

elementary, elemental, simple, barebones and no-frills and bread-and-

rence, concurrency, coexistence,

basic, gut , basal, underlying;

symbiosis; parallelism; coagency 2 company, association, consociation, society, community; compan-

substantive, substantial, material;

ionship, fellowship, consortship,

butter , original,

ab ovo ,

constitutive, constituent; mandatory,

compulsory

EXTRINSICALITY

768

NOUNS

1 extrinsicality, externality,

outwardness, extraneousness, otherness, discreteness; foreignness; objectivity, nonsubjectivity,

partnership; cohabitation

3 attendant, concomitant, corollary, accessory, appendage; adjunct 254 4 accompanier, accompanist; attendant, companion, fellow, mate, comate, consort, partner; companion piece

5 escort, conductor, usher, shepherd; guide, tourist guide, cicerone; squire, esquire, swain, cavalier;

impersonality

chaperon, duenna; bodyguard, guard, convoy, muscle ; com-

2 nonessential, inessential or unessential, nonvitalness, carrying

coals to Newcastle, gilding the

panion, sidekick , fellow trav-

lily;

accessory, extra, collateral; the other, not-self; appendage, appurtenance, auxiliary, supernumerary,

supplement, addition, addendum, superaddition, adjunct 254; sub-

eler, travel

tainers; court, cohort; parasite

contingency, contingent, incidental, accidental, accident, happenstance, mere chance; superfluity, superflufifth

wheel and

tits

138.5

VERBS

on a

boar ; triviality 3 extrinsic, external, outward, outside, outlying; extraneous, foreign; objective, nonsubjective, impersonal, extraorganismic or extraorganismal; not of this world 4 unessential, inessential oY

ADJS

-

7 accompany, bear or keep one company, keep company with, companion, go or travel or run with, go together, go along for the ride , go along with, attend, wait on or upon; associate with, assort with, sort with, consort with, couple with, hang around with and hang out with and hang with , go hand in hand with; combine

nonessential, unnecessary, nonvital,

805.3, associate, consociate, con-

superfluous; accessory, extra, col-

federate, flock or

lateral, auxiliary,

supernumerary;

tious; additional,

supplementary,

supplemental, superadded, supervenient,

make-weight; secondary,

circumstantial, contingent; trivial,

in

to-

tow ,

marshal, usher, shepherd, guide, lead; convoy, guard; squire, es-

on or upon, take out ; chaperon; attend, dance attendance on

ADJS

throwaway; accidental, chance, fortuitous, casual, aleatory; indeter-

minate, unpredictable, capricious

9 accompanying, attending, attendant, concomitant, accessory,

combined 805.5, associated, coupled, paired; fellow, twin, collateral;

joint, joined 800.13, conjoint, hand-

ACCOMPANIMENT 1

8 escort, conduct, have

quire, attend, wait

subsidiary, subordinate; incidental,

NOUNS

band or herd

gether

adventitious, appurtenant, adsciti-

769

satellite,

6 attendance, following, cortege, retinue, entourage, suite, followers, followership, rout, train, body of re-

sidiary, subordinate, secondary;

ousness;

companion,

outrider

in-hand, hand-in-glove, mutual;

accompaniment, concomi-

si-

multaneous, concurrent,

tance or concomitancy, withness and

coincident, synchronic, synchro-

togetherness ; synchronism,

nized; correlative; parallel; comple-

si-

multaneity 836, simultaneousness;

mentary, accessory

770.1-770.11

638

ASSEMBLAGE NOUNS 1 assemblage, assembly,

5 flock, bunch, pack,

770

colony, host, troop, army, herd,

drove, drive, drift, trip; pride , sloth , skulk , gang , kennel , clowder , pod , gam , school or

collection, gathering, ingathering,

forgathering, congregation, assembling; concourse, concurrence, conflux, confluence,

convergence;

shoal ;

ter

6

muster; roundup,

ing

10

pile,

heap, stack, mass; mound,

hill; molehill, anthill;

bank, em-

bankment, dune; haystack, hayrick, haymow, haycock, cock, mow, rick; drift, snowdrift; pyramid 11 collection, collector's items, collectibles or collectables; holdings, fund, treasure, hoard; corpus, corpora, body, data, raw data; compilation, collectanea; ana; anthology,

florilegium, treasury, store, stockpile; Festschrift

;

chrestomathy; museum, library, zoo, menagerie, aquarium

639 12

770.12-771.1

set, suit, suite, series, outfit

and kit

up or toor dig up; drive together; put

scratch together, scrape

gether, rake or dredge

13 miscellany, miscellanea, collectanea; assortment, medley, variety, mixture 797; mixed bag, hodgepodge, conglomerate, conglomeration, omnium-gatherum , potpourri, smorgasboard; sundries, oddments, odds and ends, bits and pieces 14 assembly, assemblage; assembly line, production line; assembly-line production 15 collector, gatherer, accumulator, connoisseur, fancier, enthusiast,

pack rat and magpie , hoarder; beachcomber; collection agent, bill

round up,

corral,

together,

make

up, compile, colli-

gate; collocate, juxtapose, pair,

match, partner; hold up together,

compare 943.4 19

heap, stack, heap or or stack up; mound, hill, bank, rick; pyramid; drift; stock-

pile, pile on,

pile

bank up;

pile, build up 20 bundle, bundle up, package,

parcel,

parcel up, pack, bag, sack, truss,

wrap up, do or or bind up; roll up 21 assembled, collected, gath-

truss up; bale; wrap, •

tie

ADJS

ered; congregate, congregated;

collector, dunner; tax collector, tax

meeting, in session;

man, exciseman , customs agent; miser 484.4 VERBS 16 come together, assemble, congregate, collect, come from far and wide, come or arrive in a body;

combined

805.5; joined 800.13; joint, leagued 805.6; accumulated, cumulate,

massed, amassed; heaped, stacked, piled; glomerate, agglomerate, conglomerate, aggregate; clustered,

bunched, lumped, clumped, knotted; bundled, packaged, wrapped up; fas-

league 805.4, ally; unite 800.5; muster, meet, gather, forgather,

gang up , mass, amass; merge,

cicled, fasciculated; herded, shep-

converge, flow together, fuse; group,

herded, rounded up

flock, flock together; herd together; throng, crowd, swarm, teem, hive, surge, seethe, mill, stream, horde; be crowded, be mobbed, burst at the seams, be full to overflowing; cluster, bunch, bunch up, clot; gather around, gang around ; rally, rally around; huddle, go into a huddle, close ranks; rendezvous, date; couple, copulate, link, link up 17 convene, meet, hold a meeting or session, sit; convoke, summon, call

together

18 assemble, gather; drum up, muster, rally, mobilize; collect, collect up, fundraise, take up a collection, raise, take up; accumulate, cumulate,

amass, mass, bulk, batch; agglomerate,

conglomerate, aggregate; 805.3, network, join

combine

800.5, bring together, get together, gather together, draw or lump or batch or bunch together, pack, pack in, cram, cram in; bunch, bunch up; cluster, clump; group, aggroup; gather in, get or whip in; scrape or

22 crowded, packed, crammed; bumper-to-bumper , jampacked, packed or crammed like sardines , chockablock;

com-

pact, firm, solid, dense, close, ser-

teeming, swarming, crawling, seething, bristling, popuried;

lous, milling, full 794.

1

23 cumulative, accumulative,

total,

overall

771

DISPERSION

NOUNS

1 dispersion

or dispersal,

scattering, scatter, scatteration, diffraction; ripple effect; distribution,

spreading, strewing, sowing, broadcasting, broadcast, spread, narrowcast, publication 352, dis-

semination, propagation, dispensation; radiation, divergence 171; expansion, splay; diffusion, circumfusion; dilution, attenuation, thin-

ning, thinning-out, watering,

watering-down, weakening; evaporation, volatilization, dissipation; fragmentation, shattering, pulveriza-

771.2-772.6

640

pepperbuckshot or shotgun pattern; deployment tion; sprinkling, spattering;

powdered, dusted, specked, speckled, studded, freck-

ted, dotted,

ing,

2 decentralization, deconcentration 3 disbandment, dispersion or dispersal,

led

11 dispersive, scattering, spreading, diffractive

diaspora, separation, parting;

disorganization, disintegration 806;

population

drift,

sprawl

VERBS

4 disperse,

pative, attenuative

772

INCLUSION

NOUNS

urban sprawl, scatter, diffract;

distribute, broadcast, sow, narrow-

or difTractional, distribu-

tive, disseminative, diffusive, dissi-

breakup, split-up ; demobilization, deactivation, release, detachment; dismissal 908.2; dissolution,

comprisal,

1 inclusion,

comprehension, coverage, envisagement, embracement, encompassment, incorporation, embodiment,

member-

cast, disseminate, propagate, pass

assimilation, reception;

around or out, publish 352.10; diffuse, spread, dispread, circumfuse,

ship, participation, admission, ad-

strew, bestrew, dot; radiate, diverge

legitimization; power-sharing, en-

171.5; expand, splay, branch or fan

ablement, enfranchisement; completeness 794, inclusiveness,

or spread out; issue, deal out, dole out, retail, utter, dispense;

sow

comprehensiveness, exhaustive-

broadcast, scatter to the winds; overscatter,

overspread, oversow; sunder,

hive off

6 sprinkle, besprinkle, asperge, spatter, splatter, splash; dot, spot,

speck,

speckle, freckle, stud; pepper,

pow-

crumb, bread,

tolera-

2 entailment, involvement, implication; assumption, presumption, pre-

supposition, subsumption

VERBS

3 include, comprise, contain,

hold, take in; cover, of ground , occupy, take up, fill; fill in or out, build into,

cover a

lot

complete 794.6; embrace, encompass, enclose, encircle, incorporate,

dredge

assimilate,

7 decentralize, deconcentrate 8 disband, disperse, scatter, separate, part, break up, split up; part company, go separate ways, bug out ; demobilize, demob , deactivate, muster out, debrief, redismiss 909.18; dissolve, disorgan-

legitimatize;

constitute, ad-

share power, enable,

enfranchise, cut in

and deal

in

and

give a piece of the action ;

among, count

among,

in,

work

in;

number

take into account or consid-

4 self-contradiction,

DIFFERENCE NOUNS 1 difference, otherness, sepa-

780

counterterm

3 ; Gay

and Naughty Nineties and

culable, unreckonable, innumerable,

Nineties

incomprehensible, beyond comprehension, unfathomable; measureless,

Mauve Decade and Golden Age and Gilded Age ; Roaring

countless, sumless;

unmeasured,

unmeasurable, immense, unplumbed, untold, unnumbered, without measure or number or term; exhaustless, inexhaustible; allinclusive, all-comprehensive 864.14, universal 864.14; perpetual, eternal

829.7; mind-boggling

824

3 term, time, duration, tenure;

825 4 age, generation, time, day, date, cycle; eon or aeon; Platonic year,

Twenties and Golden Twenties and Mad Decade and Age of the RedHot Mamas and Jazz Age and Flapper Era ; Depression Era; New Deal Era; Prohibition Era 6

,

NOUNS

1 interim, interval, inter-

lude, intermission, pause, break,

time-out, recess, coffee break, halftime or halftime intermission, interruption; lull, quiet spell, resting point, point of repose, plateau, letup, relief,

vacation, holiday, time off,

off-time;

downtime; respite 20.2;

intermission, interval , entr'acte; intermezzo ; inter-

regnum

or spinning-out, lingering; perpetuation; procrastination 845.5 3 length of time, distance of time, vista or stretch or desert of time; corridor or tunnel of time 4 long time, long while, long; age and ages , aeon, century, eternity, years, years on end, time immemorial, coon's age , donkey's years , month of Sundays , right smart spell 5 lifetime, life, life's duration, life expectancy, lifespan, expectation of life, period of existence, all the days of one's life; generation, age; all one's born days or natural life VERBS 6 endure, last or last out, bide, abide, dwell, perdure, continue, run, extend, go on, carry on, hold on, keep on, stay on, run on, stay the course,

go the distance, go

through with, grind or slog on, grind or plug away; live, live on, continue to be, subsist, exist, tarry; get or keep one's head above water; per-

and hang in and hang tough ; main-

persevere; hang in

2 meantime, meanwhile, while, the while VERBS 3 intervene, interlude, interval; pause, break, recess, declare a recess; call a halt or break or intermission; call time or time-out; take five and ten, etc. and take a break

sist,

ADJS 4 interim, temporary,

well; stand the test of time tentative,

there

tain, sustain,

remain, stay, keep,

hold, stand, prevail, last long, hold out; survive, defy

or defeat time;

live to fight another day; perennate; live on, live through; wear,

7 linger on,

linger, tarry,

wear

go on, go on

and on, wear on, crawl, creep, drag, drag on, drag along, drag

provisional, provisory

DURATION NOUNS 1 durability, endurance, du-

827

ration, durableness, lastingness,

perenniality, abidingness, long-

its

slow length along, drag a lengthening chain

8 outlast, outstay,

last out,

outwear,

outlive, survive

9 protract, prolong, continue, ex-

draw

lastingness, perdurability; continu-

tend, lengthen, lengthen out,

ance, perseverance, maintenance, steadfastness, constancy, stability

out, spin out, drag or stretch out; linger on, dwell on; dawdle, pro-

855, persistence, permanence 853, standing, long standing; longevity,

crastinate, temporize, drag one's

long-livedness; antiquity, age; survival, survivability, viability, defi-

ance or defeat of time; service serviceable

mean

life,

useful

life,

life,

shelf

perpetuity 829 2 protraction, prolongation, continulife,

life;

feet

ADJS

10 durable, perdurable, lasting, enduring, perduring, abiding, continuing, remaining, staying, stable 855.12, persisting, persistent, perennial; inveterate, agelong;

ation, extension, lengthening,

steadfast, constant, intransient, immutable, unfading, evergreen, sem-

drawing- or stretching- or dragging-

pervirent,

permanent

853.7,

827.11-829.3

678 ephemerid, ephemeris, ephemerides ; mayfly; bubble, smoke; nine days' wonder, flash in the pan, passing fancy; snows of yesteryear; shooting star, meteor; ship that

perennial, long-lasting, long-

standing, of long duration or standing, diutumal; long-term;

long-lived, tough, hardy, vital,

longevous or longeval; ancient, aged, antique; macrobiotic; chronic;

perpetual 829.7 11 protracted, prolonged, extended, lengthened; long, overlong, time-

passes in the night

VERBS

6 influ-

ence, good influence; bad influence,

person or of influence, an

sinister influence;

woman or man fluential,

an

in-

affluential, a presence, a

palpable presence, a

mover and

shaker , a person to be reck-

oned with, a player or player on the scene; heavyweight, big wheel and biggie and heavy or long-ball hitter and piledriver , very important person or VIP , big shot or bigwig or big cheese ; wheelerdealer , influencer, wire-puller

; powerbroker; power behind the throne, gray eminence, eminence grise , hidden hand, manipulator, friend at or in court, kingmaker; influence peddler,

five-

percenter, lobbyist; Svengali,

Rasputin; pressure group, specialinterest group, special interests, single-issue group,

PAC

or political

action committee; lobby; the Estab-

be 575.15, superpower, lords of creation; key, key to the city, access, open sesame VERBS 7 influence, make oneself felt, affect, weigh with, sway, bias, bend, that

move,

prompt, lead; color, tinge, tone, slant, impart spin; induce, persuade 375.23, jawbone

and

twist one's

arm

and hold one's feet to the fire , work, work or bend to one's will; lead by the nose , wear down, soften up;

win friends and influence

people, ingratiate oneself

8 govern 612.12, rule, control 612.13, order, regulate, direct, guide; determine, decide, dispose; have the say or say-

and wear

the pants

; charismatize 9 exercise or exert influence, use one's influence, bring pressure to bear upon, lean on , act on, work on, bear upon, throw one's weight around or into the scale, say a few words to the right person or in the right quarter; charismatize;

draw, draw on, lead on, magnetize;

approach, go up to with hat in hand, make advances or overtures, make up to or get cozy with ; get at or get the ear of ; pull strings or wires or ropes, wire-pull ; lobby, lobby through; wheel and deal 10 have influence, be influential, carry weight, weigh, tell, count, cut ice, throw a lot of weight , have a lot to do with or say about ; be the decisive factor or the one that counts, have pull or suction or drag or leverage ; have a way with one, have personality or magnetism or charisma, charm the birds out of the trees, charm the pants off one , be persuasive; have an in , have the inside track ; have full play; have friends in high places 11 have influence or power or a hold over, have pull or clout with ; lead by the nose, twist or turn or

wind around

lishment, ingroup, court, powers

incline, dispose, predispose,

have veto power over, have the word, call the shots and be in

have

one's

little ringer,

in one's pocket,

one's thumb,

make

keep under up and beg or

sit

down and roll over; hypnotize, mesmerize, dominate 612.15 12 gain influence, get in with , ingratiate oneself with, get cozy with ; make peace, mend fences; lie

move make a

gain a footing, take hold,

in.

take root, strike root

dent

in;

gain a hearing,

in,

make

one's voice

make one sit up and take nobe listened to, be recognized; get the mastery or control of, get the inside track , gain a hold upon; change the preponderance, turn the scale or balance, turn the tables ADJS 13 influential, powerful 18.12, affluential, potent, strong, to be heard, tice,

894.14-896.4

723

no-account, without any weight,

reckoned with; effective, effectual, efficacious, telling; weighty,

mo-

mentous, important, consequential, substantial, earth-shattering, presti-

gious, estimable, authoritative, rep-

featherweight, lightweight

4 uninfluenceable, unswayable, unmovable; unpliable, unyielding, inflexible; unpersuadable 361.13,

utable; persuasive, suasive,

impersuadable, impersuasible, unre-

personable, winning, magnetic,

ceptive, unresponsive,

charming, enchanting, charismatic 14 intelligence,

sprightly wit

tility,

sober-mindedness; savvy,

smarts

24.2

in-

head, brain, mentality, con-

sciousness; wise

man 92 1

.

1

academic, savant, scholar, walking encyclopedia VERBS 10 have all one's wits about one, have all one's marbles and have smarts or savvy , have a head on one's shoulders and have one's head screwed on right ; have method in one's madness; use one's head or wits, get or keep one's wits about one; know what's what, know the score , be wise as a serpent or an owl; be reasonable, listen to reason 11 be brilliant, scintillate, sparkle, corintellectual, thinker,

uscate

ADJS

12 intelligent, intellectual;

ideational, conceptual, conceptive,

discursive; sophic, noetic, phrenic;

5 wisdom, ripe wisdom, seasoned understanding, mellow wisdom, wiseness, sageness, sapience, good or sound understanding; Sophia

INTERNATIONAL

THESAURUS

8

Revised and updated Contains more than 230,00 words Includes slang, idiom, parts of speech,

and technical terms Compact and portable Easy-to-use format, including index for quick referencing

Edited by Barbara

Ann Kipfer,

Ph.D.

Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D., Consulting Editor

www.harpercollins.com ISBN 0-06-085172-4

9

»780060»85172

9

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