The Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries of Kent, Volumes I and II 9781407358161, 9781407358178, 9781841717104, 9781407320397

Table of contents :
VOLUME I
Cover Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Charts
Part I: Background
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: A history of research on the Kentish cemeteries
Chapter 3: Theoretical methodological approaches
Chapter 4: Anglo-Saxon Kent; the historical context
Part II: Chronology
Chapter 5: Dating and the development of Kentish material culture
Chapter 6: Kentish Phases
Part III: Landscape and Sites
Chapter 7: The Kentish landscape and the archaeological record
Chapter 8: Prehistoric and Roman Kent
Chapter 9: Anglo-Saxon settlement in Kent
Chapter 10: Location and distribution of cemetery and burial sites
Part IV: Analysis of Graves
Chapter 11: The data sample
Chapter 12: Human remains
Chapter 13: Graves and structures
Chapter 14: Grave goods
Chapter 15: Assemblages of grave goods
Chapter 16: Graves, assemblages and social status
Part V: Discussion
Chapter 17: Discussion
VOLUME II
Cover Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Plates
List of Figures
List of Maps
Appendix 1: Gazetteer of Anglo-Saxon semeteries and burial sites in Kent
Appendix 2: Catalogue of graves (Sites A-C)
Appendix 3: Index of Sites
Appendix 4: List of museums and bodies holding material from the Kentish cemeteries
Appendix 5: Bibliography and list of abbreviations
Appendix 6: Maps and Figures

Citation preview

The Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries of Kent Volume I

Andrew Richardson

BAR British Series 391 2005

BAR

PUBLISHING

P ref ace . T h i s w o rk w a s o r ig ina l ly s ubm i t ted a s ad oc to ra l t h e s i s t ot h e U n iv e r s i ty o f Wa le s , C a rd if f , i n2 000 . C hap te r s 1 16 o fv o lume Ir ema in l a rg e ly u nchang ed , a l though s ome a mendmen t s h ave b een m ade i n t h e l i gh t o fc ommen t s b y K e i th P a rf i t t . T he a moun t o fw o rk t h a t w ou ld h ave b een r e qu i r ed t of u l ly r e v i se t h e se c hap te r s t oi n c lude n ew ly p ub l i shed o re xcava ted m a t e r ia l , a sw e l l a s my o wn d eve lop ing i d ea s , w ou ld p robab ly h ave m ean tt h a tt h i st i t le n eve rs aw t h e l i gh to fd ay a s ap ub l i shed w o rk . T he se c hap t e r ss hou ld t h e ref o r eb er e ad i nt h e l i gh to ft h ei n f o rma t ion t h a tw a s a va i lab le u pt o1 999 . C hap t e r 1 7 h a s b een r e v i sed , p r inc ipa l ly t o i n c lude a n a s se s smen t o f s ome o ft h e m e ta lwo rk t h a t h a s b een r e co rded b yt h eP or tab le A n t iqu i t ie s S cheme i nK en ts i nce 1 997 . A l so ,t h eg az e t t ee ro fs i t e s i nv o lume Ih a s b een b rough t a s u p to -da t e a s p o s s ib le , w i th t h e i n c lu s ion ( h opef u l ly ) o fa l l s i t e s d i scove r ed b e tw een 2 000 a nd Ma r ch 2 005 , p l u s d e ta i l s o n a dd i t iona l d i scov e r ie s m ade a tp r ev iou s ly k nown s i t e s d u r ing t h i sp e r iod . I n ev i tab ly , s i nce 2 000 my t h ink ing o nm any t h ing sh a sm ov ed o ns omewha t , a nd i fIw a sw r i t ing t h e se v o lume s n ow Ia m s u re Iw ou ld h ave d one s om e t h ing s d i f f e ren t ly . I np a r t icu la r , m y e xpe r ience a s F i nd s L ia i son O ff i ce r f o r K en t w ou ld h ave l e d m e t o m ak e a n e f f o r t t o d i s t ingu i sh b e tween t h o se i s o la t ed f i nd st h a ta r e , i na l p r obab i l i ty , s imp ly s i ng le f i nd sr e p r e sen t ing c a sua l l o s se s , a nd t h o se w h ich d o s e em t o i n d ica te t h e p r e sence o f ad i s tu rbed g r ave o r g r ave s . T he b u lk o f P o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie s r e co rd s f r om K en th ave n o tb een i n c luded w i th in t h e g az e t tee ro fs i t e s , a st h e m a jo r i ty d o a ppea rt ob e t h er e su l to fc a sua l l o s s . H ow eve r , w he r e s u ch r e co rd sd o i n d ica t et h ep r e sence o f ac eme t e ry ( s uch a s a tB road S t r ee t ,n ea rH o l l ingbou rne ) ,t h ey h ave b een i n c luded . T he n umbe r o fs i te s , g r ave s r ema in s ag r ea t d ea l o fw o rk c anno t h ope t oa sk , l e t a l on e w i l lr e ga rd i ta sh av ing m ade

a nd f i nd s f r om t h e A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod i nK en t i sv e ry g r ea t a nd t h e r e t ob e d one o n t h i s i mpor tan tb ody o fa r chaeo log ica l m a t e r ia l . T h i s w o rk a n swe r , a l t h e q ue s t ion s t h a tt h i s m a t e r ia l p o se s , b u t Ih ope t h a t r e ade r s au s ef u lc on t r ibu t ion t ot h et a sk . A nd rew R icha rd son D ove r A p r i l2 005

A cknow ledgemen t s . Many i n d iv idua ls a nd o rgan i sa t ion s g ave i n va luab le a s s is tance d u r ing t h e c ou r se o fw r i t ing t h is w o rk a nd Ia m i n deb ted t oa l o ft h em . My s upe rv i so r a tt h e S choo l o fH is to ry a nd A rchaeo logy a tC a rd if f w a s D r A lan L ane , w ho g ave h e lp a nd g u idance w heneve r i tw a s n eeded . Many m u seums a nd l i b ra r ie s , a nd t h e I n s t i tu te o fA rchaeo logy a tO xf o rd , w e re m o s t h e lpf u l i n a l low ing a cce s s t o t h e i r r e co rd s a nd c o l lec t ion s . Ia m a l so e spec ia l ly g r a tef u l t oK e i th P a rf i t t f o r r e ad ing ad raf ta nd p rov id ing m any h e lpf u lc ommen t s . T he H uman i t ies R e sea rch B oa rd o ft h e B r i t i sh A cademy , w i thou tw h ich t h is w o rk c ou ld n o th ave b een c omp le ted , p rov ided f ind ing . P l a te Ii sc opy r igh to ft h eN a t iona l Mu seum s L ive rpoo l . F igu r e 1i sc ou r te sy o fP e te r I nke r . F igu re 2 i sa f t e r B akka 1 958 . F igu re s 3a nd 5 a r e a f t e r S on ia C hadw ick H awke s , w i th t h e p erm i s s ion o fh e r l i t e ra ry e xecu to r . T he d raw ing s i nF igu re 4 a r e a f t e r R icha rd A ven t a nd L es l ie Web s te r . F igu re 6 i s u s ed w i th t h ep e rm i ss ion o fH e in r ich H ä rke . T he d r aw ing s i nF igu re s 7 ,8 ,1 a nd 1 2 a r e u s ed w i th t h e p e rm i s s ion o fK e i th P a rf i t t , V e ra E v i son a nd B r ian P h i lp . F igu r e 9i sa f t e r Ä be rg 1 926 . F i gu re 1 0 i s a f t e rH a rden 1 956a . T he s i te p l an s i nF igu re s 1 3 , 1 7 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 2 8 a nd 2 9 a r e r e p roduced f r om v o lume s o fA rchaeo log ia C an t iana . F igu re 1 4 i sc omp i led f r om F rank J enk in s s i te n o te s h e ld b yt h e Mu seum o f C an te rbu ry . F igu re 1 5 i sr e p roduced f r om as i te p l an b y L e s l ie Webs te r . F igu re 1 6 i su sed w i th t h e p e rm i s s ion o f Ma r t in We lch . F igu re s 1 8a nd 2 0 a r e u sed w i th t h e p e rm iss ion o fK e i th P a rf i t t . F igu r e 1 9i sc our te sy o fV e ra E v i son . F igu re 2 1 i su sed w i th t h e k i nd p e rm is s ion o fB r ian P h i lp . F i gu re 2 2 i s c omp i led f r om s i te n o te s h e ld b y F o lke s tone Mu seum . F igu re 2 3 i sc omp i led f r om s i te n o te s h e ld i n D a r tf o rd L ib ra ry . F igu re 2 4 i sc omp i led f r om s i te n o te s h e ld i n Ma id s tone Mu seum . D ave P e rk in s k i nd ly g ave p e rm is s ion t ou se p l an s a nd d raw ing s f r om h i s u npub l ished m anu sc r ip t o n t h e L o rd o ft h e Mano r C eme te ry f o r F igu re s 2 7 , 3 2 a nd 3 . F igu re 3 1 i sa f t e r H oga r th 1 973a . T he p l an o fg r ave 3 8 f r om M i l l H i l l i nF igu r e 3 i su sed w i th t h e p e rm i s s ion o fK e i th P a rf i t t . Map s 3 ,8 ,9 , 1 0 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 5a nd 1 6w e re p roduced b y K en tC oun ty C ounc i l u s ing d a ta s upp l ied b yt h e a u tho r . Iw ou ld l i ke t o t h ank my w if e J u l ie , a nd m y p a ren t s , f o r t h e i r s uppor t a nd u nde r s tand ing o ve r t h e s eve ra ly ea r st h a t i th a st a ken t oc omp le te t h e se v o lume s .

T h i sw o rk i sd ed ica ted t o Emma May a nd L ucy Megan , a nd t ot h em emo ry o ft h e R eve rend B ryan F au s se t t .

1

C on ten t s ,v o lume I P ar tI : Background Chap ter 1 :I n troduc t ion i . i . i i .

S cope O b jec t ive s T he i mpor tance o ft h eK en t i sh c eme te r ie s

1 1 2

Chap ter 2 : Ah i s tory o fr e search o nt he Ken t i sh c eme ter ie s i . i . i i . i v . v . v i . v i i .

I n t roduc t ion E a r l ie s td i scove r ie s B ryan F au s se t t J ame sD oug la s 1 9f ic en tu ry e xcava t ion sa nd d i scove r ie s T he 2 0t hc en tu ry S umma ry

3 3 3 5 6 7 8

Chap ter 3 : Theore t ica l a nd me thodo log ica l a pproache s i .

I n t roduc t ion T heo re t ica la pp roa che st ot h ea na ly s i so fA ng lo -Saxon m o r tua ry r ema in s T he d a taba se s

1 0 1 0 1 2

Chap ter 4 : Ang lo -Saxon Ken t ; t he h i s tor ica lc on tex t I . i . i i . i v . v . v i . v i i .

I n t roduc t ion T he K en t ish o r ig in m y th S i x th -cen tu ry K en t T he C onve r s ion T he K ingdom o fK en t , 7t ht o9 . . th c en tu r ie s K en ti nl a te A ng lo -Saxon E ng land S umma ry

1 4 1 4 1 5 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 7

P ar tI : Chrono logy Chap ter 5 : Da t ing a nd t he d eve lopmen to f ma ter ia lc u l ture i . i . i i . i v . v . v i . v i i .

I n t roduc t ion P r ev iou sc h rono log ica ls c heme sa nd s t ud ie s A r ts t y le so nm e ta lwo rk C o in -da ted g r ave s i nK en t D eve lopmen to fm a t e r ia lc u l tu re T he d eve lopmen to ft h eK en t i sh s qua re -headed a nd d i sc b r ooche s C onc lu s ion s

1 1

1 8 1 8 2 1 2 6 2 7 3 3 5

Chap ter 6 : Ken t i sh P ha se s i . i . i i .

I n t roduc t ion D ef in i t ion o fP ha se s D i scu s s ion

3 6 3 6 4 0

P ar tI I : L andscape a nd S i te s Chap ter 7 : The Ken t i sh l and scape a nd t he a rchaeo log ica l r ecord i . i . i i . i v . v .

I n t roduc t ion L and scape o ve rv iew L and scape r e g ion s E f f ec to ft h el a nd scape o nt h ea r chaeo log ica lr e co rd C onc lu s ion s

4 2 4 2 4 3 4 7 4 8

Chap ter 8 :P reh i s tor ic a nd Roman Ken t i . i . i i . i v .

I n t roduc t ion P reh i s to r ic K en t R omano -B r i t ish K en t K en ta tt h eb eg inn ing o ft h e 5t hc en tu ry

4 9 4 9 5 1 5 4

Chap ter 9 : Ang lo -Saxon s e t t lemen ti n Ken t i . i . i i .

I n t roduc t ion A ng lo -Saxon s e t t lemen t s i nK en t C onc lu s ion s

5 5 5 8

Chap ter 1 0 : L oca t ion a nd d i s tr ibu t ion o fc eme tery a nd b ur ia ls i te s i . i . i i . i v . v .

I n t roduc t ion G ene ra ld i s t r ibu t ion D i s t r ibu t iona la na ly s i s L oca t iona la na ly s i s C onc lu s ion s

5 9 5 9 6 2 6 9 7 6

P ar tI V : Ana lys is o f Grave s Chap ter 1 1 : The d a ta s a mp le i . i . i i . i v . v . v i .

I n t roduc t ion S amp le q uan t i ty a nd q ua l i ty I n huma t ion a nd c r ema t ion Mu l t ip le g r ave s D i s tu rbance o fg r ave s S umma ry

8 7 8 7 9 0 9 2 9 4 9 6

i v

Chap ter 1 2 : Hu man r e ma ins i . i . i i . i v . v . v i .

I n t roduc t ion D emog raphy S t a tu re P a laeopa tho logy B u r ia lp o s i t ion S umma ry

9 7 9 7 1 00 1 02 1 0 3 1 07

Chap ter 1 3 : Graves a nd s t ruc ture s i . i . i i . i v . v . v i . v i i .

I n t roduc t ion O r ien ta t ion B a r row sa nd s t ruc tu ra lf e a tu r e s G rave d imen s ion s C of f in s A n ima lb one sa nd o t he rd epo s i t s S umma ry

1 08 1 08 12 1 24 1 29 1 32 1 3 5

Chap ter 1 4 : Grave g ood s i . i . i i .

I n t roduc t ion A na ly s i so fg r ave g ood s S umma ry

1 37 1 37 1 67

Chap ter 1 5 : A sse mb lage s o fg rave g ood s i . i . i i . i v .

I n t roduc t ion Me thodo logy A s semb lag et y pe s S umma ry

1 69 1 69 1 70 2 08

Chap ter 1 6 : Graves ,a s semb lage s a nd s oc ia ls t a tus i . i . i i .

I n t roduc t ion A na ly s i so fg r ave s ,s t ruc tu re sa nd a s semb lage s S umma ry

2 10 2 10 2 48

P ar tV : D i scuss ion Chap ter 1 7 : D iscuss ion i . i . i i .

I n t roduc t ion D i scu s s ion I nc onc lu s ion -T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te r ie so fK en t

2 49 2 49 2 56

T ab le s : T ab le 1 :G rave C ode s -d a ta f i e ld s T ab le 2 :C h rono log ica l s c heme sf o rK en t , 1 9 13 1987 T ab le 3 :G rave sa s s igned b yB rugmann t oP ha se sI 1V T ab le 4 :Q uo i tB rooch S t y le s ub -g roup s T ab le 5 :G rave sc on ta in ing p o s t -Roman c o in sf r om K en t T ab le 6 :B rooch t y pe s i nK en t T ab le 7 :A ng lo -Saxon g l a s sv e s se lt y pe s T ab le 8 :L a te a nd e a r ly 5t hc en tu ry b u r ia ls i t e s T ab le 9 :A ng lo -Saxon s e t t lemen ta r cha eo logy i nK en t T ab le 1 0 : S i te c a tego r ie sa nd l o ca t ion T ab le 1 : D i s t r ibu t ion o fs i te sb yl a nd scape r e g ion T ab le 1 2 : Mean so fd i scove ry o fs i te s T ab le 1 3 : D is t r ibu t ion o fs i te t y pe s T ab le 1 4 : C eme te r ie sw i th 56'c en tu ry g r ave sa nd /o rf i nd s T ab le 1 5 : F ac ing o fs i te s T ab le 1 6 : P rox im i ty o fs i te st ol a nd scape f e a tu r e s T ab le 1 7 : S i t e sa s soc ia ted w i th o t he ra r cha eo log ica l s i t e s /f ea tu r e s T ab le 1 8 : S i te sw i th r e co rded g r ave s T ab le 1 9 :N umbe ro fi n te r -cu t t ing b u r ia l sb yc en tu ry T ab le 2 0 :N umbe r so fs e xed s k e le ton sb ys i t e T ab le 2 1 : A ge a td ea th T ab le 2 2 : I n d iv idua l so ve r5 0y ea r so fa g e T ab le 2 3 : A du l ts t a tu re T ab le 2 4 : Weapon i n ju r ie sa tE cc le s T ab le 2 5 : A ge a nd s ex p a t te rn ing ,e x tended s up ine b u r ia l s T ab le 2 6 : A ge a nd s ex p a t te rn ing , f l exed s up ine b u r ia ls T ab le 2 7 : A ge a nd s e xp a t te rn ing , f l exed o rc r ouched o n s i de T ab le 2 8 : A ge a nd s ex p a t ter n ing ,o t he rb u r ia lp o s i t ion s T ab le 2 9 :N umbe ro fc h i ld ren /ma le s /f ema le s i ne ach p o s i t iona lc a t ego ry T ab le 3 0 : S umma ry , g r ave o r ien ta t ion T ab le 3 1 : O r ien ta t ion a nd d a te T ab le 3 2 : G rave sw i th n on -Ea s tf a c ing o r ien ta t ion s T ab le 3 :N umbe ro fb a r row sa nd b u r ia l su nde rb a r row s i nd a taba se ,b ys i te T ab le 3 4 : B a r row s -r e co rded d imen s ion s T ab le 3 5 : B u r ia l su nde rb a r row sb ys ex ,a g ea td ea th ,a nd d a te T ab le 3 6 : S t ruc tu ra lf e a tu re si ng r ave s T ab le 3 7 : S t ruc tu ra lf e a tu re so fg r ave s T ab le 3 8 : F requenc ie so fs t r uc tu ra lt y pe s T ab le 3 9 : G rave s t ruc tu r e s -s e xa nd a ge a td ea th T ab le 4 0 : G rave s t ruc tu r e s -d a t ing T ab le 4 1 : Mean d imen s ion sb ya ge a nd s e x T ab le 4 2 : S i t e sw i th c off in s T ab le 4 3 : C of f in s ,a ge a td ea th ,a nd s ex T ab le 4 4 : C off in s -d a t ing T ab le 4 5 : A n ima lb one s i ng r ave s T ab le 4 6 : S i t e sa nd c on tex t so fa n ima lr ema in s T ab le 4 7 : A n ima la nd o t he rd epo s i t s -a ge a nd s e x T ab le 4 8 : G rave sw i th a n ima lr ema in sa nd o t he rd epo s i t s -d a t ing T ab le 4 9 : Ma t r ix o fb u r ia lf e a tu r e s

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1 3 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 6 3 0 3 2 5 4 5 5 9 6 0 6 1 6 3 6 5 7 0 7 1 7 3 8 -90 9 5 9 8 9 9 1 00 1 0 1 1 0 3 1 04 1 0 4 1 0 5 1 06 1 06 1 08 10 1 1 1 3 14 15 17 18 1 2 1 1 22 1 2 3 1 2 8 1 3 0 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 1 3 6

T ab le 5 0 : Weapon c omb ina t ion s T ab le 5 1 : P ropo r t ion so fw eapon c omb ina t ion sb yr e g ion T ab le 5 2 : Weapon c omb ina t ion sb ya ge T ab le 5 3 : P rov i s ion o fw eapon sb yd a te T ab le 5 4 : P ropo r t ion o fg r ave sw i th w eapon s , &w eapon c omb ina t ion s ,b yd a te T ab le 5 : B rooch ,p endan ta nd b r ac tea te c omb ina t ions T ab le 5 6 : B rooch t y pe si nK en t T ab le 5 7 : B rooch c omb ina t ion sb ya ge T ab le 5 8 : B rooch c omb ina t ion sb yd a te T ab le 5 9 : C omb ina t ion so fd r e s sa c ce s so r ie s T ab le 6 0 : D re s sa cce s so r ie sa nd a ge a td ea th T ab le 6 1 : D a t ing o fb u r ia l sw i th d r e s sa c ce s so r ie s T ab le 6 2 : B e l ta nd s t rap f i t t ing s T ab le 6 3 : B e l ta nd s t rap f i t t ing sb ya ge T ab le 6 4 : B e l ta nd s t rap f i t t ing s -d a t ing T ab le 6 5 : K n ive s , a ge a nd s e x T ab le 6 6 : B u r ia l sw i th k n ive s -d a t ing T ab le 6 7 : G i rd le a cce s so r ie s -a ge a nd s ex d i s t r ibu t ion T ab le 6 8 : G i rd le a cce s so r ie s -d a t ing T ab le 6 9 : R ing s -a ge a nd s ex a s soc ia t ion s T ab le 7 0 : R ing s -d a t ing T ab le 7 1 : T oo l s -a ge a nd s ex a s soc ia t ion s T ab le 7 2 : Weav ing e qu ipmen t -a ge a nd s ex a s soc ia t ion s T ab le 7 3 : A ge a nd s ex a s soc ia t ion s -p e r sona le qu ipmen t T ab le 7 4 : T oo l s -d a t ing T ab le 7 5 : Weav ing e qu ipmen t -d a t ing T ab le 7 6 : P e r sona le qu ipmen t -d a t ing T ab le 7 :V e s se ls a nd c on ta ine r s -a ge a nd s ex a s soc ia t ion s T ab le 7 8 :V e s se l sa nd c on ta ine r s -a ge a nd s e xs umma ry T ab le 7 9 :V e s se l sa nd c on ta ine r s -d a t ing T ab le 8 0 : Amu le t sa nd k eep sake s -a ge a nd s ex a s soc ia t ion s T ab le 8 1 : Amu le t sa nd k eep sake s -d a t ing T ab le 8 2 : G rave sw i th g am ing p i ece s / in s t rumen t s T ab le 8 3 : C o in s -d a t ing T ab le 8 4 : G rave g ood s -s ex a nd a ge T ab le 8 5 : O ccu r rence o fa r tef a c tc a t ego r ie s i nt h es amp le T ab le 8 6 : C r i te r ia f o ra s semb lage c l a s se s T ab le 8 7 : C la s sI a l ,a 2a nd a 3a s semb lage s T ab le 8 : C la s sI a 4a nd a 5 a s semb lage s T ab le 8 9 : C la s sI b1 ,b 2 ,b 3 a nd b 4a s semb lag e s T ab le 9 0 : C la s sI b 5 ,b 6a nd b 7a s semb lage s T ab le 9 1 : C la s sI c 1 ,c 2a nd c 3a s semb lage s T ab le 9 2 : C la s sI c 4a s semb lage s T ab le 9 3 : C la s sI c 5 a s semb lag e s T ab le 9 4 : C la s sI da s semb lag e s T ab le 9 5 : C la s sI e ,f and ga s semb lage s T ab le 9 6 : C la s sI a l ,a 2a nd a 3a s semb lage s T ab le 9 7 : C la s sI a4 a s semb lage s T ab le 9 8 : C la s sI a5 a s semb lage s T ab le 9 9 : C la s sI a6 a s semb lage s T ab le 1 00 : C la s sI b1 ,b 2a nd b 3 a s semb lage s

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T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le

1 0 1 : 1 02 : 1 0 3 : 1 04 : 1 05 : 1 06 : 1 07 : 1 08 : 1 09 : 10 : 1 1 : 12 : 13 : 14 : 15 : 16 : 17 : 18 : 19 : 1 20 : 1 2 1 : 1 22 : 1 23 : 1 24 : 1 25 : 1 26 : 1 27 :

T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le T ab le

1 28 : 1 29 : 1 30 : 1 3 1 : 1 32 : 1 3 3 : 1 34 : 1 35 : 1 36 : 1 37 : 1 38 : 1 39 : 1 40 : 1 4 1 : 1 42 : 1 43 : 1 44 :

C la s sI b4 ,b 5 a nd b 6a s semb lage s C la s sI ca s semb lage s C la s sI d1 ,d 2a nd d 3 a s semb lag e s C la s sI d4 a nd d 5 a s semb lage s C la s sI e l ,e 2a nd e 3a s semb lage s C la s sI e4 a s semb lage s C la s sI e5 a s semb lage s C la s s Is umma ry C la s s Ma a s semb lage s C la s sl ab , ca nd da s semb lage s C la s sH ie a s semb lage s C la s sI If a s semb lage s C la s sI Va s semb lage s C la s sV aa s semb lage s C la s sV ba s semb lage s C la s sV c 1a nd c 2a s semb lage s C la s sV c3 a nd c 4a s semb lage s C la s sV Ia s semb lage s C ompa r ison o fb u r ia lv a r iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sI C ompa r i son o fb u r ia lv a r iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sI C o r re la t ion b e tween c l a s s Ia s semb lage s ,a ge ,a nd b u r ia lp o s tu re C ompa r i son o fb u r ia lv a r iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sI I C ompa r i son o fb u r ia lv a r iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sI V C ompa r i son o fb u r ia lv a r iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sV C ompa r ison o fb u r ia lv a r iab le s , a s semb lage c l a s sV I C ompa r i son o fb u r ia lv a r iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sV I I D i s t r ibu t ion o fa s semb lage c l a s se s , 5 th t o 8t hc en tu r ie s A s semb lage s : c h rono log ica ld i s t r ibu t ion A s semb lage s ,d emog raphy a nd g r ave s -s umma ry E s t ima ted n umbe r sa s soc ia ted w i th a s semb lage s I n f an t sa ged 0 1 y ea r s -s umma ry C h i ld r en a ged 1 6y ea r s -s umma ry C h i ld r en a ged 6 12 y ea r s -s umma ry J uven i le sa ged 1 2 18 y ea r s -s umma ry A du l t sa ged 1 8 -30 y ea r s -s umma ry A du l t sa ged 3 0 -50 y ea r s -s umma ry A du l t sa ged 5 0+ y ea r s -s umma ry C ompa ra t ive s umma ry o fa ge g r oup s S co re sf o ra r tef ac ta s semb lage s S co re sf o rg r ave m od if ica t ion sa nd c on ten t s G rave sc on ta in ing e x cep t iona l ly r i ch a s semb lage s O ve ra l ls t a tu ss c o r e s S t a tu ss co re sb ya s semb lage c l a s s S t a tu ss co re sa nd a s semb lage s , We s ta nd E a s tK en t , 5c h _6t ha nd 7t h. 8 t h

T ab le 1 45 : S oc ia ls t ruc tu re s umma ry

1 8 5 1 86 1 87 1 88 1 89 1 90 1 9 1 1 9 1 1 9 3 1 94 1 95 1 96 1 99 2 02 2 03 2 03 2 05 2 06 2 11 2 13 2 14 2 17 2 18 2 19 2 20 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 22 2 25 2 26 2 27 2 29 2 30 2 32 2 34 2 36 2 37 2 38 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 42 2 43 2 44 2 46 2 47

v i i i

C har t s : C ha r t 1 :F requency o fb u r ia l sb yp ha se s C ha r t2 :P rox im i ty t or ou teway C ha r t3 :P rox im i ty t of r e sh w a t e r C ha r t4 :P rox im i ty t op a r i sh b ounda ry C ha r t5 :P rox im i ty t op a r i sh c hu r ch C ha r t6 :P rox im i ty t oc oa s t C ha r t7 :P rox im i ty o fs i te sw i th in 1 000m o fr o u teway C ha r t8 :P rox im i ty o fs i te sw i th in 1 000m o ff r e sh w a te r C ha r t9 :P rox im i ty o fs i te sw i th in 1 000m o fp a r i sh b ounda ry C ha r t 1 0 : P rox im i ty o fs i te sw i th in 1 000m o fp a r i sh c hu r ch C ha r t 1 : C a tego r ie so fg r ave d i s tu rbance C ha r t 1 2 :N umbe ro fg r ave sb yo r ien ta t ion C ha r t 1 3 : G rave l e ng th C ha r t 1 4 : G rave w id th C ha r t 1 5 : G rave d ep th C ha r t 1 6 : A s semb lage c l a s sb yc en tu ry ( % ) C ha r t 1 7 : A s semb lage c l a s sb yc en tu ry ( a b so lu t e )

i x

4 1 7 8 7 9 8 0 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 9 4 1 09 1 2 5 1 26 1 27 2 23 2 24

C hap t e r 1

Chap ter 1 :I n troduc t ion . i .S cope . T h i sw o rk i sc once rned w i th t h ec em e te r ie s , b u r ia ls i t e s ( s i te s w i th 3o rl e s s k nown b u r ia l s ) a nd g r ave s o fA ng lo -Saxon K en t . I te ncompa s se s w i th in i t ss c ope a l k nown c eme t e ry a nd b u r ia l s i t e s w i th in t h e p r e 1974 b ounda r ie s o fK en t , w h ich d a t e t ob e tween t h e 5 t ht h a nd 11 t h c en tu r ie s AD . F ind s o fo b jec t s t h a t m ay h ave b een d e r ived f r om g r ave s , b u t w ho se c on t ex t i su nce r ta in , a r e a l so c on s ide r ed , s i nce i n m any c a se st h e se a r e l i k e ly t ob ef r om u nd i scove r ed g r ave s o rc eme t e r ie s . T he p r ima ry f o cu s i so nt h e p r e -chu r chya rd b u r ia l g round so ft h ee a r ly t om id A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod s ( t ha ti s ,t h e 5t ht o 8t h c en tu r ie s ) , a nd a s t udy o f t h e m a jo r i ty o f r e co rded b u r ia l s f r om t h i s p e r iod i si n c luded . T h i s s t udy i sn o t c on cer n ed w i th ad e ta i led a pp r a i sa l o fu na ccompan ied c hu r chya rd b u r ia l s , a nd t h u st h e se h ave n o tb een i n c luded i ne i the rt h e d a taba se w h ich f o rm st h e b a s i s f o rt h e a na ly s i s o fg r ave s , o rt h e l i s to fg r ave s i n A ppend ix 2 . H oweve r , K en t i sh c hu r chya rd s w i th k nown o rp robab le A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s h ave b een i n c lud ed i nt h ed i scu s s ion o fs i t ed i s t r ibu t ion a nd l o ca t ion i nC hap t e r 1 0 , a nd i nt h eg az e t t ee ro fs i t e s i n A ppend ix 1 . T h i s i si no rd e rt oh e lp s e tt h ee a r l ie rs i t e si n to aw ide rh i s to r ica lc on tex t ,a nd t oa vo id a ny a r b i t ra ry c u to f fi nt h el i s to fs i t es . N e i the ri st h i sw o rk c oncer n ed w i th ad e ta i led s t udy o rr e a s se s smen to ft h e m anuf a c tu r e , a r th i s to ry , o r c h rono logy o f t h e m any t h ou sand s o f i n d iv idua l g r ave g ood s t h a t h ave b een f o und i nK en t . T he p a t t e rn so fd epo s i t ion o fg r av eg ood s ,a nd t h ep o s s ib le r o le sa nd m ean ing sw h ich t h ey h e ld i nt h eb u r ia l r i t e , a r e a na ly sed a nd d i scu s s ed a nd i ti sh oped t h a t am ove t owa rd s ac l o se r u nde r s tand ing o ft h e i r s o c ia l , c u l tu ra la nd e t hn ic s i gn if i cance c an b eg a in ed . G rave g ood s a r e d i scu s sed w i th r e f e r ence t ot h e g en e ra l c h rono log ica l f r amewo rk w h ich u nd e r l ie s t h i s s t udy , b u tt h e q uan t i ty a nd v a r ie ty o ft h e g r av e g ood s t h a t h av e b een f ound i nK en t m ak e s i n -dep th d i scu s s ion o fp a r t icu la r o b jec t s a nd a r t s ty le s t o o g r ea t at a sk f o r aw o rk o ft h i s s c ope . S uch d i scu s s ion s a r e b e t te r l e f tt oc o rpu se s o fm a t e r ia l a nd t o c eme t e ry r e po r t s . K en t f o rm s aw ide p en in su la a tt h e s ou th -ea s t c or n e r o ft h e B r i t i sh I s le s , a nd i st h e c l o se s t p a r t o ft h e B r i t i sh m a in land t oc on t inen t a l E u rope ( s ee Map 1 ) . W i th in i t sb ounda r ie s , at o ta l o f2 90 d ef in i t e o r p o s s ib le A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s i t e s h ave b een i d en t if i ed . O ft h e se , 7 7 a r e c eme t e r ie s , 1 9 a r e p o s s ib le c eme t e r ie s , 7 8 a r e b u r ia l s i t e s w i th l e s s t h an 4k nown g r ave s , 3 7 a r e p o s s ib le b u r ia l s i te s , a nd 6 5 a r e f i nd s po t s t h a t may s i gn if y t h e p r e sence o fb u r ia l s . I n a dd i t ion , 1 4 s i t e s a r e c hu rchya rd s t h a t h av e p r oduced b u r ia l s a nd /o r f i nd s o fk nown o rp o s s ib le A ng lo -Saxon d a t e . T he se s i te s a r e a l n umbe r ed , a r es hown o n Map 2 ,a nd a r el i s ted i n ag az e t t ee r( Append ix 1 ) . T og e the r t h e se s i t es h av e y i e lded m any t h ou sand s o fg r ave s ( p e rhap s 5 7000 ) , e xcava t ed d u r ing t h e le , 1 9t h a nd 2 0t h c en tu r ie s . O ft h e se , a bou t4 100 h ave b een r e co rded . J u s t u nde r 3 000 o ft h e se h ave b een i n c luded i nt h e s amp l e o fg r ave s a na ly sed i nP a r t I V o ft h i s v o lume , a l l o fw h ich ( p lu s as ma l l n umbe ro fo t h e r s )a r e c a ta logued i nA ppend ix 2 . T h i sr e p re sen t s as ub s tan t ia l s amp le o ft h e e xcava t ed a nd r e co rded b u r ia l so fA ng lo -Saxon K en t . i . Ob jec t ive s . T he p r ima ry o b jec t ive o ft h i ss t udy i st oc o l la t ea nd a na ly se a sm u ch a sp o s s ib le o ft h er e co rded d a ta o n t h eA ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie so fK en t . O ld d a ta , f r om e xcava t ion sa nd s ou r ce s o ft h e 1 8t h,1 9t h a nd e a r ly 2 0t hc en tu r ie si si n c luded , a l ong w i th m o r er e cen tm a t e r ia l . T h i sa pp roach d oe sm ean t h a td a ta o fv e ry v a r iab le q ua l i ty i si n c luded w i th in t h e s t udy p a rame t e r s . H owev e r , t h e a im i st ou t i l i se a sm uch o ft h e a va i lab le i n f o rma t ion a s p o s s ib le ; s ome s i t e s a r e o n ly k nown t h rough p a s s ing r e f e r en ce s i n o l d j ou rna l s , b u tt oe xc lude t h em r e nde r s o u rp i c t u r eo ft h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme te r ie s o fK en t l e s s c omp le t e t h an i tn eed b e . F u r th e rmo r e , t h e d i spa ra t e a nd d i spe r sed n a tu r e o ft h e s ou rce s o fi n f o rma t ion , b o th p ub l i shed a nd u npub l i sh ed , h a s f o r l o ng p r ov ided a b a r r ie r t o s y s tema t ic s t udy o f t h e K en t i sh c eme te r ie s . I ti sh oped t h a t t h i s s t udy w i l l c on t r ibu te t oc l a r if y ing m any i n accu rac ie s , u nce r ta in t ie s , a nd c omp lex i t ie s t h a t s u r round t h e se s i te s a nd p rov ide a p l a tf o rm f r om w h ich f u tu re s t ud ie s c an p r og re s s . B u th opef u l ly t h i sw o rk g oe sf u r the rt h an t h a t . V a r iou sa s sump t ion st h a th ave b een m ade a bou tA ng lo S axon c eme te r ie s , a nd K en t i sh o ne s i np a r t icu la r , a r e t e s t ed a ga in s t as y s t ema t ic b ody o fd a ta , r a the r t h an ar andom a nd u n r ep r e sen ta t ive s ub se t , a sh a s o f t en b een t h e c a se . B y l o ok ing a tt h e d i s t r ibu t ion a nd l o ca t ion o fs i t e sw i th in t h e l a nd scape , a nd a tt h ep a t te rn s o fc on s t ruc t ion o f , a nd d epo s i t ion w i th in ,

1

C hap te r 1

t h e g r ave s , i ti sh oped t om ove c l o se rt oa n u nde r s tand ing o ft h em ean ing a nd r o le o ft h e b u r ia l r i t e i n A ng lo -Saxon s o c ie ty i nK en t . i i . T he i mpor tance o ft he K en t i sh c eme ter ie s . T he p r ox im i ty o fK en t t o E u rope h a s m ade i t ac ondu i t f o r t h e f l ow o fm a t e r ia l s , p eop le a nd i d ea s b e tween B r i ta in a nd E u rope f o r much o fi t sh i s to ry . T h i s h a s o f t en c omb ined w i th K en t 's g eog raph ic i s o la t ion f r om t h e r e s t o fs ou the rn E ng land , w i th mo s t o fi t sb o rde r s s u r rounded b y s e a , t op roduce a c u l tu ra l ly a nd p o l i t ica l ly d i s t inc tr e g ion . T h i s s e em s t oh av e b een e s pec ia l ly t h e c a se d u r ing t h e E a r ly Med ieva l p e r iod , w hen , b e tween t h e 5t h t o 8t h c en tu r ie s , K en t e n joyed p o l i t ica l i n depend ence a s a n A ng lo -Saxon k i ngdom . T he h i s to r ica l a nd a r chaeo log ica l e v iden ce c omb ines t os ugge s tt h a t f o rp a r t s o ft h e 6t h a nd 7t h c en tu r ie st h i sk i ngdom w a st h ed om inan tp owe ri ns ou ther nE ng land . T he q ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty o fg r ave g ood s t h a t h ave b een f o und i nK en t i sh g r ave s o ft h i s p e r iod , m any m anuf a c tu red i n K en t , a nd m any i mpo r t ed f r om t h e C on t inen t , s ugge s t t h a t K en t i sh s oc ie ty w a s m a t e r ia l ly a nd c u l tu ra l ly w ea l th ie r t h an n e ighbou r ing E ng l i sh r e g ion s . F o r m u ch o ft h e 6t h a nd 7t h c en t u r ie s , K en t a ppea r st oh ave h e ld av i r tua lm onopo ly o v e rm any i mpo r t ed i t em s a nd t oh ave h ad c l o se p o l i t ica l a nd c u l tu ra l l i nk st ot h e F rank i sh K ingdom s . T hu s , b o th a r chaeo log ica l ly a nd h i s to r ica l ly , K en tc a n a ppea r v e ry d i s t inc t f r om n e ighbou r ing a r ea s o fA ng lo -Saxon E ng land . I nt e rm s o ft h e K en t i sh c eme te r ie s , t h i s d i s t inc t iv ene s s p e rhap s r e nde r s t h em m o r e i n t e re s t ing , b u t a tt h e s ame t ime r educe s t h e i r w ide r s i gn if i cance , t o t h e s c ho la r o f A ng lo -Saxon E ng land o r p o s t -Roman E u rope . A nd i ts h ou ld b e r emembe r ed t h a t , w h i l s tt h e se s i t e s d o c on ta in t h e p o t en t ia l t os h ed l i gh t u pon a s pec t s o fA ng lo -Saxon a nd n o r the rn E u ropean G e rman ic c u l tu r e , t h ey w e r e f i r s t a nd f o r emo s t t h e l o ca l b u r ia l g r ound s o ft h e i n hab i tan t so fK en t . T he l o ca la s pec to ft h e i ri d en t i ty h a s , i nt h ep a s t ,o f t en b een i g no red a tt h ee xpen se o f d i scu s s ion s a bou t m ig ra t ion s , t r ade l i nk s a nd e t hn ic i ty . Wh i l s t t h e se f a c to r s a r e v a l id t o p ic s o f d i scu s s ion , i tw a s a sr e po s i to r ie s f o r t h e d i spo sa l o ft h e d ead o fs u r round ing c ommun i t ie s t h a t t h e se b u r ia l g r ound s w e r e e s tab l i shed a nd u sed . Wha t ev e r t h e u l t ima te e t hn ic a nd c u l tu ra l o r ig in s a nd a f f in i t ie s o ft h o se c ommun i t ie s , t h e i r p r ima ry i d en t i ty , f o r m o s t o ft h e p e r iod i nq ue s t ion , i sl i k e ly t o h ave b een ' Ken t i sh ' . I tw a s t h e i n hab i tan t s o f K en t ( o r ap o r t ion o f t h em ) w ho e s tab l i shed a nd m a in ta ined t h e se s i te s , a t tended a nd p e r f o rmed t h e f u ne ra l r i t e s a tt h em a nd w ho w e re b u r ied i nt h em . T hu s , t h e p r ime i mpo r tance o ft h e se c eme t e r ie s a nd b u r ia l s i sa s as ou rce o fi n f o rma t ion a bou t K en t a nd i t si n hab i tan t s , d u r ing t h e5 t h 1 0h , 7t h a nd 8t h c en tu r ie s AD .

2

C hap t e r2

C hap ter 2 : Ah i s tory o fr e sear ch o nt he K en t i sh c eme ter ie s . I .I n troduc t ion . T h i s c hap te r o u t l ine s t h e r e co rded w o rk , b o th i nt e rm s o f f i e ldwo rk a nd r e sea r ch , w h ich h a s b een c a r r ied o u to nt h eK en t i sh c em e t e r ie s ,m o s t ly d u r ing t h e 1 8t h,1 9t ha nd 2 0t h c en tu r ie s . i .E ar l ie s td i scover ie s . T he e a r l ie s t k nown d i scove ry o f ap o s s ib le A ng lo -Saxon g r ave i nK en t w a s r e co rded b y S i r T homa s B rowne ( 1605 -82 ) , i n h i s ' Wo rk s ' v o lume I I ( B rowne 1 884 ) , w h ich s t a t e s t h a t " . . .a b a r row w a s o pened [ o n B a rham D own s ] i nt h e d ay s o fH en ry V I I I . . .and al a rg e u r n w a s f o und u nde r i t . . ." . I r on o b jec t s w e re a l so s a id t o h av e b een f o und w i th t h e u r n . T he m o s t p robab le e xp lana t ion f o r t h i s d i scove ry ( i f t h e r e co rd i sa c cu ra te ) w ou ld b e aB ronz e A g e c r ema t ion u nde r ab a r row , w i th a s e conda ry A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l i n se r ted . T he e xa c t l o ca t ion o n B a rham D own s , o ra ny o t he r d e ta i l , i s i mpo s s ib le t oe s tab l i sh , b u tt h i s r e co rd d oe s d emon s t ra t e t h a tb a r row d i gg ing w a s g o ing o n i nK en t a s e a r ly a st h e 1 6t h c en tu ry , a nd i ti sl i ke ly t h a t a n u nknown n umbe r o fA ng lo -Saxon b a r row s m ay a l so h av eb een d ug i n to a se a r ly a st h i s . H ow ev e r , t h e r e a r e n o r e co rd s o fa ny f u r the rd i scove r ie s i nK en t u n t i lt h e 1 8t h c en tu ry . T he r e a r e s u rv iv in& r e co rd s o f an umbe r o fd i scov e r ie s o fA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s a nd f i nd s d u r ing t h e f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 1 8m c en tu ry . Many o ft h em w e re o n ly r e co rded y ea r s l a te r , a nd t h ey p robab ly o n ly r e p r e sen t as ma l l p o r t ion o ft h e t o ta l d i scove r ie s m ade d u r ing t h i s p e r iod . T he e a r l ie s t d i scov e r ie s a ppea rt oh ave b een t h er e su l t so fc hance f i nd s ; ah oa rd o fA ng lo -Saxon a nd Me rov ing ian c o in s , w h ich m ay h ave c ome f r om o ne o rm o r eg r ave se xpo sed b yc oa s ta le r o s ion , w e re f ound a r ound t h ey ea r 1 700 , a tR ecu lve r ( Ban e ly 1 745 ) . I n 1 703 , aw a lk e r d i scov e r ed as ku l l i n ah o l low o n T remwo r th D own , C runda le ( Fau s se t t 1 856 ) , w h ich p romp ted as ma l l e xcava t ion b yt h e R ec to ro fC runda le a nd , l a t e rt h e s ame y ea r , t h e E a r l o fW inche l sea , r e su l t ing i nt h e d i scove ry o f 5i n huma t ion s . As i ng le g r ave w a s f o und a tB ough ton -unde r -B l ean i n1 7 16 , a nd t wo w e r e f o und a tB ough ton A luph i n 1 7 19 -20 , b u t t h e m ean so fd i scove ry f o rt h e se g r ave sa r en o tr e co rded . T he p r e sence o fv i s ib le b a r row m ound s a tm any s i t e s d i d , f r om a tl e a s tt h e e a r ly 1 8t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , b eg in t oa t t ra c t i n te r e s t . I n 1 7 14 , ap a rk -keepe ra tG r eenw ich d ug i n to s ome b a r row s i nt h e p a rk , a nd w a s s a id t oh ave f ound " . .ob jec t s o fv a lue . . ." ( Doug la s 1 793 ) . W i l l iam S t uke ley ( 1687 1765 ) n o ted t h ep r e sence o fa bou t3 0b a r row sa tS t . Ma rga r e t 's -a t -C l if f e s ome t ime p r io rt o1 724 , b u tt h e se w e r en o t e x cava ted u n t i ld ecade s l a te r . I ti sn o tu n t i lJ une 1 7 30 t h a tw eh ave ar e co rd o f as y s t ema t ic a t t emp ta t t h ee xcava t ion o fs ome A ng lo -Saxon b a r row s i nK en t . T h i st o ok p l a ce o n C ha r tham D own s , w hen t h e l a ndowne r , M r C ha r le s F agg , h ad a bou t 2 6 b a r row s o pened ( wo rkmen h ad d i scove red as k e le ton t h e p r ev iou s y ea rd u r ing r oad w iden ing , w h ich h ad p r e sumab ly a r ou sed i n te re s t a nd l e d t ot h e s ub sequen t e x cava t ion ) . T he d i g w a s a tended b y aD r . Mo r t ime r , w ho m ade s ome n o te s o ft h e w o rk , r e co rd ing t h ec on ten t s o f 6g r ave s ( A -F ) i n d iv idua l ly . A l so p r e sen ta tt h e d i gw a s a n i n te r e s t ed t e n -yea r -o ld b oy c a l led B ryan F au s se t t . i i .B ryan F au s se t t . T he R eve r end B ryan F au s s e t t( 1 720 -76 ) e xcava ted a nd s y s tema t ica l ly r e co rded o ve r 7 30 A ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion s i ne a s t K en t , m o s t o ft h em b a r row g r ave s , b e tw een t h e y ea r s 1 757 t o 1 773 . D e ta i led a c coun t s o fF au s se t t 's l i f ea nd t h e s ub sequen tf a te o fh i sc o l lec t ion a nd r e co rd s h ave b een g i ven b yt h e l a t e S on ia H awke s ( Hawk e s 1 990 ) a nd b y M icha e l R hode s ( Rhode s 1 990 ) a nd w i l l o n ly b e o u t l ined h e r e . B ryan F au s se t t 's b i r thp lac ea nd f am i ly e s ta te w a s a tH epp ing ton , a bou t4 km d u e s ou th o ft h e c en t re o f C an te rbu ry . Af t e r s t udy ing a tO xf o rd , o rd ina t ion i n 1 746 a nd b e ing p r e sen ted w i th t h e l i v ing o f A bbe rbu ry , S h rop sh i re i n1 748 , F au s se t t r e tu rned t oK en t i n1 750 f o l low ing t h e d ea th o fh i s f a the r . Af t e r h i s m o the r 's d ea th i n 1 76 1 h e o b ta ined f u l l c on t ro l o f t h e f am i ly e s ta te . H e s howed l i t t le e n thu s ia sm f o r l i f e a s av i ca r , i n s tead t u rn ing i n c r ea s ing ly t ow ha t h e c a l led h i s ' h obby h o r se ' , t h e e x cava t ion o ft h e l a rge b a r row c eme te r ie s w h ich l a yo nt h e D own s w i th in af ew m i le s o fh i s h ome , i n w h ich h e h ad b een i n t e re s t ed s i nce a tl e a s tt h e a g e o f1 0 , w hen h e h ad a t tended F agg 's e xcava t ion s a t C ha r tham ( Hawke s 1 990 ) . H i s i n t e r e s t a ppea r s t oh ave b een r e newed a f t e r h e w a s m ade c u ra t e a t K ing s ton i nl a te 1 750 . H en o ted al a rg e g r oup ( s eve ra lh und r ed )o fb a r row s o n K ing s ton D own ,t ot h e

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e a s t o f a nd o ve r look ing t h e v i l lag e ( Fau s se t t 1 8 56 ) . I n 1 755 , ay ea r b ef o re h e l e f t K ing s ton , h e a pp roa ched T homa s B a r r e t t , t h e l a ndowne r , w i th a r e que s t t oe xcava te t h em , b u t t h i s w a s r e f u sed ( Ba r r e t th ad o pened s ome h im se lf a bou t 1 0y ea r sb ef o r e , b u te v id en t ly f e l t i tw rong t od i s tu rb a ny m o r e o fw ha th ec on s ide r ed t ob e S axon o rD an i sh g r ave s ) . T hu s F au s se t t 's d i gg ing c a r ee r d i d n o t a c tua l ly b eg in w i th b a r row c eme te r ie s . V i s i t ing h i s f r i end , t h e R ec to ro fC runda le , i nJ une 1 7 57 , F au s se t ta s ked t ob e s hown t h e s i te o ft h e d i scove r ie s m ad e i n1 703 ( a nd s ub sequen t ly 1 7 13 ) o n T r emwo r th D own . R ea l i s ing t h a t o n ly v e ry f ew g r ave s h ad t h u s f a r b een e x cava ted a tt h e s i te , a nd i nt h e h ope t h a t m any m o r e r ema ined , F au s se t t r e tu rned t h e n ex t d ay ( J un e 1 4t h 1 757 ) t os upe rv i se h i s f i r s t ( o r f i r s t r e co rded ) e xcava t ion ( F au s se t t 1 856 ) . U s ing h i r ed l a bou r e r s ( a s h e w a s t od o i na l l h i s s ub sequen t d i g s ) , F au s se t t o ve r saw t h e e xcava t ion o f 1 0 R oman c r ema t ion b u r ia l s , a nd as i ng le i n huma t ion ( g rav e 1 ) w h ich c on ta ined 2 R oman p o t s , s ome o y s t e r s h e l l s , a nd s ome n a i l s . T en d ay s l a te r h e r e tu rned a nd af u r the r 4g r ave s ( 1c r ema t ion a nd 3 i n huma t ion s ) w e r e e xcava t ed . S ub sequen t ly ,h ee xcava t ed a tt h es i te i nO c tobe ro ft h e s ame y ea ra nd a ga in i nA p r i l 1 759 , d i scove r ing f u r the r g rave s , t o b r ing t h e t o ta l f r om t h e s i te t o 1 c r ema t ion s ( a l l R oman ) , a nd 1 5 i n huma t ion s . F au s se t t r e cogn i sed t h e p o t t e ry f r om t h i s s i te a s b e ing o f R oman , o r R omano -B r i t i sh o r ig in , a nd a s sumed t h a tt h e i n huma t ion s w e r e o f as im i la r d a te . I nf a c t s ome , a nd p robab ly a l , w e r e o fA ng lo -Saxon d a te , a s w e r e a l t h e i n huma t ion s r e co rd ed i nF au s se t t 's s ub sequen t d i gg ing c a r ee r . H ow eve r , F au s se t t w a s n eve rt or e a l i se t h i s , d y ing i nt h e b e l ief t h a tt h e h und r ed s o fg r ave s h e h ad s o c a r ef u l ly e xcava t ed a nd r e co rded w e r e t h o se o f ' B r i ton s R oman ized ' o r ' Roman s B r i ton iz ed ' . N one the le s s , F au s se t t 's m e thod ica l a nd s y s tema t ic a pp roach t o e xcava t ion , h i s u nd im in i shed e n thu s ia sm d e sp i te t h e f a c t t h a t m o s t g r ave s c on ta ined v e ry f ew f i nd s o r n one , a nd h i s s c rupu lou s r e co rd ing o f h i s w o rk ( n umbe r ing a nd w r i t ing n o t e s o n e a ch i n d iv idua l b u r ia l , i n c lud ing t h o se c on ta in ing n o o b jec t s ) w e r e d ecade s a head o fh i s t i me . T he q ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty o fh i s w o rk , a nd t h e l e ga cy o fd a ta i tl e f t , w e r ea sg ood a s , a nd u sua l ly b e t t e r , t h an m o s tf i e ldwo rk a nd r e co rd ing c a r r ied o u t i nK en tu n t i lt h em id 2 0t hc en tu ry . F au s se t t 's f i r s tr e a l ly e x t en s ive e xcava t ion s t o ok p l a ce a tG i l ton , n ea rA sh , f r om A p r i l 1 760 o nwa rd s . T h i s s i te h ad b een b rough t t o h i s a t t en t ion b y r e po r t s o f f i nd s f r om a s andp i t a nd , a f t e r a n i n i t ia l i n ve s t iga t ion o ft h e s i te i n 1 759 , h e l a unched as e r ie s o fe xcava t ion s b e tween 1 760 -63 , d i gg ing a nd r e co rd ing 1 06 g r ave so f 6t ha nd 7t hc en tu ry d a t e . T he m a jo r i ty o fF au s se t t 's w o rk ,h oweve r , w a sc a r r ied o u t o n s eve ra l l a rge g roup s o fb a r row s t h a t w e r e s t i l l a tt h a t t ime v i s ib le o n t h e D own s o fe a s t K en t . A l l t h e se s i t e s ( a s w e l l a st h e o t he r s i n ve s t iga ted b y F au s se t t ) l a y w i th in e a sy t r ave l l ing d i s tance o f F au s se t t 's h ome ( p e rhap s n o m o r e t h an ac a r r iag e d r ive a way ) , t h e f u r the s t b e ing s eve r a l c l u s te r s o f b a r row s e i th e r s i de o ft h e b ounda ry b e tween S i be r t swo ld ( o r S hephe rd swe l l ) a nd B a rf r i s ton p a r i she s ( t he m oder n p a r i she s b e ing S hephe rd swe l l -w i th -Co ld r ed a nd E y tho rne , a pp rox ima te ly 1 3km f r om H epp ing ton ) . T he se s i te s , a nd H epp ing ton , a r e s hown o n Map 3 . I tw ou ld a ppea r t h a t F au s se t t w a s u nw i l l ing , o rm o r e l i ke ly l a ck ed s u ff ic ien tr e sou r ce s , t oc a r ry o u t d i g s a ny f u r the rf r om h i sh ome . I ti s p o s s ib le , t h en , t h a tt h e n umbe ra nd d i s t r ibu t ion o fs i t e s w he r e t h e m a jo r i ty o fg r ave s w e r e c ove red b y b a r row s w ou ld h ave b een r a the r w ide r t h an t h e r e co rd s s ugge s t , s i nce a ts i te s o u t s ide o ft h e a r ea o f a c t iv i ty o fF au s se t t ( a nd l a te r D oug la s ; s e e b e low ) b a r row s m ay h av e b een p l oughed o u t b y t h e 1 9t h c en tu ry ( s ee C hap te r 1 0 ) . D u r ing 1 764 F au s se t t h ad e xcava ted f o u r b a r row s a tC ha r tham D own , w he re h e h ad w a t ched F agg 's e xcava t ion s a s ab oy ( h e e xcava t ed af u r the r4 9 b a r row s a tt h i s s i t e i nO c tobe r 1 773 , h i s l a s t d i g ,j u s t o ve rt wo y ea r sb ef o re h i sd ea th ) . B y 1 767 h i sf r i end R eve rend W .D . B y r ch h ad b ecome t h en ew o wne r o ft h e l a nd w i th t h e b a r row s a tK ing s ton a nd F au s se t t o b ta ined h i s l o ng h e ld w i sh t o e x cava t e t h em , o pen ing 5 4 b a r row s d u r ing A ugu s t a nd S ep tembe r . H e r e tu rned i n 1 771 , a nd a ga in i n 1 7 72 , t o e x cava t e a l t h e v i s ib le b a r row m ound s a tK ing s ton , b r ing ing t h e t o ta l n umbe r d ug s i nce 1 767 t o2 63 . O nA ugu s t 5t h 1 771 , F au s se t t 's m any y ea r so fd i gg ing w e r er ewa rd ed b yt h e d i scove ry o ft h eK ing s ton B rooch , ac ompo s i t e d i sc b r ooch , r e ga rded a s o n e o ft h e f i ne s t p i ece s o fA ng lo -Saxon j ew e l l e ry y e t f o und ( s ee P l a te I ) . I n J u ly 1 77 1 F au s se t t e xcava t ed a g r oup o f 9b a r row s a l ong s ide t h e D ove r t o C an te rbu ry r o ad a t B ou rne P a rk , B i shop sbou rne ( Bou rne P a rk A ) , a nd n o t ed t h e p r e sen ce o fa bou t 1 00 mo re t ot h en o r th w e s t ( Bour n e P a rk B ) . I n J u ly a nd A ugu s t 1 772 , a f t e r o b ta in ing p e rm i s s ion f r om t h e l a ndowne r , F au s se t t b egan e xcava t ion o f t h e b a r row g r oup s a t S i be r t swo ld a nd B a rf r i s ton ( b ecau se o f t h e i r p r ox im i ty t oe a ch o t he rt h e se a r et r ea t ed a so ne s i t e i nA ppend ix 1 ) . B e tween J u ly 1 3t h a nd A ugu s t 3r d, h eh ad at o ta l o f2 19 b a r row s o pen ed a tt h i s s i t e . D u r ing 1 773 , i nh i s f i na l s e a son o fd igg ing , F au s se t t e xcava ted an umbe r o fb a r row s o n A d i sham D own , B eke sbou rne ( Bek e sbou rne I ) ,a nd t h e r ema in ing

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b a r row s a t S ibe r t swo ld a nd C ha r tham . H av ing d educed t h a t g r ave s w i thou t b a r row s p robab ly l a y a mong s tt ho se w i th s u rv iv ing m ound s ,h eh ad b yt h en d eve loped am e ta lp robe w i th w h ich t ol o ca te t h e g r ave c u t s ( a l l h i s s i te s l a y o n C ha lk , w i th s ha l low t o p so i l s , m ak ing s u ch ap robe e f ec t iv e ) . U s ing t h i s , h e l o ca ted 7f l a tg r ave sa tS i be r t swo ld a nd af u r the r4 5 a tK ing s ton ( a s w e l l a s 2a tB ek e sbou rn e ) . A g e a nd g ou t n ow g o t t h e b e t te r o fh im , h oweve r , a nd t h e r e i sn o r e co rd o fh im c a r ry ing o u t a ny f u r the rd i g s b eyond 1 773 ( a l though t h e r e w e r e s ome 6t h c en tu ry f i nd s f r om P o s t l ing i nh i s c o l lec t ion , t h e d e ta i l s o ft h e f i nd ing o fw h ich a r e u n r eco rd ed ; w he the rt h ey w e re e x cava t ed b y F au s se t t , o rw e re m e r e ly o b ta ined b yh im , i su nknown ) . B ryan F au s se t td i ed e a r ly i n1 776 . D e sp i te a n a temp tb yJ ame s D oug la st op u r cha se h i s c o l lec t ion i n t h e e a r ly 1 780 's , t h e f i nd s g a the red b y F au s se t t i nh i s c a ree r r ema ined a th i s f am i ly h ome u n t i l 1 854 , w hen t h ey w e re p u r cha sed b yJ o seph Maye r , aL iv e rpoo l g o ld sm i th a nd p h i lan th rop i s t ( Rhode s 1 990 ) , l a rg e ly a tt h e i n s t iga t ion o fC ha r le s R oa ch Sm i th , al e ad ing a n t iqua r ian ( t he B r i t i sh Mu seum h av ing d ec l ined t op u r cha se t h em ) . S ub sequen t ly , May e r p a id f o r t h e p ub l ica t ion o fF au s se t t 's m anu sc r ip t s , w h ich R oach Sm i th e d i ted ;t h e se w e r ep ub l i shed a sI n ven to r ium S epu lch ra le i n1 856 . T he c omb ina t ion o fF au s se t t ' s e n thu s ia sm f o r , a nd s y s tema t ic a pp roa ch t o , t h e d i gg ing o fb a r row s a nd g r ave s , a nd t h e i n te rven t ion o fJ o seph Maye r a nd C ha r le s R oa ch Sm i th i np r e se rv ing h i s c o l lec t ion ( n ow h ou sed i nL ive rpoo l m u seum ) a nd p ub l i sh ing h i s r e co rd s , h a s l ef t a n i mp re s s ive b ody o fd a ta w h ich w ou ld o t herw i se h av e b een l o s t t ou s . I ti su n l ike ly t h a t t h e s i te s h e e xcava t ed w ou ld h ave s u rv iv ed t o b e p rope r ly e x cava ted ; c e r ta in ly t h e v i s ib le b a r row s d i d n o t ( Hawke s 1 990 ) . T he d a ta F au s se t t a ma s sed i so fs uf i c ien t q ua l i ty t os t i l l b e o fg r ea t u se t ou s t o day . H oweve r , a sw a s n o t ed a bove , F au s se t t d i ed b e l iev ing t h a t t h e g r ave s h e h ad d ug h ad d a ted t ot h e R oman p e r iod ( t hough h e h ad c o r r ec t ly s u rm i sed t h a tt h ec eme t e r ie sd i dn o tm a rk a nc ien tb a t t leg round s , b u tt h eb u r ia lg r ound s o f w ho le c ommun i t ie s ) . T he f i r s tm an t or e cogn i se t h a tt h e se g r ave s a nd o t he r s l i k et h em w e r e o fA ng lo S axon d a te w a sJ ame sD oug la s . i v .J ame sD oug la s . J am e s D oug la s w a s ac ap t a in i nt h e R oya l E ng inee r s . I n 1 779 , w h i l s t s t a t ioned a tF o r t Amhe r s t , C ha tham , D oug la s n o t ed t h a t r e pa i r s t ot r ench l i n e s w e r e d i s tu rb ing ag r oup o fb a r row s a nd g r av e s o n t h e h i l l s ide a nd w e r e p roduc ing i r on w eapon s a nd o t he r o b jec t s . O b ta in ing p e rm is s ion f r om t h e m i l i ta ry a u tho r i t ie s t od i g o n t h e s i t e , D oug la s e xcava t ed a nd r e co rded an umbe r o fb u r ia l s t h a t y ea r a nd i ns ub sequen t y ea r s . B y 1 782 h e h ad s upe rv i sed t h e e xcava t ion o f a bou t 8 6 b a r row s a nd f l a t g r ave s a tt h e s i te ( Hawk e s 1 990 ) . A l so i n1 782 h e v i s i ted t h e g r oup o fb a r row s n ea rt h e v i l lage o fS t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e t h a t h ad b een n o t ed b y S t uk e ley ( S tuke ley 1 724 ) , o pen ing a bou t 1 4 o ft h e se . I n J a nua ry 1 784 , D oug la s v i s i t ed G r eenw ich P a rk , n ea rt h e R ive rT hame s , a nd e xcava t ed a bou t 5 0 o ft h e b a r row sw h ich w e re t h en v i s ib le t h e r e . D oug la s ' d i gg ing c a r ee rw a s n o t a se x t en s ive a sF au s se t t 's h ad b een a nd , a l though h e a ppea r s t oh ave k ep t d e ta i led r e co rd s , h i s n o t e s h ave u nf o r tuna t e ly n o t s u rv ived . H oweve r , h e d i d u nd e r take w ide r r e sea r ch i n to t h e m a te r ia l h e h ad e x cava t ed a nd , i mpo r tan t ly , c ompa red i tw i th o t he r c o l lec t ion s f r om K en t , i n c lud ing F au s se t t 's . C ruc ia l ly , h e r e a l i sed t h a t t h e g r av e s t h a t h e a nd F au s se t t h ad e xcava t ed w e r e o fA ng lo -Saxon r a th e r t h an R oman d a t e . H e a l so c o r r ec t ly d educed , o n t h e b a s i s o fc o in s a nd o b jec t s w i th a ppa ren t ly C h r i s t ian a ff in i t ie s , t h a tt h eb u lk o ft h e g r ave s d a t ed t oa f t e rt h e C onve r s ion a t t h ee nd o ft h e 61 c en tu ry ( Hawke s 1 990 ) . A l though h i s v i ew s i n i t ia l ly m e tw i th r e s i s tance ( i b id . ) , t h ey w e r ee ven tua l ly , o fc ou r se ,p roved c o r r ec t . D oug la sp ub l i shed p a r to fh i sr e co rd s ,a l ong w i th an umbe ro fi l u s t ra t ion s( i nc lud ing s ome o ft h ei t em s f r om t h e F au s se t t c o l lec t ion ) a nd d i scu s s ion s o f s ome o f F au s se t t 's w o rk , i nh i s N en ia B r i tann ica ( 1 793 ) . U nf o r tuna t e ly , t h i s w o rk i n c luded d e ta i l s o fo n ly as ma l l n umbe r o ft h e g r ave s e xcava t ed b y D oug la s . F u r the rmo re ,h ea ppea r st oh ave a s sumed t h a ta l g r ave sw e re o r ig ina l ly c ove r ed b y ab a r row m ound a nd t h e ref o re l i s t s a l l b u r ia l s a s ' Tumu lu s ' , m ak ing i ti mpo s s ib le t od e t e rm ine w h ich a c tua l ly h ad av i s ib le b a r row m ound , a nd w h ich d i d n o t . T he r ef o r e , d e sp i te h i s c l ea r e r u nde r s tand ing o ft h e m a t e r ia l , D oug la s ' l e gacy i sn o t a s i mpo r tan t t o t h e s t udy o f A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s i n K en t a s i s F au s se t t 's . N one the le s s , t h e c omb ined e f o r t s o fF au s se t t a nd D oug la s h ave l ef t aw ea l th o fd a ta f r om t h e le c en tu ry . A pa r t f r om t h e i r o wn e xcava t ion s , b o th m en t ioned an umbe r o fe a r l ie r d i scove r ie s t h a t w ou ld p robab ly o t he rw i se h av e g one u n r eco rded . T h i s , c omb ined w i th as ma l l n umbe r o fo t he r r e co rd s f r om t h e le c en tu ry ( n o tab ly b y H a s t ed o fd i scove r ie s a tE a s t ry a nd b yt h e c o l lec to r W i l l iam B oy s o f f i nd s i n t h e v i c in i ty o f S andw ich a nd s u r round ing v i l lag e s ) , h ad p roduced a t o ta l o f 2 9

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c eme te r ie s , b u r ia l s i t e s a nd f i nd s po t sr e co rded b y 1 800 . T h i s r e p r e sen t s 1 0% o ft h e s i te s l i s t ed i nt h i s t h e s i s . I n t h e f o l low ing c en tu ry , t h e p a ce o f d i scove ry w a s t o i n c r ea se , b u t u nf o r tuna t e ly u sua l ly w i thou tr e co rd ing o ft h es t anda rd s e tb yB ryan F au s se t ta nd J ame sD oug la s . v .1 9t h c en tury e xcava t ion sa nd d i scover ie s . T h roughou t t h e 1 9t h c en tu ry t h e e xpan s ion o f i n du s t ry , u r ban a r ea s , a nd i n f ra s t ruc tu r e ( r oad a nd r a i lway s ) l e dt og r ow ing n umbe r so fa r cha eo log ica l s i t e s b e ing l o ca t ed ,b o th i nE ng land i ng ene ra l , a nd i nK en t . A l though s ome a n t iqua r ian s a temp t ed t or e co rd t h e s i t e s d i s tu rbed b y t h e se a c t iv i t ie s , t h e i r e f o r t s w e r e p i ecemea l a nd s t anda rd s o fr e co rd ing w e r e u sua l ly i n adequa te . A s ac on sequence , l a rge a moun t s o fd a ta w a s d e s t roy ed o r l o s t d u r ing t h i s p e r iod . N one the le s s , an umbe r o fc on sc ien t iou s e x cava to r s d i d e me rge a nd a dvance s i nu nde r s tand ing t h e m a te r ia l f r om K en t 's Ang lo -Saxon b u r ia l s w e r em ade . A s r o ad a nd r a i l c on s t ruc t ion , h ou se b u i ld ing , a nd q ua r ry ing o p e ra t ion s t o ok p l ace i nK en t , n ew s o f i n t e r e s t ing d i scove r ie s w ou ld o f t en r e a ch t h e e a r s o f i n te r e s t ed i n d iv idua l s , w ho w ou ld s ome t ime s a t t end t o c o l lec t ( of t en p u r cha s ing ) f i nd s o f fo fw o rkmen a nd s i t e o wne r s , a nd i ns om e c a se s t h e se i n d iv idua l st o ok n o te s . A n e xamp le o ft h i s p r oce s s t o ok p l a ce a tM i l ton R eg i s b e tween 1 824 -6 , w hen A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s ( among s t o t he r f e a tu r e s ) w e r e d i s tu rbed d u r ing b r ick -ea r th d i gg ing i nH ugg in 's F i e ld s . T he R eve r end W i l l iam V a l lance a tended t h e s i t e a nd p r ocu r ed an umbe r o ff i nd s . H e n o t ed t h a t a bou t 5 0 g r ave s h ad b een d i scove r ed a nd m a rked 2 8 o n ap l an o ft h e s i t e ( Va l lance 1 844 ) . N ine g r ave sw e r e o pened i nh i sp r e sence , t h e c on ten t s o fw h ich h e r e co rded i n d iv idua l ly , a nd t h e f i nd s f r om t h e se i n c luded a c ompo s i te d i sc b r ooch , n ow k nown a s t h e V a l lance b rooch . S im i la r o c cu r r ence s h appened e l sewhe re i nK en tt h roughou tt h e c en tu ry , w i th r e co rd ing b e ing o fv a r iab le q ua l i ty . Ag r ea t l o s s w a s t h e d e s t ruc t ion o f t h e K ing 's F i e ld , F ave r sham , b e tween 1 858 1874 , a s ar e su l t o f a c omb ina t ion o fr a i lway c on s t ruc t ion a nd b r ick -ea r th d i gg ing . Wha t w a s c l ea r ly a n e xcep t iona l ly l a rg e a nd r i ch A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry w a s l o ca ted i nt h i s f i e ld , b u t , w i th t h e e xcep t ion o f af ew g r ave s r e co rded b yJ ohn B r en ti n1 874 , n or e co rd ing o ft h i ss i t ew a su nde r taken b yt h ev a r iou sa n t iqua r ie sa nd c o l lec to r s w ho a t t ended i t . A l l t h a tw e a r e l e f tw i th t o day f r om t h i s i mpor tan t s i te i s al a rg e c o l lec t ion o f f i nd s ( i nc lud ing v e ry l a rge n umbe r s o fj ew e l le ry a nd g l a s s v e s se l s ) , s p r ead a c ro s s an umbe r o f c o l lec t ion s( b o th p r iva te a nd p ub l ic ) ,w i th n or e co rd o ft h e i rc on t ex t . S im i la r s i tua t ion s t ot h a t a tF ave r sham , w i th c o l lec t ion s o ff i nd s b u t f ew o r n o r e co rd s , o ccu r r ed a t Ma id s tone , S ho rne , L ympne , N o r th f lee t , R oche s t e r , H o r ton K i rby , O z enge l l ( n ea r R am sga t e ) a nd a n umbe r o fo t he r l o ca t ion s , t h roughou t t h e 1 9t h c en tu ry . H oweve r , c on t ro l led e xcava t ion s , o f t en w i th r e co rd ing t o ac ompa rab le s t anda rd t ot h a to fF au s se t t ,d i dt a ke p l a ce a t an umbe ro fs i te s . T he r e w e r e s t i l l av e ry s ma l l n umbe r o fs i t e s i ne a s t K en t w i th v i s ib le , u nd i s tu rbed , b a r row s b y t h e m idd le d ecade s o ft h e 1 9t h c en tu ry . I n 1 84 1 , L o rd A lbe r t C onyngham , al o ca l n ob leman w i th a n i n t e r e s t i na n t iqua r ian i sm , e xcava t ed 6 6 o u t o f 1 0 3 v i s ib le b a r row s o n B r each D own s , B a rham . H e p ub l i shed h i s r e su l t s i nA rchaeo log ia , t h ej ou rna l o ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s , i n 1 844 , a nd a l so a n a c coun t o fh i s e xcava t ion o f as ma l l n umbe r o fg r ave s a tW ingham i n 1 843 ( Conyngham 1 844a a nd 1 844b ) . H oweve r , b y t h i s t i me an umbe r o fa n t iqua r ian s h ad b ecome d i s sa t i sf i ed w i th t h e S o c ie ty o f A n t iqua r ie s ( Rhode s 1 990 ) a nd i nl a t e 1 843 C ha r le s R oa ch S m i th a nd T homa s Wr igh t f o und ed t h e B r i t i sh A r cha eo log ica l A s soc ia t ion , w i th L o rd C onyngham a s p r e s iden t . T he f i r s t a c t iv i t ie s o ft h e BAA i n vo lved A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s i nK en t ; i nJ une t h ey s u cce s sf u l ly p r even t ed t h e l e v e l l ing o f t h eb a r row s i nG reenw ich P a rk ( e xcava t ed b yD oug la s i n1 784 ) . I nS ep tembe r 1 844 , t h e BAA h e ld i t s f i r s t c ong r e s s a tC an t e rbu ry , w i th n ea r ly 2 00 p eop le a tend ing . O n i t s 2nd d ay ( S ep tembe r 1 0t h) ,t h e c ong r e s s v i s i ted B reach D own , w he r e 8b a r row s ( g rave s 6 7 -74 ) w e r e o pened . T he s ame a f t e rnoon t h e c ong r e s s m oved t o B ou rne P a rk , B i shop sbou rne ( Conyngham 's e s ta t e ) a nd e xcava ted a f u r the r 2 b a r row s( g rave s 1 3 14 ; C onyngham h ad a l r eady e xcava t ed s ome e a r l ie rt h a t y ea r ) . T he f o l low ing d ay t h ec onf e r ence v i s i t ed t h eF au s se t tf am i ly h ome a tH epp ing ton a nd v i ew ed t h eF au s se t tc o l lec t ion . A l lo ft h i sp rov ided a ni mmen se b oo s tb o th t oB r i t i sh a r chaeo logy i ng ene ra la nd t ot h e s t udy o fA ng lo S axon c eme te r ie s , p a r t icu la r ly t h o se i n K en t . S ub sequen t ly , a s w a s o u t l ined a bove , R oach Sm i th h e lped s e cu r e t h e p u r cha se a nd p r e se rva t ion o f t h e F au s se t t c o l lec t ion a nd e d i ted t h e I n ven to r ium S epu l ch ra l e ,w h ich w a sp ub l i shed i n1 856 . H ea nd T homa s Wr igh tc on t inued t oa t tend v a r iou ss i t e s i n K en t w he r e d i scove r ie s o fA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s h ad b een m ade ( n o tab ly O zenge l l i n 1 845 ) , t om ake w ha tn o t e st h ey c ou ld .

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I nJ u ly 1 860 Sm i th r e co rd ed t h ec on t en t so fs ome g r av e sw h ich w e r e f o und a tS a r re M i l l , o nt h eI s le o f T han e t . An umbe ro fo t he rf i nd so fA ng lo -Saxon m a t e r ia lh ad b een m ade a tt h i s s i te o ve rt h ep r ev iou s d ecade s a nd i tw a s c l ea rt h a t a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry w a s p r e sen t . T he l a nd a d jacen t t oS a r r e M i l l b e longed t oL o rd C onyngham a nd i n 1 863 h e a low ed J ohn B r en t t o e xcava te t h e s i te f o r t h e K en t A r cha eo log ica lS oc ie ty , w h ich h ad b een f o rm ed i n1 8 58 . B e tween 1 863 a nd 6 5 , B r en te xcava t ed s ome 2 72 g r ave s a t S an e a nd p ub l i shed t h em i n A rchaeo log ia C an t iana , mo s t o f t h e g r ave s b e ing i n d iv idua l ly r e co rded ( B ren t 1 863a ; 1 866 ; 1 867 ; 1 868 ) . T h i s s i t e , i nu se b e tween t h e 5t h a nd e a r ly r c en tu r ie s , p roduced h i gh n umbe r s o fw e l l -p rov i s ioned g r ave s , w i th a n u nu sua l p ropo r t ion o fg r av e s c on ta in ing s wo rd s a nd i mpo r ted i t em s . N o c ompa rab le s i t ew a st ob e e xcava ted a nd r e co rded o n s u ch as c a le i nK en tu n t i lt h e 1 950 's ( s ee b e low ) . I n1 866 B r en tc a r r ied o u t as ma l le re xcava t ion a tS t ow t ing ( whe r e f i nd s i n1 844 h ad r e vea led ac eme t e ry ) , w i th f u r th e rg r ave s b e ing e xcava ted i n1 868 a nd 1 88 1 b y h i s b ro the r , C B ren t . I n 1 867 B ryan F au s se t t 's d e scendan t , T .G . G odf rey -Fau s se t t , o b ta ined p e rm i s s ion t oe xcava te o n L o rd C onyngham 's l a nd a tB if ron s , P a t r ixbou rne , w he re mo r e A ng lo -Saxon g r av e s h ad b een d i scove red . H e e xcava ted , r e co rded a nd p ub l i shed 9 1 g r ave s , mo s t ly o f 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu ry d a t e ( Godf rey -Fau s se t t 1 876 a nd 1 880 ) . A long w i th t h e se i mpo r tan t e xcava t ion s a nd o t he r s , t h e m idd le d ecade s o ft h e 1 9t h c en tu ry s aw c on s ide rab le m ove s f o rwa rd i nt h e u nde r s tand ing o f , a nd a pp roa che st o , t h e s t udy o fA ng lo -Saxon a r cha eo logy . C .R . Sm i th w a s al e ad ing f o r ce i nt h i s , m ak ing c on t r ibu t ion s t ot h e u nde r s tand ing o fc h rono logy , c u l tu ra l a ff in i ty a nd r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s t h a t i nt h e i r b a s ic f o rm sh ave s t ood t h et e s to ft i me ( Rhode s 1 990 ) . I nt h e l a s t t h ree d ecade s o ft h e 1 9t h c en tu ry t h e r e w e r e f ew f u r the r s i gn if ican t e xcava t ion s o fA ng lo S axon s i te s i nK en t . P e rhap st h e m a in e x cep t ion t ot h i s w a s a tR oche s t e r , w he r e P ayne e x cava ted a nd r e co rd ed o v e r 3 0 g r ave s a t Wa t t 's A venue b e tween 1 892 1900 . H oweve r , a t m any o t he r s i t e s , d eve lopmen tc on t inued t od e s t roy m uch w i thou ta ny a dequa te r e co rd ing , ap roce s st h a tw a st oc on t inue w e l li n to t h e2 0t h c en tu ry . v i .T he 2 0t h c en tury . T he t r ea tmen t o fK en t i sh A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s i nt e rm s o fe xcava t ion , r e co rd ing , p ub l ica t ion a nd r e sea r ch d u r ing t h e 1 9t h c en tu ry w a s p e rhap s n o t a s g ood a s m igh t h ave b een e xpec ted , g i v en t h e e xamp le s e t b y F au s se t t a nd D oug la s i nt h e 1 8t h. N on e the le s s , b y 1 900 af u r the r 11 A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s , b u r ia l s i te s a nd f i nd s po t s h ad b een d i scove r ed i nK en t , t oa dd t ot h e 2 9 s i t e s r e co rded b y t h ee nd o ft h e 1 8t h c en tu ry ( a lbe i t , d u et ot h e d i spa ra t en a tu r e o ft h e r e co rd s o nt h e se s i t e s , i ti su n l ik e ly t h a ta ny s cho la ro ft h et i me w ou ld h ave k nown o ft h e e x i s t ence o fa l l t h e se s i te s ) . S im i la rd i scov e r ie s h ad b een m ade a c ro s ss ou the rn a nd E a s t e rn E ng land a nd t o g e the rt h e se s i te s , a nd t h e l a rg eq uan t i t ie so f o b jec t s r e cove r ed f r om t h em , p rov ided t h e b a s i s f o r a n u p su rg e o f r e sea r ch i n to A ng lo -Saxon a r cha eo logy ( wh ich r ema ined a t t h i s t i me a lmo s t e n t i r e ly b u r ia l a r chaeo logy ) . N a t iona l ly a nd i n t e rna t iona l ly , s cho la r s s u ch a s E .T . L eed s , N i l s A be rg , B a ldw in B rown , a nd S a l in l a id t h e f o unda t ion s f o r o u r u nde r s tand ing o f e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon c h rono logy , a r t s t y le s , a nd r e g iona l a nd c u l tu ra l v a r ia t ion s . I nK en t i t s e lf , t h e f i r s t v o lume o ft h e V ic to r ia C oun ty H i s to ry , p ub l i shed i n1 908 , i n c luded ag ood s umma ry b y R eg ina ld S m i th o ft h e s t a te o fk now ledge o ft h e K en t i sh c eme t e r ie s t h u s f a r ; t h i sa r t ic le ( Sm i th 1 908a ) i ss t i l l o fm uch v a lue t o day a nd c on ta in s s ome i n f o rma t ion n o ta va i lab le e l sewhe re . D e sp i te t h i s a cadem ic r e sea r ch ( mo s t o fw h ich r ema ined f o cu s sed o n t h e f i ne r m e ta lwo rk a nd o t he r g r av e g ood s , r a the r t h an o t he r a s pec t s o ft h e w ide r f u ne ra ry r i t e ) , t h e s t anda rd s o f e xcava t ion a nd r e co rd ing a pp l ied t on ew ly d i scove r ed s i t e s a nd g r ave s i nK en tr ema ined p oo r f o rt h e f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 2 0t h c en tu ry . T he d i scove ry o f3 6 g r av e s d u r ing r o ad w iden ing o n D ove rH i l l , F o lke s tone , i n1 906 -7 , p r omp t ed t h e b o rough e ng inee r , M r . N icho l s , t oc a r ry o u t a n e xcava t ion . At r a ined s u rveyo r , N icho l s m ad e ar e a sonab le j ob f o r h i s t ime , i n d iv idua l ly n umbe r ing , r e co rd ing a nd p ho tog raph ing g r ave s , d r aw ing as i t e p l an , a nd l a be l l ing f i nd s . U nf o r tuna t e ly , t h e f i nd s a nd s i t e r e co rd t h en l a y f o r m any y ea r su n s tud ied i nF o lk e s tone m u seum , s ot h a tb yt h et i me t h ey c ame t ob ew r i t ten u p ,t h er e co rd sw e r e c onf u sed a nd i n comp le te ( R icha rd son 1 994 ) . H ow eve r , t h e t r ea tmen t o f t h i s s i t e s t i l l c ompa r ed f a vou rab ly w i th m any o t h e r s e xcava t ed d u r ing t h e e a r ly t om id 2 0t h c en tu ry . A t m any s i t e s , p e rhap s m o s tn o tab ly We s tbe re a nd H ow le t t s , g r ave s w e r e d e s t royed w i thou t a ny a dequa te r e co rd ing , l e av ing u s w i th m any f i nd s w ho se s p ec if i c c on t ex t i sn o t k nown . Many o t he r s i te s , w h i l s t e xcava t ed a nd r e co rded w i th s ome c a re , w e r e n eve r f u l ly p ub l i shed , a nd o n ly t h en i ns ou r ce s t h a t a r e n ow h a rd t o o b ta in . E xamp le s o ft h i s i n c lude H u rd 's e xcava t ion s a tB rad s tow S choo l , B road s ta i r s , i n 1 9 10 11 ( Hu rd 1 9 13 ) , a nd t h e D a r tf o rd a nd D i s t r ic t A n t iqua r ian S oc ie ty 's e xcava t ion o f 17 g r ave s a tR i se ley , H o r ton K i rby , i n 1 937 -8 ( P r ie s t 1 9 38 ) . S im i la r c a se s , o fa dequa te r e co rd ing b u t o n ly p a r t ia l o rn on -

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e x i s t en t p ub l ica t ion , h ave c on t inued t oo ccu r i n to t h e 2 "d h a lf o ft h e 2 0t h c en tu ry ( f o r e xamp le , A lan Wa rhu r s t 's e xcava t ion s a tL ym inge i n1 953 -5 , o rF r ank J e s sup 's e xcava t ion s a tB ek e sbour n e i n1 955 6 ,a nd m any mo re ) . T he 2 "d h a lf o ft h e2 0t h c en tu ry h a s , o fc ou r se , s e en g r ea ts t r ide sb o th i nt h e s t anda rd so fa r cha eo log ica l e xcava t ion a nd r e co rd ing , a nd i nr e sea r ch i n to a l a s pec t s o f A ng lo -Saxon a r cha eo logy . I n 1 964 , A ud r ey Meaney p ub l i shed h e r g az e t t ee r o fe a r ly A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s i nE ng land ( Meaney 1 964 ) . A l though c on ta in ing a r a the r h i gh n umbe r o f e r ro r s ( n o t s u rp r i s ing w i th a w o rk o f s u ch s c ope ) , i t r ema in s a n i n va luab le g u ide t oA ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s d i scove r ed b ef o r e t h e 1 960 's . W i th r e ga rd t o t h eK en t i sh s i t e s a nd m a te r ia l i np a r t icu la r , a mong t h e m o s ts i gn if i can tc on t r ibu t ion s , b o th i nf i e ldwo rk a nd r e sea r ch , h ave b een m ade b y t h e l a t e S on ia C hadw ick H awke s a nd b y V e ra E v i son . B o th h ave c a r r ied o u t an umbe r o fe xcava t ion s a c ro s s K en t . T he m o s t i mpo r tan t o ft h e se w e re b y E v i son a t B u ck land , D ove r , a nd H o lbo rough , S nod land , f o r t h e I n spec to r a t e o f A nc ien t Monumen t s b e tween 1 9 51-3 , a nd b y H awke s a tF i ng le sham , N o r thbou rne , b e tween 1 9 59 -67 ( as i te p a r t ia l ly e xcava t ed i n 1 928 -9 b y S t ebb ing ) , a nd a tE a s t ry i n1 976 . T he s t anda rd s o fe xcava t ion a nd r e co rd ing c a r r ied o u ta t t h e se s i t e sw e r eh i gh a nd t h em a te r ia lr e cov e r ed f r om t h em a lowed H awke sa nd E v i son t oa dvance o u r k now ledge c on s id e rab ly i nt h e e n su ing d ecad e s . E v i son 's r e por to n t h e 1 65 g r ave st h a t s h e e x cava t ed a tB uck land ( Ev i son 1 987 ) r ema in s t h e m o s t c omp r ehen s ive p ub l ica t ion o f aK en t ish c eme t e ry y e t . H ow eve r ,u nf o r tuna t e ly ,H awke se xcava t ion sa tF i ng le sham a nd E a s t ry r ema in u npub l i shed . O the r e xcava to r s w e r e a l so a c t ive i nK en t d u r ing t h e 1 960 's , 7 0 's a nd 8 0 's . B r ian P h i lp l e d ar e scue e x cava t ion a head o fr o ad -wo rk s a tP o lh i l l , i n We s t K en t , e x cava t ing o ve r 9 0 g r av e s b e tween 1 964 -7 ( f u r th e r e xcava t ion s i n 1 978 a nd 1 984 m ade t h i s t h e l a rge s t e xcava t ed c eme te ry y e t i nw e s t K en t ) . R e scue e xcava t ion sa l so r e v ea led s i z eab le c eme te r ie s o nt h e I s le o fT hane t , a t Monk ton a nd S t . P e t e r 's T ip ,B road s ta i r s . I nt h e 1 970 's a nd 8 0 's t h e c eme t e r ie sa tS a r r e a nd O z enge l l , k nown f r om d i scov e r ie s i nt h e 1 9 `1 c en tu ry , h ave b o th s e en f u r the r e x cava t ion , w i th w e l l o ve r 2 00 b u r ia l s b e ing e xcava t ed a t O z eng e l l b e tween 1 966 a nd 1 989 , m o s t o ft h em s upe rv i sed b y D av id P e rk ins o ft h e T ru s t f o r T hane t A r cha eo logy . B e tween 1 986 -9 , a6t h c en tu ry c eme te ry a tM i l l H i l l , D ea l , w a s e xcava ted b yt h e D ov e r A rcha eo log ica l G roup , a nd t h i s s i t e h a s r e cen t ly b een p ub l i shed ( Pa t-f i n a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) . T he m o s t r e cen t e x ten s ive e xcava t ion o f aK en t i sh A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry t o ok p l ace a tB uck land , D ove r , i n 1 994 , w he re ar e scue e xcava t ion c a r r ied o u t b y t h e C an t e rbu ry A r chaeo log ica l T ru s t a head o f a h ou s ing d ev e lopmen tr e vea led 2 44 b u r ia l s , p a r to ft h e s ame c eme t e ry t h a t V e ra E v i son h ad e x cava t ed i nt h e e a r ly 1 950 's . T h i s e xcava t ion , s upe rv i sed b y K e i th P a r f i t t , m ade B uck land , w i th at o ta l o f4 13 r e co rd ed b u r ia l s ,t h el a rge s tA ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry ( i nt e rm so fr e co rded g r ave s ) i nK en t . A tt h es ame t ime a sl a rge a nd s ma l ls c a le e xcava t ion sh ave c on t inued , m uch r e sea r ch ,b o th o na r t ef a c t s , a nd o n w id e r a spec t s o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l r i t e , h a s b een c a r r ied o u t d u r ing t h e l a t te rd ecade s o f t h e 2 06 c en tu ry . S tud ie s o fp a r t icu la r r e levan ce t ot h e K en t i sh c eme te r ie s i n c lude R icha rd A ven t 's c o rpu s o fd i sc a nd c ompo s i t e b rooche s ( Av en t 1 975 ) , a nd D av id L e igh 's u npub l i shed t h e s i s o n 66 1 c en tu ry K en t i sh s qua r e -headed b r ooche s ( Le igh 1 980 ) . Wo rk h a s a l so b een d one o n g r ave o r ien ta t ion ( Hawk e s 1 976b ) ,a nd o ng r ave s t ruc tu r e s( Hoga r th 1 973a ) . Mo s t r e cen t ly , B i r te B rugmann h a s c a r r ied o u t r e sea r ch o n m a t e r ia l f r om 6 `h c en tu ry e a s t K en t i sh g r av e s ( i n p a r t icu la r , o n F rank i sh m a t e r ia l ) , a nd h a s d eve loped ac h rono log ica l s c heme f o r e a s t K en t d u r ing t h a t p e r iod , b a sed o n c ompa r i son w i th c on t inen ta l a r tef a c t s ( Pa rf i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 , B rugmann 1 999 ) . P e rn i l le S o r en sen h a sb een c a r ry ing o u tr e sea r ch o nt h eq ue s t ion o f aJ u t i sh p r e sence i ne a s tK en t( So r en sen f o r thcom ing ) ,w h ich e xam ine sa nd c ha l leng e st h ee v idence f o r ad i s t inc t ' J u t i sh ' p r e sence i ne a s tK en ti nt h e 56 a nd 6 `h c en tu r ie s . v i i . S ummary . T o d a t e , 2 90 c eme te r ie s , b u r ia l s i t e s a nd s ma l l f i nd s t h a t m ay h ave b een d e r ived f r om ab u r ia l h ave b een r e co rded i nK en t . T og e the r t h e se h ave p r oduced , s i nce t h e 1 8 `1 c en tu ry , at o ta l o fo ve r 4 000 r e co rded b u r ia l sa nd m any t h ou sand so fa r t ef a c t s . H ow ev e r ,t h eg r ea tm a jo r i ty o fg r ave sa nd s i t e sh ave n o t b een p ub l i shed t om ode rn s t anda rd s . I n 1 999 , P o lh i l l ( Ph i lp 1 973 ) , B uck land ( Ev i son 1 987 ) a nd M i l l H i l l ( Pa rf i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) w e r e t h e o n ly e x t en s ive e xcava t ion s o fK en t i sh c em e t e r ie s t o h ave b een f u l ly p ub l i shed ( a nd s ub sequ en t e xcava t ion s a tb o th P o lh i l l a nd B uck land h av e r e v ea led f u r the r g r ave s ) . An umbe r o fs i t e s e x t en s ive ly e xcava t ed t om oder n s t anda rd s , t o g e the r c omp r i s ing h und r ed s o fg r ave s , a wa i t f u l l p ub l ica t ion , m o s t n o tab ly S t . P e t e r 's T ip , B rad s tow S choo l , O z enge l l , F i ng le sham , E a s t ry I I , E cc le s , a nd t h e 1 994 e xcava t ion s a tB uck land . F u r the rmo r e , m a t e r ia l f r om

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m any o l de re xcava t ion s l i e s i nm u seum s a wa i t ing f u r the rs t udy a nd m any o l de rd i g s c ou ld u sef u l ly b e p ub l i shed o r r e -pub l i shed . T he p oo r r e co rd o f p ub l ica t ion o ft h e K en t i sh c eme te r ie s c oncea l s t h e m a s s ive p o ten t ia lo ft h ev a s ta moun to fd a ta t h a th a s , s i nce t h e 1 700 's ,b een r e cove r ed f r om t h em . I ti s h oped t h a tt h i sw o rk w i l lm ake ac on t r ibu t ion t owa rd sf u r the rr e a l i s ing t h a tp o ten t ia l .

9

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Chap ter 3 : Theore t ica la nd me thodo log ica la pproache s . I .I n troduc t ion . T h i s c hap te r s e t s o u tt h e t h eo re t ica l a pp roa ch t om o r t ua ry r ema in s w h ich u nde r l ie s m uch o ft h i s s t udy ( i n p a r t icu la r P a r t I V , t h e a na ly s i s o fb u r ia l s ) . I ta l so d e sc r ibe s t h e d a taba se u s ed t os t o r e a nd h and le i n f o rma t ion o ng r ave sa nd s i t e s . i .T heore t ica la pproache st ot h ea na ly s i so fA ng lo -Saxon m or tuary r ema ins . A t i t s m o s t b a s ic a nd f u nc t iona l , af u ne ra l i s as e t o f a c t ion s e n ta i l ing t h e d i spo sa l o f ac o rp se . H oweve r , i nm o s t c u l tu r e s a nd t ime s , t h e f u ne ra l s e rve s aw ide r p u rpo se , a s b o th as o c ia l a nd r i tua l e ven t . T h i ss e em sp a r t icu la r ly t oh ave b een t h e c a se d u r ing t h eA ng lo -Saxon p e r iod , e spec ia l ly d u r ing t h e 5t h t oe a r ly 8 '1 c en t u r ie s . I ti sc l ea rt h a t m uch m o r e t h an t h e d i spo sa l o ft h e c o rp se w a s i n vo lv ed ; t h e p rov i s ion o f g r ave g ood s w i th m any b u r ia l s , t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f b a r row s a nd /o r o t h e r g r ave s t ruc tu r e s , e v idence o fc off in s a nd av a r ie ty o fo t he r t r ea tmen t s o ft h e b ody a nd g r ave , s ugge s t t h a t c omp lex s o c ia l a nd /o r r i tua l m e s sage s w e r e b e ing c onveyed t h rough t h e m ed ium o f t h e f u ne ra l . I n deed , t h e s o c ia l r o le o ft h e se b u r ia l s i su sua l ly a s sumed , h ence t h e c once rn o f much r e sea r ch w i th u n rave l l ing t h e ' s oc ia ls t ruc tu r e ' o fc eme te r ie s . H oweve r , t h e t a sk o fc l a s s if y ing a nd r a nk ing A ng lo -Saxon g r av e s i n to s o c ia l g r oup s i sc omp lex a nd d i ff i cu l t . A r chaeo log i s t s h ave t r i ed av a r ie ty o fa pp roache s t ot h e p rob lem . E v i son , w hen d i scu s s ing t h eg r ave sa tB u ck land , D ove r( Ev ison 1 987 ) , g r ouped t h em i n to s imp le c a tego r ie s , o n t h e b a s i so fs e x a nd a ge . Ma le g r ave s w e r e s ub -d iv ided i n to f o u r c l a s se s ( swo rd , s p ea r o n ly , w eapon le s s , f i nd le s s ) , f ema le g r av e s i n to f i v e c l a s se s ( r i ch w i th b r ooch , r i ch w i thou t b r ooch , m ed ium r i ch , p oo r , f i nd le s s ) , a nd j uven i le g r ave s i n to f o u r ( r ich w i th b r ooche s , m ed ium r i ch , p oo r , f i nd le s s ) . T h i s r e p r e sen t s a h i gh ly s ub jec t ive m e thod a nd i n he r en t ly e qua te s t h e a s semb lage s o f g r ave g ood s w i th w ea l th . A n a l te rna t ive a pp roa ch i st ou s e w ea l th s c o r e s , e a ch a r t ef a c t t y pe b e ing a s s igned an ume r ic v a lue , b a sed o n a n e s t ima te o ft h e e xpend i tu re i n vo lved i nc on s t ruc t ing t h e a r t ef a c t . Wh i l s t t h is a tf i r s t a ppea r s a m o re o b jec t ive m e thod , i nf a c tt h e a s s ign ing o fn ume r ic v a lue s i si ni t s e lf a n e x t reme ly s ub jec t iv et a sk . L a rg e ly a s ar e su l t , t h i s m e thod h a s n eve r f o und f a vou r w i th A ng lo -Saxon i s t s . O ne a t t emp t a t a s s ign ing w ea l th s c o r e s t oo b jec t s f r om E a r ly A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s ( A rno ld 1 980 ) r e su l t ed i n as wo rd b e ing g i ven al owe r s c o r e t h an ap a i r o fs h ea r s a nd ab r ooch b e ing g i v en al owe r s co r e t h an a n i r on r i ng . B o th t h e se a pp roa che s a nd , i n deed , m o s t a temp t s b y r e sea r che r s p r io r t ot h e 1 980 's t o r e con s t ru c t s o c ia ls t ruc tu r e f r om m or tua ry r ema in s , a r eb a sed o n ad i r ec te qua t ion o fs o c ia l s t a tu s w i th t h en umbe r a nd q ua l i ty o fg r ave g ood s i n ag r av e . D i r ec t i n f e r ence s f r om t h e c o rpu s o fA ng lo -Saxon g r ave g ood s h ave a l so t e nded t o b e d r awn a bou t l o ca l a nd r e g iona l w ea l th , e t hn ic i ty a nd t r ade p a t t e rn s . T he se i n f e r ence s m ay w e l l b e c o r r ec t ( e spec ia l ly w he re t h e r e i sh i s to r ica l e v idence t oc o r robo ra t e t h em ) , b u t t h ey r e ly o nt h e a s sump t ion t h a tt h e q ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty o fo b jec t sd epo s i ted i ng r ave s d i r ec t ly r ef l ec t s t h e a c tua l s o c ia l p a t te rn ing o ft h e b u ry ing g r oup . N o t e nough c on s ide ra t ion h a s a lway s b een g i ven t o t h e p o s s ib i l i ty t h a t c u l tu ra l f a c to r s , t h e p r a c t ice s a nd b e l ief s o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon s t h em se lve s , c ou ld i n t e rvene t od i s to r tt h e r e la t ion sh ip b e tween m o r tua ry p r a c t ice a nd t h e l i v ing s o c ie ty w h ich c a r r ied o u t t h o se p ra c t ice s . A rcha eo log i s t s i n f lu enced b y ` p roce s sua l ' t h eo r e t ica l a pp roa che s ( t he s o -ca l led ' New A r cha eo logy ' t h a t b ecame i n f luen t ia l i nB r i ta in a nd t h e U n i t ed S t a te s d u r ing t h e 1 960 's a nd 7 0 's ) r e cogn i sed t h a t s u ch f a c to r s c ou ld h ave a n e f f ec t o n t h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd ( t e rm ing t h em c u l tu ra l t r an sf o rma t ion s , o r ` c t ran sf o rm s ' ; s e e S ch if f e r 1 976 ; 1 9 87 ) , b u t s i nce t h e g oa l o fm o s t p roce s sua l i s t s w a s t o g e t a t t h e ' l aw s ' o f b ehav iou r w h ich t h ey b e l ieved w e re m e re ly o b scu r ed b y c u l tu r a l i d io sync ra s ie s ,t h ey t e nded t ob e l ieve t h a tt h ey c ou ld i g no r eo re xp la in t h e i rw ay a r ound s u ch p r a c t ice s . I n c on t ra s t , a r cha eo log i s t s o ft h e p o s t -p roce s sua l s c hoo l ( at h eo r e t ica l a pp roa ch t o a r cha eo logy t h a t o r ig ina ted w i th I a nH odde ra nd an umbe ro fo t he r s a tC amb r idg e i nt h ee a r ly 1 980 's ; s e eH odde r 1 99 1) t e nd t ov i ew c u l tu ra lb e l ief sa nd p r a c t ice sa se s sen t ia l ly i reduc ib le . I fw e a r e c o r r ec t i nv i ew ing a n A ng lo -Saxon f u ne ra l a sb o th as o c ia l a nd r i tua l e ven t , t h en t h i s h a s i mp l ica t ion s f o r t h e q ue s t ion s w e c an a s k , a nd t h e a n swe r s w e c an e xpec t , o ft h e a r chaeo log ica l ly r e cogn i sab le r e s idue o ft h a te ven t . P ade r( 1 982 ) a r gued t h a t a tr i tua l o cca s ion s , i n c lud ing f u ne ra l s , a n i d ea l i sed v e r s ion o fs oc ie ty c an b ep r e sen t ed w h ich m ay d i f f e rr a d ica l ly f r om r e a l i ty . L inked t ot h is i s t h e n o t ion o fr i tua l t ime a nd c hang e , w he r e p r oce s se s o ft ime a nd c hang e m ay d i f f e r f r om t h o se o f e ve ryday ' r ea l i ty ' . T hu s ap a r t icu la rd r e s s s t y le m igh tr ema in a pp rop r ia t e i n ap a r t icu la rr i tua lo cca s ion

1 0

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( s uch a s af une ra l ) l o ng a f t e r i th a s p a s sed o u t o ff a sh ion i ne ve ryday p r ac t i se . i mp l ica t ion s f o rt h e i n f e rence sw ed r aw f r om s imp le r e ad ing so fg r ave g ood s .

T h i s o bv iou s ly h a s

T h e s o c ia l n a tu r e o f af une ra l w i l l a l so h ave i mp l ica t ion s f o r a ny a t t emp t a ta na ly s ing b u r ia l r ema in s . A n a s sump t ion h a s s ome t ime s b een m ade ( e .g . P h i lp 1 973 ) t h a tt h e o b jec t s d epo s i t ed i nA ng lo -Saxon g r av e s w e r e i n tended t o b e u s ed i nt h e a f t e r l if e . T h i s a s sump t ion m ay o we m o re t o 1 9t h a nd 2 0t h c en tu ry E gyp to logy t h an ac l o se a na ly s i s o fA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s . I fi tw e re t h e c a se , w e m igh te xpec t t of i nd g r ea te r q uan t i t ie s o fm o re f u nc t iona l ly o r ien ta ted g r ave g ood s i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s , s u ch a s f o od v e s se l so rt o o l s ,t h an w ed o . I nf a c t , a l though t h eq uan t i ty a nd v a r ie ty o fi n d iv idua lo b jec t s f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s i sv e ry g r ea t , t h e r a nge o fa r tef a c tt y pe s i sa c tua l ly r a the rl i m i ted . Av e ry l a rge p ropo r t ion o ft h eg r ave g ood sa r e d r e s sf a s tene r sa nd o r namen t s , w h ich , w h i l s tn o td evo id o ff u nc t iona l p u rpo se ,w ou ld s ugge s t ag r ea t e rc once rn w i th d i sp lay a nd s t a tu st h an w i th p ra c t ica lu se i nt h ea f t e r l if e . A no the rl a rge c a t ego ry a r e w eapon s ( f a rm o r e c ommon t h an t o o l s ) , b u t H e in r ich H ä rke , i nh i s s t ud ie s o fA ng lo -Saxon w eapon g r av e s ( Hä rke 1 990 a nd 1 992 ) h a s d emon s t ra ted t h a t as i gn if i can tp ropo r t ion o fs u ch g r ave s c on ta ined a ppa ren t ly n on -f un c t iona l w eapon s e t s ( s uch a s as h ie ld o n ly ) . I na dd i t ion , w eapon sw e r e f o und b u r ied w i th i n f an t s a nd c h i ld r en , a nd p hy s ica l ly h and icapped i n d iv idua l s , n one o f w hom c ou ld h ave b een a c t ive w a r r io r s ( i b id . ) . O n t h i s b a s i s , H ä rke a r gued t h a t t h e se b u r ia l s r e p r e sen ted a c t s o fs o c ia l d i sp lay , r a the rt h an ( n ece s sa r i ly )t h e g r av e s o fw a r r io r s b u r ied w i th t h e i r f u l l f i gh t ing e qu ipmen t . I ts e em st h en ,t h a tt h en o t ion t h a tt h eA ng lo -Saxon sd epo s i ted g r ave g ood s f o ru s e i na na f t e r l if ei sf l awed ; c e r ta in ly s u ch ab e l ief d oe s n o ts e em t oh ave b een t h e m a in f a c to rd e te rm in ing w ha tt y pe o fo b jec t s a nd h ow m any w e r e p l a ced i n ag r ave . R a the r , ac onnec t ion w i th s o c ia l d i sp lay s e em st of i tt h ee v idence b e t t e r . I f as o c ia l e l emen t i sa ccep t ed a so ne o ft h e m a jo rf a c to r s i n f luenc ing A ng lo -Saxon f une ra ry p r a c t ice s , i tw i l l n o t n ece s sa r i ly t a ke t h e s imp le f o rm o fg r oup s d i sp lay ing t h e i r r e la t ive w ea l th t oe a ch o t he r . F un e ra l s w e r e j u s t o ne t y pe o fm a jo r s o c ia l o cca s ion t h a t w ou ld h ave p unc tua ted e ach y ea r ( o the r s w ou ld h ave i n c luded w edd ing s , r e l ig iou s e ven t s a nd r i t e s o fp a s sage ) . T he se f unc t ion s m igh t h ave b een u sed b yv a r iou sg roup sw i th in s o c ie ty t or e inf o r ce , r e a r range o rc ha l lenge e x i s t ing s o c ia lr e la t ion s a nd m igh th ave b een p e r ce iv ed d i f f e r en t ly b yt h e v a r iou s g r oup s a nd i n d iv idua l sp r e sen t . W i th in s u ch e v en t s , m a te r ia l c u l tu re m igh t p l ay as ymbo l ic , a sw e l l a s af u nc t iona l , r o le , b u t t h e m ean ing s c a r r ied b y o b jec t s m igh t v a ry b o th o ve r t ime a nd i ns p ace . T he m ean ing s c a r r ied b y o b jec t s w e re p r obab ly u nd e r la in b y s e t s o f u nw r i t t en r u le s o fb ehav iou r a nd c ommun ica t ion . T he se r u le s m ay h ave b een e x t r eme ly c omp lex a nd m igh th ave b een p r one t or e la t ive ly r a p id c hange . Ag ood d i scu s s ion o ft h e se i sue s , a nd h ow t h ey s p ec if i ca l ly r e la t ed t oA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s , w a s g i ven b y P ade r ( 1 982 ) . T he p o t en t ia l f o r m a t e r ia l c u l tu re t o a s sume a s ymbo l ic r o le i n s o c ie ty w a s r e cogn i sed b y s ome a r cha eo log i s t s a s e a r ly a s t h e 1 970 's , a s ar e su l t o ft h e w o rk o ft h e a n th ropo log i s t E dmund L each ( 1 973 ) ,w ho w a sa mong s tt h e f i r s tt oi n t roduce t h ec oncep t so fs t ruc tu ra l i sm t oa r chaeo logy . H oweve r , p o s t -p roce s sua l a r chaeo logy h a s a l so b een h eav i ly i nf luen ced b y p o s t s t ruc tu ra l i s t i d ea s , m o s t n o tab ly t h a t s i gn s a r e n o t a r b i t ra ry , a nd p o s t -p roce s sua l a pp roa che s a r e a l so d i s t ingu i shed f r om s t ru c tu ra l i s t a r cha eo logy i n s e e ing m a t e r ia l c u l tu r e a s h av ing a n a c t ive r o le i n i nf luenc ing a nd s h ap ing s o c ia l r e la t ion s ,r a the rt h an s imp ly p a s s iv e ly r e f lec t ing t h em ( Hodde r 1 99 1) . G iv en t h e se p o in t s , h ow a r e w e t o a pp roach t h e s t udy o f A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s a nd h ow a r e w e t o d ec iphe r t h e c omp lex a nd c hang ing s t ruc tu r e s , s i gna l s a nd s ymbo l s t h a t m igh t u nde r l ie t h e d a ta? H odde r h a s s ugge s ted ( i b id . ) , w i th r e f e r en ce t o a r cha eo logy i n g ene ra l , t h a t w e s hou ld i mme r se o u r se lve s i n t h e t o ta l i ty o f t h e e v idence t h a t i sa va i lab le o n t h e p a r t icu la r s o c ie ty w h ich w e a r e s t udy ing , s i nce t h e o n ly w ay t ou n rave l m a t e r ia l c u l tu r e m ean ing s i sb y s t udy ing t h em i nt h e i r t o ta l s o c ia l , c u l tu ra l , s pa t ia l a nd t empo ra l c on t ex t . H ef u r the rs ugge s t ed t h a tw ha tw e s hou ld b e l o ok ing f o r a r e s i gn if ican t p a t te rn s o f s im i la r i ty a nd d i f f e r ence i n t h e n a tu r e a nd u se o f m a t e r ia l c u l tu r e . U nf or tuna t e ly , w h i l s te xce l len tr e su l t sm igh tb eo b ta ined f r om l o ng t e rm e t hnog raph ic s t ud ie so fl i v ing c u l tu re s , t h e i n f o rma t ion a va i lab le f r om p a s t s o c ie t ie s ( e ven o ft h o se o ft h e r e cen t p a s t ) i sm uch l e s s . A nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave r e p r e sen t s o n ly t h ea r cha eo log ica l ly v i s ib le r ema in s o f af u ne ra l , w h ich i so n ly o ne s oc ia l a nd r i tua l e v en t . F u r the rmo r e , al a rg e p e r cen tage o fs i te s a nd b u r ia l s w e re n o t r e co rded t o m ode rn s t anda rd s ( wh ich t h em se lve s p robab ly o n ly r e cove rp a r t o ft h e s u rv iv ing e v idence ) . T hu s , a l w e h ave a va i lab le t ou n rave l a nd u nde r s tand t h e s o c ia l , r i tua l , c u l tu ra l , a nd e t hn ic m ean ing s t h a t m ay h ave b een c onveyed b y t h e f u ne ra l r i t e , m u ch l e s s t h e s o c ie ty w h ich t h a t r i t e m ay h ave i mpe rf ec t ly r e f lec ted , i sap a r t ia ls e to fd a ta o fw ide ly v a ry ing q ua l i ty . I nf a c t , i tm ay b e i mpo s s ib le , o nt h eb a s i so f t h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd , t o d o m o r e t h an i d en t if y a ppa r en t ly s i gn if i can t p a t t e rn s o f b ehav iou r . H e in r ich H ä rke , i n t h e c onc lu s ion t o h i s t h e s i s o n A ng lo -Saxon w eapon g r ave s , s ummed u p t h e s i tua t ion t h u s :

1

C hap t e r3

" . . . the c omp l ex i ty o ft h er e la t ion sh ip s b e tween t h ev a r iou sf ac to r s i n vo lved i nt h e E a r l yS axon b u r ia l r i t e , t h e m a rk ed l o ca l a nd r eg iona l v a r ia t ion s , a nd t h e m any e xcep t ion s f rom v i r tua l ly e v e ry c o r re la t ion f ound m ake i td oub tf u li ft h e a na l y s i s o fb u r ia le v id ence w i l le ve r b e a b le t of i nd c l ea r -cu t r u l e s , o re ven l aw s , o fh uman s oc ia lb eha v iou r : t h e i n f e rence o fr egu la r i t ie so rp a t te rn sm ay b ea l lt h a t a rchaeo log ica la na l y s i sc an a ch ieve ." ( Hä rk e 1 992 ,2 27 ) . I fs u ch r e gu la r i t ie sa nd p a t te rn sa r e i d en t if i ed , i tm ay b ep o s s ib le t om ake g ue s se sa bou tt h er e a son s f o r , a nd m ean ing s t h a t l a y b eh ind , t h o se p a t t er n s , a nd f r om t h ence t om ake g ue s se s a bou t t h e n a tu r e o f A ng lo -Saxon s o c ie ty . H owev e r , a ny t h eo r ie st h a t a r e d eve loped a l ong t h e se l i ne s w i l l a lway s r ema in , t o al a rge e x t en t , g ue s se s . F u r the rmo r e , w e s hou ld a lway s b ea r i nm ind t h a t t h e s oc ie ty t h a t w e a r e l o ok ing a ti so ne t h a th a s b een r ef lec ted t h rough t h e m ed ium o ft h e m or tua ry r i t e . A s s u ch , i tm ay n o t r e f lec t t h e r e a l i ty o f A ng lo -Saxon s o c ie ty i nl i f e . T he a na ly s i s o f A ng lo -Saxon mor tua ry r ema in s p rov ide s a ne xce l len tm ean s o fs t udy ing A ng lo -Saxon s o c ie ty i nd ea th ; i ti sl e s s r e l iab le a s am ean s o f u nde r s tand ing A ng lo -Saxon s o c ie ty i nl i f e . i i .T he d a taba se s . I nt h is s e c t ion , ab r ief o u t l ine o ft h e d a taba se u s ed t or e co rd a nd h and le d a ta o n s i t e s a nd b u r ia l s i nt h i s s t udy w i l lb eg i ven . T he d a taba se w a s c on s t ruc ted u s ing M ic ro sof t A cce s s , p a r t o ft h e M ic ro sof t O ff ice P rof e s s iona l 9 7 s of twa r e p a ckage . Two m a in s e t s o fd a ta f o rmed t h e n uc leu s o ft h e d a taba se . T he f i r s t o ft h e se , ' S i t e s ' , c on ta ined s ome 2 90 e n t r ie s , o ne f o re a ch s i t e l i s t ed i nt h eg az e t tee r i nA ppend ix I . At o ta l o f 9 6 f i e ld s f o re a ch e n t ry c ove r ed aw ide r a ng e o fd a ta o n e a ch s i te , i n c lud ing s i te t y pe , l o ca t ion , d a t e o f d i scove ry , n umbe r o f g r ave s , w he re m a t e r ia l i sh e ld , a nd e s t ima t ed p e r iod o f u se . T h i s d a ta se t p rov id e st h eb a s i so ft h ea na ly s i so fs i t ed i s t r ibu t ion a nd l o ca t ion i nC hap te r 1 0 . T he l a rge rd a ta se tw i th in t h ed a taba se , ' G rave C ode s ' , c on ta ined 2 934 e n t r ie s . I nm o s tc a se s , a n e n t ry r e f e r red t oa n i n d iv idua lb u r ia l ( t ha t i s , ab ody a nd i t sa c company ing g r ave g ood s ) , r a the rt h an ag r ave ; t h u s ,w h i l s tm o s tg r ave sj u s th ad o ne e n t ry i nt h ed a taba se , m o s tm u l t ip le g r ave sh ad 2o rm o r ee n t r ie s , o ne f o r e a ch b ody i nt h e g r ave . I ns ome c a se s , ag r ave w a s k nown t oh ave c on ta ined m o r e t h an o ne b ody , b u tt h e re w a s n o t s uff i c ien t d a ta o n t h e i n d iv idua l b od ie s a nd /o r a s semb lage s o fg r av e g ood s t o d i s t ingu i sh t h e d e ta i l s o ft h e d i f f e r en t b u r ia l s w i th in t h e g r ave . I ns u ch c a se s ( f o r e xamp le , S t ow t ing g r ave 2 1 ,r e co rded a sc on ta in ing 6b od ie s ) ,t h ee n t i r eg r ave h ad o n ly o ne e n t ry i nt h ed a taba se . E ach o ft h e 2 934 e n t r ie s i n ' G rave C ode s ' h ad at o ta l o f 6 0 d a ta f i e ld s ( t hough w i th m o s t b u r ia l s , i n suf f i c ien td a ta w a s r e co rded t oa low i n f o rma t ion t ob e e n te r ed i n to e ve ry f i e ld ) . Mo s to ft h e d a ta i n t h e se f i e ld sw a sn ume r ica l ly c od ed t os p eed u pt h e i n pu ta nd a na ly s i s o fd a ta . T he n ame s a nd t y pe s o f t h ed i f f e r en tf i e ld si n' G rave C ode s ' a r es umma r i sed i nT ab le 1b e low . T he l a rge b ody o fd a ta s t o r ed i n' G rave C ode s ' f o rm st h eb a s i s f o rP a r t I V o ft h i s v o lume , t h e a na ly s i s o fb u r ia l s . I ti st h i s a na ly s i s , b a sed o n t h e m a jo r i ty o fb u r ia l s r e co rded i nK en t s i nce t h e 1 8t h c en tu ry , w h ich f o rm st h ec o re o ft h i st h e s i s . A l though , i nt h eo ry , m u l t iva r ia t e a na ly s i s p r ov id e s t h e b e s t m ean s o fa na ly s ing s u ch al a rg e b ody o f d a ta , t h e r e a r e p rob lem s w i th t h i s a pp roa ch w h ich m ad e i ti mpo s s ib le t ou se w i th t h i s p a r t icu la r d a ta s e t . Mu l t iva r ia t e a na ly s i s i sb e s t a pp l ied t o ar e a sonab ly h i gh q ua l i ty b ody o fd a ta , o r a tl e a s t o ne w he r et h eq ua l i ty o fd a ta i sr o ugh ly e v en t h roughou tt h e s amp le . T he a im o ft h i s w o rk i st oi n c lud e a s m u ch o ft h e t o ta l i ty o fi n f o rma t ion r e cove r ed o n t h e K en t i sh c em e te r ie s s i nce t h e le c en tu ry , a nd i n deed , i ti ss ome o ft h e m o r e r e cen t ly e xcava t ed ( b u t a s y e t u npub l i shed ) m a t e r ia l t h a t i se x c luded f r om t h ea na ly s i s o fb u r ia l s i nP a r t I V . A pp ly ing m u l t iva r ia te t e chn ique st ot h e a va i lab le b ody o fd a ta , w h ich v a r ie s e no rmou s ly i nt e rm s o fq ua l i ty a nd c omp le tene s s ( a s w a s m en t ioned a bove , t h e m a jo r i ty o fb u r ia l s h ad i n comp le t e d a ta , a nd s ome h ad o n ly t h e s k e tch ie s t i n f o rma t ion ) , w ou ld h ave b e en v e ry c omp lex a nd d i ff i cu l t , a sw ou ld h ave b een t h e i n t e rp r e ta t ion o fr e su l t s . T he r ef o re , s u ch a n a pp roach h a sn o tb een u sed h e r e . Am u l t iva r ia t ea na ly s i so ft h eK en t i sh g r ave sw ou ld b e p o s s ib le , b u tw ou ld b e b e s tr e s t r ic ted t o amo re l i m i t ed s ub se to fg r av e s ,f o rw h ich ar e la t iv e ly h i gh a nd e v en s t anda rd o fd a ta w a sa va i lab le .

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T ab le 1 :G rave C ode s -D a ta F ie ld s . F i e ld N o . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0

D a ta T ype

F ie ld N ame

T ex t T ex t N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic T ex t T ex t N ume r ic Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No N ume r ic T ex t N ume r ic Y e s /No Y e s /No N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic Y e s /No Y e s /No N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic Y e s/ No T ex t T ex t N ume r ic Y e s /No Y e s /No N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic N ume r ic Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No Y e s /No N ume r ic T ex t

G rave C ode S i te R i te No . o fb od ie s i ng rave D is tu rbance G rave A x is ( deg ree s ) G rave A x is ( compa s sp o in t s ) G rave T ype L a rge B a r row? M idd le S i zed B a r row? Sma l l B a r row? S t ruc tu ra l F ea tu r e s S t ruc tu ra l C la s s C of in D imen s ion sR eco rded? T op I %o fg rave d imen s ion s? G rave L eng th ( m ) G rave W id th ( m ) G rave D ep th ( m ) R i tua l D epo s i t ? A n ima l R ema in s? A ge a tD ea th S ex ( s ke le ta l ) S ex ( g rave g ood s ) S ta tu re ( m ) S ta tu re a s% o fg r ave l e ng th B ody P o s i t ion G rave G ood s? A s semb lage T ype A s semb lage S ub -C la s s S ta tu s R ank ing V e ry H igh S ta tu s? C on ta in s h igh s t a tu ss i gn i f ie r s? Weapon s B uck le s a nd B e l tF i t t ing s K n ive s B rooche s P endan t s a nd B ra c tea t e s D re s s A cce s so r ie s R ing s K ey s a nd G i rd le A cc e s so r ie s T oo ls Weav ing E qu ipmen t P e r sona l E qu ipmen t C on ta ine r s Amu le t s /Keep sake s P l ay ing P iece s a nd Mu s ica l I n s t rumen t s C o ins A dd i t iona l I t em s R ing Swo rd C oppe rA l loy B ow l Wooden B ucke t G o ld B ra id S k imme r a nd /o rC ry s ta l B a l l C ow r ie S he l l /Bead s

B r a c t e a t e s

S ou the rn S cand inav ian R e l ief B rooch C ruc if o rm B rooch D a t ing P ha se

1 3

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Chap ter 4 : Ang lo -Saxon K en t ; t he h i s tor ica lc on tex t . i .I n troduc t ion . T he i n ten t ion i nt h i s c hap t e ri st op rov ide a no u t l ine o ft h eh i s to r ica l c on tex to ft h e K en t i sh c eme te r ie s , i np a r t icu la rt h e h i s to ry o ft h e K ingdom o fK en t . Ag r ea t d ea l h a s b een w r i t ten o n t h i s s u b je c t i nt h e p a s t a nd t h i s i sn o t t h e p l a ce t or e pea tt h a t w o rk . N o r i si tt h e i n ten t ion t oc r ea te ac u l tu ra l -h i s to r ica l f r amewo rk i n to w h ich t h e a r chaeo log ica l d a ta m u s t b e r i g id ly t i ed , a n a pp roa ch t h a t h a s c ha r a c t e r i sed m uch e a r l ie rr e sea rch o nA ng lo -Saxon K en t . H oweve r , a nu nde r s tand ing o ft h eh i s to r ica l a nd p o l i t ica l c on t ex to ft h eK en t i sh c eme te r ie s i se s sen t ia l a nd v a luab le ;t h i s i sah i s to r ica l , n o t ap reh i s to r i c ,p e r iod , a l be i to ne w he r et h eq ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty o fr e l iab le r e co rd si sv e ry l i m i ted i n deed . i .T he K en t i sh o r ig in my th . T he t r ad i t iona la c coun to ft h eo r ig in o ft h eA ng lo -Saxon K ingdom o fK en ti sd e r ived f r om an umbe ro f s ou r ce s , b u tp r ima r i ly f r om B ede 's E cc l e s ia s t ica lH i s to ry o ft h eE ng l i sh P eop le , w r i t ten i nt h ee a r ly 8t h c en t u ry , a nd f r om T he A ng lo -Saxon C h ron ic l e . Wh i l s t m uch o ft h e d e ta i l i su n c lea r o r c onf u sed , t h e o u t l ine o ft h e t a le i st h a t s ome t ime i nt h e m id 5t h c en tu ry ( c . AD 4 49 ) , t h e B r i t i sh w a r lo rd V o r t ige rn i n v i t ed ag r oup o fG e rman ic m e r cena r ie s , l e db yt h e b r o the r s H eng i s ta nd H o r sa , t os e t t le o nt h eI s le o f T hane t , w h ich t h ey w e r e t or e ce ive i nr e tu rn f o r m i l i ta ry s e rv ice . H eng i s t a nd H o r sa w e r e s a id t ob e d e scended f r om Woden a nd i n i t ia l ly a r r ived w i th t h r ee s h ip s , l a nd ing a tY pw ine sf l eo t ( Ebb sf l ee t ? ) , a t t h e m ou th o ft h e Wan t sum C hanne l . Af t e r as ho r t p e r iod ( af ew y ea r s? ) , t h e m e rcena r ie s r e be l led a ga in s t t h e B r i t i sh ( o r w e r e b e t rayed b y t h em ) . A n umbe r o f b a t t le s w e re f ough t , p r in c ipa l ly a t i Eg e l s th rep ( Ay le sf o rd? , o n t h e Medway ) , a nd a tC recganf o rd ( C rayf o rd? , i nw e s t K en t ) , e nd ing w i th t h ed ef ea to ft h eB r i t i sh , a nd H eng i s tb ecom ing t h e k i ng o fK en t . H eng i s t i sr e co rded a sb e ing d ead b y c .4 88 , w hen h i s s u cce s so r O i sc ( o r s c ) , w ho se p r ec i se r e la t ion sh ip t oH eng i s t i su nc lea r , t o ok o ve r . B ed e r e co rd ed t h a tt h e i n hab i tan t s o fK en t w e r e J u t e s , i nc on t ra s tt ot h e A ng le s a nd S axon s w ho w e r e t h ough tt oc on s t i tu t e t h e b u lk o ft h e E ng l i sh p opu la t ion . T he q ue s t ion o ft h e e t hn ic a ff i l ia t ion s o ft h e K en t i sh p opu la t ion w i l l b e d i scu s sed i nP a r t Vo ft h i st h e s i s , b u t i ts hou ld b e n o t ed h e re t h a t 5t ha nd Oh c en tu ry o b jec t so fs ou ther nS cand inav ian o r ig in h ave b een f o und i ne a s tK en t . K .P . W i tney h a s w r i t ten ad e ta i led h i s to r ica l a c coun t o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon c onque s t a nd s e t t lemen t o f K en t , a nd o ft h e s ub sequen th i s to ry o ft h e K ingdom o fK en t , u n t i l i t su n ion w i th We s sex u nd e rE gbe r t i n8 25 (W i tney 1 982 ) . Wh i l s th e a dm i t s t h a t i ti sd i ff i cu l tt od i sen tang le l e gend f r om f a c t i nt h e s t o ry o fH eng i s t a nd H o r sa , h e a c cep t st h e b a s ic t a le a s ah i s to r ica l a c coun t . T h i s s e r ie s o fe ven t s , f r om t h e l a nd ing i n4 49 , t oH eng i s t 's s u cce s s ion b y O i sc i nc .4 88 ( p lu s s ub sequen t e ven t s a nd k i ng s ) w a s a l so f o r al o ng t i me a c cep ted b y a r cha eo log i s t s r e sea r ch ing e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon K en t ( s ee H awk e s 1 969 ) . H ow eve r ,m any s c ho la r s( e .g . B rook s 1 989 )n ow d oub tt h eh i s to r ica lv a l id i ty o ft h ee s tab l i sh ed a c coun t o ft h e f ounda t ion a nd e a r ly h i s to ry o ft h e K ingdom o fK en t . I np a r t icu la r , t h e s t o ry o fH eng i s t a nd H o r sa 's c onque s t o fK en t i sn ow r e ga rded a sp r obab ly l a rge ly l e g end . T he a ccoun t a s g i ven b y B ede a nd o t he r s ou r ce s b ea r s s t r ik ing s im i la r i t ie s t ot h e t a le s o ft h e f o unda t ion o fm any o ft h e o t he r S axon k i ngdom s , a nd m ay h ave b een a n a dap ta t ion o f as t ock G e rman ic o r ig in m y th ( i b id . ) . T he s t o ry a sw e h ave i tm ay c on ta in e l emen t s o fh i s to r ica l t r u th , b u t w e h ave n o m ean s o fd i s t ingu i sh ing w h ich t h o se e l em en t sa r e . O ra l t r ad i t ion s a bou tt h e c onque s t a nd s e t t lemen t o fK en t , a nd a bou tt h e o r ig in s o ft h e K en t i sh R oya l l i ne , a r e m o s t l i ke ly t oh ave b een f i r s t w r i t t en d own d u r ing t h e l a t e 6t h o r e a r ly 7t h c en tu ry , a f t e r t h e a r r iva lo fl i t e ra te m onk s a tt h eK en t i sh c ou r t . T hu st h e a c coun t st h a th ave p a s sed d own t ou s , v i aB ede a nd o t he r s , p r obab ly r e p r e sen t al a te 6t h c en tu ry o r ig in m y th t h a t w ou ld h ave b een mo re r e levan tt oa l a t e 6t h c en tu ry a ud ience t h an t o a5t h c en tu ry o ne . We k now f r om t h e a c coun t s a nd l e t te r s c onn ec t ed w i th t h eA ugu s t ine m i s s ion t h a tE the lbe rh t ,K ing o fK en ta tt h et ime ,e xe r c i sed c on t ro l o ve ra l o fK en t a nd , i n deed , o ve ro t he rp a r t s o fs ou ther nE ng land . We a l so k now t h a tt h e b ounda r ie s o ft h e K ingdom o fK en t d u r ing m o s t o fi t s s ub sequen t h i s to ry e qua t ed r o ugh ly w i th t h o se o ft h e ( p re 1974 ) c oun ty . H owev e r , t h e a r cha eo log ica l e v iden ce s t rong ly s ugg e s t s t h a t , d u r ing t h e 5t h a nd e a r ly t o m id 6t h c en tu r ie s a tl e a s t , w e s ta nd e a s tK en tw e r e c u l tu ra l ly s e pa ra t e . T hu s i tm ay b e t h a t s ome e ven t s s e t i n w e s t K en t i nt h e K en t i sh r oya l o r ig in m y th ( n o tab ly t h e b a t t le a tC r ecganf o rd o rC rayf o rd ) , h ad b een i n se r t ed i n o rde r t o l e g i t im i se a m u ch m o r e r e cen t e a s t K en t i sh d om inance o f K en t w e s t o f t h e Medway . Wha t eve r t h e t r u th , t h e t a le s o f t h e G e rman ic c onque s t o f K en t c anno t b e r e ga rd ed a s r e l iab le h i s to r ica l e ven t s ; r a the rt h ey m u s t b e s e en i nt h e c on t ex t o fK en t i sh r oya l my th -mak ing a tt h e e nd o ft h e 6t hc en tu ry ,w e l lo ve r 1 00 y ea r sa f t e rt h ee ven t st h ey p o r t ray .

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i i . S i x th -cen tury K en t . O i sc ( o r / E sc ) i sa lmo s t a s d oub tf u l a s ah i s to r ica l f i gu r e a s H eng i s t , a nd s o i sO i sc 's r e co rded s u cce s so r ,O c ta . T he se i n d iv idua l s m ay h ave e x i s ted , b u tw eh ave n o w ay o fb e ing c e r ta in . H owev e r , w i th I rm in r ic , t h e f a the r o fE the lbe rh t , w e c an b e f a i r ly c e r ta in t h a t w e a r e d ea l ing w i th ah i s to r ica l f i gu r e , s i nce E the lbe rh t w ou ld c e r ta in ly h ave k nown t h e n ame o f h i s f a the r a nd p r edece s so r . I n d i scu s s ing I rm in r ic ,B rook sp o in t ed o u t( i b id . )t h a th i sn ame i so f af o rm t h a to ccu r red i nE ng land ,w i th o ne e xcep t ion ,o n ly i nK en t ,b u tt h a tw a so t h e rw i se c ommon a mong s tt h eF rank s . T he p o s s ib i l i ty o fa n u n r eco rd ed d yna s t ic c onnec t ion b e tween t h eK en t i sh r oya l l i ne a nd t h e F rank s , p r e -da t ing E the lbe rh t 's m a r r iage t ot h eF rank i sh p r ince s sB e r tha , s e em sl i k e ly , ap o s s ib i l i ty t h ea r chaeo log ica lr e co rd s uppo r t s . I rm in r ic 's d a t ing i s d epend en t o n E the lbe rh t 's a nd h e r e w e f a ce t h e c on t rov e r sy o ve r w he the r E the lbe rh tr e igned 5 6 y ea r s ( a s B ede s e em st oi mp ly ) , o rl i ved 5 6 y ea r s . Many s c ho la r s , i nd i scu s s ing e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon K en t , h ave a c cep t ed t h e 5 6 y ea rr e ign , w i th E the lbe rh t c om ing t ot h et h rone c .5 60 ( e .g . H awke s 1 969 ; 1 982 , a nd W i tney 1 982 ) . I ft h i s c h rono logy i sa ccep t ed , t h en I rm in r ic , a ppa r en t ly o fF rank i sh o r ig in s , w ou ld p r e sumab ly h ave b een b o rn e a r ly i nt h e c en tu ry , a nd h i s s on E the lbe rh t w ou ld h ave m a r r ied B e r tha a nd a s cended t h e t h rone a r ound 5 60 , w hen t h e F rank i sh i n f luence i nt h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd o fK en t w a s p e rhap s a ti t s p eak . E the lbe rh t w ou ld t h en h ave p r e s ided o ve r a l o ng p e r iod w hen K en t i sh p ro spe r i ty a nd p ow e r w a s a ti t sh i ghe s t ; h ence h i s s t a tu s a sB re twa lda , a nd t h e m o s t a c c la imed o ft h e K en t i sh k i ng s . T hu s t h e s t rong F rank i sh i n f luence a ppa r en t i n 66'c en tu ry K en t i sh m a t e r ia l c u l tu re c an b e e xp la ined l a rge ly a sb e ing t h e r e su l t o fd yna s t ic l i nk s b e tween K en t u nd e rI rm in r ic a nd t h en E th e lbe rh tw i th t h e Me rov ing ian s . T h i sr e ce ived v e r s ion o fE the lbe rh t 's c h rono logy n ow l o ok s d oub tf u l . A pa r tf r om t h e i mp robab i l i ty o f a5 6 -y ea r r e ign ( t he l o nge s t r e co rded o fa ny A ng lo -Saxon r u le r ) , B ede 's r e f e r ence t o t h e l e ng th o f E the lbe rh t 's r e ign i s e n igma t ic . H oweve r , t h e w o rk o f G r ego ry o f T ou r s , ac on tempo ra ry o f E the lbe rh t 's a nd a u tho ro f ah i s to ry o ft h eF rank s , s ugg e s t st h a tE the lbe rh td i dn o tm a r ry B e r tha u n t i lc . 5 80 , a nd p e rhap s d i d n o t a s cend t h e K en t i sh t h rone u n t i l a sl a te a st h e e a r ly 5 90 's . B rook s s ugg e s t ed o nt h i sb a s i s( 1989 ) ar e v i sed c h rono logy f o rE the lbe rh t ;b o rn b e tween 5 60 -2 , m a r r ied t oB e r tha c .5 80 , b ecame K en t i sh k i ng b e tween c .5 80 -593 , a nd d i ed b e tw een 6 16 18 . T he u nce r ta in ty a bou tt h e e xa c t d a t e s o fh i s b i r th a nd d ea th s t em s f r om c on f l ic t ing s t a t emen t s b y B ede ; a to ne p o in t ( Ecc l e s ia s t i ca l H i s to ry 1 . 5 )h es ay st h a tE th e lbe rh td i ed 2 1 y ea r s a f t e rt h es e nd ing o ft h eA ugu s t in ian m i s s ion ( p la c ing h i sd ea th i n6 16 ) , a nd a ta no the rh es a y s2 1 y ea r s a f t e rh i s c onve r s ion t oC h r i s t ian i ty ( p la c ing t h ed ea th i n6 18 ) . T he d a t ing o ft h e m a r r iage t oB e r tha w a s d e r iv ed f r om G r ego ry o fT ou r s , w ho w ro t e c .5 8 1 t h a t ad augh te r o ft h e F rank i sh k i ng C ha r ibe r t h ad r e ce ived ah u sband i nK en t ( H i s tory o ft h e F rank s I V ) . C ha r ibe r t w a s r e co rded ( i b id . ) a sc om ing t ot h e t h rone i n5 61 , a nd t h en t a k ing I n gobe rga a sh i s w if e , b yw hom h e f a the r ed t h e a f o r emen t ioned d augh t e r ; t h u s s h e mu s th ave b een b or ni no ra f t e r5 6 1 , a nd b een m a r r ied b e tween c .5 76 -80 . T ha t s h e w a s m a r r ied b ef o re h e r h u sband b ecame t h e K en t i sh k i ng i s i mp l ied i n al a t e r b ook o f G r ego ry 's h i s to ry ( IX ) , w hen h e r e co rded t h a t u pon q ueen I n gobe rga 's d ea th i n5 88 -9 , h e r o n ly l i v ing d e scenden tw a s ad augh te rw hom t h es on o f ac e r ta in k i ng i nK en t h ad m a r r ied . I ft h i s d augh t e r w a s B e r tha , t h en i ts e em s t h a t i n5 88 -9 E the lbe rh t w a s n o t y e t k i ng . B rook sp o in t s o u t( B rook s 1 989 )t h a th e m u s th av e s u cceeded t ot h et h rone b y 5 93 a tt h e l a te s t , s i nce t h i s w a s t h e d a te o f t h e d ea th o f C ea lw in o f We s sex , w hom a cco rd ing t o t h e A ng lo -Saxon C h ron ic le d ef ea t ed E the lbe rh ta tt h eb a t t le o fW ibband un . T hu s t h e b a lance o ft h e h i s to r ica l e v idence s t rong ly f a vou r s a5 6 y ea r l i f e span , r a the r t h an r e ign , f o r E th e lbe rh t , a nd B rook s ' r e v i sed c h rono logy s e em s r e l iab le . C omb ine t h i s w i th t h e r e lega t ion o ft h e k i ng s a nd e v en t s p r eced ing I rm in r ic t ot h e s t a tu s o f m y tho logy , a nd w e a r e l e f t w i th v i r tua l ly n o h i s to r ica l f r amewo rk f o rK en tf o rt h e 56' ,a nd m o s to ft h e 6 ` " , c en tu r ie s . K en t i sh h i s to ry r e a l ly b eg in s , t h en , w i th E the lbe rh t , a nd t h i s i sd ue t oh i s r e ce iv ing t h e m i s s ion o f S t . A ugu s t ine i n5 97 , a nd h i s s u b sequen tc onve r s ion t oC h r i s t ian i ty . i v .T he C onver s ion . T he m a in e ven t s o ft h e A ugu s t in ian m i s s ion t oK en t , a nd t h e s ub sequen tc onve r s ion o fE the lbe rh t a nd h i s k i ngdom a r e w e l l k nown . I n 5 95 -6 , P ope G r ego ry t h e G rea t d i spa tched a m i s s ion , l e d b y A ugu s t ine , w i th t h e g oa l o f c onv e r t ing t h e A ng le s t o C h r i s t ian i ty . A ugu s t in e a nd h i s c ompan ion s l a nd ed o nt h eI s le o fT hane ti n5 97 ( a tE bb sf lee t ,t h es i t ew he r eH eng i s ta nd H o r sa a r e f i r s ts uppo sed t o h av e l a nded ) , w he r e t h ey w e re r e ce iv ed a f ew d ay s l a te r b y K ing E the lbe rh t . Af t e r n ego t ia t ion s ,

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E the lbe rh t a g r eed t h a t t h e m i s s ion c ou ld r ema in a nd p r each i n K en t , a low ing t h em t o s e t t le a t C an t e rbu ry . S ub sequen t ly , E the lbe rh t a nd m any o fh i s p eop le w e r e c onve r ted t o C h r i s t ian i ty , a nd C an te rbu ry w en to nt ob ecome t h ep r ima ry s e a to ft h eE ng l i sh C hu rch . T h i s v i ew o fe ven t s , d e r ived m a in ly f r om B ede , r e p r e sen t s t h e C hu r ch 's v i ew p o in t , w i th t h e i mpe tu s f o r t h e c onve r s ion c om ing f r om G r ego ry ( a n e ncoun t e r w i th A ng le s l ave b oy s s ome y ea r s b ef o r e h e b ecame P ope i n sp i r ing h im t os e ek t h e c onve r s ion o ft h e E ng l i sh ) , a nd w i th t h e n e rvou s m i s s iona r ie s e mba rk ing o n ah e ro ic j ou rney i n to t h e u nknown . H oweve r , a n e xam ina t ion o ft h e v a r iou s s ou r ce s c once rned w i th E the lbe rh t a nd t h e c onve r s ion s ugge s t s t h a t t h i s v i ew i sn o t e n t i r e ly a c cu ra t e . K .P . W i tney h a s p o in ted o u t (W i tney 1 982 ) t h a t A ugu s t ine c a r r ied w i th h im al e t te r f r om G r ego ry t ot h e F r ank i sh k i ng s T heode r ic a nd T heudebe r t , t h rough w ho se t e r r i to ry t h e m i s s ion w ou ld p a s s . T h i s l e t t e r s a y st h a tw o rd h ad r e ached h im t h a tt h eE ng l i sh ' e ag e r ly d e s i r ed ' t ob ec onve r t ed , b u tt h a tt h eF r ank i sh c hu r ch h ad n eg lec ted t oa c to nt h i s , h ence t h e d i spa t ch o ft h e m i s s ion . F u r the rmo r e , E the lbe rh t ' s w if e B e r tha h ad b een a c compan ied t oK en tb y aF rank i sh b i shop , L i udha rd ; t h u st h e r e h ad b een a n of i c ia l C hu r ch p r e sence a tt h e K en t i sh c ou r t s i nce a tl e a s t c .5 80 . W i tney a r gued ( i b id . ) t h a t t h i s e v idence s ugge s t st h a tt h e i n i t ia l i mpe tu sf o rt h eA ugu s t in ian m i s s ion c ame ,n o tf r om R ome , b u tf r om K en t , w i th E the lbe rh t d e l ibe ra t e ly s e ek ing t o e s tab l i sh o ff i c ia l c on tac t w i th t h e C hu r ch . H igham ( 1 997 ) h a s f u r the r d eve loped t h i s i d ea , a r gu ing t h a t E the lbe rh t s ough t t oi mpo r t t h e n ew c u l t o fC h r i s t ian i ty i n to K en ta sp a r to f ap o l icy o fe nhanc ing a nd s t r eng then ing h i s o wn p o l i t ica l a nd r e l ig iou sp ow e r , a nd t h a t o fh i s h ou se . S ub sequen t ly , d u r ing t h e 76 1 c en tu ry C h r i s t ian i ty c ompe t ed w i th v a r iou s p agan c u l t s f o r t h e f a vou r o fE ng land 's v a r iou s r o ya l l i ne s . I tu l t ima te ly s upp lan t ed p agan i sm b ecau se o fi t sg r ea t e r p o l i t ica l a nd o r gan i sa t iona l p owe r , w h ich m ade i ta tr ac t ive a s am ean s o fs e cu r ing r oya l p owe r i nt h e e me rg ing s t a t e so f 7t h c en tu ry E ng land . T he se d if e r en t i n t e rp r e ta t ion s o f A ugu s t ine 's m i s s ion h av e ab ea r ing o n o u r u nde r s tand ing a nd i n te rp r e ta t ion o ft h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd i nK en t . T he c onve r s ion h a s o f t en b een s e en a sm a rk ing a p o ten t ia l w a t e r shed i n t h e a r chaeo log ica l r e co rd , a nd h a s o f t en b een u s ed i n a t temp t s t o e xp la in c hang e si nb u r ia lr i t e s i nt h e l a te 6t ho r 7t hc en tu r ie s( e .g . L eed s 1 9 36 ) . H oweve r ,t h eo r ig in so fm any o f t h e se c hang e s ( t he g r adua l d ec l ine i nt h e d epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s , t h e u s e o fb a r row s , a n i n c r ea sed t e ndency f o r b u r ia l s t ob e a l igned w e s t -ea s t ) c an b e t r aced b a ck i n to t h e 6t h c en tu ry , w e l l b ef o r e t h e a r r iva l o fA ugu s t ine . I ti sl i k e ly t h a t i nK en t a tl e a s tt h e a r r iva l o fA ugu s t ine w a s n o ta ss i gn if i can t o r u np r eceden t ed a sB ede i mp l ie s . B i shop L iudha rd 's p r e sence a tC an t e rbu ry s i nce c .5 80 w ou ld h av e e xpo sed m uch o ft h e e a s t K en t i sh e l i t e t oC h r i s t ian s ymbo l s a nd i d ea s , a nd t h e se m ay h av e a l r eady b egun t oi n f luence b o th m a t e r ia l c u l tu r e a nd r i tua l p r a c t ice s b ef o r e 5 97 . When i ti sr em embe r ed t h a t E the lbe rh t 's f a the r , I rm in r ic , m ay h ave h ad F r ank i sh l i nk s , a nd g i ven t h e s t rong F rank i sh e l emen t i n t h em a te r ia lc u l tu r e o fe a s t K en t f r om t h e v e ry b eg inn ing o ft h e6 `1 c en tu ry , t h i s p o s s ib i l i ty l o ok sm o r e l i ke ly . H ow eve r , i ti sa l so l i ke ly t h a tt h ec onve r s ion o ft h eK en t i sh e l i t et oC h r i s t ian i ty a tt h ee nd o ft h e 66 1 c en tu ry , r a the r t h an b e ing t h e c a ta ly s t f o r c hang e , w a s o ne o f t h e r e su l t s o f c hang e s a l r eady o pe ra t ing w i th in Oh c en tu ry K en t i sh s o c ie ty . T hu s t h e d ec i s ion o ft h e K en t i sh k i ng t oi mpo r t an ew r e l ig iou s c u l t , w h ich b rough t w i th i ti mpo r tan t d i p loma t ic a nd c u l tu ra la dvance s( i nc lud ing w r i t ing )s hou ld b es e en i nt h e c on tex to fa ne xpand ing a nd i n c r ea s ing ly s oph i s t ica ted K en t i sh s t a t e . I ti st h e l a t te r f a c to r , r a the r t h an C h r i s t ian i ty , w h ich m ay l i e b eh ind c hang e s i ns ome K en t i sh b u r ia lr i t e sa tt h i st i me . v .T he K ingdom o fK en t , 7f i t o 9t h c en tur ie s . E the lbe rh tr u led K en tu n t i lh i s d ea th c .6 16 18 . H e w a s s u cceeded b y h i s s on E adba ld , w ho t h en t o ok h i ss t epmo the ra sh i sw if e ,c on t ra ry t oc hu r ch l aw . O ppo s i t ion t ot h i sm a r r iage d r ove aw edg eb e tween E adba ld a nd t h e c hu r ch , w i th t h e k i ng r e tur n ing t ot h e w o r sh ip o ft h e p agan g od s a nd t h r ea t en ing t o e xpe l t h e m i s s ion a tC an t e rbu ry . H owev e r , t h e c onf l ic t w a s r e so lved a f t e r a n u nknown p e r iod , a nd E adba ld r e tu rned t oC h r i s t ian i ty , r e nounc ing h i s f i r s t w if e , a nd m a r ry ing aF rank i sh p r ince s s , I mma ( W i tney 1 982 ) . T he reaf t e r , t h e k i ng s o f K en t r ema ined f i rm ly a l ied t o t h e R oman c hu r ch , a nd s p ec if i ca l ly t ot h ea r chb i shop sa tC an t e rbu ry . B yt h ee a r ly 8t h c en tu ry , a tl e a s tf i ve r e l ig iou sh ou se s( a t F o lke s tone , L ym inge , M in s t e r in -Thane t , M in s t e r in -Sheppey a nd E a s t ry ) h ad b een f o und ed b y K en t i sh k i ng s , t h e e a r l ie s t p robab ly b e ing t h a t a tF o lke s tone , f o und ed s ome t ime b e tween 6 35 -664 , b y e i the rE adba ld ,o rh i s s on E a r conbe rh t( R icha rd son 1 995 ) . I ti sn o tab le t h a ta tl e a s tt wo o ft h e se h ou se s ( Ea s t ry a nd L ym inge )w e re f o unded o nt h es i t e so fk nown r o ya le s ta t e so rv i l l e s , i n d ica t ing t h es t r eng th o ft h ec onnec t ion b e tween t h eK en t i sh r oya ld yna s ty a nd t h ec hu r ch i nt h e 76 1 c en tu ry .

1 6

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K en t 's i n dependence a s ak i ngdom f i r s tc ame u nde rt h r ea t i n6 86 , w hen C a edwa l la o f We s sex i n vaded a nd i n s ta l l ed h i s b ro the r Mu l a sk i ng . Mu l w a s k i l led b y t h e C an twa r e ( t he O ld E ng l i sh n ame f o rt h e i n hab i tan t s o fK en t )t h e f o l low ing y ea r , o n ly t ob e r e p la ced b yO sw ine , ap uppe to f Me rc ia ( a lbe i to ne o fK en t i sh r oya lb l ood ) . ° sw ine a ppea r st oh ave b een o ve r th rown b y W ih t r ed , b ro the ro fE ad r ic , w ho h ad r u led a tt h et ime o fC a edwa l la 's i n va s ion . W ih t r ed e n joyed al o ng a nd l a rge ly p eacef u lr e ign f r om 6 9 1-725 . H i s s on s r u led u n t i l 7 62 , w hen t h e r i se o f Me r c ia u nde r O f f a r e newed t h e t h r ea t t oK en t i sh i n d epend ence . F o r much o ft h el a te 8t h, a nd e a r ly 9t hc en tu r ie s ,K en tw a sr u led b yv a r iou s Me r c ian s ub k i ng s , a pa r t f r om b r ief s pe l l s o fr e be l l ion a nd i n dependence . I n8 23 , K en t r ega ined i t s i n depend ence b r ie f ly u nde rB a ld r ed , b u t i n8 25 E gbe r t o f We s sex c onque red t h e k i ngdom a nd u n i ted i tp e rmanen t ly w i th We s sex . D u r ing t h e 7t h a nd 8t h c en tu r ie s , t h e k i ng s o fK en t h ad i s sued an umbe r o fl aw s , c ha r te r s , a nd c o in s . T he p r oduc t ion o fc o inage s e em s t oh av e b een p i onee red i nK en t a nd , i n deed , i tw a s p robab ly t h e s oph i s t ica t ion o ft h e K en t i sh s t a t e , p l u s i t s f o r e ign t r ade l i nk s , w h ich m ade i ts u ch ad e s i r ed p r ize f o r s u cce s s ive w a r r io rk i ng so f Me r c ia a nd We s sex . T he v a r iou s K en t i sh l aw s w e re i s sued i nt h er e ign s o fE the lbe rh t ( e a r ly 7t h c en tu ry ) , H lo the r e ( c . 6 78 ) , E ad r ic ( c . 6 86 ) a nd W ih t r ed ( 6 95 ) . T he e a r l ie r l aw s d ea l p r ima r i ly w i th m a t te r s o fp e r sona l i n ju ry a nd c ompen sa t ion , b u t W ih t r ed 's l aw s a r e m o r e p un i t ive a nd m o r e c once rned w i th p e r sona l m o ra l i ty . F i ne s f o r ' i l l ic i t i n te rcou r se ' o u t s ide m a r r iag e , o r f o r m ak ing of e r ing s t o d ev i l s , a r e s e t o u t , a nd i t s e em s c l ea rt h a tb yt h e e nd o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry t h e p owe r a nd w i l l ingne s s o ft h e c hu r ch a nd t h e k i ng t o i n t e rf e r e i nt h e r i tua l a nd m o ra l c onduc t o fp eop le 's l i v e s w a s g row ing . T h i s m ay w e l l h ave b egun t o h av e a n i mpa c t o n t h e d epo s i t ion o fg r av e g ood s , o nce s u ch ap r ac t ice c ame t ob e v i ewed a s ap agan c u s tom ( a l though t h e re i sn oe v idence t h a ti tw a ss ov i ewed u n t i lt h e 8t h c en tu ry ) . v i .K en ti nl a te A ng lo -Saxon E ng land . Af t e r 8 25 , K en t b ecame a n i n t eg ra l p a r t o f t h e e n la rged k i ngdom o f We s sex a nd , e ven tua l ly , o f E ng land . H oweve r , i ta ppea r st oh ave l o ng r e ta ined m any a s pec t s o fi t si n d iv idua l i ty , i ns u ch t h ing sa s l a nd u s e a nd d i v i s ion s , s e t t lemen t p a t t e rn s a nd i n he r i tance l aw s , w h ich i th ad e s tab l i shed d u r ing i t s t im e a sa n i n dependen tp o l i t ica l u n i t . S ome o ft h e se i n d iv idua l i t ie s a r e v i s ib le i nt h e D ome sday B ook ( f o r e xamp le , t h e u se o f t h e s u lung , r a the r t h an t h e h id e , a s t h e m a in u n i t o f l a nd m ea su r emen t ) . H ow ev e r , w h e the rt h e b u r ia l p r a c t ice s o fK en t d i f f e r ed i na ny w ay f r om t h o se o ft h e r e s t o fE ng land a f t e rt h e c hange t ot h e u s e o fc hu r chya rd s i sn o tc l ea r . C u r r en t ly , t h e r e i sn o e v idence t h a tt h ey d i d s o s i gn if i can t ly . v i i .S ummary . T he h i s to r ica lr e co rd f r om A ng lo -Saxon K en t , w h i l s ts t a r t ing c ompa ra t ive ly e a r ly f o rE ng land , r ema in s v e ry s pa r se i nc ompa r i son t ol a t e rp e r iod s . T he r e i sl i t t le i nt h er e co rd st h a tr e la t e st ob u r ia l g r ound s o r p r a c t ice s . H oweve r , c e r ta in a s pec t s o f t h e h i s to r ica l e v idence d o b road ly c o r re spond w i th t h e a r cha eo log ica lr e co rd , n o tab ly t h ep r e sence i ne a s tK en td u r ing t h e l a te 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t h c en tu r ie s o fa n e l i t ew i th s ome s ou the rn S cand inav ian c onnec t ion s , a nd t h e l i nk st ot h e F rank i sh R h ine land d u r ing t h e 6t h c en tu ry . H oweve r , t h e s i gn if i cance o fc e r ta in e ven t s ( mo s t n o tab ly t h e a r r iva l o ft h e A ugu s t in ian m i s s ion )h ave o f t en b een o v e rp layed a se xp lana t ion so fc hang ew i th in t h ea r cha eo log ica lr e co rd . Wha t i si n t e re s t ing i st h a t i tw a s i nK en t , w he re t h e C h r i s t ian r e l ig ion t o ok r oo t e a r ly a nd a ppa r en t ly d eep ly , t h a tt h e c u s tom o fd epo s i t ing g r ave g ood s i nb u r ia l s w a s t h e m o s t p ro long ed a nd e l abo ra te i nA ng lo S axon E ng land . T h i s s ugge s t s t h a tt h e l i nk b e tween r e l ig iou s a ff i l ia t ion a nd b u r ia l c u s tom w a s b y n o m ean sd i rec t .

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Chap ter 5 :D a t ing a nd t he d eve lopmen to fK en t i sh ma ter ia lc u l ture .

i .I n troduc t ion . I ti sn o t t h e i n ten t ion h e r e t op rov ide ad ef in i t ive s t udy o rr e a s se s smen t o ft h e c h rono logy o fK en t i sh g r ave g ood s . T ha tw ou ld e n ta i l ad e ta i led c on s ide ra t ion o fb o th t h ec on t inen ta l c h rono log ie s a nd t h o se o fn e ighbou r ing A ng lo -Saxon a r ea s , b o th o fw h ich a r e o u t s ide t h e s c ope o ft h i s b ook . F u r the rmo r e , a w ea l th o f r e sea r ch o n s u ch m a t te r s h a s b een w r i t t en a nd p ub l i shed o ve r t h e y ea r s , a c coun t ing f o r p e rhap st h e b u lk o fw o rk o nt h e b u r ia l a r cha eo logy o fA ng lo -Saxon K en t . H ow eve r , i ti sn ece s sa ry t o h av e ac h rono log ica l f r amewo rk w h ich s pan st h ew ho le p e r iod u nde rc on s ide ra t ion ( p r ima r i ly t h e 5 '1't o 8 `h c en tu r ie s AD ) , i no rde rt or e a ch a ny m ean ingf u l u nde r s tand ing o fm o r tua ry p r ac t ice s i nK en t d u r ing t h i s p e r iod . T o t h i s e nd , as e r ie s o f 1 0 p ha se s ( t he f i r s t o fw h ich i ss ub -d iv ided i n to t wo ) h a s b een d eve loped , b a sed o n p r ev iou s w o rk o n K en t i sh c h rono logy a nd c ove r ing t h e e n t i r e E a r ly Med ia eva l p e r iod , f r om t h e e nd o f t h e 4t h c en tu ry , t o t h e 11 t h c en tu ry . T he se p ha se s w i l l b e o u t l in ed i nt h e f o l low ing c hap te r . I n t h i s c hap t e r t h e b a s i s f o r t h e d a t ing o ft h e o b jec t s a nd g r ave s f o und i nt h e c eme te r ie s w i l l b e o u t l ined . A n e xam ina t ion o fp r ev iou s s t ud ie s o ft h e s ub jec t w i l l b e f o l low ed b y a d i scu s s ion o ft h e a r t s t y le s a pp l ied a sd eco ra t ion t ot h e s u r f a ce s o fm any o ft h e m e ta l f i nd s . F o l low ing t h a t , t h e d a t ing o ft h e s ma l l n umbe r o fg r ave s t h a t c on ta ined o ne o rm o r e p o s t -Roman c o in s w i l l b e d i scu s sed . F i na l ly , as umma ry o ft h e d eve lopmen t o ft h e m a jo r c l a s se s o fg r ave g ood s f o und i nK en t w i l l b e g i v en , w i th s pec if ic e mpha s i s o n t h e s e quence o fd eve lopmen t o fK en t i sh s qua r e -headed a nd d i sc b rooche s . i . P rev iou sc hrono log ica ls cheme sa nd s t ud ie s . D oug la s , w o rk ing i n t h e l a s t d ecade s o f t h e 1 8t h c en tu ry , w a s t h e f i r s t t o r e a l i se t h a t t h e g r av e s e xcava t ed b y h im se lf , B ryan F au s se t t , a nd o t he r s , w e r e t h o se o fA ng lo -Saxon s , r a the r t h an R omano B r i ton s ( s ee C hap t e r 2a bove ) . H oweve r , i tw a s n o t u n t i l t h e 2 06 1 c en tu ry t h a t s t ud ie s o n t h e g r ave g ood s b egan t ol e ad t o ad e ta i led u nde r s tand ing o ft h e r e la t ive a nd a b so lu t e c h rono logy o ft h e K en t i sh c em e te r ie s . T he f i r s t s t udy t op r opo se as e r ie s o fd i s t inc t p ha se s f o r g r ave s f r om e a s t K en t w a s b y L eed s( 19 13 ) . H ep ropo sed f o u rp ha se s( A -D ) , s p ann ing t h ep e r iod c . AD 4 50 -650 ( s ee T ab le 2 ,w h ich s umma r i se st h ev a r iou sK en t i sh c h rono log ica ls c heme s ) . H el a t e rr e v i sed t h i s s cheme ( Leed s 1 9 36 ) ,r e c l a s s if y ing t h ef ou rp ha se s a sa n i n i t ia l ' J u t i sh p ha se ' , a' F rank i sh p ha se ' ( s ub -d iv ided i n to p r ima ry a nd s e conda ry p ha se s ) , a nd a' Ken t i sh p ha se ' . T he se p ha se s r ema ined t h e b a s i s o fc h rono log ica l s c heme s f o r e a s t K en t , a l though w i th d i f f e ren t a b so lu t e d a t e s a pp l ied , u p t o a nd i n c lud ing S on ia H awke s ' d i scu s s ion o fb ra c t ea te si nK en t( Hawk e sa nd P o l la rd 1 98 1) . C FC H awk e s , i n h i s a r t ic le ' T he J u t e s o fK en t ' ( 1 956 ) d i scu s sed L eed s ' p ha se s , a nd e qua t ed t h e F r ank i sh P ha se w i th t h e p e r iod o fS t y le Ia r t , a nd t h e K en t i sh P ha se w i th t h e i n t roduc t ion o fS t y le I . S on ia H awke s( Hawke sa nd P o l la rd 1 981) c ha ra c t e r i sed t h e ' J u t i sh P ha se ' ( c . AD 4 50 -500 ) , a s ap e r iod o fi mm ig ra t ion t oK en t h eaded b y a r i s toc ra t ic J u t i sh f am i l ie s , d i s t ingu i shed b y s ou the rn S cand inav ian r e l ief b rooche s , c r uc if o rm b rooche s , g o ld b r a c t ea te s , a nd d i s t inc t ive p o t te ry . T h i s w a s f o l low ed b y a ' F rank i sh p ha se ' ( c . AD 5 00 -525 ) , w he r e F r ank i sh m a t e r ia lb ecame d om inan t i nt h eg r ave a s semb lag e s , e i the ra s ar e su l to fi mm ig ra t ion , o rt r ade , o ri n t e r -ma r r iag e , o r ac omb ina t ion o ft h e se f a c to r s . H awk e sa r gued t h a td u r ing t h eF rank i sh p ha se ,h i gh s ta tu s ' J u t i sh ' i t em s s u ch a st h er e l ief b r ooche sa nd b r a c t ea t e s w e r e t r ea su red h e i r loom s a nd s ymbo l s o fs t a tu s a nd a ss u ch t e nded n o t t ob e d epo s i t ed i n g r ave s . D u r ing t h ef o l low ing ' K en t i sh p ha se ' ( c . AD 5 25 -560 ) ,t h e r ew a sa n i n c rea s ing h omog ene i ty o f K en t i sh c u l tu re , c omb in ed w i th i n c r ea s ing p r o spe r i ty , s i gn if ied b y t h e p roduc t ion o f d i s t inc t ive ly K en t i sh m a te r ia l ( p r ima ry g a rne t in la id d i sc b r ooche s ) . S i nce h i gh s ta tu s K en t i sh i t em s w e r e n ow b e ing p roduced , t h e o l d ' J u t i sh ' i t em s b r ough t o v e r b y t h e f i r s t i mm ig ran t s w e r e n ow r e p la ceab le a nd t h u se xpendab le ,h ence t h e i ra ppea rance a sg r ave g ood s . Wh i l s tt h i s s c heme a sf i na l ly o u t l ined b y H awk e s r a i se s s ome v a l id p o in t s , i ti sf u ndamen ta l ly f l aw ed . T he d epo s i t ion o fo b jec t s i ng r ave s i sa s sumed t oh ave d i r ec t l i nk s t os u ch f a c to r s a s p ro spe r i ty a nd e t hn ic i ty . T he a s sump t ion i sa l so m ade t h a t i t em s a r e p l a ced i ng r av e s w hen t h ey a r e r e p la ceab le o r e xpendab le . H ow eve r , t ot a k e a n e xamp le , d u r ing t h e ' Ken t i sh p ha se ' m any o ft h e K en t i sh b r ooche s

1 8

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s e en b yH awke s a ss ymbo l i s ing t h e g row ing p ro spe r i ty o fK en t , a nd K en t i sh i d en t i ty , w e re b e ing p l aced i nt h e g r ave s , a l ong s ide t h e ' e xpendab le ' b rac tea te s . T he m any o t he r s oc ia l , c u l tu ra l a nd r i tua l f a c to r s t h a tm ay h ave b een i nf luenc ing w ha t w a s d epo s i ted i ng r ave s , a nd t h e q ue s t ion o ft h e c hang ing r o le o f m o r tua ry r i tes t h roughou t t h is p e r iod , a r e n o t c on s ide red . I n a dd i t ion , t h e u se o f e t hn ic o r c u l tu ra l n ame s s u ch a s ' J u t ish ' , ' F rank i sh ' a nd ' Ken t ish ' t od ef ine t h e p ha se s i g no re s t h e m a jo r i ty o fg rave s i n e a s t K en t , a nd v i r tua l ly a l l t h e g r ave s i nw e s t K en t ( t o w h ich t h e s cheme w a s n o t i n tended t o r e f e r ) , w h ich d o n o t f i t i n to a ny o ft h e se c a tego r ie s . H oweve r , a sT ab le 2 s how s , i tw a s n o t u n t i l 1 987 , w i th V e ra E v ison 's p ub l ica t ion o f t h e c eme te ry a t B uck land , D ove r , t h a t a n a l terna t ive t o L eed s ' J u t i sh /F rank ish /Ken t i sh s cheme e me rged . T h i s c h rono logy s panned t h e p e r iod f r om t h e l a te r 5t h c en tu ry t ot h e m id -e , a l though i tw a s o n ly a pp l ied t oB uck land . N one the le s s , t h e l a rge n umbe r s o f g r ave g ood so fm any t y pe sr e cove red f r om B uck land m ade i to fw ide rr e levance .

T ab le 2 :C hrono log ica l s cheme s f or K en t , 1 913 -1987 . E as t K en t ( Leeds 1 913 ) A ( 450 -500 )

E as t K en t ( Leeds 1 936 )

E as t K en t ( C H awkes 1 956 )

E as t K en t ( Hawkes 1 981)

J u t ish P hase ( 450 -500 )

J u t ish P hase ( 450 -525 )

J u t ish P hase ( 450 -500 )

B uck land ( Ev ison 1 987 )

1 ( 475 -525 ) B ( 500 -550 )

F rank ish P hase ( 500 -525 )

F rank ish P hase I ( 500 5 55 /60 ) F rank ish P hase ( 525 5 90 /5 )

C ( 550 -600 )

K en t ish P hase 5 25 -560

2 ( 525 -575 )

F rank ish P hase I ( 555 /60 5 90 /5 ) 3 ( 575 -625 )

D ( 600 -650 )

K en t ish P hase ( 590 /5 > )

K en t ish P hase ( 590 /5 > ) 4 ( 625 -650 ) 5 ( 650 -675 ) 6 ( 675 -700 ) 7 ( 700 -750 )

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C hap te r5

R ecen t ly , ar e v i sed c h rono logy f o r 6t h c en tu ry g r ave s i n e a s t K en t h a s b een d eve loped b y B i r t e B rugmann , ( Pa rf i t t a nd B rugmann 1997 , B rugmann 1 999 ) . T h i s s c heme i sb a sed o n f ema le d r e s s a s semb lage s f r om e a s t K en t a nd b enef i t s f r om a n u p to -da te u nde r s tand ing o ft h e v a r iou s c on t inen ta l c h rono log ie s . T he c h rono log ica l f r amewo rk a dop ted f o r t h i s t h e s i s i sb a sed o n ac omb ina t ion o f B rugmann 's s c heme f o rt h e 6t h a nd e a r ly 7t h c en tu r ie sa nd E v i son 's l a te rp ha se sa tB uck land ( wh ich d u e t o g r ow ing c u l tu ra l h omog ene i ty a c ro s s K en t a nd E ng land f r om t h e 7t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s a r e m o r e w ide ly a pp l icab le t h an h e re a r l ie rp ha se s ) . B rugmann 's s c heme i sb a sed o n ar e la t ive s e quence o ff ema le d r e s sa s semb lage s f ound p r ima r i ly i ne a s t K en td u r ing t h e 6t h a nd e a r ly 7t hc en tu r ie s . O n ly b u r ia l sm ee t ing an umbe ro fc r i t e r ia a r e i n c lud ed i nh e r l i s t o fg r ave s d ef in i t e ly a s s igned t oe a ch p ha se , r e su l t ing i nv e ry s ma l l n umbe r s i n e a ch p ha se ( s ee T ab le 3 b e low ) . P ha se I i n c lude s g r ave s c on ta in ing a tl e a s t 4b rooche s , i n c lud ing K en t i sh b rooch t y pe s , b u t n o t i n c lud ing K en t i sh d i sc b r ooche s ( t h i s b rooch c omb ina t ion i sa l so f ound i nF i ng le sham g r .203 , a l though t h i sg r ave i sd a t ed t op ha se I) . E a r ly t y pe so fb uck le s w i th c l ub shaped t o ngue s , a nd n a r rowe rv e r s ion o fs h ie ld -on tongue b uck le s ,a r ea l so c ha rac te r i s t ic o ft h e se b u r ia l s . P ha se I I i sc ha ra c te r i sed b y g r ave s c on ta in ing aK en t i sh d i sc b r ooch o r p a i r o fb rooche s , c omb ined w i th o t he rb r ooche s . S h ie ld -on tongue b uck le st e nd t ob ew ide rt h an i nP ha se I . R e t ice l la , m o sa ic a nd m i l lef io r ib ead sa ppea r ,t h ough t h e se c on t inue t ob ew o rn i nP ha s eI V . I n P ha se I V , t h e w ea r ing o fm u l t ip le b r ooche s i sr e p la ced b y t h e w ea r ing o f as i ng le K en t i sh d i sc b rooch , u sua l ly a tt h e n eck . A l l t h e K en t i sh b r ooche s i nt h i s p ha se a r e o fA ven t 's C la s se s 1o r 2( s ee b e low ) . S h ie ld -on tongue b uck le s c on t inue t ob e w o rn , a nd r u s t r ed g l a s s b ead s , w i th y e l low o rw h i t e c r o s s ing t r a i l sa nd d o t s , a r ea l so c ha ra c t e r i s t ic o ft h i sp ha se . I nP ha se V ,t h ef a sh ion o f as i ng le d i sc b r ooch c on t inue s , b u tb rooche s o fA ven t 's c l a s se s 1 2g oo u to f u se ,t ob er e p la ced b yb r ooch e s o fA v en t 's c l a s se s 3o nwa rd s , p l a t ed a nd c ompo s i te d i sc b r ooch e s , a nd p endan t s ( o the rt h an b r a c t ea t e s ) . S imp le s h ie ld -on tongue b uck le s f a de o u t o fu s e , w i th b uck le s w i th t r iangu la r p l a t e s r e p la c ing t h em . P ha se V c on t inue s i n to t h e 7t h c en tu ry , a nd s i nce B rugmann w a s p r ima r i ly c oncer n ed w i th 6t h c en tu ry c h rono logy , s h e d oe sn o td i scu s s i ti nd e ta i l ( B rugmann 1 999 ) . I n p a r t icu la r , s h e d oe s n o t i d en t if y at e rm ina l d a te f o r P ha se V , a nd s ome o ft h e g r ave s s he l i s t s w i th in i t ( i b id .) d a te t ot h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 7t h c e n tu ry ( f o r e xamp le S i be r t swo ld g r . 1 72 , w i th ac o in -da ted t e rm inu sp o s tq uem o fc . AD 6 50 ) . E v i son w a s a b le t od i v ide t h e 7t h c en tu ry b u r ia ls a tB uck land i n to s e ve ra l p ha se s , a nd as c heme b a sed o n h e r s f o r t h e 7t h t o 8t h c en tu r ie s h a s b een a dop ted f o rt h i s t h e s i s ( s ee C hap t e r 6b e low ) . A s w a s s a id a bove , B rugmann w a s c oncer n ed w i th 6t h c en tu ry c h rono logy , a nd t h u s d i d n o t d ef ine p ha se sf o rt h e 5t hc en tu ry . T he d a t eo fc .5 00 f o rt h eb eg inn ing i sl a rge ly b a sed o nt h e l a ck o fi d en t if ied 5t h c en tu ry g r ave sa tM i l l H i l lI ,w h ich f o rm ed t h eb a s i s f o rm uch o fh e rw o rk . I ti sp o s s ib le t h a tP ha se Ic ou ld b ep ro jec ted b a ck i n to t h el a t e 5t h.A sB rugmann s a y s ; " . . .I t r ema in s t ob e s een f rom o t he r s i te s w he the r K en t i sh P ha se I c an b e t r aced b ack i n to t h e 51 c en tu ry , a nd w he the r ap rec ed ing . 51 7 c en tury K en t i sh P ha se Ic an b e d ef ined , w h ich o ugh t t oc ove r g ra ve s o r g roup s o fo b jec t s c on t empo ra ry w i th t h e o r ig ina l ' J u t i sh i mm ig ra t ion ' r eco rd ed i n t h e w r i t t en s ou rce s . . ." ( Pa rf i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 ,9 9 ) . Ap rov i s iona l K en t i sh P ha se Ii so u t l ined i nC hap t e r 6b e low , a nd t h e i sue o fp o s s ib le m id t ol a te 5t h c en tu ry G e rman ic i mm ig ra t ion i n to K en t , a nd t h er e la t ion sh ip o ft h e se i mm ig ran t sw i th t h eo c cupan t so f e a r l ie r 5t h c en tu ry b u r ia l s , i sd i scu s sed i nC hap t e r 1 7 . R e tur n ing t ot h e 7t h c en tu ry , i ti sa ppa r en t t h a t f r om t h e e nd o f P ha se V o nwa rd s , c hang e s i nf ema le d r e s s a r e n o l o nge r a n a pp rop r ia t e b a s i s f o r d ef in ing p ha se s . T he u s e o f as i ng le d i sc b r ooch , c ha rac te r i s t ic o fP ha se V , c on t inue s u n t i l a bou t t h e m id 7t h c en tu ry a nd i st h en r e p la ced b yt h ew ea r ing o fP endan t s a nd p i n s , as t y le o fd r e s s f o und a c ro s s A ng lo -Saxon E ng land i nt h e 7t hc en tu ry . A s s t a ted a bove ,t h ep ha se s f o rt h em id 7t h t om id 8t h c en tu r ie s u s ed i nt h i s w o rk a r eb a sed o n E v i son 's p ha se sa tB uck land . Mo r er e cen ts t ud ie s o f 7t h a nd 8t h c en tu ry g r av eg ood s a nd c h rono logy i nE ng land h ave b een c omp le ted ( Geak e 1 997 ) , o r a r e u nde rway ( b y J ohn H ine s a mong o t he r s ) , a nd r e v i sed s c heme ss im i la rt oB rugmann 's f o rt h e 6t hc en tu ry w i l lh opef u l ly s oon b ep o s s ib le .

2 0

C hap te r5

T ab le 3 :G rave s a s s igned b y B ru t mann t oP ha se s I 1V G rave A

B rooch s e t B

C

B uck le :

B uck le :

R e t ice l la ,

R us t red

C lub -shaped

S h ie ld o n t ongue

mosa ic ,

b eads w .

m i l le f io r i b eads

y e l low o r w h i te t r a i ls

t ongue B i f rons 5 1 M i l l H i l l 1 61 M i l l H i l l 1 73 B i f rons 4 1 B i f rons 4 2 F i ng lesham D 3 L ym inge 4 4 S a r re 4 B i f rons 2 9 Me rsham A B uck land 9 2 M i l l H i l l 105 H ow le t ts A F ing lesham 2 03 M i l l H i l l 1 25B

X X X X X X

X X

X X X X X X

I I

X

X

X

B uck land 3 0 M i l l H i l l 1A B uck land 5 9 ,

I X X X

X X X X X X X

B ekesbourne 122 B i f rons 7 4 B uck land 3 8 M i l l H i l l 1 64 M i l l H i l l 19 4

P hase

X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X X

I V X X X X

i . A r ts t y le s o n m e ta lwork . T he r e h a s b een m uch s t udy o ft h e d eco ra t ive a r t f ound o n much G erman ic m e ta lwo rk , f r equen t ly a tt h e e xpen se o ft h e m any o t he r t y pe s o fd a ta y i e lded b y t h e c eme te r ie s t h a t a r e t h e m a in s ou r ce f o r s u ch m e ta lwo rk . H oweve r , a pa r tf r om t h e i rp u re ly a r t -h i s to r ica l s i gn if icance , s uch s t ud ie s c an t h row l i gh to n q ue s t ion s o f c h rono logy a nd e t hn ic i ty t h a t h ave a w ide r r e levance . I ti s i n tended h e re o n ly t o s umma r i se t h eo r ig in s , d eve lopmen ta nd d eco ra t ive f o rm s o ft h e m a in a r t s t y le s r e levan tt oK en t , a nd t o c l a r if yt h e i rl i ke ly c h rono log ica l a nd e t hn ic s t a tu s . T he o r ig in s o ft h e G erman ic a r t s t y le s t h a t e me rged i nn or thern G ermany a nd s ou thern S cand inav ia d u r ing t h e 5 t h c en tu ry c an b e f o und i nt h e d eco ra t ive d e s ign s a pp l ied t o ar a nge o fl a te R oman b uck le s a nd b e l t -f i t t ing s d u r ing t h e s e cond h a lf o f t h e 4 t h c en tury . T he d i s t r ibu t ion o f t h i s ' c h ip -ca rved ' m e ta lwo rk c oncen t ra te s a l ong t h e R h ine a nd D anube f r on t ie r s , a nd i mp l ie s t h a t t h e p l ace o f m anuf ac tu re w a s s omewhe r e i nt h er eg ion b e tween t h e R h ine a nd t h e S e ine ( Ha se lof f 1 974 ) . T he c h ip c a rved d eco ra t ion w a s a pp l ied t ot h e se i t em s i ng eome t r ic a nd p l an t mo t if s . G eome t r ic ' t ongue ' a nd ' b ead -and ree l ' d e s ign s w e r ea pp l ied a l ong b o rde r s , w h i l s t s p i ra l tend r i l a nd p a lme t te p l an t l ike d e s ign s d eco ra ted s u rf ace s . I na dd i t ion t ot h e c h ip -ca rved d eco ra t ion , n a tu ra l i s t ic r e l ief a n ima l s w e re d ep ic ted i nc r ouch ing p o se s a l ong t h ee dge so fb uck le l o op s a nd p l a te s . L a te R oman moun t s w i th c h ip -ca rved d eco ra t ion h ave b een f ound i n b o th n o r thern G ermany a nd S cand inav ia ( Lund 1 938 -9 a nd B akka 1 969 ) , a nd w e re t h u s a va i lab le t ob e c op ied b y t h e t h e se r eg ion s . T ha t m e ta lwo rk ing t e chn ique s a nd d eco ra t ive s t y le s a s w e l l a s f i n ished r e ached N o r the rn G ermany i s i mp l ied b y t h e v e ry s im i la r d eco ra t ion f ound o n t h e b rooche s p roduced b e tween t h e We se r a nd E lbe e s tua r ie s d u r ing t h e l a te 4 t h a nd e a r ly 5 t h

c r af t smen o f o b jec t s a l so e qua l -a rmed c en tu r ie s . I t

h a sb een s ugge s ted ( Ha se lof f1 974 )t h a tt h e se b rooche s m ay h ave b een t h e p roduc t s o fe n s laved R oman

2 1

C hap te r5

c r af t smen w o rk ing f o r S axon m a s t e r s . T he p roduc t ion o ft h e se b r ooche s a mong s t t h e S axon s d i d n o t c on t inue b eyond t h e m ig ra t ion s t o E ng land , b u t t h e c h ip -ca rv ed s t y le a l so f o rmed t h e b a s i s f o r t h e s ou the rn S cand inav ian ` Nydam S t y le ' m e ta lwo rk , a nd f o r t h e Q uo i t B rooch S t y le i n B r i ta in ( s ee b e low ) . T hu s i ti sa ppa r en t t h a t b o th f i n i shed e xamp le s o fR oman m e ta lwo rk , a nd t h e t e chn iqu e s a nd s t y le s o ft h e i rp roduc t ion ( a s w e l l a sp e rhap s t h e c r af t smen w ho p r oduced t h em ) w e re a va i lab le i nt h e G e rman ic h ome land s i mmed ia t e ly p r io r t o t h e A d ven tu s . T h i s f a c t h a s ab ea r ing b o th o n o u r i n t e rp r e ta t ion o ft h es i gn if i cance o fl a t eR oman m e ta lwo rk f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon c eme te r ie si nE ng land a nd o no u ri d ea s a bou tt h e o r ig in so ft h e c l a s s o fo b jec t s d eco ra t ed i nt h e Q uo i tB rooch S t y le . B o th o f t h e se q ue s t ion s h ave r e levan ce t oa ny t h eo r ie s a bou tt h e e a r l ie s tp ha se s o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s o fK en t . T he Q uo i t B rooch S t y le w a s f i r s t d i scu s sed b y L eed s ( 1 936 ) , w ho i d en t if i ed i ta s as t y le o f a r t d i s t inc t iv e t o 5 t h c en tu ry B r i ta in , a nd w ho a t t r ibu ted i tt o R omano -B r i t i sh c r af t smen w o rk ing i n s ou ther n B r i ta in i mmed ia t e ly p r io r t ot h e A ng lo -Saxon i n va s ion s . T he t e rm ' Quo i t B rooch S t y le ' w a s f i r s t a pp l ied b y E g i l B akka ( 1 958 ) , d ue t o i t ' s a ppea rance o n s ome o ft h e se b r ooche s . T he s t y le i s c ha ra c t e r i sed b y t h e u se o fi n c i sed d eco ra t ion o n f l a t s u rf a ce s ; t h e r e i sn o a t temp t a tt h e u s e o ft h r ee d im en s iona l c h ip -ca rv ing o rr e l ief D e s ign s u s ed i n c lude t e nd r i l s c ro l l s , a r c -and -do t s t amp s , p e l le t in t r i ang le s t amp s , a nd a n ima l s ( u sua l ly f o rwa rd o rb a ckwa rd l o ok ing q uad ruped s ) . Wh i l s tt h e u s e o ft h e t e rm ' n a tu ra l i s t ic ' t o d e sc r ibe t h e a n ima l s h a s b een q ue s t ioned b y E v i son ( 1 965a ) , Q uo i t B rooch a n ima l sa r ec l ea r ly c l o se ri nf o rm t oL a te R oman e xamp le st h an t h e h eav i ly s t y l i sed a n ima l s o ft h e l a t e r S t y le I . T he Q uo i t B rooch S t y le i sf o und o n ar a nge o fc oppe r a loy ( a nd o cca s iona l ly s i lve r ) o b jec t s ; t h e se i n c lude q uo i t , p enannu la r a nd d i sc b rooche s , b uck le s , b e l t -f i t t ing s , s t rap -f i t t ing s , a nd p endan t s ( s ee F i gu re 1 ) . N o t a l o b jec t s p roduced b y t h e s c hoo l b o r e c omp le t e z oomo rph ic d e s ign s ; E v i son ( i b id . ) n o t ed o b jec t s d eco ra ted w i th h o r se s ' h ead s a nd h uman m a sk s , a nd a l so o b jec t s d eco ra ted o n ly w i th g eome t r ic d e s ign s . S ome o b jec t s , n o tab ly a s e r ie s o f c oppe r a loy t u be s , w h ich b ea r v e ry l i t t le d eco ra t ion ,h ave a l so b een r e cogn i sed a sb e ing p roduc t s o ft h e Q uo i t B rooch S t y le m e ta lwo rk e r s . T he t u be s a ppea r t o h ave b een p a r t o f s t rap -d i s t r ibu to r s , o f w h ich o n ly o ne c omp le t e e xamp le , f r om C roydon , S u r r ey , h a s b een f o und . I nt h e m o s t r e cen t s t udy o ft h e s ub jec t ( I nk e r 1 997 ) , at o ta l o f3 0 d ef in i t e e xamp le s w e r e i d en t if i ed , o fw h ich 1 9 w e r e b e l t e qu ipmen t , a nd 1 j ewe l le ry . O ft h e se , 1 4 p i ece sw e r ef r om K en t . T he Q uo i tB rooch S t y le h a so n ly b een r e cogn i sed i ns ou th e a s tE ng land , a nd i ne xc lu s ive ly p o s t -Roman c on tex t s ( mo s t ly A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s ) . H ow eve r , t h e q ue s t ion o ft h e s t y le 's o r ig in s a nd d a te h a s b een m uch d i spu t ed s i nce L eed s ' o r ig ina l d i scu s s ion . S ome ( e .g . H a se lof f 1 974 , H igham 1 992 ) h av e f o l low ed L eed s i n s e e ing i ta s R omano -B r i t i sh o r ' s ub -Roman ' , p roduced b y i n d ig enou s B r i t i sh c r af t smen i nw o rk shop s a c ro s s s ou ther n E ng land , p e rhap s f o r G e rman ic c u s tome r s . H awk e s ( 1 96 1) t h ough ti t' J u t i sh ' , s t re s s ing s im i la r i t ie sw i th s ou ther nS cand inav ian m e ta lwo rk , t h ough s h e l a t e rr e v i sed t h i s o p in ion , a c cep t ing a' s ub -Roman ' o r ig in . A g e r ( 1 985 ) a r gued f o r a n A ng lo -Saxon o r ig in . E v i son ( 1 965a ) c on s ide r ed t h e s t y le t ob e e s sen t ia l ly F rank i sh , p r oduced b y F rank s m ig ra t ing i n to s o u ther n E ng land i nt h e 56'c en tu ry . H oweve r , s h e l a te rr e v i sed t h i s o p in ion ( Ev i son 1 968 ) , l a rge ly a s ar e su l to f t h e d i scove ry i n1 967 o f af i ve -p iece b r onz e b e l t s e t i ng r ave 17 a t Muck ing , E s sex . T h i s s e tw a s a c opy o fl a te -Roman o f f ic ia l b e l t s u i t e s , a nd E v i son c onc luded t h a t Q uo i t B rooch S t y le b e l t e qu ipmen t w a sp r odu ced f o r : " . . .a p r i v i leg ed a nd p o s s ib ly m i l i ta ry s e c t ion o ft h ec ommun i ty , G e rman ic o ft a s t e , b u te qu ipped p a r t l y a f t e rt h eR oman f a sh ion , a nd w ho w e r e a c t ive i nt h ep e r iod s oon a f t e rt h er eco rd ed w i thd rawa lo ft h e R oman a rmy . O ne m igh ta s sume t h a tt h ey w e re f oed e ra t i i n v i t ed e a r ly i nt h e 5t h c en tu ry w ho b ecame s e t t l e r si nd ue c ou r se . . ." ( Ev i son 1 968 ,2 4 1) . R ecen ta pp roa che st ot h eQ uo i tB rooch S t y le h ave n o ta t t emp ted t oa t r ibu te i tt o as i ng le e t hn ic g r oup , b u tr a the rh ave s e en i ta s ap r oduc t o ft h e i n te ra c t ion b e tween G e rman ic a nd R omano -B r i t i sh c u l tu r e s ( Web s te ra nd B rown 1 997 ) . I n k e r( 1 997 )h a s c a r r ied o u ta n a na ly s i so ft h e p roduc t ion t e chn ique su s ed t op r oduce t h e se o b jec t s , i na n a t t emp tt of u r the r c l a r if y t h e o r ig in s a nd d a te o ft h i s i mpo r tan t c l a s s o f m e ta lwo rk . I n ke rd i v ide st h eS t y le i n to s ub -g roup s ,w h ich a r es umma r i sed i nT ab le 4b e low .

2 2

C hap t e r5

T ab le 4 : Quo i t B rooch S ty le s ub -group s a f ter I nker 1 997_ S ty le s ub g roup

Me ta lwork

P roduc t ion p er iod

1 a l b 1 c

T ypel lB b uck les F i xed p l a te b uck les D eve loped R oman s t y le b e l t p l a tes , s t rap e nds a nd s t rap s l ides W ide c h ip c arved s t y le b e l t s e ts

c .4 00 -410? c .4 00 -430 c .4 30 -440

1 d 2 a 2 b

2 c 2 d 3 a 3 b

P la in e a r ly p enannu la r a nd q uo i t b rooch f o rms D isc b rooches a nd b e l t s e tw i th c abochon g l ass s e t t ings T ype B q uo i t b rooches T ype C q uo i t b rooches Z oomo rph ic o b jec ts N on -zoomo rph ic v e rs ions o f3 a

c .4 30 -470 , c .4 40 -460? c .4 40 -460?

c .4 40 -460? c .4 40 -460? c .4 50 -470? c .4 50 -470?

I n k e r c ha rac te r i sed Q uo i t B rooch S t y le 1a s a` Roman ized ' s t y le , i n f luenced b y , o r c op ied f r om , l a t e R oman m e ta lwo rk a nd mo t if . T h i s s ub s ty le i sm a in ly f o und o n b e l t e qu ipmen t . H e d a ted i tt ot h e f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 5t h c en tu ry . Q uo i t B rooch S t y le 2 ,f ound m a in ly o n b rooche s , d eve loped d u r ing t h e m id 5t h c en tu ry , a nd c on t inued t ou s e R oman t e chn ique s , w h i l s t s how ing s ome G erman ic i nf luence s . T he f i na l d eve lopmen t w a s Q uo i t B rooch S t y le 3 , f o und o n m e ta lwo rk f o rm s w i th A ng lo -Saxon o r F rank i sh p a ra l le ls . T he z oomo rph ic e l emen t s f ound o n s ome Q uo i t B rooch S t y le 3 o b jec t s w he re s uff ic ien t ly s t y l i sed a st oa l low a n e a sy s w i tch t oS t y le Im o t if w hen t h is b ecame f a sh ionab le . I n ke r s e e s t h e Q uo i t B rooch S ty le a sb e ing : .c rea tedf rom al i m i ted t o o ls e t , w h ich w a s c ompr i sed o fo n ly p unche s a nd e ng rav ing e qu ipmen t . . . . T he e v id ence s ugge s t s t h e s t y le a s aw ho le w a s t h e r e su l t o fw ork shop s u s ing s im i la r m e ta lwo rk ing t e chn ique s , c opy ing R oman m o t if i n ap rov inc ia l w ay a nd t h e reby c r ea t ing a n a r t s ty le b y d ef au l t . . . . T he a ppa ren t ly s udd en i n t roduc t ion o ft h e Q uo i t B rooch S t y le w ou ld s eem t o b e t h e r e su l t o fs ub R omano B r i t i sh s i lverwa re a nd j ewe l lery m e ta lwo rke r s c hang ing t h e m ed ium o ft h e i r c raf ti nt h e w ake o fR oman r u le . L ikew i se t h e Q uo i tB rooch S t y le e nd s a si t sm e ta lworker s a ccu l tura te , G e rman ic s t y le s b ecome m o re f a sh ionab le a nd E ng land l o oked t owa rd s aG e rman ic r a the r t han aR oman h er i tage . . ." ( I nke r 1 997 , 7 2 ) . T he Q uo i t B rooch S ty le i st h u s a n i mpo r tan t i n d ica to r o f t h e i n te rac t ion s b e tween s ub -Roman a nd G e rman ic c u l tu re i n s ou the rn E ng land d u r ing t h e 5t h c en tu ry . I t s o ccur rence a lmo s t e xc lu s ive ly i n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s ( many d a t ing t ot h e 6t h c en tu ry ) i sn o t at r ue r e f lec t ion o fi t so r ig in s o r i t so r ig ina l c on sume r s , b u t r a the r r ef lec t s t h e a lmo s t t o ta l l a ck o fs ub -Roman c on tex t s i nt h is a r ea . G iven t h e se f a c to r s , a ny c onc lu s ion sa bou tt h e d a t ing o re t hn ic i ty o f ag r ave c on ta in ing t h is m a te r ia l m u s t b e o pen t o q ue s t ion . T he a r t s t y le k nown a sN ydam S t y le , f r om o b jec t s r e cove red f r om t h e b og a tN ydam , D enma rk , w a s s e en b y H a se lof f ( 1974 ) a s t h e r e a l s ucce s so r t o l a te R oman c h ip c a rv ing ( a s o ppo sed t o t h e Q uo i t B rooch S ty le ) . O b jec t s d eco ra ted i n t h i s s t y le h ave b een f ound a lmo s t e xc lu s ive ly i n s ou the rn S cand inav ia , b u t as i lve r r e l ief b rooch , w i th s em i -c i rcu la r h ead , w a s f ound a tC an te rbu ry ( t he e xac t p rovenance i sn o t k nown ) . T h i s b rooch , i l u s t ra ted i nF igu re 2 ,w a s p robab ly m anuf ac tu red b e tween a bou t4 50 -480 . T he N ydam S ty le i sc ha rac te r i sed b y t h e u se o fR oman m o t if s , b u t o n i n c rea s ing ly S cand inav ian f o rm s o fo b jec t s . T he u se o fa n ima l s o nb o rde r s ,t y p ica l o fl a te R oman m e ta lwo rk , w a s e ven tua l ly r e p laced i n

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t h e l a t e r e xamp le s o ft h e N ydam S t y le b y t h e d ep ic t ion o fa n ima l s i nt h e i n ne r f i e ld s o fo b jec t s ( o n R oman o b jec t sa r ea sr e se rved f o rs p i ra la nd t e nd r i lr e l ief s ) . H a se lof fa r gued ( i b id . ) t h a tt h e m o t if s a nd t e chn ique s a pp l ied t ot h e e a r l ie s t e xamp le s , s u ch a s as t rap e nd f r om E j sbe e l b og , c ou ld b e e xp la ined o n ly b y t h e m ovem en t o fc r af t smen f r om t h e f o rme r R oman Emp i re i n to D enma rk . H e s ugge s t s t h a t t h e N ydam S t y le h ad i t s o r ig in s a tt h e b eg inn ing o ft h e 5t h c en tu ry ,w a sa ti t sh e igh td u r ing t h em idd le o ft h ec en tu ry , a nd w a sr e p la ced b yS t y le Ic .4 75 . Whe the r o rn o tt h i sw a st h ec a se ,t h eN ydam S t y le p r ov ide s ad i r ec ta r t i s t ic l i nk i ns ou the rn S cand inav ia b e tween l a te R oman a r t , a nd S t y le I . B e rnha rd S a l in p ub l i shed w ha tr ema in s ac l a s s ic w o rk o na n ima l a r to fE a r ly Med ieva lE u rope i n1 904 . H e d ef ined t h r ee a r t i s t ic s t y le s , o fw h ich t h e f i r s tt wo , S t y le Ia nd S t y le I ,h ave b een f o und o n al a rge n umbe ro fo b jec t sf r om K en t . E a r ly e xamp le so fS t y le Id eco ra t ion a r ed i s t ingu i shed f r om t h ep r eced ing N ydam S t y le p r ima r i ly b yt h e r e p la cemen to fo ppo s ing s e a -c r ea tu r e so ft h eN ydam S t y le w i th t wo q uad ruped so ra n ima l -men f l ank ing ah uman m a sk . T he s e a -c r ea tu r e s w e r e d i r ec t ly d e scended f r om t h e D o lph in s c ommon o n e xamp le s o f L a te R oman m e ta lwo rk . T he d eve lopmen t o ft h e se i n to l a nd -ba sed q uad ruped s , a nd t h e i n se r t ion o fa h uman m a sk b e tween t h em , h a s b een s e en a sr e p r e sen t ing t h e a cqu i s i t ion a nd a b so rp t ion o fR oman i mage ry i n to t h e my tho log ica l s c heme o ft h eG e rman ic p eop le s ( Ha se lof f1 974 ) . T he h uman m a sk a nd t h e q uad ruped w e r e t or ema in c en t ra l f e a t u r e s o fS t y le Ia r t . A no the r f e a tu r e t h a t d i s t ingu i she s e a r ly S t y le If r om t h eN ydam S t y le i st h e i n t roduc t ion o fc on tou r l i ne s a r ound n o t o n ly t h e e x ter n a l o u t l ine s o fa n ima l s ,b u ta l so a r ound t h e i ri n d iv idua l l i mb s( i b id . ) . A s S t y le Id eve loped d u r ing t h e 6t"c en tu ry i nE ng land , i t s i mage s b ecame i n c r ea s ing s t y l i sed , w i th a n ima l a nd h uman f i gu r e s a nd m a sk s b ecom ing i n c r ea s ing ly b r ok en u p a nd d i s jo in ted , w i th i n d iv idua l p a r t so fe a ch i mag eb ecom ing s e pa ra t ed . T h i sf e a tu r eo fS t y le I ,a nd t h e a ppa r en t ly c hao t ic i mag e st h u s p r oduced , w e r e f o r al o ng t im e r e ga rd ed a se v idence o f al a ck o fu nde r s tand ing o ft h e i mag e s o n t h e p a r t o ft h e c r af t sman , a nd o fb a rba r ic d egene ra t ion f r om R oman a r ts t y le s . H oweve r , D av id L e igh h a s d emon s t ra ted ( 1984b )t h a tt h ea ppa r en tj umb le o fi mage sf o und i nm uch S t y le Ia r two rk a r ea c t ua l ly t h e r e su l t o f ac l eve ru se o fa mb igu i ty t op r oduce i mage s w ho se m ean ing c hange s d epend ing o nt h e p o in t f r om w h ich t h ey a r e v i ewed . T hu s w ha t a ppea r s t ob e a n a n ima l v i ew ed i no ne w ay b ecome s ah a lf h uman m a sk w hen t u rned t h rough 9 0 ° . L e igh h a st h u s s hown t h a t S t y le Ii mage ry c an b e r e ga rded a sa c omp lex s e r ie so fv i sua lp uzz le s . I ti sav e ry s oph i s t ica ted a r tf o rm ,n o t ad egene ra t eo ne . S a t in 's S t y le If i r s t d eve loped i ns ou ther n S cand inav ia ( s pec if i ca l ly , J u t land ) d u r ing t h e 2nd h a lf o ft h e 5t h c en tu ry , p e rhap s a r ound 4 75 ( Bakka 1 958 ; H a se lof f1 974 , 1 981) . Among t h e e a r l ie s t o b je c t s u pon w h ich i ta ppea r s w e r e ag r oup o fs i lve rr e l ief b r ooche s ( Ha se loffs J u t land ic G roup ) , o fw h ich p e rhap s t h e e a r l ie s t w a s t h e e qua l -a rmed b r ooch f r om G a l s t ed , J u t land . H a se lof fi d en t if ied t wo m a in s t y l i s t ic g r oup sw i th in t h i sb rooch t y pe . T he b r ooche s i nt h ee a r l ie ro ft h e se g r oup s( F igu r e2 ) ,w h ich i n c luded a b r ooch f r om F i ng le sham g r ave D 3 , w e r e , a c co rd ing t o H a se lof f , p r obab ly m anuf a c tu red b e tw een c . 4 80 -500 ( Ha se lof f1 974 , 1 98 1) . S on ia H awke s a r gued t h a t F i ng le sham D 3 w a s p robab ly m anuf a c tu red a bou t 4 75 -80 ( Hawke s a nd P o l la rd 1 981) . H a se lof f ( 1 974 , 1 981) s ugge s t s t h a t t h e l a te r b r ooche s , w h ich i n c luded p i ece s f r om B if ron s g r ave 4 1 , G i l ton g r ave 4 8 , C op S t r ee t ( s ome t ime s e r roneou s ly r e f e r r ed t oa sb e ing f r om R ichbo rough ) , a nd Ma r ty r 's F i e ld C an te rbu ry ,w e r ep robab ly m anuf ac t u r ed i n t h e f i r s tt wo d ecade so ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . H awke st h ough tt h a tt h eb rooch f r om B if ron s4 1 w a sp r obab ly t h e e a r l ie s t o ft h e se , a nd s ugge s t ed ad a t e o fm anuf a c tu r e b e tween c .5 00 -510 ( Hawke s a nd P o l la rd 1 98 1) . H awke s a nd H a se lof fb o th a g r eed t h a tt h e se b r ooche s w e re m anuf ac tu red i no ra r ound J u t land , a nd t h a t t h e e xamp le s f o und i n K en t r e p r e sen t ed i mpo r t s , a l though B ak l ca ( 1 958 ) a r gued f o r t h e e x i s tence o f ac r af t sman , ' t he K en t i sh m a s t e r ' , w ho h ad l e ar n t h i s t r ad e i nJ u t land b ef o re m ig ra t ing t o K en t a nd p rodu c ing b rooche s t h e r e . T he s ub sequen t d eve lopmen t o f t h e K en t i sh s qua r e -h ead ed b r ooche s ,f o l low ed b yd i sc ,p l a ted a nd c ompo s i t eb r ooche s ,w i l lb ef u r th e rd i scu s sed b e low . Af t e r i t s o r ig in s o n S cand inav ian r e l ief b r ooche s , S t y le Ia r two rk w a s e mp loyed o n ar a nge o fo t h e r o b jec t t y pe s . I nK en t t h e m o s t n o tab le e xamp le s i n c lude K en t i sh s qua r e -headed a nd d i sc b rooche s , s qua r e b e l t p l a te s , a nd b r a c tea te s . W i th t h e e xcep t ion o f b r ac tea t e s , m o s t o f t h e se w e re p robab ly m anuf ac tu r ed i nK en t . B ra c tea t e s , l i ke t h e r e l ief b r ooche s , h ad t h e i r o r ig in s i nD enma rk . T ype s A -C w e r e b a sed o n R oman c o in s , b u t D -b ra c tea te s b ea r S t y le Ia r t . B y 1 981 2 1 S cand inav ian g o ld b r a c t ea te s h ad b een f o und i ng r ave s i nE a s t K en t ( Hawke s a nd P o l la rd 1 98 1) , a nd 3o t he r s h ave s i nce

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b een f o und a tB uck land ( Pa rf i t t 1 995b ) . W i th t h ee xcep t ion o f aB -b rac tea t e f r om B if ron sg r ave 2 9 , a l w e re D -b rac tea te s ( s ee F i gu r e 3f o r a n e xamp le o fs ome B ra c t ea te s f r om K en t ) . H awke s h a s a r gued t h a t t h e e a r l ie s t D -b ra c tea t e s ( b ra c t ea t e s w i th S t y le Io r namen ta t ion ) b egan t o b e m anuf a c tu r ed i n D enma rk c .4 75 , a bou t t h e s ame t i me a st h e r e l ief b r ooche s , a nd r e a ched K en t a tt h e s ame t ime a nd s o c ia l l e ve l a st h o se b rooche s ( Hawk e s a nd P o l la rd 1 98 1) . D -B rac tea te s s e em t oh ave c on t inued t ob e m anuf ac tu r ed i nS cand inav ia , a nd i mpo r t ed t oK en t , p e rhap s a s l a t e a s t h e m idd le o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry ( i b id . ) . A l though t h e m anuf ac tu re a nd w ea r ing o fs qua r e -headed b rooche s , D -b ra c tea te s , a nd s qua r e b uck le p l a te sw a s m a in ly r e s t r ic ted i nK en tt ob ef o r e a bou t 5 60 , S t y le Id eco ra t ion c on t inued t ob e a pp l ied o n K en t i sh g a rne t in la id d i sc b rooche s u n t i lt h e e nd o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . H oweve r , b yt h e l a te 6t h c en tu ry , a n ew s t y le o fd eco ra t ive a r two rk , S a l in 's S t y le I ,b egan t os upp lan t S t y le Io n K en t i sh m e ta lwo rk . S t y le Ia r two rk i nE ng land h a sb een f a i r ly c omp r ehen s iv e ly d i scu s sed b y S peak e ( 1980 ) . L ike S t y le I ,S t y le Ii sb e l iev ed t o h ave h ad S cand inav ian o r ig in s ( Hawk e s a nd P o l la rd 1 981) , a l though i tp r obab ly r e a ched E ng land v i at h e F rank i sh k i ngdom s , w he r ee xamp le s o fi th ave b een f ound . I ti sc ha ra c te r i sed b ys moo th , i n te r la c ing a n ima l s . Wh i l s tt h ea n ima l sb ea rs ome r e semb lance t oS t y le Ia n ima l s ,t h ey h av e am uch m o re ' s inuou s ' a nd ' h a rmon ic ' a ppea rance , a nd t h e i n te r tw in ing o f s e pa ra te c r ea tu r e s i sa f e a tu r en o tf ound i nS t y le I . Ad i s t inc t ive f i gu r e i st h ec r ouch ing b ea s t , c ommon i nS t y le I ,b u ti nS t y le Io f t en b a ckwa rd b end ing a nd i n t e r la c ing w i th i t so wn b ody . T he o r ig in s o ft h i s ' b ack -b i t ing ' b ea s t c an p o s s ib ly b e s e en i nv e ry s t y l i sed ( S ty le I )b a ckwa rd f a c ing a n ima l s f o und o nK en t i sh d i sc b r ooche s o fA ven t 's c l a s s 3( Aven t 1 975 ; L e igh 1 984a ) . T he se t h en b ecome t h e f u l ly b a ck -b i t ing a n ima l s s e en o nb rooche s o fA ven t 's c l a s s 4( i b id . ) . T he l a t t e rm o r e c l o se ly r e semb le S t y le I f i gu re s t h an S t y le I . E xamp le so ft h e se a n ima l sa r ei l u s t ra ted i nF i gu r e4 . Mo r e d ef in i te S t y le I a r two rk h a s b een f o und i n K en t a pp l ied t o K en t i sh g o ld b r a c t ea t e s , s wo rd p omme l s , a nd b uck le p l a t e s a nd b e l t m oun t s . T he K en t i sh b r ac tea te s w e re p roduced a f t e r s upp l ie s o f g o ld c o in f r om t h ec on t inen tb ecame a va i lab le i nt h e l a t e 6t hc en tu ry . I tw a so nce t h ough tt h a tt h e r ew a s ap au se b e tween t h e e nd ing o fi mpo r t s o fS cand inav ian D -B rac tea te s i nt h e m id 6t h c en tu ry , a nd t h e p r oduc t ion o fK en t i sh e xamp le s ( Hawk e s a nd P o l la rd 1 98 1) ; t h i s v i ew i sn o l o nge r c u r r en t . Wh i l s t S t y le I h a sg ene ra l ly b een r e ga rded a sb e ing p r edom inan t ly ap roduc to ft h e 7t h c en tu ry i nE ng land , a nd w h i l s t m o s t o ft h e m a te r ia l b ea r ing S t y le I d eco ra t ion d oe s p robab ly p o s t d a te 6 00 , o b jec t s b ea r ing p o s s ib ly e a r ly p r ecu r so r s o fS t y le I d eco ra t ion h av e b een i d en t if ied i nK en t a nd e l sewhe r e w h ich c an b e d a ted t ot h e 6t h c en tu ry . P o s s ib ly t h e e a r l ie s t e xamp le i st h e r i ng swo rd p omme l f r om C oombe , Woodne sbo rough . T h i s s i lve r p omme l b ea r s z oomo rph ic or namen t a nd i n te r la ce w o rk , w h ich a r e n o t p r e sen t o n t h e o t he r K en t i sh r i ng swo rd s ( Dav id son a nd Web s te r 1 967 ) . Wh i l s t t h e a n ima l or n amen t ( s ee F igu r e4 )i s" . . .undoub t ed ly S t y le I . ." ( i b id . , 3 1 ) , Web s te ra r gued t h a ti t ss t r eam l ined a nd c o i l ing b od ie s o ft h e c r ea tu r e s w e r e p r ecu r so r s o ft h e S t y le I a n ima l s o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry , i np a r t icu la r t h e a n ima l s o nt h e l a t e 7t h c en tu ry p omme l f r om C runda le D own s . T he c omb ina t ion o ft h e se a n ima l sw i th t h e i n t e r la ce w o rk o n t h e g r ip m oun t s o ft h e s wo rd ( i n t e r la ce b e ing c ommon ly a s soc ia ted o n o b jec t s w i th S t y le I a n ima l s ) l e d Web s t e r t os ugge s t t h a t t h e d eco ra t ion o n t h e C oombe h i l t r e p r e sen t ed t h e w o rk o f ac r af t sman a ccu s tom ed t ou s ing S t y le I ,b u te xpe r imen t ing w i th e l emen t so fS t y le I . T hu st h i s s wo rd h i l t c ou ld b e r e ga rded a s" . . .po i sed o n t h e g r ea t d i v ide b e tween S t y le s Ia nd I . . ." ( i b id . , 3 2 ) . Web s t e r d a t ed t h e m anuf a c tu r e o ft h e C oombe s wo rd t ob e tween 50 -590 , a nd p l aced t h e b u r ia l i t s e lf s ome t ime i nt h e l a s t q ua r t e r o ft h e 6t h c en t u ry . T hu s , S t y le I i nK en t c an b e s e en t oh ave m ade i t s e a r l ie s t a ppea rance s s ome t ime d u r ing t h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . H ow eve r , f u l ly d ev e loped S t y le I a r two rk w a sm a in ly ap r odu c to ft h e 7t hc en tu ry . I n c onc lu s ion , t h e o r ig in s a nd d eve lopmen t o f t h e a r t i s t ic s t y le s e mp loyed t o d eco ra t e m e ta lwo rk p rov ide ab r oad c h rono log ica l f r amewo rk i n to w h ich m any o ft h e i t em s d epo s i ted i nt h e b u r ia l s o f n o r th -we s t er nE u rope i nt h e l a te a nd p o s t -Roman p e r iod sc an b e f i t t ed . W i th in K en t , o b jec t sd eco ra t ed i nl a te o r s ub -Roman p rov inc ia l s t y le s , Q uo i t B rooch s t y le , a nd t h e N ydam s t y le h ave b een f o und i n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l c on t ex t s ; a l t h e se o b jec t s w h e r e m anuf a c tu r ed d u r ing t h e l a te 4t h o r 5t h c en tu r ie s , t h ough i nm any c a se s t h ey w e r e n o t d epo s i t ed i ng r ave s u n t i l t h e 6t h c en tu ry . O b jec t s b ea r ing S t y le I d eco ra t ion s e em t o h ave b een m anuf a c tu r ed i nS cand inav ia f r om c .4 75 o nwa rd s , a nd t oh av e b een c a r r ied t o K en t s oon t h e r eaf t e r . K en t i sh m anuf a c tu re o f i t em s d eco ra t ed w i th S t y le Is pan s t h e 6t h c en tu ry , a nd m ay h ave b egun i nt h e l a t e 5t h c en tu ry . A nd b y t h e e nd o f t h e 6t h c en tu ry , K en t i sh c r af t smen w e r eb eg inn ing t od eco ra t em e ta lwo rk w i th S t y le I or namen t ,c on t inu ing t od os ot h roughou t t h e 7t h c en tu ry . T hu sw eh ave ab a s ic r e la t ive c h rono log ica l s equence f o rd eco ra ted m e ta l g r ave g ood s f r om K en t . T he a b so lu t e d a t e s a f f ixed t ot h e b eg inn ing s a nd e nd s o fa r t s t y le s ( a nd , i n deed , f o r t h e

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t r an s i t iona l d eve lopmen t s w i th in t h em ) , a r e i nK en t h eav i ly r e l ian t o n C on t inen ta l d a t ing , w h ich i t s e lf u l t ima te ly d epend s o n c o in -da ted g r av e s . T he r e la t ion sh ip b e tween K en t i sh a nd C on t inen ta l c h rono logy h a sr e cen t ly b een d i scu s sed b yB r ugmann ( 1 999 ) , a sm en t ioned i nt h ep r ev iou s s e c t ion , a nd h e r s t ud ie s a r e r e l ied o n h e r e , a s s p a ce d oe s n o t p e rm i t ar e a s se s smen t o fC on t inen ta l c h rono log ie s . H oweve r , as ma l l n umbe r o fg r ave s c on ta in ing p o s t -Roman c o in s h ave b een d i scove r ed i nK en t , a nd t h e se w i l lb ed i scu s sed n ex t . i v . C o in -da ted g rave s i nK en t . A t l e a s t 1 7 18 g r ave s c on ta in ing c o in s d a t ing t ot h e 5m,6m,7t h o r 8t h c en tu r ie s h ave b een d i scov e r ed i n K en t ,a nd af u r the rn umbe ro ff i nd s o fc o in sm ay h av e c ome f r om b u r ia lc on tex t s . Al i s to fm o s to ft h e r e co rded b u r ia l sf r om K en tt h a tc on ta ined p o s t -Roman c o in si sg i ven i nT ab le 5b e low ( s ome g r ave sf o r w h ich d a ta i sn o t c u r r en t ly a va i lab le a r e e x c luded ) . T he d a t ing o ft h e s c ea t ta s i sf r om R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 . I na dd i t ion t ot h o se g r ave s l i s ted i nT ab le 5 ,f i nd s o fp o s t -Roman c o in s f r om b u r ia l s , o rp r obab ly f r om b u r ia l s , h ave b een m ade a tB i rch ing ton , C an te rbu ry , F a rn ingham , F ave r sham , F i ng le sham , K ing s ton , M i l ton R eg i s , O zenge l l , R ecu lve r , R ichbo rough a nd W ro tham ( a nd i na dd i t ion t og r ave 2 32 t wo f u r the r g r ave sc on ta in ing c o in sw e re a l so f o und a tB uck land i n1 994 ) . I tc an b e s e en f r om T ab le 5t h a t , a l though t h e c o in s p r ov ide at e rm inu sp o s t q uem f o r t h e b u r ia l s , i n s e ve ra l c a se sa s soc ia ted f i nd s p o in tt o ad a te o fb u r ia l m uch l a t e r . C lea r ly c o in s c ou ld b e k ep tf o rl o ng p e r iod sb ef o r eb e ing d epo s i ted i n ab u r ia l , af a c to rw h ich l i m i t st h e i ru s ef u lne s sf o rd a t ing .

T ab le 5 :G rave sc on ta in ing o s t -Roman c o in s f r om K en t . TPQ o f L ik e ly D a te o f A s soc ia ted G rave C o ins D a t e a b l e F i n d s B u r i a l c o in s C ha tham L ine sI

I xA n them iu s

4 67

S ane 2 86 G i l ton 4 1 B a rf r i s ton 2 5 B uck land 2 9 B uck land 2 32 S an eA

J u s t in ian I J u s t in ian I J u s t in ian I Me rov ing ian G o ld C o in 4G o ld C o in s

5 27 5 27 5 27 5 70 ? 6 15

G o ld C o in s

6 50 6 60 6 60 6 60 6 85 6 85 7 20

S i be r t swo ld 1 72 S an e2 26 O ld P a rk I B u ck land 10 B r ea ch D own sA B rad s tow S choo lL C an t e rbu ry X 1

2S cea t ta s 2S cea t ta s 2S cea t ta s 5 6 S cea t ta s 8S cea t ta s S cea t

R ad ia t e ,s qua r e -head ed & b u t ton b r ooche s ,b uck le s P endan t ,a mbe rb ead s D i sc b r ooch ,a me thy s tb ead B uck le ,p o t t e ry b o t t le D i sc b r ooch ,g o ld p endan t G la s sb ead s C ompo s i t ed i sc b r ooch , a me thy s tb ead s P endan t s ,a me thy s tb ead s N one N one I v o ry c a se ,s h ea r s N one B uck le N on e

c .5 00 -530 c .5 30 -600 c .5 80 -6 10 c .6 50 -700 c .5 80 -625 e nt h

c .6 15 -630 c .6 50 -660 c .6 60 -680 c .6 60 -680 c .6 75 -700 c .6 85 -700 c .6 85 -700 c .7 20 -730

I np a r t icu la r , t h e 5m a nd 6t h c en tu ry c o in s a r eo fl i t t le u s ea sd a t ing t o o l s , o t he rt h an i nt h em o s tg ene ra l s e n se , s i nce m o s t a r e a s soc ia ted w i th g r av e g ood s t h a t c l ea r ly p o s t -da te t h em b y ac on s id e rab le p e r iod ( s pec if i ca l ly ,t h er a d ia t e a nd s qua re -headed b r ooche s i nC ha tham L ine s I ,w h ich m u s td a t et ot h ee a r ly 6m c en tu ry ,t h e s i ng le K en t i sh d i sc b rooch a nd a me thy s tb ead i nG i l ton 4 1 , p o in t ing t o ad a te o fb u r ia l i nt h e l a te 6t h o rv e ry e a r ly 7t h c en tu ry , a nd t h eb uck le w i th t r i angu la rp l a te , o fp robab le l a t e 7m c en t u ry d a te , i nB a rf r i s ton 2 5 ) . T h i s l e ave s u sw i th a lmo s tn o c l o se ly d a t ed c o in g r ave s f r om K en t f o rt h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ie s , f o r c ing u s t o r e ly o n t y po logy a nd C on t inen ta l p a ra l le l s f o r o u r d a t ing o f g r ave s d u r ing t h i s p e r iod . I nt h e 7m a nd 8m c en tu r ie s , c o in g r ave s d o p l ay a n i mpo r tan t p a r t i nt h e K en t i sh c h rono logy . P e rhap st h e m o s t i mpor tan tb u r ia l i nt h i s r e ga rd i sS i be r t swo ld 1 72 , w h ich c on ta ined g o ld Me rov ing ian c o in s o fm in ted a t Ma r sa l a nd V e rdun , d a tab le t o a bou t 6 50 ( Hawk e s 1 990 ) . I ta l so c on ta ined al a rg en umbe ro fo t he rf i nd s , i n c lud ing 8p endan t sa nd a me thy s tb ead s( s ee F igu r e5 ) . O the r e v idence s ugge s t s t h a tt h e w ea r ing o fb rooche s a sp a r t o ft h e f u ne ra l d r e s s h ad v i r tua l ly c ea sed b yt h e t i me o ft h i s b u r ia l ( s ee b e low ) . S i be r t swo ld 1 72 i si mpo r tan t i nt h a t i ts how s t h a t r i ch f ema le b u r ia l s , w i th p endan t s b u tw i thou tb rooche s , w e r e t a k ing p l a ce i nt h e m idd le d ecade s o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry . I nt h e

2 6

C hap t e r5

2 'd h a lf o f t h e 7t h c en tu ry t h e s upp ly o f g o ld c o in s t o K en t s e em s t o h ave c ea sed , b u t K en t i sh m anuf a c tu r e o f as i lve r c o inage , t o day u sua l ly t e rmed s c ea t ta s , g o t u nde rway . An umbe r o fb u r ia l s f r om K en th ave y i e lded s c ea t ta s( s ee T ab le 5a bove ) . U nf o r tuna te ly , f ew o ft h em c on ta ined m any o t he r f i nd s , m ak ing t h e u s ef u lne s s o ft h e se c o in s f o r t h e d a t ing o fo t he r l a t e 7t h a nd e a r ly 8t h c en tu ry f i nd s v e ry l i m i ted . Wha t t h e s c ea t ta s d o p rov ide i st h e l a t e s t f i rm ly d a tab le g r ave g ood s i nA ng lo -Saxon K en t ; ac h i ld 's g rave a tS t . P anc ra s ' C hu r ch ,C an t e rbu ry , c on ta ined as i ng le s c ea t( b u tn oo t he rf i nd s )o f R igo ld a nd Me tca lf sS e r ie s V( t ype 7 ) , d a tab le t oc .7 20 -725 ( R igo ld a nd Me t ca lf 1 984 ) . An umbe ro f o t h e r s c ea t ta s d a t ing t ob e tw een 7 00 t o7 40 m ay a l so h ave c ome f r om g r ave s a t an umbe r o fs i t e s i n K en t , i n c lud ing B i r ch ing ton , S t . D un s tan 's ( Can t e rbu ry ) , K ing s ton , R ichbo rough , a nd Wro tham , b u t t h e i r e xa c t c on tex t i sn o t k nown . I ti sc l ea r f r om t h e se f i nd s , h oweve r , t h a t s ma l l n umbe r s o fg r ave g ood sw e re b e ing d epo s i ted i nK en t a sl a te a st h e 7 20 's o r3 0 's a tl e a s t . T he c omp le te a b sence o fa ny c o in s l a t e rt h an a bou t 7 40 f r om k nown o rp r obab le b u r ia l c on tex t s i nK en tm ay s ugge s tt h a t d epo s i t ion o fg r av eg ood sh ad a l b u tc ea sed b yt h i sd a te . T he d a t ing e v idence p rov ided b y K en t i sh c o in g r ave s c an b e s e en , t h en , t ob e f a i r ly l i m i t ed , a nd f a r m o r er e l iance f o ra b so lu te d a t ing i sp l a ced o n p a ra l le l sw i th o b jec t s f r om C on t inen ta l c o in g r ave s . F o r t h e r e la t ive d a t ing , a nd r e la t ive a b so lu te d a t ing , o fb u r ia l s w i th in K en t , t h e t y po logy a nd d eve lopmen t o ft h ev a r iou sc l a s se so fg r ave g ood si sm o r ei mpo r tan t . v .D eve lopmen to f ma ter ia lc u l ture . C hang e s i nt h et y pe sa nd f o rm so fg r ave g ood sd epo s i t ed i nb u r ia l sc an b et r aced o ve rt ime ,p rov id ing a r e la t ive c h rono log ica l s equence o fo b jec t s a nd a s soc ia t ion s , t ow h ich r e la t ive a b so lu te ( b u tv e ry r a re ly a b so lu t e ) d a te s c an b e a pp l ied u s ing e v idence f r om o t he rs ou r ce s ( s uch a sc o in s ) . D if f e r en t c l a s se s o f o b jec t s a r e o f v a ry ing u s ef u lne s s a s d a t ing t o o l s . S ome , s u ch a s k n ive s o r k ey s , d i sp lay l i t t le d ev e lopmen t o f f o rm o ve r t i me , m ak ing t h em , o n t h e i r o wn , o f v e ry l i t t le u s e i n d a t ing a b u r ia l . Weapon s , am a jo rc l a s so fg r ave g ood s i nm a le b u r ia l s ,t h ough c omp r i s ing an umbe ro ft y pe sa nd f o rm s w h ich d o d i sp lay c hang e o ve rt ime , a r e s t i l l o fo n ly l i m i t ed u s ef u lne s s f o rd a t ing , u n le s s p r ov ided w i th d e co ra t ed f i t t ing s ( s uch a sr i ng swo rd s ) . I nc on t ra s t , m any t y pe s o fb rooch , p a r t icu la r ly t h o se b ea r ing e l abo ra t e d eco ra t ion , h ave b een e xhau s t ive ly s t ud ied , a nd t h e i r d a te o fm anuf a c tu re c an b e g i ven t o w i th in af ew d ecade s . Ac omp le te s u rvey o ft h e d a t ing o fa l t h e c l a s se s o fo b jec t s f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s i nK en t w ou ld b e am a jo rp ro jec t i ni t so wn r i gh t ; t h i st h e s i s i sm o r e c oncer n ed w i th t h e o ve ra l l b u r ia l r i t e , a nd t h u ss uch as u rvey i sn o tw i th in i t ss c ope . H oweve r , ab r ief o u t l ine o ft h eg ene ra ld ev e lopmen to fs ome o ft h em a jo rc l a s se so fd a tab le o b jec t sf r om K en t i sh g r ave s i sn ece s sa ry . A s w a s s t a t ed a bove , t h e v a r iou s c l a s se s o fw eapon s f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s ( swo rd s , s e axe s , a x e s , s h ie ld s , s pea r s , a r row s ) , h ave g ene ra l ly p r ov ed t oh ave b een o n ly l i m i t ed u se f o r d a t ing . Of t en , w eapon s c an o n ly b e u s ed t od a te ab u r ia l t ow i th in ar a ng e o f5 0 t o 1 00 y ea r s , i ft h a t ( t hough w i th p a r t icu la r ly e l abo ra te e xamp le s , c l o se r d a t ing i ss ome t ime s p o s s ib le ) . H oweve r , ag ood d ea l o fw o rk h a sb een d one i nr e cen t d ecade s o n A ng lo -Saxon w eapon s ; n o tab ly E v i son ( 1 967a a nd 1 975a ) o n r i ng s wo rd s , S wan ton ( 1973 a nd 1 974 )o n s p ea rhead s , D ick in son a nd H ä rke ( 1 992 ) o n s h ie ld s , a nd H awke s ( 1 989a ) a nd H ä rke ( 1 992 ) o n w eapon s g ene ra l ly . A l l t h e se h ave m ade a c on t r ibu t ion t o o u r u nde r s tand ing o ft h e c h rono logy o fe a r ly A ng lo -Saxon w eapon s . I n a dd i t ion , ap ape r c oncer n ing a c ompu t e r i sed s e r ia t ion o f as amp le o fA ng lo -Saxon m en 's g r ave s ( S t i lbo rg 1 992 ) p rov ided e v idence o f c h rono log ica l t r end s i nt h e d ev e lopmen t o ft h e se w eapon s . F i gu r e 6 ,t a k en f r om H ä rk e 's t h e s i s o n A ng lo -Saxon w eapon g r ave s , i l u s t ra te st h eb a s ic s e qu ence so fA ng lo -Saxon w eapon t y pe s . I nK en t , a xe s , a lway s r a r e a mong s t A ng lo -Saxon w eapon b u r ia l s , t e nd t ob e f ound i n 5t h a nd e a r ly t o m id 6t h c en tu ry b u r ia l s , r a the rt h an l a t e r . I nc on t ra s t , s e axe s a nd a r row s a r e m a in ly f o und i nl a te 6t h o r 7t hc en tu ry g r ave s . T he r ema in ing c l a s se s o fw eapon s , s wo rd s , s h ie ld s a nd s p ea r s , o ccu ri ng rave s f r om t h e 5t ht o 7t hc en tu r ie s . O ft h e se t y pe s , s h ie ld s t e nd t ob e t h e m o s t u s ef u l f o r d a t ing , s i nce ar e la t ive ly e s tab l i shed t y po logy o f s h ie ld -f i t t ing s h a s n ow b een d eve loped ( D ick in son a nd H ä rk e 1 992 ) . An umbe r o fg roup s o fs h ie ld b o s sw e r e i d en t if i ed b y D ick in son a nd H ä rke . T he e a r l ie s t i st h e R henen -Ve rmand t y pe o ft h e l a te 4t h t oe a r ly 5t h c en tu r ie s , a n e xamp le o fw h ich w a s f o und a tR ichbo rough . 5t h t oe a r ly 6t h c en tu ry t y pe s ( D ick in son a nd H ä rke 's g roup s 4 , 5 ,a nd 1 . 2 ) a r e c ha rac te r i sed b y s t ra igh t s i ded c a r ina ted d ome s .

2 7

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T he se d eve lop i n to g roup s 1 . 1 a nd 2 ,w i th l a rg e d i sc a pexe s a nd w ide f l ange s , w h ich o ccu rt h roughou t t h e 66 1 c en tu ry ( b eg inn ing b ef o re 5 00 ) . T he g r oup 3 s h ie ld -bo s s i sc ha ra c te r i sed b y al ow r ounded d ome , w i th d i sc a pex , a nd r e a sonab ly w ide f l ang e . T h i s t y pe w a s m anuf ac tu red t h roughou tt h e 6t h a nd f i r s th a lf o ft h e 7t h c en tu r ie s , a nd i sb yf a rt h ec ommone s tt y pe f o und i nK en t . F rom t h e l a t e 6t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , d omed s h ie ld -bo s se s w i th as ma l l a pex , n a r row f l ange s , a nd a s l igh t o r a b sen t c a r ina t ion , a ppea r ( g roup s 6a nd 8 ) , a nd f r om t h e m id 7t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s t h e t a l l a nd d i s t inc t ive ` s uga r loar s h ie ld -bo s se s ( D ick in son a nd H ä rke 's g r oup 7 ) a ppea r . T og e the r w i th t y po log ie s f o r o t he r s h ie ld f i t t ing s ( n o tab ly g r ip s ) , t h i s s e r ie s o f g r oup s p r ov ide s w ha t a ppea r s t o b e ar e la t ive ly c on s i s ten t c h rono log ica l s e quence o fd eve lopmen t , w h ich m ay y e tb e f u r the rr ef ined . H ow eve r , f ew s h ie ld s a l one c an d a t e ab u r ia lc l o se rt h an a bou t5 0y ea r s . At y po log ica l d eve lopmen to fs wo rd t y pe s , r a ng ing f r om t h e e a r ly 5t h c en tu ry F e l twe l l t y pe , t h rough t o t h eH o lbo rough t y pe o ft h e l a t e r 7t h c en tu ry , h a s a l so b een e s tab l i shed . H oweve r , s wo rd sa r e o f t en n o t a su s ef u l f o r d a t ing a sa r e s h ie ld s . C lo se d a t ing u sua l ly r e l ie s o n t h em h av ing d eco ra ted p omme l s o r h i l t s , w h ich m any d o n o th ave . F u r the rmo r e , t h e r e i se v id ence t h a t n ew h i l t s a nd p omme l s w e r e o f t en f i t t ed t oo l ds wo rd s ,a nd t h a ts wo rd sm ay o f t en h ave b een k ep tf o rm any y ea r sb ef o re b e ing d epo s i t ed i n ag r ave . H ence ,s wo rd sa r eo f ten o fo n ly l i m i ted u s ei nd a t ing ab u r ia l . S pea r s a r e t h e m o s t c ommon w eapon t y pe f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . T he i r m a in s u rv ivab le c omponen t , t h e s p ea rhead , h a s b een t h e s u b jec t o f ac l a s s if ica t ion b y S wan ton ( 1974 ) . S wan ton 's s y s t em o ft y pe s i sr a the r u nw ie ldy , w i th m any s p ea rhead s n o t f i t t ing e a s i ly i n to i t . F u r the rmo r e , m any s p ea rhead t y pe s w e r e i np roduc t ion t h roughou t t h e 5t h t o 7t h c en tu r ie s , m ak ing t h e i r u s ef u ln e s s f o r d a t ing t h u sv e ry l i m i t ed . N one the le s s , s ome g ene ra lt r end s i ns p ea rhead d eve lopmen t a r e a ppa r en t , a nd t h e se h ave b een b ack ed u p b y w o rk s i nce S wan ton ( n o tab ly S t i lbo rg 1 992 ) . S wan ton d i v ided A ng lo S axon s p ea rhead s i n to f o u rb a s ic t y pe s ; t h o se d e r ived f r om C on t inen ta l G e rman ic f o rm s ( g roup s Aa nd B ) , t h o se w i th l e a f shaped b l ade s ( g roup s Ca nd D ) , t h o se w i th a ngu la r b l ade s ( g roup s Et oH ) , a nd t h o se w i th c o r ruga ted b l ade s ( g roup s It oL ) . D e r iva t ive f o rm s , a nd t h o se w i th c o r ruga ted b l ade s , t e nd t ob e t h e e a r l ie s t , d a t ing p r edom inan t ly t ot h e 56 1 c en tu ry . L eaf shaped t y pe s o ccu r t h roughou t t h e p e r iod o f t h e w eapon b u r ia l r i t e , t h ough v e ry s ma l l l e af shaped b l ade s w e r e p a r t icu la r ly c ommon a mong s tl a t e r 7t hc en tu ry b u r ia l s . T he a ngu la rb l ad ed s p ea rhead sp rov ide t h eb e s tt y po log ica ls e qu ence . Sma l le r , s imp le rt y pe s ( Swan ton 's c l a s se s H 1 -3 ) a r e t h e e a r l ie s t o ccu r r ing b e tw een c .4 50 -550 . F rom 50 o nwa rd s , a ngu la r b l ade s s t a r t ed t ob ecome l o nge r a nd n a r rowe r , w i th S wan ton 's c l a s se s Ea nd G b ecom ing c ommon i nK en t . T he se c on t inued w e l l i n to t h e 7t h c en tu ry . O ve ra l l ,h oweve r , w eapon sp r ov ide o n ly t h e b r oad e s tg u ide t od a t ing , r a re ly mo r e a c cu ra t e t h an r a ng e s o f 5 0 y ea r s . B uck le s a nd o t h e r b e l t f i t t ing s , t h e o t he r m a jo r c l a s s o fo b jec t s f ound i nm a le g r av e s ( e xc lud ing k n ive s ) , a nd w h ich a l so o ccu r i nm any f ema le g r ave s , t e nd t op rov ide m uch b e t t e r d a t ing e v idence ( s ee F igu r e 7f o rs ome e xamp le so fb uck le sf o und i nK en t ) . T he i mpo r tance o ft h e b e l t , w i th e l abo ra t e b uck le a nd f i t t ing s , a s as i gn if ie r o fm i l i ta ry a nd /o r of i c ia l s t a tu s i nt h e L a te We s t e rn Emp i r e i sw e l l e s tab l i shed . L a t e R oman b e l t f i t t ing s o fe a r ly t om id 5t h c en tu ry d e r iva t ion h ave b een f o und i ns ou the rn E ng land i nd ef in i te o r p robab le A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l c on t ex t s . I nK en t t h e se i n c lude l a t e R oman b uck le s f r om R ichbo rough , B uck land , L ym inge I ,S a r r e , a nd B if ron s , af i xed p l a te b uck le f r om S an e , a nd a n e a r ly 5t h c en tu ry b e l t s e t , p robab ly f r om ab u r ia l , f r om M i l ton R eg i s ,a sw e l la s an umbe ro fq uo i t -b rooch s t y le b e l tf i t t ing s . T h i s r a ng eo fb e l te qu ipm en t p rov ide s t h e b ackd rop f o rt h e p r oduc t ion a nd w ea r ing o f aw id e v a r ie ty o fb uck le s a nd b e l t f i t t ing s b y t h eG e rman ic t r ibe s ,b o th o nt h eC on t inen ta nd i nE ng land . F rom t h e m id 5t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , av a r ie ty o fG e rman ic b e l t e qu ipmen t w a s d epo s i ted i nK en t i sh g r ave s ,p rov id ing as i gn if ican tp r opo r t ion o ft h ei d en t if iab le 5t hc en tu ry o b jec t sf ound i nK en t . Mu ch o f t h i s b e l te qu ipmen t a ppea r s t oh ave b een o fF rank i sh o r ig in , n o tab ly i r on b uck le s i n la id w i th s i lv e r o r c oppe r a loy w i re a nd b u ck le s w i th c l o i sonné se t p l a t e s ( b o th o fw h ich o ccu r r ed a tL ym inge I ) . T he b uck le l o op so fm any o ft h e se m id t ol a te 5t hc en tu ry b uck le sw e r ek i dney shaped . An umbe ro fo t he rb uck le t y pe s , s ome p robab ly m anuf a c tu r ed i nK en t , w e r e i nu se i nK en t d u r ing t h e l a te 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t h c en tu r ie s . N o tab le a mong t h e se w e r e b uck le s w i th h i nged r e c tangu la r p l a t e s , t h e m o s te l abo ra te o fw h ich w e r e i n la id w i th g ar n e t s a nd d eco ra t ed w i th S t y le Ia n ima l a r t . Mo r e c ommon w e re s imp le r b uck le s w i th o va l l o op s a nd ' c lub shaped ' t o ngue s ( at o ngue w i th ac on s t r ic ted t i p a nd w ide b a se ) ,d a tab le t ot h e l a t e 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t hc en tu r ie s( Ev i son 1 987 ,P a r f i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 ) .

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T he m o s tc ha rac te r i s t ic b uck le t y pe f o und i nK en t i sh g r ave s o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry i st h e ' s h ie ld -on tongu e ' t y pe , o f t en f ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th s e t s o f ' s hoe shaped ' r i ve t s . T h i s d i s t inc t ive b uck le t y pe ( s ee F i gu r e 7 b ) w a s i nu se b y t h e F r ank s f r om t h e e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s ( Pa r f i t t a nd B r ugmann 1 997 ) , a nd a ppea r ed i n K en t a bou t t h e s ame t i me . Am ode rn s t udy o ft h e se b uck le s h a s b een p ub l i shed ( Ma r t in 1 989 ) , a nd ac l ea r s t y l i s t ic d eve lopmen t o ft h em i sr e cogn i sed . B a s ica l ly , " . . .such b uck le s b ecome l a rge r a nd m o r e m a s s ive w i th t i me , a nd w e r e g i ven f a ce t t ed l o op s . . ." ( Pa r f i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 , 7 1) . A l though o fC on t inen ta l o r ig in , i ti sp robab le t h a t s ome a tl e a s t o ft h e e xamp le s f o und i n K en tw e r em anuf ac tu red l o ca l ly . C e r ta in ly ,t h eb uck le t y pe w h ich d eve loped i nt h e l a te 6t It c en tu ry ,t h e b uck le w i th t r iangu la rp l a te a nd t h r ee r i ve t s( s ee F i gu r e7 c ) ,w a sm anuf ac tu r ed i nK en t , t h ough a ga in i t s o r ig in s w e r e F rank i sh . T h i s b uck le t y pe s h a r ed t h e s h ie ld -on tongue o ft h e e a r l ie r s imp le b u ck le s , b u t w i th t h e a dd i t ion o f ab uck le p l a te t h a t w a s s ome t ime s v e ry e l abo ra te ly d eco ra t ed . T he se b uck le s c on t inu ed i nu se t h roughou tt h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry ( a s , a ppa r en t ly , d i d l a t e rf o rm s o ft h es imp le s h ie ld -on tongue b uck le ,o ne b e ing f o und i nt h e 7t ha nd f i t h c en tu ry c eme te ry a tP o lh i l l ; s e eP h i lp 1 973 ) . F rom a r ound t h e m id 76 1 c en tu ry o nwa rd s , l a rge , m o r e e l abo ra t e b uck le s b egan t o b e r e p la ced i n K en t i sh g r ave s b y v e ry s ma l l , n a r row a nd p l a in t y pe s ( a l so , t h e w ea r ing o fb uck le s b y w omen a ppea r s t oh ave b een p ha sed o u t ) . T he se b uck le s ( s ee F i gu r e 7 e ) h ave b een d e sc r ibed a s" . . .a c ommon t y pe w i th o va l l o op , p l a in o ro n ly v e ry s imp ly d eco ra t ed t o ngue , a nd , w he r e i ts u r v ive s , ad oub le r e c tangu la r s h ee t -me ta l p l a te w i th 2o r 3r i v e t s a tt h e b a se . . ." ( Hawke s 1 973 , 1 94 ) . D u r ing t h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry , t h i s b ecame t h e ' a lmo s t u n ive r sa l ' b uck le t y pe i nA ng lo -Saxon g r av e s ( i b id . ) . H ow eve r , s ma l ln umbe r so fm o r ee l abo ra t eb uck le sd a t ing t ot h e l a t e 7t h a nd e a r ly 8t h c en tu r ie sh ave b een f o und i n K en t . T he se i n c lude t h e b uck le w i th c ompo s i t e p l a t e a nd S t y le I d eco ra t ion , f r om E cc le s , d a ted t oc . 6 50 o rl a t e r ( De t s ica s a nd H awk e s 1 973 ) , a nd as e r ie s o fb uck le s w i th o pen -wo rk ( o r p o s s ib ly i n la id ; s e e R idd le r 1 997 ) p l a te s , f o und a t an umbe ro fs i t e s i nK en t , a nd d a tab le t ot h e l a s t d ecade s o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry . A s ma l l g roup o f d oub le tongued b u ck le s h ave b een f o und , i n c lud ing e xamp le s f r om F i ng le sham , B reach D own , P o lh i l l , a nd p o s s ib ly H a r r ie t sham I I , w h ich c an b e d a ted t ot h e l a te 7t h o r e a r ly 8t hc en tu r ie s( Geak e 1 994 ) . B u ck le sh ave t h e a dvan tag e o v e rm o s t o t he rc l a s se s o fg r ave g ood s o fb e ing r e la t ive ly c ommon , f a i r ly c l o se ly d a teab le , a nd i nu s e t h roughou t t h e e n t i r e p e r iod o fd epo s i t ion o f g r ave g ood s . T hu s t h e i r i mpo r tance a sd a t ing e v id ence i sc on s ide rab le . H oweve r , t h ey a r e n o t g ene ra l ly a sc l o se ly d a t eab le a s b r ooche s ,w h ich ,w h i l s tr a r e ra nd l a rg e ly r e s t r ic ted t ot h e 5t h t oe a r ly 7t h c en tu r ie s , h ave t h u s a s sumed a g r ea t e rr o le i nA ng lo -Saxon c h rono log ica ls t ud ie s . T h e d eve lopmen t a nd c h rono logy o f K en t i sh s qua re -head ed a nd d i sc b rooche s , c r u c ia l t o a n u nde r s tand ing o ft h e c h rono logy o f 6t h a nd e a r ly 7t h c en tu ry K en t i sh g r ave s , w i l l b e d i scu s sed i nt h e f o l low ing s e c t ion . H oweve r , aw ide v a r ie ty o fo t he r b rooch t y pe s , d e r ived f r om an umbe r o fc u l t u ra l c on t ex t s , w e r e d epo s i ted i nK en t i sh g r ave s , m o s t ly d u r ing t h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ie s . T he m a in b r ooch t y pe s f o und i nb u r ia l s i nK en t , a n e s t ima te o ft h e d a te r a ng e d u r ing w h ich t h ey w e r e i nu s e , a nd t h e i r c u l tu ra lo r ig in s , a r e l i s ted i nT ab le 6b e low . E xamp le s o ft h e m a jo rb rooch t y pe s f r om K en ta r e s hown i nF i gu re 8 . I tc an b e s e en f r om T ab le 6t h a t ag r ea t e rv a r ie ty o fb rooch t y pe sw e r e i nu s e i ne a s t K en tt h an i nw e s t K en t d u r ing t h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ie s . I nw e s t K en t t h e m o s t c ommon t y pe o fb rooch r e cove r ed f r om g r ave s i st h e s imp le d i sc b r ooch ( s ee F igu r e 8 ) , t y p ica l ly a f l a t c oppe r a loy d i sc , d eco ra ted w i th g r oove sa nd /o rp unch m a rk s . T hey f i r s tc ame i n to u s e i nE ng land a r ound t h eu ppe rT hame sv a l ley , a nd s e em t o h ave b een i nu s e i ns ou th e rn a nd e a s t er n E ng land b e tween c .4 50 -550 ( D ick in son 1 979 ) . D ick in son a r gued t h a tt h i sb r ooch t y pe m ay h ave h ad R omano -B r i t i sh o r ig in s( i b id . ) . T he o t he r b rooch t y pe f o und i ns i gn if i can t n umbe r s i nw e s t K en t w a s t h e S auce r b rooch , ac l a s s t h a t o r ig ina ted a mong t h e C on t inen ta l S axon s , a nd w h ich i sm o s t c ommon ly , b u t n o t e xc lu s ive ly , f o und i n t h e a r ea s o fE ng land t r ad i t iona l ly r e ga rded a sS axon . I nc on t ra s tt ot h e r e la t ive ly s imp le a nd u n if o rm d i sc b rooche s , t h e re w a s c on s ide rab le v a r ie ty i nt h e m anuf a c tu r e a nd d eco ra t ion o fs a uce r b rooche s . T he t wo b a s ic t y pe s w e r et h e a pp l ied s a uce rb r ooch , w he r e ad eco ra t ed c i r cu la rp ane l w a s a pp l ied t oa b a ck -p la t e , a nd t h e c a s t s a uce r b r ooch , w he r e t h e b rooch w a s c a s t f r om amou ld i no ne p i ece . T he a pp l ied s a uce r t y pe i sb e l ieved t oh ave b een t h e e a r l ie r o n t h e C on t inen t , b u t t h e t wo t y pe s p r obab ly a r r ived i nE ng land a r ound t h e s ame t i me ( H ine s 1 997 ) , p r obab ly i nt h e f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 5t h c en tu ry . A w ide r a nge o fd eco ra t ive d e s ign s a nd m o t if s w e r e a pp l ied t ob o th a pp l ied a nd c a s t s a uce r b r ooche s ,

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i n c lud ing f i ve -a nd s i x -po in ted s t a r s ,r unn ing s p i ra l s ,z oomo rph ic d e s ign s ,a nd f l o r ia te c r o s se s . N one o f t h o se i nK en tn eed d a te b ef o r et h em id 5t h c en tu ry a tt h ee a r l ie s t , o ra f t e r 50 a tt h el a t e s t .

T ab le 6 :B rooch T vne si nK en t( e xc lud in2 K en t i sh s u are -headed a nd d i sc. B rooch T ype Q uo i t A nnu la r R e l ief C ruc if o rm E qua l -A rmed S ma l l -Long F rank i sh D i sc R o se t t e R ad ia te -headed A n ima l Q ua t r ef o i l S -B rooch B i rd B u t ton P enannu la r S auce r D i sc

E s t ima ted D a te R ange o fU se i nK en t 5t ht om id 6t h

C u l tura l /E thn ic O r ig in R omano B r i t i sh? /Ang lo -Saxon A ng l ian S cand inav ian S cand inav ian K en t i sh? S cand inav ian /Ang lo S axon? F r ank i sh F r ank i sh F rank i sh F r ank i sh F rank i sh F r ank i sh F rank i sh A ng lo -Saxon R omano -B r i t i sh? S axon R omano -B r i t i sh?

5t h a nd 6t h M id 5t ht oe a r ly 6t h M id 5t"t oe a r ly 6t h E a r ly t om id 6t h? L a te 5t ht oe a r ly 6 t h E a r ly t om id 6t h E a r ly t om id 6t h E a r ly t om id 6t h E a r ly t om id 6t h E a r ly t om id 6t h E a r ly t om id 6t h? E a r ly t om id 6t h M id 5t ht om id 6t h 56 1t om id 6t h M id 5t ht om id 6t h M id 5t ht om id 6t h

E a s to r We s tK en t? E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t E a s t Ma in ly E a s t Ma in ly E a s t E a s ta nd We s t Ma in ly We s t Ma in ly We s t

I nf o rm t h e b u t ton b rooch r e semb le s as ma l l s a uce rb r ooch , b u t t h e d i s t r ibu t ion a nd p e rhap s o r ig in s o f t h i sb r ooch t y pe d i f f e r s s omewha tf r om t h a to ft h e l a rge rb r ooche s . T h em a in s t udy o fb u t ton b r ooche s ( Av en t a nd E v i son 1 982 ) f o cu s sed o n t h o se d eco ra ted w i th ah uman f a ce o r m a sk , a nd i d en t if i ed 1 2 c l a s se s o ft h e se ( s ome o fw h ich w e r e f u r the r s ub -d iv ided ) . T he se r a nged i nd a te f r om c .4 00 -c .550 , w i th t h e m a jo r i ty b e ing p roduced d u r ing t h e e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry ( i b id . ) . T he e a r l ie s t t y pe s , A ven t a nd E v i son 's c l a s s J ,w e re m a in ly f o und a l ong t h e T hame s v a l ley . N on e o ft h e t y pe s t h a t h ave b een f o und i nK en t ( c la s se s A , B , Ha nd L ) c an b e d a ted b ef o re c .4 50 a tt h e e a r l ie s t ( i b id . ) , a nd m o s t K en t i sh e xamp le sw e re p robab ly m anuf a c tu r ed b e tw een c .4 75 -525 ,p r obab ly i nK en t . S ma l l n umbe r s o fo t he rb r ooch t y pe s o f 5t h t o 6t h c en tu ry d a t e h ave b een f o und i nK en t , mo s t ly e a s to f t h e Medway . S ome a nnu la r b rooche s p robab ly d a te t ot h e 5t h c en tu ry , t h ough t h e se u sua l ly s imp le b rooche sa r en o tc l o se ly d a tab le . T h et y pe i sg ene ra l ly r e ga rded a sb e ing o fA ng l ian o r ig in ;t h ey o ccu r q u i te f r equen t ly i nK en t , b u t o f t en a s s u spen s ion r i ng s o n t h e g i rd le ( Pa r f i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) . P enannu la ra nd q uo i t b rooch e s m ay h ave h ad R omano -B r i t i sh o r ig in s , t h ough A g e r ( 1 985 ) h a s a r gued f o r aG e rman ic o r ig in f o r q uo i t b r ooche s . E xamp le s o fb o th t h e se b r ooch t y pe s h ave b een f o und i n K en td eco ra t ed w i th Q uo i tB rooch S t y le a r two rk , i n d ica t ing ad a t e o fm anuf a c tu r e s ome t ime i nt h e m id 5t h c en tu ry ( I nk e r 1 997 ) . An umbe ro fb rooche s o fs ou th e rn S cand inav ian o r ig in , d a t eab le t ot h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t h c en tu r ie s ,h ave b een f o und i nK en t . T he se i n c lude t h e e l abo ra t e s i lve rr e l ief b rooche s r e f e r r ed t oi n s e c t ion i i o f t h i s c hap te r , m anuf a c tu red p e rhap s b e tween c . 4 50 -520 . A s i gn if i can t n umbe r o f c r uc if o rm b rooche s h ave a l so b een f o und i nK en t . T he m a jo r i ty o fE ng l i sh e xamp le s o fc r uc if o rm b r ooche sh ave b een f ound i nA ng l ian a r ea s , w he r et h ey c on t inued t ob e m anuf a c tu r ed , a nd w he r et h e i r d e s ign s b ecame q u i t e e l abo ra t e . I nK en th ow eve r , o n ly t h e s imp le r , e a r l ie r f o rm s o fÄ be rg 's c l a s se s I a nd I ( p lu s s ome v a r ian tt y pe s )h av eb een f ound ( Äbe rg 1 926 ) , a nd i ts e em sp robab le t h a tm o s t , i fn o t a l , w e re i mpo r t s . T he e a r l ie r c l a s s Ic r uc if o rm s a r e c ha ra c t e r i sed b y h av ing f u l ly r ounded k nob s o n t h e i r h ead p l a t e s . C la s s Ic r uc if o rm s h ave h a lf rounded k nob s . A t l e a s t 3 1 o ft h e se b rooch e s h ave b een f ound i nE a s t K en t ( F igu r e 9i l u s t ra te s as e lec t ion o ft h em ) , b u t m any mo re h ave b een f o und b y m e ta l d e t ec to r ( s ee C hap t e r 1 7 f o r af u r the r d i scu s s ion o ft h e s i gn i f ican ce o ft h e se b rooche s i nK en t ) . C ruc if o rm b r ooche s h av e b een c omp r ehen s ive ly s u rv eyed b y R e ich s t e in ( 1 975 ) . A l l o ft h e K en t i sh e xamp le sw e re m anuf ac tu r ed s ome t ime b e tween c .4 50 -520 ( t hough s ome m ay h ave b een b u r ied l a t e r ) .

3 0

C hap te r5

A no the r t y pe o f b rooch f o und i n K en t i st h e ' sma l l long ' b rooch . T h i s c l a s s h a s n o t y e t b een c omp r ehen s ive ly s t ud ied . I n deed , i ti sn o t c l ea rt h a t s ma l l long b rooche s r e p re sen t ad i sc ree t c l a s s , a s a l e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon l o ng b rooche s t h a t d o n o t f i ti n to a no the r c l a s s t e nd t ob e d e sc r ibed a s ' Sma l l l o ng ' . T h ey a r e g ene ra l ly s imp le c oppe r a loy b r ooche s w i th l i t t le o r n o r e l ief d eco ra t ion . L eed s ( 1 945 )p rov ided ab a s ic c l a s s if i ca t ion o ft h et y pe i n to f i ve c l a s se s , b a sed o nt h e s h ape o ft h e h eadp la t e . T he K en t i sh e xamp le s , w h ich i n c lude b rooche s f r om B u ck land , H ow le t t s , O z enge l l a nd B rad s tow S choo l ( B road s ta i r s I ) , a r e u sua l ly c ha ra c te r i sed b y s qua r e h eadp la t e s , s o t h a t t h ey r e semb le s ma l l , s imp le s qua r e -headed b rooch e s . T he o r ig in s o fs qua r e -headed s ma l l long b rooche s a r e o b scu r e ( H ine s 1 997 ) , a l though E v i son ( 1 987 ) s ugg e s ted ac onnec t ion w i th ad i sc -on -bow s qua r e -headed b rooch f r om F r i s ia . L ik e c r uc if o rm b rooche s , t h e se s ma l l long b r ooche s s e em t od a te t o t h e l a te 51 o r e a r ly 6t h c en tu r ie s( i b id . ) . As i gn if i can t n umbe r o fb rooche s w ho se o r ig in s l a y i nt h e F rank i sh R h ine land h ave b een f o und i n K en t i sh g r ave s . T he m o s tn ume rou s o ft h e se t y pe s a r er a d ia t e -headed b rooche s , o fw h ich w e l l o v e r5 0 h ave b een f o und , a nd F rank i sh d i sc a nd r o se t t e b r ooche s , o f w h ich o ve r 3 0 h ave b een f o und . I n a dd i t ion ,b i rd ,a n ima l , S shaped a nd q ua t r ef o i lb rooche s , a l F rank i sh t y pe s ,h ave b een f ound i nK en t i sh b u r ia l s . T he c on t inen ta l o r ig in s a nd d ev e lopmen to ft h e se b r ooch t y pe s a r e c omp lex , b u tt h e i rp l a ce i n K en t i sh c h rono logy h a sb een a s se s sed b yB ir t e B rugmann ( Brugmann 1 999 , a nd P a rf i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) . I nK en t , f ew i fa ny a ppea r t op r eda t e c .5 00 a nd F rank i sh b rooch t y pe s a ppea r t oh ave b een p rog r e s s ive ly r e p laced b y K en t i sh m anuf ac tu r ed b r ooche s f r om t h e m idd le d ecade s o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s . T hu sm o s t , i fn o ta l ,a ppea rt oh ave b een b u r ied i nK en tb e tween c .5 00 -570 . An umbe r o f o t he r b rooch t y pe s ( d i sc -on -bow b r ooche s , K en t i sh e qua l -a rmed b rooche s ) h ave b een f ound i ne a s tK en t ,b u tn o ti ns i gn if i can tn umbe r s . T h ew ea r ing o fb rooche s( o ra tl e a s t ,t h e i rd epo s i t ion i ng r ave s )a l b u tc ea sed i nK en ts ome t ime b ef o r e t h e m id 7t h c en tu ry . B y t h i s s t ag e , v a r iou s t y pe s o fp endan t s w e r e b e ing w o rn b y w omen , a nd t h e se r ema ined p a r t o fs ome f ema le s ' c o s tume s f o r m o s t o ft h e r e s t o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry . T hey t h u s p rov ide s om e d a t ing e v idence f o r t h e m id t o l a t e r 7t h c en tu ry ( t hough b r ac tea te s /pendan t s h ad b een w o rn , u sua l ly a l ong s ide b rooche s , s i nce t h e 6t h c en tu ry a tl e a s t ) , a l be i tn o tt ot h e s ame d eg ree a sb rooche s d i d f o re a r l ie rp e r iod s . A no the r i mpo r tan t p a r t o ff ema le c o s tume , a nd o n e f o und i n al a rge r p ropo r t ion o fg r ave s t h an e i the r b rooche s o rp endan t s , w a s t h e n eck la ce o fb ead s . V e ry l a rg e n umbe r s o fb ead s h ave b een r e cove r ed f r om g r ave s o ft h e p e r iod , o f aw ide v a r ie ty o fm a t e r ia l s a nd d e s ign s . G iven a s uff i c ien t l e ve l o f a na ly s i s , t h e i r c omb ina t ion s a nd a s soc ia t ion s o f e r av e ry i mpo r tan t s ou r ce o f d a t ing e v idence f o r n o r the rn E u rope i nt h e E a r ly Med ieva l p e r iod s . B ir t e B rugmann i sw o rk ing o n ac omp r ehen s ive s t udy o ft h e se b ead s b u t i nt h e m ean t ime m any s i t e a nd r e g iona l s t ud ie s h ave b een p ub l i shed . I nK en t , t h e m o s t i mpo r tan to ft h e se h ave b een t h e s i t er e po r t s o ft h e B uck land ( Ev i son 1 987 ) a nd M i l l H i l l ( Pa rf i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) c eme t e r ie s . Many b ead t y pe sw h ich o ccu ri nK en t i sh g r ave s a l so o ccu r r ed i nt h e F rank i sh c eme te ry a tS ch re tzhe im ( Koch 1 977 ) , p r ov id ing a n i mpor tan t l i nk b e tween t h e K en t i sh a nd C on t inen ta lc h rono log ie s . T h em o s tc ommon t y pe so fb ead sf o und i nK en t i sh g r av e sa r eo fg l a s s( b o th c l ea ra nd o paque ,a nd b o th m onoch rome a nd p o lych rom e ) , a mbe r ( p robab ly i mpo r t ed f r om t h e B a l t ic ) , a nd a m e thy s t q ua r tz ( impo r ted v i a t h e F rank i sh R h ine land ) . S ma l l n umbe r s o fb ead s o fo t he r m a te r ia l s ( c ow r ie s h e l l ,j e t , s t one , f o s s i l , m e ta l )h ave a l so b een f ound i nK en t . Ab a s ic c h rono log ica l p a t ter ni sc l ea r ; a mbe rb ead s w e r e c ommon d u r ing t h e 6t h c en tu ry , b u t o ccu r i no n ly s ma l l n umbe r s i nt h e 5t h a nd 7t h c en tu r ie s . Ame thy s tb ead s , i nc on t ra s t , f i r s ta ppea ri nK en t i sh g r ave so ft h e l a te 6t h c en tu ry ,b u ta r em o s tc ommon i ng r ave s o f rh c en tu ry d a t e ( a s a r e c ow r ie s h e l l b ead s , w h ich w e r e p robab ly o b ta ined v i a t h e s ame s ou r ce a sa m e thy s t s ) . G la s s b ead s o ccu r t h roughou t t h e 5t h t o 7t h c en tu r ie s , b u t i n av a r ie ty o ft y pe s , s ome o fw h ich a r e c l o se ly d a tab le . I np a r t icu la r , r e t ice l la , m o sa ic , m i l lef io r i a nd r u s t r e d b ead s w i th w h i t e o r y e l low c r o s s ing t r a i l s a nd d o t s , a r e a mong t h e a r t ef ac t t y pe s u sed b y B rugmann i n h e r d ef in i t ion o fK en t i sh c h rono log ica lp ha se sf o rt h e Oh c en t u ry . A no the r m a jo r c l a s s o fg r ave g ood s t h a t o ccu r s i nK en t i sh g r ave s , a nd w h ich i ns ome c a se s p r ov ide s d a t ing e v idence , a r e g l a s s v e s se l s . K en t h a s p r oduced t h e m a jo r i ty o fA ng lo -Saxon g l a s s v e s se l s , a nd o ve r at h i rd o ft h e se ( 7 1) w e r e f o und a tF av e r sham , i mp ly ing t h a t t h i s m ay h ave b een ap r oduc t ion

3 1

C hap t e r5

c en t r e . C e r ta in ly , m any t y pe s o fv e s se l sk nown f r om K en th ave o n ly , o rm a in ly , b een f o und w i th in t h e C oun ty , i mp ly ing t h a tt h ey w e r ep r oduced t h e r e . T he d ef in i t ive s t udy o fA ng lo -Saxon g l a s sv e s se l sr ema in st h a tb y D .B . H a rden ( Ha rden 1 956a ) . C law b eake r sh ave b een mo r er e cen t ly a nd c omp r ehen s ive ly s u rvey ed b yE v i son ( Ev i son 1 982 ) . H a rden i d en t if i ed 1 f o rm s o fA ng lo -Saxon g l a s s v e s se l ( I -X I ) , w h ich w e re f u r the r s ub -d iv ided i n to n ume rou s s ub type s . T o t h e se c ou ld b e a dded a no the r , b a se -cup s , w h ich h e o r ig ina l ly m ade h i s c l a s s X I I ( Ha rden 1 950 ) , b u tw h ich h e s ub sequen t ly o m i t t ed f r om h i s s c heme i nt h e b e l ief t h a tt h ey w e r en o t o fA ng lo -Saxon d a te ( Ha rden 1 9 56a ) . I na c tua l i ty , t h e se c up s , a l f r om K en t a nd t h e I s le o fW igh t , c l ea r ly a r e A ng lo -Saxon ( P e rk in s 1 987 ) . H a rden 's t y pe s o fg l a s s v e s se l , a l ong w i th d a t ing a nd o t he r i n f o rma t ion , a nd w i th t y pe X I I r e s to r ed , a r e l i s t ed i nT ab le 7b e low . F i gu r e 1 0 , t a ken f r om H a rd en 's w o rk ( 1956a ) i l u s t ra te sg l a s sv e s se lt y pe sI X I .

T ab le 7 : Ang lo -Saxon g l a ss v e s se lt ype s . T ype I .S t emmed B eak er s I .C law B eaker s

I I .C one B eaker s

I V .D r ink ing Horn s V . B e l lB eaker s V I . B ag B eaker s V I I .P ouch B o t t le s

V I I I . S qua tJ ar s

I X . B o t t le X .P a lm C up s

X I . B ow l s

X I I . B a se C up s

S ub T ype a b ( b ) ( a ,b ) ( a ) ( a ) ( c ) ( c ) ( d ) ( d ) ( d ) ( e ) a i a l l b c d e f a b a b a b c a b c a b c d a b c -

F ound i n K en t? X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

E v i son T ype 2 a 2 b 3 a 3 b 3 c 3 d 3 e 4 a 4 b 4 c 5 -

3 2

K en t i sh T ype? ? ? ? X X X X X X X X X ?

P robab le d a te r ange o fu s e 5t h 5t h 4 25 -450? 4 50 -500? c .5 00 -550 c .5 00 -550 M id 6t h M id 6t h 6t h 7t h 7t h L a ter 7t h? 7t h? L a te 5t h6t h 7t h? 7t h? 5t he ar ly 6t h 5t hi 6 t h 5t h/ 6 t h 5t hi 6 t h ? c .4 50 -540 6t h _7t h 7t h? 7t h? L a te 6t h7t h L a te 6t h _7t h L a te 6t h7t h L a te 6t h8t h? L a te 6t h8t h? L a te 6t h86 ? 5t h m id 6t h _7t h 7t h 8t h ? L a te 5t h6t h 5t h 7t h _8t h 6t h?

C hap t e r5

T he v a r iou s t y pe s o f g l a s s v e s se l s f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s , w h ich i n c lude R oman s u rv iva l s , i mpo r t ed g l a s s , a nd i n su la rp rodu c t s ( many o fw h ich w e r e p r obab ly p roduced i ne a s t K en t ) , p rov ide a s e r i e s o ft y po log ica l s e quence s , s ome o fw h ich c an b e d a ted b y g r ave g ood a s soc ia t ion s . H ow eve r , a g r ea tm any v e s se l s ( i nc lud ing a l t h o se f r om F ave r sham , o ve r 7 0 v e s se l s ) , a r e f r om u nknown c on t ex t s , o r h av e n o d a tab le a s soc ia t ion s . I na dd i t ion , d e sp i te t h e i r f r ag i l i ty , i ts e em s t h a t g l a s s v e s se l s w e r e s ome t ime sk ep ta sh e i r loom sf o rm any y ea r sb ef o r eb e ing b u r ied . N one th e le s s , t h e b a s ic t y po log ica l s e quence s e s tab l i shed b y H a rden , a nd E v i son 's d a t ing o f t h e d if e r en t t y pe s o fC law B eak e r , a r e s t i l l s uppo r t ed b y t h e e v idence . T he p ub l ica t ion o fr e cen t f i nd s , i n c lud ing t h o se f r om M i l l H i l l ( Ev i son 1 997 ) , a nd t h e 1 994 e xcava t ion s a tB uck land , h ave r ef ined , a nd w i l lf u r the rr ef ine ,o u rd a t ing o fA ng lo -Saxon g l a s sv e s se l s . W i th in t h e m any o t he r c l a s se s a nd s ub -c la s se s o fg r ave g ood s f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s i nK en t ( p o t t e ry , k n ive s , k ey s , g i rd le a c ce s so r ie s , r i ng s , t o o l s , e qu ipmen t e t c . ) ag r ea t w ea l th o f d a ta i s c on ta ined , i n c lud ing much t h a t i sr e levan t t o c h rono logy . H oweve r , e i the r t h e se o b jec t s t e nd t ob e f o und i no n ly as ma l lp ropo r t ion o rg r ave s , o r , t h ough c ommon ( s uch a sk n ive s a nd k ey s ) , t h ey a r en o t c l o s e ly d a teab le . I n e i the r c a se , t h e i r c on t r ibu t ion t ot h e K en t i sh c h rono log ica l s y s t em u s ed i nt h i s t h e s i si sn o tf u ndamen ta l , a nd d e ta i led d i scu s s ion o ft h e i rt y po log ica ld eve lopmen ti sn o tt h e a im o ft h i s w o rk . H ow eve r , t h e c l a s s o fo b jec t s w h ich p e rhap s m o r e t h an a ny o t he r u nde r l ie s t h e s y s tem o fp ha se s u s ed h e r e( o r ,a tl e a s t ,p ha se sI -V I )a r et h eK en t i sh p r oduced s qua r e -head ed , d i sc , p l a t ed d i sc a nd c ompo s i t e b r ooche s . T he d eve lopmen ta ls e quen ce o ft h e se b r ooch e s i st h es ub jec to ft h en ex ts e c t ion . v i .T he d eve lopmen to ft h eK en t i sh s quare -headed a nd d i sc b rooche s . T he s qua re -headed b rooche s o fK en tw e re t h e s ub jec t o f a( u npub l i shed ) t h e s i s b y D av id L e igh ( L e igh 1 9 80 ) . H e i d en t if i ed t h r ee m a in s e r ie s o fb rooch p r oduc t ion ( I I I I ) , t wo o fs i lve r , a nd o ne o fc oppe r a loy , a nd s ugge s t ed t h a t t h e h and s o f i n d iv idua l w o rke r s c ou ld b e t r a ced o n t h e b rooch e s , a nd o n r e la t ed m a t e r ia l s u ch a sb uck le p l a t e s . H e a l so a temp t ed t or ef ine t h e c h rono logy o ft h e se b r ooche s . L e igh s ugg e s ted t h a t J u t i sh a nd e a r ly K en t i sh s qua r e -headed b r ooche s w e re t h e h and iwo rk o f as i ng le m a s t e rc r af t sman ( Bakka 's ' K en t i sh Ma s t e r ; B ak l ca 1 9 58 ) , w o rk ing f i r s ti nJ u t land , a nd t h en i nK en t , i n t h e l a t e 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry . L e igh s ugg e s t ed t h a t t h e K en t i sh Ma s te rw a s f o l lowed b y t wo m a in c r af t smen , w ho p roduced t h e f i ne r K en t i sh s qua r e -headed b r ooche s ( a nd r e c tangu la r b u ck le p l a t e s ) o f t h ee a r ly d ecade so ft h e 6t h c e n tu ry . T he K en t i sh d i sc b rooche s t h a t d eve loped a l ong s ide t h e s qua re -headed b rooche s , a nd s ub sequen t ly r e p la ced t h em a st h e m a in K en t i sh b r ooch t y pe , w e r e c l a s s if i ed i n ac o rpu s b y R icha rd A ven t ( Aven t 1 9 75 ) . A ven t d ef ined 7c l a s se s o fk ey s tone g a rne t d i sc b r ooche s , 7o fp l a t ed d i sc b rooche s , a nd 4 o f c ompo s i te d i sc b rooche s . E a ch o ft h e se c l a s se sw a sf u r th e rs ub -d iv ided . I nA ven t 's o r ig ina l s c heme ( i b id . ) , t h e e a r l ie s t K en t i sh d i sc b r ooche s w e r e s e en a sb e ing t h o se o fh i s c l a s s 1 ,f o l lowed b y c l a s s 2 ,c l a s s 3a nd s o f o r th . H oweve r , t h e e v idence d oe s n o t s uppo r t t h i s v i ew . When D av id L e igh c a r r ied o u t h i s s u rvey o fK en t i sh s qua r e -headed b rooche s , h e c ame t o ad if e ren t c onc lu s ion a bou t t h e o r ig in s o ft h e K en t i sh d i sc b r ooche s ( Le igh 1 984a ) . Two o ft h e c l a s s 2 . 1 d i sc b r ooche s h ad b een f ound a sd i sc s a t tached t ot h e b ow o fK en t i sh s qua r e -headed b rooche s ( b rooche s f r om B uck land a nd H ow le t t s ) . T h i s , t o ge the r w i th t h e d eve lopmen t o ft h e S t y le Ia n ima l a r t o n t h e b r ooche s , c onv inced L e igh t h a tA ven t 's t y po log ica l s e quence f o rt h ee a r ly d i sc b r ooche sw a s i n co r r ec t , a nd t h a tt h ec l a s s2 . 1 b rooche sw e r et h ee a r l ie s to ft h et y pe . O the rw r i te r sh ave a l so q ue s t ioned A ven t 's o r ig ina lt y po logy ( n o tab ly , E v i son 1 987 ) , a nd c l a s s2 . 1 d i sc b r ooche s a r en ow s e en a st h e e a r l ie s tf o rm o ft h e t y pe , a l though o t he r a s pec t s o fL e igh 's r e v i sed t y po log ica l s c heme h ave b een q ue s t ioned b y B rugmann i nt h el i gh to fh e rw o rk o nK en t i sh a nd C on t inen ta lc h rono logy ( Brugmann 1 999 ) . L e igh d a t ed t h e p roduc t ion o fs qua r e -headed b r ooche s w i th c l a s s 2 . 1 d i sc b rooche s o n t h e i rb ow t oc . 5 30 , w h ich c o r re spond st ot h e s t a r t o fB rugmann 's K en t i sh p ha se I I c .5 30 -40 . T h i s t i e s t o ge the rt h e s qua re -headed a nd d i sc b r ooch c h rono log ica l s e quence s , a nd p rov ide s ap roduc t ion s e quence r unn ing f r om t h e e nd o f t h e 5t h c en tu ry t o c .6 40 -50 , w hen t h e l a s t c ompo s i te d i sc b rooche s w e r e b e ing m anuf a c tu r ed . T he d a t ing o f t h e c ompo s i te d i sc b r ooche s t o t h e f i r s t h a lf o f t h e 7t h c en tu ry i s e s tab l i shed o n t y po log ica l g r ound s , a nd b y t h e i r a s soc ia t ion s , b u t a na ly s i s o ft h e i r g o ld c on ten t h a s

3

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a lowed ac l o se re s t ima t eo ft h e i ri n d iv idua ld a te st ob er e a ch ed ( Hawk e s 1 974 ) , s i nce t h eg o ld u sed f o r K en t i sh j ewe l le ry o f t h i s p e r iod a pp rox ima t e s c l o se ly w i th t h e g o ld c on ten t o f c on tempo ra ry M e rov ing ian c o inage , a lmo s t c e r ta in ly t h e s ou r ce f o r K en t i sh g o ld . T he g o ld c on ten t o ft h i s c o inag e d ec r ea se s s t ead i ly d u r ing t h e f i r s t h a lf o f t h e 7t h c en tu ry ( B rown a nd S chwe ize r 1 973 ) , a l low ing j ew e l le ry m anuf a c tu red f r om t h a tc o inage t ob er e a sonab ly c l o se ly d a t ed ( Hawke s 1 974 ) . Ap robab le c h rono log ica l s equence o fK en t i sh b rooch p r oduc t ion , b a sed o n t h e w o rk o fL e igh , A ven t , H awk e s ,B rugmann a nd o t he r s ,c an b es umma r i sed t h u s : L a te 5t h/ e ar ly 6t h c en tury : ' K en t i sh Ma s t e r ' p roduce s s i lve r s qua r e -headed r e l ief b rooch e s i ns ou the rn S cand inav ia ( J u t land? ) , m ig ra te st oK en t , a nd p roduce se a r ly K en t i sh s i lve rs qua r e -headed b rooche s . c .5 00 -530 : Wo rk shop i n e a s t K en t , w i th 2 m a in c r af t smen , p r oduce s m a in s e r ie s o f K en t i sh s qua r e -headed b rooche s , p l u s r e la ted m e ta lwo rk , i n c lud ing b uck le s w i th r e c tangu la r S t y le Ip l a t e s . I nc .5 30 , s qua r e h ead ed b rooche s w i th d i sc b r ooche s ( Aven t c l a s s 2 . 1) o n t h e b ow a r e p roduced . B eg inn ing o fd i sc b r ooch p roduc t ion . c .5 30 -560 /70 : P roduc t ion o fe a r ly c l a s se s o fd i sc b rooch ( c la s se s 2a nd 1 )a l ong s ide c on t inued p rodu c t ion o f l a te r s qua r e -headed b rooche s . A ts ome p o in tp r oduc t ion s h if t st oF ave r sham ,w he re i tr ema in s f o rr e s to fl i f e o fw o rk shop? P roduc t ion a nd u s eo fs qua r e -headed b rooche sc ea se sb yc .5 60 -70 . c .5 60 /70 -580 /90 : C hange i nf ema le c o s tume f r om w ea r ing o fm u l t ip le b rooche st ow ea r ing o fs i ng le d i sc b rooch a tt h roa t . P roduc t ion o fl a t e rc l a s s 1a nd 2d i sc b r ooche s . c .5 80 /90 -ear ly 7t h c en tury : P rodu c t ion o fc l a s s 3a nd l a t e r d i sc b r ooche s . Wo rk shop a l so p r oduce s p l a ted d i sc b rooche s , b u ck le s w i th t r i angu la rp l a te s , a nd s ome o ft h em e ta lwo rk f o und i nS u t ton H oo s h ip b u r ia l . c .6 00 -615 : C la s s 3a nd e a r ly c l a s s 2c ompo s i t ed i sc b r ooche sp r oduced , u s ing i mpo r t ed g o ld c o in sd a ted 5 96 -6 13 . c .6 15 -630 : L a te rc l a s s 2c ompo s i t ed i sc b r ooche sp r oduced . c .6 30 -650 : L a t e s tK en t i sh c ompo s i te d i sc b r ooche sp r oduced ( c la s s 1 . 2 ) . F i gu r e 1 i l u s t ra te s t h i s p roduc t ion s e quence . C en t ra l t ot h i s s ugg e s t ed p roduc t ion s equence i st h e c on cep t o f aw o rk shop o fj ew e l le r s w o rk ing i ne a s t K en t . T he r e i sn o e v idence o fw he re i ne a s t K en t t h i s w o rk shop w a s b a sed ( i t m ay w e l l h ave b een t r an s i to ry ) u n t i l a bou t t h e 5 40 's . Map 4 s h ow s t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fd i sc b rooche s o fA ven t 's c l a s s 2i nK en t . I tc an b e s e en t h a t a l l t h o se o fc l a s s 2 . 1 ( t he e a r l ie s t t y pe , m anuf a c tu r ed a r ound 5 30 a c co rd ing t o L e igh ) w e r e f o und s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e S t ou r R ive r . T hu s i ti sl i k e ly p roduc t ion t o ok p l a ce s omewhe re i nt h i s z one . I nc on t ra s t , t h e l a te r t y p e s o f c l a s s 2b rooche s w e re c oncen t ra ted a tF ave r sham , a nd l a rge n umbe r s o fa l s ub sequen t c l a s se s o fd i sc b r ooch w e r e f ound a tF ave r sham . T h i s i mp l ie s t h a tb e tween t h e p r odu c t ion o fc l a s s 2 . 1 d i sc b r ooch e s , a nd l a te r c l a s s 2b r ooche s , t h e w o rk shop s e t t led a tF ave r sham , w he r e i tr ema ined f o r t h e r e s t o fi t s e x i s t ence . T he n ame F ave r sham i st h ough t t o m ean ' sm i th 's s e t t lemen t ' ( G love r 1 982 ) , a nd t h e p r obab le p roduc t ion o fg l a s s v e s se l s t h e r e f r om t h e m id Oh c en tu ry o nwa rd s ( s ee a bove ) s ugg e s t s t h e e s tab l i shmen t o f am a jo r K en t i sh c r af t -wo rk ing c en t r e , p r e sumab ly u nde r r o ya l p a t ronage . I ti s p r obab le t h a t t h e s h if t o fb rooch p r oduc t ion t oF ave r sham t o ok p l ace s ome t ime i nt h e 5 40 's o r5 0 ' s . C la s s 2 . 1 d i sc b r ooche s , p roduced c . 5 30 , a r e n o t f o und t h e r e . C la s s 2 . 2 b rooche s , t h e n ex t d eve lopmen to ft h eK en t i sh d i sc b r ooch , a r e . Mo s tc l a s s 2 . 2 b r ooche s w e r e f ound a sp a r to f am u l t ip l e b rooch s e t , a nd t h u sw e r ep robab ly b u r ied p r io rt o5 60 o r7 0 . Mo s tb rooche s o fc l a s s2 . 3 t o2 . 10 w e r e f o und w or n a ss i ng le b rooche s , a nd w e r e p r obab ly b u r ied a f t e r 5 60 -70 , b u t am ino r i ty w e r e f o und a s p a r t o fm u l t ip le b r ooch s e t s , a nd t h u s p rodu c t ion o ft h em p robab ly p r eda te s 5 60 . T h i s i nt u rn p u she s

3 4

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b a ck c l a s s 2 . 2 p roduc t ion t ot h e 5 40 's o r5 0 's , m ak ing t h i s t h e l i ke ly d a te o ft h e e s tab l i shmen t o ft h e w o rk shop a tF ave r sham . C hang e s i nd r e s s c o s tume , a nd c hang e s i np r oduc t ion , n eed n o t b e w ide ly s epa ra ted . I ti sl i k e ly , f o r i n s tance , t h a t w h i l s t t h e r e w a s ad emand f o r s qua r e -headed b r ooche s , t h ey c on t inued t ob e p r oduced , a nd t h a t m anuf a c tu r e w ou ld h ave c e a sed f o l low ing a c o l lap se i n d emand f o r t h em , r a the r t h an t h e r e ve r se ( t he m ean s o fp roduc t ion a nd c r af t smen w e r e c l ea r ly s t i l l a va i lab le , s i nce t h ey c on t inued t o p roduce d i sc b rooche s ) . H oweve r , w ha t i sl e s s c e r ta in i st h e r e la t ion sh ip b e tween c hang ing d r e s s a nd b rooch s t y le sa mong t h e l i v ing a nd a mong t h ed ead . T he d a t e sg i ven a bove r e f lec tf a sh ion a mong s tt h e d ecea sed . H ow c l o se ly t h i sw a sr e la t ed t o , o rd if e r ed f r om ,f a sh ion sa mong t h e l i v ing w ec anno ts a y . v i i . C onc lu s ion s . T h i sc hap te rh a sp rov ided o n ly av e ry g ene ra l o v e rv iew o f am a s s ive s ub jec t , n ame ly , t h e d ev e lopmen t a nd c h rono logy o f ar a ng e o ft h e m a in a r tef a c t t y pe s f o und i nK en t i sh A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s , a nd t h e c h rono logy o ft h o se g r ave s t h em se lve s . Much f u tu r e w o rk r ema in s t ob e d one o n t h e se s ub jec t s , a nd t h a t l i e s b eyond t h e s cope o ft h i s t h e s i s . H owev e r , t h e m any s t ud ie s t h a t h ave b een c a r r ied o u t o n d if e r en t c l a s se s o fg r ave g ood s , o n i n d iv idua l s i t e s , a nd o n K en t i sh , C on t inen ta l a nd A ng lo -Saxon c h rono log ie s g ene ra l ly , a nd i np a r t icu la rt h e r e cen tw o rk b y B i r te B rugmann o n t h e l i nk s b e tw een t h e 6t h c en tu ry K en t i sh a nd F rank i sh c h rono log ie s , d o p rov ide a f r amewo rk i n to w h ich m any K en t i sh b u r ia l sc an b ef a i r ly s e cu re ly p l a ced . I ti ss u ch af r am ewo rk t h a ti so u t l ined i nt h ef o l low ing c hap t e r .

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Chap ter 6 : Ken t i sh P ha se s . I .I n troduc t ion . I nt h i sc hap te r , ad ef in i t ion o fe a ch o ft h et e nc h rono log ica lp ha se st h a tw i l ls ub sequen t ly b eu s ed i nt h i s s t udy i sg i v en , f o l lowed b y ab r ief d i scu s s ion a bou tt h e o v e ra l ln umbe r s o fg r ave s i ne a ch p ha se . Al i s t o ft h eg r av e sa s s igned t oe ach p ha se i sa l so g i v en . i . D ef in i t ion o fP ha se s . P ha se I A . T h e d i s t inc t ion b e tween t h i s p ha se a nd t h e s u cce ed ing , b u t i nr e a l i ty o ve r lapp ing p ha se I B , i st os om e e x t en t m o r e t h eo re t ica l t h an s t r ic t ly c h rono log ica l . P ha se I A i sd ef ined a si n c lud ing t h o se g r ave s t h a t c ou ld d a t et ot h e v e ry l a te 4 t h , o rf i r s th a lf o ft h e 5 t h , c en tu r ie s , a nd w h ich c anno t b e c l ea r ly d ef ined a s e i the r l a t e -Roman o r A ng lo -Saxon . T he w eapon b u r ia l f r om R ichbo rough C a s t le , a nd t h e m u l t ip le b u r ia l i n ap i t a tS tou r S t ree t , C an t e rbu ry , f a l l w i th in t h i s d ef in i t ion . L ym inge I g r ave 3 ,t h ough i na c l ea r ly A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry , c ou ld a l so p o s s ib ly b e i n c lud ed i nt h i sp ha se ; E v i son d a ted i tt ob e tw een c .4 25 -500 ( Ev i son 1 987 ) , a nd i tc on ta ined al a t e R oman b uck le o fH awke s a nd D unn ing 's t y pe I A , a R oman c o in a nd p o s s ib ly R oman k n if e , a nd t wo f r agmen t s o fc oppe r a loy t u be b ea r ing Q uo i t B rooch S t y le d eco ra t ion . T hu s , w h i l s t i tw a s c l ea r ly a5t h c en tu ry b u r ia l w i th in a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry , i t c on ta ined n od ef in i te ly G e rman ic g r ave g ood s . T he 5t h c en tu ry m i l i ta ry b e l ts e tf r om M i l ton R eg i s ( s i te 1 82 )p r obab ly c ame f r om ag r ave ( Hawk e sa nd D unn ing 1 96 1) , a nd i fs o t h i s b u r ia l w ou ld p robab ly h ave b een a s s igned t oP ha se I A . H oweve r , t h e r e la t ion sh ip , i fa ny , b e tween P ha se I A b u r ia l s a nd t h e e a r l ie s t d ef in i te ly A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s i ne a s t K en t( Pha se L B )i su nc lea r . K ey f i nd s t h a t c ha ra c te r i se t h i s p ha se i n c lude l a t e -Roman b e l t -f i t t ing s , m i l i ta ry b e l t -f i t t ing s a nd f i xed p l a t e b uck le s , Q uo i t B rooch S t y le m e ta lwo rk , a nd t h e R henen -Ve rmand t y pe s h ie ld -bo s s f r om R ichbo rough C a s t le . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c . 395 -450 . G rave s : A sh I ,R ichbo rough , g r ave 1 . L ym ing eI ,g r ave 3 . P ha se I B . T h i s p ha se i n c lude s b u r ia l s o fp robab le 5 t h c en tu ry d a t e w h ich c on ta in c l ea r ly G e rman ic o b jec t s , a nd w ho se s t a t u s a s ' Ang lo -Saxon ' ( c u l tu ra l ly i fn o t e t hn ica l ly ) i sn o t s e r iou s ly i nd oub t . T hu s i n c lude s g r ave sa tL ym ing e I ,B if ron s , O rp ing ton a nd D a r en th P a rk . 5t h c en tu ry g r ave s a lmo s tc e r ta in ly e x i s t ed a t an umbe ro fo t he rs i te s , i n c lud ing B uck land ( 5t hc en t u ry b u r ia l sh ave n ow b een i d en t if ied a mong s tt h e g r ave se xcava t ed i n1 994 ) , O z enge l la nd G i l ton i ne a s tK en t , a nd R i se ley i nw e s tK en t . H ow eve r ,m any o ft h e e a r l ie r g r ave s a ta l l t h e s i t e s m en t ioned a bove a r e d e sc r ibed a s ‘ 5t h o r e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry ' . T he m a in p r ob lem w i th i d en t if y ing t r u ly 5t h c en tu ry b u r ia l s i so ne o fd i s t ingu i sh ing t h em f r om t h e l a rge n umbe r so fg r ave st h a th ave b een d ef ined a s' f if t h s ix th c en tu ry ' i n an umbe ro fr e po r t s . Many t y pe so f g r ave g ood s c anno t b e m o r e c l o se ly d a t ed t h an ' l a t e 5t h,o r e a r ly 6t h' ,a nd c on sequen t ly b u r ia l s c on ta in ing s u ch o b jec t s c anno tb e c e r ta in ly a s s igned t ot h e 5t h c en tu ry . F u r the rmo re , m any 5th c en tu ry o b jec t s ( i nc lud ing t h o se d i scu s sed u nde r P ha se I A a bove ) w e r e c l ea r ly b u r ied i n 6t h c en tu ry g r ave s , r a i s ing f u r the rd i ff icu l t ie s i ni d en t if y ing 5t h c en t u ry b u r ia l s . T he g r ave s i d en t if i ed a sb e ing w i th in P ha se L B h e r e a r e t h o se w h ich c on ta in o n ly o b jec t s o fd ef in i t e 5t h c en tu ry d a t e , o r w h ich u nde r l ie e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry b u r ia l s ,a nd w h ich a r ec l ea r ly A ng lo -Saxon i nn a tu r e . C ha ra c t e r i s t ic f i nd s o fP ha se I B i n c lude e a r ly G e rman ic w omen 's b rooche s ( c ruc if o rm , e qua l -a rmed , s ma l l long , b u t ton , s auce r , S cand inav ian r e l ief a nd s qua r e -headed b r ooche s ) , a nd 5t h c en tu ry b u ck le s a nd /o rb e l tf i t t ing s , 5t h c en tu ry p o t te ry v e s se l s .

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P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c . 450 -500 . G rave s : D a r en th P a rk g rave 4 . L ym inge I g r ave s 1 2 ,2 2 ,2 9 ,6 3 . O rp ing ton g r ave s2 ,4 ,6 ,1 9 ,2 1 ,2 8 ,3 2 , 3 9 , 5 8 , 6 0 , 6 1 , 6 5 ,6 8 . P a t r ixboume I ,B if ron sg r ave 2 3 . P ha se I . T h i s p ha se i sb a sed o n t h e c h rono logy d ef ined b y B i r te B rugmann o n t h e b a s i s o fc on t inen ta l g r av e g ood s i n6 t h c en tu ry K en t i sh g r ave s ( Brugmann 1 999 ) . S he p r ov i s iona l ly h ad i ts t a r t ing w i th t h e 6 t h c en tu ry , s i nce a l i t s k ey g r av e s , t h ough o f t en c on ta in ing 5 t h c en tu ry m a t e r ia l , d a ted t o t h e 6 t h . I t r ema in st ob es e en i fa ny p o s s ib ly 5 t hc en tu ry g r ave sa r ef o und w h ich f a l lw i th in i t sd ef in i t ion . B rugmann d ef ined t h ep ha se o nt h eb a s i so ff ema le g r av e sw i th a tl e a s t 4b rooche s , i n c lud ing 1o rm o r e K en t i sh s qua r e -headed b rooch e s , b u t e xc lud ing K en t i sh d i sc b rooche s . T he u sua l k i t i n c luded 2 K en t i sh s qua r e -head s , a nd 2 i mpo r ted b r ooche s ( u sua l ly F rank i sh r a d ia t e o r d i sc b rooche s ) . G rave s d ef in i te ly a s s igned t ot h i s p ha se b y h e r i n c luded B if ron s 4 1 , 4 2 a nd 5 1 , a nd M i l l H i l l I6 1 a nd 7 3 . F i ng le sham D 3 w a s i n te rmed ia te b e tween p ha se s Ia nd I . I nt h i s t h e s i s , an umbe r o fo t he r g r ave s h av e b een a s s igned t ot h i s p ha se , e i the r d ue t ot h e i r p l a cemen t w i th in t h i s d a te r a nge i n ar e cen t s i t e r e po r t ( e i the r E v i son 1 987 o r P a r f i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) , o r d ue t o t h e d a t ing o ft h e i r i n d iv idua l a r t ef a c ta s semb lage , o rd ue t o as t ra t ig raph ic r e la t ion sh ip w i th o t he rc l o se ly d a ted g r ave s . T h i s a pp l ie s t ot h el i s to fg r ave sw i th in e a ch P ha se d e sc r ip t ion . K ey f i nd s i nP ha se I a r e t h e e a r l ie rt y pe s o fi mpo r ted b r ooche s a nd K en t i sh s qua re -headed b rooche s , s h oe shaped r i ve t s , a nd e a r l ie rc on t inen ta lb uck le t y pe s . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c .5 00 -530 /40 . G rave s : C ha tham L ine sg r ave s Ia nd V I . D ea l I ,M i l l H i l l Ig r ave s 1 7 , 2 2 , 2 9 , 3 , 3 5 , 3 6 , 3 8 , 3 9 , 5 7 , 5 8 , 5 9 , 6 0 , 6 1 , 6 2 , 7 0 , 7 1 , 7 2 , 7 3 , 7 4 , 7 5 , 8 6 . D ov e r I , B uck land g r ave s 2 0 , 4 8 , 2 54 , 2 55 , 2 63 .2 , 2 81 , 2 96 , 3 47 , 3 51 . 1 , 3 51 .2 , 3 9 1 .1 , 3 9 1 .2 , 4 17 , 4 19 . L i t t lebou rne I ,H ow le t t sg r ave 4 . L ym inge I g r ave s 1 0 , 3 9 . N o r thbou rne I ,F ing le sham g r ave sD 3 ,2 04 . O rp ing ton g r ave s4 1 , 7 5 . P a t r ixbou rne I ,B if ron sg r ave s4 1 ,4 2 , 5 1 . P ha se I I . T h i s p ha se i sa l so t a ken f r om B rugmann 's c h rono logy . S he d ef ined i tb y f ema le b u r ia l s w i th K en t i sh d i sc b rooche s o f A ven t 's C la s se s 1o r 2a c compan ied b y o t he r b rooche s . D ef in ing g r ave s w e r e L ym inge I 4 4 , S a r r e 4 ,B if ron s 2 9 , Me r sham A , B uck land 9 2 , M i l l H i l l I2 5B a nd 1 05 , a nd H ow le t t s A . F ing le sham 2 03 w a si n t e rmed ia t eb e tw een p ha se sI Ia nd I V . K ey f i nd s a r e K en t i sh d i sc b r ooche s o fA ven t 's C la s se s 1a nd 2 ,l a te r t y pe s o fK en t i sh s qua r e -headed a nd i mpo r ted b rooche s , a nd l a t e rt y pe so fc on t inen ta lb u ck le , a l so s hoe shaped r i ve t s . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : 5 30 /40 -560 /70 . G rave s : D ea lI ,M i l lH i l l Ig r ave s2 5A ,2 5B ,3 7 ,9 2 ,9 7 , 1 02 , 1 04 , 1 05A , 1 05B , 1 05C . D ove rI ,B u ck land g rave 9 2 . L i t t leboume I ,H ow le t t sg r ave 1 . L ym inge I g r ave 4 4 . Me r sham Ig r ave A . N o r thboume I ,F ing le sham g r ave sE 2a ,E 2b ,2 03 ,2 05 . P a t r ixboume I ,B if ron sg r ave sA ,2 7 ,2 9 , 6 4B ,9 2 .

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C hap te r6 .

S an eg r ave s4 ,1 59 . S t ow t ing g r ave 9 . P ha se I V . K en t i sh P ha se I V i st h e l a t e s t p ha se t ob e f u l ly d ef ined b y B rugmann . I ti sc ha rac te r i sed b y f ema le b u r ia l s w i th as i ng le K en t i sh d i sc b r ooch o fA v en t 's c l a s se s 1o r2 . G rave s d ef in i te ly a s s igned t ot h i s p ha se b yB rugmann w e re B eke sbou rne 2 2 , B if ron s 7 4 , B uck land 3 0 , 3 8 a nd 5 9 , M i l l H i l l I6 4 a nd 9 4 , a nd M i l l H i l l IA . G i l ton 4 1 i si n te rmed ia t eb e tw een p ha se s I V a nd V . As i ng le d i sc b rooch o fC la s s 1 . 2 i sa c compan ied b ya na me thy s tb ead a nd ac o in d a t ed 50 -75 ( c o in b u r ied i nf r e sh c ond i t ion ) . K ey f i nd s i n c lude s i ng le d i sc b rooche so fA v en t 's C la s se s 1o r2 ,a nd l a te rs h ie ld -on tongue b uck le s . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : 5 60 /70 -580 /90 . G rave s : A sh I ,G i l ton g r av e s6 2 , 8 1 . B eke sbou rne I g r ave 2 2 . D ea lI ,M i l lH i l l Ig r ave s 1 0 ,4 0 ,4 5 , 6 4 , 7 , 7 9 , 9 3 ,9 4 ,9 5 ,9 6 , 1 00 , 1 0 1 . D ea lI ,M i l lH i l l Ig r ave 1 . D ove rI ,B uck land g r ave s 1 4 , 3 0 , 3 8 , 5 9 ,2 04 . P a t r ixbou rne I ,B if ron sg r ave 7 4 . S an eg r ave 1 58 . P ha se V . B rugmann d ef ined t h i s p ha se o n t h e b a s i s o ff ema le b u r ia l s w i th as i ng le b rooch o fA ven t 's C la s se s 3 o nwa rd s , a nd /o r p endan t s ( o the r t h an D -b ra c t ea t e s ) , a nd a me thy s t b ead s . H oweve r , s he d ef ined n o e nd ing d a t e r a nge f o r t h i s p ha se , a nd d i d n o t d i scu s s i ti nd e ta i l , s i nce i tf a l l s m o s t ly w i th in t h e 7 t h c en tu ry . T he g r ave s s h e l i s t ed f o r i ti n c luded B u ck land 1 8 , d a ted b y E v i son t o6 25 -50 , B uck land 6 7 , d a t ed t o6 50 -75 , a nd S i be r t swo ld 1 72 , c o in d a t ed t oc .6 50 . I nc on t ra s t , E v i son d i v ided t h e 7t h c en tu ry g r ave s a tB uck land i n to t h o se d a t ing t ob ef o r e c .6 25 ( h e rp ha se 3 ) , t h o se d a t ing t ob e tween c .6 25 -650 ( Buck land p ha se 4 ) ,b e tween 6 50 -675 ( Bu ck land p ha se 5 )a nd b e tw een c .6 75 -700 ( Buck land p ha se 5 ) . T hu s B rugmann 's d ef in i t ion o fp ha se V n eed st i gh t en ing t oi n c lude o n ly b u r ia l s d a tab le t oc .5 80 /90 -c . 6 25 . T he m a jo r i ty o fg r ave s c on ta in ing b u r ia l sw i th d i sc b r ooche s o fA ven t 's c l a s s 3o rl a te ra ppea rt o f a l l w i th in t h i s d a te r a ng e ( a l though t h e l a te s t c l a s se s o f c ompo s i te d i sc b rooch w e r e m anuf a c tu r ed b e tween c .6 30 -50 ) , a sd o an umbe ro fo t he rb u r ia l s . K ey f i nd s a r e K en t i sh d i sc b r ooche s o fA ven t ' s c l a s s 3o nwa rd s , p l a ted d i sc b rooche s , a nd c ompo s i te d i sc b rooche s , a nd b uck le sw i th t r i angu la rp l a t e s . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : 5 80 /90 -c . 6 25 . G rave s : A sh I ,G i l ton g r ave sD , 1 9 ,2 3 ,2 7 ,4 1 ,4 2 , 7 6 , 1 08 . B a rham I ,B r ea ch D own g r av e5 3 . C ha r tham D own sg r ave A . C ha tham L ine sg r ave X I I . D ea lI ,M i l lH i l l Ig r ave 3 . D ove rI ,B uck land g r ave s 1 ,2 9 , 3 2 ,3 5 , 1 26 . F ave r sham I ,K ing 's F i e ld g r ave 3 . F o lke s tone I I ,D ove rH i l lg r ave s 1 0 , 1 3 ,2 4 ,2 9 . F o lke s tone I V , Ma r te l l° D a i ry F a rm g r ave A . H o r ton K i rby I ,R i se ley g r av e s6 6A ,6 6B . K ing s ton D own sg r ave s 1 5a , 1 5b , 1 6 1 ,2 05A ,2 05B . S an eg r av e sI ,6 8 , 15 , 1 85 , 1 90 ,2 10a ,2 10b . S hephe rd sw e l l , S i be r t swo ld g r ave s9 5 , 1 0 1 , 1 42 . S hephe rd sw e l l ,B a rf r i s ton g r ave s6 ,9 . T eynham I g r ave 1 . W ickhamb r eaux I ,S upper ton F a rm g r ave 1 . W ingham I ,W i the rden F a rm g r ave 4 .

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C hap t e r6 .

Wye D own s Ig rave A . P ha se V I . K en t i sh P ha se V I i sd ef ined h e r e a si n c lud ing t h o se b u r ia l s w h ich c an b e d a ted s e cu re ly t ot h e s e cond q ua r t e ro ft h e 7t h c en tu ry ( e qu iva len tt oE v i son 's p ha se 4a tB uck land ) . T he w ea r ing o fb rooche s c ame t oa ne nd d u r ing t h i s p ha se , w i th p i n s , b ead s , a nd p endan t s b ecom ing t h e m a in r i ch f ema le d r e s s s t y le . H ow ev e r , s ome g r ave s w i th o l d b rooche s , o rt h e l a te s t c ompo s i t e d i sc b rooche s , u ndoub t ed ly d a te t o t h i sp ha se . T he c o s tume o fp i n s , n eck la ce a nd p endan t s r ema ined t h e d om inan t f ema le d r e s s s t y le f o r t h e r ema inde r o ft h e c en tu ry . T h i s m ake s i td i ff icu l t t od i s t ingu i sh g r ave s o ft h i s p ha se f r om t h o se o f l a t e r( o re a r l ie r )p ha se s . K ey f i nd si n c lude t h e l a te s tc ompo s i t ed i sc b r ooche s( Aven t 's c l a s s 1 . 2 ) . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c .6 25 -650 . G rave s : D ov e rI ,B uck land g r ave s 1 8 ,2 7 , 3 4 ,3 9 ,4 3 ,4 4 , 5 , 5 8 , 6 2 ,6 4 , 6 6 , 7 1 , 9 0 , 9 6A , 9 6B , 1 3 1 . D un ton G reen I ,P o lh i l lg r av e s9 ,3 7 ,7 3 . M i l ton R eg i sI I ,H ugg in 's F i e ld sg r ave C . Monk ton I ,P r im ro se H i l lg r av e3 . P ha se V I I . T he l a ck o fs i gn if i can tc hang e s i nf ema le d r e s s s t y le s a f t e rt h e s e cond q ua r te r o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry m ean s t h a t s u ch c hange s c anno t f o rm t h e b a s i s o fK en t i sh c h rono log ica l p ha se s i nt h e 7t h c en tu ry . R a th e r , a s s ignmen t o fg r ave s t ot h i s p ha se m u s t b e b a sed o n c o in -da t ed g r ave s , a nd o t he r i n d iv idua l ly d a tab le f i nd s . K ey f i nd sa r ec o in s( t he l a t e s t Me rov ing ian g o ld c o inag e ) . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c .6 50 -675 . G rave s : D ov e rI ,B uck land g r ave s6 ,8 ,1 0 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 6 7 , 1 28 , 1 29 , 1 32 , 1 3 3 , 1 34 , 1 37 , 1 39 , 1 55 , 1 56 , 1 57 . K ing s ton D own g r ave 1 27 . S hephe rd swe l l , S i ber t swo ld g r ave 1 72 . P ha se V I I I . K en t i sh P ha se V I I I i n c lude s t h o se b u r ia l s d a t ed f i rm ly t ot h e l a s t q ua r t e r o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry . E v i son a s s igned a n umbe r o f g r av e s a tB u ck land t o t h i s p ha se ( h e r p ha se 6 ) . T he g ene ra l d ec l ine i nt h e p r ov i s ion o fg r ave g ood s b yt h i s p e r iod m ake s i td i ff icu l t t oc l o se ly d a t e b u r ia l s , o rd i s t ingu i sh g r ave s o ft h i sp ha se f r om t h o se o ft h ep r eced ing o rf o l low ing p ha se . K ey f i nd sa r et h ee a r l ie s ts e r ie so fs i lve rs c ea t ta s . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c .6 75 -700 . G rave s : B road s ta i r s I ,B rad s tow S choo lg r ave L . D ov e r I , B uck land g r ave s 9 5 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 3 , 1 07 , 1 08 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 1 24 , 1 38 , 1 4 1 , 1 44 , 1 48 , 1 49 , 1 50 , 1 5 8 , 1 59 , 1 60 , 1 6 1 , 1 62 , 1 6 3 , 1 64 . D ov e rI V , H igh Meadow g r ave 1 . D un ton G reen I ,P o lh i l lg r av e s4 2A ,4 2B . S nod land I ,H o lbo rough g r ave 7 .

P ha se I X . K en t i sh P ha se I Xr e p re sen t st h el a s tp ha se o fb u r ia l sw i th g r ave g ood s . I ti n c lude ss ome s c ea t ta g r ave s , a nd g rave s w i th t h e f ew r e cogn i sab ly 8 t h c en tu ry g r ave g ood s . Weapon b u r ia l h ad a l b u t c ea sed b y

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t h i sp ha se . I tb eg in sw i th t h e 8t hc en tu ry , b u ti ti su nc lea rh ow f a ri n to t h i sc en tu ry b u r ia lo fg r ave g ood s c on t inued . H oweve r ,t h e r e i sl i t t le p o s i t ive e v idence t h a ti tc on t inued o n a ny s i gn if ican ts c a le b eyond c . 7 40 , a nd t h ee nd o ft h i sp ha se i sp rov i s iona l ly s e ta tt h em idd le o ft h ec en tu ry . K ey f i nd sa r el a t e rs c ea t ta s . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c . 700 -750 . G rave s : A y le sf o rd I ,E cc le sg r ave K 12 . D ov e r I ,B uck land g r ave s 6 8 , 7 2 , 7 3 , 7 4 , 7 5 , 7 6 , 7 7 , 7 8 , 7 9 , 8 0 , 8 1 , 8 2 , 8 3 , 8 4 , 8 5 , 8 6 , 9 , 1 00 , 17 , 1 20 , 1 27 , 1 45 , 1 46 , 1 5 1 , 1 52 , 1 53 , 1 54 , 1 6 5 . D un ton G r een ,P o lh i l lg r ave 9 4 . P ha se X . K en t i sh P ha se X i n c lude sa l m id t ol a te A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s i nK en tt h a td a te t oa f t e rt h ee nd ing o ft h e p r a c t i se o f d epo s i t ing g r ave g ood s . I n p r a c t i se m o s t s u ch b u r ia l s a s h ave b een i d en t if i ed a r e i n c hu r chya rd s ,s i nce i nl a te c eme te r ie ss u ch a sE cc le s , w he r eb u r ia lp r obab ly c on t inued i n to t h el a te 8t h o r 9t h c en tu r ie s , i t i s v i r tua l ly i mpo s s ib le t o d a te i n d iv idua l b u r ia l s , o r d i s t ingu i sh t h em f r om u na ccompan ied b u r ia l s o f e a r l ie r p e r iod s . I n d iv idua l b u r ia l s o ft h i s p ha se ( t ha t i s , u na ccompan ied c hu r chya rd b u r ia l s )d on o tf a l lw i th in t h es c ope o ft h i st h e s i s . P rov i s iona ld a te r ange : c . 750 1100 . i i .D i scu s s ion . F i gu r e s 1 2a 12c s how s ome o ft h e g r ave g ood s f o und i nb u r ia l s o fe a ch p ha se . I n d iv idua lg r ave g ood s w h ich w e re c l ea r ly m anuf ac tu r ed i n ap a r t icu la r p ha se , b u t w ho se b u r ia l c on t ex t i su nknown , a r e a l so s hown i ns ome c a se s . C ha r t 1s how st h en umbe r sa s s igned t oe a ch p ha se . T he g r ea tm a jo r i ty o fg r ave sc ou ld n o tb ea sc l o se ly d a t ed a st oa low t h e i r p l a cemen tw i th in as i ng le p ha se . H oweve r , s i gn if i can t n umbe r s c ou ld b e d a t ed t ow i th in t wo p ha se s ( t hu s ag r ave d a ted c .6 50 -700 w ou ld b e p l a c ed i np ha se s V I I o r V I I I ) . C ha r t 1 a l so s how s t h en umbe r s o fb u r ia l s a s s igned t ow i th in t wo p ha se s . T he p a t te rn r e vea led i sc l ea r ly t oa n e x ten t ap roduc t o f b i a se s w i th in t h e d a t ing e v idence . Mo r e g r ave s a r e a s s igned t o i n d iv idua l 6f i c en tu ry p ha se s t h an e a r l ie r o rl a t e r , r e f lec t ing t h e m o r e d i sc r e t e p ha se s o ft h a t c en tu ry . H ow eve r , t h e l a rg e n umbe r o fb u r ia l s a s s igned g ene ra l ly t ot h e 2 'd h a lf o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry p robab ly r e f lec t s at r ue p a t t e rn . C e r ta in ly , o ve ra l l t h e n umbe r o f 7f i c en tu ry b u r ia l s t h a t h ave b een e xcava t ed i n K en t s i gn if ican t ly e xceed st h en umbe ro fi d en t if ied 6t hc en tu ry b u r ia l s .

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b een d epo s i ted d e l ibe ra te ly i n to t h e g r ave , r a the rt h an b e ing r e s idua l ) p l aced i n to a n i n huma t ion g r ave . A f u r the r 2 9 a s semb lage s ( 19 .6% o f c l a s s I V ) c on s i s ted o f c r ema t ion u rn s , o f w h ich o n ly 5 w e re a ccompan ied b ya ny o t he rf i nd s . T ype I Vc a s semb lage s c on ta ined g l a s s v e s se ls . T he re w e r e 1 9 s uch a s semb lage s , mak ing u p 1 2 .8% o f c l a s s I V . O ft h e se , 8c on ta ined as i ng le g l a s s v e s se l o n ly . T ype s l Vd a nd e a s semb lage s c on ta ined m e ta l v e s se ls o rw ooden b ucke t s , a nd b oxe s o ro t he r w ooden v e s se ls a nd /o r p u r se s r e spec t ive ly . T he 1 3 t y pe I Vf a s semb lage s c on s i s ted o f c omb ina t ion s o f v e s se l t y pe s . N ine o f t h e se a s semb lage s c on ta ined p o t s , a nd n ine c on ta ined g l a s s v e s se l s . i .4b . L i s to fg rave so fa s semb lage c l a s sI V . C la s s I Val : B reach D own s 1 4 , 1 6 , B ou rne P a rk 1 ,3 ,B rad s tow S choo l I , C ha r tham D own s B , C , D , 4 6 , C ha tham L ines E ,D a ren th P a rk 1 0 , B uck land 2 34 , 3 07 , 38 , 3 7 1 , 4 18 , G i l l ingham I1 ,R i se ley 4 8 , 4 9 , 5 5 , 1 0 1 , K ing s ton D own 2 95 , Ma rga t e I5 ,7 ,M i l ton R eg is I V 1 , Monk ton I1 8 , F ing le sham E l , O rp ing ton 6 0 , 8 2 , R am sga te I I 1 ,2 , S ane 6 9 , 2 02 , B a rf r i s ton 1 2 , S ibe r t swo ld 1 53 , H o lbo rough 4 , S t ow t ing 2 2 , 2 3 . C las s I Va2 : E cc le s L 25 , B uck land 2 95 , K ing s ton D own 5 6 , 1 06 , 1 84 , 3 03 , M i l ton R eg i s I I G , Mon I c ton IA , F ing le sham A l , C l , S ane 1 29 ,B a rf r i s ton 1 , 2 6 , S i ber t swo ld 3 3 . C las sI Va3 : M i l lH i l l I6 7 , K ing s ton D own 2 18 , L ym inge I 4 2 , S tow t ing C las s I Va4 : B eke sbour ne I3 8 , B uck land 3 87 , S ane 2 9 , B a rf r is ton 2 3 . C las s I Va5 : B uck land 2 38 .2 , F o lke s tone I I 3 7 . C las sI Va6 : K ing s ton D own 3 4 . C las s I Va7 : S ane 2 77 . C las s I Va8 : S tow t ing 2 0 . C la s s I Va9 : K ing s ton D own 8 9 . C las s I Val0 : B uck land 1 09 . C las s I Vall : B uck land 3 88 . C la s s I Val2 : P o lh i l l 9 4 . C la s sI Val3 : S ibe r t swo ld 3 7 . C la s sI Val4 : B eke sbou rne I 1 4 . C la s sI Val5 : S ibe r t swo ld 1 64 . C las s I Vb1 : R i se ley 1 0 , 1 , 1 2 , 4 1 , 12 , 13 , O rp ing ton 8 ,1 0 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 5 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 8 , 2 7 , 2 8 , 3 0 , 3 4 ,4 6 , 5 0 , 5 2 , 8 4 , O tf o rd 1 . C la s sI V I 32 : R i se ley 6 0 , O rp ing ton 1 . C la s sI Vb3 : O rp ing ton 9 . C las sI Vb4 : O rp ing ton 1 4 . C la s s I Vb5 : H o l l ingbou rne I1 . C la s s I Vc1 : M i l l H i l l I3 ,B uck land 3 55 , F ave r sham I1 ,K ing s ton D own 2 05B , L ym inge I 4 1 , 6 3 , M in s te r I1 ,S ibe r t swo ld 7 . C la s sI Vc2 : H oa th I1 ,S ane 2 15 . C las sI Vc3 : K ing s ton D own 9 ,B a rf r i s ton 2 8 . C las sI Vc4 : M i l lH i l l I3 2 ,K ing s ton D own 19 . C las s I Vc5 : L ym inge I 1 3 ,B if ron s I . C las s I Vc6 : K ing s ton D own 3 5B . C la s sI Vc7 : F ing le sham AA4 . C las sI Vc8 : B uck land 4 20 . C la s s C la s s C las s C la s s

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i i .5 .V .B e l ta nd /or Kn if ea s s emb lage s . i i .5a . D ef in i t ion . At o ta l o f6 45 a s semb lage s i nt h e s amp le c on ta ined p r ima r i ly k n ive s a nd /o r b uck le s a nd b e l t f i t t ing s . T h ey d i v ided i n to 3b a s ic t y pe s . T ype V a c on s i s t ed o fa s semb lage s c on ta in ing k n ive s b u t n o b uck le s o rb e l tf i t t ing s . T ype V b a s semb lage s c on ta in ed b uck le s o ro t he rb e l t f i t t ing s , b u tn o k n iv e s , a nd t y pe V c a s semb lage s c on t a ined ac omb ina t ion o fk n ive s a nd b e l t f i t t ing s . L ike t h e o t he r a s semb lage c l a s se s , e a ch c l a s s V a s semb lage t ype c on s i s t so fn ume rou ss ub type s ,w h ich a r e l i s ted i nT ab le s 14 117 . T he r ew e re 3 82 c l a s s V aa s semb lage s i nt h e s amp le ( a s semb lage s c on ta in ing k n ive s , b u tn o b uck le s o r b e l tf i t t ing s ) . T h i se qua t e st oo ve r5 9% o fc l a s sV . O ft h e se ,t h e m a jo r i ty ( 5 7 .6% )c on s i s ted o f as i ng le k n if e o n ly , a nd a s semb lage s c on ta in ing o n ly k n ive s w i th o r w i thou t f i t t ing s , f r agmen t s , a nd u n id en t if i ed o b jec t s( s ub type V a l) a c coun t ed f o rj u s to ve r7 8% o fk n if ec omb ina t ion s . O n ly 7 8 c l a s s Va s semb lag e s c on ta ined b e l t f i t t ing s a nd /o r b uck le s , b u t n o k n ive s ( t ype V b ) . T h i s r e pea t s t h e p a t te rn o b se rved w i th t h e o t he r a s semb lag e c l a s se s o fk n if e a nd b e l t /kn if e c omb ina t ion s b e ing s i gn if ican t ly mo r e f r equ en t t h an t h o se w i th ab e l t b u t n o k n if e . C lea r ly i tw a s c ommon t ob e b u r ied w i th ak n if e o r k n ive s o n ly , b u t i fa n i n d iv idua l w a s i n te r r ed w ea r ing a b e l t t h ey w e r e a l so p rov ided w i th ak n if e r ough ly t wo th i rd s o ft h e t i me . L ike t y pe V a a s semb lage s , t h e m a jo r i ty o ft y pe V bc on s i s ted o ft h es imp le s tc omb ina t ion , b e l tf i t t ing so rb uck le so n ly f o rm ing 7 4 .4% o ft h et y pe . T h e r ew e re 1 85 a s semb lag e s c on ta in ing b o th b e l t f i t t ing s a nd k n ive s i na s semb lage c l a s s V( Vc ) . T he v a r ie ty a nd c omp lex i ty o ft h e s ea s semb lag e sw a ss omewha tg r ea te rt h an t h o se c on ta in ing k n ive so rb e l t f i t t ing so n ly . H oweve r , t h e s imp le s tc omb ina t ion t y pe ( b e l t f i t t ing s /buck le s p l u s k n if e ) s t i l l a c coun t ed f o ra lmo s th a lf t h et o ta l a s semb lag e so ft h et y pe ( 4 9 .2% ) . T h ea s semb lage s o fc l a s s V , t h en , w e r e p r edom inan t ly s imp le a s semb lage s . T he r e w e r e at o ta l o f3 69 a s semb lages c on ta in ing a k n i f e o n ly , o r b e l t /buck le o n ly , o r b e l t /buck le p l u s k n if e o n ly , t o ge the r f o rm ing 5 7 .2% o fc l a s s Va s semb lage s ( a nd 1 8 .3% o fa l g r ave g ood a s semb lage s i nt h e s amp le ) . T h i s p a t t e rn c on t ra s t s w i th s ome o t he r t y pe s o f a s semb lag e ( n o tab ly b rooch a s semb lage s ) w he re t h e c omb ina t ion so fg r ave g ood sw e re m o re f r equen t ly c omp lex t h an s imp le . O fa l t h eg rave g ood s f ound i nt h e s amp le , k n ive s w e r e m o s t f r equen t ly f o und u na ccompan ied b ya ny o t he ro b jec t s . T he p a t ter no fd epo s i t ion o fk n ive s a nd b e l t f i t t ing s , b o th a mong s t c l a s s Va s semb lag e s , a nd a mong s t b u r ia l s w i th g r av e g ood s a s aw ho le ( s ee a bove ) i mp l ie s t h a t t h e k n if e w a s p e rhap s t h e m o s tb a s ic o fg r ave g ood s( a l though o n ly 6 3% o fa s semb lag e sc on ta ined t h em ) . i i .5b . L i s to fg r ave so fa s semb lag ec l a s sV . C la s s V al .1 : G i l ton 1 8 , 2 9 , 3 7 , 4 3 , 6 3 , 6 8 , E cc le s J 4 3 , K 14 , K 37 , L O2a , L 03 , L 53 , L 54 , L 63 , B a rham D own s B3 ,B rea ch D own s4 B , 7 ,8 ,2 3 , 3 9 , 5 0 , B eke sbou rne I3 ,9 ,1 3 , 2 2 ,2 7 , 3 9 , B eke sbou rne I 1 0 , 2 7 ,2 8 , 3 6A , 3 9 , B i shop sbou r n e I5 ,7 a , B rad s tow S choo l U , C ha r tham D own s2 ,7 ,1 8 , 2 0 , 2 9 ,4 2 ,4 5 , D a r en th P a rk 5 A , 5 B , M i l lH i l l I1 4 , 1 6 , 6 0 , 6 6 , 8 3 , 8 7 ,9 8 , D ove r I4 ,B uck land 1 6 , 1 7 , 4 0 , 6 4 , 7 7 , 8 0 , 9 7 , 1 04 , 1 05 , 1 06 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 1 2 3 , 1 25 , 1 30 ,2 06 ,2 24 . 1 ,2 48 ,2 63 . 1 ,2 69 ,2 72 ,2 82 .1 ,2 85 ,3 2 1 , 30 ,

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O b jec t s K n if e +K ey s +I r on R ing K n if e +K ey + I r on R ing + S ha rpen ing T oo l +P u r se + I r on O b jec t s K n if e +K ey + Wo rk -box +B one D isc +I r on O b jec t s T o ta lV a3

4

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6

5

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 . 1 1 . 1 2 . 1 3 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 1 6 . 1 7 . 1 8

K n if e +I r on R ing K n if e +I r on R ing s +I r on F i t t ing s K n if e +C oppe rA l loy R ing + I r on R od 2K n ive s +I r on R ing 2K n ive s +I r on R ing +2Whe t s tone s +I r on O b jec t s 1L a rge K n if e + 2K n ive s +I r on R ing T o ta l V a4 K n if e + Wooden V e s se l 4K n ive s + Wooden V e s se l K n if e +P u r se K n if e +B ag + I r on F ragmen t s K n if e +C omb K n if e +C omb + I r on S haf t K n if e +C omb + C ha in + B ox K n if e +B ox + I r on O b jec t s K n if e +S hea r s K n if e +S hea r s +C omb + I r on F ragmen t s K n if e +S p ind le -who r l 3K n ive s +C ruc ib le? + H one + Me ta lO b jec t s K n if e +S hoe la ce T ag K n if e +F i re -c racked F l in t K n if e +R oman C o in K n if e +R oman C o in +B ra ce le t? + I r on O b jec t s K n if e + 2R oman C o in s + Me ta l O b jec t s K n if e +2S cea t ta s T o ta lV a5

1 1

1 1 2 1 2 1

1

0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2

2 8 1 2 3 1 1 I

4 . 3 1 . 9 0 . 5 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2

1 1

0 . 2 0 . 2

1

0 . 2

2 1

2 02

3 . 3

3 1 1 2 1 1

0 . 5 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2

9 2 I 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2

1 . 4 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 5 0 . 2

1

1 1 3 1 2 6

3 82

T o ta lV a

0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2

4 5 9 .2

C hap ter 1 5

T ype b . B e l t s A nd B uck le s

S ub t ype 1

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4

2

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4

3

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8

T ab le 15 : C la s s Vb a s semb lag e s . . . D e scr ip t ion B e l tF i t t ing so rB uck le s B e l tF i t t ing so rB uck le s +F ragmen t s ,P i ece so rO b jec t s B uck le +R e s in S ub s tance S t rap -end / s T o ta l V bl +P in +P in +C oppe rA l loy S hee t +P in +2I r on R ing s +S i lve rF i nge rR ing + I r on L ink T o ta l V b2 B uck le + I r on R ing B uck le + I r on R ing + I r on T ag B e l t +P u r se +2I r on D iamond s B uck le +Tweeze r s? B e l t +R oman C o in B uck le +R oman O b jec t +I r on F ragmen t s +P o tS he rd 2S t rap -ends +C omb 2S i lve rS t rap -end s +S hea r s + Me ta l B ind ing T o ta l V b3

B uck le B uck le B uck le _B uck le

T o ta l Vb

N o i n s a mp le

%

5 8 5 1 1 6 5 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9

9 0 . 8 0 . 2 0 . 2 1 0 .1 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 6 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2

7 8

1 . 4 1 2 .1

3 58 , 3 79 , 3 86 .2 , 3 97 , 3 99 , 4 05 , 4 38 , 4 39 , P o lh i l l 1 2 , 2 0 , 2 1 , 2 2 , 2 5 , 3 2 , 4 4 , 5 7 , 5 8 , 6 0b , 6 1 , 6 9B , 7 2 , 7 4 , 7 5B , 8 2B , 8 8 , 9 1 , 9 3 , 9 8 , 1 08B , E a s t ry I V 1 ,F a rn ingham I2 , 3 , F o lke s tone I I 2 3 , 3 0 , 3 2 , G r eenw ich P a rk 3 ,H or ton K i rby I9 ,R i se ley 1 4 , 3 1 , 4 4 , 4 5 , 6 1 , 6 5 , 6 7 , 7 1 , 8 4 , 8 9 , 9 1 , 1 04 , K ing s ton D own 2 8 , 3 1 , 3 8 , 3 9 , 4 9 , 5 2 , 6 1 , 6 5 , 6 7 , 7 0 , 9 1 , 9 9 , 1 04 , 1 08 , 1 09 , 1 87 , 1 92 , 1 98 , 2 39 , 2 40 , 2 52 , 2 55 , 2 64 ,2 73B , 2 78 ,2 81 , 2 93 , 3 07 , L ym inge I 4 6 , Ma rga te I2 3 , Monk ton I8 ,1 4 , 1 5 , 1 6 , F ing le sham A 2 , G 4 ,O rp ing ton 4 0 , 5 9 , B if ron s 5 7 , 5 8 , 6 7 , O zenge l l 2 , 1 7 , 1 9A , 4 1 , 4 2 , 7 0 , 7 4 , R oche s te r I5 ,7 ,9 ,1 5 , 2 3 ,2 8 , S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e IC , S a r re 1 22 , 1 3 1 , 1 79 , 2 05 , 2 17 , 2 45 , 2 52 , 2 7 1 , 2 84 , S ibe r t swo ld 1 , 9 ,3 6 , 4 1 , 5 3 , 5 5 , 7 3 , 8 0 , 8 9 , 9 6 , 1 07 , 14 , 16 , 1 20 , 1 45 , 1 65 , 1 66 , 1 67 , 1 69 , 1 73 , 1 74 , B a rf r i s ton 7 , 1 4 , 1 8 ,2 9 , 3 7 ,4 0 , 4 1 , S tow t ing 8 .

T ype c . B e l t s a nd K n ive s

T ab le 16 : C la s sV c1 a nd c 2 a s semb lage s . D e scr ip t ion S ub t ype 1

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4

2

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7

. 8 . 9

N oi n s amp le

%

B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le s +K n if e B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le s +K n if e +F i t t ing s , f r agmen t s , o b jec t s B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le s +2K n ive s B uck le + 1L a rge K n if e +2K n ive s +I r on O b jec t s

9 1 3 4 7 1

1 4 .1 5 . 3 1 . 1 0 . 2

T o ta l V c1 B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le s +K n if e +P in B uck le + K n if e +P in +I r on R od 2B uck le s +K n if e +C oppe rA l loy P i n B uck le +K n if e +P in +L ead D i sc +Me ta l O b jec t s B e l tF i t t ing s +K n if e +S i lve rF i nge rR ing B e l t +K n if e +F i nge rR ing + 2I r on R ing s +C oppe rA l loy W i r e B uck le +K n if e +S t rap -end +F i nge rR ing + 2I r on R ing s+ Tweeze r s B uck le + K n if e +P i n +C oppe rA l loy R ing + 2I r on R ing s +2R oman C o in s +C oppe rA l loy F ragmen t s B uck le + K n if e +P i n +S i lve rF i nge rR ing +N a i ls

1 3 3

2 0 .6

3 1 1 1 1 1

0 . 5 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2

1

0 . 2

1

0 . 2

1

0 . 2

T o ta lV c2

1

1 . 7

V al .2 : G i l ton 9 ,B eke sbou rne I 9 ,M i l l H i l l I1 3 , B uck land 7 4 , 8 4 , 11 , 1 63 , 2 14 , 2 28 .2 , R i se ley 7 7 , 1 00 , K ing s ton D own 5 , 1 2 , 2 9 , 4 7 , 6 4 , 7 3 , 8 1 , 8 3 , 8 7 , 9 0 , 9 7 , 1 00 , 18 , 1 35 , 1 38 , 1 49 , 1 54 , 1 55 , 1 59 , 1 6 0 , 1 68 , 1 70 , 1 75 , 2 02 , 2 03 , 2 04 , 2 07 , 2 36 , 2 51 , L ym inge I 3 7 , F ing le sham G 3 , H 1 , O rp ing ton 7 3 , B if ron s 7 8 , 9 0 , R am sga te I 1 ,O zenge l l 4 4 , 4 6 , 4 9 , 6 2 , R oche s te r I2 9 , S ane 4 2 , 9 9 , 2 35 , 2 9 1 , S i be r t swo ld 8 ,2 0 ,4 4 , 6 3 , S t ow t ing 1 ,W ingham 1 .V al .3 : B uck land 4 31 , P o lh i l l 1 , F o lke s tone I I 1 6 ,

2 03

C hap te r 1 5

K ing s ton D own 1 53 , S ibe r t swo ld 7 2 . V al .4 : G i l ton 1 06 , K ing s ton D own 3 2 , 4 1B , 5 1 , 5 4 , 5 , 17 , 1 41 ,2 16 ,2 17 , S iber t swo ld 1 5 . C la s s V a2 .1 : C ha r tham D own 1 7 , D a ren th P a rk 1 , B uck land 1 36 , 4 16 , 4 34 , F ing le sham AA2 , H o lbo rough 1 5 . V a2 .2 : E cc le s K 12 , C ha r tham D owns 4 , B uck land 2 60 , H o lbo rough 6 . V a2 .3 : B uck land 1 50 . V a2 .4 : B uck land 1 42 , 3 18 , Ma rga te I3 .V a2 .5 : B uck land 1 47 . V a2 .6 : B uck land 4 4 . V a2 .7 : B uck land 1 38 . V a2 .8 : B uck land 3 51 .1 . V a2 .9 : S ibe r t swo ld 2 4 . V a2 .10 : K ing s ton D own 1 85 . V a2 .11 : B uck land 2 98 , S ibe r t swo ld 1 63 . V a2 .12 : K ing s ton D own 2 62 . V a2 .13 : B eke sbou rne I 1 3 , O rp ing ton 2 . V a2 .14 : S ane 2 48 . V a2 .15 : K ing s ton D own 7 2 . C la s sV a3 .1 : E cc le s K 42 , C ha r tham D own 3 4 , B uck land 5 4 , 9 5 , P o lh i l l 6 4B , 1 04 , Monk ton I1 0 , S ane 9 5 , 1 69 , 1 99 , 2 65 , S ibe r t swo ld 1 58 . V a3 .2 : B uck land 8 2 , F o lke s tone I I 3 , S a r re 5 8 . V a3 .3 : B uck land 8 1 . V a3 .4 : K ing s ton D own 1 3 . V a3 .5 : S ane 1 87 . V a3 .6 : B uck land 5 8 . Va3 .7 : P o lh i l l 6 6 . V a3 .8 : P o lh i l l4 3B . C la s s V a4 .1 : F o lke s tone I I 2 2 , B if ron s 2 6 , 6 0 . V a4 .2 : K ing s ton D own 4 5 . V a4 .3 : B uck land 4 44 . V a4 .4 : G i l ton 7 5 , K ing s ton D own 8 4 . V a4 .5 : B uck land 1 62 . V a4 .6 : G i l ton 7 9 . C la s s V a5 .1 : B uck land 2 86 , O zenge l l 5 9 . V a5 .2 : B a rham D own s B4 . V a5 .3 : P o lh i l l 6 8A , L ym inge I5 0 . V a5 .4 : K ing s ton D own 2 0 . V a5 .5 : P o lh i l l 9 0 . V a5 .6 : B uck land 1 21 . V a5 .7 : K ing s ton D own 3 02 . V a5 .8 : P o lh i l l 7 5A , S i be r t swo ld 5 7 . V a5 .9 : E cc le s L 0 1 , S i ber t swo ld 2 . V a5 .10 : O z eng e l l 4 8 . V a5 .11 : R i se ley 4 7 , 6 8 . V a5 .12 : S ane 2 59 . V a5 .13 : B uck land 1 20 , P o lh i l l 3 0 . V a5 .14 : R i se ley 7 8 . V a5 .15 : L ym inge I 2 8 . V a5 .16 : O rp ing ton 8 0 . V a5 .17 : K ing s ton D own 2 4 , 2 5 , S ane 8 3 . V a5 .18 : S ane 2 26 . C la s s V b1 .1 : E cc le s L 44A , B a rham D own s A 1 ,B reach D own s B , 5 9 , 7 , B ekesbou rne I6 , 3 6 , B eke sbour ne I 1 8 , C ha r tham D own s 2 5 , 4 1 , B uck land D , 3 6 , 2 31 , 2 52 , 2 87 , 3 11 , 3 19 , 3 24 , 3 25 , 3 33 , 35 , 3 44 , 3 45 , 3 68 , 3 94 , 4 26 ,4 35 , P o lh i l l4 2B , 9 5B , 1 03A , R i se ley 2 6 , 2 9 , 6 3 7 9 , K ing s ton D own 7 4 , 1 5 1 , L enham I 1 ,L ym inge I 9 ,1 5 , 1 7 , 2 3 , O rp ing ton 4 7 , 6 3 , 6 4 , B if rons 4 7 , O zenge l l 5 6 , 7 3 , S ane 1 6 , 2 5 , 2 32 , S ibe r t swo ld 3 5 , 6 2 , 6 5 , 1 42 , B a rf r is ton 2 0 , S i t t ingbou rne I2 , S t ow t ing 2 ,2 5 . V b1 .2 : B uck land 2 15 , F o lke s tone I I 3 1 , K ing s ton D own 2 2 1 , S a r re 2 39 , 2 88 . Vb1 .3 : S ane 1 86 . V b1 .4 : B if ron s5 2 . C la s s Vb2 .1 : B uck land 2 61 . V b2 .2 : H o lbo rough 1 8A . Vb2 .3 : L ym inge I 6 2 . V b2 .4 : S an e4 9 . C la s s Vb3 .1 : B if ron s 8 7 , S ane 1 27 . V b3 .2 : W ingham I6 . V b3 .3 : M i l l H i l l I1 04 . Vb3 .4 : L ym inge I 3 6 . Vb3 .5 : B eke sbou rne I 3 7 . V b3 .6 : S ane 1 30 . V b3 .7 : S an e2 76 . V b3 .8 : C ha r tham D own s 1 0 . C la s s V c1 .1 : G i l ton 1 6 , 9 0 , 1 00 , E cc le s K 19 , L 65 , B r each D own s 1 7 , 1 8 , 3 6 , 7 5 , B eke sbou rne I3 7 , B eke sbou rne I 8 ,2 1 , 2 3 , 2 5 , B i rch ing ton I1 ,B rad s tow S choo l I ,C ha r tham D own s 1 ,1 5 , 4 3 ,4 7 , M i l l H i l l I9 ,7 5 , 8 8 , D ove r I2 ,B uck land 3 4 , 5 2 , 8 5 , 1 08 , 1 46 , 2 09 , 3 40 , 3 50 .1 , 3 95 , 4 06 , P o lh i l l 8 ,2 3 , 2 6 , 5 2a , 6 2 , 7 7 , 7 9 , 8 9 , 9 9B , 1 03B , 1 06 , R i se ley 9 4 , 1 03 , K ing s ton D own 3 7 , 6 3 , 7 5 , 7 7 , 1 0 1 , 1 72 , 2 45 , 2 49 ,2 58 ,2 86 , 3 00 , L ym inge I 2 9 , 5 1 , Monk ton I7 ,O rp ing ton 2 0 , 6 1 , B if ron s 1 0 , 1 , 3 0 , 8 0 , O z enge l l 3 8 , S ane 6 2 ,2 14 , S iber t swo ld 5 ,2 1 ,2 2 , 2 3 , 3 8 ,4 3 , 7 0 ,7 9 , 9 0 , 1 04 , 1 2 1 , 1 43 , 1 44 , 1 46 , 1 68 , B a rf r i s ton 5 d , 1 7 , 3 2 , 4 6 , S tow t ing 5 A , 1 0 . V c1 .2 : B eke sbou rne I3 1 , B eke sbou rne I 1 7 , C ha r tham D own s 1 , B uck land 1 03 , 4 36 , 4 42 , 4 43 , P o lh i l l 2 8 , R i se ley 6 2 , 1 02 , K ing s ton D own 1 , 2 2 , 4 0 , 9 3 , 1 3 1 , 1 34 , 1 45 , 1 57 , 1 82 , 1 90 , 2 44 , L ym inge I 3 2 , F ing le sham H 2 , B if ron s 4 0 , 9 1 , O zenge l l 7 , 5 1 , 5 7 , 6 7 , 8 0 , S ane 5 9 , S iber t swo ld 5 1 , B a rf r i s ton 2 2 , 3 5 . V c1 .3 : G i l ton 2 6 , 6 4 , 9 1 , K ing s ton D own 1 93 , M ins t e r I V 1 ,O zenge l l 5 8 , S iber t swo ld 9 5 . V c1 .4 : K ing s ton D own 9 8 . C la s s V c2 .1 : C har tham D own s 2 6 , B uck land 1 58 , O zenge l l 1 4 . V c2 .2 : M i l l H i l l I1 00 . V c2 .3 : O zenge l l7 9 . V c2 .4 : O zenge l l2 8 . V c2 .5 : B uck land 2 7 1 . V c2 .6 : O rp ing ton 1 9 . V c2 .7 : O rp ing ton 2 9 . V c2 .8 : B uck land 4 27 .1 . V c2 .9 : K ing s ton D own 1 7 1 . C la s s V c3 .1 : B uck land 1 59 , O z enge l l 3 1 . V c3 .2 : B eke sbour ne I 1 . V c3 .3 : B uck land 3 14 . 1 . V c3 .4 : B uck land 13 . V c3 .5 : O rp ing ton 3 5 . V c3 .6 : B eke sbou rne I3 2 . V c3 .7 : B uck land 2 89 . V c3 .8 : O zenge l l8 . V c3 .9 : O zenge l l 6 8 . V c3 .10 : B uck land 3 48 . V c3 .11 : H o lbo rough 1 . V c3 .12 : B rad s tow S choo lL . C la s sV c4 .1 : G i l ton 8 6 , M i l l H i l l I3 8 , H a r r ie t sham I I 1 ,L ym ing e I5 2 . V c4 .2 : K ing s ton D own 2 85 . V c4 .3 : B rad s tow S choo l S . V c4 .4 : M i l l H i l l I5 9 , F o lke s tone I I 2 5 . V c4 .5 : O zenge l l 3 9 . V c4 .6 : B uck land 1 45 . V c4 .7 : P o lh i l l 1 08A . V c4 .8 : B uck land 3 98 . V c4 .9 : B uck land 1 48 . V c4 .10 : B uck land 1 44 . V c4 .11 : B uck land 2 1 . V c4 .12 : E cc le s K 07 . V c4 .13 : B if ron s 4 . V c4 .14 : O rp ing ton 4 5 , B if ron s 8 6 . V c4 .15 : M i l l H i l l I5 7 . V c4 .16 : E cc le s L 56 . V c4 .17 : L ym inge I 3 0 . V c4 .18 : B uck land 3 81 . V c4 .19 : O zenge l l 3 7 . V c4 .20 : L ym inge I 1 2 . V c4 .21 : B uck land 2 05 . V c4 .22 : F o lke s tone I I 2 . V c4 .23 : L ym inge I 3 .

2 04

C hap ter 1 5

T ype c . B e l t s a nd K n ive s

T ab le 17 : C la s sV c3 a nd c 4 a s semb la e s . S ub D e scr ip t ion t ype 3

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 . 1 1 . 1 2

4

. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 . 1 1 . 1 2 . 1 3 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 1 6 . 1 7 . 1 8

B uck le +K n if e +K ey /La tch l if t e r B e l t +Sma l l B uck le +K n if e +I r on H ook B uck le + K n if e +K ey /G ird le -hange r +I r on R od B e l t +K n if e +S hoe la ce T ag +K ey s +C omb B uck le +2K n ive s +K ey + S p ind le -who r l B e l t +K n if e +K ey + S hea r s +S p ind le -who r l +C ha in B uck le + K n if e +C ha te la ine + F i re s tee l +I r on R ing + S he l l +Me ta lF i t t ing s B uck le + 2K n ive s +K ey + Tweeze r s + Whe t s tone + I r on O b jec t s B uck le + K n if e +C ha t e la ine + I n sc r ibed C ha lk P i ece B uck le +K n if e +K ey /G i rd le -hange r +B ox B uck le + K n if e +K ey s +I r on S poon + N eed le + B ox + C oppe rA l loy L oop B uck le +K n if e +2K ey s /G i rd le -hange r s + 8S cea t ta s T o ta lV c3 B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le +K n if e +I r on R ing B uck le + K n if e +C oppe rA l loy R ing B e l t +K n if e +I r on R ing +H ook B uck le +K n if e +Tweeze r s B uck le + K n if e +S hea r s B uck le +K n if e +A dz e B uck le +K n if e +H one +C oppe rA l loy O b jec t 2B uck le s +K n if e +F i re s tee l B uck le +K n if e +S ha rpen ing S t ee l B e l t F i t t ing s /Buck le s +K n if e +S hoe la ce T ag + S ha rpene r +C omb B uck le +K n if e +S p ind le -who r l +C ha in B uck le + K n if e +O pen -wo rk D i sc + B one R ing + 2 I r on R ing s +S hea r s +S p ind le -who r l +S ha rpen ing S t ee l B uck le +K n if e +Aw l +S hea r s B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le +K n if e +P u r se B e l t +K n if e +P u r se +I r on R od B uck le +K n if e +P u r se +2C o in s B e l t /Buck le +K n if e +P u r se +F l in t B e l t F i t t ing s /Buck le s + 2 K n ive s + Wooden V e s se l +Me ta l F i t t ing sa nd O b jec t s 2B uck le s +K n if e +T ouch s tone +Wooden V e s se l B e l t /Buck le +K n if e +2F l in t s B uck le +K n if e +R oman C o in +C oppe rA l loy O b jec t B e l t +K n if e +C oppe rA l loy R ing +2R oman C o ins B uck le + K n if e +R oman I n tag l io + R oman C o in +T ube T o ta l V c4

N o i n s amp le

%

2 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2

1

0 . 2

1 1 1

0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2

1 1 3 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

1

0 . 2 2 0 . 6 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2

1 1

0 . 2 0 . 2

1 2 1 1 1 1

0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2

1 1 1 1 1 2 8

0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 2 4 . 3

T o ta lV c

1 85

2 8 .7

T o ta lB e l t /Kn if ea s semb lage s

6 45

1 00

. 1 9 . 2 0 . 2 1 . 2 2 . 2 3

i i .6 .V I . O ther a s semb lage s . i i .6a .D ef in i t ion . T he r e w e r e 1 0 1 a s semb lag e s o f g r ave g ood s i nt h e s amp le t h a t d i d n o t f i t i n to a ny o f t h e a bove a s semb lage c l a s se s . T he se a r e g r ouped t o g e the r a sa s semb lage c l a s s V I . T hey a r e s ub -d iv ided i n to t h r ee b road c a tego r ie s . C la s sV Ia i n c lude sa s semb lag e st h a tc on ta ined o n ly m e ta lf i t t ing s( f o re xamp le , n a i l s o rs t ap le s ) , f r agmen t s o rs h e rd s o fm e ta l , p o t te ry o rg l a s s , r emnan t s o fo rgan ic m a te r ia l ( s uch a s f r agmen t s o fl e a the r ) , o r u n iden t if i ed o b jec t s . B u r ia l s w he r e t h e p r e sence o f an ow c o r roded m e ta l o b jec tw a s s ugge s ted b ys t a in ing o ft h eb one sw e r e a l so i n c luded i nt h i s a s semb lage c l a s s . T he r e w e r e 6 1 a s semb lag e si nt h es amp le o ft y pe V ia . A s semb lag e t y pe V Ib c on s i s t ed o f t h o se a s semb lage s t h a t p r ima r i ly c on ta in ed k ey s , l a t ch l if t e r s , g i rd l e -hange r s , o ro t he r g i rd le a c ce s so r ie s . T he r e w e re o n ly 1 8 s u ch a s semb lag e s i nt h e s amp le . T he

2 05

C hap te r 1 5

r ema in ing a s semb lage s o fc l a s s V I , o fw h ich t h e re w e re 2 2 , c on ta ined ar ange o fo b jec t s . Many o f t h e se o b jec t t y pe s ( s uch a s i r on a nd c oppe r a loy r i ng s , o rR oman c o in s ) w e re f ound f r equen t ly i nt h e o t he r a s semb lage c l a s se s . C lea r ly , h oweve r , i tw a s v e ry u nu sua l f o r t h em t o b e d epo s i ted a s g rave g ood so nt h e i ro wn .

T ype a . F i t t ing s a nd F ragmen t s T o ta lV Ia b . G ird le A cce s sor ie s

T o ta lV Ib c . O ther I t ems

S ub t ype 1

2 3 4

T ab le 18 : C la s sV Ia s semb lage s . D e scr ip t ion Me ta l F i t t ing s , F r agmen t s , O b jec t s P o t te ry o rG la s s F ragmen t s O rgan ic D epo s i t so rO b jec t s _C omb ina t ion o fA bove

P i ece s ,

S ta in ing

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6 7 8 9 1 0 1

K ey / s K ey / s + Me ta l F ragmen t s /Po t S he rd s K ey +C oppe rA l loy R ing K ey + S hea r s K ey + C oppe r A l loy L oop + Y e l low Me ta l R ing + I r on R ing 2L a tch l if t e r s 4L a tch l if t e r s G i rd le -hange r G i rd le -hange r +P o tS he rd G i rd le -hange r +C ha in C ha te la ine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8

I r on R ing s C oppe rA l loy R ing R ing + B r id le -b i t R oman C o in 2R oman C o ins 2S cea t ta s N eed le +C o in C o ins +R ing + C oppe rA l loy O b jec t s C oppe rA l loy R ing +2R oman C o in s R oman ' C la sp ' C omb C omb +I r on O b jec t S ha rpen ing S t ee l S p ind le -who r l +I r on F ragmen t 2D ice T oy? C oppe rA l loy A xe F i red C lay D i sc P ebb le

1 2 3 4 5

T o ta lV e

T o ta lA l lO ther A s semb lage s

N oi n s amp le

%

5 2

5 1 .5

5 2 2

5 2 2

6 1 5 3 2 1 1

6 0 .4 5 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 8 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2

1 7 .8 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 .8

1 01

1 00

i .6b . L i s to fg raves o fa s semb lage c l a s s V I . C la s s V Ial : E cc le s L 06 , L 49 , L 52 , B rea ch D own s 2 2 , 3 0 , 3 7A , 3 8 , 4 4 , 7 3 , B ekesboume I2 ,2 3 , 4 5 , B i shop sboume I9 ,B uck land 1 9 , 7 9 , 2 08 , 2 78 , 3 62 , 4 24 , 4 27 .2 , G reenw ich P a rk 1 ,R i se ley 2 7 , 4 3 , K ing s ton D own 1 0 , 1 7 , 3 0 , 9 5 , 1 33a , 1 43 , 1 44 , 1 50 , 2 06 , 2 09 , 2 10 , 2 12 , 2 14 , 2 24 , 2 27 , 2 31 , L ym inge I5 9 , B if ron s 1 4 , R am sga te I 1 ,O z enge l l 5 4 , 5 , R oche s te r I3 5 , S a r re 9 8 , 1 39 , 2 54 , 2 73A , 2 87 , S i ber t swo ld 4 7 , H o lbo rough 1 8B . C la s sV Ia2 : G i l ton 3 3 ,B reach D own s7 6 , S a r re 1 34A , 2 73B , H o lbo rough 2 3 . C la s sV Ia3 : G reenw ich P a rk 7 ,8 . C la s sV Ia4 : K ing s ton D own 2 63 , Wye IA 3 .

2 06

C hap te r 1 5

C la s s C las s C las s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C las s C la s s C la s s C la s s

V Ibl : B reach D own s3 7B , B uck land 3 7 , 1 22 , S ane 14 , 1 83 . V Ib2 : O z enge l l2 1 , S ane 2 03 ,2 06 . V Ib3 : S ane 1 21 , 1 82 . V Ib4 : S ane 2 12 . V Ib5 : B uck land 1 64 . V Ib6 : P o lh i l l 1 3 . V Ib7 : S an e2 81 . V Ib8 : B uck land 16 . V Ib9 : O zenge l l9 . V Ib10 : S iber t swo ld 1 52 . V Ibll : P o lh i l l 3 9 .

C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C las s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s

V Icl : C ha tham L ine sX I , S tow t ing 3 1 . V Ic2 : P o lh i l l4 2A ,K ing s ton D own 2 34 . V Ic3 : S a r r e2 8 . V Ic4 : K ing s ton D own 2 1 . V Ic5 : K ing s ton D own 1 02 . V Ic6 : O ld P a rk 1 . V Ic7 : E cc le s N4 . V Ic8 : B reach D own sA . V Ic9 : R ise ley 7 4 . V Ic10 : O rp ing ton 6 7 . V Ic11 : O zenge l l2 30 . V Ic12 : E cc le sN i . V Ic13 : P o lh i l l 5 6 . V Ic14 : O zenge l l4 3 . V Ic15 : G i l ton 1 . V Ic16 : S ane 1 7b . V Ic17 : S ibe r t swo ld 1 56 , 1 70 , 1 75 . V Ic18 : B uck land 1 .

i i .7 .V I I . N og rave g ood s . i i .7a . D ef in i t ion . At o ta l o f9 14 b u r ia l s i nt h e s amp le c on ta ined n o s u rv iv ing g rave g ood s , o r h ad n o r e co rd o fg r ave g ood s b e ing f ound i nt h em . T h is r e p re sen t s 3 1 .2% o ft h e s amp le o f2 934 a s semb lage s ( i nc lud ing ' n o g r ave g ood s ' a s at ype o fa s semb lage ) . T h i s f i gu re s hou ld b e r e ga rded a s am ax imum , s i nce i ti sl i ke ly t h a t a n u nknown p ropo r t ion o ft h e se g rave s d i d o r ig ina l ly c on ta in s ome g rave g ood s . S ome w i l l n o t h ave s u rv ived t ob e r e cogn i sed b y e xcava to r s , s ome w i l l h ave b een r emoved b y d i s tu rbance , a nd s ome w i l lh ave b een e xcava ted b u tn o tr e co rded . i i .7b . L i s to fg rave so fa s semb lage c l a ss V I I . C la s s V I I : G i l ton 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 7 , 7 4 , 7 8 , 8 5 , 9 6 , 9 9b , 1 03 , E cc le s 1 0 1 , 1 0 2A , I O 2B , 1 0 3 , 1 04 , 1 0 5 , 1 0 6 , I 0 7A , I 07B , 1 08 , 1 09 , 10 , 12 , 1 3 , 14 , 1 5 , 16 , 1 7A , 17B , 17C , 18 , 19 , 1 20 , 1 22 , 1 2 3 , I 2 4A , 1 2 4B , I 26A , I 26B , 1 28 , 1 29 , 1 30 , J 0 1 , J 02 , J 03 , J 04 , J 05 , J 06 , J 07 , J 09 , J O9A , J 10A , J 10B , J 1 1 , J 13 , J 14 , J 15 , J 17 , J 18 , J 19 , J 20 , J 21 , J 22 , J 23 , J 24 , J 25 , J 26 , J 27 , J 28 , J 29 , J 31 , J 33 , J 34 , J 35 , J 36 , J 37 , J 38 , J 39A , J 39B , J 39C , J 40 , J 4 1 , J 42 , J 44 , J 45 , J 46 , J 47 , J 48 , J 50 , J 53 , K 01 , K 02 , K 03 , K 04 , K 05 , K 06 , K 08 , K 09 , K 10 , K 11 , K 13 , K 15 , K 16 , K l6A , K 17 , K 18 , K 20 , K 21 , K 22 , K 23 , K 24 , K 25 , K 26 , K 27 , K 28 , K 29 , K 30 , K 31 , K 32A , K 32B , K 33 , K 34 , K 35 , K 38 , K 39 , K 40 , K 4 1 , L O2b , L 04 , L 05 , L 07 , L 08 , L 09 , L 10 , L 11 , L 12 , L 13 , L 14 , L 15 , L 16 , L 17 , L 18 , L 19 , L 20 , L 21 , L 22 , L 23 , L 24 , L 26 , L 27 , L 28 , L 29 , L 30 , L 30A , L 31 , L 32 , L 33 , L 34 , L 35 , L 36 , L 37 , L 38 , L 39 , L 40 , L 41 , L 42 , L 43 , L 44 , L 46 , L 47 , L 48 , L 50 , L 51 , L 55 , L 57 , L 58 , L 59 , L 60 , L 6 1 , L 62 , L 64 , L 66A , L 66B , L 67 , L 68 , L 69 , L 70 , MI , M3 , M4 , M5 , N 2 , N 3 , N 5 , N6 , N 7 , 0 1 , B a rham D own s A2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 , 1 0 , 1 , B a rham D own s B1 ,2 , B r each D own s3 b , 3 c ,4 A , 9 ,1 0 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 ,2 0 ,2 1 ,2 4 ,2 5 , 2 6 , 2 7 , 2 8 ,4 5 ,4 6 , 4 9 , 5 2A , 5 2B , 5 4 , 5 , 5 6 , 6 0 , 6 1 , 6 2 , 6 3 , 6 4 , 6 5 , 6 6 , 7 1 , 7 4 , 8 2 , 8 3 , 8 5 , B a rham V 1 ,2 ,3 ,B eke sbou rne I1 ,4 ,5 ,7 A , 7 B , 7 C , 8 , 1 0 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 4 , 1 5 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 8 , 1 9 ,2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 3 , 3 4 , 3 5 , 4 1A , 4 4A , B eke sbou rne I 4 ,7 ,1 5 , 2 6 , 2 9 , 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 4 , 3 6 , 4 0 , B i rch ing ton I2 ,3 ,B i shop sbou rne I4 ,6 ,7 b , 8 ,B rabourne I 2 ,3 ,B rad s tow S choo l T , V a , V b ,C ha r tham D own s F ,3 ,5 ,6 ,1 2 , 1 3 , 1 9 , 2 1 ,2 2 ,2 3 , 2 4 , 2 7 , 2 8 , 3 0 , 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 , 3 5 , 3 6 , 3 7 , 3 8 , 4 0 ,

2 07

C hap te r 1 5

4 9 , 5 0A , 5 0B , 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3A , 5 3B , D a ren th P a rk 6 a , 6 b , 1 2 , M i l l H i l l I8 ,1 2 , 1 9 , 2 3 , 4 5 , 5 8 , 7 2 , 7 7 , 8 4 , 8 5b , 9 6 , 1 01 , 1 03 , 1 05A , D ove r I3 ,B uck land E ,2 ,7 ,2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 3 1 , 4 5 , 4 7 , 5 1 , 6 8 , 6 9 , 7 0 , 7 2 , 7 3 , 8 6 , 8 8 , 8 9 , 9 9 , 1 02 , 12 , 18 , 1 5 1 , 1 52 , 1 53 , 1 54 , 1 65 , 2 0 1 , 2 02 , 2 03 , 2 10 , 2 11 , 2 12 , 2 13 , 2 16 , 2 24 .2 , 2 25 , 2 26 ,2 27 , 2 29 , 2 35 , 2 36 , 2 38 .1 , 2 41 , 2 42 , 2 43 , 2 44 , 2 46 , 2 49 .1 , 2 49 .2 , 2 58 , 2 65 .1 , 2 67 , 2 68 , 2 70 , 2 73 , 2 74 , 2 75 , 2 76 , 2 77 , 2 79 , 2 80 , 2 82 .2 , 2 83 , 2 84 , 2 91 , 3 03 .2 , 3 04 , 3 05 , 3 09 , 3 10 , 3 12 , 3 13 , 3 14 .2 , 3 15 , 3 16 , 3 17 , 3 20 , 3 22 , 3 28 , 3 29 , 32 , 3 41 , 3 42 , 3 52 , 3 56 , 3 57 , 3 59 , 3 61 , 3 64 , 3 65 , 3 69 , 3 70 , 3 78 , 3 80 , 3 82 , 3 85 ,3 86 .1 ,3 90 , 3 93 .2 , 3 96 , 4 0 1 ,4 02 , 4 03 , 4 10 , 4 29 ,4 30 , P o lh i l l 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,1 0 , 1 4 ,2 4 , 3 , 3 4 , 3 5 , 3 6 ,4 3A ,4 6 ,4 7 , 4 8 ,4 9 , 5 0 , 5 2b , 5 4 , 5 9 , 6 0a , 6 3A , 6 3B , 6 7 , 7 0 , 7 6 , 8 0 , 8 1B , 8 2A , 8 3b , 8 6B , 8 7 , 9 2 , 9 6 , 9 9A , 9 9C , 1 00 , 1 0 1 , 1 05 , 1 07 , 1 09 , E a s t ry I V 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,F a rn ingham I1 ,F o lke s tone I I 1 ,8 , 9 ,2 0 ,2 6 , 3 4 , 3 5 ,3 6 , 3 8 , 3 9 ,4 0 , G reenw ich P a rk 4 ,5 ,H o r ton K i rby I1 ,2 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,R i se ley 1 ,2 ,3 , 4 ,6 ,8 ,9 ,1 5 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 8 ,2 4 , 2 8 , 3 , 3 4 , 3 5 , 3 7 ,4 2A , 4 2B , 5 0 , 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 , 5 8 , 7 2 , 8 5 , 9 0 , 9 2 , 9 8 , 9 9 , 14 , 15 , K ing s ton D own 1 ,1 4 , 1 5b , 1 6B , 2 3 , 2 7 , 3 6 , 4 2 , 4 3 , 4 8 , 5 7 , 6 2 , 6 6 , 6 8 , 7 8 , 7 9 , 8 0 , 8 2 , 8 5 , 8 6 , 8 8 , 1 07 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 1 22 , 1 26 , 1 28 , 1 33b , 1 47 , 1 48 , 1 52A , 1 52B , 1 58 , 1 74 , 1 88 , 1 89 , 1 9 1 , 1 94 , 1 96 , 1 99 ,2 01 ,2 15 , 2 20 , 2 25 ,2 26 , 2 29 , 2 30 , 2 37 , 2 38 , 2 43 , 2 47A , 2 47B , 2 54 , 2 56 , 2 61 , 2 66 , 2 70 , 2 71 , 2 72 , 2 74 , 2 75 , 2 76 , 2 77 , 2 79 , 2 80A , 2 80B , 2 82 , 2 83 , 2 88 , 2 89 , 2 90 , 2 91 , 2 92 , 2 94 , 2 96 , 3 06 , 3 08 , 3 10 , L eed s 2 ,L ym inge I 2 ,8 ,1 , 1 4 , 1 8 , 1 9 , 2 0 , 2 1 , 2 6 , 3 4 , 3 8 , 4 0 , 4 3 , 4 5 , 4 7 , 4 9 , 5 3 , 5 4 , 5 6 , 5 7 , 5 8 , 6 4 , Ma rga te I2 ,4 ,6 ,9 ,1 0 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 5 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 8 , 1 9 , 2 0 , 2 4 , Me r sham IC , M in s te r I I 1 ,7 ,8 ,M in s te r I V 2 ,M in s te r V I 1 , Monk ton I2 ,4 ,6 ,9 ,1 , 1 7 , 2 0 , 2 8 , 2 9 , 3 0 , 3B , 3 4 , N ew ing ton I3 ,F ing le sham AA I , AA3 , B i , D 1 , D 2 , D 5 , E 2b , E 3 , F l , G 7 , H 3B , H 4 , O rp ing ton 6 ,2 3 , 2 4 , 3 1 , 3 3 ,4 3 ,4 8 ,4 9 , 5 3 , 5 4 , 5 , 5 6 , 5 7 , 6 2 , 6 6 , B if ron s2 ,3 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,1 3 , 1 8 , 1 9 , 2 0 , 4 3B , 4 9 , 5 0 , 5 3 , 5 4 , 5 , 5 6 , 5 9 , 6 4A , 8 1 , 8 2 , 8 3 , R am sga te I I 3 ,4 ,O zenge l l D b , I V , V , V I , V I I , 3 ,4 ,1 2 , 1 3A , 1 3B , 1 6B , 1 8 , 1 9B , 2 0 , 3 0 , 3 4b , 3 6 , 5 0 , 5 2 , 7 6 , 7 7 , 7 8 , 8 1 , 8 2 , 8 3 , 8 7 , R oche s te r I 1 ,3 ,4 , 1 0 , 1 4 , 2 0 , 2 1 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 3 2 , 3 3 , 3 4 , 3 6 , 3 7 , S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e ID , S a r r e 1 ,2 ,5 ,7 ,2 1 , 3 1 , 3 7 , 4 0B , 4 3 , 6 6 , 8 2 , 9 3 , 1 00 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 1 33 , 1 34B , 1 36 , 1 37 , 1 52 , 1 75 , 1 78 , 1 88b , 2 01 , 2 10b , 2 28 , 2 34 , 2 46 , 2 47 , 2 49 , 2 51 , 2 55 , 2 57 , 2 58 , 2 66 , 2 67A ,2 67B , 2 69 , 2 70 , 2 72 ,2 79a , 2 79b , 2 79c , 2 82 , S i be r t swo ld 3 ,6 ,1 2 , 1 9 , 2 5 , 4 0 , 4 6 , 5 0 , 6 1 , 6 6 , 6 8 , 7 7 , 7 8 , 8 4 , 8 5 , 1 30 , 1 34 , 1 35 , 1 36 , 1 37 , 1 39 , 1 4 1 , 1 47 , 1 48 , 1 49 , 1 54 , 1 55 , 1 60 , 1 6 1 , 1 62 , 1 7 1 , 1 79 , 1 81 ,B a rf r i s ton 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 a , 5 b , S c , 8 ,1 5 , 1 9 ,2 1 ,2 4 , 3 1 , 3 6 , H o lbo rough 1 ,5 ,9 ,1 0 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 9 ,2 0 ,2 1 , 2 2 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 2 7 , 2 8 ,2 9 , 3 0 , 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 , 3 4 , 3 5 , 3 6 , 3 7 , 3 8 , 3 9 , S tov v t ing 3 ,6 ,7 ,1 3 , 1 7 , 1 8 , 2 9 ,3 0 , S t rood I2 ,W ingham I3 a , Wye D own sA1 ,2 ,4 ,6 ,8 . i v .S ummary . T he p e rcen tage w h ich e ach a s semb lage c l a s s f o rm s , b o th o ft h e t o ta l s amp le , a nd o ft h e s amp le w i th g r ave g ood s , i ss umma r i sed b e low . I . Weapons

1 7 .9 %

2 6%

I . B rooche s /Pendan t s /Brac tea te s

9 . 3%

1 3 .5 %

I I . B ead s /Dre s sA cce s sor ie s

1 .2 %

1 6 .3 %

I V .V e s se l sa nd C on ta iner s

5%

7 . 3%

V . B e l t s /Kn ive s

2 2%

3 2%

V I .O ther G rave Goods

3 . 4%

5%

V I I . N oG rave Goods

3 1 .2 %

T he se c l a s se s c on s i s t o f ag r ea t d i ve r s i ty o fd i f f e ren t c omb ina t ion s o f a r tef ac t s . I ft h e a s semb lages l i s ted i nt h i sc hap te rw e re t ob ef u r the rs ub -d iv ided a c co rd ing t ot h e d i f f e ren tt ype s o fp a r t icu la ro b jec t s f ound i n t h em ( f o r e xamp le b y s pea rhead s hape , o r b rooch t y pe ) i ti sp robab le t h a t h a rd ly a ny a s semb lage o fg rave g ood s w ou ld b e a l ike . H oweve r , t h e c once rn i nt h is w o rk i st o i d en t if y b road p a t te rn s o fd epo s i t ion a nd t ot r y t oe s tab l i sh w ha t p a r t t h ey p l ayed i nt h e mor tua ry r i te s o f 5t h t o 8t h c en tu ry K en t . S ome o ft h e se p a t te rn s , a nd t h e p r ac t ice s f r om w h ich t h ey d e r ived , may s pan s pa t ia l a nd c h rono log ica l z one s w i th in t h i s r eg ion a nd t imef rame ( o r b e d ef ined b y s uch z ones ) . S uch p a t te rn ing w ou ld b e d i ff icu l t t o d e tec t g i ven f u r the r s ub -d iv i s ion o f a s semb lages b y s pec if ic a r tef a c t t y pe . A r tef ac t t ypes v a r ied t h rough t ime a nd s pace , a s f a sh ion s , c r af t smen , a nd m anuf ac tu r ing t e chn ique s c hanged ( f o r e xamp le , b uck le s w i th t r iangu la r p l a te s w e re l a rge ly r e s t r ic ted t oe a s t K en t i sh g r ave s o f t h e l a te 6t h t oe a r ly 7t h c en tu r ie s ) . B u t g ene ra l d epo s i t iona l p ra c t ice s ( s uch a s ' b u r ia l w i th b e l t ') m ay

2 08

C hap t e r 1 5

h av ec on t inued . T he r e la t ion sh ip o ft h et y pe s o fa s semb lage so fg r ave g ood s l i s ted i nt h i s c hap t e r , a nd t h e d epo s i t iona l p r ac t ice s t h a tt h ey r e p r e sen t , w i th t h e o t he r c l a s se s o fd a ta r e cove r ed f r om t h e b u r ia l s i nt h es amp le , i st h e s ub jec to ft h ef o l low ing c hap te r .

2 09

C hap te r 1 6

Chap ter 1 6 : G rave s ,a s semb lage sa nd s oc ia ls t a tu s . i .I n troduc t ion . I nt h i s c hap te r , t h e d a ta o n g rave s , d emog raphy a nd g rave g ood s c ove red b yt h e p rev iou s c hap t e r s w i l l b ec ompa red , i na n a t temp tt oe s tab l i sh l i nk s b e tween g ende r , a ge , g rave g ood s , a nd g rave c ons t ruc t ion a nd f i t t ing s . G rave g ood sa l one c anno ts imp ly b et a ken a s ad i r ec t i n d ica to r o fs oc ia l s t a tu s . H oweve r , i ti sh oped t h a tb y c ompa r ing a l l o ft h e m a jo rv a r iab le s o ft h e b u r ia l r i t e , ac l ea re r u nde r s tand ing o ft h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu re o ft h e p opu la t ion b u r ied i nt h e K en t ish c eme te r ie s d u r ing t h e 5t h t o 8t h c en tu r ie s ( o r a t l e a s tt h ep o s s ib ly i d ea l i sed s oc ia l s t ruc tu re p r e sen ted i nt h e mor tua ry r i t e ) c an b e a ch ieved . i .A na ly s i s o fg rave s , s t ruc ture sa nd a s semb lage s . i .1 .A s semb lage s , d emog raphy a nd g rave s . I nt h i s s e c t ion , t h e d i f f e ren t c l a s se s a nd t y pe s o fg r ave g ood a s semb lage s a r e c ompa red w i th d a ta o n d emog raphy a nd g rave c on s t ruc t ion a nd c on ten t s . T ab le s 19 120 a nd 1 22 126 s how t h e p r opor t ion s o fe ach a s semb lage t ype t h a t a r e a s soc ia ted w i th o t he r m a jo r v a r iab le s . D a ta ( u sua l ly t h e p e r cen tage o ccu r rence ) o n e ach v a r iab le i nt h e o ve ra l l s amp le i ss hown a tt h e t op o fe ach o ft h e se t a b le s , f o l lowed b y t h e p e rcen tage o ccu r rence i n e ach p a r t icu la r a s semb lage t y pe . T he d i f f e ren t h ead ing s u sed i n T ab le s 19 -120 a nd 1 22 -6 a r e e xp la ined b e low : P e rcen tage o f s exed i n d iv idua l s s exed a s m a le o r p robab ly ma le , C /9 (% ) c ompa red t op e rcen tage s exed a sf ema le o rp robab ly f ema le . A du l t /Sub -Adu l t (% ) P e rcen tage o f a ged i n d iv idua l s a ged a s a du l t , c ompa red t o p e rcen tage s exed a ss ub -adu l t . E x tended S up ine (% ) P e rcen tage o f t h o se w i th r e co rded b u r ia l p o s i t ion r e co rded a s e x tended s up ine ( s haded w he re l e s st h an o ve ra l l f i gu re o f8 2 .7% ) . C rema t ions (% ) P e rcen tage r e co rded a sc r ema t ion s , o rp robab ly c r ema t ion s . Mu l t ip le B ur ia l s ( / 0 ) P e rcen tage b u r ied i nm u l t ip le g r aves . D i s turbed B ur ia l s (% ) P e rcen tage b u r ied i nd i s tu rbed g r ave s . Mean A x i s ( ° ) Mean o r ien ta t ion i nd eg ree s f r om N or th ( s haded w he r e d i f f e rence f r om o ve ra l lm ean o f1 03° i sg r ea te rt h an 1 0 ' ) . % W i th B arrow s P e rcen tage i no ru nde r ab a r row mound . % Wi th S truc ture s P e r cen tage w i th i n terna l , i n teg ra l o re x terna l g rave s t ruc tu re s( o the r t h an u p s tand ing b a r row m ound ) . % Wi th C off ins P e rcen tage w i th e v idence o fc off in . T op I% d imen s ions P e rcen tage o fb u r ia l s i ng rave s w i th d imen s ions i n l a rg e s t 1% o f g r ave d imens ion s . Mean % S ta ture v .G rave L . Mean o f s t a tu re a s ap ropo r t ion o f g rave l e ng th , e xp r e s sed a s a p e rcen tage ( s haded w he re l e s st h an t h eo ve ra l l a ve rage o f7 9% ) . % An ima lR ema ins P e rcen tage c on ta in ing a n ima lr ema in s . % O ther D epo s i t s P e rcen tage c on ta in ing o the rd epo s i t s . T he a s semb lage t ype s s hown i nT ab le 19 a r e s umma r i sed b e low , a l ong w i th t h e t o ta l o fe a ch t y pe i n t h es amp le : I c 2 . S wo rd s /Spea r s( 19 ) . l al . S pea r so n ly ( 29 ) . I c 3 . S wo rd s /Sh ie ld s( 8 ) . I a2 . S pea r s /Kn ive s ( 89 ) . I c 4 . S wo rd s /Sh ie ld s /Spea r s ( 59 ) . I a3 . S pea r s /Be l t s ( 17 ) . I c 5 . S wo rd s /O the r Weapons ( 6 ) . I a4 . S pea r s /Be l t s /Kn ive s( 100 ) . I d! . S eaxe s , n o o t he rw eapon s( 5 ) . I a5 . S pea r s /O the rI t em s( 17 ) . I d2 . S eaxe s /Spea r s( 14 ) . I bl . S h ie ld s ,n oo t he rw eapon s ( 1 8 ) . I d3 . S eaxe s /Sh ie ld s /Spea r s ( 5 ) . I b2 . S h ie ld s /Spea r so n ly ( 17 ) . I d4 . S eaxe s /Spea r s /A r row s ( 1 ) . I b3 . S h ie ld s /Spea r s /Kn ive s( 3 1) . I e l . A xe s , n o o t he rw eapon s ( 3 ) . I b4 . S h ie ld s /Spea r s /Be l t s ( 5 ) . I e 2 . A x e s /O t h e r W e a p o n s ( 1 ) . I b5 . S h ie ld s /Spea r s /Be l t s /Kn ive s ( 4 3 ) . I f ! . A r row s , n oo t he rw eapon s( 1 2 ) . I b6 . S h ie ld s /Spea r s /O the rI t em s( 5 ) . I f 2 . A r row s /O the r Weapon s ( 2 ) . I b7 . S h ie ld s /A r row s ( 1 ) . I g . Weapon su n spec if ied ( 2 ) . I d . Swo rd s , n oo the rw eapons ( 16 ) .

2 10

C hap t e r 1 6

0 /a ' a l I a 2 I a 3 I a 4 I a 5 l a I b1 I b 2 I b 3 I b 4 I b 5 I b 6 I b 7 I b I c l I c 2 I c 3 I c 4 I c 5 l e I d l I d 2 I d 3 I d 4 I d I d1 1 e 2 l e I f l I f 2 I f I g I

5 1 /49 8 6 / 14 9 5 /5 I 0 0 / 9 4 /6 1 00 / 9 4 /6 8 6 / 14 1 00 / I 0 0 / 10 0 / 1 00 / 1 00 / 9 7 /3 1 00 / 8 0 /20 1 00 / 1 0 0 / 7 5 /25 9 5 /5 1 00 / 1 00 / 1 00 / 1 00 / 1 00 / 1 00 / 1 0 0 / -

6 8 /32 8 9 / 11 7 8 /22 7 5 /25 8 7 / 13 7 5 /25 8 3 / 17 7 5 /25 1 0 0 / 9 3 /7 5 0 /50 9 4 /6 1 0 0 / 1 00 / -

8 9 / 11 1 00 / 1 0 0 / I 0 0 / 9 6 /4 1 00 / 9 8 /2 7 5 /25 1 00 / 1 00 / 9 3 /7 1 00 / 1 00 / 2 5 /75 / 100 1 00 / 2 2 /78 6 / 14 9 5 /5 _ 8

8 2 .7 1 1 00 9 0 .5 1 00 8 8 .6 1 00 9 0 .2 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 . 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 8 4 .2 1 6 .7 1 00 8 9 .7 0 . 9 1 00 8 8 .9 1 00 9 2 .9 1 00 1 00 1 00 . 1 00 9 2 .2 _ 0 . 2

7 . 9 1 7 .2 9 4 6 . 7 1 .1 6 . 5 2 0 2 . 3 . 5 1 5 .8 5 . 1 1 6 .7 6 . 5 2 0 1 4 .3 1 2 6 . 3

1 3 .4 3 1 7 . 9 1 7 .6 9 1 7 .6 1 2 .3 3 8 .9 2 3 .5 9 . 7 2 0 1 4 2 5 1 9 .2 3 1 .3 2 1 .1 3 7 .5 6 . 8 1 4 .8 4 0 1 4 .3 1 6 3 3 .3 2 5 _

1 03 6 3 1 02 1 0 3 16 1 03 12 1 0 5 8 4 9 5 9 8 9 7 9 4 1 07 1 2 3 1 60 1 02 1 26 14 6 8 8 2 -

2 5 .6 2 0 .7 2 9 .2 4 7 .1 2 6 1 .8 2 7 1 6 .7 3 5 .3 3 2 .3 2 0 2 5 .6 1 00 2 6 .7 6 . 3 1 5 .8 1 7 1 3 2 0 7 . 1 -

7 8 1 07 1 0 1 1 04 19 8 4 10 1 4 .3 _ 1 0 1

8 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 2 3 .6

5 . 5 1 0 .3 4 . 5 1 .8 6 6 1 .1 1 .8 9 . 7 2 0 7 9 . 2 6 . 3 1 2 .5 8 . 5 6 . 5 2 0 4 1 00 2 5 8 . 3 7 . 1 6 . 9

1 8 .4 1 3 .8 2 2 .5 2 3 .5 2 1 2 9 .4 2 1 .4 2 2 .2 1 7 .6 4 2 4 0 4 6 .5 3 5 6 . 3 2 6 .3 2 2 1 6 .7 1 8 .5 1 4 .3 1 00 1 2 4 1 .7 5 0 4 2 .9 . 2 3 .8

1 1 . 1 0 . 4 1 .1 2 0 2 . 3 3 . 3 5 . 3 0 . 9 . 7 . 1 4 . 1 . 3

E .E " E ' 1 4

% O ther D epo s i t s

Mean % S ta ture v . G rave L .

T op 1% d imen s ion s

% Wi th C off ins

% W i th S truc ture s

° AW i th B arrow s

. t z

( 0)

i n

Mean A x is

t r . • " a

D i s turbed B ur ia l s( % )

( % )

C rema t ion s

(% )

E x tended S up ine (% )

6 /9

A du l t /Sub A du l t( % )

A s semb lage C las s

T ab le 19 : C ompar i son o fb ur ia lv ar iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s s I ( Weapon s ) .

7 9 7 9 8 0 .7 .

1 . 6 3 . 4 5 . 9 _ -

1 . 2 1 . 1 2 -

8 0 -

2 3 . 2 -

1 . 2 1 .1 3 . 2 2 . 3 -

6 0 7 3 6 0 6 8 6 5 .3 7 2 8 2 .5 .

0 . 8 3 . 4 1 . 9 7 . 1 .

3 . 3 3 . 4 1 . 9 -

7 9 7 6 .7

4 8 . 3 -

-

7 . 1 1 . 9

1 . 7

A s semb lage c l a s s I( weapon b u r ia l s ) c an b e c on s ide r ed a sh av ing b een e xc lu s ive ly r e s t r ic ted t om a le s ( t he 5 % o f i n d iv idua l s i nt h i s c l a s s s e xed a sf ema le b e ing a c coun t ed f o r b y t h e m a rg in o fe r ro r f o r s e x ing o f s ke le ta l m a t e r ia l , d i s tu rbance o f g r ave s a nd m ix ing o f g r ave g ood s , a nd i n accu ra c ie s o f r e co rd ing ) . Weapon b u r ia l s i ng ene ra l w e r e a l so s i gn if i can t ly b i a sed t owa rd s a du l t s ( a pp rox ima t e ly 8 6% o fa ged i n d iv idua l s w i th w eapon s b e ing r e co rded a sa du l t , c ompa r ed t oo n ly 6 8% i nt h e o ve ra l l s amp le ) . I no n ly t h ree t y pe so fw eapon a s semb lag e d i dt h e p r opor t ion o fs ub -adu l t s e xceed t h a t i nt h e o ve ra l ls amp le . O ne o fo n ly t wo a ged i n d iv idua l sw i th a s semb lage t y pe 1 b4 ( s h ie ld a nd s p ea rw i th b e l t f i t t ing s ,o fw h ich t h e re w e r eo n ly 5c a se s )w a sa ni n f an to f1 2 y ea r s o fa g e( Oz eng e l l 8 5 ) . A nd a mong a s semb lage s o ft y pe I f( bu r ia l s w i th a r row s , o ra r row s w i th s p ea r s ) , s ub -adu l t s c omp r i sed 7 8% o fa ged i n d iv idua ls . Weapon b u r ia l sw e r e a l so c ha ra c t e r i sed b y al ow i n c idence o f' n on s tanda rd ' ( t ha t i s ,e x t ended s up ine ) b u r ia l p o s i t ion s , w i th n o a s semb lag e t y pe s h av ing a n f r equency o ft h e e x t ended s up ine p o s i t ion b e low 8 4 .2% o fr e co rded p o s i t ion s( t he f r equency f o rt h eo ve ra l ls amp le w a s 8 2 .7% ) . I n g ene ra l t h e f r equency o f i n te rmen t i n m u l t ip le g r ave s w a s s l igh t ly l e s s f o r t h o se b u r ied w i th w eapon s t h an f o r t h e o v e ra l l s amp le . I n c on t ra s t , t h e f r equency o f w eapon g r ave s h av ing b een d i s t u rbed w a s s l igh t ly h i ghe rt h an f o r t h e s amp le a s aw ho le . I n p a r t icu la r , t h e m o s t b a s ic w eapon a s semb lage t y pe s ,t h o se t h a tc on ta ined o n ly o ne w eapon t y pe ( t ype s I a l , l b 1,I d, I d l a nd I e l) s howed ah i gh p ropor t ion o fd i s tu rbed b u r ia l s ( r ang ing f r om a bou t 3 1% o fg r ave s c on ta in ing o n ly s p ea r s o r s wo rd s , b u t n o o t he r w eapon t y pe s , u p t o4 0% o fg r ave s t h a t c on ta ined as e ax b u t n o o t he r w eapon t y pe s ) . T h is s ugg e s t st h a tt h et r ue f r equency o ft h e se w eapon c omb ina t ion s w a s s i gn if i can t ly l e s st h an

2 11

C hap te r 1 6

t h e i r o ccu r rence i nt h is s amp le ; m any o ft h em p robab ly o r ig ina l ly i n c luded o t he r w eapon t y pes , s i nce r emoved o rd e s t royed b yd i s tu rbance . T he m ean o r ien ta t ion o fg r ave s c on ta in ing w eapon s v a r ied b e tw een 6 3° f o r b u r ia ls c on ta in ing as pea r o rs pea r s o n ly ( a s semb lage t y pe l al )t o 1 60 ° f o r b u r ia l s i n c lud ing ac omb ina t ion o fs wo rd a nd s h ie ld ( t ype I c 3 ) . H oweve r , t h e m ean o r ien ta t ion o ft h e 5 25 w eapon a s semb lage s i nt h e s amp le w a s v e ry c l o se t o t h a t f o r t h e o ve ra l l s amp le ( 10 1° t o 1 03° ) , a nd n o s i gn if i can t p a t te rn o f v a r iance f r om t h e g ene ra lp a t te rn o fg rave o r ien ta t ion sw a s o b served . T he f r equency o fw eapon g rave s h av ing e v idence o f ab a r row m ound ( e i the r a s ap r ima ry o rs e conda ry i n te rmen t ) w a s s l igh t ly l e s s t h an t h e f i gu re f o r t h e o ve ra l l s amp le ( 2 3 .6% c ompa red t o 2 5 .6 % ) , b u t a mong b u r ia l s i n c lud ing s wo rd s o r s e axe s t h e f r equency w a s s i gn if i can t ly l owe r ( on ly 1 3% o fs wo rd b u r ia l s h ad e v idence o f ab a r row , a nd o n ly 8% o fs e ax b u r ia ls ) . I nc on t ra s t , a mong b u r ia l s w i th s pea r , s h ie ld a nd a r row c omb ina t ion s , t h e f r equency o fb a r row s w a s g r ea te r t h an a ve rage . Ac h rono log ica l b i a s c ou ld b e c on s ide red t ob e a tw o rk i nt h e c a se o fs wo rd b u r ia l s , t h e m a jo r i ty o f wh ich d a t ed t ot h e Oh,o r f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 7t h,c en tu r ie s , r a the r t h an l a te r ( s ee c hap te r 1 4 a nd b e low ) , w he r ea s b a r row s b ecame mo re c ommon f r om c .6 50 o nwa rd s . H oweve r , t h is d oe sn o th o ld t r ue f o r b u r ia l s w i th s eaxe s , t h e m a jo r i ty o fw h ich d a ted t ot h e 7t h c en tu ry . O ft h e b u r ia l s c on ta in ing as wo rd a nd /o r s e ax d a ted t o t h e 7t h c en tu ry o r l a te r , 1 8 h ad n o e v idence o f ab a r row h av ing b een p re sen t , c ompa red t o 1 4t h a t d i d h ave ab a r row . I nc on t ra s t , a mong b u r ia ls c on ta in ing s pea r s a nd /o rs h ie ld s o fc ompa rab le d a te , 9 5 w e r e u nde r ab a r row , c ompa r ed t oo n ly 4 2 t h a tw e re n o t . O n t h e e v idence a va i lab le , i ts eem st h a t an ega t ive c o r re la t ion m ay h ave e x i s ted b e tween b u r ia l s c on ta in ing s wo rd s o rs e axes , a nd t h e p rov i s ion o fb a r row m ound s . G rave s t ruc tu re s o t he r t h an b a r row mound s w e re s l igh t ly mo re f r equen t a mong w eapon b u r ia l s , w i th t h e e xcep t ion o ft ho se w i th s e ax c omb ina t ion s , a nd as im i la rp i c tu re w a s a ppa ren t w i th c off in s , 2 3 .8% o fa l l w eapon b u r ia l s c on ta in ing s ome e v idence o f ac off in . H oweve r , b o th s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu r e s a nd c off in s w e re mo re f r equen t a mong s h ie ld b u r ia ls t h an a mong s t s wo rd b u r ia l s . S ince b a r row s , g rave s t ruc tu re sa nd c off in s a l lr e p re sen te x t ra r e sou rce s a nd e ne rgy e xpended , t h is r e p re sen t s ac on t ra s t w i th t h e v i ew o ft h e s wo rd a st h e i n d ica to r o fh ighe s t s t a tu s a mong A ng lo -Saxon m a les ( s ee , f o r e xamp le , E v i son 1 987 , 1 47 ) . F u r the rmo re , ah ighe r p e rcen tage o fg rave s c on ta in ing s h ie lds ( 3 .3 % c ompa red t o 0 . 9% )h ad e xcep t iona l d imen s ion s ( l eng th , w id th o rb r ead th a mong t h e h ighe s t 1 % i nt h e s amp le ) t h an w a st h e c a se a mong s wo rd b u r ia ls . H oweve r , o ve r 6 2% o fs wo rd g r aves i nt h e s amp le a l so c on ta ined as h ie ld , a nd i nt e rm s o fq ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty o fo b jec t s d epo s i ted , s wo rd g rave s w ere g ene ra l ly b e t te r p rov i s ioned t h an a ny o t he r m a le b u r ia l s . G rave s c on ta in ing s wo rd s a l so t e nded t o b e p ropo r t iona te ly l a rge r c ompa red t o t h e s t a tu re o f t h e i n d iv idua l i n te r red t h an d i d t h ose c on ta in ing s h ie ld s b u t n o s wo rd s . T he a ve rage p ropor t ion o fs t a tu re t og r ave l e ng th w a s o n ly 6 5 .3 % a mong t ho se w i th s wo rd s , c ompa red t o8 0% a mong t h o se w i th s h ie ld s . T h i s f a c to r w a s s hown i nc hap te r 1 3 t op rov ide ab e t te r c o r re la t ion b e tween e f f or t e xpended o n t h e g rave a nd w ea l th o fg r ave g ood s t h an d id o t he r v a r iab le s . H oweve r , t h e r e la t ion sh ip b e tween g rave g ood s a nd t h e o t he r e xp re s s ion s o fe f f or t o r e xpend i tu re t h a t c ou ld b em ade w a sc l ea r ly n o t as imp le o ne . T he se i s sue s w i l lb ed i scu s sed f u r the rb e low . Weapon b u r ia l s e xh ib i ted as l igh t ly a bove a ve rage p ropor t ion o f a n ima l r ema ins a nd o t he r d epo s i t s t h an w a s t h e c a se a mong t h e o ve ra l l s amp le , b u t t h e n umbe r s o fs uch d epo s i t ion s w e r e t o o s ma l l f o r s i gn if ican tp a t ter n st ob er e cogn i sed . T he d i f f e ren t a s semb lage t ype s t h a t m ake u p t h e 2 72 e xamp le s o f a s semb lage c l a s s I ( bu r ia l s c on ta in ing b rooche s a nd /o r p endan t s /b rac tea te s ) a r e s umma r ised b e low , a nd t h e ir o ccu r r ence w i th o t he rv a r iab le so ft h e mo r tua ry r i t e i ss hown i nT ab le 1 20 . I al . I a2 . I a3 . I a4 . I 1 a5 . 1 a6 . Hbl . 1b2 . Ib3 . 1b4 .

Ib5 . I 1 b6 . l I cl . 1 c2 . I 1 c3 . 1 c4 . I c5 . H dl . Id2 . Id3 .

1B rooch o n ly ( 8 ) . 1B rooch /Bead s( 37 ) . 1B rooch /D re s sA cce s so r ie s( 3 ) . 1B rooch /Bead s /D re s sA c 's ( 30 ) . 1B rooch /Pendan ta / o B rac tea te ( 22 ) . 1B rooch /O the rI t ems ( 17 ) . 2B rooche so n ly ( 7 ) . 2B rooche s /Bead s( 17 ) . 2B rooche s /D re s sA cce s so r ie s( 3 ) . 2B rooche s /B ead s /D re s sA c 's ( 8 ) .

2 12

2B rooche s /Pendan t o rB ra c t ea te ( 3 ) . 2B rooche s /O the r I t em s( 1 0 ) . 3B rooche s /Bead s ( 6 ) . 3B rooche s /D r e ss A cce s so r ie s ( 1 ) . 3B rooche s /Bead s /D re s sA c 's ( 6 ) . 3B rooche s /B rac tea te ( 2 ) . 3B rooche s /O the rI t em s ( 1 ) . 4 5 B rooche s /Bead s ( 8 ) . 5B rooche s /D r e ss A cce s so r ie s ( 1 ) . 4 -6 B rooche s /Beads /D re s sA c 's ( 12 ) .

C hap te r 1 6

I d4 . I d5 . l i e! . l e2 .

4 5 B rooche s /Pendan t s /B ra c t ea t e s( 6 ) . 4B rooche s /O the rI t em s( 3 ) . P endan to n ly ( 1 ) . P endan ta / oB ra c t ea t e /Bead s( 2 7 ) .

I e3 . I e4 . I e5 .

P endan t /D r e s s A cce s so r ie s( 2 ) . P endan t /Bead s /D r e s sA c 's ( 2 9 ) . P endan t /O the rI t em s( 2 ) .

I nc on t ra s t t ow eapon b u r ia l s , a nd a sw ou ld b e e xpec ted , b rooch /pendan t a s semb lage s s e em t oh ave b een a lmo s t , i fn o t c omp le t e ly , a s soc ia ted w i th f ema le s ( 9 2% o fs e xed i n d iv idua l s b e ing r e co rded a s f ema le o rp robab ly f ema le ) . T he se a s semb lage s w e r e l e s s s t rong ly a s soc ia ted w i th a du l t s t h an w e r e t h o se o fc l a s s 1 ,b u t o ve ra l l s u b -adu l t s w e r e s t i l l u nd e r r ep re sen t ed ( 7 8% o fa ged i n d iv idua l s w i th a c l a s s Ia s semb lage b e ing r e co rded a s a du l t ) . H ow eve r , t h e r e w e re a n umbe r o f a s semb lag e t y pe s w he r e t h e f r equency o fs ub -adu l t s w a s s i gn if ican t ly h i ghe r . Among t h o se w i th as i ng le b r ooch a nd d r e s sa c ce s so r ie s( bu tn ob ead s ) ,w i th 2b r ooche sa nd b ead s ,w i th m o s tc omb ina t ion s o ft h r ee b r ooche s , a nd t h o se w i th p endan t s a nd b ead s a nd p endan t s , b ead s a nd o t he r d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s , t h e f r equ ency o f s u b -adu l t sa mong a ged i n d iv idua l sr a nged f r om b e tw een 3 8 100% .

1 8 .4 2 1 .6 2 6 .7 1 3 .6 -

1 2 . 7 9 . 1 _

4 . 3 1 4 .3 1 2 .5 4 . 2 1 6 .7 .

1 6 .2 5 . 9 3 3 .3 4 . 2 1 6 .7 6 . 3 1 2 .5 2 5 1 6 .7 1 6 .7 1 00 4 0 .7 1 00 2 7 .6 3 6 .1 1 8

2 . 6 1 . 1

6 . 3 8 . 3 3 . 3 1 .1 1 0 .3 . 9 . 8 5 . 5

% O ther D epo s i t s

5 . 5 5 . 4 6 . 7 5 . 9

° A An ima l R ema ins

T op 1% d imens ion s

2 5 .6 1 6 .7 1 8 .2 1 .8 9 . 4 1 2 .5 3 3 .3 4 . 2 1 6 .7 6 . 3 1 2 .5 8 . 3 6 . 7 1 00 4 8 .1 1 00 3 7 .9 5 0 4 5 .9 1 6 .2

Mean % S ta ture v . G rave L .

% Wi th C of f ins

5 0 9 . 8 1 3 .6

1 0 7 8 5 1 2 7 9 4 9 2 13 1 05 1 09

% Wi th S truc ture s

3 . 7 1 0 .3 6 . 6 8 . 8

1 6 .7 3 3 .3 6 6 .7 2 3 .3

% Wi th B arrow s

Mean A x i s

-

8 2 .7 1 00 8 1 .8 1 00 1 00 7 5

( 0)

D i s turbed B ur ia ls (% )

1 03 2 72 9 3 1 30 17 17 1 3 2 15 1 0 3 1 0 8 18 1 24 I l l 12 10 1 0 4 1 06 1 24 1 07 7 9 _

6 6 .7 7 5 7 2 .7 8 0

1 3 .4 5 0 1 3 .5 1 0 9 . 1 2 3 .5 1 5 .4 1 4 .3 2 3 .5 1 0 .4 3 .3 1 6 .7 1 00 2 5 1 2 .5 1 6 .7 1 6 .7 1 3 .3 1 8 .5 .

6 8 /32 1 00 / 8 1 / 19 5 0 /50 8 2 / 18 7 /23 7 5 /25 8 0 /20 8 6 / 14 5 8 /42 1 00 / 8 0 /20 1 00 / 1 00 / 8 1 / 19 I 0 0 / 4 100 6 0 /40 / 100 4 100 6 2 /38 1 00 / 8 3 / 17 1 00 / 1 00 / 9 5 /5 1 00 / 6 2 /38 1 00 / 7 5 /25 5 0 /50 7 1 /29 7 8 /22

(% )

7 . 9 1 2 .5 8 . 1 6 . 7 4 . 5 5 . 9 6 . 8 3 .3 9 . 1 4 . 2 1 6 .7 1 00 5 0 1 8 .8 1 2 .5 .

5 1 /49 /1 0 0 7 / 93 / I0 0 1 3 /87 2 0 /80 4 0 /60 1 4 /86 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 1 /89 3 / 97 /I 0 0 2 5 /75 1 3 /87 / 100 4 100 / 100 /1 0 0 / 100 /1 0 0 / I0 0 1 /89 6 / 94 8 / 92

C rema t ion s

Mu l t ip le b ur ia ls (% )

1 d3 I 1 d4 1 d5 I d I l e l I e2 I e3 I e4 I 1 e5 H e I

8 8 .5 1 00 5 0 0 1 00 1 00 7 2 .2 1 00 0 5 0 1 00 6 0 1 00 8 4 .6

1 -

(% )

E x tended S up ine (% )

0 /a H a l I a2 I a 3 I a4 I a5 I 1 a6 H a I l b l I b2 I b3 I b4 I 1 b5 I 1 b6 Ib I l c l I c2 I c3 I c4 I c5 I l c I l d1 1 d2

d i9

A du l t /Sub Adu l t (% )

A s semb lage C las s

T ab le 1 20 : C ompar i son o fb ur ia lv ar iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sI B rooche s /Pendan t s,

7 9 7 1 .5 7 2 7 0 7 1 .3 7 5 7 5 -

1 . 6 4 . 5 5 . 9

1 . 2 3 . 3 -

1 . 7 -

0 . 9 5 . 9 4 . 2 1 6 .7 -

6 3 .5 .

1 2 .5 -

6 . 3

3 . 3 3 . 4 5 0 3 . 3

3 . 4 1 . 6

1 . 8

1 . 5

6 3 .5 7 0 .3

-

T he r e w e r e a l so ah i gh p ropo r t ion o fu nu sua l b u r ia l p o s tu r e s ( n on -ex t ended s up ine ) a mong t h o se w i th c l a s s Ia s semb lage s ; 2 0% c ompa r ed t o 1 7 .3% f o r t h e o ve ra l l s amp le . F u r the rmo re , t h e r e w a s s ome c o r re la t ion b e tween a h i gh f r equency o f s ub -adu l t s , a nd n on s tanda rd b u r ia l p o s tu r e ( s ome th ing i d en t if i ed i nc hap t e r 1 2 ) . S e t so f 3b r ooche s( a s semb lage t y pe l i e )a nd g r ave sw i th p endan t s o n ly ( I le ) , t h e a s semb lag e t y pe s w i th t h e h i ghe s t p r opo r t ion o f s ub -adu l t s i n c l a s s I , a l so h ad t h e h i ghe s t p r opo r t ion o f n on s tanda rd b u r ia l p o s t u r e s ( n o i n f o rma t ion o n b u r ia l p o s tu r e w a s a va i lab le f o r i n d iv idua l s a s soc ia t ed w i th a s semb lag e t y pe s I a 3 , 1 c2 , I c4 , I c5 a nd I e5 , a l a s semb lag e t y pe s w i th h i gh p ropo r t ion s o fs ub -adu l t s ) . H owev e r , t h i s w a s n o t s imp ly t h e r e su l t o f ah i gh n umbe r o fs ub a du l t s r e su l t ing i n ah i gh p r opo r t ion o fn on s tanda rd b u r ia l p o s tu r e s , s i nce i ns e ve ra l c a se s i tw a s t h e

2 13

C hap t e r 1 6

a du l t s t h a t w e r e p l aced i n a n u nu sua l p o s tu r e . Among t h o se b u r ied w i th 2 b rooche s a nd b ead s ( a s semb lag e I b2 ) , o f 4i n d iv idua l s b u r ied i n af l exed p o s tu r e , 1w a s a n a du l t , 2w e re s ub -adu l t s , a nd 1 w a sn o ta g ed . T he r e w a s a l so an o tab le b i a s a mong t h o se w i th t h i s a s semb lage t y pe t owa rd s y ounge r a du l t s ; 5w e r ea g ed b e tw een 1 8 -30 , a nd o n ly 1w a sb e tween 3 0 -35 . Among t h e 6i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th ac omb ina t ion o f 3b r ooche s , b ead s a nd o t he r d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s ( a s semb lage I c3 ) , 3w e re a ged a s a du l t , a nd 2 a s s u b -adu l t . T he r e w a s o n ly o ne r e co rd ed b u r ia l p o s tu r e , a n a du l t i n af l exed s up ine p o s i t ion . Among t h o se b u r ied w i th a s semb lage c l a s s I d 3 ( 4 -6 b r ooche s , b ead s , a nd d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s ) , 3a du l t s w e r e b u r ied i na n e x tended s up ine p o s i t ion , a nd o ne a du l ta nd o ne u n -ag ed i n d iv idua l w e r e b u r ied i n af l exed p o s i t ion , l y ing o n t h e i rr i gh t s i de . H oweve r , t h e a ge p rof i le o ft h i s a s semb lag e g roup w a s b i a sed t owa rd s o l d e r i n d iv idua l s ; t h e r e w e r e t h r ee a du l t s a g ed b e tween 3 0 -50 y ea r s , a nd o n ly 1a ged b e tween 1 8 -30 ( p lu so ne s ub -adu l t ) . A s semb lage c l a s s I e2 c on s i s ted o f 2 7 i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th c omb ina t ion s o f p endan t s a nd /o r b r a c t ea t e s a nd b ead s ( no s ub -adu l t s w e r e b u r ied w i th b r a c tea te s ) . S ome 3 8% o fa g ed i n d iv idua l s w e r e s u b -adu l t s ,a nd 1o u to ft h e 3r e co rded b u r ia lp o s tu r e sw a s f l exed s up ine . H ow eve r , i tw a sa na du l tt h a t w a s b u r ied i nt h i s p o s i t ion . Among t h o se i n t er r ed w i th p endan t s a nd /o r b r a c tea te s , b ead s a nd d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s ( a s semb lage I e4 , o fw h ich t h e r e w e r e 2 9 c a se s ) , 6i n d iv idua l s w e r e b u r ied i na n e x t ended s u p ine p o s i t ion , a nd 2( b o th a du l t s ) w e re i no t he rp o s i t ion s . T hough s ub -adu l t s w e r e u nde rr e p r e sen t ed i nt h i s g r oup , t h e r e w a s ab i a s t owa rd s y oung e r a du l t s ( 6a g ed b e tween 1 8 -30 , c ompa r ed t oo n e a g ed 3 0 -50 ) . T he c omb ined e v idence o fb r ooch o rp endan t c omb ina t ion s , a g e , a nd b u r ia l p o s tu r e i ss umma r i sed i n T ab le 1 2 1 b e low .

T ab le 1 21 : C orre la t ion b e tween c l a ss I a s semb lage s , a ge a nd b ur ia lp o s ture . A s soc ia ted o b jec t s N one

2B rooche s

C orre la t ion w i th :

1B rooch

Y oung A du l t s

X

?

X

X X X

3B rooche s ?

4 6 B rooche s ?

P endan t s B rac tea te s ?

S ub -Adu l t s ?

F l exed P o s tu re

B ead s

Y oung A du l t s S ub -Adu l t s F l exed P o s tu r e

D r e s s A c ce s so r ie s B ead s+ D re s s A cce s so r ie s

S ub -Adu l t s

X X X

F l exed P o s tu re

?

Y oung A du l t s

X

X

?

? ?

?

?

Y oung A du l t s

X

S ub -Adu l t s

X

F l exed P o s tu r e

X X ? ?

X

X

X

X

?

X

N /A N /A N /A

B ra c t ea te s a nd /o r P endan t s

F l exed P o s tu re

O the rI t em s

Y oung A du l t s

?

?

S ub -Adu l t s

X

X

Y oung A du l t s

X

X

S ub -Adu l t s

F l exed P o s tu re

?

?

?

X

?

?

B rooche s o rp endan t s o n t h e i r o wn s e em p r ima r i ly t oh ave b een a s soc ia ted w i th a du l t s a nd e x t ended s u p ine b u r ia l . S e t s o f 1o r 2b rooche s , o rp endan t s , c omb ined w i th b ead s s e em t oc o r r e la te w i th y oung a du l t s , s ub -adu l t s , a nd /o r f l exed b u r ia l p o s tu r e . I nc on t ra s t , s e t s o f3 6 b rooche s w i th b ead s s t rong ly c o r r e la t e w i th o l de r a du l t s , a nd e x tended s up ine p o s tu r e . Among c omb ina t ion s i n c lud ing d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s , b u t n o b ead s , t h e re w a s ag ene ra l c o r re la t ion w i th y oung a nd /o r s ub -adu l t s , a nd t h e o n ly r e co rd ed b u r ia lp o s tu re w a s f l exed ( a l though t h e n umbe ro fa s semb lage s o ft h i st y pe i nt h e s amp le w a s s ma l l ,a nd t h e r ew e r ec on sequen t ly g ap s i nt h ed a ta f o rt h i sg r oup ) . Among t h o se b u r ied w i th b r ooche s a nd /o rp endan t s i nc omb ina t ion w i th b ead s a nd d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s , 1 a nd 2 b rooch c omb ina t ion s s howed a s t rong c o r r e la t ion w i th a du l t s , a nd e x t ended s up ine p o s tu r e . T ho se w i th 4 6 b rooche s w e r e m o r e f r equ en t ly a g ed 3 0 -50 t h an 1 8 -30 y ea r s . H oweve r , 3b r ooch

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c omb ina t ion s c o r r e la ted w i th y oung a du l t s , s ub -adu l t s , a nd f l exed p o s tu r e , a nd t h o se w i th p endan t s c o r r e la ted w i th y oung a du l t sa nd f l exed p o s tu r e . A s semb lages c omb in ing b rooch e s a nd p endan t s /b ra c t ea te s s e em t oh ave b een s t rong ly a s soc ia t ed w i th a du l t s ,w i th t h ee xcep t ion o ft h o se w i th s e t so f 3b r ooch e s . T he i n comp le te n a tu r e o f t h e a va i lab le d a ta s e t m ak e s i td i ff icu l t t o d e te rm ine t h e n a tu re o f t h e m e s sag e s b e ing c onveyed b yt h e d i f f e ren ta s semb lag e s o fc l a s s I ,a nd b yt h e d i f f e ren tb u r ia l p o s tu r e s . C lea r ly t h er e la t ion sh ip b e tween t h e se f a c to r sa nd a g e w a s c omp lex . I ta ppea r s f r om t h e o ve ra l l s amp le t h a t ac o r r e la t ion b e tween s ub -adu l t s a nd n on s tanda rd b u r ia lp o s tu re d i de x i s t . H oweve r , i ta l so s e em s t h a t t h e n a tu re o ft h i s l i nk w a s n o t s imp ly o ne o fc h i ld / juven i le = f l exed b u r ia l p o s tu r e . R a the r , i t a ppea r s f r om t h e p a t te rn a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th c e r ta in c omb ina t ion s o fb rooche s t h a t n on s tanda rd b u r ia lp o s tu re s i gn if i ed s ome th ing t h a ta l so h appened t oa pp ly t oj uven i le s t a tu s ( po s s ib ly v u lne rab i l i ty o rd ependence ) . T h i st h eo ry w i l lb ed i scu s sed f u r the ri ns ub sequen ts e c t ion s . I n t e rmen t i nm u l t ip le g r ave s w a s s l igh t ly m o r e f r equen t a mong s tt h o se w i th c l a s s Ia s semb lag e s t h an a mong s tt h e s amp le a s aw ho le . I tw a s s i gn if ican t ly m o r e f r equen t a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th s e t s o f3 b rooche s ( 18 .8% ) , p e rhap s p a r t ly a s ar e su l t o f t h e c o r re la t ion b e tw een s u ch s e t s a nd s ub -adu l t s . H oweve r , i tw a sp a r t icu la r ly c ommon a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th c omb ina t ion so f4 -6 b rooche s , w i th j u s t u nd e r aq ua r te rb e ing f o und i nm u l t ip le g r ave s . T he r e w e r e 6d e f in i te m u l t ip le b u r ia l s c on ta in ing s u ch b r ooch s e t s , 5o fw h ich w e r e d oub le g r ave s ( M i l l H i l l I2 5 , B uck land 3 51 a nd 3 9 1 , a nd F i ng le sham D 2 / 3 , a nd E 2 ) , a nd o ne o f w h ich w a s at r ip le ( M i l l H i l l I1 05 ) . S t ow t ing g r ave 2 1 , r e co rded a s c on t a in ing 6 i n d iv idua l s , w a s a l so i n c luded i nt h e t o ta l , b u t m ay h ave b een as e r ie s o f i n te r -cu t t ing g r ave s . O ft h e 6d ef in i te m u l t ip le g r av e s w i th a s semb lag e c l a s s l i d , t wo ( M i l l H i l l I2 5 a nd B uck land 3 9 1) c on ta ined aw oman i nh e re a r ly t wen t ie s , w ea r ing as e to f 5b r ooche s , p l u s m any o t he ri t em s( i nc lud ing ac r y s ta l b a l l i nb o th c a se s ) , b u r ied a l ong s ide a n o l de r w oman , a g ed b e tw een 3 5 -45 y ea r s , w ea r ing a s i ng le b i rd b rooch a nd b ead s i nt h e c a se o fM i l l H i l l I2 5 , a nd ap endan t a nd b ead s i nt h e c a se o f B uck land 3 91 . T hu st h e se t wo b u r ia l ss how m any p o in t so fs im i la r i ty . M i l l H i l l I1 05 a nd B uck land 3 5 1 a l so s h a r e s ome s im i la r i t ie s . T he f o rme r c on ta ined am an a g ed 3 5 4 5 ,w i th as pea r , k n if e a nd p i n , aw oman a ged 3 0 -40 w i th as e to f 5b rooche s ( l y ing f l exed o n h e rr i gh t s i de ) , a nd aj uven i le a ged 1 2 14 , w i th n o g r ave g ood s ( a l so f l exed ) . T h i s w ou ld a ppea rt or e p r e sen t a f am i ly g r oup ( t hough i tm ay n o th ave d one ) . B uck land 3 51 c on ta ined am an w i th ak n if e a nd p i n , a nd aw oman a ged 4 0 -45 w i th as e to f 4b rooche s . T h e d oub le b u r ia l s a tF i ng le sham , g r ave s D 2 / 3 a nd E 2 e a ch c on ta ined aw oman w i th b r ooche s ,a nd ac h i ld w i thou tg r ave g ood s . M i l l H i l l I1 05 , B uck land 3 5 1 , a nd F i ng le sham D 2 / 3 a nd E 2 w ou ld a l a ppea r t o r e p r e sen t f am i ly b u r ia l s , e i the rm o the r / ch i ld , h u sband /w if e , o rf a the r /mo the r / ch i ld . T he n a tu re o ft h e r e la t ion sh ip o ft h e a ppa r en t ly w ea l thy y oung w omen i n M i l l H i l l I2 5 a nd B uck land 3 9 1 w i th t h e o l de r w omen a c company ing t h em ( e a ch w ea r ing as i ng le b r ooch o rp endan t , a n u nu sua l c o s tume f o rt h ee a r ly t om id Oh c en tu ry ) i sl e s s c l ea r . I nt h ec a se o ft h e f o rm e r , i th a s b een s ugge s t ed ( Pa r f i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 , 1 0 5 ) t h a t t h e o l de r w oman m ay h ave b een as e rvan t , a nd t h e s ame m ay h ave b een t h e c a se w i th t h e o l de rw oman i nB uck land 3 9 1 . T h e f r equency o fd i s tu rbed g r ave s w a s v i r tua l ly t h e s ame a mong s t g r ave s t h a t c on ta ined a s semb lage s o fc l a s s Ia sf o rt h es amp le a s aw ho le . H a lf o fg r ave sr e co rded a sc on ta in ing as i ng le b r ooch o n ly h ad b een d i s tu rbed , a nd t h e se g r av e s m ay w e l l h ave o r ig ina l ly c on ta ined o t he ro b jec t s . H igh i n c idence s o f d i s tu rbance w e r ea l so a ppa r en ta mong s tg r ave sc on ta in ing s e t so ft h r ee b rooche s . T he m ean o r ien ta t ion o fb r ooch /pendan t b u r ia l s , i nd eg r ee s f r om n o r th , w a s 1 09 ° , av a r iance f r om t h e o ve ra l l s amp le o f6 ° . H ow ev e r , n o s i gn if ican t d ev ia t ion f r om t h e o ve ra l l p a t t e rn o fg r ave a l ignmen t w a sa ppa r en t , a l though g r ave sc on ta in ing j u s t 1b r ooch ( a s semb lag e I a ) d i d s how m o re d ev ia t ion t h an o t h e ra s semb lage t y pe s . T he r ew a s am a rked c on t ra s tb e tween b u r ia l sc on ta in ing b rooche s , a nd t h o se c on ta in ing p endan t s o n ly , i nt h e p r ov is ion o fb a r row s , g r ave s t ruc tu r e s , a nd c off in s . Among t h o se w i th b rooche s , t h e f r equency o fb a r row sr anged f r om o n ly 4 . 2% o ft h o se w i th 2b r ooche s , u pt o9 . 4% o ft h o se w i th as i ng le b r ooch . T he f r equency o fb u r ia l s t ruc t u r e s b e ing a s soc ia t ed w i th b rooch a s semb lag e sr a nged f r om 3 . 3 t o6 . 3% ,

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a nd t h e f r equency o f c off in s f r om 4 . 2 16 .7% . I n c on t ra s t , a mong t ho se i n ter red w i th p endan t a s semb lage s , t h e p ropor t ion w i th b a r row s w a s 4 5 .9% , w i th g r ave s t ruc tu re s 9 . 8% , a nd w i th c off in s 3 6 .1 % . T he r e a son s f o rt h i s d i v i s ion w e re c l ea r ly c h rono log ica l ( s ee b e low ) , p endan t s r e p lac ing s i ng le b rooche s a sf ema le d r e s s a cce s so r ie s f r om t h e m id 7t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , a nd mu l t ip le b rooch s e t s b e ing l a rge ly r e s t r ic ted t ot h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ie s . A s semb lage s c on ta in ing 1b rooch ( I Ia ) w e re a s soc ia ted w i th ah i gh p ropo r t ion o f l a rge g r av es ( 2 .6% w e r eb u r ied i n ag rave i nt h e h i ghe s t 1 % o fg rave d imen s ion s ) . N one o ft h e o the ra s semb lage s o fc l a s s Iw e re r e co rded a sb e ing i nu nu sua l ly l a rge g r ave s , b u t t h i s m ay h ave b een ar e su l t o fl a ck o fd a ta . O ve ra l l , 1 . 1% o f c l a s s Ia s semb lage s w e re i nv e ry l a rge g rave s . G iven t h e se w e re t h e g rave s o f w omen , w ho se a ve rage s t a tu re w a s s i gn if i can t ly l e ss t h an t h a t o f m en , ac or r e la t ion b e tween b rooch /pendan t a s semb lage s a nd l a rge g rave s s e em s a ppa ren t . When t h e s t a tu re o ft h o se w i th s uch a s semb lage s w a s m ea su r ed a s ap ropo r t ion o fg r ave l e ng th , i tw a s f ound t ob e s i gn if ican t ly l e s s t h an t h e a ve rage f o r t h e o ve ra l l s amp le ( 70 .3 % c ompa red t o7 9% ) . T ho se p rov ided w i th b rooche s a nd /o r p endan t sd os e em t oh ave r e ce ived r e la t ive ly l a rge g rave s . T he i n c idence o f a n ima l r ema in s a nd o t he r d epo s i t s i n g rave s c on ta in ing c l a s s I a s semb lage s w a s s l igh t ly h i ghe rt h an f o rt h e s amp le a s aw ho le , b u tn o ts i gn if ican t ly s o . T ab le 1 22 s how st h e c o r r e la t ion o fc l a s s I I a s semb lage s ( c on ta in ing d r e s s a cce s so r ie s b u t n o b rooche s o rp endan t s ) w i th t h e d i f f e r en t r e co rded v a r iab le s . T he a s semb lage t ype s o fc l a s s I I a r e s umma r i sed b e low :

I Ia2 . I Ia3 . 1 1a4 . 1 1a5 . Mc .

I Ie2 .

I Ie3 . I Ie4 . 1 1 11 . 1 1 12 . 1 10 . I If4 . I If5 . I If6 . 1 1 17 .

B ead so n ly ( 66 ) . B ead s /Kn ive s( 6 1) . B ead s /Be l t s ( 8 ) . B ead s /Be l t s /Kn ive s( 2 3 ) . B ead s /O the rI t em s( 26 ) . P in s( 1 5 ) . B race le t s /A rm le t s( 6 ) . F inge rR ing s /Ea r r ing s( 5 ) . B ead s /P in s( 20 ) . B ead s /Co s tume R ing s( 2 3 ) .

B ead s /Brace le t s /A rm le t s ( 9 ) . B ead s /Comb ina t ion D re s sA c 's ( 10 ) . D r e s s A cce s so r ie s /Po t s( 17 ) . D r e s s A cce sso r ie s /G la s sV e s se l s( 2 ) . D r e s s A cce sso r ie s / Me ta lB ow ls ( 1 ) . D r e s s A cce s so r ie s /Boxe s ( 17 ) . D r e s sA cce s so r ie s / Wo rkboxe s( 3 ) . D re s s A cce s so r ie s /Pu r se /Bag ( 9 ) . D r e s s A c 's /Ve s se l C omb ina t ion ( 8 ) .

T h i s g roup o f a s semb lage s d oe s n o t c on s t i tu te s uch a c l ea r ly d i s t inc t g roup a s e i the r w eapon o r b rooch /pendan t b u r ia l s , b e tween w h ich t h e re w a s v e ry l i t t le o ve r lap , a nd w h ich w e r e v i r tua l ly e xc lu s ive t oo ne g ende r . T he m a jo r i ty o fc l a s s I I a s semb lage s w e re a s soc ia ted ma in ly o re xc lu s ive ly w i th f ema le s . H oweve r , s ome t wo a s semb lage t y pe s ( I Ib l , P in o n ly , a nd I Ie3 , B ead s /B race le t s /A rm le t s ) h ad a n e ven n umbe r o f m a le a nd f ema le s exed s ke le ton s , a nd t wo f u r the r t y pe s ( I I If 5 , d r e s s a cce s so r ie s a nd w o rkboxe s , a nd I If 6 , d r e ss a cce s so r ie s a nd p u r se /bag ) h ad a m a jo r i ty o fs ke le ton s s exed a sm a le . T he n umbe ro fc a se s o ft h e se f ou ra s semb lage t ype s w a s s ma l l ( a t o ta l o f o n ly 3 2 a s semb lage s ) , a nd t h e n umbe r o f s exed i n d iv idua l s w a s s ma l le r ( 12 b od ie s ) . A s semb lage t ype I Ib 1,c on s i s t ing o f ap i n o n ly , w a s a s soc ia ted w i th 2b od ie s s exed a sd ef in i te m a le s , a nd 2s exed a sd ef in i te f ema le s . S ince p i n s ( u sua l ly s i ng le i r on p i n s ) w e re s ome t ime s f ound a l ong w i th w eapon s , i ti sc l ea r t h a t t h ey w e re s ome t ime s b u r ied w i th m en . H oweve r , t h e i nd iv idua l r e co rded a s m a le f r om B uck land g rave 1 5 , a ccompan ied b y b ead s , ab race le t , ab e l t a nd k n if e , a nd aR oman c o in ( a s semb lage t ype I Ie3 .6 ) , w a s p robab ly i n co r rec t ly s exed ( Ev i son 1 987 , 1 25 -6 ) , a s w a s t h e p e r son r e co rded a s ' p robab ly m a le ' f r om B uck land g r ave 1 07 . T he l a t te r w a s b u r ied w i th b ead s , k ey s , t weeze r s a nd aw o rkbox ; w i th t h e e xcep t ion o ft weeze r st h e se o b jec tt y pe s a r e s t rong ly g ende r s pec if i c t of ema le s . Among t h e 9i n d iv idua l sb u r ied w i th t y pe I If 6 a s semb lage s ( d r e s s a cce sso r ie sp lu s p u r se o rb ag , 1w a s s exed a s ma le ( Lym inge 2 2 ) , 2a sp robab ly m a le ( Buck land 7 5 a nd 3 50 .2 ) , a nd 2 a s p robab ly f ema le ( Buck land 3 36 a nd B if ron s 3 2 ) . B uck land 7 5 a nd 3 50 .2 b o th c on ta ined b ead s a nd i vo ry b ag r i ng s ( a nd w eav ing e qu ipmen t i n t h e c a se o f t h e f o rme r ) . T hey w e re b o th p robab ly t h e g raves o f f ema le s . L ym inge 2 2 c on ta ined ab e l t , k n if e , p u r se , t weeze r s , a nd as i ng le a mbe r b ead . S ince s i ng le b ead s a r e o cca s iona l ly f ound w i th m a le s , t h i s i n d iv idua l p robab ly w a sm a le .

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5 . 9 1 .1 5 . 3 6 . 7

1 03 1 2 1 1 30 1 02 1 3 5 10 1 3 1 16 1 02

3 5 .5 1 7 .6 5 0 5 8 .9 3 .3 3 7 .5 3 1 .6 2 6 .4

7 9 7 8 8 1 .5 8 4 8 1 .3 8 5 8 5 7 2 7 0 -

4 . 8 5 . 9 5 . 9 1 2 .5

1 .1 -

7 0 .3 _ -

1 . 6 1 .8 -

5 . 3 7 . 9

3 5 .1 2 1 .9

1 . 8 1 . 2

7 8 .4

3 . 5 2 . 1

.

1 . 6 1 . 6 3 . 8 1 . 1 . 2 5 1 6 .7 1 00 2 0 5 -

1 . 2 3 1 . 6 4 . 3 2 . 2 . -

_ 5 . 9 1 2 .5 3 . 5 1 . 8

W i th t h e e xcep t ion o fL ym ing e 2 2 , a nd p e rhap s a r ound h a lf o ft h e 1 i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th ap i n o n ly ,t h er ema inde ro fc l a s sI Ia s semb lag e sc an p r obab ly b e r e ga rded a sb e ing a s soc ia ted w i th f ema le s ( who i na ny c a se c on s t i tu t e8 7% o fs e xed i n d iv idua l s i nt h i sc l a s s ) . I nc on t ra s tt ow eapon a nd b r oo ch /pendan ta s semb lag e s ,h oweve r , c l a s s I a s semb lage sw e r ea s soc ia ted w i th ah i ghe r t h an a ve rag e p r opo r t ion o fs ub -adu l t s ( 3 7% ) . C omb ina t ion s o fb ead s o n ly , b ead s a nd k n iv e s , a nd b ead s a nd b e l t s ( a s semb lag e t y pe s Ma l3 ) , w e r e a l l f o und d i sp ropo r t iona t e ly w i th s ub a du l t s , t h ough c omb ina t ion s o f b ead s , b e l t s a nd k n ive s w e r e s t rong ly a s soc ia ted w i th a du l t s . A s semb lage s c on s i s t ing o f p i n s , b u t n o o t he r d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s ( o r k n ive s o r b e l t s ) a l so s howed a c o r r e la t ion w i th s ub -adu l t s , a s d i d t h o se w i th b r a ce le t s a nd /o r a rm le t s ( I l lc ) . I n c on t ra s t , t h o se c on ta in ing f i nge r r i ng s o r e a r r ing s ( I l ld ) w e r e e xc lu s ive ly a s soc ia t ed w i th a du l t s . H oweve r , t h o se c omb in ing b ead s a nd c o s t ume r i ng s ( I Ie2 ) i n c luded a h i gh p ropo r t ion o f s ub -adu l t s , a s d i d t h o se c omb in ing b ead s a nd b r a ce le t s o ra rm le t s ( I Ie3 ) . S ub -adu l t s w e r e m o r e f r equen t t h an a du l t s a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th ac omb ina t ion o fd r e s sa c ce s so r ie sa nd p o t t e ry o rg l a s sv e s se l s . T he h i gh i n c id ence o f s ub -adu l t s a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th b ead s a nd c o s tume r i ng s ( 3 9% o f a ged i n d iv idua l s ) c on t ra s t s w i th t h e c omp le t e l a ck o fs ub -adu l t s a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th c o s tume ( t ha t i s , e a r a nd f i nge r r i ng s ) , b u t n o b ead s . T h i s l a ck o fs u b -adu l t s a mong t h o se w i th as imp le r a s semb lag e t y pe i ss im i la r t o ap a t t e rn a ppa ren t a mong s t t h o se w i th b r ooche s , w he r e s e t s o fb rooche s o n ly h ad a l ow f r equency o f s ub -adu l t s , c ompa r ed t o m o r e c omp lex a s semb lage s a s soc ia t ed w i th h i ghe r p r opo r t ion so fj uven i le s .

2 17

D epo s i t s

-

2 0 1 5 8 . 7 1 .1 3 0 1 4 .5 1 .8 1 7 .6 1 .1 1 2 .5 1 2 .3 1 2 .5

3 0 3 9 .1 2 2 .2 1 0 2 9 2 9 .4 5 0 1 00 5 8 .9 1 .1 2 5

1 3 . 3 1 2 .5 1 . 6 -

4 ) / 0O ther

8 8 .2 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 9 0 8 8 .1

4 0 5 4 . 3 3 . 2 5 . 9 .

1 8 .4 1 3 .6 2 4 .6 1 2 .5 1 3 1 .5 1 6 .8 2 7 .3 2 0 -

' ) / 0A n ima l R ema in s

-

5 0 -

1 22 3 8 3 8 9 0 15 5 8 8 1 08 7 0 1 23 6 5

5 . 5 6 . 1 1 3 .1 8 . 7 3 . 8 8 . 2 3 6 .4 1 00 3 3 .3 1 0 1 .1 .

Mean % S ta ture v . G rave L .

1 00

.

2 5 .6 2 2 .7 2 6 .2 2 5 8 . 7 1 9 .2 2 1 .7 3 6 .4 1 00 3 3 .3 2 5 1 00 3 3 .3 2 0 6 5 .2 1 .1 2 0

T op 1% d imen s ion s

-

_

1 03 9 3 9 0 10 1 08 1 05 9 6 1 2 5 10 15 .

% W i th C o f f in s

.

6 . 1 9 . 8 1 5 .4 7 . 6 2 5 1 6 .7 5 0 .

( 0)

7 . 9

.

( % )

1

7 2 .7 9 0 .9 1 00 1 00 8 7 .1 8 3 .3 1 00 8 5 .7 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 7 5 7 5 1 00

Mean A x is

C rema t ion s

8 2 .7

% Wi th S truc ture s

3 6 /64 1 3 /87

1 3 .4 1 3 .6 1 8 8 . 7 1 2 1 00 1 00 1 3 .3 -

6 8 /32 5 2 /48 6 1 /39 2 5 /75 9 3 /7 6 8 /32 6 1 /39 5 7 /43 / 100 1 00 / 1 00 / 6 0 /40 / 100 / 100 1 00 / 2 5 /75 1 00 / 1 00 / 1 00 / / 100 8 0 /20 9 3 /7 6 1 /39 3 3 /67 8 0 /20 6 9 /31 4 0 /60 / 100 8 6 / 14 5 0 /50 8 6 / 14 6 0 /40 6 7 /33 6 3 /37

. e .. . m. 2 t .

% W i th B arrow s

U lf I I

D i s turbed B ur ia l s( % )

I If 2 I I f3 I I f 4 I If 5 1 1 f 6 1 1f 7

5 1 /49 1 /89 1 /89 / 100 8 / 92 4 100 8 / 92 5 0 /50 / 100 / 100 3 3 /67 4 100 4 100 / 100 4 100 / 100 5 0 /50 / 100 5 / 95 4 100 2 5 /75 1 00 / 6 0 /40 / 100

v7

E x tended S up ine( % )

0 /a Ma l I Ia2 I I a3 1 1a4 I Ia 5 Ma I Ib l 1 1b2 I Ib3 I Ib4 I Ib5 I Ib I Ic 1 I I c2 I I c3 Mc I Id l 1 1d2 I Id3 I Id4 I Id I I e l 1 1 e2 1 1 e3 I 1 e4 Me 1 1f 1

c 3 V9 ( % )

A du l t /Sub A du l t( % )

A s semb lage C la s s

T ab le 1 22 : Compar i son o fb ur ia lv ar iab le s , a ssemb lage c l a ss I I ( Dre s s A cce s sor ie s.

C hap te r 1 6

A s w a s t h e c a se a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th b rooche s a nd p endan t s , t h e re a ppea red s ome c o r r e la t ion b e tween c l a s s I I a s semb lage s a s soc ia ted w i th ah i gh p ropo r t ion o fs ub -adu l t s a nd ah i gh i n c idence o f f l exed b u r ia lp o s tu re s . H oweve r , t h e l i nk h e re b e tween c h i ld r en o rj uven i les a nd f l exed p o s t u re s e em s t oh ave b een mo re d i rec t t h an t h a t f ound a mong t h o se w i th b rooche s o r p endan t s . T he r e w e re 4 c l a s s I I a s semb lage t ype s w he r e ah igh p ropo r t ion o fs ub -adu l t s c o in c ided w i th ah i gh p ropor t ion o ff l exed p o s tu r e s . I nt h ree o ft h e se ( I I Ie2 , I Ie3 a nd H I M , t h ec a se so ff l exed b u r ia l p o s tu res w e re a l s ub -adu l t s ( at o ta lo f 3b u r ia l s ) . I nc on t ra s t , a mong t h o se i n t e r red w i th a s semb lage s o ft ype I Ia 1( ab ead o rb ead s o n ly ) , o ft h ree i n d iv idua l sb u r ied i n af l exed o rc r ouched p o s tu r e , 2w e re a du l t s , a nd 1w a sn o ta ged . A l though ah igh p ropo r t ion o fs ome t ype s o fc l a s s I I a s semb lage w e re f ound i n mu l t ip le g rave s , i n g ene ra l ar e la t ive ly s ma l l p e rcen tage ( 6 .7% ) w e re i n te r red i ns uch g rave s . A s im i la r p a t te rn w a s a ppa ren ti nt h ec a se o fd i s tu rbed g rave s . I nc on t ra s t , r e la t ive ly h igh p ropor t ion s o ft h ese b u r ia l s w e re a s soc ia ted w i th b a r row s , g r ave s t ruc tu r e s , a nd c of in s . Ah ighe r p ropo r t ion o fa l l o ft h e se w e r e f ound w i th a s semb lages o fc l a s s I I t h an w i th a s semb lage s c on ta in ing b rooche s . H oweve r , t h e p ropo r t ion w a s l e s s t h an w a s t h e c a se w i th a s semb lage s c on ta in ing p endan t s , b u t n o b rooche s . O nce a ga in , t h e c h rono log ica l d i s t r ibu t ion o ft h e a s semb lage s ( i n t h e c a se o fc l a s s I I b e ing w e igh ted t owa rd s t h e 7t h c en tu ry ; s ee b e low ) a f f ec t s t h e f r equency o ft h e se f e a tu re s . C la ss I I a s semb lage s w e r e a l so a s soc ia ted w i th as l igh t ly a bove a ve rage p ropor t ion o fe x t r eme ly l a rge g r ave s ; 1 . 2% h ad a tl e a s t o ne d imen s ion i nt h e h i ghe s t 1 % i nt h e s amp le . T h i s f i gu re w a s c ompa rab le t ot h a tf o und w i th b rooch /pendan tb u r ia l s ( 1 .1 % ) . H oweve r , t h ea ve rage d i f f e r ence b e tween t h e s t a tu r e o ft h o se w i th c l a s s I I a s semb lage s a nd g r ave l e ng th w a s l e s s t h an t h a t a mong t hose w i th b rooche s o r p endan t s . S t a tu re e qua ted t o , o n a ve rage , 7 8 .4% o fg rave l e ng th a mong t ho se w i th d r e s s a cce s so r ie s b u tn o b rooche s o r p endan t s , c ompa red t oo n ly 7 0 .3% a mong t h o se w i th b rooche s a nd p endan t s , a nd 7 6 .7% a mong t ho se w i th w eapon s . T he f r equency o fa n ima l b one s a nd o t he r d epo s i t s w i th c l a s s I I a s semb lage s w a s a bove a ve rage ( a t 2 . 1% a nd 1 . 8% r e spec t ive ly ) . T he c o r r e la t ion s b e tween t h e 1 48 a s semb lage s o f c l a s s I V ( t hose p r ima r i ly c on s is t ing o f v es se l s o r c on ta ine r s )a nd o t he rv a r iab le sa r e s hown i nT ab le 1 23 .

7 9 _ 8 3 8 3

° A . O ther D epo s i t s

1 1 . 4 0 . 7

Mean % S ta ture v . G rave L .

1 8 .4 1 3 .9 3 1 .6 1 6 .7 3 3 .3 1 5 .4 1 4 .9

T op 1%

5 . 5 1 . 4 1 .1 1 5 .4 2 . 7

d imen s ion s

2 5 .6 3 3 .3 3 . 4 3 1 .6 1 6 .7 5 .6 1 5 .4 2 6 .4

% A n ima l R ema ins

13

% Wi th C off ins

8 . 8

% Wi th S truc ture s

1 03 19 1 00 18 17 1 04

% Wi th B arrow s

1 3 .4 1 3 .9 3 . 4 1 .1 7 . 7

( ` ' )

7 . 9 1 . 4 1 5 .8 2 2 .2 7 . 7 4 . 7

Mean A x i s

1 1 00 1 9 .6

C rema t ions

E x tended S up ine (% )

8 2 .7 6 0 1 00 1 00 8 0 7 8 .6

D is turbed B ur ia l s (% )

2 4 /76

6 8 /32 5 0 /50 7 5 /25 1 00 / 2 5 /75 7 1 /29 5 8 /42

Mu l t ip le b ur ia l s (% )

5 1 /49 2 7 /73 2 0 /80 / 100 / 100 5 0 /50

(% )

0 /a I Va I Vb I Vc I Vd I Ve I Vf I V

e i9 (% )

A du l t /Sub A du l t (% )

A s semb lage C la s s

T ab le 1 23 : C ompar i son o fb ur ia lv ar iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sI V V e s se l s /Con ta iner s.

1 . 6 5 . 3 0 . 7

1 . 2 1 . 4 0 . 7

T he d if e ren ta s semb lage t ype so fc l a s s I V , a nd t h en umbe ro fo ccu r rence s o fe ach , a r e l i s ted b e low : I Va . I Vb . I Ve . I Vd . I Ve . I Vf .

P o t s( 72 ) . C rema t ion U rn s( 29 ) . G la s s V e s se l s( 19 ) . Me ta lB ow ls o r Wooden B ucke t s ( 6 ) . O the rC on ta ine r s( 9 ) . C omb ina t ion ( 1 3 ) .

2 18

C h ap t e r 1 6

A s w ou ld b e e xpec ted , i nt h e c a se o f c r ema t ion s ( IVb ) v i r tua l ly n o d a ta o n o t he r v a r iab le s w a s a v a i lab le , w i th t h e e xcep t ion t h a t av e ry s ma l l n umbe r( 3 .4% ) w e re f o und i n ab a r row m ound . A l l o f t h e o t he r a s semb lage t y pe s s e em t oh ave b een p r edom inan t ly o re xc lu s ive ly a s soc ia t ed w i th f ema le s , w i th t h e e xcep t ion o fI Vf ( c omb ina t ion s o fv e s se l s ) , w h ich s how s a n e qua l s p l i t b e tween m a le s a nd f ema le s . O ve ra l l , a pp rox ima t e ly t h r ee -qua r te r s o f s e xed i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th t h e se a s semb lag e s w e r es e xed a sf ema le o rp robab ly f ema le . Among t ho se i n huma t ion s c on ta in ing p o t te ry v e s se l s ( IVa ) , s ub -adu l t s a ccoun ted f o r 5 0% o f a g ed i n d iv idua l s , a nd a mong t h o se w i th a s semb lage t y pe I Ve t h ey a c coun t ed f o r 7 5% . S ub -adu l t s w e r e u nd e r r ep re sen t ed a mong t h o s e b u r ied w i th g l a s s v e s se l s , m e ta l b ow ls o rb ucke t s , o rc omb ina t ion s o f v e s se l s . No i n f o rma t ion o n t h e b u r ia l p o s tu re o ft h o se b u r ied w i th b oxe s , b ag s o r o t he r c on ta ine r s ( I Ve ) w a s a va i lab le . Among t h o se i n humed w i th p o t t e ry , b u r ia l p o s tu r e w a s o n ly r e co rded i nt h r ee c a se s ;t wo a du l t sw e re b u r ied i na ne x tended s up ine p o s i t ion , a nd o ne c h i ld i n af l exed p o s i t ion . Av e ry s ma l lp ropor t ion o ft h o se b u r ied w i th p o t te ry w e r e f o und i nm u l t ip le g r ave s , b u t 3o u to f1 9i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th g l a s s v e s se l s , a nd 2o u to f 9b u r ied w i th b oxe s o ro t he r c on ta ine r s w e re f o und i nm u l t ip le g r ave s . T h e l e ve l o fd i s tu rbance a mong g r av e s c on ta in ing a s semb lage s o fc l a s s I V w a s i ng ene ra l l ow ( 8 .8% ) , a l though a mong t h o se i n humed w i th p o t t e ry v e s se l si tw a sj u s ta bov ea v e rage . O v e ra l l , t h e f r equency o fb u r ia l u nde r b a r row s w a s j u s t a bove t h e a ve rag e f o r t h e o ve ra l l s amp le a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th v e s se l s , b u t t h e p ropo r t ion w i th g r ave s t ruc tu r e s o r c off in s w a s b e low a v e rage . O n ly 0 . 7% o f t h o se w i th c l a s s I V a s semb lag e s w e r e b u r ied i n g r ave s o f v e ry l a rg e d imen s ion s ; t h i sc ompa r e st ob e tween 1 . 11 .3% a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th w eapon s , b rooche s , p endan t s o rd r e s sa cce s so r ie s . F u r the rmo r e , t h ea ve rage r a t io o fs t a tu r et og r ave l e ng th a mong t h e se b u r ia l sw a s h i gh ; s t a tu re r e p r e sen t ing o na ve rag e 8 3% o fg r av el e ng th , c ompa r ed t o am ean f i gu r e f o rt h e s amp le o f 7 9% . T he f r equ ency o fa n ima l r ema in s a nd o t he r d epo s i t s i ng r ave s c on ta in ing c l a s s I V a s semb lag e s w a sl ow ,b e ing j u s t0 . 7% i nb o th c a se s .

-

4 . 9 6

1 .9 1 .3

3 6 .1 2 4 .6 1 .1 2 1 .8 4 2 .1 1 8 .2 7 . 1 3 2 .4 3 3 .3

7 . 1 7 . 7 2 2 .2 9 3 . 8 2 7 .3 2 3 .1 3 . 6 6 . 5 7 . 1

2 5 .4

1 0 . 3 0 . 3 1 . 5 1 . 1 0 . 5

% O ther D epo s i t s

-

8 4 .8

1 07 1 08 9 3 1 08 1 08 8 8 1 02 1 0 1 1 2 1 9 9 1 04

1 8 .4 2 8 .9 2 8 .6 4 . 8 3 3 .3 2 3 .1 2 7 .2 1 8 .5 5 0 1 .1 1 9 .2 2 7 .8 2 7 .3 1 5 .4 1 0 .7 2 4 .3

% A n ima l R ema in s

8 9 .6

7 0 /30

5 . 5 7 7 . 1 1 5 .4

Mean 1/ 0 S ta ture v . G rave L .

8 . 4 2 1 .5 2 5 4 4 .4 2 4 .4 1 2 1 8 .2 7 . 7 1 0 .7

2 5 .6 4 0 .6 2 5 1 4 .3 2 2 .2 1 9 .2

T op 1% d imen s ion s

6 . 5 4 . 6 2 5 1 .1 6 . 4 4 . 5 9 . 1 7 . 7 3 . 6

-

1 03 1 04 1 35 1 0 3 17 8 9

% Wi th C off ins

8 . 4 7 . 1 9 . 5 1 .5

% Wi th S truc ture s

1 3 .4

6 . 4 3 . 6 9 . 5 1 .5

% Wi th B arrow s

7 . 9

_

( ° )

1

Mean A x i s

8 2 .7 8 6 .2 8 1 .8 7 7 .8 0 1 00 8 5 .3 5 7 .1 1 00 1 00 6 2 .5 8 6 .5 1 00 1 00 8 8 .2

(% )

6 8 /32 5 2 /48 8 2 / 18 9 3 /7 4 0 /60 8 3 / 17 6 0 /40 8 3 / 17 3 3 /67 1 00 / 8 1 / 19 8 0 /20 8 7 / 13 7 5 /25 9 5 /5 8 3 / 17

C rema t ions

D i s turbed B ur ia l s (% )

5 1 /49 6 7 /33 4 7 /53 1 7 /83 3 6 /64 5 3 /47 7 4 /26 / 100 3 3 /67 6 4 /36 8 6 / 14 1 /89 3 7 /63 4 7 /53 6 1 /39 5 7 /43

Mu l t ip le b ur ia ls (% )

V c V

(%)

E x t ended S up ine (% )

0 /a V a l V a2 V a3 V a4 V a5 V a V b l V b2 V b3 V b V c l V c2 V c3 V c4

d /9

A du l t /Sub A du l t (% )

A s semb lage C las s

T ab le 1 24 : C ompar i son o fb ur ia lv ar iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sV B e l t s /Kn ive s.

7 9 7 9 .8 7 3 .8 7 7 .9 9 2 -

1 . 6 1 . 7 7 . 1 3 . 8 1 . 8 1 . 5 -

1 . 2 1 0 . 8 1 . 5 -

9 2 8 2 .6 7 1 .5 8 0 .4 7 9 .5

1 . 3 1 . 5 -

1 . 3 1 . 5 -

1 . 1 1 . 6

1 . 1 0 . 9

A s semb lage c l a s s V( c on s i s t ing o fb u r ia l s c on ta in ing p r ima r i ly k n ive s a nd /o rb e l t s o rb uck le s ) w a st h e l a rge s ta s semb lage c l a s sw i th g r ave g ood s i nt h es amp le ( 6 45 c a se s ) . T ab le 1 24 s how st h ec o r r e la t ion s b e tween t h e d if e r en t t y pe s o ft h i s a s semb lage c l a s s , a nd t h e o t he r m a jo r v a r iab le s . T he a s semb lag e t y pe sl i s ted i nT ab le 1 24 a r es umma r i sed b e low : V al . V a2 . V a3 . V a4 . V a5 . V bl .

V b2 . V b3 . V cl . V c2 . V c3 . V c4 .

K n ive so n ly ( 2 98 ) . K n ive s /P in s ,R ing so rA rm le t s( 2 8 ) . K n ive s /K ey s( 2 1) . K n ive s /Su spen s ion R ing s( 9 ) . K n ive s /O the rI t em s( 2 6 ) . B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le so n ly ( 6 5 ) .

2 19

B uck le s /P in so rR ing s( 4 ) . B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le s /O the rI t em s( 9 ) . B e l tF i t t ing s /Buck le s /Kn ive s( 1 33 ) . B e l t s /Kn ive s /P in so rR ing s( 1 1) . B e l t s /Kn ive s /Key s( 1 3 ) . B e l t s /Kn ive s /O the rI t em s( 2 8 ) .

C hap t e r 1 6

Ma le s f o rmed t h e m a jo r i ty o ft h o se b u r ied w i th t h e s imp le s t c omb ina t ion s o fk n ive s o n ly ( 6 7% ) , b e l t s o n ly ( 7 4% ) , a nd b e l t s p l u s k n ive s ( 8 6% ) . F ema le s w e r e i nt h e m a jo r i ty a mong t ho se w i th t h e m o r e c omp lex a s semb lage s . O ve ra l l , 5 7% o f s e xed i n d iv idua l s w i th c l a s s V a s semb lage s w e r e m a le o r p r obab ly m a le . J u s tu nde rh a lf ( 4 8% ) o fa g ed i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th ak n if e o rk n ive s o n ly ( Va l) w e r e s ub -adu l t s , a s w e r e 6 0% o ft h o se b u r ied w i th ac omb ina t ion o fk n if e a nd s u sp en s ion r i ng s ( Va4 ) . Among t h e l a t t e r , n o e xamp le s o ft h e e x tended s up in e b u r ia l p o s tu r e w e r e r e co rd ed , b u t 1a du l t w a s i n af l exed p o s i t ion ( Fo lke s tone I I 2 2 ) . H ow eve r , t h et h r ee o t he ra s semb lage t y pe s( Va2 , V a3 , a nd V b l) w he r et h e r e w a s ah i gh i n c idence o ff l exed b u r ia l s w e r e a l s t rong ly c o r r e la ted w i th a du l t s ( a du l t s f o rm ing 8 2 -93% o f a ged i n d iv idua l s w i th t h e se a s semb lage s ) . A nd a mong t h e se g r oup s , i tw a s a du l t s t h a t w e r e b u r ied i n f l exed p o s i t ion s . I nc on t ra s t , a mong t h o se i n humed w i th p o t t e ry v e s se l s , e x t ended s up ine a c coun ted f o r 8 6 .2% o fb u r ia l p o s tu r e s ( 8 6 .4% o fb u r ia l p o s tu r e s a mong s ub -adu l t s ) . T hu s , a mong t h o se w i th c l a s s Va s semb lage s , t h e l i nk b e tween s ub -adu l t s a nd f l exed p o s tu r e s i d en t if ied w i th a s semb lag e c l a s s I IV d oe s n o t s e em t o h o ld ( i ndeed , s e em s t ob e r e ve r sed t o s ome e x ten t ) . T ype V b , w h i l s t b e ing s im i la r ly a s soc ia t ed w i th a du l t s ( 8 1% ) , h ad ah i gh p r opor t ion o ff l exed b u r ia l p o s tu r e s . A s semb lag e t y pe V c ,h oweve r , w a s s t rong ly a s soc ia t ed w i th a du l t s( who f o rmed 8 3% o fa g ed i n d iv idua l s ) , a nd a l so w i th e x t ended s up ine b u r ia l p o s tu r e . T he i n c idence o fc l a s s Va s semb lag e s i nm u l t ip le g r ave s , o rd i s tu rb ed g r ave s w a s , i ng ene ra l l ow ( o n ly 6% a nd 1 .3% r e spec t ive ly ) . H oweve r , n ea r ly a q ua r t e r o f t y pe V b a s semb lages ( c on ta in ing b e l t f i t t ing s a nd /o r b uck le s , b u t n o k n ive s ) w e r e d i s t u rbed , s ugge s t ing t h a t t r ue a s semb lag e s o ft h i s t y pe w e r ep r obab ly s i gn if i can t ly f ewe r ;m any m ay h ave c on ta ined o t he ro b jec t s , i n c lud ing k n ive s . T he p r opo r t ion o fc l a s s Va s semb lag e s t h a t w e r e a s soc ia t ed w i th b a r row s , g r ave s t ruc tu r e s a nd c off in s w a sg ene ra l ly a bove a ve rag e , a l though ab e low a ve rag ep e r cen tage o ft y pe V b a s semb lage sw e r eu nde r b a r row s . O n ly 0 . 5% o ft h i s c l a s s o fa s semb lage s w e r e i ne xcep t iona l ly l a rge g r ave s . H oweve r , 1 . 5% o fb u r ia l s c on ta in ing ac omb ina t ion o fk n ive s a nd b u ck le s o rs t rap f i t t ing s o n ly w e r e i ns u ch g rave s . T h e r a t io o f s t a tu r et og r ave l e ng th f o rc l a s s Vw a sj u s ta bove a ve rag e . T ab le 1 2 5 l i s t s t h e c o r r e la t ion b e tween c l a s s V I a s semb lage s ( g r ave g ood s o t he r t h an t h o se u s ed t o d ef ine t h e a bove c a tego r ie s ) a nd m a jo r v a r iab le s . T he a s semb lage t y pe s a nd t h e i r n umbe r o f o ccu r r ence sa r ea sf o l low s : V Ia . V Ib . V ic .

F i t t ing sa nd f r agmen t s( 6 1) . K ey s /G i rd le A cce s so r ie s( 1 8 ) . O the rI t em s( 2 2 ) .

1 8 .4 4 7 .5 5 . 6 1 8 .2 3 3 .6

1 -

% O ther D epo s i t s

5 . 5 3 . 3 1 . 1 9 . 1 5 . 9

% A n ima l R ema in s

2 5 .6 5 4 . 1 1 . 1 3 1 .8 4 1 .6

Mean % S ta ture v . G rave L .

T op 1% d imens ion s

1 03 10 9 3 8 3 1 00

% Wi th C off ins

1 3 .4 1 4 .8 2 7 .8 1 3 .6 1 6 .8

( 0)

7 . 9 1 .5 5 . 6 9 . 1 9 . 9

° A Wi th S truc ture s

1 -

Mean A x is

( % )

C rema t ion s

E x tended S up ine (% )

8 2 .7 1 00 1 00 5 0 8 4 .6

% Wi th B arrow s

6 8 /32 6 9 / 3 1 8 5 / 15 4 0 /60 6 7 /33

D is turbed B ur ia l s( / o )

5 1 /49 7 0 / 30 / 100 / 100 3 2 /68

Mu l t ip le b ur ia l s (% )

0 / 2 V Ia V Ib V Ic V I

d i9 ( / o )

Adu l t /Sub Adu l t (% )

A s semb lage C la s s

T ab le 1 25 : C ompar i son o fb ur ia lv ar iab le s ,a s semb lage c l a s sV I O ther I t em .

7 9 9 7 9 7

1 . 6 4 . 9 3

1 . 2 1 . 6 4 . 5 2

T h e m a jo r i ty ( 7 0% ) o ft h o se w ho se g r ave s c on ta ined o n ly f i t t ing s o r f r agmen t s o fo b jec t s ( t ype V Ia ) w e r e s e xed a sm a le o rp r obab ly m a le . H ow eve r , s e xed i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th g i rd le a c ce s so r ie s o r o t he ri t em s( t ype sV Ib a nd V Ic )w e r ee xc lu s ive ly f ema le o rp r obab ly f ema le . Among t h o se b u r ied w i th m i sce l laneou s o b jec t s ( V Ic ) , t h e m a jo r i ty o f a g ed i n d iv idua l s w e r e s ub a du l t s , a nd h a lf o f r e co rd ed b u r ia l p o s tu r e s a s soc ia t ed w i th t h i s a s semb lage t y pe w e r e f l exed . H oweve r ,a mong t y pe sV Ia a nd V Ib , e x tended s up ine w a st h eo n ly r e co rded p o s tu re .

2 20

C hap te r 1 6

Ar e la t ive ly h i gh p ropor t ion o fc l a s s V I a s semb lage s w e r e f o und i nm u l t ip le b u r ia ls a nd , a sm igh t b e e xpec t ed , ah i gh p ropo r t ion w e r e d i s tu rbed . D i s tu rbance w a s p a r t icu la r ly h i gh a mong t h o se b u r ied w i th k ey s a nd o t he r g i rd le a c ce s so r ie s ( V Ib ) . T he n umbe r o ft h i s t y pe o fa s semb lag e w a s i na ny c a se s ma l l( o n ly 1 8 i nt h es amp le ) ,a nd w i th o ve r aq ua r t e rw i th s ome r e co rd o fd i s tu rbance i ts e em st h a tt h e t r ue n umbe r m ay h ave b een e ven s ma l le r . C lea r ly , k ey s a nd g i rd le a cce s so r ie s w e r e o n ly v e ry i n f r equen t ly b u r ied w i thou to t he rg r av eg ood s . T he f r equency w i th w h ich b a r row s , g r ave s t ruc tu r e sa nd c off in sw e r ea s soc ia t ed w i th g r ave s c on ta in ing c l a s sV Ia s semb lage sw a sh i gh ,r ef lec t ing t h ep r edom inan t ly l a te d a t eo ft h e se g r ave s( s ee b e low ) . N one o ft h e se a s semb lag e s w e r e f o und i n ag r ave w i th v e ry l a rg e d imen s ion s , a nd o n a ve rage t h e s t a tu r eo fi n d iv idua l sw i th c l a s sV I a s semb lag e s e qua l led 9 7% o fg r ave l e ng th , i mp ly ing t h a tt h ey w e r e o f t en b u r ied i ng r ave so ft h em in imum s i z er e qu i r ed t of i tt h em i na ne x t ended p o s i t ion . H oweve r ,t h ep ropo r t ion o fc l a s sV I a s semb lage sa s soc ia t ed w i th a n ima lr ema in s o ro t he rd epo s i t sw a s t h eh i ghe s to fa ny a s semb lag ec l a s s . T h e r ema in ing 9 14 b u r ia l s i nt h e s amp le c on ta ined n o r e co rd o f a ny s u rv iv ing g r ave g ood s . c o r r e la t ion o ft h i sg roup o fb u r ia l sw i th m a jo rv a r iab le si ss hown i nT ab le 1 26 .

T h e

Tab le 1 26 : Co mpar ison o f bur ia lv ar iab les , a sse mb lage c lass VII ( No Grave

5 . 5 3

1 8 .4 9

1 0 . 3

7 9 8 5 .4

' Y e O ther D epo s i t s

T op 1% d imen s ions

2 5 .6 2 2

% An ima l R ema ins

% Wi th C off ins

1 03 9 9

Mean % S ta ture v . G rave L .

% Wi th S truc ture s

1 3 .4 1 5

Mean A x is

(% )

IC rema t ion s

7 . 9 1 0 .6

1 -

% Wi th B arrow s

8 2 .7 6 8 .8

( a )

6 8 /32 6 2 /38

D is turbed B ur ia ls (% )

5 1/49 5 6 /44

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(%)

Mu l t ip le b ur ia ls (% )

0 /a V I I

c 3 V9

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A s semb lage C las s

Goods.

1 . 6 1 . 6

1 . 2 1

B u r ia l s w i thou t g r ave g ood s t e nded t ob e m o r e c ommon a mong m a le s , a nd a mong s ub -adu l t s , a nd s how ar e la t ive ly h i gh p ropo r t ion o fi n d iv idua l sb u r ied i nn on s tanda rd p o s tu r e s . I n t e rmen ti nm u l t ip le g r ave s , a nd d i s tu rbance o fg r ave s , w e r e b o th a bove a ve rage o ccu r rence s a mong t h i s g r oup . H ow eve r , i n d iv idua l s w i thou t g r ave g ood s w e r e l e s s l i ke ly t oh ave b a r row s , g r ave s t ruc tu r e s o r c of in s . T hey w e r e a l so l e s s l i ke ly t h an t h o s e w i th g r ave g ood st ob e i na n e xcep t iona l ly l a rge g r ave , a nd o n a ve rag e t h e i rs t a tu re w a se qua lt o8 5 .4% o fg r av e l e ng th . I nc on t ra s tt og r ave s c on ta in ing a s semb lage s o fc l a s s V I ,t h ey d i dn o th ave ah i gh c hance o fb e ing a s soc ia t ed w i th a n ima lr ema in so ro t he rd epo s i t s .

Tab le 1 27 : D istr ibut ion o fa sse mb lage c lasses , 5t h t o 8t h c entur ies . A s semb lage 7 t h c e n t u r y 5t h c entury 6t h c entury 8t h c entury C la s s I .Weapon s 2 64 ( 2 2% ) 1 78 ( 2 3 .2% ) 1 3( 2 .6% ) 1 8( 1 2 .6% ) I .B rooche sa nd P endan t s I I .D re s s A cce s sor ie s I V .V e s se l sa nd C on ta iner s V .B e l t sa nd K n ive s V I .O ther I t em s

2 4( 1 6 .8% )

1 5 5 ( 2 0 .2% )

8 ( 7 .3% )

2( 0 .4% )

1 2( 8 .4% )

1 00 ( 1 3 .1 % )

1 4 1 ( 1 1 .7% )

4 0( 7 .9% )

2 1 ( 1 4 .7% )

4 6( 6% )

5 3 ( 4 .4% )

1 5( 3% )

3 0( 2 1% )

1 32 ( 1 7 .2% )

2 66 ( 2 2 .1 % )

1 44 ( 2 8 .6% )

3( 2 . 1% )

1( 1 .4% )

3 8 ( 3 .2% )

2 7( 5 .4% )

V I I .N oG rave G ood s TOTAL .

3 5 ( 2 4 .5% )

1 44 ( 1 8 .8% )

3 52 ( 2 9 .3% )

2 63 ( 5 2 .2% )

1 43 ( 100 %)

7 66 ( 100 %)

1 202 ( 100 %)

5 04 ( 100 % )

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6 1 1 8 V la . F i t t ings /F rags

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1 6 3 0 1 c . 3B rooches

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4 8 I l b . 2B rooches

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I .A l l Weapons

I f .A r rows

2 934 O la S amp le

T n ta l b y c en tu ry .

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I tw a s n o ted a bove t h a t c h rono log ica l f a c to r s p r obab ly a f f ec t ed t h e i n c idence o f s ome v a r iab le s ( n o t ab ly b a r row s a nd c off in s ) w i th c e r ta in a s semb lag e t y pe s . C e r ta in ly , t h e c h rono log ica l d i s t r ibu t ion o fm any a s semb lag e t y pe s w a s n o t e ven a c ro s s t h e 3 00 -350 y ea r s o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon r i t e o fb u r ia l w i th g r ave g ood s ( 5t h t om id 8t h c en tu r ie s ) . T ab le 1 2 8 a bove s how s t h e p ropo r t ion s o fe a ch m a jo r a s semb lage t ype a s s igned t oe a ch p ha se , a l ong w i th t h ea b so lu te n umbe r s o fo ve ra l l a s semb lage c l a s se s a s s igned t oe ach c en tu ry ,o rt wo c en tu r ie s . S eve ra lc l ea rp a t te rn sa r ea ppa r en t . Among a s semb lag e so fc l a s s I ,t h ec on t ra s tb e tween g r ave s c on ta in ing b rooche s , w i th ap r edom inan t ly 6t h t oe a r ly 7t h c en tu ry d i s t r ibu t ion , a nd t h o se c on ta in ing o n ly p endan t s , w i th a m a in ly 7t h c en tu ry d i s t r ibu t ion i sc l ea r . Among a s semb lag e s o fc l a s s I , t h e r e la t ive ly c on s tan t a nd e ven d i s t r ibu t ion o f b ead s ( a l though b ead t y pe s c hanged r a d ica l ly o ve r t h e p e r iod ; s e e C hap te r 5 ) c on t ra s t s w i th t h e p r edom inan t ly 7t h t o f it h c en tu ry d i s t r ibu t ion o fo t h e r d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s . T he l a te 7t"t o f i t h c en tu ry d i s t r ibu t ion o fa s semb lage so fc l a s s V I i sv e ry c l ea r . H oweve r , t h e r e a r e c on s ide rab le g ap s i nt h e d a ta a sp r e sen t ed i nT ab le 1 28 . B ecau se l a rge n umbe r s o fg r av e s c ou ld n o tb e d a t ed m o r e c l o se ly t h an t o 5t h o r 6t h' ,` 6t h o r 7t h' ,o r 7t h o r 8t h' c en tu ry , i ti sd i ff i cu l tt od e t e rm ine t h eo ve ra l l d i s t r ibu t ion o ft h ed i f f e ren ta s semb lage sa c ro s st h e p e r iod i nq ue s t ion . C ha r t s 1 6 a nd 1 7 s h ow t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f a s semb lage c l a s se s i nt h e d i f f e r en t c en tu r ie s i ft h o se g r ave s d a ted t o at wo c e n tu ry p e r iod a r e e ven ly d i s t r ibu ted b e tween t h o se c en tu r ie s 6t ho ( f o re xamp le , 5 0% o fg r ave s d a ted a s, r— 7 t h , c e n tu ry w e r e a s s igned t ot h e 6t h c en tu ry , a nd 5 0% t o t h e 7t h) . O n t h i s b a s i s , C ha r t 1 6 s how s e a ch a s semb lag e c l a s s a s ap ropo r t ion o ft h e t o ta l n umbe r o f a s semb lage s f o re a ch c en tu ry ,w h i l s tC ha r t 1 7s how st h ea b so lu t en umbe r s o fe ach a s semb lag e c l a s s i n e a ch c e n tu ry . T he f i gu r e sw h ich p r oduced t h e se c ha r t sa r es hown i nT ab le 1 27 a bove .

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T h e se f i gu r e s c an b e t a ken a s ag ene ra l g u ide o n ly , s i nce i nr e a l i ty t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o ft h e l e s s c l o se ly d a t ed g r ave s m ay n o t h av e b een s o b a lanced ( af u r the r b i a s t owa rd s t h e 6t h a nd 7t h c en tu r ie s , w ho se s p an s f e l le n t i r e ly w i th in t h ep e r iod o fd epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s ,m igh tb ee xpec ted ) . N one th e le s s ,t h e g ene ra l p a t te rn s c an b e d educed . D u r ing t h e 5t h c en tu ry , g r ave s c on ta in ing o n ly b e l t a nd k n if e a s semb lage s , o r n o g r ave g ood s , a c coun ted f o r o ve r 4 5% o f a s semb lage s , w i th t h o se c on ta in ing w eapon s o r b rooche s t o g e the r m ak ing u p o n ly 3 0% . T ho se p r ima r i ly c on ta in ing v e s se l s ( i nc lud ing c r ema t ion u r n s ) a c coun ted f o rj u s t u nde r 1 5% o fa s semb lag e s . D u r ing t h e 6t h c en tu ry , t h e p a t te r n w a s d i f f e r en t ; w eapon a nd b r ooch b u r ia l s f o rmed j u s t u nde r 4 4% o f b u r ia l s , w h i l s t t h o se c on s i s t ing p r ima r i ly o fb e l t s a nd k n ive s , o r w i thou t g r ave g ood s , a c coun t ed f o r o n ly 3 6% . T he f r equency o f v e s se la s semb lage s f e l lt oo n ly 6% . T he 7 `h c en tu ry s e e s as i gn if i can t f a l l i n t h e n umbe r o f c l a s s I a s semb lage s ( w i th p endan t s p r og r e s s ive ly r e p lac ing b rooch e s i nt h i s c l a s s ) , a nd ar i se i nt h e n umbe r o ft h o se b u r ied w i thou t a ny g r ave g ood s( t oj u s tb e low 3 0% o fa l a s semb lag e s ) . H oweve r , i ti st h e 8 `h c en tu ry w h ich s e e st h em o s t d r ama t ic s i f ti nd epo s i t iona l p a t t er n s . T he p r opo r t ion o fb u r ia l s w i thou t a ny g r ave g ood s r i se s t oo ve r h a lf o ft h e t o ta l ( 52 .2% ) , w h i l s t c l a s s Ia s semb lag e s a l b u t d i sappea r . As ma l l n umbe r o fw eapon b u r ia l s m ay h ave o ccu r r ed d u r ing t h e 8 `h c en tu ry , b u t i fs o t h ey p robab ly o n ly c on ta ined s p ea r s ( h ow eve r , n one w e re c e r ta in ly d a ted t ot h e 8 `h) . B e l t a nd k n if e a s semb lage s ( c la s s V ) w e r e t h e o n ly f r equen tt y pe o fb u r ia lw i th g r ave g ood si nt h i sc en tu ry . H av ing c on s ide red t h ed i f f e r en tt y pe s o fa s semb lag e ,t h e i rc o r r e la t ion w i th o t he rv a r iab le so ft h eb u r ia l r i t e , a nd t h e i r b a s ic c h rono log ica l d i s t r ibu t ion , i ti s p o s s ib le t o s umma r i se a nd c ompa re t h o se a s semb lage s . T he d i f f e ren t a s semb lag e t y pe s , a nd t h e d emog r aph ic a nd g r av e v a r iab le s w i th w h ich t h ey c o r r e la te , a r es umma r i sed i nT ab le 1 29 . I ti sc l ea rt h a tt h e d i f f e ren tc omb ina t ion s o fg r ave g ood s d epo s i t ed i nt h e g r ave s o f 5t h8t h c e n tu ry K en t w e r e n o t e ven ly a s soc ia ted b e tween t h e d i f f e r en t g ende r a nd a g e g roup s , o r b e tw een t h o se g r av e s w h ich d i d o r d i d n o t h ave v a r iou s e x ter na l a nd i n t e rna l m od if i ca t ion s . Wh i l s t t h e t y pe , n umbe r a nd q ua l i ty o fg r ave g ood s m ay p rov ide s ome g u ide t ot h e s o c ia l s t a tu s o f t h e d ecea sed , s o m igh t t h e p r e sence o r a b sence o f s u ch m od if i ca t ion s t og r ave s , a s w e l l a st h e s i z e o ft h e g r ave s t h em se lve s . B ef o r e t h e q ue s t ion o f s o c ia l s t ruc tu re i s a dd r e s sed , h owev e r , am o r e d e ta i led a na ly s i s o f t h e

2 24

C hap t e r 1 6

r e la t ion sh ip b e tween t h e d i f f e r en t d emog raph ic g r oup s a nd a s semb lage s o fg r ave g ood s i sr e qu i r ed , s i nce a ny a na ly s i so fs oc ia ls t ru c tu r et h a tt o ok n oa c coun to fa ge a nd g ende rw ou ld b ef l awed .

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2 25

C hap te r 1 6

F o l low ing t h is , a n a t temp tw i l l b e m ade i nt h e f o l low ing s e c t ion t oa s se ss , f r om t h e t o ta l i ty o fe v idence , w ha tc an b e s a id a bou tt h e s oc ia l s t ruc tu re o ft h ep opu la t ion i n te r r ed i nt h e se b u r ia l g round s . T he r e w e re at o ta l o f2 934 a s semb lage s /bu r ia l s i nt h e s amp le . I nc hap te r 1 2 i tw a s s hown t h a t 5 1% o f s exed i n d iv idua l s w e re r e co rded a s m a le o r p robab ly m a le , a nd t h a t 3 1 .9% o fa ged i n d iv idua l s w e r e r e co rded a ss ub -adu l t s . A l though t h e n umbe r o fs exed a nd /o r a ged i n d iv idua l s w a s l e s s t h an t h e t o ta l s amp le , b y e x t rapo la t ing t h e se p ropor t ion s o n t ot h e s amp le a s aw ho le , t h e f o l low ing d emog raph ic p rof i le i sr e ached :

1 019 men 4 77 b oy s 1 496 ma le s

9 79 women 4 59 g i r l s 1 438 f ema le s

Many t ype s o fg rave g ood a s semb lage s ( s uch a s' weapon s ' ) c an b e e xc lu s ive ly a s s igned t oo ne g ende r ( t ak ing i n to a ccoun t t h e m a rg ins o f e r ro r o f s e x ing s ke le ta l r ema in s ) . O the r s s e em t o h ave b een c ommon , i nv a ry ing p ropo r t ion s , t ob o th s e xe s . B y e x t rapo la t ing t h e p ropo r t ions o fe ach s ex a nd a ge g roup r e co rded i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h e d i f f e r en t a s semb lage t y pe s ( a nd t a k ing i n to a ccoun t p robab le a noma l ies , s uch a s f ema le s w i th w eapon s ) , at h eo r e t ica l b r eak d own b y g ende r a nd a ge o ft h e t o ta l n umbe ro fa s semb lage s i nt h es amp le c an b e r e ached . T h is i ss hown i nT ab le 1 30 b e low :

T ab le 1 30 : E s t ima ted n umber s a s soc ia ted w i th a s semb lage s . A s semb lage C la ss Men I .Weapon s I .B rooche s I I .D re s sA cce s so r ie s I V . V e s se l sa nd C on ta ine r s V . K n ive sa nd B e l t s V I . O the rI t em s V I I . No G rave G ood s T o ta l

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T h i s a pp roach r e su l t s i n ah i ghe re s t ima te o ft h e t o ta l n umbe r o fm a le s i nt h e s amp le ( 1 536 c ompa red t o 1 496 ) t h an a s imp le e x t rapo la t ion o f t h e s ke le ta l d a ta o n s e x . S im i la r ly , i tr e su l t s i n ah i ghe r p ropo r t ion o f a du l t s t han d i d t h e s k e le ta l d a ta a l one ( 2029 c ompa red t o 1 998 ) . T h i s r e su l t s i n a p opu la t ion c omp r i s ing o ve r5 2% m a le s , a nd 3 0 .8% s ub -adu l t s . A s h a s b een s ugge s ted a bove , t h e d a ta o n s k e le ta l s e x c l ea r ly h ad ac on s ide rab le m a rg in o fe r ro r . I t s e em st h a tt h es amp le p robab ly d i dc on ta in as l igh t m a jo r i ty o fm a le s , b u t i tw ou ld b e e xpec ted t h a tt h e ma le /f ema le r a t io w ou ld b e c l o se r t o5 0 /50 t h an t h e a na ly s i s o fa s semb lage s s ugges t s . P o s s ib ly s ome o ft h e k n if e a nd /o rb e l t c omb ina t ion s o fa s semb lage c l a ss V ( s pec if ica l ly t ho se i n c lud ing i t ems s uch a s p i n s a nd r i ng s ) w e re mo re e xc lu s ive ly a s soc ia ted w i th f ema les t h an t h e s ke le ta l d a ta s ugge s t s . T he r e w e r e 4 3 s uch a s semb lage s a s s igned t o m en o r b oy s i n t h e a na ly s i s s hown i n T ab le 1 30 ( f rom a s semb lage t ypes V a2 , 4a nd 5 ,V b3 , a nd V c2 a nd 4 ) . T he s ho r tf a l l i nf ema le s b e tween t h e e s t ima te b a sed o n a s semb lage s a nd s ke le ta l d a ta , a nd t h a t b a sed o n s k e le ta l d a ta a l one , w a s 4 0 . I ft h e se a s semb lage t ype s w e re i n deed e xc lu s ive ly a s soc ia ted w i th f ema le s , t h en t h e t wo s e t s o fe s t ima te s f o r t h et o ta ln umbe ro f ma le sa nd f ema le s i nt h es amp le p opu la t ion w ou ld v i r tua l ly a g ree . T he e s t ima te o ft h et o ta l n umbe ro fs ub -adu l t s i nt h e s amp le ( of b o th s exe s ) m ay b e h igh i nb o th c a se s , s i nce t h e b u r ia l s o fc h i ld ren , b e ing r e la t ive ly u nu sua l , a r e m o re l i ke ly t oh ave b een c ommen ted o n b y e a r ly e xcava to r s , a nd t hu s h ave e n te red t h e r e co rd s , t h an t h o se o f a du l t s . T hu s , a s w a s a rgued i n c hap te r 1 2 , a n e s t ima te o fs ub -adu l t s e qua l l ing a r ound 3 2% o ft h e s amp le i sp robab ly h i gh ; t h e a c tua l f i gu re w a sp robab ly s omewhe r eb e tween 2 0 -30% o ft h et o ta l p opu la t ion i nt h e s amp le . D e sp i te t h e q ua l if i ca t ion s d i scu s sed a bove , t h e f i gu re s l i s ted i nT ab le 1 30 a ppea r t oo f f e r ar e a sonab ly c onv inc ing e s t ima te o f t h e o ve ra l l b r eak d own o f a s semb lage c l a s se s b e tween t h e g ende r s a nd a ge g roup s . H oweve r , i no rde rt ot r yt oe s tab l i sh p a t te rn so fd epo s i t ion t h a tr e la te t on a r rowe ra ge r ange s , i t

2 26

C hap t e r 1 6

i sn ece s sa ry t oa na ly se t h e s pec if ic a s semb lag es a nd g rave g ood st h a tw e re f ound w i th a ccu ra te ly a ged i n d iv idua l s ; o f w h ich t h e re w e re 6 31 c a se s i n t h e s amp le ( r ep re sen t ing 2 1 .5 % o f t h e t o ta l ) . T he d i f f e ren t a s semb lages a nd g rave g ood t y pe s f ound w i th e ach a ge g roup w i l l n ow b e d i scu s sed . I n a dd i t ion , ' a r tef ac tk i t s ' ( a r tef ac t s f ound w i th o ve r 5 0% o fi n d iv idua l s w i th g rave g ood s w i l l b e d ef ined f o r e ach a ge g roup , a nd , w he re p o s s ib le , g ende r w i th in e ach a ge g roup . T he t r ea tmen t o f e ach a g e /gende rg roup w i th in t h eo ve ra l l mo r tua ry r i t ew i l l a l so b ec on s ide red . T he d if e ren ta s semb lages a nd g r ave g ood sf ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th i n f an t s u nde r ay ea ro ld , o fw h ich t h e r ew e re 9c a se sr e co rded i nt h es amp le , a r e l i s ted b e low :

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% o fa ge g roup 1 .1 1 .1 1 .1 1 .1 1 .1 4 4 .4

I tw a s n o tp os s ib le t od e te rm ine t h e s ke le ta l s ex o fa ny o ft h e se i n f an t s . H oweve r , t h ree o ft h e g r ave s c on ta ined o b jec t s a s soc ia ted w i th f ema le g ende r ( b ead s , k ey s , a nd a n a rm le t ) , a nd a r e l i ke ly t oh ave b een t h eb u r ia l so fb aby g i r l s . T he f u l lr ange o fa r t ef ac tt y pe s f ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th i n f an t s u nde r a y ea ro l dw a sa sf o l low s :

I nf an t sa ged 0 1 y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tef ac tt ype s S i lver K en t i sh d i sc b rooch ; b ead s ; c opper a l loy f i nger r i ng ; a rm le t ; b e l t ; k n if e ; k ey s ; p o t . T he b rooch , f i nge rr i ng a nd k ey s ( p lu st wo m e ta l f i t t ing s ) w e re f ound i no n ly o ne g rave ( Oz enge l l 8 6 ) . T he a r t ef ac tk i tf o rt h is a ge g roup w a s ak n if e ( f ound i n 3o ft h e 5b u r ia l s w i th g rave g ood s ) . O n ly 2o ft h ese i n f an t s h ad t h e i rb u r ia l p o s tu re r e co rded ; o ne w i thou t g rave g ood s w a s i na n e x tended s up ine p o s i t ion , w h i l s t o ne b u r ied w i th ah and -made p o t a nd b e l t b uck le w a s l y ing o n i t s l ef ts i de w i th l e g s f l exed ( Lym inge 4 2 ) . N o i n f an t s d ef in i te ly u nde r ay ea r o l d w e re r e co rded a sb e ing b u r ied u nde r b a r row s , b u t 3( Ozenge l l 3 5 , 7 a nd 8 6 ) h ad g r ave s w i th s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu re s ( two c on ta ined i n te r na l s and s tone s l ab s a nd o ne h ad a n i n teg ra l c ha lk l e dge ) . A t l e a s tt h ree o ft h e se i n f an t s h ad b een b u r ied i n a n u nbu rn t c off in ( Ozenge l l 7 7 , 8 6 a nd 8 7 ) . Two o ft h e se b u r ia ls ( Ozenge l l 7 7 a nd 8 7 ) c on ta ined a n ima l r ema in s . O zenge l l 7 7 a l so c on ta ined s ome c ha rcoa l . As umma ry o ft h e d a ta , a nd c o r r e la t ion s b e tween t h a td a ta , f r om t h eb u r ia l s i nt h i sa ge g roup i ss hown i nT ab le 1 31 b e low .

T ab le 1 31 : I nf an t s a ced 0 1 A s semb lage C la s s

e ar s - S umma .

N umber o fc a se sw i th : T o ta l

B u r ia lP o s tu re O the r E x tended P o s tu re S up ine

I 1 I 1 I I 1 2 I V V 1 V I 1 4 V I I 9 1 1 T o ta l Mean Ax i s : 8 6 ° A r t ef ac tK i t( A l l ) : Kn if e A r tef ac tK i t( e ) : None? A r tef ac tK i t( 9 ) : B ead s +K n if e? O ther N o te s : A l lc off in su nbu rn t

B a r row s

G rave S t ruc tu r e s

C of f in s

_

-

-

-

1 1 1

1 2

-

3

3

2 27

V e ry L a rg e G rave

1

A n ima l R ema in s

O the r D epo s i t s

_

_

2

1

2

1

C hap te r 1 6

T he r e w e re 5 4 i n d iv idua l s i nt h e s amp le w ho se a ge a td ea th w a s r e co rded a sb e ing b e tween 1 6 y ea r s . A ga in , i tw a s n o t p o ss ib le t od e te rm ine t h e s k e le ta l s ex o fs uch y oung c h i ld ren . Howeve r , o ft h e 3 w i th g rave g ood s , 1 8( 54 .5% )w e re a ccompan ied b y f ema le l i nked a r tef ac t s ( b rooche s , p endan t s , b ead s , k ey s ) , a nd w e re p robab ly t h e b u r ia l s o f g i r l s . T h ree o f t h i s a ge g roup h ad w eapon s , a nd w e re p r e sumab ly b oy s , a nd t h e r ema in ing a s semb lage s ( c on ta in ing v e s se l s , b e l t s a nd k n ive s ) m ay w e l l h ave a l so b een t h o se o f b oy s . I n d e te rm in ing t h e p robab le a r tef ac t k i t o f ma le s i nt h is a ge g r oup , i ti s a s sumed t h a tt h e l a t te ra s semb lage sw e re i n deed a s soc ia ted w i th m a le s ( s ee b e low ) . T he a s semb lage s f ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h i sa ge g roup a r e l i s ted b e low :

A s semb lage

N o .

I a( 2 .1 ,2 . 2 ) I b4 .1 I 1 b2 .14 I c3 .2 H e( 2 .13 ,2 . 15 ) I l ia ( 1 . 1 , 1 . 2 ,2 . 1 ,2 . 2 , 2 . 4 , 5 . 1) I Ic l I If( 1 .1 ,6 . 1 , 7 . 1) I Va ( 1 , 7 ,1 2 ) I Vc4 I Vf 2 V a l .1 V b 1 .1 V Ia l V I I

S pea rc omb ina t ion s S h ie ld + S pea r +B e l t 2B rooche s +B ead s +K ey s +P o t 3B rooche s +B ead s +P i n s +G la s s V e s se l P endan tc omb ina t ion s B ead c omb ina t ion s B race le t D r e s sA cce s so r ie s +V e s se l s P o tc omb ina t ions G la s sV e s se l +K n if e +P in P o t +G la s sV e s se l +K n if e K n if e B e l t /Buck le Me ta lF i t t ing s N oG rave G ood s

% o fa ge g roup 2 1 1 1 2 9 1 3 3 1 1 5 2 1 2 1

3 . 7 1 . 9 1 . 9 1 . 9 3 . 7 1 6 .7 1 . 9 5 . 6 5 . 6 1 . 9 1 . 9 9 . 3 3 . 7 1 . 9 3 8 .9

B e tween t h em ,t h e se a s semb lage sc on ta ined t h e f o l low ing r a nge o fa r tef ac tt ype s :

Ch i ldren a ged 1 6y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tefac tt ype s S h ie ld ; s pear ; b uck le ; k n if e ; E qua l -Armed b rooch ; Sma l l -Long b rooch ; B u t ton b rooch ; c opper a l loy p endan t ; b ead s ; p in ; s i lver r i ng ; b race le t ; k ey s ; c opper a l loy s u spens ion r i ng ; h and -made p o t ; g l a s s C one B eaker ; g la ss B e l l B eaker ; w ooden c up ; wooden b ox ; p ur se ; b one d i sc . O ft h e 1 8b u r ia l s c on ta in ing f ema le l inked o b jec t s , 1 6c on ta ined o ne o r mo re b eads , a nd j u s tu nde rh a lf c on ta ined ak n if e . O ft h e r ema in ing 1 5 b u r ia l s w i th m a le o rn on -gende r s pec if ic a r tef ac t s , 8c on ta ined ak n if e . T he r ange o fg rave g ood s a s soc ia ted w i th t h is a ge g roup i sc on s ide rab ly w ide rt h an f o r i n f an t s u nde r ay ea r o ld , t hough t h e a b sence o fK en t i sh d i sc b rooche s i si n te re s t ing , a nd c on t ra s t s w i th t h e e xamp le f ound w i th t h e i n f an ti nO zenge l l 8 6 . O ft h et h ree g l a s sv e s se ls f ound w i th c h i ld ren i nt h is a g e g roup , o ne ( i n B uck land 2 54 i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h ree b rooche s , b ead s , a nd p i n s ) w a s ac one b eake r , w h i l s t 2w e re b e l l b eake r s . T he c h i ld b u r ied i nL ym inge I g r ave 2 4 , a ccompan ied b y ap a i r o f g i l t c oppe r a l loy e qua l -a rmed b rooche s , b ead s , k ey s , a nd ap o t , w a s l y ing o n i t sr i gh t s i de , w i th l e g s f l exed . One c h i ld w i th ak n if e o n ly , a nd 3c h i ld ren w i th n o gave g ood s ,w e re a l so b u r ied i n af l exed p o s i t ion . N one o ft h e w eapon o r b rooch b u r ia l s i nt h i s a ge g roup h ad e v idence o fb a r row s , b u t O z enge l l 4 0 , w h ich c on ta ined ac h ip -ca rved p endan t , b ead s , b e l t , k n if e , a nd c up -moun t , h ad t h ree p a i r s o f i n teg ra l p o s t -ho le sa l ong i t ss i de s , a nd t wo r e ce s se s a tt h e h ead o ft h e g rave . O zenge l l 8 5 , wh ich w a s d i s tu rbed b u tc on ta ined s h ie ld f i t t ing s , as pea rf e r ru le , a nd 2b uck le s , a l so c on ta ined ac off in . None o ft h eg rave s w i thou t g rave g ood s h ad a ny e v idence o fb a r row s , s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu r e s , o r c off ins . Whe re e v idence o f c of in s w a s f ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h i s a ge g r oup , t h e re w a s n o r e co rd t h a t t h e c off in s h ad b een b u rn t . O n ly o ne c h i ld ( w i thou tg r ave g ood s ) i nt h is a ge g roup w a s a ccompan ied b y a n ima l r ema in s , a nd

2 28

C hap te r 1 6

n one w e re a ccompan ied b y a ny o t he r t y pe s o fd epo s i t ( s uch a s c ha rcoa l ) . T he c o r re la t ion s b e tween a s semb lage t ype s a nd o the rv a r iab le s i nt h i s a ge g roup a r e s umma r i sed i nT ab le 1 32 b e low .

T ab le 1 32 : C h i ldren a ged 1 6 A s semb lage C la s s

e ar s -S umma .

Number o fc a se s w i th : T o ta l

B u r ia lP o s tu re O the r E x t ended S up ine P o s tu re

B a r row s

G rave S t ruc tu re s

3 I 1 1 1 4 I 1 1 1 I I 1 3 5 1 1 I V 1 1 2 7 V 1 V I 1 2 3 2 1 V I I 2 4 5 4 7 5 T o ta l Mean Ax i s : 8 6 ° Mean S ta ture a sp ercen tage o fg rave l e ng th : 7 3 .5% A r t ef ac tK i t( A l l ) : K n if e A r tef ac tK i t( j ) : Kn if e? A r t ef ac tK i t( Y) : B ead s O ther N o te s : A l l c off in su nbum t

C off in s

V e ry L a rge G rave

1 1

-

1 1 2 4

A n ima l R ema in s

O the r D epo s i t s

-

T he r ew e re 5 3 i n d iv idua l s i nt h e s amp le w ho se a ge a td ea th w a s a s ses sed a sb e ing b e tween 6 12 y ea r s . T he a s semb lage t ype s f ound b u r ied w i th t h em a r e l i s ted b e low :

N o .

A s semb lage I Ia ( 1 .2 ,3 . 1 , 5 . 10 , 5 . 11) I Ib ( 1 ,2 ) I If ( 1 .6 ,7 . 2 ) I Vf 8 V a( 1 .1 , 1 . 2 , 1 . 3 ,3 . 1 ,4 . 3 , 5 . 1) V b 1 .1 V c( 1 .1 , 1 . 2 ,4 . 11) V Ia l V I I

B ead c omb ina t ion s P i nc omb ina t ions D r e s sA cce s so r ie s +V e s se l s P o t +B ox +K n if e +P in + K ey s K n if e c omb ina t ion s B e l t /Buck le B e l t /Kn if ec omb ina t ion s Me ta lF i t t ing s N oG rave G ood s

% o fa ge g roup

6 2 2 1 1 3 1 5 1 2 2

1 .3 3 . 8 3 . 8 1 . 9 2 4 .5 1 . 9 9 . 4 1 . 9 4 1 .5

O f3 1 c h i ld ren i nt h is a ge g roup w ho h ad g rave g ood s , 1 2w e re a ccompan ied b y f ema le l ink ed a r tef ac t s ( bead s , d r es s a cce s so r ie s , k ey s ) , w h i l s t 1 9 h ad n on -gende r s pec if ic a r tef ac t s . P re sumab ly t h e m a jo r i ty o ft h el a t te rw e r eb oy s . T he r a nge o fa r tef ac tt ype sa s soc ia ted w i th 6 12 y ea ro l d s w a s a sf o l low s :

Ch i ldr en a ged 6 12 y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tef ac tt ype s B uck le ; k n if e ; b ead s ; p in ; k ey s ; i r on r od ; c opper a l loy r i ng ; p o t ; w ooden b ox ; wooden v e s se l ; i v ory b ag r i ng ; s p ind le -whor l ; c ha in ; t oy . T h i sr e p resen t s af a r l e s s e x ten s ive r ange o fa r tef ac t t y pe s t h an w a s f ound w i th y ounge r c h i ld ren , w i th t h e c omp le te a b sence o f w eapon s , b rooche s , p endan t s o r g l a s s v e s se l s b e ing p a r t icu la r ly n o tab le . Whe the r t h i s r ep re sen t s a n a c tua l p a t ter n , o r i sj u s t t h e r e su l t o f at oo s ma l l s amp le , i sn o t c l ea r , a l though t h e n umbe r s o fc h i ld r en a ged b e tween 6 12 y ea r s w a s v i r tua l ly t h e s ame a st h e n umbe r a ged 1 6 ( 5 3 c ompa red t o5 4 i n d iv idua l s ) .

2 29

C hap te r 1 6

Among t h o se i n d iv idua l s b u r ied w i th f ema le l i nked a r t ef a c t s , o v e r h a lf h ad b ead s . B ead s t h e r ef o r e r e p r e sen t t h e p r obab le a r t ef a c t k i t ( o b jec t s f o und i no ve r 5 0% o fb u r ia l s w i th g r ave g ood s ) f o r g i r l s a g ed b e tween 6 12 y ea r s . O ft h e r ema in ing c h i ld r en i nt h i s a ge g r oup w i th g r av e g ood s , t h e m a jo r i ty h ad a tl e a s t ak n if e , a nd t h i sp r obab ly r e p r e sen t st h ea r tef a c tk i tf o rb oy sa ged b e tween 6 12 . O u to f1 8c h i ld r en i nt h i s a g eg r oup w i th ar e co rded b u r ia l p o s tu r e , o n ly 4( 1b u r ied w i th ab uck le , t h e o t he r s w i thou ta ny g r ave g ood s ) w e re b u r ied i n af l exed p o s i t ion . T h ree w e r e o n t h e i rb a ck s w i th l e g s f l ex ed ,a nd o n ly o ne ( Oz eng e l l7 6 , w h ich c on ta ined n og r ave g ood s ) l a yo n i t s( l ef t ) s i de . Ah i ghe rn umbe r o fb a r row s , g r av e s t ruc tu re s a nd c off in s w e r e f o und a s soc ia ted w i th c h i ld r en o ft h i s a ge g r oup t h an w i th y oung e rc h i ld ren . T h i s m ay r e f lec t ad i f f e ren tc h rono log ica l d i s t r ibu t ion t h an t h a t o ft h e y ounge r a ge g roup s , s ome th ing a l so s ugg e s ted b y t h e a b sence o f w eapon s a nd b r ooche s i n a s soc ia t ion w i th t h e se c h i ld r en . I fs o , t h i s i sp robab ly m e r e ly a n a noma ly o ft h e s amp le , r a the r t h an a r e f lec t ion o fr e a lp a t t e rn s . N oa n ima lr ema in so ro t he rt y pe so fd epo s i t sw e r ef o und i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h e se c h i ld r en .

T ab le 1 33 : Ch i ldren a ced 6 12 A s semb lage C la s s

e ar s -S umma .

N umber o fc a se sw i th : T o ta l

B u r ia l P o s tu r e O the r E x tended S up ine P o s tu r e

B a r row s

G rave S t ruc tu r e s

I I 5 1 I I 1 0 1 I V 1 3 1 9 5 1 V V I 1 2 3 3 2 2 V I I 1 4 4 6 T o ta l 5 3 Mean Ax i s : 1 06° Mean S ta ture a sp ercen tage o fg rave l e ng th : A r tefac tK i t( A l l ) : Kn if e A r tef ac tK i t( d ) : Kn if e? A r tefac tK i t( 9) : B ead s O ther No te s : A l lc off in su nbu rn t

C off in s

V e ry L a rg e G rave

A n ima l R ema in s

O the r D epo s i t s

3 4 1 1

1 3 1 1

1 1 1

-

-

9

6

3

-

-

6 7%

T h e r e w e re 5 2 i n d iv idua l s i nt h e s amp le w ho se a g e a td ea th w a s e s t ima ted t ob e b e tw een 1 2 18 y ea r s . S ome 2 3 o ft h e se s k e le ton sh ad b een s e xed ; 8w e r er e co rded a sb e ing m a le o rp r obab ly m a le ,w h i l s tt h e r ema inde rw e r ef ema le o rp r obab ly f ema le . T he re w e r e 1 2 a s semb lage s a s soc ia ted w i th t h i s a g e g r oup t h a t c on ta ined o b jec t s l i nk ed t o f ema le g ende r ( b rooche s , p endan t s , b ead s , k ey s , e t c ) a nd 6 w eapon b u r ia l s t h a t w e r e p re sumab ly t h o se o f y oung m a le s . T he r ema in ing a s semb lag e s w e r e n o t g ende r s p ec if i c . F o rt h e p u rpo se s o fe s tab l i sh ing t h ea r t ef ac tk i t s f o rt h i s a ge g r oup ( s ee b e low ) , t h e n on -gende r s p ec if i c a s semb lage s a r e a s sumed t ob e d i v ided b e tween t h es exe ss ot h a t ar ough ly 5 0 /50 m a le /f ema le d i v i s ion i sr e a ched ( t ha ti s ,2 1 m a le s ,2 2 f ema le sw i th g r ave g ood s ) . T he a s semb lag et y pe s f o und i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h i sa g eg r oup a r el i s ted b e low :

2 30

C hap t e r 1 6

A s semb lage

N o .

I a( 2 .2 ,4 . 1 , 4 . 2 ) I b 1 .8 I d 1 .1 I a( 2 . 14 ,3 . 3 , 5 . 13) I l b( 2 .3 ,2 . 8 ,2 . 13) I c3 .4 I la ( 1 .2 ,2 . 10 ) I Ib l I Ie4 .8 I Va l I Ve4 V a( 1 .1 , 1 . 2 , 5 . 3 ) V b2 .1 V c( 1 .3 ,2 .4 , 3 . 11) V Ic 13 V I I

S pea rc omb ina t ion s S h ie ld +B uck le + K n if e +B ox S eax S i ng le b rooch c omb ina t ion s 2b rooch c omb ina t ion s 3B rooche sc omb ina t ion B ead c omb ina t ion s P in D re s sA cce s so ry c omb ina t ion P o t Wooden V e s se l +P u r se +K n if e +B e l t

K n if e c omb ina t ion B uck le +P in B e l t +K n if ec omb ina t ion S ha rpen ing S t ee l N oG rave G ood s

% o fa ge g roup

4 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 7 1 3 1 9

7 . 7 1 . 9 1 . 9 5 . 8 5 . 8 1 . 9 5 . 8 1 . 9 1 . 9 3 . 8 1 . 9 3 2 .7 1 . 9 5 . 8 1 . 9 1 7 .3

T h er a nge o fo b jec tt ype s f o und w i th t h o se a ged b e tween 1 2 18 y ea r sw a s a sf o l low s :

J uven i le s a ged 1 2 -18 y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tefac tt ype s S eax ; s h ie ld ; s pear ; b uck le ; k n if e ; K en t i sh D i sc b rooch ; S quare -Headed b rooch ; R ad ia te -Headed b rooch ; B u t ton b rooch ; R ose t te B rooch ; Open -work R o se t te b rooch ; S aucer b rooch ; Annu lar b rooch ; S i lver p endan t ; b eads ; p in ; s i lver r i ng ; b race le t ; wr i s t -c la sp ; g o ld t hread ; k ey s /g ird le -comp lex ; c ha te la ine ; i r on r od ; i r on r i ng ; c opper a l loy r i ng ; t weezer s ; i r on s poon ; s p ind le -whor l ; n eed le ; c h i se l ; s harpen ing s t ee l ; c o in ; l e ad d i sc ; p o t ; g l a s s C one B eaker ; wooden v e s se l ; w ooden b ox ; p ur se /bag . T he r a nge o fo b jec t t ype s d epo s i ted w i th t ho se i nt h is a ge g roup i sc on s ide rab ly mo re e x ten s ive t h an w a s f o und w i th y ounge r i n d iv idua l s . I np a r t icu la r , t h e n umbe r a nd t ypes o fb rooche s i sm uch g r ea te r , a l though n oj uven i le w a s f ound w i th m o re t h an t h r ee b rooche s . O ve rh a lf o ft h e4 3 b u r ia l s w i th g r ave g ood s i nt h is a ge g roup c on ta ined ak n if e , a nd , a s sum ing a n e ven d i v i s ion b e tween t h e s exe s i nt h i s a ge g roup , k n ive s w e re t h e o n ly o b jec t s t o b e d epo s i ted w i th o ve r h a lf o fe ach g ende rw ho h ad g r ave g ood s . O u to f3 1 r e co rded b u r ia lp o s tu re s w i th in t h is a ge g roup , 7( 22 .6% ) w e re s up ine w i th l e g s f l exed . T h i s p ropo r t ion o ff l exed b u r ia l s i ss im i la rt ot h a t f ound a mong t h e p rev iou s a ge g roup ( 6 12 y ea r o l d s ) , a s i st h ep r eponde rance o ft h e f l exed s up ine p o s i t ion , a so ppo sed t ot h e b ody l y ing o n i t s s i de ( wh ich w a s m o r ec ommon a mong t ho se a ged u nde r 6y ea r s ) . O n ly o ne b u r ia l i nt h is g roup h ad e v idence o f ab a r row mound ( unde r 2% o ft h e t o ta l ) , b u t7 ,i n c lud ing 2w eapon g rave s , h ad s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu re s , a nd 6h ad c off in s . I nt wo o ft h e l a t te r g rave s ( Ma rga te I2 3 , a nd M in s te rI V 1 ) ,t h e ' c off in s ' a c tua l ly c on s i s ted o fw ha tw e re p o s s ib ly s e c t ion so fb oa tp l ank ing . T h r ee o ft h e se b u r ia l s , i n c lud ing o ne w eapon a nd o ne b rooch g rave , w e re i ng rave s w i th a tl e a s t o ne v e ry l a rge d imen s ion . N one o ft h i s a ge g roup w e re f ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th a n ima l r ema ins , a nd o n ly o ne ( Po lh i l l 5 6 ) c on ta ined a ny o t he rd epo s i t s , i nt h is c a se c ha rcoa l f r agmen t s .

2 31

C hap te r 1 6

T ab le 1 34 : J uven i le s a g ed 1 2 -18 _ A s semb lage C la s s

T o t a l

B u r i a lP o s t u r e E x t e nd ed O t h e r S u p in e P o s t u r e

e ar s -S umma .

N umber o fc a se sw i th : B a r r ow s G r a v e C o f f in s S t r u c t u r e s

I 2 1 6 I 7 3 1 I I 5 3 I V 3 V 2 1 1 3 2 1 V I 1 1 3 2 WI 9 T o ta l 5 2 2 4 7 1 Mean Ax i s : 9 2° Mean S ta ture a sp ercen tage o fg rave l e ng th : A r tef ac tK i t( A l l ) : Kn if e A r tefac tK i t( 3 ) : Kn if e A r tefac tK i t( Y) : Kn if e O ther N o te s : A l lc off in su nbu rn t . Two g r ave s p l ank ing .

2 1 4 7

1 5 6

V e r y L a r g e G r a v e

A n im a l R em a i n s

O t h e r D epo s i t s

1 1 1 -

_

-

-

1 -

3

-

1

8 5 .8%

c on ta ined p oss ib le s ec t ion so fb oa t

T he r ew e re at o ta l o f2 28 i n d iv idua ls i nt h e s amp le w ho se a ge a td ea th w a s a s se ssed a sb e ing b e tween 1 8 -30 y ea r s . O ft h e se , 9 7 w e re s exed a sm a le o rp robab ly m a le o n t h e b a s is o fs ke le ta l e v idence , a nd 1 08 a sf ema le o rp robab ly f ema le ( e qua t ing t o4 7% m a le s , 5 3% f ema le s ) . T he n umbe ra nd t ype s o fg rave g ood a s semb lage s f ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th m embe r s o ft h i s a ge g roup a r e l i s ted b e low :

A s semb lage

N o .

I a( 1 . 1 ,2 . 1 ,2 . 7 ,3 . 1 ,4 . 1 ,4 . 5 6 ,4 . 17 ,4 . 2 4 ,5 . 10 ) I b( 1 .6 ,2 . 1 ,3 . 1 ,4 . 1 , 5 . 1) I c( 1 . 1 ,1 . 6 ,2 . 3 ,3 . 4 ,4 . 1 1 ,4 . 13 ,4 . 14 ,4 . 2 3 ,4 . 26 ) I d( 1 .5 ,2 . 3 ,2 . 11) I f 1 .7 I a( 11 ,2 . 2 ,2 . 8 ,2 . 15 ,2 . 16 ,2 . 18 ,3 . 2 ,4 . 9 ,4 . 16 ,4 . 20 ,

S pea rc omb ina t ion 1 8 S h ie ld c omb ina t ion 8 S wo rd c omb ina t ion 1 0 S eax c omb ina t ion 3 A r row +B uck le 1 4 . 2 5 ,5 . 1 ,5 . 1 5 ,5 . 17 ,5 . 2 1 ) 1 6 S i ng le b rooch c omb ina t ion I b( 2 .1 ,2 . 6 , 2 . 9 ,2 . 10 ,2 . 12 ,4 . 7 , 6 . 1 , 6 . 9 ) 2b rooch c omb ina t ion 8 I c( 1 . 1 ,3 . 5 ) 3b rooch c omb ina t ion 2 I d( 1 .6 , 1 . 7 , 3 . 3 ,4 . 1 ,4 . 2 ,4 . 6 ) 4 5 b rooch c omb ina t ion 6 H e( 2 . 10 ,2 . 12 ,2 . 14 ,4 . 4 ,4 . 14 ,4 . 18 ,4 . 2 2 ,4 . 24 ,4 . 2 7 ) P endan t s /B rac tea te s 9 I na ( 1 . 1 , 1 . 2 ,2 . 1 ,2 . 2 ,2 . 3 ,2 . 4 ,2 . 8 ,2 . 13 ,4 . 1 ,4 . 2 ) B ead c omb ina t ion 1 4 I Ib3 P i n +W i r e 1 I Id l S i lve rf i nge rr i ng 2 Me ( 1 .1 , 1 . 3 , 1 . 6 , 1 . 10 ,2 . 1 ,2 . 2 ,2 . 14 ,4 . 3 ) B ead s /d r e s s a cce s so r ie s 8 I If ( 4 .3 ,6 . 5 , 7 . 3 , 7 . 6 ) B ead s +c on ta ine r s 4 I Va ( 1 , 3 ,4 ) P o tc omb ina t ion 4 I Vc ( 1 ,5 ,8 ) G la s s v e s se lc omb ina t ion 3 I Vd4 B ucke tc omb ina t ion 1 I Vf 9 C o n eB e a k e r +P u r s e +K n i f e 1 V a( 1 . 2 ,2 . 1 ,2 . 13 ,3 . 1 ,3 . 6 ,3 . 8 ,5 . 5 ,5 . 8 ,5 . 10 ,5 . 13 ) K n if ec omb ina t ion 2 6 V b( 1 .1 , 1 . 2 ) B e l tc omb ina t ion 5 VC( 1 . 1 2 ,2 . 5 7 ,3 . 7 8 ,4 . 1 ,4 . 5 ,4 . 15 ,4 . 17 ,4 . 2 1 ) B e l t /Kn if e c omb ina t ion 1 9 V Ia ( 1 ,2 ) F i t t ing s /f ragmen t s 5 V Ib ( 1 ,7 ,9 ,1 ) K ey c omb ina t ion 4 V Ic 14 S p ind le -who r l +f r agmen t 1 V I I N oG rave G ood s 4 7

2 32

% o fa ge g roup 7 . 9 3 . 5 4 . 4 1 . 3 0 . 4 7 3 . 5 0 . 9 2 . 6 3 . 9 6 . 1 0 . 4 0 . 9 3 . 5 1 . 8 1 . 8 1 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 4 1 .4 2 . 2 8 . 3 2 . 2 1 . 8 0 . 4 2 0 .6

C hap t e r 1 6

O ft h e 1 8 1 a s semb lage s o fg r ave g ood s a s soc ia ted w i th t h is g r oup , 7 5 c on ta ined a r tef ac t s l i nked t o f ema le g ende r , w h i l s t4 0 c on ta ined w eapon s . T he r e i se v idence t h a tt h e a ppa r en t ly h i gh p r opo r t ion o f f ema le s i nt h i s a ge g roup m ay r e f lec t a n a c tua l p a t te r n , s i nce m a le s w e r e i nt h e m a jo r i ty a mong t h e o l d e r a ge g roup s , i mp ly ing t h a t t h ey h ad al o nge r l i f e e xpec tancy ( s ee c hap t e r 1 2 ) . C omb in ing t h e e v idence o fs k e le ta l r ema in s a nd g r ave g ood s ( among t h e 1 8 1 i n d iv idua l s w i th g r ave g ood s i nt h i s a g e g r oup ) p roduced f i gu re s o f 6 9 p r obab le m a le s , 1 0 1 p r obab le f ema le s , a nd 1 w ho se s e x w a s n o t d e t e rm ined . I ft h e l a t te r 1 i n d iv idua l s a r e a s sumed t ob e m a le , t h i s p roduce s af i gu re o f4 4% m a le s , 5 6% f ema les , a mong t h o se w i th g r ave g ood s . I fa l 1 w e r e f ema le s , t h e f i gu r e s w ou ld b e 3 8% m a le s , 6 2% f ema le s . I ne i the r c a se , i ts e em s t h a t ah i ghe r p r opo r t ion o fw omen t h an m en i nt h i s a g e g r oup w e r eb u r ied w i th g r ave g ood s . F o rt h ep u rpo se o fd ef in ing t h e a r tef ac tk i t s( a r tef a c t so ccu r r ing i no ve r 5 0% o fb u r ia l sw i th g r ave g ood s ) f o rm en a nd w omen i nt h i s a g e g r oup , t h e 1 u n sexed b u r ia l s a r en o t c oun t ed , s i nce t h et r ue r a t io o ft h eg end e r s b u r ied w i th g r ave g ood s i sn o tc l ea r( s ee b e low ) . G iven t h e a ppa r en t ly s t rong b i a s t owa rd s f ema le s a mong t h o se w i th g r ave g ood s , i ti sp robab le t h a t ah i ghe r p r opo r t ion o fm a le st h an f ema le sw e r eb u r ied w i thou ta ny g r ave g ood sa ta l . T h e r a nge o fa r t ef a c t t y pe s f o und w i th m en a nd w omen b e tween t h e a ge s o f l8 30 y ea r s a td ea th a r e l i s t ed b e low :

Men a ged 1 8 -30 y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tefac tt ype s Sword ; s eax ; s h ie ld ; a rrow ; s pear ; b e l t /buck le ; k n if e ; p in ; s hoe lace t ag ; i r on r i ng ; c opper a l loy r i ng ; c o mb ; a w l ; c h i se l ; b a lance ; R oman c o in s ; l y re? ; i r on s haf t s ; wooden r od ; p o t ; g l a s s C law B eaker ; c opper a l loy b ow l ; wooden b ox ; p ur se ; f l in t . Women a ged 1 8 -30 y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tefac tt ype s C ompo s i te D i sc b rooch ; K en t i sh D i sc b rooch ; F rank i sh D i sc b rooch ; D i sc b rooch ; F rank i sh R o se t te b rooch ; K en t i sh S quare -headed b rooch ; F rank i sh S quare -headed b rooch ; R ad ia te -headed b rooch ; App l ied S aucer b rooch ; B u t ton b rooch ; B ird b rooch ; An ima l b rooch ; S -brooch ; Annu lar b rooch ; T hur ing ian B ow b rooch ; B ow b rooch ; R oman / im i ta t ion R oman b rooch ; g o ld B rac tea te ; g o ld c o in p endan t ; g o ld p endan t ; s i lver c o in p endan t ; s i lver p endan t ; c opper a l loy p endan t ; b one p endan t ; k n if e ; b e l t /buck le ; b ead s ; p in ; g o ld f i nger r i ng ; s i lver f i nger r ing ; c opper a l loy f i nger r i ng ; s i lver n eck lace r i ng ; b race le t ; a rm le t ; g o ld b ra id ; i r on r i ng ; c opper a l loy r i ng ; b one r i ng ; k ey / la tch l if ter ; g i rd le h anger /comp lex ; c ha te la ine ; i r on r od s /hook s ; c o mb ; t weezer s ; c o sme t ic b ru sh ; i r on s poon ; s i lver s poon ; c ry s ta l b a l l ; whe t s tone ; s harpen ing t oo l ; f i re s tee l ; s hear s ; weav ing b a t ten ; s p ind le -whor l ; n eed le ; w eav ing i mp lemen t ; p o t ; g l a ss C one B eaker ; g la ss C law B eaker ; g l a s s B e l l B eaker ; g l a ss B ow l ; g l a s s B o t t le ; c opper a l loy b ow l ; w ooden b ucke t ; w ooden b ox ; wooden v e sse l ; b ag , /pur se ; w orkbox ; R oman i n tag l io ; R oman c o in ; C owr ie s he l l ; f o s s i l ; i r on p yr i te s ; b one d i sc ; g arne ts l ice . C lea r ly , t h e r a ng e o f a r t ef a c t s b u r ied w i th t h i s a g e g r oup w a s mo re e x ten s ive t h an w i th y ounge r i n d iv idua l s . F u r thermo re , t h e r a ng e o fo b jec t s d epo s i t ed w i th w omen w a s s i gn if ican t ly g r ea t e r t h an w a s t h e c a se w i th m en . T he a r tef ac t k i t f o r w omen w a s b ead s a nd k n if e , a nd f o r m en ak n if e o n ly . H oweve r ,j u s tu nde rh a lf o ft h em en w i th g r ave g ood sh ad ab uck le o ro t he rb e l tf i t t ing s , a nd j u s tu nde r h a lf h ad as pea r . Among w omen , b u r ia l s c on ta in ing b r ooche s a nd /o r p endan t s t e nded t oi n c lude t h e m o s ta r tef a c tt y pe s . T he m a jo r i ty o fa r tef a c tt y pe sa s soc ia ted w i th w omen o ft h i sa ge g r oup w e r ef o und i nt h e se g r ave s ; v e ry f ew t y pe sw e r ef o und i no t he rg r ave s ,b u tn o t i nt h o se w i th b rooche so rp endan t s . T h e p r opo r t ion o fa du l t s i nt h i s a ge g r oup w ho w e r e b u r ied i n ap o s i t ion o t he r t h an e x t ended s up ine w a s s ma l l c ompa red t ot h a t a mong s ub -adu l t s ( j u s t u nde r 1 2% ) . H oweve r , t h e h i ghe s t p ropo r t ion s o f f l ex ed b u r ia l s w e r e a mong w omen w i th b r ooche s o r o t he r d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s . O n ly o ne m an w i th a

2 33

C hap te r 1 6

w eapon ( f rom P o lh i l l g r av e 3 1 , w h ich c on t a ined w ha t w a s p r obab ly as pea r s o cke t a nd ak n if e ) w a s f o und i n af l exed p o s i t ion . A r e la t ive ly h i gh p ropo r t ion o f a du l t s a ged 1 8 -30 h ad a b a r row , g r ave s t ruc tu re , a nd /o r c off in . H oweve r , o n ly 2w e re b u r ied i nu nu sua l ly l a rg e g r ave s , al owe r p r opor t ion t h an a ny o t he r a ge g r oup ( s ee T ab le 1 35 b e low ) . Two w eapon b u r ia l s ( O rp ing ton 3 8 a nd 7 8 ) , c on ta ined a n ima l r ema in s ( ah o r se p e lv i s a nd a t la s , a nd s ome s h eep t e e th r e spec t ive ly ) . L ym ing e 11 3 , t h e b u r ia l o f ay oung w oman w i th ag l a s s b o t t le , b e l t a nd k n if e , a l so c on ta ined a na n ima lt o o th ( p robab ly s h eep ) . Two b u r ia l s , b o th w eapon g r ave s ( Monk ton 11 9a nd F i ng le sham 2 04 ) , c on ta ined o rgan ic r ema in s ( c u t g r a s s i mp r e s s ion s , a nd ? nu ts h e l l sr e spec t ive ly ) .

T ab le 1 35 : Adu l t s ae d 1 8 -30 A s semb lage C la s s

e ar s - S umma .

N umber o fc a se sw i th : T o ta l

B u r ia l P o s tu re E x tended O the r S up ine P o s tu re

B a r row s

G rave S t ruc tu r e s

C off in s

V e ry L a rg e G rave

1 4 4 I 4 0 2 8 1 3 4 3 I 1 5 3 4 3 2 6 1 1 5 3 I I 2 9 2 2 9 4 I V 2 8 4 2 9 9 V 5 0 3 2 V I 7 1 0 1 4 8 2 1 5 V I I 4 7 2 28 1 3 0 2 9 T o ta l 18 1 6 Mean A x i s : 9 9 ° Mean S ta ture a sp ercen tage o fg rave l e ng th : 7 8 .3 % A r tef ac tK i t( A l l ) : K n if e A r tef ac tK i t( d ) : Kn if e A r tefac tK i t( 9) : Kn if e +B ead s O ther N o te s : S ign if ican t ly mo re w omen t h an m en b u r ied w i th =b e tween 5 6 -62% o ft hose w i th g rave g ood s? ) . 2 0u nbu rn tc off in s , 8b u rn t , 1b oa tp lank ing .

A n ima l R ema in s

O the r D epo s i t s

1 1 -

2 1 -

2 -

2

3

2

g rave g ood s ( women

T he r ew e r e2 15 a du l t s i nt h e s amp le w ho se a ge a td ea th w a s e s t ima ted t ob e b e tween 3 0 -50 y ea r s . O f t h e se , 1 06 w e r e s e xed a sm a le o rp r obab ly m a le , a nd 8 6 a sf ema le o rp r obab ly f ema le ( ad i v i s ion o f 5% t o4 5% ) . T he r ew e r e4 6 b u r ia l s c on ta in ing w eapon s , a nd 5 4 c on ta in ing f ema le l inked a r t ef ac t s . C omb in ing t h e s k e le ta l e v idence w i th t h a t o fg r ave g ood s , t h e r e w e r e 8 0 m en w i th g r ave g ood s , 7 6 w omen , a nd 9 i n d iv idua l sw ho se s ex c ou ld n o tb ed e te rm ined f r om s k e le ta l e v idence o rg r ave g ood s . F o rt h ep u rpo se o fd ef in ing t h e a r tef a c t k i t s f o r m en a nd w omen i nt h i s a g e g r oup ( s ee b e low ) , t h e 9u n sexed b u r ia l s w i th g r ave g ood sa r ed i scoun ted . T he d if e r en ta s semb lage t y pe sf o und w i th t h e3 0 -50 a g eg r oup a r el i s ted b e low :

2 34

C hap t e r 1 6

A s semb lage

N o .

S pea rc omb ina t ion I b( 1 . 1 , 1 . 4 ,2 . 1 , 3 . 1 , 3 . 6 , 5 . 1 , 5 . 2 , 5 . 5 ) S h ie ld c omb ina t ion I c( 2 . 10 ,2 . 13 ,4 . 3 ,4 . 5 ,4 . 13 ,4 . 15 ,4 . 27 , 5 . 1 , 5 . 2 , 5 . 4 ) S wo rd c omb ina t ion I d( 1 .2 , 1 . 4 ,2 . 5 -7 ) S eax c omb ina t ion H a( 2 . 1 ,2 . 12 ,2 . 15 ,4 . 3 ,4 . 5 ,4 . 6 , 5 . 9 , 5 . 10 , 5 . 20 , 6 . 9 ) 1b rooch c omb ina t ion I b( 2 .7 ,3 . 2 ,4 . 1 , 5 . 1 ,6 . 3 , 6 . 10 ) 2b rooch c omb ina t ion I c( 1 .2 , 1 . 3 , 1 . 4 ) 3b rooch c omb ina t ion I d( 1 .4 -5 , 3 . 1-2 , 3 . 9 , 5 . 2 , 5 . 3) 4 -6 b rooch c omb ina t ion H e( 2 .1 ,2 . 4 ,2 . 6 ,4 . 5 ) P endan tc omb ina t ion Ma ( 1 .2 ,2 . 5 -6 ,4 . 1-2 ,4 . 6 ) B ead c omb ina t ion I Ib l P in Id2 I r on f i nge rr i ng H ie ( 1 .4 -5 , 1 . 9 ,2 . 1 , 3 . 6 ,3 . 7 ) B ead s /D re s s A cce s so r ie s If ( 4 .5 ,6 . 6 ) B ead s +B ox c omb ina t ion I Va ( 1 ,2 ,5 ) P o tc omb ina t ion I Vf l P o t +G la s s V e s se l V a( 1 .1 2 ,2 . 12 ,2 . 57 ,2 . 11 ,3 . 1 , 5 . 1 , 5 . 6 , 5 .1 3 ) K n if e c omb ina t ion V b( 1 .1 -2 ,2 . 2 ,3 . 3 ) B e l tc omb ina t ion V c( 1 .1 3 ,2 . 1 , 2 . 3 ,2 . 8 ,3 . 1 , 3 . 3 ,3 . 5 ,3 . 91 0 ,4 . 4 ,4 . 8 ,4 . 16 ,4 . 18 ) B e l t /Kn if ec omb ina t ion V Ia 1 Me ta l f i t t ing s /f ragmen t s V Ib8 G i rd le -hange r V I I N oG rave G ood s

1 7 1 2 1 2 5 1 6 3 7 4 6 1 1 6 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 2 9

7 . 9 5 . 6 5 . 6 2 . 3 5 . 1 2 . 8 1 . 4 3 . 3 1 . 9 2 . 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 2 . 8 0 . 9 1 . 9 0 . 5 1 .2 5 . 6 1 3 .5

1 1 5 0

0 . 5 0 . 5 2 3 .3

I a ( 2 . 1-2 ,2 . 6 ,4 . 1 ,4 . 9 ,4 . 11 ,4 . 18 , 5 . 1 , 5 . 5 )

% o fa ge g roup

T he r a nge o fa r tef ac tt ype sf ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th 3 0 -50 y ea ro ld s w a s a sf o l low s :

Men a ged 3 0 -50 y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tef ac tt ype s S word ; s eax ; a xe ; b i l l -hook ; s h ie ld ; s pear ; b e l t /buck le ; k n if e ; s hoe lace t ag ; p in ; t weezer s ; s harpen ing s t ee l ; s hear s ; i r on r i ng ; c opper a l loy r ing ; i r on r od ; b ead ; c o in ; p o t ; g l a s s B ow l ; g l a s s B e l l B eaker ; g l a s s C one B eaker ; wooden v e s se l ; p ouch /pur se . Women a ged 3 0 -50 y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tefac tt ype s K en t i sh D i sc b rooch ; D i sc b rooch ; R o se t te b rooch ; S quare -Headed b rooch ; R ad ia te -Headed b rooch ; B u t ton b rooch ; Annu lar b rooch ; B ow b rooch ; C ruc iform b rooch ; B ird b rooch ; S -brooch ; Qua trefo i l b rooch ; Go ld b rac tea te ; S i lver p endan t ; p endan t ; b eads ; p in ; b race le t ; a rm le t ; s i lver f i nger r i ng ; i r on f i nger r ing ; c o s tume r i ng ; g o ld b ra id ; b e l t /buck le ; k n if e ; s hoe lace t ag ; k ey ; i r on r od ; g i rd le -hanger /comp lex ; c ha te la ine ; t o i le t s e t ; e ar s coop ; c omb ; t weezer s ; h one ; f i re s tee l ; s p ind le -whor l ; n eed le ; i r on r i ng ; c opper a l loy r ing ; c ry s ta l b a l l ; p o t ; g la ss C law B eaker ; g l a s s P a lm C up ; w ooden b ucke t ; wooden b ox ; wooden v e s se l ; c omb c ase ; b ag /pur se ; s word p omme l ; R oman c o in ; R oman w indow g l a s s ; i n scr ibed c ha lk o b jec t ; f o s s i l . T he r ange o f a r tef ac t t ype s d epo s i ted w i th m en a ged b e tween 3 0 -50 y ea r s w a s n o t s i gn if i can t ly d if e r en t t o t h a t d epo s i ted w i th y ounge r m en . H oweve r , t h e n umbe r a nd p ropo r t ion a ccompan ied b y w eapon s w a s g r ea te r a mong 3 0 -50 y ea r o ld s , t h an a mong s t 1 8 -30 y ea r o ld s ( 2 1 .4% o ft h e 3 0 -50 a ge g r oup h ad w eapon s c ompa r ed t o 1 7 .5 % o ft h e 1 8 -30 a ge g roup ) . F u r thermo re , ag rea te r n umbe r o f o l de rm en h ad s wo rd s , s eaxe so rs h ie ld s( 29 c a se s )t h an d i dy ounge rm en ( on ly 2 1 c a se s ) . O ve rh a lf o f o l de r ma le s w i th g rave g ood s h ad as pea r , o r ab e l t , o r ak n if e ; a mong y oung e r m en , t h e a r tef ac t k i t c on s i s ted o f ak n if e o n ly . A s w a s e s tab l ished i nC hap te r 1 4 , b e l t s s e em t o h ave b een much mo r e c ommon a mong s tt h e 3 0 -50 a ge r a nge t h an a mong s t y ounge rg roup s . We l l o ve rh a lf o fa l l i n d iv idua l s

2 35

C hap te r 1 6

w i th g rave g ood s i nt h i s a ge g roup w e re b u r ied w i th b e l t f i t t ing s . T h i s i n c luded w omen i nt h is a ge g roup ; t h e a r tef ac t k i t f o r w omen w i th g r ave g ood s w a s b e l t a nd k n if e . H oweve r , i nm os t o t he r r e ga rd s , t h e w omen o ft h i s a ge g roup w e re b u r ied w i th l e s s q uan t i ty a nd v a r ie ty o fg rave g ood s t h an w e re y ounge r w omen . L es s w e re b u r ied w i th b rooche s , p endan t s ( on ly o ne , t h e woman a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s f r om B uck land g rave 1 ,h ad aB rac tea te ) , d r e s s a cce s so r ie s o r v e s se ls t h an w e re w omen a ged u nde r3 0 . Mo s tn o tab ly , f a rl e ss d r e s s a cce s so r ie s ( b ead s , p i n s , b race le t s , f i nge rr i ng s e t c ) w e re b u r ied w i th o lde r w omen . T he se p a t te rn s c ou ld r ef l ec t d im in i sh ing s t a tu s a mong w omen a s t h ey a ged , o r s imp ly c hang ing t a s te s i nc o s tume a mong o l de r w omen , w i th at r end t owa rd s l e ss o s ten ta t ious u se o f j ewe l le ry . S ince o lde r w omen w e re l e s s w e l l p rov is ioned a c ro s s ar a nge o f c a tego r ie s , n o t j u s t j ewe l le ry ( i nc lud ing w eav ing e qu ipmen t , k ey s / la tch l if t e r s , a nd v e s se ls ) , ac omb ina t ion o ff a c to r s m ay h ave b een r e spons ib le . T he p ropo r t ion o ft ho se p l aced i nu nu sua l b u r ia l p o s tu re s w a s s im i la r a mong s t 3 0 -50 y ea r o l d s t ot h e p ropor t ion a mong y ounge r a du l t s ( 10 .5% a nd 1 .9% r e spec t ive ly ) . H oweve r , o n ly 1i nd iv idua l i nt h e o l de r a ge g roup ( M i l l H i l l 15 9 ) w a s a s soc ia ted w i th a b a r row ( i n t h i s c a se , a s a n i n se r t ion i n a p reh i s to r ic mound ) . T he p ropo r t ion o ft h i s a ge g roup a s soc ia ted w i th g rave s t ruc tu res o rc off in s w a s a l so l e s s t h an a mong s t 1 8 -30 y ea r o l d s . T he re w a s o n ly o ne c a se ( i n P o lh i l l 4 4 ) o f ab ur n t c off in r e co rded i na s soc ia t ion w i th 3 0 -50 y ea r o l d s . B uck land g rave 3 00 , t h e b u r ia l o f aman a ged b e tween 3 0 -40 y ea r s , c on ta ined t wo r ow s o fc l ench b o l t s t h a t m ay h ave b een f r om as e c t ion o fb oa t p l ank ing . T he p ropo r t ion o fo lde ra du l t s b u r ied i na n u nu sua l ly l a rge g r ave ( ag rave w i th a tl e a s t o ne d imen s ion i nt h e t op 1 % o ft h e s amp le ) w a s h i ghe rt h an a mong s t y ounge r a du l t s . T he g rave s o f3 0 -50 y ea r o ld s a l so t e nded t ob e l o nge ri np ropo r t ion t ot h e s t a tu re o ft h e o ccupan t t h an w a s t h e c a se a mong s ty ounge r a du l t s . A t o ta l o f 7a du l t s a ged b e tween 3 0 -50 y ea r s w e r e b u r ied i n g rave s w h ich a l so c on ta ined a n ima l r ema in s , ah ighe r p ropor t ion t h an w i th a l l o t he r a ge g roup s e xcep t i n f an t s u nde r ay ea r o l d . H oweve r , o n ly o ne ( an u n sexed a du l ta ged a bou t 3 5 i nP o lh i l l g r ave 6 1) w a s a s soc ia ted w i th a ny o t he r o rgan ic d epo s i t s , i nt h i s c a se as ma l l a r ea o fc a rbon b e tween t h e l owe r l e g s . T he d a ta o n a s semb lage s a nd o t he rv a r iab le s f o r3 0 -50 y ea r so l d s i ss umma r i sed i nT ab le 1 36 b e low .

T ab le 1 36 : A du l t s a ced 3 0 -50 A s semb lage C la s s

e ar s - S umma .

N umber o fc a se sw i th : T o ta l

B u r ia l P o s tu re E x t ended O the r S up ine P o s tu r e

B a r row s

G rave S t ruc tu r e s

C of f in s

V e ry L a rge G rave

O the r D epo s i t s

1 1 4 1

1 -

2 15 5 7 1 1 8 2 1 1 02 1 2 T o ta l Mean Ax i s : 1 06° Mean S ta ture a s p ercen tage o fg rave l e ng th : 7 6 .5 % A r tef ac tK i t( A l l ) : B e l t +K n if e A r tefac tK i t( d ) : S pea r +B e l t +K n if e A r tefac tK i t( 9) : B e l t +K n if e O ther N o te s : 1 9u nbu rn tc off in s , 1b u rn tc off in , 1s e c t ion o fb oa tp l ank ing .

1

I I I I I V V V I V I I

4 6 3 1 1 6 5 6 5 2 5 0

2 9 1 9 1 3 3 1 1 8

2 2 3 5

1 -

2 3 2 7 4

3 1 1 9 1 6

3 1 1 -

A n ima l R ema in s

T he re w e re o n ly 2 0 i n d iv idua l s i nt h e s amp le w ho se a ge a td ea th w a s t h ough t t o b e g r ea t e r t h an 5 0 y ea r s ( s ee c hap te r 1 2 f o r al i s t o ft h e se g r ave s ) . O ft h e se , h a lf h ad g rave g ood s . O ft h e 1 0 e l de r ly i n d iv idua l s w i th g rave g ood s , 6w e re e i the r s exed a s m a le , o r h ad w eapon s . T he r ema in ing 4 w i th g rave g ood s w e re f ema le s . O ft ho se w i thou tg r ave g ood s , 6w e re s exed a s ma le o rp robab ly m a le , a nd 3a s f ema le . T he s ex o fo ne i n d iv idua l ( Buck land 3 17 ) w a s n o t d e te rm ined . T ak ing b o th s ke le ta l e v idence a nd g rave g ood a s soc ia t ion s i n to a c coun t , t h is g i ve s f i gu re s o f 1 2 m en , 7w omen , a nd o ne u nknown g ende rf o rt h i sa ge g roup .

2 36

C hap t e r 1 6

T h ea s semb lage t y pe sd epo s i t ed w i th t h i sa ge g r oup w e re a sf o l low s :

A s semb lage

N o .

I a 4 .1 I b 3 . 1 I f 1 .9 I a4 .7 I Ia ( 5 .9 , 5 . 14 ) I Id3 V a l .1 V c 1 .1 V I I

S p ea r +B e l t +K n if e S h i e ld +S pea r +K n if e A r row +B uck le s +K n if e B rooch +B ead s +P i n +B uck le +K n if e +P o t

B e ad sc omb ina t ion C oppe rA l loy F i nge rR ing +K n if e +C omb +T r inke t s

K n if e B e l t +K n if e N oG rave G ood s

' ) / 0o fa ge g roup

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 0

5 5 5 5 1 0 5 1 0 5 5 0

T h ea r t ef ac tt y pe sa s soc ia t ed w i th m en a nd w omen o ve rt h ea g eo f5 0 a r el i s ted b e low :

Men a g ed o ver 5 0y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tef ac tt ype s S h ie ld ; a rrow ; s pear ; b e l t /buck le ; k n if e . Women a ged o ver 5 0y ear s : a s soc ia ted a r tef ac tt ype s A nnu lar b rooch ; b ead s ; p in ; c opper a l loy f i nger r i ng ; b uck le ; k n if e ; c omb ; t weezer s ; t o i le ts e t ; c opper a l loy r i ng ; p o t . T ab le 1 37 : Adu l t sa ged 5 0+ e ar s -S umma . A s semb lage C la s s

N umber o fc a se sw i th : T o ta l

B u r ia l P o s tu r e E x tended O the r S up ine P o s tu r e

B a r row s

G rave S t ruc tu re s

1 3 3 I I 1 3 1 I I I V 1 1 3 1 V 1 V I 1 2 V I I 1 0 1 2 6 3 T o ta l 2 0 Mean Ax i s : 9 7 ° Mean S ta ture a sp ercen tage o fg rave l e ng th : 7 8% A r te f ac tK i t( A l l ) : K n if e A r tef ac tK i t( j ) : K n if e A r tef ac tK i t( 9) : B ead s O ther No te s : 1u nbu rn tc off in

C of f in s

1 1

V e ry L a rge G rave

2 2

A n ima l R ema in s

-

O the r D epo s i t s

-

T h e r a nge o f a r tef ac t s d epo s i ted w i th t h i s a ge g r oup w a s v e ry l i m i t ed ( a lbe i t d r awn f r om a s ma l l s amp l e ) . T he l a ck o fs wo rd s o r e l abo ra t ej ew e l le ry ( t he s i ng le b rooch b e ing ac oppe r a loy a nnu la r e xamp le f r om B uck land 3 08 )d oe sn o ts ugge s tt h a tt h o se a ged o ve r5 0r e ce ived a ny s p ec ia lt r ea tmen t i n t h e f u ne ra l r i te c ommen su ra t ew i th t h e i r e x t r eme a g e ( i ndeed , t h e r e ve r se w ou ld a ppea r t oh ave b een t h e c a se ) . H a lf o ft h e m a le s w e r e p rov ided w i th w eapon s , b u t i no ne c a se ( Buck land 1 49 , t h e o n ly w eapon w a s as i ng le a r row . T he a r t ef ac tk i t s f o rm en a nd w omen a ged a bove 5 0y ea r s w e r ek n if e , a nd b ead s ,r e spec t ive ly . A r row s s howed as t rong c o r r e la t ion w i th s ub -adu l t s ( s ee C hap te r 1 4 ) , a nd s e ve ra l o t he r s im i la r i t ie s i n t h et r ea tmen to ft h e v e ry e l de r ly a nd c h i ld r en o rj uven i le s h ave b een n o t ed t h roughou tt h i s a na ly s i s . I n

2 37

C hap te r 1 6

p a r t icu la r ,t h e h igh i n c idence o ff l exed b u r ia l a mong s ub -adu l t s i sm a tched a mong t hose o ve r 5 0 y ea r s o fa ge ( of 9i n d iv idua l so ve r5 0w ho se p o s tu re w a sr e co rded , 3h ad f l exed l imb s ) . N oa n ima lb ones o ro rgan ic d epo s i t sw e re f ound i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h is a ge g roup . T ab le 1 38 b e low s umma r i se s a nd c ompa re s t h e d a ta o n t h e d i f f e ren t a ge g roups d ef ined i n t h i s a na ly s i s .

T o ta l Ma le s F ema le s U n sexed W i th d A r tef ac t s W i th 9 A r tef ac t s ?o rN oA r tef ac t s

3w i th g rave g ood s( e s t ima te ) 9w i th g rave g ood s( e s t ima te )

T ab le 1 38 : C om a ra t ive S ummary o fae r ou s . A ge a td ea th ( y ear s ) 1 2 -18 1 8 -30 0 1 1 6 6 12 3 0 -50 2 28 2 15 9 5 4 5 3 5 2 _ 8 9 7 1 06 _ 1 5 1 08 8 6 2 3 2 3 9 5 4 5 3 2 9 3 6 4 0 4 6 7 5 3 1 6 1 2 1 2 5 4 13 15 6 3 5 4 1 3 4 7 4 8 5 2 1 5 1 5 2 1

I .Weapon s( % ) H .B rooche s( % )

I .Accessories (%) I V . V e s se ls ( % ) V .B e l t s /Kn ive s( % ) V I . O the rI t em s ( % ) V I I .N oA r tef ac t s( % )

I

5 0+ 2 0 1 2 6 2 3 4 1 3 6

3

1 8

1 6

2 2

1 07

8 0

4

-

5 . 6

-

1 .5

1 7 .5

2 1 .4

1 5

1 .1

7 . 4

-

- 1 3 .5

1 8 .9

1 4 .4

1 .1

4 .1 I 2

1 8 .9

9 . 6

1 2 .7

7 . 4

1 5

2 2 .2

9 . 3

1 . 9

5 . 8

3 . 9

2 . 3

-

1 .1

1 3

5 .8 - 3

4 0 .4

2 1 .9

3 0 .2

I 1 5

1 . 9

1 . 9

1 . 9

4 . 4

0 . 9

-

3 8 .9

4 1 .5

1 7 .3

2 0 .6

2 3 .3 B e l t+ K n if e

K n if e

K n if e

-

144.4

I

I

I

I

I

5

5 0

A r tef ac tK i t( A l l )

K n if e

K n if e

K n if e

K n if e

K n if e

A r tef ac tK i t( 6 )

N one?

K n if e?

K n if e?

K n if e

K n if e

A r tef ac tK i t( 9)

B ead s+ K n if e?

B ead s

B ead s

K n if e

B ead s+ K n if e

S pea r+ B e l t+ K n if e B e l t+ K n if e

E x tended S up ine ( % )

5 0

5 8 .3

7 7 .8

7 7 .4

8 8 .1

8 9 .5

6 6 .7

O the rP o s tu r e( % )

5 0

4 1 .7

2 2 .2

2 2 .6

1 .9

1 0 .5

3 3 .3

-

3 . 7

-

-

1 .3 5 . 7

1 . 9 1 . 9

4 . 8 1 . 3

0 . 5 -

5 5

1 .1

3 . 7

3 . 8

1 .5

7

5 . 6

-

3 3 .3

3 . 7

7 . 5

3 . 8

7

3 . 3

1 0

3 .3

7 . 4

1 .3

7 . 7

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 .1

-

5 . 7

3 . 8 5 . 8

8 . 8 3 . 5 0 . 4 0 . 9

8 . 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 2 . 3

5 1 0

?

7 3 .5

6 7

8 5 .8

7 8 .3

7 6 .5

7 8

2 2 .2 1 .1 8 6

1 . 9 8 6

1 06

1 . 9 9 2

1 . 3 0 . 9 9 9

3 . 3 0 . 5 1 06

9 7

B a r row s ( % ) E x t e rna l G rave S t ruc tu r e s( % ) I n t eg ra l G rave S t ruc tu re s( % ) I n t e rna lG rave S t ruc tu re s N C of in s( % ) B u rn tC of f in s( % ) B oa tP l ank ing ( % ) V e ry L a rg eG rave s C A ) Mean S t a tu r ea s%o f G rave L eng th A n ima l R ema in s( % ) O the rD epo s i t s( % ) Mean A x i s( ° )

2 38

B ead s

I

C hap t e r 1 6

T h e a g e a nd s e x o fa n i n d iv idua l c l ea r ly a f f ec t ed t h e i r t r ea tmen t i nt h e m o r tua ry r i t e . T he d e ta i led v a r ia t ion s i n m or tua ry r i t e b e tween t h e a g e g r oup s a r e c omp lex , a nd o u r v i ew o ft h em i sb a sed o n p a r t ia l a nd i n comp le te e v iden ce , f r om a s amp le t h a t , p a r t icu la r ly f o r t h e y oung e s t a nd o l de s t a g e g r oup s , i ss ma l l . N one the le s s , s ome g ene ra l a s pec t s o ft h e t r ea tmen t o ft h e d i f f e ren t g ende r s a nd a g e g r oup s ,b a sed o nt h ee v idence a va i lab le f r om t h es amp le i nq ue s t ion , c an b e i d en t if ied . O na v e rage , m en a ppea rt oh ave e n joyed al o ng e r l i f e e xpec tancy t h an w omen . Women s e em t oh ave b e en m o re l i k e ly t o b e b u r ied w i th g r ave g ood s t h an m en , a t l e a s t u p u n t i l t h e a ge o f a bou t 3 0 . T h e r eaf t e r , t h eq uan t i ty a nd q ua l i ty o fw omen 's g r ave g ood a s semb lag e s g ene ra l ly d ec l ine s , w h i l s tt h a t o fm en i n c r ea se s . Among t h o s ef ew i n d iv idua l sw ho l i v ed b eyond t h ea ge o f5 0y ea r s ,t h e r ea ppea r st o h av e b een a n o v e ra l l d ec r ea s e i nt h e p rov i s ion o f g r ave g ood s . S im i la r i t ie s i nt h e t r ea tmen t o ft h e e l d e r ly a nd c h i ld r en a r e a l so a ppa r en t( mo s tn o tab ly t h e h i gh i n c idence o ff l exed b u r ia l p o s tu r e a mong t h e se a g eg roup s ) . Among c h i ld r en t h em se lve s ,t h e re w a s ag ene ra l ly l ow i n c idence o fw eapon b u r ia l s , b u tr e la t iv e ly h i gh n umbe r s o f g r ave s c on ta in ing d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s s u ch a s b ead s , b r ace le t s , r i ng s , a nd a l so b u r ia l s c on t a in ing p o t s , b oxe s a nd b ag s . O ve ra l l , h oweve r , ah i gh p r opo r t ion o fc h i ld r en u nde r t h e a g e o f 1 2 w e r eb u r ied w i thou t a ny g r av eg ood s a ta l . T he y oung e s t a ge g r oup , t h a t o fi n f an t s u nde r ay ea r o l d , w ou ld a ppea r t oh ave b een u nde r r e p r e sen t ed i nt h e s amp le a l toge the r ( s ee c hap te r 1 2 ) , b u t t h e n i ne i d en t if ied i n f an t s s e em t oh av e r e ce ived r e la t ive ly g ood t r ea tmen t i nt h e m or tua ry r i t e . O ft h e n i ne , s e v en w e re b u r ied w i th g r ave g ood s a nd /o r c off in s , a nd t h r ee h ad g r ave s t ruc tu r e s . I fi n f an t s w e r e g en e r a l ly e xc luded f r om t h en o rma l b u r ia l g r ound s t h en t h o se t h a t w e r e p r e sen t m ay h ave b een m a in ly f r om h i gh s t a tu s f am i l ie s . H oweve r , t h e a ppa r en t u nde r r ep r e sen ta t ion o fi n f an t s m ay b e d ue t ot h e i r p oo r v i s ib i l i ty i nt h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd ; s ma l l , s h a l low g r ave s c on ta in ing n o b one s o r o n ly m i lk t e e th a r ee a s i ly m i s sed b ya l b u tt h em o s tc a ref u le xcava to r s . T h ep r ov i s ion o fg r ave g ood s , a nd p o s i t ion ing o ft h eb ody , s h ow f a i r ly c on s i s ten tp a t t e rn s i nr e la t ion t o a g e ;q uan t i ty , d i ve r s i ty a nd q ua l i ty o fg r ave g ood s i n c r ea se sw i th a ge , p eak ing b e tween 3 0 -50 f o rm en , a nd 1 8 -30 f o rw omen , w i th ad e c l ine a mong b o th s e xe sb eyond t h e a ge o f5 0 . T he i n c idence o ff l ex ed b u r ia ld ec l ine s w i th a ge u n t i l t h e a ge o f5 0 ; t h e r eaf t e r i ti n c r ea se s s ha rp ly . H oweve r , t h e p r ov i s ion o f m od if i ca t ion s t o a nd d epo s i t ion s i n , g r ave s , a nd g r ave d imen s ion s , s how mo r e m ixed p a t t e rn s i n r e la t ion t oa ge . N o c l ea r p a t t er n i nt h e p rov i s ion o fb a r row s , g r ave s t ruc tu r e s o rc off in s w a s a ppa r en t a mong t h e s ub -adu l t a g e g r oup s . Among a du l t s , s u ch f e a tu r e s a ppea r t oh ave b een mo re f r equen t ly p r ov id ed t ot h o se u nde rt h ea g eo f3 0 ,t h an t h ey w e r et oo l d e ra du l t s . T h i s c ou ld b et a ken t oi mp ly t h a t e f f o r te xpended o nt h e f u ne ra lr i t ew a s g r ea t e rf o rt h o se a g ed b e tween 1 8 -30 y ea r s , t h an a mong s tt h o se a g ed o ve r 3 0 . H oweve r , w hen t h e s i ze o fg r ave s i st a k en i n to a c coun t , t h e r e ve r se i st h e c a se ; a du l t s a g ed o ve r 3 0 s e em t oh ave b een m o r e f r equen t ly b u r ied i nv e ry l a rge g r ave s , a nd t oh ave h ad g r ave s l o ng e r i np ropo r t ion t ot h e i r s t a tu r e , t h an w e r e y oung e r a du l t s . A du l t s a ged 3 0 -50 w e r e a l so m uch m o r el i ke ly t oh ave a n ima l r ema in s p l a ced i nt h e i rg r ave s t h an w e re y ounge r ( o ro l de ra du l t s ) . A s w a s s ugg e s ted a bov e , t h e r e la t ion sh ip o ft h e v a r iou s a s pec t s o fm o r tua ry r i t ua l w i th g ende r a nd a g e w a s c l ea r ly ac omp lex o ne . i . 3 . S oc ia ls t ruc tu r e . T h e p u rpose o ft h i s s e c t ion i st oa t t emp tt od ef ine t h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e o ft h e p opu la t ion t h a t f o rm s t h e s amp le u nde rd i scu s s ion ( j u s tu nde r3 000 i n d iv idua l s ) . T he c onc lu s ion sd r awn h e re w i l l f o rm t h e b a s i s o f am o re g ene ra l d i scu s s ion o f t h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e o f K en t d u r ing t h e 5t h t o 8t h c en tu r ie s i nt h e f o l low ing c hap t e r . F o r o u r p u rpo se s h e r e , s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e s p ec if ica l ly m ean s t h e s o c ia l r a nk ing s ( b e t h ey d e r ived f r om e t hn ic b a ckg round , s o c ia l c l a s s , o ro t he rf a c to r s ) i n to w h ich s o c ie ty w a s d i v ided . I t m ay b et h e c a se t h a tt h e s o c ia ls t ruc tu r ep o r t rayed i nt h e f u ne ra lr i t e s o f 5t h8t h c en tu ry K en tw e r en o ta t r u e r e f lec t ion o f t h e a c tua l s t ru c tu re o f K en t i sh s o c ie ty i n l i f e ( t hey m ay r e p r e sen t a n i d ea l i sed , r i t u a l i sed o r d i s to r t ed v e r s ion o fi t ;s e e c hap t e r 3 ) . H owev e r , i nt h i s s e c t ion t h e i n t en t ion i sm e r e ly t o a t t emp t t o d ef ine t h e s o c ia l s t ru c tu r e p o r t rayed v i a t h e f u ne ra l r i t e , r a the r t h an t h e a c tua l s o c ia l s t ru c tu r et h a tl a yb eh ind i t . Q uan t i ty a nd q ua l i ty o f g r av e g ood s c anno t s imp ly b e d i r ec t ly r e la ted t o s t a tu s ; c h rono log ica l a nd s p a t ia lv a r iab le sa f f ec ted t h en a tu re o ft h e f u ne ra ry r i t e . F o ri n s tance , ab u r ia l w i thou tg r ave g ood sm ay b et h a to f ap oo rp e r son ,o ri tm ay b et h a to f ah i gh s t a tu s i n d iv idua l b u r ied a f t e rt h e d epo s i t ion o fg r av e g ood s h ad c ea sed a mong t h a t p a r t icu la r c ommun i ty . E qua l ly , b o th a r cha eo log ica l a nd h i s to r ica l e v id ence s ugge s t s t h a t w e s t a nd e a s t K en t w e r e c u l tu ra l ly d i s t inc t d u r ing m uch o ft h e e a r ly A ng lo -

2 39

C hap t e r 1 6

S axon p e r iod . H igh s t a tu s b u r ia l s i nw e s tK en tm ay b e v e ry d i f f e ren tt ot h o se i ne a s t K en t . H oweve r , i no rde rt om ove t owa rd s am ode l o ft h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu re o ft h e p opu la t ion o fA ng lo -Saxon K en t , s ome a s sump t ion sm u s ti n ev i tab ly b em ade . F i r s t ly , i ti sa s sumed h e r e t h a t t h e g r ea te r t h e e f f o r t o r r e sou r ce s e xpended o n af une ra l ( w i th in a p a r t icu la r p e r iod o r r e g ion ) , t h e g r ea t e r t h e s o c ia l s t a tu s o ft h e d ecea sed a nd /o r t h e d ecea s ed 's k i n g r oup . T h i s m ay n o t b e t r ue , i nw h ich c a se t h e se b u r ia l s h ave l i t le t ot e l l u s o fA ng lo -Saxon s oc ia l s t ruc tu r e . H oweve r , i no r de rf o rt h i s a na ly s i st op r og r e s s , i ti sa na s sump t ion t h a t w i l l b e m ade . F rom t h i s , i tf o l low s t h a t t h o se i n d iv idua l s w i thou t a ny g r ave g ood s , o r g r ave m od if ica t ion s o r f i t t ing s ( b a r row s , s t ruc tu r e s , c off in s , a n ima l r ema in s ) , a nd w ho se g r ave s w e r ej u s tb i ge nough t oa c commoda t e t h e b ody , r e p r e sen t t h e l owe s t s t a tu s g r oup w i th in t h e p opu la t ion i n te r r ed i n t h e c eme te r ie s . C onv e r se ly , t h o se i n d iv idua l s w ho h ave r e ce iv ed g r ea t e r l e ve l s o f e f f or t a nd e xpend i tu r e i n t h e i r f u ne ra l w i l l b e o fc o r r e spond ing ly h i ghe r s t a tu s . As ma l l n umb e r o fb u r ia l s i nt h e s amp le c on ta ined s u ch al a rge r a nge o fo b jec t s , i n c lud ing s ome o fv e ry h i gh q ua l i ty , t h a tt h ey s t and o u t f r om t h e r e s t o f t h e s amp le ( s ee b e low ) . T he r e c an b e l i t t le d oub t t h a t t h e se w e r e t h e b u r ia l s o f v e ry h i gh s t a tu s i n d iv idua l s . T he d i ff icu l ty i si nr a nk ing t h eg r ea tm a jo r i ty o fb u r ia l st h a t f a l l s omewhe r eb e tw een t h e se t wo e x t r eme s . A s h a s b een m en t ioned i np r ev iou s c hap t e r s , v a r iou s m e thod s h ave b e en u s ed b y s c ho la r s t o a t t emp t t o r a nk A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s i nt e rm s o f w ea l th a nd /o r s t a tu s . Ar no ld ( 1 980 ) a pp l ied a s y s tem o f w ea l th s c o r e s , w i th e a ch a r t ef a c t , o r a r t ef a c t t y pe , g i ven a n um e r ic v a lue . U nf o r tuna te ly ,t h i s s y s tem t o ok l i t t le a c coun to fo t he rf e a tu r e s o ft h e m o r tua ry r i t e , o ro fc h rono log ica l v a r ia t ion . N o r w e r e t h e v a lue s a pp l ied t od i f f e ren t o b jec t t y pe s c r ed ib le ( a s w a s m en t ioned a bov e ) . A lcock ( 1 98 1) u s ed a d if e r en t a pp roa ch , d i v id ing g r ave s i n to t h r ee b road g r oup s , a l pha , b e ta , a nd g amma , w i th a l pha b e ing r i che s t , a nd g amma p oo r e s t . E v i son , i n h e r r e po r t o n t h e c eme te ry a t B uck land , D ove r ( Ev i son 1 987 ) , u s ed as im i la r s y s t em , r a nk ing m a le , f ema le , j uven i le a nd u n sexed a du l t g r ave s a c co rd ing t o t h e g ene ra l c l a s s o f g r ave g ood s d epo s i ted w i th t h em . H ow ev e r , t h e se s y s tem s w e r e s t i l l b a sed e n t i r e ly o n g r ave g ood s , g i v ing n o w e igh t t oo t he r f e a tu re s o ft h e m o r tua ry r i t e . T he r a nk ing o f g r ave s b y g en e ra l o b jec t c l a s s i sa l so t o o s imp l i s t ic . E v i son a l so a pp l ied h e r s y s tem t o L ym inge I ( i b id . ) , d i v id ing m en 's g r ave s i n to t h o se w i th s p ea r s , w eapon le s s g r ave s , a nd f i nd le s s g r ave s . H oweve r , c l o se re xam ina t ion o ft h e f i nd s s ugge s t ed t h a tt h o se w i thou t w eapon s( mo s t o fw h ich c on ta ined b e l t s ) s e em t oh ave b een g ene ra l ly o fe a r l ie r d a te t h an w e re t ho se w i th w eapon s ( R icha rd son 1 995 ) . I tm ay b e t h a t a tL ym ing e , h i gh s t a tu s m en w e r e b u r ied w i th ab e l t s e td u r ing t h e 5t ht oe a r ly 6t h c en tu ry , a nd t h a tw eapon b u r ia l o n ly c ame i n to u s e d u r ing t h e 6t hc en tu ry ( i b id . ) . I ft h i s w e r e s o , t h o se w i th w eapon s , a nd t h o se w i th b e l t s o n ly , m ay h ave b een o fe qu iva len t s t a tu s . T h i s w ou ld p roduce a' t op h eavy ' s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e , w i th ' h igh s t a tu s ' i n d iv idua l s o u tnumbe r ing l owe rs t a tu s i n d iv idua l s b y a bou t 2t o 1 ,r a the r t h an as o c ie ty d i v ided i n to r o ugh ly e qua l t h i rd s o f' r i ch ' , m ed ium , a nd ' p oo r ' . A no the rp r ob lem w i th u s ing g ene ra l c a tego r ie so fg r ave g ood s a si n d ica to r s o fs o c ia l s t a tu si st h a tt h e r e i si mmen se v a r ia t ion i nt h e q ua l i ty o fo b jec t t y pe s ( p a r t icu la r ly b e tween d i f f e r en t t ype s o fb r ooche s ) . A t G i l ton , s eve ra l w om en 's g r ave s c on ta ined c o l lec t ion s o fa r t ef a c t s , i n c lud ing c oppe r a loy R oman d i sc b rooche s , t h a t s e em t oh ave b een i n tended a s s ub s t i tu te s f o r , o r i m i ta t ion s o f , t h e c o s tume s o f w omen b u r ied w i th h i ghe r q ua l i ty o b jec t s , n o tab ly s i lve r K en t i sh d i sc b rooche s (Wh i te 1 9 90 ) . E i the r t h e se w omen w e re l e s s w ea l thy , o r t h e d ec i s ion w a s t a ken i nt h e i r c a se t o s ub s t i tu te p oo r q ua l i ty i m i ta t ion so ft h e i ru sua l c o s tume i nt h eb u r ia l . I ne i the rc a se , al e s sp owe rf u lm e s sage a bou ts t a tu s a nd w ea l th i sc onveyed t h an i fs i lve r b r ooche s a nd c ompa rab le i t em s h ad b een p l a ced i nt h e g r av e . T hu s , b r oad ly d ef ined g r ave g ood a s semb lage s c an o n ly b e r e ga rded a s ar o ugh g u ide t ot h e w ea l th o rs oc ia l s t a tu s o ft h e i n d iv idua l t h ey a r e d epo s i t ed w i th . H oweve r , as y s t em t h a t t o ok i n to a c coun t a l t h e v a r ie ty , i nt e rm so fq ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty ,o fg r ave g ood s f o und i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w ou ld h av et ob e e x t reme ly c omp lex . W i th as amp le o ft h e s i z e a nd v a r iab le d a ta q ua l i ty b e ing d ea l t w i th i nt h is t h e s i s , s u ch as y s t em w ou ld a lmo s tc e r ta in ly b et o ou nw ie ldy t ob eo fp r a c t ica lu s e . T he r ef o r e , t h e a pp roach u s ed h e r e w i l l b e t or a nk a r t ef a c t a s semb lage s g ene ra l ly i no rd e r o fo ve ra l l ' wea l th ' , w i th d i f f e r en t t y pe s o fa r tef a c t a s semb lag e r e ce iv ing an ume r ic s c o r e b e tween 0a nd 1 0 ( 0 e qua t ing t on og r ave g ood s , 1 0e qua t ing t o av e ry r i ch a s semb lag e ) . H oweve r ,t h e s i ze o f , a n dp r e sence o fm od if i ca t ion s t o , g r ave s w i l l a l so b e t a k en i n to a c coun t , a sw i l l t h e p r e sence o f c off in s , a n ima l r ema in s , a nd o t he rc on t en t s . F u r the rmo r e , b ecau se o ft h e r e g ion a l a nd c h rono log ica l v a r ia t ion s w i th in t h e s amp le , t h e l o ca t ion a nd d a t e o fb u r ia l s w i l l a l so b e t a k en i n to a c coun t . S pec if ica l ly , t h e s amp le w i l l b e c on s ide r ed w i th in f o u rb r oad c a tego r ie s ; b u r ia l s f r om w e s ta nd e a s t K en t , a nd b u r ia l s o f5 6 1 -6 t h , a nd 7t h8t h, c en tu ry d a te .

2 40

C hap t e r 1 6

T h ev a lue sa s s igned t od i f f e ren ta r t ef a c ta s semb lag e sa r es hown i nT ab le 1 39 b e low .

T ab le 1 39 : S core sf o ra r tef ac ta s semb lage s . A s semb lage t ype E xcep t iona l ly r i ch a s semb lage s Swo rd s ,b rooche sw i th p endan t s , ' h igh s t a tu s ' s i gn if ie r( I c , I a5 , b 5 ,c 4 ,d 4 ) S eax ,a xe , s h ie ld ,b rooche s ,p endan t s , g l a s sv e s se l s ,v e s se lc omb ina t ion s ( I b ,d ,e ,I a 1-4 , I a6 , I b 1-4 , I b6 , I c 1-3 , I c5 ,I d 1-3 , I d5 ,H e , I Vc ,0 S pea r s ,a r row s ,d re s sa cce s so ry c omb ina t ion s ( I a , f ,g ,I Ie , 0 B e l t s ,d r e ss a cce sso r ie s ,v e s se ls a nd c on ta ine r s( Vb , V c , I Ia -d ,I Va ,b ,e ) K n ive sw i th o the ro b jec t s( Va2 -5 ) K n ive s ,k ey s ,m i sce l laneou si t em so n ly ( Va l ,V Ib , c ) F ragm en t s /f i t t ing so n ly ( V Ia ) N og r ave g ood s( V I I )

S core 1 0 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 0

T he v a lue s a s s igned t o t h e d i f f e r en t t y pe s o f s t ruc tu r e s , c on ten t s o r o t he r f e a tu r e s a s soc ia ted w i th g r ave sa r e l i s ted i nT ab le 1 40 .

T ab le 1 40 : S core sf o rg rave mod if i ca t ion s a nd c on ten t s . Mod if ica t ion /F i t t ing /Depo s i t P r ima ry u nde r' l a rge ' b a r row P r ima ry u nde rb a r row E x te rna l , i n teg ra l , o rc omb ina t ion o f , g r ave s t ruc tu re s I n t e rna l g rave s t ruc tu r e B u rn tc off in C of f in ,o rb oa tp lank ing V e ry l a rge g rave ( t op 1 %o fd imen s ion s ) S t a tu r e =l e s st h an 7 9% o fg r ave l e ng th G rave c on ta in sa n ima lr ema in s G rave c on ta in so the rd epo s i t

S core 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

T he h i ghe s t s co re p o s s ib le f o rg r ave g ood a s semb lag e s ( 1 0 ) i sg i ven t ot h e s ma l l n umbe r( 1 4 m a le a nd 1 8f ema l e ) o fg rave st h a t w e r e c on s ide r ed t oc on ta in e xcep t iona l ly w ea l thy c o l lec t ion s o fg r ave g ood s . T h e se a r el i s ted i nT ab le 1 4 1 b e low ,a l ong w i th t h e i ro ve ra l ls t a tu s s c o re s . T h eb u r ia l s l i s ted i nT ab le 1 4 1 w e r es e lec ted e i the rb ecau se t h ey c on ta ined g r ave g ood sd ef ined a sh i gh s t a tu s o b jec t s ( s ee b e low ) , i nc omb ina t ion w i th s e ve ra l o t he r a r tef a c t s , o rb ecau se t h ey c on ta ined a n u nu sua l ly l a rge n umbe r o f o b jec t s , a tl e a s t s ome o f w h ich w e r e m ade o f p r ec iou s m e ta l s ( g o ld o r s i lv e r ) . G rave sw h ich w e r en o tc on s ide r ed t om ee tt h e se c r i t e r ia , b u tw h ich c on ta ined s wo rd s , b r ooche s i nc omb ina t ion w i th p endan t s , o r a' h igh s t a tu s ' o b jec tb u t n o o t he rs i gn if i can t g r ave g ood s , r e ce ived a s c o r eo f8 ,t h en ex th i ghe s tv a lu ea s s igned f o ra r tef a c ta s semb lage s . O b jec t sc on s ide r ed t os i gn if y ' h igh s t a tu s ' i n c luded r i ng s wo rd s , c oppe r a loy b ow l s , w ooden b uck e t s , g o ld b r a id , g o ld b r a c tea te so rp endan t s , a nd s k imme r s o rc r y s ta lb a l l s . W i th t h e e xcep t ion o ft h em e ta l b ow l s , w h ich w e r e i mpo r t ed f r om F rank i sh s ou r ce s , m o s t i fn o t a l l o ft h e se o b jec t s i nK en t i sh g r ave s a pp ea rt oh ave b een o fK en t i sh ( o r i nt h e c a se o ft h e B rac t ea t e s , s ou the rn S cand inav ian ) o r ig in . T he r a ng e o fh igh s t a tu s o b jec t s d epo s i ted i nK en t i sh g r ave s h a s b een c on t ra s ted w i th t h e t y pe s f o und i n g r av e s o n t h e c on t inen t ( Pa rf i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 , 17 ) . T he se w e r e d ef ined b y C h r i s t le in ( 1 973 ; 1 978 ) a s i n c lud ing h e lme t s , s wo rd s a nd k n iv e s w i th g o ld s h ee t h and le s , r i ng s wo rd s , g o ld e a r r ing s , s i lv e r g a i te r s t rap s , b ronze b ow l s , w ooden b u cke t s , a nd h o r se h a rne s se s . O n ly r i ng s wo rd s , b r onz e b ow l s a nd b ucke t s w e r e d epo s i t ed i ns i gn if ican t n umbe r s b o th o n t h e c on t inen t a nd i nK en t . S i nce K en tm anuf ac tu r ed i t so wn r i ng s wo rd sa nd b u cke t s , i ts e em st h a tt h e r e w a s v e ry l i t t le o ve r lap b e tw een F r ank i sh a nd K en t i sh h i gh s t a tu so b jec t s . B rugmann s ugge s t ed t h a t :

2 4 1

C hap te r 1 6

" . .Ken t i sh h igh s oc ie ty u sed h igh s t a tu s o b jec t s i nd epend ence . . ." ( Pa r f i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 , 17 ) .

mad e

i n K en t

t o

d emon s t ra te

K en t i sh

T ab le 1 41 : G rave s c on ta in in2 e xcep t iona l ly r i ch a ssemb lag e s . _ Grave G i l ton 2 3

A ssemb lage T ype I c 4 .29

G i l ton 5 6

I c 5 .3

N o tab le F inds

S ta tus S core 1 2

S ex /Age

S wo rd w i th s i lve rp omme l

1 1

I b 1 .10

B ucke t ,m e ta l b ow l

1 5

M i l l H i l l I9 1

I c 4 .25

S wo rd , m e ta l b ow l , l y re ?

d 6

1

B uck land C

I c 4 .22

R ing s wo rd

1 0

K ing s ton 7 6

I d2 .8

F ing le sham 2 04

I c 4 .26

B if ron s3 9

I c 4 .13

S eax w i th s i lve rp omme l , m e ta l b ow l R ing s wo rd , m e ta l b ow l , c l aw b eake r R ing s wo rd , b e l ts e t

S ane 3 9A

I c 5 .5

S wo rd , a xe , b ucke t

1 0

S ane 6 8

I c 3 .6

S wo rd , c omb , g o ld p l a t ed b uck le R ing s wo rd , m e ta l b ow l

1 0

B i shop sbou rne I1 2

S ar r e 8 8

I c 3 .2

W ickhamb reaux I1

I c 1 .12

W ickhamb reaux I 1

I b4 .2

C oombe 1

I c 5 .6

C ha r tham D owns A

I a5 .18

M i l l H i l l I2 5B

I d1 .7

M i l l H i l l I1 05C

I d3 .9

B uck land 2 0

I c4 .2

B uck land 3 91 .2

I d4 .2

K ing s ton D own 1 42

I e4 .28

K ing s ton Down 2 05A

I a5 .1

K ing s ton D own 2 99

I b5 .2

L ym inge I 4 4

I d3 .7

F ing le sham D 3

I d4 .4

F ing le sham 2 03

I d4 .6

B if ron s2 9

I d4 .3

B if ron s4 1

I d3 .11

B if rons 4 2

I d3 .5

S a r re A

I a5 .7

S a r re 4

I d4 .5

S i ber t swo ld 1 72

I e4 .7

B a rf r i s ton 4 8

I e4 .8

S wo rd ,g o ld f i l ig ree b e l t

S wo rd , m e ta l b ow l , c l aw b eake r , g o ld p l a t ed b uck le S h ie ld , m e ta l b ow l , b r ooche s

1

a a

P robab le Da te 5 80 -625 L a te O h -7 t h 7t h

5 30 -90 5 60 -625

1 3

6 d

1 3

d '2 5

5 25 -3 0

1 0

6 ( 3 'Adult d

5 30 -70 5 80 -6 25

d 6

5 80 -6 20

1 0 1 0

1 0

Mu l t ip le c r ema t ion? Mu l t ip le c r ema t ion?

e

6 '

6 ' 6 t h _7 t h ? 5 75 -600

R ing s wo rd , s wo rd , a xe , m e ta l b ow l , g l a s sv e s se l s

1 0

P l a t ed d i sc b r ooch , g o ld p endan t s ,m e ta l b ow l , g l a s s v e s se l s S i lve rb r ooche s , s k imme r , c r y s ta l b a l l S i lve rb r ooche s , g o ld b r a id

1 2

S i lve rb r ooche s , g o ld b r ac t ea te , m e ta l b ow l , c l aw b eake r B rooche s , p endan t s ,g o ld b r a id , b ucke t ,c r y s ta l b a l l G o ld a nd s i lve rp endan t s , c omb C ompo s i te d i sc b r ooch , g o ld p endan t , m e ta l b ow l s C ompo s i t ea nd p l a t ed d i sc b r ooche s ,p endan t ,c omb S i lve rb r ooche s , s k imme r , c r y s ta l b a l l , g o ld b r a id S i lve rb r ooche s ,g o ld b r ac tea te s ,c l aw b eake r S i lve rb r ooche s ,g o ld b r ac tea t e s , m e ta l b ow l , c l aw b eake r S i lve rb rooche s ,g o ld b r ac t ea t e s ,g o ld b r a id S i lve rb rooche s , g o ld b r a id , g l a s sv e s se l S i lve rb r ooche s , s k imme r , c r y s ta l b a l l

1 0

90 -6

5 00 -540

1 0

93 5 -4 5

5 00 -5 40

1 4

9Adult

6 25 -6 75

1 6

9

5 96 -6 15

1 1

9Adult

5 96 -6 30

1 1

9Adult

5 40 -6 0

1

9Adult

C .5 30

1 0

92 5 -3 0

c . 50

1 0

9Adult

c . 50

1 0

9

5 00 -4 0

1 0

9

5 00 -4 0

C ompo s i t e d i sc b r ooch , p endan t ,m e ta l b ow l S i lve rb r ooche s , g o ld b r ac tea te s , s k imme r , c r y s ta l b a l l , b e l l b eak e r G o ld p endan t s , Me rov ing ian c o in s G o ld p endan t s ,g l a s s v e s se ls

1 0

9

6 15 -3 0

9Adu l t

5 40 -5 0

9

1 1

92 0 -2 5

1 0

935-45

1

1 0

1 1 4

9Adult 9Adult

5 80 -6 20 5 30 -7 0 5 30 -70

c .6 50 6 25 -675

Mo re o ft h i s s ub jec t w i l l b e d i scu ssed i nC hap te r 1 7 . F o r n ow , i ti ss ugge s ted t ha t b u r ia ls a s s igned a s co re o f 8o r 1 0 f o rt h e i ra r tef ac ta s semb lage a r et h ose o fh igh s t a tu s i nd iv idua ls w i th in K en t ish s oc ie ty .

2 42

C hap t e r 1 6

H ow ev e r , w h i l s t t h e q ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty o fo b jec t s d epo s i t ed i nt h e se g r ave s m ake s t h i s c onc lu s ion f a i r ly s e cu r e , i td oe s n o t f o l low t h a tt h o se w i th f ewe ro rl e s s e xpen s iv e g r ave g ood s ( o r e ven n o g r ave g ood s )w e r en ece s sa r i ly o fl ow e rs o c ia ls t a tu s . T h i sn o tw i th s tand ing , i na na t temp tt oa r r ive a t am ode l o ft h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e o f t h e p opu la t ion i nt h e c eme te r ie s , i ti sl o g ica l t o a s s ign l owe r s c o r e s t o a s semb lag e s w h ich d i d n o t c on ta in s u ch e l abo ra te c o l lec t ion s o fg r ave g ood s . I ti sr e cogn i sed t h a tt h e v a lue s a s s igned a r e s ub jec t ive , a nd p rov ide o n ly ag ene ra l c o r r e la t ion w i th a n a s semb lage 's ' wea l th ' , b u ti ti sn o tb e l ieved t h a tt h e s o r t o fp r ec i s ion a temp t ed i nA rno ld 's s y s tem o fw ea l th s co r ing ( A r no ld 1 980 ) , i t s e lf v e ry s ub jec t ive ,p r oduce sa ny m o r ea c cu ra cy i ni t sr e su l t s . A s semb lage s c on ta in ing s e axe s , a xe s , s h ie ld s , b r ooche s o rp endan t s ( b u t n o t b rooche s a nd p endan t s ) , g l a s sv e s se l s , o rc omb ina t ion so fv e s se lt y pe s , w e r eg i ven as c o r e o f7 . A s semb lage sc on ta in ing s p ea r s , a r row s , o rc omb ina t ion s o fd r e s s a c ce s so ry t y pe s ( f o re xamp le , b ead s a nd f i nge rr i ng ) r e ce ived as c o re o f6 . T h e w ea r ing o f ab e l t ( r evea led b y t h e p r e sen ce o fb u ck le s o r o t he r b e l t f i t t ing s ) w a s c on s ide r ed t o s i gn if yh i ghe rs t a tu st h an t h ep o s se s s ion o f ak n if e . K n iv e sw e re c ommon ly f ound w i th a l l a g eg r oup s , a nd i nf a c tw e r et h em o s tc ommon ly d epo s i ted a r tef a c tt y pe , w he rea s i th a sb een s e en t h a tb e l t s s how a s t rong c o r re la t ion w i th o l de ra du l t s . I ta l so s e em st h a tt h ew ea r ing o fa ne l abo ra te b e l tw a s s e en d u r ing t h e5 c en tu ry a s as i gn if i e ro fh i gh s t a tu s , i m i ta t ing t h e u s eo fb e l t sa sm a rk s o fo f f ic ia l r a nk i nt h e l a te R oman p e r iod . I n deed , e v idence f r om s i t e s s u ch a s L ym inge I s ugge s t s t h a t t h e b e l t m ay h ave p r eced ed w eapon sa st h e i n d ica to ro fh i gh m a le s t a tu s ( R icha rd son 1 995 ) . T hu s , i nt h e s y s tem a dop t ed h e r e , t h e p o s se s s ion o f ab e l t ( a s w e l l a sd r e s s a c ce s so r ie s , v e s se l s o rc on ta ine r s ) m e r i t s as c o r e o f5 . T h ep o s se s s ion o f ak n if e i nc omb ina t ion w i th o t he ro b jec t s m e r i t s o n ly 4p o in t s , w h i l s tt h e p o s se s s ion o fk n iv e so n ly ( o rk ey so ri t em ss u ch a ss u spen s ion r i ng so n ly ) m e r i t so n ly 3 . T ho se w ho se g r ave s c on ta in ed o n ly f r agmen t s o fo b jec t s , o rf i t t ing s s u ch a sn a i l s o rs t ap le s , r e ce ived o n ly 1p o in tf o rt h e i ra s semb lag e ,a nd , o fc ou r se ,t h o se w i thou ta ny g r ave g ood sr e ce ived n one . T h e p o in t s a s s igned f o r e a ch b u r ia l 's a s semb lag e w e r e a dded t o p o in t s s co red f o r t h e c on s t ruc t ion , f i t t ing s o ro t he r c on t en t s o ft h e g r ave i n to w h ich t h e a s semb lag e w a s d epo s i ted . T he p r ima ry b u r ia l u nde r ab a r row s c o red 2 p o in t s o r 3i ft h e b a r row w a s r e co rded a s b e ing ' l a rge ' ( no p o in t s w e re a s s igned f o rs e conda ry i n se r t ion s i n to e x i s t ing b a r row s , s i nce n o e x t ra e f f or th ad b een e xpend ed o n t h e f u n e ra lf o rt h a ti n d iv idua l ) . T h ep r ov i s ion o fe x te rna lo ri n teg ra l g r ave s t ruc tu re s a l so m e r i t ed 2p o in t s , w h i l s tt h ep r e sence o fi n te rna ls t ruc tu re s( s uch a ss a nd s tone s l ab s )m e r i ted 1 .

S core 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T o ta l

T ab le 1 42 : O vera l lS ta tus S core s . % Cumu la t ive T o ta lB ur ia l s T o ta l 1 1 3 5 1 9 4 1 9 3 1 4 6 2 63 3 98 3 06 4 58 1 2 5 2 00 1 50 6 6 6 59 2 934

0 . 03 0 . 03 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 6 1 . 4 3 . 2 5 9 1 3 .6 1 0 .4 1 5 .6 4 . 3 6 . 8 5 . 1 2 . 2 2 2 .5 1 00

1 2 5 1 0 2 9 7 0 1 63 3 09 5 72 9 70 1 276 1 7 34 1 859 2 059 2 209 2 275 2 934 2 934

Cumu la t ive %

0 . 03 0 . 07 0 . 2 0 . 3 1 2 . 4 5 . 6 1 0 .5 1 9 .5 3 .1 4 3 .5 5 9 . 1 6 3 .4 7 0 .2 7 5 .3 7 7 .5 1 00 1 00

E v iden ce f o rt h ep r e sence o f ac off in ( o rs e c t ion o fb oa tp l ank ing ) m e r i ted 1p o in t , b u t i ft h ec off in h ad b e en b u rn t 2p o in t s w e r e s c o r ed , s i nce t h e b ur n ing o f t h e c off in r e p re sen t s e x t ra e f f o r t b y t h o se

2 43

C hap te r 1 6

c onduc t ing t h e f une ra l . I fag r ave w a sv e ry l a rge ( h av ing a tl e a s to ne d imen s ion i nt h et o p 1 %o fg r av e d imen s ion s ) , t h en as i ng le p o in t w a s s c o r ed . I ft h e r a t io o fa n i n d iv idua l 's s t a tu re t og r ave l e ng th w a s l e s s t h an 7 9% ( t he m ean f o r t h e s amp le ) , 1p o in t w a s r e ce ived . F ina l ly , t h e p r e sence i n ag r ave o f a n ima lr ema in so ro t he rt y pe so fd epo s i t( s uch a sc ha r coa l )e a ch m e r i ted 1p o in t . T he m ax imum s co re p o s s ib le f r om g r av e m od if i ca t ion s , f e a tu r e s o rc on t en t s ( e xc lud ing g r av e g ood s ) w a s 1 , w h ich w ou ld r e p r e sen t a n i n d iv idua l i n t e r r ed u nde r al a rge b a r row , w i th s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu re s , a b u rn t c off in , a n u nu sua l ly l a rg e g r ave t h a t w a s l o ng i np ropo r t ion t ot h e i r b ody , a nd a c compan ied b y a n ima l r ema in s , a nd o t he rd epo s i t s . T hu st h em ax imum s c o r ep o s s ib le w i th t h e s y s tem u s ed h e r e i s2 1 p o in t s ( a1 0 p o in t a r tef a c t a s semb lag e , p l u s 1 p o in t s f o r o t he r f e a tu re s ) . I nf a c t , t h e h i ghe s t s c o r e o f a ny b u r ia l i nt h e s amp le w a s 1 6 , a nd t h e h i ghe s t s c o r e b y ab u r ia l w i thou ta ny g r ave g ood s w a s 6( s ee b e low ) . T he l i s to fs co r e sf r om t h eo ve ra l l s amp le , a nd t h en umbe ra nd p e r cen tage o fg r ave s w i th e a ch s c o r e , i sl i s ted i nT ab le 1 42 a bove .

S core 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T o ta l

T o ta l 1 1 3 5 1 9 4 1 9 3 1 46 2 63 3 98 3 06 4 58 1 25 2 00 1 50 6 6 6 59 2 934

% a tl owe s ts core

T ab le 1 43 : S ta tu ss c ore s b y a s semb la ec l a s s . A s semb lage C la s s I V I I I V I 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 0 7 1 5 1 6 3 1 6 4 3 1 8 5 2 1 6 3 1 1 2 4 2 5 5 3 2 9 1 3 5 9 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 8 0 3 7 1 43 1 05 2 5 8 8 7 1 54 2 2 3 8 0 1 27 7 9 1 4 1 6 45 3 29 1 48 5 25 2 72 2 1 .9 3 8 .6 5 4 .1 5 2 .6 2 9 .3

V I 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 7 3 2 3 1 01 2 2 .8

V I I 2 7 3 4 2 2 1 47 4 3 6 59 9 14 7 2 .1

I tc an b e s e en f r om T ab le 1 42 t h a t a bou t at h i rd o fb u r ia l s s c o r ed 7 o r m o r e p o in t s . S ev en p o in t s e qua te st ow eapon b u r ia l sw i th s e ax , s h ie ld o ra x e , o rb u r ia l s w i th b rooche s , p endan t s , o rg l a s sv e s se l s , o rl e s s e l abo ra te a s semb lage s i nc omb ina t ion w i th b a r row s , c off in s o ro t he rg r av e f e a tu r e s . N o b u r ia l s w i thou tg r ave g ood ss co r ed m o r et h an 6p o in t s , a nd t h e r ef o r e as c o re o f 7i nt h e s y s t em u s ed h e re c ou ld b e r e ga rded a sm a rk ing t h e t h r e sho ld b e twe en h i gh a nd m idd le s t a tu s . J u s t u nde r t wo th i rd s ( 6 3 .4% ) s c o r ed 4 p o in t s o r mo re , a nd b u r ia l s w i th 4 6 p o in t s c ou ld b e r e ga rded a s b e ing o f m idd le s t a tu s . H oweve r , o ft h o se b u r ia l sw h ich s c o r ed l e s st h an 4p o in t s , t h e m a jo r i ty ( ove r6 1% ) s c o r ed n op o in t s a t a l ( t he se b e ing b u r ia l sw i th n og r ave g ood s , o rg r av em od if ica t ion s / f i t t ing s ) . T he l a t t e rg r av e sw e re a l b yd ef in i t ion o fa s semb lag ec l a s sV I I . Ab r eak d own o ft h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fs t a tu s s co r e sb ya s semb lag e c l a s si ss hown i nT ab le 1 4 3 . T he b o t tom r ow o fT ab le 1 4 3 s how st h e p e r cen tag e o fe a ch a s semb lage c l a s st h a t s c o r ed t h e m in imum p o in t s p o s s ib le i nt h i s s y s tem . I ti sn o tab le t h a t b y f a r t h e h i ghe s t p e rcen tag e s co r ing t h e m in imum p o in t s w a s a mong c l a s s V I I ( 7 2 .1 % ) . C onve r se ly , t h e l owe s t p e r cen tage s s c o r ing m in imum p o in t s w e r e f o r c l a s se s V a nd V I . T h i s w ou ld s ugg e s t t h a t t h o se b u r ied w i thou t g r ave g ood s r e a l ly d o r e p r e sen t t h e l owe s t s oc ia l s t ra ta o f t h e p opu la t ion i n te r red i nt h e c eme te r ie s ( a t l e a s t a sr e f lec ted t h rough t h e o b se rvab le r ema in s o ft h e b u r ia l r i t ua l ) . A s w e l l a sh av ing n o g r av e g ood s , t h ey a r e l e a s t

2 44

C hap t e r 1 6

l i k e ly t oh ave m od if ica t ion sa nd a dd i t ion st ot h e i rg r ave s . F u r the rmo r e , v e ry f ew b u r ia l s w i thou tg r ave g ood s s c o r ed m o r et h an 2s t a t u sp o in t s ( o n ly 7 . 1% ) . T he o n ly o t he rb u r ia l s s c o r ing 1 2 p o in t s w e r e2 6 b u r ia l s o fa s semb lage c l a s sV Ia ( f i t t ing s o rf r agmen t s o n ly ) . O ft h e se , a tl e a s t 6w e re d i s tu rbed ;t h u s i t i sp r obab le t h a t m any o ft h e se o r ig ina l ly c on ta ined m o r e g r ave g ood s , a nd w ou ld h ave s c o r ed m o r e p o in t s . S i nce t h em a jo r i ty o ft h o se w i th l e s st h an 3p o in t s h ad n o g r ave g ood s , t h e ' p oo r e s t ' , o rl owe s t s o c ia l g r oup w i th in t h e o v e ra l l s amp le c ou ld b e r e ga rded a st h o se s c o r ing 2 o r l e s s p o in t s . O n t h i s b a s i s ,t h e s oc ia ls t ruc tu r eo ft h eo ve ra l ls amp le c ou ld b es umma r i sed t h u s :

1 0 -16 p o in t s 7 -9 p o in t s 3 -6 p o in t s 0 2p o in t s

V ery H igh S ta tu s H igh S ta tu s M idd le S ta tu s L ow S ta tu s

1 63 b ur ia l s 8 07 b ur ia l s 1 089 b ur ia l s 8 75 b ur ia l s

5 . 6% 2 7 .5 % 3 7 .1 % 2 9 .8 %

T h i s r e p re sen t s o n ly av e ry r o ugh a nd s imp le m ode l o ft h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu re o ft h e s amp le p opu la t ion . S pec if i ca l ly , i tt a ke sn oa c coun to fl o ca t ion o rc h rono logy . I no rde rt ot a ke a ccoun to ft h e se f a c to r s ,t h e s amp le mu s t b e b roken d own i n to r e g iona l a nd c h rono log ica l u n i t s . U nf o r tuna te ly , o n ly a s ma l l p e r cen tage o fb u r ia l s a r e c l o se ly d a t ed , a nd t h e se a r e c oncen t ra t ed a mong a s semb lage c l a s se s I ,I a nd I I . I np a r t icu la r ,b u r ia l sw i thou ta ny g r av eg ood sa r e i mpo s s ib le t oc l o se ly d a te ( u n le s st h ey i n t e r -cu ta m o r e d a tab le g r av e ) . H ow eve r , i no r de rt oe va lua t e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e , a l t h e b u r ia l s i n ac eme t e ry m u s t b et a k en i n to a c coun t . I no r de rt or e so lve t h i sp r ob lem , o n ly c h rono log ica l ly d i s t inc tc eme te r ie sw i l lb e c on s ide r ed , i na n a t temp tt oe va lua t e a nd c ompa r e t h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu re o fe a s t a nd w e s tK en td u r ing t h e 5 `16t h, a nd 7t h8t hc en tu r ie s . T he c eme t e r ie s i nt h es amp le t h a t f a l lw ho l ly o rm o s t ly w i th in o ne o ft h e se t wo c h rono log ica lr a nge sa r ea sf o l low s( n umbe ro fg r ave s i nt h es amp le i ss hown i np a r en the se s ) :

5t h6t h c en tury We s tK en t O rp ing ton ( 80 )

E as tK en t B eke sboume I ( 42 ) M i l lH i l l I( 8 1) L ym inge I ( 64 ) B if ron s( 94 ) / 8th c en tury

We s tK en t P o lh i l l ( 125 )

E a s tK en t E cc les ( 2 13 ) B reach D own s ( 94 )

H o lbo rough ( 40 )

B eke sboume I( 43 ) C ha r tham D own ( 6 1) K ing s ton D own ( 3 19 ) S iber t swo ld ( 180 ) B a rf r is ton ( 5 1)

C eme te r ie s s u ch a s B uck land a nd S a r r e s p anned t h e p e r iod o f b u r ia l w i th g r ave g ood s ( 5t h t o 8f i c 8 e t h , n tu c e r i n e t s u ) r ie s a n . dT t h e e r r e e f f o o r r e e ,i t t h e i s yd i f a r f e i cu e l x t c lu t o dea s d s ig f r om n u nt d h i a s t ed s e c t i b u o r i n a l s o ft h w i e th i a n n a ly t h s em i s . t oe i the rt h e 5t h6, t h o r T he n umbe r s o fb u r ia l s f r om e a ch o ft h e c eme t e r ie s l i s t ed a bove , a nd t h e n umbe r s t a tu s s c o r e s a nd a s semb lage c l a s se sf r om t h e se s i t e s , a r es hown i nT ab le 1 44 b e low . T he se c eme te r ie ss how v e ry d i f f e r en tp a t t e rn so fa s semb lag e s a nd o ve ra l l s t a tu ss co re s . S ome o ft h e se v a r ia t ion sm ay b e ar e su l to ff l aw sw i th in t h ed a ta . F o re xamp le ,t h e o n ly c eme te r ie sa mong t h i sg r oup t oi n c lude b u r ia l s w i th as t a tu s s c o r e g r ea te r t h an 1 ( Cha r tham D own , K ing s ton D own , S i be r t swo ld a nd B a rf r i s ton )w e r e b a r row c eme t e r ie s e xcava ted b yB ryan F au s se t ti nt h e 1 8t h c en tu ry . I ti sp o s s ib le t h a t s im i la r c eme te r ie s , w i th m o s t g r av e s c ove r ed b y ab a r row ( n ow p l oughed o u t a nd u n r eco rd ed ) ,

2 45

C hap t e r 1 6

o r ig ina l ly e x i s t ed a c ro s s aw ide r a r ea o f K en t , a nd t h a t t h e i r a ppa ren t d i s t r ibu t ion l a rg e ly r ef l ec t s p r ox im i ty t oF au s se t t 's h ome .

T ab le 1 44 : S ta tus s core s a nd a s semb lage s , We s ta nd E a s tK en t , 7t h _8t h

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1 5 1 6 2 6 2 9 1 5 2 8 9 1 5 1 0 5 1 5 6

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2 13

1 06

T h e b u r ia l g r ound s a tH o lbo rough a nd E cc le s , o n o ppo s i te s i de s o ft h e Medway V a l ley , w ou ld a ppea r t ob et h ep oo re s tc eme te r ie s i nt h i sg r oup , w h ich c ou ld b et a k en t oi mp ly t h a tm id -Ken tw a st h ep oo r e s t r e g ion o ft h eK ingdom ,w i th g r ea te rw ea l th c oncen t ra t ed t ot h ew e s ta nd e a s t . T he re may b es ome t r u th i nt h i s t h eo ry , b u t i tc anno t b e b a sed o n t h e se t wo s i t e s a l one . T he r e co rded g r ave s a tH o lbo rough p r obab ly r e p r e sen t ed o n ly a s ma l l p o r t ion o f am uch l a rg e r c eme t e ry , t h e r e s t o f w h ich h ad b een d e s t royed b y c ha lk q ua r ry ing . T h e e xcava t ed p o r t ion w a s o fe xc lu s ive ly l a t e d a te ( c . 6 50 o nwa rd s ) , a nd t h i sf a c to ra c coun t s f o rt h eh i gh p r opo r t ion o fb u r ia l sw i thou tg r ave g ood s . S im i la r ly ,t h ec eme te ry a tE cc le s s e em s t oh ave c ome i n to u s e a r ound 6 50 a tt h e e a r l ie s t , w h ich a ga in a ccoun t s f o r t h e l ow p ropo r t ion o f g r ave g ood s . U nf o r tuna t e ly w e h av e n o e x t en s ive m ode rn e xcava t ion s o f e a r l ie r c eme t e r ie sw i th in t h em id -K en tr e g ion w i th w h ich t oc ompa r ew i th o t he rp a r t so fK en t . T h e i n comp le tene s s , a nd v a r iab le q ua l i ty , o ft h e d a ta f r om t h e se c eme t e r ie s w ou ld p robab ly r e nd e r a p r ec i se a na ly s i s o f s oc ia l s t ru c tu r e w i th in a nd b e tw een t h em i mpo s s ib le . E ven w i th c eme te r ie s

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C hap t e r 1 6

e x cava t ed u nde rt h e mo s tm ode rn c ond i t ion s , t h em any u nknowab le f a c to r so ft h e A ng lo -Saxon f u ne ra l r i t em ake s uch a na ly s i sd if i cu l t . T he b e s ta pp roa ch w i th t h es amp le a va i lab le h e re i st oc o l la t et h ed a ta f r om t h e d i f f e r en t s i t e s t ot r y t oe s tab l i sh t h e g ene ra l p a t t e rn s o fh i gh , m idd le a nd l ow s t a tu s b u r ia l s w i th in E a s t a nd We s t K en t i nt h e 5t h t o 6t h,a nd 7t h t o 8t h,c en tu r ie s AD . T h i s d a ta i ss umma r i sed i n T ab le 1 45 .

T ab le 1 45 : S oc ia lS truc ture s umma . 0 /a s amp le We s tK en t , E a s tK en t , We s tK en t , 5t h _ 6t h 5t h _ 6t h 7t h _ 8t h 7 16 p o in t s ( H igh s t a tus ) 3 6p o in t s ( M id s t a tu s ) 0 2 p o in t s ( Low s t a tus ) A s semb lage c l a s sI I I A s semb lage c l a s sI I -V I A s semb lage c l a s sV I I

E a s tK en t , 7t h _ 8t h

c en tur ie s

c en tur ie s

c en tur ie s

c en tur ie s

3 3 .1 %

2 7 .5 %

3 2 .4%

1 4 .5 %

3 9 .9%

3 7 .1 %

5 3 .8%

4 3 .4%

4 0%

2 3 .9%

2 9 .8 %

1 8 .8 %

2 4 .2%

4 4 .8%

3 6 .2%

2 7 .2 %

3 0%

3 5 .2%

1 3 .9%

1 6 .6%

4 1 .7 %

5 1 .3 %

4 0 .9%

4 1 .8%

4 1 .6%

3 1 .2 %

1 8 .8%

2 3 .8 %

4 4 .2%

4 1 .7%

T he f i gu re s s hown i nt h e l ow e r p a r t o fT ab le 1 4 5 s h ow t h e p e r cen tag e s o fb u r ia l s a ccompan ied b y d i f f e r en ta s semb lag e c l a s se s . T he se r e p r e sen t as imp l i s t ic a s sump t ion t h a tb u r ia l s c on ta in ing w eapon s , b u r ia l s ,b rooche sa nd p endan t sr e p r e sen tt h eh i ghe s ts t ra ta o ft h ee xcava ted p opu la t ion ,t h o se w i th o t he r g r av e g ood s t h e m idd le s t ra ta , a nd t h o se w i thou t a ny g r ave g ood s t h e l owe s t . I tc an b e s e en f r om t h i s t h a t , f o r t h e o ve ra l l s amp l e , j u s t u nde r at h i rd w e r e ' p oo r ' ( n o g r ave g ood s ) , t h e m a jo r i ty w e r e o f m idd le s t a tu s , a nd j u s to ve r aq ua r t e rw e r e ' h igh s t a tu s ' . H oweve r , t h e r e w a s c on s ide rab le v a r ia t ion i n t h e se p a t te rn so ve rt ime . D u r ing t h e 5t h6t h c en tu r ie s , w i th in b o th e a s ta nd w e s tK en t , t h e p r opo r t ion o f t h o se w i th w eapon s , b rooche s o r p endan t s w a s h i ghe r ( 3 0 -35% ) , w h i l s t t h e p ropo r t ion w i thou t a ny g r ave g ood s w a s m uch l ow e r( 1 8 -24% ) . I nc on t ra s t , d u r ing t h e 7t h t o 8t h c en tu r ie s , t h e p ropo r t ion w i th c l a s s Ia nd I a s semb lage s f a l l s c on s ide rab ly ( 1 3 17% ) , w h i l s t t h e p ropo r t ion b u r ied w i thou t g r ave g ood sr i se s t ob e tw een 4 1 a nd 4 4% . C lea r ly t h i s p a t t e rn i s ,a tl e a s t p a r t ia l ly , ar e su l t o ft h e d ec l ine i n d epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s . H oweve r , i ft h e c hang ing p a t t e rn s o fd epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s w e r e t ob e i n t e rp r e t ed s imp ly i nt e rm so fs o c ia l s t ruc tu r e ,t h en i tw ou ld a ppea rt h a ta n i n i t ia l ly ( d u r ing t h e 5t ht o 6t h c en t u r i e s ) h igh t o m idd le s t a tu s p opu la t ion w a s b e ing b u r ied i nt h e c eme te r ie s . S ub sequen t ly , t h e p r opo r t ion o ft h ep opu la t ion t h a tw a s h i gh s t a tu s d ec l ined , w h i l s tt h e l ow s t a tu sp o r t ion i n c r ea sed f r om b e ing t h es ma l le s tt ot h e l a rge s tp a r to ft h ep opu la t ion i nt h ec eme te r ie s . A s h a s b een a r gued , h oweve r , g r ave g ood s a l one c anno t b e u s ed a s ag u id e t ot h e s o c ia l s t a tu s o fa g r av e . I ts e em s t h a t f r om t h e 7t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , o t he r m ean s , n o tab ly b a r row s , g r ave s t ruc tu r e s a nd /o r c of in s w e r e u sed t os i gn if y t h e s t a tu s o ft h e d ecea sed o r t h e i r k i n , f i r s t c omp lemen t ing , a nd e v en tua l ly r ep la c ing , g r av e g ood s . T he r ef o r e , t h e se f a c to r s m u s t a l so b e t a k en i n to a c coun t i na ny a s se s smen t o ft h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e o ft h e K en t i sh c eme t e r ie s . T he s y s t em o fc omb ined s c o r e s f o r b o th a s semb lage s o fg r ave g ood s , a nd g r ave f e a tu re s , i sa n a t t emp t t od o t h i s . I nf a c t , i tm ay s t i l l b i a sed t owa rd sg r ave g ood s ; b a r row s a nd f e a tu r e s s u ch a sg r ave s t r uc tu re s m ay h ave s i gn if ied g r ea t e r w ea l th a nd /o r s t a tu s t h an t h e s y s tem u s ed h e r e g i ve s t h em . T he re i sp robab ly a l so a n i n he r en t b i a s t owa rd s l ow e rs c o re s i nt h i s s y s tem , d u e t om any f e a tu r e s t h a tw ou ld h ave r e su l t ed i nh i ghe r s c o r e s f o rg r ave s ( p a r t icu l a r ly s t ru c tu ra lf e a tu r e s )n o tb e ing r e cogn i sed o rr e co rded b yp r e -mode rn e xcava to r s . I tm ay b e s i gn if i can tt h a tM i l l H i l l I ,t h em o s tr e cen t ly e x cava ted c eme te ry a mong t h o se l i s t ed i nT ab le 1 44 , h a s t h e l ow e s t p e rcen tage o f g r av e s w i th 0 p o in t s o f a ny o f t h e c eme te r ie s w i thou t l a rge n umbe r s o f r e co rd ed b a r row s . N one the le s s , am ode l o fs o c ia l s t ruc tu r eb a sed o n ac omb ina t ion o fg r ave g ood s a nd o t h e rf e a tu r e s i sl i ke ly t ob em o r ea c cu ra te t h an o ne b a sed o ng r ave g ood sa l one . U s ing t h e s y s tem o fs t a tu s s c o r e s , t h e p ropo r t ion s o fb u r ia l s a s se s sed a sb e ing o fh i gh , m idd le a nd l ow s t a tu si nb o th e a s ta nd w e s tK en td u r ing t h e 5t h a nd 6t hc e n t u r ie s , a nd i nw e s tK en td u r ing t h e 7t h a nd 8t h c en tu r i e s , a r e r ough ly t h e s ame a st h o se d e r ived f r om l o ok ing a tg r ave g ood s a l one . H oweve r , a mong s i t e s i ne a s t K en t d a ted t ot h e 7t h a nd 8t h c en tu r ie s , w he r e ah i gh p ropo r t ion o fb a r row s ( a nd c off in s )

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C hap te r 1 6

w e re r e co rded b y F aus se t t a nd o t he r s , ad i f f e ren t p a t te rn e me rge s . T he p ropo r t ion o fg r ave s r a ted a s h i gh s t a tu s ( 7 o r mo re p o in t s ) r i se s t oa lmo s t 4 0% . T he p ropor t ion r a ted a s l ow s t a tus ( 0 -2 p o in t s ) i s a l so h ighe r t h an f o r t h e s amp le a s aw ho le ( 36 .2% c ompa red t o2 9 .8% ) , a l though s i gn if i can t ly l owe r t h an t h ep ropor t ion i nt h ec eme te r ie so fP o lh i l l a nd H o lbo rough i nw e s tK en t . T he p ropo r t ion o fg rave s r a ted a sb e ing o f' m idd le s t a tu s ' f a l ls f r om b e tween 4 0% -54% t ol e s st h an aq ua r te r( 23 .9% ) . T he i mp l ica t ion s o f t h e se p a t te rn s f o r o u r m ode ls o f K en t ish s o c ia l s t ruc tu re d u r ing t h e 5t h t o 8t h c en tu r ie s d epend u pon o u r v i ew o ft h e c omp le tene s s o ft h e a r chaeo log ica l r e co rd . I fc eme te r ie s w he r e t h e m a jo r i ty o fg rave s w e re c ove red b y ab a r row m ound w e re m o r e w ide sp read t han t h e i r r e co rded d i s t r ibu t ion ( wh ich , a s h a s b een s a id , m ay h ave b een p r ima r i ly a r e su l t o f p rox im i ty t o F au s se t t 's h ome ) , t h en t h e p a t te rn o fs oc ia l s t ruc tu re o u t l ined f o r t h e 7t h8t h c en tu ry s i te s d i scu s sed a bove m ay h ave a pp l ied a c ro s s K en td u r ing t h a tp e r iod . I ft h i s w e re t h e c a se , t h en mode l s t ha t s ugge s t ag row ing l ow s t a tu s p opu la t ion , a nd r ad ica l ly r educed h i gh s t a tu s , p opu la t ion b e ing b u r ied i n t h e c eme te r ie s d u r ing t h e 7t h a nd 8t h c en tu r ie s , m ay b e f l awed . I n s tead , i ft h e p a t ter na ppa ren t i nt h e l a te e a s t K en t i sh c eme te r ies w e re t ob e e x t rapo la ted , t h e p i c tu re i so ne o fa n i n c rea s ing ly p o la r i sed s oc ia l s t ruc tu re , w i th t h e p ropo r t ion s o fb o th h igh a nd l ow s t a tu s g roup s w i th in t h e p opu la t ion e xpand ing a tt h e e xpen se o f t h e m idd le s t a tu s g roup . T h i s m igh t b e t a ken a se v idence o fa n i n c r ea s ing ly s oc ia l ly d i v ided s oc ie ty . H oweve r , i ft h e l a ck o fl a rge n umbe r s o fb a r row s a tt h e o t he rs i te s i nK en tr ef lec t s at r ue p a t ter n , t h en a d if e ren t mode l c ou ld b e s ugge s ted , i nw h ich , f r om t h e 7 `h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , s t a tu s a nd w ea l th b ecome s f u r the rc oncen t ra ted i ne a s tK en t , w h i le t h e p ropor t ion o ft h e p opu la t ion i nw e s t K en t c on s ide r ed ' h igh s t a tu s ' s h r ink ss i gn if ican t ly . I na c tua l i ty , b o th t h e se m ode ls m ay b e p a r t ia l ly a ccu ra te , w i th K en t i sh s oc ie ty b ecom ing i n c r ea s ing ly p o la r i sed a st h e 7t h c en tu ry p rog re s sed , a nd w ea l th a nd p owe r b ecom ing f u r the r c oncen t ra ted i ne a s t K en t , a s , f r om p e rhap st h e l a te 6t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , w e s t K en t f e l l u nde rt h e c on t ro l o ft h e e a s tK en t i sh e l i te . T he se a nd o t he ri s sue sw i l l b e e xp lo red f u r the r i nt h e f o l low ing c hap te r . i .S ummary . T he A ng lo -Saxon m or tua ry r i te w a s ac omp lex f o rm o fb ehav iou r( i n K en t e ven mo re c omp lex t h an i n o t he r r eg ion s ) , m ean t t oc onvey s i gna l s a nd m e ssages a bou t t h e s o c ia l , e t hn ic a nd /o r k i n g roup o ft h e d ecea sed . A t temp t ing t od ec iphe r t h e m ean ing s b eh ind t h ese m e s sage s , s epa ra ted b y t ime a nd c u l tu r e a sw e a r e , a nd w i th a b ody o fd a ta t h a t i sb o th i n comp le te , a nd o fv e ry v a r iab le q ua l i ty , i sn ex t t o i mpo s s ib le . T he a na ly s i so fj u s tu nde r3 , 000 K en t i sh b u r ia l st h a t f o rmed t h e s ub jec to fC hap te r s 116 o ft h i st h e s i s b ea r s t h i s o u t . No c l ea r -cu t r u le s o r l aw s c ou ld b e i d en t if ied , o n ly p a t te rns a nd g ene ra l c o r re la t ion s . T og o b eyond t h i s , t oi n f e rence s a bou tt h e s oc ia l , e t hn ic , a nd c u l tu ra l s i gn if icance a nd m ean ing o ft h e K en t i sh mo r tua ry r i t e , a nd t ot h e s oc ie ty w h ich l a y b eh ind i t ,r e qu i r e s amove b eyond t h e c onf ine s o f t h i s s pec if i c s amp le o fg raves , t ot h e w ide r a r chaeo log ica l a nd h i s to r ica l c on tex t o f 5t h t o 8t h c en tu ry A ng lo -Saxon K en t , a nd i n deed ,N or ther nE u rope . T h is w i l l b e a t t emp ted i nt h e f o l low ing c hap te r .

2 48

C hap t e r 1 7

C hap ter 1 7 : D i scu s s ion . i .I n troduc t ion . I nt h e p r eced ing c hap te r s d a ta o n al a rge s amp le o fK en t i sh A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s w a s a na ly sed a nd a n umbe ro fs i gn if ican tp a t te rn s a nd c o r re la t ion s i d en t if ied . T he a im i nt h i s c hap t e r i st od r aw u pon t h a t a na ly s i s a nd , i nc omb ina t ion w i th aw ide rp e r spe c t iv e o n t h e a r chaeo log ica l r e co rd , t om ov e t owa rd s a c l ea r e ru nde r s tand ing o ft h er o le s a nd m ean ing s o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon m or tua ry r i t e a sp r ac t i sed i nK en t , p r io rt ot h e a dop t ion o fb u r ia l i nc hu r chya rd s . A n a temp t w i l l a l so b e m ade t od r aw w ha t i n f e r en ce s a r ep o s s ib le f r om t h eb u r ia l e v idence a bou tt h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e , a nd e t hn ic a nd c u l tu ra l a f f in i t ie s , o ft h e p opu la t ion b u r ied i nt h e se c eme t e r ie s , a nd a bou tt h e w ide rs o c ie ty o fK en t a s aw ho le d u r ing t h e 5 ` "t o 8t h c en tu r ie s . H oweve r , a s w a s s t a t ed i n C hap t e r 3 , a l though t h e b u r ia l a r chaeo logy p r ov ide s a n e x ce l len t( t hough n o tp e rf ec t )m ed ium t h rough w h ich t os t udy A ng lo -Saxon a t t i tude st o , a nd t r ea tmen t o f ,t h e d ead , i tm ay b ep rov id ing av e ry d i s to r ted o rm i s lead ing p i c tu re o fA ng lo -Saxon s o c ie ty i nl i f e . T hu s , w h i l s t i ti sp o s s ib le t os p ecu la t e , o n t h e b a s i s o ft h e a r chaeo log ica l ly v i s ib le r emnan t s o ft h e f u n e ra lr i t e , a bou tt h e s o c ie ty c a r ry ing o u tt h o se r i t e s , i tmu s t a lway s b e r emembe r ed t h a tt h e i mag e o f s o c ie ty b e ing p ro jec ted a tt h ef u ne ra lm ay , a nd p r obab ly d i d , r e f lec ta n i n a ccu ra te v i s ion o ft h a ts o c ie ty . I ts h ou ld b e r emembe red t h a t i nd i scu s s ing s u ch q ue s t ion s a s s o c ia l s t a tu s a nd s t ruc tu r e w i th in t h e p opu la t ion b u r ied i nt h e c eme t e r ie s , w e a r e d i scu s s ing t h em a ss e en t h rough t h e f u ne ra l r i t e a nd t h a t t h i si sn o tn ece s sa r i ly ar e f lec t ion o ft h em i nr e a l i ty . i .D i scu s s ion . Wha t w a s t h e r o le a nd p u rpo se o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon m o r tua ry r i t e i nK en t p r io r t o t h e a dop t ion o f c hu r chya rd b u r ia l? T h i s q u e s t ion i sp e rhap s t h e c e n t ra l o ne o ft h i s w o rk . I ti su n l ike ly t h a t as i ng le a n swe rc an b e f o und t oi t . T he b u r ia l s w i th w h ich t h i s w o rk i sc once rned w e r e b e ing d ug b e tween t h e 5t ht o 8t h c en tu r ie s a tl e a s t , ap e r iod o fb e tween 3 00 -400 y ea r s . W i th in t h i s p e r iod , t h e r e i se v idence o f c hang ing p r ac t i se s a nd r i t e s ; t h e g r ow th , p eak a nd d ec l ine i n t h e d epo s i t ion o f g r ave g ood s , t h e a pp ea rance a nd g r ow th i nt h eu s eo fb a r row sa nd o t he rv i s ib le g r ave m a rke r s , a nd e v idence o fc hang ing p a t t e rn s o fs oc ia l s t ruc tu r e i nt h e p opu la t ion b e ing b u r ied . R eg iona l v a r ia t ion s w i th in K en t a r e a l so a ppa r en t , mo s tn o tab ly b e tween e a s t a nd w e s t K en t . T hu s i ts e em s l i k e ly t h a t t h e r o le o ft h e f u ne r a ry r i t e s , a nd t h e m ean ing s a t ta ched t ot h em , c hang ed o ve rt i me ( a nd p e rhap s b e tween r e g ion s ) . F rom t h e e v idence , i ti sp o s s ib le t ot h eo r i se a bou t w ha t t h e se m ean ing s a nd r o le s m ay h ave b een a nd h ow t h ey m ay h ave c hanged o ve rt ime . H owev e r , b ef o r et h i s i sa t t emp ted , i tw ou ld b e a pp rop r ia t et os umma r i se w ha tt h e e v iden ce o ft h e a na ly s i s i nt h e p r eced ing c hap te r s s ugge s t s a bou t t h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e o ft h e p opu la t ion b e ing b u r ied i nt h ec eme t e r ie s . A g e a nd g ende r a r e l i ke ly t o h ave b een i mpo r tan t f a c to r s ( b u t b y n o m ean s t h e o n ly o ne s ) i n d e t e rm in ing a n i n d iv idua l 's p l a ce a nd r o le w i th in s o c ie ty . T hey a r e a l so t h e a s pec t s o fa n i n d iv idua l 's i d en t i ty a bou tw h ich r e l iab le ( b u tn o ti n f a l l ib le )d a ta c an b e o b ta ined f r om s k e le ta lr ema in s . T he r ef o re , i nt h e p r eced ing c hap te r s e mpha s i s w a s p l a ced o n t h e r e la t ion sh ip b e tween a ge a nd g ende r , a nd t h e d i f f e r en t a spec t s a nd v a r iab le s o ft h e m o r tua ry r i t e ( g rave , g r ave s t ruc tu r e s a nd c on t en t s , g r av e g ood s e t c . ) . B a sed o n t h e p a t te rn s a nd c o r r e la t ion s o b se rv ed , t h e t r ea tmen t o ft h e d i f f e r en t g ende r s a nd a g e g r oup sc an b es umma r i sed a sf o l low s . I ft h e q uan t i ty a nd q ua l i ty o fg r ave g ood s p r ov ided d i d r ef lec t a n i n d iv idua l 's s o c ia l s t and ing , t h en t h e s o c ia l s t a tu s o fm en a ppea r st oh ave i n c r ea sed w i th a ge , a tl e a s t u p u n t i l e x t r eme o l d a g e w a s r e a ched ( o ve r 5 0 y ea r s ) . Among w omen , t h e p r ov i s ion o fg r ave g ood s r e ache s ap eak i nt e rm s o fq ua l i ty a nd q uan t i ty i nt h e 1 8 -30 y ea r o l d a g e r a ng e . T he r ea f te r , ac hange i nf ema le c o s tume , a way f r om t h e w ea r ing o fj ewe l le ry a nd c o sme t ic d r e s s a c ce s so r ie s ( p a r t icu la r ly b r ace le t s a nd f i nge r , e a r o rn eck la ce r i ng s ) , t owa rd s s imp le rc o s tum e s i sa ppa r en t . T o s ome e x t en tt h i s p robab ly r e f lec t s d i f f e r en tt a s t e s o r n o rm s i nf ema le c o s tume b e tween t h e a g e g r oup s . D r e s s a cce s so r ie s ( o the r t h an b rooche s o rb e l t s ) s how as t rong c o r r e la t ion w i th g i r l s a nd y oung w omen a nd m ay n o t h ave b een a pp rop r ia t e i t em s f o r o l d e rw omen . I ft h ey w e re n o t ,t h en t h e s c a r c i ty o ft h em i no l de rw omen 's g r ave s m ay b e u n r e la t ed t o s o c ia l s t a tu s . H oweve r , o t h e r t y pe s o fg r ave g ood s ( s uch a sv e s se l s ) w e r e a l so l e s s f r equen t i no l de r w omen 's g r ave s a nd i tm ay b e t h a t , i nc on t ra s t t om en , w omen 's s oc ia l s t a tu s ( a t l e a s t a sr e f lec t ed t h rough t h e f une ra lr i t e ) d im in i shed a f t e rt h ea ge o f3 0 . I ft h is w e re i n deed t h ec a se , i tm ay h av eb een a s ar e su l t o fd ec l in ing f e r t i l i ty a nd p hy s ica l a t t ra c t ivene s s , m ak ing t h em o fl e s s v a lue t om en t h an y oung e rw omen o fm a r r iag eab l ea nd c h i ldbea r ing a g e .

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Among i n d iv idua l s a bove t h e a g e o f5 0 y ea r s , s e ve ra l a s pec t s o ft h e m or tua ry r i t e s how c o r r e la t ion s w i th t h a to fc h i ld r en , mo s t n o tab ly t h e h i gh i n c idence o fb u r ia l w i th f l exed l i mb s a nd t h e p r ov i s ion o f f ew , o rn o , g r ave g ood s . T he f a c to rt h a tt h e se a ge g r oup s h av e i nc ommon m ay h ave b een d ep endence o n o t he r m embe r s o f s o c ie ty , t h e i n ab i l i ty t o c a r e e n t i r e ly f o r t h em se lve s . I tm ay h av e b een a n i n t en t ion t o i d en t if y t h em a s s u ch , a nd t o s e t t h em a pa r t f r om f u l ly i n dependen t a du l t s , w h ich i n f luenced t h e i rt r ea tmen tw i th in t h e f u ne ra lr i t e . A g e a nd g ende r w i l l , h oweve r , h ave m ade o n ly ap a r t ia l c on t r ibu t ion t oa n i n d iv idua l 's p l a ce w i th in s o c ie ty ( a nd h ence t h e i r t r ea tmen t i nt h e f u ne ra l r i t e ) . Membe r sh ip o f as o c ia l c l a s s a nd /o r e t hn ic o r c u l tu ra lg r oup w i l la l so h ave b een i mpor tan t( p e rhap sm o r e i mpo r tan t ) f a c to r s . T he a na ly s i si nC hap te r 1 6 o fs o c ia l s t a tu s , u s ing t h e s y s tem o fa s s ign ing p o in t s f o r g r av e g ood s a nd o t he r mod if i ca t ion s a nd a dd i t ion st ot h eg r ave , s ugge s ted t h a td u r ing t h e 5t ht o 6t h c en tu r ie st h ep opu la t ion o ft h eb u r ia lg r ound s i nb o th e a s t a nd w e s t K en t w a s b i a sed t owa rd s t h o se o fm idd le a nd h i gh s t a tu s ( i nd iv idua l s r a t ed a s s u ch u nd e r t h e s y s t em u s ed a c coun t ing f o r b e tw een 7 5 -8 1% o ft h e p opu la t ion b e ing b u r ied ) . Wh i l s t ' h igh ' , ' m idd le ' a nd ' l ow ' s t a tu s a r e r e la t iv e c oncep t s , t h e p i c tu r e o f as o c ia l ly ' t op h eavy ' p opu la t ion s e em sc l ea r . F u r the rmo r e , a ny i n accu ra cy i nt h es y s t em u s ed t om ea su r es o c ia ls t a tu s i sj u s ta sl i k e ly t o u nde r -e s t ima t e t h e n umbe r o fh i gh s t a tu s i n d iv idua l s a st h e r e ve r se ; i n deed t h o se r a ted a sl ow s t a tu s , w i thou t g r ave g ood s o ra ny g r ave m od if ica t ion s , m ay a l so h ave b een h i gh s t a tu s m embe r s o fs o c ie ty . T h i s i sm o re p robab le t h an t h e r e ve r se h ypo the s i s t h a t t h o se w i th ah i gh q uan e a nd q ua l i ty o fg r ave g ood sa nd g r ave m od if ica t ion sw e r e o fl ow s o c ia l s t a tu s o rw ea l th . D u r ing t h e 7t h a nd 8t h c e n tu r ie s , t h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e s ( w i th in t h e b u r ied p opu la t ion ) o fe a s t a nd w e s t K en t a ppea r t od i ve rge . I ne a s t K en t t h e p r opo r t ion s o ft h e p opu la t ion r a nked a s ' h igh ' o r l ow ' s t a tu s b o th e xpanded , a tt h e e xpen se o f t h o se i nt h em idd le s t a tu sr a ng e . I nw e s tK en tt h a tp a r to ft h ep opu la t ion r a nked a sl ow s t a tu s i n c r ea sed c on s ide rab ly , f r om l e s s t h an 1 9% t on ea r ly 4 5% o fb u r ia l s . T hu s i n c rea s ing n umbe r s o fl ow s t a tu s i n d iv idua l s a ppea rt oh ave b een b u r ied i nt h e c eme t e r ie s f r om t h e 7t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s a nd i ne a s tK en t t h e r ea ppea r st oh ave b een i n c rea s ing p o la r i sa t ion w i th in t h es o c ia ls t ruc tu re . I ta ppea r s , t h en , o nt h e b a s i s o ft h e a na ly s i s c a r r ied o u t i np r ev iou s c hap te r s t h a tt h e p opu la t ion b u r ied i nt h ec eme t e r ie sw ou ld a ppea r , d u r ing t h e 5t ha nd 6t hc en tu r ie s ,t ob es o c ia l ly ' t op h eavy ' . F r om t h e 7t h c en tu ry ( o r p e rhap s t h e l a t e r 6t h c en tu ry ) o nwa rd s , i n c r ea s ing n umbe r s o fl ow s t a tu s i n d iv idua l s w e r e b u r ied i nt h e c eme te r ie s . T h i s l e ad s o n t ot h e q u e s t ion o fw ho w a s b e ing b u r ied i nt h e se c eme t e r ie s ; t h e e n t i r e p opu la t ion , o ro n ly s e lec ted p a r t s o fi t ? T he a n swe rt ot h i s q ue s t ion i sl i ke ly t ob e d i f f e r en t d epend ing o nt h ep e r iod b e ing d i scu s sed ( t he e v idence o fc hang ing s o c ia l s t ruc tu re s uppo r t st h i s b e l ie f ) a nd t h e r ef o re d i scu s s ion o fi t ,a nd t h er e la t ed i sue o ft h er o le o ft h e se b u r ia lr i t e s , i sb e s tu nde r taken o n ac h rono log ica l b a s i s . T o b eg in t oa dd r e s s t h e se q ue s t ion s , i ti sn ece s sa ry t h en t od i scu s s t h e 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t hc en tu r ie s , a nd t h en a tu r eo ft h e A d ven tu sS axonum ' . I nd i scu s s ing t h e t r iba l o r ig in s o ft h e E ng l i sh , B ede , w r i t ing i nt h e e a r ly 8t h c en tu ry , n o t ed t h a t t h e i n hab i tan t s o fK en t , t h e I s le o fW igh t , a nd s o u the rn H amp sh i re w e r e d e scended f r om t h e J u t e s . T h i s s t a t emen t , a lmo s t c e r ta in ly d e r ived f r om aK en t i sh s ou r ce , d oe s s ugg e s t t h a t s ou the rn S cand inav ian d e s cen t w a s p a r t o ft h e o r ig in m y th o ft h e K en t i sh e l i t e i nt h e l a t e 7t h a nd e a r ly 8t h c e n tu r ie s . T h e d i scove ry o f ar a nge o f s ou the rn S cand inav ian o b jec t s ( D -b ra c t ea te s , e a r ly s qua r e -head ed r e l ief b r ooche s a nd c r uc if o rm b rooche s ) i ne a s t K en t w a s t a k en b y m any s c ho la r s a s p roof o ft h e J u t i sh o r ig in s o fm uch o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon p opu la t ion o fe a s t K en t . H oweve r , t h e r a nge o f' J u t i sh ' m a t e r ia l i nt h e g r ave s o fK en t i ss ma l l c ompa r ed t oo b jec t s o fF r ank i sh o r ig in , a nd w he r e p o s s ib ly J u t i sh i t em s a ppea r i ng r ave s t h ey a r e u sua l ly i ng r ave s o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry , r a the r t h an e a r l ie r . F u r the rmo re , s ma l l n umbe r s o f o b jec t s o f o t he r e t hn ic a f f in i t ie s ( i nc lud ing A ng le , S axon , a nd p o s s ib ly F r i s ian , a mong o t h e r s ) h ave b een f o und i ne a s t K en t . T hu s t h e e t hn ic a nd c u l tu ra l a ff in i t ie s o ft h e p opu la t ion o fe a s t K en t d u r ing t h e M ig ra t ion p e r iod w ou ld a ppea r t o h ave b een r a the r m o re c omp lex t h an B ede 's s t a t emen ts ugg e s t s . T h e q u e s t ion o ft h e p r e sence o f J u te s i nA ng lo -Saxon E ng land h a s b een t h e s ub jec t o f as t udy b y P em i l le S o r en sen ( So ren sen f o r thcom ing ) . S o r en sen a r gue s t h a t t h e p r e sence o f o b jec t s o fs ou the rn S cand inav ian o r ig in i nE ng land ( a nd s p ec if ica l ly t h ec on t ex t s i nw h ich t h ey a r e f ound ) d on o ts uppo r ta m od e l o fJ u t i sh i mm ig ra t ion t oK en t i nt h e m id 5t h c e n tu ry , o r a' J u t i sh P ha se ' o fc .4 50 -500 . R a the r , S o r en sen s ugg e s t s t h a t ' J u t i sh ' o b jec t s w e r e u t i l i sed a sb adge s o fe t hn ic i d en t i ty b y ac ompa ra t ive ly s ma l l e l i t e , a tl e a s t s ome o fw hom w e r e o fJ u t i sh d e scen t , b u t w h ich i sl i ke ly t o h ave a l so i n c luded m embe r s o fo t he r e t hn ic g r oup s w ho h ad b e come a f f i l ia t ed t oo ne o r m o re J u t i sh l e ad e r s . S o ren sen d oe s r e cogn i se t h a t J u t i sh c r af t smen p robab ly m ig ra t ed t oK en t ( p e rhap s i n c lud ing B akka 's ' Ken t i sh Ma s t e r ' ; s e eB akka 1 958 ) a nd a r gue st h a ti nf a c t m any o ft h e r e l ief b r ooche s a nd D -b ra c t ea t e s f o und i n

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K en th ad a c tua l ly b een m anuf a c tu r ed t h e re t os a t i sf yt h e e a s tK en t i sh e l i t e 's d e s i r e f o r ' J u t i sh ' o b jec t s . I na temp t ing t or e f u t e t h e c a se f o r am a s s J u t i sh m ig ra t ion t oK en t d u r ing t h e 5t h c en tu ry , S o r en sen p o in t s t ot h e m a in ly 6t h c en tu ry b u r ia l c on t ex t s o f ' J u t i sh ' a r tef a c t s i nK en t ( many w e r e i n aw o rn c ond i t ion , i mp ly ing t h ey h ad b een k ep t a sh e i r loom s ) , t h e c o r r e spond ing l a ck o fa ny i d en t if iab le 56 1 c en tu ry J u t i sh g r ave s i nK en t , a nd t h e c on t ra s t b e tw een K en t i sh b u r ia l p r a c t i se s a nd t h e ' m in ima l i s t ' i n huma t ion s o fc on tempo ra ry s ou the rn S cand inav ia . T he t h eo ry t h a t m any S cand inav ian o b jec t s i n K en t i sh g r ave s w e r e o l d , a nd h ad b een k ep ta sh e i r loom s b ef o r e f i na l ly b e ing b u r ied , t i e s i nw i th B i r te B rugmann 's s t ud ie s o f 6t h c en tu ry K en t i sh g r ave s . B rugmann s ugg e s ted ( Pa r t in a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) t h a ta s as p ec if ica l ly K en t i sh i d en t i ty a nd m a t e r ia l c u l tu re d eve loped d u r ing t h e m idd le d ecade s o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry ,t h en t h en eed f o rs ou the rn S cand inav ian o b jec t sa sb adge so fe t hn ic i ty d ec l ined ; h ence t h ey w e r ed epo s i t ed i ng r ave s ,r a the rt h an p a s sed o na sh e i r loom s . T he se t h eo r ie s s ugg e s t am ode l o fm ig ra t ion p e r iod K en t i nw h ich t h e G e rman ic p opu la t ion w a s o ne o f m ixed e t hn ic o r ig in s , b u t i nt h e e a s t w a s a ppa r en t ly d om ina t ed b y a n e l i te w h ich h ad a dop t ed aJ u t i sh e t hn ic i d en t i ty . F o rs ome ,t h i s i d en t i ty w a sb a sed o nt h e i rt r ue e t hn ic o r ig in s ,b u tf o ro t he r s i tm ay h ave b een o ne t h a tw a sa r t if ic ia lo rm y tho log ica l( So r en sen f o r thcom ing ) . I na dd i t ion t oq ue s t ion sa bou tt h eo r ig in so ft h eG e rman ic i mm ig ran t st oK en t( a nd E ng land g en e ra l ly ) , t h e r e i st h e i s sue o ft h e e x t en t t ow h ich t h e n a t iv e , s ub -Roman , p opu la t ion s u rv ived . S ome s c ho la r s t a k e t h e v i ew t h a t G e rman ic i mm ig ran t s t oE ng land o n ly e v e r a ccoun ted f o r as ma l l m ino r i ty o ft h e p opu la t ion o fA ng lo -Saxon E ng land , t h e r ema ind e r o fw hom i n s tead c on s i s ted o ft h e d e scendan t s o f t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p opu la t ion . S ome o ft h e m o s t c omp r ehen s ive a r gumen t s f o r t h i s t h eo ry w e re p u t f o rwa rd b y N icho la s H igham ( H igham 1 992 ) . H igham a t t emp ted t o c ha l lenge a l t h e c l a s se s o f e v idence t h a th ave b een u s ed t os uppo r tm ode l so fm a s sG e rman ic i mm ig ra t ion t oB r i ta in d u r ing t h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ie s( n ame ly , g r ave g ood s , l a nguag e , p l a ce -name s a nd h i s to r ica l s ou r ce s ) . H igham a r gued t h a t n one o ft h e se b od ie s o fd a ta p r ov ide p o s i t iv e e v idence f o r l a rg e s c a le G e rman ic i mm ig ra t ion t o B r i ta in ( i b id . ) . I n s tead , h e p r opo sed am od e l w he r eby s ma l l w a r r io rb and s o fG erman ic o r ig in b ecame m i l i ta r i ly a nd p o l i t ica l ly d om inan tw i th in e a s t e rn E ng land . F o rt h e s u rv iv ing B r i t i sh p opu la t ion , s o c ia l c ompe t i t ion w ou ld ,a c co rd ing t oH igham , h ave n ece s s i ta t ed a nd f a c i l i ta t ed t h e a dop t ion o ft h e l a nguage a nd c u l tu r eo ft h eA ng lo -Saxon e l i t e . I ns u ch a ne t hn ica l ly m ixed a nd f l u id s oc ie ty ,t h ep r ima ry r o le o f t h e ' Ang lo -Saxon ' b u r ia l r i t e ( b eyond t h e f u nc t iona l o ne o fd i spo sa l o ft h e c o rp se ) i sl i ke ly t oh ave b een o ne o fe s tab l i sh ing t h e G e rman ic i d en t i ty o ft h e d ecea sed a nd t h e i rk i n , w he the rt h a t i d en t i ty w a s i n he r i t ed o ra dop t ed . H owev e r , t h e q ue s t ion o f t h e e t hn ic c on s t i tu t ion o f t h e p opu la t ion o f m ig ra t ion p e r iod K en t i s e s sen t ia l ly o ne o f p ropo r t ion s , r a the r t h an a b so lu t e s . F ew t o day s e r iou s ly a r gue t h a t t h e e n t i re p opu la t ion o fA ng lo -Saxon E ng land w a s o fG e rman ic d e scen ta nd t h a tt h e B r i t i sh p opu la t ion h ad b een c omp le t e ly e x t e rm ina t ed o r d r iven o u t . A t t h e o t h e r e nd o f t h e s c a le , H igham p robab ly t o ok t h e m in ima l i s tt h eo ry o fG e rman ic m ig ra t ion a bou ta sf a ra si tc an g o ; e ven h e , h ow eve r , h ad t oa low f o r t h ep r e sence o fs ome G e rman ic i mm ig ran t s i nE ng land . T hu s , t h e i s sue i s ;w ha t p ropo r t ion o fK en t 's p opu la t ion d u r ing t h e m ig ra t ion p e r iod w a s o fG e rman ic d e scen t , a nd w ha t p ropor t ion w a s o fB r i t i sh d e scen t ? A l so , w ha t w e re t h e e t hn ic o rt r iba l o r ig in s o ft h e G e rman ic e l emen t o ft h e p opu la t ion a nd , s p e c if i ca l ly , w ha tp ropo r t ion , i fa ny , w a s o fJ u t i sh d e scen t? A nd w ha t t h en w a s t h e i n i t ia l r o le o ft h e ' Ang lo -Saxon ' b u r ia lr i t ea sp r a c t i sed i nK en t ? T od ea lw i th t h ef o rme ri sue f i r s t , w h i l s tH igham r a i sed m any v a l id p o in t s i nc ha l leng ing t h ee v idence f o rm a s sG e rman ic i mm ig ra t ion t oE ng land , h e f a i led t op r oduce a ny s ub s tan t ia l p o s i t ive e v idence t h a t s u ch am ig ra t ion h ad n o t t a ken p l ace . H ence , t h e p o s s ib i l i ty t h a t G e rman ic i mm ig ran t s e ven tua l ly f o rmed al a rge p ropo r t ion o ft h em ig ra t ion p e r iod p opu la t ion o fs ou ther na nd e a s te rn E ng land r ema in s . I nK en t , a si nm o s t o t he r a r ea s o fE ng land , t h e s u rv iv ing B r i t i sh p opu la t ion r ema in s a r cha eo log ica l ly a lmo s t i n v i s ib le . W i thou tt h e l a rg e sca le e x t r ac t ion a nd c ompa r i son o f DNA s amp le s , i ti si mpo s s ib le t oc e r ta in ly e s tab l i sh t h ee t hn ic d e scen to fp a r t icu la ri n d iv idua l s f r om t h eb u r ia l e v id ence . T he w ea r ing o fd r e s s a c ce s so r ie s s u ch a sb r ooche s , e ven w he r e t h e c u l tu ra l o r ig in s o ft h o se a r tef ac t s i sr e a sonab ly c e r ta in , d oe s n o tp rove t h e g ene t ic i d en t i ty o ft h e w ea r e r . R a the r , t h ey i n d ica te t h e e t hn ic a nd c u l tu ra l i d en t i ty t h a tt h a ti n d iv idua lh ad c ho sen t oa dop t , o rt h a tt h ed ecea sed 's k i nh ad c ho sen t os i gn if yv i at h e f u n e ra lr i t e . I ti sl i ke ly t h a ti nt h e m ig ra t ion p e r iod e t hn ic a nd c u l tu ra l i d en t i t ie s w e r e i n as t a te o ff l ux a nd t h a t e t hn ic i ty w a s a dop t ed , m od i f ied o r a bandoned t o s u i t t h e n eed s o f c u l tu ra l a nd s o c ia l c ompe t i t ion . H oweve r , w h i l s tt h e e t hn ic i d en t i ty o fs p ec if i c i n d iv idua l s m ay b e b eyond t h e m ean s o f t h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd t oe s tab l i sh , t h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu ry b u r ia l s o fK en t d o p rov ide m o r e g ene ra l e v idence a bou tt h e n a tu r e o ft h e m ig ra t ion p e r iod p opu la t ion o fK en t . F i r s t ly , t h e r e i st h e s ugg e s t ion

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f r om t h e a na ly s i s i nC hap t e r 1 6 t h a t , i nb o th e a s t a nd w e s t K en t d u r ing t h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ie s , t h e s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e o ft h e i d en t if i ed b u r ied p opu la t ion w a s l op h eavy ' , w i th t h o se r a nked a s' h igh s t a tu s ' s i gn if i can t ly o u tnumbe r ing t h o se r a nk ed a sl ow s t a tu s ' . T he i mp l ica t ion f r om t h is p a t t e rn i st h a t o n ly ap a r t o ft h e t o ta l p opu la t ion , a nd o ne w e igh t ed t owa rd s t h e h i ghe r e nd o ft h e s oc ia l s c a le , w a s b e ing b u r ied i nt h er e cogn i sed 5t ha nd 6t hc en tu ry c eme t e r ie s . T he f a te o ft h er e s to ft h ep opu la t ion i su nc lea r , b u t i ft h ey w e r e b e ing b u r ied w i thou t g r ave g ood s a nd o u t s ide o fe s tab l i shed b u r ia l g r ound s ( a s w a s p o s s ib ly t h ec a se w i th t h eu nda t ed b u r ia l s f r om D o l land 's Moo r ,N ew ing ton ; s i t e 1 95 ) , t h en t h ey w ou ld b eh a rd t oi d en t if ya r cha eo log ica l ly . T he s ma l l n umbe ro f 5t hc en tu ry b u r ia l st h u s f a ri d en t if i ed i nK en t c e r ta in ly i mp l ie s t h a t w e a r e n o t f i nd ing o r r e cogn i s ing t h e r ema in s o f t h e w ho le s p ec t r um o ft h e K en t i sh p opu la t ion o ft h i sp e r iod . T he r e i sa l so t h e e v idence o fs t a tu r e . I nC hap te r 1 2 a n u nu sua l ly l a rge d i f f e r en t ia l i na ve rag e s t a tu r e b e tw een a du l t m a le s a nd f ema le s o f 5t h t o 6t h c en tu ry d a t e w a s i d en t if ied , r e inf o rc ing t h e p a t t e rn e s tab l i shed f r om t h e s k e le ton s a tM i l l H i l l I( Pa r t-i n a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) . T h i s d if e r en t ia l w a s s u b s tan t ia l ly r e duced f o rb u r ia l so f 7t ht o 8t h c e n tu ry d a te . Ap o s s ib le e xp lana t ion f o rt h i sp a t t e rn i so ne i nw h ich t h e 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu ry p opu la t ion c on s i s t ed o fm a le sa nd f ema le s f r om d i f f e ren te t hn ic g r oup s ( s pec if i ca l ly ,G e rman ic m a le s a nd B r i t i sh f ema le s ) . T he i rp r e sence t o ge the ri nt h e s ame b u r ia lg r ound s i mp l ie st h a tt h ey w e r e i n t e r -ma r ry ing ,a nd t h i st h eo ry i ss uppo r t ed b yt h er e duc t ion o ft h ed i f f e ren t ia l i n h e igh t b e tween t h e g ende r s i n t h e l a t e r p opu la t ion , a s ar e su l t o f i n te r -b r eed ing ( i t s hou ld b e r emembe r ed t h ough t h a t t h e f i gu r e s o n s t a tu r e u s ed i nt h i s s t udy w e r e b a sed o n d a ta f r om o n ly 1 26 a du l t s ) . O n t h e f a ce o fi tt h en , a s pec t s o ft h e K en t i sh b u r ia l r e co rd c ou ld b e t a ken t os uppo r t a' m in ima l i s t ' v i ew o fG e rman ic m ig ra t ion . T h i sv i ew w ou ld b et h a tt h er e la t ive ly s ma l l n umbe r s o fi d en t if i ed 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry g r ave s w e r et h o se o fa n e l i te c l a s s o n ly , c on s i s t ing o fG e rman ic m en a nd t h e i r B r i t i sh w iv e s . T he b u lk o ft h e p opu la t ion w a s b e ing b u r ied , o r o t he rw i se d i spo sed o f , e l sewhe r e . H igham ( 1 992 ) s ugg e s ted a s im i la r s c ena r io , a r gu ing t h a t t o o f ew 5t h c en tu ry G e rman ic g r ave s h ave b een i d en t if i ed ( a nywhe r e i nE ng land ) t oc on s t i tu t e am a s s m ig ra t ion . S o r en sen a l so p o in ted t ot h e l a ck o f 5t h c en tu ry J u t i sh g r ave s i nK en t a se v id ence t h a tt h e J u t i sh p r e sence r e p r e sen ted as ma l l e l i t e , r a the r t h an l a rg en umbe r so fm ig ran t s . H ow ev e r , w h i l s t i ti sp o s s ib le t om oun t ac ha l leng e t oe a ch o ft h e i n d iv idua l a spec t s o ft h e d a ta t h a t s u ppo r t am ode l o f l a rge s c a le G e rman ic i mm ig ra t ion , c o l lec t ive ly t h e se e l emen t s ( h i s to r ica l , a r cha eo log ica l , l i ngu i s t ic ) s t i l l h ave c on s ide rab le w e igh t . C onve r se ly , t h e r e i sl i t t le o r n o p o s i t ive e v id ence t h a tt h ea l te rna t ive m ode lo f at a k eov e rb ye l i t e w a r r io rb and s i sa c tua l ly w ha to ccu r r ed . T ha t t h e i n d iv idua l s b e ing b u r ied i nt h e i d en t if i ed m ig ra t ion p e r iod c eme t e r ie s o fK en t w e r e o n ly ap o r t ion o ft h ee n t i re p opu la t ion ( a nd al a rg e ly h i gh s t a tu sp o r t ion ) i ss uppo r t ed b yt h ee v idence . B u ti td o e sn o t n ece s sa r i ly f o l low f r om t h i s t h a t , t h e r ef o r e , t h e p a r t o ft h e p opu la t ion w ho se b u r ia l s h ave n o t b een i d en t if ied m u s t b e e xc lu s ive ly o fR omano -B r i t i sh d e scen t . I ne s sence s u ch at h eo ry i sb a sed o n t h e p r em i se t h a t ' as ma l l n umbe r o fi d en t if i ed 5t h c e n tu ry A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s e qua te s t o as ma l l n umbe r o f 5t h c en tu r y G e rman ic m ig ran t s , w h i l s t v i r tua l ly n o i d en t if ied 5t h c en tu ry B r i t i sh g r ave s e qua t e s t oa l a rg eB r i t i sh p opu la t ion ' . T h i sr e p r e sen t s ac on t rad ic t ion a nd , w h i l s tt h e e v idence d oe s s ugge s tt h a tw e a r e n o t r e cogn i s ing t h e b u r ia l s o f al a rg e p a r t o ft h e K en t i sh p opu la t ion o ft h e m ig ra t ion p e r iod , w e c anno tt h e ref o r e s imp ly a s sume t h a tt h e a r cha eo log ica l ly l e s s v i s ib le p a r t c on s i s ted o fo n ly o ne e t hn ic g r oup . H oweve r , t h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd i n K en t s uppo r t s a n a l ter na t ive mode l , o ne i n w h ich G e rman ic m ig ra t ion p l ay s al a rge rr o le t h an a lowed b y H igham a nd p o s s ib ly o ne i nw h ich t h e ' J u t i sh ' e l em en ti ss t rong e rt h an s ugge s ted b yS o r en sen . S o r en sen h a s p o in ted o u tt h e c on t ra s t b e tween t h e b u r ia l p r a c t ice s o fm ig ra t ion p e r iod K en t a nd t h o se o f c on tempo ra ry s ou the rn S cand inav ia , a nd s ugg e s t ed t h a t t h e l a ck o f s im i la r i ty b e tween t h em i s f u r the re v idence a ga in s tt h e r eh av ing b een l a rg es c a le J u t i sh m ig ra t ion t oe a s tK en t . K en t i sh b u r ia l s , a t l e a s t f r om t h e b eg inn ing o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , a r e c ha ra c t e r i sed b y t h e w ide sp r ead p r ov i s ion o f g r ave g ood s , w i th as ub s tan t ia l p ropo r t ion o f' wea l thy ' b u r ia l s a nd l a rge n umbe r s o fi mpo r t ed o b jec t s . I nc on t ra s t , S o ren sen p o in t s t ot h e " m in ima l i s t " b u r ia l r i t e o fs ou ther n S cand inav ia , w he r e i nf a c t t h e m a jo r i ty o fm e ta lwo rk f i nd s ( s uch a sb r ooche s a nd b r a c tea t e s ) c ome f r om h oa rd s r a the r t h an g r ave s . T h i s s ugge s t s t h a tt h e m o r tua ry p r ac t ice s t h a t b ecame e s tab l i shed t h roughou t m o s t o fK en t d u r ing t h e 6t h c en tu ry w e r e n o t , a tl e a s t e n t i r e ly , d e r iv ed f r om J u t i sh o r ig in s . F rom w hence w e r e t h ey d e r iv ed? T he p r a c t ice o f i n huma t ion f u l ly c l o thed , w i th c on s ide rab le n umbe r s o f g r ave g ood s ( i nc lud ing w eapon s a nd j ewe l le ry ) , a nd w i th g r av e s l a id o u t i nr ow s o rc l u s te r s , s e em s t oh ave d ev e loped a l ong t h e i n te rf ace b e tween L a te R oman a nd G e rman ic c u l tu re d u r ing t h e l a t e 4t h a nd 5t h c en tu r ie s . O n t h e

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c on t inen t i th a s b een a r gued ( n o tab ly b y B öhme 1 974 ) t h a t s u ch b u r ia l s i n i t ia l ly r e p r e sen ted t h o se o f G e rman ic f oed e ra t i( t r ibe sa lowed t os e t t le w i th in t h e Emp i r e , i nr e tur nf o rp rov id ing m i l i ta ry s e rv ice ) . Mo r e r e cen t ly , t h i s i n t e rp re ta t ion o ft h e b u r ia l s o fn or the rn G au l h a s b een q ue s t ioned ( Ha l sa l l 1 992 ) . H a l sa l l a r gued t h a t t h e se l a t e 4t h t o 5t h c en tu ry g r ave s w e r e a n i n su la r G a l lo -Roman i n nova t ion , u n connec ted t o G e rman ic i mm ig ra t ion , a nd t h a t i n s t ead i n huma t ion w i th g r ave g ood s r e a ched t h e G e rman ic t r ibe s v i a t h e F rank i sh e l i te o f t h e l a t e r 5t h c en tu ry ( i b id . ) , t h ough t h i s t h eo ry r ema in s c on t rove r s ia l . T he q ue s t ion o f t h e a r cha eo log ica l e v idence f o r p o s s ib le f e de ra te s e t t lemen t i n 5t h c e n t u ry B r i ta in w a s t h e s ub jec t o f ap ape r b y Ma r t in We lch ( We lch 1 993 ) . I n t h i s c on t ex t We lch d i scu s sed t h ew eapon g r ave , a nd o t he rf i nd s , f r om R ichbo rough , a nd c on s ide r ed t h ep o s s ib i l i ty t h a tt h i s c on s t i tu ted e v idence o f G e rman ic f e de ra t e s a mong t h e l a s t g a r r i son t h e r e , p e rhap s i nt h e e a r ly 5t h c e n tu ry , t h ough h e c onc lud ed t h a t w i thou t f u r the r e xcava t ion a tR ichbo rough , t h e n a tu r e o ft h i s b u r ia l a nd f i nd s w ou ld r ema in u nknown ( i b id . ) . We lch a l so d i scu s sed t h e 5t h c en tu ry b e l t s e t f r om M i l ton R eg i s ( s i te 1 82 ) , p o in t ing o u tt h a t i t sc on t ex t ( l a t e o rs u b -Roman c eme t e ry , o rA ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry ) i su nknown , a s i n deed i st h e c on tex t o fm uch o ft h e m e ta lwo rk , c h ie f ly b e l t -equ ipmen t , h e ld u p a s e v idence o ff e de ra te s e t t lemen ti nE ng land . We lch c onc luded b ys ugge s t ing t h a t : " . . the t o ta l n umbe r o fm a l e b u r ia l s a ccompan i ed b y w eapon s a nd / o r b e l t s e t s w h ich m igh t b e a t t r ibu ted t ot h ee a r l ie s tf ed e ra te si se x t reme ly l i m i t ed . . ." ( We lch 1 993 , 2 75 ) . H ow eve r , h e g ene ra l ly a c cep t ed t h a t t h e se g r ave s d i d r e p r e sen t t h e b u r ia l s o ff e de ra te s a nd d i d h av e s om ec onnec t ion w i th A ng lo -Saxon g r av e so ft h el a t e r 5t hc en tu ry . W i th in K en t ,h oweve r ,t h e n a tu r eo f t h er e la t ion sh ip b e tween g r av e s a nd f i nd s s u ch a st h o se f r om R ichbo rough a nd M i l ton R eg i s , w i th t h e f i r s t d ef in i te ly A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s o ft h e m id t o l a t e 5t h c en tu ry ( f rom s i te s s uch a s D a ren th a nd O rp ing ton i n We s t K en t , a nd B if ron s a nd L ym ing e Ii nE a s t K en t ) i sa mb iguou s . A ng lo -Saxon m e ta lwo rk a tR ichbo rough d oe s s ugg e s t t h e p r e sence o fa n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry , b u t t h i s m a te r ia l d a t e st ot h e 7t h o r 8t h c en tu r ie s , i mp ly ing n oc on t inu i ty w i th t h e c eme te ry f r om w h ich t h ew eapon g r ave c am e . F u r the rmo r e , w h i l s tl a t e R oman b u r ia lr i t e s a sp r a c t i sed i nK en tm igh tp rov ide a no the rp o ten t ia l o r ig in f o rt h e r i t e s o ft h e l a te r 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ie s , i ts hou ld b e r emembe r ed t h a t n o i n s tance o f al a te R oman b u r ia l g r ound c on t inu ing i nu s e i n to t h e e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod h a s b een i d en t if i ed i nK en t ( s e e C hap te r 8 ) . I ts e em s t h a t i nK en t , t h en , t h e r e w a s l i t t le d i rec t r e la t ion sh ip b e tween l a te R oman b u r ia l s ,t h ep o s s ib le f e de ra t eg r ave s o ft h ee a r ly 5t h c en tu ry a nd t h e e a r l ie s tA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s , f ew i f a ny o fw h ich n eed b ed a t ed t ob ef o re t h em id 5t h c e n tu ry , a nd m o s to fw h ich a ppea rt od a te a f t e rc .4 75 . N o tab ly , h oweve r , s ome o f t h e e a r l ie s t A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s f r om e a s t K en t , s u ch a s t h o se f r om L ym inge I , a r e c ha ra c t e r i sed b y ar a the r m ixed m a te r ia l c u l tu r e , i n c lud ing Q uo i t B rooch m e ta lwo rk , S axon b rooche s , a nd l a te 5t h c en tu ry F r ank i sh b e l t s e t s . F r om o t he r s i t e s a tL ym inge c ome c r uc if o rm b r ooche s , i n d ica t ive o f s ou ther n S cand inav ian i n f luence . T hu s , t h e i n hab i tan t s o f 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t h c e n t u ry L ym inge w e r e e mp loy ing ar a ng e o fo b jec t s o fd i v e r se c u l tu ra l o r ig in s , a nd s ome o ft h em a t l e a s tw e re e mp loy ing i n huma t ion w i th g r ave g ood s a st h e i r b u r ia l r i t e . T he c on t rove r s ie s s u r round ing t h eo r ig in so ft h i sb u r ia lr i t e i nG au l( La te R oman o rG e rman ic ) d o n o ta l te rt h e c onc lu s ion t h a t , d u r ing t h e m id - t ol a te 5t h c en tu ry , G e rman ic i mm ig ran t s s e t t led i nK en t . A s w a s p o in ted o u t i nC hap te r 1 0 , t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f 5t h c en tu ry A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s i nK en t ( s ee Map 1 0 ) s uppor t s ap i c tu re o fs e a b or n e m ig ran t s a r r iv ing f r om a c ro s s t h eN o r th S ea , a nd l a nd ing a r ound t h e Wan t sum C hanne l a nd t h e r i v e r st h a tf e ed i n to i t ,a nd a l ong t h eT hame sE s tua ry . S ome o ft h e se s e t t le r s m u s th ave e i the ra dop t ed i n huma t ion w i th g r ave g ood s o n t h e c on t inen t , v i a t h e F r ank s , o r h ave a dop t ed i ta f t e r c on ta c t w i th G e rman ic f e de ra t e s a l ready p r e sen t i nt h e r e g ion . H ow eve r , s ome c l ea r ly i n i t ia l ly e mp loyed o t he r b u r ia l r i te s ; c r ema t ion w i th b u r ia l i n ur n s w a s p r a c t i sed f o r al i m i t ed t ime i nb o th w e s t a nd e a s t K en t ( n o tab ly a ts i te s s u ch a sO rp ing ton , R i se ley , L ym ing e a nd We s tbe r e ) , b u t o t he r l e s s v i s ib le p r ac t ice s m ay a l so h ave b een u s ed , i n c lud ing t h e m in ima l i s t i n huma t ion r i t e s o f s ou the rn S cand inav ia ( B r ugmann s ugg e s t s t h a t t h e e a r l ie s t g r av e s i n K en t i sh c eme te r ie s s u ch a s B uck land a r e i n f a c t c h a ra c t e r i sed b y f ew , i fa ny g r ave g ood s ) . I ta ppea r s t h a t a s t ime p rog r e s sed , h oweve r , t h e r i t e o f e l abo ra te f ur n i shed i n huma t ion w a s i n c r ea s ing ly a dop t ed , i n c lud ing a mong g r oup s ( s uch a st h e J u t e s ) w ho h ad n o t p r ev iou s ly e mp loyed i t . T hu s , t h e p opu la t ion o fK en t , t h ough p robab ly r e p re sen t ing a c omp lex e t hn ic m ix , a nd e mp loy ing am a t e r ia l c u l tu r e d r awn f r om a v a r ie ty o f e t hn ic a nd c u l t u ra l c on t ex t s , i n c rea s ing ly t h rough t h e c ou r se o f t h e 6t h c en tu ry a dop ted o ne p a r t icu la r f o rm o f b u r ia l p r a c t ice ,o ne t h a tw a sp robab ly d e r ived e i the rf r om t h eF r ank s , o rf r om G e rman ic f e de ra te s ,o rb o th . I tf o l low s f r om t h i s t h a t t h e i n i t ia l ly s ma l l n umbe r s o ff ur n i shed ' Ang lo -Saxon ' b u r ia l s i d en t if i ed i n K en t c anno t b e t a ken a se v idence t h a t a ny p a r t icu la r e t hn ic g r oup w a s o n ly p r e sen t i ns ma l l n umbe r s . I n d eed , t h e r e i se v idence t h a t s ugge s t s t h a t s ou the rn S cand inav ian s e t t le r s w e r e p r e sen t i nl a te 5t h a nd e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry K en t i nl a rg e r n umbe r s t h an t h e b u r ia l e v idence s ugge s t s . An umbe r o fc r uc if o rm

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b rooche s a r e k nown f r om e a s t K en t ( s ee Map 1 7 f o r ad i s t r ibu t ion o fp ub l ished e xamp les ) . O ft h e 3 1 e xamp les p ub l i shed o rr e f e r red t oi np ub l ica t ion s , o n ly j u s t o ve r h a lf c er ta in ly o rp robab ly c ame f r om g rave s . A n umbe r a r e f r om u nknown c on tex t s a nd a tl e a s t 1 0 w e re i s o la ted f i nd s , f ound b y m e ta l d e tec to r , o rb y c hance o n t h e s u rf ace . P a r f i t t r e f e r red t o 6a mong as ca t te r o fm e ta l d e tec to r f i nd s o f e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon m e ta lwo rk n ea r D ea l ( Pa r f i t t a nd B rugmann 1 997 ) a nd s ugge s ted t h a t t h e se ' t h in ly s c a t te red ' f i nd s r ep re sen t ed t h e p r e sence o f as e t t lemen t t h a t w a s s p read ing h ou seho ld r ubb i sh , i n c lud ing b roken m e ta lwo rk , a c ro s s t h e f i e ld s . I n te re s t ing ly , n o c r uc if o rm b rooche s a r e k nown f r om b u r ia l s i n t h e D ea l v i c in i ty , y e t t h ey f o rmed t h e l a rge s t s i ng le m e ta lwo rk t y pe a mong s t t h e f i nd s r e cove red i nm e ta l d e tec to r s u rvey s o ft h e a r ea ( 6e xamp le s c ompa red t o 3b u t ton b rooche s , 2s ma l l l o ng b rooche s , a nd 2 K en t ish s qua re -headed b rooche s ; i b id . ) . P a r ti nr e cogn ised t h a t m e ta l d e t ec to r i s t s i ne a s t K en t w e re r e cove r ing s i gn if ican t n umbe r s o fc r uc if orm b rooche s , a nd t hus i n2 00 1 a l ong w i th Ma r t in We lch l a unched t h e K en tA ng lo -Saxon B rooch P ro jec t , a imed a tr e co rd ing m e ta l d e t ec to rf i nd s a nd n on -f une ra ry f i nd s o fA ng lo -Saxon b rooche s a nd c ompa r ing t h em w i th t h e t ype s f ound i nb u r ia ls . T h i s p ro jec t i sc on t inu ing u nde r t h e a u sp ice s o ft h e P or tab le A n t iqu i t ie s S cheme a nd a tt h e t ime o f w r i t ing o ve r 1 90 A ng lo -Saxon b rooche sh ave b een r e co rded w i th t h e S cheme i nK en t . T he c ommone s t b rooch t y pe s r e cove red b y d e tec to r i s t s i nK en t a r e c r uc if orm b rooche s ( ove r 3 0 e xamp le s , i n c lud ing f ou r f r om w e s t K en t ) , f o l lowed b y s ma l l l o ng a nd b u t ton b rooche s . T h is c on t ra s t s w i th t h e p a t te rn f r om b u r ia ls , w i th c ruc if o rm b rooche s a ccoun t ing f o r o n ly 7o ft h e b rooche s i nt h e s amp le o fg r ave s a na ly sed i n t h i s s t udy . T he s pa t ia l d i s t r ibu t ion o f t h e se f i nd s i sn o t e ven a c ro s s t h e C oun ty , b u t m a tche s q u i te c l o se ly t h e g ene ra l a r ea s ( bu t n o t t h e e xac t l o ca t ion s ) w he re t h e e a r l ie r b u r ia l g round s a r e f ound ( ba s ica l ly , t h e f oo th i l l s , H o lme sda le , r i ve r v a l ley s a nd a l ong t h e T hame s E s tua ry ) . T he m a jo r i ty o fm e ta l d e tec to rf i nd s w ou ld s e em t or e p re sen t c a sua l l o s se s r a the rt h an o b jec t s d e r ived f r om b u r ia l s a nd t h e se p e rhap s g i ve ab e t te r i n s igh t i n to t h e e ve ryday d r e s s o ft h e i n hab i tan t s o fK en t t h an t h e d e l ibe ra te ly s e lec ted o b jec t s p l aced i n g r ave s . T he r e la t ive ly l a rge n umbe r s o f c oppe r a loy b rooche so f 5t ht oe a r ly 6t h c en tu ry d a te ( c ruc if o rm , s ma l l long a nd b u t ton ) f ound s ugges t , t h en , t h a tt h e w ea r ing o fG e rman ic a nd s ou thern S cand inav ian d r e s s a cce s so r ies w a s r e la t ive ly w idesp read a mong s t t h e p opu la t ion o f t h e c o re s e t t lemen t a r ea s o f K en t , a nd w a s n o t c onf ined t o as ma l l e l i te . T he c r uc if o rm b rooche s r e cove red i n K en t s e em t o h ave t h e i r c l ose s t p a ra l le ls i n F r is ia ; a s w e l l a s t y po log ica l s im i la r i t ie s , m e ta l lu rg ica l a na ly s is o fs ome K en t i sh e xamp le s b y C a the r ine Mo r t ime r h a s i n d ica ted manuf ac tu re i n F r i s ia ( Mo r t ime r p e r s . c omm . ) . C onnec t ion s b e tween t h e a r cha eo log ica l r e co rd o f J u t land , F r is ia a nd K en t i nt h e 5t n c en tu ry h ave l o ng b een r e cogn i sed , a nd d ocumen ta ry s ou r ce s a l so s ugges t s ome l i nk b e tween t h e J u te s a nd F r i s ia ( no tab ly t h e S aga o fF inn i nB eowu l f ) . I t s e em s l i ke ly t h a t ag roup o rg roup s i d en t if y ing t h em se lve s a sJ u t ish m ig ra ted t oF r is ia s ome t ime i nt h e m id -5 t h c en tu ry a nd s ub sequen t ly m ig ra ted t oK en t . T h i s p roce s s o fm ig ra t ion i sl i ke ly t oh ave l e d t o mod if ica t ion s i nc u l tu ra l p rac t i se s a nd p robab ly i n vo lved t h e a ccumu la t ion o fn ew p eop le a nd i d ea s . T h i s mu l t i s tage m ig ra t ion p roce s s c ou ld a ccoun t f o rt h e d i f f e rence b e tween t h e a r chaeo log ica l r e co rd i nJ u t land a nd K en t h igh l igh ted b y S o ren sen . T ha tb yt h e e nd o ft h e 5t h c en tu ry t h e p opu la t ion o fK en t w a s e t hn ica l ly m ixed i sn o t i n d oub t . B u t t h e h i gh p ropor t ion o f c r uc if o rm b rooche s f o und b y d e tec to r i s t s i nK en t c ou ld b e e v idence f o r ac on s ide rab ly l a rge r J u t i sh /F r i s ian p re sence i nt h e l a te 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu r ies t h an i ss ugge s ted b yt h eb u r ia l e v idence . I ts e em s , t h en , t h a t t h e c orpu s o f r e cogn ised A ng lo -Saxon g raves f r om K en t ( o r a ny o t he r a r ea o f A ng lo -Saxon E ng land ) c anno t s imp ly b e d i r ec t ly e qua ted t o t h e n umbe r o f G e rman ic i mm ig ran t s p r e sen t i nt h e r eg ion . I r on ica l ly , t h o se a r gu ing f o r am in ima l l e ve l o f G e rman ic i mm ig ra t ion a s a n e xp lana t ion o fc hange i np o s t -Roman B r i ta in h ave b een a sg u i l ty o fd o ing j u s t t h is a s h ave t h o se w ho s e e t h e g rave s a s e v idence o f am a s s A ng lo -Saxon m ig ra t ion . T he p opu la t ion b e ing b u r ied i nt h e e a r l ie s t A ng lo -Saxon g rave s i n K en t ( m id 5t h t o e a r ly 6t h c en tu ry ) a ppea r s t o h ave r e p r e sen ted a G e rman ic e l i te ( o r p o s s ib ly a n e l i te c omp r is ing G e rman ic m en m a r r ied t oB r i t i sh w omen ) b u t t h e r e s t o ft h e p opu la t ion , w ho se b u r ia l s h ave n o t b een i d en t if ied , m ay a l so h ave b een e t hn ica l ly m ixed a nd p robab ly i n c luded s i gn if ican t n umbe r s o f p eop le o f G e rman ic e t hn ic i ty , i n c lud ing J u te s /F r is ian s ( pa r t icu la r ly i ne a s t K en t ) a nd S axon s ( pa r t icu la r ly i nw e s t K en t ) a mong o the r s , a s w e l l a st h o se o f B r i t i sh d e scen t . T he e xac t p ropo r t ion s o f e a ch g roup w i th in t h e K en t i sh p opu la t ion a r e a tp r e sen t u nknowab le , a nd t h e b u r ia l e v idence o n ly h a s t h e p o ten t ia l t o p rov ide d a ta o n al im i ted p a r t o ft h e p opu la t ion . H oweve r , t h e d a ta d oe s n o t c onf l ic t w i th am ode l o fs ub s tan t ia l G erman ic m ig ra t ion t o K en t . Wha t , t h en , w a s t h e i n i t ia l r o le o fw ha t w a s t ob ecome t h e d om inan t b u r ia l r i t e i nK en t d u r ing t h e 6t h a nd 7t h c en tu r ie s( t ha ti s ,f u rn i shed i n huma t ion )? I ti sp robab le t h a tt h e re w a s a n e t hn ic d imen s ion t oi t , t ot h e e x ten t t h a t t h e e l i te i nt h e l a te 5t h c en tu ry a r e l i ke ly t oh ave b een G e rman ic w a r r io r s a nd t h a t i d en t if i ca t ion w i th s uch ag roup i sl i ke ly t oh ave b een s oc ia l ly b enef ic ia l . B u t t h e p r ime r e a son mu s t ,

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t h e r ef o r e , h ave b een s o c ia l ; t h e d e s i r e t o e xh ib i t t h e s t a tu s o f t h e d ecea sed 's k i n g r oup b y t h e d epo s i t ion o fo b jec t s i nt h eg r ave . K en t i sh g r ave so ft h e 56'c en tu ry d on o tc ompa r e i nt e rm s o fw ea l th , h oweve r , t ot ho se o ft h e 66'c en tu ry . I fo n ly as ma l l , l a rg e ly G e rman ic , e l i t e w e re p r ac t i s ing s u ch a b u r ia l r i t e d u r ing t h e Oh c en tu ry , t h en t h e r e m ay h ave b een n o n eed f o r o ve r ly o s ten ta t iou s d epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s . H oweve r , a st h e Oh c en tu ry p r og r e s sed , i n c r ea s ing s e c t ion so ft h ep opu la t ion m ay h ave b egun t oa dop tt h i s b u r ia lr i t e a nd a st h e d i f f e r en te t hn ic i d en t i t ie sp r e sen ti nK en tb egan t of u se i n to a d i s t inc t ive ly K en t i sh i d en t i ty , u t i l i s ing K en t i sh p r oduced i t em s , t h en s o c ia l c ompe t i t ion b e tween k i n g r oup sm ay h av e i n c rea sed . T h i s i sl i k e ly t oh ave l e dt oa n i n c r ea se i nb o th t h eq uan t i ty a nd q ua l i ty o f g r ave g ood s d epo s i ted , a sk i n g r oup s s ough t t op r e se rve a nd e nhance t h e i r s o c ia l s t a tu s t h rough t h e b u r ia l r i t e . C on t inued d i p loma t ic l i nk s t o t h e F r ank s a lowed a c ce s s t o c on s ide rab le n umbe r s o f i mpo r t ed g ood s t h a t w e r e n o t a va i lab le o n a ny c ompa rab le s c a le t ot h e r e s t o fA ng lo -Saxon E ng land . C on t ro l o ft h is t r ade m u s t h ave r e qu i r ed a nd c onf e r r ed c on s ide rab le p owe r a nd t h e a b i l i ty t op l a ce i mpo r t ed g ood s i n to g r av e s w ou ld h ave r e inf o r ced t h i s p owe r . T he d eve lopmen t o f h i gh q ua l i ty K en t i sh p roduced g ood s ( n o tab ly s qua r e -headed b r ooche s a nd s ub sequen t ly d i sc , p l a ted a nd c ompo s i t e d i sc b r ooche s , p l u s r i ng s wo rd s , a nd e l abo ra t e b uck le s ) o f f e red a no the r m ean s o fe xp r e s s ion o fp ow e r b y t h e e l i te . T h e a ppa r en t e s tab l i shmen t o f ac r af t -wo rk ing c en t r e a tF ave r sham , p e rhap s s ome t ime d u r ing t h e 5 30 's o r 4 0 's , s ugge s t s a n a t t emp t b y t h e e a s t K en t i sh e l i te t o d eve lop a nd c on t ro l t h i s s ou r ce o fp r e s t ig e i t em s . T he p r oduc t ion o f l e s se r q ua l i ty v e r s ion s o f m o s t o ft h e p r e s t ig e K en t i sh t y pe s ( f o r e xamp le , c oppe r a loy v e r s ion s o f s i lve r b r ooche s ) s ugge s t s ad emand a mong s t aw ide r p opu la t ion f o ri t em st h a ti m i ta t ed t h o se o ft h ee l i t e . S o ad i sp lay o fs t a tu s a nd p owe r w a s p r obab ly t h e p r ima ry m o t ive b eh ind m any a s pec t s o fK en t i sh b u r ia l r i t e s i nt h e 5t h t o Oh c en tu r ie s . B u t , f o r a l t h e r e sou r ce s i n ve s ted , t h e i mpa c t o ft h e se r i t e s w a s l i m i t ed i nt ime a nd s pa ce . T h ep r ime m ean s o fd i sp lay o fw ea l th v i at h e f u ne ra lr i t ew e re g r ave g ood s a nd i n te rna l g rave f e a tu r e s . H oweve r , b y t h e l a t e r Oh c en tu ry t h i s p a t t e rn b egan t o s h if t , w i th t h e i n c r ea s ing u se o fb a r row s a nd o t he r e x te rna l a nd i n t eg ra l s t ruc tu r e s a nd t h e b eg inn ing o f ad ec l ine i n t h ed epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s . T he r e a son s f o rt h i sw e r ep r obab ly c omp lex , a nd w e re c e r ta in ly n o tt h e r e su l t s imp ly o ft h e a dop t ion o fC h r i s t ian i ty . I n deed , a sw a s s ugge s ted i nC hap te r 4 ,t h e a dop t ion o f C h r i s t ian i ty m ay h ave r e su l t ed f r om c hang e s i nK en t i sh s o c ie ty , r a the r t h an p r ec ip i ta ted t h em . T he d ec l ine i n t h e d epo s i t ion o f g r ave g ood s p r obab ly r e f lec t s ad ec l ine i n t h e n eed f o r t h em t o b e d epo s i t ed ; i ft h e s oc ia l s t ruc tu r e o f K en t i sh s o c ie ty h ad s t ab i l i sed s omewha t b y t h e e nd o f t h e 6f i c en tu ry , a nd s oc ia l h i e ra r ch ie s a nd r e la t ion sh ip s w e r e m o r e e s tab l i shed a nd s e cu r e t h an h ad b een t h e c a se i np r ev iou s d ecade s , t h en t h e n eed t oe xh ib i t s o c ia l s t a tu s v i a t h e d epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s m ay h ave d ec r ea sed . H oweve r , i th ad n o t d i sappea r ed , a nd g r ave g ood s c on t inued t ob e d epo s i t ed i nK en t t h roughou tt h e 7t h, a nd i n to t h e 8t h, c en tu r ie s ( t hough i ns t ead i ly d ec r ea s ing q uan t i t ie s ) , s ugge s t ing t h e c u s tom w a s e spec ia l ly e n t r enched i nK en t , d e sp i t e t h e e a r ly c onve r s ion t oC h r i s t ian i ty . I td oe s s e em , h oweve r , t h a t i n c rea s ing ly d u r ing t h e 7t h c en tu ry g r ave g ood s w e re n o l o ng e r s u ff ic ien t a s am ean s o f s o c ia l d i sp lay v i a t h e f u ne ra l r i t e . Af t e r a l , g r ave g ood s , n o m a t t e r h ow o s t en ta t iou s , w i l l o n ly b e v i ewed b y t h o se a t tend ing t h e f u ne ra l . E ven f o r t h e m o s t p owe rf u l i n d iv idua l s , t h i s i sl i k e ly t oh ave o n ly i n vo lved t h e p opu la t ion f r om t h e i mmed ia t e a r ea . I tm ay b e t h a t i nt h e K en t i sh s t a t e o ft h e e a r ly 7t hc en tu ry , n ow ak i ngdom e n compa s s ing t h e w ho le o fm ode rn K en ta nd o ne r u led b ya n e a s tK en t i sh d yna s ty w i th F rank i sh c onnec t ion s w ho s e em t o h ave e xe rc i sed o ve r lo rd sh ip o ve r m uch o f s ou th e a s ter nE ng land ,t h i sw a sn o te nough . L ong e rl a s t ing e xp r e s s ion so fp owe rw e r er e qu i red ,w h ich c ou ld b e v i ewed b y aw ide r s e c t ion o ft h e p opu la t ion . T he a n swe rt h a tt h e K en t i sh e l i te m ay h ave f o und t o t h i s , i n c r ea s ing ly f r om t h ee a r ly 7f ic en tu ry o nwa rd s , w a st oc on s t ruc tv i s ib le , a bove g r ound , s t r uc t u r e s o v e r b u r ia l s , w h ich o u t s id e o fT hane t u sua l ly t o ok t h e f o rm o fb a r row m ound s . I ne a s t K en t , b a r row b u r ia l sb egan t ot a ke p l a ce a tn ew b u r ia ls i t e s , o nt h e u ppe rs l ope so rt o p so ft h eD own s , r a the rt h an t h e l ow e r t o m id s l ope s o f e a r l i e r s i te s , a nd i mmed ia t e ly a d ja cen t t o m a jo r r o ad s ( mo s t n o tab ly t h e C an t e rbu ry t oD ove rr o ad ) , o ra tc r o s s road s ( f o r e xamp le a tS i be r t swo ld ) . T he n ew l o ca t ion s o ft h e se s i t e s ,e s pec ia l ly t h ec l u s te ro fc eme t e r ie sb e tween B a rham a nd B i shop sbour n e ,c e r ta in ly i mp ly t h a tt h ey w e r e i n t ended t ob e v i ewed b ya sm any p a s se r s -by , a nd f r om o ve ra sw ide a n a r ea , a sp o s s ib le . I tm ay b et h a ts ome m ean s( s uch a sw ooden m a rk e r s )w a su s ed t oi n d ica t et h e i d en t i ty o ft h ep e r son sb u r ied i n t h e b a r row s , t h e reby i n d ica t ing t h e i r k i n g r oup . A l though i ti sd i ff i cu l t t o t e l l f r om t h e r e co rd s a va i lab le , t h e re i sr e a son t ot h ink t h a tt h e e a r l ie s t g r ave s a ts u ch s i te s w e r e a mong t h e r i che s t( s uch a s g r ave 2 05 a tK ing s ton ) . T h e d ec i s ion o f t h e e l i te t o r e loca t e t h e i r b u r ia l s t o s u ch s i t e s m ay h ave p r omp t ed o t he r s , o fl owe rw ea l th a nd s t a tu s , t of o l low s u i t , l e ad ing i ns ome c a se s t ot h e a bandonmen t o fo l de r s i te s ( s uch a sB if ron s , H ow le t t s a nd B eke sbou rne I ) . T he p a t ter n o fc hang e s s e em s t oh ave v a r ied a c ro s sK en ta nd t a k en p l a ce a td i f f e r en tt i me sb e tween t h e l a te r Oh a nd 7t hc en tu r ie s . P e rhap st h e e a r l ie s t h i n t s o fc hang ing b u r ia l r i t e s i st h e r i ch b u r ia l a tC oombe , n ea r Woodne sbo rough , ap r obab le c r ema t ion d a ted t o t h e l a s t q ua r t e r o ft h e Oh c en tu ry , a nd p o s s ib ly p a ra l le led b y s im i la r b u r ia l s a t

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n ea rby W ickhamb r eaux ( s i te s 2 7 1 a nd 2 72 ) . T he C oombe b u r ia l w a sp o s s ib ly a n i s o la t ed o ne u nde ra b a r row , a nd m ay b e t h e c l o se s t K en t i sh e qu iva len t y e t f o und t ot h e s o -ca l led " p r ince ly b u r ia l s" f o und e l sewhe r e i nE ng land , a ts i te s s u ch a sT ap low i nB uck ingham sh i r e . A t o t he r s i te s i nK en t ( s u ch a s B uck land ) , e s tab l i shed b u r ia l g r ound s c on t inued i nu s e , b u t w i th n ew b u r ia l p r ac t ice s , s u ch a st h e u s e o fb a r row s , b e ing a dop t ed . I nT hane t , e l abo ra te g r ave s t ruc tu r e s s e em t oh ave b een w ide ly e mp loyed , a l ong s ide t h e u s e o fb a r row s , ap r ac t ice t h a t s e em s t ob e c onnec t ed t o av e ry h i gh i n c idence o fn ea r c on t empo ra ry g r ave r obb ing n o t p a ra l le led e l sewhe r e i n K en t . A nd a t t h e s ame t i me a s t h e c on s t ruc t ion o fn ew , A ng lo -Saxon , b a r row s w a s t a k ing p l ace , t h e r e a ppea r s t oh ave b een a n i n c r ea sed i n te r e s t i nt h e v i s ib le m onumen t s o ft h e p a s t , a nd i np a r t icu la r t h e p r eh i s to r ic r o und b a r row s o fK en t , w i th m any A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s c l u s t e r ing a r ound , o r b e ing i n ser t ed i n to , t h ese m ound s . A s w a s s ugge s t ed i n C hap t e r 1 0 , t h i s m ay r e p r e sen t a n a temp t t o l e g i t im i se c l a im s t o t h e l a nd scape b y a temp t ing t o c onnec t w i th , a nd i mp ly c on t inu i ty f r om , t h e m y tho log ica l p a s t . P e rhap s , a s f o lk m emo r ie so ft h ea c tua le v en t so ft h em ig ra t ion p e r iod r e ceded ,t h e r e w a s a n i n c r ea sed n eed t oc on s t ruc t am y tho log ica l p a s t , i nw h ich t h e v i s ib le a nc ien t m onumen t s o ft h e K en t i sh l a nd scape p l ay ed ap a r t . B u t w ha teve r t h e p r ec i se r e a son s f o r t h i s p henomenon , i tr e p r e sen t s f u r the r e v idence o fa temp t s t o e s tab l i sh av i s ib le a nd p e rmanen t p r e sence i nt h e l a nd scape v i at h e m ed ium o ft h e f u ne ra l r i t e a nd t h e c eme t e ry . I ti sl i ke ly t h a t i ti st h i s d e s i r et h a tu nde r l ie s m any o ft h e c hange s i nt h e m o r tua ry p r a c t ice s o f 7t h c en tu ry K en t . T hu s w h i l s t f u ne ra l r i t e s i n 5t h a nd 6t h c en tu ry K en t c ou ld b e s e en a s b e ing c once rned w i th t h e e xp r e s s ion o fp owe r a t al o ca l l e v e l f o r al i m i t ed t ime , f une ra l r i t e s o f t h e 71' c en tu ry ( a nd p o s s ib ly l a te r ) s e em t oh ave b een c once rned w i th m o r e p e rmanen t e xp r e s s ion s o fp owe r p l a ced s oa st oa ch ieve m ax imum v i s ib i l i ty . T he r o le a nd p l a ce o ft h e v e ry h i ghe s t l e v e l s o f K en t i sh s o c ie ty i nt h i s p a t t e r n i sn o t e n t i r e ly c l ea r . Af t e rt h ea dop t ion o fC h r i s t ian i ty b yE the lbe rh t ,t h e K en t i sh r o ya l f am i ly a r er e co rded a sb e ing i n te r r ed i n C hu r che s ( mo s t n o tab ly , a t S t . A ugu s t ine 's A bbey , C an t e rbu ry , w he re E the lbe rh t a nd s e ve ra l s u cce s s ive k i ng sw e re b u r ied ) . T h i sr emov e st h ep i nna c le o ft h e K en t i sh e l i te f r om t h en on -chu r chya rd b u r ia l g r ound s a nd d ep r ive s u s o fa ny K en t i sh e qu iva len t t oS u t ton H oo . H oweve r , w e l l i n to t h e 7t h c en tu ry o bv iou s ly w ea l thy i n d iv idua l s c on t inued t ob e b u r ied o u t s ide o fc hu r chya rd s , a nd i tm ay b e t h a t c hu r ch b u r ia l s r ema ined l a rg e ly r e s t r ic t ed t ot h e r o ya l f am i ly , o r t o t h o se w ho h ad t a ken h o ly o r de r s . I nc on t ra s t , i n c r ea s ing n umbe r s o fa ppa r en t ly l owe r s t a tu s i n d iv idua l s b egan t ob e b u r ied i n r e cogn i sed A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s , a nd i ts e em s p r obab le t h a td u r ing m uch o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry m o s t , i f n o t a l , o ft h e K en t i sh p opu la t ion w a s b u r ied w i th in t h em . F rom t h e 8t h c en tu ry o nwa rd s , t h e l a ck o f d a tab le g r ave g ood s m ak e s s u ch c em e te r ie s i n c r ea s ing ly h a rd t or e cogn i se , t h ough i ns ome p a r t s a t l e a s t n on -chu r chya rd b u r ia l g r ound s s e em t oh av e c on t inu ed i nu s e i n to t h e 9t h c en tu ry a tl e a s t ( f o r e xamp le , a tE cc le s ) . I tm ay b e h oweve r , t h a t b y t h e 8t h c en tu ry t h e h i ghe r s t a tu s s e c t ion s o fK en t i sh s o c ie ty h ad l a rge ly a bandoned t h em i nf a vou r o fb u r ia l w i th in c hu r chya rd s . C e r ta in ly , u nf u rn i shed b u r ia l i nc hu r chya rd s r e p la ced t h e r u ra l b u r ia l g r ound s s ome t ime d u r ing t h e m id - t ol a t e S axon p e r iod ( c . 8t h1 0t h c en tu r ie s? ) , t h e e xac t d a t e t h a tt h i s h appened p r obab ly v a ry ing f r om p l ace t op l ace . I tm ay b et h a tt h e l owe rs o c ia l c l a s se s , a ppa r en t ly t h e l a s tt og a in a c ce s st ot h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s , w e r e a l so t h e l a s tt ok eep u s ing t h em . I n t e r e s t ing ly , t h e r e i sl i t t le e v idence o fc hu rchya rd s b e ing e s tab l i shed o n t h e s i t e s o fe a r l ie r b u r ia l g r ound s ; p e rhap s t h e r e su l t o f ad e l ibe ra t e p o l icy t ob r eak w i th t h e p a s t , m uch o fw h ich m u s th ave c a r r ied m ean ing sa nd p r a c t ice s l a den w i th p agan i sm . i i . I nC onc lus ion -T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme ter ie so fK en t . T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te r ie s o f K en t r e p r e sen t o ne o f t h e r i che s t a nd m o s t i mpo r tan t s o u r ce s o f a r cha eo log ica l m a t e r ia l f r om e a r ly m ed ieva l n o r the rn E u rope . I nm any w ay s t h ey a r e u n ique ; w h i l s t t h ey s h a r e s im i la r i t ie s w i th c eme te r ie s i nn e ighbou r ing r e g ion s , b o th i nE ng land a nd o n t h e c on t inen t , t h ey a l so h ave m any d i f f e r ence s , b o th i nt e rm s o fm a te r ia l c u l tu r e a nd b u r ia l p r ac t ice s , w h i ch r e f lec t t h e u n ique c ha ra c t e r o fK en t i sh s o c ie ty o ft h e p e r iod . I ns ome w ay s , t h e se d i f f e rence s l i m i tt h e w ide r u s ef u lne s s a nd a pp l icab i l i ty o ft h e d a ta f r om t h e se c eme t e r ie s . T hey d o h ave m uch t ot e l lu sa bou tt h e w ide r c on tex t o f A ng lo -Saxon E ng land a nd n o r th -we s te rn E u rope , a nd p o ten t ia l ly p r ov id e t h e l i nk b e tween A ng lo -Saxon a nd C on t inen ta lc h rono log ie s . I n deed , i ti st h ea spec t s o ft h eK en t i sh c em e t e r ie s w i th t h e w ide s t r e levance t h a t h ave r e ce ived m o s t s c ho la r ly a t t en t ion , much o ft h e r e sea r ch t h a t h a s i n vo lved t h e K en t i sh c eme t e r ie s h av ing b een c oncer n ed w i th w ide r s ub jec t s , s uch a s a r t s t y le s o r c o rpu se s o f a r t ef a c t s . I n c on t ra s t , t h i s s t udy h a s f o cu s sed o n t h e c eme t e r ie s f r om a m o r e l o ca l p e r spec t ive , a st h e b u r ia l g r ound s o ft h e i n hab i tan t s o fK en t a nd h a s a t t emp ted as y s t ema t ic a pp roa ch t o ,a nd s t udy o f ,t h ec eme te r ie sa nd t h e i rb u r ia l s . Many p a t t e rn so fb ehav iou ra nd c o r r e la t ion sb e tween v a r iab le s h ave b een o u t l ined . H ow f a r s u ch p a t t e rn s , a nd t h e c au se s u nde r ly ing t h em , c an b e e x t rapo la ted t oo t he rp a r t s o fA ng lo -Saxon E ng land i sn o tc l ea r . Many o ft h e g ene ra l t r end s i d en t if i ed

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C hap t e r 1 7

c a n b et r a ced e l sewhe re i nE ng land , b u tt h e r e su l t s o fm uch o ft h e d e ta i led a na ly s is m ay b e a pp l icab le o n ly t oK en ta nd i tw ou ld c e r ta in ly b eu nw i se t oa pp ly s u ch r e su l t st oo t he rr e g ion sw i thou tc ompa rab le a na ly s i s o ft h e e v idence f r om t h o se r e g ion s . H owev e r , t h e K en t i sh c eme te r ie s a r e al a rg e , i mpo r tan t a nd i n t eg ra l p a r t o ft h e b u r ia l a r chaeo logy o fA ng lo -Saxon E ng land . T he s h ee r n umbe r o fK en t i sh s i t e s , g r ave s a nd f i nd s , a nd t h ed i spa ra t e a nd o f ten c onf u sed o ri n a ccu ra te s t a t e o ft h eh i s to r ica lr e co rd s r e la t ing t ot h e i r d i scove ry a nd e xcava t ion , h a s f o r al o ng t i me d e t e r r ed t h e s y s t ema t ic s t udy t h a t t h ey d e se rve . A lmo s t u n l im i ted q ue s t ion s r ema in t ob e a s k ed o ft h e d a ta p rov ided b yt h e se c eme te r ie s a nd g r av e s ( a nd t h o se y e tt ob e e x cava ted ) . T h i s s t udy o n ly b eg in st oa dd r e s s s ome o ft h e se q ue s t ion s , b u t i ti st ob e h oped t h a t i th a s m oved f o rwa rd o u ru nde r s tand ing o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s o fK en t , a nd o f t h e s o c ie ty t h a t p roduced t h em . P e rhap s m o re i mpor tan t ly , i ti sh oped t h a t i n c l a r if y ing , c o l la t ing a nd u pda t ing m any o ft h er e co rd sr e la t ing t ot h e K en t i sh c eme t e r ie s , t h i s w o rk w i l l p r ov ide a b a s i s f o rt h e f u tu r e s t udy w h ich t h e se c eme te r ie s , a nd t h e g r ave s a nd f i nd s w h ich t h ey h ave p r odu ced , s oc l ea r ly d e se rve .

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The Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries of Kent Volume 11 (Appendices)

Andrew Richardson

BAR British Series 391 2005

BAR

PUBLISHING

C on ten t s ,v o lume I A ppend ix 1 : Gaze t teer o fA ng lo -Saxon c eme ter ie s a nd b ur ia ls i te s i nK en t

1

A ppend ix 2 :C a ta logue o fg rave s

8 9

A ppend ix 3 :I ndex o fs i te s

3 60

A ppend ix 4 :L i s to f mu seums a nd b od ie s h o ld ing ma ter ia lf rom t he K en t i sh c eme ter ie s

3 70

A ppend ix 5 :B ib l iography a nd l i s to fa bbrev ia t ions

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A ppend ix 6 : Maps a nd f i gure s

4 02

P la tes P l a te I :T he K ing s ton B rooch F igure s F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F igu re F i gu re F i gu re F i gu re F igu re F igu re F igu re F igu re F i gu re F igu re F igu re F igu re F igu re

1 :Q uo i tB rooch S t y le Me ta lwo rk i nK en t 2 :S cand inav ian r e l ief b rooches f r om K en t 3 :S ome B rac tea te sf r om K en t 4 : An ima l a r to nK en t ish d i sc b rooche s , a nd o nt h eC oombe r i ng s wo rd 5 :S iber t swo ld g r ave 1 72 6 :T ypo logy o fA ng lo -Saxon w eapon s 7 : Ma jo rb uck le t y pe s f r om K en t 8 :S ome b rooch t y pe s f r om K en t 9 :C ruc if orm b rooches f r om K en t 1 0 : A ng lo -Saxon g l a ss v e s se lt y pe s 1 : P roduc t ion s e quence o fK en t ish b rooches 1 2 : G rave g ood si nK en t ish P ha se s I IX 1 3 : A y le sf o rd I ,E cc le s - S i te P lan 1 4 : B eke sboume I -S i te P lan 1 5 : B road s ta i r s I ,B rad s tow S choo l - S i te P lan 1 6 : B road s ta i r s I , S t . P e te r 's T ip - S i te P lan 1 7 : D a ren th I ,D a ren th P a rk - S i te P lan 1 8 : D ea l I ,M i l lH i l lI -S i te P lan 1 9 : D ove rI ,B uck land - S i te P lan 2 0 : D ove rI ,B uck land - S i te P lan 2 1 : D un ton G reen I ,P o lh i l l - S i te P lan 2 2 : F o lke s tone I I ,D ove rH i l l - S i te P lan 2 3 : H o r ton K i rby I ,R ise ley - S i te P lan

F igu re 2 4 : L ym inge I - S i t eP lan F igu re 2 5 : Nor thbou rne I ,F ing lesham - S i te P lan

F igu re 2 6 : O rp ing ton - S i te P lan F igu re 2 7 : R am sga te I V ,O zenge l l - S i te P lan F igu re 2 8 : S a r r e - S i te P lan F igu re 2 9 : S nod land I ,H o lbo rough - S i te P lan F igu re 3 0 : S ke tch p l an s o ft h e c eme te r ie s a tB eke sbou rne Ia nd S i be r t swo ld /Ba rf r i s ton , b yB ryan F au s se t t F igu r e3 1 : I n teg ra la nd e x te rna lg rave s t ruc tu ra lf e a tu re s F igu r e3 2 : G rave sa nd s t ruc tu ra lf e a tu re s F igu re 3 : G rave sw i th c off in s Map s Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map Map

1 :G ene ra ll o ca t ion 2 :S i te s 3 :T he e xcava t ion so fB ryan F au s se t t 4 :B rooche so f Aven t 's C la s s 2i nK en t 5 :T he g eo logy o fK en t 6 :L and scape z one so fK en t 7 :E xcava ted Ang lo -Saxon s e t t lemen ts i te si nK en t 8 :D i s t r ibu t ion o fs i te sw i th e v idence o fA ng lo -Saxon b a r row si nK en t 9 :S i te T ype s 1 0 : S i te s , c a . 4 00 -500 1 : S i te s ,c a . 5 00 -600 1 2 : S i te s , c a . 6 00 -700 1 3 : S i te s , c a . 7 00 -800 1 4 : S i te s , c a . 8 00 -1066 1 5 : S i te s ,u nda ted o rd oub tf u l 1 6 : S i te sw i th c r ema t ion s 1 7 : C ruc if o rm b rooche si nK en t

1

A ppend ix 1 .

Append ix 1 : Gaze t teer o f Ang lo -Saxon c eme ter ie s a nd b ur ia l s i te s i n Ken t . N .B . T hose s i te sn umbe red 1 290 a r et h o se c on s ide red i nv o lume I .U nnumbe red s i tes a r et h o se f o r w h ich e v idence o rr e co rd s e me rged i nt h ep e r iod J anua ry 2 000 t o Ma rch 2 005 . A co l /B irch ing ton . 1 .I .A co l . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TR 3 07676 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : N one . S t ebb ing 1 943 , x xx i i i ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 ; H awke s , H oga r th a nd D en s ton 1 974 , 5 1n .3 ; P e rk in se ta l 1 987 ,4 8 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 . R eco rded g rave s : 1 .P ha se s : ? 1 942 - A s i ng le b u r ia l w a s d i scove red a tA co l , s ou th o fQ uex P a rk . T he s ke le ton w a s i n ac r ouched p o s i t ion , w i th t h e k nee s d rawn u p . T he r e w e r e n o g r ave g ood s . T he b ones w e re d e s t royed b y t h e p o l ice . T he e xac t l o ca t ion o ft h is d i scove ry i su nce r ta in . A l though d e sc r ibed a sb e ing a tA co l , t h i s m ay m e re ly m ean i tw a s o n A co l H i l l , a nd i tm ay h ave b een i nB i r ch ing ton p a r ish . I ndeed , i tm ay b e p a r t o ft h e s ame c eme te ry a sA co l /B i rch ing ton I . 2 . I . Doub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 07678 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW2 17 . I n f o rma t ion f r om D .R .J . P e rk in s . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : ?R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? J une 1 975 - C rop -ma rk s o fp o s s ib le A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e re o b se rved . T he s i te l i e s o n t h e b row o fa s ou th -f ac ing c ha lk s l ope . OD i sb e tween 2 5 a nd 3 0m . 3 . I I . C r i spe R oad . I nhuma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 04678 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW 158 . P e rk ins e ta l1 987 ,4 7 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : ?R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? P re -1987 - C ropma rk s o f ac eme te ry a r e v i s ib le . P r eh i s to r ic ( p robab ly B ronze A ge ) b a r row s a r e s u r rounded b y p robab le A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia ls , s ome o f w h ich a r e s u r rounded b y s ma l l p enannu la r d i t ches t yp ica l o f a7f i c en tu ry c eme te ry . A l though u sua l ly d e sc r ibed a s b e ing i nA co l p a r i sh , t h e g r id r e f e rence g iven i sa c tua l ly j u s t i n s ide B i r ch ing ton . T he p robab le A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s a r e c en t red a r ound TR 3 04678 , a nd a r e b o rde red t o t h e e a s t b y r e c tangu la r e nc lo su re s . T he l a rge r , p robab ly p r eh i s to r ic , r i ng d i tche s l i e t owa rd s C r i spe R oad t ot he s ou th . T he s i te i so nt h eb row o f ac ha lk s l ope , f a c ing s ou th sou th -we s t . OD i sa bou t 3 0m . A ld ing ton /Lympne . 4 . I . Marwood F arm ( Aka C our t le -S tree t , C our t -a t -S tree t ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 0 8253518 . NAR : T R0 3 NE 16 . S m i th 1 850a , 2 63 ; D en ton C h eney 1 904 , 1 07 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 64 ; L e t te r , 0 .S . R eco rds , 1 6 /01/ 1963 ; Meaney 1 964 , 16 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 04 ; H awke sA rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : ?R eco rded g rave s : 0 . P ha se s : ? 1 850 - An A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry w a s d i scove r ed o n t h e b row o ft h e h i l l , o ve r look ing Ma rwood F a rm . Many s ke le ton sa r e s a id t oh av eb een f ound , b u tn o f u r the rd e ta i ls a r e r e co rded . T he re i sa n o l d q ua r ry a tt h e s i te , w h ich l i e s o n t h e p a r i sh b ounda ry b e tween A ld ing ton a nd L ympne , a nd p re sumab ly t h e c eme tery w a s d i scove red w hen t h i s w a s o pened . T he e xac t s i te w a s p o in ted o u t b y aMr . H ooke r , t h e g a rdener a tn ea rby F o s tum s , i nt h e 1 960 's . M r . H ooke rr e ca l led h i s f a the rt e l l ing h im t h a tt h e c eme te ry w a sd ug b yM i s sE ve lyn B lomf i e ld , d augh te ro ft h et h en v i ca ro fA ld ing ton . 1 998 - Al o ca l m e ta l d e tec to r i s t i sr epor ted t ob e a c t ive o n t h e s i te , a nd t oh ave c o l lec ted an umbe r o f A ng lo -Saxon m e ta l o b jec t s . H awkes q ue s t ion s w he the r t h e f i nd s a t t r ibu ted t o P o s t l ing ( s ee b e low ) w e re a c tua l ly f r om t h i s s i te , w h ich i sn ea rt oP o s t l ing G r een . H oweve r ,t h e re i sn op o s i t ive e v idence f o rt h is . T he s i te i sb e tween 7 5 -85m 0 .D . , o n t h e b row o fa n e s ca rpmen t o ve r look ing R omney Ma r sh t ot h e s ou th . T he u nde r ly ing g eo logy i st h e H y the B ed s .

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A ppend ix 1 . A lkham . 2 9 1 . I .C h i l ton F arm . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 2 78431 . NAR :N one . I n f o rma t ion f r om K . P a rf i t t . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I I -V . c .1 974 - S ev e ra l A ng lo -Saxon a r t ef a c t s w e r e f o und d u r ing am e ta l d e tec to r s e a r ch o f f i e ld s a bove C h i l ton F a rm , A lkham . T he f i nd s c on s i s t ed o f as hoe shaped b e l t s t ud a nd ab uck le t o ngu e , b o th o f c oppe r a loy , a nd p a r t o f s i lve r -g i l t p l a ted d i sc b rooch o f l a t e 6t h c en tu ry d a te . S ub sequ en t ly , a d i s tu rbed g r ave , f r om w h ich s ome o ra l o ft h e f i nd sm ay h ave b e en d e r ived , w a se xcava t ed b yt h e K en t A r chaeo log ica l R e scue U n i t . T he s i te l i e so n an o r th -f a c ing v a l ley s l ope ,a ta bou t7 0m OD . A sh . 5 . I .G i l ton ( Aka Gu i l ton ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . S AM K en t 1 6 1 . NGR : TR 2 8 165818 /28115826 . NAR : TR 2 5 NE6 . B oy s 1 792 , 8 68 -9 ; D oug la s 1 793 , 2 6 -7 , 3 5 -6 , 4 8 -52 ,80 -2 , 9 2 3 , 9 5 ; Sm i th 1 844a , 1 3 2 -6 , p l . x i ; 1 849b ; 1 850 -3 ; 1 852 , p l . x xxv i i .8 a nd . 9 ; A ke rman 1 855a , 3 4 , p l s . x v i i .2 , x x iv .2 , x x ix .2 -3 ; 1 855b , 1 76 ; F au s se t t 1 856 , 1 34 ; N igh t inga le 1 8 57 -9 ; P l anche 1 859 ; K emb le 1 863 ,2 08 , p l .xxv i , f . 8 ; H a igh 1 872 , 1 64 , 2 62 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 52 -5 , f . 9 ; 1 908d , 8 2 -5 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 05 -7 ; C onway 1 9 18 , 8 2 ; S m i th 1 923 , 5 7 ; J e s sup 1 9 30 , 2 37 ; H a rden 1 9 56a , 1 59 -6 1 , 1 6 3 , 1 65 ; E a s tK en t Me rcu ry 2 3 /05 / 1957 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 5 ; W i l son 1 958 , 1 86 ; L e t te r , O .S . R eco rd s , 0 7 /07 / 1964 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 2 1-2 ; H awke sa nd P age 1 967 , 1 26 ; Web s t e r 1 974 , 1 79 180 ; A ven t 1 9 75 ,c o rpu sn o s . 1 5 ,2 8 ,4 5 , 5 3 ,6 9 , 8 0 , 9 6 -8 , 19 , 1 25 , 1 38 , 1 53 , 1 75 , 1 92 ; Web s t e r 1 976 , 1 64 ; A ven ta nd L e igh 1 977 , 1 2 14 , 1 6 -2 1 , 2 3 ,4 0 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 3 081 , f .5 6 ; R ah tz e ta l1 980 , 8 6 -8 , 9 4 -5 , 10 ; E v i son 1 979 , 7 0 , 7 2 , 8 0 , 8 2 ; E v i son 1 982 , 5 0 -55 , 5 7 ,7 0 ; Moo r ea nd O ddy 1 985 ,7 1 ; H one 1 9 87 ; MacG r ego ra nd B o l ick 1 993 ,2 0 , 7 1 , 7 3 , 7 4 -5 , 7 6 -8 , 1 59 -60 , 2 39 , 2 55 , 2 63 ; A shmo lean m u s eum r e co rd s ; P a rf i t t 2 003a ; P or tab le A n t iqu i t ie sS cheme r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o f g r ave s : 1 30 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 27 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : A shmo lean , C an t e rbu ry , L ive rpoo lm u seum s . P ha se s : I ? -V I I I? P re -1759 - B ryan F au s se t tn o ted t h a t " . .f o r ag r ea tm any y ea r sp a s t . . ." a n t iqu i t ie s h ad b een r e cove red w heneve rs and w a sd ug f r om al a rg es a ndp i ta t` G i l ton T own ' , A sh . 1 759 - F au s se t tv i s i ted A sh , a nd o v e r saw t h e h u r r ied e xcava t ion o f as k e le ton a nd s pea rhead ( g rave A ) b yt wo w o rke r sf r om t h ea d ja cen tm i l l s . T he g r ave h ad b een v i s ib le i ns e c t ion i nt h e s i de o ft h es a ndp i t . F au s se t t a l so p u r cha sed f r om t h e m i l le r s a nd t h e m i l l o wne r , M r . K ing sf o rd , ac o l lec t ion o f f i nd s . T he se i n c luded an umbe ro fi r on o b jec t s ( as wo rd , 7s p ea rhead s , 2s h ie ld -bo s se s a nd ab u ck le ) , a nd 1 8 b ead s . H oweve r ,o n ly t h el a t te rs u rv ived t h ej ou rney h ome . 1 760 -3 - F au s se t t s upe rv i sed t h e e xcava t ion a nd r e co rd ing o f 1 06 g rave s d u r ing e l ev en d ay s o f f i e ldwo rk o ve r t h i s p e r iod . G rave 4 1 c on ta ined ag o ld c o in o fJ u s t in ian , a l though t h e i mp l ica t ion s o f t h i sf o rt h ed a t ing o ft h eb u r ia l sw a sm i s sed b yF au s se t t ,w ho a lway sc on s ide r ed t h em R oman . 1 771- D oug la s a nd B oy s b o th r e co rded t h a t l a bou re r s h a d f o und m o re g r ave g ood s . D oug la s i l u s t ra ted a s h ie ld -bo s s , p robab ly f r om t h e s ame g r ave a s t wo s p ea rhead s f o und a t t h e s ame t ime ( Doug la s ' T umu lu s V I I ) . H e a l so i l u s t ra t ed an umbe r o fo b je c t s w h ich h ad b een s ca t te r ed i nv a r iou s c o l lec t ion s ,b u tw h ich h eb e l ieved t oh av ec ome f r om t h es ame g r av e( h i sT umu lu s XV ) . 1 773 - D oug la sn o ted t h a tc h i ld r en w ou ld g ol o ok ing f o rb ead sn ea rt h em i l le r 's h ou se . 1 783 - Two f u r the rg r av e s( Tumu lu sX I I Ia nd a nu nnumbe r ed b u r ia l )w e re d i scove red . c .1 831- A b ronz eg i l th a i r -p in w a sd ug u pa tG i l ton . 1 842 - W .H . R o lf e , ac o l lec to r o fa n t iqu i t ie s f r om n e ighbou r ing S andw ich , a cqu i red ag r oup o ff i nd s f r om t h es i t e , f ound w hen g r ound a r ound t h e m i l le r 's h ou se w a sb e ing l e ve l led t om ake ag a rd en . T he f i nd sc on s i s t ed o f 2c oppe ra loy b ow l s , s p ea ra nd a xe -head s , s wo rd s , s h ie ld -bo s se s , b rooche s ,b uck le s , b ead s , c r y s ta l b a l l s , a nd ag l a s s v e s se l . T he l a rg e r o ft h e m e t a l b ow l s h ad b een r epa i r ed w i th t h ree r i ve t ed p a tche s ,w h ich b o re s t amped h uman a nd a n ima l f i gu r e so nt h em . 1 849 - Two g l a s sv e s se l s , a nd ac oppe ra loy b ow l , w e r e d i scov e red b yg r ave l d i gge r s i nt h ev i c in i ty o f A sh . O ne o ft h e g l a s s v e s se l s w a s b r ok en , b u t t h e o t he r , a l ong w i th t h e m e ta l b ow l , c am e i n to t h e p o s se s s ion o f aMr . R eade ro fS andw ich . C .R . S m i th t h ough tt h ey p r obab ly c ame f r om G i l ton . 1 854 - A ke rman v i s i ted G i l ton , a nd o b se rv ed t h a t t h e s i t e o fF au s se t t 's e x cava t ion s wa s p l an t ed w i th f r u i t t r ee s . A k e rman h ad a t r ench d ug , b u t e n coun t e r ed n o r ema in s , t h ough h e h ad h ea rd t h a t d i scove r ie sh ad r e cen t ly b een m ade a tt h es i t e . 1 859 - As pea rhead , ` . .18" l o ng . . . ' , f r om t h es i t ew a se xh ib i t ed t ot h e BAA . T he g rave f r om w h ich i t c ame w a sa l so s a id t oh ave c on ta ined p a r t so f ap o t t e ry v e s se l .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 923 - R .A . Sm i th i lu s t ra ted ag o ld b rac tea te i nt h e B r i t ish Mu seum t h a tw a s f r om G i l ton . 1 957 - Ag rave ( g rave 1 07 )w a sf o und i n ap r iva te g a rden a tG i l ton . I tc on ta ined as wo rd , a nd t wo g l a s s p ouch b o t t le s . T he f i nd s a r e i nC an te rbu ry Mu seum . J une 1 973 - When t h e o wne r o fG i l ton M i l l , M r . J ohn G i le s , h ad as un p o rch c on s t ruc ted o n t h e s ou th s i de o ft he m i l l , af u r the r g r av e ( numbe r 1 08 ) w a s d i scove red . I tw a s o f aw oman , a nd c on ta ined a b rooch t ha t w a s ah yb r id b e tw een t h e p l a ted d i sc a nd c ompo s i te b rooch , a sw e l l a s s ome b ead s a nd a p endan t . 1 975 - D . B rown a nd M . We lch e xcava ted f o rt h eA shmo lean mu seum , a nd r e loca ted g rave 1 08 . F ebruary 1 987 - T he C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica lT ru s tc a r r ied o u t aw a tch ing b r ief d u r ing t h e l a y ing o f ad r a inage p ipe a tG u i l ton M i l l . T he t r ench w a s c u t t h rough t h e s chedu led a r ea , t o ad ep th o f 1 . 52m , b u tn oA ng lo -Saxon f e a tu re sw e re l o ca ted . J u ly -Augu s t 2 003 - E xcava t ion s b y t h e D ove r A r chaeo log ica l G roup a head o ft h e c on s t ruc t ion o fa n e x ten s ion t ot h e M i l l r evea led af u r the r b u r ia l ( g rave 1 09 ) . T h i s c on ta ined t r ace s o fh igh ly d ecayed b one wh ich i mp l ied a b u r ia l w i th h ead t o t h e s ou th -we s t , a nd a n a r ea o f i r on s t a in ing a tt h e n o r th e a s te rn e nd w h ich may h ave b een d e r ived f r om ag r ave -ob jec t . March 2 003 - Ag i l t s i lve r b e l t moun t o fs i x th -cen tu ry d a te w a s f ound b y am e ta l d e tec to r i s t t o t h e n o r th o ft h es i te . T he f i nd sf r om t h i s s i te d a te f r om a tl e a s tt h ee a r ly 6f ic en tu ry , u n t i l a tl e a s tt h e e nd o ft h e 7t h. T he c eme te ry l i e so n ag en t le s ou th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope , b e tween 2 0 -25m OD . 6 . I . R ichborough . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TR 3 2476046 . NAR : TR 3 6 SW 16 /36 SW 3 0 . B a t te ly 1 745 ; Sm i th 1 844a , 1 36 ; Sm i th 1 850a , 8 n . 2 ; A kerman 1 852 , 1 79 ; B u she -Fox 1 949 , 8 0 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 5 ; H awke s a nd D unn ing 1 96 1 , 1 7 18 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 33 ; S wan ton 1 973 , 1 52 -5 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 , 2 60 1 ; H en ig 1 988 ; D ick inson a nd H ä rke 1 992 , 1 9 , 2 3 ; B r i t ish Mu seum r e co rds . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : R ichbo rough C a s t le . P ha ses : I A? , V IX . P re -1745 - B a t te ly i lu s t ra t ed a g o ld s o l idu s m oun ted w i th a c or ruga ted s u spen s ion l o op , f ound a t R ichbo rough . P re -1800 - C .R . Sm i th r e co rded t h a t aM r . B r i t ton p o s se s sed am anu sc r ip tj our na l i nw h ich S t uke ley m en t ioned f i nd s f r om ab a r row a tR ichbo rough . T he e n t ry d e sc r ibed " . . two e l egan t f i bu la s , m ade i n g o ld a nd g l a s s w o rk , a nd as t r ing o fb ead s , e v iden t ly B r i t i sh" . T he se w e re c l ea r ly , a s S m i th t h ough t , A ng lo -Saxon . T he s i te o ft h eb a r row i sn o tr e co rded . c .1 831- A n i r on a xe -head w a s d ug u p i n ac orne r o fR ichbo rough C a s t le F i e ld b y R o lf e 's l a bou re r s , w ho w e re d i gg ing f o r R oman b u i ld ing s . T he a xe -head w a s i l u s t ra ted b y A kerman , a nd i so f aw ide b l aded t ype , s im i la rt oe xamp le s f r om L ym inge . I tw a s n o t af ranc i sca . 1 913 - A g roup o f f i nd s f r om R ichbo rough w e re d epo s i ted i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum b y L ady E ve lyn F a rquha r . Mo s t ly l a te R oman , t h ey a l so i n c luded ac oppe r a loy a nnu la r o r p enannu la r b rooch , a nd a s t rap t ag o ft h e s ame ma te r ia l , b o th A ng lo -Saxon p i ece s , p e rhap s o f7 t h c en tu ry d a te , a nd p o s s ib ly f r om ag r ave . 1 926 - T he c o l lec t ion o ff i nd sw a s r e turned b yt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum t oL ady F a rquha r . 1 928 - D u r ing B u she -Fox 's e xcava t ion s o f R ichbo rough C a s t le , at r ench a c ro s s o ne o ft h e C laud ian d i tches i nt h e f i e ld t o t h e n o r th o ft h e f o r t r e vea led a n i n huma t ion . T he b u r ia l w a s o fa n a du l t m a le , l y ing i n ap rone p o s i t ion , a c compan ied b yw eapon s a nd o t he ro b jec t s . T he g rave -good s s ugge s tt h a tt h e b u r ia lw a so fl a te 4 th t oe a r ly 5 t h c en tu ry d a te . T he g rave l a y a bou t 2 20m n o r th o ft h e f o r t w a l ls , a nd p robab ly i n d ica te s t h e l o ca t ion o ft h e S ho re F o r t 's c eme te ry . P re -1984 - Ag roup o fs c ea t ta s ,d a t ing t ob e tween c .6 80 -735 , w e re f ound a tR ichbo rough C hape l . I ti sp robab le t h a t mo re t h an o ne s i te i sr e p re sen ted b y t h e f i nd s d e sc r ibed a bove . T he o n ly d e f in i te b u r ia l ,t ha tf ound b yB u she -Fox , l a yo n ag en t le n or th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope , b e tween 5 10m OD . 7 . I I . C op S tree t( Aka G o ld s tone ,C up S tree t ,R ichborough ) . I nhuma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 2 90597 ( app rox ima t e ) . NAR : TR 2 5 NE2 . S m i th 1 844a , 1 36 , p l .x i .1 ; S m i th 1 850a , 8 7 -8 , p l .v .1-6 ;

Sm i th 1 850b ;

A kerman 1 855a , 5 9 -60 ,

p l .xx ix .4 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 6 1 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 05 ; L eed s 1 957 , 8 ; B akka 1 958 , 4 6 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 5 ; H awke s a nd D unn ing 1 961 , 6 1-2 ; Meaney 1 964 , 15 -6 ; H a se lof f1 981 , T af 2 2 ,2 ; H awke s a nd P o l la rd 1 981 , 3 24 -5 .

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A ppend ix 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 9 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L ive rpoo l mu seum . P ha se s : I ? I V? P re -1844 - When G o s s F i e ld , a tC op S t r ee t ,n ea rG o ld s tone ,A sh ,w a s d ra ined , " . .nea r ly 2 0 . . ." A ng lo S axon g r ave s w e r e d i scov e r ed . T he g r av e s w e r e s a id t o h av e h ad f l ag s tone c ove r s o f l am ina ted s a nd s tone . V a r iou s f i nd s w e r e o b ta ined b y R o lf e , w ho p a s sed t h em t o C .R . Sm i th . T he se f i nd s i n c luded a S ou th S cand inav ian s i lve r r e l ief b rooch , 4b uck le s , a nd a s t rap -end w i th z oomo rph ic d eco ra t ion , a l o fw h ich w e r e i l u s t ra t ed b y Sm i th . Men t ion w a s a l so m ade b y Sm i th o f a' c i rcu la r or namen ts e tw i th c o lou red g l a s s ' ( p o s s ib ly aF r ank i sh d i sc b rooch ) , a nd o f" . .weapon s a nd u r n s , c o in s , g l a s sv e s se l s ,b ead s . . ." . T he r e l ief b rooch w a s p robab ly m anuf a c tu r ed c .5 10 -20 , b u t i t sb ad ly w or n c ond i t ion s ugg e s t s t h a t i t w a s o l dw hen b u r ied . T he b uck le s i n c lud e a5t h c en tu ry c h ip ca rved b uck le o fH awke s a nd D unn ing s ' t y pe I VA , al a te R oman b uck le , a nd t wo c oppe r a loy b uck le s ( o ne w i th s h ie ld -on tongue ) o ft h e Oh c en tu ry . T hu st h e c eme te ry s e em s c e r ta in ly t oh av e b een i nu s e d u r ing t h e f i r s th a lf o ft h e Oh c en tu ry , a nd s ome b u r ia l sm ay h ave d a t ed t ot h e 56' ,o rl a t e r 6t h. T he e xa c t s i t e o f t h e c eme te ry h a s n o t b een e s tab l i shed . M eaney s i ted i tt o TR 2 90597 , b u t a n O rdnan ce S u rvey f i e ld o b se rva t ion o fJ u ly 7 t h 1 964 c ou ld n o t l o ca t eG o s sF i e ld ,n o rc ou ld i tb e l o ca ted o nT i the m ap s . T he f i e ld w a so wned b y aM r . B eck e ra tt h et i m e i tw a sd ra ined , a nd i tw a sd e sc r ibed a s b e ing o nt h eo ppo s i te s i de o ft h em a r she sf r om R ichbo rough . I V . M i l lF i e ld . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TR 2 93458 15 . NAR : TR 2 5 NE49 . P a r f i t t 1 993 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? S ummer 1 992 - T he D ove r A r chaeo log ica l G roup c a r r ied o u t aw a tch ing b r ief a head o f ah ou s ing d eve lopmen t . I na dd i t ion t of e a tu r e sf r om t h e l a t eN eo l i th ic t h rough t oR oman p e r iod s , as i ng le A ng lo S axon i n huma t ion c on ta in ing ac oppe r a loy b uck le w a s l o ca t ed . N o h uman r ema in s s u rv iv ed i nt h e g r av e . As wo rd p omme l , c r uc if o rm b rooch a nd d i t ch a nd p i t c on ta in ing e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon p o t te ry w e r ea l so l o ca ted , i mp ly ing o ccupa t ion o ft h es i t ed u r ing t h e 5t ht o7 `h c en tu r ie s . A shf ord . 8 . I .I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 0 10425 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : T R0 4 SW 13 /04 SW 31 . F au s se t t 1 856 ,x l v i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 83 ; H a rden 1 9 56a , 1 59 , 1 6 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 08 ; E v i son 1 982 , 5 0 ,p l .x i i ia . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : V ic to r ia a nd A lbe r t mu seum . P ha se s : I V -V I . P re -1856 - As k e le ton w a s f o und a c compan ied b y ac l aw -beak e ra nd w eapon s . O n ly t h e c l aw -beake r s u rv ive s . T he b eake ri so fE v i son 's T ype 4 b ,d a tab le t ot h ee a r ly 7 t hc en tu ry . P re -1956 - Ab e l l -beake ri nt h eV ic to r ia a nd A lbe r tm u seum i sl i s t ed a sc om ing f r om A shf o rd . I ti so f H a rden 's t y pe V b , w h ich i sc ha rac t e r i sed a sd omed , w i th c on s t r ic t ion o ft h e b ody . H a rden s u gge s ted t h a tt h i st y pe o f Me rov ing ian v e s se lw a si mpo r ted f r om t h em id -6 th c en tu ry i n to t h e7 t h . T he s i te o f t h e se f i nd s i su nknown . T hey m ay h ave c ome f r om t h e s ame s i t e , o r f r om s e pa ra t e l o ca t ion s . H oweve r , i tm ay b e s i gn if i can t t h a t a n a r ea t o t h e n o r th -w e s t o f A shf o rd C hu rch , a pp rox ima t e ly TR 0 05433 ,h a sl o ng b een k nown a sB a r row H i l l . 9 . I . W i l le sborough . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 0 24 1 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : TR 0 4 SW 19 . H awke s 1 963a . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s :P i t tR ive r sm u seum , F a rnham , D o r se t . P ha se s : I I -V . 1 844 - Ag r oup o fA ng lo -Saxon o b jec t s w e r e f o und a tW i l le sbo rough . T hey c on s i s ted o f as h ie ld -on t o ngue b uck le , 6a mbe r a nd 4 g l a s s b ead s , ac oppe r a loy r i ng , a nd c oppe r a loy f r agmen t s . T hey p r obab ly c ame f r om as i ng le g r ave . T hey p a s sed i n to t h e c o l le c t ion o fT homa s B a teman , a nd i n1 893 w e r ep u r cha sed b yt h eP i t tR ive r sm u seum , F a rnham . T he f i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . A v le sf ord . 1 0 . I .P re s ton H a l l . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 7 2395832 . NAR : TQ 7 5 NW 30 .

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A ppend ix 1 . E van s 1 924 , 5 3 ; C ook 1 928a , 1 07 ; O rdnance S u rv ey 6 " m ap , 1 9 38 ; J e s sup 1 950 , 18 ; E v i son 1 956 , 12 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 4 1-2 , 1 6 4 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 08 ; S wan ton 1 973 , 1 85 , 1 89 ; 1 974 , 3 0 ; A ven t 1 975 ,I ,5 0 1 , I ,4 5 ,c o rpu sn o . 1 7 3 ,p l . 6 4 ; E v i son 1 979 ,7 5 ,f . 1c -d ; Ma id s tone mu seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s :4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : V V I . 1 922 - AJ u t i sh b u r ia l w a s s a id t oh ave b een d i scov e r ed i n as a nd o r g r ave l p i t t ot h e n o r th -we s t o f P r e s ton H a l l . H ow eve r , t h e f i nd s , w h ich i n c luded aF rank i sh w hee l th rown j ug , 2s qua tj a r s o fb l ue g l a s s , ac ompo s i te d i sc b rooch a nd 2 s pea rhead s , i mp ly t h e p o s s ib i l i ty t h a t t h e re w a s mo r e t h an o ne g r ave . T he se f i nd s , a l ong w i th as ku l l a nd b one s , w e r e p l a ced i n Ma id s tone m u seum . T h e m u seum s t o r ea l so h o ld st wo o t he rs p ea rhead s , a nd t h e t i p o f as wo rd o rk n if e ( w i th t r a ce s o f aw ood en s h ea th ) . T h e se f i nd sa l so a ppea rt oh ave b een f o und c .1 922 -3 . 1 924 - A n i r on s h ie ld g r ip f r om t h es i te w a sa cqu i r ed b y Ma id s tone m u seum . 1 926 - Ano th e rF rank i sh j ug a nd s eve ra ls p ea rhead sw e r ef o und . D ecember 2 4 th , 1 931- Two s p ea rhead sw e re f o und a tt h es i t e . T he c ompo s i te d i sc b rooch ,t h eF r ank i sh j ug s , a nd t h es qua tj a r s , i mp ly ad a te i nt h e f i r s th a lf o ft h e 7 t h c e n tu ry f o rt h e se b u r ia l s . T he s i te i t se lf i so n an o r th -f ac ing s pu r ,b e tween 1 0 15m OD . 1 . I . E cc le s . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 7 22605 . NAR : TQ 7 6 SW37 . D e t s ica s 1 963 , 1 40 ; 1 964 , 1 30 ; 1 970 ,6 0 ; 1 97 1 , 3 0 -2 ; 1 972 , 1 08 ; 1 973a ,7 8 ; 1 973b ,2 12 ; D e t s ica sa nd H awke s 1 973 ; D e t s ica s 1 974a , 1 29 -30 ; 1 974b ,2 16 ; 1 975 ,4 4 ; 1 976 , 1 59 , 1 6 1-2 ; 1 977 , 5-9 ; M anche s te r 1 980 ; Manche s t e r 1 981 ; Manche s te ra nd E lmh i r s t 1 980 ; Manche s te r 1 982 ; Manche s te r 1 9 84 ; Manche s t e r 1 983 ; Wenham 1 989 ; S haw 1 994 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 2 15 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 02 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B radf o rd U n ive r s i ty . P ha se s : V I I -X? 1 962 -76 - D u r ing t h e e xcava t ion o ft h e E cc le s R oman v i l la , w h ich t o ok p l a ce o ve rt h e se y ea r s , al a rge A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry w a sd i s cove r ed . T he c eme t e ry m a in ly l a ya d ja cen tt ot h e s ou th -ea s tw ing o ft h e v i l la ,t hough an umbe ro fb u r ia l s o ve r lay t h e v i l la b u i ld ing i t s e lf . T he g r ave sw e re i nt h r ee l a y e r s , w i th t h e u ppe r b u r ia l s b e ing v e ry s h a l low ; m o s t o ft h e se h ad b een d i s tu rbed b y p l ough ing . H ow eve r , d i s t inc tg rave sw e r e i d en t if i ab l ei nt h e l ow e rl a ye r s , a nd at o ta lo f2 02 s epa ra t eg r ave s , c on ta in ing s ome 2 15 b od ie s , w e r e i d en t if i ed . T he t o ta l n umbe r o fb u r ia l s i nt h e c eme t er y a ppea r s t oh ave b een m uch h i ghe rt han t h i s ,a nd an umb e ro fd i s tu rbed b u r ia l s ,p l u s l a rg eq uan t i t ie so fu n s t ra t if ied s ke le ta lm a t e r ia l , w e r ee xcava ted . E v idence o f at i mbe rs t r uc tu r e ,w h ich c ou ld h av eb een ac hape l ,w a sa l so f o und . S t udy o ft h es k e le ton sr e vea led t h ep r e sence o ft wo d i s t inc t ,u n r e la t ed ,f am i ly g roup s( g roup s Aa nd B ) , a nd at h i rd g roup ( C ) w h ich m ay h ave b een ap roduc t o fi n te rma r r iage b e tween m embe r s o fAa nd B . O ne m embe ro fg r oup A ,a nd 1 2m embe r so fg r oup B ,w e r eb u r ied w i th k n ive s ,w h i l s tt wo m embe r so f g r oup C w e re b u r ied w i th s e v e ra l o b jec t s . S t udy o ft h e b one s a l so r e vea led i n d iv idua l s s uf e r ing f r om l e p ro sy ,h yd rocepha lu s , a nd P age t 's d i sea se . S i xs k e le ton s , a l o fa du l tm a le s ,h ad s uf e r ed f a ta l c r an ia l i n ju r ie s ( t hough tt oh ave b een f r om s wo rd b l ow s ) ,w h i l s ta no the r 2m en h ad h ea led w eapon i n ju r ie s . I t i sp o s s ib le t h a tt h e se i n ju r ie sw e re t h er e su l to f as i ng le v i o len ti n c iden ti nt h ec ommun i ty . T he m a jo r i ty o fg r ave s c on ta in ed n o g r ave g ood s , a nd m o s t g r ave s w e r e a l igned W -E . H ow ev e r , 2 4 g r ave s d id c on ta in g r ave g ood s ( 8 o ft h e se h ad ak n if e o n ly ) , w h i l s t 2o t he r s h ad p a tche s o fg r een s t a in ing i mp ly ing t h e p r e sen ce o fc o r roded c oppe ra loy o b jec t s . T he se g r ave s w e re i nt h e l ow e r l a ye r o f b u r ia l s , i n d ica t ing t h a t t h ey w e r e a mong s t t h e e a r l ie s t i nt h e c eme te ry . T he f i nd s i n c luded 3 s p ea rhead s , 1 7 k n ive s , 4t o o l s , ap a i r o fs i lve r s p i ra l -headed p i n s , 1p o t , a nd 5b uck le s . T he b uck le s i n c luded o ne w i th a n o pen -wo rk p l a te , a nd a v e ry f i ne o ne w i th a c ompo s i te p l a te d eco ra ted w i th e ng raved S t y le I a n ima lo r nam en t , a nd u nu sua la pp l ied r e l ief o r namen t . H awk e sd a ted t h i sb uck le t oc . 6 50 a tt h e e a r l ie s t , a nd i ng en e ra lt h e f i nd s c an b e d a t ed t ot h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 7 t hc en tu ry , i mp ly ing t h a tt h i s i sw hen t h e c eme t e ry w a s e s tab l i shed . T he m a jo r i ty o fb u r ia l s w e r e c l ea r ly l a te rt h an t h i s , t h e g r ea t e r p a r t o ft h e c eme te ry ' s u s e b e ing a f t e r t h e d epo s i t ion o fg r ave g ood s h ad c ea sed . I ti st h u s p o s s ib le t h a tt h ec eme te ry c on t inu ed i nu s ei n to t h e9 t h ,o re ven 1 0 th ,c en tu ry . T he c eme t e ry l i e s o n t h e m id to lowe r s l ope s b e low t h e D own s , i nt h e b o t tom o ft h e Medway V a l ley . T he s i te f a ce sw e s t sou th -w e s t , a nd i sb e tween 2 0 -25m OD . T he s o i lc ove r ing t h e s i te c on s i s t s o fd a rk g r ey -b rown l o am . 1 2 . I I . R oche s ter R oad . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 3365916 . NAR : TQ 7 5 NW20 . G rove 1 955 ,2 08 ; Meaney 1 9 64 , 1 08 .

5

A ppend ix 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : V -V I I I . c .1 954 - Ac oppe ra l loy b u ck le w a sp r e sen t ed t o Ma id s tone m u seum ( a cce s s ion n o . 5 8 .1955B ) . I th ad b een f ound i nt h eg a rden o f" No rbu ry " , R oche s t e r R oad , A y le sf o rd . T he b uck le h a s af i xed p l a te w i th h ooked e nd , a nd i sp a ra l le led b y o ne f r om G i l ton , g r ave 8 8 ( F au s se t t 1 856 , P l .X .4 ) . I tp robab ly d a te s t ot h e7 `1 c en tu ry . T he s i te i so n as ou th -f a c ing s pu r ,b e tw een 5 10m OD . 1 3 . I V . B u shey Wood . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 22602 . NAR : N one . K e l ly 1 987 ,3 54 ,f .7 . 5 , 3 6 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : V I I I -X . 1 987 - Ac oppe r a l loy a n sa t e b r ooch w a s f o und b y A . B ux ton i nB u shey Wood . T he b r ooch i so f c on t inen ta lt y pe ,d a tab le t ob e tw een t h el a te 7 t ht ol a te 9 t hc en t u r ie s . T he f i nd s po t i sa bou t 2 80m s ou th o ft h e E cc le s c eme te ry , o n t h e l owe r p a r t o f ag en t le s o u th -we s t f a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 1 5 -20m OD . B arham . 1 4 15 . I .B arham D own s . I n huma t ion ( o rm ixed? )c eme te ry ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TR 2 13508 /206514 /206515 + v a r iou s l o ca l i ty o n ly . NAR : TR 2 4 NW32 /24 NW62 /24 NW63 /24 NW76 /24 NW 19 /25 SW43 /25 SW45 /25 SW 131 . GMLA I( 1759 ) , 8 7 ; S m i th 1 852 , 2 19 -20 ; J ou rna l o f t h e B r i t i sh A r cha eo log ica l A s soc ia t ion 1 3 ( 1 857 ) , 3 19 ; B rowne 1 884 , I I , 2 44 -5 ; T he A r cha eo log ica l J our na l 6 5 ( 1908 ) , 8 6 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 83 ; J e s sup 1 943 , 6 9 ; Ma id s tone Mu seum G az e t t ee r ; Meaney 1 9 64 , 1 08 ; W i l son 1 967 , 2 66 ; W i l son 1 969 ,2 33 ; R igo ld a nd Me t ca lf 1 984 ,2 54 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 77 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , BM ( Na tu ra l H i s to ry ) ,C an te rbu ry mu seum , Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I I ? IX? B e tween 1 509 -47 - B rowne r e co rd ed t h a t" . .a b a r row w a s o p ened i nt h e d ay so fH en ry V I I I . . . [by M r . T homa sD igg s a nd S i rC h r i s tophe rH a le s ] . . .and al a rg e u rn w a s f o und u nde r i t . " I tw a s a l so n o ted t h a t i r on o b jec t s w e r e f o und w i th i t ,w h ich s ugg e s t s t h a t t h i s c ou ld h ave b een a n A ng lo -Saxon c r ema t ion b u r ia l . T he b a r row w a s s a id t ob e o n B a rham D own s , b u t i t se xa c t l o ca t ion i sn o t k nown , a nd i tm ay h ave b een ab a r row o nB r ea ch D own s . 1 759 - AM r .J a cob s( o fF av e r sham )g av ea na c coun tt oa nA n t iqua r ian S oc ie ty o fd igg ing u p as k e le ton n ea rB a rham D own s . As wo rd , s p ea r , a nd n eck la ce o fg l a s s b ead s , w e r e s a id t oh ave b een f o und w i th i t .T he e xa c tf i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . 1 842 - As e ax , w i th r ema in s o f aw ooden s h ea th , w a s f o und i n ag r ave o n B a rham D own s , i nt h e p r e sence o ft h eR ev . B ea le P o s t e . I ti si n Ma id s tone m u seum . 1 852 - C .R . Sm i th r e co rded aF rank i sh j ug , o f' b la ck i sh ' w a r e , t h a t w a s s a id t oh ave b een f o und o n B a rham D own ( R .A . Sm i th w ro te i n1 908 t h a tt h ej ug w a s i nC an t e rbu ry m u seum ) . P re -1908 - A6 `1 c en tu ry s i lve rb r ooch w a sf o und o nB a rham D own . 1 943 - R .F . J e s sup n o t ed t h a t p l oughed -ou t S axon b a r row s w e r e v i s ib le a tm any p lace s o n B a rham D own s . H e a l so s a id t h a tm any b a r row s a ppea r ed t oh ave b een d e s t royed b y ar a ce c ou r se l a id o u t i n t h e 1 8 th c en tu ry ,a nd b yF i r s t Wo r ld Wa rt r enche st ot h ew e s to fB a rham M i l l . 1 964 - Meaney n o t ed t h a t i nt h e RCS c o l lec t ion , i nt h e N a tu r a l H i s to ry m u seum , w a s as ku l l , s a c rum a nd p e lv ic f r agmen t . T he s ku l l w a s m a rk ed " f rom t h e c ha lk , B a rham D own s , K en t , A ng lo -Saxon m a le" . I ta ppea r ed t h a ta l t h e b on e s w e r e f r om t h e s ame f i nd , s i n ce t h ey w e r e a l i n as im i la rs t a te o f p r e se rva t ion . 1 966 - ( Barham D own s A ) R oad -wo rk sw e r ec a r r ied o u ta l ong t h eA 2 . A t TR 2 06515 , 1 8f l a tg r ave s w e re l o ca ted , a nd b one s r e cove r ed f r om 1 . O ne g r ave c on ta ined as ma l l i r on b uck le . Two s c ea t ta s w e re a l so f ound ( a t TR 2 06514 ) , a s soc ia ted w i th as p ea rhead . T h i s s i te w a sj u s ts ou th o ft h eb ounda ry w i th K ing s ton p a r i sh , a nd t h e se g r ave s m ay h ave b een p a r t o ft h e s ou the rn e x t rem i ty o ft h e K ing s ton c eme te ry . T hey w ou ld a ppea r t or e p r e sen t as e pa ra te s i t e f r om t h e f o u r g r ave s f ound i n 1 9 68 ( s ee b e low ) ,a nd t h u sa r el i s t ed u nde r" Ba rham D own sA "t od i s t ingu i sh t h em f r om t h o se b e low . 1 968 - ( Barham D own sB ) R oad -wo rk sa t TR 2 13508 u ncov e r ed 4i n huma t ion s . O ne h ad ak n if e ,a nd o ne h ad 2c oppe ra loy m oun t sa nd 4k n iv e s . T he o t he rt wo g r ave sc on ta ined n oo b jec t s . A pa r tf r om t h e 66 1c en tu ry b r ooch ,w ho se e xac tf i nd spo ti sn o tk nown , mo s to ft h eg rave sf r om B a rham D own sw e re p robab ly o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry o rl a t e r . 2s c ea t ta s f r om B a rham D own s w e re c e r ta in ly b u r ied a f t e rc .6 60 a tt h ee a r l ie s t . B a rham D own s a l so p a s st h rough K ing s ton a nd B i shop sbou rne p a r i she s . T hu s s ome o ft h e f i nd s l i s ted h e r em ay h ave c ome f r om t h es i te si nt h o se p a r i she s .

6

A ppend ix I . B a rham Downs A l i es o n as l igh t s pu r o ft h e u ppe r p a r t o f as t eep s ou th -wes t f a c ing s l ope o ft h e L i t t le S t ou r v a l ley . T he s i te i sa t8 0m OD . T he g eo logy i sC ha lk . B a rham D own s Bl i es o n a no the r s l igh t s pu ro ft he s ame v a l ley s l ope , l km t ot h e s ou th -ea s t . T h is s i te i so n t h e b row o ft h e s l ope , a ta bou t 9 5 1 00m OD . 1 6 . I . B reach D owns . I n huma t ion c eme te ry , p r ima ry i nb ar row s . SA M K en t2 5499 . NOR : TR 2 0674900 . NAR : TR 2 4 NW1/24 NW 19 /24 NW64 /24 N W66 /24 NW71/24 NW74 /24 NW77 . C onyngham 1 844a , 4 7 -56 ;

D unk in 1 844a , 9 1-7 ;

A nonymou s 1 844 , 2 71;

C roke r 1 844a , 3 79 -80 ;

Wr igh t 1 845 , 6 -8 ; B ar t le t t 1 845 , 3 16 -7 ; B ar t le t t 1 854 -6 ; Sm i th 1 848a , 7 -8 , p l .v i ; Akerman 1 855a , 9 1 0 , 4 2+n2 , 5 8 , 7 3 , 8 0 , p l s . v ,x xv i i i .2 -3 , . 5 -7 , x xxv i .2 -3 , x 1 .2 ; Sm i th 1 860 , 3 5 -46 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 44 , 3 48 -9 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 23-5 ; Sm i th 1 923 , 5 8 -9 ; RCH M p ho to TR 1 950 / 1/3080 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 6 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 11 ; E v ison 1 965 , 2 15 -7 ; A ven t 1 975 , c orpu s n o . 1 35 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 , 2 46 ; Wi l lson 1 984a , 1 25 -30 ; E v ison 1 979 , 7 8 , 8 0 ; 1 987 , 1 76 ; G eake 1 994 ; O rdnance S u rvey R eco rds . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 03 . R eco rded g rave s : 9 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t ish Museum , BM ( Na tu ra l H i s to ry ) . P ha ses : V IX . c . 1809 - T . Man te l l e xcava t ed s eve ra l b a r row s o n B reach D own , b u t made n o a ccu ra te r e co rd s . F inds i n c luded 3 b uck le s , s ome b ead s a nd ap endan t o f Max im inus t h a t c ame f r om t h e s ame g rave , a nd p a r t s o f 2s wo rd s . S ep t . -Oc t . 1 841- L o rd C onyngham c a r r ied o u t e xcava t ions . 1 03 b a r row s w e re v i s ib le , many o fw h ich h ad b een o pened b y Man te l l . C onyngham e xcava ted 6 6 b a r row s ( g rave s 1 66 ) , c on ta in ing a tl e a s t 7 1 b u r ia ls . T he l a rges t b a r row s w e re a pp rox ima te ly 2 . 5m i nh e igh t , b u t mo s t w ere u nde r a bou t 1 . 20m h i gh . T he mound s w e re l a rge ly made u p o fc ha lk r ubb le a nd f l in t s . T he g rave s w e re c u t i n to t h e c ha lk b ed rock , mo s t i fn o t a l l o n a W-E a l ignmen t .

I n t wo o f t h e g raves t h e re w a s e v idence o fp o s s ib le

c r ema t ions , w h i ls t a t l e a s t o ne o ft h e mu l t ip le b u r ia ls ( g rave 3 ) w a s p oss ib ly t h e r e su l t o f a n e a r l ie r g r ave b e ing d i s tu rbed b y as e conda ry i n termen t . c .1 843 - J . P . B ar t le t t e xcava ted " seve ra l" s ma l l b a r row s ( i nc lud ing g raves A -D ) . G rave A c on ta ined 6 s c ea t ta s , o fw h ich 5w e re i l us t ra ted b yC .R . Sm i th . S ep t . 1 0 th 1 844 -

T he i s t C ong res s o f t h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l A s soc ia t ion o pened 8 b a r row s

( g raves 6 7 -74 ) . S ep t . 1 6 th 1 844 - C onyngham e xcava ted a no the r 8b a r row s ( g raves 7 5 -82 ) . A l l l a y a pp rox ima te ly WE ,a par tf r om t h e l a s t , wh ich l a yS -N . 1 930 -40 - T he O .S . r eco rded t h a t a bou t 4 5 b a r row s w e re s t i l l v i s ib le a tt h e s i te . 6w e re d e sc r ibed a s l a rge , t he r ema inde ra s" qu i te s ma l l" . J an . 1 946 - A n RAF a e r ia l p ho tog raph s howed a tl e a s t 3 8 mounds s u rv iv ing , w i th p e rhap s a no the r 1 7 p l oughed o u to rf l a t tened . May -June 1 975 - On ly c .2 8 b a r row s w e re s t i l l v i s ib le , s ome h av ing b een r emoved w i thou t r e co rd ing i nt h e c on s t ruc t ion o f as ma l l h ous ing e s ta te . T he KARU u nder took aw a tch ing b r ief w h i ls t as ewerage p i pe w a sb e ing l a id i nt h eb ack g a rden s o fs ome o ft h eh ou ses . 3d ef in i te ( g rave s 8 3-85) a nd 3p robab le ( g raves 8 6 -88 )g raves w e re r e co rded i nt h et r ench . T he s i te w a s i nu se t h roughou tt h e 7t h c en tu ry , a nd p robab ly c on t inued i n to t h e 8t h. T he s i te l i es o n t h e t op a nd n o r th -wes t f a c ing s l ope o fB reach D owns .

T he b ed rock i sU ppe r C ha lk ,

a nd OD i s8 4m . S evera l o ft h es u rv iv ing b ar row s a r e h eav i ly o ve rg rown . S ome h ave b een d amaged b y at r ack , wh ich r un s b eh ind t h e C ounc i l E s ta te . T he b a r row s a r eg ene ra l ly v ery s ma l l , w i th t h e e xcep t ion o fo ne l a rge b ar row a tt h e h i ghe s tp o in to ft h e s i te . T h is m ay h ave b een o fB ronze Age d a te . 1 7 . I I . I s o la ted f i nd . NOR : TR 2 2634852 . NAR : TR 2 4 NW 13 . B rown 1 913-14 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 4 07 -8 , p l .xcv .1-3 ; C onway 1 918 , 6 5 ; E v ison 1 987 , 1 77 . P ha ses : I I -V? c .1 855 - As i lve r s poon w i th z oomorph ic a r two rk w a s f ound o n t h e B roome P a rk E s ta te , B a rham , i na f i e ld n ex t t ot h e Dover -Can te rbu ry r oad . I th ad a n a n ima l h ead a tt h ej unc t ion b e tween t h e b ow l a nd s t em , a nd a c rouch ing q uadr uped o n t h e e nd o f t h e s t em . T he s poon w a s p robab ly made o n t h e c on t inen t i nt h e 6t h c en tu ry . 1 916 T he s poon w a s s o ld a tC h r is t ies ' . T he f i nd s po t i sa bove t h e b row o f as ou th -we s t f a c ing C ha lk s l ope , b e tween t h e 1 20 a nd 1 25m c on tou r s .

7

A ppend ix 1 . 1 8 . I V . B roome P ark . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 2 2264884 . NAR : TR 2 4 NW2 1 . B rad shaw 1 969 ,2 35 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 78 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 5 . R eco rded g r ave s : ?L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum? P ha se s : X . S ep tember 1 969 - D u r ing t h e l a y ing o f ag a s p i pe l ine , 5i n huma t ion b u r ia l sw e re d i s tu rbed i nB roome P a rk . P ho tog raph s a nd ad e sc r ip t ion p r ov ided b y K . B eech ing t ot h e A shf o rd A rchaeo log i ca l G roup s howed t h a t t h e g r ave s w e r e " a t ad ep th o f 2f e e t i nt h e c ha lk , w h ich a tt h i s p o in t w a s o v e r la id b y 9 i n che s o fs o i l" . O ne o ft h e g r ave s c on ta ined s e ve ra l b od ie s , a nd a l w e re a l igned N -S . F i nd s , w h ich w e r er e t a ined b yt h ew o rkmen , i n c luded ag r een b ead a nd s e ve r a lp o t te ry s he rd s , o ne o fw h ich a ppea r ed t ob e o f8 t ht o9 t hc en tu ry d a te . T he s i t ew a s s ome 3 84 f e e t s ou th o ft h ec r ema to r ium f e n ce ,o n aw e s t f a c ing s l ope . OD i sb e tw een 9 5 100m . 1 9 . V . W ick Wood . D oub tf u li n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 2 23549 15 . NAR : TR 2 4 NW75 . W i l l son 1 984b , 1 66 174 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r av e s : 3 . P ha se s : ? F eb . 1 972 - Ao ne d ay r e scue e xcava t ion c a r r ied o u tb yt h e K en tA r chaeo log ica l R e scue U n i ta head o f r o ad w o rk s l o ca t ed 3 i n huma t ion s , a s w e l l a s s e ve ra l p r eh i s to r ic a nd R omano -Br i t i sh d i t che s . T he b u r ia l s c on ta ined n o g r ave g ood s , b u tt h e f i l l o fg r av e 2c on ta ined f o u rw o rn s h e rd s o fR oman p o t te ry , l e ad ing t h ee xcava to rt os ugg e s t ap robab le S axon d a t e f o rt h e se g r ave s . T he s i t e l a y i n as l igh th o l low a t op as pu ro fU ppe rC ha lk , OD 10m . B ek e sbou me . 2 0 . I .A d i sham D own . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry , p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TR 2 0755489 . NAR : TR 2 5 SW 1 . D oug la s 1 793 , 7 4 , p l .xv i i i .12 ; F au s se t t 1 856 , 1 44 -59 ; S m i t h 1 908a , 3 43 -4 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 19 ; C hadw ick 1 958a ,6 9 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 08 -9 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 6 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L ive rpoo l mu seum . P ha se s : V I I? IX? c .1 740 's - S i rT homa s H a le s h ad an umbe ro fb a r row s o n A d i sham D own l e ve l led t op rov ide s o i l f o r t r ee p l an t ing . Af ew g r ave sw e r ee xcava t ed , a nd h uman b one s , i r on o b jec t s a nd o ne o rt wo c o in s w e r e s a id t oh ave b een f ound . May -Augu s t 1 773 - B ryan F au s se t t e xcava t ed 4 5 g r ave s o n t h e D own . 3 4 w e re p r ima ry b a r row b u r ia l s , 9g r ave sw e re l o ca t ed u nde ra ne a r th b ank , a nd 2f e a tu r e sw h ich m ay h ave b een g r av e s( g rave s? 2 0 -2 1) w e r el o ca t ed b yu s eo f ap robe . I na dd i t ion ,g r ave s4 1A a nd 4 4A a ppea rt oh ave b een s e conda ry b u r ia l s i n se r ted i n to b a r row s , w h i l s t g r ave 7 c on ta ined t h re e s k e le ton s , t wo o f w h ich w e r e s i t t ing u p r igh tw i th t h e i rb ack s a ga in s tt h e h ead o ft h e g r ave . O ft h e 3 4 b a r row s r e co rded , 1 3 m ound sa ppea r t oh ave b een ' l a rge ' o r ' l a rg i sh ' , 1 0 w e r e ' m idd le s iz ed ' , a nd 1 w e re ' sma l l ' . A l l t h e g r av e s w e r e a l igned W -E . 1 8g r ave sc on ta ined g r ave g ood s ,w h i l s ta no the r 2c on ta ined o n ly c of in n a i l s , a nd 1c on ta ined t h et o o th o f ah o r se o ro x . T he r ema in ing 2 6 b u r ia l s c on ta ined n o o b je c t s . 2 5 g r ave s h ad c of in s , 2 3 o fw h ich w e r e b u rn t . S eve ra l g r ave s a nd m ound s c on ta ined f r agmen t s o f p o t te ry , p o s s ib ly o f p r eh i s to r ic o r R oman d a te ,a nd s ome o ft h e l a rg e rm ound sm ay h ave b een p r eh i s to r ic t h em se lve s . N one o ft h eg r ave sn eed d a t et ob ef o r e t h em id -7 t h c en tu ry , a nd i ti sp r obab le t h a tb u r ia l c on t inu ed i n to t h e 8t h c en tu ry . T he s i te l i e sa s t r ide ac r o s s road s ,o n as ou th -ea s tf a c ing C ha lk s l ope , OD b e tween 5 0 -55m . 2 1 . I . A erodrome ( Aka C ow s l ip Wood ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 2 00555 . NAR : TR 1 5 NE 1 /25 NW31 . A nonymou s 1 951 , x l i i i -x l iv ; J enk in s 1 955 , x l i i ; 1 957 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 9 ; H a se lof f1 9 58 , 7 2 103 ; M eaney 1 964 , 1 09 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o s . 1 079 1081 , f i g s . 7 4 , 2 79 ; B r enan 1 99 1 , 1 84 -5 ; H ä rke 1 992 ,2 47 -8 ; O .S . R eco rd s ; C an t e rbu ry Mu seum R eco rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 2 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum , BM ( Na tu ra lH i s to ry ) . P ha se s : I IV? 1 914 -19 - D u r ing c on s t ruc t ion o ft h e a e rod rome a tB eke sbou rne , " . .nume rou sh uman r ema in s . . ." w e r e s a id t oh ave b een f ound w i th in a na r ea o fa bou t3 0 s qua r em e t r e s . T hey w e re a t ad ep th o fa bou t9 0cm u nde rt h e s u r f a ce , t h e i rg r ave s c u t t ing a bou t 6 0cm i n to t h e c ha lk . A t l e a s t o ne c omp le te s k e le ton w a s f o und , l y ing o n i t ss i de i n ac on t rac t ed p o s i t ion . Meaney n o ted t h a tt h eN a tu ra l H i s to ry m u seum h ad a s ku l l f r om t h i ss i t e ,t r an sf ixed b y as p ea rhead . A' r i ng b rooch ' ,w i th s c ro l l o rnamen t , a nd ad i ame t e ro f

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A ppend ix 1 . a bou t 1 4mm ,w a sa l so s a id t oh ave b een f o und a tt h i st i me . T h i sw a sp robab ly o ne o ft h et h r ee h ang ing b ow l f i t t ing s w h ich C an t e rbu ry m u seum r e ce ived m any y ea r s l a t e r ( c . 1 950? ) . T he se h ad b een f o und ( b y aM r . J one s )h ang ing o n an a i l i n ah u ta tB ek e sbour n ea e rod rome . c . 1 936 - A g r ave ( g rave A ) w a s f ound i n t h e r e a r g a rden o f ' Home s t ead ' , w h ich n e ighbou r s "Wood land s" , w he r e t h e f md s i nt h e 1 950 's w e r e m ade . T he s k e le ton w a s a ccompan ied b y ar a d ia t e b r ooch ,b ead s ,a nd aw hee l th rown b o t t le ( t he l a t t e rn ow l o s t ) . Mar ch /Apr i l 1 955 M r . P e rcy W i l son w a s c l ea r ing w ood land a t t h e r e a r o f h i s b unga low "Wood land s" , w hen i tw a s n o t i ced t h a t a n u p roo t ed t r ee h ad d i s tu rbed ag r ave . F ragmen t s o fh uman b one a nd as pea rhead w e r e t a k en t oC an te rbu ry m u seum , a nd a r cha eo log i s t F rank J enk in s a nd F rank H ig enbo t tam ( c u ra to ro ft h em u seum )v i s i ted t h es i t ea nd o b ta ined p e rm i s s ion t od i g . May -December 1 955 - F .J e nk in se xcava ted a tt h es i t e( c en t r ed TR 1 9995549 ) . 2 9g r ave s( 1 -29 )w e r e e x cava ted a nd r e co rded . As i t ep l an w a s p r epa r ed , a nd d e ta i l s o ft h e se a nd l a te rg r ave s w e r er e co rded i n as i te n o t ebook ,a l ong w i th d r aw ing so fm o s tg r ave s . D ecember 1 8t h, 1 955 - Two g r ave sw e r e l o ca t ed w hen ap i tw a sd ug f o rt h ed i spo sa lo f al a rg et r ee r oo t . T he se w e re o r ig ina l ly r e co rded a s' R e scue A a nd B ' . R e scue A w a s s ub sequen t ly d e s igna t ed g r av e 3 6 , w h i l s tR e scue B ,w h ich w a s ad oub le g r ave c on ta in ing t wo s k e le ton s s i de b y s i de , w a s l i s ted a sg r av e s 3 7a nd 3 8 . B e tween D ecember 1 8t h,1 955 , a nd May 1 2t h 1 956 - F ou r f u r the r g r av e s ( 30 -33 ) w e r e e xcava ted . G rave 3 0 w a s r e co rded s imp ly a s" . . . the g r ave w h ich J a rv i s e xcava ted . . ." , b u t s ome o ft h e f i nd s i n C an t e rbu ry m u seum a r el a be l led a sc om ing f r om t h i sg r ave . May 1 3t h20 t h 1 956 - G rav e s3 4a nd 3 5w e re e xcava t ed . A pr i l 2 5t h ,1 959 - P ro spec t ion s " . . . lowe r d own t h e s i t e . . ." , a nd t owa rd s t h e e a s t , u s ing t r enche s a nd p r obe s , l o ca ted o n ly u nd i s t u rbed n a tu ra lc ha lk . May 2 " , 1 959 - T op so i l s t r ipp ing d u r ing t h e c l ea rance o ft h e w ood land r e vea led t wo g r ave s . B o th w e r ee mp ty . O ne w a st h ough tt oh ave b een t h eg r ave d i s tu rbed i n Ma r ch 1 955 . T he o t he rc on ta ined a m od e rn b o t t le s t oppe r , t h ough t h e r ew a sn o k now ledge o ft h e c i r cum s tance s o fi t ' s d i s tu rbance . T h e se t wo g r aves w e r e c l o se t o g e the r , a nd w e r e n ea rt og r ave 1 2( wh ich h ad a l so b een r obbed ) . Two g r av e s a r em a rked i np enc i lo nt h es i t ep l an n ea rg r ave 1 2 . O ne i sl a be l led g r ave 3 6 ,t h eo t h e ri su n labe l led . I t i sp r obab le t h a tt h e se a r et h eg r ave sd i scove red i n1 9 59 . May 96 10 t h,1 959 - T h re e i n t e r -cu t t ing g r ave s w e r e d i scove r ed . T hey w e re o r ig ina l ly r e co rded a s g r av e s3 7 -39 ,b u tw e r e l a te rr e -de s igna ted g r ave s3 9 -4 1 . T he se g rave s m o s t ly a ppea r t od a te t o K en t i sh p ha se s I 1V ( c . 5 00 -580 /90 ) . G rave 2 c on ta ined a p r obab le s e ax , a nd aOh c en tu ry b uck le t h a th ad b een a dap ted w i th at r i angu la rb uck le p l a te . T h i sg r ave m ay h ave d a t ed t ot h ee a r ly rh c en tu ry . T he s i te i so nt h ec r e s to f ac ha lk h i l lo nt h e S Es i de o ft h eL e s se rS t ou rV a l ley . OD i sa bou t4 0m . T he n a tu ra l c ha lk i sc ove red b y s h a l low , w e l l -d ra ined c ha lky l o am . T he e xcava ted a r ea , i nt h e g a rden o f "Wood land s" h ad b een d i s t u rb ed b yt r ee c l ea rance a nd l e ve l l ing j u s t p r io rt oe xcava t ion . T he a r ea t o t h en o r th a nd w e s tr ema in sw ooded ,w h i l s tt h ea r ea st ot h es ou th a nd e a s tc on s i s to fg a rden s . B irch ing ton . 2 2 . I .M inn i sB ay . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t eo rs i t e s . NGR : TR 2 9276952 /292695 ( Chadw ick g i ve s2 9276867 /29326959 ) . NAR : TR 2 6 NE2 1/NE38 . C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 7 ; H awke s 1 96 1b ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 29 ; P e rk in s e ta l 1 987 , 4 8 ; P ow e l l -Co t ton m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o f g r av e s : 3 . R eco rded g r av e s : 3 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : P owe l l -Co t ton m u seum , L i ve rpoo lm u seum . P ha se s : ? 1 938 T h r ee b u r ia l s w e r e f o und i n G a l lwey A venue a nd a d jacen t S t . M i ld r ed ' s A v enue , B i r ch ing ton . O ne g r ave c on ta ined a nA ng lo -Saxon k n if ea nd b uck le . T h e se g rave s w e re a l l f o und a ts e pa ra t e l o ca t ion s , a nd a r e c on s ide r ed b y s ome t o r e p r e sen t t h r ee i n d iv idua lb u r ia l s ,r a the rt h an b e ing p a r to f ac eme te ry . T h es i te i so nl ow g round ,s l op ing t owa rd st h es ou th -w e s t . OD i s1 0 15m . 2 3 . I . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TR 3 0206900? NAR : ? S m i th 1 848a , 6 4 , p l .xx i i i , f . 2 -5 ; H a igh 1 872 , 1 64 , 1 72 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 84 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 7 ; R igo ld a nd Me t ca lf 1 984 ,2 47 ;P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : A s luno l ean m u seum . P ha se s :V I I I IX . P re -1848 - R o lf e a cqu i r ed f o u r s c ea t ta s f o und a tB i r ch ing ton . T he f mde r c l a imed t h a t a n I r on A g e s i lve rc o in w a sf ound w i th t h em . N oo t he rc i r cum s tance so ft h ef i nd a r er e co rded , a nd i ti sp o s s ib le t h a t

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A ppend ix 1 . t h e se c o in s c ame f r om ag r ave . O ne c o in i s aT ype 2 7 ( B I I ) , o ne i s ap r ima ry r u n ic , a nd 2a r e F r i s ian R un ic s . T he se t y pe sd a te t ot h ee a r ly 8 t hc en tu ry . 2 4 . I I . B rook send . D oub tf u li n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 2 87688 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : ? P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 7 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om D .R .J . P e rk in s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ?R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s :n one . P ha se s : ? P re -1987 - A e r ia lp ho tog raphy r e vea led ap r obab le B ronz eA g eb a r row g roup ,a nd af l a tc em e t e ry . T he c eme t e ry i sp o s s ib ly o fp r eh i s to r ic d a t e ,b u ti st h ough tb yP e rk in st ob em o r e l i ke ly A ng lo -Saxon . T he s i te i so n al ow s pu r ,o ve r look ing B rook send S t r eam . OD i s1 0 15m . 2 5 . I V . G rea tB rook send . D oub tf u li n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 2 9 1686 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : n one . I n f o rma t ion f r om D .R .J . P e rk in s . M in imum n o .o f &aye s : ?R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s :n one . P ha se s : ? P re 1998 - C rop -ma rk so f ab a r row g r oup w e r eo b se rved . P e rk in sc on s ide r st h ed i tche st o os ma l l f o r p r eh i s to r ic b a r row s ,a nd t h ink s a7t ho r 8t hc en tu ry d a te m o s tl i k e ly f o rt h i sc eme te ry . T he s i t el i e sa bou t5 00m s ou th -ea s to ft h eB rook send c eme t e ry ,b e tween 1 5 -20m OD . B i shon sbourne . 2 6 -27 . I .B ourne P ark . I n huma t ion c eme te ry ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s . S AM K en t7 1 . NGR : TR 1 9 155306 / 19245320 / 188536 . NAR : TR 1 5S E6 / 15 S E2 / 15 S E3 / 15 S E54 / 15 S E55 . D unk in 1 844a , 9 6 100 ; C rok e r 1 844a , 3 80 ; W r igh t 1 844 , 2 53 56 ; Wr igh t 1 845 , 8 ; W r igh t 1 852 , 4 02 -3 ; F au s se t t 1 856 , 9 5 100 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 44 -5 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 19 -20 ; J e s sup 1 943 , 6 9 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 65 ; C hadw ick 1 9 58a , 7 0 ; Meaney 1 964 , 10 ; E v i son 1 979 , 7 9 ; O rdnan ce S u rvey R eco rd s ; H awke sA rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 10 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 4 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L ive rpoo l mu seum . P ha se s : V I IX? J u ly 1 6 th , 1 771- B ryan F au s se t te xcava t ed 9b a r row s( g rave s 1 9 )a tt h e s i de o ft h e D ove r -Can te rbu ry r o ad ( Bou rne P a rk A ) . A l lw e re a l igned W -E . S even o ft h eb a r row s w e re d e sc r ibed a s ' m idd le s ized ' , b u t t h a t o ve r g r ave 4 , ac h i ld 's b u r ia l w a s s ma l le r , w h i l s t t h a t o ve r g r ave 8 w a s ' l a rge ' . G rave 7 c on ta ined t wo a du l t s , o ne a bove t h eo t h e r . T he r ew e r ef ew g r av eg ood s . F au s se t t a l so n o t ed t h a t a tl e a s t 1 00 o t he r b a r row s w e r e v i s ib le a bou t 4 60m t o t h e n o r th w e s t , o n H ang ing H i l l , TR 1 88536 ( Bou rne P a rk B ) . Many , e s pec ia l ly n ea rt h er o ad , h ad l a rge t r ee sg r ow ing o n t h em ,t h ough m o s th ad b een a lmo s tl e ve l led . I tw a ss a id t h a to nd i gg ing a nywhe re o nt h eh i l lt o ad ep th o f 2o r 3f e e t ,h uman b one sw e r ee ncoun t e r ed . P re 1844 - L o rd C onyngham o pened s ev e ra l b a r row s i nB ou r ne P a rk , b u t f o und n o th ing b u t as h ie ld b o s s . J une 2 4 th , 1 844 - T homa s Wr igh t a nd L o rd C onyngham e xcava t ed 3 b a r row s ( g rave s 1 0 12 ) o n H ang ing H i l l . A l l w e r e a l igned S -N , a nd t wo o f t h e g r av e s h ad s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu re s . O n ly v e ry f r agmen ta ry s k e le ta lr ema in sw e r ef o und , b u ta l c on ta ined g r av eg ood s . S ep tember 1 0 th , 1 844 - Two m o r e b a r row s ( 1 3 14 ) w e r e e xcava ted d u r ing t h e i s t C ong r e s s o ft h e B r i t i sh A r cha eo log ica lA s soc ia t ion . G rave 1 4h e ld t wo s k e le ton s ; h ow eve r ,t h eu ppe rs ke le ton l a yw i th 3 0cm o ft h ea pex o ft h eb a r row ,a nd w a st h ough tb yt h es u rg eon p r e sen tt oh ave b een moder n . S ep tember 1 7 th , 1 844 - L o rd C onyngham o pened m o r eb a r row s , b u ta l e xcep to ne ( wh ich c on ta ined a b uck le )w e re e mp ty . 1 943 - Mo s to ft h eb a r row sw e r eo b l i te ra ted b yp l ough ing . Ap robab le b a r row , s i tua ted a t TR 1 9245320 , t o t h e e a s t o f t h e C an t e rbu ry -Dove r r o ad , o ppo s i t e B ou rne P a rk A , i st h ough tt ob em o r ep robab ly A ng lo -Saxon , r a th e rt h an p r eh i s to r ic . I ti ss i tua t ed o na s l ope , a nd i t s d imen s ion s w e r e r e co rded b y t h e O S i n1 965 a sd i ame t e r 1 7 .5m , h e igh t 0 . 5m . I fi ti s S axon ,t h en i tw ou ld a ppea rt h a tt h i sb u r ia lg r ound e x t ended e i the rs i de o ft h eR oman r oad . Ap a lm c up d e sc r ibed b y H a rden a sc om ing f r om B ou rne , S andhu r s t ( i n t h e Wea ld ) a lmo s t c e r ta in ly c ame f r om t h i ss i t e . N one o ft h eg r ave sf r om t h i ss i t eo rs i te sw ou ld a ppea rt od a te b ef o r et h e 7t hc en tu ry a tt h ee a r l ie s t . B ou rne P a rk A i sr e p r e sen t ed b y ac l u s t e r o fb a r row s o n t h e b r ow a nd u ppe r s l ope o f aC ha lk r i dg e . T h e s l ope f a ce s s ou th -we s t , a nd o ve r look s t h e L i t t le S t ou rv a l ley . Mo s to ft h e b a r row s a r e c omp le te ly r emoved o r b a r e ly p e r cep t ib le . H oweve r , af ew h ave s u rv iv ed r e la t ive ly i n ta c t i n an a r row s t r ip o f w ood land a l ong t h ew e s te rn s i de o ft h eR oman r o ad w h ich a ppea r st oh ave f o rmed t h e e a s t e rn b ounda ry o ft h es i te . OD i sb e tw een 5-75m .

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A ppend ix 1 . B ou rne P a rk B l i e s t ot h e s ou th , o n t h e s ame r i dge , o n t h e t o p a nd b row o ft h e s l ope , b e tween 6 0 -65m . T he g eo logy i sC ha lk . 2 8 . I . B arham D owns . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 2 00523 . NAR : TR 2 5 SW41 . W i l son 1 967 ,2 66 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 9 . R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? 1 966 - 9f l a t g r ave s w e r e f o und d u r ing t h e l a y ing o f e l ec t r ic i ty c ab le s a l ong s ide t h e A 2 . F ew b one s s u rv ived , a nd t h e re w e re n og r ave g ood s . T he s i te l i e s o n t h e D own land p l a teau , a ta bou t 8 5m OD . T he g round s l ope s g en t ly t owa rd s t h e s ou th w e s t . 2 9 . I I . I nhuma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 1 97525 . NAR : TR 1 5S E32 . H oga r th 1 973b , 8 5 -6 ; Web s te r 1 974 , 1 79 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 2 3 . R eco rded g rave s : 2 3 . P ha se s : V I I -X . 1 973 - Hoga r th e xcava ted f o r t h e C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty a head o f r o adwo rk s . Twen ty t h ree i n huma t ion s w e re i n ve s t iga ted . A l l w e r e o r ien ta ted W -E , a nd t h e f ew g rave g ood s w e re o f7 t h t o l a te 8 t hc en tu ry d a te . O ne g r ave h ad s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu re s , a nd i tw a s t h ough tt h a t s ome o ft h e g r ave s m ay h ave o r ig ina l ly b een c ove red b yb a r row s . T he s i te i so n t h e b row o f as t eep w e s t sou th -we s t f a c ing s l ope , o ve r look ing t h e L i t t le S tou r . OD i s b e tween 7 0 -75m . 3 0 . I V . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 1 953 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? C an te rbu ry mu seum r e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : 1 990 - A g i l t -coppe r a loy e qua l -a rmed b rooch w a s f ound a t B ishop sbourne b y aM r . S ewe l l a nd d ona ted t o C an te rbu ry m u seum b y t h e l a ndowne r , M r . N eame . I th a s S ty le I a n th ropomo rph ic d eco ra t ion , a nd i ss e t w i th t wo s ma l l g a rne t s . I tw a s p robab ly m ade i nK en t i nt h e f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 6 t h c en tu ry . B ough ton A luph . 3 1 . I .I nhuma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 0 3724876 . NAR : TR 0 4 NW4 /04 NW 14 . D oug la s 1 793 , 1 2 1 , p l .xxv .2 ; P ayne 1 905 , l x v ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 84 ; Meaney 1 964 , 10 111 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om J .B rad shaw 1 /06 /96 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 719 -20 - Two s ke le ton s w e re f o und , o ne w i th as wo rd , a nd t h e o t he rw i th as pea rhead , c on ica l s h ie ld b o s sa nd p enannu la rb rooch o rb race le t . 1 903 - An A ng lo -Saxon g r ave w a s r e por ted a s h av ing b een f ound i n Mr . T a rbu t t 's c ha lk q ua r ry , o ppo s i te Wh i teh i l l . T he g r ave c on ta ined as wo rd , i r on t r ipod s t and , as pea r , a nd m any o t he ro b jec t s . 1 996 - Mr . J .B rad shaw r e po r ted t h a t o t he r g r ave s h ave b een f ound s i nce 1 903 , b u t n o t r e co rded . S pea rhead sw e re a mong s tt h e f i nd s . I tw a s a l so n o ted t h a tt wo f e a tu re s t h a t m ay b e g r ave s w e re v i s ib le i ns e c t ion b y af oo tpa th i mmed ia te ly b e low t h eq ua r ry , t ot h e SW o ft h e r oad . T he s i te e x tend s d own t h e l owe r s l ope s o f aC ha lk s pu r o ve r look ing t h e S tou r V a l ley . T he g round i s s t eep , a nd f a ce s s ou th -ea s t . T he s i te l i e s b e tween 8 0 100m OD . B ough ton -under -B lean . 3 2 . I .I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 0 559 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR ? L ew i s 1 727 , 8 5 -6 ; H a s ted 1 797 180 1 , V I I , 4 -5 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 84 ; Meaney 1 964 , 11 ; A rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 .R eco rded g rave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ?

H awke s

1 716 - As ke le ton w a s d ug u p i n ah edge " . .by t h e h i ghway s i de , o ve ra ga in s tt h e h ead o ft h e P a r sonage b a rn . . ." . T he b one s w e re t h ough t t ob e t h o se o f am an , a nd w e re a ccompan ied b y af r agmen ta ry i r on s wo rd , a nd ac o in o fA n ton inu sP iu s . T he s i te o ft h i s b u r ia l i sn o t k nown . AP a r sonage F a rm i ss i tua ted a t TR 0 47595 , b u t an o te i nt h e H awkes A rch ive g i ve s TR 0 4705860 a s a n a pp rox ima te l o ca t ion , w h ich w ou ld p l ace t h e s i te n ea r

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A ppend ix I . B ough ton C hu r ch . H oweve r , an o t eb e s ide t h i s s a y s" O r i si tB ough ton S t ree t?" . B ough ton S t ree t l i e s a l ong Wa t l ing S t r ee t , i t sc hu rch a t TR 0 5655945 . _ B o _IL IL . 3 . I .L id s ing . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 7 862 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : TQ 7 6 S E 16 . P ayne 1 893 , 1 49 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 26 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .P ha se s : ? c . 1881 - P ayne w a st o ld b y aM r . G . Webb t h a t ah uman s k e le ton h ad b een d i scove red i nL i t t le K nock Wood , L id s ing , " 3 f e e t b e low t h e s u r f a ce" . I tw a s a c compan ied b y p o t te ry v e s se l s , a nd a b ead n eck lace ,a nd P ayne t h ough ti tm o s tl i k e ly t oh ave b een o fA ng lo -Saxon d a te . T he e xa c t f i nd s po t i sn o t k nown , b u t t h e w ood land t ot h e w e s t o fL id s ing i so n t h e u ppe r p a r t o fa n o r th -ea s tf a c ing D own land s l ope . 3 4 . I . B ox ley H i l l s . I s o la t ed f i nd s . NGR : TQ 7 74590 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TQ 7 5 NE77 . E v i son 1 956 , 12 ; My r e s 1 977 ,c o rpu sn o . 3 824 ,f .6 9 ; Ma id s tone m u seum r e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? P re -1956 - A ne a r ly A ng lo -Saxon p o ta nd 3s p ea rhead s f r om B ox ley H i l l sw e r e a cqu i red b y Ma id s tone m u seum . T he e xa c tf i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . 3 5 . I I . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 759 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : N one . K e l ly 1 990 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I IV . c .1 990 - Aw o rn a nd i n comp le t e s qua r e -headed b r ooch o f c oppe r a loy w a s f ound b y W . R eeve s . H ine s p l a ced t h e b rooch i nL e igh 's S e r ie s H I , a nd s ugg e s t ed ad a t e o fm anuf a c tu re o fa r ound t h e m id 6 t hc en tu ry . I ta ppea r ed t ob e ad eg ene ra te v e r s ion o fs i lv e rb r ooche sf r om B uck land a nd H ow le t t s . 3 6 . I V . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TQ 7 659 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : N one . K e l ly 1 992 ,4 07 ,4 09 11 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I I I I? 1 992 - An umbe r o fA ng lo -Saxon f i nd s f r om B ox ley w e r e d e sc r ibed . T hey i n c luded ac a s t s a uce r b r ooch o fc oppe ra loy w a s f o und b y J .C ox . I t s d e s ign o ff o u rs p i ra l s i s su ing f r om c en t ra l s qua re a nd r o unde lw a se xecu t ed i n af l a tr e l ief . K e l ly d a t ed i tt ot h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e6 t hc en tu ry . O ne a rm o f ap a i ro fc oppe ra loy t weez e r s , d eco ra t ed w i th ap unch ed r i ng a nd d o t mo t if ,w a sd e sc r ibed a se i th e rl a t eR oman o rA ng lo -Saxon . B rabourne . 3 7 . I .B rabourne L ee s . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 0 84 1 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 0 4 S E 12 . B r en t 1 867 ,4 16 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s :2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1866 - Wh i l s t d e sc r ib ing h i s e xcava t ion s o f t h e c eme t e ry a tS t ow t ing , B r en t n o t ed t h a t " . .a t B rabou rne L ee s . . .s im i la ri n te rmen t sh ave b een f o und" . 3 8 . I . E a s tB rabourne . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 1 07420 . NAR : TR 1 4 SW20 . Meaney 1 964 , 11 ; C an te rbu ry m u seum r e co rd s ; I n f o rma t ion f r om J .B rad shaw 1 /06 /96 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry mu seum? P ha se s : I V . A ug -Sep t 1 955 - A n A ng lo -Saxon s h ie ld -bo s s w a s f o und a l ong w i th f r agmen t s o f as ku l l w hen a b unga low w a sb e ing b u i l ta tI d en 's C o rne r , E a s t B rabour n e . A cco rd ing t ot h e SMR t h e f i nd w a sm ad e u nde r t h e w e s t c o rne r o ft h e g a rag e a t TR 1 0724200 . H owev e r , a c co rd ing t oM r . J .B rad shaw , t h e o wne r s c l a im t h a t i tw a s f ound u nde rt h e l awn . T he s h ie ld -bo s s w a s d ona ted t oC an te rbu ry m u seum , a l though i th a sn o tb een p o s s ib le t ol o ca te i ta tt h et i me o fw r i t ing . E v i son d a ted i tt ot h e6 t hc en t ur y .

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A ppend ix 1 . c .1 995 - A c ro s st h e r oad t ot h e NW o ft h e p r ev iou s f i nd s , t h e A shf o rd A rchaeo log ica l G roup f o und 2 i n huma t ion s w hen an ew d r iveway w a s b e ing m ade . N e i the r h ad a ny g r ave g ood s . A no the r p o s s ib le g r av ei sv i s ib le i ns e c t ion b yt h ed r iveway . T he s i t e l i e s o nt h e l ow e rs l ope o ft h eN o r th D own s s c a rp ,j u s t a bove t h e P i lg r im s ' Way . OD i s1 20 1 25m . T he s l ope i ss t eep ,a nd f a ce ss ou th -w e s t . 3 9 . I I . P i lgr im 's Way . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : R e s t r ic t ed . NAR : n one . I n f o rma t ion f r om J .B rad shaw 1 /06 /96 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ? R eco rded g r ave s : ? L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , C an te rbu ry A r cha eo log ica lT ru s t . P ha s e s : I I -V . c .1 986 -96 - A ng lo -Saxon g r av e s h ave b een d i s tu rbed b y b adge r sj u s t b e low t h e P i lg r im s ' Way . T he A shf o rd A rcha eo log ica l G roup h ave b een c o l lec t ing a nd r e co rd ing t h e f i nd s u nea r thed b y t h e b adge r s o v e r at e ny ea rp e r iod . F ind s i n c lude ap a i ro fg a rne t se ts qua re -headed b rooche s , ad i sc b rooch w i th 4 g a rn e t s e t t ing s , ac oppe r a loy s h ie ld -on tongue b u ck le a nd p l a te , 2c a s t o va l b uck le l o op s , o ne o rt wo s h ie ld -bo s se s ,a nd s ome s p ea rhead s . T he d a tab le f i nd sa r eo ft h em id t ol a te 6 t hc en tu ry . B r id2e . I .B ourne P ark . I nhuma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 1 8605373 . NAR : P end ing . P .W i lk in son ( p e r s . c omm .) . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : V I I I IX . March t o A pr i l 2 005 - A n e xcava t ion b y t h e K en t A r chaeo log ica l F i e ld S choo l a tB ou rne P a rk ,j u s t i n s ide t h ep a r i sh o fB r idge , l o ca t ed ad i tched e nc lo su r e o fp robab le I r on A ge d a te . A round t h e o u t s ide o ft h i sw e re 1 c ha lk -cu tA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s ,t wo o fw h ich c u tt h ed i t ch f i l l . S k e le ta lp r e se rva t ion w a s v e ry p oo r . F i nd s i n c luded a bou t 6 0 s c ea t ta s f r om t h r ee g r ave s , i r on s c i s so r s , t wo c ow r ie s h e l l s , c l ay s p ind le w ho r l sa nd ag o ld p endan t . A l lo ft h eg r av e sa ppea rt od a t et ot h el a te r 7t ho r 8t h c en tu r ie s . T h i s s i te l i e s i mmed ia t e ly t ot h e s ou th -ea s t o ft h e D ove r -Can te rbu ry R oman r o ad . I tm ay w e l l b e a n e x t en s ion o ft h eB i shop sbou rne IA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry . B road s ta ir s . 4 0 . I .B rad s tow S choo l . ( Aka D ump ton P ark ; V a le t ta H ou se ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 9456709 . NAR : TR 3 6 NE 12 . H u rd a nd Sm i th 1 9 10 ; A n t iqua ry 4 7 ( 1 9 11) ,4 80 ; H u rd 1 9 13 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I I , 2 2 -3 , 1 08 , 1 32 -3 , I V , 4 9 1 , 6 99 ; N um i sma t ic C h ron ic le I ( 1 942 ) , 4 2 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 59 ; 1 956b , 2 1-2 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 11 ; S cu re l l 1 964 ; 1 970 ; Web s t e r 1 972 , 1 56 ; 1 974 , 1 79 ; 1 975 , 2 23 ; E v i son 1 979 , 7 2 , 8 1 -3 ; 1 982 , 5 3 , 5 8 -9 , 6 1 , p l . V I I Ib ; H i l l a nd Me t ca lf 1 984 , 2 47 ; P e rk in s e ta l1 987 , 4 4 -5 ; H ä rk e 1 992 ,2 52 -3 ; O 'B r ien 1 999 ; D ia ck 2 003 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 37 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 20 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B road s ta i r s P ub l ic L ib ra ry , B r i t i sh Mu seum , Ma rga te P ub l ic L ib ra ry , R oya lC o l leg eo fS u rgeon s . P ha se s : V -V I I I . F ebruary 1 910 - R emova lo ft o p so i l t o ad ep th o fa bou t 3 0cm , d u r ing t h e b u i ld ing o f an ew d r iveway t oV a le t ta H ou se , r e vea led 1 9 -2 1 g r ave s ( g rave V , r e co rded a sc on ta in ing 3b od ie s , m ay h ave b een 3 s e pa ra t e g rave s ) . Mo s t , i fn o t a l l , w e r e A ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion s , a l igned W -E o r NW -SE , b u t t wo g r ave s c on ta ined c r ouched s k e le ton s , a nd m ay h av e b een o fB ronz e A ge d a t e . T he g r ave s w e r e d ug i n to t h ec ha lk t ob e tween 4 5 -90cm d eep ,a nd v a r ied b e tween 1 . 38 -2 .75m l o ng , a nd 6 0 -90cm w ide . T he b on e sw e re g ene ra l ly v e ry d ecayed , a pa r tf r om o ne o rt wo s ku l l s , a nd i ns ome c a se sw e re a lmo s tt o ta l ly g one . H u rd d e sc r ibed t h e c on ten t s o f 6g r ave s ( g rave s I -V I ) . F i nd s f r om t h e o t he r g r ave s i n c luded a mbe ra nd g l a s sb ead s ,b uck le s , as hoe shaped s t ud ,t weez e r s ,k n ive s ,a nd s pea r s . S ummer 1 911 - Ag a rdene rn o t iced ac i r cu la rc r op -ma rk o nt h e p l ay ing f i e ld n ex tt ot h ed r iv eway . A n e x cava t ion r e vea led ap a i r o fc oncen t r ic c i r cu la r d i t che s , t h e r ema in s o f ap l oughed o u t B ronz e A g e b a r row . F ragmen t so f aB ronze A ge u rn w e r e f o und , a l ong w i th 9c r ouched i n huma t ion sw i thou tg r ave g ood s w h ich c u t i n to t h e d i t che s . T he se m ay h ave b een o fp r eh i s to r ic d a te . I na dd i t ion , t h e re w e r e 9 g r ave s t h a t w e re c e r ta in ly A ng lo -Saxon ( Hu rd 's g r ave s E , I ,L , 0 , Q -U ) . 8o ft h e se c on ta ined g r ave g ood s ,a nd g r ave Lc on ta ined 8s c ea t ta s( d a tab le t ot h ee nd o ft h e7 t hc en tu ry ) . F .G . P a r son s o ft h e R oya l C o l lege o f S u rg eon s i n spec ted t h e b one s , a nd c ommen ted t h a t t h ey h ad n a r row , l o ng s ku l l s a nd as l igh t b u i ld , a nd t h a t f a ce t s o n t h e i r s h in b one s s ugg e s ted t h a tt h ey t e nded t o s qua t .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 963 - S u rv iv ing f i nd sf r om t h e 1 9 10 11 e xcava t ion si n c luded 3b u cke t moun t s , 2s t ud s , aF rank i sh d i sc b r ooch , 7s c ea t ta s a nd a c l aw b eake r i nB road s ta i r s P ub l ic L ib ra ry , a nd a s h ie ld -bo s s a nd g r ip i n Ma rga t eP ub l ic L ib ra ry . 1 970 -4 - E xcava t ion sw e r ec a r r ied o u tb yL . Web s te ra nd V . F enw ick f o rt h e B r i t ish Mu seum . 9 6n ew g r ave sw e r ee xcava ted , a nd H u rd 's g r ave s Ka nd 0 w e r er e -excava ted ( g rave s4 9 a nd 7 3 r e spec t ive ly ) . T he B ronz eA ge b a r row d i t che sa nd t h er e s to ft h eg r ave s e xcava t ed i n1 9 11 w e r e a l so r e -expo sed , a nd t h ed i t che so f af u r the rt wo B ronz eA g eb a r row sw e r ed i scove r ed . S eve ra l o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s h ad s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu r e s ; g r ave s 1 2 a nd 7 2 h ad p enannu la r d i t che s , w h i l s t o ne g r ave h ad f o u r d eep p o s tho le s p o s i t ioned a ti t sc o rne r s . Ac l u s te ro fw eapon g r av e s l a yt o t h e e a s t o ft h e B ronze A g e b a r row . T he l a rg e s t o ft h e se h ad b een r obbed , b u t t wo o t he r s c on ta in ed s wo rd s . O ne o ft h e s wo rd g r ave s a l so c on ta ined ac oppe r a loy b ow l f i l led w i th h az e l n u t s a nd f r u i t , a nd aF rank i sh g o ld t r em i s s i s o ft h e l a t e 6 t h c en tu ry ( t he c o in w a s f o und i nt h e mou th o ft h e c o rp se ) . A no the r t r em i s s i s , o ft h e 7 t h c en tu ry , w a s f o und i n aw oman ' s g r av e . O the r f i nd s i n c luded ac l aw b eak e r , F rank i sh w hee l th rown p o t t e ry , b r ooche s , b ead s , a nd b one , i r on a nd m e ta lwo rk . T he f i nd s m o s t ly d a t ed t ot h e 7 t hc en tu ry . Ag r oup o f 8s c ea t ta s f r om B road s ta i r s , d a t ing t ob e tween c .6 85 -700 , m ay h ave c ome f r om t h i ss i t e . 6k"t o 9t h Ma y2 003 - C an te rbu ry A r cha eo log ica lT ru s tc a r r ied o u ta n e va lua t ion a tt h e s c hoo l a head o f s ome b u i ld ing w o rk . At o ta l o f 7e va lua t ion t r enche s w e r e o pened ; t r ench 7 c on ta ined t wo l i nea r f e a tu r e s ( c on t ex t s 1 3 a nd 1 6 ) . E xcava t ion r e v ea led o ne o ft h e se f e a tu re s t ob e a n i n huma t ion b u r ia l , a l though t h i s w a s n o t c omp le te ly e xcava t ed a nd n o g r ave g ood s w e r e r e cove r ed f r om i t .T he s e cond f e a t u r e w a s n o t e xcava t ed , b u t w a s a l so i n t e rp r e ted a s ap robab le g r ave . B o th w e re a l igned w e s t -ea s t a nd a r el i ke ly t ob eo f7 `h c en tu ry d a te . T he s i te i ss i tua t ed o na nU ppe rC ha lk p l a t eau , s l op ing t owa rd st h es ou th -ea s t . OD i s3 5 -45m . 4 1 . I . L inden thorpe R oad . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NOR : TR 3 9336854 . NAR : TR 3 6 NE6 . C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 12 -3 ; P e rk in s e ta l1 987 , 4 8 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om D .R . J . P e rk in s ; O .S . R eco rd s , i n f o rma t ion f r om H . H u rd . M in imum n o . o f g r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B road s ta i r s P ub l ic L ib ra ry . P ha se s : ? 1 909 - A nA ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead w a sf o und . 1 911 - Two A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e r e d i scove r ed a tt h ej unc t ion o fL inden tho rpe a nd S t an ley r o ad s . T he g r ave sc on ta ined b one sa nd k n ive s . A n A ng lo -Saxon s pea r f e r ru le , a nd p a r t o f w ha t i sp o s s ib ly as p ea rhead , a r e i n B road s ta i r s P ub l ic L ib ra ry . T he se a r ef r om L inden tho rpe R oad , a nd p r obab ly a r ef r om t h e 1 909 f i nd . T he s i te l i e sm id s lope o n ag en t le s ou th -f a c ing C ha lk s l ope , OD 4 0m . 4 2 . I I . S t .P e ter 's T ip . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . S AM K en t3 16 . NOR : TR 3 75693 . NAR : TR 3 6 NE60 . S cu r r e l l 1 970 ; W i l son 1 970 , 1 60 ; W i l son 1 97 1 , 1 2 6 ; Web s t e r 1 9 72 , 1 56 ; H oga r th 1 973a ; A ven t 1 975 ,c o rpu sn o s . 3 ,1 26 ; P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 05 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 99 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : I V IX? 1 960 - Ap owe rp y lon w a s e r ec t ed a bou t4 0m e a s t o ft h e e a s te rnmo s t o ft h e g r ave s f o und i n1 969 . 6 b u r ia l sw e r ed i scove r ed ,w h ich p robab ly w e r ep a r to ft h es ame c eme t e ry . 1 969 -71 - T he c on s t ruc t ion o f am un ic ipa l r e f u se t i p a tS t . P e t e r 's r e vea led t h e e x i s tence o f ah i the r to u n reco rded A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry . Ar e scue e xcava t ion w a sc a r r ied o u to ve r at h ree y ea rp e r iod b yt h e D epa r tmen t o fA r cha eo logy o fC ha tham H ou se G ramma r S choo l , R am sga te , u nde r t h e s upe rv i s ion o f A .C . H oga r th . At o ta l o f 3 88 i n huma t ion s w e r e e xcava ted a nd r e co rded . T he c eme te ry w a s n o tab le f o r t h e l a rg e n umbe r s o f g r ave s r e co rded a s h av ing e i the r i n teg ra l , i n ter na l o r e x t e rna l s t ruc t u ra l f e a tu re s . T he r e w a s a l so e v idence o fw id e sp r ead c on tempo ra ry g r ave r obb ing , w i th n o r i ch g r av e s u rv iv ing u n loo ted . N one the le s s , g r ave -good s i n c luded w eapon s , m any b uck le s , a nd m any F rank i sh a nd g r a s s t empe r ed p o t t e ry v e s se l s . T he c eme t e ry a ppea r s t o h ave b een i nu se f r om t h e l a te r 6t h c en tu ry ,t ot h el a te 7t h, o re a r ly 81 c en tu ry . P re -1973 - H oga r th n o te st h ee x i s t ence o f1g r ave sl y ing a bou t2 0m w e s to ft h ew e s t e rnmo s tg r ave so f t h e 1 969 -71 e xcava t ion s . T hey w e r e a l o r ien ta t ed r ough ly e a s t -we s t , a nd t h e f ew g r av e g ood s s ugg e s t ed av e ry l a te 7 t h o r 8 t h c en tu ry d a t e . H oga r th s ugge s t ed t h a t t h ey w e r e p a r t o f as e pa r a t e , C h r i s t ian , b u r ia l g round , p e rhap s t h e s u cce s so rt oS t . P e t e r 's . O ne o ft h e g r ave s w a s s u r round ed b y a p enannu la ro rc i rcu la rd i t ch .

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A ppend ix 1 . S ome u nexcava ted g raves r ema in o n f a rm land t o t h e n or th -we s t o ft h e s i te , a nd t h e se a r e s chedu led . T hey a ppea rt oc l us te ra round ap r eh is to r ic b a r row . T he s i te l a y o n as ou th -f ac ing s l ope , b e tween 3 0 a nd 4 0m O .D . , n ea r t h e t op o f al ow c ha lk s pu r . T o t h e w e s t t h e g round s l opes d own i n to an ow d ry v a l ley , w h ich m ay h ave c a r r ied w a te r i nt h e A ng lo S axon p e r iod . T he c eme tery w a s o n m idd le U ppe r C ha lk , c ove red b y at h in r e nds ina s o i l o fb e tween 1 5 -36cm d ep th . C anterbury . 4 3 . I . Mar tyr s ' F ie ld . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 1 4755705 . NAR : TR 1 5 NW48 / 15 NW416 . G o ldney 1 901 , 2 79 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 8 ; C hadw ick 1 958b ; Meaney 1 964 , 13 ; Ma id s tone Mu seum G aze t tee r . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 . R eco rded g raves : 1 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t ish Museum , C an te rbu ry? mu seum . P ha ses : I I I . 1 860 - R oman i n huma t ion sw e re f ound n ea rt h e D ane J ohn . T h is a ppa ren t ly e x tens ive R oman c eme tery l a y o u t s ide t h e c i ty w a l ls , t ot h e e a s t o ft h e C an te rbu ry -Lympne r oad . T he a r ea i sk nown a s Mar ty r 's F i e ld . I ti sp oss ib le t h a t t h e c ruc if orm b rooch e xh ib i ted t ot h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s i n 1 861 , a nd t h e s auce rb rooch i nt h e B ren tc o l lec t ion ( s ee C an te rbu ry I V b e low ) c ame f r om t h is s i te . 1 900 - An A ng lo -Saxon s t rap -end , o fp robab le l a te 5 t h -cen tury d a te , w a s f i gu red a mong s t f i nds f r om Ma r ty r s ' F ie ld . Ma r ty r s ' F i e ld l i es as hor t d i s tance t ot h e s ou th o fC an te rbu ry 's c i ty w a l ls , a nd f o rms p a r to fa n e x ten s ive R oman i n huma t ion c eme te ry . 1 942 - T he B r i t ish Mu seum a cqu i red as i lve r S cand inav ian r e l ief b rooch , s a id t oc ome f r om Ma r ty r s ' F i e ld ,t hough n oo ther d e ta i ls o fi t sd i scovery w e re k nown . P re -1958 - T he Ma id s tone mu seum g aze t tee rr e f e r s t o aS axon g rave f ound j u s t t ot h e w e s t o f Mar ty r s ' F i e ld " . .on t h e W incheap s i de o ft h e r a i lway ."

T he g rave w a s s a id t o h ave c on ta ined ap o lych rome

b ead . T he s i te i so n ag en t le n or th -wes t f a c ing s l ope , OD b e tween 1 5 -20m . 4 4 . I . S t . Mar t in 's Churchyard . C hu rchya rd . NGR : TR 1 5855777 . NAR : TR 1 5 NE80 . Num isma t ic C h ron ic le 6 ( 1844 ) , P roceed ing s , 2 7 -8 ; 7( 1845 ) , 1 87 -91 ; N ew S e r ies 9 ( 1869 ) , 1 77 -8 ; R o lf e 1 845 , 2 79 ; Anonymou s 1 844 , 2 79 ; Sm i th 1 848 , 6 3 -4 , 1 76 -8 , p l s . x x i i , l v ; Sm i th 1 860 , 3 9 -40 ; B ren t 1 871 , 1 25 ; H a igh 1 872 , 2 32 -3 ; H igg in s 1 888 , 2 07 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 41-2 ; P o t t s 1 944 ; B r i t ish N um isma t ic J ou rna l 3 rd S e r . V I I ( 1952 ) , 3 9 -51 ;

C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 8 ;

Meaney 1 964 , 13 ;

T ay lo r

1 998 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . P ha ses : V . L oca t ion o ff i nds : L iverpoo l mu seum . c .1 844 - As e t o f 6o r 7g o ld c o in s , aR oman i n tag l io , a nd aF rank ish g o ld moun t s e t w i th g a rne t s a nd g r een g l a s s , f ound i n S t . Ma r t in 's C hu rchya rd , w e re o b ta ined b y R o lf e . T he c o in s w e re f i t ted w i th s u spens ion l o ops , a nd w e re i m i ta t ion s o f Me rov ing ian a nd B yzan t ine c o in s . O ne o ft h e c o ins b ea r s t h e i n scr ip t ion L yudardus E p s , a nd m ay h ave b een s t ruck i nh onou ro ft h e F rank ish B ishop L iudha rd . 1 871- B ren tn o ted t h a t" . .ve ry r e cen t ly s ome A ng lo -Saxon s pea rheads w e re e xhumed n o t f a ro f f[ f rom S t . Ma r t in 's ] . . .and It h ink i tn o t i mp robab le t h a t [ a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry i sh e re ]" . A l though i th a s u sua l ly b een a s sumed t h a t t h is c o l lec t ion r ep resen ted o ne g rave g roup , Wa rhu r s t s ugges ted t h a t i tmay h ave c ome f r om t wo g raves , o n t h e b a s is t h a tt wo c h rono log ica l ly d i s t inc tg roup s , o ne o fc .5 80 , a nd o ne o fc .6 30 , c ou ld b e i d en t if ied . T he s i te i so nt h e l owe rp a r to f aw e s t -f ac ing s l ope ,b e tween 2 5-30m OD . 4 5 . I I . C a thedra l P rec inc t s . C hu rchya rd . NGR : TR 1 5155813 / 15125788 . NAR : TR 1 5 NE 10 1 . C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 8 ; C hadw ick 1 958b , 5 7 n . 7 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : C hap te rL ib ra ry ( Can te rbu ry ) . P ha ses : I I I I /X . 1 956 - A c oppe r a l loy s qua re -headed b rooch o f t h e 6 t h c en tury w a s f ound i n t h e p r ec inc t s o f C an te rbu ry C a thed ra l , a nd may h ave c ome f r om a b u r ia l , a l though o ccupa t iona l d epo s i t s h ave b een f ound i nt h is a r ea . 1 978 -80 - E xcava t ion s t o t h e s ou th o f S t . G ab r ie l 's C hape l r evea led f e a tures f r om t h e R oman t o Med ieva l p e r iod s .

T he se i n c luded ac ha rne l p i t , d ug i nt h e 11t h c en tury f o r t h e r ebu r ia l o fs ke le ton s .

T he p i t w a s d i s tu rbed s oon a f t e r 1 070 b y t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f L anf ranc 's c a thed ra l . c e r ta in ly c on ta ined r e -depo s i ted S axon b u r ia ls .

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T he p i t a lmo s t

A ppend ix 1 . T he r ew e r ec l ea r ly l a te S axon b u r ia l sa s soc ia ted w i th t h eC a thed ra l ,a sw ou ld b ee xpec ted . Whe the rt h e d i scove ry o f t h e 6 `1 c en tu ry b rooch i n d ica t e s t h e p r e sence o f a n e a r ly c eme te ry i n t h e c a thed ra l p r ec inc t si su nc lea r ; i tc ou ld e qua l ly h ave b een d e r ived f r om as e t t lemen td epo s i t . T he s i t e ,w i th in t h eC i ty o fC an t e rbu ry , i so nt h eb a se o ft h eS t ou rV a l ley ,b e tween 1 0 15m OD . 4 6 . I V . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 1 558 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 1 5 NW 153 / 15 NW 156 . A k e rman 1 855a , p l .x i .2 ; 1 86 1 ; L eed s 1 9 12 , 1 98 ; Wh i t ing 1 927 , 3 6 , p 1 . 1 .2 ; My r e s 1 9 37 , 4 36 , P l .XC IV .b ; B akka 1 958 , 9 ,f . 2 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 8 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 1 077 , f .2 02 ; H awke s a nd P o l la rd 1 981 ,3 62 ; H awk e sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : I I . 1 855 - Ag o ld b ra c tea te , n ow l o s t , w a s i l u s t ra ted b y A k e rman w hen i tw a s i nt h e C a thed ra l C hap t e r l i b ra ry . I tw a s p robab ly f r om t h e n e ighbou rhood o fC an t e rbu ry . I ti sa ppa ren t ly f r om t h e s ame d i e a s t h eb r a c t ea t ef r om S a r r e ,g r ave 9 0 . c .1 860 's - I n t h e B r en t C o l lec t ion i nC an t e rbu r y m u seum i s ag eome t r ic s a uce r b rooch , f o und a t C an t e rbu ry . T h i sb rooch m ay h ave c ome f r om Ma r ty r 's F i e ld . c .1 86 1- A c r uc if o rm b rooch , o fc oppe ra loy s e tw i th s i lve r , w a s f o und a tC an te rbu ry . Ad r aw ing o fi t w a se xh ib i t ed t ot h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s . T h i sb r ooch m ay a l so h ave c ome f r om Ma r ty r 's F i e ld . 1 902 - Ag i l tb ronz eb rooch ,a nd o b long g a rne t in la id b r ooch f r om C an te rbu ry w e r es o ld a tS o th eby 's . c .1 927 - Ap o t te ry v e s se l o fh a rd g r ey f a b r ic w a s p u r cha sed b y J .H . K aeh le r a nd p r e sen t ed t ot h e B eaney I n s t i tu te , C an t e rbu ry . I t s e xa c t p r ovenance w a s u n t ra ceab le , a s w a s i t s f i nde r . T hu s i ti s u nc lea rw he the ri tw a s a c tua l ly f o und i nC an te rbu ry , a l though i ta ppea r st h a tK a eh le rc on s ide r ed t h a ti t h ad b een . T he p o t h a s an a r row p ede s ta l b a se , a nd v e r t ica l g r oov ing o n i t s b ody . S im i la r e xamp le s c ame f r om We s tbe re , S ane a nd N o r th f lee t ,a nd My r e sc on s ide r st h et y pe t ob e ` Ang lo -F r is ian ' . P re -1958 - As i lve r S cand inav ian r e l ief b r ooch w a s " f ound n ea rC an te rbu ry" . T he b rooch h a s at h r ee k nobbed s em i -c i rcu la r h ead -p la te , a nd i sd eco ra t ed w i th N ydam s t y le o rnamen t . I ti so f at y pe m anuf ac tu red i ns ou th -ea s tS cand inav ia , a nd d a te st oc . AD 4 50 -80 . 4 7 . V . S tour S tree t . I n huma t ion b u r ia l . NGR : T R 1 49576 . NAR : TR 1 5 NW635 . B enne t t 1 980 ; Y oung s 1 98 1 , 1 7 1 ; J ohn s 1 9 82 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t . P ha se s : I A . 1 980 - Al a rge p i tt h a tc u tt h rough t h e l a t e s tp ha se s o f aR oman c ou r tya rd w i th in C an te rbu ry w a s f o und t oc on ta in t h e b od ie s o f 2a du l t s , 2c h i ld r en , a nd ad og . T he b od ie s a ppea rt oh ave b een p l a ced r a the r c a r e le s s ly i n to t h e p i t , b u t w e r e a c compan ied b y i t em s o fl a te R oman j ewe l le ry , a s w e l l a sg l a s s a nd a mbe rb ead s . O ne o ft h e c h i ld r en h ad b een k i l led b y ab l ow t ot h e h ead . T he b u r ia l d a te st ot h e e a r ly 5 t hc en tu ry . T he s i t e i sw i th in t h ew a l l so fC an te rbu ry ,n ea rt ot h e l i ne o ft h eD ove r -Can te rbu ry R oman r o ad . OD i s b e tween 1 0 15m . 4 8 . V I . O ld We s tga te F arm . ( Aka We s tga te C our t , S t . D un s tan 's , C ranmer Hou se ) . P o s s ib le m ixed ?b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TR 1 42583 . NAR : TR 1 5 NW 182 / 15 NW20 1 . J our na l o ft h e B r i t i sh A r cha eo log ica l A s soc ia t ion 2 5 ( 1 869 ) , 2 62 -3 ; B enne t t 1 982 ; Web s te r 1 982 ; A nd r ew s 1 985 , 1 27 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 ? R eco rded g r ave s : 3 ? L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry H e r i tag e . P ha se s : V IX . 1 868 - A f r agmen t o f a n A ng lo -Saxon c ha t e la ine w a s f o und i nt h e g a rden o f V ic to r ia P l a ce , S t . D un s tan 's . F ebruary - March 1 982 - D u r ing t h e c on s t r uc t ion o fs ome h ome s f o rt h ee l de r ly a tO ld We s tga t eC ou r t F a rm , s ou th o ft h e L ondon r o ad n ea r S t . D un s tan 's c hu r ch , aR oman c r ema t ion c eme te ry w a sr e vea led . T he C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica l T ru s t i n ve s t iga t ed , a nd n ume rou s f i nd s w e r e m ade . T he se i n c lud ed a n umbe ro fA ng lo -Saxon f i nd s , a nd a tl e a s to ne p r obab le A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l . Ag o ld p endan t s e t w i th g a rne t s a nd g o ld f i l ig ree , d a t ab le t ot h e 7 t h c en tu ry , w a s f o und i n as ha l low f e a tu re w h ich m ay h ave b een ad i s tu rbed g r ave . T h i sf e a tu r ew a sc u tb yt h eu na ccompan ied i n huma t ion o fa na du l tm a le . O the r A ng lo -Saxon f i nd s f r om t h e s i te i n c luded ap r ima ry s c ea t ( c . A .D . 6 85 -700 ) , aS e r ie s Gs c ea t( c . A .D . 7 10 -20 ) ,t wo g l a s sp a lm c up so ft h e l a te 6 t ho re a r ly 7 t hc en tu ry ,a nd as h e rd o fg r a s st empe r ed p o t t e ry .

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A ppend ix 1 . T he p a lm c up s , a l ong w i th t wo r e -u sed R oman v e s se l s , m ay h ave a ccompan ied ac r ema t ion , a nd t h e s c ea t ta sm ay h av ec ome f r om as e cond c r ema t ion . T he s i te l i e s a bou t4 50m t ot h e n o r th -we s t o fC an t e rbu ry 's c i ty w a l l , a tt h e c o rne r o f as ho r t s t r e t ch o f R oman r oad w h ich t u rn sw e s tt oj o in Wa t l ing S t r ee t . T he g r ound s l ope st owa rd st h es ou th -ea s t . OD i s b e tween 1 5 -20m . 4 9 . V I I . S t . S epu lchre 's . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TR 1 52573 . NAR : TR ? K e l ly a nd My r e s 1 973 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o .4 109 , f .2 02 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I I? 1 861 - As ma l l A ng lo -Saxon p o t t e ry v e s se l w a s a mong s t t h e f i nd s f r om J .B ren t 's e xcava t ion s o fa R om an c r ema t ion c eme t e ry a tS t . S epu lch r e 's N unne ry , C an te rbu ry . A t t h e t ime o fi t s d i scove ry t h e v e s se l w a s m i s taken ly i d en t if ied a s a n u r n o f U pchu r ch Wa r e , a nd w a s l i s t ed a s s u ch i nt h e KAS c a ta logue ( No . 5 7 ) . None o ft h eR oman p o t t e ry f r om t h es i t ew a sd a tab le t ol a te rt h an t h e2 nd c en tu ry . T he s i t e i so n t h e l owe r p a r t o f ag en t le n o r th -f a c ing s l ope , a l ong s ide t h e D ove r -Can te rbu ry R oman r o ad ,a bou t3 00m f r om o u t s ide t h ec i ty w a l l s . OD i sb e tw een 2 0 -25m . 5 0 . V I I I . B arrack s . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TR 1 65580 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : ? My r e s 1 977 ,c o rpu sn o . 1 078 ,f .2 79 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : I I I? 1 908 -9 - A n A ng lo -F r i s ian p o t w a s d i scov e r ed w hen a n e x ten s ion t ot h e b a r ra ck s w a s b u i l t . h ave b een ac r ema t ion u r n . T he b a r ra ck sa r eo u t s id eC an t e rbu ry c i ty w a l l s ,t ot h en o r th -ea s t .

I tm ay

5 1 . I X . S t .A ugu s t ine 's . C hu r chya rd . S AM K en t4 9 . NGR : TR 1 5405773 . NAR : TR 1 5 NE302 / 15 NE 124 . S aunde r s 1 978 ,3 0 ,3 9 -40 ; S he r lock a nd Wood s 1 988 , 8 1 -2 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 9 . R eco rded g r ave s : ?L oca t ion o ff i nd s : .P ha se s : V -X? 1 955 - E xcava t ion s b yA . S aunde r s a tt h ew e s te nd o fS t . A ugu s t ine 's A bbey r e vea led a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry . Many b u r ia l sw e re ' j umb led ' a s ar e su l t o fe x t en s ive r e -bu ry ing , b u t 1 9 s ku l l s , a nd p a r t s o f 1 4a r t icu la t ed s k e le ton s ,w e r ef o und . S t . A ugu s t ine 's i sl o ca ted j u s t o u t s ide C an t e rbu ry 's w a l l s , t o t h e s ou th -ea s t , a l ong s ide t h e r o ad t o R ichbo rough . OD i s1 5 -20m . 5 2 . X . S t .P ancra s ' . C hu r chya rd . NGR : TR 1 5575775 . NAR : ? Web s te r 1 976 , 1 63 -4 ,P l . 1 1 .47 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 ,2 49 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 1 ? L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I X . 1 975 - Ac h i ld 's b u r ia l w a s e x cava ted b y F .J enk in s a tS t . P anc ra s ' C hu r ch , C an te rbu ry . T he g r ave c on ta ined aS e r ie s V( t ype 7 ) s c ea t , d a tab le t oc .7 20 -25 . T he g r ave l a y n ea r t h e s ou th w a l l o ft h e c hu r ch ,u nde ra na dded p o r t icu s . S t .P an c ra s ' c hu r ch i ss i tua t ed w i th in t h eS t . A ugu s t ine 's c omp lex ,t ot h ee a s to ft h eA bbey i t s e lf . 5 3 . X I . C hurch L ane . D oub tf u lc hu r chya rd . NGR : TR 1 507582 1 . NAR : TR 1 5 NE316 . F r e r ee t .a l . 1 982 ,7 7 105 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 5 . R eco rded g r ave s : 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : X ? 1 977 - E xcava t ion sw e r ec a r r ied o u ta tt h ej unc t ion o fC hu r ch L ane a nd S t . R ad igund 's S t r ee t , a head o f t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f ap ub l ic g a rden . S ev e ra lm id -t ol a te S axon p i t s w e r e f ound c u t i n to t h er ampa r to f t h e R oman c i ty w a l l s . T he se p i t s w e r e c u t b y as equence o f l a te S axon o r e a r ly N o rman s t r ee t m e ta l l ing . S ome o ft h em e ta l l ing w a s i nt u rn c u tb y 5c off ined i n huma t ion s , w h ich w e re t h u sp robab ly o fl a te S axon o re a r ly N o rman d a t e . T hey m ay h av eb een a s soc ia ted w i th t h ec hu rch o fS t . Ma ry -upon N o r thga te . T he s i te l i e sj u s t w i th in C an t e rbu r y c i ty w a l l s , n ea r t h e N o r thga te , a nd a l ong s ide t h e R oman r o ad t o R ecu lve ra nd T hane t . OD i sb e tween 5 10m . C har ine . 5 4 . I .B i shop 's P a lace . D oub tf u li n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e .

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A ppend ix 1 . NGR : TQ 9 5454935 . NAR : ? P ayne 1 896 ,2 32 ; H awke sA r ch iv e ; P .W inga r( p e r s . C omm . ) . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s :2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? c .1 864 - B u r ia l s w e re s a id t oh ave b een f o und i nt h e f i e ld n ex t t ot h e B i shop 's P a la ce a tC ha r ing . S wo rd s , b ead s , p o t s a nd c o in sw e r e f o und w i th t h em . T he o r ig ina l r e f e r ence t ot h i s f i nd w a s i n an ow l o s td ocumen t b e tween aM r . H a r r i s ( c le rk ) a nd M r . N o rwood ( s o l ic i to r ) . P ayne r e ce ived i n f o rma t ion a bou tt h ed i scove ry f r om aM r . H ogg o fG r ea tB uck land F a rm ,L udde sdown . T he e xa c t s i te i su nce r ta in . H oweve r t h e m eadow i mmed ia t e ly s ou th o ft h e B i shop 's P a la ce , n ow k nown a s ' C lewa rd s ' , w a s r e co rded o n aT i the Map o f 1 840 a s ' Swo rd C lo se ' , p e rhap s i mp ly ing d i scove r ie s o fA ng lo -Saxon g r av e s b y t h a t d a te . T h i s w ou ld p l ace t h e s i te o n as ou th -f ac ing s l ope a t a r ound 1 00m OD . C har tS u t ton . 5 . I .I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 8 05494 . NAR : TQ 8 4 NW2 1 . E v i son 1 956 , 12 ; Ma id s tone m u seum r e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? P re 1956 - E v i son l i s t s ap o tf r om t h i ss i t ea sb e ing i n Ma id s tone m u seum . T he NGR g i ven p l a ce st h ef i nd s po tm id -way d own ag en t le s ou th sou th -w e s tf a c ing s l ope ,a t1 0 5m OD . C har tham . 5 6 . I . C har tham D own ( aka K env i l le D own , S wad l ing D own , D ane s B ank s ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TR 1 0975426 . NAR : TR 1 5 SW3 / 15 SW25 . S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s M inu te s B ook I( 1 730 ) , 2 55 , e n t ry 2 84 ; D oug la s 1 793 , 2 0 1 , 7 2 -3 , 8 4 -5 , 9 9 10 ; W r igh t 1 845 ,2 05 -6 ; A ke rman 1 847 , 1 38 ,p l .xv i .11 ; 1 855a ,2 5 ,p l .x i .3 ; A nonymou s 1 847 , 1 59 ; F au se t t 1 856 , 1 62 -76 ; D e B aye 1 893 , 6 6 , p l .x .4 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 69 -70 ; B rown 1 915 , I V , 7 28 -30 ; L eed s 1 936 , 1 07 , p l .xx ixa ; J e s sup 1 950 , 1 00 1 , p l .v i i ; Meaney 1 964 , 14 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 62 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 8 0 . R eco rd ed g r av e s : 5 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L ive rpoo l m u seum . P ha se s : V IX? 1 729 - Wo rkmen d i scove r ed ah uman s k e le ton w h i l s t d i gg ing i n to ab ank i no r de rt ow iden ar o ad o n C ha r tham D own . T he s k e le ton l a y i n ag r ave c u t i n to t h ec ha lk b ed rock . J une 1 730 - C ha r le s F agg , o n w ho se e s ta t e t h e p r ev iou s d i scove ry h ad b een m ade , o pened s ome b a r row s o n t h e D own . A n a c coun t o ft h e e x cava t ion w a s m ade b y aD r . C . Mo r t ime r , a nd t h e y oung B ryan F au s se t t ( a ged a bou t t e n y ea r s ) w a s p r e sen t . Mo r t ime r s a id t h a t a bou t 1 00 b a r row s w e r e t h en v i s ib le , b u t F au s se t t d i d n o t t h ink t h a t t h e r e w e r e m o r e t h an 8 0 . F agg d ug a bou t 2 6 b a r row s , a nd Mo r t ime r r e co rded t h e c on t en t s o f 6( g rave s A -F ) i n d iv idua l ly . O ft h e r ema inde r , h e s a id t h a t a l c on ta in ed a s i ng le s k e le ton l y ing W -E . F i nd s f r om t h e se g r ave s i n c luded b uck le s , p i n s , b ead s , s p ea rhead s ,s h ie ld -bo s se s ,k n iv e s ,a nd ap a i ro fs h ea r s . A pr i l 1 3 th , 1 764 - F au s se t t e xcava t ed 4 g r ave s ( n umbe r ed 5 0 -53 , s i nce t h e n o te s w e re m i s la id b y F au s se t tf o rm any y ea r s ) . O c tober 1 773 - F au s se t t e xcava t ed 4 9 g r av e s ( 1 -49 ) , w h ich a moun t ed t o m o s t o f t h e u nd i s tu rbed b a r row sr ema in ing . P re -1856 - A l lo ft h eb a r row sh ad b een c omp le t e ly p l oughed a way . O ft h e 5 9r e co rded g r ave s , 2 9 d ef in i t e ly c on ta in ed g r ave g ood s , w h i l s t a no the rt h r ee c on ta ined p o t t e ry v e s se l s t h a t m ay h ave c ome f r om d i s tu rbed R oman c r ema t ion b u r ia l s . O ft h o se w i th g r ave g ood s , 1 4 c on ta in ed o n ly ab uck le a nd /o rk n if e . G rave 3 9 , t h a to f ac h i ld , w a st h e o n ly r e co rded g r ave t oc on ta in aw eapon ( as ma l l s p ea rhead ) . N o tab le f i nd s f r om t h e o t h e rg r ave s i n c luded ac ompo s i te d i sc b r ooch , g l a s sv e s se l s , g o ld a nd a me thy s td r op p endan t s , a nd a me thy s tb ead s . N one o ft h e f i nd s n eed b e e a r l ie r t h an t h e7 t hc en tu ry . T he c eme t e ry l a y o n t h e t o p a nd u ppe r s l ope o f as pu r o ft h e N o r th D own s , o ve r look ing t h e S t ou r v a l ley . T he s pu r f a ce s w e s t , a nd t h e g r ound s l ope s a way t ot h e s ou th , w e s t a nd n or th . T he s i t e l a y b e tween t h e6 0 a nd 7 0m c on tou r s . 5 7 . I . H or ton . I n huma t ion c em e t e ry . NGR : TR 14552 / 117550 . NAR : N one . K e l ly 1 987 ,3 54 ,f .7 . 4 ,3 59 ; S pa r ey -G r een 2 003 ; A nonymou s2 004a ,3 69 -70 .

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A ppend ix 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 6 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : I -V . 1 987 - A c oppe r a l loy c r uc if o rm b rooch w a s f o und b y D . P e r ro t t a tH o r ton ( TR 14552 ) . K e l ly s ugg e s ted t h a tt h eb rooch w a sp robab ly al a t ev a r ian to fÄ be rg 's g roup I ,d a tab le t ot h e l a t e 5 t ho rv e ry e a r ly 6 t hc en tu r ie s . May t oJ u ly 2 001 - Aw a tch ing b r ief b yt h eC an te rbu ry A r chaeo log ica l T ru s to n aw a t e rm a in b e tween TR 16553 a nd 17550 r e v ea led a nA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry . S i x i n huma t ion sw e r e i d en t if ied ,o fw h ich 3( g rave s 1 3 )w e r ee xcava t ed . G rave 1c on ta ined a na du l tw i th s h ie ld , s pea r ,k n if ea nd b uck le , g r ave 2 c on ta ined aj uven i le w i th n og r ave g ood s a nd g r ave 3c on t a ined aj uven i le w i th a mbe ra nd g l a s sb ead s , p l u so t he ro b jec t s . G rave 2w a s e nc lo sed b y ap enannu la rd i t ch . G rave s 1a nd 3p robab ly d a t ed t ot h e 66'o re a r ly 7 `h c en tu r ie s . T he c eme te ry l i e s a bou t 2 00m e a s t o f t h e s i t e o f H o r ton C hape l , o n an o r th -we s t f a c ing s l ope o v e r look ing t h eS t ou r , b e tw een a bou t2 5 -30m OD . T he c r uc if o rm b rooch w a s f o und o nt h eb a se o ft h e S t ou rV a l ley ,a t OD 5 m . C ha tham . 5 8 . I .C ha tham L ine s . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TQ 7 6156835 . NAR : TR 7 6 NE8 /76 NE8 1 . D oug la s 1 793 , 3 19 , 2 3 -4 , 2 9 -34 , 5 3 -66 , 7 4 , 7 7 , 7 9 -80 , 8 2 -3 , 9 2 -3 ; A k e rman 1 855a , 6 7 -8 , p l .xxx i i i ; D e B aye 1 893 , 6 7 , p l .X .7 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 75 -76 ; L eed s 1 9 12 , 1 98 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 38 -40 ; L eed s 1 9 36 , 16 , p l .XXX I I .7 ; J e s sup 1 950 , 9 7 -8 ; Meaney 1 964 , 14 -5 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 7 2 , 1 05 ; E v i son 1 979 , 7 5 ,f . 20e ; H awk e s 1 990 , 1 3 14 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 8 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : A shmo lean mu seum . P ha se s : I ? -V . 1 756 - T he c on s t ruc t ion o fm i l i ta ry d ef ence s a tC ha tham r e vea led A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s , b u tn or e co rd s o ft h ed i scove r ie sw e re m ade . 1 779 - S o ld ie r s r e pa i r ing t h e t r ench l i ne s d i s tu rbed m o r e g r ave s , a nd f o und s pea rhead s , s h ie ld -bo s se s , a nd o t he ro b jec t s . C ap ta in J ame s D oug la s o b ta ined p e rm i s s ion f r om t h e a u tho r i t ie s t od i g o n t h e s i te . H ee xcava ted an umbe ro fg r ave s , i n c lud ing t h o se w h ich h e l a t e rp ub l i shed a s' t umu l i ' I I 1 ,a nd X I I . 1 780 - D oug la se xcava ted m o r eg r ave s , i n c lud ing ' t umu l i ' XV I -XV I I I . A ugu s t1 782 - D oug la se xcava t ed f u r the rb u r ia l s , i n c lud ing h i s ' t umu l i ' I Va nd I X -X I . I nt o ta l t h e c on t en t s o f 1 9 g r ave s f r om t h i s s i t e a r e i n d iv idua l ly r e co rded ( I IV , V I , I X -X I I , XV I -XX , a nd A -E ) . At o ta lo fa bou t8 6w e r e e xcava t ed b yD oug la s b yt h i s d a te , b u tn o d e ta i led r e co rd so ft h e se s u rv ive . T he g r ave s r a nge i nd a te f r om a tl e a s t t h e e a r ly Oh c en tu ry t ot h e e a r ly 7t h,a nd s ome R oman a nd 5t h c en tu ry o b jec t s a r e p r e sen t . G rave XV I I a ppea r s t oh ave b een c u t b y g r ave XV I I I , w h ich d a t e s t ot h e e a r ly 66 1; t h u s XV I I a tl e a s tm ay h ave b een o f 5t h c en tu ry d a te . G rave I ,w h ich d a te s t oK en t i sh p ha se I ,c on ta ined ac o in o fA n th em iu s( AD 4 67 -72 ) . T he s i te o ft h ec eme te ry i sn ow i n s ide F o r t Amhe r s t ,a nd t h ew ho le a r ea i sh eav i ly d i s tu rbed b ym i l i ta ry w o rk s . D oug la s d e sc r ibed t h e b a r row s a sb e ing " . . .on t h e w e s te rn s l ope o ft h e s t eep h i l l , w h ich f a ce s t h et own o fR och e s te r , a nd w h ich d e scend s t ot h e b a r ra ck g a te . . ." . T he u nde r ly ing g eo logy i sC ha lk , a nd t h e OD i s 5-60m . 5 9 . I . S tar I nn . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 60675 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? P ayne 1 893 , 8 6 ; H awke sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : I A? P re -1893 - A 4656 c en tu ry g o ld r i ng w a sf o und i nf i e ld sb eh ind t h e S t a rI n n . T he e xa c tf i nd spo th a sn o tb een i d en t if i ed . C h i s le t . 6 0 . I .G rove F erry ( Aka U p s tree t ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TR 2 35635 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : TR 2 6 SW 12 . C ope land a nd P ayne 1 893 -5 ; C ope land 1 895 -7 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; Sm i th 1 923 , 5 9 -60 ; C hadw ick 1 9 58a ,6 7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 22 ; E v i son 1 979 ,7 4 ,f . 10d . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 . R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , C an t e rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : V -V I I I? 1 894 - L t . -Co lone l C ope land e xh ib i t ed an umbe r o fo b jec t s , ' f rom aS axon g r ave ' , f ound s ome y ea r s p r ev iou s ly n ea r G rove F e r ry . T hey i n c luded a s i lv e r in la id s wo rd p omme l , 2s h ie ld -bo s se s , a nd a F r ank i sh p o t te ry b o t t le .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 896 - C ope land e xh ib i ted ak i dney shaped b ronz ew e igh t , f o und n ea rG rove F e r ry . T he e xa c tl o ca t ion o ft h i ss i te i sn o tk nown . 6 1 . I . I s o la t ed f i nd s . NGR : TR 2 2306425 . NAR : TR 2 6 SW2 . C hadw ick 1 958a ,6 7 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : ? F ebruary 1 949 - A nA ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead , f r agmen t so ft wo k n ive s , a nd ap i nw e r e f o und b yM r . P . Ma le , t h e S ex ton , w h i l s t d i gg ing ag r ave i nt h e NW c or n e r o ft h e n ew c hu r chya rd . T he f i nd s , w h i ch w e r e i n ap oo r c ond i t ion , w e re e xh ib i ted f o r aw h i le i nt h e p a r i sh c hu r ch , b ef o re e ven tua l ly b e ing p a s sed t oC an te rbu ry mu seum . T he f i nd s po ti so nt h eu ppe rp a r to f ag en t le e a s t -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 1 5 -20m OD . C l if f e . 6 2 . I .( Aka C l if f e -a t -Hoo ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 7 34747 . NAR : TQ 7 7 SW6 . S m i th 1 880 ,5 62 ; Sm i th 1 908a ,3 77 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V ,6 29 ; J e s sup 1 942 , 1 5 ; Meaney 1 964 , 15 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rd ed g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : 1 880 - T he c on s t ruc t ion o f ar a i lway d i s tu rbed a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry n ea rt h e R ec to ry a tC l if f e -a t H oo . T he r e w a s n o s y s tema t ic e xcava t ion o r r e co rd ing o ft h e s i t e . As p ea rhead , c oppe r a loy b e l t f i t t ing s , ac i r cu la rp i ece o fc oppe ra loy ,a nd t wo R oman c o in s( o fN e ro a nd Max im ian )w e r ea qu i r ed b y W i l l iam Wood ,o f We s tC ou r t . H oweve r , h es t a ted t h a t aq uan t i ty o fb one sw e r ec a r ted a way , p robab ly a l ong w i th o t he rf i nd s . J e s sup s a id t h a tt h ec eme t e ry d a t ed t ot h ee a r ly 6 t h . T he s i t e l a y o n t h e u ppe r p a r t o f al ow s pu r . T he g r ound s l ope s g en t ly t o t h e n o r th -we s t . OD i s b e tw een 1 5 -20m . C rayf ord . 6 3 . I .N ew R iver . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5 20751 . NAR : ? S pu r r e l l 1 889 , 3 07 , 3 16 -7 ; H ogg 1 94 1 ,2 6 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 6 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . P ha se s : ? 1 889 - F i nd s f r om A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s a tC rayf o rd w e r e s a id t ob e i nt h e p o s se s s ion o fM r . H . W . S m i th o fB e lvede re . S ome o ft h e g r ave s w e r e i nt h e " . .f i e ld s a bove t h e l e f t b ank o ft h e N ew R ive r , n or th o ft h e [ Wa t l ing S t r ee t ] b r idge . . ." , o t he r sw e r e i nS wan L ane . F i nd sw e r e s a id t oi n c lude ac oppe r a loy " bu t ton " , a nd " . .b ra s s a nd b ronz e s pu r s , b uck le s , b i t s a nd c u rb c ha in s ." I tw a s n o t c l ea r w h ich f i nd sw e re f r om t h eN ew R ive rs i t e , a nd w h ich w e r ef r om t h e S wan L ane s i t e( s ee b e low ) . T he s i te i so na ne a s t -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tween l 5 20m OD . 6 4 . I . S wan L ane . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5 17745 . NAR : ? S pu r r e l l 1 889 , 3 07 , 3 16 -7 ; H ogg 1 94 1 ,2 6 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 6 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . P ha se s : ? 1 889 - S ee C rayf o rd Ia bove . T he s i t ei sa tt h eb a se o f an o r th -we s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 1 0 15m OD . 6 5 . I I . D over R oad . ( Aka H igh R oad? ) . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 5 151747 1 . NAR : TQ 5 7 SW2 . A r cha eo log ica lR ev iew 2( 1 888 -9 ) ,5 1 -2 ; S pu r re l l 1 889 ,3 07 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s :2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? J une 1 888 - Wo rkmen l a y ing w a t e r p i pe s i n ap ea t -bed , 1 . 22m b e low t h e s u rf ace o f D ove r R oad , C rayf o rd , d i scove red " . . .con s ide rab le q uan t i t ie s o fh uman b one s a nd b one s o fh o r se s , s e ve ra l b u ck l e s a nd s ome p i n s , s ome s pu r s , ah o r se 's b i ta nd c u rb c ha in , a nd f i ve b o s se so r or namen t s . . ." . I ti sp o s s ib le t h e se r ema in sw e r eA ng lo -Saxon . T h i ss i t em ay e qua t ew i th S pu r r e l l 's ' s i t eN o .17 ' , l i s t ed a s" . . .co in s , m i sce l laneou s o b jec t s , H igh R oad , C rayf o rd . R oman , T eu ton ic a nd c .. . " . T he NGR g i ven p l a ce s t h e s i t e o n t h e b o t tom o ft h e C ray v a l ley ,b e tween t h e 1 0 15m c on tou r s .

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A ppend ix 1 . C runda le . 6 6 . I .T remwor th D own . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 0 7454880 . NAR : TR 0 4 NE3 . F au s se t t 1 856 , 1 77 -98 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 67 -8 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 30 -3 ; Sm i th 1 923 , 5 9 ; Meaney 1 964 , 16 ; H oga r th 1 973 , 16 ; I n f o rma t ion M r .J .B rad shaw 1 /06 /96 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 3 ( i nhuma t ion s ) . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 3 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum ,L ive rpoo l mu seum . P ha se s : ? 1 703 - Aw a lke rf o und as ku l l i nt h e s i de o f ah o l low w ay o n T remwo r th D own . D igg ing r e v ea led a n e x t ended i n huma t ion a ccompan ied b y aR oman p o t( g rave A ) . T he R ec to ro fC runda le , R .F o r s te r , l a t e r i n ve s t iga ted t h es i t e , a nd f o und n ea rby t h e g r ave o f ac h i ld w i th as ma l lr e d p o t( g rave B ) . T he E a r l o f W inche l sea d ug a tt h es i t e l a te ri nt h ey ea r , a nd d i scove r ed t h e i n huma t ion so ft wo a du l t sa nd o ne c h i ld , " . . ly ing s i de b ys i de . . ." ( g rave sC -E ) . T he se c on ta ined n o f i nd s ,b u t af o u r th g r ave ( g rave F ) , f ound t h e s ame e ven ing ,c on ta ined aR oman p o t te ry b o t t le a l ong s ide a na du l ti n huma t ion . O c tober 1 713 - T he E a r l o f W inche l sea e xcava t ed a g r ave ( g rave G ) , c u t i n to t h e c ha lk , w h ich c on ta ined 3p o t te ry v e s se l s . 1 757 a nd 1 759 - I nf ou r d ay s b e tween J une 1 757 a nd A p r i l 1 759 , B ryan F au s se t t s upe rv i sed h i s f i r s t a r cha eo log ica l e xcava t ion s . E l even R oman c r ema t ion s w e r e f o und ( g rave s 1 7 , 9 10 , 1 2 , 2 1) , a sw e l l a sf i f t een i n huma t ion s , a tl e a s t s ome o fw h ich w e r e A ng lo -Saxon . I n a dd i t ion , o ne g r av e ( g rav e 8 ) , p r ev iou s ly e x cava t ed b y L o rd W inche l sea , w a s f o und . T h i s c on ta ined ac o l lec t ion o fb one s p robab ly d umped t h e r e a f t e rW inche l sea 's d i g . Mo s to ft h e i n huma t ion s a ppea rt oh ave l a in c l o se t ot h e h o l low w ay w he re t h ei n i t ia ld i scov e r ie sw e re m ade . P re 1973 - J .B rad shaw e xcava ted a tt h es i t e ,a nd d i scove r ed a ni n huma t ion w i thou tg r ave g ood s( g rav e 2 8 ) , w h ich h e t h ough t t o b e S axon . A d ja cen t w a s a n e mp ty g r ave ( g rave # 1) , p robab ly o ne o f F au s se t t 's g r ave s . T h i s s ub r ec tangu la r g r ave h ad al e dge a tt h e h ead e nd , s im i la r t ot h o se f o und i n s ome A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s i nn o r th -ea s t K en t , a nd s t r eng th en ing t h e l i k e l ihood t h a t t h i s w a s aS axon g r ave . T h e 2 3 i n huma t ion g r ave s r e co rded f r om t h i s s i t e c on ta ined 2 5 b od ie s . O f t h e 1 5 g r ave s w h ich c on ta ined g r ave g ood s , 9c on ta ined o n ly p o t t e ry v e s se l s , a lmo s t a l o f t h e se b e ing R oman v e s se l s . G rav e 1 8 , ad oub le g r ave c on ta in ing b ead s , ap i n , ak n if ea nd ab uck le , a nd g r ave 2 4 ,w h ich c on ta ined a p o t , aR oman c o in , ac ha t e la ine , 2 0 -30 a mbe r b ead s , a nd ab ox , w e r e c l ea r ly A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . T ho se c on ta in ing o n ly R oman p o t te ry h ave b een t h ough t t ob e p r obab ly R oman , w h i l s tt h e d a te o ft h e o t he rg r ave sh a sb een c on s ide red u nce r ta in . H oweve r ,t h e r e i sac on s i s tency o fo ve ra l l b u r ia lr i t ea tt h i s c eme t e ry ; a l lg r ave s a ppea rt oh ave b een a l igned NE -S W , m any h ad l a rg e f l i n t s i nt h e i rf i l l , a nd s e ve ra l h ad c off in s . G rave 2 4 , w h i l s t c l ea r ly A ng lo -Saxon , a l so c on ta ined ap o t te ry v e s se l , o fg l obu la r s h ape , w h ich w a s p robab ly R oman . T hu s i ts e em s l i k e ly t h a t a l t h e i n huma t ion s o n t h i s s i te w e r e A ng lo S axon , a nd t h a tt h e R oman p o t s i nt h e g r av e s h ad b een t a ken f r om d i s tu rbed R oman c r ema t ion s . T he a mbe r b ead s i ng r ave 2 4 a r e p e rhap s s ugg e s t ive o f a6 t h c en tu ry d a te f o r t h a t b u r ia l , b u t t h e g ene ra l s c a r c i ty o fA ng lo -Saxon o b jec t s i nt h e se g r av e sm igh ts ugg e s t ad a te o ft h e7 t hc en tu ry o rl a t e rf o rm o s t o ft h e se g rav e s . A l t e rna t iv e ly , i ti sp o s s ib le t h a tt h e se b u r ia l s a r e am ix tu r e o fl a te R oman a nd 5 t h t o 6 t hc en tu ry S axon g r ave s . T h e o b jec t s f ound o n C runda le D ow n s i nt h e 1 9 th c en tu ry ( s ee C runda le I b e low ) h ave u sua l ly b een e r roneou s ly a t t r ibu ted t ot h i ss i te . A dd i t iona l ly ,t h el o ca t ion o ft h i ss i de h a sb een i n accu ra t e ly r e co rded . T r emwo r th D own i sn o r th -f a c ing s pu r o f t h e N o r th D own s , o ve r look ing t h e S t ou r V a l ley . T he c eme t e ry l i e s o n t h e u ppe r p a r t o ft h e D own , o n as t eep w e s t -f a c ing s l ope , b e tween 1 00 120m . T he b ed rock i sC ha lk . 6 7 . I . C runda le D own s . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 0 85485 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : T R0 4 NE3 . P ayne 1 89 1-3 , 3 14 -5 ; P ayne 1 895 , l i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 86 , f . 15 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I , p 1 .73 .1 ; A be rg 1 926 , f . 222 ; K end r ick 1 938 , 8 6 , 1 00 -2 ; H a se lof f1 9 58 , 8 1 ; D unn ing a nd E v i son 1 96 1 , 1 48 , 1 50 ; Meaney 1 964 , 16 ; A ven ta nd L e igh 1 977 ,2 0 ; B r i t i sh Mu seum r e co rd s ; H awke sA rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ? R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , C an t e rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : I ? -V I? A ugu s t 2 nd 1 861 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave w a s e xcava t ed o n C runda le D own . I tc on ta ined as wo rd w i th d eco ra t ed p omme l , a nd 2 b uck le s . T he se f i nd s , a l ong w i th t h o se n o t ed b e low , f o rmed p a r t o f H en ry D u rden 's c o l lec t ion ,w h ich w a sl a t e rb equea thed t ot h eB r i t i sh Mu seum . O c tober 4 th 1 862 - Ag r av ew a sd ug o n Wy eo rC runda le D own . T he B r i t i sh Mu seum h o ld s 1 5b ead s , s i lve rr i ng s , ap i n ,a nd t wo p endan t s ,o ne o fg o ld a nd o ne o fs i lve r ,f r om t h i sg r ave .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 895 - P ayne p r epa r ed a c a ta logu e o f D u rd en 's c o l lec t ion , a nd l i s ted o t he r f i nd s a s c om ing f r om C runda le , i n c lud ing 8 b rooche s , m o r e b ead s , p o t t e ry v e s se l s , a nd p a r t o f ag l a s s v e s se l . H ow ev e r , D u rden 's n o t e s w e re c onf u sed , a nd s ome o ft h e se f i nd s p robab ly c ame f r om S ane , m o s t n o tab ly t h e s i lve rq uo i tb rooch w i th o r namen ta ld ov e s . H awke s n o te s t h a t C an t e rbu ry m u seum h a s as ma l l s qua re -headed b rooch , a nd a n o b long S t y le Ib e l t p l a t ef r om C runda le ,b o th o fw h ich a r ed a tab le t ot h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . T hey w e r e ag if tf r om G .N oye s . T he e xa c t f i nd s po t o r s po t s a r e n o t k nown . C runda le D own s c on s i s t s o f an o r th sou th r unn ing D own land r i dg e ,w h ich a ti t sh i ghe s te xceed s 1 50m OD . T hey l i et ot h e e a s to fT remwo r th D own . T he s t eep w e s te rn s l ope o ft h e D own s i st h em o s t l i ke ly l o ca t ion f o rt h e s i te o rs i te s f r om w h ich t h e se f i nd s c ame . C ux ton . 6 8 . I .( Aka S trood I ) . M ix ed c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 7 2006735 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW43 /TQ 7 6 NW323 . S m i th 1 859 , x l i ; Sm i th 1 86 1 , 1 29 -37 , p l .x i ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 77 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 38 ; B r i t i sh A r cha eo logy 4 4 ; MoLAS r e co rd s ; A r cha eo log ica lD a ta S e rv ice . M in imum n o . o f g r ave s : 3 7 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 7 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , CTRL a r ch ive s . P ha se s : I V -V I . 1 859 - A nA ng lo -Saxon w eapon b u r ia lw a sd i scov e r ed d u r ing t h ec u t t ing o ft h er a i lway b e tw een S t rood a nd C ux ton . T he f i nd s i n c lud ed as p ea ra nd s h ie ld , a nd aF rank i sh p o t t e ry b o t t le . T h i sm ak e s ad a te i n t h el a te 6 t ho rf i r s th a lf o ft h e7 t hm o s tl i k e ly f o rt h i sg r ave . 869t h J u ly 1 997 - T he Mu seum o fL ondon A r cha eo logy S e rv ice ( MoLAS ) u nde r took f i e ldwo rk a head o ft h ec on s t ruc t ion o ft h eC hanne lT unne l R a i l L ink ( CTRL ) . S even p o s s ib le A ng lo -Saxon g r ave sw e r e i d en t if ied ,o fw h ich f o u rw e re s u r rounded b yr i ng o rp enannu la rd i t che s . J u ly -Augu s t 1 998 - A t o ta l o f 3 6 b u r ia l s w e r e e x cava ted b y MoLAS ,p re sumab ly i n c lud ing t h o se b u r ia l s i d en t if i ed i n1 997 . Two c r ema t ion sw e r e l o ca ted a s soc ia t ed w i th i n huma t ion s . F i nd s d a ted t h e b u r ia l s t o c i rca 50 -650 , a nd i n c luded a F r ank i sh p o t t e ry b o t t le , s h ie ld b o s se s , s p ea r s , b uck le s , c ha t e la ine s , b rooche s , g l a s sb ead sa nd t wo p u r se sc on ta in ing t wo c o in s . S ome o ft h e i n huma t ion sw e r e s u r rounded b yd epo s i t so fc ha r coa la nd a s hw h ich a ppea r ed t oh ave b een p l a ced i n s ide c off in s t ruc t u r e s . T he s i te l i e so n af a i r ly l e v e lt e r ra ce w i th ag en t le e a s t -f a c ing s l ope , o nt h ew e s ter ns i de o ft h e Medway v a l ley . OD i s5 m . D aren th . 6 9 . I .D aren th P ark . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . S AM K en t3 80 . NGR : TQ 5 6537294 . NAR : TQ 5 7 S E29 / 57 S E 103 . B rock 1 884 ; W i l son 1 956 , 1 87 -9 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 16 ; Wa l sh 1 980 ,3 05 -20 ; Y oung sa nd C la rk 1 982 , 1 88 ; B a t che lo r 1 990 ,3 5 -72 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 5 -6 ; H ine s 1 997 ,2 7 -30 ; D a r tf o rd m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , D a r tf o rd m u seum . P ha se s : I IV . 1 88 1- E .C . Y ouen s f o und as h ie ld -bo s s a nd s p ea rhead i n ad r a in t r ench , a t ad ep th o fa bou t 1 . 22m ( g rave 1 ) . T he s i te w a s s a id t ob e " on t h e D own s n ea r t h e Me t ropo l i tan D i s t r ic t A sy lum" ( n ow t h e D a r en th P a rk H o sp i ta l ) . T he f i nd sw e r ep r e sen t ed t oD a r tf o rd m u seum ( r eg i s te rn o s . 1 908 14 a nd 1 5 ) . 1 928 - Ag a s -ma in w a s l a id a l ong t h e e a s t s i de o fG o r e R oad . A t as po t " immed ia te ly n o r th o ft h e h o sp i ta lg a tehou se . . .nea rt ot h eh o sp i ta lw a l l" , i ti ss a id t h a th uman b one sw e r ef o und . c .1 940 's - Wa r t ime p l ough ing i ss a id t oh ave d i s tu rbed " . .a s ku l l a nd s ome th ing t h a t w a s c u t i n to . ." . T h i sw a sp o s s ib ly i nt h ef i e ld a d jacen tt ot h eh o sp i ta l . J une 1 954 - Ag r ave ( g rave 2 ) w a s d i scove r ed d u r ing t h e l a y ing o ft e lephone c ab le s i nt h e h o sp i ta l g r ound s . T he f i nd s , af r agmen t o f ag r ea ts qua re -head ed b rooch , a nd af r agmen t o f aF rank i sh b o s sed r im b ow l ,w e r ep l aced i nt h eB r i t i sh Mu seum . T he e xac ts i t eo ft h eg r ave i sn o tk nown . 1 970 - L oca l h ea r say s a y s t h a t w hen t h e h o sp i t a l g a t ehou se w a s d emo l i shed , h uman r ema in s w e r e f o und . 1 972 -3 - L t . C o l . G .W . Mea t e s a nd J .R i t son , t h e a s s i s tan t c u ra to r o fD a r tf o rd mu seum , c a r r ied o u t e xcava t ion s a l ong b o th s i de s o fG o re R oad , i na dvance o f ap ro jec ted r o ad w iden ing s c h eme . O ne b u r ia l( g rave 3 )w a sf ound . March 1 978 - T he D a r tf o rd D i s t r ic t A r cha eo log ica l G roup c a r r ied o u t a n e xcava t ion a head o f a p l ann ing a pp l ica t ion b y ac emen t c ompany . Two g r ave s , g r ave s 4a nd 5 ,w e r e f ound a nd e x cava ted , a l ong w i th s ome o t he rf e a tu r e s .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 981- T he C en t ra l E xcava t ion U n i t c a r r ied o u t a n e xcava t ion a head o ft h e c on s t ruc t ion o f a n o i l p i pe l ine a c ro s s t h e w e s te rn e dge o ft h e s i t e . G rav e s 4a nd 5 w e r e r e -excava ted , a nd 7 n ew g r ave s ( g rave s 6 12 ) w e r e f ound . 3f o u r -po s t s t ruc tu r e s o fu nce r ta in d a te w e r e a l so l o ca ted , a s w e r e m any s t ake -ho le s . T he se a ppea rt oh av e e i the rp r e -da ted , o rb een c on tempo ra ry w i th , t h e g r ave s . T he f o u r p o s t s t ruc tu r e s a ppea rv e ry s im i la rt ot h o se c ommon ly f ound o n I r on A ge s i t e s , a nd as im i la r d a te f o r t h e se i sp o s s ib le . 1 998 - T he C an te rbu ry A r chaeo log ica lT ru s te xcava t ed a tt h es i te ,a nd f ound af u r the rb u r ia l( g rave 1 3 ) , c on ta in ing as a uce rb rooch . T he f i nd s f r om t h e s i te r a nged i nd a te f r om t h e 5 t ht o6 t h c en tu r ie s . G rave 4c on ta ined ap o t , p robab ly o ft h el a t e r5 t h ,a nd aF rank i sh g l a s sb ow l , w h ich b o r e aC h i -Rho , a nd a n i n sc r ip t ion i nL a t in . T h i s w a s p robab ly m anuf a c tu r ed i nt h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e 5 t h . G rave 7c on ta ined ap a i ro fs a uce rb rooche sw i th 5 p o in t ed s t a r mo t if , o fl a te 5 t h t om id -6 th c en t u ry d a t e . G rave 8c on ta ined ap a i r o f5 t h c en tu ry d i sc b r ooche s , b u t t h e 1 6 a mb e r b ead s s ugge s t a6 t h c en tu ry d a t e f o r t h e b u r ia l . G rave 1 0 c on ta ined a s t amped p o t t e ry v e s se l o ft h e 5 t h o r 6 t h c en tu ry . O ve ra l l , t h e c eme t e ry a ppea r s t oh ave b een i nu s e b e tw een c .4 50 -600 . T he s i t e l i e sj u s to n a nd b e low t h ec r e s to f ac ha lk r i dge , o n i t ss t eep s ou th -f a c ing s l ope . I to ve r look s a d r yv a l ley w h ich r un sd own t ot h eD a ren tV a l ley , 1 . 5km t ot h ew e s t . T he b ed rock i sC ha lk , c ove r ed b y b r own c l ay l o am a nd p a tch e so fh i l l -wa sh . OD i sb e tween 5-59m . D ar tf ord . 7 0 . I .P owder M i l l s( aka B ignore s ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5077310 /54817297 . NAR : TQ 5 7 S E4 / 57 SW 37 . D unk in 1 844b ,3 07 -8 ; O rdnance S u rvey 1 866 ; O .S .6 "m ap s 1 869 a nd 1 9 10 ; S pu r r e l l 1 889 , 3 07 , 3 14 ; H ogg 1 941 ,2 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 10 ; O rdnance S u rvey 1 966 ,3 8 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 6 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? O c tober 1 818 - Wo rkm en d i gg ing t h ef o unda t ion so f ap owde rm agaz ine a t TQ 5 4817297 d i scov e r ed 3 s p ea rhead s , as h ie ld -bo s s , ac oppe ra loy r i ng , a nd s ome y e l low b ead s . T he re w a sa l so ah ook ed o b jec t ( p robab ly ak ey ) . 1 866 - T he O rdnance S u r vey O b jec t N ame B ook r e co rded t h a t t h e r e w a s s uppo sed t ob e a n A ng lo S axon c eme t e ry " . .7 c ha in s SW o f` B igno r e s ' , p r ope r ty o f Ma jo r P igou . . ." , b u t n o ted t h a t" . . the e xa c t s i t e c anno t n ow b e p o in t ed o u t b y t h e i n hab i tan t s . . ." . T h i s i sp robab ly ar e f e rence t ot h e f i nd s a tt h e p owde rm i l l . 1 889 - S pu r re l lw ro te t h a t" swo rd sa nd r e l ic s" w e r et h ough tt oh ave b een f o und i ng r ave s i nt h ep owde r w o rk sa tD a r tf o rd . 1 941 - H ogg s t a ted t h a t as p ea rhead a nd s h ie ld -bo s s f r om t h i ss i te w e r e i nD a r tf o rd m u seum . H oweve r , t h e se a r en o tn ow t r aceab le . T he s i t ei so nt h el owe rp a r to f as ou th -we s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 5 35m OD . 7 1 . I . L i t t lebrook . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 5697504 /55607500 . NAR : TQ 5 7 NE9 /57 NE35 . S pu r r e l l 1 889 , 3 07 ,3 16 ; H ogg 1 94 1 ,2 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 26 ; A nonymou s 1 969 ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 6 -7 . M in imum n o .o fg rave s : 8 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : ? J anuary 1 883 - D u r ing t h e r emova l o fg r ave l f r om t h e " . .edge o ft h e t o p o ft h e h i l l o ve r look ing L i t t leb rook F a rm . . ." , b e s ide t h e r o ad o n t h e e a s t , 7o r 8g r ave s w e re d i s tu rbed . T he r e w e re f ew f i nd s , a nd S pu r re l l s aw o n ly s ome f r agmen t s o fS axon p o t t e ry . T he g r ave s w e r e a l igned " . .ea s t a nd w e s t 3 f e e ta pa r t ." S pu r r e l ls a id t h a tt h e r ew e r eo t he rg r ave s , s ome o fw h ich r ema ined u nd i s tu rbed . 1 948 - H uman s ku l lf r agm en t sw e re f o und i n ac ab le t r ench a tt h er e a ro f" Ba rke r 's h ou se" , b e tw een t h e o l dC emen tw o rk sa nd t h eT emp le M i l le s ta t e . T h i sm ay h ave b een p a r to ft h eL i t t leb rook c eme t e ry . 1 969 - T he S ou th L ondon F i e ld S t ud ie s S oc ie ty c a r r ied o u te xcava t ion s o n aS axon b u r ia l g r ound , n ea r t h eL i t t leb rook p owe rs t a t ion , D a r tf o rd ,a head o fd eve lopmen t . T he s i te i sm id -way d own a ne a s t -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 1 5 -25m OD . 7 2 . I I . T he B ren t . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 5337347 /554 17375 /55457340 . NAR : TQ 5 7S E23 /57 SW47 . S pu r r e l l 1 889 , 3 07 ; H ogg 1 94 1 ,2 6 ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 9 ; D a r tf o rd m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o : o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D a r tf o rd mu seum . P ha se s : ? 1 889 - S pu r r e l ln o ted t h ep r e sence o fb a r row s , a nd t h ough tt h em p o s s ib ly A ng lo -Saxon . P re -1941- A s p ea rhead i n D a r tf o rd m u seum w a s l i s ted a s c om ing f r om t h i s s i te . A cco rd ing t o D a r tf o rd m u seum r e co rd s a n A ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead , 4 1cm l o ng , w a s f ound o n D a r tf o rd B r en t b y a

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A ppend ix 1 . M r . H . M i tche l l . T h i s i sp robab ly t h e s p ea rhead i nt h e m u seum c o l lec t ion . T he e xac t f i nd s po t i sn o t r e co rded . T he b a r row ss e em t oh ave b een w ide ly s pa ced , w i th o ne b e ing a l ong s ide Wa t l ing S t ree t , a nd t h e o t he r s s ome 3 00m t ot h es ou th . 7 3 . I V . B ow A rrow L ane . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5477457 . NAR : TQ 5 7 S E2 1 . A nonymou s 1 938 ,x l v i i ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 6 -7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .P ha se s : ? 1 937 - A n i n huma t ion w a s d i s tu rbed d u r ing m echan ica l e xcava t ion o n t h e D a r tf o rd T unne l A pp roa ch r o ad , a bou t 9 5m n o r th o ft h e B ow A r row L ane r a i lway b r idg e . As k e le ton , a l igned r ough ly e a s t -w e s t , a nd l y ing o n i t sr i gh t s i de , f a c ing t h e r i ve r , w a s f o und . T he r ew e r e n o g r ave g ood s , b u t i tw a st h ough t p r obab ly S axon . T he s i t ew a sm id -way d own ag en t le e a s t -f ac ing s l ope ,b e tw een 2 0 -25m OD . 7 4 . V . D oub tf u lb u r ia ls i te , i nb a r row . NGR : TQ 5 1037234 . NAR : TQ 5 7 SW65 . S pu r r e l l 1 889 ,3 07 . M in imum n umbe ro fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 0 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? 1 889 - S pu r r e l ln o t ed t h ep r e sence o f aS axon b a r row a tt h i sl o ca t ion . 1 959 - T he O .S . n o ted t h a tt h e s i t e w a s o n a r ab le l a nd o n av e ry s l igh tn or th f a c ing s l ope . N ot r a ce o f t h eb a r row w a sv i s ib le . 1 998 - T he s i te i sn ow ah ou s ing e s ta te . OD i s4 5m . 7 5 . V I . I s o la t ed f i nd s . NGR : TQ 5 373 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TQ 5 7 SW49 . J ou rna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A r chaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 4 0( 1 884 ) , 1 20 1 ; K e l ly 1 99 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : V . c .1 884 - A n A ng lo -Saxon s h ie ld -bo s s a nd s p ea rhead w e r e d ug u p" . . .on t h e D own s n ea r D a r tf o rd . . ." , d u r ing d i gg ing f o r ad r a in a bou t 1 . 22m b e low t h e s u rf a ce . T he e xa c tf i nd s po tw a s i n d ica t ed o n am ap b yY ouen s ,b u tt h i sc anno tn ow b et r a ced . 1 892 - T he c a t a logue o ft h e K en t A r cha eo log ica l S oc ie ty l i s ted ac oppe r a l loy b ow l f r om D a r tf o rd , e n t ry n o . 1 20 , a s R oman . T he b ow l i sa c tua l ly o f l a t e 6 t h c en tu ry d a te , a nd t wo c oppe r a loy e s cu tcheon si nt h ec o l lec t ion ( e n t ry n o .4 8 1) f i ti t . 7 6 . V I I . C en tra lP ark . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TQ 5 45735 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : N one . D a r tf o rd m u seum r e co rd s ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 9 ; H awk e sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D a r tf o rd m u seum . P ha se s : ? P re -1992 - T y le rn o te st h a ta nA ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead w a s f o und i nD a r tf o rd 's C en t ra l P a rk . H awke s i d en t if i ed i ta sb e ing o fS wan ton 's t y pe H 2 . 7 7 . V I I I . C ranf ord Meade . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 5 4 1733 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : N one . D a r t f o rd m u seum r e co rd s ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re 1992 - A ni r on a xe -head w a sf o und a tC ranf o rd Mead , L ow f ie ld S t ree t . 7 8 . I X . T emp le H i l l( aka S t . E dmund 's C hurch a nd V icarage ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 5 4757553 / 54957502 . NAR : P end ing . H awk e sA r ch ive ; KCC r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 5 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 5 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I -V . P re -1973 - An o te i nt h e H awk e s A r ch ive c i t e s J e s sup a st h e s ou r ce o fi n f o rma t ion t h a t b u r ia l s w e r e f o und o nT emp le H i l l ,b u ts a y sn od e ta i l sa r ek nown , a nd q ue s t ion sw he the rt h i sr e f e rence i sc o r r ec t . O c tober 2 001 - A n e va lua t ion b y H e r tf o rd sh i r e A r cha eo log ica l T ru s t a tS t . E dmund 's C hu r ch a nd V ica rag e , T emp le H i l l , D a r tf o rd ( TQ 5 4957502 ) r e vea led l a te I r on A ge a nd e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon f e a tu r e s .

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A ppend ix 1 . A pr i l t o A ugus t 2 002 T he H e r tf o rd sh i re A rchaeo log ica l T ru s t c a r r ied a n e xcava t ion a tt h e S t . E dmund s s i te . I na dd i t ion t ol a te I r on A ge a nd R oman f e a tu re s , a n A ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion c eme te ry c omp r i s ing 5 1 b u r ia ls w a s e xcava ted . T he c eme te ry c omp r i sed t wo z one s o fw e s t -ea s t b u r ia l s , a nd a c en t ra l z one o fn or th sou th a nd s ou th -nor th b u r ia l s . T h ree o ft h e n o r th sou th g rave s h ad r i ng d i tche s . S ke le ta l p re se rva t ion a t t h e s i te w a s p oo r , b u t t h e g r ave g ood s , w h ich i n c luded d r e s s a cce s so r ie s , w eapon sa nd p o t te ry , w e re g ene ra l ly w e l l p r e se rved . T he s i te l i es o n ah igh g rave lt e r race o ve r look ing t h eT hame sm a r she st ot h en o r th . OD i sa bou t3 2m . D ea l . 7 9 . I .M i l lH i l lI .I nhuma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 6315074 . NAR : TR 3 5 S E67 . B r i t i sh Mu seum r e co rd s ; P a rf i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 7 6 . R eco rded g r ave s : 7 6 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ove rm useum . P ha se s : 1 I IV . c . 1905 - T h r ee b u r ia ls w e r e d i scove red d u r ing c ha lk d i gg ing a tt h e NW e nd o f D enne 's s ou th -we s t c ha lk q ua r ry , o n M i l l H i l l , D ea l . T he b u r ia l s w e r e d e sc r ibed a s ' S axon ' i n al e t te r f r om a l o ca l a n t iqua ry , S t ephen Man se r , t o t h e B r i t ish Mu seum . T he g r ave s c on ta ined k n ive s , s pea rhead s , a nd a s h ie ld ; o ne o ft h e g rave s ( wh ich c on ta ined as p ea rhead a nd s h ie ld ) w a s s u r rounded b y ac i rcu la r d i tch , a nd h ad p re sumab ly b een c ove red b y ab a r row . E xcava t ion s i nt h e 1 980 's i nt h is a r ea ( wh ich i st ot h e SW o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s d e sc r ibed b e low ) r e vea led a n I r on A ge c eme te ry , i n c lud ing o n g r ave e nc lo sed b y ar i ng g u l ly . T hu s i ti sp o s s ib le t h a tt h e se t h ree b u r ia l sw e re o fi r on a ge d a te . 1 986 -9 - T he D ove r A r chaeo log ica l G roup e xcava ted a n a r ea o fM i l l H i l l a head o ft h e c on s t ruc t ion o f t wo h ou s ing e s ta te s . F ea tu r e s d a t ing f r om t h e N eo l i th ic t o Med ieva l p e r iod s w e re r e co rded , i n c lud ing I r on A ge a nd E a r ly R oman b u r ia l s . At o ta l o f7 6 A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia ls w e re a l so e xcava ted , c l u s te red a r ound ap reh is to r ic b a r row . T he se d a ted p r ima r i ly t ot h e 6t h c en tu ry . T he re w e re s i gn if ican t n umbe r s o fi mpor ted o b jec t s a mong s tt h e m any g r ave g ood s , a nd m any o ft h e b u r ia ls c ou ld b e c ha rac te r i sed a s w ea l thy , a l though b rac tea te sa nd r i ng swo rd s w e re a b sen t . An o tab le f e a tu re w a st h a tt h e re w a sn o o ve r lap i ns t a tu re b e tween a du l tm a le s a nd f ema le s ; t h e s hor te s t m an w a s t a l le r t h an t h e t a l les t w oman , p e rhap s i mp ly ing t h a t t h e c ommun i ty c on s is ted o fm a le s a nd f ema le sf r om d i f f e ren te t hn ic g roup s . T he c eme te ry i sl o ca ted o nt h e s ou th -ea s te nd o fM i l l H i l l , ar i dge o fU ppe r C ha lk w h ich o ve r look s t h e s e at ot h ee a s t . OD i sb e tween 3 4 -39m . 8 0 . I . M i l lH i l l I ( Aka C a tho l ic C hurch ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 3 6045112 . NAR : TR 3 5 S E 19 . Wood ruf f 1 904 , 9 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 63 ; S t ebb ing 1 934 , 2 09 10 ; Meaney 1 964 , 17 ; B ruce -M i tf o rd 1 974b ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu sn o .58 ; P a rf i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 , 4 -6 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ove rm u seum . P ha se s : I V -V . 1 898 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave ( g rave 1 ) , c on ta in ing aw oman w i th aK en t ish d i sc b rooch a nd b ead s , w a s f ound " . . .abou t 5 00 y a rd s NW o fD ea l Wa te rwo rk s . . ." . I nt h e e a r ly 1 900 's Wood ruf fw a s s hown s ome A ng lo -Saxon f i nd s " . . .f rom af i e ld n ea rt h e w a terwo rk s o n M i l l H i l l . . ." . T hey i n c luded b ead s , a b rooch , a nd ak n if e , s pea rhead a nd b uck le s . T hey w e r e s a id t oh ave b een f ound w i th in " t he l a s tt wo o r t h ree y ea r s" . T h is i sp robab ly ar e f e rence t ot h e f i nd s f o und i n1 898 . D ec .2 2nd 1 933 - Ab u r ia l ( g rave 2 )w a se xpo sed d u r ing t h e d i gg ing o f as oak -away , a bou t3 m f r om t h e Sw a l l o f an ew R oman C a tho l ic m i s s ion h a l l . S t ebb ing w a s c a l led t o i n ve s t iga te , a nd e xcava ted t h e g r ave , t h a to f am a tu re m an w i th s pea r a nd k n if e . N o f u r the rb u r ia l s w e re l o ca ted , d e sp i te " t e s t s o ft h e g round" . H oweve r , i tw a st h ough tt h i s m igh tb e d ue t ot h e d ep th t h a tt h ey w e re c u ti n to t h e c ha lk . 1 970 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave ( g rave 3 ) , c on ta in ing as qua tj a r , w a s f ound i nt h e f r on t g a rden o f" The B eeche s" , N o . 1 47 , S t . R icha rd 's R oad , w hen al a rge h o le f o r at r ee w a s b e ing d ug . T he j a rw a s f o und c l o se t ot h e c ha lk b ed rock a t2 . 13m d eep . T he g r ave w a s v i s ib le i ns e c t ion i nt h e s i de o ft h e h o le , a nd w a sa l igned i n aNW d i rec t ion . T he l a ndowne r , M r . F .O l ive r , r e co rded t h a t ' u nu sua l c o in s ' a nd b one s h ad b een f ound o nv a r iou sp a r t so fh i s2 . 5 a c re s o fl a nd . G rave 1p robab ly d a te s t oc .5 60 /70 -580 /90 ( Ken t i sh P ha se I V ) . T he s qua tj a r f r om g rave 3i so fl a te 6 `1 o re a r ly 7t hc en tu ry d a te ( Ken t i sh P ha se V ) . T h i s s i te l i e s a bou t 4 50m t ot h e n or th -we s t o fM i l l H i l l I ,a ta bou t 3 0m OD , o n ag en t le n o r th -we s t f a c ing s l ope . 8 1 . I I . Mongeham B o t tom ( Aka G rea t Mongeham ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 3 5105105 /35075102 . NAR : TR 3 5 SW7 1/35 5 E47 /35 5 E48 /35 SW28 .

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A ppend ix 1 . C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 4 ; H awke s 1 961b ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 ; D unn ing 1 966 , P l .v i , 8 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o . 3 762 ,f .6 2 ; A ven ta nd E v i son 1 9 82 , 8 0 , 1 04 , p l . X IV , C a t .N o . 1 5 .1 ; P a r f i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 ,6 ; S t ebb ing MS , D ea l l i b ra ry . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ea lC a s t le Mu seum . P ha se s : ? 1 9 11 - A s ma l l h and -made A ng lo -Saxon p o t w a s f o und d u r ing d i gg ing f o r s t one n ea r t h e G r ea t Mongeham t oR ipp le r oad . My r e sd e sc r ibe s i ta s as ma l l i regu la rc up w i th r ounded b a se , o fb l a ck /g r ey w a re . I ti sl i ke ly i tc ame f r om t h e s ame s i t e a s t h e 1 9 13 f i nd s . A( now d i su sed ) s t one p i t a t TR 3 5075102 w a sn o ted b yS t ebb ing a sa nA ng lo -Saxon f i nd s po t ,a nd w a sp robab ly t h es i te o ft h i sf i nd . 1 9 13 - Ac oppe ra loy b u t ton b rooch , ab e l tp l a t e , a nd ad eco ra t ed p i n , w e r e f o und i nt h e S t one P i t s a t Mongeham B o t tom . I ti st h ough t t h a t t h e se f i nd s c ame f r om o ne o rm o r e i n huma t ion s . T he b u t ton b rooch , o fA ven t a nd E v i son 's C la s sA i i , d a te st ot h e 5t h, o re a r ly 66'c en tu ry . H ow eve r ,t h ed eco ra t ed p i n i so f 7t h8t h c en tu ry d a t e . I ft h e se f i nd sa r ef r om g r ave s ,t h en t h ey a r ev e ry u n l ike ly t oh av ec ome f r om t h es ame g r ave , a nd s ugg e s t ac eme t e ry i nu se o v e r al o ng p e r iod . T he s i te i sm id -way d own aw e s t -no r th -w e s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 1 0 15m OD . 8 2 . I V . B eacon H i l l( Aka G rea t Mongeham ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . S AM K en t3 24 . NGR : TR 3 4 135105 . NAR : TR 3 5 SW31 . H awke s 1 976b ,3 5 ; P a r f i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 ,6 ; H awk e sA r ch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 00 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s :N one . P ha se s : ? 1 977 - A n a e r ia l p ho tog raph r e vea led t h e p r e sence o f av e ry l a rg e ( s eve ra l h und red g r ave s ) , h i the r to u nknown , A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry . S ome o f t h e g r ave s a r e s u r rounded b y s ma l l r i ng d i t che s . N o e xcava t ion sh ave b een c a r r ied o u ta tt h es i t e . T he g r ave s l i eb o th N -S a nd W -E . T ho se w i th r i ng d i t che s a r e c l u s te r ed i nt h en o r th a nd s ou th c o r ne r s o ft h ec eme te ry . T he c eme t e ry a ppea r st ob ec en t r ed o n ar e c tangu la re nc lo su r e . T he s i t ei so nt h eb row o f aD own land s pu r , f a c ing e a s t sou th -ea s t ,a t OD 5 0m . 8 3 . V . U pper D ea l . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 59 152 12 . NAR : TR 3 5 S E27 . D owke r 1 900 , 12 ; K en t Me s seng e r 3 0 /07 / 33 ; J e s sup 1 9 33 ; S t ebb ing 1 939 , 2 06 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 4 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rd ed g r av e s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s :n one . P ha se s : ? c .1 898 - D owk e r m en t ioned t h a t S axon g r ave s h ad b een f o und n ea r U ppe r D ea l . T h i s m ay b e a r e f e r ence t oo ne o ft h eo t he rs i te s i nt h ea r ea . S ep tember 1 8 th 1 939 - Ag r ave w a s d i scove r ed d u r ing t h e l a y ing o fe l ec t r ic i ty c ab le s . T he g r ave l a y b e low t h e f o o tpa th o n t h e w e s t er n s i de o fL ondon R oad , U ppe r D ea l , o ppo s i te ab r id le p a th t oN o r th D ea l . T he r ew e re n og r ave g ood s ,b u tS t ebb ing t h ough t aS axon d a t ew a sm o s tl i k e ly . T he s i te i so n ag en t le n o r th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 1 5 -20m OD . 8 4 . V I . Odeon C inema . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 3 7625285 . NAR : TR? H awke s 1 937 , 3 12 -3 , p 1 . 1xxx i i i .1 ; C hadw ick 1 9 58a , 6 3 ; M eaney 1 964 , 16 -7 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 3 086 ,f .8 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I ? 1 937 - When d i gg ing t h e f o unda t ion sf o rt h eO deon C inema i nD ea l , ap o t t e ry v e s se l w a sd i scov e red a t ad ep th o fa bou t9 8cm i nl o am . T he v e s se lh ad ah a rd , s a ndy l i gh tg r ey f a b r ic , s a id t ob em o r e l i ke t h a t o fR oman p o t s ,b u ti tw a sc l ea r ly G e rman ic i ns h ape . T h es i te i sn ea rt h ec oa s t ,o nt h eb row o f al ow n o r th -f a c ing s pu r ,a t OD 5 m . 8 5 . V I I . R ed su l lA venue . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TR 3 6295114 . NAR : TR 3 5 S E20 . S t ebb ing 1 939 ,2 05 -7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 17 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? S ep t . 1 939 - T he e xcava t ion o fa n a i r r a id s h e l te r i nt h e g a rden o f7 ,R ed su l l A venue , r e vea led a n i n huma t ion . T he r e w e r e n o g r ave g ood s , b u t S t ebb ing t h ough t t h e b u r ia l " Ju t i sh" . H oweve r , d i scove r ie s b yt h e D ove rA r cha eo log ica l G roup o fe x tended I r on A g e i n huma t ion s o n t h e n ea rby M i l l H i l l Is i t er a i se d oub t sa bou tt h ed a t ing o ft h i sb u r ia l . T he s i te i so nt h eu ppe rs l ope o ft h eM i l lH i l lr i dg e ,f a c ing n o r th -ea s t . OD i sb e tw een 2 0 -25m .

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A ppend ix 1 . 8 6 . V I I I . S and h i l l s . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 76543 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? H awk e sA r ch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ea lT own H a l l . P ha se s : ? P re -1973 - As pea r , s e ax a nd k n if e " . . .f rom t h e S and h i l l s n ea r D ea l . . ." w e r e d i scove r ed . H awk e s s ugge s t st h ey m ay h ave c om ef r om n ea rS andown C a s t le . D i t ton . 8 7 . I .I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 1175877 . NAR : TQ 7 5 NW4 1 . K e l ly 1 962 ; W i l son 1 964 ,2 36 ; S wan ton 1 974 ,4 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s ton em u seum . P ha se s : I IV . J u ly 1 962 - As pea rhead o fS wan ton 's t y pe H 3 w a s f o und b y D . T omk in , i nt h e s i de o f ac u t t ing t h a t h ad b een m ade t h rough as a nd k no l l o n R eed 's p l ay ing f i e ld s . T he c u t t ing w a s o r ig ina l ly m ade i nt h e 1 9 th c en tu ry , b u t h ad s i nce b een w idened b y m ach ine , a nd i tw a s s ugge s ted t h a t t h i s h ad d i s tu rbed a g r ave o nt h et o po ft h ek no l l ,a nd b rough tt h es p ea rhead t oi t sp o s i t ion a tt h eb o t tom o ft h ec u t t ing . D over . 8 . I .P r iory H i l l . I nhuma t ion c eme t e r y . NGR : TR 3 154 17 . NAR : TR 3 4 SW6 / 34 SW75 / 34 SW 148 / 34 SW224 . P ayne 1 889a , 2 05 ; P ayne 1 893 , 1 99 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 84 ; Wh i t ley 1 9 13 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 4 57 , 5 37 , 7 09 ; K end r ick 1 933b ; Wa rne r 1 960 ; 1 96 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 17 ; R igo ld a nd Web s te r 1 970 , 1 2 , 8 12 ; A v en t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 1 54 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 76 ; W i l l son 1 988 , 8 1 -92 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 9 , 4 1 ; A nonymou s 1 994 ,4 60 ; D ove rm u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 8 . R eco rded g r ave s : 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : K en tA rchaeo log ica l R e scue U n i t . P ha se s : V -V I . 1 879 - Ac ompo s i te d i sc b rooch f r om D ove rw a s a cqu i r ed b yt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum . I th a s u sua l ly b een c on s ide r ed t h a ti tp robab ly c ame f r om P r io ry H i l l . H oweve r , i tn ow s e em sm o r e l i ke ly t h a ti tw a s f r om t h eB uck land c eme t e ry ( s ee b e low ) . A pr i l 1 7 th , 1 883 - Ap l a ted d i sc b rooch o fA ven t 's c l a s s 2w a s f o und w hen f o unda t ion s f o rh ou se sw e r e d ug o nP r io ry H i l l . 1 889 - A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e re d i s tu rbed w hen m o r e h ou se s w e re b u i l t o n P r io ry H i l l . S wo rd s a nd s p ea r sw e r ef o und a l ong w i th s k e le ton s . A tt h eh ead o fo ne g r ave w e r em any l i mpe ts h e l l s , a nd a no the r b u r ia lw a ss a id t oc on ta in j a spa rs t one s . 1 967 - T he p l a t ed d i sc b rooch f o und i n1 883 w a s s t o len f r om D ove rm u seum . I ti sb e l ieved t h a to t he r f i nd s f r om t h e s i te m ay h ave b een d e s t royed w hen t h e m u seum w a s b ombed d u r ing t h e s e cond w o r ld w a r . 1 986 - Two A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s ( g rave s 1 2 ) w e r e f o und d u r ing r e nova t ion w o rk a tN o . 6 8 , P r io ry H i l l . G rave 2w a se xcava t ed b yt h eK en tA r cha eo log ica lR e scue U n i t . 1 988 - E xcava t ion o ft h e g a rden s o fN o . 6 4 , a nd l a t e rN o . 4 8 , P r io ry H i l l , r e vea led af u r the r 3g r ave s ( 3 -5 ) ,w h ich w e r ee xcava ted b y KARU . T he b rooch f r om t h i s s i te , a sw e l la st h ef i nd s f r om t h em o r er e cen td i scove r ie s , s ugge s tt h a tt h eb u r ia l s s of a rd i scove r ed d a te f r om p e rhap st h ee nd o ft h e6 t ht ot h em id -7 th c en tu r ie s . T he c eme te ry l i e sm id -way d own as t eep s ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 1 5 -25m OD . 8 9 . I . B uck land . I nhuma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 3 10430 / 30804290 . NAR : TR 3 4 SW32 / 34 SW46 1 . K end r ick 1 933a , 4 30 , 4 45 , f . 1 .1 , p 1 . 1 .5 ; J e s sup 1 952 , x l i i ; Meaney 1 964 , 17 ; E v i son 1 964 ; 1 965b , 2 14 -5 ; 1 967a ; 1 975c , 7 5 , 7 8 , 8 3 ; 1 979 , 6 6 , 7 1 -3 , 7 5 , 7 9 ; 1 982 , 4 7 -8 , 5 3 , 6 3 ; 1 987 ; R igo ld a nd Web s te r 1 970 , 1 3 17 , f . 5 , p l . I I ; S wan ton 1 973 , 1 70 1 , 1 82 -3 , 2 02 -4 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 2 5 -7 , 3 8 , 5 6 ,7 3 -4 , 14 , 1 36 , 1 63 -4 , 1 74 ; W i l son 1 976 , 1 6 1 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o . 2 26 1 , f .2 2 1 ; H i l l a nd Me tca lf 1 984 ,2 51 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 9 ,4 0 ; P a rf i t t 1 994 ; 1 995b ; I n f o rma t ion f r om K . P a rf i t t ; CAT r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o f g r ave s : 4 15 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 14 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , BM ( Na tu ra lH i s to ry ) ,D ove rm u seum . P ha se s : I ? IX . 1 879 - Ac ompo s i te d i sc b rooch f r om D ove rw a s a cqu i red b yt h eB r i t i sh Mu seum . A cqu i r ed a l ong w i th t h e b rooch w e r e as i lv e r w i r e b ra ce le t , as i lve r w i r e r i ng s t rung w i th 2 o paque g r een g l a s s b ead s , 4 a me thy s tb ead s , am e lon b ead ,a nd 2r e dg l a s sb ead s . T he se m ay h ave c ome f r om t h es ame g r ave a st h e b r ooch .

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A ppend ix 1 . I th a su sua l ly b een c on s ide r ed t h a tt h i sb rooch w a sf r om P r io ry H i l l . H oweve r ,t h eo n ly b a s i sf o rt h i s i s R igo ld 's a s se r t ion t h a t t h e B uck land c eme t e ry d i d n o t e x t end a s f a r a s t h e r a i lway . T h e 1 994 e xcava t ion ss howed t h a ti td i d . F u r the rmo r e ,P a r f i t th a se s tab l i shed t h a tt h er a i lway c u t t ing a tB uck land w a s m ade i n 1 879 , w he r ea s p e rm i s s ion f o r b u i ld ing a tP r io ry H i l l w a s n o t g i ven u n t i l c . 1881 . I n a dd i t ion , a" Roman w a r r io r " w a s r e po r t ed t oh av e b een f o und i n" cu t t ing n o .10" i nt h i s y ea r . T h i s i s p robab ly ar e f e rence t ot h er a i lway c u t t ing a tB uck land . 1 951 - A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e re d i scove r ed w hen t h e c on s t ruc t ion b egan o f ah ou s ing e s ta te o n L ong H i l l , B uck land . S t ebb ing i n ve s t iga t ed , a nd e xcava t ed ag r ave ( g rave C ) , a nd r e t r ieved o b jec t s f r om a n umbe ro fd i s tu rbed g r ave s( g rave B ,a nd g r ave sD -F ) . S ep tember 1 951 t oJ u ly 1 953 - T he I n spec to ra t e o fA nc ien t Monumen t s moun ted ar e scue e x cava t ion s upe rv i sed b yV e ra E v i son . 1 65 i n huma t ion s ( g rave s 1 165 ) w e r e e x cava t ed a nd r e co rded . T h e m any g r ave g ood sd a ted f r om t h roughou tt h ep e r iod c . 475 -750 . 1 994 - A no the r h ou s ing e s ta te w a s p l anned b e low t h e r a i lway c u t t ing t h a t h ad m a rked t h e l ow e r b ounda ry o ft h e 1 950 's e xcava t ion s . As u rvey r e v ea led t h e p r e sen ce o fm o re g rave s , a nd ar e scue e xcava t ion w a s moun ted b yt h eC an t e rbu ry A r cha eo log ica lT ru s t , u nde rt h es upe rv i s ion o fK e i th P a r f i t t . Af u r the r2 44 i n huma t ion s( n umbe red 2 0 1-444 )w e r ee xcava ted , t h e se d a t ing m o s t ly t ob e tween c .4 75 6 25 . 1 996 - Wa tch ing b r ief s b y CAT o nt r enche s e xcava ted a t TR 3 10433 a nd TR 3 05434 t ot h e n o r th a nd n o r th -we s to ft h ec eme te ry r e vea led n oa r cha eo log ica le v idence . T he s i t e e x tend s o ve rt h e m idd le s l ope s o f as t eep s ou th -we s t f a c ing s i de o ft h e D ou rv a l ley . I ts i t s o n t h e U ppe r C ha lk , b e tween t h e 3 0 -80m c on tou r s . T he s i t e i sb i sec ted b y t h e r a i lway c u t t ing , w i th h ou s ing e s ta t e s a bove a nd b e low t h e c u t t ing . H oweve r , s t r ip s o fl a nd e i the r s i de o ft h e c u t t ing r ema in u n -excava t ed , a nd p robab ly c on ta in f u r the rb u r ia l s , a sp r obab ly d oe s at r iangu la r s e c t ion o fl a nd a tt h e e a s t e rn e dg eo ft h es i te . 9 0 . I I . D urham H i l l( Aka A lbany P lace ) . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 3 17413 / 3184 13 . NAR : TR 3 4 SW50 / 34 SW 14 1 . M eaney 1 964 , 18 ; Y oung s 1 98 1 , 1 7 1 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 69 , 1 77 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 9 , 4 1 ; D ov e r m u seum a c ce s s ion sb ook . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ove rm u seum . P ha se s : ? 1 939 - D ove r mu seum a cqu i r ed 2p enannu la r b r ooche s , a nd 2b u ck le s , o fA ng lo -Saxon d a te . T he se h ad b een f o und a tD u rham H i l l , a nd m ay h ave c ome f r om A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . 1 980 - E xcava t ion sb yt h eK en tA r cha eo log ica lR e scue U n i ti nt h eg a rden so f ah ou s ing d eve lopmen ta t A lbany P l a ce r e vea led t h e w e s t s i de o ft h e R oman 2 nd c en tu ry n ava l f o r t . F ou r a du l t i n huma t ion b u r ia l s c u ti n to t h ed emo l i t ion r u bb le o ft h e f o r tb u i ld ing s . T he re w e r e n o g r ave g ood s , a nd t h e se m ay h ave b een m ed ieva l ,r a the rt h an A ng lo -Saxon , i nd a te . T he se f i nd s w e r e m ade o nt h e l ow e rp a r to f , o ra tt h e b a se o f , as t eep e a s twa rd f a c ing s l ope , a ta r ound 5m OD . 9 1 . I V . H igh Meadow . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 10 14 197 . NAR : TR 3 4 SW76 . Meaney 1 964 , 17 ; E v i son 1 967b , 2 83 -4 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 76 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 9 , 4 1 ; H awk e s A r ch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ove rm u seum . P ha se s : V I I I . J u ly 1 956 - D u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f as ma l l g a rage a tH igh Meadow , ag r ave w a s d i scove red i nt h e t o p so i l . T he g r ave w a st h a to f aw oman , a nd t h eg o ld d i sc p endan tw h ich w a s a mong s tt h eg r av eg ood s d a t e s h e rb u r ia l t ot h e l a te 7 t h c en tu ry . As e a r ch o ft h e g r ound t oc ha lk l e ve l f o r a bou t 3 m a r ound t h e g r ave r e vea led n of u r the rb u r ia l s . An o te i nt h eH awk e sA r ch ive s i te st h i sg r ave a tG u s ton , a t TR 3 2404480 . T he NGR g i ven p l a ce st h i sb u r ia lo nt h em id to lowe rp a r to f as t eep s ou th -ea s tf a c ing D own land s l ope , a ta bou t4 0m OD . 9 2 . V . I s o la ted f md s . NGR : V a r iou s l o ca l i ty o n ly . NAR : TR 3 4 SW 157 /34 SW 160 / 34 SW 164 / 34 SW !1 / 34 SW70 / 34 SW 158 . S m i th 1 852 , I , 2 19 -20 , p l .L I I .1 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 84 ; 1 908b , 1 02 ; 1923 , 3 5 , 3 9 ; L eed s 1 9 12 , 1 98 ; J e s sup 1 9 30 , 2 24 ; Wa rne r 1 960 ; 1 96 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 17 -8 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 78 ; D ove r m u seum r e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum ,D ove rm u seum ,B u ry S t . E dmund 's m u seum . P ha se s : ?

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 8 19 - As auce rb rooch " . .po s s ib ly f r om D ove r . . ." w a sa cqu i r ed b yt h eB r i t i sh Mu seum . P re -1852 - C .R . Sm i th s aw aF rank i sh j ug i nD ove r Mu seum , a nd w a s t o ld t h a t i th ad b een f o und i na b a r row n ea rD ove r . P r e -1908 - Ag l a s sb a se c up w a s s a id t oh ave b een f o und " . .14 ' d eep , o ppo s i te t h eG rand S haf t , b e low S hak e spea r eC l if f . . ." . 1 984 - Two b u t ton b rooche s ,f ound " . .po s s ib ly [ a t ] D ove ro rn ea rD ove r . . ." ,w e r ep r e sen ted t oB u ry S t . E dmund 's mu seum . 9 3 . V I . C a s t le H i l l . D oub t f u lc hu r chya rd . NGR : TR 3 2644 177 . NAR : TR 3 4 SW65 / 34 SW66 . B idd le 1 969 ,2 64 -65 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 8 -9 , 3 8 . M in imum n o .o fg rave s : ?R eco rded g r ave s : ? L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : X . 1 961 -3 - As e c t ion w a s c u tt h rough t h e e a r thwo rk s i mmed ia t e ly t ot h e s ou th o fS t . Ma ry in -Ca s t ro , a l a t e S axon c hu rch w i th in t h e c u r ta in w a l l o fD ov e r C a s t le . Ac eme te ry o fc of f ined i n huma t ion s w a s f o und c u tt h rough t h eI r on A ge l e ve l st h a tu nde r lay t h ee a r thwo rk s ,a nd i tw a ss ugge s ted t h a tt h e se w e r e p r obab ly o fl a t eS axon d a te . T h es i te i sl o ca ted o nt o po fr i dge ,w h ich e nd s i n av e r t ica l s e a -c l if f2 00m t ot h es ou th -ea s t . T he s l ope s o ft h e e a r thwo rk a r e v e ry s t eep , a nd f a ce s ou th a tt h e p o in t w he re t h e b u r ia l s w e r e l o ca t ed . OD i s b e tween 9 0 100m . 9 4 . V I I . S t . Mar t in 's ( Aka Marke tS quare ,S axon S hore f o r t ,S t .P e ter 's ) . D oub tf u lc hu r chya rd . NGR : TR 3 1904 141 . NAR : TR 3 4 SW 36 . A nonymou s 1 834 ; H a igh 1 872 , 1 64 , 1 7 3 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 84 ; Meaney 1 964 , 17 -8 ; EHD 1 988 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 9 ; D ove r mu seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o .o fg rave s : 6R eco rded g r ave s : ?L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ove rm u seum . P ha se s : X ? P r e -1832 - Am onumen ta l s l ab ( p robab ly ac of in l i d ) , b ea r ing ar u n ic i n sc r ip t ion a nd t h e o u t l ine o fa c r o s s , w a s f o und w hen t h e A n twe rp I n n , o n D ov e r 's Ma rk e t S qua re , r e ce ived a l te ra t ion s . T he i n sc r ip t ion r e ad s +G ISLHEARD . T he s i t ew a sf o rm e r ly t h a to ft h ec hu r ch o fS t .P e te r . 1 895 - A" ch i ld 's c of f in i nc ha lk" w a sf o und a tD ove r . T h i sm ay h ave b een f r om t h e Ma rke tS qua re . c .1 950 - When t h e s i t e f o r an ew b ank o n t h e Ma rke t S qua r e w a s e xcava ted , s e ve ra l l a rge c ha lk c ove r ed g rav e s w e re f o und . T he r e w e r e n o g r ave g ood s , a nd t h ey w e re p robab ly e i the r l a te S axon o r m ed ieva l . 1 970 's - T he K en tA rchaeo log ica lR e scue U n i t 's e x cava t ion sr e vea led aS axon t i mbe rc hu r ch w i th in t h e w a l l s o ft h e l a t e R oman S ho re F o r t , a nd a d jacen tt ot h e s i t e o ft h e N o rman S t . Ma r t in le -G rand . S ome b u r ia l sw e r e f o und w h ich w e r e t h ough tt oh ave b een a s soc ia t ed w i th t h e t i mbe rc hu rch ( wh ich d a ted t o b e tween t h e7 t ha nd 9 t hc en t u ry 's ) ,b u tt h e i rd a te i su nce r ta in . T he se v a r iou s d i scove r ie s a r e f o cu sed a r ound D ov e r 's Ma rke t S qua r e . T h i s i sl o ca t ed o n t h e b a se o f t h e D ou r v a l ley , t o t h e w e s t o f t h e r i ve r . T he g r ound s l ope s g en t ly t owa rd s t h e e a s t . OD i s a pp rox ima te ly 5 m . V I I I . E lm swood F arm . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 2 8934085 . NAR : N one . P o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie sS chem er e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I I I I . c .e ar ly 1 980 's - Ag i l t c oppe r a loy b u t ton b rooch , t h e h ead o f ar a d ia te -headed b rooch a nd as wo rd p omme lw e r ef ound b y am e ta ld e t ec to r i s t . T he f i nd sh av es i nce b een s o ld . T he s i te i so n an o r th -f a c ing v a l ley s l ope , i np a s tu r e b e low E lm 's Wood , j u s t e a s t o f t h e p a r i sh b ounda ry w i th H ougham . OD i sb e tween a bou t6 5 -75m . D un ton G reen . 9 5 . I .P o lh i l l . I nhuma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 5 0545890 /5054 1590 . NAR : TQ 5 NW22 . Wa rd 1 931 , 8 9 -9 1 , 9 7 ; B lum s te in 1 956 ; P h i lp 1 9 64 ; 1 965 ; 1 967a ; 1 967b ; 1 973 , 1 64 -2 14 ; S t oye l 1 9 59 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 90 ; P h i lp 1 979 ; A rno ld 1 980 , 8 6 -8 , 9 4 -5 , 1 00 ; P h i lp a nd H awke s 1 980 ; Y oung s , C la rk a nd B a r ry 1 985 , 1 9 1 ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 5 ; G eake 1 994 ; P h i lp 2 002 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 64+ . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 6 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : KARU a r ch ive s . P ha se s : V I IX .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 839 - T he S evenoa l c s T u rnp ike c u t t h rough t h e s i t e o ft h e c eme t e ry . A l though t h e re i sn o r e co rd o f d i scove r ie sa tt h i st ime , Wa rd n o ted al o ca lo r a lt r ad i t ion o ft h ef i nd ing o fs ke le ton sa nd w eapon s . J une 1 956 - D u r ing w iden ing o ft h e A 2 1 a tP o lh i l l , 1 3 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e re d i scov e r ed . T h ey w e r er e co rded b yM i s sM . B lum s t e in . T he f ew f i nd si n c lud ed k n iv e s ,a nd as e ax . 1 959 -63 - As e r ie so fc han ce d i scove r ie s ( g rave s 1 4 19 ) a tt h e s i t ew e re n o ted b yt h e O tf o rd H i s to r ica l S oc ie ty . O c tober 1 964 - C on s t ruc t ion o ft h eS evenoak sB ypa s sl e dt ot h ed i scove ry o ff u r the rg r ave s . T he We s t K en tB o rde rA r cha eo log ica lG roup l e d ar e scue e xcava t ion . 1 6b u r ia l s( g rave s2 0 -35 )w e re e x cava ted . 1 966 - B .P h i lp r e co rded af u r the r 4b u r ia l s( g rave s3 6 -39 ) , f o und d u r ing p i pe t r ench ing . 1 967 - Ar e scue e xcava t ion , a ga in l e db y WKBAG , r e vea led af u r the r6 8 g r ave s( g rave s4 0 107 ) , a l o f w h ich w e r ee xcava t ed a nd r e co rded . 1 978 - A ne xcava t ion a head o fc ha lk -qua r ry ing r e vea led a no the r 4g r ave s ( g rave s 1 08 111) . T he se l a y t ot h e s ou th -we s t o ft h e 1 967 e x cava t ion , a t TQ 504 1590 . G r ave 1 08 w a s ad oub le b u r ia l . Ap i t c on ta in ing as i ng le c r u shed p o t , b u t n o b one s , w a s n ea r t h e g r ave s , w h i l s t af o u r -po s t s t r uc tu r e w a s f o und t ot h en o r th . March -Apr i l 1 984 - F u r the r e xcava t ion s b y KARU a head o ft h e c on s t ruc t ion o ft h e M25 r e su l t ed i n t h ed i scove ry o f af u r the r5 0g r ave s( n umbe r ed i nt h ep ub l i shed r e po r ta sg r ave s 1 50 ) . 1 986 - Af u r the r g r ave ( numbe r ed g r ave 5 1 b y t h e e xcava to r ) w a s e xcava ted b y KARU , b r ing ing t h e t o ta ln umbe ro fr e co rded g r ave sf r om t h es i t et o1 62 . T he c eme te ry d a te sf r om t h e 2h d q ua r t e ro ft h e 7t hc en tu ry , i n to t h e 8t h. T he s i te i so nt h es c a rp s l ope o ft h eN o r th D own sw he r e i tm ee t st h e D a r en t v a l ley . T he g r ound s l ope s s t eep ly d own t owa rd s t h e s ou th -ea s t , a nd t h e c em e t e ry l a y b e tween t h e 1 05 130m c on tou r s . T he b ed rock i sU ppe rC ha lk .

EA §1 1 2k t i. 9 6 . I .I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 6 89579 . NAR : N one . K e l ly 1 988 ,3 12 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I I . P re 1988 - Ag i l t c oppe r a loy b u t ton b r ooch w a s f o und b y W . R eeve s . I ti so fA ven t 's C la s s E i , o f w h ich t h et h r ee o t he re xamp le s a l c ome f r om Muck ing . A ven t a nd L e igh s ugg e s ted ad a t e r a nge o fc . 4 75 -525 f o rt h em anuf a c tu r eo ft h i sc l a s s . T he NGR g i ven p l ace st h ef i nd m id -way d own ag en t le n or th -f ac ing s l ope ,b e tween 3 0 -35m OD . 9 7 . I . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 058 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : N one . My r e s 1 977 ,c o rpu sn o . 3 432 ,f .2 22 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P r iva t ec o l lec t ion . P ha se s : ? 1 977 - My re s r e co rd s t h a t t h e u ppe r p a r t o f ap o t t e ry v e s se l f r om E a s t Ma l l ing w a s i n ap r iva t e c o l lec t ion . T he p o t i sd e sc r ibed a s as hou lde r -bo s s v e s se lw i th w id e m ou th a nd e ver ted r im , d eco ra ted w i th p e rhap s 8s ma l la pp l ied b o s se s ,a nd l i nea rp ane ld eco ra t ion . I th a sn op a ra l le l sf r om K en t . E a s trv . 9 8 . I .B u t t so le . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : 1R31005460 . NAR : TR 3 5 SW 1 . H a s t ed 1 797 180 1 , X , 1 0 1 ; c . 1799 ; S haw 1 870 , 2 4 ; P ayne 1 893 -5 , 1 78 -83 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 51-2 ; B ayne s , E van s a nd Sm i th 1 907 -9 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I , p 1 .32 , I V , 7 07 -8 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 58 -9 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 4 ; Meaney 1 964 , 13 ; My r e s 1 9 70 , f . 7 .3 ; 1 977 , c o rpu s n o s . 3 087 -88 , f i g s . 2 02 , 2 79 ; E v i son 1 982 ,4 7 , 5 8 ,6 1 ; 1 987 ,3 0 ,3 2 ,3 4 ; B r enan 1 99 1 ,2 06 ; S t ephen s 1 994 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om K . P a r f i t t . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 6 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry mu seum , Ma id s ton e m u seum . P ha se s : I I I I . March 1 792 - Wh i l s t d i gg ing ac e l la r i nt h e g a rden o fh i s c o t tag e , e a s t o ft h e r o ad b e tween B u t t so le a nd E a s t ry C ro s s , aMr . B o t e le rf o und s e ve ra lA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . F i nd si n c luded t wo p o t t e ry v e s se l s , ac l aw b eak e r a nd r im f r agmen t o fa no the r , al a t e R oman g l a s s b ow l , ag i rd le h ange r , ac oppe r a loy b rooch w i th s em i -c i r cu la r h ead , as i lve r s qua re -headed b r ooch , g l a s s a nd a mbe r b ead s , s h ie ld -bo s se s , a nd k n ive s . Mo s t o ft h e b ead s w e r e s a id t oh ave b een f ound a tt h e n eck o f aw oman . T he p o t s a nd g l a s sv e s se l sw e r ek ep tf o rm any y ea r s a tB rook H ou se , E a s t ry , b u ta r e n ow l o s t . O the rs k e le ton s w e r e

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A ppend ix I . s a id t oh ave b een f ound i ng a rden s n ea re r t h e c r o s s , t owa rd s t h e s ou th . T he se g rave s w e re s a id t ob e l y ing " . .ve ry t h ick , i nr ow sp a ra l le lt oe ach o t he r , i n ad i r ec t ion f r om e a s tt ow e s t . . ." . c .1 860 -61- Mo re g rave sw e re f o und b yS i rS amue l C hambe r s a t ` S ou thbank ' , ac o t tage " . .be tween t h e L ynch , t h e C ro s s , a nd B u t t so le a nd c l o se t ot h e m a in r o ad n ea r B rook H ou se . . ." . T he f i nd s i n c luded a pp l ique c a s t b ronze f i sh a nd b i rd m oun t s , 3s h ie ld -bo s se s , 3n a r row , s ho r t , s wo rd s , 2 3 i r on a r row h ead s , c oppe ra l loy b ucke tm oun t s , b ow l e s cu tcheon s a nd f i t t ing s , b uck le s a nd s t ud s , ak ey , r i ng s a nd 4 k n ive s . T he se f i nd sw e r e l a t e rp r e sen ted t o Ma id s tone m u seum b y W .W . C obb o fE a s t ry . 1 987 - A5 t hc en tu ry p o t te ry v e s se l w a sd i scove red b yt h e D ove rA rchaeo log ica l G roup a f t e r at r ee w a s u p roo ted d u r ing t h eh u r r icane . T he p o t i si n Ma id s tone m u seum . S eve ra l o ft h e f i nd s d a te t ot h e 5 t h c en tu ry ( t he c l aw b eake r a nd t h e p o t te ry ) , w h i l s t n one o ft h e o t he r f i nd sn eed b e l a te rt h an t h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . T he s i te s i t so nt h em id t ol owe rp a r to f as ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope , b e tween 1 5 -25m OD . 9 9 . I . E as try House (Ea s try I w e s t ) /Thorn ton ( Ea s try I e as t ) . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 3 0905489 /TR 3 0985485 . NAR : TR 3 5 SW37 . Web s te r 1 972 , 1 56 ; H awke s 1 979 ; V a le 1 989 ; P o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie s S cheme r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 . R eco rded g rave s : 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ea l L ib ra ry , D ove r Mu seum . P ha se s : I V -V . O c tober 1 970 - Aw o rkman f ound ab rooch a nd b ead s w h i l s t d igg ing at r ench f o r an ew w a te r m a in a t E a s t ry Hou se . S on ia H awk e s l e d a n e xcava t ion o ft h e f i nd s po t , a nd as i ng le A ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion w a s d i scove r ed . T he g r ave g ood s , w h ich i n c luded aS cand inav ian b ow -bu t ton b rooch , s ugge s t ad a te f o rt h eb u r ia l ,t h a to f af ema le , o fc i rca 5 70 -600 . th 1 7 S ep tember 2 003 - M r R ye o f' Thorn ton ' , E a s t ry H igh S t ree t , u nea r thed a n i r on s wo rd w h i l s t d i gg ing as oak -away f o r a n e x ten s ion t oh i s b unga low . A . R icha rd son v i s i ted t h e s i te a nd e s tab l i shed t h a ta n Ang lo -Saxon b u r ia l h ad b een d i s tu rbed . R icha rd son e xcava ted t h e g rave o ve rt h e c ou r se o f 1 6t h t o1 7t h S ep tembe rw i th t h e a s s i s tance o fK e i th P a r f i t ta nd m embe r s o ft h e D ove r A rchaeo log ica l G roup . V e ry l i t t le h uman b one s u rv ived , b u t i tw a s c l ea rt h a t t h e i n huma t ion w a s a l igned w e s t -ea s t . T he g rave g ood s i n c luded as wo rd , s p ea r , s h ie ld , c oppe ra loy b uck le a nd k n if e . T he g r ave g ood s s ugge s ted ad a te i nt h em idd le d ecade s o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . T he s i te i sw i th in t h e m odern v i l lage o f E a s t ry , v e ry c l o se t o t h e D ove r -R ichbo rough R oman r oad . T he b u r ia la tE a s t ry H ou se ( TR 3 0905489 ) i ss i tua ted o nt h e b row o f ag en t le n or th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope , a t a bou t 2 5m OD . T he T hor n ton b u r ia l l i e s l e s s t h an 5 0m t ot h e s ou th -ea s t , o n t h e o ppo s i te s i de o ft h e r o ad ; a ga in i ts i t s o n al ow b row s e tb ack s ome m e t re s f r om t h e a c tua l r oad . I ti sd eba tab le w he the rt o c on s ide r t h e se b u r ia ls a s i s o la ted g rave s o r p a r t s o f o ne l a rge r c eme te ry w h ich s t radd le s t h e R oman r oad . G iven t h e i r p rox im i ty a nd s im i la r d a te s t h ey a r e h e r e c on s ide r ed t ob e p a r t o ft h e s ame s i te , a nd a r ed e s igna ted E a s t ry I w e s ta nd E a s t ry I e a s t . 1 00 . I I . Updown . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . S AM K en t2 98 . NGR : TR 3 1155373 . NAR : TR 3 5 SW32 . S t . J o seph 1 974 , p l .xxv i i i , H awke s 1 976a ; Web s te r 1 977 , 2 09 ; A nonymou s 1 978 ; H awke s 1 979 , 9 4 5 ; W i l lson 1 990 , 2 29 -231 ;P h i lp a nd K e l le r2 002 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 00 . R eco rded g r ave s : 7 7 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : R oman P a in ted H ou se , D ove r . P ha se s : V I I IX . 1 973 - A n a e r ia l p ho tog raph r e vea led al a rge A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry i n af i e ld a d jacen t t oS ang rado 's Wood , n ea r U pdown , E a s t ry . B e tween 2 300 g r ave s w e re v i s ib le , a l though i tw a s c l ea r t h a t t h e c eme te ry e x tended t ot h e e a s t a nd w e s t b eyond t h e a r ea o fv i s ib le c r op -ma rk s . S eve ra l g r ave s w e r e s u r rounded b yp enannu la rd i tche s , a nd mo s ta ppea red t ob e a l igned r ough ly w e s t -ea s t . 1 975 - T he s i te w a s s chedu led . 1 976 - C on s t ruc t ion o f aw a te r -p ipe l ine t h rea tened t h e s ou ther np a r to ft h e s i te , a nd ar e scue e xcava t ion w a s moun ted l e db y S on ia H awke s . 3 6 g r ave s w e re e xcava ted , o fw h ich 1 2h ad p enannu la rd i tche s . A f ew h ad m a rke r p o s t h o le s . T he g r ave s c on ta ined m a in ly m en a nd c h i ld ren ( t he l a t te r mo s t ly g i r l s ) . Many w e re c of f ined , a nd m o s t h ad g rave g ood s . T he se i n c luded aF rank i sh p o t te ry b o t t le , as h ie ld b o s s , s pea rhead s , b uck le s , ad i sc b rooch , at h read b ox , s i lve rp i n , g o ld b rac tea te , a nd c o in , a nd a me thy s t a nd g l a s sb ead s . S ep tember 1 989 - T he K en t A rchaeo log ica l R e scue U n i t l a unched ar e scue d i g a head o fc on s t ruc t ion o ft h eE a s t ry B ypa s s ,w h ich c u tt h rough t h em idd le o ft h e c eme te ry f r om n or th t os ou th . 5 4 g r ave sw e re e xcava ted , o fw h ich 1 3 h ad p r ev iou s ly b een d ug b y H awke s . Mo s t w e re a l igned W -E , a nd a tl e a s t 8 h ad p enannu la r d i tche s . P l ough ing m ay h ave r emoved t h e d i tche s o fo t he r s . S ome g r ave s c on ta ined c of in s , a nd s ome h ad g r ave g ood s . F ind s i n c luded 2 s e axe s , s pea r s , k n ive s , b uck le s , a me thy s t , g l a s s

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A ppend ix 1 . a nd p a s t e b ead s , l a tch l if t e r s , s h ea r s , a n i r on p u r se -moun t , ac opp e r a loy w o rk -box , b race l e t , p a i r o f c up r im sa nd ap i n , 2c ow r ie s h e l l s ,p o t te ry v e s se l s , a nd ag l a s sp a lm c up . I ng ene ra l ,t h e se g r ave sw e r e n o ta sw e l l -p rov i s ioned a st h o se e xcava ted i n1 976 . A l lo ft h eb u r ia l sa ppea rt od a t et ot h es e cond h a lf o ft h e7 t h , o re a r ly 8 t hc en tu r ie s . T he s i t el i e so n av e ry g en t le n or th -we s tf a c ing C ha lk s l ope ,a nd e x t end sb e tween 2 0 -35m OD . 1 0 1 . I V . E a s try M i l l . I n huma t ion c eme t e r y . NGR : TR 3 0235448 . NAR : TR 3 5 SW36 . W i l son 1 968 , 1 58 ; H awk e s 1 979 ,7 2 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 7 . R eco rded g r ave s : 7 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 967 - 4i n huma t ion s w e r e d i scove red i nt h e f a ce o f ac ha lk p i t i nt h e g a rden o f ah ou se n ea r E a s t ry M i l l , a bou t 8 00m WS W o fE a s t ry C ro s s . O ne o ft h e g r ave s , o r ien ta t ed NE -S W , c on ta ined as ma l l k n if e . 3m o re i n huma t ion s , a l w i thou tg r av e -good s , b u t s im i la r ly o r ien ta t ed , w e r e f ound a bou t9 5m t o t h es ou th . T he s i t ei so n ag en t le n o r th -ea s tf a c ing C ha lk s l ope ,b e tween 3 0 -40m OD . V . H ighborough H i l l . P robab le i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : T R3 13559 ( a pp rox . ) . NAR : N one . P o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie sS cheme r e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P r iva te c o l lec t ion s . P ha se s : I -V . C irca 1 987 -1993 - D en S pea r s , a n a ma t eu r m e ta l d e tec to r i s t , l o ca t ed t h r ee f r agmen t s o f d if e r en t s qua r e -h eaded b rooche s , a nd p a r t s o f aK en t i sh d i sc b rooch , o n a nd a r ound t h e s l ope s o fH ighbo rough H i l l , al ow r i se l y ing b e tween E a s t ry a nd Woodne sbo rough . 1 997 -2002 - Membe r s o ft h e Wh i t e C l if f s Me ta l D e t ec t ing C lub r e co rded t wo 6 `h c en tu ry b u ck le s ,t wo b uck le t o ngue s , as ma l ll o ng b rooch a nd p a r to fp l a t ed d i sc b rooch f r om a r ound t h eh i l l . I ts e em sp robab le t h a ta tl e a s ts om eo ft h e se f i nd sa r ed e r ived f r om a nA ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry o fl a t e 56 1 t oe a r ly 7t h c en tu ry d a te t h a th a sb een d i s tu rbed b yp l ough ing . 1 02 . V I . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 3 155 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? A g e r 1 989 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : N o tk nown . P ha se s : I . 1 987 - Af r agmen t o f as uppo r t ing -a rm b r ooch w a s b r ough t t ot h e B r i t i sh Mu seum f o r a n o p in ion . I t w a ss a id t oh ave b een f o und o nt h en o r th o rn o r th -ea s ts i de o fE a s t ry o nt h e" . .oppo s i te s i de o ft h e r o ad f r om u n spec if ied e xcava t ion s ." N o f u r the r d e ta i l s o fi t s d i scove ry a r e k nown . T he b rooch i so fa n u nu sua lt y pe ,b u tw a sp robab ly m anuf a c tu r ed i nn or th -we s tG e rmany c .4 50 -475 . E vn sf ord . 1 0 3 . I .I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5 30664 /53046622 . NAR : TQ 5 6 NW 19 /56 NW4 . S m i th 1 860 , 3 6 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; H ogg 1 94 1 , 2 6 ; Mean ey 1 964 , 18 ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 6 ; H awk e s A r ch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ? R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . P ha se s : ? c .1 860 - T he d i gg ing o f ar a i lway c u t t ing n ea rE yn sf o rd w a ss a id t oh ave r e vea led A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . C .R . S m i th s aw as h ie ld -bo s s f r om t h e s i t e , a nd m en t ioned t h a t " . .weapon s a nd o rnamen t s [ a nd ] a n e nam e l led b ow l . . ." w e re t a k en t oD a r tf o rd . H oweve r , t h i s m ay h av eb een ad up l ica t ion o fr e f e r ence st o t h eL u l l ing s tone f i nd s . c .1 950 's - A l len G rove r e po r ted ab u r ia la t TQ 5 3046622 t ot h eO S ,b u tn o f u r the rd e ta i l sa r ek nown . T he NGR 's g i ven p l a ce t h e s i t e o n as ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope o f ac oombe w h ich r u n s d own t owa rd st h e D a ren tv a l ley ,a bou t7 50m t ot h ee a s t . OD i sb e tw een 6 5 -75m . 1 04 . I . L u l l ing s tone . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5 33646 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : ? S m i th 1 860 , 3 6 , 4 2 , p l . I ; I r e land 1 860 ; A l len 1 898 , 4 1-2 ;

S m i th 1 908a , 3 78 ;

H ogg 1 94 1 , 2 6 ;

Meaney 1 964 , 1 26 ; B r enan 1 99 1 ,2 44 -6 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 6 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : V ? A pr i l 1 860 - C on t ra c to r s w o rk ing o n t h e c on s t ru c t ion o ft h e r a i lway t h rough t h e D a ren t V a l ley w e r e g i ven t h e u se o f af i e ld o nt h e e s ta t e o fS i r P e r cyva l l H a r t -Dyk e . Wh i l s t d i gg ing f o r b r ick ea r th i nt h i s f i e ld , t h ey d i scove r ed A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s a t ad ep th o fb e tw een 6 0 -90cm b e low t h e g round s u rf a ce .

3 2

A ppend ix 1 . A no rnamen ted c oppe ra l loy b ow lw a s f ound , w h ich w a s e ven tua l ly r e cove red f r om t h e w o rkmen b y S i r P e rcyva l l . O the r o b jec t s s a id t oh ave b een f o und a tt h e s ame t ime i n c luded a s h ie ld -bo s s a nd s ome f r agmen t so fi r on a nd p o t te ry . T he e xac tf i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . 1 05 . I I . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 5 42658 /54236578 . NAR : TQ 5 6 NW33 . D a r tf o rd mu seum r e co rd s ; H awke s 1 963b ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; H a rke r 1 971-2 , 1 63 -7 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 5 0 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 9 . P ha se s : X ? 1 940 - T h ree s ke le ton s w e r e f ound i nt h e g a rden o fD a ren th C o t tage , w hen a n a i r r a id s he l te r w a s d ug . T he b od ie sw e re a l igned W -E , a nd h ad n o g r ave g ood s . 1 971- T he S p r inghead g roup o ft h e K en t A rchaeo log ica l R e scue U n i t i n ve s t iga ted t h e d i scove ry o fa h uman s ku l l i nt h e g round s o fC a s t le C o t tage , a bou t 4 0m w e s t o ft h e w a l l o f E yn sf o rd C a s t le . A n e xcava t ion r e vea led 2 9 i n huma t ion s u nde r ly ing t h e f o unda t ion s o f as t one b u i ld ing . I tw a s e s t ima ted f r om t h ea r ea s l ef tu nexcava ted t h a tt h e re m u s th ave b een am in imum o f5 0b u r ia ls . A l l a ge g roup s w e re p r e sen t , f r om i n f an t s t h rough t oa du l t s . A l l g rave s e xcep t t h o se o f i n f an t s w e re a l igned r ough ly W-E . Many o f t h e g rave s i n te r -cu t , i n d ica t ing t h a t b u r ia l h ad t a ken p l ace o ve r a p ro longed p e r iod i n ar e la t ive ly c onf ined a r ea . T he m a jo r i ty o fs ke le ton s h ad t h e i r h ead s s uppor ted b y 2 3 l a rge f l in t s , a nd s ma l le rf l in t s h ad b een u s ed t oc ove rt h e b od ie s . T he re w a s n o e v idence o fc off in s o rs h roud s , a nd n og rave g ood s , a pa r t f r om w ha t a ppea red t ob e ac l ay s p ind le -who r l n ea r t h e l e f t h and o f af ema le . T he b u i ld ing t h a t o ve r lay t h e c eme te ry a ppea r ed t od a te f r om t h e 1 3 th c en tu ry , b u t i ta ppea red t h a t i t h ad b een b u i l t w i thou t a ny a wa r ene s s t h a t t h e g r ave s l a y b enea th . I nb a lance , i ts e em s p robab le t h a t t h i sw a s aCh r i s t ian c eme te ry o ft h e l a te S axon a nd /o re a r ly N orman p e r iod s . T he s i te l i e sa tt h eb a se o f an or th -we s t f a c ing s l ope , o n t h e v a l ley b o t tom j u s te a s to ft h e D a ren t . OD i s a pp rox ima te ly 4 0m . 1 06 . I V . T o l l B ar C o t tag e . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TQ 5 3726566 . NAR : TQ 5 6 NW26 . H awke s 1 963b ; D a r tf o rd m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : I .R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 940 - H uman r ema in s w e re f o und d u r ing e xcava t ion s f o r a n a i r r a id s he l te r a tT o l l B a r C o t tage , E yn sf o rd . T hey w e re f o und w i th al a rge , r ough ly w o rked f l i n t , b u tw e re c on s ide red p o s s ib ly S axon . T he s i te i sa tt h e b a se o f as ou th -f ac ing s l ope , o n t h e v a l ley b o t tom ,j u s t n o r th o f ab end i nt h e D a ren t . OD i sa bou t4 0m . E ynsf ord /Farn ingham . 1 07 . I .D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TQ 5 47663 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : ? H awke sA rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 3 . R eco rded g rave s : I .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 901 - A nu naccompan ied s ke le ton w a s f ound a t ad ep th o f0 . 92m i nt h e g round s o f 'C leve land s ' . H awke sa l so n o te st h a ts ke le ton sw e re f ound a tL ong . 1 3 '43" , L a t . 5 1° , 2 2 '39" . T he re w e re a ppa ren t ly n og r ave g ood s w i th a ny o ft h e se b u r ia ls . E y thorne . 1 08 . I .I nhuma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TR 2 849 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 2 4 NE 17 . Ma s t e r s a nd F r iend 1 828 , 2 4 ; Ma id s tone m u seum g aze t tee r ; Meaney 1 964 , 18 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 76 ; H awke sA rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 828 - W .H . Weeke s p r e sen ted an umbe r o fo b jec t s d ug u p a tE y tho rne t oC an te rbu ry mu seum . T hey c on s i s ted o f 3s pea rhead s , p a r t o f ak n if e , as h ie ld -bo s s , a nd 2 p a r t s o f as h ie ld -bo s s . A l though t h e f i nd s w e re d e sc r ibed a sR oman , t h ey w e re c l ea r ly A ng lo -Saxon . T he f i nd s a r e n o t c u r ren t ly t r aceab le , a nd t h e f i nd s po t i s n o t k nown . H awke s s u spec ted t h a t t h e se f i nd s a c tua l ly c ame f r om S i be r t swo lcVBa rf r i s ton . T he o b jec t sp robab ly r e p re sen ted t h e c on ten t s o fo ne t ot h ree g rave s . F arn in2ham . 1 09 . I . Char ton Manor . I nhuma t ion c eme te ry .

3

A ppend ix 1 . NGR : TQ 5 5666654 /55626649 /55786633 . NAR : TQ 5 6 NE 11 . K en t i sh T ime s2 9 /3 / 1940 ; 5 / 4 / 1940 ; H ogg 1 94 1 , 2 6 ; R igo ld 1 960 ; Meaney 1 964 , 18 ; My r e s 1 969 , f . 8 ; 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 1 056 , f .3 7 ; S wan ton 1 973 , 1 57 ; 1 974 , 5 0 ; P a rke 1 980 , 3 18 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 , 2 51 ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 6 ; D a r tf o rd L ib ra ry r e co rd s ; D a r tf o rd mu seum r e co rd s ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; H awke sA rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 0 . R eco rded g rave s : 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D a r tf o rd mu seum , Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : V I? -V I I I . 1 870 's - R igo ld l i s ted s ome s c ea t ta s i n Ma id s tone mu seum a sh av ing b een f ound a tC ha r ton Mano r i n t h e 1 870 's . T hey a r e P r ima ry s c ea t s ( c . AD 6 85 -700 ) , b u t a r e i n aw o rn c ond i t ion , a nd h ave b een p i e rced f o rs u spen s ion . 1 890 - T he re w a s" . .men t ion o ff i nd s f r om [ Cha r ton Mano r ] i n1 890 . . ." , b u t i ft r ue t h e se f i nd s a r e n ow l o s t . c . 1 920 - T he K en t i sh T ime s o f 2 9 /3 / 1940 n o t e s t h a t i tw a s " . . .20 y ea r s a go t ha t t r ace s o f t h e c eme te ry . . .[ a tC ha r ton Mano r ] . . .we r ef i r s tb rough tt ol i gh t . . ." . N ovember 1 939 - D u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f ap o ta to c l amp b y e mp loyee s o fM r . A .S . C rowhu r s t , t h e t e nan to fC ha r ton Mano rF a rm , 7g r ave sw e re r e vea led , b u tn o te xcava ted . March -Apr i l 1 940 - E . G reenf ie ld l e d t h e e xcava t ion o ff ou r g rave s ( g rave s 1 4 ) .

I n a dd i t ion t ot h e

f i nd s f r om t h e se ( as h ie ld , s pea ra nd t h ree k n ive s ) , o t he ro b jec t st hough tt oh ave b een f ound a tt h is t ime i n c luded ag l obu la rp o t , a no the rs pea rhead , af r anc i sca , a nd b e l t -f i t t ing s . 1 952 - H awke sn o te s ab u r ia la t TQ 56 16647 , b u tt h i sm ay b e ad up l ica te r e f e rence t og rave 5b e low . 1 954 - A no the rb u r ia l( g rave 5 )w a s f ound w hen ag a te -po s tw a s b e ing p u ti na t TQ 5 5626649 . P re -1997 - A e r ia l p ho tog raph s r e vea led c r op -ma rk s a t TQ 5 5786633 , t o t h e e a s t o f t h e e a r l ie r d i scove r ie s . A ng lo -Saxon g rave s , s ome w i th r i ng d i tche s , w e re v i s ib le a l ong w i th p i t s a nd t wo l i nea r f e a tu re s . T he g rave g ood sa r ea l ld a teab le t ot h e7 t hc en tu ry . T h i s c eme te ry o ccup ie st h em id s lope o f aC ha lk s pu ro ft h e N o r th D own s . T he g round s l ope s s t eep ly t owa rd st h en o r th -we s t ,a nd t h es i te o ve r look st h eD a ren tv a l ley . OD i sb e tween 8 0 -100m . F aver sham . 10 . I . Churchyard . C hu rchya rd . NGR : TR 0 1816153 . NAR : TR 0 6 SW 18 . Sm i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; Meaney 1 964 , 18 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 .R eco rded g rave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 853 - Ag r een g l a s s c up , o fA ng lo -Saxon t y pe , w a s f ound w i th t h e f r on ta l p a r t o f ah uman c r an ium w hen ag rave w a sb e ing d ug i nF ave r sham c hu rchya rd . T he w he reabou t so ft h ev e s se l a r en o tk nown . T he s i te i so n l ow ly ing g round n ea r F ave r sham C reek . T he l a nd s l ope s g en t ly t owa rd s t h e w e s t . T he s ub so i li sb r ickea r th , a nd OD i sb e tween 5 I0m . 11 . I . K ing 's F ie ld . I nhuma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 0 1226092 . NAR : TR 0 6 SW 16 . Sm i th 1 858 ,4 2 -9 ; GMLA I ( f rom 1 858 a nd 1 866 ) , 1 86 -7 ; A nonymou s 1 859 , x l i i ; G ibb s 1 859 ,2 22 -3 ; Sm i th 1 860 , p l .v ; 1 868 , 1 37 -43 ; 1 871 ; R o l le s ton 1 868 , 4 32n .b , 4 85 , p l .xxv . i ; H a igh 1 872 , 2 62 ; B edo 1 872 -3 , 1 41 ; B ren t 1 875 , 3 79 -81 ; P ayne 1 89 1-3 , 3 12 -4 ; P ayne 1 893 , 14 -8 ; P ayne 1 895 , l i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 70 -3 , 3 85 ; 1 908c , 7 8 -9 ; 1 923 , 3 9 -52 ; L eed s 1 9 12 , 1 98 ; B rown 1 915 , I V , 7 33-7 ; C onway 1 918 , 8 4 -5 ; Wh i t ing 1 927 , 3 5 ; J e s sup 1 930 , 2 36 -7 ; P i ne 1 957 ; D unn ing a nd E v i son 1 961 , 1 49 ; Meaney 1 964 , 18 -9 ; My re s 1 969 , 2 26 -7 ; 1 977 , c o rpu s n os . 2 269 , 2 634 , f i g s . 2 79 , 3 03 ; A ven t 1 973 ; 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 4 -7 , 1 4 , 3 9 -40 , 4 4 , 4 8 -52 , 5 9 , 6 1 , 6 3 -7 , 7 5 -9 , 8 7 -91 , 9 5 , 1 00 , 1 09 13 , 15 -8 , 1 27 -8 , 1 31 , 1 33 , 1 37 , 1 45 -8 , 1 55 , 1 58 -60 , 1 65 , 1 69 -70 , 1 80 1 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 , 2 51 ; B r enan 1 991 ,2 09 14 ; MacG rego ra nd B o l ick 1 993 , 1 9 , 4 9 , 6 9 , 7 0 -5 , 7 7 -9 , 18 -9 , 1 55 , 1 57 -60 , 1 62 , 1 64 , 1 67 , 1 84 , 1 89 , 1 93 -8 ,2 03 -6 ,2 11 , 2 14 -5 ,2 4 1-2 ,2 60 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : ? R eco rded g r ave s :

3 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s :

B r i t i sh Mu seum , C amb r idge

U n ive r s i ty ,A s luno lean , C an te rbu ry , Ma id s tone , R oche s te r , B i rm ingham , F a rnham , P i t t -R ive r s , V ic to r ia a nd A lbe r t , BM ( Na tu ra lH i s to ry ) . P ha se s : I ? -V I I I? c .1 858 - A n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry w a s d i scove red d u r ing t h e m ak ing o f ar a i lway c u t t ing . g rave g ood s w e re o b ta ined f r om t h e r a i l w o rke r s b y W i l l iam G ibb s , a n a n t iqua r ian .

Many

S ome R oman

c r ema t ion sw e re a l so f ound . 1 860 - F u r the ro b jec t sf r om t h ec eme te ry w e re i l u s t ra ted b yC .R . Sm i th . 1 866 - G ibb s o b ta ined mo re o b jec t s f r om t h e s i te , w he re r a i lway c on s t ruc t ion a nd b r ick -ea r th d i gg ing w a sc on t inu ing t or evea lg rave s .

3 4

A ppend ix 1 . P re -1867 - Ap o t te ry v e s se l i nQ ueen 's C o l lege l i b ra ry , O xf o rd , m ay h ave c ome f r om K ing 's F i e ld . 1 868 - F u r the rf i nd sw e re r e co rded b yC .R . Sm i th . c .1 874 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave w a s f ound a d jacen tt o aR oman c r ema t ion . J ohn B ren t v i s i ted t h e s i te af ew h ou r s l a te r , a nd r e co rded t h ec on ten t so ft h eg r ave ( g rave 1 ) . F ebruary 1 874 - Two f u r the r g r ave s w e re o pened b y w o rkmen i nK ing 's F i e ld . B ren t o b ta ined t h e o b jec t s f r om g rave 2 ,a nd w a s p r e sen t a tt h ee xcava t ion o fg r ave 3 . 1 895 - P ayne r e co rded t h a t aM r . D .F . K enna rd o f L in ton h ad a qu i red a l a rge c o l lec t ion o fA ng lo S axon g rave g ood s " . . in t h e l a s t t h ree y ea r s . . ." . T he se w e re s a id t o h ave c ome f r om " . .Fave r sham D i s t r ic t . . ." , s o i ti sn o t c l ea r i fa l o ra ny w e re f r om K ing 's F i e ld . P ayne a l so n o ted t h a t t h e f i e ld h ad a lmo s t b een c l ea red o f B r ick -ea r th , a nd t h a t t h e o wne r s , W .E . a nd J .R igden h ad o b ta ined a l a rge n umbe ro fA ng lo -Saxon g r ave g ood s i nt h ep a s t f ew y ea r s . T he se s e em t oh ave b een t h e l a s t f i nd s f r om t h es i te . T hey a ppa ren t ly i n c luded as c ea t , n ow l o s t , o fu nknown t y pe . 1 957 - Wa rd g ave am in ia tu re s i lve rs h ie ld -ornamen t f r om t h e s i te t o Ma id s tone m u seum . T he c o l lec t ion o ff i nd s a t t r ibu ted t ot h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tK ing 's F i e ld a moun t s t ot h e r i che s t g roup o fa ny f r om K en t , a nd i ft h ey w e re a l f r om t h a t s i te t h ey w ou ld m ake K ing 's F i e ld o ne o ft h e l a rge s t , a nd c e r ta in ly t h e w ea l th ie s t , o ft h e K en t i sh c eme te r ie s . I ti su nf or tuna te t h a t a pa r t f r om t h e t h ree g rave s d e sc r ibed b y B ren t , n o a t temp t w a s m ade a tr e co rd ing t h e s i te b eyond t h e c o l lec t ion o f o b jec t s . T hu s i ti sn o ta lway sc l ea rt h a to b jec t s d e f in i te ly c ame f r om K ing 's F i e ld ; m any , s uch a st h o se i n K enna rd 's c o l lec t ion , w e re s imp ly d e sc r ibed a s " . .f rom F ave r sham . . ." , a nd h ave m e re ly b een a s sumed t oh ave b een f r om K ing 's F i e ld . H oweve r , t h e re i s ac on s is tency a bou t t h e c o l lec t ion w h ich w ou ld n o t b e e xpec ted i ft h e f i nd s d i d n o t c ome p r ima r i ly f r om o ne s i te . T he re i s al a rge g roup o f g a rne t se t d i sc , p l a ted d i sc , a nd c ompo s i te b rooche s ( ove r aq ua r te r o ft h e t o ta l f ound a nywhe re ) , b u t n one o ft h e e a r l ie s t t ype o fd i sc b rooche s ( Aven t 's c l a s s 2 . 1 , a n o t herw i se c ommon c l a s s ) . S im i la r ly , a mong s tt h e 7 1 g l a s s v e s se l s k nown o rt h ough t t oh ave c ome f r om t h e s i te , 5 7 d a te f r om t h e l a te 6 t h o r 7 t h c en tu r ie s ( i nc lud ing 4 3 s qua tj a r s ) , w h i ls t o n ly 6 d a te f r om t h e e a r ly 6 t h o r e a r l ie r . Af ew f i nd s ( Quo i tB rooch S ty le m a te r ia l , c r uc if orm b rooche s , a nd 3s a uce r b rooche s ) d o d a te t ot h e 5t h o re a r ly 6t h c en tu r ie sh oweve r . T he c eme te ry l a y o n l ow g r ound n ea r F ave r sham C reek . T he g round s l oped g en t ly t owa rd s t h e n o r th , OD b e tween 1 5 -20m . T he s ub so i l w a s b r ickea r th . T he K ing 's F i e ld c ove red b e tween 2 0 -30 a c re s . I t w a s c a l led ' K ing 's F i e ld ' a tl e a s t a se a r ly a s 1 490 , w hen i tw a s r e co rded i n aw i l l . T he s i te h a s n ow b een t o ta l ly d e s t royed b yt h er a i lway , b r ickear th e x t rac t ion a nd h ou s ing . F o lke s tone . 12 . I .T he B ay le . D oub tf u l c r ema t ion / inhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 2 3103595 /23053594 . NAR : TR 2 3 NW 19 . W r igh t 1 850 -3b , 1 75 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 64 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 6 96 -70 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 20 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 77 ; K e l le r 1 991 ; R icha rd son 1 994 , 1 33 ; R icha rd son 1 995 , 2 11-2 , 2 14 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : F o lke s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? 1 850 - Wo rkmen d igg ing b u i ld ing f ounda t ion s " . . .on t h e b row o ft h e h i l l w h ich a r i se s i mmed ia te ly o ve rt h e P av i l l ion H o te l i nF o lke s tone ( t he B ay le ) . . ." , d i scove red ap o t te ry v e s se l f i l led w i th c a lc ined b one s , a nd al a rge i r on s pea rhead o rp a r to f as wo rd . T he u r n w a s b roken b yt h e w o rkmen . I tw a s s a id b y Wr igh t t o b e " i den t ica l" t o p o t te ry f r om A ng lo -Saxon c eme te r ie s i nN or thamp ton sh i r e a nd E a s t A ng l ia . T he f i nd s w e re e xh ib i ted t ot h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ies w i thou t t h e i r d a t ing a s A ng lo -Saxon b e ing c ha l lenged . T he P av i l ion H o te l i sj u s t b e low t h e B ay le o n i t s s ou th s l ope ; t h e f i nd w a s m ade o n t h eb row o ft h eh i l ld i rec t ly o ve r look ing i t . S uch al o ca t ion w ou ld f i tw e l l w i th t h e k nown h i s to ry o ft h e B ay le ;t h e s uppo sed s i te o ft h e 7 t hc en tu ry n unne ry w a s i nt h i s d i rec t ion , n ow d e s t royed b y l a nd s l ip s . 1 907 - Wo rkmen d i scove red s eve ra l g r ave s o u t s ide t h e B r i t ish L ion p ub l ic h ou se , o n t h e B ay le , F o lke s tone . A l though t h e re w e re n og r ave g ood s , t h ey w e re t h ough tt ob ep o s s ib ly o fS axon d a te . 1 979 - Af r agmen t o f h uman s ku l l , f ound o n t h e B ay le b y N .D . K ing , w a s p r e sen ted t o F o lke s tone mu seum . 1 989 - Ah uman s ku l l w a s f ound i n am ed ieva l p i t d u r ing e xcava t ion s b y t h e K en t A rchaeo log ica l R e scue U n i t . I tw a s s ugge s ted t h a tt h i sp robab ly c ame f r om ad i s tu rbed b u r ia l . T he 2 0t h c en tu ry d i scove r ie s w e re a l w i th in a bou t4 0 m e t re s o fe ach -o the r . T he B ay le i st h e s i te o fS t . E an swy th 's N unne ry , f ounded i nt h e 7 t h c en tu ry . OD i sa bou t 5 0m . T he g eo logy i sF o lke s tone B ed s a nd B r ick -ea r th . 13 . I . Cherry Garden H i l l . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te , s e conda ry i nb a r row . S AM K en t2 5472 . NGR : TR 2 0833801 . NAR : TR 2 3 NW25 .

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A ppend ix 1 . W r igh t 1 850 -3b , 1 75 ; Sm i th 1 852 , 2 19 , p l . l i i .7 ; J e f f r e son 1 876 , x l v i i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 64 ; S t ebb ing 1 943b ; C ave 1 943a ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 20 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 77 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 10 1 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s :N o tk nown . P ha se s : ? c . 1849 - C .R . Sm i th e xam ined s ome b a r row s o n ah i l l o ve r look ing F o lke s tone . No t ing t h a tt h e s i de o f o ne o ft h e b a r row s h ad b een c u t i n to , h e f o und aF r ank i sh w hee l th rown j ug , a l ong w i th " . . .a f ow l 's s pu ra nd s ome b one s o ft h e f oo t " . T he f i nd s w e r e d epo s i t ed i nR o lf e 's c o l lec t ion a tS andw ich , w h ich h a ss i n ce b een d i spe r sed . I ts e em sl i ke ly t h a tt h i sf i nd w a sf r om as e conda ry i n huma t ion i nt h es i d eo fa B ronz e A ge b a r row . Sm i th s a id t h a t t h e b a r row s w e r e w i th in t h e e a r thwo rk s o n ' Cae sa r 's C amp ' , a N o rman r i ng -f o r t p rope r ly c a l led C a s t le H i l l . H ow eve r , Wr igh t s a id t h a t t h e f i nd w a s o n " . . .ano the r h i l l ,t ot h ew e s to fC a e sa r 's C amp , a nd s e pa ra ted f r om i to n ly b y as ma l lr a v ine o rg o rge . . ." . T h i sh i l l , k nown a sC h e r ry G a rden H i l l , w a s c r owned b y ab a r row , w h ich h ad b een n ea r ly l e ve l led . G iven t h e k nown b a r row o nC he r ry G a rden h i l l , i ti su sua l ly a c cep ted t h a tt h ef i nd w a sm ade t h e re . P re -1874 - J e f f r e son n o ted , w h i l s td i scu s s ing C a s t le H i l l ,t h a t" . .On t h e s i de o ft h e a d jo in ing h i l lh av e b een f ound u ndoub ted r ema in so fc of i n sc on ta in ing h uman b one s ,a nd w i th t h em a nu rn ,w h ich b e long s t ot h e B r i t i sh R oman p e r iod . . ." . T he " ad jo in ing h i l l" a lmo s t c e r ta in ly r e f e r s t o C he r ry G a rd en H i l l . A l though t h e p o t w i th t h em w a s t h ough t t ob e R oman , s ome a tl e a s t o ft h e se b u r ia l s m ay h ave b een A ng lo -Saxon . 1 940 - D u r ing t h e e r ec t ion o f ap i l lbox o n t h e b a r row o n C he r ry G a rden H i l l , 2b u r ia l s a nd s ome o b jec t sw e r ed i scove red . T he f i r s tg r ave w a sa ppa r en t ly t h ep r ima ry i n te rmen t . I tc on ta ined ac r ou ched b ody , p r obab ly m a le , a l igned E -W . T he r e w a s as ma l l p i ece o fi r on s tone a ti t s f e e t . T he t e e th a nd s h ape o f t h e f a ce w e re s a id t o s ugge s t ap r eh i s to r ic d a t e . T he s e cond g r ave ( g rave 1 ) , w a s a l so c on s ide r ed b y S t ebb ing a nd C av et oh ave b een p r eh i s to r ic , b u tw a s m o re l i ke ly A ng lo -Saxon . I tw a s a s e conda ry i n te rmen t i nt h e b a r row , a nd i ti sp o s s ib le t h a tt h ej ug f o und b y Sm i th may h ave c ome f r om t h i sg r ave . C he r ry G a rden H i l li s aL owe rC ha lk s pu ro ft h eN o r th D own s , s i tua ted t ot h en o r th -we s to fF o lk e s tone . OD i sb e tween 1 25 -30m . E v idence o f am id - t ol a t e -Saxon s e t t lemen t s i te h a sb een d i scove r ed f u r the r d own t h eh i l la bou t 1 80 m e t re st ot h es ou th -w e s t . 14 . I I . D over H i l l . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 2 3083760 . NAR : TR 2 3 NW7 /23 NW96 . K en t i sh G az e t te 2 5 /5 / 18 19 ; Wr igh t 1 845 ,2 02 ; 1 852 ,4 13 ; Sm i th 1 849a , 1 59 ; H i l l s 1 856 ,2 95 ; P ayne 1 889a , 2 05 ; P ayne 1 893 , 1 99 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; A nonymou s 1 909 , l x x iv ; P a r son s 1 9 11 , 1 0 1-29 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I I , 1 42 , I V ,7 09 11 ; J e s sup a nd T ay lo r 1 932 , 1 54 ; L eed s 1 936 , p 1 .32 , 5 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 20 1 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 9 2 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 4 60 , f .2 79 ; E v i son 1 979 , 6 7 , 13 ; R icha rd son 1 994 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,7 0 174 ,2 04 -5 ; F o lke s tone m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 5 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : F o lke s tone mu seum , C h ich e s te r m u seum? , BM ( Na tH i s t ) . P ha se s : I I? -V . 1 819 - Wh i l s t l owe r ing t h e F o lk e s tone -Dove r r o ad w he r e i tp a s sed u p D ove r H i l l , " nume rou s s k e le ton s" w e re f ound , " abou t t wo f e e t b e low t h e s u rf a ce" . T he o n ly f i nd s n o ted w e r e a n i r on s p ea rhead a nd at wo -edg ed s wo rd . P re -1849 - A r a d ia ted b rooch w a s f o und " nea r t h e t ur np ik e r o ad a t F o lke s tone H i l l , b e tween F o lke s tone a nd D ove r " . I tw a s i nC h ich e s te rm u seum i n1 8 53 , a nd t h et h en c u ra to r , W . H i l l s ,r e co rded t h a t i tw a s o fb ronze g i l t , a nd h ad b een f o und " . .w i th ah uman s k e le ton , r ema in s o fa rmou ra nd o t he r o b jec t s . . ." . 1 889 - Ac ha lk q ua r ry w a s o pened o n D ove r H i l l , a nd 9 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e re f o und . F i nd s i n c luded s p ea rhead s , b ead s a nd ab uck le . T he f i nd s w e r e p l a ced i nD ove r mu seum , w he r e t h ey w e r e d e s t roy ed b y ab omb d u r ing t h es e cond w o r ld w a r . B e tween 1 889 a nd 1 906 - P a r son sr e co rded " many t a le s o fs k e le ton sb e ing d ug u p i np a s td ay sb yt h e c ha lk w o rk e r s" . 1 906 -7 - G rave sw e r e d i scove red w h i l s tt h e r o ad u p D ove rH i l l w a s b e ing w idened , a nd a ne x cava t ion w a s c a r r ied o u t b y t h e B o rough E ng inee r , M r . A .E . N icho l s . 3 6 g r ave s w e r e r e co rded . S i t e n o t e s , i n c lud ing i n d iv idua l g r ave p ho tog raph s , as i t e p l an , a nd al i s to ft h e c on ten t s o fg r ave s , w e r e p l aced i n F o lk e s tone m u seum , a l ong w i th g r ave 4 ,w h ich w a s l i f ted o u t c omp le te , a nd t h e f i nd s . T he s k e le ta l m a te r ia lf r om t h eo t he rg r ave sw a sr e bu r ied o nt h es i t e . 1 910 - P a r son s r e -excava ted t h e b one s f r om t h e 1 907 e xcava t ion , t h ough h e c ou ld n o t s a lvag e m any , a nd e xcava ted 4n ew g r ave s( g rav e s3 7 -40 ) . 1 964 - T he r o ad w a sw idened a ga in ,b u tn of u r the rd i scov e r ie sw e r em ade . T he c eme te ry a ppea r s t oh ave b een i nu s e d u r ing t h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 6 t h , a nd f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 7 t h , c en tu r ie s . I ti ss i t ed o n ap rom inence o ft h e N o r th D own s s c a rp , b e tween a bou t 1 25 135m OD , a nd

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A ppend ix 1 . c ommand sv i ew so ve rF o lk e s tone t ot h es ou th a nd w e s t , a nd t h e E ng l i sh C hanne lt ot h e s ou th a nd e a s t . T he b ed rock i sM idd le C ha lk . 15 . I V . Mar te l lo D a iry F arm ( Aka V a l ian tS a i lor ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TR 2 4 153788 . NAR : TR 2 3 NW88 . Web s t e r 1 972 , 1 57 ; A v en t 1 975 ,c o rpu sn o . 7 1 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om R .C ro s s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : I .R eco rd ed g r av e s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P r iva te c o l lec t ion . P ha se s :V . 1 971 - Ad i sc b rooch a nd s e to fb ead s , s a id t oh ave b een f o und t og e the r ,w e r es o ld a tS o theby 's . T hey w e r er e co rded a sc om ing f r om Ma r t e l l° D a i ry F a rm , F o lk e s tone . T h i s f a rm u s ed t ob e s i tua t ed n ex tt o t h e V a l ian t S a i lo r p ub l ic h ou se , a t t h e t o p o f D ove r H i l l , a nd R icha rd C ro s s o f t h e C an t e rbu ry A r cha eo log ica lT ru s ts a y st h a tt h eg r ave w a sf o und i nt h ey a rd b eh ind t h eV a l ian tS a i lo r . 1 998 - Mo r e A ng lo -Saxon f i nd s w e r e r e po r t ed o n t h e o ppo s i te s i de o ft h e D ove r R oad f r om t h e V a l ian tS a i lo r ,d u r ing p i pe lay ing o pe ra t ion s . T he s i t e i ss i tua ted o nt h er i dg e a bove t h eN o r th D own s s c a rp , a bou t 1 00m f r om t h e c oa s ta l c l if e dge . T he b ed rock h e r ei sU ppe rC ha lk ,c apped b ys t i f fr e dc l ay -w i th f l in t s . OD i sa pp rox ima te ly 1 65m . 16 . V . F o l ly R oad . D oub tf u li n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 2 356367 1 . NAR : TR 2 3 NW6 . J enk in s 1 873 ,4 79 ; J enk in s 1 876 , 1 74 ; T ay lo r 1 9 32 , 14 -5 ; R igo ld 1 972 , 3 2 ; R icha rd son 1 994 , 1 35 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 12 ; F o lk e s tone m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 5 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : N one . P ha se s : ? 1 869 - Ap o s s ib le R oman b u i ld ing w a s f o und i nF o l ly R oad / Wa r r en R oad , i nt h e E a s t C l if fa r ea o f F o lk e s tone . 5b u r ia l sw e r e f o und c u t i n to t h ew a l l s o ft h eb u i ld ing . 1a tl e a s th ad ac off in . T hey w e r e d e sc r ibed a s " p robab ly 7 t h o r 8 t h c en tu ry " . T he c eme t e ry o n D ove r H i l l i sa bou t 9 00 m e t r e s t ot h e n o r th . OD a tF o l ly R oad i sa bou t3 0m , a nd t h es i t ei so ng au l tc l ay . G i l l ingham . 17 . I .I nhuma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 7 9 156668 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NE30 . J e s sup 1 934 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 2 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : G i l l ingham mu seum . P ha se s : ? 1 933 - D u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o ft h e C en t ra l H o t e l , G i l l ingham , a" f a i r ly c omp le te" h uman s k e le ton w a s d i scove r ed a t ad ep th o fa bou t 0 . 46m b e low g r ound . T he p o l ice a sked R .F . J e s sup t oi n ve s t iga t e , a nd h e r e cove r ed t h e b one s , a l ong w i th ab r oken p o t t e ry v e s se l o fS axon t y pe . T he s i te w a s i n af i e ld b e tw een Wood land s R oad a nd G rang e R oad . T he g r ound s l ope s t owa rd s t h e n o r th -ea s t , a nd OD i s b e tw een 7 5 -80m . 18 . I . O t terham C reek . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 8 28467 15 . NAR : TQ 8 6 NW2 1 . E v i son 1 956 , 11 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 39 ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; Ma id s tone mu seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum? P ha se s : ? 1 930 - M r . P . G ray f ound A ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead s , p o t te ry a nd b ead s . H e t h ough t t h a t t h e o b jec t s w e r ef r om ab u r ia l ,b u tc ou ld n o tr e ca l ls e e ing a ny b one s . T he s i te i so nt h ew e s te rn e dg eo fO t te rham C r eek ,f a c ing n o r th -ea s t . OD i s5 m . 19 . I I . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 7 867 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? H awke sA r ch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 . R eco rded g r av e s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : V V I I I . c .1 800 's - As ma l l c on ica l s h ie ld -bo s s , s wo rd a nd s p ea r f r om G i l l ingham a r e i n Ma id s tone m u seum , p a r to ft h eK enna rd C o l lec t ion . H awke sd a t e st h eb u r ia lt ot h e 7t h c en tu ry . T he f i nd spo ti sn o tk nown . G odmer sham . 1 20 . I .I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 0 6155042 . NAR : ? B rad shaw 1 975 ,2 03 -4 .

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A ppend ix 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : ? 1 974 - A nA ng lo -Saxon k n if ew a s f o und b enea th t h ew a l l o fG odme r sham c hu r chya rd , p ro t rud ing f r om ab ank ,a t ap o in t8 ms ou th o ft h ew e s tg a te . T he k n if ew a sp r e sen ted t ot h eR oya l Mu seum , C an te rbu ry b yt h eo wne r s ,M r . a nd M r s . P ope . 1 975 - B rad shaw e xam ined t h e s i t e a nd c onc luded t h a t t h e k n if e c ame f r om a s o i l -f i l led h o l low , p o s s ib ly a d i su sed t r a ck -way . T h e f i l l o ft h e h o l low a l so c on ta ined h uman a nd a n ima l b one s , a nd s h e rd s o fR omano -B r i t i sh p o t te ry . B rad shaw s ugg e s ted t h e k n if e m igh t h ave c ome f r om a n A ng lo S axon g r ave w h ich h ad b een d i s tu rbed b y al a te rb u r ia l . T he s i te l i e s a tt h e b a se o f as t eep D own land s l ope , w h ich f a ce s e a s t a c ro s s t h e S t ou r v a l ley . OD i s b e tw een 3 0 -35m . G rave send . 1 2 1 . I .D en ton C our t . D oub t f u li n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 6 6 1735 . NAR : ? P h i l ip 1 937 ;T y le r 1 992 ,7 7 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 937 - A l a rge c eme te ry w a s d i scove r ed n ea r t h e O ld C hape l , D en ton , w hen D en ton C ou r t w a s d emo l i shed . N o g r ave g ood sw e r e f o und , b u t i ti st h ough tt h e c eme t e ry c ou ld h ave b een A ng lo -Saxon . G rave sw e r e s ha l low , b e ing c u ti n to s o i l , a nd n o tr e a ch ing t h e u nde r ly ing c ha lk . T he s i te i so na ne a s t f a c ing s l ope ,t ot h ee a s to ft h ew a l ls u r round ing D en ton C hape l . OD i s5 10m . 1 22 . I . B rown R oad . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 6 65731 . NAR : ? P h i l ip 1 937 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 937 - " 2 o r 3s k e le ton s" w e r e d i scove r ed i nB rown R oad , D en ton , d u r ing t h e l a y ing o fd r a in s o n a h ou s ing e s ta te . T he i ra ge w a sn o td e t e rm ined . T he s i te i so nt h el owe rp a r to f ag en t le n o r th -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 1 5 -20m OD . 1 2 3 . I I . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TQ 6 27 1 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? Ma son e t .a l . 1 997 ,2 49 -50 . L oca t ion o fo b jec t s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I ? -V I I I? c .1 996 - Ac o l lec t ion o ff i ve A ng lo -Saxon m e ta lo b jec t sw e re f o und b y C .T ur n e ra tG rave send . T hey i n c luded ah ang ing b ow l e s cu tcheon , a nd ac oppe ra loy d i sc b rooch o ft h e 5t h6t h c en tu r ie s . H ow ev e r , t h e o t he r o b jec t s , t wo s t rap -end s a nd ad r e s s h ook , w e r e o fm id to la te S axon d a te . T he o b jec t s w e r e p r obab ly f ound s e pa ra t e ly b ym e ta ld e t ec to r . T he e xa c tf i nd s po t sa r en o tr e co rded . G reenw ich . 1 24 . I .G reenw ich P ark . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TQ 3 88177 12 . NAR : TQ 3 7 NE6 . D oug la s 1 793 , 5 6n , 8 9 -90 , 9 1 ; C roke r 1 84 0 ; S ydenham 1 844 ; F l inde r s -Pe t r ie 1 880 , 1 , 1 5 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 78 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 6 29 -30 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 22 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 0 . R eco rded g r ave s : 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : N o tk nown . P ha se s : V I IX? c .1 714 - M r . H ea rne , ap a rk -keepe ra tG r eenw ich P a rk , d ug i n to s ome b a r row st h a tw e r ev i s ib le i nt h e p a rk ,a nd f ound s e ve ra l ' o b jec t so fv a lue ' . J anuary 1 784 - D oug la se xcava ted a bou t5 0 o ft h eb a r row s , a nd g ave d e ta i l s o f 9( g rave s 1 8 , a nd o ne u nnumbe red ) . T he re w e r e f ew g r av e g ood s , b u t t h e r e w a s ah i gh l e ve l o f p r e se rva t ion o f o rgan ic r ema in s , i n c lud ing t e x t i le s a nd h uman h a i r . T he g r ave s w e re c on s ide r ed b y D oug la s t ob e g ene ra l ly v e ry s ha l low . O ft h e 9h e p ub l i shed , o ne c on ta ined as p ea r , s h ie ld a nd k n if e , o ne as pea r , o ne ak n if e , a nd o ne s ome g l a s sb ead s . T he l a t t e ra l so c on ta in ed al a rge b unch o fa ubur nh uman h a i r . 1 844 - T he c on s t ruc t ion o f ar e se rvo i r l e d t ot h e l e ve l l ing o f 1 2 b a r row s , b u t t h e r e s t w e r e p r e se rved a f t e ri n t e rven t ion b yt h eR oya lA r cha eo log ica lI n s t i t u t e . S ep tember 1 993 -February 1 994 - T he c eme te ry w a s s u rveyed t o pog raph ica l ly a nd b y g eophy s ica l m e thod s a s p a r t o f t h e G r eenw ich P a rk S u rvey , c a r r ied o u t b y t h e RCHME . 3 1 b a r row s w e r e i d en t if i ed ,a nd t h eo r ig ina lt o ta lw a se s t ima ted t oh ave b een o n ly a bou t4 0 . T he c eme te ry i ss i tua t ed o n t h e b r ow o f ag en t le n o r th -f ac ing s l ope , o ve r look ing t h e T hame s , w h ich f l ow s a bou t 1 I a n t ot h e n o r th . OD i sa bou t 1 5m . T he s i t e i so n g r ave l , a nd t h e s u rv iva l o f l a rg e q uan t i t ie so fo rgan ic r ema in ss ugge s t st h a ti tw a sp a r t ia l ly w a te r logg ed ,a tl e a s td u r ing t h e le c en tu ry .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 2 5 . I . O ld T i l tY ard . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 3 87778 . NAR : ? B r en t 1 863b , 2 02 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 79 ; O rdnance S u rvey 1 966 , 3 9 ; B r enan 1 99 1 , 6 0 , 2 22 ; H awke s A r ch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : V V I I I? 1 862 - S eve ra l s ke le ton s , a l ong w i th t h r ee e name l led d i sc s f r om a h ang ing b ow l w e re f o und b y w o rkmen d i gg ing n ea r t h e O ld T i l t Y a rd , t o t h e n o r th o f G r eenw ich H o sp i ta l . T he d i sc s w e r e p u r cha sed b yC .B ren t ,a nd g i ven t oJ ohn B r en t ,w ho p l a ced t h em i nC an te rbu ry m u seum . T he s i te i so n ag en t le n o r th -f ac ing s l ope , w h ich f a ce s t h e T hame s , t h e mode rn b ank o fw h ich i so n ly a bou t3 00m t ot h en o r th . T he G reenw ich P a rk c em e t e ry i sa bou t7 00m t ot h es ou th . OD i s5 10m . G u s ton . 1 26 . I .I nhuma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 244 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 3 4 SW59 . D enny 1 864 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 22 -3 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 29 , p 1 .42 ; E v i son 1 9 87 , 1 76 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L eed sm u seum . P ha se s : V -V I I . P r e -1858 -9 - Ad i sc b rooch w i t h ac r uc if o rm d e s ign o fg a rne t s w a sf o und o nt h eb r ea s to f as k e le ton i n as t one c i s to rc off in . T he h a i ra nd t e e th w e r e s a id t ob ep e rf ec t ly p r e se rved , a nd t h e s k e le ton w a ss a id t ob et h a to f am an ,t h ough o nw ha tb a s i s i sn o tc l ea r . T he b rooch w a sp u to nd i sp lay a tL eed sm u seum i n1 864 , a l ong w i th as h ie ld -bo s s , as p ea rhead a nd as wo rd ,w h ich i tw a sp r e sumed w e r ef ound w i th i t . T he f i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . T he f i nd sw e r ea c compan ied b y an o te f r om aM r . T .S . P r e sco t tg i v ing t h e d e ta i l s a l ready m en t ioned , a nd s i nce P r e sco t t h ad af a rm a tG u s ton i tw a s t h ough t m o s t l i ke ly t h a t t h e s i t ew a s i nt h i s p a r i sh . H oweve r , h e a l so h ad D ove rC a s t le F a rm , o nt h e s umm i t o ft h e c a s t le h i l l , a nd t h ef i nd sm ay h ave c om ef r om t h e re . H ack ina ton , 1 2 7 . I .S he lf ord F arm . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 1 6496028 / 16056060 . NAR : TR 1 6S E2 / 16 5 E54 . P roceed ing s o f t h e S uf f o lk I n s t i tu t e o f A r cha eo logy 2 5 ( 1949 ) , p l . V I , f .c ( w rong ly l a be l led F av e r sham ) ; C hadw ick 1 9 58a , 6 7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 36 ; B ruce -M i tf o rd 1 974c , p 1 .76 ; K enne t t 1 974 , 6 ; A ge ra nd D aw son 1 989 ; A nonymou s 1 996b ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; B r i t i sh Mu seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : I . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , C an t e rbu ry H e r i tage . P ha se s : I V -V . c .1 925 - T e s tp i t sa head o fs a nd q ua r ry ing r e vea led a nA ng lo -Saxon s pea rhead , s h ie ld -bo s s , a nd ap a i r o fb i rd shaped s h ie ld -mou n t s . T he se f i nd s w e r e p r e sumab ly f r om ag r ave ( g rave 1 ) . T he s p ea rhead a nd s h ie ld -moun t sw e re g i ven t ot h eB r i t i sh Mu seum . March 1 985 - M r . T . S ew e l l , am e ta ld e tec to r i s t , s u rveyed t h e f i e ld i nw h ich t h e e a r l ie rf i nd sh ad b een m ade , a nd r e cove red an umbe r o fA ng lo -Saxon o b jec t s f r om t h e p l ough so i l . T he se c on s i s ted o f4 c oppe r a l loy b uck le s , 1s p ea rhead , a nd p l ough -damaged f r agmen t s o f aF lo r id C ruc if o rm b rooch o f A ng l ian t y pe . A l l t h e se f i nd s w e r e p a s sed t oC an t e rbu ry Mu seum s . O ve ra l l , t h e f i nd s f r om t h e s i t e s ugge s tt h a t ac eme te ry w a si nu s eh e r ea tl e a s tb e tw een t h el a t e6 t ht oe a r ly 7 t hc en tu r ie s . T he s i te a ppea r st oh ave e x tended a c ro s s aw ide p a r t o f as ou th f a c ing s pu rw h ich o ve r look st h e S t ou r v a l ley . S ome o ft h e e a r l i e r 6t h c en tu ry f i nd s c ame f r om t h e t o p o ft h e r i dge a r ound t h e 5 0m c on tou r . L a t e r 6t h a nd 7t h c en tu ry f md s a ppea rt oh av e c ome f r om t h e l owe r p a r t o ft h e s l ope , b e tw een t h e 1 5 2 0m c on tou r s . I ti sp o s s ib l et h a tm u l t ip le s i t e sa r er e p r e sen ted h e r e . H arb ledown . 1 28 . I .B igbury . I s o la ted f i nd ss i t e? NGR : TR 15575 ( l oca l i t yo n ly ) . NAR : ? S wan ton 1 974 ,3 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : T o ron to mu seum . P ha se s : ? P r e -1974 - S wan ton r e co rd s t h a t 2A ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead s , o fh i s t y pe s D 2 a nd E 3 , f r om B igbu ry , w e r e i nT o ron to mu seum . H arr ie t sham . 1 29 . I .C hurchyard . C hu r chya rd .

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A ppend ix 1 . NGR : TQ 8 7495297 . NAR : TQ 8 5 S E2 . A nonymou s 1 863 , x l i ; P ayne 1 892 , 1 7 , 3 0 , 3 2 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , p l .CXXX IX .4 ; J e ssup 1 9 30 , 2 30 1 , f . 32 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 23 ; E v i son 1 979 ,6 9 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : I I? -V? c .1 863 - Ac omb a nd c r y s ta l b a l l f r om ag r ave i nH a r r ie t sham C hu r chya rd w e r e d i sp lay ed a tt h e 5 t h a nnua lm ee t ing o ft h eK en tA r chaeo log ica l S oc ie ty . 1 892 - T he c r y s ta lb a l l , a l ong w i th ar a d ia t eb rooch a nd aw hee l th rown p o t te ry b o t t le o fE v i son 's T ype I e ,w e r e l i s t ed i nt h ec a ta logue o ft h ec o l lec t ion o ft h e K .A .S . A l l c ame f r om H a r r ie t sham C hu r chya rd , a nd a l h ad b een d ona t ed b y R ev . J . C .B . R idde l l . T he c r y s ta l b a l l , w h ich h a s n o s u spen s ion l o op , w a s p r e sumab ly t h a t d i sp layed i n1 863 , b u t i ti su nc lea r w he the r t h e b r oo ch a nd p o t t e ry v e s se l c ame f r om t h es ame g r ave , o rw he th e rt h ey w e r ef o und a tt h es ame t i me . Whe e l th rown b o t t le s d a te t ot h e l a t e 6 t h o r7 t h c en tu ry , w h i l s t r a d ia te b rooche s d a t e t ot h e e a r ly o rm id -6 t h , p e rhap s s ugge s t ing t h a t t h e f i nd s c ame f r om s e pa ra te c on t ex t s . H a r r ie t sham C hu r ch i ss i tua t ed o n ag en t le s ou th -w e s tf a c ing s l ope b e tween t h e 1 00 105m c on tou r s . 1 30 . I . P i lgr im 's Way . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 8 7245357 o r8 7235357 . NAR : TQ 8 5 S E3 . C ook 1 928a , 1 07 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 23 ; H awke sA r ch iv e . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rd ed g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? S ep tember 1 925 - A nA ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion ( g rave 1 )w a s d i scove red b y M r . C . H a lf o rd a tt h es i de o ft h e P i lg r im s ' Way t r ack -way . T he s k e le ton w a s a c compan ied b y b ead s , ar i ng , ab ra ce le t , k ey s , a k n if e ,s h ea r s ,a nd ab one w eav ing s hu t t le . M eaney s a y st h a tt h eb u r ia l l a ya tt h e s ou th s i de o ft h e P i lg r im s ' Way , b u tH awke ss ugge s t si tm ay h av e l a in w he re t h eh ou se ` Deodo ra ' n ow s t and s ,a t TQ 8 7235357 . T he s i t e l i e s a tt h e b a se o ft h eN o r th D own s s c a rp s l ope , o n t o p o f aC ha lk s pu rw h ich s l ope st owa rd s t h es ou th -w e s t . T he s i te w a ss omewhe r eb e tw een 1 2 5 130m OD . 1 3 1 . I I . C our tL odge F arm . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 8 6525403 . NAR : TQ 8 5 S E4 . D ruce 1 933 ,x l iv ; C ook 1 9 33 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 2 3 ; G eake 1 994 , 1 6 5 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : N o tk nown . P ha ses : V I I I IX? D ecember 3 1s t 1 932 - As k e le ton w a s d i scove r ed i n ac ha lk -p i t a tC ou r t L odg e F a rm . N .C . C ook s ub sequ en t ly v i s i ted t h e s i t e a nd e xcava t ed t h e g r ave . A long w i th t h e s k e le ton w e re ab uck le , as t rap e nd ,a nd ak n if e . Meaney w ro te t h a ta n i r on r i ng w a s a l so f o und , a nd t h a tt h e b uck le w a st wo tongued . I ft h el a t te ri st r ue ,t h en t h a tw ou ld d a te t h eb u r ia lt ot h el a te 7 t ho re a r ly 8 t hc en tu r ie s . T he r e i sn o s i gn o f ac ha lk p i t h av ing b een a tt h e g r id r e f e rence g i ven , w h ich i sn ow a n a r ab le f i e ld . T he n ea r e s ts i z eab le p i ti s3 15m t ot h e WN W . I ft h e NGR g i v en i sc o r r ec t , t h en t h e b u r ia l l a y a tt h e b a se o ft h e D own land s c a rp , o n t h e s o u th -f ac ing s l ope o f as pu r ,b e tween 1 2 5 127m OD . H a s t ing le izh . 1 32 . I .B rabourne D own s . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TR 0 9604280 . NAR : N one . I n f o rma t ion f r om J .B rad shaw ( 1 1 /06 / 1996 ) . L oca t ion o ff i nd : J .B rad shaw . P ha se s : P re -1996 - As qua re -headed b r ooch w a s f o und o n aR oman l y nche to n B raboume D own s . I ti so fg i l t c oppe ra loy , a nd p a r to fi t sf o o ti sm i s s ing . I ti sd eco r a ted w i th S t y le Io rnamen t . T he b rooch i si nt h e p o s se s s ion o f JB rad shaw . T he l y nche t i ss i tua t ed o n t h e s c a rp s l ope o ft h e N o r th D own s , w h ich h e r e f a ce s s ou th -w e s t . OD i s b e tw een 1 30 140m . H erne B ay . 1 3 3 . I .D ence P ark . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TR 1 8806810 . NAR :N one . C hadw ick 1 958a ,6 7 ; H awk e sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd : H e rne B ay P ub l ic L ib ra ry . P ha se s : ?

4 0

A ppend ix 1 . 1 923 -

A n Ang lo -Saxon p o t t e ry b o t t le w a s f ound d u r ing d ra inage o pe ra t ions .

I r on Age a nd R oman

m a te r ia l w a s a l so f ound , b u t t h e re w a s n o s i gn o fa ny o t he r A ng lo -Saxon f e a tu res o r ma ter ia l , a nd n o s i gn o f ab u r ia l . T he s i te i so n ac l if f top p l a teau , t h e g round s l op ing g en t ly t owa rds t h e n or th -wes t . OD i sb e tween 3 54 0m . 1 34 . I . Mick leburgh H i l l . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 1 8586793 . NAR : TR 1 6 NE 19 . O rdnance S urvey r e co rds . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : H erne B ay Mu seum . P ha se s : ? 1 960 - AR oman c o in , r eu sed a s aS axon w e igh t , w a s f ound o n w a s te g round b eh ind 5 9 , M ick lebu rgh H i l l ,H er ne B ay , b y s choo lch i ldren . T he s i te i so n aw e s t -nor th -we s tf a c ing s l ope , b e tween 2 5 -30m OD . l oa th . 1 35 . I . Mi l lbank ( Aka Ho th ) . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 2 0486532 o r2 0466530 o r2 0476529 . NAR : TR 2 6 NW 11 . Sm i th 1 852 , 1 63 ;

Akerman 1 855a , 5 1 , p l .xxv .2 ;

Sm i th 1 908a , 3 85 ;

C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 7 ;

H a rden

1 956 , 1 63 , p l .xv i i i .g ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 25 ; H awke s A rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg raves : V I I I? c .1 772 -

1 . R eco rded g rave s :

1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s :

B r i t ish Museum .

P ha se s :

V -

A g l a ss p ouch -bo t t le o fH a rden 's T ype V I lb , n ow i nt h e B r i t ish Mu seum , w a s f ound i na

g r ave l p i t a tM i l l B ank , H oa th , a l ong w i th h uman b one s a nd as im i la rb o t t le , b roken a nd n ow l o s t . T h is t y pe w a s d a ted b y H a rden t ot h e l a te 6 t h a nd 7 t h c en tu r ie s . T he l o ca t ion o ft h is s i te i su nc lea r , a nd d i f f e ren ts ou rce sh ave g i ven c onf l ic t ing g r id r ef e rence s . Hoa th/Recu lver . 1 36 . I . B roomf ie ld /Recu lver . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 2 065 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? Meaney 1 964 , 1 33 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry . P ha se s : ? P re -1964 - Meaney n o ted t h a t C an te rbu ry m useum h ad ab rooch a nd av a r iega ted b lue b ead , " p robab ly f r om B roomf ie ld o rH o th" . Ho l l ingbourne . 1 37 . I . Wh i tehea th . M ixed c eme tery , s e conda ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TQ 8 1995481/82015473 . NAR : TQ 8 5 SW5 . P re t ty 1 842 ;

P rye r 1 847 -8 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 87 ;

B rown 1 915 , I V , 7 41 ;

G rove 1 952 ; Meaney 1 964 ,

1 24 ; K e l ly 1 976 , 2 32 ; My re s 1 977 , c orpu s n os . 3 090 -91 , 3 093 , f i g s . 6 8 , 2 13 , 2 79 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 4 . R eco rded g rave s : 1 ? L oca t ion o ff i nds : ?P ha se s : V ? -V I I? 1 819 - C ons t ruc t ion o f an ew T urnp ike r oad b e tween Ma ids tone a nd A shf o rd c u t t h rough a r ound b a r row ( B2 ) , o ne o f ap a i ra t Wh i tehea th , H o l l ingbourne . J u ly 2 6 th , 1 842 - B ea le P o s te o bse rved w o rkmen d igg ing s and f r om b a r row B i , a nd r e cove red f ou r A ng lo -Saxon p o t s . T hese a ppea rt oh ave b een f ound t oge the r o n o rj u s tt ot h e s ou th o ft h e b a r row , a nd a ppa ren t ly r ep resen t as i ng le c r ema t ion g roup ( g rave 1 ) , s i nce t h e f i nd s po t i sd escr ibed a s a' f une ra l p i le ' . T h ree o ft h e p o t s c on ta ined h uman b one s . N ovember 1 843 - B ea le P o s te o b ta ined p erm iss ion t oe xcava te t h e b ar row s . H e b egan e xcava t ing o n t h e 1 2 th , wo rk ing f r om t h e n o r th -ea s t t ot h e s ou th -we s t , b u t m ade n o d i scove r ies u n t i l t h e 1 6 th , w hen a B ronze Age p o t w a s f ound . O n t h e s ame d ay , s ome p i ece s o f i r on , " . .appa ren t ly p ar t o f af l a t or n amen ta l c ha in . . ." w e re f ound . O nt h e 1 7 th a n i r on s h ie ld -bo ss w a s f ound , o nt h e o ppos i te s i de o ft h e mound f r om t h e c ha in . O n t h e 2 0 th p a r t o fa n i r on s pea rhead o r s wo rd w a s f ound c l ose t o w he re t h e s h ie ld -boss h ad b een . AB ronze Age c r ema t ion w a s a l so f ound . D ecember 1 843 - B ea le P os te c on t inued h i se xcava t ion s , d i scove r ing a no the rB ronze Age c r ema t ion o n t h e 6 t h . Two d ay s l a te r as h ie ld -bos s , t wo s pea rhead s , a nd ak n if e o r s eax , w ere d i scove red " . . towa rd s t h e SW s i de o f t h e t umu lu s . . ." .

O n t h e 1 8 th a no the r s pea rhead w a s f ound i n t h e s ame a r ea .

A

c r ema t ion u rn f ound o n t h e 1 5 th w a s b roken b ef o re B ea le P o s te s aw i t ,a nd i ti su nknown w he the r i t w a s B ronze Age o rA ng lo -Saxon .

4 1

A ppend ix 1 . 1 847 - A lf r ed P ry e r e xh ib i t ed 6 5 A ng lo -Saxon g l a s s , a mbe r , a nd c l ay b ead s t ot h e BAA . T hey h ad b een f ound a t Wh i t ehea th , a tt h e" . . spo tw he r e , as ho r tt i me s i nce , s ome S axon w eapon s a nd s k e le ton s w e r ee xhumed . . ." . B ea le P o s t e 's i lu s t ra t ion s o ft h e s h ie ld -bo s se s s how t h em t o h av e c onvex c one s a nd s ma l l a pexe s . T hey a r eu n l ike ly t od a te b ef o r et h el a t e6 t ho r7 t hc en tu r ie s . T he w he r eabou t s o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon f i nd s f r om t h i s s i t e a r e n o t k nown . O ne o ft h e s h ie ld -bo s se s a t l e a s tw a si nt h en ea rby U n ion Wo rkhou se i n1 844 ,w hen i tf e l lt op i ece s ,a nd i tm ay b et h a ts om e o ft h e o t he r f i nd s w e re p l aced t h e r e . T h r ee o ft h e B ronz e A ge p o t s w e r e s o ld i n 1 962 a s p a r t o ft h e L eed s C a s t le E s ta te . T hey w e r e l a t e rp r e sen ted t o Ma id s tone m u seum . T h i ss i t ec l ea r ly c on s i s ted o ft wo B ronz eA g er o und b a r row s , w i th s e conda ry A ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion s a nd c r ema t ion s . B a r row B 2 a ppea r s t oh ave b een l a rg e ly r emoved b y t h e T u rnp ike r oad , a nd i ts e em s l i k e ly t h a ta l lt h eA ng lo -Saxon d i scove r ie s c ame f r om a r ound t h e e dg e s o fb a r row B l . B a r row B 2 l i e s a t TQ 8 1995481 ,w h i l s tb a r row B 1 l i e st ot h e S Ea t TQ 8 20 15473 . T he s i t el i e so n ag en t le n o r th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 5 0 -55m OD . I . B road S tree t . P robab le i n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : R e s t r ic ted . NAR : N one . P o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie sR eco rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P r iva te c o l lec t ion s . P ha se s : I -V I? 1 997 -2004 - Membe r s o f t h e M id -Ken t S ea r ch a nd R ecov e ry C lub ( l a t te r ly t h e M id -K en t Me ta l D e tec to rC lub ) h ave r e co rded an umbe ro ff i nd s o fm e ta lwo rk , d a t ing f r om t h em id -5 ` " t o 76 ) c en tu r ie s , w h ich i n d ica te t h ep r e sence o fa nA ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry w h ich i sb e ing d i s tu rbed b yp l ough ing . F i nd s i n c lude af r agmen tf r om aS axon e qua l -a rmed b r ooch a nd a nA qu i tan ian b uck le a nd p l a t e . 1 3 8 . I I . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TQ 8 40 15360 . NAR : TQ 8 5 SW22 . Ma id s tone m u seum g az e t tee r . L oca t ion o ff i nd : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1956 - A nA ng lo -Saxon b ead w a sf o und i n ar a bb i tw a r ren i nH az e l Wood ,t ot h ee a s to f as a ndp i t . T he s i t e i sm id -way d own as t eep ,n o r th -we s tf a c ing s l ope o f as a ndy s pu r ,b e tween 7 5 -80m OD . H or ton K irby . 1 39 . I .( Aka S ou th D aren th ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 5 6756935 . NAR : TQ 5 6 NE6 . C oa t e s 1 867 ; C oa t e s 1 868 ; GMLA ( 1 867 ) , 1 8 5 -6 ; S pu r r e l l 1 889 ,3 07 ,3 14 -5 ; P ayne 1 892 ,3 2 ; P ayne 1 895 , x l v i i lv i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 77 -8 ; L eed s 1 9 12 , 1 98 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 6 29 ; J e s sup 1 9 30 , 2 24 ; H ogg 1 94 1 ,2 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 24 ; E v i son 1 975 , 7 5 ; My re s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o s . 3 53 -4 , f i g s . 1 04 , 2 03 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 2 -3 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 8 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : I I ? A u tumn 1 866 - When t h e f o unda t ion s f o r s ome h ou se s w e r e d ug , n ea r t h e B oy s H om e a tS ou th D a ren th , 1 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave sw e r ed i scov e r ed . A l l w e r e a l igned W -E , a nd l a yn ea r ly p a ra l l e l . O ne o ft h es k e le ton sw a ss a id t om ea su r e 6f e e t , 6i n che s . May 1 8 th -25 th , 1 867 - 4 5 g r ave sw e r ed i scove r ed w hen m o r eh ou se f o unda t ion sw e re d ug ,a bou t9 5m t ot h e s ou th o ft h ee a r l ie rf i nd s . S ome w e r e a l igned S -N , w h i l s tt wo w e r e a l igned NE -S W a nd o v e r lay a no the r g r ave . F ind s i n c luded p o t te ry , ab rooch , 3k n ive s , a nd aw he t s tone . T he g rave s w e r e b ad ly p l ough -damag ed , a nd w e re c u t o n ly s ha l low ly i n to t h e n a tu ra l c ha lk . S ome o ft h e g rave s w e re v e ry s ho r t ,a nd t h eb od ie sw e r ef l exed t of i ti n to t h em . May 2 7 th -June i s t , 1 867 - 9g r ave s ( 1 -9 )w e r e o pened , s ome i nt h e p r e sence o fR .P . C oa t e s a nd C .R . S m i th . S ev en h ad n o g r ave g ood s , g r ave 9 h ad o n ly a k n if e , w h i l s t g r ave 3 ,a ppa r en t ly t h a t o f a j uven i le , h ad s eve ra l o b jec t s , i n c lud ing ab rooch i n la id w i th g l a s s . A ga in , s ome o ft h e g r av e sh ad b een d i s tu rbed b yp l ough ing ,a nd s ome f i nd sw e r ev i s ib le o nt h es u rf a ce . 1 867 -8 - Mo r e e xcava t ion s w e r e c a r r ied o u t , s om e w a t ched b y C oa t e s , a nd s ome b y S pu r r e l l . C oa t e s l i s t ed t h ef i nd sf r om a bou t 1 g r ave sa si n c lud ing as p ea rhead , a n a x e -head , k n ive s , b rooche s , ab u ck le , b ead s , b ronz e f i t t ing s , 3p o t s , ab r onz e c up , a nd as h ie ld -bo s s . H e a l so e xh ib i ted ap ho tog raph o fo n e o ft h e se g r ave s , s how ing as k e le ton a c compan ied b y 2p o t s a nd t h e c oppe r a loy v e s se l ( g rave 1 0 ) . S pu r r e l l w a s p r e sen t a tt h e o pen ing o fa bou t 6 0 g r ave s o n o ne s i d e o ft h e r a i lway e mbankm en t . H e r e co rd s t h a t t h ey w e re s pa ced c l o se t o g e the r , o f t en n ea r ly i n te r -cu t t ing , a nd t h a t t h ey w e r e g ene ra l ly s h a l low a nd i regu la r . T he b od ie s w e r e s up ine , a nd m any h ad f l i n to rc ha lk ' p i l low s ' u nd e rt h e h ead .

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A ppend ix 1 . Mo s t g r ave s w e re a l igned W -E , b u t S pu r r e l l s a y s t h a t t h e r e w a s much v a r ia t ion , a nd t h a t t h e g r ave s t owa rd s t h e n o r th " . .po in t ed m o r e t ot h e . . .no r th . . ." . A l l o f t h e g r ave s s e en b y S pu r r e l l c on ta ined p a r t ic le s o fc ha rcoa l , a nd an umbe rh ad ah eap o fc ha r coa l d u s tn ea rt h e m idd le o ft h e b ody . Many o f t h eg r ave sc on ta ined n oo b jec t s , a nd t h en umbe ro fg r ave g ood s w a s s a id t oh ave i n c rea sed t owa rd st h e NE . F i nd sf r om t h es i te i n Ma id s tone m u seum i n c lude 2s a uce rb rooche s , aR oman b rooch , ac i r cu la rb r ooch w i th c en t ra l g a rne ts e t t ing , 3b uck le s , ac o in , a nd 5b ead s . F l o r ia te c r o s s c a s ts a uce rb rooche s ( w i thou t e l abo ra t eb o rde r s )d a te t ot h el a t e 5t h6t h c en tu r ie s ,a nd n one o ft h ef i nd sn eed b el a te rt h an t h i s . T he s i te i so n t h e m id t ol owe r s l ope o f aD own land s pu r , b e tween 4 5 -50m OD . T he g r ound s l ope s q u i t es t eep ly t owa rd st h ew e s t -no r th -w e s t ,a nd o v e r look st h eD a ren tv a l ley . T h eb ed rock i sC ha lk . 1 40 . I . R i se ley . M ixed c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 5 6256754 . NAR : TQ 5 6 NE8 . C umbe r land 1 937 , 1 7 18 ; P r ie s t 1 938 , 1 4 -30 ; T im e s 1 6 / 11/ 1938 , 7 , 1 3 ; Sm i th 1 9 38 , 7 0 1 ; A nonymou s 1 938 ,x l v i i ; 1 9 39 , 7 0 1 ; C umbe r land 1 940 ; H ogg 1 94 1 , 2 6 ; K en t i sh T ime s9 / 9 / 1949 , 3 , p ho to ; E ven ing N ew s0 2 / 11 / 1949 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 3 3 -4 ; S wan ton 1 973 ,2 0 1 , 2 13 ; 1 974 , 7 5 ; E v i son 1 975c ,7 5 ; My re s 1 977 ,c o rpu sn o s . 1 045 -52 ,f i g s . 1 0 ,3 7 , 5 0 , 6 2 ,6 9 , 1 07 ,2 40 , 3 04 ;T y le r 1 992 ,7 2 -3 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 18 . R eco rded g r ave s : 17 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D a r tf o rd m u seum . P ha se s : I V I I? J u ly 1 937 - Wo rkmen c on s t ruc t ing t h e R i se ley H ou s ing E s ta t e f o und h uman b one s , s p ea rhead s a nd g l a s sv e s se l s . T he s i te w a s i n ve s t iga t ed b yA . C umbe r land , H .W . J o rdan , P .K emp a nd S .P r ie s t o ft h e D a r tf o rd a nd D i s t r ic tA n t iqua r ian S oc ie ty . T hey o b se rved t h a t 7b u r ia l sh ad b een o pened a l ong t h el i ne o f an ew r oad . 1 937 -8 - T he s i te w a s v i s i t ed d a i ly b y m embe r s o ft h e A n t iqua r ian S oc ie ty , a nd a ny g r ave s t h a t w e r e l o ca ted d u r ing b u i ld ing w o rk w e r e e xcava t ed a nd r e co rded . At o ta l o f 17 g r av e s w e r e r e co rded ( 1 12 i n huma t ion s a nd 5c r ema t ion s ) . As i t e p l an w a s p r epa r ed , w h ich s how s t h a t m o s t o ft h e g r ave s w e r e l o ca ted a s ar e su l t o f t r enche s f o r s e rv ice s o r h ou se -f oo t ing s . Many o t he r g r ave s m u s t r ema in u nd i s tu rbed u nde rh ou se sa nd g a rden s . 1 949 - A no the rs k e le ton , p o s s ib ly S axon ,w a sd i scov e r ed w hen f o unda t ion t r enche s f o rt wo b unga low s a tS axon P l ace w e re d ug . F i nd sf r om t h es i t ei n d ica ted al o ng s pan o fu s e ,p e rhap sf r om t h e 5t h c en tu ry ,u n t i la tl e a s tt h em id -7 t h. T he c eme te ry o ccup ie st h em id t ol ow e rs l ope o f as t eep ,n o r th -we s tf a c ing C ha lk s pu r . OD i sb e tw een 5-70m . 1 4 1 . I I . C hape lF arm . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5 668 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : N one . Meaney 1 964 , 1 25 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 ? R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? P re -1958 - Meaney n o t ed t h a t Ma id s tone m u seum h ad a na xe a nd s pea rhead st h a tw e r et h ough tt oh ave c ome f r om ab u r ia l a tC hape l F a rm , H o r ton K i rby . H oweve r , s h e s ugg e s ted t h a t i tw a s p o s s ib le t h a t t h ey w e r ef r om o ne o ft h eo t he rc eme te r ie si nt h ep a r i sh . I V . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TQ 5 6706997 . NAR : N one . P o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie s S chem er e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P r iva te c o l lec t ion . P ha se s : ? 2 003 - Am e ta ld e tec to r i s tl o ca t ed t wo i r on k n ive sa l ong t h ec ou r se o f ap i pe t r ench . B o th k n ive sa r eo f e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon d a te , a nd m ay h ave b een d e r ived f r om ag r ave o rg r ave s t h a th ad b een d i s tu rbed b y t h et r ench ing o pe ra t ion s . H v the . 1 42 . I .I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 1 5883506 . NAR : TR 1 3 NE4 . A nonymou s 1 863 ,x l i ; O S6 " ( 1 877 ) ; O S 2 5" ( 1 898 ) ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; C rawf o rd D a rk A g e s I n dex n o .4 7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 25 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,9 7 ,2 06 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : F o lke s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I c .1 863 - " Saxon f i bu la e a nd ad i s taf f , f o und a tH y the" , w e r e e xh ib i ted a tt h e a nnua l m ee t ing o ft h e K en tA r chaeo log ica l S oc ie ty b y aM r . Ma ck e son .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 870 - A cco rd ing t o OS m ap s , " Ang lo -Saxon f i bu la e a nd b ead s e t c ." w e r e f ound a tt h e s i t e i n 1 870 . H ow ev e r ,n oo t he ra u tho r i ty f o rt h i sc an b ef o und ,a nd t h i sm ay b e ar e f e r ence t ot h ef i nd so fc .1 863 . I nF o lk e s tone mu seum i st h eh ead o f as qua r e -headed b rooch , s e tw i th g a rne t s . I ti sl a be l led a sc om ing f r om t h eq u a r r ie sa bove Hy the . T he s i t e i sad i su sed q ua r ry o nt h eb row o ft h eh i l lo v e r look ing H y the , a nd l i e sb e tween 5-60m OD I t i ss i tua t ed o n ly as ho r tw a lk f r om t h eP a r i sh C hu r ch . T he s i t e i sn ow c ove r ed b yh ou s ing . 1 4 3 . I . S and tun . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 1 2 143388 . NAR : TR 1 3 SW7 . Wa rd ,u npub l i shed n o te s , Ma id s tone m u seum ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 12 ,2 16 -7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : V I I I X? 1 939 -45 - Two b u r ia l s , o ne o fa na du l t ,t h eo t he ro f ac h i ld ,w e r er e po r ted ly f ound a tt h es i t e . 1 947 -8 - T he b u r ia l o fa n i n f an tw a s f o und d u r ing e x cava t ion s b y B i r che l l a nd Wa rd o ft h e s a nd -dune s a tt h es i t e . D a t ing o ft h i s a nd t h e o t he rb u r ia l s i sn o tk nown , b u tt h e s e t t lemen ts i te h e re y i e lded l a y e r s d a t ing f r om t h e7 t ho r8 t hc en tu r ie sA .D . , u pt ot h eA ng lo -No rman p e r iod . T h i ss i t e i ss i tua ted o n ad une o fb l own s a nd a nd s h ing le , o nt h e n o r the rn e dge o fR omney Ma r sh . OD i su nde r5 m . I ckham . 1 44 . I .I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 2 258 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? A be rg 1 926 ,9 3 ,f . 156 ; H awke sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : P re -1926 - Ä be rg i l u s t ra te s as ma l lr a d ia t e -headed b r ooch f r om I c kham . T he f i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . 1 45 . I . R oman V i l la . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 2 3265797 . NAR :N on e . L e igh 1 980 , I ,2 4 ; H awk e s 1 987 , 3 6 ; H awke sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se : Ia nd V I I IX . Mar ch 1 977 - As ma l l s qua r e -headed b r ooch o fg i l tc oppe ra loy w a s f o und b y am e ta l d e t ec to ro nt h e s i t eo ft h eI c kham R oman v i l la . As c ea t ta w a sa l so f o und . T he s i t ei so nt h el owe rp a r to f ag en t le s ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope , b e tw een 5 10m OD . I ckham /Beke sbourne /L i t t lebourne . 1 46 . I .I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 2 0 155620 o r2 0785622 o r2 0785688 . NAR : TR 2 5 NW5 . C hadw ick 1 958a ,6 9 ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; H awk e sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : ? 1 913 - A n A ng lo -Saxon s p ea rh ead w a s f o und " . . .6 i n che s b e low s u rf ace . . ." b y Mr E .W . S and s o f L i t t lebou rne . I tw a sa cqu i r ed b yC an t e rbu ry m u seum . T he O rdnance S u rvey g i ve s t h e f i nd s po ta s TR 2 0 155620 ,w h ich w ou ld p l a ce i to nt h ep a r i sh b ounda ry b e tween B eke sbou rne a nd I c kham , i nt h eb a se o ft h e L i t t le S t ou r v a l ley , c l o se t ot h e r i ve r . C hadw ick g i ve s t h e l o ca t ion a s TR 2 0785622 , w h ich p l a ce si to n as ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope n ea rL owe rG a r r ing ton F a rm , I c kham . H oweve r , C hadw ick 's m ap p l a ce s t h e f i nd i nL i t t lebou rne p a r i sh , a nd an o t e i nt h e H awke s A r ch ive q ue s t ion s t h e g r id r e f e r ence , s ugg e s t ing TR 2 0785688 a sa no the rp o s s ib i l i ty . I eh tham . 1 47 . I .I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TQ 5 95570 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? H awk e sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I -V . P re -1973 - Two c oppe ra loy b uck le s f r om I g h tham w e r e d ona ted t o Ma id s tone m u seum b y Ma jo r L ua rd S e lby . O ne b u ck le w a s ac a s to va l l o op w i thou t at o ngue . T he o t he rw a s as h ie ld -on tongue t y pe . B o th d a te t o t h e6 t h c en tu ry . T he f i nd s po ti sn o tk nown .

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A ppend ix 1 . K em s ing . 1 48 . I .I nhuma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 5 48588 . NAR : TQ 5 NW 16 . Wa rd 1 931 , 8 9 -9 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 880 - Wa rd r e co rded t h a t 2s k e le ton s w e r e f o und c l o se t o g e the r i n af i e ld , a bou t 6 80m w e s t o f K em s ing c hu r ch . O ne w a so r ien t ed W -E ,t h eo t he rE -W . As p ea rhead w a sl a t e rd i scove r ed a tt h es i t e . T he f i e ld l i e sb e low t h eD own land s c a rp ,a nd s l ope st owa rd st h es ou th sou th -we s t . OD i sa bou t 1 00m . K ing s ton . 1 49 . I .K ing s ton D own . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s . S AM K en t6 0b /270 11 . NGR : TR 2 0205195 /203518 . NAR : TR 2 5 SW 14 /25 SW27 /25 SW42 /25 SW 130 /25 SW 13 3/ 25 SW 134 . D oug la s 1 793 , 3 7 -47 , 6 8 -9 , 7 2 -3 , 8 6 ; Wr igh t 1 8 50 -3a ; A k e rman 1 855a , 6 4 , p l .xxx i ; F au s se t t 1 856 , 3 5 -94 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 45 -8 ; 1 908c , 6 8 -9 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 20 -3 ; C onway 1 9 18 , 8 2 , 8 6 , f . 27 ; J e s sup 1 930 , 2 35 ; L eed s 1 933 , 2 36 ; K end r ick 1 9 39 , 1 95 -6 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 63 -4 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 7 0 ; W i l son 1 960 , 1 35 ; 1 966 , 1 7 1 ; 1 967 , 2 66 ; 1 976 , 2 72 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 08 , 1 25 -6 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 8 1 , 9 3 , 1 20 , 1 66 , 1 79 ; A ven t a nd L e igh 1 977 , 1 9 -20 ; E v i son 1 979 , 6 8 , 7 9 -80 ; A rno ld 1 980 , 8 6 -8 ,9 4 -5 , 10 11 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 ,2 54 ; B r enan 1 99 1 , 8 5 102 , 3 00 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 19 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 19 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L ive rpoo l m u seum . P ha se s : V IX . c . 1745 - T homa s B a r r e t t , t h e l a nd -owne r , h ad af ew o ft h e b a r row s o n K ing s ton D own o pened i na " cu r so ry a nd i n cu r iou s . . .manne r . . ." . S ome i r on w eapon sa nd t wo g l a s sv e s se l sw e re f o und . 1 755 - B a r r e t tr e f u sed p e rm i s s ion t oF au s se t tt oe x cava t ea tt h es i t e . A ugu s t -Sep tember 1 767 - H av ing o b ta ined p e rm i s s ion t od i g f r om t h e n ew l a ndowne r , R ev . W .D . B y r ch , F au s se t te xcava t ed a nd r e co rded g r ave s 1 54 . J u ly -Augu s t1 771- F au s se t te xcava t ed g r ave s5 -229 . A ugu s t -Oc tober 1 772 - F au s se t t o pened t h e l a s t o ft h e v i s ib le b a r row s o n K ing s ton D own , w h ich c on ta ined g r ave s2 30 -263 . A ugus t -Sep tember 1 773 - H av ing b egun u s ing a p r obe t o l o ca t e f l a t g r ave s a t B eke sbou rne a nd S i be r t swo ld ,F au s se t ta pp l ied t h et e chn ique a tK ing s ton ,a nd l o ca t ed 4 5 f l a tg r ave s ( g rave s2 64 -308 ) . March 5t h, 1 850 - T homa s Wr igh to pened ab a r row t h a th ad b een m i s sed b yF au s se t t( g rave 3 09 ) . T h i s b a r row w a so ne o f ag roup c l o se t ot h eD ove r -Can t e rbu ry r o ad . 1 944 - As k e le ton ( g rav e3 10 )w a sf o und b ys o ld ie r sd i gg ing t r enche sa t TR 2 03518 . 1 959 - T he s i te o ft h ec eme t e ry w a st h rea t ened b yt r ee -p lan t ing . V e ra E v i son d ug p ro spec t ion t r enche s a tf i ve p l a ce sa l ong t h et h r ea tened s t r ip . 1 6f l a tg r av e sw e r e l o ca ted a tt h e s ou the rn e nd o ft h i s a r ea , o f w h ich o n ly 3( g rave s 3 1113 ) w e r e u nd i s tu rbed . T he se w e r e ' p oo r ly f u rn i shed ' , b u t o ne c on ta ined a s e r ie s Ds c ea t ta ( c . AD 7 00 -7 15 ) . 1 965 - T he T hane t Wa t e r B oa rd c l ea r ed as t r ip d own t oc ha lk l e ve l a l ong t h e NE s i de o ft h e D ove r C an te rbu ry r o ad . T he s t r ip w a s a pp rox ima t e ly 3 mw ide , e xcep t f o rt h e s ou the rnmo s t 1 50m , w h ich w a s o n ly a bou t 0 . 5m w ide . T h i s s t r ip p a s sed t h rough t h e a r ea o f t h e c eme te ry , a nd r e v ea led t wo u nd i s tu rbed g r ave s( 3 14 15 ) ,a sw e l la s ad i s tu rbed s k e le ton i nt h et o p so i l( 3 16 ) . 1 966 - R oad w o rk s a t TR 2 03518 r e vea led m o r eg r ave s . T h ree b a r row s ( t wo o fw h ich h ad p enannu la r d i tche s ) a nd o ne f l a t g r ave w e r e p l anned b u tn o t e x cava ted . At r ench f o r aw a te r -p ipe d i s tu rbed t h r ee m o r e f l a t g r ave s ( g rave s 3 17 19 ) . G rave s d i scov e r ed a tt h e s ame t i me a t TR 2 06515 ,j u s t s ou th o ft h e p a r i sh b ounda ry b e tween K ing s ton a nd B a rham , m ay b e p a r to ft h i s c eme t e ry , b u t a r e p robab ly f r om a s e pa ra t es i te ( s ee B a rham D own sA ) . T he e a r l ie s td a tab le g r ave sf r om t h i ss i te , c on ta in ing K en t i sh g a rne t in la id d i sc b rooche s , a r eo ft h e l a t e s i x th o re a r ly s even th c en tu r ie s ,a nd t h es i t ea ppea r st oh ave c on t inued i nu s ei n to t h ee a r ly 8 `h c en tu ry . T he c eme t e ry o ccup ie st h eb row o f ag en t le s ou th -w e s tf a c ing s l ope , o ve r look ing t h eL i t t le S t ou rv a l ley t ot h ew e s t . T he C ha lk i sc ove r ed b y at h in s o i l . T h es i te l i e sb e tween t h e7 0 -90m c on tou r s . T he f i e ld i sn ow p a s tu r e . T he r ema in so f as ma l ln umbe ro fb a r row sa r eb a re ly p e r cep t ib le o nt h es u r f a ce . 2 90 . I . NGR : TR O rdnance M in imum

D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l . 1 9895209 . NAR : TR 1 5S E21 . S u rvey R eco rd s . n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : R oya lC o l lege o fS u rg eon s . P ha se s :

4 5

A ppend ix 1 . A pr i l 1 940 - G . Web s t e re xcava t ed ac r ouched b u r ia l a tK ing s ton . T he re w e r e n o f i nd s , b u tt h e RCS d a ted t h es ke le ton a sp agan S axon . T he b u r ia l l a y o nt h e b row o f as ou th -w e s t f a c ing s l ope , w h ich o ve r look s t h e L i t t le S t ou r v a l ley . T he s i t ei sb e tween 7 5 -80m OD . L eed s . 1 50 . I .I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 8 27 15388 . NAR : TQ 8 5 SW7 . Ma id s tone mu seum G az e t t ee r ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 26 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r av e s : 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : N o tk nown . P ha se s : I -V? 1 910 - T he O .S . r e co rd st h a ta nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave w a s f o und , a nd t h a t i tc on ta ined a n i r on s p ea rhead a nd ab ronze s hoe shaped r i v e t . H ow ev e r , ap ho tog raph o ft h e s i t e i n Ma id s tone mu seum s h ow s t wo s k e le ton s i ns epa ra te ,p a ra l le lg r av e s . T he NGR g i ven f a l l s o n w a s t e g r ound , a tt h e e n t rance t o ad i su sed g r av e l p i t . T h i s p l a ce s t h e s i te o n t h el owe rp a r to f an o r th -no r th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,j u s ta bove as t r eam . OD i sa pp rox ima te ly 5 0m . L enham . 1 5 1 . I .T he S quare . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 8 9825215 . NAR : TQ 8 5 S E8 . H a r r i son 1 946 ,x xxv i i i ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 26 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : N o tk nown . P ha se s : ? 1 946 - T h r ee s k e le ton s w e re f o und b enea th a1 5 th c en tu ry h ou se a tT he S qua r e , L enham . T hey w e r e e xcava t ed b yV .J .N ewbu ry , R .F . J e s sup , a nd t h eo wne ro ft h ep rope r ty , R .H . G ood sa l l . T he s k e le ton s w e r e a ccompan ied b y s h ie ld -bo s se s , as wo rd , as p ea rhead , as ma l l k n if e a nd ab uck le . Meaney s t a ted t h a t t h e b od ie s w e r e f ound t o ge the r i no n e g r ave , b u t H a r r i son r e f e r r ed t o ' b u r ia l s ' , s o i ti su nc lea r w he the rt h i sw a s 3g r ave so r as i ng le m u l t ip le b u r ia l . T he s i t es l ope sg en t ly t owa rd st h en o r th -ea s t . OD i sa bou t 18m . 1 52 . I . D oub tf u li n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 9 0245280 . NAR : TQ 9 5 SW2 . N ewbu ry 1 946 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 26 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : N o tk nown . P ha se s : ? March 3 rd 1 946 - Ab u r ia lw a s d i scove r ed d u r ing t h e d i gg ing o f at r ench f o r aw a te rm a in ,j u s tb e low t h e P i lg r im 's Way a bov e L enham . T he o n ly a c company ing o b jec t w a s a n i r on b uck le " of d oub tf u l a ge" , b u ta nA ng lo -Saxon d a t ew ou ld b em o s t l i ke ly f o rt h i sb u r ia l . T he e xcava t ion w a s m ade d u r ing a s now s t o rm ,a nd e xam ina t ion o ft h es i t e i nb e t t e rw ea the rr e vea led n of u r the rf i nd s . T he s i t e i sa tt h eb a se o ft h e s t eep D own land s c a rp , o nt o po f as pu rw h ich f o rm s ar i dge r unn ing s ou th s ou th -w e s tt owa rd sL enham v i l lage . OD i sb e tw een 1 45 150m ,a nd t h eb ed rock i sC ha lk . 1 53 . I I . E a s tL enham . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 9 08517 . NAR : ? K e l ly 1 986 ; H awke s 1 986 ; H awk e sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : 1 986 - Ac oppe ra loy d i sc b rooch ,w i th v e ry c r ude S t y le Id eco ra t ion ,w a sf ound b y am e ta ld e tec to ra t E a s tL enham . H awk e st h ough ti tp robab ly d a ted t ot h ee a r ly 6t h c en tu ry . T he NGR g i ven p l ace st h es i t eo nt h el ow e rs l ope o f as ou th -we s tf a c ing s pu r ,b e tween 1 05 110m OD . L i t t le C har t . 1 54 . I .S urrenden P ark . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 9 3994579 . NAR : TQ 9 4 NW 13 . C ook 1 936 ,2 35 ; Meaney 1 964 , 14 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? 1 936 - D r . L i t t leda le r e cov e r ed a tl e a s t 3h uman s k e le ton s i n ar a g s ton e q ua r ry j u s to u t s ide t h e w a l l s o f S u r r enden P a rk , L i t t le C ha r t . A s soc ia t ed f i nd s i n c luded as p ea rhead , as h ie ld -bo s s a nd t h r ee s h ie ld s t ud s , 2k n ive sa nd 3h ook s . I na dd i t ion , ap i tc on ta in ing c ha r r ed w hea t , a nd c ove r ed b y aR oman r oof t i l e , w a s f ound . T h i s w a s a s sumed t ob e o fR oman d a te , b u tm igh tp o s s ib ly h ave b een a s soc ia t ed w i th t h eA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s . T he s i te i sm id -way d own am ed ium to s t eep ,n o r th -ea s tf a c ing ,s l ope . OD i sb e tween 7 5 -80m .

4 6

A ppend ix 1 . L i t t lebourne . 1 55 . I . How le t t s . I nhuma t ion c eme tery . NGR : TR 2 0075687 . NAR : TR 2 5 N W2 /25 NW28 . S m i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; Sm i th 1 9 18 ; A nonymou s 1 924 ; 1 939 , 7 0 1; Sm i th 1 923 , 5 3-54 ; J e ssup 1 930 , 2 33 ; Sm i th 1 935-6 , 1 3 1-2 ; C umbe r land 1 940 , p l . i i ; L eeds 1 948 , 1 70 -1; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 9 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 25 ; Aven t 1 975 , c orpus n o s . 9 11 , 1 6 , 2 9 -30 , 4 1 , 5 4 , 5 7 , 1 0 1; My res 1 977 , c o rpu s n o s . 4 51-3 , 2 069 , f i g s . 4 6 , 9 , 1 29 , 2 79 ; B r i t ish Mu seum r e co rd s ; H awkes A rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 4 2+ . R eco rded g rave s : 4 2+ . L oca t ion o ff i nds : B r i t ish Mu seum , B r igh ton , P owe l l -Co t ton , C an te rbu ry m u seums . P ha se s : 1 ? -V . P re -1908 - Sm i th n o ted t h a t" . .squa re -headed a nd b u t ton b rooches . . ." f r om I ckham w e re i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum . T h is i s ar e f e rence t o t h e g roup o f o b jec t s l a be l led " How le t t s O ld F ind" i n t h e B r i t ish Museum . T hese a r e s a id t oh ave c ome f r om ag r ave l p i t , b u t i ti sn o t c er ta in w he the r t h ey r ep resen t o ne , o rs evera l , g rave g roup s . T he f i nd s i n c lude t wo s i lve r s qua re -headed b rooche s , ab u t ton b rooch , a g a rne t in la id b rooch f r agmen t , as i lve r f i nge rr i ng , 2c oppe ra l loy b uck les , as t r ip o fc or ruga ted s i lve r , a c oppe ra l loy p in , a nd ac opper a l loy r i ng . c .1 913 - Ag rave l p i t w a s o pened o n aw ooded k no l l k nown a sL udenham ( o r L udd ing ton ) w ood , o n a s ou th -f ac ing c ha lk s pur o ve r look ing t h e L i t t le S tou r . 1 913 -18 - A st h e g rave l p i tw a sw o rked , a r chaeo log ica l f e a tu res a nd f i nds o fv a r iou s d a tes , i n c lud ing a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry , w e re r evea led . T he se w e re i n ve s t iga ted b y C ap ta in L . Moy sey . T he g raves w e re s a id t oh ave b een s c a t te red a c ross t h e e n t i re a r ea o ft h e g rave l p i t , a nd t h ey w e re mos t ly a l igned W -E . G rave s w e re g ene ra l ly a bou t 1 . 20m b e low t h e g round s u rf ace , c u t a bou t 0 . 60m i n to t h e g rave l . Weapon b u r ia ls w e re s a id t ob e mos t ly a tt h e n o r th e nd o ft h e s i te , t hose w i th j ewe l le ry mo s t ly a tt h e s ou th e nd , w i th u naccompan ied b u r ia ls d i s t r ibu ted e ven ly a c ro ss t h e a r ea . T he re a ppea r s t oh ave b een l i t t le a ccura te r e co rd ing o ft h e s i te .

F ind s i n c luded as i lve r q uo i t b rooch s im i la r t o t ha t f r om S ane , 2

s p ea rheads , a n a xe h ead , ap o t , 3g l a ss v e s se ls , s ome b uck le s ( i nc lud ing al a rge c ry s ta l b uck le l o op ) , 2 c r uc if orm b rooches , 2r ad ia te b rooches , a nd as qua re -headed b rooch w i th d i sc -on -bow . " c rude b lack p o t te ry" w er e a l so f ound i n t h e l owe r s o i l a c ro ss t h e s i te .

F ragmen t s o f

S ome w a s s a id t o c on ta in

c a lc ined b one , a nd i tw a s a s sumed t h a t t h is w a s e v idence o fp reh is to r ic c r ema t ions . T he f i nd s f r om a t l e a s tf ou rg rave g roups ( 1 -4 )w e re d esc r ibed , a nd t h e se w e re a cqu i red b yt h e B r i t ish Mu seum . c .1 924 - T he g eo logy o ft h e s i te w a s i n ve s t iga ted d u r ing 3v i s i t s b yH enry D ewey . An umbe ro ff u r the r A ng lo -Saxon g raves ( g rav es i v ) w e re d i scove red a t t h i s t ime . F inds i n c luded af ranc i sca w i th a d eco ra ted p l a te o nt h e s haf ts ocke t , b rooche s , s pea rhead s , b uck les w i th d ecora ted p l a tes , a nd af r agmen t o f aq uo i tb rooch . 1 935 -6 - T he B r i t ish Museum a cqu ired f i nd s f r om g rave s 5o nwa rd s . Unf or tuna te ly , t h e re i ss ome c onf u s ion c oncern ing t h ese g rave g roups , a nd a l a s soc ia t ions o fo b jec t s f r om t h em a r e u ncer ta in . c . 1949 - E v i son i sb e l ieved t oh ave c onduc ted a n e xcava t ion a tt h e s i te , b u t n o f u r the r d i scove r ies w e re m ade . T he c eme te ry a t How le t t s w a s c er ta in ly i nu se t h roughou t t h e 6 th c en tu ry , a nd s ome g rave s p robab ly d a te t ot he e a r ly 7 t h . S ome o ft h e e a r l ie s tg rave s f r om t h e s i te may h ave b een o fl a te 5 t h c en tu ry d a te . T he c eme te ry w a s l o ca ted o n t h e l owe r p a r t o f ag en t le s ou th -f ac ing s l ope , a nd o ve r looked t h e L i t t le S t ou r , wh ich f l ow sj us t t ot h e s ou th .

OD w a s b e tween 2 0 -25m , a nd t h e s i te w a s o n g rave l . T he s i te

n ow l i es w i th in t h e c onf ines o f H ow le t t s Z oo -Pa rk .

T he g rave l w o rk ing s a r e l o ng d i su sed , a nd a r e

u nde rp a s tu re a nd o rcha rd . 1 56 . I . Doub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 2 05570 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 2 5 NW26 . Sm i th 1 848a , p l .xx i i .10 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 85 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 2 ? R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha ses : V ? IX? P re -1848 - C .R . Sm i th i l u s t ra te s aB yzan t ine o r Me rov ing ian g o ld c o in f r om L i t t lebou rne . T he c o in w a s p ar to fR o lf e 's c o l lec t ion . T he OS R eco rd C a rd s l i s tA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia ls w i th b uck les a nd as cea t f r om L i t t lebourne . T he ` s cea t ' r e f er red t o may b et h e c o in i lu s t ra ted b y Sm i th . T he e xac ts i te i sn o tk nown . T hese f i nd s m ay b e f r om p ar to ft he H ow le t t s c eme t e ry . L ower Ha l s tow . 1 57 . I . I nhuma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 8 5716642 o r8 5656650 . NAR : TQ 8 6 NE 17 . P ayne 1 893 , 6 0 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 23 ; H awke s A rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 .R eco rded g rave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : ?P ha ses : ?

4 7

A ppend ix 1 . P r e -1893 - I nd i scu s s ing t h ec ou r se o fa no l dr o ad f r om N ew ing ton t oL owe rH a l s tow , P ayne n o ted t h a t a n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l h ad b een d i scove r ed a l ong i t s e dg e , c on t a in ing as wo rd , s pea rhead a nd o t he r o b jec t s . T he r e i sac onf l ic ti nt h es ou r ce sa bou tt h el o ca t ion o ft h i ss i te . An o t ei nt h eH awke sA r ch iv eg i ve s TQ 8 5656650 a st h el o ca t ion . T he s i t e i sc l o se t ot h a to f aR oman v i l la . L vdden . 1 58 . I .I nhuma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 2 645 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 2 4 NE 12 . G ough 1 786 , I ,x v ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 78 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : 1 760 - Two s k e le ton sw i th a' d agge r ' b e s ide t h em w e r e s a id t oh av e b een f o und a tL ydden . T he e xa c t f i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . L vm inee . 1 59 . I .I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 1 6474070 . NAR : TR 1 4S E 11 . J enk in s 1 885 , 1 68 -9 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 64 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 11-2 ; Wa rhu r s t 1 955 , 3 8 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 27 ; R icha rd son 1 995 , 1 06 -7 ,2 06 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : 1 885 - T he R ev . R .C . J enk in s , l o ca l s e c r e ta ry o ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s , r e po r ted t h e d i scove ry o f A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s a tL ym inge , d u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f t h e E lham V a l ley r a i lway . A" . .g r ea t n umbe ro fh uman b one s . . ." w e re f o und , a l ong w i th an umbe ro fs wo rd sa nd s pea rhead s , 3s h ie ld -bo s se s , ar a d ia t ea nd ac r uc if o rm b r ooch ,a nd w ha tw a sp r obab ly ab r ac tea t e . T h e s i t e , i n ac u t t ing j u s tn o r th o ft h eb r idge c a r ry ing t h e L ym inge t oP add le swo r th r oad , l i e sa lmo s ta t t h e b a se o f ag en t le w e s t -f a c ing s l ope , OD a bou t 1 0 5m . T he s l op e a bove t h e s i t e i sc u r r en t ly ( 1 996 ) , u nde rp a s tu r e . T he s i te o ft h eN unn e ry , f o unded i nt h e 7 t h -cen tu ry ,l i e s o nt h e o ppo s i te , s t eepe r , s l ope , a pp rox ima t e ly 2 80m a way . 1 60 . I . M ixed c eme te ry . NGR : TR 1 6 384 169 . NAR : TR 1 4S E 12 . Wa rhu r s t 1 954 -5 , 2 28 -31 ; Wa rhu r s t 1 955 , 1 40 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 27 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 3 1 -2 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o s . 3 094 -5 , f i g s . 6 4 ,9 5 ; A rno ld 1 980 , 8 6 -7 , 9 4 -5 , 10 12 , 16 17 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 62 -4 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ; P a rf i t t2 002a , Ma id s tone m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 07 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 0 7 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : 1 953 - D u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f as h ed , w o rkmen d i scove r ed h uman r ema in s . Ar e scue e x cava t ion l e d b y A lan Wa rhu r s t , a r cha eo log ica l a s s i s tan t a t Ma id s tone m u seum , f o und at o ta l o f 8A ng lo -Saxon g r av e s . 1 954 - F u r the r e xcava t ion b y Wa rhu r s t i mmed ia t e ly t ot h e s ou th o fg r ave s 1 8 r e cove r ed af u r the r 3 6 b u r ia l s . T he e xcava t ion st h u sf a rw e r ef a i r ly f u l ly p ub l i shed i nA rchaeo log ia C an t iana . 1 955 - Af u r the r 2 0 g r ave s w e r e e xcava t ed ( b u t n eve r p ub l i shed ) , b r ing ing t h e t o ta l t o6 4 , w i th n o i n d ica t ion t h a tt h e l i m i t so ft h ec eme te ry h ad b een r e a ched . S ome o ft h e f i nd s , a nd al i s to ft h ec on ten t s o ft h e se g r ave s , a r e i n Ma id s tone m u seum , b u tm o s to ft h er e co rd s o fg r ave s4 5 -64 w e re l a t e rd e s t royed b y ab omb i nB e lf a s t . S ummer 2 002 - T he D ove r A r cha eo log ica l G roup e xcava t ed 5t r en che s a bou t 1 55m t ot h en o r th -ea s t o ft h e e a r l ie rd i scove r ie s , a sa n e va lua t ion a head o ft h e c on s t ruc t ion o f as and schoo l o n t h e s i t e . T h e c u t s o f af u r the r 4 3 d ef in i t e o rp robab le g r ave s ( wh ich w e r e a l loca ted t h e n umbe r s 1 01143 , l e av ing n umbe r s 6 5 100 u na l loca t ed )w e r e i d en t if i ed i nt h et r enche s , w h ich w e re d ug a c ro s s a n a r ea m ea su r ing 3 0 b y 6 2m . I ts e em s c e r ta in t h a t m any m o r e g r ave s r ema in t o b e f o und i nt h e a r ea s b e tw een t h e t r enche s , a nd b e tween t h i s a r ea a nd t h e g r ave s e xcava t ed d u r ing t h e 1 950 's . Two o f t h e g r ave s e xcava t ed i n2 002 w e r e c r ema t ion s ( g rave s 1 08 a nd 12 ) ; t wo i n huma t ion s w e re a l so e x cava t ed ( g rave s 18 a nd 1 38 ) . T he r ema in ing g r ave s w e r e p l anned b u t n o t e xcava ted , a l though t r i a l s l o t s r e vea led t h ep r e sence o fb one i n1 3o t he r s . G rave 17 w a sc u tb y 1 0 8 , o ne o ft h e c r ema t ion b u r ia l s . A t r i a l s l o t i n to g r ave 17 r e vea led ac omp le t e h o r se s ku l l a nd a r t icu la ted n eck b one s , i mp ly ing i ti st h e b u r ia lo f ac omp le t eh o r se . T he f i nd s f r om t h i s s i t e , i n c lud ing m any b r ooch e s , b uck le s , g l a s s a nd p o t t e ry v e s se l s , a nd s om e w eapon s , r a nge i nd a te f r om c . AD 4 25 t o 50 . E v i son s ugge s t ed t h ree ( ove r lapp ing ) p ha se so fg r ave s : AD 4 25 -500 ( 5g r ave s ) , 4 80 -520 ( 1 0 g r av e s ) , a nd 5 00 -550 ( 5 g r ave s ) . A l though E v i son 's d a t ing o f

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A ppend ix 1 . s ome g rave s t o b ef o r e c i r ca 4 50 m u s t b e q ue s t ioned , i ts e em s c e r ta in t h a t s ome o f t h e g r ave s a t L ym inge mu s tb e a mong s tt h e e a r l ie s tG e rman ic b u r ia l s i nK en t . N o 7 `h c en tu ry m a te r ia l h a sy e tb een r e cov e red f r om t h es i t e . T he s i t e l i e s o nt h e h i ghe s tp o in t( OD 10m ) o f ac ha lk s pu rw h ich e x t end s i n to t h e E lham V a l ley j u s t t ot h e n o r th o fL ym ing e . I to v e r look s t h e L i t t le S t ou r t ot h e s ou th -ea s t . T he p a r i sh b ounda ry w i th E lham l i e s i mmed ia t e ly t ot h e n o r th -ea s t . T he l i m i t s o ft h e c eme te ry r ema in t ob e e s tab l i shed i na ny d i rec t ion , a nd i tn ow s e em sl i ke ly t h a tt h i s s i t e c omp r i se ss eve ra lh und red g r ave s ,t h em a jo r i ty o fw h ich r ema in u nexcava ted . T he s i te i su nde r p e rmanen t p a s tu re , a nd s o i sn o t c u r ren t ly t h r ea t ened b y p l ough ing o ri l ic i tt r ea su r eh un t ing ,d ue t ot h ed ep th o ft h eg r ave s . 1 6 1 . I I . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 1 6254035 . NAR : TR 1 4S E58 . A ge r 1 983 , 5 9 -65 . R icha rd son 1 995 , 1 06 -7 ,2 18 -9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : I . 1 982 - A n A ng lo -Saxon c r uc if o rm b rooch w a s f o und b y M r . W . L a ing w h i l s t d i gg ing h i s g a rden a t L ym inge . T he f i nd s po t w a s c .3 80m s ou th o ft h e L ym inge Ic eme te ry . H oweve r , i ti sn o t k nown w he the rt h eb rooch c am e f r om ag r ave ; i tw a s i n ad amaged s t a t e , w i th t h e f o o tm i s s ing , a nd m ay h ave b een as t ray f i nd . T he b r ooch i sa ne a r ly f o rm o fA be rg 's g r oup I ,a nd p robab ly d a te s t ot h e m id -5 th c en tu ry . B o th t h i s b rooch , a nd t h e c r uc if o rm b r ooch f r om L ym ing e I ,h av e p a ra l le l s w i th s ou th S cand inav ian p i ece s . T he f md s po t i sa bou t6 40m s ou th -ea s to fL ym inge C hu r ch , a d ja cen tt ot h em a in r o ad o u to fL ym inge ,o n an o r th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope . OD i sa bou t 10m . L vmpne . 1 62 . I .B e l levue . I nhuma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 1 0963499 . NGR : TR 1 3 SW2 . S m i th 1 849a , 1 58 ; 1 850a , 2 63 -4 ; H i l l s 1 856 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 64 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 12 ; H a rden 1 9 56a , 1 64 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 27 ; E v i son 1 979 , 7 1 , 1 32 ; R icha rd son 1 995 , 2 08 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ?R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r igh ton? , C h iche s t e r ? m u seum s . P ha se s : I V -V? c .1 828 - A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e r e d i scove r ed i n as ma l l s t one q ua r ry o n t h e b row o ft h e h i l l a t B e l levue , L ympne . N o o t h e r d e ta i l s a r e k nown o ft h e c i r cum s tance s o ft h e d i scove ry , t h ough 2 0 y ea r s l a t e rt h ef i nd sw e r es a id t ob ei nt h ep o s se s s ion o fM r . W . H i l l so fC h iche s te rm u seum . T he f i nd s i n c luded s p ea rh ead s , as ho r t s wo rd " 15 i n che s l o ng " ( 3 8cm ; p r e sumab ly as e ax ) , as h ie ld b o s s , ag l a s s v e s se l , aF r ank i sh w hee l th rown v e s se l , a nd aF rank i sh b uck le a nd b e l t -p la t e . T he g l a s s v e s se l , a" p la in g l a s ss qua tj a r " , i si nB r igh ton m u seum . T he f i nd sd a te t ot h e6 t ha nd 7 t hc en tu r ie s . T he s i te o ft h e q ua r ry , n ow o ve rg rown a nd l o ng d i su sed , l i e sj u s t w i th in t h e g r ound s o fP o r t L ympn e Z oo P a rk , i mmed ia t e ly t ot h e w e s t o f as unken b r id le -way t h a t l e ad s d own t h e h i l l . T o t h e e a s t o ft h e b r id le -way i sw ood land , w he re m o r e g r ave s m igh t s u rv ive . T he s i tua t ion , o n t h e b row o ft h e r i dge o f h i l l s o ve r look ing t h e s e aa nd t h e m a r she s t ot h e s ou th , i sn o tab le f o r i t ss im i la r i ty t ot h a t o ft h e n ea rby s i t e so fA ld ing ton /Lympne a nd Hy the I . OD i sa bou t 1 00m . 1 6 3 . I . P or tL ympne . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 1 02 13499 . NAR : TR 1 3 SW6 . M eaney 1 964 , 1 27 ; My r e s 1 977 , I ,3 02 , I ,2 79 ; R icha rd son 1 994 , 1 02 -3 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 13 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 ? R eco rd ed g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : F o lke s tone m u seum? P ha se s : ? 1 913 - As ma l l p o t w a s s a id t oh ave b een f ound a tL ympne w hen S i r P h i l l ip S a s soon 's h ou se , P o r t L ympne , w a s b u i l t . I tw a s d i sp lay ed w i th 7 s ma l l b l ue g l a s s b ead s , t h ough w he the r t h ey w e r e a s soc ia ted w i th i tw a su nc lea r . H ow eve r , t h e p o t d e sc r ibed a nd c a ta logued b y My r e s a s b e ing f r om P o r t L ympne w a s i nf a c t f r om F o lk e s tone I I , g r ave 1 2 , a nd h ad b een f o und i n1 906 , w hen i tw a s d e sc r ibed i n al o ca l n ew spape r . I t w a s a l so d e sc r ibed , w i th m ea su r emen t s , i nt h e e xcava to r 's s i t e n o t e s , a nd i sf e a tu r ed i n ap o s tca rd s h ow ing f i nd s f r om F o lke s tone I I . I tm ay b e t h a t ap o t w a s f o und w hen P o r t L ympne w a s b u i l t , a nd t h a tt h eD ov e rH i l le xamp l ew a ss ub sequen t ly m i s taken f o ri t . T he s i te o ft h eh ou se i sa pp rox ima t e ly 7 30m d ue w e s to ft h eB e l levue c eme t e ry , OD 7 5 -80m . 1 64 . I I . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 1 25349 o r 1 2 573501 . NAR : TR 1 3 SW25 /TR 13 NW54 . E v i son 1 979 , 8 6 ,f . 26 ; R i cha rd son 1 995 ,2 19 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C ranb rook S choo l ,C an te rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : V ? -V I?

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 882 -9 - Two h and -made v a se s w e r e f o und . E v i son s ugg e s t ed t h a tt h ey w e r e c op ie s o fw hee l th rown f o rm s . T he s i te i sj u s t b e low t h e b row o f t h e h i l l , o ve r look ing R omney Ma r sh t o t h e s ou th . I ti s i mmed ia t e ly a d ja cen tt o ar o ad w h ich t h ough tt ob et h e c on t inua t ion o f S t one S t r ee tt ot h e e dg e o ft h e m a r sh . OD i sa pp rox ima t e ly 8 0m . I V . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : R e s t r ic t ed . NAR : N one . E van s2 003 ; P o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie sS cheme r e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd : P r iva t ec o l lec t ion . P ha se s : J une 2 001 - AK en t i sh d i sc b r ooch o fA ven t 's C la s s 2 . 1 w a s d i scove r ed b y am e ta l d e t ec to r i s t a nd r e po r ted a sT r ea su r e . T he c ond i t ion o ft h e b rooch , w h ich i sc omp le te a pa r t f r om i t s c en t r a l s e t t ing , s ugge s t s t h e p o s s ib i l i ty t h a t i tw a s d e r iv ed f r om ad i s tu rbed b u r ia l , r a the r t h an r e p re sen t ing ac a sua l l o s s . Ma id s tone . 1 6 5 . I . Whee ler S tree t . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 7 62856 16 . NAR : TQ 7 5 NE30 . C ha r le s 1 844 , 5 35 -6 ; P o s te 1 858 , 1 66 ; S co t t -Robe r t son 1 883 , 7 2 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 4 1 ; J e s sup 1 9 30 , 2 34 ; 1 9 50 , 13 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 27 -8 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 2 1 , p 1 .38 ; A ven t &L e igh 1 977 ,2 2 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : V . 1 823 - " Va r iou ss e pu lch ra la n t iqu i t ie s" , s a id t oh ave b een m a in ly A ng lo -Saxon i nd a te , w e r ed i s cove r ed i n Whee le rS t r ee td u r ing e xcava t ion o ft h e f o unda t ion sf o rt h eL an ca s t r ian S choo l . 1 836 - D u r ing t h e d i gg ing o ff o unda t ion s f o rh ou se s o n t h e e a s t s i de o f Whee le r S t ree t , s e v e ra l g r ave s w e r ef o und a tt h el owe re nd o ft h es t r ee t . F i nd sr e co rded w e r e as wo rd , as ma l ls p ea rhead ,a nd as h ie ld b o s s . A t t h e m idd le a nd u ppe r p a r t s o ft h e s t r ee t p o t t e ry v e s se l s w e r e f ound . T he se m ay h ave b een R oman ,b u tn ea r at wo -hand led v e s se lw a sd i scove r ed ag a rne t se td i sc b rooch . 1 908 - R .A . Sm i th l i s t ed ab r ooch s e tw i th T shaped g a rne t s , as hoe shaped s t ud , af i ve spok ed b ronz e w hee li mp lemen ta nd aw i r eb r a ce le t , a l li n Ma id s tone m u seum , a sh av ing b een f o und a tt h i ss i t e . T he b rooch i s ag ar n e t in la id K en t i sh d i sc b rooch o fA ven t 's c l a s s 6 . 1 , d a tab le t ot h e v e ry l a t e 6 t h o r e a r ly 7 t hc en tu ry . T he a r ea o ft h e s i t e i sn ow c omp le t e ly d eve loped . T he g r ound s l ope s g en t ly s ou th -we s twa rd st owa rd s t h e Medway ,w h ich f l ow ss om e5 00m t ot h ew e s t . OD i sb e tween 3 0 -35m . 1 66 . I . B rewery . I s o la t ed f i nd s . NGR : TQ 7 5655559 . NAR : TQ 7 5 NE73 . Ma id s tone m u seum r e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? c .1 870 1- A nA ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead a nd k n if ew e r ed ug u pa t Medway B rew e ry . T he s i t ei sw i th in a bou t2 5m o ft h ew e s tb ank o ft h e Medway . OD i s1 0 15m . 1 67 . I I . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 655 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TQ 7 5 NE 12 1 . B ru ce -M i tf o rd 1 974a . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : V . 1 973 - T he B r i t i sh Mu seum a cqu i r ed a g o ld s wo rd m oun t , s a id t o h ave b een f ound " a t o r n ea r Ma id s tone" . T he p i ece , as ma l l s h ee t o ft r apezo ida l f o rm , w i th c e n t ra l c r uc if o rm g a rne t s e t t ing , a nd f i l ig r ee d eco ra t ion ,p robab ly f o rmed o ne s i de o f ah o l low t r unca t ed p y ram id moun t . P a ra l le l si n c lude a p a i rf o und i nt h eS u t ton H oo s h ip b u r ia l ,a nd a ne a r ly 7 t hc en tu ry d a te f o rt h i sp i ece i sl i ke ly . Ma ma te . 1 68 . I .H a lf -M i le R ide ( Aka S t .J ohn 's ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 3 49869 13 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW23 . D ixon 1 848 , 8 8 ; 1 850 ,2 4 ; R owe 1 923a ; R owe 1 923b ; R owe 1 923c ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 28 ; P e rk in s 1 987 ; P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 5 ; Ma id s tone m u seum g aze t tee r . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 4 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : Ma rga te P ub l ic L ib ra ry . P ha se s : V I I? IX .

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A ppend ix 1 . c .1 848 - D ixon r e co rded t h ed i scove ry o f an umbe ro fg r ave sw hen an ew r oad w a sm ade f r om Ma rga te t oM in s te r . T hough D ixon p l aced t h e i rd i scove ry n ea rt h e D ene C hape l , R owe t hough tt h a tt h i s w a s a n e r ro r , a nd t h a tt h ey w e re p a r to ft h es ame c eme te ry w h ich h e s ub sequen t ly d ug a tS t . J ohn 's c eme te ry . 1 863 - R owe r e co rded ( s ou r ce u nknown )t h a t 9g r ave s h ad b een d i scove red w hen t h et op o ft h e h i l l w a s l owe red . O r ien ta t ion o ft h e g r ave s v a r ied b e tween WN W -ESE a nd NW -SE . T he s ke le ton s a ppea r t o h ave b een s up ine , b u t t wo m ay h ave b een i nc on t rac ted p o s i t ion s . T hough p oo r s ke le ta l p r e se rva t ion m ade i td i ff icu l tt od e term ine a ge a nd s ex , o ne g r ave a ppea r s t oh ave b een ac h i ld 's , a nd ar e f e rence t o " . .a w oman a nd ag i r l , e ach w i th a n a cce s so ry v e s se l . . ." p o s s ib ly m ean s ad oub le b u r ia l . A pa r t f r om t h e p o t te ry v e s se l s w h ich a ccompan ied t h e w oman a nd g i r l , 3o t he r g rave s c on ta ined g ood s , n ame ly 3 s pea rhead s , ak ey , ak n if ea nd ab uck le . 1 893 - Ag rave w a s f ound w hen t h ew a l l o ft h em oder nc eme te ry w a sb u i l t . T h i s f i nd w a s m ade i nf r on t o fB lack C o t tage s , w h ich p l ace s i tu nde r t h e s ou the rn w a l l o ft h e c eme te ry , a bou t 1 8m f r om t h e r o ad a nd t h eo t he rd i scove r ie s . D ecember 1 922 - D r . A . R owe i n ve s t iga ted t h e d i scove ry o fh uman s ke le ton s d u r ing r oadwo rk 's a tS t . J ohn 's . 2 0 i n huma t ion s ( g rave s 1 20 ) w e re e xcava ted a nd r e co rded b y h im . A l l w e re a ppa r en t ly o r ien ta ted b e tween a bou t 2 90 ° -315 ° , a nd m any s howed s i gn s o fd i s tu rbance . T he g rave s w e r e c u t i n to t h e c ha lk o rb u l lhead , a nd a l b u t o ne h ad r ounded b o t toms . D ep th v a r ied b e tween 0 . 45 -0 .90m , l e ng th b e tween 1 . 40 -2 .40m , a nd w id th b e tween 0 . 48 1 .20m . 1 923 - R oad w iden ing w a s c a r r ied o u t , a nd i ts e em s f r om R owe 's p l an s t h a t af u r the r 4g rave s ( 2 1-24 ) w e r e d i scove red a t t h i s t ime . I n t h e s ame y ea r , R owe q uo ted a M r . H o l tum a s s ay ing t h a t h e r emembe red b one sb e ing p l oughed u p o nt h el a nd t ot h ew e s to ft h er oad . S ep tember 1 924 - Ac oppe ra l loy b uck le i nt h e R owe b eque s t i n Ma rga te L ib ra ry i sl a be l led a sh av ing b een o b ta ined f r om t h e c eme te ry , n ea r t h e w a l l a t ad ep th o f a bou t 1 . 30m . T h is m ay h ave b een a c hance f i nd b y ag raved igge r . T he b uck le h a s a n o pen -wo rk p l a te , a nd d a te s t o t h e l a te 7t h c en tu ry . O n ly 9o ft h e2 4 r e co rded g r ave s c on ta ined s u rv iv ing g r ave g ood s . G rave 1 4 c on ta ined a n i r on b uck le w i th t r iangu la r p l a te , o f 7t h c en tu ry d a te , a nd a d a te r a nge o f m id o r l a te 7t h t o 8t h c en tu ry s e em s p robab le f o r t h i s c eme te ry 's u se . A g r een g l a s s b a se c up , s im i la r t o t ho se f r om G i l ton g r ave 5 2 , C ha tham L ine s g rave I V a nd D ove r Vw a s f o und p acked i nt h e mu seum i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h e f i nd s f r om t h i sc eme te ry T he c eme te ry o ccup ie st h eb row o f ag en t le n o r th -we s tf a c ing C ha lk r i dge . OD i sb e tween 3 0 -33m . 1 69 . I . Gas A l ley ( Aka G or se A l ley ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 5737089 /357710 . NAR : TR 3 7 S E35 / 37 S E36 . R owe 1 923a ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 28 ; P e rk in s e ta l1 987 , 4 8 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : ?P ha se s : ? 1 840 - H uman s ke le ton s w e r e s a id t oh ave b een f o und w hen t h e G a s C ompany w a s l a y ing p i pe s i nG a s A l ley ( TR 3 5737089 ) , p rev iou s ly k nown a sG o r se A l ley . Many s ke le ton s w e re l y ing s i de b y s i de , a nd k n ive sa nd s pea rhead sa ccompan ied s ome o ft h em . P re -1923 - R owe n o ted t h a t 2s ke le ton s h ad b een f ound i nG a swo rk s y a rd , a l ong w i th ak n if e . A l so , n ume rou sh uman b one s a r e r e por ted t oh ave b een f o und i ng a rden s o n t h e l owe rp a r t o fD ane H i l l ( TR 3 577 10 ) ,a nd t h e se m ay h ave b een f r om t h es ame c eme te ry . T he se b u r ia l s w e re l o ca ted o n t h e s l ope a nd b o t tom o f w ha t i sn ow a d ry v a l ley w h ich r u n s n or th w e s twa rd st owa rd s t h e s ea . OD i sb e tween 5 10m . 1 70 . I I . N or thdown . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TR 3 79705 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : TR 3 7 S E20 . O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 ; P e rk in s e ta l1 987 , 4 8 ; H awke s A rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : ? 1 841 / 1898 - Two g l a ss b ead sa nd ab rooch w e re s a id t oh ave b een f ound i ng rave a tN or thdown . T he re i sc onf u s ion i nt h e r e co rd s a bou tw hen t h i s g r ave w a s d i scove red . I tm ay b et h a tt h e re w e re t wo g r ave s , d i scove red i ne ach y ea r . 1 7 1 . I V . M i l lmead E s ta te . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 3 770 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : n one . P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 8 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om D R JP e rk in s . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : ?R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? c .1 950 's / 1960 's - A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia ls a r es a id t oh ave b een d i s tu rbed d u r ing t h e b u i ld ing o ft h e M i l lmead E s ta te .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 72 . V . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 3 268 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 3 6 NW7 . Ma id s tone m u seum g az e t tee r . L oca t ion o ff i nd : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1923 - Aw hee l th rown p o t te ry b o t t le w a ss a id t oh ave b een f o und a tS ho tenden P l a ce , Ma rga t e ,b y D r .R owe . I tm ay b et h a tt h ef i nd s po tw a sS ho t t enden R oad ,w h ich w ou ld p l a ce i tn ea rt h eH a lf -M i le r i de c eme t e ry . 1 7 3 . V I . D oub tf u li n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 3 74696 . NAR : TR 3 6 NE 139 . T hane tA r cha eo log ica lT ru s tr e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .N o . o fr e co rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff md s :n one . P ha se s : ? P r e -1988 - T he c r op -ma rk so f ap o s s ib le A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry w e re i d en t if ied . T he s i te l i e sm id -way d own ag en t le s ou th -w e s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 3 0 -35m OD . V I I . S a lme s tone G range . D oub tf u li n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : 3 539669404 . NAR : P end ing . T hane tA r chaeo log ica lT ru s tr e co rd s . M in imum n umbe ro fg r ave s : 3 . N o . o fr e co rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? 2 000 - T he T ru s t f o r T hane t A r cha eo logy c a r r ied o u t a n e va lua t ion a tl a nd a d jacen t t o S a lme s tone G range , Ma rga te . As i ng le g r ave a l igned e a s t -we s t w a s e xcava ted . T h i s c on ta ined t h e s k e le ton o fa m a le a g ed 2 1-25 y ea r s , s up ine w i th l e g s f l exed t owa rd st h en or th . I tc on ta ined n o g r ave g ood s ,b u tw a s t h ough tl i ke ly t ob eA ng lo -Saxon . Two o t he rg r ave c u t sw e r e i d en t if ied b u tn o te xcava t ed . Mer sham . 1 74 . I .( Aka Smee th ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 0 5903965 o r0 5783920 . NAR : TR 0 3 NE 10 /03 NE 18 . H ughe s 1 828 ; Ma s t e r s a nd F r iend 1 828 ; Sm i th 1 8 52 , 1 6 3 , p l .xxxv i i .5 , p l . x xxv i i i .6 -7 ; F au s se t t 1 8 56 , x i x ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; C ook 1 933 ; B akka 1 9 58 , 6 0 , f . 52 ; H awke s 1 963a ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 2 8 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 7 ; A ven t &L e igh 1 977 , 1 6 , 1 9 , 3 4 , 4 0 ; L e igh 1 984 , 7 1 ; R icha rd son 1 9 95 , 7 2 ; B rugmann ( f o r thcom ing ) . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r av e s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry mu seum . P ha se s : I . 1 828 - T h r ee g r ave sw e re f o und o nB owe rF a rm , Me r sham ,b y af a rm l a bou re rd i gg ing f o r s t one f o r r o ad m end ing . E dwa rd H ughe s , o f Smee th H i l l H ou se , p r e sen ted t h e f i nd s t o t h e C an t e rbu ry P h i lo log ica l & L i t e ra ry S oc ie ty , w he r e t h ey w e r e e xh ib i ted a s R oman a n t iqu i t ie s f r om S mee th . I na dd i t ion t ot h e f i nd s a t t r ibu t ed t og r ave s Aa nd B b y H awke s ( wh ich i n c lud ed as qua r e h eaded b rooch , K en t i sh d i sc b rooch , t wo F r ank i sh b rooche s a nd a c oppe r a l loy b ow l ) , ' g i rd le o r namen t s ' a r el i s t ed a sh av ing b een a mong s tt h ef i nd sd ona t ed b yH ughe s . T he g r oup o fb rooche s i ng r ave A d a te t h eb u r ia lt ot h em idd le d ecade so ft h e 66'c en tu ry . T he s i te i sp robab ly o ne o ft wo s t one p i t s o n B ow e rf a rm ,w h ich a r et h ough tt oh ave b een u s ed f o rr o ad m end ing i nt h e 1 820 's . 1 7 5 . I . D oub tf u li s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 0 539 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 0 3 NE9 . H i l l s 1 856 ,2 95 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C h iche s te r mu seum ? P ha se s : ? 1 853 - As ma l l g l obu la ru rn , t h ough tt ob e S axon , f o und a t Me r sham w i th aS am ian s auce ra nd s ma l l c up ,w a si nC h ich e s te rm u seum . M i l ton R e2 i s . 1 76 . I .C ook 's L ane . I nhuma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 9 0496477 . NAR : TQ 9 6 SW56 . S m i th 1 926 ; R igo ld 1 960 ,4 6 -7 ; H awk e sa nd G rove 1 963 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 28 -9 ; R igo ld a nd Web s t e r 1 970 , 1 8 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 ,2 56 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : V ? -V I I I .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 916 - V a r iou s f i nd s o fA ng lo -Saxon d a t e w e r e d i scove r ed d u r ing g r ave l d i gg ing j u s t t ot h e n o r th o f C ook 's L ane , M i l ton R eg i s . T he f i nd s w e r e k ep t b y o ne o ft h e g r ave l d i gge r s , M r . R . M i l l s . A l l t h e f i nd st h a tw e r el a te ra cqu i r ed b yt h eB r i t i sh Mu seum a nd Ma id s tone mu seum w e r ef ound a tt h i st i me . 1 921 - S i rH .R ead p r e sen ted ac i r cu la rg o ld p endan tf o und b yM r . M i l l st ot h eB r i t i sh Mu seum . c .1 920 's - M r . E .E a lden p r e sen t ed t h e B r i t i sh Mu seum w i th t wo mo r e c i r cu la rg o ld p endan t s a nd s i x s c ea t ta sf r om t h es i te . 1 959 - Ma id s tone mu seum p u rcha sed 1 4s c ea t ta sf r om M r .D .M . Wa t e r s ,g r ea tn ephew o fM r . M i l l s . 1 962 - Ma id s ton e mu seum p u r cha sed f r om M r . Wa te r s t h e r ema in ing f i nd s f r om t h e s i te ; ap o t te ry v e s se l , ac oppe ra loy b uck le ,3 2g l a s sb ead s ,a nd 3m o re g o ld p endan t s . A l though t h e se f i nd s c l ea r ly r e p r e sen t ac o l lec t ion o fg r ave g ood s , i ti sn o t k nown f r om h ow m any g r ave st h ey c ome , n o rw h ich f i nd s a r e a s soc ia t ed . H oweve r , i ts e em s l i ke ly t h ey a r e f r om a tl e a s tt wo o rt h r ee g r ave s . T he b u ck le p robab ly d a te s t ot h e f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 7 t h c en tu ry a nd t h e p endan t s t oc . 6 50 -75 . T he s c ea t ta s a r e o fs e r ie s Aa nd B ( c . 6 80 -7 10 ) . T he r e i sn o r e a son t op l ace t h e o t he r f i nd s o u t s ide o ft h e7 t hc en tu ry . T h i ss i te a ppea r st oh ave o ccup ied ag en t le s ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,o nt h e 1 0m c on tou r . 1 77 . I . B r ickf ie ld s . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 9 11653 . NAR : TQ 9 6 NW 11 /96 NW24 . P ayne 1 889b ,2 07 -8 ; P ayne 1 893 , 18 -2 1 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 74 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 38 ; Sm i th 1 923 , 5 3 ; J e s sup 1 930 , 2 36 , p l .x i .5 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 38 , 1 60 1 ; C ook 1 960 , 1 8 1-2 ; H awke s a nd G rove 1 963 , 3 6 -7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 29 ; R igo ld a nd Web s t e r 1 970 , 1 8 ; L e igh 1 980 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , Ma id s tone m u seum ,C an te rbu ry mu seum . P ha se s : I ? I I I . F ebruary 1 889 - A nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave ( g rave 1 )w a sd i scove r ed i nW i l l sa nd P ackham s ' b r ickf ie ld . O c tober 1 889 - C .R . Sm i th o b ta ined d r aw ing s o f A ng lo -Saxon f i nd s f o und a tM i l ton f r om a M r . S h i l l ing . I ti st h ough tt h a tt h e se f i nd sp robab ly c am ef r om t h es ame b r ick f ie ld sa sg r ave 1 ,a nd t h a tt h ey w e re f o und a ta r ound t h e s ame t ime . T he d r aw ing s s howed 6s p ea rhead s , as p ea r s o cke t , 3k n ive s , a s wo rd , f r agmen t s o fa no the r s wo rd , p a r t o f ac oppe r a loy s wo rd h i l t , t wo c oppe r a loy b ang le s a nd 3 f i nge r r i ng s o ft h e s ame m a t e r ia l . A l so ag l a s s c one b eak e r , ac r y s ta l b a l l w i th g o ld b and s , ac oppe r a l loy s qua r e -headed b rooch a nd a c e l l -wo rk ' f i gu r e o f e i gh t ' o rnamen t , p robab ly o f F rank i sh m anuf ac tu re . L a te 1 9t h c en tury - Two g l a s s b ang le s w e r e f o und " . . . in a f i e ld n ea r M i l ton R eg i s C hu r ch ( TQ 9 090654 1) , b y w o rkmen d i gg ing f o r b r ick e a r th . . ." . T he b ang le s a r e o fg r een g l a s s , w i th m ou lded d eco ra t ion , a nd a r eo fR oman o rA ng lo -Saxon d a t e . A l though t h ee xa c tf i nd s po ti sn o tk nown , i ts e em s l i ke ly t h a tt h ey c ame f r om t h eB r ickf ie ld ss i t e . c . 1905 - T he B r i t i sh Mu seum o b ta ined t wo g l a s s c one b eake r s f r om M i l ton R eg i s . T hey w e r e f o und i n F o r ty A c r e F i e ld , b e tween M i l ton C hu rch , S i t t ingboume , a nd M i l ton U n ion . A l so a c ce s s ion ed t o1 905 a r e t h r ee l a rge s i lve r s qua r e -headed b r ooche s , s a id t oh av e c ome f r om M i l ton R eg i s ; t h e se m ay h ave c ome f r om t h i ss i t e . T he 1 889 f i nd sw ou ld a ppea rt ob e o fe a r ly t om id -e c en tu ry d a te . T he t h r ee b rooche s f o und c . 1905 w e r e c on s ide r ed b y L e igh t o b e e a r ly i nt h e s e r ie s o f K en t i sh s qua re -h eaded b rooche s , t h u s w e r e p robab ly m anuf a c tu r ed c .5 00 -510 . G rave 1w a s f ound a bou t 1 80m " . . sou th o f af o o tpa th l e ad ing f r om t h e M i l ton N a t iona l S choo l s t o K em s ley D own s . . ." , a nd a bou t2 75m n or th o f aR oman c eme te ry a tB ex H i l l . T he s i t e i so n l ow g r ound w e s to fM i l ton C r eek . OD i sb e low 5 m . 1 78 . I I . Hugg in 's F i e ld s( Aka F a ir Meadow s ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NOR : TQ 9 05639 /90596405 . NAR : TQ 9 6 SW27 . V a l iance 1 844 ; Sm i th 1 848a , 9 7 106 ; A k e rman 1 8 55a , 6 0 , p l .xx ix .5 ; P ayne 1 893 , 1 0 3 -8 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 73 -4 ; 1 923 , 5 3 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 38 ; E v i son 1 963 , 4 8 , 5 2 , 8 6 ; H awke s a nd G rove 1 963 , 3 6 -7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 28 -9 ; R igo ld a nd Web s t e r 1 970 ; A v en t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 7 1 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o s . 1 060 ,3 763 (? ) ,f i g s . 1 6 (? ) ,4 6 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 5 0 . R eco rded g r ave s : 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , D ove rm u seum . P ha se s : V -V I I I? 1 824 -5 G rave s a nd c r ema t ion u rn s w e re d i scov e r ed d u r ing e xcava t ion s f o r b r ick -ea r th i nH ugg in 's F i e ld s , t ot h e s ou th -ea s to fM i l ton R eg i s . T he R ev . W i l l iam V a l ia n ce a t tended t h e s i te a f te rh ea r ing o f t h e i n i t ia l d i scove r ie s . V a l iance n o ted t h a t b ef o r e h i s a r r iva l , " . .many a r t ic le s w e r e c a r r ied a way a nd s o ld . . ." . H e m anaged t o p rocu r e an umbe r o f o b jec t s h oweve r , i n c lud ing g l a s s b ead s , a me thy s t p endan t s , ac oppe ra l loy b uck le w i th t r iangu la rp l a t e , a nd ap o t te ry v e s se l . O the rf i nd s i n c luded a n i r on

5 3

A ppend ix 1 . s wo rd a nd as wo rd b ead . V a l iance a l so m en t ion s s wo rd s , s p ea r s a nd k n ive s b e ing f ound , s wo rd s a nd k n iv e sg ene ra l ly b e ing t ot h el e f to ft h eb ody , s p ea rhead st ot h er i gh to ft h e l e g s , p o in tt owa rd st h e f e e t . T he d i scove ry i ns ub sequen ty ea r so fn umbe r so fB ronz eA ge c r ema t ion ss ugg e s t st h a tt h eu rn sf ound a t t h i st i me w e r ep r eh i s to r ic r a the rt h an A ng lo -Saxon i nd a t e . F ebruary - Mar ch 1 826 - B r ick -ea r th d i gg ing r e sumed a f t e r as ho r t c e s sa t ion , a nd m o r e A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s w e r e d i scove r ed , V a l lance m a rk ing 2 8 o n h i s p l an o ft h e f i e ld s . Two b u r ia l s l a y i nt h e " uppe r f i e ld" , a bou t 1 40m t ot h e s ou th o ft h e m a in g r oup i nt h e " l ow e r f i e ld" ; i fA ng lo -Saxon t h e se m u s t r e p r e sen t as e pa ra te c eme t e ry ,b u tn of u r the rd e ta i l so ft h e se t wo g r ave s i sr e co rded . N ine g r ave so ft h e n o r the rn g roup w e re o pened i nV a l lance 's p r e sence ( G r ave s A I ) , a nd t h e i r c on ten t s r e co rded b y h im . G rave C c on ta ined t h e c ompo s i te d i sc b rooch n ow k nown a st h e V a l ia n ce b rooch , w h ich w a s s t o len i n 1 967 . T he V a l iance b rooch , ac l a s s 1 . 2 c ompo s i t e d i sc , w a s p robab ly m anuf a c tu red d u r ing t h e 6 30 's o r s ho r t ly a f t e r . T he o t he r f i nd s f r om t h e c eme t e ry ( s uch a s t h e a me thy s t b ead s a nd b uck le s w i th t r i angu la rp l a te s )a l so d a te t ot h e7 `h c en tu ry . I n a l , c i r ca . 5 0 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e r e s a id t o h ave b een f o und i nt h e se b r ick f ie ld s . A l l t h o se r e co rded l a yW -E ,a nd b one p r e se rva t ion w a ss a id t oh ave b een g ene ra l ly v e ry g ood . T h es i t el i e so n ag en t le n o r th -we s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 5 10m OD . 1 79 . I V . R ondeau E s ta te . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 9 0076386 . NAR : TQ 9 6 SW 14 . P ayn e 1 880 ; 1 882b , 3-4 , e n t r ie s 3 54 -89 ; 1 893 , 1 08 10 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 74 ; C h i l ton -S imp son 1 927 ; H a rd en 1 956a , 1 64 ; H awke sa nd G rove 1 963 , 3 6 -7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 29 ; R igo ld a nd Web s t e r 1 970 , 1 8 ; E v i son 1 979 ,6 9 ; B r i t i sh Mu seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 9 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , BM ( Na tu ra l H i s to ry ) . P ha se s : I V? -V? 1 869 -71 - B r ick -ea r th d i gg ing i nt h e f i e ld k nown a st h e " Rondeau E s ta te" r e vea led a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry . A bou t2 0 s k e le ton s w e r e d ug u p o n t h e n o r the r n s i de o ft h e f i e ld t owa rd s B l ind L ane , a nd a n umbe ro fg r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . T he l a t te r i n c luded as h ie ld -bo s s , as p ea rhead , k n ive s , c oppe ra loy b u ck le s , ac oppe ra l loy a rm le t , a' c la sp -kn if e ' , a n i r on p u r se -moun t , a nd a n i r on g i rd le o rnamen t . O ne g r ave a tl e a s t w a s v e ry c l o se t ot h e r o ad s ide , s i nce i tl a y d i r ec t ly u nder n ea th at r ee a tt h e e dge o ft h e f i e ld . D ecember 1 879 -Apr i l 1 880 - T he s ou the rn p o r t ion o ft h ef i e ld ,t owa rd s Wa t l ing S t r ee t ,w a s e xcava t ed f o rb r ick -ea r th . S i x teen mo r eg r ave sw e r ef o und ,a nd P ayne r e co rd st h ef i nd so ff ou ro ft h em ( g rave s 1 4 ) i n d iv idua l ly . T he f i nd s f r om t h e o t he r t w e lve g r ave s i n c lud ed as wo rd , 5s p ea rhead s , 3k n ive s , 4 c oppe ra l loy b uck le sa nd aw hee l th rown p o t t e ry b o t t le . P re -1882 - P ayne p r e sen ted t h e N a tu ra l H i s to ry Mu seum w i th 2s ku l l s , o ne f o und w i th A ng lo -Saxon w eapon s , t h e o t h e rw i th a n A ng lo -Saxon n eck la ce . T he se a r et h ough tt oh ave c ome f r om t h e R ond eau E s ta t e . c .1 927 - T h r ee s k e le ton s w e r e d i scove r ed w hen ap e t ro l s t a t ion w a s b e ing c on s t ruc t ed w e s t o fG o spe l H a l l . T h i sf i nd i st ot h es ou th -ea s to ft h ee a r l ie rf i nd s ,b u ti sp robab ly p a r to ft h es ame c eme te ry . T he d a tab le f i nd sf r om t h i ss i t ew ou ld a ppea rt od a te t ot h el a t t e rh a lf o ft h e 6t h, o re a r ly 7t h, c en tu r ie s . T he R ondeau E s ta te w a s ab r ick f ie ld . I tw a s d i v ided b y aw a l l a tt h er e a ro fH o l ly B ank , M i l ton H ou se a nd B ank s ide . G rave s w e r e d i scov e r ed o n e i the r s i de o ft h e w a l l . T he s i te i so n t h e l owe r p a r t o fa n e a s t -f a c ing s l ope , b e tween 1 5 -20m OD . T he e a s t e r n a nd w e s ter np a r t s o ft h e f i e ld w e r e n o t e xcava t ed t o b r ick -ea r th l e ve l , a nd P ayne s uppo sed t h a t m o r e b u r ia l s r ema ined i n t h o se a r ea s , w h ich w e r e s ub sequen t ly b u i l to v e r . 1 80 . V . G rovehur s t . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 9 04666 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : ? P ayn e 1 882b ,3 6 ,e n t ry 3 95 ; H awke sa nd G rove 1 963 ,3 6 -7 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re 1882 - P ayne l i s t s a n i r on A ng lo -Saxon a xe -head , l e ng th 2 9cm , w id th 8 cm , f ound a tG rovehu r s ti n M r . Wa t t 's b r ick -f ie ld . T he e xac tf i nd s po ti sn o tr e co rded . 1 8 1 . V I . K em s ley D own . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 9 18662 . NAR : TQ 9 6 SW25 . P ayn e 1 882b ,3 6 ,e n t ry 3 96 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ?

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A ppend ix 1 . P re -1882 - P ayne l i s t s a" . . .b ronze j ewe l o r p endan t . . ." f r om K em s ley D owns . T he l a te R oman b e l t s e tl i s ted u nde rV I I b e low m ay a l so h ave c ome f r om t h is s i te . T he NGR g iven p l aces t h e s i te a tt h ee nd o fa ne a s twa rds f a c ing r i dge , b e tween t h e 1 0 -15m c on tou r s . 1 82 . V II . I s o la ted f i nds . NGR : TQ 9 065 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TQ 8 6 S E28 /96 SW60 . Sm i th 1 908a , 3 74 ; Sm i th 1 923 , 4 1-2 ; J e s sup 1 930 , 2 36 ; K end r ick 1 938 , 6 8 ; H awkes a nd Dunn ing 1 961 ,4 -6 , 6 3 , 6 6 , 6 8 .

H a rden 1 956a , 1 58 ;

L oca t ion o ff i nds : B r i t ish Museum , Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : L a te -Roman / IA N . 1 800 's - Ma ids tone mu seum h o lds al a te R oman m i l i ta ry b e l t se t f r om M i l ton R eg is . T he s e t c ons is t s o ft wo t ubu la r moun t s , as t rap -end , a nd t wo d i sc -a t tachmen t s . T he c ond i t ion o ft he p i ece s s ugges t s t ha t t h ey a r e f r om t h e s ame c on tex t , mos t p robab ly ag rave . I tp robab ly c ame f r om t h e K ems ley D owns o r B r ickf ie lds s i tes . c .1 893 - Ag o ld " f igu re o fe i gh t" j ewe l led or namen t , p robab ly ab a ld r ic f a s tene r , w a s f ound a tM i l ton . I ti si n la id w i th g a rne t s a nd as apph i re , a nd i sp robab ly o fF rank ish m anuf ac tu re . P re -1905 -

T he B r i t ish Mu seum a cqu ired a 4f i c en tury g l a ss b ow l , f ound i n a n A ng lo -Saxon

i n huma t ion a tM i l ton -nex t -S i t t ingbou rne . M ins ter in-Thane t . 1 83 . I . Churchyard . C hu rchya rd . NGR : TR 3 1076428 . NAR : TR 3 6 SW1 . B oy s 1 787 ; D oug la s 1 793 , 7 1 , p l .xv i i .4 ; A nonymou s 1 847 , 1 59 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I I , 19 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 ; P e rk ins e ta l1 987 , 4 8 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 . R eco rded g rave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha ses : ? c .1 786 - When av au l tw a sb e ing c ons t ruc ted i nM in s te rC hu rchya rd , ah uman s ke le ton w a s d i scove red b y t h e ma son a t ad ep th o f a bou t 2 . 15m . I tw a s s a id b y t h e w o rkmen t o b e " of l a rge r s i ze t h an c ommon" . 1 786 - T he s ame ma son w a s d igg ing c l o se b y t h e v au l t , a nd d i scove red t h e s ku l l o f t h e b u r ia l p r ev ious ly d i s tu rbed . C lo se b yt h e s ku l l w a s ab e l l shaped g l a ss v es se l . M ins te r Abbey l i e s a tt h e b a se o f as ou th -f ac ing s l ope , a t OD 5 m . T he f o rme r Wan t sum C hanne l , n ow d r a ined ma r sh land , w h ich o nce s epa ra ted T hane t f r om t h e m a in land , i si mmed ia te ly t ot h e s ou th . 1 84 . I . I s o la ted f i nds . NGR : TR 3 164 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 3 6 SW31 . C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 ; P e rk in s e ta l1 987 , 4 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Museum . P ha se s : ? P re -1905 -

T he B r i t ish Mu seum h a s ag roup o f f r agmen ta ry A ng lo -Saxon b eads t h a t w e re f ound a t

M in s te r . 1 85 . I I . Hoo F arm . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 2 9956565 /30116565 /30206566 /30326567 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW 195 . S cu re l l 1 971 , 2 46 ; Macphe r son -G ran t 1 972 -3 , 2 99 ; P e rk ins 1 984 ; 1 985 , 4 3-7 , 5 7 -8 , 6 0 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 8 . R ecorded g rave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : T hane t Un i t . P ha se s : ? 1 971- Du r ing t h e l a y ing o ft h e S ou th -Ea s tG a s B oa rd 's p i pe l ine f r om S a r re t oR amsga te , 5g raves w e re l o ca ted w es to fM in s te rH i l l , a l ong s ide t h eA 253 m a in r oad , a t TR 3 0326567 . A l l w e re a l igned r ough ly N -S , t h e g raves b e ing d eep b u t i regu la r ly d ug .

T he b od ie s w e re s a id t o h ave b een b u r ied " w i thou t

m uch c e remony" . T he re w e re n o g rave g ood s , b u t aR oman o r Ang lo -Saxon d a te f o r t h em i st hough t p r obab le . 1 983 - T he B r i t ish G a s C o rpo ra t ion l a id as e cond p ipe l ine p a ra l le l t ot ha t l a id i n 1 971 , a nd a bou t 3m t ot h e s ou th o fi t . T he T hane t A rchaeo log ica l U n i t moun ted aw a tch ing b r ief u nde r t h e s uperv is ion o f D .R .J . P erk in s . T h ree p robab le A ng lo -Saxon g rave s ( g rave s 1 3) w e re l o ca ted a t TR 2 9956565 , TR 3 0 116565 a nd TR 3 0206566 r e spec t ive ly . T he f i ve g r ave s d i scove red i n1 971 l a y a pp rox ima te ly 10m e a s to fg rave 8 . N o g rave g oods w e re f ound i na ny o ft h e se g r ave s , b u t t h e p r esence o fs t ruc tu ra l f e a tu res s im i la r t o t h o se a to the r c eme ter ies o n T hane t , a s w e l l a se v idence o fs y s tema t ic g rave r obb ing , a nd t h e g ene ra l o r ien ta t ion a nd c ons t ruc t ion o ft h e g raves , m ake s a n A ng lo -Saxon d a te f o rt h em mo s t l i ke ly . T he s i te l i es o n t h e b row o f ag en t le s ou th -f ac ing s l ope , b e tween t h e 3 5-40m c on tou r s . T he u nde r ly ing g eo logy i sC ha lk .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 86 . I V . T horne F arm . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3376543 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW 186 . P e rk in s 1 985 ,4 3 -4 ,5 0 -4 ,5 7 -60 ,6 6 -9 ; P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r av e s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : T hane tU n i t . P ha se s : V -V I I? 1 984 - T h r ee A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e r e f o und n ex tt ot h e A 253 a bove T hor n e F a rm , d u r ing t h e P ha se I Vc on s t ruc t ion o ft h eB r i t i sh G a sp i pe l ine t oT hane t . T hey w e re e xcava ted a nd r e co rded b yt h eT hane t A r cha eo log ica l U n i t d u r ing i t s w a t ch ing b r ief o f t h e p ro jec t . I n t h e s ame y ea r , a n u nau tho r i sed p r o spec to rf ound a7 t h c en tu ry g o ld s o l id u s , w i th s u spen s ion l o op , o nt h e s i te . I ti sp re sum ed t h a tt h i s f i nd c ame f r om ag r ave . T he e xcava to rd a ted t h e b u r ia l s t ot h e l a t e 6 `h t om id 7t h c en tu r ie s . T he b a s i s f o rt h i s a ppea r st ob et h e g o ld s o l idu s . O ft h eo t he rf i nd s ,t h ec l ench -bo l t s( f rom w ha tm ay h av e b een ab oa t ) a nd i r on k n ive s a r e n o t c l o se ly d a tab le , w h i l s t t h e s ma l l c oppe r a loy b uck le w i th r e c tangu la r p l a te i sp robab ly o fm id t o l a te 7 `h c en tu ry d a te . T he se g r ave sw e r el o ca ted o nt h eb r ow o f as ou th -f ac ing s l ope ,b e tween 4 5 -50m OD . 1 87 . V . L aundry H i l l . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 3 15657 / 317657 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : TR 3 6 NW2 16 . P e rk in s 1 985 ,4 4 , 5 7 ; P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 8 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om D R JP e rk in s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 4 . R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : V I I I . P e rk in sn o te st h ed i scove ry o f 3g r ave sh e r ed u r ing t h ec on s t ruc t ion o f ap i pe l ine . 1 982 - 1 0 11 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave sw e r ed e s t roy ed b yb u i ld ing w o rk w e s to fM in s te rL aund ry . 1 983 - A l a te 76 c en tu ry c ane b ead , a nd a n i r on k n if e , w e re f o und d u r ing w o rk o n t h e Mon I c ton R am sga t eg a sp i pe l ine . P re -1998 - C rop -ma rk s o f a" . . .p robab ly q u i t e e x ten s ive . . ." b a r row c eme te ry h ave b een o b se rved . S ome h ad p enannu la r d i t che s . Two g r ave s h ave b een e xcava ted b y t h e T hane t A rchaeo log ica l T ru s t . S u rf a ce f i nd sf r om t h i ss i te i n c lud eb ead sa nd ak n if e . T he s i t ea ppea r st oe x tend a c ro s st h eb r ow a nd u ppe rp a r to f as ou th -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 4 0 -55m OD . 1 88 . V I . D oub tf u li n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : 1R34126522 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW 189 . P e rk in s 1 985 ,4 4 , 5 6 , 6 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : T hane tU n i t . P ha se s : ? 1 984 - Ag r ave , o r ien ta t ed W -E ,w a sc u tb yt h eT hane tG a sP ipe l in e . T he g r ave w a s c u tt h rough b r ick e a r th ,w i th t h e f l oo ro ft h e g r ave c u t t ing i n to t h e n a tu ra l c ha lk . Mu ch o ft h e s k e le ton w a s d e s t royed b y t h ep i pe t r ench ,w h ich s e c t ioned t h eg r ave a l ong i t ' s l o ng a x i s . A l though t h e re w e re n og r av eg ood s , a n A ng lo -Saxon d a t ef o rt h i sg r ave s e em sp robab le . T h eg r ave l a yo nt h eu ppe rs l ope o f as ou th -f a c ing r i dge ,a ta pp rox ima t e ly 4 0m OD . 1 89 . V I I . Moun tP lea san t . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 0546576 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW240 . A nonymou s 1 996a , 3 10 ; B enne t ta nd W i l l iam s 1 997 ,2 6 1 ,2 64 ; R idd le r 1 997 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 8 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 8 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry A rcha eo log ica l T ru s t . P ha se s : V I I IX? 1 996 - T he C an te rbu ry A r cha eo log ica lT ru s ta nd t h eT ru s tf o rT han e tA r cha eo logy e xcava t ed as t r ip o f l a nd i mmed ia te ly n or th o f t h e A 253 T han e t Way , a head o f c onve r s ion o f t h e r o ad t o ad ua l c a r r iageway . A t TR 3 0546576 , t h ey l o ca t ed 1 8 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s c oncen t ra ted i n a n a r ea a pp rox ima t e ly 2 0 b y 1 0m . O n ly 8b u r ia l sc on ta ined g r ave g ood s , w h ich i n c luded s pea rhead s ,k n ive s , a p i n , af i r e s tee l , a nd aF rank i sh p o t . T he r e w a s a l so af i ne c oppe r a loy b uck le w i th o pen -wo rk p l a te . A na ly s i s o ft h e f i nd s s ugg e s ted t h a t o ne o ft h e s p ea rhead s h ad b een l a id o n ab ed o f s t raw , w h i l s t a no the rh ad l a in o n ap i ece o ft e x t i le . S ome o ft h eg r ave sh ad b u r ia ls t ruc tu r e s . T he b uck le d a te s t oc .6 70 -700 , w h i l s t t h e p o t w a s p robab ly m anuf a c tu r ed c .6 50 -75 . O ve ra l l , ad a t e r a nge f r om t h el a t e7 t ht o8 t hc en tu r ie ss e em sl i ke ly f o rt h i sc eme te ry . T h e s i t e w a s c l o se t o ap o s s ib ly c on tempo ra ry , f i l led i n , h o l low w ay , w h ich a ppea red t ob e a l igned t owa rd sM in s te ri t s e lf . T h i sc eme te ry w a s l o ca ted o nt h eb row o f ag en t le s ou th -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 4 0 -45m OD . 1 90 . V I I I . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 05650 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : ? H awk e sA rch ive .

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A ppend ix 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r av e s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : O . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 968 - An o te i nt h e H awk e s A r ch ive r e co rd s t h a t a n e x tended i n huma t ion , w i thou t g r ave g ood s , w a s f ound 8 00m n o r th -we s to fM in s te rC hu r ch . T he i n f o rma t ion i ss a id t oh ave c ome f r om L ou i se M i l la rd , a nd t h e b u r ia l i ss a id t oh ave b een i nt h e g a rden o f3 0 P lump ton R oad . H oweve r ,t h e r e i sn o s u ch r o ad i nM in s t e r , s ot h e l o ca t ion o ft h i s b u r ia l i su nce r ta in . M in s ter in -Shevnev . 1 9 1 . I .C hu rchya rd . NGR : TQ 9 5567299 . NAR : TQ 9 7 S EE P h i lp f o r thcom ing . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 5 0+ . R eco rded g r ave s : 5 0+ . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : KA .RU . P ha se s : X . 1 987 /8 - KARU c a r r ied o u t ar e scue e xcava t ion n ex t t o M in s te r A bbey . 5 0+ g r ave s w e r e l o ca t ed . T he r e w e r e n o g r ave g ood s , a pa r t f r om a n u nu sua l l e ad ' b loom ' i no ne g r ave . A l l t h e b u r ia l s w e r e a l igned W -E , a nd s ome h ad s t one ' p i l low s ' . O ne h ad ar e ce s s . S ome g r ave s w e r e u nde r am ed ieva l s t one s u r f ace ,a nd s ome a tl e a s tw e r ep robab ly S axon . T he A bbey s t and so nt h eb r ow o f ah i l l ,b e tween t h e 5 0 -55m c on tou r s . Monk ton . 1 92 . I .P r imro se H i l l . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . S AM K en t3 12 . NGR : TR 2 8866530 /29 1655 /292653 /290653 /288654 . NAR : TR 2 6 NE 13 /26 NE 137 /26 NE97 . B ubb 1 883 , 4 1 ; P ayne 1 888 , 4 52 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 85 -6 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 5 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 ; S cu re l l 1 97 1 , 2 46 ; Web s t e r 1 972 , 1 57 ; Ma cphe r son -G ran t 1 972 -3 , 2 98 -9 ; H awk e s 1 974 ; H awk e s , H oga r th a nd D en ton 1 974 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu sn o s . 1 72 ; A ven ta nd L e igh 1 977 , 1 9 ; E v i son 1 979 , 7 0 , 7 2 ; P e rk in s 1 983 ; 1 985 , 5 , 6 0 , f i g . 7 . 28 ; P e rk in s a nd H awk e s 1 984 ; P e rk in s e ta l 1 987 , 4 5 ; MacG r ego ra nd B o l ick 1 993 ,2 3 , 7 9 -80 , 8 9 -90 , 1 98 -9 ,2 05 -6 ,2 22 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 5 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : A shmo lean m u seum , T hane t u n i t ? . P ha se s : I 1 ? -V I I? 1 879 o r8 0 - As i ng le s k e le ton ( g rave A )w a s f o und o n t h e b row o fP r im ro se H i l l , o nt h e l i ne o f ac a r t t r a ck w h ich r un su pt h eh i l la bou t2 50m w e s to f Wa l t e r s H a l l F a rm . T he 0 .S . g i ve st h e l o ca t ion a s TR 2 8866530 . T h i sw ou ld p l a ce t h eg r ave 1 8 3m f r om t h o se d i scove r ed i n1 97 1 . May /June 1 971- T he S ou th E a s t G a s B oa rd l a y ap i pe l ine b e tween S a r re a nd R am sga te . T he c ou r se o ft h e p i pe l ine f o r mo s to fi t sl e ng th r a np a ra l le l t ot h e A 253 m a in r o ad , 2 5 .9 1m s ou th o ft h e s ou the rn e dge o ft h er o ad . F o rt h e l e ng th o ft h ep i pe l ine ,t o p so i lw a s s t r ipped f r om a na r ea a bou t5 . 8m i nw id th , w h i l s tt h ep i pe t r ench i t s e lf w a s 0 . 61m w ide a nd 1 . 22m d eep . Aw a t ch ing b r ief w a sm oun ted b yt e am s l e d b y N . Ma cphe r son -G ran t a nd A .C . H oga r th . A long al e ng th o ft h e p i pe l ine c en t red o n NOR TR 2 9 1655 , 2 2 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s ( 1 -22 ) w e r e c u t b y t h e p i pe t r ench . G rave 1l a y 1 5m w e s t o ft h e P r im ro se H i l l c a r tt r ack , w h i l s tg r ave 2 0 , t h e e a s te rnmo s te ncoun t e red , l a y s ome 3 60m e a s t o fg r ave 1 . G rave 3c on ta ined ac ompo s i te d i sc b rooch , u sua l ly r e f e r r ed t oa st h e Monk ton b rooch . J u ly 1 982 - T he B r i t i sh G a sC o rpo ra t ion l a id as e cond g a sp i pe l ine t oT hane t ,t h i sp i pe r unn ing p a ra l le l t o ,a nd 3 . 8m s ou th o f , t h ee a r l ie rp i pe . D .R .J . P e rk in s l e d aw a tch ing b r ief a nd r e scue e xcava t ion a l ong t h e c ou r se o ft h e n ew p i pe l ine . T op so i l w a s r emoved t o aw id th o f 1 0m a l ong t h e c ou r se o ft h e l i ne , a nd ap i pe t r ench 0 . 70m w ide b y 1 . 50m d eep d ug a l ong t h e c en t re o ft h i s s t r ip . Af u r the r 1 2A ng lo S axon g r ave s w e r e d i scove r ed e a s t o fP r im ro se H i l l ( g rave s 2 3 -34 ) . T he e a s ter nmo s t o ft h e se g r ave s ( 3 4 )l a y9 mw e s to fg r ave 2 0 . c . 1984 - As pea rhead o fS wan ton 's t y pe E 4 , d i scove r ed d u r ing t h e 1 982 p i pe lay ing , i nt o p so i l s po i l a t TR 2 88654 ,w a sh anded i nb y am embe ro ft h ep ub l ic . T h i s s p ea rhead p robab ly c ame f r om ag r ave o n t h ec ou r se o ft h ep i pe l ine . T he f i nd s f r om t h i s s i te i n c luded ag l a s s b e l l -beake r , as qua r e -head ed b rooch , ar e c t angu la r b e l t -p la t e w i th S t y le Id eco ra t ion , a nd ac ompo s i t e d i sc b rooch . T hey s ugg e s tt h a tt h e c eme te ry w a s i nu s e f r om t h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e 6t ht ot h em idd le o rl a te r7 t h c en tu ry . T he g r ave s f o und a tt h i s s i t e i n d ica te ac eme t e ry t h a t c ov e r s a n a r ea o fa tl e a s t3 60 b y2 00m . T he s i t e l i e so n ag en t le s ou th -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 1 5 -25m OD . 1 93 . I . Monk ton C our tF arm . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 2 77652 . NAR : T R2 6 NE78 . P e rk in sa nd H awke s 1 984 , 8 5 , 8 7 , f i g . 3 . 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ?

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 977 - A n i r on s p ea rhead o fS wan ton 's t y pe C 2 w a s f o und b y w o rkmen c u t t ing f o o t ing s f o r as i lo a t Monk ton C ou r tF a rm . T he f i nd s po t i so nt h e b row o f al ow r i dge , w h ich s l ope s a way g en t ly t owa rd s t h e s ou th -ea s t . OD i s a bou t 1 7m . N ew inE ton . 1 94 . I .M i lky D own . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TR 1 69389 . NAR : TR 1 3 NE 15 / 14 S E74 . GMLA I( 1 760 ) , 3 71 ; H a s t ed 1 797 180 1 , V I I I , 1 99 ; GMLA I ( 1 886 ) , 1 33 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 86 ; J e s sup a nd T ay lo r 1 932 , 1 6 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 ; C o l l in s 1 992 ; R icha rd son 1 995 , 2 11 ; H awk e s A r ch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ? P ha se s : ? 1 760 - Wh i l s tp a r i sh ione r s w e r e g r ubb ing u p ah edg e t ow iden t h e r o ad o n M i lky D own , ab u r ia l w a s d i scove r ed . T he s k e le ton w a s i ng ood c ond i t ion , a pa r t f r om t h e s k u l l , w h ich w a s f r ac tu red o r" much b r u i sed" . T he b ody w a sd e sc r ibed a sb e ing " doub led u p" ( p r e sumab ly c r ouched ) . I tw a s a ccompan ied b yb ead s a nd s ome w i re , a tt h e n eck . Af ew d ay s l a t e r , 2m o r e s k e le ton s w e r e f o und . O ne h ad s ome b ead sw i th i t ,a nd b o th m ay h ave b een i nc off in s . T he e xa c tl o ca t ion o ft h e s i te i su nc lea r ; t h e g r id r e f e r ence g i ven a bove ( t ak en f r om t h e SMR )p l ace s i t o nt h es t eep ,w ooded , s ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope o ft h e D own . T he s i t ew a s s a id t ob e" j u s ta bove t h e3 00 ' c on tou r "( i . e . a bou t9 0m OD ) . H awke sg i ve s ap o s s ib le l o ca t ion o f TR 1 7 183893 ,w h ich p l a ce st h es i t e l ow e r d own t h e s l ope t h an t h e O S s i t ing . H oweve r , t h i s i sw e l l a way f r om t h e r oad , t h e w iden ing o f w h ich c au sed t h eg r ave st ob ed i scove r ed . H awk e sa l so s ugge s t st h ep o s s ib i l i ty t h a tt h i s i st h es i t e f r om w h ich t h eP o s t l ing f i nd sc ame . C o l l in sc i te sH a s t ed a sr e co rd ing t h e d i scove ry o nM i l l D own , E lham , o f aS axon c eme t e ry d u r ing r o ad w iden ing i n1 760 . H oweve r , t h i s a ppea r s t ob e am i s r ead ing o fH a s ted 's r e f e ren ce t ot h e d i scove ry a t M i lky D own ,N ew ing ton . 1 9 5 . I . D o l land 's Moor . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : T R 1 8 1372 . NAR : N one . G a im s t e re ta l . 1 990 , 1 98 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 13 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : CAT . P ha se s : ? 1 989 - 3u na ccompan ied b u r ia l s w e r e f o und o n D o l land 's Moo r d u r ing e xcava t ion s b y C an t e rbu ry A r cha eo log ica l T ru s ta head o ft h eC hanne lT unne l . T hey w e r e o f ac h i ld a nd 2f ema le s . B o th f ema le s w e r e f l exed , a nd o ne w a s p rone . O ne o ft h e g r ave s c u t aR oman d i tch , a nd i tw a s s ugge s t ed t h a t t h ey c ou ld d a t e f r om a nywhe r eb e tween t h e l a t e R oman p e r iod t ot h e6 t ho r7 t hc en tu r ie s , p r e sumab ly o nt h e b a s i st h a tt h em u l t i -pe r iod o ccupa t ion s i te n ea rby w en to u to fu s ei nt h e 8 t hc en tu ry . T he s i t e l a yj u s t s ou th o ft h e M20 m o to rway , o n ap l a teau o f l a nd b e tween t wo d eep g u l l ie s o ft h e S eab rook s t r eam a nd o ne o f i t s t r ibu ta r ie s . T he a r ea i sn ow p a r t o ft h e C hanne l T unne l t e rm ina l ; c on sequen t ly ,a l a r cha eo logy h a sb een r emov ed . OD i sa bou t6 0m . N on in2 ton . 1 96 . I .I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : T R2 63527 a nd 2 6255269 . NAR : TR 2 5 S E 169 . P e rk in s 1 997 ,2 28 ; P a r f i t t2 002b . M in imum n umbe ro fg r ave s : 1 9 R eco rded g r ave s : 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P ha se s : V IX . O c tober 1 875 - 1 4s k e le ton sw e r ef o und d u r ing t h ec on s t ruc t ion o f an ew m an s ion a tS t .A lban ' sC ou r t . F i nd s i n c luded 3k n ive sa nd ab ronz ea rm le t . I n ag r ove n o r th -w e s to ft h eh ou se i sa' p y ram id ' o fd r e s sed f l i n t s a nd r a g s tone a s h la r . B u i l ti n to t h i s i s ab l ock w i th aL a t in i n sc r ip t ion ,w h ich r e co rd st h a tu nde ri ta r et h er e in te r r ed ' s o ld ie r s ' f o und w hen t h e h ou se w a sb u i l t . I ta l so s a y st h a ti ti sn o tk nown w he the rt h ey w e r e b a rba r ian s i nt h e s e rv ice o fR ome , o rb a rba r ian sw ho h ad f a l len i nb a t t le a ga in s tR ome . S ummer 2 001 - T h ree e va lua t ion t r enche sw e re d ug b yt h e D ove rA r cha eo logy G roup i np a s tu r e a t TR 2 6255269 . 5c l o se ly s pa ced g r ave s , a l igned w e s t -ea s t a nd e a s t -we s t , w e re e xcava ted . O ne o ft h e g r av e s w a s e nc lo sed b y ap enannu la r d i t ch , a nd 3 g r ave s c on ta in ed g r ave g ood s . T he g r ave s a r e p r obab ly o f 7t hc en tu ry d a t e . T he s i t el i e sm id -way d own as ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 3 5 -40m OD . N or thbourne . 1 97 . I .F ing le sham . I n huma t ion c eme te ry .

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A ppend ix 1 . NGR : TR 3 2565343 . NAR : TR 3 5 SW20 . Wh i t ing a nd S t ebb ing 1 929 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 65 ; C hadw ick 1 958a ; W i l son 1 960 , 1 35 ; Meaney 1 964 , 19 120 ; H awke s e ta l . 1 96 5 ; W i l son 1 965 , 1 72 ; W i l son 1 966 , 1 7 1 ; W i l son 1 968 , 1 58 ; S wan ton 1 973 , 1 57 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 8 ; H awke s 1 976b , 3-51 ; A ven t a nd L e igh 1 977 , 3 5 , 4 0 , 4 2 ; My r e s 1 977 ,c o rpu sn o s . 1 9 53 -4 , f i g s . 3 6 , 7 0 ; H awke s a nd P o l la rd 1 981 ; E v i son 1 979 , 6 7 ; 1 982 , 4 8 , 5 3 , 5 7 -8 , 6 3 ; H i l l a nd Me t ca lf 1 984 , 2 51-2 ; G eake 1 994 ; t h e H awke s A rch ive ; D ove r Mu seum r e co rd s ; E ng l i sh H e r i tag er e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 52 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 44 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma i son D ieu O sp r inge ( Lo rd N o r thbou rne C o l lec t ion ) , C amb r idge U n ive r s i ty ( s ke le ta l m a te r ia l ) ; A s luno lean Mu seum . P ha se s : ' I V" . P re 1928 - P e r iod ic q ua r ry ing o f ac ha lk -p i tn ea rF i ng le sham d i s tu rbed h uman b one s . A u tumn 1 928 - M r . P .W . S t eed ,t h eo wne ro ff a rm land a d ja cen tt ot h ec ha lk -p i t ,r e que s ted t h a tt h es i te b ee xam ined . A nA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l ( l a t e rl i s ted a sE l) w a s d i scove red , a nd t h e K en tA r cha eo log ica l S oc i e ty r a i sed f u nd s f o r a n e xcava t ion t o b e c a r r ied o u t o n t h e l a nd t h r ea t ened b y f u r the r c ha lk q ua r ry ing ( a tl e a s tt wo g r av e s( Aa nd B )w e r ed e s t royed b ef o re t h ee xcava t ion b egan ) . O c tober 1 928 -June 1 929 - W .P .D . S t ebb ing l e d t h e e xcava t ion , w h ich l o ca t ed 2 8 g r ave s ( g rave s A1 H 4 ) . A l l w e re e xcava ted a nd r e co rded . A t s ome t i me s ub sequen t ly , S t ebb ing e xcava ted an umbe r o f f u r th e r g rave s , b r ing ing t h et o ta l e xcava t ed t o3 8 . T he se l a s t g r ave s w e r e n o t p rope r ly r e co rded , b u t i n c lude g rave s AA 1-AA4 . 1 959 1967 - S on ia H awk e sc a r r ied o u t as e r ie so fr e sea rch e xcava t ion so nt h es i t e , e xcava t ing g r ave s 1 2 16 ( g rave s 4 , 1 4 , 1 7 a nd 2 9 b e ing r e -excava t ion s o f S t ebb ing 's g r ave s ) , a s w e l l a s an umbe r o f d i s tu rbed g r ave sa nd o t h e rf e a tu r e s . An umbe ro ft h eg r ave s a tF i ng le sham w e r e v e ry w e l l p rov ided w i th g r ave g ood s , a nd d a t ed t ot h e f i r s t h a lf o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . T h e m o s t n o tab le o ft h e se w e re t h e w ea l thy f ema le b u r ia l s i ng r ave s D 3 a nd 2 03 , w h ich c on ta ined m ix t u r e s o fF rank i sh a nd K en t i sh b rooche s , a nd S cand inav ian b r ac tea t e s . T he b u lk o ft h eb u r ia l s ,h ow eve r ,w e r eo fl a t e 6t ho r7 `h c en tu ry d a te . T he c eme te ry i ss i tua ted o nt h eb row a nd u ppe rp a r to f ag en t le , e a s t -f ac ing , s l ope . OD i s3 0 -33m , a nd t h eb ed rock i sU ppe rC ha lk . N or thf lee t . 1 98 . I .M ixed c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 6 23740 . NAR : TQ 6 7 SW42 . S m i th 1 848b , 2 35 -40 ; 1 848c , 1 49 154 ; D eck 1 851 , 1 76 ; Sm i th 1 854 , 7 ; P ayne 1 900a , l i v ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 86 ; L eed s 1 912 , 1 9 8 ; P h i l ip 1 9 14 , p l . o pp . 2 3 , 9 6 -7 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 6 27 -9 ; J e s sup 1 9 30 , 2 23 -4 , 2 30 ; L eed s 1 933 , 2 37 ; B u r che l l a nd B ra i l sf o rd 1 948 ; G rove 1 952 , 1 63n ; P h i l ip 1 954 , 2 0 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 1 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o s . 3 43 -51 , 1 942 -49 , f i g s . 2 3 , 3 6 , 3 8 , 4 9 , 7 0 , 7 1 , 7 7 , 9 9 , 1 1 , 1 35 , 1 40 ,2 06 ,2 12 ,2 35 ,2 60 ,3 62 ; P a rke 1 980 , 3 18 ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 7 -9 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 6 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum , G rave send L ib r a ry , B r i t i sh Mu seum ,P i t t -R ive r sm u seum . P ha se s : I I I I? S pr ing -Summer 1 847 - R a i lway e xcava t ion s c u t t h rough a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry i nC hu r ch F i e ld s , a tN o r thf lee t . An umbe r o fo b jec t s w e r e r e cove r ed , b u t n o d e ta i led r e co rd o ft h e c i r cum s tance s o f d i scove ry w e re m ade . C .R . Sm i th i l u s t ra t ed a n umbe r o f t h e f i nd s : S ome f r agmen t s o f s t amped p o t t e ry , as h ie ld -bo s s , a nd as p ea rhead a nd f e r ru le , w e r e a ppa r en t ly f ound t o g e the r . T he r e w a s a l so a no the r 2s pea rhead s , 2s h i e ld -bo s se s , as hor t s h ie ld -g r ip , as e ax w i th c oppe ra loy h i l t f i t t ing , p a r to fa b uck e t w i th c oppe r a l loy b i nd ing , a nd an umbe r o fp o t te ry v e s se l s . O ne o ft h e p o t s , o fA ng lo -Saxon t y pe , c on ta ined c r ema t ed h uman b one s , a l though i tw a s n o t ed t h a t s ome o ft h e S axon p o t s w e re f o und a l ong s ide s k e le ton s . O th e r v e s se l s w e r e a ppa r en t ly R oman , b u t w e r e f o und i na s soc ia t ion w i th t h e A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . 1 899 - E xcava t ion s" . . .on t h ec ha lk h i l le a s to ft h ef o o tba l lg r ound . . ." l e dt ot h ed i scove ry o f2 0A ng lo S axon g rave s . T hey w e r e a bou t 9 0cm d eep , l y ing o n ag r ave l b ed , a nd w e r e a l igned W -E . F i nd s i n c luded 2 s wo rd s a nd s e v e ra l s p ea r s , 2z oomo rph ic o pen -wo rk s h ie ld s t ud s , c oppe r a l loy b ow l s w i th e mbo s sed r im s , g l a s s p l a y ing p i ece s , af ranc i sca , 2s a uce r b rooche s , 4w ho le p o t s , a nd p o t te ry f r agmen t s . T he c omp le t ep o t sc on ta ined c r ema t ion s . 1 900 - T h r ee o r f ou r A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e re f o und b y w o rkmen e xcava t ing c ha lk i nt h e P o r t land C emen t C ompany 's q ua r r y a tC hu r ch F i e ld s , t ot h e s ou th o fN o r thf l ee t C hu r ch , a d jo in ing t h e r a i lway c u t t ing w h e r et h e 1 847 d i s cove r ie sw e re m ade . T he o n ly f i nd w a s as p ea rhead . 1 90 1 - Mo r eo b jec t sw e r ef o und t ot h ew e s to fN o r th f lee tC hu r ch .

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A ppend ix 1 . c . 1948 - J . P .T . B u r che l l d i scove r ed s h e rd s o fR oman a nd A ng lo -Saxon p o t te ry i n ah o l low i n ac ha lk p i ta t TQ 6 19738 ( t ot h es ou th -we s to ft h ee a r l ie rf i nd s ) . E igh ts h e rd sw e r e f r om as i ng le A ng lo -Saxon p o t ,w h ich w a sd a ted t ot h em id -5 t hc en tu ry . T h i sw a sc l ea r ly am ixed c eme te ry ,a l though t h ep ropo r t ion o fi n huma t ion st oc r ema t ion si su n c lea r . T he p r e sence o fc r ema t ion , a nd t h e s auce rb rooche s , s ugge s t s t h a tt h e c eme t e ry w a s i nu s e d u r ing t h e l a te r 5t h a nd f i r s th a lf o ft h e 6t h c en tu r ie sa tl e a s t . T he s i t ei sl o ca ted o nl ow ly ing l a nd t ot h es ou th o ft h eT hame s . OD i sa bou t5 m . N or ton /O spr in2e fEa s t l ing . 1 99 . I .C hapman 's P i t . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 9 7 1859 17 o r9 73590 o r9 62578 . NAR : TQ 9 5 NE2 . P ayne 1 893 , 1 67 ; Meaney 1 964 , 14 ; H awke sA r ch ive . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? c .1 893 - AM r . A .F . D eL aune i n f o rmed P ayne t h a th uman s k e le ton s ,a ccompan ied b y i r on s p ea rhead s , h ad r e cen t ly b een f ound " . .a long t h e s ou th s i de o ft h e [ Newnham ] r o ad i nC hapman 's g r av e l p i t . . ." . T he O .S . m a rk st h e s i te o fC hapman 's P i ta s TQ 9 7 1859 17 , b u tt h i sp l ace st h e f i nd o nt h en o r th s i de o f t h e r o ad , i nN o r ton p a r i sh . Meaney s ugge s t ed t h a t t h e s i t e m ay a c tua l ly b e t h a t o ft h e ' o ld p i t ' , i n O sp r ing e p a r i sh . T h i s w a s o n t h e s ou th s i de o ft h e r o ad , " . . ju s t a bove t h e 2 00 ' c on tou r " ( a bou t TQ 9 73590 ) . H awk e sg ave ag r id r e f e rence o f TQ 9 62578 ,w h ich p l a c e st h es i te i nE a s t l ing p a r i sh . C hapm a n 's P i th a sl o ng s i nce b een f i l led i na nd l e ve l led of . O rp inE ton . 2 00 . I .M ixed c eme t e ry . S AM G r ea t e rL ondon 1 45 . NGR : TQ 4 6786758 . NAR : TQ 4 6 NE2 . W i l son 1 966 , 1 7 1 ; W i l son 1 967 , 2 66 ; T e s te r 1 968 ; 1 969 ; P a lm e r 1 975 ; 1 977 ; 1 978 , 1 984 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o s . 3 209 12 , 3 214 -20 , 3 679 -82 , 3 825 , f i g s . 1 3 , 1 6 , 2 3 , 3 4 , 4 9 , 5 3 , 6 4 , 6 6 , 7 6 , 1 48 , 1 67 , 1 9 1 ,2 27 ,2 79 ,3 14 ; T e s t e r 1 977 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 64 -6 , 1 68 f . 33 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 3 -5 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 8 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 8 4 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : O rp ing ton mu seum . P ha se s : I I ? 1 965 t o 1 968 - E xcava t ion s w e r e c a r r ied o u t b y T e s t e r f o r O rp ing ton mu seum o n a n a r ea o fl a nd a t P ove r e s t R oad , F o rdc rof t , O rp ing ton . I n a dd i t ion t o aR omano -B r i t i sh s e t t lemen t , a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry ,c on ta in ing b o th c r ema t ion sa nd i n huma t ion s ,w a se xcava t ed . At o ta lo f1 9c r ema t ion sa nd 5 2 i n huma t ion sw e r ee xcava ted a nd r e co rded o ve rt h ef o u rs e a son so ft h ee xcava t ion . 1 971 -7 F u r the r e xcava t ion s o n t h e s i t e r e vea led a n a dd i t iona l 1 0 A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s o r p r obab le b u r ia l s( g rave s7 2 -81) ,a sw e l la s as ub s tan t ia l R oman b u i ld ing . 1 978 - F u r the r g r ave s ( g rave s 8 2 -4 ) w e re f o und . G rave 8 2 w a s l e s s t h an am e t re f r om t h e R oman b u i ld ing . G rave 8 4 , ac r ema t ion , l a yi nt h eg r ound so fN o . 1B ene f i e ld R oad . T he f i nd sf r om t h e s i te d a te t h ec eme te ry t ot h e 5t h, a nd e a r ly 6t h c e n tu r ie s . T he c eme te ry l i e sn ex tt oa R oman r o ad , a nd a d ja cen t t o aR oman b a th -hou se , w h ich w a s p r obab ly u p s tand ing a tt h e t i me o ft h e s i t e 's u s e . T he b ody i ng r ave 8 1 w a s l a id o n t h e s u r f a ce o f aR om an c ou r tya rd . I th a s b een s u gg e s t ed t h a tg r ave 2 3 ,t h a to fa ne l de r ly m an ,m ay h ave b een u nde r ab a r row . T he s i t es i t s o n ag en t le e a s t -f a c ing s l ope , o ve r look ing t h eC ray v a l ley t ot h e e a s t . OD i s4 5 -50m . T h e u nd e r ly ing g eo logy i sg r ave l . O t f ord . 2 0 1 . I .C harre E s ta te . C r ema t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 5 22 15897 . NAR : TQ 5 NW28 . Meaney 1 964 , 1 3 1 ; P h i lp 1 973 , 1 73 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 3 823 , f .3 00 ; T y l e r 1 9 92 , 7 6 ; Ma id s tone mu seum g az e t tee r ; H awk e sA r ch ive ; O tf o rd A r chaeo log ica lG roup r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I 1 1 1 954 - Ac r ema t ion i n as t amp d eco ra ted p o t o ft h e 6 `h c en tu ry w a s f o und o n t h e C ha r r e E s ta t e i nt h e r e a rg a rden o fn o . 1 9 . T h e p o t i s ag l obu la r u r n w i th w ide m ou th a nd f l a r ing r im , o fd a rk -g r ey /b rown f a b r ic . D eco ra t ion c on s i s t s o f ar ow o fs t amp s b e tw een l i ne s a nd c h ev ron s . Two s t amp sw e r eu s ed , o f w h ich o ne m ay h ave b een af i ve -po in ted c omb . S ummer 2 002 - T he O tf o rd A r cha eo log ica l G roup , w i th t h e a s s i s t ance o ft h e A nd r ew R icha rd son a nd S imon Ma son o fK en tC oun ty C ounc i l ,e xcava ted a6t hc en tu ry c r ema t ion u rn w i th f i sh shaped b o s se s i n t h eg a rden o ft h es ame h ou se t h a tt h e 1 954 b u r ia lh ad b een f ound i n . A no the rc r ema t ion i ss a id t oh ave

6 0

A ppend ix 1 . b een d i s tu rbed d u r ing s ub sequen tb u i ld ing w o rk , b u tw i thou tb e ing r e co rded . E xcava t ions o nt h e E s ta te a tt h es ame t ime r evea led R oman s t ruc tu re s . T he s i te l i es o n ag en t le n or th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope o n t h e w e s t s i de o ft h e D a ren t V a l ley , a bou t 3 00m f r om t h ep r e sen tc ou r se o ft h er i ve r . OD i sb e tween 6 0 -65m . P a tr ixbourne . 2 02 . I . B if rons . I nhuma t ion c eme tery . NGR : TR 1 9025456 / 19005455 . NAR : TR 1 5 S E9 / 15 S E 133 , GMLA I ( 1866 ) , 1 81-3 ; GMLA I ( 1867 ) , 1 83-5 ; A nonymous 1 866 , 3 29 -31 ; Godf rey -Fau sse t t 1 876 , 2 98 -316 ; Godf rey -Faus se t t 1 880 , 5 22 -56 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 42 -3 ; B rown 1 915 , I I , 2 7 , 1 50 , 1 68 , 1 92 , 2 46 , p l s .xxx iv -xxxv i , I V , 7 16 -9 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 9 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 09 -10 ; Swan ton 1 973 , 2 03 ; 1 974 , 3 4 -5 ; A ven t 1 975 , c orpus n o s . 2 ,2 2 -4 , 4 7 ; E v ison 1 975 , 7 5 ; 1 982 , 6 8 , p l .x i .d ; A ven t a nd L e igh 1 977 , 1 6 , 1 9 , 2 1 , 2 5 , 3 4 , 4 0 ; My re s 1 977 , c orpu s n os . 4 56 , 1 937 -40 , f i g s . 2 02 , 2 26 , 2 79 ; L e igh 1 980 , c a ta logue n os . B i .41-1 , 4 1-2 , 4 2 , 5 1 , 6 3 , 6 4 , B i1 ,4 ; H awkes 1 981 ; A ven t a nd E v ison 1 982 , c o rpu sn os . 6 . 1-6 ; Ma id s tone mu seum r e co rd s ; O rdnance S urvey R eco rd s ; H awkes 2 000 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 10 . R eco rded g raves : 9 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma ids tone museum . P ha se s : I 1V . March 1 865 - Wh i ls tt h eg round w a sb e ing p r epa red f o rp l an t ing o n P a t r ixbou rne H i l l , i nB if rons P a rk , t ot h e e a s t o ft h e B r idge -Pa t r ixbourne r oad , 1 8 -20 g r ave s w e re d i scovered b y t h e wo rkmen , w i th in a n a r ea o fa pp rox ima te ly 9 . 10 s q . m e t re s . T he f i nd s r e cove red i n c luded 2 s wo rds , 2s pea rheads , as h ie ld b o ss a nd g r ip , a n i r on b uck le a nd p l a te , ac oppe r a loy b uck le , b eads , 3k n ives , al a rge i r on r i ng a nd s ome i r on f r agmen t s . T he c on ten t s o fo n ly o ne g r ave ( g rave A ) w e re r e co rded a s ag roup .

W i th o ne

e xcep t ion , t h eg raves w e re s a id t ob e o r ien ta ted " ea s ta nd w e s t" . A u tumn 1 867 - Godf rey -Faus se t t o b ta ined p erm i s s ion f r om L o rd C onyngham t o e xcava te o n t h e s i te f o r t h e K en t A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty .

H e e xcava ted a nd r e co rded a f u r the r 9 1 g rave s c on ta in ing 9 6

s k e le ton s . A t t h e s ame t ime , f u r ther g rave s w e re d ug b y L o rd C onyngham 's g amekeepe r , b u t n o r e co rds o ft h e se w e re made , t h ough s ome o ft h e f i nd sw e re k ep t i ng rave g roups . Af u r the rg rave ( g rave 9 2 ) may h ave b een e xcava ted a tt h is t ime . 1 978 -

A n a e r ia l p ho tog raph f ou r p i t s a nd a r i ng d i tch a t TR 1 9005455 .

T h ree o f t h e p i t s w e re

r e c tangu la ro rs qua re . T he e a r l ies t b u r ia ls a tB if ron s a ppea rt od a te t ot h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 5f i c en tu ry , a l though m any o ft h e 5t h c en tu ry o b jec t s f r om t h e s i te w e re b u r ied i nt h e 6t h c en tury . T he re d o n o t a ppea r t o b e a ny f i nd s f r om t h e s i te d a tab le t ot h e v ery l a te 6t h o r 7t h c en tu r ie s . I np a r t icu la r , t h e l a ck o fK en t i sh d i sc b rooche s o fA ven t 's C la ss 3o rl a te r i sn o tab le . T he 1 865 f i nd s w e re made j u s tb e low t h e b row o ft h e h i l l , " s l igh t ly d own t h e w es tern s l ope" . G odf rey F au s se t t 's e xcava t ions r evea led g raves mo s t ly o nt h em idd le o ft h e s l ope . T he c eme te ry l i e s o n an or th -wes t f a c ing s l ope , o ve r look ing t h e L i t t le S tou r . T he s i te i sb e tween t h e 3 0 a nd 5 0m c on tou r s . T he b ed rock i sC ha lk . T he a r ea i sc ur ren t ly ( 1999 ) a r ab le l a nd . 2 03 . 1 . Church . Doub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 1 955 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : ? A nonymou s 1 866 , 3 31 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 3 1 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 2 . R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : ?P ha ses : ? May 1 5 th , 1 866 - I tw a s r e por ted t h a t af ew w eek s p r ev iou s ly , " on a no the rp ar t " o ft h e b row o ft h e h i l l w he re t h e B if rons c eme te ry w a s d i scove red , o t he rg r aves h ad b een f ound . I r on f r agmen t s a ccompan ied t h e s ke le ton s , b u t t h e re w e re n o d a tab le f i nd s .

T he s i te w a s s a id t o b e a lmos t d i rec t ly a bove

P a t r ixbourne C hu rch , w h ich p l ace s i ts omewhe re o nt h e s ou th s i de o ft h e L i t t le S tou rv a l ley . P os t l ing . 2 04 . I . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 1 539 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 1 3 NW7 . F au s se t t 1 856 , 2 28 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 86 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 ; Aven t 1 975 , c orpu s n o s . 3 3-4 ; A ven t a nd L e igh 1 977 , 1 6 ; R icha rd son 1 995 , 2 14 ; H awke s A rch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L iverpoo l mu seum . P ha se s : I I . c .1 773 - A n i d en t ica l p a i ro fk ey s tone -ga rne t d i sc b rooches ( of Aven t 's C la s s 2 . 1) , a nd ap a i r o fs hoe s haped r i ve t s , w e re f ound a tP o s t l ing , p robab ly i n 1 773 . T hey w e re i nF au sse t t 's c o l lec t ion , b u t o t he r t h an t h e i r g ene ra l p rovenance , n o d e ta i ls o ft h e ir d i scovery w e re r e corded . I ti su nc lea r w he the r t h e b rooche s a nd t h e r i ve t s w e re f r om t h e s ame c on tex t . H oweve r , ab u r ia l ( o r b u r ia ls ) i sb y f a r t h e mo s t l i ke ly c on tex tf o rt h e se f i nd s . T he f i nd s a r e o ft h e m id -6 th c en tury .

6 1

A ppend ix 1 . H awk e s r a i se s t h e p o s s ib i l i ty t h a t t h e se f i nd s m ay h ave b een f r om a no the r k nown s i t e , e i th e r A ld ing ton /Lympne ( Ma rwood F a rm ) , o r N ew ing ton , M i lky D own . H owev e r , t h e re i sn o p o s i t iv e e v idence f o re i the ro ft h e se s ugg e s t ion s . P re s ton . 2 05 . I .D eer son F arm ( Aka D ear son F arm ) . I s o la ted f i nd s . NGR : TR 2 3935985 . NAR : TR ? D owke r 1 878 ; My re s 1 944 , 5 2 -4 ,f i g .1 -2 ; C hadw ick 1 958a ,6 9 . L oca t ion o ff md s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : I ? 1 872 - G rave ld i gg ing i n af i e ld a tD ee r son F a rm r e vea led S am ian a nd o t he rR oman p o t te ry , i n c lud ing l a rg eb l a ck u rn sw i th b u rn tb one s . P re -1878 - I nt h e s ame f i e ld , D owke rf o und a n a s semb lag e o f1 5 -20 p o t te ry v e s se l s , r e v ea l ing t h e s i t e t ob e aR omano -B r i t i sh c r ema t ion c eme t e ry . 1 944 - My r e s i d en t if ied t wo o ft h e v e s se l s f r om t h e s i t e a sb e ing o fp o s s ib ly p o s t -Roman d a t e . O ne w a s as ma l l h and -made v e s se l o fg r ey f a b r ic , w i th ar ounded b a se . T he o t he r p o t w a s " . .rough ly w h ee l tu rned . . ." ,a nd My r e sc on s ide r ed i t' s ub -Roman ' . T he s i t e l i e so n an or th -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 1 5 -20m OD . R am s2a te . 2 06 . I . We s tC l if f( Aka S t . A ugu s t ine ' sC o l lege ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TR 3 7606457 /375645 . NAR : TR 3 6 S E6 . S m i th 1 846 -7b ; H ick s 1 878 , 1 7 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 6 99 -700 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 86 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 ; P e rk in se ta t1 987 ,4 8 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rd ed g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1846 - A ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion s a nd R oman c r ema t ion s w e re f o und n ea r t h e j unc t ion o f We s t C l if fR oad a nd G rang e R oad , R am sga t e , n ea r ' t h e 3M i l l s ' . T he i n huma t ion s w e re a c compan ied b y s wo rd s . c . 1877 - T he i n huma t ion o f am an ( g rav e 1 )w a s f o und u nde rN o . 7 7 C amb r idge T e r ra ce . T he g r av e a l so c on ta ined s e ve ra l l a rg e n a i l s , p robab ly f r om ac of in , a nd s ome h o r se s t e e th . T h r ee R oman p o t s w e r ef o und n ea rby . Mean ey r e co rd st h a t" . . . the s k e le ton o f aS axon c h ief ,w i th t h a to f aw oman ,a nd s ome [ Roman p o t t e ry ] w e r ef ound w hen an ew w ing w a sb e ing a dded t oS t .A ugu s t ine 's C o l lege ." T h es i te i sl o ca t ed a t op ap l a teau ,w h ich s l ope sg en t ly t ot h es ou th , e nd ing i n av e r t ica lC ha lk c l if 3 00m t ot h es ou th . OD i sb e tween 3 0 -40m . 2 07 . I . S ta t ion Approach ( Aka P ark R oad ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TR 3 7906547 . NAR : TR 3 6 NE 32 . T hane tG az e t te ( 2 4 /09 / 1932 ) , 1 ; B ou l t e r 1 9 33 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 ; P e rk in se t a l1 987 ,4 8 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : V I I -V I I I? P r e -1932 - B one sw e r ef ound n ea rt h es i t eo ft h e 1 9 32 d i scove ry ,w hen t h er o ad w a sb e ing d ug . S ep tember 1 932 - Wo rkmen d i gg ing at r ench f o r a n e l ec t r ic i ty c ab le c u t i n to t h e f oo tpa th , c l o se t oa h i gh b ank , a tt h ej unc t ion o fS t a t ion A pp roa ch r o ad a nd P a rk r o ad . A t ad ep th o fa bou t 3 0cm t h ey u n cove red t h e l owe r p or t ion o f ah uman s k e le ton . T he p o l ice w e r e i n f o rmed , a nd h ad t h e r e s t o ft h e s k e le ton , w h ich w a s u nde r t h e a d ja cen t b ank , e xcava ted . As ma l l i r on k n if e a nd p o r t ion o f ag l a s s v e s se lw e r ef ound w i th t h eb u r ia l . H u rd w a so ft h eo p in ion t h a tt h eb u r ia lw a sS axon ,d a t ed t oc .6 70 . T he s i te l i e s o nt h eb row o f aC ha lk s pu r , t h e g r ound s l op ing a way t ot h e n o r th , e a s ta nd s o u th . OD i s 3 0 -35m . 2 08 . I I . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 865 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 3 6 NE 124 . C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 32 -3 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 3 822 , f .3 7 ; P e rk in s e ta l1 987 , 4 8 ; H e rne B ay m u seum r e co rd s ; F o lk e s tone m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : H e rne B ay mu seum . P ha se s : ? P re -1931- H e rne B ay m u seum a cqu i r ed m a te r ia lf r om f o u rA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s . Two o ft h es k e le ton s w e r eo fa du l t s ,t h eo t he rt wo w e re o fi n f an t s , p o s s ib ly t w in s . E a ch a du l tw a s a c compan ied b y ap o t t e ry v e s se l , a nd a n i r on o b jec t , s ha rp ly p o in t ed a tb o th e nd s , w a s f o und ' b e tween t h e t wo s k e le ton s ' . T he b u r ia l s w e r e s a id t ob e " . .f rom R am sga te . . ." , b u tn o m o re p r ec i se i n f o rma t ion o nt h e i r o r ig in h a s b een r e co rded . I ti sl i ke ly t h a tt h ey c ame f r om o ne o ft h ek nown c eme t e r ie sa tR am sga te .

6 2

A ppend ix 1 . 2 09 . I V . O zenge l l( Aka O senga l ,O z inge l l ,L ord o ft he Manor ) . I nhuma t ion c eme te ry . S AM K en t 2 50 . NGR : TR 3 57654 / 35546512 . NAR : TR 3 6 NE26 / 36 NE58 . N um i sma t ic C h ron ic le 8 ( 1 846 ) , P roceed ing s , 2 ; S m i th 1 845 -6 ; 1 846 -7a ; 1 848 , 1 05 ; 1 852 , 2 46 , p l . lv i i i ; 1 854 , 1 18 , p 1 .1-6 ; 1 880 , 1 90 ; K ea t s 1 846 -7 ; I s aac s 1 847 -8 ; R o lf e 1 847 -8 ; Wr igh t 1 852 , 4 02 ; A ke rman 1 852 , 1 79 ; 1 855a , 5 7 , 7 0 , 7 1 , 7 9 , p l s . x xv i i i , x xx iv .6 , x xxv .7 , x xx ix .5 ; D av i s a nd T hu rnham 1 865 ,p 1 .38 ; S co t t -Robe r t son 1 878 , 34 -6 ; C o t ton 1 895 , 2 63 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 62 -3 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 00 1 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 59 , 1 64 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 3 1 ; W i l son 1 967 , 2 67 ; M i l la rd e t . a l . 1 969 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 4 1 ; Web s te r 1 975 , 2 23 ; A ven t a nd L e igh 1 977 , 1 8 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu sn o . 3 099 , f .2 06 ; E v i son 1 979 , 6 7 , 8 0 , 8 2 ; Y oung s 1 98 1 , 1 7 1 ; Y oung s a nd C la rk 1 982 , 1 89 -90 ; R igo ld a nd Me t ca lf 1 984 , 2 57 ; Moo r e a nd O ddy 1 985 , 7 1 ; J ay 1 990 , 2 7 1-2 ; P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 2 -4 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om D R JP e rk in s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 7 10 . R eco rded g r av e s : 2 43 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , BM ( Na t H i s t ) , L ive rpoo l Mu seum , P owe l l -Co t ton m u seum , R am sga te P ub l ic L ib ra ry . P ha se s : I B? -V I I I . 1 845 When a r a i lway c u t t ing w a s m ade " . . . th rough t h e h i l l a t H o l land -bo t tom , i mm ed ia te ly o ppo s i t e as ma l lp ub l ic h ou se c a l led ' The L o rd o ft h e Mano r ' , . . . al a rge n umbe ro fg r ave s , s unk i nc ha lk 2 ' -3 ' d eep [ w e re f ound ] . . ." . R o lf e i n ve s t iga t ed , b u t n o t b ef o re m any g r ave s h ad b een d e s t roy ed a nd t h e i rc on ten t sd i spe r sed . R o lf ew a sa b le ,h ow eve r ,t oo b ta in an umbe ro fo b jec t s . T he r a i lway w o rke r s s a id 1 00+ g rave sh ad b een o pened , b u tC .R . S m i th t h ough tt h i sw a sp robab ly a ne xagge ra t ion , a nd t h a t 5 0 -80 w a s am o r e l i ke ly f i gu r e . T he g r ave s w e r e " . .d i spo sed i regu la r ly . . ." . T hey w e r e f i l led w i th l o o se c ha lk , a nd w e re s a id t oh ave b een c ove r ed w i th t h in s l ab so fl am ina ted s t one . T he s k e le ton sw e r e p oo r ly p r e se rved . F ind s i n c luded s wo rd s , k n ive s , u r n s , ` p a t e ra ' , a nd ag l a s s v e s se l . T he c on ten t s o f o ne b u r ia l( g rave A )w e r el i s t ed . S ub sequen t ly , R o lf e h ad at r ench e xcava t ed a tt h e s i t e i nt h e p r e sence o f Wr igh t a nd C .R . S m i th . T he t r ench w a s n a r row , a nd c u t t ob e tween 3 0 -36cm d eep , d own t o t h e n a tu ra l c ha lk . 1 3 g r ave s w e r e r e v ea led ,o fw h ich 4w e r ed e sc r ibed i n d iv idua l ly ( g rave sB -E ) . 1 846 - C .R . Sm i th e xh ib i ted f i nd s i nR o lf e 's c o l lec t ion f r om O z eng e l l t ot h e BAA . T hey c on s i s t ed o f 1 2v a r ie t ie so fs p ea rhead , l a rg ea nd s ma l lk n iv e s , s wo rd s , s h ie ld s , p o t s , R oman v e s se l s , g o ld or namen t s , b r ooche s , g l a s sv e s se l s , s c a le sa nd w e igh t s , a nd al e aden c off in . K ea t s r e co rded t h ed i scove ry o f as e ax i na no the rg r ave ( g rave F ) . 1 846 -50 - F u r the r d i scove r ie s c on t inued t o b e m ade , w i th R o lf e a dd ing t o h i s c o l lec t ion . F i nd s i n c luded as e to fk ey ss t rung o n ar i ng . May 1 966 - At r ench f o r aw a t e rp i pe r e v ea led 7b u r ia l s ( g rave s I -V I I ) a t TR 3 5546512 . T h e p o l ice w e r ei n f o rmed ,a nd t h ey a l e r t ed C an t e rbu ry m u seum . T he c u ra to r , M i s sL .M i l la rd , m ade as k e tch p l an o ft h et r ench , a nd r e cove r ed t h e f i nd s . H ow eve r , t h eg r ave s h ad a l r eady b een d ug , a nd t h e a s s ignmen t o fb one s a nd f i nd s t og r av e s w a s u n ce r ta in . O n ly t h e f i nd s f r om t h r ee b u r ia l s w e r e a s soc ia ted . T he u np rovenanced f i nd s c on s i s t ed o f as p ea rhead , as h ie ld -bo s s a nd g r ip , a nd t h e r im o f ad r ink ing v e s se l . T h eb one so fa tl e a s t 4m a le sa nd 1f ema le w e r er e cove r ed . 1 974 T he d ry s umme rr e v ea led c r op -ma rk sa tt h es i t e . J .B rad shaw r e co rded t h ec r op -ma rk so fo ve r 1 00 p robab le g r ave s t ot h e e a s t o ft h e A 256 r o ad . A l l w e r e a l igned W -E , a nd o ne h ad ap enannu la r d i t ch . A no the r s ma l le r g r oup w a s v i s ib le o n t h e o t he r s i de o ft h e r oad , a s soc ia ted w i th ap r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . I nt h ea u tumn s ome g r ave sw e r eo pened a nd A ng lo -Saxon g r ave g ood sw e r ef o und . c . 1 970 's - T he T hane t A r cha eo log ica l U n i t d i scove r ed 6 A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s i n se r t ed i n to a p r eh i s to r ic h enge t y pe m onumen t . T h i ss i t e i st e rmed ' Lo rd o ft h e Mano rD 2 ' . 1 977 - T he T hane tA r cha eo log ica l U n i t , h ead ed b y P e rk in s , e xcava ted 8 8 b u r ia l s a tt h e s i t e . G rave s 1 87 l a y i mmed ia te ly t ot h ew e s to ft h e A 256 a t TR 3 5506530 . G rave 8 l a yo ppo s i te , o nt h ee a s ts i de o ft h e r o ad . Many o ft h e g r ave s h ad s t ruc tu ra l f e a tu r e s , a nd m any h ad b een r obbed i na n t iqu i ty . T he g r av e s c l u s t e r ed a r ound ap r eh i s to r ic b a r row , a nd m any o ft h e g r ave s w e r e c u t i n to , o r l a y w i th in , t h e r i ng d i t ch . 1 980 -2 - E xcava t ion s b y t h e T hane t U n i t c on t inued . A f u r the r 1 40 b u r ia l s ( g rave s 8 9 -228 ) w e r e e x cava ted t ot h e e a s t o ft h e A 256 , a nd t ot h e n o r th o ft h e r a i lway ( TR 3 5606530 ) . T he re w e r e a ga in m any g r ave sw i th s t ruc tu ra lf e a tu r e s , a nd m any d i s tu rbed g r ave s . Two f u r the rp r eh i s to r ic b a r row sw e r e a l so l o ca ted . 1 989 - R oad i mp rovemen t s a tt h e L o rd o ft h e Mano rj unc t ion r e vea led 2 f u r the r g r ave s ( g rave s 2 29 3 0 ) ,w h ich w e r ee xcava t ed b yt h e T ru s tf o rT han e tA r cha eo logy . I tw a st h ough tt h a tt h ew e s t e rn l i m i t s o ft h ec eme te ry h ad b een r e a ched . Af u r the r3 00 -500 g r av e sa r ev i s ib le a sc r op -ma rk si mmed ia te ly s ou th o ft h er a i lway c u t t ing .

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A ppend ix 1 . T he b u lk o ft h e f i nd s a nd g r ave s f r om t h i s c eme t e ry , o rg r oup o fc eme te r ie s ( s ee b e low ) , a r e o ft h e 7 `h c en tu ry . H oweve r , an umbe r o ff i nd s a nd g r ave s w e r e o f 6t h c en tu ry d a te , a nd a tl e a s t o ne c l u s te r o f g r ave sm ay h ave d a ted t ot h e l a te 56 1c en tu ry . T he s i t e o ft h e 1 9 'h c en tu ry d i scov e r ie s a tO z eng e l l w a s f o rm any y ea r s t h ough t t oh ave b een t owa rd s t h en o r th -ea s te rn e nd o ft h er a i lway c u t t ing ( a pp rox ima te ly TR 3 62655 ) . T hu s t h e d i scove ry o fg r av e s i n 1 966 a t TR 3 5546512 , s ome 7 00m t ot h e s ou th -we s t , w a s t h ough t t o c on s t i tu te a s e pa ra te s i t e , s ub sequen t ly c a l led L o rd o ft h e Mano r . S ub sequ en t ly , h oweve r , r e -con s ide ra t ion o ft h e 1 94` hc en tu ry s ou r ce s s ugge s ted t h a t t h e m a in O z eng e l l c eme t e ry w a s l o ca ted t owa rd s t h e s ou th -we s t er n e nd o ft h e r a i lway c u t t ing . T h i s w a s b o rne o u t b y t h e l a te r e xcava t ion s . I ts e em s t h e c eme t e ry c on s i s t ed o f p e rhap s t h r ee w ide ly s pa ced c l u s t e r s o fg r ave s , m any c ove r ed b y b a r row s ( C .R . Sm i th r e co rded t h e p r e sence o f' h i l lock s ' ) . T he s i te a ppea r st oh ave c ove r ed a na r ea o fa tl e a s t4 00m n o r th sou th ,b y3 00m e a s t -we s t . I te x tend sf r om t h eb row t om id -way d own as ou th sou th -ea s tf a c ing C ha lk s pu r ,b e tween t h e 3 0 -50m c on tou r s . 2 10 . V . N e ther cour tF arm . ( Aka S t . L awrence ,H e lve l lyn A venue ) . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 3 6696516 /36796523 . NAR : TR 3 6 NW29 . S t ebb ing 1 951 , 1 50 , 1 52 ; 1 954 ; 1 955 , 2 02 , p l . I ; T hane tA dve r t i se r2 7 / 11/ 1953 , 1 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 6 ; D unn ing 1 964 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 ; P e rk in se ta l1 987 ,4 8 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? O c tober 1 949 - Ah ou s ing e s ta t e w a s b e ing b u i l t a tN e the r cou r t F a rm , S t . L aw rence . An e two rk o f d eep d r a inag et r enche s f o rt h ee s ta te c u tt h rough t wo A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s a t TR 3 6696516 . O ne g r ave h ad b een d e s t royed , b u tt h eo t he r( g rave 1 )c on ta ined as k e le ton a nd g r ave g ood s . N ovember 2 4 ` h,1 953 - Two i n huma t ion s w e r e d i scove red w hen t h e f o unda t ion s o fN o s . 1 4 a nd 1 6 H e lve l lyn A venue w e r e d ug , a t TR 3 6796523 . A n i r on s p ea rhead , s wo rd ( o r s eax ) a nd k n if e w e r e f o und w i th t h em . N eo l i th ic a nd B ronze A g eb u r ia l sw e r ea l so p r e sen ta tt h i ss i t e . T he s i te i so n t h e b row o f ag en t le w e s t -f a c ing s l ope , b e tw een t h e 3 5 -45m c on tou r s . T he b ed rock i s C ha lk . 2 11 . V I . N er thercour tE s ta te We s t . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme te ry . NOR : TR 3 6 1651 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR :N one . I n f o rma t ion f r om D R JP e rk in s . c .1 949 - P e rk in sr e po r t st h a tm o re A ng lo -Saxon g r ave sm ay h ave b een d e s t royed w hen t h eN e the r cou r t E s ta t ew a sb u i l t . T he se m ay h av eb een p a r to f as e pa ra t ec eme t e ry o nt h ew e s t e rn p a r to ft h ee s ta te . R ing d i t che s a r e v i s ib le i nt h e f i e ld i mmed ia t e ly s ou th o ft h e A 253 , w h ich r un s a l ong s ide t h e s ou ther n e dge o ft h ee s ta te . 2 12 . V I I . S t . L awrence . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NOR : TR 3 72654 . NAR : N one . A k e rman 1 855a ,7 9 ,p l .xxx ix .5 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om D R JP e rk in s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 846 - As i lve rf i xed -p la t eb uck le w a sf o und i n ag r ave a tS t . L aw r ence . I tw a s i nR o lf e 's c o l lec t ion . 1 939 -40 - A ng lo -Saxon g r ave sw e r e d i s tu rbed d u r ing t h e d i gg ing o fs l i tt r enche s . O ne i n huma t ion h ad f l i n tb ou lde r su nde ra nd a r ound t h eh ead . T he s i te w a s i d en t if i ed b yP e rk in sa sb e ing j u s to fS t . L aw r ence H igh S t r ee t , o ppos i te E l l ing ton P l a ce . T he s i t ei sn ow o ccup ied b y ay ou th c en t r e . T he s i t e i so nt h et o po f ah i l l ,a ta bou t4 0m OD . 2 13 . V I I I . C ha lk H i l l . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NOR : TR 3 5686478 . NAR : N one . H ea rne e ta l1 995 ,2 40 ,2 44 ,2 62 ,2 66 -7 ,3 0 1-3 ,3 28 , 38 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 . R eco rded g r av e s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P owe l l -Co t ton mu seum . P ha se s : 1 992 -4 - We s sex A r chaeo logy a nd t h e T ru s t f o r T hane t A r cha eo logy c a r r ied o u t a n a r cha eo log ica l p r og ramme o f s u rvey a nd f i e ldwo rk a head o f S ou the rn Wa te r S e rv ice s ' S andw ich B ay Wa s tewa t e r T r ea tmen t s c heme . A t C ha lk H i l l ag r ave w a s f o und w h ich c on ta ined t h e r ema in s o fa n a du l t , a nd p o s s ib ly as e cond , y oung e r , i n d iv idua l , p e rhap s i n d ica t ing t h e d i s tu rbance o fo ne gave b y a no the r . P e rk in sc on s ide r ed a nA ng lo -Saxon d a te m o s t l i k e ly f o rt h i sg r ave . C rop -ma rk s o f 4r i ng d i t che s w e r e v i s ib le t ot h es ou th o ft h eg r ave , a nd 1w a s v i s ib le t ot h e n o r th . T he se r i ng d i t che s w e re b e tween 4 6m

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A ppend ix 1 . i n d i ame ter , s ugges t ing A ng lo -Saxon , r a the r t h an B ronze A ge , b u r ia l s , a nd t h e d i scove ry o f a p o lych rome ' c ane b ead ' o nt h e s i te o fo ne o ft h ec rop -ma rk s s t reng thened t h is t h eory . T he s i te i sl o ca ted m id -way d own as ou th sou th -we s t f a c ing s l ope , b e tween t h e2 0 -30m c on tou r s . 2 14 . I X . C l if f s E nd ( aka P egwe l l B ay ) . I nhuma t ion c eme tery . NGR : TR 3 4786431 . NAR : None . Meaney 1 964 , 1 31-2 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 2 . R eco rded g raves : 1 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : BM ( Na tu ra l H is tory ) . P ha se s : I -V? P re -1964 - Ac r an ium i nt h e N a tu ra l H is tory Museum w a s f ound e mbedded i nt h e c l if f" . .a t P egwe l l B ay . . ." . I ti sd esc r ibed a s A ng lo -Saxon , p r esumab ly o n a n o s teo log ica l b a s is . T he re a r e n o f u r the r d e ta i ls r e co rded . T he c l if fr e f er red t oi s mos t l i ke ly t h a t b e low L i t t le C l if f send F arm , a bou t 7 25m s ou th o ft h e L o rd o ft h e Mano r . 2 004 -

Wessex A rchaeo logy c a r r ied o u t e xcava t ions a tC l if f s E nd F a rm , R amsga te a head o fh ou s ing

d eve lopmen t .

I n a dd i t ion t oB ronze Age b u r ia ls a nd r ema ins , 1 2 A ng lo -Saxon g raves w e re l o ca ted .

T he l a t te r i n c luded t h e l a rg e g rave o f aw oman , b u r ied w i th g l a s s a nd a mbe r b eads a nd ak n if e .

T he

o t he r g raves i n c luded w eapon g raves c on ta in ing s wo rd s , s pea r s a nd s h ie ld s . S ome o r a l l o ft h e g rave s p robab ly d a ted t ot h e 6t h c en tu ry . R ecu lver . 2 15 . I . B roomf ie ld . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 1 99667 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : TR 1 6 NE 10 /26 NW78 . Sm i th 1 852 , 1 63 ; Ake rman 1 855a , 3 ,p l . i i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 61; H a rden 1 956 , 1 59 , p l .xv i .c ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 33 ; E v ison 1 982 , 4 7 , 6 1 , 6 3 , p l . ix .a . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 . R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry mu seum . P ha se s : I I . P re -1852 - Ac l aw -beake r , o fl i gh t g r een -b rown g l a ss , i nC an te rbu ry museum , w a s s a id t oh ave c ome f r om ag rave lp i tn ea rB roomf ie ld , a l ong w i th i r on w eapon s a nd p o t te ry . T he v esse l i so fE v ison 's T ype 2 b ,w h ich a ppea r st od a te t ot h e 5 t h c en tury . 2 16 . I . R ecu lver F ore shore . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 2 28694 . NAR : TR 2 6 NW 13 /26 NW 14 /26 N W 18 /26 NW35 /26 NW68 /26 NW71/26 NW76 . B a t te ly 1 745 , p l .V I ;

W i thy a nd R ya l l 1 756 ;

Sm i th 1 850a , 2 13-4 , p l .v i i .18 ;

Sm i th 1 852 , 1 63 ;

C ope land 1 893-5 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 61; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 33 ; A ven t 1 975 , c orpu s n o . 8 2 , p 1 .19 ;

My re s 1 977 , c orpu s n o . 3 821 , f .8 1 ; J ohn s 1 978 ;

R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 , 2 58 -60 ;

Ma id s tone mu seum g aze t tee r ; P or tab le An t iqu i t ie s S cheme r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg raves :

1 . R eco rded g raves : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma ids tone museum , C an te rbu ry

m u seum , H erne B ay P ub l ic L ib ra ry . P ha se s : V IX? c . 1700 - 2 0 s c ea t ta s , aMe rov ing ian s i lver c o in , a nd t h ree g o ld c o in s ( an A ng lo -Saxon ' two e mpe ro r s ' a nd 2Merov ing ian c o in s ) w e re s a id t oh ave b een f ound a tR ecu lve r . S ome o r a l l may h ave c ome f r om g raves b e ing e xposed b yc oa s ta l e ros ion . P re -1756 - 3 3 c o ins , mo s t ly s c ea t ta s , w e re i lu s t ra ted b y W i thy a nd R ya l l . T hey w e re s a id t oh ave b een " . . la te ly f ound n ea ra nd i nt h e I s le o fT hane t . . ." . S ome may h ave c ome f r om R ecu lve r . T hey i n c luded an umber o f Nor thumb r ian s c ea t ta s . 1 828 - C an te rbury mu seum r e ce ived an umbe r o ff i nd s f r om R ecu lve r , i n c lud ing 2 s pea rhead s , 1a xe h ead , a nd ap o t . T he f i nd sw e re l i s ted a sR oman , b u ts ome m ay h ave b een A ng lo -Saxon . 1 850 - C .R . Sm i th i lu s t ra ted af r agmen t o f ak ey s tone d i sc b rooch p rev ious ly f ound a tR ecu lve r . T he b rooch , n ow l o s t , w a s o fA ven t 's C la s s 3 . 1 . 1 894 - Ac oppe ra l loy b ow l , s a id t oh ave b een w a shed u p n ea rR ecu lve r , w a s e xh ib i ted b y C ope land . I t w a s o f Ang lo -Saxon d a te , d i ame te r3 1cm . 1 922 - As hou lde r -bos sp o t te ry v e sse lw a s f ound a tR ecu lve r . I ti sn ow i nH erne B ay l i b ra ry . c .1 936 - Wa lke r s d i scove red aF rank ish p o t te ry b o t t le , e xposed i nt h e f a ce o ft h e s ea -c l if fa tR ecu lve r . I ti sd ecora ted w i th a n i n te r lace p a t ter n , t h e o t he rk nown e xamp les o fw h ich ( Ev i son 's t ype 1 0 h ave rh c en tu ry a s soc ia t ions . 1 964 - Meaney l i s ted an umbe r o ff i nds f r om R ecu lve r i nv a r ious mu seum s : t h e B r i t ish Mu seum h a s a p a i ro fg i l tc oppe ra l loy t weeze r s , a nd Ma id s tone h a s a` po rosphe rae ' n eck lace . I na dd i t ion , C an te rbury mu seum h a sa n A ng lo -Saxon b ead f r om R ecu lve r .

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A ppend ix 1 . P re -2004 - Aw hee l th rown p o t te ry b o t t le o fE v i son 's G roup l b w a s r e cove r ed f r om t h e c l if e dge b e low t h e R oman f o r t a tR ecu lve r b y am embe r o ft h e p ub l ic . T h i s v e s se l , w h ich i sc omp l e te , w a s s ub sequen t ly r e co rded b yt h eP o r tab le A n t iqu i t ie s S cheme w i th t h er e f e r ence GLO -D I CF77 . I fa l l t h e se f i nd s c ame f r om R ecu lve r F o r e sho re , t h en i tw ou ld a ppea r t h a t ac eme te ry w a s b e ing e xpo sed b y c oa s t a l e r o s ion . I ft h a t w a s t h e c a se , i ti sp robab le t h a t i ti sn ow c omp le te ly d e s t royed , g i ven t h ep ace o fe r o s ion a tR ecu lve r ,a nd t h e l a ck o fA ng lo -Saxon f i nd s i nr e cen ty ea r s . R ingwou ld w i th K ing sdown . 2 17 . I .R ingwou ld . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 5914832 . NAR : TR 3 4 NE8 / 34 NE 18 . P oyn te r 1 852 ; A k e rman 1 855a , 5 9 ,p l .xx ix .1 ; S m i th 1 908a ,3 63 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 08 ; S t ebb ing MS , D ea lL ib ra ry ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 33 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 77 . M in imum n o . o fg r av e s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : I ? IV? c .1 852 - Two s k e le ton sw e r e f o und d u r ing t r en ch ing t om ake ag a rden o nt h e e s ta te o fR ev . J . Mon in s a tR ingwou ld . T he n a tu ra l c ha lk w a s s a id t ob e v e ry n ea r t h e g r ound s u rf a ce , a nd i ts e em s t h a t t h e s k e le ton s w e r e f ound a t as h a l low d ep th . T he f i nd s a ccompany ing t h e b u r ia l s w e re p r e sen t ed t ot h e B r i t i sh Mu seum , a nd c on s i s t ed o f 2s p ea rhead s , as i ng le -edg ed i r on ` c ou t e l ' ( as e ax o r k n if e? ) , as p ea r f e r ru le , ac oppe r a loy b uck le l o op w i th p unched d eco ra t ion , a nd ag i l t c oppe r a l loy b uck le p l a te , d eco ra ted w i th i n la id -ga rne t sa nd S t y le Io r namen ta t ion . Ad i sc b rooch i sa l so r e co rded a sh av ing b een f o und i na n i s o la ted g r ave a tR ingwou ld v i l lag e ,a nd t h i s w a sp robab ly p a r to ft h es ame s i t e . T he b r ooch i sn ow l o s t . T he g a rne t in la id b e l t -p la t e i s aK en t i sh p r oduc t , a nd w ou ld p robab ly h ave b een m anuf a c tu r ed d u r ing t h es e cond q ua r te ro ft h e6 `1 c en tu ry . T he se b u r ia l s w e re o n t h e b row o f ag en t le s ou th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope , a ta bou t 6 7m OD . T he b ed ro ck i s C ha lk . 2 18 . I . F reedown . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 6547 1 . NAR : TR 3 4 NE7 . C ave 1 945 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 2 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : BM ( Na tu ra lH i s to ry ) . P ha se s : ? S ep tember 1 945 - Ah uman s ku l l , p e lv ic f r agmen ta nd l e f tf emu rw e r e d i scove r ed a t ap o in t" . .no t f a r e a s to ft wo b ronz e a ge t umu l it h a tw e r e e xp lo r ed i n1 872 . . ." . C av es ugge s ted t h a tt h e b one sm ay h av e b een o fa nA ng lo -Saxon . H oweve ri ti sp robab le t h a tt h ey w e r eo fp r eh i s to r ic d a t e . T he s i te l i e sa tt h ee nd o f aC ha lk r i dge ,w h ich r u n st owa rd st h en o r th -ea s t . OD i s7 0m . 2 19 . I I . K ing sdown . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 7704860 . NAR : ? H awke sA r ch ive ;G o ld sm i th C a r t e r 1 989 , 5 ;P a rf i t t 1 999 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 960 's - Ag r ave c on ta in ing a s k e le ton a c compan ied b y as wo rd , s e ax , s h ie ld , s pea r a nd k n if e w a s f o und w hen a c e s spoo l w a s b e ing d ug a t ' Ty R ho s ' , S t . Mon ica 's R oad , K ing sdown . O n ly t h e s p ea rhead w a s i ng ood e nough c ond i t ion t ob er e cove r ed ,b u tt h i s i sn ow l o s t . T he b one sw e r er e bu r ied i nt h eg a rd en . A pr i l 1 999 - T he D ove rA r cha eo log ica l G roup c a r r ied o u t aw a tch ing b r ief d u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o fa h ou se s ome 3 0m t ot h en o r th -ea s to ft h eb u r ia l s i t e( a t NGR TR 3 7724865 ) . N oa r chaeo log ica lf e a t u re s w e r eo b se rved . T he s i te o ft h e g r ave l i e s o n t h e n o r th -ea s t f a c ing b row o f ac ha lk s pu r , o ve r look ing t h e s e a . OD i s a bou t3 0m . 2 20 . I V . G o lf L ink s . I s o la ted f i nd . NOR : TR 3 75465 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR :n one . I n f o rma t ion f r om A .J ep son . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : A .F . R icha rd son . P ha se s : ? 1 994 - As t one b ead w a s f o und o n K ing sdown g o lf c ou r se b y M r . A . J e p son . T he f i nd i sc u r r en t ly i n t h e p o s se s s ion o ft h e a u tho r . T he e xac t f i nd s po t i sn o t c u r ren t ly k nown . T he b ead m ay b e A ng lo S axon . R ipp le . 2 2 1 . I .M i l lS erv ice S ta t ion . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e .

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A ppend ix 1 . NGR : TR 3 6474935 . NAR : TR 3 4 NE28 . P a rf i t t 1 981 , 11 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 78 . M in imum n o .o fg rave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1980 - Al o ca lr e s iden tr e po r t ed t ot h e D ove rA rcha eo log ica l G roup t h a t" an umbe ro fy ea r s a go" , as k e le ton w a s f ound d u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f ap e t ro l t a nk a tt h e M i l l S e rv ice S t a t ion . I tw a s a c compan ied b ya n i r on s p ea ra nd s h ie ld . I tw a s s a id t h a t al o ca l a r cha eo log i s t( t hough tm o s t l i ke ly t o h ave b een W .P .D . S t ebb ing ) h ad s a lvag ed a nd r e co rded t h e f i nd , a l though n o r e po r t h a s e v e r b een p ub l i shed . A tt h et ime t h eg r ave w a st h ough tt ob e S axon , a nd t h i s r ema in st h e mo s tl i ke ly d a t e f o r i t , g i ven t h ep r e sence o fa ni r on s p ea ra nd s h ie ld . T h es i te i sj u s tb e low t h es umm i to f ar i dg e ,w h ich s l ope sa way t ot h en o r th , e a s t ,a nd s ou th -ea s t . OD i s a bou t5 0m . T he b ed rock i sC ha lk . R oche s ter . 2 22 . I .S tar H i l l . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 7 4666807 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW 15 . N ay lo r 1 853 -4 ; Sm i th 1 8 54 , 2 09 , p l .xxx iv . 1-7 ; P ayne 1 898 , 3 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 76 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 4 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 34 ; A ven t 1 975 ,c o rpu sn o .4 6 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 0 . R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : R oche s te rm u seum . P ha se s : H I V . 1 852 - Tw en ty i n huma t ion sw e re d i scove r ed d u r ing t h ed i gg ing o ff o unda t ion s f o rc o t tag e so n S t a rH i l l , R oche s te r . F i nd sr e cove r ed i n c luded 5s p ea rhead s , b uck le s , ag a rne t in la id b e l t -p la te , b ead s( i nc lud ing al a rge a mbe rb ead ) , r i ng s , ac oppe ra loy b r a ce le t , aR oman p i n , p a r to f a' v a se ' , a nd ak ey s tone g a rne t d i sc b rooch o fA ven t 's C la s s 2 . 3 . I ft h e b rooch h ad b een w or n s i ng ly ( a s s e em s l i ke ly ) , t h en i tw a s p r obab ly b u r ied c .5 60 -90 . T he r e c tangu la r b e l t -p la t e i ss e t w i th ac en t ra l o b long g a rne t , a nd c a r r ie s S t y le Id eco ra t ion ; i td a t e st ot h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e 6t"c en tu r y . T he s i te l i e si nO rang eT e r ra ce ,a tt h eb a se o f as t eep n o r th -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 1 0 15m OD . I ti sj u s t o u t s ide t h eo l dc i ty 's E a s tG a t e ,n ea rt ot h ec ou r se o ft h e Wa t l ing S t r ee tR oman r oad . 2 23 . I . Wa t t 's A venue . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 7 4026795 /74056805 /74 19680 1 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW37 . P ayne 1 893 , 1 2 1-4 ; P ayne 1 895 , l v ; P ayne 1 897 , l i v lv i i i ; P ayne 1 900a , l i v lv ; P ayne 1 900b , 7 8 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 76 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V ,7 4 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 34 ; W i l l iam sa nd P ayne 1 979 . M in imum n o . o fg r av e s : 3 8 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 7 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : R oche s te r m u seum , B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : V -V I I? P re -1892 - D u r ing c on s t ruc t ion o fh ou se s , s k e le ton s w e r e d i scove r ed a tt h ej unc t ion o f Wa t t 's A v enue a nd S t . Ma rga r e t 's S t ree t , R oche s te r . W i th o ne o ft h em w a s f o und a n i r on o b jec t t h a t P ayne l a te r i d en t if i ed a sa n A ng lo -Saxon k n if e . Many o t he r s k e le ton s w e r e s a id t oh ave b een f o und o n t h e s i t e s t h a tw e re s ub sequen t ly o ccup ied b y Me rva r id H ou se a nd Wood s tone H ou se , Wa t t 's A venue ( o ppo s i t e t h es i te o ft h e 1 892 f i nd s ) ,w h i l s to t he r sw e r ef o und a tt h er e a ro f Wood s tone , a tt h ew e s te nd o fG o rdon T e r race . March -Sep tember 1 892 - P ayne e xcava t ed 1 g r ave s ( 1 11) i nt h e r e a r g a rden o f an ew h ou se o n Wa t t 's A venue . T he h ou se w a ss ub sequ en t ly n amed Saxonbu ry ' b yi t sf i r s to wne r , aM r . H oman . 1 895 -6 - F u r the r g r ave s w e r e d i scove r ed w hen ac e l la r w a s e xcava t ed f o r an ew h ou se o ppo s i t e S t . Ma rga re t 's C hu r chya rd . P ayne e xcava ted a nd r e co rded g r ave s 1 2 -30 . 1 899 -1900 - T he d i gg ing o f ac e s spoo l i nt h e r e a r g a rden o fN o . 1 6 R oebuck R oad r e v ea led a no the r g r ave ( g rave 3 1) . Wh i l s tP ayne w a s i n ve s t iga t ing t h i ss i t e , 3f u r the rg r ave sw e re d i scove r ed a d ja cen t i n t h eg a rden o fN o . 1 4( g rave s3 2 -4 ) . J une 1 979 - T h ree g r av e s( 3 5 -7 )w e re d i scove r ed a t6 1 S t . Ma rga r e t 's S t r ee t . O f t h e 3 7 r e co rded g r ave s , 1 4 c on ta ined n o g r ave g ood s , 6h ad k n ive s , 1 0 h ad w eapon s , a nd 6 c on ta ined b ead s a nd /o ro t he ro b jec t s ( wh i l s tg r ave 3 5 c on ta ined o n ly ap i ece o fi r on s l ag ) . F ew o ft h e g r ave g ood s a r e c l o se ly d a tab le ; g r ave 2c on ta ined a me thy s tb ead s a nd ag o ld p endan t , a nd t h u s d a t e s t ot h e 7t h c en tu ry . G rav e 1 7 c on ta ined ag a rne t i n la id b uck le w i th t r iangu la r p l a t e , d a tab le t ot h e v e ry l a t e 6t h,o re a r ly 7t h c en tu ry . Mo s t , i fn o t a l , o ft h e b u r ia l s f r om t h i s s i t e w e r e p robab ly o f 76 c en tu ry d a te . T he c eme t e ry w a s s i tua t ed o n t o p o ft h e n o r the r n e nd o f ar i dge , o ve r look ing t h e Medway . OD i s b e tween 2 5 -40m . 2 24 . I I . S hor tB ro s . Work s . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 7 3606759 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW38 .

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A ppend ix 1 . F i she r 1 939 ,2 05 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 34 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 939 - M r . J ohn E van s , K .A .S . c u ra to r , i n spec t ed t h e f i nd s f r om a g r ave f o und a t S ho r t B ro the r s A e rop lane Wo rk s . T he l ow e rj aw o fa n e l d e r ly m an w a s f o und w i th as h ie ld -bo s s , 2s pea rh ead s a nd a s wo rd . T he g r ave w a so nl ow ly ing g round b e s ide t h ee a s t e rn b ank o ft h e Medway . OD w a sb e tween 1 0 15m . 2 25 . I V . C a thedra l . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 7 4226854 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW9 . W i l son 1 96 1 ,3 09 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 34 -5 ; H awk e sA r ch ive . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 800 's - E xcava t ion s a r ound t h e n o r th w a l l o ft h eN ave r e vea led ab u r ia l g round w h ich i ss a id t oh av e b een a s soc ia ted w i th E the lbe rh t 's C hu r ch . 1 960 - Wh i l s t i n s ta l l ing ah ea t ing s y s t em a tR oche s te r C a thed ra l , w o rkmen d i scove red an umbe r o f A ng lo -Saxon g rave s u nd e r t h e s ou th -we s t c or n e r o fG undu lph 's T owe r . N o a ccu ra te r e co rd o ft h e g r ave s a ppea r s t oh ave b een m ade , b u t f i nd s i n c luded as p ea rhead , p o t te ry , a nd s ome c off in c l ench n a i l s . T h e C a thed ra l i s s i tua ted w i th in R oche s t e r c i ty w a l l s , n ea r t h e b ank o f t h e Medway . OD i s a pp rox ima te ly 1 0m . S t . Margare t 's -a t -C l if f e . NB . F o l low ing Meaney ( 1 964 ) ,t h ev a r iou sf i nd s f r om S t . Ma rga r e t 's w e re t r ea ted a sf ou rs e pa r a te s i te s w h en t h i s w o rk w a s s ubm i t t ed a s at h e s i s . S ub sequen t f i e ldwo rk b y P a rf i t t s ugg e s t s t h a t t h e s i t e s a nd f i nd s l i s t ed u nde rs i te s2 26 -229 s hou ld i nf a c t b e r e ga rded a s as i ng le c eme te ry e x tended a l ong ar i dg e , a nd t h ey h ave t h e ref o re b een a ma lgama ted b e low . T he c eme te ry d i scove r ed a tT own send F a rm R oad i n2 004 r e p r e sen t s an ew a nd c l ea r ly s e pa ra t es i t e . 2 26 -229 . I . T he D roveway ( aka S a l i sbury R oad , B ay H i l l ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry , p r ima ry i n b a r row s . NGR : TR 3 6384440 /36424448 / 36584468 / 36604475 . NAR : TR 3 4 S E6 /TR 3 4 S E 11/TR 3 4 S E5 / TR 3 4 S E2 . S t uke ley 1 724 , 1 20 ; D oug la s 1 793 , 7 7 , 19 -2 1 , p l .xxv . I ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 63 ; C ave 1 943b ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 35 ; G amond 1 979 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 76 -78 ; H awke s A r ch ive ; B r i t i sh Mu seum N a tu r a l H i s to ry r e co rd s ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; D ove rm u seum r e co rd s ; P a r f i t t2 003b ; P a r f i t t2 004 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 8 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 5 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : BM ( Na tu ra l H i s to ry ) , D ove r m u seum . P ha se s : V I I IX . P r e 1724 - S t uke ley n o ted t h a t t h e re w e r e a bou t 3 0 b a r row s h a lf a m i le f r om t h e v i l lag e o f S t . Ma rga r e t 's ,o ve r look ing t h eC hanne l . Ar o ad w h ich p a s sed t h rough t h es i t em ay h ave d e s t roy ed o t he r s . 1 775 - " S ix o re i gh t" o ft h eb a r row sw e r eo pened b yT ucke r . O ne d eep g r ave c on ta ined 2 0g l a s sb ead s , w h i l s ta no the rc on ta ined a na r rowhead . 1 782 - A bou t 1 4o ft h eb a r row sw e r e o pened b yD oug la s , b u tt h eo n ly o b jec tf o und w i th t h eg r ave sw a s a n i r on k n if e . S eve ra l o ft h e g r ave s c on ta ined t h e i n huma t ion s o fa du l t s , w h i l s to ne c on ta in ed t h a to fa c h i ld . T he l a t te rg r ave w a s" . . .coa ted w i th c l ay . . ." . O ne l a rg e b a r row c on ta ined ac r ema t ion , a nd m ay h ave b een o fB ronze A ge d a te . Mo s tg r ave sw e r ea l igned ' Ea nd W ' . 1 911 - A n a du l t m a le s ku l l w a s f o und a tS t . Ma rga re t 's d u r ing e xcava t ion s b y P ea r son 's a nd S on s , C on t ra c to r s . I tw a sd a ted a sA ng lo -Saxon ,p r obab ly o no s teo log ica lg r ound s . 1 920 - AB ronze A ge b a r row w a s p a r t ia l ly l e ve l led , a nd s i x e x tended i n huma t ion s w e re f o und w hen a t e nn i sc ou r tw a s b e ing m ad e i nt h e g a rden o fS i rJ ohn s ton F o rbe s -Robe r t son 's h ou se , ' Eden R oc ' . T he g r av e sw e r ea bou t6 0cm b e low t h eg round s u rf a ce , a nd l a ys i de b ys i de i nt wo p a ra l le l r ow so f 3g r ave s e a ch . A l l w e re a l igned W -E . " Nea r b y " w a s ag r ave c on ta in ing a s k e le ton i n a' s i t t ing ' p o s i t ion ( p r e sumab ly c r ouched ) . T h i sg r ave w a sb e tw een 1 . 80 -2 .10m d eep . ' Eden R oc ' i ss i tua ted b e tw een t h e D roveway a nd G ranv i l le R oad . 1 930 - A l a bou r e r r e po r t ed t h a t w hen t h e G PO r e pea t e r s t a t ion w a s b u i l t , s k e le ton s , s wo rd s a nd s p ea rhead sw e re f ound . c .1 930 - When t h e f ounda t ion s w e r e d ug f o r " Ba l lygange" ( n ow c a l led "Wave H i l l" ) , i nS a l i sbu ry R oad ( TR 3 6584468 ) , a n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave w a s d i scove r ed . T he g r ave c on ta ined a n i r on s p ea rhead a nd s ome g l a s sb ead s . T he s i t ew a s i n ve s t iga ted b y aC o l . C avengh , al o ca lh i s to r ian . E v i son t h ough t i tl i k e ly t h a th er e ta ined t h ef i nd s .

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A ppend ix I .

.

A u tumn 1 943 - Ac rouched i n huma t ion w a s f o und i n a' p i t ' , c u t a bou t 9 0cm d eep i n to t h e c ha lk . T he s k e le ton w a so f af ema le , a ged a bou t 1 8 -22 y ea r s o l d T h i s b u r ia l m ay h ave b een p r eh i s to r ic . 1 957 - ' Bay H i l l H ou se ' w a s b u i l t n ex t t o' Eden R oc ' , a nd t h e s ou th -we s tern h a lf o ft h e l a rge B ronz e A ge b a r row w h ich s t radd le s t h e b ounda ry b e tween t h e se t wo p roper t ie s w a s l e ve l led . N o a r cha eo log ica ld i scove r ie s a r er e co rded f r om t h i s o pe ra t ion . P re 1960 - D ove r mu seum a cqu i red ac o l lec t ion o fA ng lo -Saxon o b jec t st h a t h ad b een d i scove red a tS t . Ma rga r e t 's m any y ea r s p r ev iou s ly . T hey c on s i s ted o f 3s h ie ld -bo s se s , as pea rhead , ak n if e a nd f r agmen t so f ab rooch . 1 963 -4 - A n i n huma t ion w a s d i scove r ed w hen a s e t o f s t ep s w e re b e ing m ade i n t h e g a rden o f " Se lbor ne" , T he D roveway ( TR 3 6604475 ) . T he g r ave g ood s i n c luded a n i r on s pea rhead , w h ich w a s i d en t if ied a tD ove r museum a sb e ing A ng lo -Saxon . H oweve r , i th a s s i nce b een l o s t , a nd t h e s k e le ton w a sd i spo sed o fs oon a f t e rd i scove ry . J anuary 2 003 - C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica l T ru s tc a r r ied o u ta n e va lua t ion a head o fd eve lopmen t i nt h e g round s o f' Eden R oc ' , ah ou se o f ft h e D roveway , B ay H i l l . T he d i tch o ft h e l e ve l led B ronze A ge b a r row p rev iou s ly r e co rded a tt h i s l o ca t ion w a s i d en t if ied , a l ong w i th s i x c ha lk -cu t g rave s , n one o f w h ich w e re e xcava ted d u r ing t h i s e va lua t ion . May t o J une 2 004 - T he C an te rbu ry A r chaeo log ica l T ru s t , *a s s i s ted b y m embe r s o f t h e D ove r A r chaeo log ica l G roup , c a r r ied o u t a n e xcava t ion a t ' Eden R oc ' ( TR 3 6424448 ) . S ix p r eh i s to r ic i n huma t ion s , t h ree o fw h ich w e re c u t i n to t h e f i l l o ft h e b a r row d i tch , w e re l o ca ted . I na dd i t ion , e i gh t e x tended i n huma t ion s o fA ng lo -Saxon d a te w e re i d en t if ied ( g rave s 1 8 ) ; s i x w e re e xcava ted b u t t wo ( g rave s 3a nd 5 )w e re l ef tu nexcava ted a st h ey l a y o u t s ide t h e d eve lopmen t a r ea . A t l e a s t t wo o ft h e se h ad p enannu la r d i tche s i mp ly ing t h ey h ad b een b u r ied u nde r s ma l l b a r row s . A l l t h e A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e re a l igned w e s t -ea s t , a nd f ou r c on ta ined i r on k n ive s . N one h ad b een d i s tu rbed a nd i ts e em s t h a tt h e se d on o tc o r re spond t ot h e s i xg r ave s r e co rded a sb e ing f ound i n1 920 . T he v a r iou s d i scove r ie s r e co rded a tS t . Ma rga re t 's s i nce t h e 1 8t h c en tu ry s e em t or ep re sen t c l u s t e r s o f A ng lo -Saxon g rave s , many u nde rb a r row s , l a id o u t i na n e x tended d i s t r ibu t ion a l ong t h e t op a nd u ppe r s l ope s o f ad own land r i dge t h a t r un s p a ra l le l t o t h e c oa s t f r om t h e s ou th -we s t t o n o r th -ea s t o n t h e s ou ther n s i de o ft h e v i l lage . T h is w a s a l so t h e l o ca t ion f o r aB ronze A ge r ound b a r row c eme te ry , a nd m any o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s c l ea r ly c l u s te red a r ound t h e p reh i s to r ic monumen t s . F rom S t uke ley a nd D oug la s ' r e co rd s i ta ppea r s t h e s i te c on s is ted o ft wo c l u s te r s o fb a r row s , s i tua ted c l o se t o ge the r , b e tween t h e 7 5 t o8 5m c on tou r s . Af u r the rb a r row w a s s a id t oh ave b een i nt h e n ex t f i e ld a l ong , a bou t 2 5m b eyond t h e s ou th -we s te rn e nd o ft h e m a in g roup ‘ Ar oad p a s sed t h rough t h e i n te rva l , a nd i ts e em s l i ke ly t h a tt h i s h ad d e s t royed a dd i t iona l m ound s . T he r e co rded d i scove r ies e x tend a c ro s s an a r row a r ea a bou t4 00m i nl e ng th . T he g eo logy i sC ha lk . T he s c a rc i ty o fg rave g ood s , a nd t h e p r e sence o fA ng lo -Saxon b a r row s , s ugge s t s t h a t f o r t h e m o s t p a r t t h i sc eme te ry w a so fl a te r' 7 `h o re a r ly 8t hc en tu ry d a te . I . T ownsend F arm R oad . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 57448 . NAR : P end ing . H o lden 2 005 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 1 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P re -Con s t ruc t A rchaeo logy . P ha se s : I V -V I? 1lt h t o 2 6t h A ugus t 2 004 - D u r ing aw a tch ing b r ief b e ing c a r r ied o u t b y P re -Con s t ruc t A rchaeo logy a head o f ah ou s ing d eve lopmen t , as e rv ice p i pe t r ench c u t t h rough an umbe r o fA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s a t T own send F a rm R oad , o n t h e n o r th -we s t s i de o ft h e v i l lage . 1 2 g rave s w e re i d en t if ied , o fw h ich 1 w e r e e xcava ted . . Mo s t w e r e a l igned w e s t -ea s t , o ne ( t he o n ly o ne w i thou t g rave g ood s ) w a s a l igned e a s t -we s t . O ne g rave c on ta ined 2 s pea r s , as wo rd a nd as h ie ld , w h i ls t a no the r f ou r c on ta ined as pea r . A tl e a s to ne g rave w a s s u r rounded b y ar i ng d i tch . Ag r ave c on ta in ing b ead s a nd t wo b rooche s p robab ly d a te s t ot h e l e t te r h a lf o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry , w h i l s t m o s to ft h eb u r ia l sw e re p robab ly o fl a te 6t ho re a r ly 7t h c en tu ry d a te . T he s i te l i e s j u s t b e low t h e t o p o f ar i dg e r unn ing f r om s ou th -we s t t o n o r th -ea s t , o n t h e n or th -we s t f a c ing s l ope . T he g eo logy i sU ppe rC ha lk , OD i sb e tween 7 7 -87m . S a l twood . I .M ixed c eme te ry . NGR : TR 1 5753695 . NAR : TR 1 3 NE82 . A nonymou s2 003 , 3 02 -5 ; A rchaeo log ica l D a ta S e rv ice . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 19 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 19 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : CTRL a r ch ive s . P ha se s : 1 I X .

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A ppend ix 1 . 1 998 t o 1 999 - E xcava t ion s a head o ft h e c on s t ru c t ion o ft h e C hanne l T unne l R a i l L ink r e v ea led a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a r ranged i nt h r ee p l o t s . At o ta l o f2 19 b u r ia l s w e re e xcava ted , i n c lud ing o ne c r ema t ion ,w h ich w a su n -u rned a nd c u ta n i n huma t ion i nt h ew e s t e rn p l o t . B one p re se rva t ion w a sv e ry p oo r d ue t ot h e s o i l c ond i t ion s , a nd t r a ce s o fb one s o rt e e th w e r e o n ly r e cove r ed f r om am ino r i ty o f g r ave s . Al a rge q uan t i ty o fg r ave g ood sw e r er e cove r ed f r om t h es i t e ,t o ta l l ing 8 50 b ead sa nd o ve r4 00 o t h e ro b jec t s . T he se i n c luded w eapon s( i nc lud ing ar i ng s wo rd ) ,j ew e l le ry ( i nc lud ing ac ompo s i t e d i sc b r ooch ) , C op t ic b ow l s , t wo s e t s o fh o r se h a rne s s a nd aB yz an t in e b uck le . 5 10% o ft h e o b jec t s w e r e i mpo r t ed , a nd t h e e v idence p o in t s t os ome o ft h e w eapon g r ave s , w i th s pea r s p l aced w i th t h e i r p o in t s t owa rd s t h e f e e t , b e ing t h o se o f F rank i sh i mm ig ran t s . T he c en t ra l p l o t i n c luded t h r ee v e ry w e l l p r ov i s ioned w eapon b u r ia l s ,a l a c compan ied b yC op t ic b ow l sa nd b u r ied i nc hambe r s iz ed g r av e s . T he c eme te ry b egan w i th i t se a s te rn p l o t , w h ich w a s i nu s e f r om t h e l a t e 5t h t oe a r ly 66 c en tu r ie s . T h e c en t ra lp l o tw a s i nu se f r om t h em id -e t h rough t o 86,w h i l s tb u r ia l s i nt h ew e s t er np l o td a t ed f r om t h e m id -6 t h t h rough t o 7t h c en tu r ie s . A l though e a ch p l o t a ppea r s t oh ave b een f o cu s sed o n aB ronze A g e b a r row , t h e p r e sence o f at r a ckway ( o f I r on A ge o r ig in ) a l so a ppea r s t o h ave b een s i gn if i can t i n d e t e rm in ing t h el a you to ft h ep l o t s . Two B ronz eA g eb a r row st h a td i dn o th ave at r ackway r u nn ing p a s t t h em h ad n oA ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l sa s soc ia t ed w i th t h em . T he s i t e l a yo nt h ep l a teau o f as pu rt h a tr u n s s ou th -ea s twa rd t owa rd s S a l twood , OD b e ing b e tw een 9 5 1 00m . S andw ich . 2 30 . I .I s o la t ed f i nd s . NGR : TR 358 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 3 5 NW5 1 . B oy s 1 792 ,p l . o pp . 8 68 , f i g . 1 0 ; N igh t inga le 1 857 -9 ; H a igh 1 872 ,2 26 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 4 1 ; O rdnance S u rvey 1 966 ,4 6 ; A ven t 1 975 ,c o rpu sn o .2 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : I X -X? P r e -1792 - B oy s r e co rd s t h a t aK en t i sh d i sc b r ooch ( o f A v en t 's c l a s s 1 . 2 ) w a s f o und i n t h e n e ighbou rhood o fS andw ich . I ti sn ow i nt h e R oya l m u seum , C an t e rbu ry , l i s t ed a su n -p rovenanced . I t m ay h ave c ome f r om o ne o ft h e k nown s i t e s n ea r S andw ich , s u ch a s G i l ton , A sh . N igh t inga le a l so r e co rded ag o ld p endan ta nd ac oppe ra loy f i sh -head i nB oy s ' c o l lec t ion a sb e ing l a be l led " Sandw ich" . P a r to fa no the rb rooch i nt h ec o l lec t ion p r obab ly a l so c ame f r om S andw ich . c .1 830 - Two s t one g r ave -ma rk e r s , o ne w i th t h e r u n ic i n sc r ip t ion R iEH JEBVL , t h e o t he r w i th i t ' s l e t t e r ing a lmo s t e f aced , w e r e f o und b y M r . B oy s ' l a bou r e r s w h i l s t d i gg ing i n a n o pen f i e ld n ea r S andw ich . T he l o ca t ion o ft h ef i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . S arre 2 31 . I .I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 2 6 106505 . NAR : TR 2 6 NE 11 . A nonymou s 1 847 , 1 64 ,2 53 -4 ; B ubb 1 883 ,3 8 ; F a i rho l t 1 848 , 8 7 -8 ; A nonymou s 1 859 ,x l i i ; GMLA I ( 1 860 ) , 1 78 -80 ; Sm i th 1 860 , 3 6 -43 ; N um i sma t ic C h ron ic le N ew S e r ie s I( 1 86 1) , 5 8 -9 ; B r en t 1 863a , 3 05 -22 ; B r en t 1 866 , 1 57 -85 ; B r en t 1 867 , 4 16 -8 ; B r en t 1 868 , 3 07 -21 ; Sm i th 1 868 , 1 45 -54 ; P ayn e 1 89 1-3 , 3 12 ; H a igh 1 872 , 1 7 1 , 2 62 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 57 -6 1 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 4 15 , p l .xcv i i .2 ( w rong ly a s s igned t oB if ron s ) , 7 0 1-5 ; Sm i th 1 923 , 5 4 -7 ; J e s sup 1 9 30 , 2 28 30 , 2 35 -6 ; W i l son 1 957 ; C hadw ick 1 9 58a , 6 5 ; D unn ing a nd G oodman 1 959 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 29 -30 , 1 3 5 -6 ; E v i son 1 975 ; A v en t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 1 2 , 1 8 -9 , 4 2 -3 , 9 9 , 1 06 , 1 42 , 1 77 -8 ; 1 976 ; My r e s 1 9 77 , c o rpu s n o s . 3 55 , 3 80 , f i g s . 1 40 , 2 79 ; H awke s 1 984 ; B r enan 1 99 1 , 2 60 1 ; P e rk in s 1 99 1 ; 1 992 ; P e rk in s e ta l1 987 , 4 4 ; A nde r son 1 993 ; MacG rego ra nd B o l ick 1 993 ,2 4 , 8 0 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 00 . R eco rded g r ave s : 2 94 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , Ma id s tone , A shmo lean m u seum s . P ha se s : I IX . 1 841 - Aw o rkman d ug i n to ag r ave ( g rave I )w h ich c on ta ined ac ompo s i te d i sc b rooch , n ow k now n a s ' The Amhe r s t B rooch ' , a nd a C op t ic o r B yzan t ine b r onz e b ow l . S on ia H awke s h a s c onv inc ing ly a r gued t h a tt h i sw a st h ef i nd o nce t h ough tt oh ave b een m ade a tM in s te r( Meaney 's M in s t e rI ) . c .1 858 - T he D u rden c o l lec t ion i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum i n c lude s i t em s s a id t oh ave b een f o und a tS an e o rC runda le D own c .1 858 , t h e n o te s b e ing c onf u sed . T he f i nd s t h ough t p robab ly t oh ave c ome f r om S a r r ei n c lude as i lve rq uo i tb rooch ,d eco ra t ed w i th ap a i ro fd ove s . J u ly 1 860 - E xcava t ion s f o r an ew b o i le r a nd e ng ine h ou se a tS a r r e M i l l , o n t h e p rope r ty o f aM r . H o lman , r e vea led a tl e a s t 2g r ave s ( A -B ) , t h e c on t en t s o fw h ich w e re r e co rded b y C .R . S m i th . I n a dd i t ion t ot h e f i nd s f r om t h o se g r ave s , as i lve rf i ng e rr i ng d i scov e r ed a tt h i st ime w a s a cqu i r ed b yt h e BM c .1 957 ,a l ong w i th ap ho tog raph o ft h e 1 860 e x cava t ion s . T he r i ng p robab ly c ame f r om o ne o ft h e 1 860 g r ave s .

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A ppend ix 1 . S ep tember December 1 863 - E xcava t ion s f o r t h e K en t A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty w e re c a r r ied o u t b y J ohn B ren to n L o rd C onyngham 's l a nd a d jacen tt oS a r re M i l l . B ren t w a s a s s is ted b y R ev . D rake , w ho m ade as i te p l an o ft h ec eme te ry . G rave sw e re l o ca ted i n i t ia l ly b o th b yt h eu se o ft r enche s a nd b y p robe ( t rench ing w a s s ub sequen t ly a bandoned i nf a vou r o ft h e p robe m e thod ) . T he p robe w ou ld h ave m i s sed g rave sn o tc u t i n to t h e c ha lk b ed rock . 1 83 g r ave s ( 1 183 ) w e re l o ca ted a nd e xcava ted . P i t s c on ta in ing R oman p o t te ry s he rd sa nd m idden m a te r ia l w e re a l so l o ca ted . 1 864 -5 - B ren t 's e xcava t ion s c on t inued , r e vea l ing g r ave s 1 84 -272 . 1 982 - P e rk in s e xcava ted o n t h e s uppo sed s i t e o f t h e m ed ieva l C hu rch o f S t . G i les , a nd l o ca ted 2 f u r the rA ng lo -Saxon g rave s( g rave s2 73 -4 ) . 1 990 - A e r ia l p ho tog raphy r evea led c r op -ma rk s o fg r ave s , ar i ng d i tch a nd r e c t i l inea r s t ruc tu re s o n t h e s i te o ft h e c eme te ry . T he T ru s t f o r T hane t A r chaeo logy m oun ted a n e xcava t ion , i n vo lv ing as e r ie s o f t r ia lt r enche s ,w h ich l o ca ted 1 8g rave s , a tl e a s to ne o fw h ich h ad p rev ious ly b een e xcava ted b yB ren t . May 1 991 - S ou thern Wa te r e xcava ted a s ewe rag e p i pe a l ong s ide t h e n or thern e dge o f t h e A 253 , p a s s ing t h e s i te o ft h e c eme te ry a tS ane , a nd t h e T hane t U n i t moun ted aw a tch ing b r ief . N o f u r the r g r aves w e re f ound , b u t as unken h u t w a s l o ca ted i mmed ia te ly e a s t o ft h e c ha lk -p i t t o t h e e a s t o ft h e c eme te ry . A n i r on b uck le o fA ng lo -Saxon d a te w a s f ound i nt h e f i l l . I na dd i t ion , ad i tch w a s l o ca ted t ot h e s ou th o ft h e c eme te ry , t h e f i l l o fw h ich c on ta ined a9 t h c en tu ry d re s s f a s tene r . P e rk in s s ugge s ted t h a tt h i sm ay h ave b een ac eme te ry b ounda ry d i t ch . T h i s c eme te ry a ppea r s t oh ave s e en u se f r om a tl e a s t t h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 5t h c en tury , t h rough t ot h e e a r ly 8t h. L a rge n umbe r s o fg rave g ood sw e re f o und i nt h e g r ave s , a nd t h e se i n c luded h igh p ropor t ion s o fi mpo r ted o b jec t s , a sw e l l a s ah igh p ropo r t ion o fs wo rd s . T he c eme te ry i ss i tua ted o n t h e t op a nd g en t le s ou th sou th -we s t f a c ing s l ope o f al ow r i dge . T he u nde r ly ing g eo logy i sC ha lk . OD i sb e tween 1 5 18m . P e rk in s e s t ima te st h a th und reds o fg rave s r ema in u nexcava ted . T he s i te i sl a rge ly a r ab le l a nd . S hepherd swe l l -w i th -Co ldred 2 32 . I .S iber t swo ld /Bar f r i s ton . I n huma t ion c eme te ry , p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TR 2 6504885 /266488 /26654900 . NAR : TR 2 4 NE2 . D oug la s 1 793 , 7 2 , 8 5 -6 , 9 1-2 , 9 5 -7 ; Sm i th 1 848a , 6 ,p l .v i .7 -8 ; F au s se t t 1 856 , 1 01-43 ; K emb le 1 863 , p l .xxv i i .22 ; H a igh 1 872 , 1 64 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 49 -51 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 25 -8 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 36 ; A ven t 1 975 , c orpu sn o . 1 49 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 76 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 29 : R eco rded g r ave s : 2 29 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L iverpoo l mu seum . P ha se s : V ? IX? le c en tury - Ab u r ia l m ound w a s o pened b y t h e t h en l a ndowne r . I tw a s o ne o f al a rge n umbe r t h a t l a y i nt h et r iang le f o rmed b yt h em ee t ing o ft h e r o ad s f r om S hephe rd swe l l ( o r S iber t swo ld ) t oD ea l a nd f r om B a rham D own s t o Wa lde r sha re ( a t TR 2 6504885 ) . A ' s pu r ' , i n la id o r g i l t w i th g o ld , w a s r e cove red . J u ly 1 3t h t o2 4 ` 1,1 772 - H av ing o b ta ined p e rm i s s ion f r om Awn sham C hu rch i l l , t h e o wne r o ft h e l a nd , B ryan F au s se t t e xcava ted 1 58 g r ave s ( g rave s 1 158 ) a tS i be r t swo ld . H e l a be l led t h i s l a rge g roup o f b a r row sb e tween t h et wo r o ad st h e ' l owe rb u r ia l g r ound ' . J u ly 2 7 ` h,1 772 - F au s se t t e xcava ted 1 3 g rave s ( g rave s 1 59 17 1) t h a t l a y u nde r ag roup o fb a r row s t o t h e s ou th o ft h e l owe r b u r ia l g round . T he se w e re s i tua ted o n t h e c r e s t o f ah i l l , a ta pp rox ima te ly TR 2 66488 . F au s se t t t e rmed t h i s t h e ' u ppe r b u r ia l g round ' . H i s a t ten t ion w a s d rawn t o t h e se b y t h e f a rme r , w ho t o ld h im t h a t h i s w o rke r s h ad d i scove red t wo R oman c r ema t ion b u r ia ls t h e re a bou t t wo y ea r s p rev iou s ly . S eve ra l o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s e xcava ted b y F au s se t t a ppea r t o h ave d i s tu rbed R oman c r ema t ion b u r ia ls . J u ly 2 7 ` " t o A ugus t 3 " , 1 772 - W i th p e rm i s s ion f r om M r . R icha rd H a rvey , t h e t e nan t , F au s se t t e xcava ted ag roup o fb a r row st h a t l a ya bou t ' 1 60 p ace s ' f r om t h e l owe rb u r ia l g round , a t TR 2 6654900 . T he se l a y j u s t n or th o f ad i tch m a rk ing t h e p a r i sh b ounda ry b e tween S ibe r t swo ld a nd B a rf i-i s ton ( a l though 3 o r 4l a y o n t h e S ibe r t swo ld s i de o ft h e d i tch ) . F au s se t t c on s ide red t h e se g rave s t o b e a s e pa ra te c eme te ry , a nd l a be l led t h em B a rf r i s ton g r ave s 1 48 . A ugus t 1 773 - F au s se t tr e tu rned t ot h e l owe rb u r ia l g round , a nd e xcava ted t h e r ema in ing b a r row s . H e a l so u sed ap robe f o rt h e f i r s tt ime t ol o ca te f l a tg r ave s . H e e xcava ted g rave s 1 72 -181 . A lmo s t a l l t h e d a tab le g r ave g ood s a r e o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry , a l though i ts e em s p robab le t h a t m any o ft h e g r ave s a r e o fe a r ly 8t h c en tu ry d a te . S ibe r t swo ld 1 72 c on ta ined s c ea t ta s w h ich g ive a t e rm inu s p o s t q uem o f c . 650 . G rave 1 0 1 c on ta ined a p l a ted d i sc b rooch a nd a me thy s t b ead s . T he b rooch w a s p robab ly m anuf ac tu red a tt h e e nd o f t h e 6t h,o r e a r ly 7 , c en tu ry . H oweve r , t h e l a ck o f o t he r d i sc b rooche s f r om t h is s i t e , n o tab ly t h o se o f A ven t 's C la s s 3 , s ugge s t s t h a t t h e p e r iod o f u se o f t h i s

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A ppend ix 1 . c eme te ry d a te s f r om s l igh t ly l a t e ri nt h e 7t h ( p e rhap s f r om t h e2 nd o r 31T Id ecade so n ) , r a the rt h an t h e l a t e 6t ho rv e ry e a r ly 76 1c en tu r ie s . F au s se t t c l ea r ly c on s ide r ed t h e g r ave s a t S i be r t swo ld a nd B a rf r i s ton t o c on s t i tu t e t wo s e pa ra t e c eme te r ie s . Meaney a nd E v i son , h ow eve r , b o th l i s t ed t h em a s o ne . I nt e rm s o fl a nd a r ea , t h e t h r ee g r oup s o f b u r ia l s c ove r l e s s t h an t h e c eme t e ry a tB u ck land , a nd i ti sp o s s ib le t h a t f l a t g r av e s o r p l oughed o u t b a r row s l a y i nb e tw een t h em . S i nce a l t h ree g roup s a r e w i th in s i gh t o fe a ch -o the r , a nd s i nce t h ey a r e c l u s te red a r ound ac r o s s road s a nd t h e m ee t ing p o in t o ft h r ee p a r i sh b ounda r ie s ( t he o l d b ounda ry b e tween E y tho rne a nd B a rf r i s ton l y ing j u s tt ot h ee a s t ) ,t h en i ts e em sb e s tt oc on s ide rt h em a s o ne s i te . T he c eme t e ry l a y a c ro s s t h e c r e s t o f an o r th -f ac ing D own land s pu r , b e tween 9 5 105m OD . I ti s b i sec t ed b y ac r o s s road s . T he s i t ei sc u r r en t ly l a rg e ly i nw ood land . S horne . 2 33 . I . Hoo J unc t ion ( Aka H igham ,L ower S horne ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 7 0317366 . NAR : TQ 7 7 SW2 . S m i th 1 908a , 3 85 ; P ayne 1 909 , x c i -xc i i ; L eed s 1 9 12 , 1 98 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I , x xx i i , 3 24 , I V , 6 29 ; J e s sup 1 942 , 1 5 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 2 3 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s ton e , R oche s t e rm u seum s . P ha se s : I I I? 1 905 - E xcava t ion sf o rg r ave ln ea rt h eB r i t i sh U ra l i t eC ompany 's w o rk sd i s tu rbed A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . S ome s pea rhead sa nd c oppe ra loy b ow lw e r ef o und . c .1 906 -7 - F u r the r d i scov e r ie s w e r e m ad e , b u t n o a c cu ra t e r e co rd s w e r e k ep t . T he f i nd s r e cove r ed c on s i s t ed o f 2s ma l l long b rooche s , ad i sc b r ooch , ap enannu la r b r ooch , ac i r cu la r b rooch , as a uce r b r ooch , 2c oppe r a loy b uck le s a nd 2c oppe r a loy p i n s . A l so 2 k n iv e s , ac oppe r a l loy r i ng , ac oppe r a loy l o op , 6s p ea rhead s , as h ie ld -bo s s , as wo rd w i th o rnamen t ed p omme l , ab ucke t , a nd 2 R oman c o in s . T he d a tab le f i nd sa r eo ft h el a t e 5t ht oe a r ly 6t hc en tu r ie s . T he s i te l a yo nt h el owe rp a r to f ag en t le n o r th -f a c ing s l ope ,b e tween 5 10m OD . T he s i te i so ng r ave l . 2 34 . I . C lay lane Wood ( Aka C obham ) . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c em e te ry . NGR : TQ 6 64704 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : TQ 6 7 S E07 . GMLA I ( 1 846 ) ,5 9 1 ; P ayne 1 893 , 1 5 1 ; Ma id s tone m u seum r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ?R eco rded g r ave s : ?L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 825 - " Th ree w agon l o ad s" o fh uman b one s , l e a the r , " . . .many m e ta l c e l t s . . ." , s p ea rhead s a nd a rmou r w e r ef ound i na ne n t r enchmen ti nC lay lane Wood . P ayne t h ough tt h ey w e re A ng lo -Saxon . T he e xa c ts i t e l o ca t ion i sn o tk nown . C lay lane Wood l i e so n an o r th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope , b e tw een 7 5 -55m OD . I tb o rde r s Wa t l ing S t r ee tR oman r o ad . S i t t ingbourne . 2 35 . I .C ha lkwe l l( Aka B orden ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 8 9466377 . NAR : TQ 8 6 S E20 . P ayne 1 882a ; 1 882b , 3 5 , e n t r ie s 3 90 -393 ; 1 886 ; 1 893 , 1 1 , p l .xx i i i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 84 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 63 , p l .xv i i i .h ; H awk e s a nd G rove 1 963 , 3 6 -7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 13 -4 ; R igo ld a nd Web s te r 1 970 , 1 8 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rd ed g r ave s : 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : V ? -V I I? March 1 882 - Two A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s w e r e d i scove r ed i n ab r ick -ea r th f i e ld w e s t o fS i t t ingbou rne a nd s ou th o f Wa t l ing S t ree t . T h eg r ave sw e r e a pp rox ima t e ly 9 5m s ou th -we s to ft h e s ou th w a l l o fw ha t m ay h ave b een aR oman w a l led c eme te ry ,f i r s td i scove red i nD ecembe r 1 879 . G rave 1c on ta ined t wo p ouch b o t t le s ( Ha rden 's t y pe V I Ic ; b ody w i th c o r ruga t ion s a nd p o in ted b a se ) . H a rden d a ted p ouch b o t t le st ot h ev e ry l a t e 6t ho r 7t hc en tu r ie s . T he s i te i sm id -way d own ag en t le n o r th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,a t2 5m OD . 2 36 . I . F u l s tone Manor . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 9 06627 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? P ayne 1 882b ,3 5 ,e n t ry 3 94 ; H awk e sa nd G rove 1 963 , 3 6 -7 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1882 - P ayne r e co rd s a nA ng lo -Saxon s p ea rhead , l e ng th 2 0cm , f r om F u l s ton F a rm , S i t t ingbou rne . T h ee xa c tf i nd s po ti sn o tr e co rd ed .

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A ppend ix 1 . 2 37 . I I . Mur s ton ( Aka Mere 's Cour t ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TQ 9 24646 . NAR : TQ 9 6 SW 10 . C ook 1 928a , 1 06 -7 ; J e s sup 1 930 , 2 59 ; H awke s a nd G rove 1 963 , 3 6 -7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 30 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 . R eco rded g rave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? c .1 928 - An A ng lo -Saxon g rave w a s f ound a t Me re 's C our t , Mu r s ton . T he g rave w a s a bou t 1 . 20m d eep , a nd c on ta ined as ke le ton a nd as wo rd . J e s sup r ef er s t o S axon g rav e s a t Mu r s ton , c i t ing i n f orma t ion f r om Mr . S . J . W i l l iams . r e f e rence t ot h e Mere 's C ou r tf i nd s . T he s i te i so n l ow g round , n o t f a r f r om M i l ton C reek . f a c ing s l ope , OD a bou t 5m . T he s ub so i l i sB r ickea r th .

T h is m ay b e a

I ti ss i tua ted a tt h e b a se o f ag en t le n or th -ea s t

2 38 . I V . I s o la ted f i nds . NGR : TQ 9 163 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : None . My res 1 977 , c orpus n os . 4 57 -8 , f i g s . 1 6 , 7 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t ish Museum . P ha se s : ? P re -1977 - My res l i s t st wo p o t s i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum a sc om ing f r om S i t t ingbou rne . One i sd e sc r ibed a s a" . . .sma l l s hou lde red v esse l w i th h o l low n eck , o f f se t f r om t h e b ody , a nd f l a r ing r im : h eavy g r ey /b rown w a re . . ." . T he o t he r i s a" . . .sma l l s ha rp -shou lde red v e sse l w i th h o l low n eck a nd f l a r ing r im : d a rk b rown w a re , b u rn i shed . . ." . S nod land . 2 39 . I . P arr ing ton 's L ane . Doub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme tery . NGR : TQ 7 01628 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : TQ 7 6 SW29 . P ayne 1 893 , 1 37 ; C ook 1 928b ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 37 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : ?R eco rded g rave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha ses : ? P re -1893 - P ayne w a s i n f o rmed b y aMr . R aven t h a t A ng lo -Saxon s wo rd s , s pea rhead s a nd k n ive s h ad b een f ound w hen t he n ew r o ad f r om H o lbo rough t owa rd s t h e H o lbo rough R oman b a r row w a s m ade . T he f i nds w e re i n Mr . R aven 's p osses s ion . I tm ay b e t h a t t h ese f i nd s w e re f r om p a r t o f t h e H o lbo rough c eme tery . k nown .

T he e xac t f i nd s po t i sn o t

2 40 . I . Ho lborough . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 6 9676262 . NAR : TQ 6 6 S E 14 . J e s sup 1 952 , x l i i i ; Wa rhu r s t 1 952 ; E v i son 1 955 , 4 2 ; 1 956 ; 1 975 , 7 5 ; 1 987 , 1 67 -8 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 23-4 ; My re s 1 977 , c orpu sn o . 3 089 , f . 73 ; Ma id s tone mu seum g aze t teer . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 4 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 9 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum , B r i t ish Mu seum , C amb r idge U n ive r s i ty . P ha ses : V I I IX . 1 943 - Ma ids tone museum a cqu ired as ma l l p o t te ry v e s se l a nd ah one , f ound 1 80m w es t o ft h e K nob , o n H o lborough H i l l . 1 944 -

A s pea rhead w a s f o und o n t h e h i l l .

I n a dd i t ion , a cco rd ing t o a n e mp loyee o f t h e c emen t

c ompany , s ke le tons w e re f o und w i th 2s pea rhead s a nd an eck lace . T he s pea rheads w e re s o ld t o as c rap m e rchan t , w h i ls tt h e n eck lace i sp o ss ib ly o ne n ow i nt h e B r i t ish Mu seum . March 1 950 -

C ha lk e xcava t ions b y t h e A s soc ia ted P or t land C emen t C ompany r evea led h uman

s k e le tons . J u ly 1 952 -

C ha lk e xcava t ions r evea led f u r the r s ke le tons , a nd A lan Wa rhu r s t , a s s is tan t c u ra to r o f

Ma id s tone mu seum , c on tac ted t h e I n spec to ra te o fA nc ien t Monumen t s . 1 952 -3 - Ar e scue e xcava t ion , h eaded b y V e ra E v ison , w a s l a unched b y t h e I n spec to ra te a head o ft o ta l d e s t ruc t ion b y t h e c ha lk q ua r ry ing . T he e xcava t ion r evea led at o ta l o f3 9 g raves . A lso d i scove red w a s t h e r i ng d i tch o f ap reh is to r ic b a r row , w h ich a ppea red t o ma rk t h e s ou th w es ter n l im i t o ft h e c eme tery . T owa rds t h e n or th -ea s t l a y t h e R oman b a r row k nown a s H o lbo rough K nob , a nd i ta ppea r s t h a t t h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme tery l a y b e tween t h e se t wo mound s .

W i th o ne e xcep t ion t h e g raves w e re a l igned

r ough ly W-E . V e ra E v ison d a ted t h e c eme tery t ot h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e rh,a nd f i r s th a lf o ft h e 8t h, c en tu r ies . T he c eme tery l a y o n t h e l owe r p a r t o f a n e a s t -f ac ing s l ope o f t h e Nor th -Downs , o ve r look ing t h e Medway . OD w a s2 5 -30m . T he s i te h a s n ow b een r emoved b yq ua r ry ing . 2 41 . I I . L ad 's F arm . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TQ 6 8726322 o r6 8806320 . NAR : TQ 6 6 S E24 . E v i son 1 956 , 12 ; Ma id s tone mu seum r e co rd s .

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A ppend ix 1 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ?R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P r e -1956 - A nA ng lo -Saxon g r av e ,o rg r ave s ,w e r ef o und a tL ad 's F a rm , H o lbo rough . T he s ou rce s g i ve c on f l ic t ing g r id r e f e r ence s f o rt h i s s i te . E i the r l o ca t ion p l ace s t h e s i te a tt h e t o p o f P a r r ing ton 's L ane ,a bove t h e5 0m c on tou r . 2 42 . I V . G a swork s( Aka R oman V i l la ,C hur chf ie ld ) . F i nd s po t . NGR : TQ 7 07620 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : TQ76 SW58 . H awke sa nd D unn ing 1 96 1 ,6 2 ,p l . I IB ; H awke sA r ch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : I A? -V I I I? P re -1928 - T he b roken h a lf o f ao ne -p iece b uck le p l a te , n ow i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum , w a s f o und o nt h e s i t eo ft h eG a swo rk s ,n ea r aR oman s t ruc tu r e . I ti so fH awk e sa nd D unn ing 's t y pe I IB . P re -1973 - T he B r i t i sh Mu seum h a s as t r ing o f' u ndoub ted ly A ng lo -Saxon ' b ead s f r om t h e s i t e o ft h e S nod land R oman v i l la . T hey c on s i s to fs ma l lo paque y e l low c y l inde r s , a nd s ma l l p o lych rom eb l u ea nd g r een g l a s sb ead s . H awk e sc on s ide red t h em t ob eo f 76 )c en tu ry d a t e . T he s i te i st h a to f aR oman v i l la , d a t ing f r om t h el a t e 1 s tc en tu ry , u n t i la tl e a s tt h e l a te 46 ( t he l a t e s tc o in f r om t h e s i te i so ne o fG ra t ianu s , AD 3 75 -383 ) . T he s i te i so n t h e w e s te rn b ank o ft h e Medway ,j u s t a bove t h e5 mc on tou r . S ou thf lee t . 2 43 . I .S pr inghead . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NOR : TQ 6 19724 . NAR : TQ 6 7 SW30 . D unk in 1 848 , p l .x l ; O rdnance S urvey r e co rd s ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 3 7 ; F rench 1 984 ; T y le r 1 992 , 7 7 ; A nonymou s2 004b . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 7 0+ . R eco rded g r av e s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I ? IX? c .1 848 - Among s t ag roup o fR oman o b jec t s f r om S p r inghead , S ou th f lee t , i l u s t ra ted b y D unk in , i sa n A ng lo -Saxon d i sc b rooch . T h i s p o s s ib ly c ame f r om a n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l . When t h e G r ave send S wan ley r a i lway w a s c on s t ruc t ed , p o s s ib ly a ta r ound t h e s ame t i m e , a n A ng lo -Saxon p o t w a s a mong s t t h e f i nd s , a nd w a s s a id t o b e s im i la r t o t h o se f r om N o r thf lee t , p e rhap s i n d ica t ing t h e e x i s t ence o f c r ema t ion b u r ia l sh e r e . 1 984 - Ac oppe ra loy K en t i sh s qua r e -headed b r ooch w a sd i scove r ed d u r ing e a r th -mov ing o pe ra t ion sa t S p r ingh ead . I tw a sn o tc l ea ri fi tw a sd e r ived f r om ab u r ia l . T he d i sc b rooch a ppea r s t o h ave b een o f c oppe r a loy , d eco ra t ed w i th i n c i sed c i rc le s a nd c i r cu la r p unch -ma rk s . I tw a sp robab ly o f 5t h o rv e ry e a r ly 6 `h c en tu ry d a te . T he s qua r e -headed b r ooch d a t e st o t h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e Oh c en tu ry . 1 997 - F i e ldwo rk w a s c a r r ied o u t a head o f t h e C hanne l T unn e l R a i l L ink ( CTRL ) b y We s sex A r chaeo logy . T h i se s tab l i shed t h ee x i s tence o f al a t e7 ` "c en tu ry c eme t e ry a tt h es i te . N ovember t o D ecember 2 003 - We s sex A r cha eo logy u nde r took a n e va lua t ion p r io r t o a1 7 h ec ta r e d ev e lopmen t a tS ou th f lee t . N ine p robab le i n huma t ion s , f o u r p o s s ib le a dd i t iona l i n te rmen t s a nd t wo c r ema t ion s w e r e i d en t if i ed b u t n o t e x cava ted . Ag i lded f i t t ing o f 7t h c en tu ry d a te w a s r e cov e r ed a sa c hance f i nd . I tw a se s t ima ted t h a t af u r the r6 0 -70 g r ave sa r ep r e sen ta tt h es i te . I ts e em s p robab le t h a t t h e 1 96'c en tu ry d i scove r ie s w e r e m ade a l ong t h e l i ne o ft h e r a i lw ay c u t t ing t h rough S p r inghead . 2 44 . I L B e t sham ( Aka J oyce H a l l ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TQ 6 0727 149 . NAR : TQ 6 7 SW2 . C ook 1 928a , 1 06 ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 09 ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? 1 928 - A n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l ( g rave 1 )w a s f o und u nde r t h e l awn a tJ oyce H a l l . As k e le ton w a s a c compan ied b y as pea rhead a nd g r een g l a s sb ow l . T he s i te l i e so n ag en t le s ou th -we s tf a c ing s l ope ,b e tw een 3 5 -40m OD . S tone ( near D ar t f ord ) . 2 45 . I .H orn sC ro s s . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 5 78745 ( a pp rox ima t e ) . NAR : N one . D a r tf o rd m u seum r e co rd s ; T y le r 1 992 ,7 7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s :D a r tf o rd m u seum . P ha se s : I ? I I? P re -1992 - A g l obu la r p o t a nd a c oppe r a loy b r a ce le t w e r e f o und w i th h uman b one s w h en t h e f o unda t ion so f ag a rag ew e r eb e ing d ug a tC hu r ch P a th , H or n s C ro s s . T he p o ti ss a id t ob e o f5 ` "o r 66 c en tu ry d a t e .

7 4

A ppend ix 1 . S tone ( near F aver sham ) . 2 46 . I .C hu r chya rd . NOR : TQ 9 9 166132 /9936 14 . NAR : TQ 9 6S E2 . F l e t ch e r a nd Mea te s 1 969 , 2 90 -2 ; 1 977 , 6 9 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o . 2 533 , f .3 ; R igo ld a nd Me t ca lf 1 984 ,2 63 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : ?L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P r iva te c o l lec t ion . P ha se s : V I I I -X . 1 968 -76 - E xcava t ion s w e r ec a r r ied o u t o n aR oman b u i ld ing t h a t h ad b een u sed a s aC h r i s t ian c hape l d u r ing t h e A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod , w i th t h e a dd i t ion o f an ave . F i nd s i n c luded 6 4 s h e rd s o fA ng lo -Saxon p o t t e ry ( t he m a jo r i ty o fw h ich w e re o fe a r ly S axon d a te ) , t wo s c ea t ta s ( bo th o fc .7 30 ) , a n A lf r ed h a lf p enny ( 871-900 ) , a nd a n a mbe r p endan t d a ted t oc . 900 -50 . N one o ft h e se w e r e g r ave f i nd s , b u t t h ey d i d s ugge s t u se o ft h e s i t e t h roughou t m o s t o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod . An umbe r o fu na ccompan ied b u r ia l sw e re f o und . S om e o ft h e se w e r e c e r ta in ly m ed ieva l , w h i l s t s ome m ay h ave b een p r e -conque s t . O ne s k e le ton , f o und b e low t h e s ou th f o unda t ion o ft h e s t one n ave ( wh ich m ay h ave o ve r la in a n e a r l ie r t i mbe rn ave ) ,w a sc a rbon 1 4d a t ed t o AD 1 032±50 . T he r eh ad b een s ome d i s tu rbance o fe a r l ie rb u r ia l s b yl a t e ro ne sa tt h es i te . T he c hape l l i e so na ne a s t -f a c ing v a l ley s l ope ,b e tween t h e 1 5a nd 2 0m c on tou r s . S tow t in2 . 2 47 . I .I nhuma t ion c eme t e ry . NOR : TR 1 2344228 . NAR : TR 1 4 SW3 . S m i th 1 843 -9 ; Sm i th 1 844b ; 1 846 , 3 98 -402 ; Wr en ch 1 845 ; A nonymou s 1 863 ,x l i ; B ren t 1 867 ,4 09 2 0 ; GMLA I ( 1 866 ) ; B r en t 1 883 , 8 4 -6 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 65 -7 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 12 -5 ; D 'E lboux 1 9 51 , x l i ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 37 -8 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o s . 1 3 , 3 5 , 8 3 , 1 07 ; H awke s 1 987 , 1 3 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 08 10 . M in imum n o . o fg r av e s : 6 6 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 6 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , Ma id s tone , F o lk e s tone m u seum s . P ha se s : I -V . P r e 1844 - Wr ench r e co rded t h a t" many y ea r s" b ef o re , 2s k e le ton s , a ccompan ied b y i r on w eapon s , h ad b een d i scove r ed i nt h es am ef i e ld a st h e l a t e rf i nd s . 1 844 - When an ew r o ad w a s b e ing c on s t r uc t ed f r om S t ow t ing t o S t ow t ing C ommon , m o r e t h an 3 0 A ng lo -Saxon s k e le ton sw e r e d i scov e r ed i nt h e P a r i sh F i e ld o n S t ow t ing H i l l , w he r et h e r o ad w a sb e ing c u t i n to t h e h i l l t ol owe rt h e g r ad ien t . T he s i t e w a s e xam ined b y Wr ench , w ho p ub l i shed ap amph le t i l u s t r a t ing a nd d e sc r ib ing s ome o ft h e f i nd s , t h ough t h e se w e r e n o tr e co rded i ng r ave g roup s ( w i th t h e e xcep t ion o fg r av eA ) . F i nd s i n c luded 2s wo rd s , s e v e ra l s p ea rhead s , 2s h ie ld -bo s se s , 3k ey s tone -ga rne t d i sc b r ooche s , b uck le s , s hoe shaped s t ud s , aF rank i sh w hee l th rown b o t t le a nd ac oppe r a loy b ow l . T he g r ave sw e r eb e tween " 2t o 4f e e t "b e low g r ound . 1 866 - J .B r en t c a r r ied o u t a n e xcava t ion o ft h e s i t e , u s ing ap robe t ol o ca te g r ave s . 2 5 g r av e s w e r e e x cava ted ; g r ave 5c on ta in ed 3b od ie s , a nd g r ave 2 1 w a s s a id t oc on ta in 6 . G rave 1 w a s a c tua l ly 2 g r av e s , o ne a bove t h e o t he r . 8o ft h e g r ave sw e r e a l igned r o ugh ly N -S ( i nc lud ing g r ave 2 1 , w h ich w a s a l so t h el ow e s td own t h eh i l l ) , 4w e r ea l igned r o ugh ly NW -SE ,a nd 1 2w e re o fW -E o r ien ta t ion . O n ly 2 o ft h e se g rave s c on ta ined w eapon s ( s pea r s o n ly ) . O the r f i nd s i n c luded an umbe r o fb rooche s , s ome g o ld b r a id , a nd am in ia tu r eb ucke t . 1 868 - C .B r en te xcava t ed as k e le ton w i th as p ea rhead . 1 881 - C . B r en t d ug an umbe r o ft r enche s w he r e h i l l -wa sh h ad b u i l t u p ac on s ide rab le d ep th o fs o i l , f u r th e rd own t h es l ope f r om t h ee a r l ie re xcava t ion s . 7n ew g r ave sw e r e d i scove r ed . I na dd i t ion , B r en t r e -opened o ne o ft h eg r ave sf r om ap r ev iou se xcava t ion . 1 954 - F o lk e s ton e m u seum a cqu i r ed a S axon s p ea rhead f r om a M r . B u rke . I th ad b een f o und o n S t ow t ing H i l l , o ppo s i te H i l lH ou se . 1 964 - AM r . G ue s tp r e sen t ed as p ea rhead h e h ad f o und a tS t ow t ing t oF o lke s tone m u seum , b u t i tw a s l a t e rl e n tb a ck t ot h ef i nde r ,a nd i t sp r e sen tw he r eabou t sa r en o tk nown . I tw a sd e sc r ibed a sb r onz e ,b u t i ta ppea r st ob ei r on i n ap ho tog raph o fi t . Mar ch 1 977 - Af r agmen t a ry h ead -p la t e o f ac r uc if o rm b r ooch w a s f ound b y am e ta l d e t ec to ra t NGR T R 1 2 364228 ," . . in t h ef i e ld b e low t h eA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry ." P re 1996 - T he b one s f r om a n e a r l ie r e xcava t ion ( p robab ly J .B ren t 's ) w he r e d i scove r ed u nde r a h edg e row w h ich b o rde r ed t h es i t e . U nf o r tuna t e ly ,t h e se b one sw e re l a t e rt h rown a way . T h e e a r l ie s t A ng lo -Saxon f i nd f r om t h e c eme t e ry i sp r obab ly t h e c r uc if o rm b rooch f ound i n 1 977 . H ow eve r , s i nce t h i s w a s n o t f r om a g r ave g r oup , i tt h row s l i t t le l i gh t o n t h e p e r iod o f u s e o ft h e c eme t e ry . O ft h e r e co rded b u r ia l s , g r ave 9 ,w i th b u t ton , s qua r e -headed a nd F rank i sh d i sc b r ooche s , s hou ld d a te t ot h ef i r s th a lf o ft h e 6t h c en tu ry . G rav e2 1 , i fi tw a s as i ng le g r ave ,w ou ld a l so h ave d a ted

7 5

A ppend ix 1 . t ot h e Oh,a s w ou ld a n umbe r o fo t he r g r ave s . T he v a r iou s b u ck le s a nd b e l t -f i t t ing s f r om t h e s i t e ( i nc lud ing s hoe shaped r i ve t s a nd b uck le s w i th t r i angu la r p l a te s ) s ugg e s t t h a t t h e c eme t e ry w a s i nu s e t h rough t h e 6t ha nd i n to t h e f i r s td ecade so ft h e7 `1 c en tu ry . T he o c cu r r ence o fd i sc b rooche so fA ven t 's C la s se s 3a nd 4a l so s ugg e s t s ap e r iod o fu s ee x t end ing i n to t h e 7t hc en tu ry . T he s i t e o ft h e c eme te ry l i e s u pon t h e l owe r s l ope s o f S t ow t ing H i l l , b e tween 1 00 105m OD . I t o ve r look st h e v i l lage o fS t ow t ing t ot h e s ou th , a nd t h e p a r i sh c hu r ch i sa bou t 3 70m a way . T h e s i t e i s n ow ( 1 996 ) p a s tu re , b u t B r en t i n 1 866 r e co rded t h a t i th ad " . . long b een u nde r t h e p l ough . . ." , a nd r e co rd ed p l ough d amage i ns e ve ra lo ft h eg r ave s . 2 48 . I . S tow t ing C ommon . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 1 243 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 1 4 SW44 . B r en t 1 867 ,4 16 ; R icha rd son 1 995 ,2 11 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rd ed g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1866 - J .B ren t , i nd i scu s s ing t h ec em e te ry a tS t ow t ing , n o ted t h a t" . .on S t ow t ing C ommon s im i la r i n t e rmen t sh ave b een f ound . . ." . S t ow t ing C ommon i so nt o p o ft h eD own s a bou t 1 . 5km t ot h en o r th o f S t ow t ing . S t rood . 2 49 . I .T emp le F arm ( Aka T emp le E s ta te ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 7 33689/ 73546903 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW30/ 1-Q 7 6 NW268 . W ickham 1 846 -7 ; Sm i th 1 852 , 1 58 -9 ; Sm i th 1 86 1 , 1 36 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 76 -7 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I , 15 7 ,I V ,7 4 1 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 38 ; S wan ton 1 973 , 1 09 , 1 98 ,2 0 1 ; 1 974 , 8 6 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L ive rpoo l m u seum . P ha se s : II V? 1 846 - Two i n huma t ion s ( g rave s 1a nd 2 )w e r e f o und a tT emp le F a rm , S t rood , b y b r ick -ea r th d i gge r s . T he s ku l l f r om g r ave 1w a s e xam ined b y ad oc to r , w ho t h ough t i tt h a t o f am an o fa bou t 6 0 y ea r s o f a g e . T h i sg r ave c on ta ined as p ea rhead a nd t wo k n ive s . G rave 2c on ta ined af l exed i n huma t ion ,w i th n o g r ave g ood s . C .R . Sm i th o b se rved t h a t af ew y ea r s p r ev iou s ly aR oman c eme te ry h ad b een f o und o n a d jo in ing g round ," . . .nea rt h et own o fS t rood , a nd o ppo s i t eR oche s t e rC a s t le . . ." . S pr ing 1 852 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave ( g rave 3 ) w a s d i scove r ed d u r ing e xcava t ion s f o r b r ick -ea r th . T he g r ave w a s o n l a nd n ex tt o aR oman c eme t e ry t h a t l a y o ppo s i t e S t rood C hu rch , a l ong s ide Wa t l ing S t r ee t . 1 888 -9 - A n e x ten s ive R oman a nd A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry w a s s a id t oh ave b een f ound . T h e m any f i nd si n c luded v e s se l s ,p e r sona lo r namen t s , c o in sa nd w eapon s . T h i sm ay b e ad up l ica t ion o ft h ee a r l ie r d i scov e r ie s . T he f i nd s f r om g r ave 3i n c luded as h ie ld -on tongue b uck le a nd s hoe shaped r i ve t , s ugg e s t iv e o f ad a te o fb u r ia l i nt h em idd le d ecad e so ft h e6 `1 c en tu ry . T hey a l so i n c lud ed t h ec oppe ra loy r im o f ad r ink ing h o rn ,d eco ra t ed w i th r e pou s si C h r i s t ian s c ene s . T h i sw a so fG a l lo -Roman m anuf a c tu re . T h e s i t e i sa tt h e b a se o f ag en t le s ou th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope , o n t h e w e s t e rn b ank o ft h e Medway . OD i s b e tween 5 10m . 2 50 . I . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 7 368 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW60 . T ime s( 2 9 / 10 / 1918 ) ,9 ; ( 3 1/ 10 / 19 18 ) , 1 0 ; J our na lo ft h e B r i t i sh A r cha eo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 2 4( 1 9 18 ) , 2 81-2 ; O Sr e co rd s ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 38 -9 . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? O c tober 2 6t h ,1 918 - S o ld ie r s l a y ing ad r a in " . . .abou t h a lf am i le w e s t o ft h e Medway . . .no t f a r f r om t h es po tw he re t h eP i lg r im sc r o s sed t h er i ve r . . ." , d i scove r ed ag r av e . I tw a sc u t i n to t h ec ha lk , a nd w a s a c compan ied b y as h ie ld , as p ea r ,a nd t wo i r on p i ece s . D r . C .H e r cu le s R ead d a t ed t h eb u r ia lt ot h e 51 o r 6t h c en tu ry . P re -1964 - Meaney r e f e r s t o ap en c i l n o t e o n t h e 6 " r e co rd s h ee t K 19 NW , w h ich r e co rd s ag r av e b y t h ew a t e r se dge ,b e tween S t rood a nd C ux ton . H oweve r ,t h i sm ay b e ar e f e r ence t oC ux ton I . T he e xac ts i t eo ft h i sf i nd o rf i nd si sn o tk nown . 2 51 . I I . C oach a nd Hor se s( Aka S trood H i l l ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 7 29569 18 /730 16934 . NAR : TQ 7 6 NW20 . P ayne 1 898 , 7 8 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 76 -7 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I I , 15 , 1 38 ; A nonymou s 1 920 , 1 58 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 38 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rd ed g r ave s : 2 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : R oche s t e rm u seum . P ha se s : ?

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A ppend ix 1 . P re 1898 - D u r ing t h e c on s t ruc t ion o f h ou se s , a n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave ( g rave 1 )w a s f o und o n t h e s umm i to fS t rood H i l l , af ew m e t r e s f r om i t sn o r ther ne dge , a tt h ej unc t ion o fJ e r sey a nd C a s t le V iew R oad s . 1 9 18 - When ad r a in w a s d ug o n t h e p rope r ty o fM r . B eckf o rd B a l l , a t Wood s tock R oad , S t rood , a n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave ( g rave 2 ) w a s d i scove r ed a t ad ep th o f a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 20m b e low t h e g r ound s u r f a ce . T he s i t ei so nt h es ou ther ne nd o f as pu r ,b e tween 3 0 -35m OD . S u t ton . 2 52 . I .S u t ton D own s . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 34485 . NAR : ? P a rf i t t 1 992 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : E ng l i sh H e r i tage , D ov e r C a s t le . P ha se s : ? c .1 876 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave w a s d i scove r ed , n ex tt o ac a r t t r ack l e ad ing t oW ink land F a rm ( n ow k nown a s W ing le ton F a rm ) . L oca l a n t iqua ry C ap ta in C .F . N ew ing ton w a s t o ld o ft h i s d i scov e ry i n 1 9 11 , a nd w a s s hown s om e A ng lo -Saxon b ead s f r om t h e g r ave . H e w a s i n f o rmed t h a t s ome i r on o b jec t sh ad a l so b een f ound . T h e s i t e l i e s o n an o r th -f ac ing s l ope o fS u t ton D own s , ac ha lk r i dge , a t OD 7 0m . S u t ton p a r i sh c hu r ch l i e s8 00m t ot h en o r th . 2 53 . I . E a s tS tudda l . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 3 26500 . NAR : ? H awk e sA r ch ive . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s :7 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? 1 977 - A n A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry w a s v i s ib le a s as o i l m a rk i n ap l oughed f i e ld . F ou r p enannu la r d i t ch e s w e re v i s ib le ( one e nc lo s ing t wo g r av e s ) , o ve r a n a r ea a bou t 9 m a c ro s s , t o t h e s ou th o ft h e a d jacen tr oad . T he ' c au seway s ' o ft h ee nc lo su r e sp o in t ed d own t h eh i l l . O the rg r ave s ,w i thou td i t che s , w e r e v i s ib le f u r the r d own t h e h i l l . T he i n f o rma t ion o n t h e s i te w a s s upp l ied b y A nd r ew A pp leby o n May 3 rd,1 977 . T he c eme te ry l i e s m id -way d own an o r th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope o f aD own land s pu r . OD i sb e tween 5 6 0m ,a nd t h eb ed rock i sC ha lk . S wan lev . 2 54 . I .I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TQ 5 313689 1 . NAR : TQ 5 6 NW4 1 . O Sr e co rd s . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 887 - A nA ng lo -Saxon b r ooch a nd p o tw e r ef o und . T he NGR g i ven p l ace st h es i t em id -way d own t h es t eep n or th -we s tf a c ing s l ope o f aD own land s pu r , a t a bou t7 0m OD . T emp le Ewe l l . 2 55 . I .L ou syberry Wood . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 2 9064428 /29 144435 /29 164436 . NAR : TR 2 4 S E 14 . H a s t ed 1 797 180 1 , I X , 4 38 ; F l inde r s -Pe t r ie 1 880 , 9 , 1 6 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 39 ; E v i son 1 987 , 1 76 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 9 ,4 0 ; P a rf i t t( p e r s . c omm .) . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 4 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : D ove r A r cha eo log ica l G roup . P ha se s : I V -V I I I . P re 1800 - H a s t ed r e co rded t h a ts ome b a r row s" . . . in t h ep a r i sh o fR ive r . . .upon t h eh i l l , o nt h e l e f ts i de o ft h eL ondon r oad ,n ea rt h eL ime K i ln . . ." w e r eo pened . E ach w a s s a id t oh ave c on ta ined as k e le ton , a s wo rd a nd as p ea rhead . T h e re a r et h r ee b a r row s i nL ou sybe r ry Wood , T emp le Ewe l l , a nd i th a su sua l ly b een a s sumed t h a tt h e se w e r et h eo ne sr e f e r r ed t ob y H a s ted . H oweve r , i ti sa lmo s tc e r ta in t h a tH a s t ed w a sr e f e r r ing t ob u r ia l sa tO ld P a rk ,n ow i n Wh i tf i e ld p a r i sh ( s ee Wh i tf ie ld I ) . T he l o ca t ion o ft h el a t te r s i t e f i t s H a s t ed 's d e sc r ip t ion p e rf ec t ly , w h i l s tt h e b a r row s i nL ou sybe r ry Wood a ppea red t oh av e b een o fB ronz eA ge d a te ;t h i sh a ss i nce b een c onf i rmed b ye xcava t ion ( s ee b e low ) . S pr ing 2 004 - E xcava t ion b yt h e D ove rA rcha eo log ica l G roup t o ok p l a ce i nL ou sybe r ry w ood a f t e r a s k u l l w a s f ound d u r ing t h e e r ec t ion o f af e nce . I tw a s e s tab l i shed t h a tt h e t h r ee v i s ib le b a r row s w e r e p r obab ly o fB ronze A g ed a t e ,b u t 4A ng lo -Saxon i n huma t ion s w e re l o ca ted c l u s te r ed a r ound b a r row 1 ,

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A ppend ix I . w h ich l i e s a bou t 1 00m d own s lope f r om t h e o t he rt wo b a r row s . T he A ng lo -Saxon g rav e s a r e l i k e ly t o b ep a r to f al a rge rc eme te ry . G rave 1w a s ad oub le i n huma t ion . G rave 3c on ta ined ac omp le t ep o t t e ry v e s se lo ft h el a te 6t h o r 7t hc en tu ry . G rave 4w a sn o te xcava t ed . T he s i t e i ss i tua t ed o n as ou th -we s t f a c ing v a l ley s l ope b e tw een 9 0 115m OD a nd o ve r look s t h e R iv e r D ou r . 2 56 . I . Wa ter send . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 2 82447 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : N one . D ove rT e leg raph 1 /02 / 1843 ; P a rf i t t 1 998b ; D ove rL ib ra ry r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 0 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : n one . P ha se s : ? F ebruary 1 843 - L abou r e r sc l ea r ing at h ick e td i scove r ed " . . .a sm any a st wen ty . . ." s ke le ton s , b u r ied i n r ow s o fg r ave s , w i th f e e t t ot h e w e s t . O ne g r av e h ad ab u ck le a nd ap a i r o f' p ince r s ' , a nd t wo h ad s p ea rhead s . O ne b ody h ad ap i l low o fc ha lk s uppo r t ing t h es ku l l ,a nd a" . . .sho r ts wo rd a nd d agge r . . ." . T he g r av e sw e r e a bou t4 5cm b e low t h e g r ound s u rf a ce , a nd c ove r ed a n a r ea o fa bou t 1 0m . T he b one s w e r ea ppa r en t ly t h o se o fm en ,w omen a nd c h i ld r en . T he b on e sw e r ec o l lec ted a nd r ebu r ied n ea rby . T he s i t e w a s d e sc r ibed a sb e ing o n " . . . the s l ope o ft h e h i l l t ot h e r i gh t f r om D ove r n ea r Wa t e r 's E nd V i l la . . ." . T eynham . 2 57 . I .I nhuma t ion c em e te ry . NGR : TQ 9 5456358 . NAR : TQ 9 6 S E6 . E a s t K en t G az e t t e 1 7 /03 / 1888 ; P ayne 1 889 -9 1 , 1 90 ; 1 893 , 14 , 1 98 ; 1 893 -5b ; Sm i th 1 9 08a , 3 86 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V ,7 37 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 39 . M in imum n o . o fg r av e s : 4 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry mu seum . P ha se s : I ? V I? 1 888 - Wo rkmen d i gg ing f o r b r ick -ea r th i nR icha rd son 's B r ickf ie ld , t ot h e n o r th o fT eynham S t a t ion , f o und as wo rd a nd s ome b ead s , a nd s ho r t ly a f t e rwa rd s ap o t t e ry v e s se l , m o re b ead s , a nd ak n if e . T he se p r e sumab ly c ame f r om a tl e a s tt wo A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . W in ter 1 889 - As wo rd , s h ie ld -bo s s a nd s t ud s , a nd as p ea rhead w e re s a id t oh ave b een f o und i nt h e b r ick -f ie ld . T h r ee ' f ine c i rcu la r b rooche s ' , a mbe r a nd g l a s s b ead s , a n a rm le t , a n i r on k ey a nd as ma l l c oppe ra l loy b uck le w e r ea l so f o und i nt h i sy ea r . P ayne w a ss u sp ic iou st h a ts ome o ft h ef i nd sm ay h av e s mugg led b yw o rkmen e mp loyed i nK ing 's F i e ld , F ave r sham . P re -1964 - C an te rbu ry m u seum h a s aC op t ic b ow lf r om T eynham . T he f i nd ss ugg e s tt h es i t ew a si nu s ed u r ing t h e6 `h t o 7t h c en t u r ie s . T he c eme t e ry s i t sa tt h eb a se o f ag en t le n o r th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,o v e r look ing m a r sh land . OD i s5 6m . 2 58 . I . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i te . NGR : TQ 9 69639 . NAR : TQ 9 6 S E20 . P ayne 1 893 -5b ; Sm i th 1 908a ,3 73 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 39 ; A ven t 1 975 ,c o rpu sn o .156 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : P i t t -R ive r s mu seum , F a rnham . P ha se s : V . A pr i l 1 894 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave , c on ta in ing aC la s s 2p l a ted d i sc b rooch , t wo g o ld p endan t s , a nd t wo b ead st h r eaded o ns i lve rw i r e ,w a sf o und t ot h en o r th -ea s to fT eynham S t r ee t . T he g r ave p robab ly d a te st ot h ee a r ly 76 c en tu ry . T he s i t ei sa tt h eb a se o f ag en t le s ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope ,o nt h ee dg eo fm a r sh land . OD i s5 7m . T hrow lev . 2 59 . I .B e lmon tP ark . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TQ 9 85564 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : TQ 9 5 NE4 . S m i th 1 852 , 1 63 ,p l .xxxv i i .5 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 83 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 0 9 ; O Sr e co rd s . M in imum n o .o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I I . P re 1852 - C .R . Sm i th r e co rded as qua r e -headed b r ooch , f o und a tB e lmon t . T he i lu s t ra t ion s how s a g a rn e ti n la id b rooch ,w i th t e a r -d rop s haped g a rne t sa tt h ef o o t 's e nd t e rm ina l s . I tw ou ld a ppea rt ob ea n e xamp le o fL e igh 's S e r ie s Is i lve rb rooche s ,a nd w ou ld d a te t ot h es e cond q ua r te ro ft h e 61'c en tu ry . P re -1964 - T he O rdnance S u rvey I n dex r e co rd ed A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s n ea r t h e 2 00 ' c on tou r a t B e lmon t . T he f i nd s po to ft h eb rooch i su nknown .

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A ppend ix 1 . T hurnham . 2 60 . I .T hurnham F r iar s . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TQ 8 066578 1 . NAR : TQ 8 5 NW5 . B eck 1 940 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 39 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : No tk nown . P ha se s : V -V I I I? 1 913 - D u r ing l e ve l l ing t om ake ab ow l ing g r een i nt h e g round s o fT hu rnham F r ia r s , a n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry w a s d i scove red . An umbe ro fb u r ia l s , a l ong w i th g rave -good s , w e re s a id t oh ave b een f ound , b u to n ly 2 s pea rhead s a nd 7b ead s w e re s a ved . T he b ead s i n c luded 4 a me thy s t d rop s , aR oman m e lon b ead ,a nd 2b i con ica l b lue g l a s sb ead s . T he a me thy s t ss ugge s t a7 t hc en tu ry d a te f o rt h e i rb u r ia l . T he c eme te ry i ss i tua ted o nt h e l owe rs ca rp s l ope o ft h e N o r th D own s , w h ich h e re f a ces s ou th , b e tween 10 115m OD . 2 6 1 . I . P i lgr im 's Way . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TQ 8 13575 /814576 . NAR : N one . K e l ly 1 967a ; H awke sA rch ive ; P or tab le A n t iqu i t ie s S cheme r e co rd s ; R icha rd son 2 004 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone Mu seum . P ha se s : V I I -V I I I . March 1 967 - Wh i l s t h a r row ing a f i e ld t ot h e n o r th o ft h e P i lg r im 's Way , a Mr . P . B ee r f o und a n A ng lo -Saxon g o ld g a rne t in la id c r o s s d a t ing t ot h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 7t h c en tu ry . A ugu s t 2 003 - Membe r s o ft h e M id -Ken t Me ta l D e t ec t ing C lub d i scove red t wo g o ld p endan t s s e t w i th p o lych rome g l a s s , ag o ld s pace r b ead , a nd t h ree c oppe r a loy c ha te la ine s . A l l t h e se f i nd s d a ted t ot h e m id t ol a te 7t h c en tu ry , a nd i ts e em s p robab le t h a t t h ey w e re d e r ived f r om t h e s ame c on tex t a st h e g o ld c r o s sf ound i n1 967 . A ugu s t 2 004 - A n e xcava t ion o ft h e f i nd s po t w a s l e d b y A . R icha rd son . At o ta l o f2 5 t r enche s w e re d ug a c ro s s t h e a r ea t h a t h ad y i e lded t h e f i nd s . As i ng le i n huma t ion w a s l o ca ted . T he b ody ( g rave 1 ) , w h ich w a s v e ry b ad ly d amaged b y p l ough ing , h ad b een l a id o n t h e n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf ace , w i thou t a ny g r ave c u t ; p re sumab ly i th ad b een c ove red b y ab a r row , a l though t h e re w a s n o t r ace o f ar i ng d i tch . N o f u r the rg rave g ood s w e re r e cove red . T he g r ave w a s a l igned w e s t -ea s t , a nd a na ly s is o ft h e b one s i sn o t i n con s is ten tw i th a na du l tf ema le . T he ref o re i ti sp robab le t h a tt h i s i st h e b u r ia l w h ich h ad p roduced t h e g r ave g ood s . As i ng le 6t h c en tu ry r i ng t h a t w a s f o und s ome w ay t ot h e s ou th -ea s t o ft h e s i te m ay b e a c a sua l l o ss , o rm ay i n d ica te t h a tg r ave 1w a s a n o u t l ie ro fa ne a r l ie rb u r ia l g round . An o te i nt h e H awke s A r ch ive p l ace s t h e f i nd spo t o ft h e g o ld c r o s s i n H o l l ingbourne p a r i sh , a t TQ 8 29569 , b u tt h ed i scove r ie so f2 003 -4 s ugg e s tt h i s w a sa n e r ro r . T he s i te l i e so nt h e l owe rp a r to ft h eN or th D own s s c a rp s l ope , o n as ou th -ea s t f a c ing s pu r . OD i sa bou t 10m . U pchurch . 2 62 . I .O t terham C reek . I n huma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TQ 8 3066725 . NAR : TQ 8 6 NW20 . B land 1 846 -7 ; Sm i th 1 852 , 1 6 1-2 ; Sm i th 1 868 , 2 60 ; P ayne 1 893 , 8 6 ; 1 905 , l x x i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 75 , 3 86 ; B rown 1 915 , I V , 7 38 ; J e s sup a nd T ay lo r 1 9 32 , 1 64 ; E v ison 1 956 , 11 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 42 , 1 60 , 1 64 -5 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 39 ; A ven t 1 975 , c orpu s n o . 1 50 ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 . L oca t ion o fo b jec t s : Ma id s tone mu seum , R oche s te r m u seum . P ha se s : V -V I . P re 1847 - Two g l a s s s qua tj a r sw e re f o und i n ag r ave l p i t , " . . .a tt h e e dge o ft h e h igh g round , a tt h e t o p o fO t te rham C reek , n ea rU pchu rch . . ." . T he se w e r e ap a i r , a nd p r e sumab ly c ame f r om ag r ave . T hey a r e i n Ma id s tone mu seum . 1 852 - A g rave ( g rave 1 )w a s f ound b y g r ave l d i gge r s o n t h e e dge o f h igh g round , a tt h e t op o f O t te rham C reek . Ah uman s ke le ton w a s a c compan ied b y ap l a ted d i sc b rooch , ap a lm c up , a me thy s t b ead s , ap o t te ry b o t t le , a nd aS am ian d i sh . T he f i nd s w e re i nt h e c o l lec t ion o fR ev . J . Wood ruf fo f U pchu rch , b u ta r en ow l o s t . P re 1868 - Ap a r t ia l ly p e rf o ra ted g o ld c o in , n ow i nR oche s te r mu seum , w a s f ound n ea r t h e u ppe r p a r t o fO t te rham C r eek , a nd w a s t h ough t t oh ave p robab ly c ome f r om ag rave . I tw a s aMe rov ing ian c opy o f aB yzan t ine t y pe , a nd w a s f o rme r ly i nt h ec o l lec t ion o f Wa l te rP ren t i s o fR a inham . P re -1893 - Ac i rcu la r a mbe r b ead f r om a n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave a tO t te rham C reek w a s i nt h e P ren t i s c o l lec t ion b equea thed t oR oche s te rm u seum . T he o b jec t s f r om g rave 1 ,a nd t h e s i te a s aw ho le , s ugge s tt h a t t h e s i te w a s i nu se i nt h e f i r s th a lf o ft h e 7 t hc en tu ry . T he s i te i so n t h e l owe rp a r to f ag en t le w e s t -f ac ing s l ope , o n t h e e a s te rn b ank o fO t te rham C reek . OD i sb e tween 5 10m , a nd t h eg eo logy i sg r ave l .

7 9

A ppend ix 1 . U pper H ardre s /B i shop sbourne . 2 63 . I .B ur s tead Wood . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 1 60505 ( l oca l i ty o n ly )o r 1 7 1520 . NAR : TR 1 5S E 16 . F au s se t t 1 856 , 3 6 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 19 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 7 0 ; Meaney 1 964 , 13 ; H awk e sA rch ive . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 2 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 749 - F au s se t tr e co rd s t h a t2 3 h uman s k e le ton s w e r e f o und i nB u r s t ead Wood b y c ha lk d i gg e r s . A n i r on s pea rhead w a sa mong s tt h eo b jec t sf o und w i th t h em . c .1 751 - T h i r teen " sma l l e a r then b ead s o fd i f f e r en t c o lou r s" , a nd ag l a s s v e s se l , w e r e f o und i nt h e w ood . F au s se t tn o t e st h a tt h es k e le ton sa tt h i ss i t el a yw i th t h e i rf e e tt ot h en o r th . B u r s tead Wood s t radd le s t h e p a r i sh b ounda ry b e tween B i shop sbou rne a nd U ppe r H a rd r e s . T he e xa c t f i nd s po tw i th in t h e w ood i sn o t k nown , a nd t h e ref o r e t h e s i t e c ou ld l i e i ne i the rp a r i sh . An o t e i nt h e H awk e s A r ch ive s ugge s t s t h a t t h e s i t e c ou ld i nf a c t h ave b een i nG o r s ley Wood , w he r e t umu l i a r e m a rk ed o nt h em ap ( a t TR 1 7 1520 ) . We s tW ickham . 2 64 . I .I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 3 92657 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : ? K e l ly 1 967b , B renan 1 985 ; 1 99 1 ,2 88 ; B ruce -M i tf o rd 1 987 ,3 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : V . 1 967 - A n o pen -wo rk e s cu t cheon f r om a h ang ing b ow l , f o und i n ag a rden a t H awe s L ane , We s t W ickham s ome y ea r s p r ev iou s ly , w a s l e n tt o Ma id s tone Mu seum b yt h e f i nde r , M i s s J oan R i cha rd son , o fH e rne B ay . T he e s cu t cheon i so fb r onze , a nd h ad t r a ce s o fs i lve r ing o rt i nn ing p r io r t oc l ean ing . B r enan d a ted i tt ot h el a te 6 t ho re a r ly 7 t hc en tu ry . We s tbere . 2 65 . I .( Aka E a sden ,H er sden ,H er s ing ) . M ixed c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 1 9936 155 . NAR : TR 1 6S E 12 / 16 S E38 / 16 S E46 / 16 S E47 . K end r ick a nd H awke s 1 932 , 3 06 ; D ruce 1 9 33 , x l i i i ; L eed s 1 9 33 , 2 37 ; K end r ick 1 933a , 4 5 1 ; L eed s 1 9 36 ,4 3-4 ; H odgk in 1 939 , 1 ,9 2 , p 1 . 19 ; J e s sup 1 9 46 ; H a rden 1 9 56a , 1 58 -6 1 , 1 65 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 40 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 6 0 ; My r e s 1 977 , c o rpu s n o s . 1 082 -8 , f i g s . 1 3 , 2 03 , 2 79 ,3 62 ; E v i son 1 982 ,6 7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 6 0 . R eco rded g r ave s : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry mu seum . P ha se s : I B -V I? J une -Augu s t 1 931- A n A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry w a s d i scove r ed d u r ing t h e e xcava t ion o f ag r ave l p i t . Ap o t t e ry v e s se lf r om t h e s i t ew a so f f e r ed f o rs a le t oD r . I n ce , al o ca l a n t iqua ry , w ho s ub sequ en t ly k ep t n o t e sa nd r e cove red f i nd sa st h eg r ave lp i tw a se xcava t ed . O ve r ap e r iod o ft h ree m on th s I n ce n o t ed b e tw een 6 0 -70 b u r ia l s , b o th c r ema t ion s a nd i n huma t ion s , i n a na r ea c .4 9m b y4 0m . T he g r ave sw e r e s a id t oh ave b een a r rang ed i nf a i r ly r e gu la rr ow s , s ome t ime s i nt h r ee s . T he c r ema t ion s w e r e " ca r e le s s ly i n t e r r ed " , b u t r e spec t ed t h e i n huma t ion s , a nd t h e r e w a s n o e v idence o fd i s tu rbance o fo ne g r ave b y a no the r . T he a ve rage d ep th o fc r ema t ion s w a s s a id t ob e c . 0 . 45m , t h a t o fi n huma t ion s c .1 . 07m . P r e se rva t ion o fb one a ppea r s t oh ave b een p oo r d ue t ot h e s o i l c ond i t ion s , a nd n o b one s w e r e r emoved f r om t h e s i t e . A g r icu l tu r a l o pe ra t ion s h ad d amag ed m any o f t h e g r ave s , p a r t icu la r ly t h e c r ema t ion s . T he f i nd s i n c luded 4 b r ooche s , ab uck le a nd p l a t e , b ead s , 2 c oppe r a l loy r i ng s , ab ucke t , ac oppe r a loy b ow l , 9g l a s s v e s se l s a nd a tl e a s t 1 2 p o t te ry v e s se l s , 8o f w h ich s u rv ive i nC an te rbu ry m u seum . T he f i nd s i n i t ia l ly r ema ined i nt h ep o s se s s ion o ft h e l a ndowne r , M r . O sbor n D an , t h ough C an t e rbu ry Mu seum a cqu i r ed t wo p o t t e ry v e s se l s a nd s ome b ead s f r om t h e w o rkmen . Wh i l s tt h eg r ave lp i tw a sb e ing w o rk ed , aM r . E .A . B r en ch ley o b ta ined ag l a s sb ow l ,p o ta nd s ome b ead sf r om t h ew o rkmen . T he se w e r ea l so p l a ced i nC an te rbu ry m u seum . 1 942 - O n M r . D an 's d ea th , s ome o f t h e f i nd s w e re b equea th ed b y h im t o t h e R oya l Mu seum , C an te rbu ry . U nf o r tuna te ly ,s ome f i nd sh ad b yt h en b een l o s t . T he b rooche s f r om t h e s i t e i n c luded aF r i s ian f i sh shaped b rooch o f 5t h c en tu ry d a te , aK en t i sh g a rne t i n la id d i sc b rooch o fA ven t 's C la s s 2 . 6 ( d a tab le c .5 30 -80 ) , a nd t h e h ead -p la te o f ac ruc if o rm b r ooch w i th h a lf rounded k nob s , o fv e ry l a te 5 `h o re a r ly 6 '1 c en tu ry d a t e . T he re w e r e a tl e a s t 9g l a s s v e s se l s f r om t h es i te , i n c lud ing 2R oman v e s se l s , 2c one b eak e r s( o ne o f` K emp s ton ' t y pe ) , 1c l aw b eak e ra nd 1 b e l l b eake r . A s ide f r om t h e R oman o n e s , t h e se v e s se l s s pan ad a te r a ng e f r om t h e l a te 5t h t o Oh c en tu r ie s . T he r ew e re a l so 3b ow l so fH a rden 's t y pe X I .b , h i s ` We s tbe r e ' t y pe . T h i st y pe i sd ef ined a s h av ing ar ounded r im , c onvex s i de s a nd ar o unded b a se . O ne o ft h em h ad am ou ld b lown ' n on sen se '

8 0

A ppend ix 1 . i n sc r ip t ion . T hey w ere p robab ly manuf ac tu red i nt h e L ow C oun t r ie s d u r ing t h e 5t h c en tu ry . Much o f t h e p o t tery a l so a ppea red t ob e o fc on t inen ta l o r ig in , a nd o f 5f i c en tu ry d a te . T h ree ' w indow u rns ' , w i th s e c t ions o f g l a ss i n t he i r b a ses , w e re r e co rded ( t hough n one a r e e x tan t ) . T he se may h ave b een o f F r i s ian o r ig in . T he re w a s a l so a n i r on b uck le w i th ar e c tangu la r g i l t c oppe r a loy p la te , d eco ra ted w i th S t y le Ir e l ief a nd ac en t ra l g ar ne t s e t t ing . T h is w a s o fK en t ish manuf ac tu re , d a tab le t ot h e f i r s t h a lf o f t h e 6t h c en tu ry . Ove ra l l t h en , t h e ma te r ia l f r om We s tbe re s ugge s t s ap e r iod o f u se b eg inn ing i nt h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e 5t h c en tu ry , c on t inu ing i n to t h e l a t te r p a r t o ft h e 6t h. H oweve r , t h e c on ten t s o fg rave 1 ,t h e o n ly s ecu re ly a s soc ia ted a s semb lage f r om t h e c eme te ry , d a te t o t h e 7t h c en tu ry . T hey i n c lude a me thys t b ead s , a nd g o ld p endan t s . No o t he r o b jec t s o fd ef in i te ly 7t h c en tu ry d a te w ere f ound a tt h e s i te , b u t c l ea r ly i t ' s u se c on t inued i n to t h e 7t h,a l be i t p e rhap s o n ar educed s ca le . T he e a r l ie s t ma te r ia l f r om t h e s i te r evea ls as t rong l i nk w i th t h eL ow C oun t r ies , s ugge s t ing t h e p o ss ib i l i ty t ha tt h e f i r s tb u r ia l s w e re t hose o fm ig ran t s w ho h ad t r ave l led f r om , o rv i a , t h a tr eg ion . T he c eme tery w a s s i tua ted o n t h e t op a nd b row o f ag en t le s ou th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope o f ar i dge . T he s i te o ve r look s t h e R iver S tou r . OD i sa bou t 3 3m . T he C an te rbu ry -Thane t R oman r oad r uns 1 50m t ot h e n or th . T he g rave lp i t i sn ow d i sused . 2 66 . I . S tane s H i l l . I s o la ted f i nds . NGR : TR 1 9086125 . NAR : TR 1 6 S E 11 . O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 7 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 37 ; H awkes A rch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nds : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1958 - Ap o tf ound a tS t anes H i l lw a s c on s ide red t ob eA ng lo -Saxon b y K end r ick . H awke s n o tes t h a t" o the r s w e re a l so f ound h e re" . T he f i nd s po tw a s o n t h eb row o f ag en t le s ou th -ea s tf a c ing r i dge , b e tween 3 5 -40m OD . T he Wes tbe re Is i te i s9 00m t ot h e n or th -ea s t . T he C an te rbury -Thane t R oman r oad p a sses a bou t6 0m t ot h e n o r th . We s terham . 2 67 . I . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 4 554 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? H awkes A rch ive . L oca t ion o ff i nds : B r i t ish Mu seum . P ha ses : ? 1 928 - T he B r i t i sh Mu seum a cqu i red a p o lych rome b ead , o f b lue g l a s s w i th w h i te s p i ra ls , f r om We s te rham . We s twe l l . 2 68 . I . I nhuma t ion b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TQ 9 847 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TQ 9 4 NE7 . Sm i th 1 858 , 4 3 , 4 7 ;

P ayne 1 892 , KAS c a t . 1 8 n o . 2 73A , 3 5 n o . 6 40 ;

1 956a , 1 64 , p l .xv i i i .k ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 40 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 . R eco rded g rave s :

Sm i th 1 908a , 3 87 ;

H a rden

1 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : Ma ids tone mu seum . P ha se s : V -

V I I I? 1 858 -

Two g la s s v es se ls , s qua t j a r s o f H a rden 's T ype V I I Ib ( s qua t j a r s w i th c or ruga ted o r r i bbed

d eco ra t ion ) , w e re f ound i n ac oppe ra l loy b ow l , i n ag r ave a t Wes twe l l . T he f i nd sw e re a cqu i red b y M r . T hu r s ton . H a rden t hough t mo s ts qua tj a r sw e re o ft h e 7 t h c en tury . Wh i tf ie ld . 2 69 . I . O ld P ark ( Aka D over , L ong H i l l ) . I n huma t ion c eme tery . NGR : TR 2 9434375 . NAR : TR 2 3 NW42 /34 SW49 /34 SW 182 . H a s ted 1 797 -1801 , I X , 4 38 ; D eck 1 851 , 1 77 ; Sm i th 1 852 , 1 61; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 79 , 3 86 ; Sm i th 1 908c , 7 7 -8 ; B rown 1 915 , I I , 3 42 , I V , 7 09 ; K end r ick 1 937a ; K end r ick 1 937b ; Meaney 1 964 , 17 ; R igo ld a nd Me tca lf 1 984 , 2 51 . E v ison 1 987 , 1 76 -7 ; A non . 1 989 ; W i lk in son 1 990 , 1 9 , 4 0 ; B renan 1 991 , 2 05 ; K . P a rf i t t( pe r s . c omm . ) . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 6 . R eco rded g rave s : 2 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t ish Mu seum , D ove r mu seum . P ha ses : V -V I I . P re -1800 - H a s ted r e co rded t h a t s ome b a r row s " . .upon t h e h i l l , o n t h e l ef t s i de o ft h e L ondon r oad , n ea r t h e L ime K i ln . . ." w e re o pened . E ach w a s s a id t o h ave c on ta ined a s ke le ton , as wo rd a nd a s pea rhead . A l though t h is r e f e rence h a s u sua l ly b een t a ken t or e f e rt ot h e b a r row s i nL ousyber ry Wood ( s ee T emp le Ewe l l Ia bove ) , i ts e em s mo re l i ke ly t h a tb ar row s o n O ld P a rk H i l l a r e t h e s ub jec t . H a s ted w a s d i scus s ing R ive r a tt h i s p o in t i nh i s w o rk , w h ich i st h e p a r ish i mmed ia te ly a d jacen t O ld P a rk H i l l . F u r thermo re , t h ere w e re L ime K i ln s a tO ld P a rk ,j u s tb e low t h e s i te o fl a te rd i scove r ie s .

8 1

A ppend ix 1 . E ar ly 1 800 's - AP o r t ion o fa ne name l led r im f r om ah ang ing b ow lw a sp r e sen ted t o Dov e rm u seum b y S amue l L y son s . I tw a s s a id t oh ave b een f o und " be tween S andga t e a nd D ove r " , b u t e v iden t ly c ame f r om O ld P a rk , a si t sr ema in ing t wo p o r t ion sw e r e f o und t h e r e i n1 86 1 . I tw a s a ppa ren t ly f o und w i th a c oppe ra l loy t r iangu la rm oun t ,p e rhap s ab uck e tm oun t ,t h a ti si nt h eB r i t i sh Mu seum . 1 861 - D i sc s , e s cu tcheon s a nd 2 p or t ion s o f ar im ( ma t ch ing t h a t f o und e a r l ie r i nt h e c en tu ry ) f r om h ang ing b ow l sw e r ef ound i nt h eO ld P a rk . P re -1915 - A n e mbo s sed s i lve r -g i l tm oun t , o ft h e l a t e 6 t h c en tu ry , a nd 1 3 i v o ry moun t s f r om ac a sk e t , w e r ef o und a tO ld P a rk . 1 952 - Ag r ave w a s f ound a tO ld P a rk c on ta in ing t wo c o in s o fP ada ( Pa IB , P a I I ) . T he c o in s w e r e m oun ted a sp endan t s . T he se d a t et oc . 660 -80 . 1 989 - Ad og -wa lke r d i scove r ed ah uman b one w h ich h ad b een e xpo sed b y af a l len t r ee . T he K en t A r cha eo log ica l R e scue U n i tc a r r ied o u ta n e xcava t ion a tt h e s i t e , a nd d i scove r ed ad oub le i n huma t ion . Am an a nd w oman h ad b een b u r ied t o g e the r i n ac ha lk -cu t g r ave . T he m an w a s a ccompan ied b y t wo s p ea r s ,w h i l s tt h ew oman h ad ab u t ton b r ooch a nd b ead s . 1 997 - P a r f i t ti n ve s t iga ted t h es i te a nd l o ca t ed t wo g r ave s . T he c eme t e ry h a s u sua l ly b een l i s t ed u nde r D ove r , a nd w a s c onf u sed b y Meaney w i th t h e c em e te ry a t B uck land ( Dove rI ) . T he O ld P a rk s i t ea c tua l ly l i e sj u s t i n s ide Wh i tf ie ld p a r i sh , o nt h e l owe rs l ope o f Wh i tf i e ld H i l l , as pu r o ve r look ing t h e D ou r . OD i s7 5 -85m . T he s i t e f a ce s w e s t , a nd i ss i tua t ed i n w ood land . 2 70 . I . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 3 0054552 . NAR : ? W i l l son 1 986 ,5 4 -7 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 .R eco rded g r ave s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : KARU . P ha se s : ? 1 976 - T he d i gg ing o f as ew e r t r ench d i s tu rbed ab u r ia l i nN u r se ry L ane , Wh i tf ie ld , a nd t h e K en t A r chaeo log ica lR e scue U n i ti n ve s t iga ted , e xcava t ing t h e e xpo sed e a s t e rn e nd o ft h e g rave . T he r ew e r e n o f i nd s , a pa r t f r om 4 l a rge i r on n a i l s , p robab ly f r om ac of in . G iven i t s o r ien ta t ion , w i th h ead t ot h e e a s t , t h eb u r ia lw a st h ough tt ob e p agan , a nd t h e p r e sence o f aw ooden c off in s ugge s ted ad a te o fl a t e R oman , S axon , o r Med ieva l . W i l l son s ugg e s ted al a te -Roman d a t ea st h e mo s t l i ke ly , b u tt h i sw a so n ly o nt h ed ub iou sb a s i st h a t" coff in sw e r er a r ei nS axon g r ave s" ,a nd a nA ng lo -Saxon d a te f o rt h i sb u r ia l i s p o s s ib le . T he b u r ia l i so nt h en or th -f a c ing s l ope o f ad r y D own land v a l ley . T he g eo logy i sU ppe rC ha lk . OD i s 15m . W ickhambreaux . 2 7 1 . I .S upper ton F arm . I n huma t ion? b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TR 2 2766043 . NAR : TR 2 6 SW9 . D owke r 1 887 ; C ope land a nd P ayne 1 893 -5 ; P ayne 1 895 , l v i ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 56 -7 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 16 ; C hadw ick 1 958a ,6 8 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 40 ; D av id son a nd Web s te r 1 967 , 1 2 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r av e s : 1 .L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an t e rbu ry m u seum . P ha se s : V . 1 886 - D owk e r o b ta ined p a r t s o f i r on s wo rd s a nd s p ea rhead s t h a t h ad b een f ound i n ag r ave l p i t b e long ing t oT homa sB ing a tS uppe r ton F a rm , W ickhamb r eaux . J anuary 1 887 - F u r the ro b jec t s w e r e r e cov e r ed f r om t h e s i t e , i n c lud ing p o t te ry v e s se l s , s h ie ld -bo s se s , a nd ag o ld s t ud . D owk e r v i s i ted t h e s i t e , a nd c omp le t ed t h e e xcava t ion o f ag r ave t h a t h ad a l r eady y i e ld ed aC op t ic b ow l ( g rav e 1 ) . I ta l so c on ta ined as wo rd , ac l awbeake r , a nd a n o rna te b uck le w i th t r iangu la rp l a te . T h i sg r ave m u s td a t et ot h ev e ry l a te 6 ` " , o re a r ly 7 `h,c en tu r ie s . D owke r m ak e s i tc l ea r t h a tt h e r e w e r e an umbe r o fg r ave s a tt h e s i t e , a nd s ugg e s t s t h a t m o r e a wa i ted d i scove ry . T he g r ave s l a y n o t f a r b e low t h e s u rf a ce , a nd j u s t a bov e t h e w a te r logged l e ve l o fg r ave l . H e d oe sn o tm en t ion h uman r ema in s ,b u tt h ea c id ic s o i lc ond i t ion sm ay h ave m ean tt h a tn one s u rv ived . D av id son a nd Web s te r n o t ed t h e s im i la r i ty b e tw een t h e a s semb lage i ng r ave 1( bow l , g l a s s v e s se l , s wo rd ) a nd t h a t f ound i n ac r ema t ion b u r ia l a tC oombe , Woodne sbo rough ( s ee b e low ) . I ti sn o t i mpo s s ib le t h a t g r ave 1a tS uppe r ton F a rm w a s ac r ema t ion , g i ven t h e l a ck o fr e f e rence t ob one s , b u t u n l ik eC oombe ,t h i sg r ave w a sc e r ta in ly n o ta n i s o la t ed b u r ia l , n o rw a st h e r ea ny e v idence o f ab a r row . T he s i t e l i e s o n t o p o f ar i dge , t h e g r ound s l op ing g en t ly t owa rd s t h e s ou th -ea s t . OD i sb e twe en 1 0 1 5m . T he s i te i so ng r ave l . 2 72 . I . S todmar sh . I nhuma t ion? b u r ia l s ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TR 2 1596030 . NAR : TR 2 6 SW7 .

8 2

A ppend ix 1 . A ke rman 1 855a , 6 8 ; •1 855b , 1 79 -81 , p l .xv i ; K emb le 1 863 , p l . x xv i i i , f .7 -8 ; Sm i th 1 908a , 3 57 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 16 ; Sm i th 1 923 , 5 7 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 8 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 37 ; D av id son a nd Web s te r 1 967 , 1 , p l . I I I ; L e igh 1 980 , S d .1-1 , S d .1-2 . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 ? R eco rded g rave s : 1 ? L oca t ion o f f i nd s : C an te rbu ry m u seum , B r i t ish Mu seum . P ha se s : I ? -V . 1 848 - Ag rave l d igge r d ug i n to ab a r row a tS todma r sh . I tc on ta ined a n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l ( g rave 1 ) . T he f i nd s i n c luded c oppe ra loy b ow l s , s pea rhead s , as h ie ld -bo s s , b uck le s , b ead s , b rooche s , a nd as i lve r s poon w i th p e rf o ra ted b ow l . T he f i nd s w e re t a ken t oS t odma r sh C our t , b u t w hen A kerman s aw t h em , t h eb ead s ,b ow ls a nd w eapon sh ad b een t h rown a way . 1 854 - Akerman e xcava ted t wo o t he r b a r row s a tt h e s i t e , b u t f o und n o s i gn s o fg rave s . T he f i r s t o ne t h a th ee xcava ted w a sd e sc r ibed a sb e ing a bou t 1 2 .20m i nd i ame te r , a nd a bou t 1 . 22m h igh . 1 907 - As wo rd a nd s h ie ld -bo s sw e re f ound a tt h e s i t e . T he s wo rd h ad r ema in so f aw ooden s c abba rd . 1 963 - T he a r ea c on s is ted o fd i su sed , g ra s sed o ve rg r ave lw o rk ing s . T he s u rv iv ing f i nd s f r om g r ave 1 i n c lude t wo s qua re -headed b rooche s . O ne w a s as i lve r b rooch o f L e igh 's S e r ie s I , t h e o t he rw a s a n u nu sua l f i l ig ree d eco ra ted b rooch , p o s s ib ly o fS cand inav ian o r ig in . Two o ft h e b uck le s w e r e c a s t o va l l o op s w i th s h ie ld -on tongue . T he se , t oge the r w i th t wo s hoe shaped r i ve t s , w e re o f 6t h c en tu ry d a te , a sw e re t h e s qua re -headed b rooches . H oweve r , t h e re w a s a l so af i l ig ree d eco ra ted b uck le w i th t r iangu la r p l a te , o fl a te 6t h o re a r ly 7t h d a te . D av id son a nd Web s te r s ugge s ted t h a tt h is g rave m ay h ave b e en s im i la r t ot h a t a tC oombe , a ppa ren t ly t h e c r ema t ion b u r ia l o f am an a nd w oman . T he re i sn or e f e rence t oa ny b one s f r om t h e b a r row a tS t odma r sh , b u tt h is c ou ld b e ar e su l t o f t h es o i l c ond i t ion s . I th a s b een a s sumed t h a t a l t h e f i nd s d i scove red i n1 848 c ame f r om as i ng le g r ave , i nw h ich c a se t h ey w ou ld r e p re sen t as im i la r a s semb lage t ot h a t a tC oombe . H oweve r , i tm ay b e t h a t t wo b u r ia l s , o ne o f af ema le o ft h e e a r ly t om id 6t h, a nd o ne o f am a le o ft h e l a te 6t h o r e a r ly 7t h, w e re d i scove red . T he b a r row w a s s a id t ob e n ea r t h e r oad , o n t h e b row o f ah i l l c l o se t oS t odma r sh C our t . T he NGR g i ven p l ace s i ta tt h ee nd o f ar i dge , o n as ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope , a t OD 1 5m . T he s i te i so ng r ave l . 2 73 . I I . Church . C hu rchya rd . NGR : TR 2 2005875 . NAR : TR 2 5 NW35 . GMLA 1( 1794 ) , 5 0 1 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 8 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 794 - T h ree p o t te ry v e s se ls , t hough t t o h ave b een A ng lo -Saxon , w e re f o und a t W ickhamb r eaux C hu r ch . W ickhamb reaux C hu rch i ss i tua ted n ea rt h e b a se o ft h e L i t t le S tou r v a l ley , o n ag en t le s ou th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope . OD i s7 m . 2 74 . I V . G rove P i t . I s o la t ed f i nd . NGR : TR 2 3766 195 . NAR : TR 2 6 SW22 . C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 8 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t ish Mu seum . P ha se s : ? P re 1958 - T he BM h a sa nA ng lo -Saxon l e ad w e igh tf r om G rove P i t . G rove P i tw a s o nt h e e dge o fm a r sh land , a tt h e e nd o fG rove H i l l . OD i su nde r5 m . 2 75 . V . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 2 259 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : TR 2 6 SW 15 . Wh i t ing 1 927 , 3 6 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 9 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 40 ; E v ison 1 979 , 7 7 , f i g s . 1 4c , 2 2 i . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : C an te rbu ry mu seum . P ha se s : V -V I I I? 1 910 - As ma l l g r ey b i con ica l w hee l th rown b ow l w a s f o und a tW ickhamb reux . I th a s a n u ndu la t ing r ow o fr ou le t t ing a bove i t s c a r ina t ion , w i th c r o s s in -c i rc le s t amp s i nt h e v a l ley s . S im i la r b ow l s h ave c ome f r om S t . P e te r 's a nd S a r re . None w e re f ound w i th a s soc ia t ion s , b u t al a te 6t h o r 7t h c en tu ry d a te , i nk eep ing w i th mo s t w hee l th rown p o t te ry f r om K en t i sh g r ave s , s e em s l i ke ly . T he e xac t f i nd spo t i s n o tk nown . W ingham . 2 76 . I . Wi therden F arm ( Aka Wi therden H a l l ) . I n huma t ion c eme te ry . NGR : TR 2 4985690 o r2 4955690 . NAR : TR 2 5 NW 19 . Amyo t 1 843 -9 , 3 ; C onyngham 1 844b ; Sm i th 1 848a , 1 04 ; A ke rman 1 855a , 2 3 -4 , 8 0 , p l s . x ,x i .1 , x 1 .3 ; 1 855b , 1 76 -9 ; 1 857 -9 , 1 99 ;

Sm i th 1 908a , 3 56 ;

B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 16 ;

8 3

Sm i th 1 923 , 5 7 -8 ;

J e s sup

A ppend ix 1 . 1 9 30 , 2 34 ; A nonymou s 1 933 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 9 ; Meaney 1 9 64 , 1 40 1 ; A ven t 1 975 , c o rpu s n o . 1 57 ; A ven ta nd L e igh 1 977 , 1 8 ; My r e s 1 977 ,I ,9 2 ; E v i son 1 979 ,7 4 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 1 0 . R eco rded g r ave s : 6 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum . P ha se s : V -V I . P re 1843 - L o rd C onyngham w ro t e t h a t " . . .some t ime s i nce . . ." f o u r A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s h ad b een f o und d u r ing c ha lk d i gg ing o n t h e s i de o f ah i l l a t W i the rden F a rm , W ingham . T hey c on ta ined ' e a r then ' a nd a me thy s tb ead s , ab r a ce le t , ar i ng ,s ome p i ece so fi r on ,a nd as pea rhead . May 1 843 - T he l a ndowne r , S i rB rook B r idge s , a l low ed C onyngham t oe xcava t e a tt h e s i t e . T rench e s w e r ed ug o nt o po ft h eh i l l ,a nd f o u rg r av e sc u ti n to t h ec ha lk w e re r e v ea led a nd e xcava ted ( g rave s 1 4 ) . G rave 4 w a s d e sc r ibed a s b e ing ' T shaped ' , w i th t wo s k e le ton s , b u t w a s p robab ly t wo i n t e r -cu t t ing g r av e s . G rave 3a l so c on ta in ed t wo s k e le ton s , o ne a tt h e f e e to fa no the r , a nd t h i s may a l so h ave b een t wo i n t e r -cu t t ing g r ave s . A ugu s t 1 854 - A ke rman e xcava t ed s e ve ra lg r ave sa tt h es i t e ,b u to n ly t wo w e r e ' u n r if led ' ( g r av e s 5 6 ) . T he f i nd s f r om g r ave 4 a i n c luded ap l a t ed d i sc b rooch , ac ow r ie s h e l l , a me thy s t b ead s , a nd aj ew e l led p i n . T he se s ugge s t ad a t e o fb u r ia l i nt h e e a r ly 7t h c en tu ry , a nd t h e r e i sn o th ing t os ugg e s tt h a t a ny o f t h eo t he rg r ave sw e r en o to fs im i la rd a te . T he r ew a sn ot r a ce o fa ny b a r row sa tt h es i t e ,b u ti tw a sa r ab le l a nd ,a nd p l ough ing may h ave d e s t royed a ny e v idence o ft h e se . T he c eme te ry i ss i tua ted o nt h el ow e rs l ope o f av a l ley . T he s l ope f a ce sw e s t , o ve r look ing t h es ou r ce o f as ma l ls t r eam . OD i s1 0 15m . T he b ed rock i sC ha lk . Woodne sborou2h . 2 77 . I .D oub tf u l i n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TR 3 0805693 / 308 15683 . NAR : TR 3 5 NW38 . D oug la s 1 793 , 7 1 , p l .xv i i .6 ; H a s ted 1 797 180 1 , X , 1 22 ; Sm i th 1 844a , 1 32 -3 ; 1 852 , 2 20 , p l .L I I .4 ; 1 858 , 4 6 ; A ke rman 1 855a , 3-4 , p l s . x v i i .1 ; K emb le 1 863 p l .xxv i ; P ayne 1 893 , 1 71 ; P ayn e 1 902 ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 87 ; B ayne s e ta l . 1 909 , 3 67 ; B rown 1 9 15 , I V , 7 07 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 6 1 ; C hadw ick 1 958a ,6 4 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 4 1 ; D av id son a nd Web s t e r 1 967 , 7 9 ; E v i son 1 979 , 7 6 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : ? R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : L i ve rpoo l mu seum . P ha se s : ? P re 1793 - D oug la s r e co rded t h a t 3 0 A ng lo -Saxon g l a s s v e s se l s w e re f o und a t Woodne sbo rough , " . .v e ry n ea r t h e c on ica l h i l l . . ." . D oug la s a l so s a y s t h a t M r . B oy s h ad o b ta ined a b r oo ch f r om Woodne sbo rough . H a s t ed r e co rd st h a tt h e f i nd sw e r e m ad e o n "Woodne sbo rough H i l l" , a na ppa r en t ly a r t if i c ia l m ound o fs a ndy e a r th " . . .a s ma l l d i s tance f r om t h e C hu r ch . . ." . H e w r i t e st h a t" . . .some y ea r s a go . . ." , ag l a s sv e s se l , ab r ooch , as p ea rhead , a nd s ome f r agmen t so fR oman v e s se l s , w e re f o und o nt o p o ft h em ound . T he m ound w a sp robab ly t h a tm a rked a s at umu lu s o n t h e 1 899 O .S . 6 " m ap , o nF i r t r ee H i l lt ot h en or th o ft h ec hu r ch . B y t h e 1 850 's o n ly o ne v e s se l s u rv ived , aB e l l B eake r o fH a rden ' s t y pe V a i i ( p o in ted , w i th k nob o n b a se a nd c on s t r ic t ion i nb ody ) . I ti sn ow l o s t . H a rden c on s ide r ed t h i s t y pe t ob e o f 5t h o re a r ly 6t h c en tu ry d a te . A k e rman , w ho i l u s t ra t ed t h e B e l l B eake r , w r i te s t h a t i tw a s f o und a tt h e e nd o ft h e 1 8t h c en tu ry o n l a nd o wned b y aM r . H a r r i son , al o ca l f a rme r . H en o te st h a to r ig ina l ly a bou t3 0v e s se l sh ad b een f o und i n ta c t ,a nd t h a tt h ey h ad b een k ep to nt h e f a rm ( b e l ieved t oh ave b een P a r sonag eF a rm )a nd u s ed a th a rve s t h om e s . I nt h e 1 850 's t h e s u rv iv ing v e s se l w a s i nt h e p o s se s s ion o f M r . H a r r i son 's d augh t e r , w ho l i ved i nS andw ich . I tm ay b e t h a t t h e t a le o f3 0 v e s se l s a c tua l ly o r ig ina l ly r e f e r red t o f r agmen t s , r a the r t h an w ho le e xamp le s . D av id son a nd Web s te r s u gg e s t ed t h a t , i ft h e t a le o f i n ta c t g l a s se sw a st r ue ,t h en t h ev e s se l sm ay h ave c ome f r om ah oa rd ,r a th e rt h an g r ave s . 1 828 - AF rank i sh s pou t ed p i tche ra nd ac i r cu la rb rooch w e r ef o und t o g e the ri n as a nd -p i ta tt h eb ack o f t h eO ak p ub l ic h ou se . T he j ug i sn ow i nL ive rpoo lm u seum . 1 902 - D u r ing t h e d r a in ing o f af i e ld n ea r Wa l ton , a bou t 4 60m f r om Woodne sbo rough c hu r ch , t h e f a rm e r , M r . J . B . G ibben , d i scove r ed al a ye ro fe a r th f u l l o fc a lc ined b one s . T h i se x tended o v e ra n a r ea o fr ough ly 3 0 s qua re m e t r e s . A bou t 1 00m d i s tan t , i nt h e s ame f i e ld , af u r the rl a ye ro fb u rn tb one s w a s e ncoun te r ed a ta bou t 1 . 22m d eep . I ft h i s a c coun t i sa c cu ra t e , i ts ugg e s t s t h e p o s s ib i l i ty o fa ne x t en s ive f u ne ra ry o rr i tua ld epo s i t . T he n a tu r e o ft h i s s i t e i sn o t c l ea r . T he p l a ce n ame i si n te rp re ted t om ean ' H i l l o fW od en ' , a nd i ft h e t a le o f3 0g l a s sv e s se l s i st r ue , t h en t h ey m ay h ave c ome f r om ar i tu a l d epo s i t . T he d i scov e ry o fl a ye r s o fb one s n ea r Wa l ton i s af u r the r i n d ica t ion o fp o s s ib le l a rg e s c a le r i t ua l p r ac t ice . H owev e r , H a s t ed 's a c coun to ft h ed i scove ry o fo n eg l a s sv e s se l a nd f r agmen t so f' Roman v e s se l s ' , a l ong w i th ab r ooch a nd s p ea rhead , d oe si mp ly t h ed i scov e ry o fg r ave s . T he s i te i so nt h eb row o f ah i l l ,f a c ing e a s t . OD i s2 5 -30m . 2 78 . I . C oombe . P o s s ib le c r ema t ion b u r ia l ,p r ima ry i nb a r row .

8 4

A ppend ix 1 . NGR : TR 2 9755750 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : TR 2 5 NE13 . Sm i th 1 852 , 1 64 , 2 21; A kerman 1 852 , 1 79 ; 1 855a , 4 7 -8 , 5 3 , p l s . x x iv .1 , x xv i ; K emb le 1 863 , 2 07 , p l .xxv i .4 ; P roceed ing s o ft h e B u ry a nd We s t S uf f o lk A rchaeo log ica l I n s t i tu te I( 1895) , 2 7 ; Sm i th 1 844a , 1 32 ; F rank s 1 866 ; H a igh 1 872 , 2 62 ;

Sm i th 1 908a , 3 55 -6 , f .1 0 ; B rown 1 915 , I I , 2 22 , I V ,

6 96 , 7 07 ; J e s sup 1 930 , 2 30 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 5 ; Meaney 1 964 , 15 ; D av idson a nd Web s te r 1 967 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : 1 .R eco rded g raves : 1 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : S af f ron Wa lden mu seum . P ha se s : I V -V . c . 1 845 - A n A ng lo -Saxon g rave w a s e xcava ted a t C oombe b y W .W . B o reham , ac o l lec to r o f a n t iqu i t ies f r om S uf f o lk . T he g rave w a s s a id t oh ave b een u nde r a n a r t if ic ia l l a ye r o fc l ay , c .1 8m i n d i ame te r , a t ad ep th o fc . 1 . 80m . T he g rave a ppea red t o h ave b een a c r ema t ion b u r ia l , b urn t h uman b ones h av ing b een f ound i n ac oppe r a l loy b ow l , c ove red b y ac l o th . T he f i nds w ere s ugge s t ive o fa v e ry w ea l thy ma le , b u t t h e p r esence o f af r agmen t o f as qua re -headed b rooch a nd s ome b ead s p e rhaps i n d ica tes t h a t i tw a s ad oub le b u r ia l . T he f i nd s i n c luded ar i ng -swo rd , w i th ac a s t s i lve rh i l tw i th n i e l lo i n lay a nd o rnamen ted w i th d es ign s t h a t a r e t r an s i t iona l b e tween S a l in 's S ty le Ia nd I . Web s te r d a ted t h i sb ur ia lt ob e tween c .5 75 -600 . T he l o ca t ion o ft h e b u r ia l s i te i sn o tc e r ta in . Web s te rc onc luded t h a tt h e mos t l i ke ly l o ca t ion w a s i nt h e a r ea o f ' t he o ld s andp i t ' , w h ich i sa tt h e g r id r e f e rence g iven a bove . T h is p l aces t h e s i te o n aw e s t f a c ing s l ope , b e low t h e b row o f ar i dge w h ich r un s f r om Woodne sbo rough , t ot h e s ou th -ea s t , t oA sh t o t h e n or th -we s t . I f t h is w a s t h e s i te , t h en i tl a y n ex t t o t h e c ou r se o f aR oman r oad b e tween Woodnesbo rough a nd A sh . I I . R ing lemere F arm . M ixed c eme tery . NGR : TR 2 94568 NAR : ? P a rf i t ta nd N eedham ( 2004 ) . M in imum n umber o fg rave s :

1 3 . R eco rded g r aves :

1 3 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : B r i t ish Mu seum . P ha se s :

A ugus t t o N ovember 2 004 T he C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica l T ru s t , a s s is ted b y t h e D ove r A rchaeo log ica l G roup a nd o t he r s , e xcava ted af i f th t r ench t oi n ves t iga te al a rge B ronze A ge b ar row a t R ing leme re F arm , Woodne sbo rough . T h is w a s t h e s i te o ft h e f i nd ing i n2 001 o fa n e a r ly B ronze A ge g o ld c up ( t he R ing leme re C up ) . Ap r ev iou s e xcava t ion h ad l o ca ted a n A ng lo -Saxon s unken h u tc u t i n to t h e b ar row . T rench 5 r evea led p ar t o fa n A ng lo -Saxon c eme tery o n t h e s ou ther n s i de o ft h e b a r row . T h i s c omp r ised 8 i n huma t ion s a nd 5c r ema t ion s , d i s t r ibu ted o n e i ther s i de , a nd i ns ome c a se s c u t i n to t h e u pper f i l l , o ft h e b a r row d i tch . G rave g ood s r e covered i n c lude t wo g l a ss c l aw b eake r s , b ead s a nd s ome i r on o b jec t s . S ome o ft h ese o b jec t s , i n c lud ing a n u nu sua l b ead , d a te t ot h e 5t h c en tu ry , a nd r ad io c a rbon d a te f o r as amp le o fb one f r om g rave 6( a n i n huma t ion )g ave ac a l ib ra ted r e su l to f AD 3 90 -550 . T he s i te l i es o n ag en t le n or th -ea s t f a c ing s l ope a tt h e e nd o f al ow v a l ley w h ich d ra ins t owa rd s t h e n o r th -wes t . OD i sa pp rox ima te ly 1 2m . 2 79 . I V . Mar shborough . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 3 06574 ( app rox ima te ) . NAR : TR 3 5 NW 119 . P ayne 1 911 , l x xx i i i ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 4 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 28 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? c .1 910 -

C ha r le s N ew ing ton o fU ppe r D ea l i n f ormed P ayne t h a t a n A ng lo -Saxon p o t te ry v es se l h ad

b een f ound a t Ma r shbo rough . T he e xac tl o ca t ion o ft h e s i te i sn o tk nown . Wor th . 2 80 . L D oub tf u l c r ema t ion? b u r ia l s i te . NGR : TR 3 3655524 . NAR : TR 3 5 NW28 . H awkes 1 937 ; S t ebb ing 1 937 ; C hadw ick 1 958a , 6 4 ;

Meaney 1 964 , 1 41 ;

My re s 1 977 , c orpu s n o .

4 59 , f .1 8 . M in imum n o . o fg raves : ? R eco rded g raves : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nds : ?P ha ses : I A -B? 1 936 - C on t rac to r s l a y ing t e lephone c ab le s a l ong s ide t h e S andw ich -Dea l r oad c u tt h rough an umbe r o f g r ave -g roup s . P o t tery v es se ls o fL a te I r on A ge a nd R oman d a te w ere f ound , a ppa ren t ly a l ong w i th c r ema ted h uman b one . I na dd i t ion , ah and -made d i sh a nd b ow l w e re t hough tt ob e o fp os t -Roman d a te . H awkes t hough t t h e b ow l w a s d ef in i te ly o f 5 t h c en tury d a te , a nd t h a t t h e d i sh w a s a l so , d ue t o i t ' s s im i la r f ab r ic . Howeve r , h e d id n o t c ons ider e i the r t o b e A ng lo -Saxon , b u t r a the r n a t ive ' s ub -Roman p roduc t s ' . S t ebb ing s ugge s ted t h a t t h e s i te r ep re sen ted b u r ia ls a nd r ubb i sh t i ps s t re tch ing o ve r al o ng p e r iod o ft ime .

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A ppend ix 1 . T he f i nd s w e re m ad e o nt h e e a s ts i de o ft h e r o ad , e i the r s i de o f ad i agona l t u rn t o Wo r th v i l lag e . T he s i t e s i t s o n t h e h i ghe s t p a r t o f aw ide r i dg e , t h e g r ound s l op ing g en t ly t owa rd s t h e n or th ea s t . OD i s 1 0m . 2 8 1 . I . I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TR 3 68567 . NAR : N one . A nd r ew a nd P enn 1 994 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : I V -V . N ovember 1 993 - A c oppe r a loy c i r cu la r m oun t , d eco ra ted w i th S t y le I a n th ropomo rph ic a nd z oomo rph ic o rnamen t , w a s f o und b y M r . R upe r t B a rw ick w i th am e ta l d e tec to r o n t h e f o r e sho r ej u s t n o r th o fD ea l . I tc ame f r om al a ye ro fm ud o rs a nd w h ich h ad b een e xpo sed b enea th t h e s h ing l ed u r ing w o rk t or e pa i r t h e s e a d ef en ce s . T he c en t ra l d e s ign o f ah uman f a ce r e semb le s t ho se f r om C la s s I b u t ton b rooche s , w h i l s t t h e a n ima l or namen t a r ound t h e e dge s i st r an s i t iona l t o S t y le I . T h e l a t te r f e a tu r ew ou ld s ugge s t ad a te c .5 75 -600 . T he f i nd s po ti so n as h ing le f o r e sho r e , f a c ing e a s t -no r th -ea s t ,j u s ta bove s e a leve l . Wou ldham . 2 82 . I .I s o la ted f i nd . NGR : TQ 7 264 ( l oca l i ty o n ly ) . NAR : ? Ma son e t .a l . 1 997 ,2 50 1 . L oca t ion o fo b jec t s : Ma id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : ? c .1 996 - Ac ock ed h a ts wo rd p omme lw a sf o und a t Wou ldham b yG .B u l lock . Wro tham . 2 83 . I . Wh i te F i e ld s . I n huma t ion c eme t e ry . NGR : TQ 6 1905904 /62005904 . NAR : TQ 6 5 NW27 . A nonymou s 1 920 , 1 58 ; E v i son 1 956 , 12 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 4 1 ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s ; Ma id s tone m u seum g aze t t ee r . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 4R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s :? 1 907 - As k e le ton o r s k e le ton s a nd a n i r on s p ea rhead w e r e f o und . I n a dd i t ion , an o te i nt h e O .S . r e co rd sb yE lga rr e co rd so ne o rm o r eg ar n e ts e tb r ooche sf o und i na nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave . 1 920 - S ke le ton s , s a id t o b e " Ju t i sh" , w e r e f o und a t t h e p ump ing s t a t ion a t Wh i te F i e ld s ( TQ 6 2005904 ) . AM r . H a r r i son o b ta ined a s p ea rhead , ag o ld o r namen t , a nd a c oppe r a l loy b r ooch o r b uck le f r om t h es i t e . T he s i t e l i e so nt h e l owe rp a r to f as ou th -ea s tf a c ing s l ope , b e low t h eN o r th D own s s c a rp , b e tw e en 10 12m OD . 2 84 . I . B radf ord P la t t( aka Qu ince C o t tage ) . I n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e . NGR : TQ 6 1355958 . NAR : TQ 6 5 NW31 . A nonymou s 1 920 , 1 58 ; E v i son 1 956 , 12 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 4 1-2 ; S wan ton 1 973 , 1 8 1 , 1 83 ; 1 9 74 , 9 0 ; A ven t 1 975 ,c o rpu sn o . 1 32 ; R igo ld a nd Me t ca lf 1 9 84 ,2 67 ; O rdnance S u rvey r e co rd s . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , M a id s tone m u seum . P ha se s : V IX . 1 920 - A ng lo -Saxon s k e le ton s a r e s a id t oh ave b een f o und a tB radf o rd P l a t t , a l ong w i th as p ea rhead , a c oppe ra loy r i ng w i th 2b ead s s t rung o n i t ,a nd ac oppe ra loy b uck le . T he e xa c t l o ca t ion o ft h i s f i nd s po ti sn o tk nown . 1 927 - T he B r i t i sh Mu seum a cqu i r ed ad i sc b r ooch , a n o pen -wo rk g o ld p endan t , f ou r s p ea rh ead s , a k n if e , af o s s i l a mmon i te , a nd ah o l low s i lve r e a r r ing w i th t wo b ead s s t rung o n i t . T hey w e r e s a id t o h av eb een f o und i na n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave o n t h e c ha lk p l a t eau n o r th o f Wro tham . H owev e r , i ts e em s l i ke ly t h a tt h e se f i nd sc ame f r om s eve ra lg r ave s ,p o s s ib ly t h o se d i scove r ed i n1 920 . D ecember 1 954 - A n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l w a s f o und w hen ac oa l b unk e r w a s b u i l t a t Qu in ce C o t tage ( TQ 6 1355958 ) . Two s c ea t ta s , o ft y pe s Sa nd T , w e re f o und n ea r t h e n eck . T hey a r e i n Ma id s tone m u seum . T he b r ooch i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum i s ag a rne t in la id d i sc b r ooch o fA ven t 's c l a s s 7 . 3 ( t he o n ly k nown e xamp le o ft h i s s ub -g roup ) . I tw ou ld d a te t ot h e e nd o ft h e 66 o r e a r ly 7 `h c en tu ry . O ft h e f o u r s p ea rh ead s i nt h e mu seum , t h r ee h ave a ngu la r b l ade s o ft y pe s E 3 a nd E 4 , w h i l s t o ne i so n ly as o cke t . T he s c ea t t a sf ound i n1 954 d a t et ob e tween c .7 15 -40 .

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A ppend ix 1 . Q u ince C o t tage i ss i tua ted a bou t 1 80m n o r th o ft h e j unc t ion b e tween t h e A 20 w i th t h e Wro tham t o Meopham r oad . T h i s p l ace s t h e s i te a tt h e b a se o ft h e N or th D own s s ca rp , o n as t eep s ou th -f ac ing s l ope ,b e tween 1 60 -170m OD . Wye . 2 85 -287 . I . Wye D owns . I nhuma t ion c eme te ry , p r ima ry i nb a r row s . NGR : TR 0 7004653 /07 1468 /06934702 . NAR : TR 0 4 NE9 /04 NE10 /04 NE 11 . Mo r r is 1 842 , 9 14 ; Sm i th 1 858 ,4 7 ; GMLA I ( 1 858 ) , 1 65 , 2 49 ; D av is a nd T hu rnham 1 865 , I ,p 1 .44 ; P ayne 1 891-3 , 3 13 -5 ; P ayne 1 895 , x l v i i lv i ; S m i th 1 908a , 3 68 -9 , 3 87 ; A ck royd e t . a l . 1 939 ; H a rden 1 956a , 1 59 , 1 64 ; D unn ing a nd E v i son 1 961 , 1 49 ; O rdnance S u rvey 1 963 , 2 03 ; Meaney 1 964 , 1 42 ; S wan ton 1 974 , 9 0 ; I n f o rma t ion f r om J .B rad shaw . M in imum n o . o fg rave s : 2 3 . R eco rded g r ave s : 9 . L oca t ion o f f i nd s : B r i t i sh Mu seum , BM ( Na tu ra l H is to ry ) , Ma id s tone mu seum . P ha se s : V ? -V I I I? c . 1842 - Mo r r i s o b se rved ac l u s te r o f 1 8 b a r row s o n Wye D own s , " . . .be tween t h e f i r s t a nd s e cond p l an ta t ion s f r om We l l S have . . ." . H e a l so n o ted t h a t t h e r e w e re " . . .one o rt wo [ b a r row s ] i nt h e s e cond a nd t h i rd c l ump s [ o ft r ee s ] . . ." , a nd h e w a st o ld b y w o rkmen t h a tt h ey f ound s ke le ton s w hen t h ey d ug a n e mbankmen t a r ound t h e t h i rd c l ump o ft r ee s . Mo s t o ft h e b a r row s h ad b een p r ev iou s ly d i s tu rbed , b u t Mo r r is e xam ined an umbe r o ft h em , a nd n o ted t h a t a l l h ad g rave s a l igned SW -NE . O ne b u r ia l ( g rave 1 ) ,c on ta ined t h ed i s tu rbed b one so f ay oung a du l tm a le . A pr i l 1 842 - Mor r is e xcava ted a g roup o f t h r ee b a r row s o n t h e b row o f t h e h i l l o ve r look ing Wye ( g raves 2 -4 ) . T he se w e r e as epa ra te g roup t ot h o se n o ted a bove . 1 858 - Ab u r ia l ( g rave 5 )c on ta in ing as h ie ld -bo s s , ag l a s s v e s se l a nd " sma l le r o b jec t s" , w a s f ound a t t h e f oo t o f Wye H i l l , b e s ide t h e r o ad t o D ove r . T he o b jec t s w e re s aved b y t h e R ev . L .B . L a rk ing . Ma id s tone mu seum h a s ac one b eake r ( Ha rden 's t y pe I Ia i i .2 ) , p re sumab ly f r om t h is g r ave . A s p ea rhead , s im i la rt o aR oman p i lum , i sa l so s a id t oh ave b een f ound i n ag rave a tt h e f oo t o ft h e h i l l , a nd t h i s may h ave c ome f r om g r ave 1 . L a rk ing a nd C .R . Sm i th a l so e xcava ted t wo o f an umbe r o f b a r row sa tt h e t op o ft h eh i l l , t ot h e l ef to ft h e r o ad ( g rave s 6a nd 7 ) . G rave 2w a s t h a to f ac h i ld , g r ave 3w a s t h a t o f av ery t a l l m an , w i th as pea rhead a nd k n if e . Mo s t o ft h e b a r row s h ad b een p r ev iou s ly d i s tu rbed . 1 858 -9 - T he D u rden C o l lec t ion , n ow i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum , i n c lude s f i nd s f r om A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s o n Wye D own s t h a t w e re d ug d u r ing 1 858 -9 . T he se f i nd s i n c luded 3 g o ld p endan t s , w i th s u spen s ion l o op s , ak n if e , as pea rhead o fS wan ton 's c l a s s C 2 , ap u rp le g l a s s b ead , a nd as qua tj a ro fH a rden 's t y pe V I I Ia i i i .9 ( t he l a t te ra ppa ren t ly f r om t h e s ame g r ave a st wo o ft h e p endan t s ) . T he re w e re a l so 2c oppe r a loy p in sa nd af r agmen to fd r e s sf a b r ic . O c tober 4t h ,1 862 - Ag r ave ( g rave A ) w a s d ug o n Wye o rC runda le D own s . T he f i nd s f r om i tw e re p a r to ft h e D u rden c o l lec t ion , a nd i n c lude g o ld a nd s i lve rp endan t s . R .A . Sm i th a l so m en t ion s t h a t p a r t o f ak ey s tone b rooch c ame f r om t h i sg r ave . 1 939 - A ck royd a nd B e l lhou se , t wo s t uden t s f r om t h e a g r icu l tu ra l c o l lege a t Wye , e xcava ted a nd r e co rded a b a r row o n t h e c ha lk r i dge a tt h e n o r thern e nd o f Wye D own s ( a t TR 0 6934702 ) , a f t e r a g amekeepe r h ad d i scove red h uman b one s i n ar a bb i t b u r row . A n a ccu ra te s e c t ion o ft h e b a r row w a s m ade , b u t o n ly s ome f u r the r f r agmen t s o fb one w e re f ound . T he b a r row i t s e lf w a s c .1 . 20m i nh e igh t , w i th ad i ame te ro fc .1 0 .70m . I tw a s c on s t ruc ted o fc ha lky s o i l a nd c ha lk r ubb le . T he g rave i t s e lf w a s c u t i n to s o l id c ha lk t o ad ep th o f 0 . 76m , a nd m ea su red 2 . 75m b y 1 . 20m . I tw a s a l igned N -S , a nd f r agmen t s o f s ku l l w e r e f o und a tt h e n or th e nd . T he p ub l ished s e c t ion o f t h e b a r row s how s w ha t a ppea r st ob e as l igh ts t ep o rl e dge a l ong t h e e a s ter ne dge o ft h e f l oo ro ft h e g rave . I ts e em s l i ke ly t h a t t h e g rave h ad p rev iou s ly b een d i s tu rbed . 5 0m t ot h e s ou th -ea s t , t h e re w e re ' v ague mound s ' w h ich m ay h ave b een b a r row s . 1 963 - T he O rdnance S u rvey n o ted ag roup o fa bou t 5 7 b a r row s o n t h e s ou the rn e dge o ft h e w ood k nown a s T he J un ipe r s , a t TR 0 7 104680 . I tw a s t h ough t t h a t t h e se w e re p robab ly t ho se o pened b y Mor r i s , a s a l l h ad h o l low s i nt h e i r c en t re . T he l a rge s t w a s t h ough t l i ke ly t o b e p r eh is to r ic , b u t t h e o t he r sw e re p robab ly A ng lo -Saxon . B rad shaw s ay s t h a t s ma l l b a r row s w e re v i s ib le i nt h e J un ipe r s , b u t t h a t m any w e re d e s t royed i nt h e s t o rm o f1 987 . N one o ft h ef i nd s f r om t h i ss i te s e em t oh ave b een e a r l ie rt h an t h e 7t h c en tu ry . I ti sp robab le t h a t t h e se s i te s r e p r e sen t d i s t inc t c eme te r ie s . H oweve r , a l l a r e s i tua ted o n Wye D own s , a nd a r e i nc l o se p rox im i ty t oe ach -o the r , m ak ing t h e i rr e la t ion sh ip u nc lea r . Meaney c l a s s if ied s i te 2 85 a s Wye I( con s i s t ing o ft h eb u r ia ls a tt h e t o p a nd b o t tom o f Wye H i l l , r ough ly a t TR 0 7004653) , w h i l s t s i te 2 87 ( t he s i ng le b a r row a t TR 0 6934702 ) s h e t e rmed Wye I . H oweve r , s i te 2 86 , w h ich c on s is t s o f t h e b a r row g roup a tt h e t o p o f Wye D own s a t TR 0 71468 , i ss i tua ted b e tween t h e se t wo s i te s , r ough ly

8 7

A ppend ix 1 . 3 00m f r om e ach . T h i s b a r row g r oup w a sn o tr e f e r r ed t ob y Mean ey . A l lt h e s i te s l i ew i th in a na r ea o n t h e t o p a nd w e s t o rn o r th -we s t f a c ing s l ope o f aD own land r i dge , r o ugh ly 5 00m n or th sou th b y 3 00m e a s t -we s t . OD v a r ie s f r om a pp rox ima t e ly 9 0m a tt h e b a se o f Wy e H i l l , t o 1 35m f o rt h e s i ng le b a r row o fs i te 2 87 , t ob e tween 1 65 170m f o r t h e b a r row g r oup o n t h e r i dge t o p . T he b ed rock f o r a l s i t e s i s C ha lk . 2 88 . I . O lan t igh Moun t . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia ls i t e ,p r ima ry i nb a r row s? NGR : TR 0 5994823 . NAR : N one . Mo r r i s 1 842 ,4 8 . M in imum n o . o fg r ave s : 3 R eco rd ed g r ave s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? P re -1800 - Two s k e le ton s w e r e f o und o n t h e s i de o fO lan t igh Moun t , a bou t 1 . 50m b e low t h e s u r f a ce , w hen as unk f e nce w a s d ug . N ea rt h e s k e le ton s w e r e s a id t ob e s e v e ra l s ma l l p i ece s o fi r on , a nd t wo i r on o b jec t st h a tw e r ea ppa ren t ly s p ea rhead s . P re -1842 - M r . F o r s te r , t h e R ec to r o f C runda le , t o ld Mo r r i s t h a t w hen t h e t o p o ft h e Moun t w a s l e ve l led b y S i r R icha rd T ho rnh i l l t om ak e ab ow l ing g r een , ' b one s e t c . ' w e re f ound w i th in i t . Mo r r i s a l so n o t ed t h a to ne o rt wo o ft h eo l d e rt r ee s ,n ea rt h er o ad o nt h e Wye s i de o ft h e moun t , a ppea r ed t ob e p l an ted o nb a r row s . O lan t igh Moun ti sa n i s o la ted h i l l , s i t ua ted n ea rt h eb a se o ft h eS t ou rV a l ley ,a nd o ve r look ing t h er i ve r . I tr i se st oo ve r 5m O .D . Mo r r i sc on s ide r ed t h a ti tw a sp a r t ly a r t if i c ia l ,a nd s a y st h a t i tw a sf o rm e r ly k nown a sB a r row H i l l . 2 89 . I I . D oub tf u l i n huma t ion b u r ia l s i t e . NGR : TR 0 75450 ( a pp rox ima te ) . NAR : N one . Mo r r i s 1 842 ,2 0 . M in imum n umbe ro fg rave s : 1 .R eco rded g r av e s : 0 . L oca t ion o ff i nd s : ?P ha se s : ? 1 841 - Mo r r i sr e co rd st h a t" . . .Human b one sa nd a na n t ique d agge rw e r ed ug u pb e low t h eh i l ln ea rt h e P i ck e r sdane S p r ing . . ." . P r e sumab ly ,t h i si st h es p r ing n ea rC he l sbou rne F a rm , b e low B road D own s .

8

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 1 . B ead s . x 5 , g l a s s . 1y e l low , 2b l ue , 2r e d . A tn eck . 2 . C o in . R oman , C on s tan t ine I .

A ppend ix 2 : C a ta logue o fg raves ( S i tes A -C ) .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . R ema ined a s s o i l o u t l ine , s t a tu re c .0 . 91 m . G rave g ood s : 1 .A r rowhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . L .7 8mm .* 2 . B ead s . x 7 . Ambe r , s ma l l a nd i regu la r . A t n eck .

G rave e n t r ie s l i s ted i nb racke t s , t h u s ; ( GRAVE # ) ,h ave n o tb een i n c luded i nt h e d a taba se . U n le s s s t a ted o t herw i se , a l l g rave s a r e s i ng le i n huma t ions . A a f t e r af i nd e n t ry d eno te st h a ta n i l u s t ra t ion o ft h a tf i nd h a sb een p ub l i shed .

1 . A co l /B irch ington I .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s W-E . G rave a pp rox . 1 . 22m d eep . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e term ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo ss ." ' 2 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 3 . S pea rhead T o l ef to fs ku l l . L .2 3cm .* 4 . B uck le . I r on . D shaped l o op .* 5 . S h ie ld -g r ip . R ema in s o f b i nd ing a r ound g r ip . 6 . K n if e . R ema in s o fw ooden h and le . 7 . I r on o b jec t s . V e ry c or roded , p o s s ib ly n a i l s .

I .F ound 1 942 . ( GRAVE 1 . ) G rave 1 . 19m l o ng . 0 . 46m w ide a th ead , 0 . 6 1m a tf o o t . 0 . 71m d eep . G rave " ca ref u l ly f i n i shed , i nc l ean c ha lk" . S ke le ton i nc r ouched p o s i t ion . N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

5 . A sh I ,G i lton . I .F ound 1 759 . B . F aus se t t .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone s q u i te g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . C on ica l , c en t ra l s t ud , 3d i sc h eaded i r on r i ve t s . 2 . S pea rhead T o r i gh to fs ku l l . 3 . K n if e . N ea rr i gh th i p .

GRAVE A . G rave e xpo sed i ns i de o fs andp i t . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead

I . E xcava ted Apr i l 1l th -12 th , 1 760 . GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . " Bone s a lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T o l e f to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 3 . K n if e . 4 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i ls?

B . F aus se t t . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . S ke le ton " nea r ly d ecayed" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T o l ef to fs ku l l . L .4 6cm .* 2 . B uck le . I r on , r e c tangu la rl o op .* 3 . K n if e . L .c .1 0cm .* 4 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 2 . A x i s W-E .

G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . R ema in s o f l a rge , b u rn tw ooden c off in . I np l ace s t h ickne s s o fw ood-8cm . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e term ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p re se rved .

G rave h ad

a ppa ren t ly d i s tu rbed ac r ema t ion b u r ia l . O n ly l e gb ones s u rv ived . N og rave g ood s .

G rave g ood s : I . P in . C oppe r a l loy , r ound h ead . Among s t s ku l l f r agmen t s .* 2 . B ead s . x 9 . O paque g l a s s . A tn eck . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s . A tn eck .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s :

8 9

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . 4 . C oppe r a l loy b ow l . 2h and le s . Two -p iece t r ipod s t and . R epa i rp a t che so nb ow l . O u t s ide c of f in ,a tf oo t .*

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld ,b one sa lmo s tg one . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . F a in t t r a ce o f c of in . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . Sma l l . 2 . N a i l s . I r on ,w i th ' l a rge h ead s ' .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s SW -NE? G rave 0 . 91m d eep . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s W -E . G rave a pp rox . 1 . 22m d eep . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 18 ,o paque g l a s s . A tn eck . 2 . B ead . G la s s , b l ue w i th w h i t e s t r ipe s . L a rge . 3 . K ey . I r on , 1 .1 5cm . W i th i r on s u spen s ion r i ng .* 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s W -E . G rav e 1 . 22m d eep . C of f in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . " Bone s n ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h i e ld -bo s s . 4s i lve r -headed c oppe r a loy r i v e t so nf l ang e . I r on g r ip . 2 . S h ie ld f i t t ing s . x 3 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s , p l u so t he ri r on f r agmen t s . 3 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 4 . K n if e . S t ra igh te dge ,c u rv ing b ack . 5 . K n if e? L .2 0cm . 6 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy ,o va ll o op .* 7 . B uck l e . Wh i t em e ta l .* 8 .S wo rd B lade 7 9cm l o ng ,6 cm w ide . Wood r ema in so nh i l t . O nr i gh ts i de .* 9 . S pea rf e r ru l e . T o r i gh t o f f e e t . L eng th f r om t i po fs p ea r= 1 .83m .*

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . G r av e h ad d i s t u rbed a c r ema t ion . F ragm en t s o f u r n , t o g e the r w i th b u rn t b one , h ad b een c o l lec t ed a nd p l aced a t SW c o rne ro fg rave . S k e le ton f a i r ly w e l lp r e ser ved . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on ,r e c tangu la rl o op . 2 . B uck l e . I r on , r e c tangu la rl o op . 3 . K n if e . 4 . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .D ice . x 2 , i v o ry o rb one . N ea rn eck .*

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 91 m d eep . C of in . P o t t e ry s h e rd s , p robab ly r e s idua l f r om d i s tu rbed c r ema t ion . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of f in . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 3 . S pea rf e r ru le . T o r i gh t o f b ody , o u t s ide c of in . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing . L ay t o g e the r w i th ( 4 ) , a nd p robab ly w rapped i ns ame c l o th . L eng th f r om t i po f( 1 )= o ve r 1 . 83m . 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e . T o r i gh t o fb ody . T ex t i le r ema in s a dhe r ing . W i th ( 3 ) . L eng th f r om t i p o f( 2 )= 1 . 37m . 5 . S eax . B lade I .2 6cm .* 6 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue , t r i angu la rp l a t ew i th t h r ee r i ve t s . T h r ee g a r ne t s a nd a g r een i sh s t one i n la id o n s h ie ld -on t o ngue .* 7 . K n ive s . x 2 . Sma l l . 8 .I r on f ragmen t s . N a i l s?

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of f i n . S k e le ton f a i r ly w e l l p r e se rved , b u t s ku l l " qu i te d ecayed" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . C of f in , t h ick p ane l s , a nd b ur n t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a loy . Among s t s ku l l f r agmen t s . 2 . B ead s . x 7 . 6a mbe r , i regu la r ly s h aped , 1 l a rge g l a s s , g r een w i th y e l low s t r ipe s . Among s ts ku l lf r agmen t s .

9 0

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 3 . B rooch . S i lve r K en t i sh d i sc b rooch . A t n eck . ( Aven tc o rpu sn o . 8 0 ,C la s s 3 . 1) .* 4 . C hä te la ine . C omp lex o f i r on c ha in a nd i mp lemen t s . A th ip .* 5 . K n if e . Sma l l . 6 . G la s s v e s se l . G reen . B roken b y s pade . A t f e e t ,o u t s ide c off in . 7 . C opper a l loy b ow l . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c off in . W i th s t and . 8 .I r on o b jec t s . N a i ls?

5 . B uck le . G i l t c oppe r -a l loy . G a rne t se t s h ie ld -on tongue . T r iangu la r p l a te w i th g o ld f i l ig ree .* 6 . B uck le -p la te . T r iangu la r c oppe r a l loy b uck le -p la te , w i th g o ld f i l ig ree .* 7 . B e l t -p la te . R ec tangu la r c oppe r a loy b e l t p l a te , w i th g o ld f i l ig ree .* 8 . S t rap -end G i l tc oppe ra l loy .* 9 . F i t t ing s . x 2 , g i l t c oppe r a l loy , S t y le I z oomo rph ic o rnamen t . P o s s ib ly a t tached t o h i l to fs wo rd .* 1 0 . K n if e . L a rge rt h an ( 1 1) . 1 . K n if e . 1 2 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i l s? 1 3 . P o t te ry v e sse l . O u t s ide f oo t o f c off in . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion . B lack .

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . T race s o f c of f in . C h i ld ,s ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 9 . 5y e l low o paque g l a s s , 4 i regu la r ly s haped . 2 . K n if e . Sma l l .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . R ema in s o f t h ick , b u rn t c off in . F ragmen t s o f c r ema t ion u rn d i s tu rbed i nf i l l . " Bone s q u i te d ecayed" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . C on ica l . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 2 , d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . K n if e . L a rge rt h an ( 5 ) . 5 . K n if e . 6 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . O va l l o op . 7 . B uck le . I r on , l a rge , D shaped l o op . 8 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i ls a nd o t he rf r agmen t s .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C off in , b ur n t . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pearhead . T or i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . C on ica l . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 2 , d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . K n if e . 5 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i ls?

I I . E xcava ted J une 1 6 th -18 th , 1 760 . B .F ausse t t .

GRAVE 2 5 . A x is S -N . N o d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . " Bone s a lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead Sma l l . O n l e f ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pearhead . O nr i gh ts i de o fh ead . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 4s i lve r -p la ted d i sc -headed c oppe ra l loy r i ve t s o n f l ange . L ong g r ip . 3 .S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 4 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s .

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s S -N . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep , n ea r ly p a ra l le l t og rave 2 5 . " Bone s n ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n ive s . x 2 . 2 . B uck le . I r on , s ma l l .

4 . B uck le . I r on , l a rge . 5 . K n if e . GRAVE 2 3 . A x is W-E . G rave 1 . 22m d eep .

R ema in s o f

l a rge a nd t h ick c of in , b u r n t . F emu r s a nd p a r to fo ne a rm o n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead F ound w i th ( 2 ) i n b e tween s i des o fc off in , b u t p ro je c t ing b eyond h ead o f c off in . May h ave b een l a id o n c off in l i d .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x is W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C off in . No d e ta i l s o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 9 7 , C la s s 3 . 3 ) . A tt h en eck .* 2 . P endan t . G o ld , w i th s u spen s ion l mop . F i l ig ree d eco ra t ion . A tn eck .*

T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing . 2 . S pearhead F ound w i th ( 1 ) . T ex t i le r ema ins a dhe r ing . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th 4 s i lve r -p la ted d i sc -

3 . B ead s . x 18 . G la s s . A tt h en eck .

h eaded r i ve t so nf l ange . L ong g r ip . 4 . S word .

9 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . 5 . P o t te r yv e s se l . V e ry s ma l l , b l a ck . O u t s id e f o o to fc o f f in . F e l lt op i ece su pon e x cava t ion .

4 . R ing s . 5o r 6 . S i lv e r w i re , s l ip -kno t . A t t h en eck .* 5 . K n if e . B lade o n ly . ' Sma l l ' . 6 . I r on c ha in . Many l i nk s . 7 . P in s . x 4 . C oppe ra l loy . L . 4 cm . F u sed t o c ha in l i nk s( 6 ) .* 8 . G la s s v e s se l . G r een , w i th d oub le s p i ra l c o rd . B roken a f t e re xcava t ion . O u t s ide c off in a tf o o t . 9 .I r on n a i l s? S eve ra l . N ea r( 8 ) .

GRAVE 3 . A x i sW -E . G rave 1 .1 . 22m ,d .0 . 61m . P robab le c h i ld ," bone sq u i te g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o ts he rd s . R ed f a b r ic . P o s s ib ly r e s idua l . GRAVE 3 4 . A x i sW -E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C of f i n . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rh ead O nl ef ts i de . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . C on ica l . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 , i r on d i sc -head ed s t ud s . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , r e c tangu la r l o op , s h id ld -on tongue .* 5 . K n ive s . x 2 . 6 . N a i l s . I r on ,s eve ra l .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . R ema in s o f s ub s tan t ia lb u rn tc offm o nr i gh ts i de . L ef ts i de p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O n r i gh t , o u t s ide c of i n . L ong a ngu la rb l ad e . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing .* 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . O nr i gh ts i de a tf o o t . L eng th f r om t i po f( 1 )= a lmo s t2 . 13m . 3 . B uck e t -moun t s . O penwo rk c oppe r a loy . Wood a t ta ched .*

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s SW -NE? G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sd e cayed" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 3 . B uck l e . I r on , D shaped l o op . 4 . K n if e . B lade 2 0 .4cm l o ng . S t r a igh t e dg e , c u rved b ack .*

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . " Bon e sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 3 0 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead A tr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck l e . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 3 . K n ive s . x 2 . 4 . P o t s he rd s . L a rge b l a ck v e s se l . r e s idua l .

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s SW -NE? G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep , p a ra l le l t o g r ave 3 5 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nl ef ts i de . P o s s ib ly GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s SW -NE? G rave 0 . 76m d eep , p a ra l le l t o g r ave 3 6 . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave 1 .0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 6 1m . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 7 , a mbe r , i regu la r ly s haped . A t n eck . 2 . C o in . R oman , D ioc le t ian . P e rf o ra ted f o r s u spen s ion . F ound a mong s tb ead sa tn eck .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i sW -E . G r ave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of i n . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O u t s ide c of in . L ong g r ip . 4 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 5 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . Ova l l o op , s h ie ld o n tongue . R ing -and -do t p unche s o n t o ngu e a nd l o op .* 6 . K n if e . L a rg e rt h an ( 7 ) . 7 . K n if e .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave 1 .1 . 07m ,d .0 . 76m . C of f i n . P robab le c h i ld . " Bone sq u i t eg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 9 , 5a mbe r , 4y e l low o paque g l a s s . 2 . K n if e . Sma l l . 3 . R ing s . x 2 ,s i lve rw i r e , s l ip -kno t s . 4 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i l s?

9 2

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes A -C . 8 . S pear f er ru le? ' Broken ' .

1 0 . G la s sv e sse l . G reen g l a s s . A t f e e t , o u t s ide

9 . N a i l s . I r on , b road h ead s .

c of in . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

GRAVE 3 9 .

GRAVE 4 2 .

A x i s W-E . G rave 0 .91 m d eep . C of in . " Bones g one" . G rave g oods : 1 .S pearhead . O nr i gh ts i de o fc of in .

A x is W -E . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . C of f in , b urn t . " Bone s n ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 27 . 2 6 s ma l l g l a s s , 1l a rge p o lych rome g l a s s w i th r e d s t r ipes . A ppa ren t ly

2 . S h ie ld -boss . 4s i lve r -p la ted d i sc -headed r i ve t s . L ong g r ip . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 i r on d i sc -headed s t ud s . 4 . B uck le . Wh i te me ta l . m i s s ing . 5 . K n if e . L a rge rt han ( 6 ) .

s t rung o n w i re . Among s tt h et e e th . 2 . B rooch . C ompos i te d i sc ( Aven t c orpu s n o .

Ova l l o op , t ongue

1 75 , c l a ss 2 ) . b ead s .* 3 . K n if e .

6 . K n if e . 7 . N a i l s . I r on , ' s evera l ' .

4 . 5 . 6 . 7 .

8 . S pear f er ru le? F ragmen ta ry .

A t r i gh t b rea s t , 1 5cm b e low

C ha in l i nk s . Sma l l . C hä te la ine? K ey . I r on . L . 1 5cm . K ey? I r on , a bou t7 . 5cm l o ng . I r on o b jec t s . Na i ls?

GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 .91 m d eep . C off in . " Bones n ea r ly g one" .

GRAVE 4 3 . A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 91 m d eep . C rema t ion u rn

G rave g oods :

d i s tu rbed i ng rave f i l l .

1 .S pearhead . On r i gh t , o u t s ide c off in .

" Bone sn ea r ly g one" .

2 . S h ie ld -bos s . W i th g r ip .

G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 4 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . B uck le . C opper a l loy . Two f o rk l ike s hank s .* 5 . B uck le . A s( 4 ) . 6 . B ind ing s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy , d oub led , w i th r i ve t .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x is W -E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . " Bone s n ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 5 , s ma l l o paque g l a ss .

7 . K n if e . L a rge . B lade 1 .2 3cm . 8 . K n ive s . x 2 , s ma l le rt h an ( 7 ) . 9 . C o in . R oman , An ton inu s P iu s . 1 0 . P o t tery v e sse l . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c off in .

GRAVE 4 5 .

B lack f ab r ic , n a r row n eck . d u r ing e xcava t ion .

" Bone sn ea r ly g one" .

A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 91 m d eep .

F e l l t o p i ece s

G rave g oods : 1 .S pea rhead . O n l ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s W-E .

G rave 1 . 22m d eep .

3 . G la ss v e sse l . F ragmen t s o f . G reen g l a ss .

R ema ins o f

v e ry t h ick c off in , b u rn t . GRAVE 4 6 .

A du l t , s ex n o t d e term ined . S ke le ton v ery w e l l p r e served .

A x is W -E . G rave 0 . 91 m d eep .

G rave g ood s :

" Bones n ea r ly g one" .

1 . B rooch .

G rave g ood s :

S i lve r K en t i sh d i sc ( Aven t c o rpus

I .A r rowhead s . x 2 . O n l ef ts i de . 2 . K n ive s . x 2 .

n o . 1 5 , C la s s 1 . 2 ) . B e low n eck , a mong s t( 5 ) .* 2 . B ead . Ame thy s td rop . B ys ku l l . 3 . C o in .

G o ld t r em i s s i s , J u s t in ian I . I n o r GRAVE 4 7 . A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C of in .

n ea rg la ss v es se l ( 10 ) . P e rf o ra ted .* 4 .

B ead s .

x 38 .

3 5 s ma l l g l a s s b ead s , 3

p o lych rome g l a ss b ead s . N ea rn eck .

S ke le ton w e l lp rese rved .

5 . R ing s . 5o r 6 . B e low n eck .

G rave g ood s :

S i lve r w i re s l ip -kno t s .

1 .

7 .

C hä te la ine .

B ead s .

x 19 .

G la ss ,

s ma l l ,

p o lych rome .

6 . B e l t -f i t t ing? S i lve r r e c tangu la r p l a te . O pen -work b i rd d es ign . R oman? N ea r( 1 ) .*

2 . B ead s . x 3 . Ambe r , l a rge . 3 . K n if e . L a rger t h an ( 4 ) .

C omp lex o f i r on c ha in a nd

i mp lemen t s , a th ip .

4 . K n if e .

8 . K n if e . Sma l l . 9 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . Sma l l .

6 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i ls?

5 . S hear s . I r on , a tf e e t , o u t s ide c of in .

9 3

s ome

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C .

GRAVE 5 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . B ur n tc of in . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : I . B ead s . x 16 , g l a s s . 7r ed , 4b l ue , 3y e l low , a nd 2g r een . 2 . B ead G la s s ,r e da nd w h i te . 3 . K ey . I r on ,w i th s u spen s ion l o op . 4 . B o l t -p la t e . I r on , w ood a t ta ch ed . F rom b ox .* 5 . G la s s v e s se l . B a se c up . A t f e e t , i n s ide c off in .*

GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . R ema in s o f t h ick ,b u rn tc of in . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T o r i gh t o f c off in . L ong a ngu la rb l ade . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . W i th l o ng g r ip . 3 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . x 10 , s i lv e r -p la t ed , d i sc h eaded c oppe ra l loy s t ud s / r ive t s . 4 . B rooch . S cand inav ian s i lve r r e l ief b r ooch w i th s qua r e h ead , d i sc -on -bow , a nd S t y le I o r nam en t . I n comp le te ,b u tf r e sh c ond i t ion .* 5 . K n i ve s . x 2 . 6 . S i l ve rf ragmen t . Z oomo rph ic o r namen t .* 7 . S wo rd Wood r ema in so fh i l ta nd s c abba rd . I n s ide c off in . 8 .I r on o b jec t s . N a i l s?

GRAVE 5 3 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rh ead O n l e f ts i de . 2 . K n ive s . x 2 .

GRAVE 4 9 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 16 ,s ma l lg l a s s . 2 . K n if e . Sma l l .

GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . I r on l i nk s . x 2 ,r u s ted t o ge the r . 3 . K n if e . L a rge rt h an ( 4 ) . 4 . K n if e . 5 . B uck l e . I r on l o op , c oppe r a loy p l a t e a nd t o ngue .*

I V . E xcava ted S ep tember 2 8 th -30 th , 1 762 . B .F au s se t t . GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of i n , b u rn t . C r ema t ion d i s tu rbed ; b rok en u r n a nd b one s p l a ced a tf o o to fg r ave . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O n r i gh t s i de , o u t s ide c of i n . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th l o ng g r ip . 3 .S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . B uck l e . I r on , l a rge ,D shaped l o op . 5 . K n if e . L a rge rt h an ( 6 ) . 6 . K n if e . 7 . C o in s . x 2 ,R oman ; A ugu s tu s ,a nd T ibe r iu s . Among s t r ema in s o fc r ema t ion u r n ; m ay h ave b een r e s idua l . 8 . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a loy , w i th s u spen s ion l o op . F ound a mong s t r ema in s o f c r ema t ion u r n ; m ay h ave b een r e s idua l .

GRAVE 5 A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . d i s t u rbed c r ema t ion u r n . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 3 . K n if e .

F r agmen t s o f

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of f i n . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd S i lve r -g i l t c ocked -ha tp omme l w i th n i e l lo d eco r a t ion . O n l e f ts i de , i n s ide c of i n .* 2 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de , o u t s ide c off in . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th l o ng g r ip . 4s i l ve r -p la t ed d i sc -headed r i ve t s o n f l ange . 4d i s c -head ed i r on s h ie ld s tud sa l so . 4 . S eax . L .3 0cm . O nl e f ts i de , i n s ide c of in . 5 . B uck le . I r on . ' La rg e ' ,D shaped l o op . 6 . B uck le s . x 2 , ' sma l l ' ,c oppe ra loy . 7 . K n if e . 8 . K n if e . 9 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 5 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nl e f ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . R ing s . x 2 . 1i r on , d i a . 6 cm , 1c oppe ra loy , d i a .2 . 5cm .

9 4

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . Sma l l . 5 . N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . R ema in so ff emu r so n ly . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i d e . 2 . K n if e . 3 .I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 91m d e ep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . S pea rhead O nl ef ts i de . 3 . B uck l e . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n ive s . x 2 . 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,s ma l l . GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of f in . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nl e f ts i de . 2 . A r rowhead O n l e f ts i de . 3 . S eax . 4 . K n ive s . x 2 . 5 . N a i l s . I r on , ' s eve ra l ' . 6 . G la s s v e s se l . F ragmen t s o f ' wh i te g l a s s u r n ' , d i s tu rbed .

GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s W -E . G rave u nde r 0 . 6 1m d eep . C of in , " ve ry s ho r t " . C h i ld . S ke le ton e n t i r e ly d ecompo sed . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 9 , 7g l a s s , 2a mbe r . 2 . K n if e . S ma l l . GRAVE 6 0 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C of in , s ho r t b u tv e ry t h ick ,b u rn t . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 10 , 7g l a s s , 3a mbe r . 2 . R ing . I r on . D iame te r5 cm . 3 . K n if e . R ema in so fi v o ry o rb one h and le . 4 . P o t tery v e s se l . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c of in . D e sc r ibed a s" s ha l low p l a t e , o rp a te ra " . B la ck f a b r ic , f e l lt op i ece sw hen r emov ed .

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C of f in . " Bone sa lmo s td ecayed" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O n r i gh t , o u t s ide c of i n . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th l o ng g r ip . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . S word Wood r ema in so nh i l t . 5 . S ca le sa nd b a lance .* 6 . W e igh t s . x 19 c oppe r a loy . I n c lude s R oman c o in s .* 7 . T ouch s tone . S qua r ep i ece .* 8 . K n if e . L a rge rt h an ( 9 ) . 9 . K n if e . 1 0 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 1 . N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C of f in . J uv en i le /young a du l t ? S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i d e . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th l o ng g r ip . 3 .S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . B uck l e . I r on ,D shaped l o op . 5 . K n ive s . x 2 . 6 .S pea rf e r ru l e . ' B rok en ' . 7 .N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of i n . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 20 . 1 9 s ma l l g l a s s , 1l a rge p o lych rome g l a s s . A tt h en eck . 2 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy , R oman d i sc b r ooch . B e low b ead s .* 3 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of f in , s ho r t . C h i ld . " Bone sa lmo s tg one " . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc ( Av en t C la s s 2 . 3 , c o rpu sn o .4 5 ) . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 15 . 1s ma l lg l a s s , 4a mbe r . 3 . K n if e . ' Sma l l '.

GRAVE 6 8 .

9 5

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . A x i s SW -NE? " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L .2 5cm .

2 . K n ive s . x 2 . 3 . B uck l e . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 4 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 7 4 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C of f in ,s ho r t . C h i ld? " Bone se n t i re ly g one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of i n . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 19 . G la s s , ' sma l l ' . A tn eck . 2 . B rooch / pendant G i l t -coppe r a loy . I n te r la ced d eco ra t ion , c en t ra l c i rcu la r g a rne t s e t t ing . A tn eck ,s l igh t ly b e low b ead s .* 3 . K n ive s . x 2 . 4 . N a i l s . I r on ,s e ve ra l .

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n ive s . x 2 . 2 . R ing . I r on . D iame te r8 cm . GRAVE 7 6 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of f in . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing s . S i lve r w i r e s l ip -kno t s . ' S ev e ra l ' , n ea rn eck . 2 . B ead s . x 14 . 1 2 g l a s s , 1p o ly ch rome c y l inde r , r e d a nd y e l low s t r ipe s , 1w h i te a nd c l ea rg l a s s . N ea rn eck . 3 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc ( Aven tc o rpu sn o . 9 6 , c l a s s3 . 3 ) . N ea rb ead sa tn eck . D amag ed .* 4 . K n ive s . x 2 . 5 . K ey . I r on . 6 . C hä t e la ine . Many s ma l l i r on l i nk s , p l u s g i rd le -hang e ra nd c oppe ra loy p i n s .* 7 . N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 7 0 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 20 . 1 8s ma l l g l a s s , 1l a rg e , 1b l ue a nd w h i te g l a s s . A tn eck . 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy , R oman d i sc . A t n eck , l owe rt h an b ead s . 3 . G la s sf ragmen t s . O fd i s tu rbed g r een g l a s s v e s se l . 4 . K n if e . 5 .N a i l s . ' S eve ra l ' . GRAVE 7 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of f in . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de ,o u t s ide c off in . 2 . S pea rhead O nl e f ts i de ,o u t s ide c off in . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th l o ng g r ip . 4 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 4d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 5 . K n ive s . x 2 . 6 .I r on o b jec t s . C o r roded . 7 . N a i l s . ' S eve ra l ' .

GRAVE 7 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved ,t e e th s ugge s t ' o ld p e r son ' . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O n l e f ts i de . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th g r ip . 3 .S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 , d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . B uck l e . I r on . ' La rge ' . 5 . K n i ve s . x 2 . 6 . S pea rf e r ru le .

V . E xcava ted Augu s t8 th -lO th , 1 763 . B .F au s se t t . GRAVE 7 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C of in . " Bon e sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 7 9 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . I r on ,d i ame t e r8 cm .

GRAVE 7 3 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sq u i te g on e" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de .

9 6

e l l S k e le ton w

e l l S k e le ton w

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes A -C . 2 . K n if e . ' La rge ' . 3 . K n ive s . x 2 .

GRAVE 8 4 .

GRAVE 8 0 .

A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 91 m d eep . " Bones n ea r ly d ecayed" .

A x i s W-E . G rave 0 .91 m d eep . C rema t ion u rn

G rave g ood s : 1 .S pearhead O n l ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s .

d i s tu rbed i nf i l l , a l ong w i th b ones . " Bone s a lmos tg one" . G rave g oods : 1 .A r rowhead . O n r i gh t , n ea rh ip . 2 . K n ive s . x 2 .

GRAVE 8 5 .

3 . N a i l s . I r on , s eve ra l . C off in n a i ls? 4 . R ing . C oppe r a l loy , b roken .

A x is W-E . G rave 0 .91 m d eep . " Bone s n ea r ly g one" .

F ound

a mong s tc r ema t ion u rn , m ay b er e s idua l .

No g rave g oods .

GRAVE 8 1 . A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 91 m d eep . C off in . G rave

GRAVE 8 6 .

" Bone sn ea r ly g one" .

A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 91 m d eep . " Bone s g one" . G rave g oods :

G rave g oods : 1 . B rooch . K en t ish d i sc ( Aven t C la s s 2 . 4 ,

1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' .

c orpu sn o . 5 3) . A tn eck , b e low ( 3 ) .* 2 . B ead s . x 21 . 1 5 s ma l l g l a ss , 2 g l a s s

a l loy . I n te r l inked .

d oub les , p o lych rome b lue /wh i te , 4a mber . 3 . R ing s . 4o r 5 ,s i lve r s l ip -kno t w i re . N ea r n eck .

GRAVE 8 7 . A x is W-E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C off in , b ur n t .

4 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' .

" Bones d ecayed" .

5 . C hä te la ine . I r on c ha in , c oppe ra l loy p i n s . 6 . N a i l s . I r on .

G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 8 2 .

N eck a r ea , l owe rt h an b eads .* 3 . C hä te la ine . I r on l i nk s r each ing d own f r om

o ve r lay g rave 8 2 .

3 . R ing s .

x 2 .

1i r on , d i ame te r 8 cm , 1c oppe r

I . B ead s . x 15 , g l a ss . A t n eck . 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy , R oman d i sc b rooch .

A x i s W-E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C off in . G rave

w a is t f o r a bou t 0 . 61 m . C oppe r a l loy p i n s a nd i n s t rumen t s a t tached a te nd .

u nde r lay g rave 8 1 . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g oods :

4 . K n if e .

1 .S pearhead . O nr i gh ts i de .

5 . N a i l s . ' Long ' .

2 . S h ie ld -boss . W i th 4 s i lve r -p la ted d i sc h eaded r i ve t s o n f l ange , a nd g r ip . B o s s

6 . C of f in -c lamps . x 4 , i r on , 2r i ve t se ach .* 7 . I r on o b jec t s . U n iden t if ied .

d amaged p r io rt ob u r ia l . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , o va l l o op a nd s h ie ld o n tongue .* 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 8 8 .

5 . N a i l s . I r on , ' s eve ra l ' .

G rave g ood s : I .S pearhead O nr i gh ts i de .

A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bones a lmos tg one" .

6 . S pear f erru le? I nf r agmen t s .

2 . B uck le . G i l t -copper a l loy . F ixed p l a te w i th GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C off in , b urn t .

h ook a nd p e rf o ra t ion a to ppos i te e nd t ol o op .*

P robab le j uven i le /young a du l t .

4 . K n ive s . x 2 .

3 . B e l t -r ive t s . x 2 , s hoe shaped . C oppe ra l loy .

S ke le ton w e l l

p r e served , t e e th ' s ound ' .

5 . S pear f erru le .

G rave g ood s :

6 . N a i l s . ' Long ' . C off in n a i ls?

1 .S pearhead . On r i gh ts i de . 2 . S pearhead . O nr i gh ts i de .

GRAVE 8 9 .

3 . S h ie ld -bo ss . 4i r on r i ve t so nf l ange . 4 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 , d i sc -headed i r on s t uds . 5 . B r id le -f i t t ing s? x 2 , i r on s t r ip s w i th c ha in s

A x is W-E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C off in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e term ined . S ke le ton w e l l p re served , t e e th ' much w or nd own ' . G rave g ood s :

a t tached . C o in o fN e ro r i ve ted t oo ne s t r ip .

1 . S pearhead On r i gh t , o u t s ide c off in . L ong

6 . K n ive s . x 2 . 7 .

G la ss v e sse l .

C law -beake r .

a ngu la rb lade .

D amaged

2 . A rm le t . C oppe ra l loy . On u ppe rl ef ta rm .*

d u r ing e xcava t ion . A tf oo t , o u t s ide c of in .*

9 7

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 8 . R ing . S i lve r . I nb ox? P o s s ib ly = b uck le l o op?* 9 . C oppe ra l loy o b jec t s . x 2 . I nb ox?* 1 0 . N a i l s . 1 . I r on o b jec t s .

3 . S h i e ld -bo s s . W i th 4 s i lve r -p la ted d i sc h eaded r i ve t so nf l ang e ,a nd l o ng g r ip . 4 . S h i e ldfi t ing s . x 3 d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 5 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . R oman ; t wo n a tu ra l i s t ic a n ima lf i gu r e s .* 6 . S wo rd . W i th w ood r ema in so fs c abba rd . 7 . K n i ve s . x 2 . 8 .N a i l s . ' Long ' . 9 . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 9 5 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of i n . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' . 3 . N a i l s . ' s eve ra l '.

GRAVE 9 0 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy , c a s t o va l l o op , c l ub s h aped t o ngue .* 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 9 6 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 1 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C r ema t ion u r n d i s tu rbed i nf i l l . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B e l t r ive t s . x 2 ,c oppe ra loy ,s hoe shaped . 2 . K n ive s . x 2 .

GRAVE 9 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . R ing . I r on . 3 . K n if e . 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e . A pp rox . 1 . 07m f r om t i p o f s p ea rhead .

GRAVE 9 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C of f in , s ho r t . C h i ld . " Bone sg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 7 . 4s ma l lo paque g l a s s , 3a mbe r . 2 . K n if e . Sma l l .

GRAVE 9 8 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck l e . S ma l l , i r on . 3 . C oppe ra l loy i n s t rumen t s . x 2 .

GRAVE 9 3 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C of f in ,b u rn t . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nl e f ts i de . 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy a nnu la r b rooch , p i n m i s s ing . Wo rn c ond i t ion .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 4 . K n ive s . x 2 .

GRAVE 9 9 . A x i s SW -NE? G rave 0 . 76m d eep . 2s k e le ton s? 9 9a : " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . 9 9b : " Bon e sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead . O paque g l a s s , l a rge , s t r iped . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 9 4 . A x i sW -E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C off in , b u rn t . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 14 . G la s s , 1 3 s ma l l , 1l a rg e . A t n eck . 2 . K n ive s . x 2 . 3 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on ,a tf e e t . 4 . B ox -f i t t ing s . x 2 , i r on h i ng e s . I nc off in .* 5 . K ey . I r on . I nb ox? 6 . H ook . I r on ,w i th s u spen s ion r i ng . L . 1 5 cm . I nb ox?* 7 . M i r ror . A l loy . P o l i shed . W i th h and le . R oman . I nb ox?*

GRAVE 1 00 . A x i s SW -NE? P a ra l le l t og r ave 9 9 , a nd c l o se t oi t . G rav e0 . 76m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . " Bone s m o r e p e rf ec t " . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . Sma l l , i r on . GRAVE 1 0 1 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C of f in .

9 8

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes A -C . " Bones n ea r ly g one" .

No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s ke le ton

G rave g oods : 1 .S pearhead . On l ef ts i de . 2 . K n ives . x 2 .

G rave g ood s f r om v a r iou s c o l lec t ion s , t hough tt oh ave b een f r om as i ng le g rave .

3 . R ing . I r on . 4 . N a i l s . ' Seve ra l ' .

1 . B rooch . C ompo s i te d i sc ( Aven t C la ss 2 , c orpu s n o . 1 53) .*

5 . P o t tery v e sse l . Na r row -necked j a r . A t f oo t ,

2 . B ead s . x 2 . Ame thy s t .* 3 . C opper a l loy b ow l . W i th c oppe r a l loy b a se .* 4 . A xe -head F ranc isca . F ound c l o se t o b ow l .*

r e co rded . b u t

G rave g ood s :

o u t s ide c off in . GRAVE 1 02 . A x is W-E . G rave 0 .91 m d eep . " Bone sn ea r ly g one" .

5 . W e igh t s . C oppe r a l loy , a nd 1l e ad , p l us 2 R oman c o in s . U sed a sw e ight s f o rb a lance .*

G rave g ood s : 1 .S pearhead . O n l ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e .

6 . S ca le s a nd b a lance .*

3 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' .

8 . B ucke t . C oppe r a l loy b ind ing , w ooden h and le . F ound w i th s ca les . 9 . G la ss v e sse l . P a lm c up . ' P robab ly ' f r om t h is g rave .*

7 . T ouchs tone . F ound w i th s ca le s .

4 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 1 03 . A x is W-E . G rave 0 .91m d eep . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e term ined . p r e se rved .

S ke le ton w e l l

V I I . F ound May 0-7 t h, 1 783 .

N o g r ave g ood s .

GRAVE D ( Doug la s 's ' Tumu lus X I I I ') . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

GRAVE 1 04 .

S ke le ton " crumb led a way" .

A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C of in . " Bones n ea r ly g one" .

G rave g oods : 1 . B rooch . K en t ish d i sc ( Aven t c orpu s n o .

G rave g ood s :

1 25 , c l a ss 6 . 2 ) .

I .S pearhead On r i gh ts i de . 2 . K n if e .

A t n eck , i n c en t re o f b ead s .

O n ly T shaped g arne t s u rv ives .* 2 . B ead s . x 33 , g l a ss a nd a me thy s t ( 1 1 a me thy s t ) . A t n eck .*

3 . N a i l s . ' S eve ra l '.

3 .

GRAVE 1 05 .

K n if e .*

4 . P o t tery v e sse l . f e e t .*

A x is W-E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bones n ea r ly g one" .

5 .

G rave g ood s :

I r on f ragmen t s .

D a rk g rey f a b r ic . x 2 .

A t

P o s s ib ly p a r t o f

c ha te la ine . C ove red w i th t e x t i le i mp re ss ions .*

1 .S pearhead On l ef ts i de . 2 . K n ives . x 2 .

GRAVE E .

3 . B uck le . I r on , s ma l l .

A x is SW -NE . No d e ta i ls o fg rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded .

GRAVE 1 06 . A x i s W-E . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C off in .

G rave g ood s :

1 .K n ives . x 2 .

1 .S h ie ld -boss . P lus l o ng g r ip a nd s t uds . N ea r l ef tc he s t .* 2 . S pea rhead A ts hou lder . L eng th 2 3cm .* 3 . K n if e . L eng th 1 2cm .*

2 . N a i l s . " Seve ra l l o ng b road -headed n a i l s" .

4 .

" Bones a lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s :

P o t tery v es se l .

Whee l th rown b o t t le , a t

f e e t .*

V I .

F ound

1 771 ,

d ur ing

s and V I I I . F ound 1 957 ,i np r iva te g arden .

q uarry ing .

GRAVE 1 07 .

( GRAVE B ( Doug la s 's ' Tumu lus V I I ') . )

No d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton a cqu i red .

N o d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded .

G rave g ood s :

G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -boss . S i lve rp l a ted d i sc a pex .* 2 . 3 .

I .S word Wooden s cabba rd . 2 . G la s s v es se l . g l a ss . 3 . G la ss v e sse l . c o lou r .

S pearhead? P robab ly f r om t h is g rave . S pearhead? P robab ly f r om t h i s g rave .

( GRAVE C ( Doug la s 's ' Tumu lu s XV ') .)

9 9

P ouch b o t t le . G reen ish -go ld P ouch b o t t le . G reen i sh -go ld

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C .

I X . F ound d ur ing b u i ld ing w ork , s ou th s i de o fG i l ton M i l l ,J une 1 973 .

GRAVE I 0 1 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . A du l tf ema le . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 08 . No d e ta i l so fg rave . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . H yb r id p l a ted d i sc / compo s i te b rooch ( Aven tC la s s M i sce l laneou s , c o rpu s n o .

GRAVE 1 0 2 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . 2s ke le ton s : 1 0 2A : A du l tm a le . 1 02B : i mma tu re s ex u nde te rm ined . No g rave g ood s .

1 92 ) .* 2 . B ead s . x 14 , a mbe ra nd g l a s s . 3 . P endan t . G o ld ,c r e scen t ic . H a lf o f .*

X . E xcava ted 1 975 . M . We lch .

GRAVE 1 0 3 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . A ge a nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . No g rave g ood s .

D . B rown a nd

GRAVE 1 0 4 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

( GRAVES 1 09 122 . ) R eco rd sn o ta cqu i red .

GRAVE 1 0 5 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . N o d e ta i ls o fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded .

6 . A sh I ,R ichborough .

N og rave g ood s .

I . F ound d ur ing e xcava t ion s o f R oman f or t , 1 928 .

GRAVE 1 0 6 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . N od e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t ma le . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 . G rave c u ti n to f i l lo fC laud ian d i tch . A du l tm a le ,p rone . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . L eaf shaped b l ade w i th m id r ib , c l o sed s ocke t , L .2 2cm .* 2 . S word . H o rn -moun ted h i l t .* 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s ." 4 . B ow l . P ew te r , l a te -Roman t y pe .*

GRAVE 1 0 7 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 51 m d eep . 2s ke le ton s : I 07A : Adu l tm a le . I 07B : A du l tm a le . No g rave g ood s .

8 . A shford I .

GRAVE 1 0 8 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 31 m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 1 0 9 . A x i s .I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 51m d eep .

I .F ound p r ior t o1 856 . GRAVE 1 . No d e ta i l so fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded .

S ex a nd a g en o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s c l aw -beake r . O l ive g r een , 3r ow s o f 4c l aw se ach .* 2 . W eapon s . L o s t .

GRAVE I 1 0 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . A du l t m a l e , a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s ,

1 1 . A v lesford I ,E cc les . I . F ound b ef ore 1 971 , e xcava t ion so fR oman V i l la .

v i r tua l ly c omp le te . No g rave g ood s .

d ur ing

GRAVE 1 2 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 1 . G rave 0 . 31 m d eep . S ex a nd a g en o td e term ined .

1 00

s ke le ton

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . S ex a nd a ge n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 13 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 1 . G rave 0 . 3 1m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 4 . I nD i tch V I I . N od e ta i l so fg r ave d e t e rm ined . 2s k e le ton s : I 2 4A : a du l tf ema le . I 2 4B : a du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 14 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 1 . G rave 0 . 3 1m d eep . S ex a nd a ge n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 5 . I nD i t ch V I I . G rave 0 . 28m d eep . A du l tf ema le . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S pea rhead .

GRAVE 15 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 1 . G rave 0 . 38m d eep . A du l t ma le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 6 . I nR oom 1 2 1 . G rave 0 . 28m d eep . 2s k e le ton s : I 2 6A : i mma tu re ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . I 2 6B : s e xa nd a ge n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt r ench 0 14 / 1 . D ep th 0 . 20m . N oo t he rd e ta i l sd e te rm ined . GRAVE 16 . I nt r ench 0 14 /2 . G rave 0 . 15m d eep . I mma tu re , s e xn o td e te rm in ed . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 8 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton d e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 17 . I nt r ench 0 14 /2 . G rave 0 . 15m d eep . 3s k e le ton s : I l 7A : i mma tu r e , s e xn o td e te rm ined . 1 7B : s ex a nd a ge n o td e t e rm ined . 1 7C : s ex a nd a g en o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 9 . I nR oom 1 2 1 . G rav e0 . 20m d eep . A du l t Ma le . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 3 0 . I nR oom s 17 / 118 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton d e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 18 . I nt r ench 0 14 /2 . G rave 0 . 15m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

I . F ound 1 971 , d ur ing e xcava t ion s o nR oman V i l la .

GRAVE 19 . I nt r ench 0 14 /2 . G rave 0 . 15m d eep . S k e le ton i mma tu re ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . M embe ro ff am i ly g roup ' B ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 0 1 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 20 . I nt r ench 0 14 /2 . G rave 0 . 23m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 02 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 2 (Wenham g r ave I I ) . I nt r ench N 14 / 3 . G rave 0 . 13m d eep . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 3 5 . F a ta l c r an ia l i n ju ry ( swo rd b l ow ) ,a nd i r on a r rowhead i nb ackbone . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE J 0 3 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 3 . I nt r ench N 15 / 3 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep .

GRAVE J 04 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep .

1 0 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . 2 . F l in tb l ad e . P robab ly r e s idua l .

S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE J O9A . I nt r ench P 14 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 05 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . G rav e0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' A ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 17 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 . G rav e0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 06 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 1 8 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 07 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 /4 . G rav e0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' B ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 19 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 09 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . I mma tu r es k e le ton ,s ex n o td e t e rm ined . N o gave g ood s .

GRAVE J 20 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 10 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . G rav e0 . 20m d eep . 2s k e le ton s : J 10A : a du l tf ema le . J 10B : a du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 2 1 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE J 2 2 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm in ed . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 1 1 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . G rav e0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . P o s s ib le s i gn so fL ep ro sy o ns k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 2 3 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm in ed . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE J 13 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . G rav e0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 2 4 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 14 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 . D ep th 0 . 28m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton sd e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .F l in ts c rape r . P robab ly r e s idua l .

GRAVE J 15 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 2 5 . I nt r ench 0 11/4 . G rave 0 . 38m d eep . I mma tu r es k e le ton ,s ex n o td e te rm in ed . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt ench 0 14 /3 /4 . D ep th 0 . 31m . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton sn o td e t e rm ined . G rav eg ood s : 1 .C o in .

1 02

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . I n t r ench 0 14 /2 . d e te rm ined . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 26 . I n t r ench 0 10 / 3 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton i mma tu r e ,s ex n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

N o

d e ta i l s

d e ta i l s

o f g r ave

GRAVE J 35 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . S ke le ta le v idence o fH yd rocepha lu s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 27 . I n t r ench 0 10 /3 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton i mma tu r e ,s ex n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE J 28 . I n t r ench 0 10 / 3 . d e t e rm ined . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

N o

GRAVE J 36 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . F a ta lc r an ia l i n ju ry ( swo rd b l ow ) . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' A ' . N og r ave g ood s .

o f g r ave

GRAVE J 29 . I nt r ench 0 10 / 3 , o ve r ah ea r th . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 37 (Wenham g r ave V ) . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 5 -35 . F a ta lc r an ia l i n ju ry ( swo rd b l ow ) . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l" . I nt r ench 0 10 / 3 . D ep th 0 . 56m . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 38 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 51m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , a ged 8 9 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' A ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 30 (Wenham g r av eI ) . I nt r ench 0 10 / 3 . G rave 0 . 31m d eep . A du l tm a le ,a g ed 2 5 -35 y ea r s . F a ta lc r an ia li n ju ry ( swo rd b l ow ) . G r ave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . K n if e . 3 . T oo l . A n t le r -hand led .

GRAVE J 39 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . 3s k e le ton s . J 39A : A du l tm a le . J 39B : I mma tu re , s e xn o td e te rm ined . J 39C : A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 31 . I n t r ench 0 10 / 3 . G rav e 0 . 46m d eep , c u t t h rough l a ye ro fc ompa c t ed m o r ta rd eb r i s . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE J 32 . I n t r ench 0 9 / 3 . N o d e ta i l s o f d e t e rm ined . I mma tu r es k e le ton , s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE J 40 . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . G rave 0 . 51m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE J 4 1 . I n t r ench P 15 / 1 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e te rm ined . A du l tf ema le . P o s s ib ly m embe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og r ave g ood s .

g r ave

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt r ench P 15 / 1 . D ep th 0 . 7 1m . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton sn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 33 . I nt r ench 0 9 / 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e l e ton d e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 42 . GRAVE J 34 .

1 0 3

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . I n t r ench P 7 / 1/4 . d e te rm ined . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

No

d e ta i l s

o f g r ave GRAVE J 54 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1/4 . G rave 0 . 64m d eep . E qua l s g u l ly o r p i t c on ta in ing b one s f r om s e ve ra li n d iv idua l s . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton sn o td e t e rm in ed . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE J 43 . I n t r ench P 8 /2 /3 . No d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . P o s s ib le m embe ro ff am i ly g roup ' 1 3 ' . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

I I . F ound 1 972 , d ur ing e xcava t ion s o nR oman V i l la . GRAVE K 0 1 . I n t r ench 0 14 /4 /P 14 , L aye r 2 . K 19 . A du l tf ema le . Membe ro ff am i ly g r oup ' B ' . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE J 44 . I nt r ench P 8 / 1/4 . G rave 0 . 43m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE J 45 . I nt r ench P 9 /2 /3 . G rave 0 . 31m d eep . I mma tu r e s k e le ton , s ex n o td e te rm ined . B one s f o und d i s tu rbed , l y ing a l ong l i ne o fn o r th w a l l o fr oom 1 23 . B one s f r om t h i s g r ave a nd t h o se f r om g r av e J 46 m ay h ave b een f r om s ame b u r ia l . N og r ave g ood s .

G rav e c u t s

GRAVE K 02 . I n t r ench 0 14 /4 /P 14 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton i mma tu re , s ex n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE K 03 . I nt r ench 0 14 /4 /P 14 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S ex a nd a g eo fs ke le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE J 46 . I nt r ench P 9 /2 / 3 . G rave 0 . 31m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . B one s f o und d i s tu rbed , l y ing a l ong n o r th w a l l o fr o om 1 23 . S ee g r ave J 45 a bove . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 04 . I n t r ench 0 14 /4 /P 14 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 47 . I nt r en ch P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 56m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 05 . I n t r ench 0 14 /4 /P 14 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . A du l tm a l e . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup 1 3 ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE J 48 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e te rm in ed . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 06 . I n t r ench 0 14 /4 /P 14 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . A du l tm a le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . D ep th 0 . 48m -0 .69m . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton sn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE J 50 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1/4 . G rave 0 . 18m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K O7 ( Hawke sg r ave 2 3 ) . I n t r ench 0 14 /4 /P 14 , L aye r 2 . D i s tu rbed b y g r ave K 12 . . A du l tf ema le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . O pen -wo rk p l a t e .*

GRAVE J 53 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1/4 . G rave 0 . 31m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

1 04

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 2 . D i sc . F ound a tw a i s t . C oppe ra loy . O pen w o rk .* 3 .S p ind l e -who r l . F ound a tw a i s t . C lay .* 4 . R ing . F ound a tw a i s t . B one . A nnu la r , r i ng -and -do td eco ra t ion .* 5 . R ing . F ound a t w a i s t . I r on . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing .* 6 . R ing . F ound a t w a i s t . I r on . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing .* 7 . S hea r s . F ound a tw a i s t . I r on .* 8 . K n if e . S t ra igh te dge ,a ng led b a ck .* 9 . S ha rpen ing s t ee l . F ound a tw a i s t . I r on .*

I n t r en ch P 14 , L aye r 3 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE K 08 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1/2 ,L aye r2 . N od e ta i l so fg r av e d e t e rm ined . A du l tm a le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' A ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 16 . I n t r ench P 14 , L aye r 3 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . Ma tu r ea du l tf ema le . S k e le ta le v idence o fc ance r( Page t 's d i sea se ) . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' A ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 15 . I n t r ench P 14 , L aye r 3 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . A du l tf ema le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' B ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 09 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o fg r ave d e te rm ined . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K l6A . I nt r ench P 14 , L aye r 3 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e te rm ined . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 10 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o fg r ave d e t e rm ined . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 17 . I nt r ench P 14 . G rave 0 . 79m d eep . S k e le ton i mma tu re ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 11 . I nt r ench P 14 /2 , L aye r 2 . N o d e ta i l s o fg r ave d e t e rm ined . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 18 . I nt r ench P 14 . G rave 0 . 79m d eep . A du l tm a le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 12 ( Hawke sg r ave 1 2 ) . I nt r ench P 14 . G rave 0 . 51m d eep . D i s tu rb s g r av eK 07 . S k e le ton i mma tu re ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined . M embe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . O nc he s t . P a i rw i th ( 2 ) . S i lve r , d oub le s p i r a lh ead .* 2 . P in . O n c he s t . P a i r w i th ( 1 ) . S i lve r , d oub le s p i ra lh ead .* 3 . K n if e .*

GRAVE K 19 ( Hawke sg r ave 1 9 ) . I nt r ench P 14 . G rave 0 . 79m d eep . G rave c u t b yK 0 1 . Ma tu r e a du l t f ema le . E x t ended s up ine , a rm s c l o se t o s i de s , f e e t p o s s ib ly h ad b een b ound t o g e the r . S ku l ln o tp r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e a nd p la te . A t w a i s t , w i th ( 2 ) . C oppe ra loy , S t y le I z oomo rph ic o r namen t .* 2 . K n if e . A t w a i s t , w i th ( 1 ) . S t ra igh t e dge , c u rved b a ck .*

GRAVE K 13 . I nt r ench P 14 / 1 /2 ,L aye r2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave d e t e rm ined . A du l tm a le . M embe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 20 . I nt r ench P 14 . G rave 0 . 79m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . " D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt r ench P 14 . D ep th 0 . 43m -0 .51m . S ex a nd a g eo fs ke le ton sn o td e te rm ined .

GRAVE K 14 .

1 0 5

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 , L aye r3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave d e t e rm ined . A du l tf ema le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ` 1 3 ' . N og r ave g ood s .

N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE K 2 1 . I nt r ench 0 14 / 3 . G rave 0 . 64m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 32 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . 2s k e le ton s : K 32A : S ex a nd a g en o td e t e rm ined . K 32B : I mma tu r e , s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 22 . I nt r ench P / 14 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l tm a le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' A ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 33 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 , L aye r3 . No d e ta i l so fg r av e d e te rm in ed . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 23 . I nt r ench P 14 /4 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE K 24 . I nt r ench P 14 /4 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 34 (Wenham g rave V I ) . I n t r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 7 1+m i mmed ia t e ly u nde rg r ave K 35 . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 0 -25 . F a ta lc r an ia l i n ju ry ( swo rd b l ow ) . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 25 . I nt r ench P 14 /4 . G rave 0 . 74+m d eep . A du l tm a le . H ea led w eapon i n ju ry . N og r ave g ood s .

d eep ,

GRAVE K 35 . I n t r ench P 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 66m d eep , i mmed ia t e ly o ve rg r ave K 34 . S ke le ton i mma tu re , a g ed l e s s t h an 1 4 y ea r s , s e xn o td e t e rm ined . S ku l ln o tr e cov e r ed . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 26 . I nt r ench P 14 /4 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . A du l tf ema le . n N on -f a ta l w eapon i n ju ry , t i p o f w eapon i i n ju ry . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 36 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 7 1m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 27 . I nt r ench P 14 /4 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 37 ( Hawke sg r ave 1 0 ) . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rav e0 . 92m d eep . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE K 28 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 38 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 29 . I n t r ench P 15 /3 /4 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 39 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 30 . I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 8 1m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" I nt r ench P 15 / 3 /4 . D ep th 0 . 6 1m . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton sn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE K 31 .

1 06

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 1 .P endan tc o in .

1 .K n if e .

GRAVE K 40 . I nt r ench 0 13 /4 . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . A du l tf ema le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 03 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 33m d eep . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l" . I nt r ench 0 13 /4 . D ep th 0 . 33m . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 04 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 4 1 . I nt r ench P 15 /4 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . S k e le ton i mma tu r e ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 05 . rave 0 . 46m d eep . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE K 42 . I nt r ench P 10 /2 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . K ey .

GRAVE L 06 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rav e0 . 46m d eep . A du l tm a le . N o g r ave g ood s r e co rded , b u t g r een s t a in ing s ugg e s t sp r e sence o fc oppe ra loy o b jec t / s . GRAVE L 07 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt r ench P 13 /4 . D ep th 0 . 48m -0 .64m . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton sn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .C o in .

GRAVE L 08 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rav e0 . 56m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I n t r ench 0 10 / 3 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r av e s d e t e rm ined . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton sn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing s . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . C o in .

GRAVE L 09 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu r e ,s ex n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE L 10 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 41m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

I V . F ound 1 973 , d ur ing e xcava t ion s o nR oman V i l la . GRAVE L 0 1 . I n t r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . d e te rm ined . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . S hea r s . I r on .

f g r ave N o d e ta i l s o

GRAVE L 11 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 33m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE L 12 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 02 . f g r av e I n t r ench 0 14 / 3 /4 . N o d e ta i l s o d e t e rm ined . 2s k e le ton s : L O2a : A du l tf ema le . L O2b : A du l tm a le . Membe r so ff am i ly g roup ' B ' . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE L 13 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 3 /4 . G rave 0 . 33m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

1 07

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C .

GRAVE L 25 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l .

GRAVE L 14 . I nt r ench 0 1 5/ 3/ 4 . G rave 0 . 48m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE L 15 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 26 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 71m d eep . A du l tf ema le . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 16 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 27 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 71 m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 17 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 43m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 28 . I nt r ench P 15 /2 . G rave 0 . 33m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 18 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 29 . I nt r ench P 15 /2 . G rave 0 . 56m d eep . A du l tm a le . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 19 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tm a le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' B ' . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE L 20 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 48m d eep . A du l tf ema le . S ke le ta l e v idence o f s pondy lo ly s i s

GRAVE L 30 . I nt r ench 0 14 /3 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tf ema le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og rave g ood s .

s pondy lo l i s the s i s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 30A . I nt r ench P 15 /2 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N o g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 21 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . A du l tf ema le . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 31 . I nt r ench P 14 /3 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 22 . I nt r ench P 15 /2 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e te rm ined . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 32 . I nt r ench P 14 /3 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep .

GRAVE L 23 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3 /4 . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e te rm ined . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 33 . I nt r ench P 14 /3 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N o g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 24 . I nt r ench 0 15 /3/ 4 .G rave 0 . 61m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 34 . I nt r ench P 14 /3 . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . A du l t ma le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' A ' .

a nd

A du l t ma le . N og rave g ood s .

1 08

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . A du l tm a le . G r een s t a in ing o n b one s , r e su l t ing c o r ro s ion o fc oppe ra l loy o b jec t . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy .

N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE L 35 . I nt r ench P 14 / 3 . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

f r om

GRAVE L 46 (Wenham g r ave I V ) . A x i s .I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 53m d eep . A du l tm a le ,a ged 2 5 -35 . F a ta l c r an ia l i n ju ry ( mu l t ip le s wo rd b l ow s ) . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 36 . I nt r ench P 14 / 3 . G rave 0 . 81m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE L 37 . I nt r ench 0 13 /2 / 3 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l tf ema le . M embe ro ff am i ly g roup ' C ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 47 . I nt r ench Q 14 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 38 . I nt r ench 0 13 /2 / 3 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 48 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 53m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 39 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 38m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 49 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 53m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N o g r ave g ood s r e co rded , b u t g r een s t a in ing m ay i n d ica te p r e sence o fc oppe ra loy o b jec t .

GRAVE L 40 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 50 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 38m d eep . S k e le ton i mma tu r e ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 4 1 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . S ex a nd a g eo fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 51 . I nt r ench Q 14 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 42 . I nt r ench 0 13 / 3 . G rave 0 . 20m d eep . A du l t ma le . S k e le ta l e v idence o f A ce tabu la r d y sp la s ia> l imp . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 52 . I n t r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 66m O v e r lap sL 60 . A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . U n id en t i f ied o b jec t . C oppe ra loy .

GRAVE L 43 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 53 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . S k e le ton i mma tu re ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE L 44 . I nt r ench 0 13 /2 / 3 . G rave 0 . 33m d eep . A du l tm a le . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' B ' . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE L 54 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE L 44A. I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 53m d eep .

1 09

d eep .

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . G r ave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE L 55 . I nt r ench Q 14 / 1/4 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE L 64 . I nt r ench 0 13 /3 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 56 . I nt r ench P 13 /2 / 3 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l t m a le , a g ed 3 5 . E x tend ed s up ine , a rm s f l exed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . C o in s . x 2 .

GRAVE L 65 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on a nd c oppe ra l loy . 2 . K n if e . GRAVE L 66 . I nt r ench P 13 /2 / 3 . G rave 0 . 71m d eep . 2s k e le ton s : L 66A : a du l tm a le . L 66B : i mma tu re , s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 57 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 7 1m d eep . A du l tm a le . C r ipp led . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE L 58 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . S ex a nd a ge o f s k e le ton n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton i n' c rouched p o s i t ion ' . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 67 . I nt r ench P 13 /2 /3 . G rave 0 . 79m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 59 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 38m d eep . S k e l e ton i mma tu re ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 68 . I nt r ench P 13 /2 /3 . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 60 . I n t r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . O ve r lapped b yL 52 . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s .

G rave

0 . 7 1m

GRAVE L 69 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 43m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , s e xn o td e te rm in ed . N og r ave g ood s .

d eep .

GRAVE L 70 . I n t r ench 0 15 / 1 /2 . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton i mma tu re , s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE L 6 1 . I nt r ench Q 14 / 1 /2 . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . A du l tm a le . C r ipp led . Membe ro ff am i ly g r oup ' A ' . N og r ave g ood s .

V . F ound 1 974 , d ur ing e xcava t ion s o nR oman V i l la .

GRAVE L 62 . I nt r ench Q 14 / 1/2 . G rav e0 . 84m d eep . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE M l . I nt r en ch N 15 / 3 . G rave 0 . 7 1m d eep . S k e le ton i mma tu re ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

" D i s tu rbed b u r ia l s" . I nt r en ch Q 14 / 1 /2 . D ep th 0 . 97m . S ex a nd a ge o fs k e le ton sn o td e t e rm ined . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE M2 / 3 . I nt r en ch 0 11 / 3 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . 2s k e le ton s : M2 : A du l tf ema le ,a ged 1 8 -20 y ea r s . Membe ro ff am i ly g roup ' W . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . P enannu la r .

GRAVE L 63 . I nt r ench 0 15 / 1/2 . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . A du l tf ema le . Membe ro ff am i ly g r oup ' A ' .

10

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s A -C . A du l t ma le .

2 . S hee t . Coppe ra l loy , R oman . 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy , R oman .

No g rave g ood s .

M3 : S ke le ton i mma tu re , a ged 1 0 12 y ea r s , s ex n o td e te rm ined . No g rave g ood s .

" D is tu rbed b u r ia ls" .

GRAVE M4 . I nt r ench 0 11/2 . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . P enannu la r .

I nt r ench Q 13 /2 . D ep th 0 . 26m -0 .59m . S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le tons n o td e term ined .

V I I . F ound 1 976 , e xcava t ion s o nR oman V i l la .

GRAVE M5 . I nt r ench P 12 /3 . G rave 0 . 46m -0 .6 1m d eep .

d ur ing

GRAVE 0 1 (Wenham g rave I ) .

S ex a nd a ge o fs ke le ton n o td e term ined .

N o d e ta i ls o fg rave d e term ined . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . F a ta l c r an ia l i n ju r ies ,

No g rave g ood s .

V I . F ound 1 975 , d ur ing e xcava t ions o nR oman V i l la .

p os t -mor tem

d ecap i ta t ion . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE N I .

1 4 -15 . B arha m I ,B arha m Downs .

I nt r ench P 16 /2 . G rave 0 . 89m d eep . S ke le ton i mma tu re , s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . C omb . C ompo s i te t ype . 2 . U n id en t i f ied o b jec t . I r on .

( Barham D owns A ) . I .F ound d ur ing r oad work s , 1 966 .

GRAVE N2 .

GRAVE 1 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave .

I nt r ench Q 13 / 1 . G rave 0 . 56m d eep . A du l t ma le .

S ke le ton p resen t .

No g rave g ood s .

G rave g oods : 1 .B uck le . I r on , s ma l l .

GRAVE N3 . I nt r ench Q 13 /2 . G rave 0 . 61 m d eep .

GRAVE 2 .

A du l tf ema le .

No d e ta i ls o fg rave .

N o g rave g ood s .

S ke le ton p resen t . No g rave g ood s r e co rded .

GRAVE N4 . I nt r ench Q 13 /2 . G rave 0 . 71 m d eep .

GRAVE 3 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave .

A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 .N eed le . C oppe ra l loy .

S ke le ton p re sen t . No g rave g oods r e co rded .

2 . C o in . I np i tb e low b u r ia l .

GRAVE 4 .

GRAVE N5 .

No d e ta i l s o fg rave .

I nt r ench Q 13 /2 . G rave 0 . 7 1m d eep .

S ke le ton p resen t .

A du l t ma le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . L eg s r e s t ing o n l a rge s t one .

No g rave g oods r e co rded .

H ea led b l ade

i n ju ry ; w e l l h ea led t i b ia f r ac tu re .

GRAVE 5 .

N o g rave g ood s .

No d e ta i ls o fg rave .

GRAVE N6 .

No g rave g oods r e co rded .

S ke le ton p resen t . I nt r ench Q 13 /2 . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . A du l tf ema le . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave .

GRAVE N7 .

S ke le ton p resen t . No g rave g ood s r e co rded .

I nt r ench Q 13 /2 . G rave 0 . 89m d eep .

11

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . GRAVE 7 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S ke le ton p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton . N og r av eg ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 8 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S ke le ton p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 9 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S ke le ton p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton . G rav eg ood s : 1 . Moun t s . x 2 ,c oppe ra loy . 2 . K n ive s . x 4 .

GRAVE 1 0 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S k e le ton p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

1 6 . B arha m I ,B reach Downs . I . F ound d ur ing e xcava t ion s , S ep t O c t . 1 841 . L ord C onyngham .

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S k e le ton p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on b ox f i t t ing s . A th ead . 2 . B ead . L a rg eg l obu la r" c ry s ta l" .* 3 . B ead s . Ame thy s t .* 4 . B ead s . G la s s .* 5 . P endan t . G o ld ,r e ds t one a tc en t r e .* 6 . S i l ver r i ng .* 7 . S i l ve rr i ng . L o s t . 8 . F i t t ing s?* 9 . C o in . S ma l l b r a s s o fV ic to r inu s , f o und i n t h e c ha lk m ake -up o f t h e b a r row , a t s ome d i s tance f r om g r ave .

( GRAVE 1 2 . ) N os k e le ta lr ema in sf o und . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 1 3 . ) N os k e le ta lr ema in sf ound . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 1 4 . ) N os k e le ta lr ema in sf ound . N og r av eg ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 1 5 . ) N os k e le ta lr ema in sf o und . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 3 . S h i e ld -bo s s . O nr i gh ts i de . 4 . S t ud s . I r on , x 3 . O n r i gh t s i de . P o s s ib ly s h ie ld f i t t ing s . 5 . K n if e . O nr i gh ts i de . 6 . B uck l e . S i lve r , w i th r e c tangu la rp l a t e . O n r i gh ts i de .*

( GRAVE 1 6 . ) N os k e le ta lr ema in sf o und . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 1 7 . ) N os k e le ta lr ema in sf o und . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 1 8 . ) N os k e le ta lr ema in sf o und . N og r av eg ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . " La rge" b a r row . 3s k e le ton s ," sku l l sp l a ced t r iangu la r ly " . 3 a a nd b : V e ry p oo r ly p re se rv ed , b one s s c a t te r ed i r egu la r ly .

( Barham D own sB ) . I .F ound d ur ing r oad w ork s , 1 968 . GRAVE I . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton .

12

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 3 c : P o s i t ioned i n a" s i t t ing o r b en t a t t i tude" . P o s s ib le t h a t t h e l a t te r h a s d i s tu rbed e a r l ie r b u r ia l o r b u r ia l s , p e rhap s o f p r eh i s to r ic d a t e , g i v en t h e p re sence o fp o t t e ry f r agmen t s i nt h e b a r row . G r av eg ood s : 1 . G la ss d r ink ing c up . F ound i nv o id u nde r g r oup o fl a rge f l in t s . B e l l b eak e r , H a rden t y pe V b .2 ( domed w i th c on s t r ic t ion i nb ody ) .* 2 . G la s sd r ink ing c up . F ound w i th ( 1 ) . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . F ragmen t s , f o und j u s tb e low g r ound s u rf a ce .

A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . O n ly f r agmen t so fb one p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 1 2 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . O n ly f r agmen t so fb one p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W-E . " La rge" b a r row ( n ea r ly l a rge s t o f g r oup ) . 2s k e le ton s ,o ne a bove t h eo t he r . 4 A : We l l p r e se rved s k e le ton o fc h i ld , a g e 6 7 y ea r s ,c .0 . 46m b e low a pex o fb a r row . N og r ave g ood s . 4 B : We l l p r e se rved a du l t s k e le ton b enea th , " a t u sua ld ep th " . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B ys i de .

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . O n ly f r agmen t so fb one p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 1 4 . U nde rb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b i con ica l b ow l . E v i son t y pe 3 c .2 ( t a l l b i con ica l , w i th v e r t ica lr im ) .* 2 . P o t te ry f ragmen t s . " Appa r en t ly b roken w hen t h eg r ave w a sf i l led u p" . B yf e e t .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead . G la s s ,p o lych rome .* 2 . B uck le . O va l ,w i th t o ngue . U nde rh ead .* GRAVE 6 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B ys i de . 2 . B ead . G la s s , s ma l l , g r een . u nde rh ead .

L o s t .

GRAVE 1 5 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd . B ys i de o fs k e le ton . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . L o s t . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B uck l e . C a s to va l . F ound w i th ( 3 ) .* 5 . S pea rhead . We l lp r e se rved .

F ound

GRAVE 1 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . F ound a tf e e t . L o s t .*

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B ys i de .

GRAVE 1 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . Sma l l .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B ys i de . GRAVE 9 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 1 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck le . Sma l l .

GRAVE 1 0 .

13

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . N og r av eg ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 1 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead

GRAVE 2 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . B yl ef ts i de . 2 . B uck l e . Sma l l ,b yl ef ts i de . 3 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 4 . P y r i te s . S eve ra lb yf e e t .

GRAVE 2 0 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 0 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton " impe rf ec t " . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s . C o r roded .

GRAVE 2 1 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 1 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead Wood r ema in s i ns o ck e t . 2 . K n if e . B yl e f ts i de . 3 . B uck l e . B y l e f ts i de .

GRAVE 2 2 . " La rge" b a r row , " one o f t h e l a rg e s t o f t h e g roup" , c i r cumf e r ence c . 3 9 .75m , h e igh t c . 2 . 45m . Make -up o fb a r row i n c luded al a ye ro f l a rge f l i n t so ve rt h eg r ave c u t . O n ly af ew t e e th s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on c l amp s . x 3 ,p o s s ib ly c of in c l amp s .

GRAVE 3 2 . " La rg e" b a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B race l e t . S i lve r ,e nc i rc led l e f ta rm .

GRAVE 2 3 . " Sma l l" b a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . "Much c o r roded" .

GRAVE 3 . U nde r b a r row . G rave p o s s ib ly a l so c on ta ined ac r ema t ion b u r ia l( s ee 6 .b e low ) . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h i e ld -bo s s . l aced o n t h r ee l a rge 2 . S wo rd L . 0 . 76m . P s t one s . 3 . B uck l e s . x 4 , s ma l l , l y ing a bou t t h e m idd le o ft h es wo rd b l ade . 4 . G la s ss t ud s . x 2 , a tc en t re o fb ody . 5 . S pea rhead B ys i de o fs ku l l . 6 . P o t te r y v e s se l . Whee l th rown b i con ica l b ow l . A t h ead o f g r ave , c on ta in ed c a lc ined b one s . P o s s ib le c r ema t ion? E v i son t y pe 3 e .3 ( t a l l b i con ica l b ow l , u ppe r p a r t l o ng e r t h an l ow e rp a r ta nd c o r ruga ted ) .*

GRAVE 2 4 . " Sma l l" b a r row . o G rave w ide e nough t o" pe rm i tt h e r i gh t a rm t b ee x tended t oi t sf u l l l e ng th" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . M ice b one sb yf e e t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 2 5 . " Sma l l" b a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 2 6 . " Sma l l" b a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 4 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s . P o s s ib ly b ox f i t t ing s . 2 . B uck l e . S ma l l . 3 . B ead s . x 3 ,a me thy s t ,h a lve so n ly .

GRAVE 2 7 . " Sma l l" b a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 2 8 . " Sma l l" b a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded .

GRAVE 3 5 .

14

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton " impe rf ec t " . G r ave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B ead s . x 2 .

G rave g ood s : 1 .H ook I r on . 2 . W i re o rnamen t . S i lve r . B ys ku l l . 3 . P in . S i lve r , w i th a r row shaped h ead . s ku l l .

GRAVE 3 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i ls o fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck le . 3 .I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 4 3 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L a rg e ,b ya rm . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . B uck l e s . x 2 . 4 . I r on r i ng s . x 2 .

GRAVE 3 7 . " La rge" b a r row . 2s k e le ton s ,o ne a bove t h eo t he r . 3 7A : S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rv ed . L y ing c .0 . 4m b e low a pex o fb a r row . N og r ave g ood s . 3 7B : O n ly b one f r agmen t s . I ng r ave c u tu nde r 3 7A . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on c l amp s . P o s s ib ly b ox o rc off in f i t t ing s . 2 . K ey . GRAVE 3 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . G rav eg ood s : 1 . H and le a nd i r on f i t t ing s . c of f in .

B y

GRAVE 4 4 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f i t t ing s . P robab ly f r om b ox o rc off in . GRAVE 4 5 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 4 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rv ed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

O f ab ox o r GRAVE 4 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead C ry s ta l , u nde rh ead .

GRAVE 3 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . G r ave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton " impe r f ec t " . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O n l e f ts i de . 2 . S pea rhead O n l e f ts i de .

GRAVE 4 0 . U nde rb a r row . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . Ar ow o fc a lc ined b one s e x tended t h e l e ng th o ft h e g r ave t ot h e r i gh to ft h eb ody . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O nl e f ts i de . 2 .S pea rhead O nl e f ts i d e .

GRAVE 4 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton " impe rf ec t " . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

G rave 4 1 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 5 0 . P r ima r yi nb a r row . S ke le ton " impe rf ec t " . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . 2 . J awbone o fh o r se . P a r to f .

GRAVE 4 2 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton " impe r f ec t" .

GRAVE 5 1 . P r ima ry i nb a r row .

15

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 3 . I r on r i ve t s . x 3 . C lo se t os ku l l .

S ke le ton " impe rf ec t" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 5 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . T oe i the rs i de o f s k e le ton , f r om n eck d ownwa rd s , w a s am a s s o f a n ima l b one s , i n c lud ing t ho se o f m ice a nd l a rge ra n ima l s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e .

GRAVE 5 2 . B a r row . 2s k e le ton s ,o ne a bove t h eo t he r . f 5 2a : S k e le ton l a y c . 0 . 35m b e low a pex o b a r row . 5 2b : S k e le ton " impe rf ec t " , i n g r ave b e low 5 2a . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 0 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 3 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .F ragmen t s . O f" ca sk e t " . 2 . B uck l e . S i lve r , w i th g o ld p l a ted t r iangu la r b uck le -p la t e , w i th S t y le I d eco ra t ion . O n p e lv i s .* 3 . B race le t . S i lve r . 4 . B ead s . V e ry s ma l l . 5 .B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 135 , u nc la s s if i ed ) . 4t r iangu la rg a rne ts e t t ing s .* 6 . R ing . V e ry s ma l l .

GRAVE 6 1 . P r ima r yi nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 6 2 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 6 3 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 4 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 4 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 5 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rd ed .

GRAVE 5 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e t a i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e s . x 2 ,s ma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . S pea rhead

I . E xcava ted c .1 843 . J .P .B ar t le t t . GRAVE A . " Sma l l" b a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . C o in s . x 5 -6 S cea t ta s . O n r i gh t o f s k e le ton .* 2 . ' O rnamen t s ' . C oppe r a l loy , i np u r s e w i th c o in s . 3 . R ing . L a rg e . 4 . W ood a nd l e a the rr ema in s .

GRAVE 5 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . F ragmen t s o fs ku l l o n ly , p l u s " a s ma l l p o r t ion o fw h i t eh a i r " . G rav eg ood s : 1 .R ing s . x 3 , s i lve r ,c l o se t os ku l l . 2 . B ead s . C lo se t os ku l l .

16

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 4 . " Arm i l la" . " To w h ich s ome p endan t o rnamen ta ppea red t oh ave b een a t ta ched" .

GRAVE B . " Sma l l" b a r row . S ke le ton o f ac h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le s . x 2 , v ery s ma l l .

GRAVE 7 0 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ku l l h ad f r ac tu re , w h ich e xcava to r s t h ough t h ad b een c au sed i na n t iqu i ty . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . B y l e f t s i de . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B y l ef ts i de .

GRAVE C . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . S l igh t d ep re s s ion i n g round a bove g rave . N od e ta i l s o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C ro s s -headed , t ol e f to fb ody .* 2 . P in s . S eve ra l i r on , p o s s ib ly b ox f i t t ing s . N ea r( 1 ) . 1 . B ead s . x 2 a me thy s t , x 3 " po t te ry" . N ea r s ku l l . 2 . R ing s . x 2 ,t h in w i re . 3 . F ragmen t s . Me ta l .

GRAVE 7 1 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . No d e ta i l s o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 7 2 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave " 30 y a rd s d i s tan tf r om [ g rave 7 0 ]" . S ke le ton p oo r ly p re se rved , b roken s ku l l a nd

GRAVE D . " Sma l l" b a r row . N od e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead . Ambe r , s u spended o n w i re r i ng .

o n ly af ew f r agmen t s o fb one . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pearhead . F ragmen t s o f . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . GRAVE 7 3 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ku l l w e l l p r e se rved , b u t o t herw ise o n ly af ew " nea r ly p e r ished b one s" s u rv ived . P o s s ib ly i n d ica te s d i s tu rbed b u r ia l . G rave g ood s : 1 .P iece o fi r on . C or roded , u n iden t if ied .

I I . E xcava ted d ur ing i s t C ongre s s o ft he BAA ,S ep t . 1 0 th 1 844 . GRAVE 6 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . C h i ld , 9 10 y ea r s o ld . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry , p a r to fs ku l la nd o ne a rm b one o n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . G la s s ," co lou red" . 2 . " O rnamen t" . 3 . " Toy s" .

GRAVE 7 4 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N o d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . N o g rave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row .

I V . F ound d ur ing e xcava t ion s , S ep t . 1 6 th 1 844 . L ord C onyngham .

S ke le ton a pp rox . 1 . 52m i nh e igh t , " appa r en t ly ay oung p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B y s i de . 2 . S pearhead . B y s i de , w ooden s haf tp a r t ia l ly s u rv ived . B lade b roke i n to t h ree p i ece s w hen r emoved .

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton p oo r ly p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , a tr i gh th i p . 2 . K n if e . B y l ef th i p .

GRAVE 6 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . F ema le , a ged a pp rox ima te ly

2 1

GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton i n comp le te , c h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry f ragmen t . D a rk c o lou r ed .

y ea r s .

S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . S up ine , l e g st oge the r , r i gh tl e gc u rved o u twa rd s , l ef tw r i s to n p e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O n l ef ts i de , L . 1 23mm . 2 . P ar to fb uck le . Or namen ta lb o s s . 3 . B ead s . Sma l l s t a r shaped b ead s , p l u s o ne o fl a rge rs i z e .

GRAVE 7 7 . A x is W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s :

17

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . I .I r on f ragmen t s . F ound n ea rs ku l l . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , s ma l l , t o r i gh t o f s ku l l . 3 .S pea rhead L .c .2 5cm ,t ol ef to fs ku l l .

1 . 28m , D . 0 . 43m . Mode rn p i pe t r ench c u t t h rough l owe rh a lf o fg r ave . P robab le a du l t , p robab ly s up ine . H e igh t e s t ima t ed a tl e a s t 1 . 67m . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , t h igh m ea su r emen t c . 5 1cm . R igh ta rm p l aced a c ro s sb ody . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , d eco ra t ed , w i th b uck le -p la te . O n r i gh t h i p . A t ta ched t o r ema in so fl e a the rb e l t .

GRAVE 8 4 . A x i s c . 1 02 ° . G rave p robab ly r e c t angu la r , s t eep s i d e s a nd f l a t b a se . M in . L . 0 . 50m , W . 0 . 90m , D . 0 . 50m . Moder n p i pe t r ench c u t t h rough m idd le o fg r ave . N o b one s s u rv ived , g r ave g ood s s ugge s t a du l t l y ing W -E . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L y ing w i th p o in t t o We s t . N a r row l e af shaped b l ade , s haf t b r ok en , m in . L .2 44mm , W .2 6 t run .* 2 . S ear . I n f r agmen t s . H and le a nd p a r t o f b l ade , p l u st r i angu la rs c abba rd c hape d eco ra ted w i th r i ng -and -do ts t amp .* 3 . K n if e . L .1 25mm , b l ade W . 2 0mm .*

GRAVE 7 9 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G ood s e t o f w e l l p r e se rved t e e th . N o o t he r d e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on b ox f i t t ing s . A tt h ef e e t . 2 .S pea ro ra r rowhead A tr i gh ts i de . GRAVE 8 0 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . f r agmen t ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead

GRAVE 8 5 . A x i s c .9 4 ° . G rave p robab ly r e c tangu la r , s t eep s i de s a nd f l a tb a se . M in . L . 0 . 50m , W . 1 . 10m , D .0 . 39m . Moder np i pe t r ench a tw e s t er ne nd . S ku l l d e s t royed b y p i pe t r ench . T ee th a nd s ma l lb one f r agmen t ss ugge s ta du l t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

O n ly

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave p r obab ly d i s tu rbed . S k e le ton t h a t o f ac h i ld " i n t h e p r oce s s o f d en t i t ion " . G r ave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . D eco ra ted , f o und b rok en a t t h ef o o to ft h eg r ave . 2 . I r on b ox f i t t ing s . A tf o o to fg r ave . 3 .K n if e . O nl e f ts i de o fb ody . 4 . B ead s . x 6g l a s s , x1a me thy s t ,x l b one . 5 . P in . C oppe r a l loy , f l a t t ened h ead , w i th t h r ee l i ne sa r ound m id shank .

( GRAVE? 8 6 . ) P robab le g r ave , a x i s c . 9 5° . P robab ly r e c tangu la r , s t eep s i de s a nd f l a t b a se . M in . L . 0 . 52m , W . 0 . 85m , D . 0 . 60m . N os k e le ta lr ema in sf o und . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE? 8 7 . ) P robab le g r ave , a x i s c . 6 0° . S een o n ly i n s e c t ion o n s ou th s i de o fp i pe t r ench . P robab ly r e c tangu la r , v e ry s t eep s i de s a nd f l a t b a se . M in . L . 0 . 50m , W . 0 . 80m , D . 0 . 52m . F i l l o f g r ey -b rown l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . N os k e le ta lr ema in sf o und . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 8 2 . A x i sS -N . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S ku l l" f ine ly f o rmed" . P robab le m a tu r ea du l t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

( GRAVE? 8 . ) P robab le g r ave , a x i s c . 8 0° . S een o n ly i n s e c t ion o n n o r th s i de o fp i pe t r ench . P robab ly r e c tangu la r , v e ry s t eep s i de s a nd f l a t b a se . M in . L . 0 . 45m , W . 0 . 60m , D . 0 . 50m . F i l l o f g r ey -b rown l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . S eve ra ls ma l lf r agmen t so fb one . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

V . F ound d ur ing r e scue e xcava t ion , May -June 1 975 , K en t A rch . R e scue U n i t . ( Grave s o b served i n p ipe t r ench ,a nd n o tf u l ly e xcava ted ) . GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s c . 1 00 ° . G rav e p robab ly r e c tangu la r , s t eep s i de s a nd f l a t b a se . M in . L . 0 . 50m , W .

1 9 . B arham V , W ick Wood .

18

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . A x i s W -E . l e ve l led , b u t d eep . C of f in , S ke le ton w e l l G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .*

I . F ound d ur ing r e scue e xcava t ion , F eb . 1 972 , K en t A rchaeo log ica l R e scue Un i t . GRAVE 1 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave r e c tangu la rw i th r o unded e nd s ,v e r t ica ls i de sa nd f l a tb a se . L .2 . 85m , W . 1 . 10m , D . m in . 0 . 18m . T h in t r a ce s o f c ha lk r u bb le p ack ing o ne a s ts i de ,0 . 27m w ide . P oo r ly p r e se rved s ke le ton , a du l t , 3 0 -45 y ea r s o l d . H e igh t 1 . 60m . S k e le ton l y ing o n r i gh t s i de ,a rm sf o ld ed a c ro s sw a i s t , l e g sb en t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m b u rn t . p r e se rved .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of f in ,b ur n t . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . " ve ry w ide" ,b u rn t . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s N -S . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r ounded c o rne r s , n ea r ly v er t ica l s i de s a nd f l a t b a se . L . 2 . 25m , W . 1 . 05m , D . m in . 0 . 35m . G roup o f l a rg ef l in t s , 1 8i na l l ,h ad b een p l aced e a ch s i de o f t h e c en t r e o n t h e w e s t s i de . G rave f i l l c on ta ined 4w o rn s h e rd so fR oman p o t t e ry . N os k e le ta lr ema in ss u rv ived . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . b ur n t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on , ' s hank ' o n ly .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave a lmo s t t o ta l ly d e s t royed b y t o p so i l s t r ipp ing . G rave p r obab ly r e c tangu la r , m in . L . 1 . 50m , W . 0 . 70m , D . m in . 0 . 02m . O n ly t e e th , a rm a nd l e g f r agmen t s s u rv ived . P robab le a du l t ,h e igh ta tl e a s t 1 . 36m . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

B a r row C of in ,

B a r row C of in ,

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rg e ' . G rave 1 . 83m d eep . C off in , t h ick , b u rn t ( w i th 7 C ) . S he rd s o f ' l a rg i sh c oa r se u r n ' , b l a ck f a b r ic i ng r ave f i l la ts e ve ra l l e ve l s . 3s k e le ton s . 7 C0 . 6 1m d eepe rt h an 7 Aa nd B . 7 A : A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , ' l a rge b one s ' . I n s i t t ing p o s tu r e w i th b a ck a ga in s t h ead o f g r ave , n ex t t o 7 B . P robab le f a ta lw eapon i n ju ry t oc r an ium . 7 B : A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , ' l a rge b one s ' . I n s i t t ing p o s t u r e w i th b a ck a ga in s t h ead o f g r ave , n ex t t o 7 A . P robab le f a ta lw eapon i n ju ry t oc r an ium . 7 C : A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .T oo th . ' Ho r se o ro x ' .

2 0 . B ekesbourne I ,Ad isham Down . I . G rave s ' near c l ump o f t r ee s ' , a t n or thern e nd o fs i te . E xcava t ed May 2 8 th , 1 773 . B .F au s se t t . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row l e v e l led , b u t ' l a rge ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . G rave d i s tu rbed . B one sd i s tu rbed i ng r ave f i l l . N og r ave g ood sr e co rd ed .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row l e ve l led , b u t ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of i n ,b ur n t . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . 2o r3 .

B a r row C of in ,

GRAVE 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C off in . " Bone s . . .a lmo s tg on e" .

GRAVE 3 .

19

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' , a nd l e v e l led . G rav e 1 . 07m d eep . D i s tu rbed . B one ss c a t t e red i nf i l l . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 1 . 83m d eep .Cof f in , b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' , l e v e l led o f f . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . D i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of in ,b ur n t . C h i ld . " Bone s . . .a lmo s tg one" . B a se a nd s h e rd s o fs ma l l , c oa r se p o t te ry v e s se li nf i l l . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld ," bone s . . .a lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

( GRAVE? 2 0 . ) A x i s W -E . P o s s ib le g r ave , 0 . 76m d eep . B ur n t w ood r ema in s i n b a se . May h ave e qua l led g u l ly . D i scov e r ed b yp robe . N ob one so rf i nd sr e cov e r ed .

B a r row

( GRAVE? 2 1 . ) A x i s W -E . P o s s ib le g r ave , 0 . 76m d eep . B ur n t w ood r ema in s a nd o y s te r s he l l s i nb a s e . May h ave e qua l led g u l ly . D i scove r ed b y p robe . C lo se b u tn o tq u i te p a ra l le lt o2 0 . N ob one so rf i nd sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' l a rg i sh ' . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . C off in , t h ick , b u rn t . S he rd sf r om l a rge ,c oa r se v e s se l i ng r ave f i l l . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rg e ' . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . C off in ,b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' l a rg i sh ' . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . 2 3 s h e rd s f r om v e ry l a rge p o t t e ry v e s se li ng r ave f i l l . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

I . E xcava ted J une 2 nd , 1 773 . F au sse t t .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C off in ,b ur n t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

B .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row " ve ry l a rge a nd h i gh " . G rave 2 . 13m d eep . C of f i n , v e ry t h ick ( o ak? ) , b u rn t . A n ima l b on e s a nd o y s te rs h e l l i nf i l l . " Bone s . . .a lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . 2o r3 ,' l a rg e '

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' l a rg i sh ' . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C off in , v e ry t h ick , w e l l p r e se rved ( o ak ? ) , b u rn t . S am ian a nd c oa r se s h e rd si nf i l l . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row w ide b u tl ow . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C of f in ,b u r n t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' , a nd l e ve l led . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . D i s tu rbed . B one ss c a t te r ed i nf i l l .

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row o f ' m idd le s iz e ' . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . F i l l o f c ompa c t ed c l ay .

1 20

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

1 . S p ind le -whor l . P robab ly b e longed t ot h i s g r ave , b u t f ound u nde r ( 6 ) i n g r ave 2 9 , a nd m ay h ave b een f r om t h a tg rave .* 2 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' ,n ea rl ef th i p . 3 . C oppe r a l loy p la te s . V e ry s ma l l a nd t h in . P o s s ib ly f i t t ing so nk n if eh and le . 4 . H ook . I r on ,s ma l l . N ea rl e f th i p . 5 . L ea the rf ragmen t . O pen -wo rk s qua r e a nd l a t t ice d e s ign . Sma l l c oppe r a loy s h ank r i ve t ed t oi t . * 6 . P endan t . S i lve r , s ma l l . A tn eck . 7 . S hea r s . I r on . V e ry s ma l l . 8 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Sma l l , b l ack . A n ima lb one s i n s ide . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion . 9 . N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . G rave u nde r e a r th b ank , a te a s te rn e nd o f b ank c l o se s t t o r o ad . C of in . A n ima l b one s a nd 2 l a rge n a i l s i nb ank o ve r ly ing g r ave . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 15m i n to n a tu ra l g r ound s u r f a ce . G rave u nde r e a r th b ank , 3 m w e s t o f g r ave 2 6 . C of in , b u rn t . 2b oa r 's t u sk s a nd s h e rd so fr ed p o ta bove g r av e . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 .N a i l s . I r on .

I I . E xcava ted J une 1th , 1 773 . B . F au s se t t . GRAVE 3 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave c u t0 . 30m i n to n a tu ra l c ha lk . I ne a r th b ank ,h e igh to fb ank 1 . 22m . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . " Bon e s . . .a lmo s t g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . I r on i n s t rumen t . H and le a nd b l ade w i th c u rved e nd . N ea rl ef th i p .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th c oppe r a loy t r iangu la r p l a te .* 4 . B uck le . I r on . W i th p l a te .* 5 . C oppe r a l loy p la t e s . x 3 . 1s t r ip , 1 t r i angu la r , 1s em ic i r cu la r .* 6 . W i re . I r on ,s eve ra ls ho r t , s t ra igh tp i ece s .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t a pp rox ima t e ly 0 . 15m i n to n a tu ra l g round s u rf a ce . G rave u nde re a r th b ank . A n ima lb one si nb ank a bove g r ave . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . T o l ef to fs ku l l . S wan ton t y pe F 2 . 2 . K n if e . 3 .I r on o b jec t . U n iden t if ied . GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t a pp rox ima te ly 0 . 15m i n to n a tu ra lg round s u r f a ce . G rav e u nde re a r th b ank . O ve r lay a nd p o s s ib ly c u tg r ave 3 0 . A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . " Bone s a lmo s t g one . . .sku l lh ad t h ef r on ta ls u tu r e" . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . T o l e f t o f s ku l l . C oa r se r e dd i sh f a b r ic .* 2 . P in . C oppe r a l loy , 1 .3 . 8cm . F l a t tened h ead . U nde rs ku l ln ea r( 1 ) . 3 . B ead s . x 2 . 1l a rge b l a ck g l a s s , 1s ma l l d i sco id b l ue g l a s s .* 4 . C ha in s . x 2 . I r on , 1 .3 0cm " downwa rd s o n e a ch s i de" o fh i p s . 5 .S hea r s . I r on . A te nd o fc ha in o nr i gh t .* 6 . H ook I r on . W i th s u spen s ion l o op , a t ta ched t oc ha in o n l e f ts i d e . T ex t i le r ema in s a dhe r ed .*

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s W -E . G rave b a r e ly c u t i n to n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf a ce b e low e a r th b ank . C of in ,b u rn t . " Bone s . . .a lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey . I r on . N ea rl ef th i p . 2 . S p ind l e -whor l . C lay? N ea rl e f th i p . 3 . S hea r s . Sma l l . N ea rl e f th i p . 4 . K n if e . N ea rl e f th i p . 5 . C oppe r a l loy p la te s . x 2 . P ea r shaped , t h r ee r i ve t -ho le s . N ea rr i gh th i p .* 6 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy . R ec tangu la r p l a t e w i th 6 r i ng -and -do t p unch -ma rk s . N ea r r i gh t h i p .* 7 . C ha in . I r on . N ea r r i gh t h i p . V e ry s ma l l l i nk s .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i sW -E . G rave u nde r lay a nd p o s s ib ly c u tb y g r ave 2 9 . C h i ld ,b one s" a lmo s td ecayed" . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . G rave b a re ly c u t i n to n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf a ce b e low e a r th b ank . C h i ld ," bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

1 2 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . C of f in , t h ick , b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 5 ,g l a s s . N ea rn eck . 2 . P endan t . B lue g l a s ss e t t ing , s i lve rb a ck a nd l o op . N ea rn eck .* 3 . K n if e . Sma l l .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s W -E . G rav e b a re ly c u t i n to n a tu ra l c ha lk s u r f a ce b e low e a r th b ank . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of f in , ' v e ry t h ick ' ,b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .C o in . R oman ; D ioc le t ian .

( GRAVE 4 1 . ) A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rg e ' , d i ame te r 1 0 .35m , h e igh t 1 . 52m . Mound c on s i s ted " a lmo s t e n t i r e ly o f f l in t s" . A n ima l b one s , a nd p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed c r ema t ion i n m ound , a l so 2 l a ye r s o fb ur n t m a t e r ia l . G rav e 1 . 52m d eep . Many f l in t s i nf i l l . G rav e 4 1A c u ti n to n o r ther ne dge o fb a r row . N o b one s o r g r ave g ood s r e cov e r ed ; g r av e a ppa r en t ly e mp ty . P robab ly p r eh i s to r ic .

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of f in , v e ry t h ick a nd w ide ,b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , ' s hank ' o n ly . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s .

I V . E xcava ted J une 1 8 th , 1 773 . F au s se t t .

GRAVE 4 1A . A x i s W -E . S econda ry i n b a r row . G rav e 1 . 52m d eep . C u t i n to n o r the rn e dge o fm ound o ve rg r ave 4 1 . C off in ,t h ick , b ur n t . C h i ld , s k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

B .

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C off in ,b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th l o ng p l a t e . O n r i gh t s i de . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing .* 2 . K n if e . O nl e f ts i de .

( GRAVE 4 2 . ) A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row d i ame t e r 1 4 .60m , h e igh t 2 . 13m . Mound c on s t ruc t ed o f f l i n t s . B u rn t l a ye r i nm ound . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . F l in t s , a n ima l b one s a nd p o ts h e rd si nf i l l . S ke le ton l a id " i n o dd m anne r " ; p r obab ly c r ouched . N og r ave g ood s . P robab ly p r eh i s to r ic .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C off in ,b ur n t . " Bon e sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rl ef th i p . 2 . L ead d i sc . W i th c en t ra l p e rf o ra t ion . N ea r l e f th i p .* 3 . L ea the r f ragmen t . W i th o pen -wo rk s qua r e s . C oppe r a l loy s hank r i ve ted t o i t . N ea rl e f th i p . 4 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown j ug . A t f e e t .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on ,f r agmen t so f . A tf e e t .

( GRAVE 4 3 . ) A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rg e ' , b u t s ma l le rt h an 4 2 o r4 4 . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . A n ima lb one sa nd p o ts h e rd s i nf i l l . D i s tu rbed . B one sd i s tu rbed . N og r ave g ood s . P robab ly p r eh i s to r ic . ( GRAVE 4 4 . ) A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i n b a r row . B a r row d i ame t e r 2 1 .30m , h e igh t 3 . 05m . H uman a nd a n ima l b one s , s p ea r s o ck e t , p o t s h e rd s , a nd b ur n t l a y e r s i n mound f i l l . D i s tu rbed ( p r ev iou s ly e xcava ted c . 1 740 's ) . S k e le ton l a id o n n a t u ra l c ha lk s u rf a ce . G rave 4 4A c u t i n to w e s t er ns i de . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S hea r s . I r on . 2 . K n if e .* 3 . N a i l . ' L a rge ' , i r on .

GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' v e ry s ma l l ' . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 4 0 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . 4 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . F ragmen t so f , ' sma l l ' . GRAVE 4 4A . A x i s W -E . S econda ry i nb a r row . 1 . 52m i n to b a r row . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

5 . H ook? I r on s haf t . U nde r l ef t e l bow w i th K n if e . ( 7 59 1) . GRAVE 2 . A x i s 4 0 ° . G rave a pp rox . 2 . 25m b y 0 . 58m , 0 . 53m d eep . G rave d i s tu rbed b yu p roo ted t r ee . I r on s t r ip i ng r ave f i l l . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . L eg s , s ku l l a nd f o r ea rm ss u rv ive o n ly . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S eax? D oub le -edg ed b l ade . E nd o fb l ade m i s s ing . I n s ide l e f tf o r ea rm , p o in t ing t owa rd s s ku l l . ( 7 592 ) . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy c a s t o va l b uck le l o op ,w i th s h ie ld o nt o ngue . ( 7544 ) . 3 . B uck l e p la te . T r iangu la r c oppe r a loy b uck le p l a t e . A tc en t re w a i s t . ( 7 544 ) . 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e . A t b o t tom r i gh t c or n e r o f g r ave . ( 7 594 ) . 5 . S pea rhead F ound a tt o p r i gh t c o rne r o f g r av e . D i s tu rbed b y u p roo ted t r ee . S wan ton t y pe E 3 . ( 7 593 ) . 6 . P in . I r on . N ea r s p ea rhead . D i s tu rbed b y t r ee . ( 7 595 ) . 7 . B e l t s t ud s . x 2 , s hoe shaped c oppe r a loy r i v e t s . L y ing s e pa ra te ly b e tween u ppe r l e g s . ( 7 545 ) . 8 . P la t e . S ma l l f r agmen ta ry c oppe r a loy p l a t e . F ound w i th l ow e ro f7 . 9 . B uck le? C oppe r a loy , c a s t o va l l o op , p l u s 1s hoe shaped r i ve t . N o ti ns i te n o t ebook .

G rave c u t

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i nb a r row . B a r row " l ow b u t b road" . G rave a ppa r en t ly o f c r uc if o rm s h ape ( may=2 i n t e r -cu t t ing g r av e s ) , c u t i n to c ha lk , b o th l e ng th s 3 . 35m , b o th w id th s 1 . 44m , 1 . 52m d eep . R ece s s c u t i n to c ha lk a te a ch e nd o fc r uc if o rm ( a pp rox . 3 0cm b y 3 0cm b y 3 5cm h i gh ) . No r the rn r e ce s s h e ld r o t ten w ood , w e s t er n r e ce s s h e ld c ha r coa l , s ou the rn r e ce s s h e ld s e ve ra l i r on n a i l s , e a s te rn r e ce s s h e ld i r on p i no rp i ece o fw i r e . C of f in , t h ick p ane l led , i n g r ave . Mound d i s tu rbed , p o s s ib ly b y i n se r t ion o fc en t ra l g r ave? A n ima l t e e th , i r on s t ud , a nd p o ts h e rd s i nf i l lo fm ound . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

2 1 . B ekesbourne I ,A erodrome . I . F ound c .1 936 , i n r ear g arden o f ' Home s tead ' . GRAVE A . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S k e le ton p r e sen t ,n od e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . R ad ia t e -headed . ( 7 515 ) . 2 . B ead s . ( 7 516 ) . 3 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l t h rown b o t t le . N ow l o s t .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s2 23° . G rave a bou t2 . 48 b y0 . 87m , 0 . 76m d eep . U nde ra r ea o fu p roo ted t r ee . A du l t m a le . E x tended s up ine . P a r t s o fs ku l l , l e g sa nd l e f ta rm o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . Wh i t e m e ta l , c a s t o va l l o op . ( 7 546 ) . 2 . B e l t r i ve t s . x 3 c oppe r a l loy s hoe shaped r i ve t s . A tl e f tw a i s t . ( 7 546 ) . 3 . S haf t . I r on , a w l o r p i n . A t l e f t w a i s t . ( 7 599 ) . 4 . P in? I r on . O rh ook ? A tl e f tw a i s t . ( 7 600 ) . 5 .S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . S wan ton t y pe H 3 . ( 7 597 ) .* 6 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd ss ku l l .

I . E xcava ted 1 955 -9 . F .J enk in s . GRAVE 1 . A x i s5 0 ° . G rave c .2 . 45m l o ng , c .1 . 00m w ide , 0 . 76m d eep . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l l t o r i gh t , l e f ta rm c r o s sed o ve rp e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . ' Sma l l ' , i r on , w i th c oppe r a loy t o ngue . B e tween s p ine a nd l e f t u ppe r a rm . ( 7 542 ) . 2 . B uck l e . Wh i t e m e ta l , c a s t o va l l o op w i th s h ie ld o nt o ngue . ( 7 543 ) . 3 . B e l t r i ve t s . x 3 c oppe r a loy s hoe shaped b e l tr i ve t s . A tr i gh tw a i s t . ( 7 543 ) . 4 . K n if e . U nde rl e f te l bow . ( 7 390 ) .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s 3 5° . G rave a bou t 1 . 67 b y 0 . 46m , 0 . 43m d eep . F ragmen t o f p o t te ry i n u ppe r f i l l o f g r ave . J uv en i le , s e x n o t d e te rm ined ( "You th o rg i r l" ) . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l t or i gh t . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . GRAVE 5 . A x i s 4 0 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 09 b y 0 . 86m , 0 . 69m d eep . Two p o t te ry s he rd s f r om s ame v e s se l i n f i l l . O ne p i ece i n u ppe r f i l l,a nd o ne r im f r agmen tu nde rs p ea rhead . A du l t m a le . E x t ended s up ine , u ppe r b ody t i l ted t o l ef t , r i gh t a rm o ve r p e lv i s . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T ol ef to fs ku l l . S wan ton t y pe J .( 7601) . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , c a s t o va l l o op . A t c en t r ew a i s t . ( 7 548 ) . 3 . P in . B one , a tr i gh ts hou lde r . ( 7 584 ) . 4 . K n if e . B e tween l e f t a rm a nd s p ine , p o in t t owa rd ss ku l l . ( 7 602 ) .

2 . B uck l e . C a s t o va l c oppe r a loy l o op a nd t o ngue . ( 7 550 ) . 3 . B e l t r i ve t s . x 2 c oppe r a loy s hoe shaped r i ve t s . N ea rr i gh tw a i s t , d i sp laced b yt r ee r o o t . ( 7 550 ) . GRAVE 9 . A x i s 5 2 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 20 b y 0 . 88m , 0 . 30m d eep . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A t l e f t f o r ea rm . P o in t t owa rd s h ead . W i th i r on ' k nob ' , p a r t o fk n if e h and le ? ( 7 606 ) . 2 . F i t t ing s . C oppe r a loy . C r e scen t shaped p i ece , p l u s ' a t ta chmen t p l a te ' . A t l e f t w a i s t . ( 7 551) . 3 . I r on p la te s . x 2 . N ea rk n if e . ( 7 607? ) .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s 5 1° . G rave a bou t 2 . 70 b y 1 . 15m , 0 . 76m d eep . G rave c u tg r ave 7a nd p o s s ib ly g r ave 8 . A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . E x tended s up ine . F ragmen ta ry s ku l l ,a rm sa nd l e g so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T o l e f to fs ku l l . L eaf shaped b l ade . S wan ton t y pe D l . ( 7 585 ) . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . C a r ina ted , w i th k nob o n a pex . T o l e f t o f s ku l l , 2 3cm a bove b a se o f g r ave , o n s i de p o in t ing o u twa rd s . S t rap g r ip , c oppe ra l loy f i t t ing sa th and le . ( 7 586 /7604 ) . 3 . S wo rd A c ro s sl e f tu ppe rb ody . 4 . K n if e . O u t s ide l e f t f o r ea rm . P o in t t owa rd sh ead . 5 . B uck l e . Wh i t e m e ta l , c a s t o va l l o op w i th s h ie ld o nt o ngu e . A tr i gh tw a i s t . ( 7 549 ) . 6 . B e l ts t ud s . x 3 , c oppe r a loy , s hoe shaped . A tr i gh tw a i s t . ( 7 549 ) .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s 4 9 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 77 b y 1 . 18m , 0 . 33m d eep . D i s tu rbed b y t r ee r oo t a c t ion . O v e r lay a nd d i s tu rbed g r ave 1 . S i ze o f g r av e s ho r tened a f t e rd i gg ing h ad b egun , p robab ly o n d i scove ry o fg r ave 1 . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton l a yt or i gh ts i de o fg rave . F ron ta lp a r t o f s ku l l d amaged b y t r ee r oo t a c t ion . L ef t p e lv i s d i sp laced a nd f o und l y ing o v e r r i gh t p e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B yl e f tf o rea rm ,p o in tt owa rd ss ku l l . GRAVE 1 . A x i s 4 9 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 13 b y 0 . 93m , 0 . 48m d eep . G rave u nde r lay g r ave 1 0 . A du l t f ema le . E x tended s up ine . Mode r a t e ly p r e se rved , b u t s ku l l d i sp laced b y g r ave 1 0 . S ke le ton 1 5 cm b e low g r ave 1 0 . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 19 . G la s s a nd a mbe r . A t n eck . ( 7 539 ) . 2 .B uck le . Wh i te m e ta l , c a s t o va l l o op . S h ie ld o nt o ngue . A tr i gh tw a i s t . ( 7 552 ) . 3 . B e l ts t ud S hoe shaped , c oppe ra loy . W i th 2 . ( 7 552 ) . 4 . R ing . I r on . C o r roded t oge the r w i th 5 . A t c en t re w a i s t . ( 7 609 ) . 5 . R ing . I r on . C o r roded t og e the r w i th 4 . ( 7 6 10 ) . 6 . K n if e . A tl e f tf o r ea rm . 7 . S t rap -end C oppe r a loy . I n t wo p i e ce s , n ex tt or i gh tp e lv i s . ( 7 553 ) .

GRAVE 7 . . 65m l o ng , c u t c . A x i s 4 9 ° . G rave a bou t 1 0 . 6 1m i n to n a tu ra l c ha lk . G rave c u t b y g r av e 6 , a nd m uch d i s tu rbed . C ove r ed b y l i gh t b rown s t icky s o i l . C h i ld ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . B one sd i s tu rbed . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 8 . A x i s 4 0 ° . G rav e a bou t 0 . 54m w ide , c u t b e tw een c . 0 . 61-0 .92m i n to n a tu ra l c ha lk . Much d i s tu rbed , p o s s ib ly b y g r ave 6 . G rave c ove red b y l i gh t b rown s t i cky s o i l . P o t t e ry s h e rd i nf i l l . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . B one s d i s tu rbed , o n ly r i gh ta nd l e f tf emu r sa nd d ecay ed p e lv i s i n p o s i t ion . S ku l lf r agmen t sd i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A t l e f t w a i s t , a t r i gh t a ng le s t o b ody .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s n o t k nown . G rave a bou t 2 . 84 b y 1 . 62m , 1 . 22m d eep . " En t i r e ly d i s tu rbed" . C on t en t s

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . i n d i sc r im ina te ly s t r ewn i nl owe s tf i l l . P r e sence o fp o s s ib le c l ench b o l ts ugg e s t sc of f in . N od e ta i l so fb one sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s f ragmen t . V e ry l i gh t g r een , r im f r agmen to fb ow l . ( 7556 ) . 2 . C opper a l loy f ragmen t . B o s sed r im f r agmen to fb ow l . ( 7 554 ) . 3 . M e ta lf i t t ing s . I r on a nd c oppe r a l loy . B ox f i t t ing s? Wood a t tached . ( 7 6 12 / 14 / 15 ) . 4 . N a i l s . I r on , x 2 . P o s s ib ly c of in b o l t s . ( 7 6 13? ) . 5 .K n if e . 6 . F l in tf l ake . I nl owe s tf i l l . ( 7 555 ) .

G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a l loy . A t r i gh t n eck , p o in t b eh ind s ku l l . ( 7 532 ) . 2 . P in . C oppe r a loy , w i th s ma l l e ye le t . A t l e f tn eck ,p o in tb eh ind s ku l l . ( 7 533 ) . 3 . P in . L onge r t h an 1o r 2 . C oppe r a loy , w i th o vo id f a ce t ted h ead . L y ing h o r izon ta l ly a c ro s su ppe rc he s t ,p o in tt ol e f t . ( 7 531) . 4 . B ead s . x 13 , a mbe r . A t n eck , p robab ly s t rung b e tween p i n s 1a nd 2 . ( 7 534 ) . 5 . B rooch . C ruc if o rm . C oppe r a loy . O n r i gh tb r ea s t . O ne f u l l round k nob . ( 7 535 ) . 6 . B rooch . C ruc if o rm . C oppe ra loy . S l igh t ly l a rge r t h an 4 . O n l e f tb r ea s t . O ne h a lf round k nob . ( 7 536 ) . 7 . B rooch . A nnu la r ( p in m i s s ing ) . A t l e f t w a i s t . ( 7 560 ) . 8 . K n if e . A t l e f t w a i s t . P o in t t owa rd s h ead . ' S he l l shaped ' o b jec ta t tached t oh and le .

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s2 38° . G rave a bou t 1 . 79 b y0 . 67m , 0 . 53m d eep . 0 . 31m d i ame te rp o s th o le b eyond f o o to f g r ave ( po s s ib le m a rke r p o s t ? ) . F ragmen t o f b l a ck p o t te ry i n s u rf a ce s o i l o ve r h ead o f g r ave . A du l t f ema le . E x tend ed s up ine . H and s o n p e lv i s . We l lp r e se rved e xcep tb ack o fs ku l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . A rm let C oppe ra l loy a d ju s tab le w i r er i ng . O n u ppe r c he s t ( s u spended f r om n eck? ) . F ragmen to fi r on a dhe r ing . ( 7 559 ) . 2 . K n if e . U nde r l e f t f o r ea rm a nd e l bow . P o in tt owa rd sh ead .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s 5 6 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 36 b y 0 . 83m , 0 . 50m d eep . D i s tu rbed b yu p roo ted t r ee . P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . I r on p la t e . D iamond shaped . W i th 4 r i ve t s . T race s o fw ood o nb a ck . A bove t o p o f h ead , i na r ea o fd a rk s o i l . ( 7 56 1) . 2 . B ind ing . C oppe ra loy . F ound w i th 2 . 3 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' . P o in tu nde rnea th b uck le . 4 . B uck l e a nd p la te . I r on b uck le , o va l l o op , s qua re e nd o n t o ngue . B eaded r e c tangu la r p l a t e , i n la id w i th s i lve r . P l a t e m a t che s b e l t f i t t ing 1 .A tc en t r ew a i s t ,p l a te t ol e f t . ( 7 537 ) . 5 . B e l t -f i t t ing . C oppe r a loy . R ec tangu la r , w i th b eaded e dge s a l ong l o ng e s t s i de s . P robab ly a t ta che s t ob uck le p l a te 4 . I nu ppe r f i l l o f g r ave , p robab ly d i s tu rbed b y t r ee . ( 7 537 ) .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s2 32 °? G rave a bou t 1 . 31 b y0 . 62m , 0 . 48m d eep . I n f an t . F ragmen to fb one o n ly . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B race l e t . C oppe r a loy e xpand ing r i ng . P robab ly o nr i gh ta rm . ( 7 558 ) . 2 . K n if e . P robab ly b yl e f ta rm . ( 76 18 ) . 3 . P o t t ery v e s se l . "Mug " , w i th h and le . B y h ead? 4 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B ow l , v e ry f r iab le . Mo s t o fn eck l a ck ing a nd b rok en . B a se d e s t royed . B y3 .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s 5 7 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 12 b y 0 . 79m . A ve rag e g r ave d ep th 0 . 23m . G rave d i s tu rbed b yt r ee r oo t s . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S up ine e x t ended . H and s o n p e lv i s . S ku l l t ol e f t . S ku l l d i s tu rbed b yr oo ta c t ion . G rave g ood s : I . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy c a s t o va l l o op , w i th p l a in t o ngue . A tc en t r ew a i s t . ( 7 562 ) .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s 3 6 °? G rave a bou t 1 . 30 b y 0 . 70m , 0 . 6 1m d eep . P robab le i n f an t . B one sc omp le te ly g one . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s 5 2 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 68 b y 0 . 9 1m , 0 . 51m d eep . G rave d i s tu rbed b y b u r row ing a n ima l s . P o r t ion o f ah uman c r an ium ( n o t f r om b ody i n g r ave 1 6 )i ns u rf a ce s o i la bove t h i sg r ave . A du l t f ema le . S up ine , l e g s f l exed s l igh t ly t o l e f t . P oo r ly p r e se rved . F r agmen ta ry s ku l l a nd l e gb one so n ly .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s 5° . G rave a bou t 2 . 06 b y 0 . 77m . A ve rage g r ave d ep th 0 . 18m . Two p o t te ry f r agmen t si nu ppe rf i l l . Ma tch p ede s ta lb a se 9 . A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tended , h and s o n p e lv i s . S ku l l ,r i b sa nd p e lv i sd ecayed .

1 2 5

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 4 .B ead s . x 49 . 1 9a mbe r , 3 0g l a s s . " R ea ch ing t ot h ew a i s t " . ( 7 521) . 5 . S poon . S i lve r g i l t . P e rf o ra t ed b ow l . S wa s t ika o n j unc t ion o f b ow l a nd s t em . B e tween k nee s , b ow lt owa rd sf e e t . ( 7 519 ) . 6 . C ry s ta lB a l l . I ns i lve rs l ing . B e tween l e g s , j u s tb e low k nee s . ( 7 518 ) . 7 . S p ind l e -who r l . B la ck f i r ed c l ay . O u t s id e r i gh tu ppe rt h igh . ( 7 520 ) . 8 . R ing . S i lve r s p i ra l f i ng e r r i ng , o n t h i rd f i nge ro fl e f th and . ( 7 566 ) . 9 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B ow l , b l a ck f a b r ic . C omp le t e ,a tl e f tf oo t . 1 0 . K n if e . A t r i gh t w a i s t , p o in t ing d i agona l ly t owa rd sh ead ( 7 625 /7626 - 2p i ece s ) . 1 . B lad e . I r on . P o s s ib ly l a rg e k n if e o r w eav ing b a t t en . A t l e f t f oo t , f u r th e r d own g r ave t h an p o t . 1 2 . R ing . I r on , f r agmen t o f . A t r i gh t h i p . ( 7 627 ) . 1 3 . I r on f ragmen t . ' M inu t e ' . T o r i gh t o f a bdomen .

G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . T rapezo id c oppe r a loy b uck le w i th s h ie ld o n t o ngue . D eco ra t ed w i th d o t s a nd c i r c le a nd d o tp unch -ma rk s . ( 7 540 ) . 2 . R ive t s . x 3 c oppe r a loy s hoe shaped r i v e t s , d eco ra ted w i th c i r c le a nd d o t p unch m a rk s . A tc en t r ew a i s t . ( 7 540 ) . 3 . B rooch . R ad ia te -headed . S t ra igh t f o o t , 5 k nob s i n la id w i th g a rne t s . J u s t a bove l i ne o f b e l t ,o nr i gh ts i de . ( 7 530 ) .* 4 . B rooch . R ad ia t e -headed . S im i la rt o2 ,b u t c i r c le a nd d o t p unch -ma rk s i n k nob s r a the r t h an g a rne t s . 7 cm b e low b e l t , o n r i gh t s i de . ( 7 529 ) .* 5 7 . R ing c omp l ex . C omp lex o ff o u rc o r roded i r on r i ng s , w i th c oppe r a loy , c a s t h o l low , Ma l te se c r o s s a t ta ched . U nd e r l e f t e l bow . ( 7 62 1-3 ) . 8 .K n if e . F ound a mong s t4 . 9 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . P ede s ta l b a se o n ly . B rown f a b r ic . N ea r s ku l l , b u t n o t o n b a se o f g r ave . P o s s ib ly r e s idua l . 1 0 . O b j ec t? P a t ch o fg r een s t a in ing a nd p u rp le p owde r u nde r r i gh t f o r ea rm . P robab ly f r om c o r roded o b jec t .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s 4 6 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 07 b y 0 . 83m , 0 . 53m d eep . G rave c u t b y e nd o fg rave 2 6 , a nd a l so d i s tu rbed b yt r ee r oo t s . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . E x tended s up ine . L ef t h and o n p e lv i s . B one s " r a the r l a rg e " . S ku l l f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , c a s t o va l l o op w i th p l a in t o ngue . A tr i gh tw a i s t . ( 7 567 ) . 2 . K n if e . U nde rl e f tf o r ea rm . ( 7 628 ) .

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s 3 6 ° . G rave a bou t 1 . 40 b y 0 . 85m . 0 . 25m d eep . I n f an t . M i lk t e e th o n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 3 . 1a mbe r , 2g l a s s . A tw e s t e nd o fg r ave . ( 7 564 ) . GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s 3 8° . G rave a bou t 1 . 50 b y 0 . 42m , c . 0 . 14m d eep . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . F ragmen t s o f s ku l lo n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . ( 7624 ) . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy , c a s to va l l o op o n ly . ( 7 565 ) .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s 4 9 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 03 b y 0 . 4 1m , 0 . 13m d eep . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up in e . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B e l t -p la t e . C oppe r a l loy . A bove r i gh t w a i s t . R ec tangu la rw i th f o u rr i ve t s . ( 7 570 ) . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , c a s t o va l l o op , s h ie ld o nt o ngue . A tc en t r ew a i s t . ( 7 569 ) . 3 . R ive t . C oppe r a l loy s hoe shaped r i v e t . A bove l e f tw a i s t . ( 7 569 ) . 4 . R ing . S i lve r s p i ra l f i nge r r i ng ( f ragm en t s o f ) . O nl e f th and . ( 7 568 ) . 5 . Me ta ls t r ip s . C oppe ra loy o rs i lve r . S ma l l . B yl ef th and . 6 . S p ind l e -whor l . P a r t o f , l e ad . N ea r l e f t h and . ( 7 57 1) . 7 . B ead s . x 20 . 4g l a s s , 1 6a mbe r . ( 7 534 ) . 8 . F l in tf l ake . A tc en t r ep e lv i s . ( 7 572 ) . 9 . Me ta lp i ece s . C oppe ra loy o rs i lve r . S ma l l . N ea rc en t r ep e lv i s .

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s5 7 ° . G rave 2 . 03 b y0 . 60m ,0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tend ed , l e f t h and o n p e lv i s . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . S ku l l v e ry f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , s i lve r . ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 1 ,C la s s 1 . 1) . A t r i gh t s hou lde r . ( 7 517 ) .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy c a s t o va l l o op w i th s h ie ld o nt o ngue . ( 7 522 ) . 3 . B e l t r i ve t s . x 3 c oppe r a loy s hoe s h aped s t ud s . A tl e f tw a i s t . ( 7 522 ) .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 5 8° . G rave a bou t 2 . 25 b y 1 . 00m . S k e le ton " i nadve r t en t ly d i sp la ced b yv i s i to r s" . P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S up ine e x t ended . G rave g ood s : 1 . B e l t -p la t e . ' Sma l l ' . C oppe r a l loy . A t w a i s t . 2 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' .

6 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , c a s t o va l l o op . N o t o ngue . ( 7 573 ) . GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s 7 8 ° . G rave a bou t 1 . 17 b y 0 . 39m . G rav e c u tb y3 2 . C ha lk a nd s o i lf i l l . I n f an t . F ragmen t so fs ku l lo n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s 7 6 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 60 b y 1 . 02m . C u t g r ave s3 1 a nd 3 . D a rk s o i l f i l l . A du l tm a le . E x t ended s up ine . H ea led f r ac tu r e o nr i gh tf o r ea rm . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s 1 06° . G rave a bou t2 . 37 b y0 . 6 1m , 0 . 48m d eep . S hown o n s i t e p l an a s p a r t ia l ly u nde r ly ing g r ave 2 3 , b u t s i t e r e co rd s m ake i t c l ea rt h a tt h i sg r ave i sl a t e ra nd c u t sg r ave 2 3 . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x tended s up ine . L ef t h and u nde rnea th l e f t l e g . P oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 7 7 ° . G rave a bou t2 . 22 b y0 . 59m . C u tb y g r ave 3 2 . C ha lk a nd s o i lf i l l . A du l t f ema le . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l l a nd l e g b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 57 . 2 8 p o lych rome a nd m onoch rome g l a s s , 1 c r y s ta l , 2 8 a mbe r . E x t end ing i n al i ne f r om w a i s t t o m id t h igh . ( 7 528 ) . 2 . P in . I r on . A t c en t r e w a i s t , l y ing h o r izon ta l ly .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s 4 4 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 15 b y 1 . 00m , 0 . 38m d eep . P robab le a du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . P rone , s ku l lf a c ing r i gh t ,r i gh tl e go ve r l e f t . A ppea r ed t oh ave b een r o l led i n to g r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . ( 7 631) . GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s4 4 ° . G rave a bou t0 . 80 b y0 . 60m , d ep th c . 0 . 30m . P robab le c h i ld . N o t r a ce o fs k e le ton s u rv ived . L eng th o fg r ave i n d ica t e sc h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . P o in t t owa rd s SW , o n S E s i de o f g r ave . ( 7632 ) .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s 4 3° . G rave a bou t 2 . 38 b y 0 . 92m . A ve rag ed ep th 0 . 30m . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s 5 8 ° . P r ima ry i nb a r row? G rave c ove r ed b y m ound o fl i gh t b rown s o i l , w h ich h ad b een d i s tu rbed b ym oder np i t s . G rave a bou t2 . 36 b y 0 . 94m ,d ep th c .0 . 20m . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , c l o i sonné se t w i th g a rne t s b a cked b y g o ld f o i l . C oppe r a loy t o ngue s e t w i th r e c tangu la r g a rne t . A t c en t r e w a i s t . ( 7 574 ) . 2 . B e l ts t ud s . x 3 , s i lve r . C i rcu la r h ead s s e t w i th f o i l -back ed g a rne t s . A t c en t r e w a i s t . ( 7 574 ) . 3 . K n if e . U nde rl e f tf o rea rm . 4 . B uck l e . ' Sma l l ' . R ec tangu la r l o op w i th c i r c le -and -do t p unch -ma rk s . U nde r l e f t f o r ea rm . ( 7 575 ) . 5 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy d i sc . O n r i gh t s hou lde r . ( 7 577 ) . 6 . C l ip s . C oppe r a l loy . F i t t ing s t ow ooden o b jec t ? T or i gh to fs ku l l .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave a bou t 2 . 0 1 b y 0 . 64m , c . 0 . 30m d eep . G rave d i s tu rbed b y t r ee r oo t s . N a r row l e dge a th ead e nd o fg r ave . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rv ed e xcep t f o r s ku l l d i s tu rbed b yt r ee r oo t s . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s 4 2°? G rave a bou t 2 . 40 b y 0 . 90m . Emp t ied b ef o re e xcava t ion b egun . F i nd s r e cove red f r om s po i lh eap b yM r .N . J a r v i s . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .B rooch . B i rd b rooch . ( 7 523 ) . 2 . B rooch . B i rd b rooch . ( 7 524 ) . 3 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . ( 7 525 ) . 4 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . ( 7 526 ) . 5 . B ead s . x 25 . 2 4a mbe r , 1c ha lk . ( 7 527 ) .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . N og r av eg ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s4 7 °? G rave 1 . 09m d eep . May h ave b een d i s tu rbed b yu p roo ted t r ee . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

( GRAVE ? 4 1) ( o r ig ina l ly r e co rd ed a s g r av e 3 9 ) . A x i s 6 1°? P o s s ib le g r ave , a lmo s t c omp le t e ly d e s t royed b yg r ave 3 9 . N o b one s s u rv ived . S ku l l a t NE e nd d i sp la ced f r om g r av e4 0 . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 6A ( R e scue A ) . A x i s 4 9 °? G rave a bou t 2 . 20 b y 0 . 55m . E x cava t ed w hen p i t d ug f o r d i spo sa l o f l a rge t r ee r oo t . O r ig ina l ly r e co rd ed a s ' R e scue A ' . G rav ev e ry d i s tu rbed . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . U ppe r p a r t o f s k e le ton o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tw a i s t .

2 2 . B irch ing ton I ,M inn is B ay . I .F ound 1 938 . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 3 7 / 38 . A x i s 4 9 °? G rave a bou t 2 . 30 b y 1 . 20m . D oub le b u r ia l , r e co rded o r ig ina l ly a s R e scue B ,t h en g r av e s3 7 a nd 3 8 . D i scov e r ed w hen p i t d ug f o r d i spo sa l o fl a rge t r ee r oo t , a l ong w i th g r av e3 6 ( Re scue A ) . I r on c l ench b o l ts ugg e s t s c of in . 2s k e le ton ss i d eb ys i de . 3 7 : N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , c a s t o va l l o op . A t w a i s t . ( 7 578 ) . 2 . C l ench b o l t . I r on . A tw a i s t . 3 . C o in . R oman . C on s tan t ine . A tw a i s t . 3 8 : N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . A nnu la r . A tw a i s t . 2 . B ead s . x 3 . Ambe r . A tw a i s t . 3 . C o in s . x 2 . R oman . G o rd ian I , C on s tan t ine . I nh and . 4 . K n if e . A tw a i s t . 5 . C oppe ra l loy p iece .

GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

2 6 . B ishopsbourne I ,B ourne P ark . ( Bourne P ark A ) . I . E xcava ted J u ly 1 6 th , 1 77 1 .

B .

F au s se t t . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave c u t0 . 6 1m b e low n a tu r a l c ha lk s u rf a ce . C of f in ,t h ick p ane l s ,b u rn t . A du l t , s e xn o td e t e rm ined . T ee th v e ry w o r n . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Sma l l , c oa r se b l a ck f a b r ic . B yr i gh ts h ou ld e r . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

GRAVE 3 9( o r ig ina l ly r e co rded a sg r ave 3 7 ) . A x i s 6 9 ° . G rave a bou t 2 . 47 b y 0 . 80m . G rave d i r ec t ly o ve r lay g r ave 4 0 , a nd h ad a lmo s t d e s t royed g r ave 4 1 . S ku l l o f g r ave 4 0 h ad b een r emoved a nd p l a ced a te nd o fg r ave 4 1 . A du l tf ema le . E x tended s up ine . S ku l l t or i gh t , l ow e rl e g sc r o s sed . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . L y ing h o r izon ta l ly a tw a i s t , p o in tt o r i gh t .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave c u t0 . 61m b e low n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf a ce . C of f in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved ,b u tt e e th v e ry w o rn . G rave g ood s : 1 . W i re o rp in . C oppe r a loy , v e ry s l ende r , 1 . 5 cm . N ea ro ru nde rs ku l l .

GRAVE 4 0( o r ig ina l ly r e co rd ed a sg r ave 3 8 ) . A x i s 6 9 . G rave a bou t 2 . 32 b y 0 . 80m . G rave d i r ec t ly u nde r l ie sg r ave 3 9 . A du l t f ema le . E x t ended s up in e , r i gh t h and o n p e lv i s . L a rg e r a nd b e t t e r p r e se rved t h an s k e le ton i n g r ave 3 9 , b u t s ku l l r emov ed b y g r av e3 9 .

GRAVE 3 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry * i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave c u t0 . 6 1m b e low n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf ace . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . " O ld p e r son" . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o ts herd s . O fv e s se l l a rge r t h an ( 2 ) . A t f e e t . C oa r se b l a ck f a b r ic . 2 . P o t s herd s . N ea r r i gh t h i p . C oa r se b l a ck f a b r ic .

A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . D i s tu rbed d u r ing r o ad w iden ing c .1 765 . H uman b one sr e cove red c .1 765 . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on o b jec t s .

I . E xcava ted J une 2 4 th 1 844 , b y Thoma s Wr igh t a nd L ord C onyngham .

GRAVE 4 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row s ma l le r t h an g r ave s 1 3 . G rave c u t 0 . 30m b e low n a tu ra lc ha lk s u r f ace . J uven i le , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . " T ee th . . .no t a l . . .c u t " . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i n" l a rge" b a r row . G rave r e c tangu la r , c u t i n to c ha lk , L .c .4 . 26m , W . b e tween 1 . 83 -2 .13m , D . c . 0 . 9 1m b e low c ha lk s u rf ace . F ou r s o cke t s c u t i n c ha lk a t e a ch c o rne r o fg r ave , a ga in s t h ead a nd f o o t o f g r ave . G rave a ppea r ed t oh ave b een d i s tu rbed . S ke le ton o n ly p a r t ia l ly s u rv ived , f r agmen t s o f s ku l l , l e gb one sa nd s ome t e e th o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S word ? P i ece o f b l ade o n ly , a t f o o t o f g r ave . 2 . H ook I r on , s im i la r t oh ook s o n b o t tom o f b ucke tr im f r om g r ave 1 2 . A tf o o to fg r ave .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave c u t0 . 76m b e low n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf a ce . Mound f i l l c on ta ined h uman b one s f r om a t l e a s t 5i n d iv idua l s ( b a sed o n n umbe ro fs ku l l s )i na dd i t ion t ob ody i nc en t ra l g r ave c u t . A l so i r on o b jec t s a nd o y s te r s h e l l s . C of f i n ,t h ick p ane l s . S ke le ton u nd i s tu rbed , f e e tt oe a s t . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . Sma l l .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row s ma l le r t h an t h a to fg r ave 1 0 , a nd l a yt ot h e e a s to ft h a t g r ave . G rave f i l l w a s c ha lk r u bb le , i nw h ich w a s f o und t wo s h e rd s o f R oman p o t t e ry . D ecompo sed w ood s ugge s t ed p r e sence o f a c of in , a nd p o s s ib ly ab ox b yt h es hou lde r . S ke le ton a lmo s t c omp le te ly d ecompo sed , o n ly s ku l l f r agmen t s u rv iv ing , b u t o u t l ine o f b ody w a st r a ceab le i nt h es o i l . G rave g ood s : 1 . " Hoop s" . F ragmen t s , e mbedded i nw ood . T hough t t o b e r ema in s o f s ma l l b ucke t . A t r i gh tf o o to fg r ave .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave v e ry s h a l low . " Young p e r son" , s ex n o td e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave c u t0 . 76m b e low n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf a ce . 2s k e le ton s . 7 a : A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . " O ld p e r son " . L y ing a bove 7 b . 7 b : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . " O ld p e r son" . L y ing u nde r7 a . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i n" l a rg e" b a r row . B a r row l a yi mmed ia te ly t ow e s to fg r ave 1 0 . S ocke t s c u t i nc ha lk a te ach c or n e r o fg r ave , a ga in s t s i de s . F l oo r o f g r ave w a s " ve ry s moo th ly " c u t , a nd an a r row " gu t te r " h ad b een c u ta l a r ound t h e e dge o ft h eg r ave f l oo r . T he f i l l o ft h e g r ave w a s t h ough t u nu sua l i nt h a t i t c on s i s ted o ff i ne s o i l , r a the rt h an t h ec ha lky f i l l u sua l ly e ncoun te r ed . N ot r ace o f as k e le ton s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ucke t . 3m e ta l h oop s , p l u st h eh and le . A t r i gh th and c or n e ro fg r ave .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . P l a ced p o in t ing d own , i n c en t r eo fl owe rh a lf o fg r ave .*

GRAVE 8 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rg e ' . D iame te r 6 . 10m , h e igh t 1 . 22m . G rave c u t 0 . 9 1m b e low n a tu ra lc ha lk s u rf a ce . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 9 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 3 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s? F ound n ea r( 2 ) . 4 . B r id l e -b i t . I r on? , f ound n ea r( 2 ) .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on? ,f o und n ea r( 2 ) .* 6 . N a i l s . W i th l a rge o rnamen ta l h ead s , f o und n ea r( 2 ) . 7 . N a i l s . Sma l l , " mo s t ly o f b ra s s" . F ound n ea r( 2 ) . 8 . R ing w i th 2l i nk s . I r on , a tr i gh t low e rs i de o fg r ave . P o s s ib ly b r id le f i t t ing . 9 . I r on p o in t . S a id t or e semb le " t he p o in t o f s ome w eapon" . O nl e f t -hand s i de o fg r ave . 1 0 . B ow l . G i l t -coppe r a loy , d i ame te r c . 3 0cm . 2i r on h and le s . P l aced o n e dge a ga in s t s i de o fg r ave ,a tu ppe r r igh tc o rne r .* 1 . C oun te r s . O ne o fb one , o ne o f S am ian . D i sc s w i th c onvex t o p a nd f l a t u nde r s ide . A pp rox .2 2mm d i ame te r .

2 9 . B ishopsbourne I I . I . F ound 1 973 ,d ur ing e xcava t ion a head o fr oad -work s . A .C . Hogar th . ( GRAVES 1 23 . ) R eco rd su nava i lab le a tp r e sen t .

3 1 . Boughton A luph I . I .F ound 1 719 -20 . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ke le ton s a id t ob em a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .S word " La rge" .

I I . E xcava ted S ep t . 1 0 th 1 844 , d ur ing i s tC ongre s s o ft he BAA .

GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ke le ton s a id t ob em a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . C on ica l .* 2 . B rooch o rb race le t . P enannu la r .* 3 . S pea rhead*

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rav e a pp rox . 0 . 52m " be low s u rf ace" . L ef t s i d e o f g r ave c u t f i l led w i th f l in t s . D ecayed w ood o ve r a nd u nde r s ku l l , a nd r ema in s o f p l ank s a tf o o t , s ugge s t ed c of in . P a t che s o f c ha r coa la pp rox . 1 2mm t h ick f o und o ve rb ody . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . F ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . A round n eck . 2 . " Ca sk e t" . R ema in so f ,b yh i p . 3 . G la s s v e s se l . F ragmen t s o f as ma l l , t h in , g r een v a se , a tf oo t o fg r ave o n l e f ts i de . P a lm c up , H a rden t y pe X b .9 ( p la in w i th o u twa rd f o lded r im ) .* 4 . P o t t ery v e s se l . I n f r agmen t s . Whee l t h rown b i con ica l b ow l , E v i son t y pe 3 c .5 ( t a l l w i th v e r t ica l r im ) . A t f o o t o f g r ave o n r i gh t s i de .* 5 . P u r se . Me ta l r im p l u s d ecayed o r gan ic r ema in s . F ound i n s ide ( 4 ) .

I . F ound 1 903 . GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .S word . B lade L .7 5cm ,h i l tL . 1cm . 2 . T r ipod s t and I r on , f r agmen t s o f w ood a dhe r ing . 3 " b ranche s" t o w h ich w ood a dhe r e s . H .2 1cm . 3 . S pea rhead 4 . " P ick h ead" . I r on . 5 . K ey . C oppe ra loy . 6 . H ing e . 7 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . 8 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 9 . B uck le f ragmen t s . C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . " Spu r" . 1 . B e l tf i t t ing s . x 2 . 1 2 . K n if e . " Sma l l" . 1 3 . I r on p i ece s . 1 4 . C o in s . x 10 , R oman .

GRAVE 1 4 . I nb a r row . 2s k e le ton s . ( 1 4A ) : F ound w i th in c . 0 . 30m o f a pex o f b a r row . Ma le , a g e 3 0 -40 y ea r s . T hough tt ob e m od er nb ye xam in ing p hy s ic ian . 1 4B : P oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton , i n g r ave c . 0 . 83m b e low 1 4A . G rav eg ood s( w i th 1 4B ) : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s . M inu t e ,o nl ef ts i de . 2 . S pea rhead I np i ece s . O nl e f ts i de . 3 . B uck l e . B yr i b s . 4 . K n if e . B e low ( 3 ) . 5 . P o t t e ry s he rd P o s s ib ly r e s idua l .

3 2 . Boughton-under -B lean I . I .F ound 1 716 . GRAVE 1 .

1 30

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . N od e ta i l so fg r av er e co rded . S k e le ton s a id t ob em a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd I nf r agmen t s . 2 . C o in . R oman ,A n ton inu sP i u s .

4 . B ead P o lych rome g l a s s ,b l ack a nd w h i t e . 5 . O b jec t . L ea the r f r agmen t w i th s i lve r f o i l a t ta ched . GRAVE I . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le ( Ev i son t y pe l g .4 ) .*

3 3 . Box lev I ,L ids ing . I .F ound c .1 881 .

GRAVE I I . G rave a bou t 1 . 52m l o ng . R oman t i l ea nd b r ick i nf i l l . ' Ay oung p e r son ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 16 . 7a me thy s t s , 5g l a s s , 4 c ow r ie s h e l l . 2 . E a r r ing . S i lve rw i r e . 3 . K n if e . Sma l l . 4 . K ey .

GRAVE 1 . G rav ea pp rox .0 . 91m b e low g r ound s u rf ace . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l s . 2 . B ead s .

3 8 . B rabourne I ,E as t B rabou me .

GRAVE I V . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : I . B ead s . x 46 ,a mbe ra nd g l a s s . N ea rh ead . 2 . B ead s . x 11 , a mbe r a nd /o r g l a s s , a r ound r i gh ta rm . 3 . B ead s . x 2 , l a rge , a mbe r a nd /o r g l a s s . N ea rw a i s t . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . 5 . B rooch . I r on , f r agmen to f . 6 . K n if e . Sma l l .

I . F ound Aug -Sep t . 1 955 , d ur ing c on s truc t ion o fb unga low . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . O n ly f r agmen t so fs ku l lf o und . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s .

I . F ound c . 1 995 , A r chaeo log ica lG roup .

A shf ord

GRAVE V . A c tua l ly t h r ee i n te r -cu t t ing g r ave s , s i de b y s i de . V a : A du l t . V b : A du l t . V c : C h i ld . G rave g ood s( mo s t ly w i th c h i ld ) : 1 . B rooch . F rank i sh d i sc . 2 . B race l e t . C oppe ra loy w i r e . 3 . R ing s . x 2 , i r on . 4 . B rooch . A nnu la r , c oppe ra l loy , ' t h in ' . 5 . B ead s . c .1 00 ,m a in ly g l a s sa nd a mbe r . 6 . B uck e t . Wooden ,m in ia tu r e .

GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S ke le ton p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S k e le ton p r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

4 0 . B roads ta irs I .B rads tow S choo l . I . E xcava ted F ebruary 1 910 . Hurd .

GRAVE V I . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead 6 1cm l o ng . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy .

H .

GRAVE I . N od e ta i l so fg r av eo rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s sv e s se l . C law b eak e r . 2 . T wee ze r s . x 2 ,c oppe ra loy . 3 . B rooche s . x 2 ,c oppe ra loy ,a nnu la r .

I . E xcava ted 1 911 . H . Hurd . GRAVE E .

1 3 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . A x i s SW -NE . G rave c u t i n to d i tch o f p r eh i s to r ic b a r row . A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , l o op o n ly . N ea r w a i s t . 2 . S t ud s . x 3 ,c oppe ra loy . 3 . K n if e . 4 . R ing . I r on ,s ma l l . 5 . B ead S t one . GRAVE I . A x i s NW -SE . G rave c u t i n to d i t ch p r eh i s to r ic b a r row . A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,n ea rw a i s t . 2 . K n if e .

A x i s NW -SE . G rave c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . A long s ide , a nd p o s s ib ly i n t e r c u t t ing ,g r ave S . A du l tm a le . G rave g r ave s : 1 . S wo rd 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . GRAVE S . A x i s NW -SE . G rave c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . A long s ide , a nd p o s s ib ly i n t e r c u t t ing ,g r av eR . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . B yw a i s t . 2 . R ing . I r on . 3 . H ook . I r on . 4 . K n if e . 5 . O b jec t . I r on .

o f

GRAVE L . A x i s SW -NE . G rave c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . S cea t ta s . x 8 ,s i lve r . 3t y pe A , 5t y pe B ( c . 6 85 -700 ) . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . K n if e . 4 . G i rd l e -hang e r so rk ey s . x 2 .

GRAVE T . A x i s NW -SE . G rave c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE U . A x i s NW -SE . G rave c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . 3p i ece so fR oman b r ick i nf i l l . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . F ragmen t . I r on .

GRAVE 0 ( =g rave 7 3 ) . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t s e dg e o f p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . A du l tm a le . L eg b roken a nd h ea led . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh t s i de , p o in t t owa rd s s hou lde r . 2 . K n if eo rs eax . ' Long ' ,n ea rl e f ta rm . 3 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . B yl e f tf i nge r s . 4 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . B o s s ,g r ip a nd f i t t ing s . O n l e f tk nee . 5 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy .

I I . E xcava ted 1 970 -74 . L . Web s ter f o rB r i t i sh Mu seum . ( GRAVES 1 98 . ) I np ub l ica t ion ,L . Web s t e r .

4 2 . B roads ta irs I I , S t . P e ter 's .

GRAVE Q . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . N ea rw a i s t . 2 . B e l ts t ud s . x 3 , c oppe ra loy . 3 . B ead s . x 10 , a mbe r . 4 . K n if e . B yl ef ta rm . 5 . ' S p ik e ' . I r on . N ea rc o l la rb one . 6 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

I . E xcava ted 1 969 -71 , a head o f d igg ing o fr e fu se t i p . A .C . H ogar th . ( GRAVES 1 388 . ) I np roce s so fp ub l ica t ion ,C .H a i th .

I . F ound p re -1 973 . A .C . Hogar th . ( GRAVES 3 89 -99 . ) R eco rd sn o ta va i lab le .

GRAVE R .

1 32

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C .

4 3 . C an terbury I ,Ma r ty r 's F ie ld .

5 6 . C har tham I ,C har tham D own .

I .F ound b ef ore 1 958 .

I .E xcava ted J une 1 730 . C .F agg .

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave . S k e le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead P o lych rome g l a s s .

GRAVE A ( Doug la s 's T umu lu sV ) . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e served . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . P l a t ed d i sc ( Aven tC la s s 5 ,c o rpu s n o . 1 62 ) .* 2 . G la s s v e s se l . S qua tj a r ? A t h ead . B rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion . 3 . G la s sv e s se l . S qua tj a r . A th ead , n ea r( 2 ) . Y e l low i sh -g reen . C on ta ined w h i te p owde r . 4 . G em? s t one . Sma l l ,r ound ,t u rquo i se . N ea r o ri n( 2 ) .* 5 . P endan t s . x 2 . G o ld , ' d rop ' t y pe , s e t w i th o va lg a rne t s . N ea ro ri n( 2 ) .* 6 . P endan t . G o ld , f i l ig r ee c r o s sa nd c i rc le s .* 7 . P in . G o ld ,w i th c ha in . C i r cu la rh ead .* 8 . C ry s ta l b a l l . D iame te r 4 cm . S eve ra l f l aw s .* 9 . C oppe r a l loy b ow l . A t h ead . D iame t e r I 7 cm , d ep th 4 . 5cm . 1 0 ? P o t te ry v e s se l . B lack f a b r ic . D oub tf u l p r ovenance . 1? P o t te ry v e s se l . R ed f a b r ic . D oub tf u l p r ovenance . 1 2? B uck l e . Sma l l , s i lve r . D oub tf u l p r ovenance .

4 7 . C anterbury V , S tour S t ree t . I . F ound d ur ing r e scue e xcava t ion s , 1 980 , C an terbury A rchaeo log ica l T ru s t . ( GRAVE 1 . ) Mu l t ip le b u r ia l i np i t . P i t p o s s ib ly a s soc ia t ed w i th l a y e r o f b l ack l o am , p o s s ib ly a p o s t R oman a bandonmen t l a ye r . O rgan ic l a ye r i n b a se o fp i t , s ugge s t ive o fr ema in s o fp o s s ib le m o r tua ry s t ruc tu re . F ou r h uman s k e le ton s . B one s i n s ome d i sa r ray . A l so t h es k e le ton so ft wo ( ? )d og s . A : A du l tm a le . B : A du l tf ema le . C : C h i ld . D : C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . P e r sona l o rnamen t s . V a r iou s , a s soc ia t ed w i th f ema le a nd c h i ld ren .

GRAVE B . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . P o s s ib le c r ema t ion d i s tu rbed b yb u r ia l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t ery v e s se l . R ed f a b r ic ; 9 cm w ide a tt o p , 1 5cm " i nt h eb e l ly " ,9 . 5cm w ide a tb o t tom . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . ' La rge ' , b l a ck f a b r ic . C on ta ined b u rn tb one s . D i s tu rbed c r ema t ion?

4 8 . C an terbury V I , O ld Wes tga te F arm . I . F ound F ebruary / March 1 982 , d ur ing r e scue e xcava t ion s , C an terbur yA rchaeo log ica lT ru s t . ( GRAVES 1 4 . ) Awa i t ing p ub l ica t ion , A rcha eo log ica lT ru s t .

GRAVE C . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B lack . W i th l i d . B rok en , " con ten t ss p i l t "( c rema t ion ur n? ) . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck . B roken , " con ten t s s p i l t "( c r ema t ion u rn? ) .

C an t e rbu ry

5 2 . C an terbury X , S t . P ancras ' . I .E xcava ted 1 975 ,F .J enk in s .

GRAVE D . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row l a rg e r t h an A -C . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

( GRAVE 1 . ) D e ta i l so fg r ave n o to b ta ined . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .C o in . S cea t , S e r ie s V( t ype 7 ) ,c .7 20 -725 .

1 3 3

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 4 . P o ts he rd C oa r se , b l ack f a b r ic . I nm ound p o s s ib ly r e s idua l .

GRAVE E . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld w i th f i l ig r ee o r namen t a nd s u spen s ion l o op . A tn eck . 2 . B ead s . x 4 . Ame thy s t s . A tn eck . 3 . P in s . C oppe r a l loy . P e rf o ra ted d i sco id h ead s . O ne w i th c r o s s i n s tead o fp o in t . 4 . C ha t e la ine s . C o r roded i r on ' l ump s ' , w i th c oppe ra l loy p i n sa nd h ange r sf u sed t ot h em .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE F . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rg e ' . D iame t e r 9 . 15m , h e igh t 1 . 83m . H uman a nd a n ima l ( h o r se? )b one s i nm ound f i l l . G rave c u t ' l a rge ' . C of f in w i th i r on a nd c oppe r a loy f i t t ing sa nd r i ve t s . S k e le ton i n comp le te . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

B a r row

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row " p r e t ty l a rge" . G rave n ea r ly 1 . 22m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

I . E xcava ted O c tober 5 th , 1 773 . B .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 91m d eep . C off in , b u rn t . G rave 9u nde rs ame mound . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . T ee th " r egu la ra nd s ound " . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead ' L a rge ' ,b rok en . O paque g l a s s?

F au s se t t . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row " ve ry s ma l l" . G rave c u t0 . 76m b e low n a tu ra l g r ound s u rf a ce . C off in ,b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . S t ra igh te dge ,a ng led b a ck . 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,r e c tangu la rl o op .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i nb a r row . S ame b a r row a sg r ave 8 . G rave c l o se t ol e f ts i de o fg r ave 8 . J uven i le . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e served . G rave g ood s : 1 .P endan t . S i lve rc r o s s . W i th c en t ra lb o s so f s i lve r s e t i n g o ld s o cke t . I n te r lac ing d e s ign d own f o o t . N ea rn eck .* 2 . R ing s . x 2 . S i lve rw i r es l ipkno t s . N ea r( 1 ) .* 3 . B ead s . x 3 ,s ma l lg l a s s . N ea r( 1 ) .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave v e ry s ha l low a nd r a the rs ho r t . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

B a r row C of f in ,

B a r row

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i nb a r row . B a r row " l ow b u t b road" . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . G rave 1 u nde rs ame m ound . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S t rap -end s . x 2 , s i lve r . 3s i lve rr i ve t s e a ch . L ea the ra t ta ched . N ea rr i gh th i p .* 2 . S hea r s . I r on ,s ma l l . N ea rr i gh th i p . 3 . B ind ing . C oppe ra loy p i ece , d oub led o ve r . L ea the ra t ta ched . N ea rr i gh th i p .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le t ol a rge ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of f in , t h ick p ane l s ,b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy , 1w i th s phe r ica l h ead , 1w i th c onvex d ome h ead . N ea rs k u l l .* 2 . I r on p i ece . Sma l l , t e x t i le r ema in s a dh e r ing . N ea rs ku l l .* 3 . K n if e . N ea rl ef th i p .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i nb a r row . U nde r s ame b a r row a s ,a nd t ol e f to f ,g r ave 1 0 .

1 34

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rl e f th i p . ' La rge ' . 2 . B uck le . I r on ,r e c tangu la rl o op . 3 . ' S p ike ' . I r on , 1 .5 cm . N ea r r i gh t f o o t . F e r ru le? GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . I r on . N ea rn eck . L .4 cm . 2 . K n if e . N ea rl e f th i p .

B a r row C off in ,

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . b u rn t . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

B a r row C off in ,

B a r row C of f in ,

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . S ku l l" had t h e f r on ta l s u tu r e" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row " p r e t ty l a rg e " . G rav e 1 . 22m w ide , 1 . 68m d eep . C of f in ,v e ry t h ick p ane l s ,b u rn t . " Bon e sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . S i lve r , a m e thy s t d rop . N ea r n eck .* 2 . B ead Ame thy s td rop . N ea rn eck . 3 . R ing s . x 3 . S i lve r s l ipkno t w i re , 2w i th 2 s ma l l g l a s s b ead s t h read ed o n t h em , 1w i th s i ng le b a r r e l shaped g l a s s b ead . N ea r n eck . E a r r ing s .* 4 . B ead s . x 2 , s i x s ided l o ng c y l ind r ica l g l a s s b ead s ,e ach g r een a nd y e l low .

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . A n ima l j aw i n m ound . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . b ur n t . G rave 2 2u nde rs ame m ound . C h i ld ," bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' , a nd ' i r regu la r ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A n ima lb one sa nd h o rn i nm ound . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on .

B a r row C of in ,

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i nb a r row . U nde r s ame m ound a sg r ave 2 1 . " Con t en t sa sg r ave 2 1" . GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . b u rn t . O y s te rs h e l l s i nm ound . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

I I . E xcava ted O c tober 1 3 th , 1 773 . GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rge ' . G rave a lmo s t 1 . 83m d eep . A du l t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . A rm l e t s . x 2 . C oppe r a loy . L ink ed t o g e the r . B yr i gh tk nee .* 2 . K ey . C oppe ra l loy . R oman .*

B a r row C of in ,

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' v e ry l a rge ' . G rave 2 . 44m l o ng , 1 . 22m w ide , 1 . 83m d eep . C off in ,b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 7 .

GRAVE 2 5 .

1 3 5

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on , n ea r h i p s . T ex t i le r ema in s a dhe r ing .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a rrow . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 61 m d eep . b one s i nf i l lo f mound . " Bone s a lmo s tg one" . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C of f in , b u rn t . " Bone sa lmos tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in o rs t y lu s . C oppe ra l loy , 1 .1 8cm . N ea r r i gh th i p . L ea the ra dhe r ing .* 2 . B uck le . I r on . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave n ea r ly 0 . 91m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . G i rd l e h ange r . I r on c ha in w i th f i gu r e -of -8 l i nk s , r i ng s a te ach e nd w i th h ook s s u spended f r om t h em . B yu ppe rl ef tl e g .* 2 . K n if e . C u rved p o in t .*

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . No g rave g ood s .

I V . E x cava ted O c tober 2 1s t , 1 773 . B . F au s se t t .

B a r row C off in ,

GRAVE 3 5 . n b a r row . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . b ur n t . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . No g rave g ood s .

B a r row C off in ,

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B one s d i s tu rbed . No g rave g ood sr e cove r ed .

B a r row

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 61 m d eep . B one s d i s tu rbed . No g rave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B one s d i s tu rbed . No g rave g ood sr e cove red .

B a r row C off in ,

GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld . S ke le ton " a lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . V e ry s ma l l , 1 . 14cm . b l ade . R ive t ed s ocke t .*

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . C off in ,b ur n t . S ke le ton w e l lp re se rved . N o gave g ood s . GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . No g rave g ood s .

B a r row A n ima l

B a r row

GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s W-E .

P r ima ry i n b a r row .

' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . No g rave g ood s .

1 36

B a r row C off in ,

B a r row

B a r row

B a r row

B a r row

A ngu la r

B a r row

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C .

GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' .

A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . C of f in ,b u rn t . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , w i th c oppe r a loy p l a t e . ' Sma l l ' . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . ' Sma l l ' . 3 . K n if e .

B a r row

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C of f in , b u rn t . 2h uman s k e le ton sd i s tu rbed i nm ound . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .C up -moun t s . S i lve r . A tf e e t .*

GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C of f in , b u rn t . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on ,t e x t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

B a r row

B a r row

V . E xcava ted Apr i l 1 3 th , 1 764 . B . F au s se t t . ( No te s m i s la id f or many y ear s b y F au s se t t , h ence n umber ing ) .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s ized ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . C off in , t h ick p ane l s , b u rn t . C ha r coa l a nd o y s te r s h e l l s i nm ound m ake -up . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P in . S i lve r , g a rne t s s e t i ng o ld s o ck e t s o n b o th s i de so ff l a t tened h ead . N ea rn eck .* 2 . B ead B lue g l a s s , s u spended o n t w i s t ed p i ece o fg o ld w i r e . N ea rn eck .* 3 . K n if e . N ea rr i gh th i p . 4 . B ox . Wood r ema in s a nd c oppe r a loy h i ng e sa nd f i t t ing s . A tf e e t .* 5 .L ock? C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . 2s k e le ton s . 5 0A : A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . T ee th v e ry w o rn . L y ing a bove 5 0B . 5 0B : A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . T ee th v e ry w o rn . A ppa ren t d ef o rm i ty o f s ku l l . L y ing u nde r5 0A . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 1 . 37m d eep . C of f in , v e ry t h ick p ane l s , b ur n t . D i s tu rbed c r ema t ion b u r ia l ,p l u sh uman b one ,b u rn tm a t e r ia l , a n ima l b one sa nd o y s te rs h e l l s i nm ound . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' v e ry s ma l la nd l ow ' . G rave 0 . 30m d eep . C h i ld ," bone sa lmo s tg one " . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 5 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rav e0 . 9 1m d eep . " Bone sa lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave v e ry s h a l low . L oca t ed b y p r obe . C h i ld ,b one s" a lmo s tg on e" . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e s se l . Sma l l p o t w i th r ounded b a se . B lack . A tf e e t .*

GRAVE 5 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . ' sma l l ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . 2s k e le ton s . 5 3A : C h i ld ,b one s" a lmo s tg one" .

GRAVE 4 7 .

1 37

B a r row

B a r row

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 5 3B : C h i ld ,b one s" a lmo s tg one" . N og r ave g ood s .

1 . L ac e tag . C oppe ra l loy . F ound n ea r 1a nd 2 . 1 2 . B uck l e . Sma l l . C oppe r a loy , k i dney s haped l o op , ' h ea r t shaped ' p l a t e . F ound n ea r 1 .* 1 3 16 . C o in s . x 4 , R oman , s i lve r a nd c oppe r a loy . P e rf o ra ted f o rs u spen s ion . I n c lude s o ne o fA n th em iu s( AD 4 67 -72 ) . W i th 1 0 .* 1 7 -20 . B ead s . x 4 , g l a s s . 2 3 p o ly ch rome , 1 m e lon b ead . W i th c o in s .* 2 1 . B ead s . x 6 . Ambe r . N ea ra rm .* 2 2 . K n if e . O nl ef ts i de ,c l o se t o 1a nd 2 . *

5 8 . C ha tham I ,C ha tham L ines . I . E xcava ted D oug la s .

1 779 t o 1 782 .

J .

GRAVE I . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i nb a r row . D i tch a r ound b a r row . G rave 2 . 44m l o ng , 0 . 92m w ide , 1 . 22m d eep . R ece s sa tf oo to fg r ave . A du l t ,m a le . S up ine e x tended . G rav eg ood s : I .S h i e ld -bo s s . W i th i r on s t rap -g r ip . B e tw een t h igh s .* 2 . S h i e ld f i t t ing s . x 4 i r on d i sc s .* 3 . S wo rd B y l e f t l e g . R ema in s o fw ooden s c abba rd .* 4 . S pea rhead T o r i gh t o f s ku l l . A ngu la r b l ade .* 5 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , o va l l o op , s h ie ld -on t o ngue . A tl e f th i p .* 6 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . I n r e ce s sc u ti n to f o o to fg r ave .* 7 . K n if e . C u rved e dg e a nd b ack . B e s ide r i gh t h i p .*

GRAVE I . P r ima ry i nb a r row , c l o se t o Ia nd I . A du l tm a le . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead A tr i gh ts hou lde r .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B e tw een l e g s .* 3 . K n if e . O n l e f t ,n ea rm idd le o fb ody .* 4 . B uck le . I r on ,p a r to f , n ea rk n if e .* GRAVE I V . A x i s N -S . P r ima ry i n b a r row , a pp rox . 2 8m f r om g r ave s I I I . B a r row 0 . 46m h i gh . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . J uven i le /young a du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . B a se c up , g r een . I n ve r t ed , n ea rl ef tc en t r eo fb ody .* 2 . R ing . S i lve r , f i ng e r r i ng . S p i ra l c o i l a s b eze l . N ea rh and .* 3 . B rooch . R ad ia te b rooch , g i l t s i lv e r / coppe r a loy . L oz eng e f o o t . N ea rc r y s ta lb a l l .* 4 . C ry s ta l b a l l . S i lve r moun t s a nd l o op . O n l e f ts i de ,c l o se t o1 . * 5 . C o in s . x 4 , R oman , s i lve r a nd c oppe r a loy .* 6 . P in . C oppe ra loy . N ea rl e f ts i de .* 7 . K n if e . N ea rl e f ts i de .* 1 . B ead s . x 36 a mbe r , d oub le r ow n ea r n eck .* 9 . B ead s . x 2 ,g l a s s . N ea rs i de o fs k e le ton .*

GRAVE I . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row 1 . 52m h i gh . " Sha rd s a nd p ebb le s" i nf i l l . T ra ce s o f p o s s ib le c of in . J uven i le o ry oung a du l tf ema le . G r ave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy , r a d ia te -headed . 3 k nob s . P a i r w i th 2 . O n l e f t s i de , n ea r l owe s t v e r t eb rae .* 2 . B rooch . R ad ia t e -headed , c oppe r a loy . P a i rw i th 1 .F ound n ea r 1 . * 3 . B rooch . K en t i sh s ma l l s qua r e -headed . C oppe ra loy . P a i rw i th 4 . O n l e f ts i de , l ow e r t h an 1a nd 2 . * 4 . B rooch . K en t i sh s ma l l s qua r e -headed . C oppe ra loy ,p a i rw i th 3 . W i th 3 . * 5 . B uck le . I r on a nd c oppe r a loy , w i th r e c tangu la rp l a te . C lo se t o 1a nd 2 . * 6 . R ing . I v o ry , p a r to f . O nr i gh ts i de , c l o se t o 7a nd 8 . * 7 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch . C oppe ra loy . O n b r ea s t ,n ea rc o l la rb one .* 8 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch . C oppe r a loy . W i th 7 . * 9 . S poon . S i lve r , p e r f o ra t ed b ow l , g a rne t s i n la id o nh and le . B e tween t h igh s .* 1 0 . R ing s . x 10 . S l ip -kno t s i lve r w i re , w i th b ead st h r eaded o n . N ea rp e lv i s .*

GRAVE V I . A x i s N -S . P r ima ry i nb a r row , n ea r c en t r e o f c l u s t e ro fb a r row s . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , g i l tc oppe ra loy . P a i rw i th 2 . N ea rm idd le o fr i gh ts i de .* 2 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed , g i l tc oppe ra loy . P a i rw i th 1 .F ound w i th 1 . 3 . B rooch . R ad ia te -headed . G i l t c oppe r a loy . T h r ee k nob s o n h ead -p la t e . F ound n ea r 1a nd 2 . * 4 . T ubu la r m oun t s . x 10 . C oppe r a loy , D s h aped s e c t ion . F ound a r ound w a i s t .*

1 38

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . 5 . B e l t f i t t ing s? x 2 , c oppe r a loy . F ound w i th 4 . * 6 . R ing s . C a s tc oppe ra loy . x 7 . F ound w i th 4 . * 7 . K n if e . F ound n ea rb rooche s .* 8 . B ead s . x 43 ,g l a s s ,a mbe r .* 9 . B ead s . x 2 , c r y s ta l . F ound n ea r b rooche s .* 1 0 . F ragmen t S i lve r , f o und w i th 9 . *

3 . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a l loy , w i th s u spen s ion r i ng . W i th b uck le a nd k n if e .* 4 . C o in . R oman . P o s s ib ly r e s idua l .* 5 . K n if e . N ea rl ef ts i de ,w i th b uck le .* GRAVE XV I I /XV I I I . A x i sN -S . P r ima ry i nb a r row? R eco rded a s ad oub le i n huma t ion ,b u tp robab le t h a t XV I I Iw a s i n se r t ed l a te r ,d i s tu rb ing XV I I . XV I I : A du l t f ema le . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , l e f t s i de o fs k e le ton o n ly s u rv ived . R igh ts i de p robab ly r emoved b y XV I I I . G rave g ood s : 1 . A rm l e t C oppe ra l loy . D eco ra t ed , r i ve t ed t e rm ina l s . A round l e f ta rm .* 2 . B race l e t . C oppe ra loy . P enannu la r .* 3 . B race l e t . C oppe r a loy . R ive ted t e rm ina l s .* 4 . A rm l e t G la s s , t r an spa r en t l i gh t g r een . L ef ta rm .* 5 . R ing . F i nge r r i ng , c oppe r a loy . A round f i nge rb one .* 6 . R ing . I r on . N ea rb ead s .* 7 . B ead s . x 20 ,b l ue g l a s s . A round l e f ta rm .* XV I I I : A du l t f ema le . B one s b e t te r p r e se rv ed t h an XV I I . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . Sma l l K en t i sh s qua r e -headed . G i l t s i lve r .* 2 . B e l t s tud s . S hoe shaped . C oppe r a loy . P a i r .* 3 . G o ld b ra id .* 4 . B rooch . R ad ia te -headed . S i lv e r g i l t , 5 g a rne t se tk nob s , l o zeng ef o o t . A tw a i s t .* 5 . R ing . S p i ra ls i lve rf i nge rr i ng .* 6 . R ing . C oppe ra loy ,u nde rp e lv i s .* 7 . R ing s . I r on ,f r agmen t so f . 8 . B ead s . x 4 1 . 3 a mbe r a nd 8 g l a s s . A t n eck .* 9 . R ing . I v o ry ,p a r to f ,n ea rl e f ts i de .* 1 0 . B one . Wo rked a nd d eco ra t ed .* 1 . D i sc . Me ta l .* 1 2 . L ead p iece . C i r cu la r ,p e r f o ra ted .* 1 3 . F ragmen t . S i lve r ,c l ipped .*

GRAVE I X . A x i s N -S . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave u nde r 0 . 92m d eep . A du l t , s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton l a rg e a nd w e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -g r ip . I r on , p a r t o f . O n l e f ts i de o f b ody ,a bou tc en t r e .* 2 . A r row h ead s . Seve ra l ' .* GRAVE X . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rav eo v e r 1 . 22m d eep . A du l t , s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S h i e ld -g r ip . T owa rd sc en t r eo fb ody .* GRAVE X I . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rav ea bou t0 . 92m d eep . A du l t , s e x n o tr e co rded . B one s l a rge a nd w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing s . ' S eve ra l ' , i r on ,c o r roded t o g e the r .* GRAVE X I I . A x i s N -S . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . P ebb le si nf i l l . J uv en i le . B one s much p e r i sh ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc b r ooch , c l a s s 3 . 1 ( Av en tc o rpu sn o .7 2 ) . N ea rb r ea s t .* 2 . B ead s . x 25 . Ame thy s t s , g l a s s , a mbe r . N ea rh ead .* 3 . P endan t . G o ld . O va l , w i th a me thy s t s e t t ing . W i th b ead s .* 4 . C oppe r a l loy o b jec t s . x 2 . P e rf o ra t ed . W i th b ead s .* 5 . K ey s . I r on ,x 3 . W i th i r on s u spen s ion r i ng .*

GRAVE X IX . P r ima ry i n b a r row? N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . J uven i le? B one ss ma l la nd m uch p e r i shed . G rav eg ood s : 1 . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a loy . O n r i gh t s i d e , n ea rp e lv i s .* 2 . R ing . I r on . O nr i gh ts i de .* 3 . B ead s . x 10 , 8a mbe r , 2p o lych rom e g l a s s . N ea rn eck .* 4 . F ragmen t s . 1l e ad , w i th i r on f r agmen t s a dhe r ing .* 5 . F o s s i l . A ts i de ,n ea r2 . *

GRAVE XV I . P r ima ry i n b a r row . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rd ed . B one sv e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . A tr i gh ts i de .* 2 .B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , w i th t r i angu la r p l a t e , s h ie ld -on tongue , r e c tangu la r l o op . O n l e f t s i de .*

1 39

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 6 .

B ead Ambe r ,a ts i de ,w i th 5 . *

GRAVE D . P r ima ry i n b ar row ? N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . I v o ry . N ea rh ume ru s . 2 . B ead s . Ambe ra nd g l a s s . 3 . B uck l e . I r on ,s qua r e . 4 . K n if e . A bove l e f tf emu r . 5 . R ing . C oppe ra loy . 6 . R ing . I r on . 7 . C o in s . x 2 , R oman . V ic to r inu s a nd V a le r ianu s .* 8 . B ead

GRAVE XX . P r ima ry i nb a r row? G rav ea bou t0 . 30m d eep . J uven i le? B one s v e ry s ma l l , a nd m u ch p e r i shed . G rave g ood s : I . R ing . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . A bov ep e lv i s .* 3 . B e l t s t ud s . S hoe shaped s t ud s , p a i r . C oppe ra loy . N ea r2 . * 4 . C o in s . R oman . C oppe ra loy .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on . N ea rs hou lde r . S qua r e .* 6 . G i rd l eh ang e r . I r on .* 7 . K n if e . 8 . B ead s . x 5 , 3a mbe r a nd 2 g l a s s . U nde r j aw . 9 . F ragmen t . C oppe ra loy . 1 0 . F ragmen t . I r on ,b uck le t o ngue?

GRAVE E . P r ima ry i n b a r row? s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l .*

N o d e ta i l s o f g r av e o r

6 6 . C runda le I ,T remwor th D own .

GRAVE A . P r ima ry i n b a r row? N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . J uven i le? B one ss ma l la nd s l ende r . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a loy . F a ce t ted h ead . A t b a ck o fs ku l l .* 2 . W o rk b ox . C oppe r a loy . L ef t s i de o f b ody .* 3 . K n if e . 4 . B ead s . Ambe r . 5 . B uck l e . 6 . P i ece . ' O rnamen ta lp i ece o fb r a s s ' .

I . E xcava ted 1 703 . R . F or s ter a nd t he E ar lo f Winche l sea . ( GRAVE A . ) H ead o fg r ave v i s ib le i ns i de o fh o l low w ay . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x tended . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . U rn , l i gh t g r ey f a b r ic , R oman .* ( GRAVE B . ) H ead o fg r ave v i s ib le i ns i de o fh o l low w ay . C h i ld , s e xn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t ery v e s se l . R ed f a b r ic ,R oman .*

GRAVE B . P r ima ry i n b a r row? N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e h and l e . O pen -wo rk z oomo rph ic d e s ign ,c oppe ra loy . R oman .* 2 . B rooch . D i sc . O nc o l la rb one . 3 . K n if e . W i th c oppe r a loy a t ta chmen t . O n r i gh ts i d e . 4 . B uck l e . I r on . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

( GRAVE C . ) G rave a l ong s ide D a nd E . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . ( GRAVE D . ) G rave a l ong s ide C a nd E . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE C . P r ima ry i n b a r row ? N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld , w i th t r apezo id s e t t ing o f b l ue g l a s s .* 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . K n if e . 4 . C on ta ine r . S he l l . 5 . B ead s . G la s s .

( GRAVE E . ) G rave a l ong s ide C a nd D . C h i ld , s e xn o td e te rm in ed . N og r ave g ood s . ( GRAVE F . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined .

1 40

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sA -C . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l . B o t t le ,r e df a b r ic , R oman .*

I . F ound O c tober 1 713 . Winche l sea .

( GRAVE 1 5 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave i nl i ne w i th 1 3 a nd 1 4 , l y ing a bou t 0 . 6 1m f r om g r ave 1 4 . C of f in , b u rn t . L a rge f l in t so ve rg r ave . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I .P o t te ry v e s se l . Sma l l , b l a ck f a b r ic . B rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion . N ea rr i gh th i p . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . R oman ; S am ian w a r e . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

E ar l o f

( GRAVE G . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave c u t i n to ' f i rm , c l o se c ha lk ' . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . A t r i gh t o f s ku l l , m ou th t i l ted t owa rd sh ead o fg r ave . B o t t le , R oman .* 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B y r i gh t s hou lde r , m ou th t i l t ed t owa rd sh ead o fg r ave . U rn ,R oman .* 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B yl e f tk nee . Ur n ,R oman .*

V . E xcava ted O c tober 3 rd , 1 757 . ( GRAVE 1 6 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep , i nb ank b y h o l low w ay . C off in . L a rge f l i n t so ve rg r ave . J uven i le ,t e e th " no ta l lc u t " . G rave g ood s : I .P o t te ry v e s se l . R oman . T ol e f to fs ku l l .*

I I . E xcava ted J une 1 4 th , 1 757 . B . F au s se t t . ( On ly i nhuma t ion sl i s ted ) .

( GRAVE 1 7 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave 0 . 91m d eep , p a ra l le l t o g r ave 1 6 . L a rge f l i n t so ve rg r ave . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

( GRAVE 1 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave b e s ide h o l low w ay . C a rbon i sed w ood a t f o o t a nd h ead o f g r ave , p l u sc l a sp sa nd n a i l s ,s ugg e s t sb u rn tc of in . A du l t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x tended . G rav eg ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . A th ead , c oa r se d a rk f a b r ic . F e l lt op i ece so nb e ing m ov ed . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . A t l e f t h i p . R ed f a b r ic , R oman . 3 . S he l l s . O y s te r s . 4 . N a i l sa nd c l a sp s . P robab ly c of in f i t t ing s .

( GRAVE 1 8 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave 1 . 83m d eep . L a rge f l i n t s o ve rg r ave . 2s k e le ton s , s i de b ys i de . 1 8A : O nr i gh t . 1 8B : O n l e f t . G rave g ood s( 1 8A ) : 1 . B ead s . x 5 . ' Sma l l ' . Y e l low o paque g l a s s . A tn eck . 2 . P in . C oppe ra loy . P e rf o ra t ed h ead , 1 .5 cm . L o s t . A tn eck . G rave g ood s( 1 8B ) : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f th i p . 2 . B uck le . I r on , a tl e f th i p .

I V . E xcava ted J une 2 4 th , 1 757 . B . F au s se t t . ( On ly i nhuma t ion sl i s ted ) . ( GRAVE 1 3 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave 1 . 07m d eep , i ns i de o f h o l low w ay . L a rg ef l in t so ve rg r ave . A du l t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . R oman ,f i ne -wa r e . B roken . 2 . K n if e .

( GRAVE 1 9 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave 2 . 10m d eep . L a rg ef l i n t s o ve rg r ave a nd i nf i l l . W i th in 0 . 6 1m o ff o o to f g r ave 1 8 . A du l t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . T ee th v e ry w o rn . N og r ave g ood s .

( GRAVE 1 4 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave n ea r ly p a ra l le l w i th h o l low w ay , a bou t l m f r om f o o t o fg r ave 1 3 . C off in ,b u rn t . L a rge f l in t so ve rg r ave . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . R oman . T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic , s ma l l . F e l l t o p i ece sd u r ing e xcava t ion . 3 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . R oman ; S am ian w a r e . 4 . C of f i n -na i l s . x 6 . ' Long ' .

( GRAVE 2 0 . ) A x i s NE -S W . P a ra l le l w i th g r ave 1 9 , w i th in a bou t0 . 6 1m o fi t . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . C of f in , b ur n t . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . " Ve ry s ho r t " b u t d e sc r ibed a sa n" o ld p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 .C of f i n -na i l s . x 4 , i r on ,d i sc -headed .

V I . E xcava ted Apr i l2 3rd , 1 759 .

1 4 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sA -C . 2 6A : A du l t . T ee th v e ry w or n , m any s o cke t s c l o sed . L y ing a bove 2 6B a td ep th o f0 . 9 1m . 2 6B : A du l t . G rave g ood s( 2 6A ) : 1 .I r on p iece s .

( GRAVE 2 2 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . P a ra l le l w i th ,a nd c l o se t o ,r oad . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S t a tu r e a pp rox . 1 . 98m . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . Sma l l ,b l a ck f a b r ic . T os i de o fs ku l l .* 2 . P o t t ery v e s se l . Sma l l , b l a ck f a b r ic . O ppo s i te s i de o fs ku l l t o ( 1 ) . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion . 3 . K n if e . A tr i gh th i p .

( GRAVE 2 7 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave a tf o o to fg r ave 2 6 , a bou t 0 . 30m t ot h er i gh t . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l t . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

I V . E xcava ted B rad shaw .

( GRAVE 2 3 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave o n r i gh t o f g r ave 2 2 , w i th in a bou t0 . 30m o fi t . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved ," f u l lg rown" ,t e e th w o rn . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

p re -1973 .

J .

( GRAVE 2 8 . ) G rave a d ja cen tg r ave # 1 . S ke le ton s up ine e x tended . N og r ave g ood s . ( GRAVE # 1 . ) G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L edg e a t h ead o f g r ave . A d ja cen tg r ave 2 8 . G rave e mp ty ; p o s s ib ly o ne e x cava ted b y F au s se t t .

( GRAVE 2 4 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave t or i gh t o f , a nd p a ra l le l t o , g r ave 2 3 . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . C off in , t h ick p ane l s ,b ur n t . J uv en i le o ra du l t ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , t e e th w or n . S t a tu r e a pp rox . 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . G lobu la r , n a r row m ou th ( bu tn on eck ) . B lack f a b r ic . A tf e e t , i no rn ea r b ox . B roken a f t e re xcava t ion . 2 . C o in . R oman ; F au s t ina ,b ronze . I np o t . 3 . C hä te la ine . I r on c ha in w i th 3c oppe ra loy i n s t rumen t sa t ta ch ed . A tf e e t , i nb ox . . 4 . B ead s . 2 0 -30 . Ambe r . A tf e e t , i nb ox . 5 . B ox . Wooden r ema in s a nd i r on n a i l s a nd f i t t ing s? A tf e e tb eyond c off in .

6 8 . Cux ton I . I . F ound 1 859 , c on s truc t ion .

d ur ing

r a i lway

GRAVE 1 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave a pp rox . 0 . 9 1m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 6 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . 7 . " Angon" . BM . 8 . B uck l e . I r on . BM .

( GRAVE 2 5 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave a t f e e t o f g r ave 2 4 . G rave s ho r ta nd s ha l low . C of in ,b ur n t . C h i ld , a g ed c .5 6 y ea r s . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rv ed . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . ' Sma l l ' , b l a ck . A t f e e t . B rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . A l so 4n a i l s( c off in -na i l s? ) . ( GRAVE 2 6 . ) A x i s NE -S W . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . C lo se t o r o ad s i de , " a tt h e w e s t m o s t e nd o ft h i s b u r ia l p l a ce . . .a s y ou g o d own . . . towa rd s Wye o r 0l a n t igh" . 2s k e le ton s , o ne a bove t h e o t he r , u ppe r b u r ia l i nc of i n .

1 42

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . b one s o f h and s a nd f e e t a b sen t . L eng th i n g r ound 1 . 8 15m . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . O ve r r i gh t s hou lde r i n u p r igh t p o s i t ion . B la ck , g r a s s t empe r ed , w i th i n c i sed l i ne s . P lough -damaged . 1 G la s s b ow l . I nv er ted o ve r l ef t s hou lde r . G r een -b rown t r an spa ren t g l a s s . C h i -Rho o n b a se ,s u r rounded b yL a t in i n sc r ip t ion .

Append ix 2 : C a ta logue o f g raves . ( S i tes D -F ) . G rave e n t r ie s l i s t ed i nb r a ck e t s , t h u s ; ( GRAVE # ) ,h ave n o tb een i n c luded i nt h ed a taba se . U n le s s s t a ted o t he rw i se , a l g r ave s a r e s i ng le i n huma t ion s . A` 3 "a f t e r af i nd e n t ry d eno t e st h a ta n i l u s t ra t ion o ft h a tf md h a sb een p ub l i shed .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s2 00 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , c u ti n to c ha lk , 1 . 1 . 90m , w . 0 . 90m , d . 0 . 60m b e low g round s u rf ace . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s k e le ton i n se r ted a bove a no the r . 5 A : U ppe r s k e le ton , m a le , a ged 1 5 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , h ead a nd s hou lde r s h unched u p a tn o r th e nd o fg r ave . S ke le ton i n comp le te , b u ts ku l l i ng ood c ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if eb l ad e . N ea rl ef th i p . 5 B : L owe rs k e le ton , m a le , a g ed o ve r 1 9y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . S ku l l , l owe r s p ine a nd l e f t a rm m i s s ing , p robab ly a sr e su l t o fd i s tu rbance b y5 A . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if eb l ad e . A d jacen tt or i gh th i p .

6 9 . D aren th I ,D aren th P ark . I .F ound 1 881 ,i nd ra in t r ench . E .C . Y ouen s . GRAVE 1 . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 20m b e low g r ound s u r f ace . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h i e ld -bo s s . D a r tf o rd m u seum 1 908 14 . 2 . S pea rhead . D a r tf o rd m u seum 1 908 15 .

I . F ound J une 1 954 , d ur ing c ab le l a y ing .

V . F ound 1 981 d ur ing e xcava t ion s , C en tra lE xcava t ion U n i t .

GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . O n ly f r agmen t s o f b one s r e cove r ed , s e x a nd a g eo fs ke le ton n o td e t e rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch f ragmen t . S i lve r s qua r e -headed . B r i t i sh Mu seum . 2 . B ow lf ragmen t s . C oppe r a loy . S o l id f o o t r i ng a nd r i ve t ed r im .

GRAVE 6 . A x i sN -S . G rave r e c tangu la rw i th f l a tb a se , c u t i n to c ha lk . L .2 . 05m ,w . 0 . 82m ,d .0 . 46m . 2s k e le ton s , m ixed i nd i s tu rbed g r ave f i l l , b u t p o s s ib ly o r ig ina l ly b u r ied o ne a bove t h eo t he r . 6 a : A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry a nd d i s tu rbed . 6 b : A du l t m a le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry a nd d i s tu rbed . N og r ave g ood s .

I I . F ound 1 972 -3 , d ur ing r oad w iden ing . G .W . Mea te s a nd J . R i t son .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s S -N . G rave r e c tangu la r , c u t i n to c ha lk . L .2 . 04m ,w . 0 . 82m ,d .0 . 46m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 5 -35 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , h ead a nd u ppe r t o r so ` p i l lowed ' o n c r u shed c ha lk . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . O n r i gh t s i de o f u ppe r c he s t . C oppe r a l loy a pp l ied s a uce r , w i th 5 p o in ted s t a rm o t if . AML n o . 8 112033 . 2 . B rooch . O nl e f ts i de o fu ppe rc he s t . C oppe r a loy a pp l ied s a uce r , w i th 5p o in t ed s t a r m o t if . T ex t i le r ema in s a r ound p i n . AML n o s . 8 1 12032 a nd 8 112034 .

GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e l e ton . N og r ave g ood s .

I V . F ound Mar ch 1 978 , D ar t f ord D i s tr ic tA rchaeo log i ca lG roup . GRAVE 4 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , c u t i n to p l ough d amaged c ha lk . L .2 . 20m ,w . 0 . 60m , d .0 . 30m . A du l tm a le ,a ged c .4 0y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , s k e le ton i n comp le te , b a s e o fs ku l l a nd s ma l le r

1 4 3

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s D -F . A x i s W-E? G rave r e c tangu la r , I .1 . 00m , w . 0 . 43m , d .0 . 10 -0 .13m . No b one s u rv ived , t h ough s i ze o f g r ave s ugge s t sb u r ia lw a st h a to fa n i n f an t . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t ter yv e s se l . F ound a tw e s te nd o fg rave . B icon ica l , b rown i sh b l ack t o r edd i sh b rown f a b r ic . S t amped a nd g rooved d eco ra t ion . AML n o . 8 112031 .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s S -N . G rave p a r t ia l ly e xcava ted . M in . 1 . 1 . 48m ,w . 0 . 78m ,d .0 . 18m . P robab le a du l t f ema le , a ged 3 5 -45 . S up ine e x tended , h ead a ppa ren t ly p i l lowed o n c ha lk . S ke le ton p oo r ly p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . On r i gh t s hou lde r . C oppe r a l loy d i sc b rooch w i th i r on p in . 5r i ng -and -do t mo t if s o n f a ce . T ex t i le r ema in s a dhe r ing . AML n o . 8 112026 . 2 . B rooch . O n l ef t s hou lde r . C oppe r a l loy d i sc b rooch w i th i r on p i n . 5r i ng -and -do t mo t if s o n f a ce . P a i r w i th ( 1 ) . T ex t i le f r agmen t sa dhe r ing . AML n o . 8 112053 . 3 . C o in . O n c en t re o f c he s t . P e rf o ra ted R oman b ronze o f A l lec tu s ( AD 2 93 -296 ) . AML n o . 8 112043 . 4 . P in . O n l ef tu ppe rc he s t . I r on , i n 2p i ece s . S ' shaped h ead . T ex t i le r ema in s a dhe r ing .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . G rave i regu la rr e c tang le , I .1 . 30m , w . 0 . 45m ,d .0 . 20m . J uven i le , a ged c . 6y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , h ead s l igh t ly p i l lowed . . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . T o r i gh t o f s ku l l a ga in s t s i de o f g rave , t a ng t owa rd s h ead o fg rave . AML n o . 8 112028 .* 2 . P in -head A bove a nd t o l ef t o f s ku l l . C oppe r a l loy . P o s s ib ly r e s idua l i ng r ave f i l l . AML n o . 8 112027 .*

AML n o s . 8 112035 a nd 8 112036 . 5 . K n if e b lad e . A t l ef t h and s i de o fw a i s t i n a s soc ia t ion w i th 6 -7 . I r on . S t ra igh t b ack a nd c u rved b l ade . AML n o . 8 112050 . 6 -7 . P in o r s haf t . O n l ef t s i de o fw a i s t w i th

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s W -E . G rave r e c tangu la r , s l op ing s i de s , 1 . 2 . 17m , w . 0 . 90m , d .0 . 25m . A du l t f ema le a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , r i gh t h and o n p e lv is , l ef t a rm a c ro s s t o r so . S ke le ton w e l l p re se rved . N o g r ave g ood s .

( 5 ) . B one , 2p i ece s . AML n o s . 8 112052 a nd 8 112054 . 8 23 . B ead s . x 16 . O nl ef tu ppe rc he s t , a r ound ( 2 ) a nd ( 4 ) . Ambe r , i regu la r ly s haped . AML n o . 8 112054 . 2 4 . B ead F ound w i th ( 8 -23 ) . P i e rced f o s s i l c r ino id . AML n o . 8 112068 . 2 5 . B ead F ound t ol ef to fb ody b e tween c he s t a nd u ppe r l ef t a rm . T ran s lucen t o l ive g r een g l a s ss ho r tb a r re l . AML n o . 8 112049 . 2 6 -27 . B ead s . x 2 . F ound w i th ( 25 ) . O paque y e l low g l a s s w i th t r an s lucen t g r een l i ne s a nd b rown i sh red o paque r i ng s . B a r re l shaped . AML n o s . 8 112046 a nd 8 112047 . 2 8 -29 . B ead s . x 2 . F ound w i th ( 2 5 ) . O paque b rown i sh red g l a s s w i th t r an s lucen t g r een b and s . B a r re l shaped . AML n o s . 8 112045 a nd 8 112048 . 3 0 . B ead L a rge o b la te b ead , o paque b l ack w i th o paque g rey i sh -wh i te l a t t ice d eco ra t ion . AML n o . 8 112044 . GRAVE 9 . A x i s W-E .

V I . E xcava ted 1 998 , C an terbury A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t . ( GRAVE 1 3 . ) Awa i t ing p ub l ica t ion , A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t .

C an te rbu ry

7 3 . D ar t ford I V , B ow A r row L ane . I .F ound d ur ing r oad work s 1 937 . ( GRAVE 1 . ) A x is E -W . C h i ld , a ged a bou t 7y ea r s , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton l y ing o nr i gh ts i de . N o g rave g ood s .

G rave r e c tangu la r , I .0 . 8 1m , w .

0 . 44m ,d .0 . 06 -0 . 18m . I n f an t , a ged 2 -6 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . T ee th o n ly s urv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 11 . B ead s . x 11 . A nnu la r , t r an s lucen t b l ue g l a s s . A t w e s t e nd o fg rave o n n o r th s i de , i n

7 9 . D ea l I ,M i l l H i l l I .

c l u s te r . AML n o . 8 112025 . GRAVE 1 0 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F .

I . E xcava ted d ur ing e x cava t ion s 1 986 -9 . A r chaeo log ica l Group .

A x i s 1 33° . G rave 1 . 1 . 43m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 67m . G rave c u te dge o fR oman p i tc omp lex . F i l l o fs ma l l c ha lk r u bb le w i th l i gh tg r ey l o am . P l o tB . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : a . K n if e . A tc en t ra lp a r to fg r ave .* b . O rgan ic m a te r ia l . A r ea o f , w i th i r on f r agmen t s . A tc en t ra lp a r to fg r ave . c . C la sp? C oppe ra loy . O ve rb . *

r e scue D over

GRAVE 8 . A x i s 1 45° . G rave 1 .1 . 53m , w . 0 . 65m , d .0 . 13 0 . 24m . G rave i n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . F i l lo fc r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch s ma l l c ha lk . P lo tA . P robab le c h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . N o b one s s u r v ived . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 .1 . 9m ,w . 0 . 74m ,d .0 . 33m . G rave c u t R oman p i t c omp lex . F i l l o fc r eam b rown c l ay l o am w i th s ome c ha lk l ump s . P l o t B . J uven i le , a g ed 1 2 16 y ea r s ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine , a nk le s p o s s ib ly c r o s sed . T ee th a nd f r agmen ta ry l e gb one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a .K n if e . L ef th i p .*

GRAVE 9 . A x i s 1 45° . G rave 1 .2 . 57m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 23 0 . 5m . G rav e i n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . F i l l o fc r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk . P lo tA . A du l tf ema le . E x t ended s up ine , h and sf e e ta nd l e gb one so n ly . G r ave g ood s : a . K n if e . F ragmen t so f L ef tw a i s t .* b . B uck le . I r on , w i th t e x t i le r ema in s a dh e r ing . M id w a i s t .*

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s4 7 ° . G rave I .1 . 99m ,w . 0 . 72m , d .0 . 44m . C u t e dge o fI r on A ge g r ave 1 5 , a nd R oman p i t c omp lex . P robab ly c u t b y g r ave 3 5 . F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk g r i t a nd s h e rd s o f p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t t e ry . P lo tB . J uven i le /young a du l t ,a g ed 1 5 18 y ea r s ,s e xn o t d e t e rm ined . T ee th a nd f r agmen ta ry l e g b one s o n ly . G rave g ood s : a .K n if e . M id w a i s ta r ea .*

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2 . 39m ,w . 0 . 82m , d .0 . 7m . G r ave c u t g r ave s 7 1 a nd 7 2 . F i l l o f c r eam b r own c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk a nd s h e rd s o fp r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t te ry . P l o tA . A du l t f ema le , a ged 4 5 -55 y ea r s . E x tended s u p ine , s ku l l t o l ef t . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G r ave g ood s : a . B uck le . C oppe r a loy l o op , i r on t o ngue , r e c tangu la r c oppe r a l loy p l a t e . I n g r ave f i l l , p o s s ib ly f r om g r ave s7 1 o r7 2 .* b . R od I r on , b roken a tb o th e nd s . I n f i l l , p o s s ib ly f r om g r ave s7 1 o r7 2 .* c . B uck le . C oppe r a loy s h ie ld -on tongue , w i th i r on l o op t ot o ngue . W i th 2c oppe r a loy c i r cu la rr i ve t s . R igh tw a i s t .* d . R ing . I r on . A tl ef th i p . e . T ube . I r on . A tl e f th i p .* f . a nd h . K n if e . F ragmen t so f A tl e f th i p .* g . O b jec t . I r on , l o oped . i . B ead s . x 135 . A t n eck . 1 8 a mbe r , 17 g l a s s .*

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s 3 7' . G rave 1 .2 . 5 , w . 0 . 78m , d .0 . 55m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex , a nd h uman b one i n f i l l s ugg e s t s e a r l ie r g r ave m ay h ave b een d i s tu rbed . F i l l o f c ha lk l ump s i n l i gh t g r ey l o am , w i th s h e rd s o f p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t . G rave p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . P l o tB . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . E x t end ed s up ine , m ode ra te ly w e l lp r e served s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead B yr i gh ts hou lde r .* b . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th c oppe r a l loy f l ange r i ve t sa nd w a she r s . B e tw een k nee s .* c . S pea r f e r ru le . C one shaped . U p s ide d own b yl e f tf o o t .* d . K n if e . L ef th i p .* e . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy s h ie ld -on tongue , w i th i r on l o op t o t o ngue . W i th c oppe r a loy s hoe shaped r i ve t . R igh tw a i s t .* f S t ud C oppe r a loy w i th w ood a t ta ched . S h ie ld f i t t ing . I nf i l lo ve rl e f tp e lv i s .* g . S h ie ld h and l e . I r on , w i th r ema in s o f l e a the rs t rap . I nf i l lo ve rl e f tf emu r .*

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s6 1° . G rave 1 .1 . 57m ,w .0 . 56m , d .0 . 12m . F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am w i th s ma l l c ha lk l ump s . P lo tB . P robab le c h i ld , a g ed a bou t 1 6 y ea r s . N o b one ss u rv ived . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 3 .

1 45

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . r i ng g u l ly . O ve r lay g r av e s 2 9 a nd 3 1 . F i l l o f b rown c l a y l o am w i th c ha lk g r i t . P l o tB . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . F ragm en t s o fl o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a . K n if e . C en t ra la r ea .* b . S pea rhead A t NW g r ave e dge .*

h . F ragmen t . I r on , w i th r ema in s o f l e a the r . S h ie ld f i t t ing . B e tween f emu r s .* i . F ragmen t . I r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing . T o r i gh t o fs h ie ld -bo s s . GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s4 0 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 03m , w . 0 . 65m , d .0 . 87m . P i ck m a rk s o n NW a nd S E s i de s o f g r ave . C ha lk r u bb le f i l lw i th g r ey l o am ,p l u s 2R oman p o ts h e rd s . P lo tB . J uven i le ,a g ed 1 4 18 y ea r s , s ex n o td e t e rm ined . E x t ended s up ine , f r agmen ta ry s ku l l a nd l e g b one so n ly . G rav eg ood s : a . S p ind l e -who r l . Made f r om R oman p o t sh e rd . B e tween k nee s ,o ve rb . * b . F i t t ing . C oppe r a loy , s qua r e . B e tween k nee s .* c . S t ud . C oppe r a loy -p la t ed . B e tween k nee s .* d . O b jec t . I r on . L ef th i p .* e . R ing a nd p la te . C oppe ra loy ,t o ge the ra t l e f th i p .* f . R ing . I r on , w i th t e x t i le a t tached . B y l e f t h i p .* g . R ing . I r on , w i th t e x t i le a t ta ched . B y l e f t h i p .* h . I r on d i amond B e tween f emu r s .* i . O b jec t . I r on , p e r f o ra t ed s qua r e . W i th t e x t i le r ema in sa t ta ched . B yl e f th i p .* j . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy l o op , i r on p i n . W i th r ema in so fl e a the rs t rap a nd t e x t i le . R igh t w a i s t .* k . R ing . C oppe r a loy w i r e . L ef t s i de o f s ku l l . I . B ead s . x 47 . 2 7a mbe r ,2 0g l a s s .* m . C la sp . C oppe r a loy , w i th t wo r i ve t s . N eck a r ea ,b e low n . * n . B rooch . S i lve r r o se t t e , w i th 9 g a rne t s e t t ing s . N eck a r ea .* o . S p ind l e -who r l . B one , a t SW e nd o f g r ave a bove s ku l l .* p . C h i se l . C oppe ra loy . I ng r av ef i l la bove k nee s .*

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s 4 7 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 66m , w . 0 . 8m , d .0 . 53m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex , c u t b y g r av e 3 7 . F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am w i th s ma l l c ha lk l ump s , p l u s h uman b one p r e sumab ly f r om e a r l ie r g r ave . P l o tB . A du l t m a le , a g ed 1 8 -20 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s k u l l r i gh t , l e f t a rm a c ro s s b ody . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l .* b . B uck l e . I r on . R igh tw a i s t .* c . K n if e . L ef th i p .* d . S pea r f e r ru l e . C one s haped . B y r i gh t a nk le .* GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s4 7 ° . G rave I .1 . 54m ,w . 0 . 54m ,d .0 . 36m . G rave c u t I r on A ge g r ave 2 0 , a nd p i t . F i l l o f c r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk g r i t s . P l o t C h i ld , a ged 7 9 y ea r s . b one f r agmen t so n ly . N og r ave g ood s .

C ru shed s k u l l a nd l e g

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 3 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 65m , w . 1 . 3m , d .0 . 55 0 . 64m . C u t I r on A ge g r aves 2 4 , 2 6 a nd 2 8 , a nd R oman p i tc omp lex . F i l l o fd a rk g r ey c l ay l o am w i th l a rg e c ha lk l ump s a nd c ha lk g r i t s . P l o tB . D oub le i n huma t ion , s k e le ton ss i de b ys i d e . 2 5A ( r igh t s i de ) : A du l t f ema le , a g ed 3 5 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S t a tu r e 1 . 532m . G rave g ood s : a . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . W i th 2 c oppe r a loy d ome h eaded r i ve t s . O ve rs a c r um .* b . I r on d i amond O ve rl e f th and .* c . B ead s . x 156 . 1 06 a mbe r , 1c ompo s i te ,4 9 g l a s s . O ve rn eck a nd c he s t .* d . K n if e . U nde rl ef tf emu r ,n ea rb . * e . B rooch . H igh t in b ronze b i rd b r ooch . W i th g ar n e ti n lay s . I n s ide s ku l l .* f . S t ud C oppe ra l loy . B yl ef th and . 2 5B ( l ef t ) : A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , l ef t a rm a c ro s s b ody . Mode ra te ly w e l lp r e se rved s ke le ton . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s3 9 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 64m , w . 0 . 56m , d .0 . 49m . P o s s ib le s pade m a rk s o n NW a nd S E s i de s . F i l lo fc r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th l a rge c ha lk l ump sa nd c l ay g r i t s . S he rd s o fp r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o ti nf i l l . P lo tB . C h i ld ,a g ed 3 5y ea r s . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s NE -S W . P robab ly p r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave 1 .1 m( m in . ) , w . a bou t 0 . 75m , d .0 . 08m . G rave d i s tu rbed b y p l ough ing . E nc lo sed b y

1 46

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . a . C r y s ta l b a l l . Smoky q ua r tz , i ns i lve r -g i l t s l ing . B e tween k nee s .* b . S poon . S i lve r -g i l t , p e rf o ra t ed . B e tween f emu r s ,a bove a . * c . S t rap -end . C oppe r a loy . B e tween k nee s .* d . S t rap -end . C oppe r a loy . B e tw een aa nd b . * e . B rooch . D eba sed s i lve r , r a d ia te -headed . A tr i gh th i p .* f . F i t t ing s . R ec tangu la r c oppe r a loy f i t t ing a nd s h ee tf r agmen t . P e lv i sa r ea .* g . C la sp? C oppe r a l loy , t wo f r agmen t s o f . L ef th i p .* h . B uck l e p la te? T ongue shaped . C oppe r a loy . M id w a i s t .* i . B rooch . L ow t in b ronz e s qua r e -headed . G a rn e t in la id . R igh tw a i s t . P a i rw i th j . * j . B rooch . A si . * k . F i t t ing . C oppe ra l loy , r e c tangu la r . A bove

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s 2 23° . P o s s ib ly p r ima ry i n b a r row , e nc lo sed b y r i ng g u l ly . G rave 1 .2 . 1m , w . 0 . 78m , d .0 . 76m . C u t I r on A g e g r ave 3 0 a nd R oman p i t c omp lex . F i l l o f d a rk g r ey c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk s p eck s . P r eh i s to r ic p o t t e ry , p l u s a n ima l a nd h uman b one s , r e s idua l i nf i l l . P l o tB . J uven i le /young a du l t ,a ged 1 5 -20 y ea r s ,s e xn o t d e t e rm ined . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . R ad io -ca rbon d a t e AD 35 -535 ( t wo s i gma ) . G rave g ood s : a .P in . I r on . U nde rs ku l l . GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s 5 1° . G rave 1 .1 . 69m , w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 52m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex . P i ck a nd p o s s ib le m a t tock m a rk s o n NW a nd S E s i de s . F i l l o f g r ey -b rown c l ay l o am w i th s ome l a rge c ha lk l ump s ,p l u ss h e rd so fR oman p o t t e ry . P l o tB . C h i ld , a ged 2 3 y ea r s . F r agmen ta ry s ku l l a nd l e gb one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a . G la s sv e s se l . B e l lb eak e r . L ef to fs ku l l .* b . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* c . P in . C oppe r a loy , l o oped . B y r i gh t w a i s t .*

. i .* 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy s h ie ld -on tongue , w i th w h i t e m e ta l s u rf a ce a nd i r on l o op t o t o ngue . M id w a i s t .* m . B rooch . L ow t in b r onz e , S shaped b rooch . R igh tc he s t .* n . R od I r on , f r agmen t so f . R igh ts hou lde r .* o . K n if e . B eyond l e f tw a i s t .* p . S p ind le -who r l? S ha le . L ef tw a i s t .* q . R od / s . I r on , h ook ed e nd s . C ove r ed w i th t e x t i le r ema in s . L ef tw a i s t .* r . B rooch . D eba sed s i lv e r , K en t i sh d i sc . A ven tC la s s 1 . 2 . U nde rc h in . s . B ead s . x 75 . G roup o f3 5 ,2 9a mbe ra nd 6 g l a s s , a tn eck a nd r i gh ts hou lde r . G roup o f4 0 , 3 4a mbe ra nd 6g l a s s ,a tl ow e rr i gh tc he s t .*

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 3 8° . G rave 1 .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 9 -0 .97m , d . 0 . 87m . C u t I r on A ge g r ave 4 3 a nd R oman p i t c omp lex . F i l l o f l i gh t g r ey c l ay l o am w i th l a rg e c ha lk l ump s , p l u s p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . A l so h uman b one i nf i l l , p r obab ly f r om g r ave 4 3 . P l o tB . J uven i le /young a du l tf ema le , a g ed 1 7 19 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l t o r i gh t . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . G la s sv e s se l . B o t t le ,t ol e f to fs ku l l .* b . B rooch . D eba sed s i lve r F rank i sh d i sc b r ooch . I n la id w i th g a rne t s . R igh t u ppe r c he s t .* c . B uck le . I r on , w i th o va l l o op . L ea the ra nd t e x t i le r ema in sa t ta ched . R igh tc he s t . d . B ru sh? C o sme t ic b r u sh? C oppe r a loy , w i th i r on s u spen s ion r i ng a nd t e x t i le r ema in s . R igh tl owe rc he s t .* e . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* f . S t rap -end . C oppe r a loy , i nt wo h a lve s . B e tween l ow e rl e g s .* g . F i t t ing . C oppe r a loy , r e c tangu la r . B y r i gh tf emu r .* h . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , i r on l o op t ot o ngue . R igh tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s 3 8° . G rave 1 .2 . 43m , w . 0 . 84 -0 .94m , d . 0 . 68m . C u t I r on A ge g r ave 2 6 a nd R oman p i t c omp lex . F i l l o f s of t d a rk g r ey l o am w i th c ha lk l ump sa nd p r eh i s to r ic p o t she rd s . P l o tB . D oub le i n huma t ion w i th s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . 2 7A ( r igh t s i de ) : C h i ld a g ed 7 9 y ea r s . F ragmen ta ry s ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rav eg ood s : a . O b jec t . I r on ,t or i gh to fl owe rl e g .* b . R od s . I r on , f r agmen t s o f . C o r roded t og e the r a nd c ove r ed b y t e x t i le . A t c he s t a r ea .* c . B ead s . x 24 . 2 3 a mbe r , 1g l a s s . A t n eck a r ea .* 2 7B ( l ef t s i de ) : A du l t , a g ed 1 8 -20 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . F ragmen ta ry s ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rav eg ood s : a . K n if e . M id w a i s t .* b . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . A x i s 3 2 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 35m , w . 0 . 65m , d .0 . 3m . C u t g r ave 2 2 . F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . P l o tB . J uv en i le a ged 1 0 12 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a .B ead s . x 7 ,a mbe r . U ppe rc he s t .*

i . F ragmen t s . x 3 , c oppe ra l loy s h ee t . R igh t w a i s t .* j . S t rap -end . C oppe r a l loy . B e tw een l ow e r l e g s .* k . T ube . C oppe ra loy . B yl e f tw a i s t .* 1 . Moun t . C oppe r a l loy , r e c tangu la r b uck le m oun t . R igh tw a i s t .* m . B ead s . x 94 , a mbe r . O ve r r i gh t n eck a nd c he s ta r ea .* n . O b jec t s . I r on . K ey a nd 2 r od s , p l u s o b jec t . B yl e f th i p .*

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s 4 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 1 1 .05m , d . 0 . 65m . G rave c u tR oman p i tc omp lex . C u tb y g r ave 4 0 . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk . Two R oman p o t she rd s i nf i l l . P lo tB . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 2 -29 y ea r s . S up in e e x t ended . L ow e r b ody , f o rea rm s a nd l e g s o n ly . S t a tu r e 1 . 60 1m . G rave g ood s : a . R ing . I r on . L ef th i p . b . B uck l e . I r on l o op a nd t o ngue , c oppe r a loy p l a t e s e t w i th t wo c oppe r a loy r i ve t s . R igh th i p .* c . K n if e . L ef th i p .* d . S t rap -end . C oppe r a l loy , t wo h a lv e s o f . B yr i gh tf emu r .* e . C l ench n a i l s . 2r ow s a l ong S E s i de o f g r ave . Wood r ema in s a t tached . W i th i r on d i amond shaped w a she r s . P o s s ib ly = r ema in s o fb oa tp l ank ing .*

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s 4 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 4 1m , w . 0 . 7 -0 .84m , d . 0 . 42m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex . F i l l o fl i gh t g r ey c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk . P lo tB . A du l t m a le , a ged 1 8 -20 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton f a i r ly w e l l p r e se rved . S t a tu r e 1 . 727m . G rav eg ood s : a . K n if e . B roken b l ade o f . B y l e f t h ume ru s .* b . R ing . I r on , f r agmen to f . L ef tc he s t .* c . B ead G la s s . R igh ts i de o fs ku l l .* GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s2 0 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 64m ,w . 1 . 19m , d .0 . 44m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex , a nd p robab ly c u t g r ave 1 6 . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th l a rg e c ha lk l ump s . P r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s i nf i l l . P l o tB . A du l t m a le , a g ed 5 0 -60 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l r i gh t , l e f t a rm o ve r b ody . S ku l l a nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rav eg ood s : a . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l .* b . S h i e ld -bo s sa ndf i t t ing s . O n e dg e , r i gh to f s ku l l .* c . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s 4 8 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 88m ( m in . ) , w . 0 . 9 1 . 05m , d .0 . 83m . C u t I r on A g e g r ave 4 3 a nd R oman p i tc omp lex . C u tb y g r ave s4 0 a nd 4 5 . F i l l o fb r own c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk . F i l l c on ta ined t wo R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tB . J uven i le /young a du l t , a ged 1 5 -20 y ea r s ,s e xn o t d e te rm ined . P oo r ly p r e se rved l o ng b one so n ly . S ku l lr emoved b yg r ave 4 0 . G rave g ood s : a . B ead s . x 45 . 2 1 a mbe r , 1c ompo s i t e , 2 3 d r awn g l a s s . C lu s te r ed a t n eck a nd l e f t h ume ru s .* b . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . R igh tw a i s t .* c . K n if e . F ragmen t so f . B yl ef th i p . d . G i rd l e c omp lex . I r on k ey , r i ng a nd u n iden t if i ed o b jec t s . L ef th i p .* e . R od I r on , w i th t e x t i le r ema in s . L ow e r c he s t .* f . B rooch . C oppe r a loy d i sc . I r on r i ng c o r roded t ou nde r s ide . L ef th i p .* g . B rooch . C oppe ra loy d i sc . L ef th i p .*

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s 3 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m , w . 0 . 75 -0 .8m , d . 0 . 51m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex . F i l l o f c r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . P l o t B . A du l t m a le , a g ed 4 0 -50 y ea r s . E x t ended s up in e , s ku l l r o l led b ackwa rd s , r i gh t a rm s l igh t ly b en t . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead . R igh to fs ku l lo ve rs hou lde r .* b . K n if e . M id w a i s t .* c . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . L ef tw a i s t .* d . S pea rf e r ru l e . B yr i gh tl owe rl e g .* e . F ragmen t s . x 4 , c oppe ra loy s h ee t . R igh t f o o t .*

GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s 1 07 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 0 . 79 -0 .86m , d . 0 . 59m . C u t g r ave s 3 8 a nd 3 9 . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk . S ome h uman b one d e r ived f r om e a r l ie rg r ave s . P l o tB .

GRAVE 3 7 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . P oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : a . S wo rd L ef t s i de , n ex t t o h ume ru s a nd f emu r .* b . S pea rhead T ex t i le r ema in s a t ta ched . T o l e f to fs ku l l .* c . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th g r ip . O n e dge o ve r r i gh ts hou lde r .* d . K n if e . U nde rl e f tf o r ea rm .* e . B rooch . R oman , c oppe r a loy . I n f i l l , r e s idua l .* f . B ead s . x 2 , a mbe r . P robab ly d e r ived f r om g r av e3 9 .* g . N a i l s . x 5 , i r on c l ench n a i l s . D e r ived f r om g r av e3 8 .*

GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s 5 7 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 28m , w . 1 . 02m , d .0 . 42m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . F i l l o f c r eam b r own c l ay l o am w i th much c ha lk a nd s ome s h e rd so fl a te R oman p o t te ry . P lo tA . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 3 0 -40 y ea r s . S up ine , l e g s s l igh t ly b en t t o r i gh t . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . R ing . I r on . L ef tw a i s t .* b . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* c . C la sp . C oppe r a loy , b roken . B e low c h in .* d . I r on f ragmen t s . R od a nd 6 r i v e t s , p l u s w ood r ema in s . U nde rb ack o fs ku l l .* e . S t ud C oppe ra l loy . R igh tw a i s t .* f . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , w i th i r on l o op t o t o ngue . R igh tw a i s t .* g . T wee ze r s . I r on , c ove red w i th t e x t i le r ema in s . U nde ra . *

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s 1 09 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 31m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 66m . C u t I r on A ge g r ave 4 3 , R oman p i t c omp lex ,a nd g r ave s3 9 a nd 1 04 . F i l lo fb rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s , p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t t e ry , a nd r e s idua l h uman b one . Ma t tock m a rk so nb a se . P lo tB . A du l t m a le , a g ed 4 0 -50 . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 0 . A x i s 2 5° . G rave 1 .1 . 91m , w . 0 . 7 -0 .8 1m , d . 0 . 4m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . C u t p i t . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk . P l o t A . J uven i le , a ged 1 5 17 y ea r s . S up ine , l e g sf l exed t or i gh t . V e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : a .K n if e . M id w a i s t .*

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i s 3 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m , w . 0 . 81-0 .88m , d . 0 . 37m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . F i l l o f c r eam -b rown c l ay l o am c on ta in ing s h e rd o f S am ian w a r e . P l o tA . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , l e g s c r o s sed a ta nk le s . S k e le ton w e l l p r e ser ved . S t a tu r e 1 . 772m . G rave g ood s : a . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t ,o ve rf o r ea rm .* b . F i r e s tee l / pu r se -moun t . I r on . L ef t w a i s t , o v e rf o r ea rm .* c . B e l t -moun t? C oppe r a loy , t r iangu la r . L ef tw a i s t .* d . S t rap -end C oppe r a l loy , U shaped . L ef t w a i s t .* e . S t rap -end C oppe r a loy , U shaped . L ef t w a i s t .* f . B uck le . I r on , w i th c oppe r a loy r i ve t i n b u ck le -p la te . R igh tw a i s t .* g . I r on f ragmen t . W i th r i ve t . R igh tw a i s t .* h . R od . I r on , h ooked . C ove r ed b y t e x t i le r ema in s . O nr i gh ts hou lde r .*

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i s 2 8° . G rave 1 .2 . 52m , w . 0 . 81-0 .89m , d . 0 . 45m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th much c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t te ry . P lo tA . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a . G la s sv e s se l . B ow l . L ef to fs ku l l .* b . B ead s . x 9 ,n eck . 7a mbe r , 2g l a s s .* c . B rooch . B i rd b rooch ,h i gh t in b r onz ew i th g a rne ti n lay . U ppe rc he s t .* d . B rooch . B i rd b rooch , d eba sed s i lve r . E ye s e tw i th g a rne t . L owe rc he s t .* e . B rooch . S qua r e -headed , l ow t in b r onz e . A bov ew a i s t .* f . B rooch . S qua re -headed , l ow t in b r onz e . P a i rw i th g . Wa i s t .* g . B rooch . S qua re -headed , l ow t in b ronz e . P a i rw i th f .H ip .* h . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . R igh th i p .* i . B e l t -p la te . K idney shaped , c oppe r a loy , i n la id . R igh th i p .* j . R ing . C oppe r a l loy . B y l e f tw a i s t , u nd e r f o rea rm .* k . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s 4 1° . G rave 1 .1 . 18m , w . . 7 7m , d .0 . 06m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . F i l lo fb rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . P lo tA . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . N og r ave g ood s .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . m .

B ead . G la s s . L ef th i p .* R ing . I r on , f r agmen t so f . L ef tw a i s t .

g . R od I r on , b r ok en b o th w a i s t .* h . R od I r on , b roken b o th w a i s t .* i . O b jec t . I r on , w i th e nd o f t e x t i le a t ta ched . L ef th i p .* j . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , A ven tc l a s s2 . 2 . N eck .*

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s 4 7 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 44m , w . 0 . 83m , d .0 . 6m . C u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . F i l l o fb r own c l ay l o am w i th s ma l l c ha lk l ump s , a nd p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t t e ry . P l o tA . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u r v ived . G rave g ood s : a . B ead s . x 6 , 5a mbe r , 1g l a s s . P robab ly n eck a r ea .* b . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t ?* c . B race le t? I n comp le te , c oppe r a loy w i r e . R igh tw a i s t?* d . B uck le a nd r i ve t s . C oppe ra loy s h ie ld -on t o ngue b uck le , w i th 3 c oppe r a loy d r op s h aped r i ve t s . A r ea o fr i gh th i p .*

e nd s .

B y l e f t

e nd s .

B y l e f t

h ooked r o d a nd d eba sed s i lv e r .

GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s 1 28 ° . G rav e 1 .2 . 33m , w . 0 . 72 1m , d . 0 . 21-0 .31m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . F i l l o f c r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk , a nd p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P lo tB . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . T ee th a nd f r agmen ta ry l o ng b one so n ly . G rav eg ood s : a . K ey . C oppe r a l loy w i th i r on c o r ro s ion a tached . O ve rr i gh te l bow .* b . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy s h ie ld -on tongue . R igh tw a i s t .* c . R ive t . S hoe shaped , c oppe r a loy . R igh t w a i s t .* d . R i ve t . S hoe shaped , c oppe r a loy . B e low c . * e . B ead s . x 12 a mbe r . R igh ts hou lde r .* f . P in . I r on . R igh ts hou lde r .* g . B ead s . x 3 a mbe r . L ef to fl e f tf emu r .* h . R ing a nd h ook . I r on , l e f th i p .* i . L oop . I r on , l e f th i p .* j . O b jec t s . I r on , c o r roded t og e the r . 3r i ng s , 1o b jec t . L ef th i p .* k . a nd 1 .K n if e . L ef th i p .* m . R ing . C oppe ra loy ,p enannu la r . L ef th i p .* n . O b jec t s . I r on ,c ove r ed i nt e x t i le r ema in s .*

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s 2 23° . G rave 1 .2 . 42m , w . 0 . 74 -0 .88m , d . 0 . 16 -0 .26m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . P o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . F i l l o fc r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch s ma l l c ha lk a nd t wo p r eh i s to r ic p o t she rd s . P l o tB . P robab le j uven i le . F ragmen t s o f l e g b one s o n ly . G rav eg ood s : a . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* b . R od I r on ,w i th l o op a tt o p . L ef tw a i s t .* c . B rooch . C oppe r a loy , a nnu la r . W i th r ema in so fi r on p i n . L ef tw a i s t .* d . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th r i ng a nd d o t d eco ra t ion . M id w a i s t .* e . B e l t -p la t e . C oppe r a loy , d eco ra t ion m a t che sd . L ef tk nee .* f . S t rap -end . C oppe r a loy , b ay leaf shaped . P a i rw i th g . B y l owe rl e g .* g . S t rap -end . C oppe r a loy , b ay leaf shaped . P a i rw i th f .B yl owe rl e g .*

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i s 1 42 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 94m , w . 0 . 54 -0 .66m , d . 0 . 33 -0 .49m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n NW e nd -wa l l . F i l l o fc r eam b r own c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk . P l o tA . J uven i le , a ged 9 12 y ea r s . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : a .K n if e . C he s ta r ea .*

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s9 8 ° . G rave I .1 . 86m , w . 0 . 69m , d .0 . 67m . Ma t tock m a rk s o nb a se a nd s i de s . F i l l o fc ha lk r u bb le i nc r eam l o am . P l o tB . Y oung a du l t , a g ed 1 8 -20 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* b . F ragmen t s . I r on . A bove l e f tk nee . c . F ragmen t s . I r on . B yl e f tf emu r . d . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . R igh tw a i s t .* e . R ive t s . x 3 , c oppe r a loy s hoe shaped . M id w a i s t .* f . B ead s . x 21 . 1 5 a mbe r , 6g l a s s . U ppe r l e f tt om id l owe rc he s t .*

GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s 4 2 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 9 1-0 .97m , d . 0 . 7 1m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n NE e nd -wa l l . F i l l o fc ha lk r u bb le i n c r eam l o am . P lo tA . A du l t , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x tended s up ine . V e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : a . S hee tf ragmen t s . x 5 , c oppe r a loy . A r ea o fl e f th i p .* b . P o t t e ry v e s se l . F ragmen t s o f , i n comp le t e . A tf o o to fg r ave .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . c . B uck le . I r on ,w i th o va l l o op . M id w a i s t .* d . F i t t ing . C oppe r a l loy . 2s ub r ec tangu la r r i v e t ed p l a te s , w i th w ood r ema in s . A t f o o t o f g r ave .* e . P la te . C oppe r a l loy , r i ve ted . A t f o o t o f g r ave .*

GRAVE 7 0 . A x i s7 4 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 69m , w . 1 . 06m ,d .0 . 48m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . S pade o rm a t tock m a rk s o n S E s i de . F i l l o f c r eam -b rown c l ay l o am , c on ta in ing s h e rd s o f l a te R oman p o t . O u t l ine o f c off in ( 2 .35mx0 .53 -0 .7mx0 .48m ) . P l o tA . A du l t , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . G la s s v e s se l . C one b eak e r . L ef t , a bove s ku l l .* b . P u r se -moun t / f i re s t ee l . I r on , c ove r ed i n c l o th . A r ea o fl e f tw a i s t .* c . K n if e . W i th c oppe r a loy s t ud s e t i n to b l ade . U nde rb . *

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i s3 8° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w .0 . 8 1m , d .0 . 75m . C u tR oman d i t ch . Ma t tock m a rk s o ns i de s a nd b a se . F i l l o f c r eam l o am w i th c ha lk r u bb le , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . J uven i le f ema le , a ged 1 2 14 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rav eg ood s : a . B ead s . x 94 . 1 0 a mbe r , 8 2 m onoch rome g l a s s , 2p o lych rome g l a s s . L ef tc he s t .* b . K n if e . B e tween l e g s .* c . R ing . C oppe ra l loy w i r e . B e tween l e g s .* d . F ragmen t s . I r on o b jec t a nd ? r od . B e tw een l e g s .* e . R od I r on ,f r agmen t so f . B e tw een l e g s . f . R ing . I r on . B e tween l e g s . g . R ing s . x 2 ,i r on . B e tw e en l e g s .* h . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . B e tw een l e g s .* i . S p ind le w ho r l? Wood en . A tf o o to fg r ave i na r ea o fb l a ck o rgan ic m a t e r ia l .* j . S t ud s . x 2 c oppe r a loy . U nde r r i gh t f o r ea rm .* k . B ead s . x 4 , m onoch rome g l a s s . B e tween l e g s .* 1 . R ing . I r on . B e tween l e g s , c o r roded t o m .* m . I r on d i amond P e rf o r a ted ,c o r roded t ol . * n . I r on o b jec t s . D iamond , p e rf o ra t ed , a nd L s h aped i r on f r agmen t . B e tween l e g s .* o . R odf ragmen t s . I r on . B e tween l e g s .* p . S hee t f ragmen t s . x 4 , c oppe r a loy . B e tw een l e g s .*

GRAVE 7 1 . A x i s 3 5° . G rave I .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 93 1m , d . 0 . 58m . P a r t ia l ly c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch , a nd c u t b y g r ave 1 0 . Ma t tock m a rk s o n SW e nd -wa l l . F i l l o fc r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic p o t she rd s . P lo tA . A du l t , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . B rooch . S qua re -headed , l ow t in b ronz e g i lded , w i th g a rne t i n lay s . I n v e r t ica l r ow o f b r ooche sb e tween n eck a nd w a i s t .* b . B rooch . S qua re p l a t e , h i gh t in b r onz e g i lded , w i th g a rne t s . P a i r w i th c . I n v e r t ica l r ow o fb rooche sb e tween n eck a nd w a i s t .* c . B rooch . S qua re p l a t e , h i gh t in b ronz e g i lded , w i th g a rne t s . P a i r w i th b . I nv e r t ica l r ow o fb rooche sb e tween n eck a nd w a i s t .* d . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . L ef tw a i s t .* e . F ing e r r ing . S i lve rs p i ra l . O nf i ng e rb one o fr i gh th and .* f . I r on d i amond P e rf o ra t ed . L ef tf emu r .* g . S t rap -end C oppe r a loy , b ay leaf shaped . B e tween k nee s .* h . B ead s . x 143 . 1 0 a mbe r , 1c r y s ta l , 6 8 d r awn g l a s s , 3 5 m onoch rome g l a s s , 8 p o ly ch rome g l a s s , 2 1 d i sco lou r ed g l a s s . L ef t c he s t .* i . B rooch . S qua re -headed , l ow t in b ronze g i lded . I n v e r t ica l r ow o f b rooche s b e tween n eck a nd w a i s t .*

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i s 7 8 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 08m , w . 0 . 68 -0 .87m , d . 0 . 08 -0 .25m . P a r t ia l ly c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 4 0+ y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G r ave g ood s : a . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy l o op w i th r ema in so f i r on t ongue . L ef tw a i s t .* b . H one . B yl e f th and .* c . K n if e . B yl e f te l bow .* d . R od I r on . B yl e f th and . e . B ead s . x 6 , 5a mbe r , 1g l a s s . S ku l la r ea .* f . S t rap -end C oppe r a loy , b ay leaf shaped . A bove l e f tw r i s t .*

GRAVE 7 2 . A x i s 4 8° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 0 . 98 1 .02m , d . 0 . 52m . C u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch , a nd c u t b y g r ave 1 0 . F i l l o fc r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P lo tA .

1 5 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . J uv en i le /young a du l t? s u rv ived . N og r ave g ood s .

O n ly

l e g

d . F i re s tee l / pu r se -moun t . I r on , w i th f r ame . L ef tw a i s t .* e . S pea rf e r ru l e . I r on , c on shaped . R igh t a nk le .*

b one s

GRAVE 7 3 . A x i s 4 1° . G rave 1 .2 . 32m , w . 0 . 89 -0 .94m , d . 0 . 68m . P a r t ia l ly c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n SW e nd -wa l l a nd b a se . F i l l o fb r own c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . P l o tA . A du l t f ema le , a ged 1 8 -21 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . P oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : a . C ha in . I r on . O ve rt o po fr i gh tf emu r .* b . B race le t . C oppe r a l loy w i r e .* A round r i gh tf o r ea rm .* c . R ive t . S hoe shaped , c oppe r a loy . P e lv i s a r ea ,p o s s ib ly d i s t u rbed b ya n ima l s .* d . B rooch . A nnu la r , l ow t in b ronz e . R igh t w a i s t .* e . B rooch . L ow t in b ronz e . C a s t i m i ta t ion o fc r o s s -bow b rooch . L owe rr i gh tc he s t .* f . B rooch . L ow t in b ronz e , a n ima l b r ooch . R igh tc he s t .* g . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch , d eba sed s i lve r g i l t . N eck .* h . C o sme t ic b ru sh? C oppe r a loy . W i th 9 d r awn g l a s s b ead s s t uck t oi t ,p l u s r ema in s o f b ead s t r ing . A l so f r agmen t ed c oppe r a loy w i re l o op . R igh ts hou lde r .* i . B ead s . x 420 b ead s . 3 5 a mbe r , 2 86 d r awn g l a s s , 9 9 m onoch rome g l a s s . 9o f t h e b ead s s t u ck t oh . N eck a nd u ppe rr i gh tc he s t .* j . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy . P e lv i s a r ea , p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed b ya n ima l s .* k . R ing . I r on . L ef th i p . 1 . R ing a nd l o op . I r on . L ef th i p .* m . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* n . P in . I r on . R igh ts hou lde r .* o . P in . I r on . R igh ts hou lde r .* p . P endan t . B one . N eck .* q . R i ve t . S hoe shaped , c oppe r a loy . P e lv i s a r ea ,p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed b ya n ima l s .* r . R i ve t . S hoe shaped , c oppe r a loy . P e lv i s a r ea ,p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed b ya n ima l s .*

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i s 3 8° . G rave 1 .2 . 12m , w . 0 . 58 -0 .69m , d . 0 . 55m . P a r t ia l ly c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . Ma t tock m a rk o n SW e nd -wa l l . F i l l o fc r eam b r own c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton w e l l p re se rved . S t a tu r e 1 . 733m . G rave g ood s : a . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy l o op , i r on t o ngue . L ef tw a i s t .* b . K n if e . O v e rl e f tc he s t .* GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s 3 4 ° . G rave I .2 . 39m , w . 0 . 9 1 1 .0 1m , d . 0 . 67m . C u t p i t . Ma t tock ma rk s o n SW e nd w a l l a nd b a se . F i l l o f c r eam c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk r u bb le , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . A du l t , p r obab ly m a le , a ged a bou t 3 0 y ea r s . E x tended s u p ine . Mode ra te ly w e l l p r e se rved s k e le ton . S t a t u r e 1 . 736m . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l .* b . F ragmen t s . I r on . R igh tc he s ta r ea . c . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy l o op w i th i r on t o ngue . M id w a i s t .* d . K n if e . M id w a i s t .* GRAVE 7 7 . A x i s 12° . G rave 1 .1 . 7m , w . 0 . 6 -0 .72m , d . 0 . 96m . C u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n l owe rNs i de . F i l lo fb rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk , c on ta in ing R oman p o t she rd . P l o tB . C h i ld , a ged 7 9 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ku l l a nd l e gb on e so n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 7 8 . A x i s 3 8 ° . G rave I .1 . 16m , w . 0 . 53m , d .0 . 16m . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk . P l o tA . I n f an t , a ged 1 . 5 -2 .5 y ea r s . Two t e e th o n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : a . B race le t . C oppe r a loy w i re . C en t ra l a r ea o fg r ave .*

GRAVE 7 4 . A x i s3 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 27m , w . 0 . 89m , d .0 . 7 1m . P a r t ia l ly c u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . F i l l o f c r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . J uven i le /young a du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm in ed . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead . C oppe r a loy s t r ip w ound r o und s o ck e t . R igh to fb ody .* b . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . L ef tw a i s t .* c . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 7 9 .

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A pp end ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s6 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 53m ,w .0 . 94m , d .0 . 63m . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am w i th much c ha lk . P l o tA . A du l t , a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . T ee th a nd l o ng b one so n ly . G r ave g ood s : a . S pea rhead . R igh to fs ku l l .* b . S eax . L ef tw a i s t .* c . C h i se l? I r on . I nw ood en , l e a the rc ov e r ed s h ea th . O nt op o fb . *

o .R im b i nd ing s . S i lve r , f r agmen ted . B ind ing s o fw ooden v e s se l . S u r rounded b ya r ea o fb l a ck o r gan ic m a t e r ia l . B yl e f ta nk le .* GRAVE 8 2 . A x i s4 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 35m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 55m . C u tp i t . Ma t tock m a rk o n b a se . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s ,p l u sr e s idua lh uman b one . P l o tA . A du l t , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . P oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead B yr i gh tf oo t .* b . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 8 0 . A x i s 8 2 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 54m ,w .0 . 7 1m , d .0 . 77m . Ma t tock ma rk s o n S E s i de a nd b a se . F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t sh e rd s . P lo tA . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed 2 2 -27 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G r av eg ood s : a . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l .* b . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s 4 0 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 68 -0 .83m , d . 0 . 19m . C u t i n to p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch , a d jo in s g r ave 8 4 . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk g r i t s , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t t e ry . P l o tA . A du l t f ema le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S t a tu r e 1 . 576m . G rave g ood s : a .K n if e . B yl e f tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s 3 6 ° . G rave I .2 . 86m , w . 1 . 02 1 .07m , d . 0 . 56m ( m in . ) . U ppe r l e v e l s c u t b y m ode rn c ha lk q ua r ry . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk r u bb le , c on ta in ing l a t eR oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed 4 5 -55 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G r av eg ood s : a . S h ie ld a nd t o o l s . B o s s a nd g r ip . Map le w ood c a se c on ta in ing c oppe r a l loy t weez e r s a nd i r on s hea r s , f o und u nde rs h ie ld -bo s s .* b . S h i e ld -moun t . G i lded c oppe r a loy , b i rd s h aped . R igh to fs h ie ld -bo s s ,o ve re . * c . S h ie ld -moun t . G i ld ed c oppe r a loy , b i rd s h aped . A bove s h ie ld -bo s s .* d . S h ie ld -moun t . G i lded c oppe r a loy , b i rd s haped . L ef to fs h ie ld -bo s s .* e .S pea rhead . R igh to fs ku l l .* f . S word . I n w ooden s c abba rd . F rom l e f t w a i s tt ok nee s .* g . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . A bove l e f ta nk le .* h .S p ea rf e r ru l e . C one s h aped . B yr i gh ta nk le . i .H one . M id w a i s t , o ve ra r ea o fd a rk o rgan ic m a t e r ia l .* j .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy s h i e ld -on tongue ,w i th r e c tangu la r l o op . M id w a i s t , o ve r o rgan ic m a t e r ia l .* k . S hee tf ragmen t s . x 5 , c oppe r a loy . L ef t w a i s to ve rd a rk o rgan ic m a t e r ia l .* I . R i ve t . S hoe shaped , c oppe r a loy . D eco ra t ion m a t che st h a to nb uck le j . * m . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a loy . M id w a i s t o ve r a r ea o fd a rk o rgan ic m a te r ia l .* n .K n if e . L ef tw a i s t ,u nde rs wo rd .*

GRAVE 8 4 . A x i s 3 4 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 43m ,w . 0 . 56m , d .0 . 43m . C u t p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch , a d jo in s g r av e 8 3 . F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk a nd f l i n t l ump s , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P lo tA . J uven i le f ema le , a ged 1 4 17 y ea r s . S up ine , a rm s b en t d oub le , l e g s t i gh t ly f l exed t or i gh t . S ke le ton f a i r ly w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 8 5 . A x i s 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 37m , w . 0 . 62 -0 .69m , d . 0 . 47m . C u t p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . D i s tu rbed , w i th r ema in s o f mo r e t h an o ne i n d iv idua l . 8 5a : A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . B one s d i s tu rbed i n f i l l . S ku l l a t SW e nd . S t a tu r e 1 . 685m . 8 5b : A du l t , a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . B one sd i s tu rbed i nf i l l . G rave g ood s : a . B o s s . I r on , i n la id w i th n on -f e r rou s m e ta l . I nf i l lt owa rd s SW e nd .* b . S pea r f e r ru l e . C one s haped . I n f i l l t owa rd s NE e nd .* c . S pea rhead O n b a se o fg r ave , t or i gh t o f s ku l l .* d . K n if e . O nb a se o fg r ave ,t ol e f to fs ku l l .*

1 5 3

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . J uven i le , a g ed 1 2 16 y ea r s . S ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a .K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

e . O b j ec t . C oppe r a l loy . P o s s ib ly w a s t e f r om c a s t ing . O n b a se o fg r ave , t owa rd s SW e nd .* GRAVE 8 6 . A x i s 3 1° . G rave 1 .2 . 2m , w . 0 . 84m , d .0 . 54m . C u t p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l lo fb rown c l ay l o am w i th m uch c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd l a t e R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . A du l t , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l la nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a . B rooch . L ow t in b r onz e a nnu la r b r ooch . L ef ts hou lde r .* b . B rooch . L ow t in b ronz e a nnu la r b r ooch . D eco ra ted . R igh to fn eck .* c . B rooch . L ow t in b ronz e a nnu la r b r ooch . R igh ts hou lde r .* d . R od . I r on . U ppe rc he s t . e . T o i l e ts e t . C o sme t ic b ru sh? , s poon , p i ck . A l lc oppe ra loy . C he s t .* f . B ead s . x 87 . 5 8 a mbe r , 2 6 d r awn g l a s s , 3 m onoch rome g l a s s . N eck a nd c he s t .* g . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . R igh tw a i s t .* h . B rooch . L ow t in b r onze g i l t r a d ia t e b r ooch . C a s t f r om s ame m ou ld a s ia nd j . G a rne t i n la id k nob s . I nv e r t ica l r ow o n r i gh t h i pw i th ia nd j . * i . B rooch . L ow t in b ronz e g i l t r a d ia te b r ooch . C a s t f r om s ame m ou ld a s ha nd j . G a rne t i n la id k nob s . I nv e r t ica l r ow o n r i gh t h i pw i th ha nd j . * j . B rooch . L ow t in b r onze g i l t r a d ia te b r ooch . C a s t f r om s ame m ou ld a s ia nd h . G a rne t i n la id k nob s . I nv e r t ica l r ow o n r i gh t h i pw i th ia nd h . * k . F i r e s t ee l / pu r se -moun t . I r on , w i th a t ta ched b uck le . O ve r1 . * 1 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* m . F ragmen t s . I r on , i n c lud ing b en t r od . B y l e f tf emu r .* n . N eed l e / p in . C oppe r a loy n eed le /po in t , b r ok en ,a nd i r on p i n . L ef tf emu r .* o . G la s s f ragmen t . R oman w indow g l a s s . B yl e f tf emu r .* p . F o s s i l . B ra ch iopod , d e r ived f r om l o ca l U ppe rC ha lk . B yl e f tf emu r .* q . B ead G la s sd i sc , w h i t et r a i lo n b l a ck . B y l e f tf emu r .*

E x tended s up ine .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s4 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 93m , d .0 . 68m . C u t p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l lo fb rown c l ay l o am w i th m u ch c ha lk , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd l a t e R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . J uven i le /young a du l t ,a g ed 1 7 -20 y ea r s ,s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended s up ine . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . B uck l e a nd f i t t ing s . C oppe r a loy s h ie ld o n tongue b uck le , w i th 3 c oppe r a loy s hoe s haped r i v e t s . L ef tw a i s t .* b . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* GRAVE 8 9 . A x i s 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 4 1m , w . 0 . 87 -0 .98m , d . 0 . 26m ( m in ) . U ppe r l e ve ls c u t b y m ode rn c ha lk q ua r ry . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f g r ey l o am w i th c ha lk r u bb le . P lo tA . A du l t , p r obab ly m a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead B yl e f te l bow .* b . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th h and le a nd i r on b uck le a t tached . O ve rl owe rc he s t .* c . S h ie ld -moun t . C i r cu la r , i r on . U ppe r l e f t o fb o s s . d . S h ie ld -moun t . C i r cu la r , i r on . L owe r l e f t o fs h ie ld -bo s s . e . S h ie ld -moun t . C i r cu la r , i r on . U pp e rr i gh t o fs h ie ld -bo s s .* f . S h ie ld -moun t . C i rcu la r , i r on . L ow e rr i gh t o fs h ie ld -bo s s . g . K n if e . U nde r ca nd d . * h . B uck l ea nd r i ve t s . C oppe ra loy s h ie ld -on t o ngue b uck le ,w i th 3c oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped r i ve t s . U nd e rs h ie ld -bo s s .* GRAVE 9 0 . A x i s 4 1° . G rave 1 .2 . 21m , w . 0 . 73m , d .0 . 4m ( m in ) . U ppe r l e ve l s r emoved b ym oder nc ha lk q ua r ry . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o fc r eam c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk r u bb le . P lo tA . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S t a tu r e 1 . 796m . G rave g ood s : a . K n if e . O v e rr i gh te l bow .* b . B uck l e . I r on . M id w a i s t .* c . S pea rh ead L ef to fs ku l l .*

GRAVE 8 7 . A x i s 4 2 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 88m , w . 0 . 77 -0 .8 1m , d . 0 . 31m . C u t p r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i t ch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s , c on ta in ing R oman p o t she rd s a nd t i l e . P lo tA .

GRAVE 9 1 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s4 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 72m , w . 1 . 03m , d .0 , 36m ( m in ) . U ppe r l e ve l s r emoved b y mode rn c ha lk q ua r ry . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o fc r eam c l ay l o am w i th s ma l l c ha lk r ubb le . P lo tA . G rown / juven i le , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . L eg b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead . T or i gh t? o fs ku l l .* b . O b jec t s . Two i r on b i nd ing s , a nd f r agmen ted k n if e . B ind ing s i nu ppe r r i gh t f i l l , k n if eo ve rs wo rd .* c . S pea rf er ru le . C one s haped . L owe r r i gh t c or n e ro fg rave .* d . S h ie ld -bo s s . C he s ta r ea .* e . S word . L ef ts i de .* f . B ow l . C oppe r a l loy b ow l , w i th t wo p a i r s o f o ppo sed t r iangu la r moun t s , p a i r o f o mega s haped d rop h and le s , a nd t r ive t . U p s ide d own a tf o o to fg rave .* g . j .k . 1 . F i t t ing s . C oppe r a loy f i t t ing s , p o s s ib ly f r om al y re . N ea rf o o to fg r ave . R ing , r i ve t s ,b racke ta nd p l a te s .* h . S h ie ld r i ve t s . I r on f r agmen t w i th t wo r i ve t s . P robab ly f r om s h ie ld b oa rd . T o r i gh t o fb o s s .* i . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy l o op , i r on t o ngue , h i ng ed p l a te w i th c oppe ra l loy s t ud . B ym idd le o fs wo rd b l ade .* m . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy l o op a nd i r on t o ngue . U nde rs h ie ld -bo s s .* n . T wee zer s . C oppe r a l loy . U nde r s h ie ld b o s s .* o . B uck le . C oppe r a loy l o op a nd i r on t o ngue . U nde rs h ie ld -bo s s .*

h . B rooch . H igh t in b ronze g i l t r a d ia te b rooch , w i th g ar ne t se t k nob s . F rom s ame m ou ld a si .R igh th i p .* i . B rooch . H igh t in b ronze g i l t r a d ia te b rooch , w i th g a rne t se t k nob s . F rom s ame m ou ld a sh . R igh th i p .* j . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . R igh tw a i s t .* k . B e l t -moun t? C oppe ra l loy . R igh tw a i s t .* 1 . B e l t -moun t? C oppe ra l loy . L ef tw a i s t .* m . B ead s . x 46 . 1 a mbe r , 2 6 m onoch rome g l a s s , 9p o lych rome g l a s s . L ef t s hou lde r a nd l ef tl owe rc he s t .* n . I r on d iamond . P e rf o ra ted .* o . B racke t s . x 4 , i r on c of f in b racke t s . A t e ach c or ne ro fg rave .* GRAVE 9 3 . A x i s 4 3° . G rave I .2 . 68m , w . 0 . 94 1 .24m , d . 0 , 9m . C u t R oman d i tch . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o fg r ey c l ay l o am w i th m any c ha lk l ump s , c on ta in ing R oman p o t she rd s . P lo tA . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton mode ra te ly w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l .* b . S h ie ld -bo s s . O ve r l ef t c he s t o n s wo rd h and le .* c . G la s s v e s se l . B e l l b eake r . B e tween s ku l l a nd a . * d . S word W i th w ooden s c abba rd . i ,ka nd 1 =s c abba rd f i t t ing s . O n l ef ts i de , h and le u nde r b o s s , b l ade u nde rp e lv i s .* e . R ing . I r on . B y l ef te l bow .* f . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . L ef tw a i s t .* e . L ef tw a i s t , o ve rs wo rd .* g . Knif h . S tud . C oppe ra loy . B y l ef ta nk le . S pu r?*

GRAVE 9 2 . A x i s 7 7° . G rave I .2 . 25m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 46m . C u tp r eh i s to r ic r i ng d i tch . Two m a t tock m a rk s o n SW e nd -wa l l . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th s ma l l c ha lk l ump s , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . C off in . P lo tA . A du l t f ema le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton mode ra te ly w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . B ucke t . S t ave -bu i l t , w ooden . C oppe r a loy b ind ing s a nd moun t s . L owe r l ef t c or ne r o fg r ave .* b . B ead T u rquo i se g l a s s m e lon , R oman . L ef to fl ef tf emu r .* c . R od I r on . L shaped . L ef to fl ef tf emu r .* d . K n if e . L ef th i p .* e . B rooch . D isc b rooch , d eba sed s i lve r w i th g a rne t s . N eck .* f . R od . I r on . U ppe rr i gh tc he s t .* g . B rooch . H igh t in b ronze g i l t r a d ia te b rooch . G a rne t s m i s s ing f r om k nob s . M id w a i s t .*

i . S t r ip . I r on , f ound o ve rs wo rd s c abba rd .* j . B uck le . I r on , w i th h i nged p l a te s e t w i th 3 c oppe r a loy s t ud s . M id w a i s t .* k . S t r ip . I r on , f ound o ve rs wo rd s c abba rd .* 1 . S t r ip . I r on , f ound o ve rs wo rd s c abba rd .* m . F ragmen t s . I r on , i n c lud ing p a i r o fs h ea r s . L ef tw a is t .* n . R ive t s . x 4 , i r on . B y l ef th ume ru s .* o . F i t t ing . C oppe ra l loy . L ef tc he s t .* GRAVE 9 4 . A x i s 5 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 48m , w . 0 . 89m , d .0 . 74m . C u tR oman d i tch . Ma t tock m a rk s o nb a se . F i l l o fc r eam l o am w i th c ha lk r ubb le . P lo tA . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : a . R ing . I r on . L ef tw a i s t .* b . K n if e . L ef tw a is t .* c . B uck le . C oppe r a loy s h ie ld -on tongue , w i th w h i te m e ta l s u rf ace . M id w a i s t .*

1 55

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . G rave g ood s : a . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l .* b . S h i e ld B o s s a nd h and le , w i th c o i led h ead o f ad r e s sp i n . O ve rs ku l la nd n eck .* c . S pea r f e r ru le . C one s haped . R igh t o f r i gh ta nk le .* d . S hea r s . I r on . B yl ef tl ow e rc he s t .* e . K n if e . B yl e f tl owe rc he s t .* f . R od ? I r on . L ef tl owe rc he s t .* g . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy s h ie ld -on tongue . Wh i te m e ta ls u rf a ce . M id w a i s t .* h . R ive t s . C oppe r a loy , s hoe shaped . M id w a i s t .*

d . R ive t s . x 2 , c oppe r a l loy s hoe shaped . L ef tw a i s t .* e . G i rd l e -comp l ex . I r on , w i th t e x t i le r ema in s . 2k ey s , g i rd le -hange r , p enannu la r r i ng . B yl e f th i p .* f . R i ve t . C oppe r a l loy , p e rf o ra t ed . L ef t w a i s t .* g . P in . C oppe r a l loy , w i th f l a t d i sc h ead . N eck .* h . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , d eba sed s i lv e r g a rne t in la id . A ven tc l a s s 2( v a r ian t ) . N eck .* i . B ead s . x 54 . 1 6 a mbe r , 1d r awn g l a s s , 2 3 m onoch rome g l a s s , 1 4 p o lych rome g l a s s . U ppe rc he s t .* j . B ead s . x 2 , 1a mbe r , 1m onoch rome g l a s s . A tf o o to fg r ave .* k . S t rap -end . C oppe ra l loy , U shaped . O ve r l e f tf o r ea rm .*

GRAVE 9 8 . A x i s2 9 ° . G rave I .1 . 72m , w . 0 . 46m , d .0 . 4 1m . F i l l o f c r eam -b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . P l o tB . J uven i le , a g ed 1 4 17 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton m ode ra t e ly w e l lp r e served . G rave g ood s : a .K n if e . U nde rl e f tp e lv i s .*

GRAVE 9 5 . A x i s 5 4 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 9m , w . 0 . 78m , d .0 . 29m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o fb rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk g r i t , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t she rd s . P l o tA . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 4 5 -55 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S t a tu r e 1 . 623m . G rave g ood s : a . K n if e . L ef th i p .* b . K ey . I r on . L ef th i p .* c . B ead s . x 22 . 7a mbe r , 1 m onoch rome g l a s s , 4p o lych rome g l a s s . N eck a nd l e f t s hou lde r .* d . B rooch . C oppe r a loy s ma l l q uo i tb r ooch . L ef th i p .* e . R ing . I r on . L ef th i p .* f . G la s s v e s se lf ragmen t . F oo t o f , R oman . B e low l e f th i p .* g . R ing . I r on , f r agmen t o f . L ef t o f l e f t f emu r .*

GRAVE 9 9 . A x i s 3 8 ° . G rave I .1 . 67m , w . 0 . 48m , d .0 . 51m . S t ep h a lf -way d own a t e a ch e nd o f g r av e . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o fc r eam b rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk . P l o tB . C h i ld , a g ed 8 10 y ea r s . E x tended s up in e . T ee th a nd l o ng b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : a .B ead s . x 2 , 1a mbe r , 1d r awn g l a s s . N eck .* GRAVE 1 00 . A x i s 1 08 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 7m , w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 55m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex a nd g r ave 1 0 3 . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s , c on ta in ing 8 p r eh i s to r ic p o t she rd s . P l o tB . A du l t , p r obab ly f ema le , a g ed 4 5 -55 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e s erv ed . G rave g ood s : a . B uck l e . I r on . M id w a i s t . in . I r on . O ve rl e f ts hou lde r . b . P c . R od . I r on . I nf i l la tf oo to fg r ave . n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* d . K

GRAVE 9 6 . A x i s 1 08 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 73m , w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 4 0 . 47m . C u tR oman p i tc omp lex a nd g r av e 1 02 . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . P l o tB . C h i ld , a ged 6 8 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ku l l a nd l e gb one so n ly . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 0 1 . A x i s 1 02 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 52m , w . 0 . 75m , d .0 . 5m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex a nd g r av e s 1 0 3 a nd 1 04 . F i l lo fb rown c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s , c on ta in ing p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t t e ry , p l u s r e s idua lh uman b one . P l o tB . Ma le , g r own . E x t ended s up ine , s k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 7 . A x i s 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 58m , w . 0 . 75 -0 .84m , d . 0 . 6 1m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se . F i l l o fc r eam c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk r ubb le . P lo tB . A du l t m a le , a g ed 3 5 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine ,s ku l la nd l e gb one so n ly .

GRAVE 1 02 .

1 56

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes D -F . A x is 3 4' . G rave 1 .2 .41 m , w . 1 . 01m , d .0 . 54m .

T r ip le i n huma t ion , t wo s ke le tons w i th h ead s t o SW a nd t h i rd b ody b e tween t h em w i th h ead t o

C u t R oman p i t c omp lex , a nd c u t b y g rave 9 6 . Ma t tock ma rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f c r eam c l ay

NE .

l o am w i th c ha lk r ubb le . P lo tB .

1 05A ( i n m idd le , h ead t o NE ) : J uven i le , a ged

A du l t , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x tended s up ine . S ku l l a nd l e gb ones o n ly . G rave g ood s :

S ke le ton mode ra te ly w e l l p rese rved .

1 2 14 y ea r s .

No g rave g ood s . 1 05B ( on r i gh t , h ead t o SW ) : Adu l tm a le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . S ke le ton mode ra te ly w e l l p re se rved . S ta tu re 1 . 667m .

a . B rooch . H igh t in b ronze g i l t s qua re h eaded b rooch . R igh tw a is t .* b . B ead s . x 41 . 2 7 a mbe r , 1c r y s ta l , 7 monoch rome g l a ss , 6p o lych rome g l a s s . N eck a nd r i gh tc he s t .* c . B uck le . C opper a l loy l o op t o ngue . R igh tw a is t .*

a nd

S up ine , l e g s s l igh t ly f l exed .

G rave g oods : 1 . S pearhead . W c orne ro fg rave b ys ke le ton

i r on

1 05C .* 2 . K n if e . R igh tw a i s t .*

d . B rooch . L ow t in b ronze b ow b rooch . R igh tw a is t , a bove a . *

3 . P in . e l bow .*

e . f . g .

1 05C ( on l ef t , h ead t o SW ) : Adu l t f ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . L y ing s l igh t ly o n r i gh t s i de , l e g s s l igh t ly b en t . S ke le ton mode ra te ly w e l l

O b jec t . I r on , f l a t . B y l ef tf emu r . Ob jec t . I r on . L ef tw a is t .* K n if e . L ef tw a is t .

I r on , w i th c o i led h ead .

B y r i gh t

p re se rved . S t a tu re 1 . 519m . G rave g ood s : a . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , d eba sed s i lve r w i th

h . Ob jec t s . I r on , p e rf o ra ted d iamond , ? r ing , ? r od , r i ng . L ef tw a is t , u nde rf . * i . B rooch . K en t ish d i sc , d eba sed s i lve rw i th g a rne t s , Aven tc l a ss 1 . 2 . Among s tb eads , c he s t

g a rne t s . A ven tc l a s s2 . N eck .* b . C o in . R oman , c oppe r a l loy ( AD 3 64 -

a r ea .*

3 78 ) . N eck . GRAVE 1 03 .

c .

L oop . C oppe ra loy w ire . R igh ts hou lde r .

A x i s4 5° . G rave 1 .1 . 45m , w . 0 . 92m , d .0 . 68m .

d .

B rooch .

C u t R oman p i t c omp lex , a nd c u t b y g rave s 1 00 a nd 1 01 . Ma t tock ma rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f c r eam c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk l ump s . P lo t B .

i r on b ack -p la te . G a rne t se t . Above s ku l l .* e . T o i le ts e t . C oppe r a l loy , s poon a nd p i n o n w ire l o op . R igh ts hou lde r .* f . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , d eba sed s i lve r w i th

C h i ld ,

a ged

2 -4

y ea r s .

T ee th

a nd

s ku l l

D isc .

D eba sed s i lve r f r ame o n

f r agmen t s o n ly . No g rave g ood s .

g arne t s . A ven tc l a ss 1 . 1 . B yr i gh te l bow .* g . B ead . Smoky q ua r tz . O ve r r i gh t f o rea rm .*

GRAVE 1 04 .

h .

A x is 1 50° . G rave 1 .1 . 2m ( m in ) , w . 0 . 64m , d . 0 . 56m . C u t R oman p i t c omp lex , a nd c u t b y

t o ngue b uck le , w i th 3c oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped

g r aves 4 5 a nd 1 01 .

B uck le a nd r i ve t s . C oppe ra l loy s h ie ld -on -

r i ve t s . R igh tw a is t .* i .

F i l l o f b rown c l ay l o am

B rooch .

L ow t in

b ronze

g i l t

w i th c ha lk l umps . P lo t B .

s qua re -headed b rooch . R igh th ip .*

A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . S up ine . S ku l l

j .

a nd u pper b ody o n ly s u rv ived . S ta tu re 1 . 649m .

s qua re -headed b rooch . R igh th ip .*

G rave g ood s : a . B uck le a nd r i ve t s . C oppe ra l loy s h ie ld -on -

k .

t o ngue b uck le , a nd t wo c oppe r a l loy s hoe s haped r i ve t s . M id w a is t .* b . I r on d iamond . P erf o ra ted . L ef tw a i s t .*

I . L oop . f emu r s .*

c .

I r on d iamond . P e rf o ra ted . L ef tw a is t .*

f emu r s .

d .

F i re -s tee l /pur se -moun t .

n .

I r on .

L ow t in

B rooch .

b ronze

g i l t

C oppe r a l loy d i sc .

K en t ish B e tween

f emu r s .*

m .

B y l ef t

C o in .

C oppe r

a l loy

w i re .

B e tween

R oman , c oppe r a l loy .

S t rap -end .

B e tween

C oppe r a l loy , b ay leaf -shaped .

B e tween f emu r s .*

w a is t .*

o .

F i t t ing .

C oppe r

a l loy ,

r e c tangu la r .

B e tween f emu r s .*

GRAVE 1 05 . A x is ( 105A 5 0° , 1 05B a nd C 2 30° ) . 2 . 4m , w . 1 . 27m , d . 0 . 77m .

B rooch .

K en t ish

p .

G rave I .

R ive t .

C oppe r

a l loy

s hoe shaped .

B e tween f emu r s .*

C u t R oman p i t

c omp lex . Ma t tock ma rk s o n b a se . F i l l o f c r eam c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk r ubb le , c on ta in ing

q .

R od . I r on , f r agmen t s o f . B e tween f emu r s .

r .

S pr ing . C oppe ra l loy . B e tween f emu r s .*

p r eh is to r ic a nd R oman p o t te ry . G rave p o ss ib ly

s .

O b jec t s .

d i s tu rbed . P lo t B .

s e t t ing , c i rcu la r p i ece o fg reen ish c u t b one , c u t

C i rcu la r g arne t i n lay i n g o ld

h a lf o ft oo th . B e tween f emu r s .*

1 57

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t i nc ha lk , 1 .2 . 08m , w . 0 . 6 1m ,d .1 . 17m . G rav eh ad a ni n te rna l s t ep . Ma tu r e a du l t , p robab ly m a le . F emu r s m ea su r ed 0 . 51m . S up ine e x t ended , l e f t a rm a c ro s st o r so ,f e e tu pa ga in s te nd o fg r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e . T o l e f to fp e lv i s .

t . S p ind le -who r l? P e rf o ra t ed , d omed , l e ad ? B e tween f emu r s . W i th i regu la r p i ece o fl e ad a t ta ched b yi r on c o r ro s ion .* u . S p r ing . C oppe r a loy . B y r i gh t u ppe r f emu r .* v . H ook C oppe r a l loy s t r ip . P robab ly p i n c a t ch f r om b rooch . B yr i gh tu ppe rf emu r .* w . I r on f ragmen t s . K ey s , p l a t e , r od , r i ng s . B yl e f th i p .* x . G o ld b ra id S t r ip o f . R igh to fl ow e rr i gh t l e go f1 05B . y . G o ld b ra id S t r ip s o f . A round a r ea o f s ku l l .* z . B ead s . x 132 . 1 07 a mbe r ,2 4 d r awn g l a s s , 1p o lych rome g l a s s . O ve r r i gh t a rm o f 1 05C , e x t end ing a c ro s s 1 05B f r om l e f t s hou lde r t o l e f tp e lv i sa nd r i gh to fr i gh tf emu r .*

I I . F ound 1 970 , f r on t g arden , N o . 1 47 S t .R ichard 's R oad . GRAVE 3 . A x i s NW -SE? G rave 2 . 13m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s sv e s se l . S qua tj a r ( Ha rden t y pe V I I I ) , d a rk b l ue g l a s s .

GRAVE 1 06 . A x i s 14 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 88m , w . 0 . 58 -0 .69m , d . 0 . 35m . G rave c u t R oman p i t c omp lex . Ma t tock m a rk s o n b a se a nd E -end . F i l l o f b r own c l ay l o am w i th c ha lk , p l u s p r eh i s to r ic a nd R oman p o t te ry . P lo tB . J uv en i le /young a du l tf ema le , a g ed 1 6 19 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved , s t a tu re 1 . 573m . G rave g ood s : a . K n if e . B yl e f tw a i s t .* b . R ing . I r on , f r agmen to f . B yl e f tw a i s t . c . B uck l e? I r on ,f r agmen to f . R igh tw a i s t .* d . R ing . I r on ,p enannu la r . B yl e f tp e lv i s .* e . B ead s . x 30 , 1 0 a mbe r , 2 0 g l a s s . N eck a nd l e f tc he s t .*

8 3 . D ea l V , Upper Dea l . I . F ound S ep t . 1 8 th 1 939 , d ur ing c ab le l a y ing . ( GRAVE 1 . ) A x i s W -E . G rave c u t i nc ha lk , b u t c l o se t o e dge o fl o am f i l led h o l low , d ep th 0 . 48m b e low f o o tpa th . G rave o n ly p a r t ia l ly e xcava t ed . ' Young ' p e r son , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . T h in s ku l l , s l igh t ly w or nt e e th . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

8 5 . D ea l V I I , R edsu l l Avenue . 8 0 . D ea l I ,M i l l H i l l I . I . F ound S ep t . 1 939 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o fa i rr a id s he l ter .

I .F ound 1 898 . GRAVE 1 . A x i s NE -S W . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . G a rne t in la id d i sc b rooch ( Aven t C la s s2 . 6 ,c o rpu sn o . 5 8 ) .* 2 . B ead s . c . 1 70 : mo s t ly g l a s s , w i th c .2 0 a mbe r . 3 . B uck le a nd p la t e . I r on ,w i th o va l i r on b e l t p l a te .* 4 . K n if e? 5 . T wee ze r s?

( GRAVE 1 . ) A x i s SW -NE . G rave c u t i n to c ha lk , d ep th 1 . 52m b e low s u rf ace . A du l t , p r obab ly u nde r 2 5 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

8 8 . Dover I ,P r iory H i l l . I . F ound O c t . 1 986 , d ur ing r enova t ion o f N o . 6 8 , P r iory H i l l . Mr . H .B rown .

I . F ound D ec . 2 2nd , 1 933 , d ur ing d igg ing o f as oak -away .

GRAVE I . G rave c u ti n to c ha lk , d ep th a bou t0 . 4m . S ex a nd a g e n o t d e te rm ined , s ke le ta l r ema in s d i sca rded .

GRAVE 2 .

1 58

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . N a r row , l e af shaped b l ade .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , r ounded NW e nd , v e r t ica l s i de s a nd f l a t b a se , c u t i n to c ha lk . M in . 1 .1 . 66m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d .0 . 10m . S E e nd d e s t royed b yc onc r e te p a th . O v e r l ie sg r av e 4 . A du l t m a le . E x tended s up ine , l i mb s s t ra igh t . M in .h e igh t 1 . 68m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . T o r i gh t o f s ku l l , a bov e a nd r i gh to fs hou lde r . N a r row l e af s haped b l ade .* 2 . K n if e . A t l ef t w a i s t , p o in t t owa rd s r i gh t s hou lde r . C u rved b ack a nd s t ra igh te dg e .* 3 . B e l t p la te . D i rec t ly u nde r ( 2 ) . I r on , r e c tangu la r .*

I . F ound 1l th -12 th D ec . 1 986 , d ur ing i mprovemen t s t o N o . 6 8 , P r iory H i l l . K en t A rchaeo log ica l R e scue Un i t . GRAVE 2 . A x i s 1 44 ° . G rave p robab ly r e c tangu la r , m in . I . 1 . 48m , w . 0 . 55m 1 .12m , d . 0 . 60m . S t eep s i de s , f l a t i sh b a se . S E e nd d e s t royed b y 1 9 th c en tu ry f ounda t ion t r ench . P robab le a du l t m a le . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l r o l led t or i gh t , l i mb s s t r a igh t . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G r ave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A t l ef t h i p . S t ra igh t e dge , a ng led b a ck .* 2 . B uck le a nd p la te . A tc en t re w a i s t . C oppe r a loy ,t r iangu la rp l a te , s h ie ld -on tongue .*

8 9 . Dover I , Buck land . I . F ound d ur ing c on s truc t ion o f h ou s ing e s ta te , 1 951 . W .P .D . S tebb ing .

I I . F ound J an . 1 6 th 1 988 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o f g arden o f N o . 6 4 P r iory H i l l . KARU .

GRAVE B . A x i s 1 09 ° . G rave h ad b een p r ev iou s ly e xcava t ed . L . 1 . 63m ,w . 0 . 51m ,d .0 . 48m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead . Y e l low g l a s sd i sc .* 2 . C lay g l obu le . B ak ed .*

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , s l op ing s i de s , f l a t b a se . L . 1 . 65m , w . 0 . 51m , m in . d . 0 . 15m . N o r the rn e dg e d amag ed b y m a ch ine , g r av ed amag ed b y 1 9 th c en tu ry c on s t ruc t ion . P robab le a du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . O n ly l ow e rh a lf o fs k e le ton s u rv ived , r ema in s m ixed i ng r ave f i l l . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE C . A x i s 1 3 1° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m ,w . 0 . 8 1m , d .0 . 2m . S l igh t r e ce s s i n w a l l o f g r ave n ea r f o o t , c on ta in ing ' d a rk p ea ty ' m a t te r . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd R ing s wo rd , w i th s i lv e r c ocked h a tp omme l . L ef ts i de o fb ody .* 2 . S pea r . H ead a nd f e r ru le .* 3 . B a lance a nd w e igh t s . C oppe r a loy b a lance ,w i th 1 4R oman c o in s . I nr e ce s s .* 4 . K n if e . U nde rs wo rd b l ade .* 5 . S h ie ld B o s s , g r ip , 3i r on s t r ip s , 2s t ud s . N ea rh ead .* 6 . B uck l e . I r on .* 7 . P ebb l e s . x 3 . 2s and s tone , 1c ha lk .* 8 . S h i e ld -bo s s? P robab ly w rong ly a t t r ibu t ed t ot h i sg r ave . P robab ly f r om g r ave D .*

I V . F ound J u ly 9 th 1 988 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o f g arden o f N o . 4 8 P r iory H i l l . Mr . H . B rown a nd KARU . GRAVE 4 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave s ub rec tangu la r , r o unded NW e nd , v e r t ica l s i de s a nd f l a t b a se . C u t i n to c ha lk . M in . I .1 . 53m , m in .w . 0 . 42m , d .0 . 14m . S E e nd d e s t royed b y c on c r e te p a th , SW s i de d e s t royed b ym ach ine . O v e r la in b yg r ave 5 . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . E x t ended s up ine , h ead r o l led t o l ef t , l e f t a rm b en t a t e l bow a c ro s sw a i s t . S ke le ton o n ly p a r t ia l ly c omp le t e . M in .h e igh t 1 . 52m . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A t c en t r e w a i s t . A ng led b a ck , c u rved e dge .*

GRAVE D . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 29m , w . 0 . 56m , d . 0 . 25m . G rave d amaged b ym oder nt e r rac ing . P robab le j uven i le . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy .* 2 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy ,s hoe shaped .*

1 59

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . GRAVE E . A x i s 1 23 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w . 1 . 02m , d . 0 . 31m . N os k e le ta lr ema in sp r e sen t . N og r ave g ood s .

A x i s 13° . G rave 1 .2 . 74m , w . 1 . 22m , d . 0 . 6 1m . G rave d i s tu rbed , b one s a nd o b jec t s i n d i so rde r . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . B one s d i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld g r ip . I r on , f r agmen t so f .* 2 . S tud I r on , w i th c oppe r a l loy p l a ted d i sc h ead .*

GRAVE F . A x i s 1 07 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 89m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 23m . G rav e d i s tu rbed , m idd le o fn o r th s i d e , c on t en t s a ppa r en t ly u nd i s tu rbed . L a rg e f l i n t s a r ound e dge o fg r ave f l oo r . T ee th o n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . P l a ted d i sc , A ven t c o rpu s n o . 1 64 ,C la s s7 . A tn eck .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tn eck .* 3 . F inge r -r ing . S i lve rw i r e , w i th w i r e c o i led t of o rm b ez e l . A tn eck .* 4 . B ead s . x 6 , 5a mbe r , 1l a rge a nnu la r b l ue g l a s s . A tn eck .* 5 . B ox -f i t t ing s . I r on . A tf o o t .* 6 . K ey s . I r on , f r agmen ta ry . L ef th i p .* 7 . F ragmen t . I r on k ey . I n d a rk p a t ch o f e a r th a tr i gh tw a i s t .* 8 . K n if e . P a r to f , l ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 4 . A x i s 1 29 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 49m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 46m . G rav ea nd c on t en t sd i s tu rbed . Ma tu re a du l t m a le . T oo th a nd b one f r agmen t o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead A ngu la rb l ade . I ns i tu a tr i gh t o fh ead .* 2 . S word T ang o n ly ,r e s tr emov ed .* 3 . B uck l e . S i lve r ed c oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on t o ngue . I nf i l lo fg r ave .* GRAVE 5 . A x i s 1 22 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 74m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 36m . G r ave a nd c on ten t sd i s tu rbed . A du l tm a le . B one sd i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l el o op . I r on , f r agmen t .* 2 . S h ie ld g r ip . I r on , 2f r agmen t s .* 3 . K n if e . F r agmen t s .* 4 . S pea rhead s ocke t . W i th t e x t i le i mp r e s s ion s .*

I . R e scue e xcava t ion 1 951 -1953 . V . I .E v i son . GRAVE 1 . A x i s 13° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 69m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed o ve r 4 5 . S up ine , k nee s s l igh t ly f l exed . C ha r coa l? F ragmen t s n ea r w a i s t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rac t ea te . G o ld . A tn eck .* 2 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , A ven t c o rpu s n o . 7 3 ,C la s s3 . 1 . A tn eck .* 3 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tn eck .* 4 . B ead s . x 122 . 6a mbe r , 16 g l a s s . A t n eck .* 5 . B race l e t . C oppe r a l loy w i r e . O n l e f t f o r ea rm .* 6 . K n if e . L ef to fp e lv i s .* 7 . R ing . I r on ,h a lf o f . I n s ide t o pl e f tf emu r .* 8 . R ing . I v o ry . O u t s ide l e f tf emu r .* 9 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .* 1 0 . K ey s . I r on .* 1 . I r on d i amond P e rf o ra t ed .* 1 2 . R ing . I r on ,f r agmen t so f .*

GRAVE 6 . A x i s 1 23 .5 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 84m , w . 0 . 81m , d . 0 . 76m . L a rg e f l i n t s i n u ppe r f i l l o f g r av e . C ha r coa l f r agmen t s( l ime )a r ound p e lv i s . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 . E x tended s up in e , h ead p i l low ed? G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s sv e s se l . B e l lb eak e r . B e low f e e t .* 2 . S he l l . C ow r ie . B e low f e e t .* 3 . S p ind l e w ho r l . C a lca reou s m a t e r ia l . U nde rc ow r ie s h e l l .* 4 . P in . I r on . B e low f e e t .* 5 . K ey s . I r on , t h ree b unche s o n r i ng s . L ef t h i p .* 6 . K n if e . I n s ide l e f tf o r ea rm .* 7 . S haf t . I r on ,p o s s ib ly k ey . W i th k n if e .* 8 . P endan t . C oppe r a loy , w i th s h e l l a nd g l a s ss e t t ing s . F ragmen t so f . A tn eck .* 9 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 1 0 . B ead s . x 36 . 3 5 g l a s s , 1c ow r ie s h e l l . A t n eck .*

GRAVE 2 . A x i s9 3° . G rave 1 .1 . 63m ,w . 0 . 69m ,d .0 . 33m . J uven i le . T oo th a nd b one f r agmen t so n ly . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s 1 04 ° . G rave 1 . 2 . 74m , w . 1 . 22m . D i s t u rbed ,w i th f r agmen to fc l ay p i pe i nf i l l .

GRAVE 3 .

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4 . L oop . I r on ,k i dney shaped . A tl ef th i p .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on . I np e lv i s .* 6 . B ead G la s s , r u s t r e d w i th w h i te t r a i l s . N ea rh ead .*

GRAVE 8 . A x i s 1 00 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 1 . 04m , d . 0 . 6 1m . L a rg e f l in t s o n f l oo r o fg r ave , p acked r ound b ody o rc of in . A du l t o r y oung a du l t m a le . E x t end ed s up ine . F ragmen t so fs ku l la nd l e g so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead W i th c u rv ed t i p . T o l e f t o f s ku l l . R ema in so fs haf td own l e f ts i de .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on . O va l l o op , c i r cu la r p l a te w i th t h r ee c oppe ra l loy r i v e t s . M id -wa i s t .* 4 . B ind ing . I r on , a r ound s p ea r s h af t . O va l c r o s s sec t ion .*

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s 14 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 31m . T r ench c u t t h rough g r ave , r emov ing l ow e rl e g s . Ma tu r ea du l tf ema le . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , g i l ts i lve r . L y ing d i agona l ly b e low c h in ,h ead p o in t ing r i gh t .* 2 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed , g i l ts i lve r . L y ing d i agona l ly o n u ppe r c he s t , h ead p o in t ing r i gh t .* 3 . B ead s . x 17 . 3a mbe r , 1j e t , 1 3 g l a s s . I n l i ne b e tween h ead so fb rooche s 1a nd 2 . * 4 . R i ve t . I r on ,w i th w a she r .* 5 . B rooch . S ma l l long b rooch . S i lve r ed c oppe ra loy . B yl e f th ume ru s .* 6 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy r i ng b rooch . B y l e f th ume ru s .* 7 . K n if e . B yl e f th ume ru s .* 8 . R od I r on , f r agmen t o f , b en t . O u t s ide l e f t f emu r .* 9 . K ey . I r on . ' L a rg e ' . T shaped e nd , i r on s u spen s ion r i ng . A tl e f tp e lv i s .*

GRAVE 9 . A x i s 1 04 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 8 1m , d . 0 . 66m . S ou th s i de o fg r av ep a r t ly r emoved b y m a ch ine ,b u tc on t en t su nd i s t u rbed . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs k u l l .* 2 . S haf t s . x 5 , i r on . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on . M id -wa i s t .* 4 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 5 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . B y k n if e , s h ea th a t t a chmen t ?*

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s 14 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 22m , w . 0 . 53m , d . 0 . 13m . T op o f g r ave s l i ced o f b y m a ch ine . F oo t o fg r ave b e low k nee s r emoved b y t r ench . S ha l low s t ep o nf l oo ro fg r ave p i l lowed s ku l l . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S i lve r -g i l t K en t i sh d i sc . A ven t c o rpu sn o .2 5 ,c l a s s2 . 1 . A tn eck .* 2 . C o in . R oman , c oppe r a l loy . P e r f o ra ted . A tn eck .* 3 . B ead s . x 39 . 2 7 a mbe r , 1m agne s ium c a rbona t e , 1g l a s s . A tn eck .* 4 . S t rap -end . C oppe r a loy . O u t s ide r i gh t p e lv i s .* 5 . S t rap -end C oppe r a loy . O u t s ide r i gh t f emu r .* 6 . S haf t . I r on , f r agmen t s . I n s ide t o p l e f t f emu r . I nb ag ?* 7 . W i r el o op . C oppe ra loy . W i th 6 . * 8 . P lay ing p iece? B one . W i th 6 . * 9 . S t ud C oppe r a l loy , w i th a pp l ied s i lve r d i sc . W i t h6 . * 1 0 . I r on d i amond U nde rl e f tp e lv i s .* 1 . K n if e . O u t s ide l e f te l bow .* 1 2 . R ing . C oppe r a l loy , s l ip -kno t . P o s s ib ly k n if es h ea th f i t t ing .* 1 3 . B uck le . I r on . A tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s 12 ° . G rave I .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 56m . L a rg ef l i n t si nf i l l . Ma le . T ee th a nd f r agmen t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . U nde rs p ea rhead .* 2 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 3 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* GRAVE 1 . A x i s 9 9 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 07m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 36m . H ead o f g r ave d e s t royed b y r o ad . S ou th s i de o fg r ave c u t p i t c on ta in ing R oman p o t t e ry . F ema le . L eg so n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .P ebb l e . S phe r ica l ,o nl e f tk nee .* GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s 1 09 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 36m . L a rg ef l in t s i nf i l l . A du l tf ema le . E x tended s u p ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . F ragmen t . A tl e f th i p .* 2 . I r on d i amond A tl e f th i p .* 3 . R ing . I r on . A tl e f th i p .*

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U GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 57m ,w . 0 . 69m . J uven i le f ema le ,a ged 0 6y ea r s . S ku l lo n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . W ea v ing b a t t en . I r on . L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . B rooch . F rank i sh d i sc . 6k ey s tone g a rn e t s s e ti nc oppe ra loy d i sc . A tn eck .* 3 . P in . S i lve r . A tn eck .* 4 . B rac t ea t e . G o ld , D type . A tn eck .* 5 . B ead s . x 54 , 2 1 a mbe r , 3 g l a s s . A t n eck .* 6 . B rooch . S i lve r -g i l t s qua r e -headed . F oo t b rok en . D iagona l ly a c ro s sb ody , h ead p o in t ing d ownwa rd st or i gh t .* 7 . B rac e l e t . S i lve rw i r e . O nl ef tf o r ea rm?* 8 . B rooch . S i lve r -g i l t s qua r e -headed . L e igh D o .20 1 , S e r ie s I . L ow e r t h an 6 ,d i agona l ly a c ro s sb ody , h ead t or i gh t .* 9 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . M id -wa i s t .* 1 0 . B rac e l e t . C oppe r a loy w i r e , p robab ly o n r i gh tf o r ea rm .* 1 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 1 2 . K ey s? I r on , f r agmen t s . A tl e f th i p .* 1 3 . L oop a nd s haf t s . K ey s? I r on . A t l e f t h i p .* 1 4 . I r on d i amond A tl e f th i p .* 1 5 . I r on d i amond A tl e f th i p .* 1 6 . G la s s v e s se l . B rown g l a s s c l aw b eak e r . E v i son T ype 3 a ,c o rpu sn o . 1 0 . A r ea o fl e g so r f e e t ?* 1 7 . Me ta lb ow L S pun b r onze . O ve rf e e t .* 1 8 . B ead L a rge , a pa t i t e . U nder n ea th b ow l .* 1 9 . B e l t . Wooden , b roken i n to t h r ee l e ng th s . U nde rb ow l .*

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s 1 06 .5° . G rave I .2 . 26m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 31m . We s te nd o fg r ave d amaged . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . B uck l e . I r on , s i lv e r -p la t ed . S h ie ld -on t o ngu e . W i th 2 s hoe shaped r i ve t s . M id w a i s t .* 3 . B race l e t . C oppe r a loy w i r e . F ragm en ta ry . O nr i gh tf o r ea rm .* 4 . G la s sf ragmen t . F rom v e s se l . A t l e f th i p . I np u r se?* 5 . C o in . R oman ,c oppe ra loy . W i th 4 . * 6 . B and . C oppe ra loy , f r agmen t . W i th 4 . * 7 . B ead s . x 8g l a s s . W i th 4 . * GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 68m ,w .0 . 53m , d .0 . 2m . P robab le j uven i le . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tw a i s t ?* GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave 1 . 1 . 22m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 36m . F l in t sa l ong s ou th s i de o fg r ave ,a tt o p . P robab le j uv en i le . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . F ragmen t . M id g r av e .* GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s 1 28 ° . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 2 . 44m b y 0 . 76m b y 0 . 33m . H ead o fg r ave d e s t roy ed b y m a ch ine , a nd m ode rn d i tch h ad r emoved f o o t b e low t h e k nee s . O ve r lay a nd c u t i n to g r ave 2 2 . F i l lm a in ly e a r th . F ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th r e c tangu la rp l a te . M id w a i s t .* 2 . B ead s . x 19 , 1a mbe r , 1 8g l a s s . D i s t u rbed i nf i l l .* 3 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tn eck ,w i th b ead s .* 4 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 5 . K ey s . 5 7 , w i th 2 i r on r i ng s . O u t s ide l e f t h i p .*

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s 2 90 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 .4 lm . M odem t r ench c u tt h rough g r av e . J uven i le f ema le , a ged 6 12 y ea r s . E x t end ed s up ine . S ku l la nd c he s td i s tu rbed b yt r ench . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . C a s to va l l o op w i th c l ub shaped t o ngue , g a rne t se t o va l p l a te . L owe rs p ine .* 2 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 3 . C ha in . I r on , d oub le r ow o f l i nk s , w i th l e a the ra t t a ched . O u t s ide l e f tk nee .* 4 . S p ind l e -who r l . S ha le? T or i gh to ft i b ia .*

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave 1 .1 . 22m m in . , w . 0 . 76m . H ead h a lf o fg r ave d e s t roy ed . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . L eg b one f r agmen t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .P la te s . x 2 ,c oppe ra loy . T or i gh to ff o o t .*

GRAVE 2 . A x i s 1 05 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 91m , d . 0 . 69m . T op f i l l c u t b y g r ave 1 8 , c on ten t s u nd i s tu rb ed . H ead o f g r ave d amaged b y m a ch ine . F i l lm a in ly c ha lk . A du l tm a le . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s :

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6 . B uck l e . I r on . Sma l l . B e tween f emu r s .* 7 . S h ie ld . C on ica lb o s sa nd s t rap g r ip . O v e r l e g s .* 8 . S h i e ldf it i ng s . x 2 i r on d i sc s .* GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s 18 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 83m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 15m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck e t . Wooden , w i th c oppe r a loy b i nd ing s . T ouch ing l ef ts i de o fs ku l l .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy s h ie ld -on tongue , w i th t h r ee s hoe shaped r i ve t s . A tw a i s t .* 3 . R ing . I r on . A tw a i s t .* 4 . R ing . I r on . A tw a i s t .* 5 . I r on d i amond A tw a i s t .* 6 . I r on d i amond s . x 2 . A tw a i s t .* 7 . R od . I r on , S shaped .* 8 . K ey . I r on . A tw a i s t .* 9 . K n if e . A tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s 18° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 46m . Mode rn t r ench a c ro s sf o o t . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . L ow e rj aw a nd l e g so n ly . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . F rank i sh d i sc . R o se t te o f 1 2 k ey s tone g a rne t s s e t o n s i lve r b r ooch . A t n eck .* 2 . K n if e . F ragmen t . A tw a i s t .* 3 . K ey s . I r on , w i th s u spen s ion r i ng . A t w a i s t .* 4 . B ead s . x 5 , 1a mbe r , 4g l a s s . A tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s 15 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 1 . 02m , d . 0 . 46m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . A ven t c o rpu s n o . 14 , C la s s6 . 1 . G i l t s i lve r . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 95 . 1a mbe r , 9 4g l a s s . A tn eck .* 3 . R ing . S i lv e r . A tr i gh ts hou lde r .* 4 . R ing . E xpand ing s i lve r w i r e . N ea r b ead s .* 5 . P endan t s . F ragmen t s o f 3 , s i lve r . A t n eck .* 6 . P endan t . S i lve r ,o va l . U ppe rc he s t .* 7 . P endan t . G i l tc oppe ra l loy . U ppe rc he s t .* 8 . P endan t . G o ld d i sc . R igh tu ppe rc h e s t .* 9 . L ock I r on , w i th k ey f r agmen t i n se r t ed . T ex t i le i mp r e s s ion so ns u r f ace . A tl e f th i p .* 1 0 . K n if e . O u t s ide l e f tf emu r .* 1 . K ey s . I r on . W i th s u spen s ion r i ng . O u t s ide l e f tf emu r .* 1 2 . R im b i nd ing . S i lve r . B yf e e t .*

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s 1 05 .5° . G rave v e ry s ha l low a nd i l d ef ined . C h i ld . S ku l lf r agmen t so n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 7m ,w .0 . 51m ,d .0 . 4 1m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . S up ine f l ex ed ,k nee sd r awn u pt or i gh t . H ead p r opped u pb ye nd o fg r ave . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s 9 3 .5° . G rave d i scove r ed b y b l a s t ing o pe r a t ion s . A g ea nd s ex n o td e t e rm ined . Af ew b one so n ly s a lvaged . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s 1 2 1° . G rave I .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 4 1m . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x tend ed s u p ine . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . B yl e f ts hou lde r .* 2 . S pea r f e r ru le . B y l e f t h i p , p o in t ing t ow a rd sh ead , i mp ly ing s p ea rs haf tb r ok en .* 3 . S wo rd P a t t e rn -we ld ed . A long l e f ts i de o f b ody ,h i l ta ts hou lde r .* 4 . B uck le . I r on . M id -wa i s t .* 5 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 6 1m . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . C omb . B one , s i ng le -edged . U nde rt o p o f s ku l l .* 2 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . A ven t c o rpu s n o . 2 6 ,C la s s2 . 1 . A tn eck .* 3 . P in . S i lve r . A tn eck .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . J uven i le /young a du l tf ema le , a g ed 1 2 18 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . S i lve r -g i l t . A ven t c o rpu sn o . 7 4 ,C la s s3 . 1 . A tn eck .* 2 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 3 . P end an t . S i lve r -g i l td i sc . A tn eck .* 4 . R ing . S i lve rw i r es l ip -kno t . A tn e ck .* 5 . B ead s . x 65 . 2a mbe r , 6 3 g l a s s . A tn eck .* 6 . K n if e . O u t s ide l ef tf emu r .* 7 . K ey s . I r on . O u t s ide l ef tf emu r .* 8 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on h i ng e , l o ck a nd l a t ch o f w ooden b ox . B yl e f tf o o t .*

4 . B ead s . x 83 . 1 4 a mbe r , 6 9 g l a s s . A t n eck .* 5 . P endan t . S i lve r . A tn eck .* 6 . B uck le . Wh i te m e ta l , r e c tangu la r . I r on t o ngue . A tw a i s t .* 7 . K n if e . U nde rl e f th i p .* 8 . K ey s . I r on . U nde rl e f th i p .* GRAVE 3 1 . G rav ed e s t royed b ym a ch ine . GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s 1 2 1 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 46m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 7 1m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , s i lve r g i l t . A ven t c o rpu sn o . 1 36 ,u nc la s s if i ed . A tn eck .* 2 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 3 . E a r scoop . C oppe ra loy . M id -che s t .* 4 . B ead s . x 193 g l a s s . A l so f r agmen t s o f s i lv e rd i sc p endan t . N eck t om id -che s t .* 5 . K n if e . I n s ide t o pl e f tf emu r .* 6 . K ey s . I r on ,p l u s i r on r i ng . W i th k n if e .* 7 . R im b i nd ing . S i lve r . O fw ooden v e s se l . B yl e f tf o o t .* 8 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on h and le a nd l o ck o f w ooden b ox . B yl e f tf o o t .*

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s 9 4 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 84m , w . 0 . 61m , d . 0 . 36m . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on . A tr i gh tw a i s t .* GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s 9 4 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 24m , w . 0 . 56m ,d .0 . 08m . G rave d amag ed b ym a ch ine . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l la nd l e g so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S haf t s . I r on , f r agmen t s o f k ey s? L ef t w a i s t .*

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 14 .5° . G rave I .2 . 36m , w . 1 . 02m , d . 0 . 36m . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x tended s up in e . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . S wo rd . P a t t er n -we lded . A long l e f ts i de o f b ody .* 3 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 4 . P in . I r on . A tl e f th i p .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on . W i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e . U nde rs a c rum .*

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s 16 ° . G rav e1 .2 . 31m ,w . 0 . 9 1m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . A ven t c o rpu s n o . 5 6 ,C la s s2 . 5 . S i lve r -g i l t . A tn eck .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tn eck .* 3 . D i sc . S i lve r , f r agmen t s o f . P endan t ? A t n eck .* 4 . B ead s . x 77 . 7 0 a mbe r , 7g l a s s . O n c he s t f r om n eck t ow a i s t .* 5 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . S em i -cy l ind r ica l p l a t e . M id -wa i s t .* 6 . F ing e rr i ng . R ed g o ld . O nl e f th and?* 7 . K n if e . B e tween f emu r s .* 8 . K n if e . B e tw een f emu r s , u nde r7 . * 9 . K ey c omp l ex . I r on k ey s , s haf t s , d i amond s . B e tw een f emu r s .* 1 0 . R ing . I v o ry ,f r agmen t so f . U nde rk n iv e s . 1 . W ea v ing b a t t en . I r on . O u t s id e r i gh t l e g , p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* 1 2 . G la s s v e s se l . C one b eake r . O u t s ide r i gh t f o o t .* 1 3 . T ab . C oppe r a l loy , s ma l l . A t b ack o f s ku l l . H a i ro r namen t ?*

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s 1 04 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 65m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 46m . B lack w ood f r agmen t sa tf o o to fg r ave . J uv en i le ,a ged 0 6y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tw a i s t .* 2 . B uck l e . I r on . R igh tw a i s t .* 3 . S t rap -end C oppe r a loy . N ea r r i gh t am* GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s 1 23 .5' . 0 . 56m .

G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 1 . 14m , d .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s 1 33' . G rave 1 .2 . 92m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 46m . A du l tm a le . E x tended s up in e . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . S h ie ld B o s s , s t rap g r ip , a nd 3r i ve t s . O n s i de a bove s ku l l .* 3 . K n if e . A tl ef th i p .* 4 . B uck le . I r on , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a te . A t l e f th i p .*

4 . P o t tery v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . E v i son t y pe 1 g .8 . A tf o o to fg r ave .* 5 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on h and le s a nd f i t t ing s o f w ooden b ox . A tf o o to fg r ave w i th p o t .* GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave I .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 15m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . S up ine , k n ee sf l exed s l igh t ly t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . S i lve r . A tn eck .* 2 . C omb? B one f r agmen t s a nd i r on r i ve t . R igh tw a i s t .* 3 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 4 . K ey s . I r on . A tl e f th i p .*

GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s 11° . G rave 1 . 1 . 9 3m , w . 0 . 69m , d . 0 . 28m . G rav er ough ly c u t . J uv en i le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s 1 22 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 9 1m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 18m . N ob one sp r e sen t . N og r ave g ood sp r e sen t .

G RAVE 4 1 . A x i s 18 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 92m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 36m . C off in . A du l t m a le . E x t ended s up ine . F ragmen t s o f s k u l la nd l e g so n ly . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . B y r i gh t f o o t , 2 . 03m f r om s pea rhead .* 3 . S word . L ef ts i de o fb ody ,h i l tn ea rs ku l l .* 4 . K n if e . M id -wa i s t . R ema in s o fd eco ra t ed l e a the rs h ea th .* 5 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . M id -wa i s t .* 6 . C of f in f i t t ing s . I r on ,x 7b and s .* 7 . P u r se -moun t . I r on ,f r agmen t .*

GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s 12 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 31m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . W ea v ing b a t ten . I r on . B e s ide r i gh t l e g , p o in tt owa rd sf o o t .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 3 . B ead s . x 179 g l a s s . A tn eck .* GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s 1 46 ° . G rave I .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 76m . G rav e d e s t royed . N ob one so rf i nd ss u rv ived .

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s 1 26 ° . G rave I .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 4 1m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed o v e r 4 5 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 55 . 1 7 a mbe r , 3 8 g l a s s . A t n eck .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . A tn eck .* 3 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . L ef tw a i s t .* 4 . K n if e . O u t s ide l ef th i p .*

GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s 1 2 1 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 98m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 28m . J uven i le /young a du l tf ema le , a ged 1 2 18 y ea r s . S up ine , l e g sf l exed s l igh t ly t or i gh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy b u t ton b rooch . A t n eck .* 1 B rooch . S auce r ,g i l t -coppe ra loy . M idd le o fc he s t .* 3 . C ha in . I r on , c i rcu la r l i nk s . L ooped b e tween b rooche s .* 4 . B ead s . x 20 . 7a mbe r , 1 3 g l a s s . L ooped b e tween b r ooche s .* 5 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy l o op , i r on t o ngue . M id -wa i s t .* 6 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 7 . R im . C oppe r a loy , f r agmen t o f m e ta l b ow l? A t l e f th i p ,p o s s ib ly i nb ag?*

GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s 1 08 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 98m , w . 0 . 69m , d . 0 . 46m . J uven i le f ema le , a ged 6 12 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p ine . P laced d i agona l ly i ng r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I r on . R igh tc he s t .* 2 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 3 . K ey s . I r on . L ef tw a i s t .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 3 . K ey s . I r on . E x tend ing f r om l e f t h i p t o k nee .* 4 . I r on d i amond I n s ide l ef tf emu r .* 5 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . I n s ide l e f tf emu r .* 6 . R ing . I v o ry . I n s ide l ef tf emu r .* 7 . B uc k e t . I r on b ound , w ooden . A t l e f t f o o t .*

8 . S t r ip . C oppe r a l loy . A t l e f t h i p , p o s s ib ly i nb ag?* 9 . I r on d i amond P a r t o f . A t l e f t h i p , p o s s ib ly i nb ag?* 1 0 . D i sc . I r on . A tl ef th i p ,p o s s ib ly i nb ag ?* 1 . G la s sf ragmen t . P a r to fR oman v e s se l . A t l e f th i p ,p o s s ib ly i nb ag?* 1 2 . B ead s . x 3 , 1a mbe r , 2g l a s s . A t l e f t h i p , p o s s ib ly i nb ag ?* 1 3 . S p ind l e -who r l . F ragmen t s . L ead a nd t i n? B yl e f tk nee .* 1 4 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . C onf ron t ing d o lph in s . B yl e f tk nee .*

GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s 1 37 ° . G rave I .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 81m , d . 0 . 31m . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl ef th i p , u nde rw r i s t .* 2 . K ey s . I r on . U nde rl ef tf emu r .* 3 . K ey . C oppe r a l loy . P a r t o f i r on k ey c omp lex .*

GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s 17 .5° . D imen s ion s o f g r ave n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton l y ing o ns u rf a ce b e tween g r av e s4 6a nd 4 8 . A du l t f ema le , m idd le -aged o r o l d . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton i n comp le t ea nd f r ag i le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead Ambe r . A t n eck . A l so f r agmen t o f g l a s s .*

GRAVE 5 . A x i s 1 3 3 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 93m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 36m . J uven i le f ema le ,a ged 0 6y ea r s . S ku l lo n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 10 . 2a mbe r , 2s t one , 6g l a s s . A t n eck .* 2 . K n if e . A tw a i s t .* 3 . K ey s . I r on . A tw a i s t .* 4 . F o s s i l . C ypho soma . P o s s ib ly i nb ox 5 . * 5 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on f i t t ing s o fw ooden b ox . N ea rl e g so rf e e t?*

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s 1 22 .5' . G rave 1 .2 . 2 1m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 1m . A du l tm a le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . P in . I r on . W i th k n if e .* 4 . B uck l e . T inned b r onze? , s h ie ld -on t o ngue , w i th t wo s hoe shaped r i ve t s . M id w a i s t .*

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s 1 3 1° . G rave I .2 . 82m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 53m . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd P a t te rn -we lded . A long l e f ts i de o f b ody ,h i l to ns hou lde r .* 2 . K n if e . L a rge , b e s ide a nd p a r a l le l t o s wo rd .* 3 . S pea rhead . R igh to fs ku l l .* 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e . B yr i gh tf oo t .* 5 . S h ie ld B o s s , s t rap g r ip , a nd 3r i v e t s . A t e dge o fg r ave b yr i gh ts hou lde r .* 6 . B uck l e . T inned b ronze . T r iangu la r p l a t e w i th t h ree d ome -headed r i ve t s . M id -wa i s t .* 7 . B e l t m oun t . T inned b ronz e . N ea r ly r e c tangu la r . A tw a i s t .* 8 . B e l t m oun t . T inned b ronze . R ec t angu la r . A tw a i s t .* 9 . B e l t m oun t . T inned b ronz e . N ea r ly r e c tangu la r . A tw a i s t .* 1 0 . P la t e . S i lve r ,r e c tangu la r . A tw a i s t .* 1 . P la t e a nd m oun t . T inn ed b r onz e , r e c tangu la r p l a te a nd d i sc shaped m oun t . A t w a i s t .*

GRAVE 5 1 . G rave d e s t royed . GRAVE 5 2 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 25m . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tp e lv i s .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . W i th d oub le p l a te . A tp e lv i s .* GRAVE 5 3 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave I .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 46m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 8 , 3 a me thy s t s , 4 g l a s s , 1 m i l lef io r i . A tn eck .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . 1 2 . A n ima lt o o th . H o r se . I nb ox .* GRAVE 5 7 . A x i s8 4 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 82m ,w .0 . 79m ,d .0 . 56m . A do le scen t? m a le . P robab ly o nl e f ts i de . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . B yr i gh th ume ru s .* 3 . S p ike . I r on ,a r row? T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 4 . O b jec t s . I r on s p ik e , i r on f r agmen t , 2 y e l low m e ta l r i ng s , i r on b u ck le . T o r i gh t o f s k u l l .* 5 . A r row? Among s tt e e th .*

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i s 1 06 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 16m ,w . 0 . 56m . A du l t m a le , a g ed o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O u t s ide r i gh th i p .* 2 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e . A t l e f tw a i s t .* GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s 1 04 .5° . G rave I .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 31m . H ead o fg r ave o ve r lapped p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . A du l t f ema le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . I r on ,h a lf o f . A tl e f tp e lv i s .* 2 . K n if e . F ragmen t s . A tl e f tp e lv i s .* 3 . K ey s . I r on . W i th s u spen s ion r i ng . A t l e f t p e lv i s .* 4 . B ead s . x 26 . 3a mbe r ,2 3 g l a s s . A tn e ck .* 5 . P in . C oppe ra loy . U nde rc h in .*

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s 11° . G rave d ug i n to a nd a c ro s s g r ave 5 9 . A du l t ma le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . U nde r l e f t f o r ea rm , b u t o n t o p o f r i gh th ume ru s ,o fg rave 5 9 .* 2 . O b jec t s . I r on k ey s , r i ng , c oppe r a loy t a b . W i th 1 . * GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s 1 68° . G rave 1 .2 . 08m , w . 1 . 07m . P a r t ly r emoved b yg r ave 5 8 . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i s c b rooch . A ven t c o rpu sn o . 3 8 ,C la s s2 . 2 . A tn eck .* 2 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 3 . B ead s . x 43 . 3a mb e r , 4 0 g l a s s . L ine d own c he s t .* 4 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on f i t t ing s t ow ooden b ox . P robab ly f r om g r ave 5 9 ,r a t he rt h an 5 8 .*

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s7 2 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m ,w .0 . 6 1m . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on . M id -wa i s t .* 4 . L ump s . x 2 , i r on r u s t . O u t s ide l e f tk nee .* GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s 1 4 1° . G rave 1 . 1 . 83m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 23m . T op h a lf o fg r ave o v e r lay p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . H ead h a lf o fg r ave d e s t roy ed b y m a ch ine . A du l tm a le ,m idd le -aged . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . A tr i gh tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 6 0 . A x i s8 1° . G rave 1 .2 . 21m , w .0 . 99m , d .0 . 36m . G rav e v e ry s ha l low a t h ead , s ku l l m o s t ly r emoved . I r on A ge p o ts h e rd i nf i l l . A du l tf ema le . E x tended s u p ine . G r av eg ood s : 1 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 7 . 5a mbe r , 2g l a s s . A tn eck .* 3 . B ead s . x 42 . 1a mbe r , 4 1 g l a s s . I n l i ne d own l ef ts i de o fc he s t .* 4 . K n if e . L ef tp e lv i s .* 5 . I r on b a r s . x 2 ,a tp e lv i s .* 6 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on f i t t ing s t ow ooden b ox . T or i gh to ff e e t .* 7 . K ey s . I r on . I nb ox .* 8 . I r on d i amond I nb ox . * 9 . S p ind l e -who r l . F l a t d i sc o f R oman p o t t e ry . I nb ox .* 1 0 . S p ind l e -who r l . S ha le? I nb ox .* 1 . B ead . Ambe r . I nb ox .*

GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 .3 . 2m ,w . 0 . 86m ,d .0 . 4 1m . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r4 5 y ea r s . S up ine , r i gh t k nee s l igh t ly f l exed . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . A long l e f th umer u s .* 2 . S pea r f e r ru l e . B y l e f t k nee , p o in t ing t owa rd ss p ea rhead ;s haf tp r e sumab ly b rok en .* 3 . S eax . D iagona l ly a c ro s sm idd le o fb ody .* 4 . S haf t . I r on . S ha rpen ing s t ee l? R igh t w a i s t .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 5 . B uck le . T inned b ronz e o ri r on , s h ie ld -on t o ngue . W i th 3 t i nned b ronz e s hoe shaped r i ve t s . R igh tw a i s t .* 6 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 7 . S haf t s . x 2 ,i r on . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 8 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . A tl e f tw a i s t .*

A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd . P a t te rn -w e lded . A long r i gh t s i d e o fb ody ,p omme lo ns hou lde r .* 2 . S pea rhead O u t s ide l ef th ume ru s .* 3 . R ing . C oppe r a l loy . Unde r s wo rd b l ade , p o s s ib ly t e rm ina lo f' swo rd k no t ' .* 4 . B and . C oppe r a loy . U nd e r s p ea rhead s o cke t .* 5 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 6 . B uck l e . I r on . R igh tw a i s t .* 7 . R ing . I r on . M idd le o fs pea rs h af t ?* 8 . S h ie ld . I r on , b o s s , s t rap g r ip , 2a pp l iqué s . P l aced n ea rf e e t .*

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i s 1 4 1° . G rave I .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 51m . P o ts h e rd ( p r eh i s to r ic? )i nf i l l . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . 7a mbe r . A tn eck .* 2 . R ing . I r on ,f r agmen t .* 3 . K n if e . O u t s ide l e f tf emu r .* 4 . K ey . I r on . O u t s ide l e f tf emu r .*

GRAVE 7 2 . A x i s 9 6 ° . G r ave 1 .2 . 2 1m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d .0 . 15m . F l in t sp a cked i nt o pf i l l . ' You th ' . E x t ended s up ine . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s 1 42 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 99m , d . 0 . 46m . L ump o fi r on p y r i t e sb yl e f tf o o t . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -30 y ea r s . P rone , i n ' c on to r t ed ' p o s i t ion . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 18 . 3a me thy s t , 6s h e l l , 9g l a s s .* 2 . P endan t . G o ld , r e c tangu la r . W i th g a rne t s e t t ing .* 3 . P endan t s . x 2 ,s i lve r -g i l td i sc s .* 4 . P endan t . S i lve r -g i l td i sc .* 5 . B ead h a lve s . x 3 , c oppe r a loy . U nde r s ku l l .* 6 . B race l e t . C oppe r a loy w i r e , w i th s l id ing k no t . B e tween s ku l la nd n o r th s i de o fg r ave .*

GRAVE 7 3 . A x i s9 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 69m ,d .0 . 13m . Ma le? E x t ended s up ine . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 7 4 . A x i s 1 09 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 45m , w . 0 . 61m , d . 0 . 23m . J uven i le f ema le , a ged 0 -6 y ea r s . S ku l l f r agmen t sa nd t e e th o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . I r on d i amond F ragmen t . N ea rt e e th .* 2 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i s 1 04 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 39m , w . 0 . 69m , d . 0 . 31m . Y oung a du l tf ema le . E x tend ed s up ine . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i s 12 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 98m , w . 0 . 61m , d . 0 . 38m . D i s tu rbed b yr a bb i th o le . A du l tf em a le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 10 . 4a me thy s t , 1s h e l l , 5g l a s s . A tn eck .* 2 . S hea r s . I r on . O u t s id el ef th i p .* 3 . K ey s . I r on , p l u s s u spen s ion r i ng s a nd s poon . A long i n s ide l e f tf emu r .* 4 . R ing . I v o ry . B e tween k nee s .* 5 . W ea v ing p ick B one . B e tween k n ee s .*

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i s 1 0 1° . G rave 1 . 1 . 24m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 23m . G rave d amag ed b y v eh ic le s . A r e b u r ia l? Ma le . F ragmen t so ff o r ea rm a nd r i b so n ly . . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 7 0 . G rav e 1 .c . 0 . 76m , w . 0 . 76m . G rave v e ry s h a l low . D i s tu rbed b y g r ave 9 2 a nd m ode rn t r ench . A g e a nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . S ku l l , p e lv i s a nd f o o to n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 7 1 . A x i s 1 27 ° . 0 . 31m .

GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s 19 ° . G rave I . 1 . 22m , w . 0 . 5 1m , d . 0 . 56m . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . 3g l a s s . A th ead .* GRAVE 7 .

G rave I .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 74m , d .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s 19 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 46m . A du l to ry oung a du l t . F ragmen t so fl e g so n ly . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . B yr i gh tt i b ia .*

4 . S hea r s . I r on , f r agmen ta ry . A tl e f tp e lv i s .* 5 . B a r . I r on . P lu s p a r t o f i r on r i ng . B y k n if e .* 6 . K n if e . I nt o pf i l l .* GRAVE 8 4 . A x i s 1 02° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 74m , d . 0 . 43m . A do le scen t f ema le , a g ed 1 5 18 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . L ink . I r on . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 3 . H inge . C oppe r a l loy . B e s ide l e f t p e lv i s a nd f emu r .*

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 63m , w . 0 . 4 1m , d . 0 . 36m . S ou th s i de d e s t royed b ym a ch ine . J uv en i le ,a g ed 6 12 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G r av eg ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . R igh tn eck .* 2 . W i re . C oppe ra l loy , c o i led i n to r i ng . L ef t h i p .* GRAVE 7 9 . A x i s 1 20° . G rave 1 .2 . 5 1m , w . 0 . 69m , d . 0 . 33m . A du l to ry oung a du l t . F ragmen t so fb one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .F ragmen t . I r on . N ea rl e f tl e g ?*

GRAVE 8 5 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 52m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 51m . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . M idd le o fg r ave .* 2 . B uck le . I r on . M idd le o fg r ave .*

GRAVE 8 0 . A x i s 1 05 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 68m , w . 0 . 48m , d . 0 . 23m . R i s ing f l oo ro fg r av ep i l lowed s k u l l . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed 1 8 -25 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . C lo se t ol e f tf o rea rm .*

GRAVE 8 6 . A x i s 1 08° . G rave 1 .2 . 82m , w . 0 . 9 1m . G rave d e s t royed . N ob one so rf i nd sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 8 7 . A x i s 1 07 .5° . G rave I .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 41m . A du l tm a le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . L ef tf o o t .* 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . H and -made . O n t o p o f s p ea rhead .* 4 . K n if e . U nde rl ef tf o r ea rm .* 5 . K n if e . I nt o po ff i l l , w i th d i sp la ced b one .*

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s 1 38 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 9 1m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 33m . F ema le . E x t ended s up in e . G rave g ood s : 1 . L ock I r on . L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . A tl ef tp e lv i s .* 3 . S haf t . I r on ,a tl ef tp e lv i s .* 4 . K ey s . I r on , f r agmen t s . I n s ide l e f tf emu r .* GRAVE 8 2 . A x i s 7 4 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 31m . F ema le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . U nde rl ef tf o r ea rm .* 2 . K ey . I r on , f r agmen t s o f . U nde r l e f t f o r ea rm .* 3 . L ump . I r on . B yr i gh tf emu r .

GRAVE 8 8 . A x i s 1 07° . G rave 1 . 1 . 9 1m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 51m . L oo se f i l l ,g r ave p r obab ly r o bbed . B ody s t a in a nd o ne b one o n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 8 9 . A x i s 15° . G rave 1 . 1 . 85m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 23m . C h i ld , a ged 6 12 y ea r s . S up ine , k nee s f l ex ed t or i gh t . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s 9 3 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 56m . F ema le . B one f r agmen t so n ly . G r ave g ood s : 1 . B ead . G la s s . A tn eck .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . A tn eck .* 3 . K n if e . A tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 9 0 . A x i s 5 3° . G ravel .2 . 44m ,w . 0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 48m . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x t end ed s up ine .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . B and S i lve r , e dg ing o f w ooden b ow l . L ef to fs ku l l .* 3 . S h i e ld B o s s a nd s t rap g r ip . A t e dge o f g r ave b yl e f ta rm .* 4 . K n if e . R igh tp e lv i s .*

6 . S wo rd P a t ter n -we lded . A long l e f ts i d eo f b ody ,r e s t ing o ne dge o fb l ade .* 7 . S eax . P a ra l le lt os wo rd .* 8 . B uck l e? I r on f r agmen t s . M id -wa i s t .* 9 . R ing . C oppe r a l loy . O u t s id e r i gh t h i p . P a r to fs p ea rs haf t ?* 1 0 . S h ie ld B o s s , s t rap g r ip , a pp l iqué s . O n f e e t .*

GRAVE 9 1 . A x i s 16 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 25m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h i e ld B o s s a nd g r ip . A t h ead o fg r ave n ea rs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . B yr i gh te l bow .* 3 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l .* 4 . S pea rf e r ru le . A tf e e t .* 5 . S wo rd P a t te rn -we lded . A long l e f ts i de o f b ody ,h i l ta ts hou lde r .* 6 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . W i th t h r ee s hoe shaped r i ve t s .* 7 . K n if e . I nt o pf i l l .*

GRAVE 9 4 . A x i s 18 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 74m , w . 0 . 91m , d . 0 . 25m . H ead o f g r ave r emoved b y t r ench . Two g r av e s ,9 4a i n se r ted a bove 9 4b . 9 4a : A du l tf ema le , o l d . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e? I r on f r agmen t s . A tw a i s t .* 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy a nnu la r . A t f o o t , b u tp robab ly d i s tu rbed .* 9 4b : A du l tm a le . E x tended s up ine . D i s tu rbed b y 9 4a . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd P a t ter n -w e lded a l ong l e f t s i de o f b ody .* 2 . S pea rhead R igh ts hou lde r .* 3 . S pea rf e r ru l e . R igh to ff e e t .* 4 . S t r ip . C oppe ra l loy . P o s s ib ly h ad b een o n s p ea rs h af t .*

GRAVE 9 2 . A x i s 1 37 .5' . G rave I .2 . 39m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 25m . Moder nt r ench a c ro s sm idd le o fg r ave . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tend ed s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc b rooch . A ven tc l a s s 2 . S i lv e r -g i l t . A tn eck .* 2 . B rooch . F rank i sh d i sc b rooch . 9g a rne t s s e to ns i lve rd i sc . M id -che s t .* 3 . B ead s . x 85 . 4 7 l a rge a mbe r , 2 7 s ma l l a mbe r , 1j e t , 2l a rge g l a s s , 8s ma l l g l a s s . W i th b rooche s .* 4 . B uck l e . Wh i te m e ta l . L ef tw a i s t .* 5 . R ing . C oppe ra loy . A tl e f tp e lv i s .* 6 . B and C oppe ra l loy . A tl e f tp e lv i s .* 7 . R ing s . I r on . x 3 . A tl ef tp e lv i s .*

GRAVE 9 5 . A x i s 1 6 5 .5 ° . G rave w . 0 . 53m , d .0 . 05m . F ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . K ey s . I r on , 2 . W i th c oppe ra loy r i ng . A t l e f th i p .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* GRAVE 9 6 . G rave I .2 . 29m ,w . 1 . 14m ,d .0 . 36m . D oub le b u r ia l ,b od ie ss i de b ys i de . 9 6A : A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed o ve r 4 0 y ea r s . S up ine , r i gh t l e g s l igh t ly f l ex ed . T o r i gh to f9 6B . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . P in . I r on . T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 3 . B uck l e . S i lve r -p la t ed s h ie ld -on tongu e , w i th t h r ee s hoe shaped r i ve t s . M id -wa i s t .* 4 . S wo rd . P a t te rn -w e lded . A long l e f ts i de o f b ody .* 5 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 6 . S h ie ld B o s sa nd g r ip . O n f e e t .* 9 6B : A du l t m a le , 2 0 -30 y ea r s o l d . E x t end ed s up ine . G rave g ood s : 7 . S pea rhead B yl e f ts hou lde r .* 8 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 9 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 9 3 . A x i s 17 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 62m , w . 0 . 91m , d . 0 . 28m . A du l t m a le , a g ed 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t end ed s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead L a rg e , c y l ind r ica l . T o l e f t o f s ku l l .* 2 . R od I r on . T ol ef to fs ku l l .* 3 . S pea rhead I n la id w i th s wa s t ika . T o l e f t o fs ku l l .* 4 . S pea rf e r ru le . O u t s ide r i gh te l bow . S pea r s h af tb rok en .* 5 . B and s . x 2 c oppe r a l loy . B y r i gh t h ume ru s .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 0 . S word P a t ter n -we lded . A long l e f ts i de o f b ody .*

1 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 2 . B e l t m oun t . C oppe r a loy , s ub t r iangu la r . M id -wa i s t .* 3 . S hee t . C oppe r a loy , r e c tangu la r . M id w a i s t .*

GRAVE 9 7 . A x i s 9 6 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 57m , w . 0 . 97m , d . 0 . 33m . N or e co rd o fs k e le ton . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . F ragmen to fb l ad e .*

GRAVE 1 04 . A x i s 1 05 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 23m . Ma le . E x tended s up ine . B one f r agmen t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef th i p .*

GRAVE 9 8 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave w . 0 . 86m ,d .0 . 1m . A du l tm a le . E x tended s up in e . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S word P a t t e rn -we lded . A long l ef ts i de o f b ody .* 2 . S pea rhead S ocke t o n ly , b l ade m i s s ing . O u t s ide l ef th ume ru s .* 3 . S h ie ld B o s s , s t rap g r ip , 4i r on d i sc s . N ea rs ku l l . D amaged ( b yp l ough ing? ) .* 4 . B e l t m oun t s . x 3 , t i nned b ronze . R ec tangu la r . A tw a i s t .* 5 . K n if e . M id -wa i s t .* 6 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . O nl e f tp e lv i s .*

GRAVE 1 05 . A x i s 1 07 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 75m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 36m . C h i ld ,a ged 6 12 y ea r s . T oo th o n ly . . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* GRAVE 1 06 . A x i s 1 06 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 23m . Ma le . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 9 9 . A x i s 8 5 .5° . G rave I .2 . 08m , w . 0 . 53m , d . 0 . 58m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 4 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 07 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave I . 1 . 98m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 05m . F ema le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . F ragmen t s . I r on , t weez e r s? B y l e f t f o r ea rm .* 2 . K ey s haf t s . I r on , f r agmen t s . E a ch s i de o f l e f tf emu r .* 3 . C omb? B one o r a n t le r f r agmen t s . B e tween f emu r s . 4 . W o rkbox . C oppe ra loy . B e tw een k n ee s .* 5 . P in a nd r i ve t . C oppe r a loy . I n s ide w o rkbox .* 6 . B ead s . x 2 g l a s s . A tn eck .* 7 . R ing . S i lve rw i r ef r agmen t . A tn eck .*

GRAVE 1 00 . A x i s 9 4 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 93m , w . 0 . 56m , d . 0 . 48m . F ema le . S up ine ,r i gh tl e gs l igh t ly f l exed . . G rav eg ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra l loy . A tn e ck .* GRAVE 1 01 . A x i s 10 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 39m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 2m . F ema le . O nr i gh ts i de? , l e g sf l exed r i gh t . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra l loy . A tn e ck .*

GRAVE 1 08 . A x i s 1 07 .5° . G rave I .1 . 37m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 33m . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I nm idd le o fg r ave .* 2 . B uck le . I r on , w i th i r on p l a te a nd s i lve r r i ve t s . W i th k n if e .*

GRAVE 1 02 . A x i s 9 6 .5° . G rave 1 .1 . 98m , w . 0 . 64m , d . 0 . 2m . A du l t ,s ex n o td e te rm in ed . E x t ended s up ine . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 03 . A x i s 18' . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 4 1m . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 1 09 . A x i s 1 22 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 46m . A du l to rj uven i le . F ragmen t so fl e g so n ly . G rave g ood s :

1 7 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 2 . B e l t m oun t . C oppe r a l loy , t r iangu la r . A t l ef tw a i s t .* 3 . F ragmen t . I r on . T o l ef to fs ku l l .* 4 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 5 . S haf t s . I r on f r agmen t s . K ey s? W i th s u spen s ion r i ng s . A t l ef tw a is t .* 6 . S hoe lace t ag . I r on . R igh tf oo t .* 7 . S haf t . I r on , w i th r i ng e nd . K ey ? R igh t c he s t .* 8 . C omb? A n t le r o rb one f r agmen t s , t or i gh t o ff emu r s .

1 . K n if e . A tl ef th i p .* 2 . R ing . I r on . P enannu la r . A tl ef th i p .* 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . E v i son t ype I f . 1.A tf oo t .* GRAVE 10 . A x i s 1 04 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 16m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 48m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s E x tended s up ine . U nbor n c h i ld i np e lv i s o fa du l t , h ead d ownwa rd s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B race le t . C oppe ra l loy . O nl ef tf o rea rm .* 2 . S hea r s . I r on , w i th f r agmen t s o fi r on w i re ? su spen s ion l o op . A t l owe rp e lv i s .*

GRAVE 14 . A x is 1 06 ° . G rave 1 .2 .29m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 53m . P r eh i s to r ic p o ts he rd o nb ackbone . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 2 . S pea rhead . B y l ef t f oo t , p o in t ing t o f oo t o fg rave .* 3 -4 . L y r e? Wood , i r on a nd c oppe r a l loy f r agmen t sa nd f i t t ing s . B y l ef tl e g .*

3 . K n if e . W i th s hea r s .* 4 . K ey s haf t s . I r on , f r agmen t s . B e tween t h igh s .* 5 . K ey . I r on . W i th s u spen s ion r i ng . B e tween k nee s .* 6 . S poon . I r on . B e tween k nee s .* 7 . S haf t s . I r on , k ey s? W i th i r on s u spen s ion r i ng . B e tween k nee s .* 8 . L oop . C oppe r a l loy . F a s tened b y r i ve t . B e tween k nee s .* 9 . C omb a nd c a se . B one , f r agmen t s . B e tween m idd le p a r to ff emu r s .*

GRAVE 15 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave I .2 . 06m .

O u t l ine o fg rave

d oub tf u l , a sg rave v e ry s ha l low . A du l to ra do le scen tf ema le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl ef th ip .*

1 0 . C o in p endan t . S i lve r s c ea t ta , PADA s e r ie s ,c l a s s P I IB . B e tween l owe rl e g s .* 1 . C o in p endan t . S i lve r s c ea t ta , PADA ( r un ic )s e r ies ,c l a s sP I I I . B e tween l owe rl e g s .* 1 2 . B ead s . x 13 . G la s s . B e tween l owe rl e g s .* 1 3 . R ing . S i lve r w i re s l ip -kno t . B e tween

GRAVE 16 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave v e ry s ha l low , o u t l ine u nc lea r . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . G i rd l e h ange r . C oppe r a l loy , w i th h ook

l owe rl e g s .* GRAVE 11 . A x i s 18° . G rave 1 .2 . 54m , w . 0 . 99m , d . 0 . 25m . Ma le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef th i p .* 2 . N a i l . S qua re sec t ioned , h ead le s s . R igh t k nee .*

a nd ' b a lu s t e r l ike o b jec t ' s u spended . T op l ef t f emu r .* GRAVE 17 . A x i s9 6 .5 ° . G rave I .1 . 42m , w . 0 . 3m ,d .0 . 3m . J uven i le , a ged 6 12 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . R igh th i p .*

GRAVE 12 . A x i s 1 08 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 0 1m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 46m . S t ep i nc or n e ro fg rave p i l lowed h ead . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . O n l ef ts i de . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 18 . A x i s 7 9 .5 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 02m , w . 0 . 51m , d . 0 . 28m . P robab le c h i ld . No b one s s u rv ived . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 13 . A x i s 17 .5° , G rave 1 .2 . 9m , w . 1 . 14m , d . 0 . 56m . P o ts he rd s i nf i l l . A du l to rs ub -adu l t f ema le . T race s o fs ku l l a nd

GRAVE 19 . A x i s 9 7 .5 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 68m , w . 0 . 56m , d .

f emu r so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a te . M id w a i s t .*

0 . 31m . C h i ld , a ged 0 -6 y ea r s . S ku l l a nd f emu r so n ly . G rave g ood s :

1 72

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes D -F . 1 .K n if e . A t l ef th ip .* GRAVE 1 26 . G rave d i s tu rbed b y mach ine 1 952 . s ub sequen t ly r e cove red .

GRAVE 1 20 . A x i s 1 09° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 56m , d . 0 . 48m . An ima l b one i nt op f i l l ; p o ss ib ly s h in o fb eef ? A du l t ma le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s .

A du l t . G rave g oods :

E x tended

1 . B rooch . P la ted d i sc b rooch . A ven t c orpu s n o . 1 63 , c l a ss 7 . S i lve r . R un ic i n sc r ip t ion o n

s up ine . G rave g oods : 1 . 2 .

b ack .*

K n if e . A tl ef tw a is t .* S hoe lace t ag . I r on . O n l ef ta nk le .*

GRAVE 1 27 . A x is 12° . G rave 1 .2 . 01 m , w . 0 . 61m , d .

GRAVE 1 21 . A x i s 9 9 .5° .

C on ten t s

G rave 1 .2 . 77m , w .

0 . 25m . P reh is to r ic p o t f r agmen t s i nf i l l . A du l to rj uven i le . E x tended s up ine .

I . 07m , d .

0 . 74m . Oak r ema in st ol ef to fh ead .

G rave g oods :

A du l t , a ged o ve r4 5 y ea r s . T ee th o n ly . G rave g oods : 1 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a is t .* 2 . S haf t . I r on . L oop a te ach e nd . w a is t .*

1 .

B ead s . x 8 . 2a me thy s t , 6g la s s . A t n eck ,

p l u s o ne n ea rm id -wa is t .* 2 . K n if e . L ef tw a is t .* 3 . I r on c omp lex . F ragmen t s , i n c lud ing s poon , r i ng , k ey s haf t s . O nt op o fl ef tf emu r .* 4 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy a nnu la r . O n t o p o f

A t l ef t

3 . C omb? B one o r a n t le r f r agmen t s b y r i gh t p e lv i s .

l ef tf emu r .*

GRAVE 1 22 . A x is 1 27' . G rave 1 .1 . 37m , w . 0 . 69m , d .0 . 2m .

GRAVE 1 28 . A x is 19 .5° .

P robab le c h i ld . No b one s s u rv ived .

0 . 25m . P o ts he rd s f r om l e f tt om id -wa is t .

G rave g ood s : 1 . K ey s? F ragmen t s o fi r on s haf t s . M idd le o f

A du l t ma le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pearhead . R igh to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . I n s ide l ef th umerus .*

g r ave .* GRAVE 1 23 . A x is 1 27 .5° .

G rave I .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 76m , d .

3 . G rave I .1 . 17m , w . 0 . 7 1m , d .

B uck le .

I r on , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a te .

A t

l e f tw a is t .*

0 . 28m . P robab le c h i ld . No b one s s u rv ived .

GRAVE 1 29 .

G rave g ood s :

A x is

1 .K n if e . M idd le o fg rave .*

u ncer ta in .

1 06° .

G rave

v e ry

s ha l low ,

A do lescen t o r y oung a du l t f ema le .

o u t l ine S up ine ,

GRAVE 1 24 .

l e g s f l exed l ef t .

A x is 1 06° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 61m . G rave a nd c on ten t sd i s tu rbed .

G rave g oods : 1 . P o tf ragmen t .

A du l t f ema le , d i s tu rbed .

E v ison t ype l a .2 . B yr i gh tf oo t .* 2 . B race le t . C oppe r a l loy . A t s hou lde r .* 3 . C o in . R oman . A tr i gh ts hou lde r .*

a ged

2 0 -30

y ea r s .

B ones

G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 2 , a me thy s t s . L ef to ff e e t .* 2 .

K n if e . A t l ef tw a is t .*

3 .

B ox f i t t ing s .

4 . T hong t ag . s hou lde r .*

I r on f i t t ing s t o w ooden b ox .

5 .

A tf e e t .* 4 .

C omb o r b ox?

R ec tangu la r p a tch

6 .

GRAVE 1 25 . A x i s 1 02° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 84m , d .

a l loy .

A t r i gh t

1s he l l , 1f o ss i l , 7g l a s s .

A t

B ead s . C oppe ra l loy . A tr i gh ts hou lde r .*

7 .

B ead . C oppe ra l loy . A tr i gh ts hou lde r .

8 .

S pa tu la .

C oppe r

a l loy .

A t

r i gh t

s hou lde r .* 9 . K n if e . F ragmen t s . U nde rf emu r .*

G rave r e c tangu la r , w i th p ro jec t ions a t

e ach c orne r . P o ts he rd s i nf i l l . A du l t ma le , a ged 4 5 y ea r s o r o ve r .

x 9 .

C oppe r

r i gh t

r i gh ts hou lde r .*

o f

a n t le r . A t f e e t .*

0 . 43m .

B ead s .

F rom w hee l th rown b o t t le .

1 0 . O b jec t s . I r on s haf t s /key s , b uck le , c oppe r a l loy g i rd le -hange r , b one r i ng . L ef tw a is t .*

E x tended

s up ine . GRAVE 1 30 .

G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

1 73

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes D -F . 7 . K ey c omp lex . I r on k ey s , s haf t s a nd r i ng s . F rom w a i s td own l ef ts i de o fb ody .*

A x i s 14 .5° . G rave 1 . 1 . 7m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 15m . A du l t ,a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . R igh tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 1 35 . A x i s 1 26 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 25m . G rave a nd s ke le ton d i s tu rbed ,p robab ly b ya n ima l s . C of f in? A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead A tr i gh ts hou lde r .* 2 . K n if e . L a rge . A tl ef t wa i s t .* 3 . K n if e . W i th 2 . * 4 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th t r iangu la r p l a te w i th c oppe ra loy r i ve t s . M id -wa i s t .* 5 . B o l t . I r on . C of in f i t t ing? B y r i gh t e l bow .* 6 . B o l t . I r on . C off in f i t t ing .? B y r i gh t f emu r .* 7 . F ragmen t . I r on , ' t i ny ' . B ys ku l l .

GRAVE 1 31 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave 1 .2 . 59m ,w . 0 . 91m ,d .0 . 2m . Y oung a du l tm a le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l .* 2 . S word P a t te rn -we lded . L ef t s i de o f b ody .* 3 . K n if e . U nde rl ef tf o rea rm .* 4 . B uck le . I r on ,m id -wa i s t .* 5 . R ive t s . x 2 , i r on d i sc -headed . s h ie ld? A tr i gh tw a i s t .* 6 . B uck l e . I r on . U nde r5 . * 7 . I r on o re . F ragmen t . B ys pea r .

F rom

GRAVE 1 32 . A x i s 8 7 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m ,w . 0 . 64m ,d .0 . 38m . Y oung a du l tf ema le . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 13 . 6a me thy s t , 7g l a s s . A t n eck .* 3 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 4 . K ey c omp lex . I r on s haf t s , k ey s , l o op s a nd r i ng . E x tend sf r om l ef tw a i s tt or i gh tk nee .*

GRAVE 1 36 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 54m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 28m . L ump o fi r on p y r i te s i nf i l l n ea r h ead . H uman? a nk le b one a bove g r ave , p o s s ib ly f r om ad i s tu rbed b u r ia l . A du l tm a le , o l d . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 2 . P in . I r on . U nde rs ku l l .* 3 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy p i ece . A bove g r ave . F rom d i s tu rbed b u r ia l?*

GRAVE 1 33 . A x i s 1 02° . G rave 1 .2 . 74m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 56m . A n ima lb one s b yf e e t ; s heep? A du l tf ema le ,m idd le -aged? E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 4 . 2s i lve r , 2g l a s s . A t h ead o f

GRAVE 1 37 . A x i s 1 04 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 39m , w . 0 . 99m , d . 0 . 23m . G rave r ough ly c u t , w i th c ha lk l ump s i n f i l l . P robab le j uven i le . No b ones r e cove red . G rave g ood s : 1 . Me ta l b ow l . C oppe r a l loy . A t h ead o f

g r ave .* 2 . B ead s . x 9 . 2a me thy s t , 7g l a s s . A tn eck .* 3 . F ragmen t . I r on , w i th t h ree c oppe r a loy

g r ave . B la ck w ood u nde rb ow l .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . M id -wa i s t .* 3 . S pea rhead Sma l l . R igh tc he s t?* 4 . S pea rf er ru le . A tf oo t .*

r i ve t s . F oo to fg rave .* 4 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* GRAVE 1 34 . A x i s 1 05 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 52m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 28m . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . F ragmen t o f f emu ro n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . Y e l low g o ld d i sc . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 9 . 2s he l l , 7g l a s s . A tn eck .* 3 . P endan t . S i lve r , w i th o va l g a rne t . n eck .* 4 . P endan t . S i lve r , w i th o va l g a rne t . n eck .* 5 . P in . S i lve r ,w i th g a rne t . A tn eck .* 6 . K n if e . M id -wa i s t .*

5 . 6 . 7 .

K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* K n if e . Sma l l f r agmen t s . A tl ef tw a i s t .* P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le .

E v i son t y pe l h .4 . A tf oo t .* GRAVE 1 38 . A x is 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 7m , w . 0 . 99m , d .0 . 56m . A n ima lb one s i nf i l l ; s heep? A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . A tl ef th i p .* 3 . N eed l e . C oppe ra l loy . A t l ef th i p .*

A t A t

1 74

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e s1 3 -F . 4 . P in . I r on . A tl ef th i p .* 5 . H ook s . x 2 , S shaped , c oppe r a loy . A t l e f th i p .* 6 . T ab . C oppe ra l loy . A tl e f th i p .* 7 . C o in . R oman . B ronz e . A tl e f th i p .* 8 . B and . C oppe r a l loy , f r agmen t s . A t l e f t h i p .* 9 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 1 0 . S haf t . I r on ,k n if et a ng? A tl e f th i p .* 1 . R od s . I r on , s ma l l , f r agmen ta ry , l o oped . A t l e f th i p .* 1 2 . K ey . I r on . O u t s ide l e f tf emu r .* 1 3 . K ey . I r on , f r agmen t s , w i th i r on r i ng . O u t s ide l ef tf emu r .*

A x i s 13° . G rave 1 .2 . 62m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 53m . A du l t f ema le , o l d . S up ine , l e g s s l igh t ly f l exed t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tr i gh tn eck .* 2 . K ey . I r on . B e tween f emu r s .* 3 . K n if e . B e tween f emu r s .* GRAVE 1 43 . A x i s 19 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 24m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 43m . J uven i le , a g ed a bou t 8y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ox . B eech w ood ,a nd i r on f i t t ing s . A tf o o t o fg r ave .*

GRAVE 1 39 . A x i s9 2 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 9 1m , w .0 . 84m , d .0 . 25m . O xb one sa tf o o t . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . R igh tw a i s t .* 2 . I r on d iamond . R u s t ed t o1 . * 3 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 4 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whe e l th rown b i con ica l b ow l . E v i son t y pe 3 c .10 . A th ead .* 5 . S pea r o r a r row h ead ? I r on , s ma l l , p o s s ib ly t oy . A th ead .* 6 . H o r se shoe . T h in , i r on , f r agmen ta ry . I n g r av ef i l la tf o o t . P o s s ib ly i n t ru s ion .*

GRAVE 1 44 . A x i s 1 22 .5° . G rave I .2 . 69m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 48m . A g ea nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . E x t end ed s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . S ha rpene r? I r on . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 5 . T hong t e rm ina l . C oppe ra loy , c on ica l . A t l e f tw a i s t .* 6 . S hoe lace t ag . I r on . B yr i gh tf o o t .* 7 . C omb? A n t le rf r agmen t s . L ef to fs k u l l .

GRAVE 1 40 . A x i s 9 9 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 6m , w . 0 . 56m , d .0 . 38m . L a rg ef l in t s i nf i l lr ound e dg e . J uv en i le ,a ged 9 12 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . I r on . L ef tn eck .*

GRAVE 1 45 . A x i s 1 06° . G rave 1 .2 . 2 1m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 43m . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S up ine , r i gh t k nee s l igh t ly f l exed . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ong . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . B uck le? I r on , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a te . R igh tw a i s t .* 3 . A d ze . I r on . A t e dge o fg r ave i nw a l l t o r i gh to fh ead .*

GRAVE 1 4 1 . A x i s 1 07 .5° . G rave I .2 . 77m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 53m . F ema le . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B race le t . C oppe ra loy . O nl e f tf o r ea rm?* 2 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 3 . C o in . R oman , s i lve r ed b r onz e . P e r f o ra ted . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 4 . W i re a nd p in . S shaped c oppe ra loy w i r e , i r on p i n . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 5 . P endan t . S he l l . P e rf o ra t ed . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 6 . B ead s . 2g l a s s . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 7 . H ook s . 2c oppe r a loy S -hook s , o ne w i th i r on p i nr u s t ed t oi t . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 8 . P in s . I r on ,f r agmen t s . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 9 . B ox? R ec tangu la r a r ea o f b l a ck o ak o r a n t le r f r agmen t s . B e tween s ku l l a nd h ead o f g r av e .*

GRAVE 1 46 . A x i s 8 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m ,w . 0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 31m . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . O nr i gh ts i de . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . R igh th i p .* 2 . K n if e . L ef th i p .* GRAVE 1 47 . A x i s 8 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 67m ,w .0 . 94m ,d .0 . 56m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tn eck .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 3 . P in . I r on . A tl e f th i p .*

GRAVE 1 42 .

1 7 5

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . 4 . 5 .

P ebb l e . D i sc shaped . A tl e f th i p .* S haf t . I r on . A tf oo t .*

A x i s6 3° . G rave 1 .1 . 24m ,w . 0 . 58m ,d .0 . 2m . P robab le c h i ld . No b one ss u rv iv ed . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 48 . A x i s 1 07 .5 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 94m , d . 0 . 33m . Ma le . S up ine ,k nee sf l exed s l igh t ly l e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . S ha rpen ing s t ee l . I r on . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on . W i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e . A t l e f tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 1 5 5 . A x i s9 8 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 67m , w . 1 . 07m , d .0 . 38m . C of in? B one f r agmen t sn ea rr i gh tf oo ta r ea . G rave g ood s : I . P in . S i lve r , w i th g a rne t se t h ead . A t n eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 5 -6 g l a s s . A tn eck .* 3 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 4 . K ey s . I r on s haf t s , s u spen s ion r i ng s , c oppe ra loy l o op . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 5 . B a r . I r on . A t h ead r i gh t c o rne r . C off in f i t t ing?* 6 . B a r . I r on . A tf o o t . C off in f i t t ing ?*

GRAVE 1 49 . A x i s 1 26 .5° . G rave I .2 . 54m , w . 0 . 7 1m , d . 0 . 4 1m . L a rg e f l in t s p a cked a r ound s k e le ton . L a rg ef l i n t sa nd c ha lk l ump s i nf i l l . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 6 0 y ea r s? E x t ended s up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p .* 2 . B uck l e . I r on . W i th t r iangu la r p l a te . A t l e f th i p .* 3 . S p ike? I r on . A r row o r a w l? U nde r l e f t f o r ea rm .* 4 . B uck l e . Sma l l , i r on . U nde rl e f tp e lv i s .*

GRAVE 1 56 . A x i s 1 26 .5' . G rave I .2 . 82m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 28m . P r eh i s to r ic p o ts h e rd ,r i gh to fc he s t . A du l t m a le , o l d . E x tended s up in e . S ku l l f r agmen t s ,p l u s l ow e rh a lf o fb ody . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead A tl e f th i p .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 4 . S haf t . I r on . A r row o ra w l . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 5 . S hoe lace t ag s? x 2 , c oppe r a loy . A t a nk le s .* 6 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . E v i son t y pe 1 j . l . A tf o o t .*

GRAVE 1 50 . A x i s 14 .5° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 56m . Ma le . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 2 . K n if e . W i th i r on r i ng . L ef tw a i s t .* 3 . F i t t ing s . C oppe r a loy f i t t ing s o fw ooden b ow l? A tf e e t .* 4 . T ag e nd C oppe ra loy . A tf e e t .* 5 . A n t l e rf ragmen t s . R igh ts i de o fs ku l l ,r i gh t w a i s t ,o ve rl ow e rl e g s .*

GRAVE 1 5 7 . A x i s 1 2 5 ° . G rave I .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 25m . Y oung a du l tf ema le . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 7 . 1s h e l l , 6g l a s s . P l u s f r agmen t so f 1g l a s sa nd 2s he l l . A tn eck .* 2 . R ing s . x 3 s i lve rs l ip -kno t . A tn eck .* 3 . P in . I r on . A tn eck .* 4 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .* 5 . K ey . F ragmen t o f i r on s h af t . A t l e f t w a i s t .* 6 . K ey c omp l ex . I r on k ey s , c opp e r a loy c ha in , b one b ox l i d . A long a nd u nde r l e f t f emu r .* 7 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . U nde rl e f tf emu r .* 8 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . E v i son t y pe l f .2 . B yl e f tf oo t .*

GRAVE 1 5 1 . A x i s 1 04 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 46m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 46m . P o t s h e rd s ( one Med ieva l ) i n f i l l . D i s tu rbed? A du l to rs ub -adu l t . Two f emu r so n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 52 . A x i s 17 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 98m , w . 1 . 17m , d . 0 . 33m . G rave r i f led b yc h i ld r en . S a id t oc on ta in o n ly b one s . GRAVE 1 53 . A x i s7 0 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 29m ,w . 0 . 8 1m , d .0 . 18m . G rave r i f led b yc h i ld ren . Af ew t e e th o n ly .

GRAVE 1 5 8 . A x i s 1 2 3 .5' . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 0 . 99m , d . 0 . 56m . A g ea nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . E x t end ed s up ine . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 1 54 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . W i th t r iangu la r p l a t e . M id -wa i s t .* 2 . K n if e . S egmen ted b on e h and le . A t l e f t w a i s t .* 3 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . A tl e f tw a i s t .*

4 . W he t s tone . S qua r e sec t ioned , c o lou r ed b a r . L ef tl e gp o s i t ion .* 5 . W he t s tone . H aunch s haped , c o lou r ed . L ef tf oo tp o s i t ion .* 6 . S p ike . I r on . N a i l , a r row o r a w l . f o o tp o s i t ion .* 7 . R ing I r on , f r agmen t . N ea r4 . *

GRAVE 1 59 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 9 1m , w . 0 . 64m , d . 0 . 23m . C h i ld . E x tended s up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 2 . B uck le . I r on . M id -wa i s t .* 3 . K ey? F ragmen ta ry i r on s haf t . R igh t w a i s t .*

c r eam c r eam A t l e f t

GRAVE 1 6 3 . A x i s 8° . G rave 1 .1 . 68m ,w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 4 1m . L edge a r ound e dge o fg r ave f l oo r . C off in? P robab le j uven i le . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . P la te . I r on . C off in f i t t ing ? P l u s i r on s haf t . R igh to fh ead .* 2 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 1 60 . A x i s 1 05° . G rave 1 .2 . 87m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 43m . L a rge f l in t s a nd c ha lk l ump s r ound e dg eo fg rave . A du l t f ema le , a ged o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . S i lv e r . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 6g l a s s . A tn e ck .* 3 . P endan t . S i lve r , i n la id w i th g a r ne t . A t n e ck .* 4 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .* 5 . I r on o b jec t s . K ey s , r i ng s , b uck le . A long s ide l e f tf emu r .* 6 . S hoe lace t ag? I r on . O nr i gh tf o o t .* 7 . R ing . I v o ry . B yl ef tk nee .* 8 . G la s s v e s se l . P a lm c up . L igh tb l ue -g reen g l a s s . A tf oo t .*

GRAVE 1 64 . A x i s 8 9 .5° . G rave I .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 38m . A du l to rs ub -adu l t . L eg so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing I r on . A tl e f th i p .* 2 . R ing . Y e l low m e ta l . A tl e f th i p .* 3 . L oop . C oppe ra l loy . A tl ef th i p .* 4 . K ey . I r on . A tl e f th i p .* GRAVE 1 65 . A x i s 9 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 48m . G rave d i s t u rbed b y b u r row ing a n ima l s . A n ima lt e e th n ea rp e lv i s . A du l tm a le . E x tended s up ine . N og r av eg ood s .

I I . E xcava ted 1 994 , a head o f c on s truc t ion o f h ou s ing e s ta te . C an terbury A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t .

GRAVE 1 6 1 . A x i s 1 05° . G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 38m . G rave c ove red b y l a rg e f l in t s . A n ima l b one ( f o r ehock o f m u t ton? ) a bov e s ku l l p o s i t ion . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P in . S i lve r , i n la id w i th g a rne t s . M id -che s t p o s i t ion .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . P in . C oppe r a l loy a nd i r on . D eco ra t ed h o rned h e lme tf o rm ing h ead . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 4 . K ey s . I r on . A tr i gh tw a i s t .* 5 . B ead 1g la s s . B yl e f tf emu rp o s i t ion .*

GRAVE 2 0 1 . A x i s 1 46 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 76m , w . 1 . 17m , d . 0 . 32m . A du l tm a le , a g ed 2 5 -30 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 02 . A x i s 1 44 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 05m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 2 1m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 03 . A x i s 1 35° . G ravel . 1 . 93m ,w . 0 . 75m ,d .0 . 2m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 1 62 . A x i s9 5° . G rave 1 .1 . 63m ,w .0 . 7 1m ,d .0 . 33m . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . N a i l . I r on . A th ead o fg r ave .* 2 . K n if e . M id -wa i s tp o s i t ion .* 3 . K n if e . M id -wa i s tp o s i t ion .*

GRAVE 2 04 . A x i s 1 58 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 58m , w . 0 . 92m , d . 0 . 43m .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 2 .

A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 2 -27 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . Ambe r . 2 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . 3 . C o in . R oman . 4 . S p ind le -whor l . S ha le . 5 . P ebb le . 6 . F o ss i l . 7 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 8 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy ,s hoe shaped . 9 . S t rap -end s . C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . R ing . S i lve r ,f i nge rr i ng . 1 . R ing . S i lve r ,f i nge rr i ng . 1 2 . C ha te la ine . 1 3 . P in . I r on . 1 4 . C o in . R oman . 1 5 . B ead s . G la s s . 1 6 . B rac tea te . G o ld . 1 7 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

O b jec t . I r on .

GRAVE 2 09 . A x i s 1 5 1' . G rave 1 .2 .49m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 35m . A du l tm a le , a ged c .4 0y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 2 10 . A x i s 1 47 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 02m , w . 0 . 55m ,d .0 . 1m . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 11 . A x i s 1 38 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 43m , w . 0 . 92m , d . 0 . 25m . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N o g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 05 . A x i s 1 50° . G rave 1 .2 . 32m , w . 0 . 75m , d . 0 . 14m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 3 -28 y ea r s .

GRAVE 2 12 . A x i s 1 40 ° . G rave I .2 . 28m , w . 0 . 97m , d . 0 . 22m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le .

G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . C o in . R oman . 4 . T oo th? 5 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy m e l t?

No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 13 . A x i s 1 38 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 95m , w . 0 . 7m ,d .0 . 1m . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 06 . A x i s 1 49' . G rave 1 .1 . 91m ,w . 1 . 1m , d .0 . 48m . J uven i le , a ged 1 3 -15 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 14 . A x i s 1 38 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 6m ,w . 0 . 8m ,d .0 . 22m . J uven i le? G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S tap l e? I r on .

GRAVE 2 07 . A x i s 1 50' . G rave 1 .2 . 2m , w . 0 . 75m ,d .0 . 2m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . S p ind le -whor l . L ead . 5 . B uck le . I r on . 6 . R ing . I r on . 7 . R ing? O rb uck le l o op , i r on . 8 . A rm le t . C oppe ra l loy . 9 . B ead s . Ambe r . 1 0 . B ead? F o s s i l . 1 . B ead s . Ambe r .

GRAVE 2 15 . A x i s 1 40 ' . G rave 1 .2 . 4m , w . 1 . 07m , d .0 . 22m . P o s s ib le c of f in , i r on n a i l s i nf i l l . A du l t ma le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l ep la te . I r on . 2 . N a i l . I r on . 3 . S haf t . I r on . GRAVE 2 16 . A x i s 1 50° . G rave 1 .1 . 7m ,w . 0 . 8m ,d .0 . 23m . A du l t , s ex n o td e term ined . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 17 . A x is 1 42 ° . G rave I .2 . 35m , w . 0 . 5m , d .0 . 2m . P o s s ib le c off in , i r on f r agmen t s i nf i l l . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 08 . A x i s 1 63° . G rave 1 .2 .04m ,w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 2m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . O b jec t . I r on .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .

K n if e . B ead s . G la s s . B ead s . Ambe r . B ead R ock c r y s ta l . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . S haf t . I r on .

6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 .

S t rap -end . C oppe ra loy . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . R ing C oppe ra l loy . G i rd l e -hang e r . I r on . R ing . I r on .

GRAVE 2 23 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 58m , w . 1 . 05m , d . 0 . 22m . A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B ead s . Ambe r . 4 . B rooch . S i lve r ,o pen -wo rk . 5 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 6 . P in? I r on . 7 . P in . I r on .

GRAVE 2 18 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 4m , w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 35m . P o s s ib le c off in , i r on f r agmen t s i nf i l l . J uven i le? G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . R ing s . I r on . 4 . I r on l o zeng e s . 5 . F i re s tee l? I r on . 6 . O b jec t . I r on . 7 . P in? I r on . 8 . C o in s . R oman .

GRAVE 2 24 . A x i s 1 32 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 15m ,w . 0 . 74m ,d .0 . 2m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 2 24 .1 : A du l t , s e xn o td e t e rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 24 .2 : A du l t , s e xn o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 19 . A x i s 1 42 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 45m , w . 0 . 83m , d . 0 . 29m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . F ragmen t . I r on . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B ead s . Ambe r . 4 . A rm le t . C oppe ra loy . S . B rooch . B u t ton . 6 . P o ts herd s .

GRAVE 2 25 . A x i s 1 32 ° , G ravel . 1 . 1m ,w . 0 . 3m ,d .0 . 03m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 20 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 96m , w . 1 . 02m , d . 0 . 26m . A du l t ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . S haf t . I r on .

GRAVE 2 26 . A x i s 1 22° , G rave 1 .1 . 97m , w . 0 . 85m , d . 0 . 16m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 27 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 1 . 04m , d . 0 . 36m . A du l tm a le ,a g ed o ve r5 0y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 2 1 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave I .2 . 65m ,w . 1 . 2m ,d .0 . 36m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton . 2 . B ead F o s s i l .

GRAVE 2 28 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 2m ,w . 1 . 1m ,d .0 . 28m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 2 28 .1 : J uven i le a ged 1 5 17 y ea r s , p r obab ly f ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 3 . F i t t ing s . F o rw ooden v e s se l . 4 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . 2 28 .2 : J uven i le /young a du l t ,a ged 1 7 -20 y ea r s , p r obab ly m a le . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 22 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave I .2 . 75m ,w . 1 . 2m ,d .0 . 45m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B ead s . Ambe r . 4 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . 5 . P in . C oppe ra l loy .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . 2 .

GRAVE 2 37 . A x is 1 40 ° . G rave I .2 .26m , w . 0 . 98m , d . 0 . 38m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . Annu la r . 2 . B rooch . Annu la r . 3 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra l loy .

K n if e . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 29 . A x i s 1 50' . G rave 1 .1 . 4m ,w . 0 . 38m , d .0 . 22m . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 30 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2 .65m ,w . 1 . 04m ,d .0 . 4m . A du l t ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 3 . 4 .

GRAVE 2 38 . A x i s 1 27 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 87m , w . 0 . 99m , d . 0 . 22m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 2 38 .1 : A du l tf ema le . No g rave g ood s . 2 38 .2 : A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . P o t te ry v e s sel 3 . G la s sp iece . R oman w indow g l a s s .

S pea rhead S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 31 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 .2 . 45m ,w . 0 . 83m ,d .0 . 4m . A du l t ma le , a ged 4 0 -55 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on . Q uo i t B rooch S t y le , w i th c oun te r -p la te w i th s i lve rp l a te s .

GRAVE 2 39 . A x i s 1 37 ° . G rave I .2 .26m , w . 1 . 25m , d . 0 . 32m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . 2 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy b ow b rooch . 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy b ow b rooch .

GRAVE 2 32 . A x i s 1 33° . G rave 1 . 1 . 15m , w . 0 . 67m , d . 0 . 27m . A ge a nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld c o in . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . O b jec t . I r on .

4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 .

GRAVE 2 33 . A x i s 1 33° . G rave 1 .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 4m , d .0 . 26m . A ge a nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead

B rooch . C oppe ra l loy , a nnu la r . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy , a nnu la r . P in . C oppe ra l loy . B ead G la s s . B ead s . Ambe r .

GRAVE 2 40 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 88m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 17m . J uven i le , a ged 1 4 16 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . P in . I r on .

GRAVE 2 34 . A x i s 1 32 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 67m , w . 0 . 62m , d . 0 . 06m . J uven i le , a ged 1 3 -15 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l .

GRAVE 2 41 . A x i s 1 43° . G rave 1 . 1 . 39m , w . 0 . 73m , d . 0 . 26m . P robab le c h i ld . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 35 . A x i s 1 37° . G rave 1 .1 . 88m ,w . 0 . 8m ,d .0 . 2m . J uven i le? N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 42 . A x i s 1 50 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 26m , w . 0 . 68m , d . 0 . 19m . P robab le c h i ld . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 36 . A x i s 17° . G rave 1 . 1 . 93m , w . 0 . 67m , d . 0 . 33m . C h i ld ,a ged 4 -5 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 43 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s 1 48° . G rave I . 1 . 17m , w . 0 . 54m , d . 0 . 28m . P robab le c h i ld . N og r ave g ood s .

T r ip le i n huma t ion . 2 49 .1 : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a g ed 3 5 -45 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s . 2 49 .2 : A du l t ,p robab ly m a le . N og r ave g ood s . 2 49 .3 : A du l tm a le ,a g ed 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S wo rd 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . S pea rhead 5 . F i t t ing s . F rom w ooden v e s se l .

GRAVE 2 44 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 . 1 . 52m , w . 0 . 53m , d . 0 . 17m . P robab le c h i ld . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 45 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 94m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 16m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B ead ? Ame thy s t . 4 . B ead s . Ambe r . 5 . B ead C oppe ra l loy . 6 . B rooch . S i lve rg a rne tr o se t te . 7 . P endan t . S i lve rs c u t if o rm . 8 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . 9 . S p ind l e -whor l . C ha lk . 1 0 . B uck le . I r on . 1 . R i ve t . C oppe ra l loy ,s h oe shaped . 1 2 . F ragmen t s . S i lve rs h e e t . 1 3 . K ey /g i rd l e -hang e r . I r on . 1 4 . I r on l o zeng e . P i e r ced . 1 5 . S tud s . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 50 . G rave 1 .2 . 84m ,w . 1 . 13m ,d .0 . 69m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , h ead t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I n s ide l e f te l bow . 2 . B rac tea te . G o ld . M id -che s t . 3 . R ing . I v o ry b ag r i ng . L ef th i p . 4 . B ead s . G la s s . U ppe rc he s ta nd n eck . 5 . B ead s . Ambe r . U ppe rc he s ta nd n eck . 6 . R ing . C oppe ra loy f i nge rr i ng . 7 . P endan t . S i lve rs c u t if o rm . 8 . P in . I r on . 9 . W ea v ing b a t t en . I r on . L ef t f o o t , b l ade p o in t ing u pwa rd s . 1 0 . G la s sv e s se l . B ow l . A tf e e t . 1 . G la s sv e s se l . B e l lb eake r . A tf e e t . 1 2 . G la s sv e s se l . B e l lb eake r . A tf e e t . 1 3 . G a rne t s . x 7 , f l a t -cu t . 1 4 . D i sc . C oppe ra loy . 1 5 . I r on l o zeng e . P i e r ced . 1 6 . R ing . C oppe ra loy . 1 7 . Moun t . C oppe ra loy . 1 8 . D i sc . B one . 1 9 . C ha te la ine . I r on .

GRAVE 2 46 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave 1 .2 . 22m , w . 0 . 8 1m , d . 0 . 09m . P o s s ib le c off in , i r on n a i l s i nf i l l . A du l t ma le ,a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .F i sh v e r t eb ra . GRAVE 2 47 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave 1 .2 . 4m , w . l m , d .0 . 24m . P o s s ib le c off in , i r on n a i l si nf i l l . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 3 -28 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . S i lve rd i sc . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B ead s . Ambe r .

GRAVE 2 51 . A x i s 1 32° . G rave 1 .2 . 46m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 27m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed 4 0 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . B uck l e . I r on . 4 . P o t t er yv e s se l .

GRAVE 2 48 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 08m , w . 0 . 87m , d . 0 . 26m . A du l tm a le ,a ged o ve r6 0y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 52 . A x i s 1 2 1° . G rave I .2 . 38m , w . 0 . 97m , d . 0 . 27m . P o s s ib le c off in , i r on n a i li nf i l l . A du l tm a le ,a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . B one .

GRAVE 2 49 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 2 1m , w . 0 . 87m , d . 0 . 34m .

GRAVE 2 53 .

1 8 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 01m , w . 0 . 92m , d . 0 . 14m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng .

GRAVE 2 58 . A x i s 1 44 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 1m ,w . 0 .93m ,d .0 . 18m . A du l t , p robab ly ma le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 59 . A x is 1 28 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 68m , w . 1 . 07m ,d .0 . 3m . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 3 -28 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 3 . S pea rhead

GRAVE 2 54 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 39m , w . 0 . 63m , d . 0 . 15m . C h i ld ,a ged 4 -5 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s sv e s se l . C one b eak e r . 2 . B rooch . B u t ton . 3 . B ead s . G la s s . 4 . B rooch . Sma l l long . 5 . B rooch . Sma l l long . 6 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 7 . P in . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 60 . A x i s 1 40 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 86m , w . 1 . 05m , d .0 . 2m . P o s s ib le c of in , i r on n a i l s i nf i l l . A du l t , p robab ly ma le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P in . I r on . 3 . P in . I r on .

GRAVE 2 55 . A x i s 1 26° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w . 0 . 98m , d . 0 . 19m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S t rap -end C oppe ra l loy . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . 5 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . B rooch . B u t ton . 7 . B rooch . S -b rooch . 8 . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . 9 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy ,s hoe shaped . 1 . Moun t . C oppe ra l loy . 1 2 . C a se . C omb c a se , a n t le r . 1 3 . Moun t . C oppe ra l loy . 1 4 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 1 5 . R ing . I vo ry b ag r i ng . 1 6 . G i rd le -hange r . I r on . 1 7 . K n if e?

GRAVE 2 61 . A x i s 1 26 ° . G rave I . 1 . 89m , w . 0 . 83m , d . 0 . 19m . P o s s ib le c off in , i r on n a i l s i nf i l l . J uven i le , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 1 5 17 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I r on . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . GRAVE 2 62 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 43m , w . 1 . 13m ,d .0 . 3m . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . T wee ze r s . I r on . 3 . S pea rhead . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 2 63 . A x i s 19 ° . G rave I .2 . 27m , w . 1 . 21m , d . 0 . 4 1m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 2 63 .1 : A du l t ,p robab ly m a le .

GRAVE 2 56 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave 1 .2 . 38m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 25m . P o s s ib le c o f f in , i r on n a i l s i nf i l l . A du l t ma le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . O b jec t . I r on . 2 . S pea rhead

G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 63 .2 : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . R ad ia te h eaded . 2 . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . 3 . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . 4 . B ead s . G la s s .

GRAVE 2 57 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 94m ,w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 2m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B ow b rooch . 2 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . B ead s . G la s s . 4 . B ead Me ta l .

GRAVE 2 64 . A x i s 18 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 57m , w . 1 . 12m , d . 0 . 51m .

1 82

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A du l tm a le ,a g ed 4 0 -45 y ea r s . G r ave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . S wo rd . 4 . R ing c l ip . I r on . 5 . S h ie ldf i t t ing s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 68 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave I .0 . 9 1m , w . 0 . 55m , d . 0 . 06m . J uven i le? N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 69 . A x i s 1 42 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 9m ,w .0 . 52m ,d .0 . 06m . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined ,a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 65 . A x i s 15° . G rave 1 .2 . 55m , w . 0 . 92m , d . 0 . 31m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 2 65 . 1 : A du l t ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . 2 65 .2 : A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G r ave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . S word . 4 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . I r on . 5 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . 7 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . 8 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy . 9 . C o in s . R oman . 1 0 . B e l tm oun t . C oppe ra loy . 1 . R ive th ead C oppe ra loy . 1 2 . W e igh t . L ead . 1 3 . S t r ip . C oppe ra l loy . 1 4 . B a lance . C oppe ra loy . 1 5 . S haf t . I r on . 1 6 . Aw l . I r on . 1 7 . O b jec t . L ead o rs i lve r . 1 8 . F ragmen t . L ead . 1 9 . S haf t . I r on .

GRAVE 2 70 . A x i s 19 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 05m , w . 0 . 85m , d . 0 . 23m . A du l tf ema le . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 71 . A x i s 1 44 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 2m ,w . 0 . 8m ,d .0 . 42m . A du l tf ema le ,a g ed 2 3 -28 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . R ing . S i lve rf i ng e rr i ng . 3 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped . GRAVE 2 72 . A x i s 1 36 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 78m ,w .0 . 7m ,d .0 . 15m . C h i ld ,a ged 8 9y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 2 73 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2 . 51m , w . 0 . 62m , d . 0 . 15m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton d e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 66 . A x i s 18° . G rave 1 .2 . 28m , w . 0 . 74m , d . 0 . 45m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G r ave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P in . I r on . 3 . G la s sf ragmen t s . R oman . 4 . Ma rb le f ragmen t . R oman . 5 . S tap le? I r on . 6 . B uck le . I r on . 7 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 8 . B rooch . R ad ia te h eaded . 9 . B rooch . R ad ia te h ead ed .

GRAVE 2 74 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 7m ,w . 0 . 57m ,d .0 . 11m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton d e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 75 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 25m , w . 0 . 44m , d . 0 . 19m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton d e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 76 . A x i s 1 38 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 1m ,w . 0 . 52m ,d .0 . 14m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton d e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 67 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2 . 07m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 12m . J u v en i le , a g ed 1 5 18 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 77 . A x i s 1 46 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 06m , w . 0 . 49m , d . 0 . 16m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton d e te rm ined .

1 8 3

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 85 . A x is 1 43° . G rave 1 .2 . 38m , w . 1 m ,d .0 . 2m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 78 . A x i s 1 45° . G rave 1 . 1 . 39m , w . 0 . 81m , d . 0 . 27m . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton d e te rm ined G rave g ood s : 1 . F ragmen t s . I r on . 2 . Moun t . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 86 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 1m , w . 1 . 03m ,d .0 . 47m . A du l tf ema le , a ged o ve r4 5 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . F i t t ing s . F rom w ooden v e s se l .

GRAVE 2 79 . A x i s 1 36 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 27m , w . 0 . 98m , d . 0 . 35m . A du l tm a le ,a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 87 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave I . 1 . 65m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 63m . C h i ld , a g ed 3 -4 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on .

GRAVE 2 80 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave I .2 . 35m ,w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 3m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 88 . A x i s 15° . G rave 1 .2 . 42m , w . 0 . 8m ,d .0 . 65m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . I r on f i nge rr i ng .

GRAVE 2 81 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m ,w . 0 . 96m , d .0 . 32m . P o s s ib le c of in , i r on n a i l i nf i l l . A du l t ,p robab ly ma le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B rooch . F rank ish d i sc . 3 . B ead s . Ambe r . 4 . P in . I r on . 5 . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . 6 . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . 7 . Moun t s . C oppe ra l loy . 8 . 9 . 1 0 . 1 . 1 2 . 1 3 .

GRAVE 2 89 . A x i s 1 2 1° . G rave 1 .2 . 52m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 44m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 1 7 -20 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . C ha t e la ine? I r on . 3 . F i re s tee l? I r on . 4 . S he l l . L impe t . 5 . R ing . I r on . 6 . B ind ing . C oppe ra l loy s hee t . 7 . P la t e . I r on . 8 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy .

B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . R ing s . I r on . Hand le . C oppe ra l loy b ru sh h and le . P in . I r on . A rm l e t . C oppe ra l loy . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 82 . A x i s 1 26° . G rave 1 .2 . 42m ,w . 0 . 89m , d .0 . 4m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 2 82 .1 : A du l t, p robab ly m a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 82 .2 : A du l t ma le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 90 . A x i s 1 02 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 57m , w . i m ,d .0 . 75m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 1 9 -22 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I r on . 2 . B rooch . B u t ton . 3 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy f i nge rr i ng . 4 . S poon . S i lve r . 5 . B ead . R ock c ry s ta l . 6 . B ead s . Ambe r .

GRAVE 2 83 . A x i s 1 54 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 4m ,w . 0 . 6m , d .0 . 15m . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton d e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 9 1 . A x i s 1 1° . G rave I .2 .77m , w . 1 . 25m , d . 0 . 65m . A du l tm a le , a ged o ve r5 0y ea r s .

GRAVE 2 84 . A x i s 1 32 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 22m ,w . 1 . 1m ,d .0 . 44m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le ,a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . N o gave g ood s .

N og rav eg ood s .

1 84

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . GRAVE 2 92 . A x i s 1 22° . G rave I .2 . 53m , w . 1 . 13m , d . 0 . 58m . A du l tm a le ,a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra l loy .

6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 .

Moun t . C oppe ra loy . R ing . C oppe ra loy . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . I r on . Moun t . C oppe ra loy . F i t t ing s . F rom l e a the rp ouch .

GRAVE 2 98 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 41m , w . 1 . 15m , d . 0 . 21m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . R ing . S i lve rf i ng e rr i ng .

GRAVE 2 93 . A x i s 1 28° . G ravel . 1 . 6m ,w .0 . 6m ,d .0 . 45m . C h i ld ,a ged 2 3y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead s . G la s s . 2 . I r on l o zeng e . P i e rced . GRAVE 2 94 . A x i s 1 20° . G rave 1 .l m ,w .0 . 55m ,d .0 . 22m . A g ea nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rav eg ood s : 1 . I r on l o zeng e . P i e r ced . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B ead Ambe r . 4 . B rooch . C ro s sbow .

GRAVE 2 99 . A x i s 1 40 ° . G ravel . 2 . 3m ,w . 0 . 89m ,d .0 . 11m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . B uck l e . I r on . GRAVE 3 00 . A x i s 1 33° . G rave 1 .2 . 35m , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 11m . Two r ow s o fc l ench b o l t s u nde r b ody , p o s s ib ly f r om b oa tp l ank ing? A du l tm a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S hea r s . I r on . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on . 3 . S pea rhead

GRAVE 2 95 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 17m ,w . 1 . 1m , d .0 . 35m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le ,a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P o t t ery v e s se l . GRAVE 2 96 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m ,w .0 . 8m ,d .0 . 2m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . Ambe r . 3 . B ead s . G la s s . 4 . B ead B one . 5 . B ead s . F o s s i l . 6 . B rooch . G a rne tq ua t ref o i l . 7 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 8 . R ive t s . C oppe ra loy b e l tr i ve t s . 9 . B rooch . R ad ia te h eaded . 1 0 . B rooch . R ad ia te h eaded . 1 . F ragmen t s . I r on . 1 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 1 3 . S t ud I r on .

GRAVE 3 0 1 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2 . 57m , w . 0 . 93m , d . 0 . 27m . A du l tm a le , a g ed 1 9 -21 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead W i th i n la id r un ic s ymbo l . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . GRAVE 3 02 . A x i s 1 37 ° . G ravel .2 . 35m ,w . i m , d .0 . 65m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le ,a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . A r rowhead 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . GRAVE 3 03 . A x i s 12 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 8m ,w . 1 m ,d .0 . 63m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 3 03 .1 : C h i ld , a ged 3y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead G la s s . 3 . R ing . C oppe ra loy . 3 03 .2 : A du l tm a le ,a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 97 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 44m . A du l tm a le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . C one b eak e r . 3 . S pea rhead 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy b e l tr i ve t s .

1 85

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 04 . A x i s 16 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 19m , w . 1 . 03m , d . 0 . 69m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 13 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave I .2 . 19m , w . 0 . 87m , d . 0 . 47m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 4 0y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 05 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 18m , w . 0 . 87m , d . 0 . 74m . J uven i le ,a ged 8 11 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

0 . 88m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged o ve r5 0y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . G la s s . 2 . T o i le ts e t . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 14 . A x i s 18° . G rave I .2 .05m , w . 0 . 89m , d . 0 . 23m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 3 14 .1 : A du l tf ema le , a ged 4 0y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on . 3 . F ragmen t s . I r on r od . 4 . K ey /g i rd le -hanger . I r on . 3 14 .2 : C h i ld , a ged 7 -9 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 07 . A x i s 1 56 ° . G ravel . 1 . 68m ,w . l m , d .0 . 68m . C h i ld ,a ged 3 5y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t tery v e s se l .

GRAVE 3 15 . A x i s 1 47° . G rave 1 . 1 . 72m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 09m . C h i ld , a ged 6 12 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 08 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 12m , w . 0 . 94m , d . 0 . 65m . A du l tf ema le , a ged o ve r5 0y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . B ead s . G la s s . 4 . P in . I r on . 5 . P o t ter yv e s se l . 6 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy a nnu la r .

GRAVE 3 16 . A x i s 1 37° . G rave I .2 .25m , w . 1 . 06m , d . 0 . 45m . A du l t f ema le , a ged o ve r6 5 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 09 . A x i s 1 24° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m ,w . 0 . 88m ,d .0 . 8m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s .

GRAVE 3 18 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave 1 .2 .05m , w . 0 . 77m , d . 0 . 09m . N od e ta i ls o fs ke le ton d e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K ey /g i rd le -hange r . I r on .

GRAVE 3 06 . A x i s 1 26° . G rave I .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 96m , d .

GRAVE 3 17 . A x i s 1 20° . G rave I .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 87m , d . 0 . 18m . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined , a ged o ve r5 0y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 10 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave 1 . 1 . 96m , w . 0 . 93m , d . 0 . 48m . J uven i le ,a ged 1 4 -16 y ea r s .

3 . 4 .

P in . I r on . O b jec t . I r on .

N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 19 . . 0 . 85m , d . A x i s 1 3 1° . G rave 1 .2 .21m , w

GRAVE 3 11 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave I .2m ,w . 0 . 73m , d .0 . 34m . A du l tm a le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on .

0 . 25m . A du l t ,p robab ly ma le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . R i ve t . C oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped . 3 . R i ve t . C oppe ra l loy d ome shaped .

GRAVE 3 12 . A x i s 1 22 ° . G rave I .2 . 17m ,w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 5m .

1 86

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . GRAVE 3 20 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G ravel . 2 . 3m ,w .0 . 98m ,d .0 . 28m . J uven i le ,a ged 9 11 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 27 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 03m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 29m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . Ambe r . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy b e l tr i ve t s .

GRAVE 3 21 . A x is 1 41° . G rave 1 . 1 . 52m , w . 0 . 49m , d . 0 . 07m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 3 28 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 15m , w . 1 . 02m , d . 0 . 37m . A du l tm a le ,a ged o ve r5 0y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 22 . A x i s 1 32° . G rave 1 . 1 . 21m , w . 0 . 75m , d . 0 . 22m . C h i ld ,a ged 2 -3 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 29 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 23m , w . 1 . 06m , d .0 . 4m . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 23 . A x i s 12° . G ravel . 2 . 41m ,w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 26m . A du l tm a le ,a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . 2 . S h ie ld GRAVE 3 24 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w . 0 . 34m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 30 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 58m , w . 0 . 52m , d . 0 . 15m . J uven i le , a ged 1 0 12 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

1 . 13m , d .

GRAVE 3 31 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 85m ,w . 0 . 79m , d .0 . 1m . P robab le a du l t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . Ambe r . 3 . B ead s . G la s s . 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped . 6 . T wee zer s . C oppe ra l loy . 7 . B ead . G la s s . 8 . C o in . C oppe ra l loy p o t in .

GRAVE 3 25 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave 1 .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 78m , d . 0 . 15m . Adu l t ma le ,a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 3 26 . A x i s 1 27° . G rave I .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 34m . J uven i le f ema le , a ged 1 4 16 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . Kmf e . 2 . B uck le . I r on . 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy a nnu la r . 4 . Moun t . C oppe ra l loy v e s se l moun t . 5 . W r i s tc l a sp . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . R ing . I r on . 7 . B uck le . I r on . 8 . R ing . I r on . 9 . W r i s tc l a sp . C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . B uck le p la te . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 32 . A x i s 1 3 1° . G rave I .2 . 55m , w . 1 . 13m , d . 0 . 48m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 33 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave 1 .2 . 72m , w . 0 . 83m , d . 0 . 48m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le . G rave g ood s : I .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 3 34 . A x i s 10° . G rave 1 .2 . 46m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 14m . C h i ld , a ged 6 -8 y ea r s . G rave g ood s :

1 . O b jec t s . I r on . 1 2 . G la s sv e s se lr im . 1 3 . R od I r on .

1 87

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . 2 .

B uck le . I r on . B ead . Ambe r .

3 .

GRAVE 3 4 1 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave 1 . 1 . 98m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 15m . A du l t , p robab ly ma le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 35 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave I . 1 . 81m , w . 0 . 57m , d . 0 . 07m . Adu l t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . Moun t s . C oppe ra l loy b e l t moun t s .

GRAVE 3 42 . A x i s 1 20° . G rave I .2 . 38m , w . 0 . 94m , d . 0 . 23m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 36 . A x i s 19° . G rave 1 .2 . 76m ,w . 1 . 3m , d .0 . 58m . Adu l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s .

GRAVE 3 43 . A x is 1 40° . G rave 1 . 1 . 34m , w . 0 . 49m , d . 0 . 16m . C h i ld? G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . Ambe r . 2 . A rm le t . C oppe ra l loy .

G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . Ambe r . 3 . B ead s . G la s s . 4 . C ha in . I r on l i nk s . 5 . R ing . I r on . 6 . K ey /g i rd le -hange r . I r on . 7 . B ind ing . C oppe ra l loy . 8 . R ing . I vo ry b ag r i ng . 9 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 44 . A x i s 1 32° . G rave 1 .2 . 1m , w . 0 . 81 m , d .0 . 13m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . Moun t . C oppe ra l loy b e l t moun t .

GRAVE 3 37 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave I .2 . 21m , w . 0 . 94m , d . 0 . 29m . A du l t ,a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . S pea rhead . 4 . B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 3 45 . A x is 1 32° . G rave 1 .1 . 34m , w . 0 . 9m ,d .0 . 06m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 3 46 . A x i s 1 36° . G rave 1 .2 .44m , w . 0 . 95m , d .

GRAVE 3 38 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave 1 .2 . 21m ,w . l m ,d .0 . 2m . A du l t ma le , a ged 1 9 -21 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l .

0 . 35m . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 4 0 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 3 . S word A long l ef ta rm . 4 . O b jec t . I r on . 5 . A xe o rh ammer . I r on . B yr i gh tf oo t .

GRAVE 3 39 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave I .2 . 1m ,w . 0 . 84m , d .0 . 58m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 7 -32 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .

B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 3 47 . A x i s 17° . G rave 1 .2 .26m , w . 0 . 63m , d . 0 . 48m . J uven i le , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 1 4 -16 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . T h read G o ld . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . C one b eake r . 3 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . B ead s . Ambe r . 5 . B ead s . G la s s . 6 . B rooch . O pen -wo rk r o se t te .

B ead s . G la s s . B ead s . Ambe r . P endan t . S i lve rs cu t if o rm . R ing . S i lve r .

GRAVE 3 40 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2 . 25m ,w . 0 . 85m , d .0 . 4m . A du l t ma le ,a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on .

1 88

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 . 1 . 1 2 . 1 3 . 1 4 .

B rooch . S qua re h eaded . I ron c onc re t ion . Moun t . S i lve r . B uck l e . I r on . K ey s /g i rd l e -hange r s . I r on . B rooch . R ad ia te h eaded . R ing . I r on . S p ind l e -who r l . L ead .

3 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . P in . I r on . 3 51 .2 : A du l tf ema le ,a g ed 4 0 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S qua r eh eaded . 2 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . 3 . B rooch . R ad ia te h eaded . 4 . B rooch . S qua r eh eaded . 5 . B rooch . C ruc if o rm .

GRAVE 3 48 . A x i s 1 42° . G rave 1 .2 . 55m ,w . 1 . 05m , d .0 . 7m . A du l t ma le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . F a ta l e dg ed w eapon i n ju ry t os ku l l . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K ey /g i rd l e -hang e r . I r on . 3 . B ox m oun t s . C oppe ra loy . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 52 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 75m ,w . 0 . 8m ,d .0 . 22m . C h i ld , a ged 7 9y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 53 . A x i s 1 36 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 02m , w . 0 . 93m , d . 0 . 49m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B rooch . D i sc . 4 . R od . I r on . 5 I r on l o zeng e . P i e rced . 6 . G la s sv e s se l . C law b eake r . 7 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on . 8 . V e s se lb i nd ing . S i lve r . 9 . P in . I r on . 1 0 . O b jec t . S i lve r .

GRAVE 3 49 . A x i s 1 37° . G rave 1 .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 89m , d . 0 . 35m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed o ve r5 0y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . G la s s . 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . G RAVE 3 50 . A x i s 1 38° ( 3 50 .1) a nd 1 3 3 ° ( 3 50 .2 ) . G rave I . 2 . 36m ,w . 0 . 99m ,d .0 . 44m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 3 50 .1 : C h i ld ,a ged 9 10 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 3 50 .2 : A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . Ambe r . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . S l ing m oun t . C oppe ra loy . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy b e l tr i ve t s . 6 . R ing . I r on . 7 . R ing . I v o ry b ag r i ng . 8 . O b jec t s . I r on . 9 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy s h oe shaped . 1 0 . B ead Ambe r . 1 . G la s sv e s se lr im .

GRAVE 3 54 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave 1 .1 . 95m , w . 0 . 82m , d . 0 . 06m . A du l t ,p r obab ly f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . G la s s . 2 . B ead Ambe r . 3 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . 4 . C ha in . C oppe ra loy . 5 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 6 . R ive t . C oppe ra loy s hoe shaped . 7 . T h read G o ld . GRAVE 3 55 . A x i s 1 20 ' . G rave 1 .2 . 25m ,w . 1 . 02m ,d .0 . 3m . A du l t ,p r obab ly f ema le ,a g ed 2 2 -27 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s sv e s se l . B ow l . GRAVE 3 56 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 53m ,w .0 . 8m ,d .0 . 22m . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton d e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 51 . A x i s 1 27° . G rave 1 .2 . 5m ,w . l m ,d .0 . 4 1m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 3 51 .1 : A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . C o in . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 57 . A x i s 1 44 ° . G ravel .2 . 58m ,w . I m ,d .0 . 32m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le .

1 89

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . No g rave g ood s .

No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 58 . A x i s 1 40° . G rave 1 . 1 . 68m , w . 0 . 65m , d . 0 . 14m . C h i ld ,a ged 3 -5 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 3 66 . A x i s 1 26 ' . G rave 1 .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 96m , d . 0 . 28m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B rooch . B u t ton . 3 . B rooch . B u t ton .

GRAVE 3 59 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 0 . 82m , d . 0 . 14m . A du l t ma le , a ged 4 5 -55 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 67 . A x i s 1 33° . G rave 1 . 1 . 95m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 17m . A du l t ,p robab ly ma le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . G la s sv e s se lf ragmen t . 4 . B uck l e . I r on . 5 . O b jec t s . I r on . 6 . R ing . I r on . 7 . B rooch . A nnu la r .

GRAVE 3 60 . A x i s 1 50 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 95m , w . 0 . 69m , d . 0 . 06m . P o s s ib le c of in , i r on n a i l i nf i l l . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . S word p omme l . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . K ey . I r on . GRAVE 3 61 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 11m , w . 0 . 24m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 68 . A x i s 1 32 ' . G rave 1 .2 . 37m , w . 0 . 75m , d . 0 . 15m . A du l tm a le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy .

1 . 05m , d .

GRAVE 3 69 . A x i s 1 37 ° . G rave I .2 . 38m ,w . 0 .93m ,d .0 . 3m .

GRAVE 3 62 . A x i s 14 ° . G rave 1 .0 . 85m , w . 0 . 49m , d . 0 . 17m . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton d e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .F ragmen t s . I r on .

A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 70 . A x i s 1 47 ° . G rave I . 1 . 83m , w . 0 . 83m , d . 0 . 05m . C h i ld , a g ed 6 -8 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 63 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 47m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 45m . A du l t ma le , a ged 4 5 -55 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . B uck le . I r on . 4 . O b jec t s . I r on . 5 . B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 3 71 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 74m , d . 0 . 31 m . A du l t , p robab ly ma le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l . GRAVE 3 72 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave I .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 86m , d .

GRAVE 3 64 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave 1 .2 .07m , w . 0 . 95m ,d .0 . 2m .

0 . 56m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s .

A du l tm a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

G rave g ood s : e . 1 . Knif rooch . A nnu la r . 2 . B rooch . Annu la r . 3 . B one . A n ima l . 4 . B

GRAVE 3 65 . A x i s 1 24° . G ravel .2 . 57m ,w . 1 . 03m ,d .0 . 3m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le .

1 90

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes D -F . 5 .

B rooch . S qua re h eaded .

11 . P o t tery v e sse l .

6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 .

B rooch . G a rne t in la id d i sc . B ead s . G la ss . B ead Ambe r . G la ss v e s se l . C law b eake r . B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 3 77 . A x is 1 30' . G rave 1 . 1 . 68m , w . 0 . 65m , d . 0 . 23m . D e ta i ls o fs ke le ton n o td e term ined . G rave g oods : 1 . G la ss f ragmen t . 2 . G la ss f ragmen t .

GRAVE 3 73 . A x is 1 53° . G rave 1 . 1 . 84m , w . 0 . 82m , d . 0 . 15m . A du l t , p robab ly ma le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . Ambe r . 3 .

B ead s . G la ss .

4 . 5 .

S t rap -end C oppe ra l loy . I r on l o zenge .

6 . 7 .

P in? s haf t . I r on . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

8 .

R ing . I r on .

3 . 4 .

P o t tery v e sse l . G la s sv e sse l .

5 . 6 .

G la ss r od G la ss f ragmen t .

7 . 8 .

B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . R ing . I r on .

9 . 1 0 . 1 . 1 2 .

I r on l o zenge . I r on l o zenge . B ead C ha lk . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

1 3 . P endan t . C oppe ra l loy . 1 4 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

9 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy s hoe -shaped .

1 5 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy s p i ra l . 1 6 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 1 2 . B rooch . G ar n e t in la id d i sc .

GRAVE 3 78 . A x is 1 33° . G rave 1 .2 . 5m , w . 0 . 78m , d .0 . 2m . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 5 -c .45 y ea r s . No g rave g oods .

GRAVE 3 74 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave 1 .2 .2m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 7m . J uven i le , a ged 1 4 16 y ea r s . G rave g oods : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pearhead .

GRAVE 3 79 . A x is 1 23° . G rave 1 .2 . 31 m , w . 0 . 93m , d . 0 . 35m .

3 .

A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s .

B uck le . I r on .

G rave g ood s : I . K n if e .

GRAVE 3 75 . A x i s 1 33° .

G rave 1 .2 . 65m , w .

1 . 04m , d . GRAVE 3 80 .

0 . 74m . A du l t ma le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s .

G rave 1 .0 . 78m , w . 0 . 55m , d .0 . 37m .

G rave g ood s :

P robab le c h i ld .

1 . S pearhead

No g rave g ood s .

2 .

S word

3 . 4 .

S h ie ld . B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 3 81 . A x is 1 31° . G rave I . 3m , w . 1 . 05m , d . 0 . 74m . P oss ib le c off in , i r on n a i l i nf i l l .

GRAVE 3 76 .

A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s .

A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 45m .

G rave g ood s : I . K n if e .

C h i ld , a ged 7 -8 y ea r s . G rave g oods : 1 .

K n if e .

2 .

C ha te la ine . I r on .

3 . 4 .

K ey /g i rd le -hanger . I r on . K ey /g i rd le -hanger . I r on .

5 . 6 . 7 .

R ing . C oppe ra l loy . K ey /g ird le -hanger . I r on . K ey . I r on .

8 .

R ing . I vo ry b ag .

2 . 3 .

B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy b e l tr i ve t s .

4 . 5 .

B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . F ragmen t s . I r on .

6 .

B ind ing s . C oppe ra loy .

7 . 8 . 9 .

O b jec t . I r on . K n if e . Na i l . I r on , r i ng -headed .

1 0 . R od . I r on . 1 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

9 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . B ead s . G la ss .

1 2 . Moun t . C oppe ra l loy v es se l moun t .

1 9 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . 2 . B ead . Ambe r .

1 3 . S tap le . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 3 82 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 87m , d .

GRAVE 3 90 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 .2 .09m , w . 0 . 85m , d . 0 . 52m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

0 . 74m . J uven i le ,a ged 1 2 14 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 83 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave 1 . 1 . 98m , w . 0 . 84m , d .

GRAVE 3 9 1 . A x i s 1 28 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 38m , w . 1 . 05m , d .

0 . 47m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . Ambe r .

0 . 75m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 3 91 .1 : A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . 2 . R ing . I r on . 3 . O b jec t . I r on . 4 . B ead s . Ame thy s t . 5 . P endan t . B u l la . 6 . B ead s . G la s s . 7 . B ead s . Ambe r . 3 9 1 .2 : A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s .

GRAVE 3 84 . A x i s 1 28' . G rave 1 . 1 . 62m , w . 0 . 87m , d . 0 . 38m . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton d e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . GRAVE 3 85 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 .2 . 35m , w . 0 . 92m , d . 0 . 78m . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . N og rave g ood s .

G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck e t . Wooden , w i th c oppe r b i nd ing s . 3 . C ry s ta lb a l l . 4 . T hread . G o ld . F rom h ead -band . 5 . B rooch . R o se t te . 6 . B rooch . R o se t te . 7 . P endan t . S i lve r . 8 . P in . I r on . 9 . P endan t . G o ld . 1 0 . P endan t . S hee ts i lve r . 1 . R ing . S i lve rs l ip -kno t .

GRAVE 3 86 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 .2 . 5m ,w . 0 . 96m , d .0 . 68m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 3 86 .1 : A du l t . N og rave g ood s . 3 86 .2 : A du l t ma le ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 3 87 . A x i s 1 42° . G rave I .2 . 28m , w . 0 . 74m , d . 0 . 31m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . 3 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped . GRAVE 3 88 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave I .1 . 88m , w . 0 . 85m , d . I m . C off in ,w i th f i t t ing s . C h i ld , a ged 6mon th st o 1y ea r . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e s se l . 2 . A rm le t . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 3 89 . A x i s 16° . G rave 1 .0 . 96m ,w . 0 . 48m , d .0 . 2m . P robab le c h i ld .

1 92

1 2 . 1 3 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 1 6 . 1 7 . 1 8 . 1 9 . 2 0 . 2 1 .

B ead . F o s s i l . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . B rooch . S qua re h eaded . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . R ive t s . C oppe ra l loy s hoe shaped . C o in . C oppe ra l loy . C o in . C oppe ra l loy . F ragmen t s . I r on a nd s i lve r . P in . C oppe ra l loy s p l i tp in .

2 2 . 2 3 . 2 4 . 2 5 . 2 6 . 2 7 . 2 8 . 2 9 . 3 0 . 3 1 .

F i t t ing . I r on . R ive t . S i lve r . C ha in l i nk . I r on . K n if e . F ragmen t s . I r on . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . C ha in l i nk . I r on . B ead . G la s s . B ead s . Ambe r .

a l loy

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . GRAVE 3 92 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 74m , w . 0 . 8m , d .0 . 67m . P o s s ib le c of in , i r on n a i l si nf i l l . C h i ld ,a ged 8 10 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . C o in . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . S t r ip . C oppe ra l loy ,r e c tangu la r . 6 . P o t t e ry v e s se l .

GRAVE 3 99 . A x i s 1 36 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 45m ,w . 0 . 63m ,d .0 . 1m . P robab le c h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 4 00 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 74m ,w .0 . 83m ,d .0 . 2m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton d e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . R i ve t . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 93 . A x i s 1 28 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 44m , w . 1 . 03m , d . 0 . 24m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 3 93 .1 : A du l tm a le ,a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G r av eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead 3 93 .2 : A du l tm a le ,a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 0 1 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 5m ,w . 1 . 05m ,d .0 . 13m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le , a ged o ve r5 0y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 4 02 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 .2 . 55m , w . 0 . 96m , d . 0 . 94m . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 8 -33 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 94 . . A x i s 1 33° . G rave 1 .2 . 28m , w . 0 . 8 1m , d 0 . 26m . A du l tm a le ,a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on .

GRAVE 4 03 . G rave 1 .1 . 15m ,w . 0 . 45m , d .0 . 16m . P robab le c h i ld . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 95 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m ,w . 0 . 81m ,d .0 . 14m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le ,a g ed 4 0 -45 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e 2 . B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 4 04 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave 1 .2 . 05m , w . 0 . 94m , d . 0 . 42m . J uven i le , a ged 1 3 15 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I .B ead s . G la s s .

GRAVE 3 96 . A x i s 1 40 ° . G ravel .2 . 05m ,w .0 . 8m ,d .0 . 17m . A du l t ,a g ed 3 5 -45 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 05 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 31m , w . 0 . 81m , d . 0 . 67m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le , a ged 2 2 -27 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 3 97 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 .2 . 48m , w . 0 . 68m , d . 0 . 22m . A du l t ,a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 06 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave 1 . 1 . 66m , w . 0 . 62m , d . 0 . 12m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 3 98 . A x i s 1 36 ° . G rave I .2 . 3m ,w .0 . 85m , d .0 . 25m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . F i re s tee l? I r on .

GRAVE 4 07 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave I .2 . 38m ,w . 1 . 2m ,d .0 . 75m . A du l tf ema le ,a g ed 2 3 -28 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . c .x 115 . 2 . K n if e .

1 9 3

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 3 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy , b ug le shaped . 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy . 7 . C o in . R oman . 8 . I n tag l io . R oman ,w i th 7 . 9 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy a nd i r on . 1 0 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy a nd o rgan ic m a te r ia l w i th i r on .

1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 .

R ive t s . x 2 , c oppe ra l loy . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . K n if e . S t rap -end . C oppe ra l loy . R od . I r on . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . B ead s . x 78 .

GRAVE 4 13 . A x i s 1 02° . G rave I .2 .41 m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 66m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 2 -27 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . R im -b ind ing s . C oppe ra l loy , f r om v e s se l . 3 . R od s . I r on ,w i th o rgan ic r ema in s . 4 . R od s . I r on . 5 . O b jec t . I r on . 6 . Ma t e r ia l . I r on a nd o rgan ic . 7 . K n if e . 8 . B ead s . x 3 , a me thy s t . 9 . R ing . S i lve r . 1 0 . R ing f ragmen t s . S i lve r . 1 . B ead s . x 2 . 1 2 . N eed le . C oppe ra l loy . 1 3 . R ing . S i lve r . 1 4 . P endan t . S i lve rs hee tf r agmen t s .

GRAVE 4 08 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 29m , w . 1 . 09m , d . 0 . 87m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P in . I r on . 3 . B rooch . Sma l lr ad ia te h eaded . 4 . B rooch . R ad ia te h eaded , c oppe ra l loy . 5 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy f i nge r r ing . 7 . C o in s . x 2 . 8 . B ead . 9 . O b jec t s . x 2 , c oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 4 09 . A x i s 1 26° . G rave I .2 . 38m , w . 0 . 86m , d .1 . 1m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 2 -27 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . L ink s . I r on . 2 . B ead s . c .5 0 . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . O b jec t . I r on . 7 . S t rap -f i t t ing . 8 . O b jec t s . I r on .

GRAVE 4 14 . A x i s 1 40 ° . G rave 1 .2 .47m , w . 1 . 16m , d . 0 . 69m . A du l tm a le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead 2 . S word 3 . K n if e . 4 . R od . I r on . 5 . R odf ragmen t s . I r on . 6 . B uck le . I r on . 7 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 4 l a rge d i sc -headed r i ve t s , f ound e i the rs i de o fs h ie ld -bo s s . 8 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 9 . O b jec t . I r on .

GRAVE 4 10 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave I . 1 . 51m , w . 0 . 56m , d . 0 . 57m . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton d e te rm ined . N og rave g ood s .

C h i ld ,a ged 4 -6 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead .

GRAVE 4 15 . A x is 1 30 ° . G rave I .0 . 95m , w . 0 . 41m , d . 0 . 18m . C h i ld , a ged 1 . 5 -2 .5 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead G la s s . 2 . B ead Ambe r .

GRAVE 4 12 . A x i s 1 32° . G rave 1 .2 . 48m , w . 0 . 91m , d . 0 . 47m . J uven i le /young a du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 1 5 -20 y ea r s . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 4 16 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave 1 .2 . 23m , w . 1 . 09m , d . 0 . 61m . A du l tm a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .

GRAVE 4 11 . A x i s 1 28° . G rave 1 . 1 . 75m , w . 0 . 75m , d . 0 . 68m .

1 94

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . 2 .

P in . I r on . GRAVE 4 22 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G ravel . 1 . 77m ,w . 0 . 74m ,d .0 . 9m . C h i ld ,a g ed 3 4y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . B e l lb eak e r . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 4 17 . A x i s 1 32 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 69m , w . 1 . 0 1m , d . 0 . 35m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . C ry s ta lB a l l . 2 . S t rap -end s . C oppe ra loy . 3 . B rooch . S qua r eh ead ed . 4 . B rooch . R ad ia te h ead ed . 5 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 6 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 7 . B rooch . R ad ia te h ead ed . 8 . K n if e . 9 . R ing C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . B ead Ambe r .

GRAVE 4 23 . A x i s 1 36 ' . G rave 1 .2 . 6m ,w . 0 . 84m ,d .0 . 46m . A du l tm a le ,a g ed 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 3 . R od . I r on . 4 . K n if e . 5 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . 6 . B uck le . L ead a loy .

GRAVE 4 18 . A x i s 1 2 1° . G rave I .1 . 85m , w . 0 . 74m , d . 0 . 49m . J uv en i le ,p robab ly f ema le ,a ged 1 6 18 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l .

GRAVE 4 24 . A x i s 1 38° . G rave I . 1 . 54m , w . 0 . 62m , d . 0 . 2 1m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton d e t e rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .S tap le . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 4 19 . A x i s 1 25° . G rave 1 .2 . 32m ,w . 1 . 09m ,d .0 . 5m . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . B i rd b rooch . 2 . B rooch . Sma l ld i sc . 3 .B ead s . x 22 . 4 . R ing /pu r se -moun t . C o r roded t o g e the r . 5 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 6 .B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 7 . O b jec t sa ndf ragmen t s . I r on . 8 .I r on l o zenge . 9 . F ragmen t . C oppe ra loy . 1 0 . D i sc . A n t le r .

GRAVE 4 25 . A x i s 1 2 3° . G rave 1 .2 . 4m ,w . 1 . 1m ,d .0 . 82m . A du l t ,p r obab ly f ema le ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I . B ead s . x 34 . 2 . B ead . C oppe ra loy . 3 . P in s . x 2 , i r on . 4 . B ead s . c .x 35 . GRAVE 4 26 . A x i s 13° . G rave 1 .2 . 54m , w . 1 . 02m , d . 0 . 84m . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on a nd c oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 4 20 . A x i s 1 36 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 31m , w . 1 . 05m , d . 0 . 98m . P o s s ib le c of f in . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . T hread G o ld . 2 . P in . I r on . 3 . G la s sv e s se l . B e l lb eake r . 4 . C omb . A n t le r .

GRAVE 4 27 . A x i s 1 32 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m ,w . 1 . 06m ,d .0 . 81m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 4 27 .1 : A du l tf ema le ,a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . C o in s . x 2 ,R oman . 2 . P in . C oppe ra loy . 3 . R ing I r on , l a rge . 4 . R ing . I r on ,s ma l l . 5 . K n if e . 6 . B uck l e . I r on . 7 . R ing f ragmen t . C oppe ra loy . 8 . R odf ragmen t . C oppe ra l loy . 9 . F ragmen t . C oppe ra loy . 4 27 .2 : A du l t ,a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s .

GRAVE 4 2 1 . A x i s 1 36° . G rave 1 .1 . 69m , w . 0 . 85m , d . 0 . 81m . C h i ld , a ged 3 4y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . 2 . K n if e . 3 . P in . I r on .

1 95

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s 1 32 ° . G rave 1 .2 .25m , w . 1 . 14m , d . 0 . 23m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . G i lded a n ima lb rooch . 2 . B rac e le t . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . K n if e .

G rave g ood s : 1 .S tap le . C oppe ra l loy . L o s t . GRAVE 4 28 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 4 1m , w . 0 . 97m , d . 0 . 83m . A du l tf ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton . 2 . B rooch . B u t ton . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . C o in . B ronze . 5 . B ead P e lv i sa r ea . 6 . G la s sf ragmen t . 7 . C o in . B ronze . 8 . K n if e . 9 . O b jec t . I r on . 1 0 . B ead s . x 21 . 1 . O b jec t . I r on . 1 2 . F i t t ing . C oppe ra l loy . 1 3 . P la te . C oppe ra l loy . 1 4 . C o in . B ronze . 1 5 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 4 34 . A x is 1 20 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 75m , w . 0 . 95m , d . 0 . 34m . A du l t , p robab ly ma le . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P in . I r on . GRAVE 4 35 . A x i s 1 31' . G rave 1 .2 . 17m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 07m . A du l t , p robab ly ma le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : I .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 4 36 . G rave I .2 . 2m ,w . 1 . 07m , d .0 . 62m .

GRAVE 4 29 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 62m , w . 0 . 66m , d .

A du l t , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . I r on a nd c oppe ra l loy .

0 . 31m . A du l t ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

3 . GRAVE 4 30 . A x i s 1 32° . G rave 1 .1 . 77m , w . 0 . 27m , d .0 . 5m . C h i ld ,a ged 6 -9 y ea r s . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 37 . A x is 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 5m ,w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 3m . A du l t ma le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S word . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . B ow l . 3 . B i l lhook . I r on . F rank i sh? 4 . O b jec t . I r on .

GRAVE 4 31 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 82m , w . 0 . 64m , d . 0 . 25m . C h i ld ,a ged 6 -8 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e? GRAVE 4 32 . A x i s 1 30° . G rave 1 .2 . 0 1m , w . 0 . 26m . P robab le j uven i le . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . R ing . B one . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .

K n if e . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . B ead s . x 8 . G la s sv e s se l . C one b eak e r .

7 . 8 .

B ead s . x 10 . B ead

F i t t ing s . x 3 , c oppe ra l loy .

1 . 02m , d .

5 . 6 . 7 .

B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . T wee zer s . C oppe ra l loy . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

8 . 9 . 1 0 . 1 .

O b jec t . I r on . K n if e . C o in . B ronze . P ur se -moun t . I r on .

GRAVE 4 38 . G rave 1 .2 . 58m ,w . 0 . 91m , d .0 . 52m . J uven i le m a le ,a ged 1 5 17 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 4 39 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 6m ,w . 0 . 65m ,d .0 . 12m . J uven i le , a ged 1 2 14 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 33 .

1 96

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 2 . B ead O paque r e d g l a s s w i th w h i te i n c lu s ion s ,b a r re ls haped . D ove r Mu seum . 3 . P endan t . G o ld d i sc , f l a t g a rne t d i sc i n c en t re , f l u ted s u spen s ion l o op . D ov e r Mu seum .

GRAVE 4 40 . A x i s 1 20° . G rave 1 .2 . 14m , w . 0 . 83m , d . 0 . 22m . J uv en i le ,a ged 1 5 17 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton . 2 . B rooch . B u t ton . 3 . C o in . B ronze . 4 . B ead s . x 12 . 5 . K n if e .

9 5 . D un ton G reen I ,P o lh i l l . I . F ound J une 1 956 , d ur ing r oad work s . M i s sM .B lum s te in .

GRAVE 4 4 1 . A x i s 1 31 0. G rave 1 . 1 . 14m , w . 0 . 75m , d . 0 . 67m . C h i ld ,a ged 1 . 5 -2 .5 y ea r s . G r av eg ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . 2 . B ead s . x 20 .

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . J uven i le ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 42 . A x i s 1 24° . G rave 1 . 1 . 87m , w . 0 . 66m , d . 0 . 47m . C h i ld ,a ged 9 11 y ea r s . G r av eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . K n if e . 3 . R od s . x 2 , i r on .

GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood sr e co rd ed . GRAVE 4 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 4 0 -50 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended ,r i gh th and o np e lv i s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 43 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave d e te rm ined . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le ,a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . G r av eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . O b jec t s . x 2 , i r on .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t f ema le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 44 . C of f i n , 4i r on n a i l s i nf i l l . C h i ld ,a ged 6 8y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . R od I r on . 3 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . Y oung a du l tm a le ,a ged 1 5 16 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , l e f ta rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . N og r ave g ood s .

9 1 . Dover I V , H igh M eadow . I . F ound J u ly 1 956 , c on s truc t ion o f ag arag e .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t m a le , a ged 5 0 -60 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . N og r ave g ood s .

d ur ing

GRAVE 8 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t m a le , a g ed 2 7 -28 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended ,h and sf o lded i nl a p . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B yr i gh ts i de . D i s tu rbed .

GRAVE 1 . G rav ei nt op so i l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rav eg ood s : 1 .R ing . C oppe ra l loy . D ov e r Mu seum .

1 97

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 2 . B uck le . U nde rb ody . D i s tu rbed . I r on . GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s 1 05 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .2 . 26m , w . 0 . 66m , d .0 . 43m . C ha lk r ubb le p a ck ing o n 3 s i de ss ugg e s t sc of in ( 1 .78m b y0 . 38m ) . A du l t m a le , a ged o ve r 4 0 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , l e f th and o n p e lv i s , r i gh t a rm a c ro s s c he s t . H e igh t 1 . 73m . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . U nde r l e f t p e lv i s , p o in t t owa rd s h ead .*

GRAVE 9 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r av er e co rded . Y oung a du l tm a le ,a ged 1 5 16 y ea r s . S up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .S eat P e rhap sf r om b enea th l e g s . GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l tm a le , a g ed 4 5y ea r s . S up ine . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , m in . 1 .2 . 00m , w . 0 . 63m , d . 0 . 25m . E e nd d amag ed b y b u l ldoze r . A du l t , p r obab ly m a le , a ged 4 0 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . M in . h e igh t 1 . 57m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t .*

GRAVE 1 . A x i s3 55 -5° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . Ma le ,a g eu n spec if ied . S up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . R e s t ing o ns a c rum . 2 . K n if e . U nde r s a c rum , p o in t t owa rd s h ead . I n comp le te . GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s6 0 ° . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . Ma le ,a ge u n spec if i ed . S up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . O ns a c rum .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s 1 05 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , I .2 . 09m , w . 0 . 63m , d .0 . 38m . A du l t , p r obab ly m a le , a ged 2 2 -25 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , h ead t o l ef t , l i mb s s t ra igh t . S ke le ton p a r t ia l ly c omp le te . M in . h e igh t 1 . 63m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .*

GRAVE 1 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ex a nd a g en o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .L a tch l i f i e r s . x 2 ,s i ng le h ook e nd s , i r on .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 7 1m , d .0 . 4 1m . C ha lk r ubb le p a ck ing o nt wo s i de ss ugg e s t sc off in ( 1 .88m b y0 . 4 1m ) . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , l e f t a rm a c ro s s p e lv i s . S ke le ton p a r t ia l ly c omp le te . H e igh t 1 . 70m . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* 2 . I r on o b jec t s . x 6 , o n l ef t w a i s t . B ad ly c o r roded ,m ay=be l tf i t t ing s .

I . Chance d i scover ie s 1 959 -1963 . O tf ord H i s tor ica lS oc ie ty . GRAVE 1 4 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t m a le , a g ed c .2 5 y ea r s . p r e se rved ,h e igh t 1 . 70m . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

S k e le ton w e l l

( GRAVES 1 5a nd 1 6 . ) F ound d u r ing r o ad w o rk s . N o d e ta i l s o r f i nd s r e co rded .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s 9 5 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .1 . 48m , w . 0 . 6 1m ,d .0 . 28m . I n f an t , u nd e r 5y ea r s . S ex n o t d e te rm ined . F r agmen t so fs ku l lo n ly s u rv iv ed . N og r av eg ood s .

( GRAVES 1 7a nd 1 8 . ) F ound b y s c hoo lboy s d i gg ing i n to e xpo sed c ha lk f a ce . N od e ta i l so rf i nd sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 1 9 . ) D i scove r ed b y w o rkmen e xcava t ing r e se rvo i r . N od e ta i l so rf i nd sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 2 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , d amag ed b y b u l ldoz e r . M in . I .1 . 9 1m , w . 0 . 56 ,d .0 . 08m . A du l t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . S up ine f l exed ,r i gh t a rm a c ro s s w a i s t , l e g s s l igh t ly b en t t o l e f t . S ke le ton d amag ed . M in . h e igh t 1 . 57m . G rave g ood s :

I I . R e scue e xcava t ion O c tober 1 964 a head o f r oad w ork s . We s t K en t B order A r chaeo log ica lG roup .

1 9 8

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .*

A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , h ead t o l ef t . S ke le ton i n comp le te . H e igh t 1 . 70m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O n l e f tt h igh ,p o in tt oS E .* 2 . L ace t ag . B e low f e e t . C oppe ra loy .*

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s 4 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .1 . 98m , w . 1 . 47m ,d .0 . 25m . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 6 -55 . S up ine e x t ended , h ead t or i gh t , a rm s b en t a nd a way f r om b ody , r i gh t l e g s l igh t ly b en t . P a r t ia l ly c omp le t e s k e le ton . L eng th i n g round 1 . 60m , h e igh t p r obab ly n ea r e r 1 . 82m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,v e r t ica l .* 2 . B uck le . A tc en t r ew a i s t . C oppe ra loy .*

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s4 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , c upped b a se . L .2 . 03m ,w . 0 . 51m , d .0 . 10m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged 1 7 -25 y ea r s . S up ine f l exed , h ead t o r i gh t , l e g s c u rv ing s l igh t ly t ol e f t ,r i gh ta rm b en td oub le w i th h and o n n eck , l ef t a rm b en t d oub le w i th h and b y h ead . S ke le ton f r agmen ted . M in . h e igh t 1 . 60m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tr i gh tw a i s t ,p o in tt o NE .* 2 . I r on o b jec t . A long s ku l l . P robab ly= spea r s o cke t . B roken .*

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .2 . 11m , w . 0 . 76m ,d .0 . 15m . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . S up ine f l exed , h ead t ol ef t , l e g sb en t9 0 °t ol ef t ,r i gh ta rm b en t a c ro s sb ody . S i gn so fo s t eoa r th r i t i s . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead O nr i gh ts hou lde rw i th b l ade b y r i gh te a r .* 2 . K n if e . O n l e f t p e lv i s , p o in t t owa rd s h ead . P robab ly h e ld i nr i gh th and .* 3 . B uck le . C en t r ew a i s t , i r on . 4 . S tud A t c en t re w a i s t . C oppe r a loy , p o s s ib ly b e l tf i t t ing .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , f o o t d e s t royed b y m ach ine . L . 1 . 96m , w . 0 . 51m , d . 0 . 20m . P ack ing o no ne s i de o fg r ave . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . S ke le ton l a rge ly c omp le te . H e igh t o ve r 1 . 7 1m . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . F a l len i n s ide l e f t p e lv i s , r e s t ing a t 4 5° .*

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , d amaged b y b u l ldoz e r . L .2 . 03m ,w . 0 . 76m ,d .0 . 6 1m . A du l tm a le ,a g ed c .4 5y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , h ead t o r i gh t . S ke le ton i n comp le t e . M in . h e igh t 1 . 67m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t .* 2 . 2b uck le s a nd s t rap t a g s . O n r i gh t a nk le . C oppe ra l loy .* 3 .B uck le . A tc en t r ew a i s t . C oppe ra loy .* 4 . I r on o b jec t s . O nc he s t . C o r roded .*

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 7 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , c en t r e c u t b y p i pe t r ench . L . 1 . 14m ,w . 0 . 6 1m ,d .0 . 13m . N o s k e le ta l r ema in s r e cove red , b u t s i z e o f g r ave s ugge s t sc h i ld a ged 1 5 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s 8 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , c u t b y p i pe t r ench . L . 1 . 75m ,w . 0 . 6 1m , d .0 . 26m . I n f an t , a ged 1 5 y ea r s . S ex n o t d e te rm ined . F r agmen t so fs ku l lo n ly s u rv ived . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s6 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L . 1 . 65m , w . 0 . 74m ,d .0 . 25m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a g ed 1 7 -25 y ea r s . S up ine , c on t ra c t ed t o f i t i n to g r ave . H ead t o r i gh t , r i gh ta rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . S ke le ton l a rg e ly c omp le te . H e igh t 1 . 68m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O nc h e s t ,p o in tt o NW .* 2 . B ead R ed . O nc he s t .*

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r . L . 2 . 11m , w . 0 . 66m , d . 0 . 25m . C ha lk r ubb le p a ck ing o n b o th s i de ss ugge s t sc off in . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . S ke le ton c omp le te ,h e igh t 1 . 88m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s7 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L .2 . 59m ,w . 0 . 99m ,d .0 . 6 1m . C ha lk r u bb le p a ck ing o nt wo s i d e ss ugge s t sc of in .

I V . C hance d i scover ie s 1 966 . P h i lp . GRAVE 3 6 .

1 99

B .J .

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A x i s 3 5° . G rave p a r t ly d e s t roy ed b y m a ch ine . M in . 1 .1 . 27m , w . 0 . 51m , d .0 . 15m . T ra ce o f b l a ck s o i lo nb a se o fg rave . A du l t , a ged c .2 5 y ea r s . S ex n o t d e te rm ined . F l exed o n l e f t s i de , k nee s b en t a t9 0 ° . H ead , a rm sa nd f e e tm i s s ing . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .2 . 00m , w . 1 . 02m ,d .0 . 33m . A du l tm a le ,a ged c .2 0y ea r s . S up ine e x tend ed . S ke le ton m o s t ly c omp le t e ,h e igh t 1 . 78m . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . T ol e f to fh ead .* 2 . B uck l e . B e tween w a i s t a nd l e f t a rm . C oppe ra loy .* 3 . K n if e . P a ra l le lt ob ody ,n ex tt o( 2 ) . 4 . S t r ip . I n g r ave f i l l ( r e s idua l? ) . C oppe r a loy .*

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , W e nd d e s t roy ed b y p i pe t r ench . M in . 1 .1 . 42m , w . 0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 20m . N os k e le ta lr ema in sr e cove r ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . A t a bou t l e f tt h igh . C oppe r a loy , c i r cu la r d i sc b rooch . ( Aven t c l a s s 7 . 4 , c o rpu s n o . 1 90 ) .* 2 . K n if e . A ta bou tc en t r ew a i s t . P o in tt oS E .* 3 . B ead s . x 12 . A t a bou t c he s t l e ve l . 1 0 b a r r e l s haped o r b i con ica l o paque g l a s s ( 4 g r een , 2g r ey , 2b rown , 1r e d -b rown , 1y e l low ) , 1b l ue m e lon , a nd h a lf o f a n a me thy s t d r op s h aped b ead .* 4 . P endan t . N ex tt o( 3 ) . C oppe ra loy .* 5 . R ing s . x 2 . N ex t t o ( 3 ) a nd ( 4 ) . C oppe r a loy .*

GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .2 . 29m , w . 1 . 17m , d .0 . 4 1m . A du l t , a g ed c .2 6 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S up ine e x t ended , a rm s s l igh t ly b en t . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry ,h e igh ta tl e a s t 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 9 , o n r i gh t s hou lde r o r b y h ead . O paque g l a s s .* 2 . R ing s . x 2 . O nr i gh ts hou lde rn ex tt o( 1 ) . 1 c oppe ra loy , 1s i lve r ,b o th f i nge rr i ng s .* 3 . I r on o b jec t s . B e tw een p e lv i sa nd l e f ta rm .* GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s 5° . G rave s ub rec tangu la r , w i th t a pe r ed b a se . L . 1 . 75m ,w . 0 . 89m , d .0 . 20m . D oub le i n huma t ion , 2s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . 4 2A : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . O n r i gh t s i de , r i gh t l e g s t ra igh t , l ef t l e g b en t a c ro s s r i gh t . A rm s u nde r b ody . M in . h e igh t 1 . 22m . L a id a ga in s t s ou th s i de o f g r av e i n o r de r t o a c commoda te 2 nd b ody . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . I nb ack -f i l l , p robab ly a s soc ia ted w i th 4 2A . C oppe ra loy . 4 2B : A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a g ed c .2 5 y ea r s . S up ine , h and s t o g e the r o n c he s t . L ef t l e gb en ta t1 00 ° , r i gh tl e gs l igh t ly f l ex ed . M in . h e igh t 1 . 37m . L i e so ve ra nd t ouch e s4 2A . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . O nr i gh tp e lv i s . I r on .*

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o unded c o rn e r s , c u tt h rough c en t r e b y p i pe t r ench . . L . 2 . 2 1m ,w . 1 . 22m , d .0 . 43m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a g ed c . 2 3 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , a rm s s l igh t ly b en t . S k e le ton o n ly p a r t ia l ly s u rv ive s . M in .h e igh t 1 . 47m . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e a nd s ha rpen ing t o o l ( ? ) . T o r i gh t o f l owe rr i gh ta rm ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t .* 2 . R ing s . x 2 ,o nc he s t . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng s .* 3 . B ead . N ex t t o ( 2 ) . O range f i t , b a r r e l s h aped .* 4 . P in . N ex tt o( 2 )a nd ( 3 ) . C oppe ra loy .* GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , W e nd c u t b y p i pe t rench . M in . 1 . 1 . 57m , w . 0 . 89m , d . 0 . 26m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , r i gh t h and o n p e lv i s . P a r t ia l s k e le ton ,h e igh tc .1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 . I r on o b jec t s . B e tween k nee s , p o s s ib ly c ha t e la ine .*

GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , 1 .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 89m ,d .0 . 25m . D oub le i n huma t ion , 2s k e le ton s s i de b y s i de , p r obab ly b u r ied t o g e the r . 4 3A : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . O n l e f ts i de e x tended . L ef t a rm b en t t o uch ing h ead , r i gh t a rm b en to u twa rd s a nd l y ing a c ro s s4 3B . M in . h e igh t 1 . 52m . P l a ced a l ong s ou th s i de o f g r ave . N og r ave g ood s . 4 3B : A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined , a g ed c .3 0 y ea r s . S up in ee x tended ,h ead t or i gh t . G rave g ood s :

V . R e scue e xcava t ion Mar ch -Apr i l a nd J u ly -Augu s t 1 967 . We s t K en t B order A r chaeo log ica lG roup . GRAVE 4 0 .

2 00

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . W o rk -box . A t l ef t p e lv i s . C oppe r a loy . C on ta in st h r ead sa nd c ha in .* 2 . D i sc . A t l e f t p e lv i s . B one , p e rf o ra t ed . G r een a nd i r on s t a in ing s ugge s t s t h a tt h e o t he r o b jec t sw e r ea t ta ched t ot h i s .* 3 . K ey . A t l ef t p e lv i s , w i th t h e o t he r f i nd s . I r on .* 4 . K n if e . A tl e f tp e lv i s . 5 .I r on o b jec t s . A tl ef tp e lv i s .*

I n f an t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged c .3 5 y ea r s . F l exed o n r i gh t s i de , k nee s b en t a t 4 5° . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry ,h e igh tc .0 . 9 1m . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s 3 5° . G rave s ub rec tangu la r , 1 .1 . 37m , w . 0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 38m . J uven i le , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a g ed 5 10 y ea r s . O n ly f r agmen t s o f s k e le ton s u rv ive . M in . h e igh t0 . 9 1m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th s l op ing s i d e s . L . 1 . 95m , w . 1 . 27m , d . 0 . 35m . C a rbon i sed w ood t r a ce s s t and ing v e r t ica l ly a t e a ch e nd s ugg e s tc off in ( 1 .1 . 68m ) . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a g ed c .3 5 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , h ead t o l e f t , l e f t a rm b en t w i th h and o n p e lv i s . S k e le ton i n comp le t e . M in .h e igh t 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O nl e f tp e lv i s ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .*

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave v i s ib le o n ly a s f a in t r e c tangu la r o u t l ine . L . a pp rox ima te ly 1 . 22m , w . 0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 15m a tc en t r e . I n f an t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged 3 5 y ea r s . S l igh tt r ace so fs k e le ton o n ly ,h e igh tc .0 . 9 1m . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s7 0 ° . G rave af a in tr e c tangu la ro u t l ine . L . 1 . 07m ,w . 0 . 76m ,d .0 . 1m . C h i ld , s e xn o td e t e rm ined , a g ed e s t ima ted a t2 5y ea r s . F a in tt r ace so fb one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . D i sc s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy . P o s s ib ly p endan t s . N ea rc en t r e o fg r ave . H ad p o s s ib ly b een i nc on ta ine rw i th 2 -4 .* 2 . R ing s . x 3 ,c oppe ra loy . 3 . B ead s . x 2 ,y e l low .* 4 . I r on o b jec t .

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o unded c o rne r s . L .2 . 13m ,w . 1 . 17m ,d .0 . 48m . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le , a g ed c .6 0y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . S ke le ton i ng ood c ond i t ion . M in . h e igh t 1 . 67m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead P a ra l le l t ob ody , o n r i gh t s i de , s h a f tp robab ly a c ro s sf o r ea rm .* 2 . B uck le . A tc en t re w a i s t ,c oppe ra loy .* 3 . k n if e . B e tween r i b s a nd l e f t a rm . P o in t t owa rd sh ead .* 4 . I r on o b jec t s . B y r i gh t h and . Sma l l , n a i l l i k e .

GRAVE 5 2 . Two g r ave s ,o ne p a r t ly o ve r ly ing t h eo t he r . 5 2a : A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r . L . 1 . 98m , w . a pp rox . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 18m . S ou th o f , a nd c u t b y , 5 2b . G rave p o s s ib ly r obbed b y d i gg e r s o f g r ave 5 2b . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 2 3 y ea r s . S ke le ton p a r t ia l ly p r e sen t , h e igh t 1 . 62m m in . S up ine ,r i gh ta rm s l igh t ly b en t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on ,a tw a i s t . 2 . K n if e? I n f i l l o fg r ave 5 2b , b u t p robab ly d i s tu rbed f r om t h i sg r ave .* 5 2b : A x i s 6 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , 1 . 2 . 05m , w . a pp rox . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 23m . N o r th o f a nd c u t t ing 5 2a . A du l tf ema le , a g ed a pp rox . 3 y ea r s . S k e le ton l a rge ly c omp le te , h e igh t 1 . 62m m in . S up ine , h ead t o l ef t , l ef t a rm b en t a c ro s s p e lv i s a nd w a i s t . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .1 . 90m , w . 0 . 96m , d .0 . 25m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , r i gh t a rm a c ro s s h i p . S k e le ton i n comp le te . M in .h e igh t 1 . 47m . N og r ave g ood s , b u t 2s ma l l p o t she rd s r e s idua l i ng r ave f i l l . GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .1 . 83m , w . 1 . 12m , d .0 . 33m . A rea o fb l a ck l o am o n c he s t a r ea p e rhap si n d ica te sp r e sence o fc of f in . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , h ead t or i gh t , l ef t a rm s l igh t ly b en t . S k e le ton c omp le te ,h e igh t 1 . 73m . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s 4 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o unded c or n e r s . L . 1 . 27m ,w . 0 . 69m ,d .0 . 23m .

GRAVE 5 3 .

2 0 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . 1 . K n if e . B y l e f tw a i s t , l y ing d i agona l ly w i th p o in tt owa rd sn or th -we s t .

A x i s 5 5° . G rave i regu la r . L . 1 . 82m , w . 0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 38m . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 5 0 y ea r s . H e igh t 1 . 57m m in . S k e le ton d amaged . S up ine , h ead t o r i gh t , l ef t a rm s l igh t ly b en t a c ro s sp e lv i s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . C omb . B one ,a c ro s sr i gh ta rm .* 2 . F e r ru l e . I r on , w i th a t ta ched i r on r i ng . U nde r l ef tt h igh . P o s s ib ly c on t en t s o ft r ink e t b ag .* 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy . R oman . W i th 2 . * 4 . R ing . C oppe r a l loy , f i nge r r ing . O n l e f t h and .* 5 . K n if e . I ng r ave f i l l .*

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s 5° . G rave s ub rec tangu la r . L . 1 . 22m ,w . 0 . 66m ,d .0 . 20m . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . A ge c .3 5 y ea r s . N ob one s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . N ea r c en t re o f g rave , l y ing e a s t w e s t . GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s 10 ° . B a r row . Mound g on e , g r ave s u r rounded b y s ha l low , v shaped , p enannu la r d i t ch . D i tch a bou t 0 . 46m w ide , i n t e rna l d i ame t e r4 . 19m . C au seway a te a s ts i d e , 1 . 22m w ide . C i r cu la r p o s t -ho le o n s ou th s i d e . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .2 . 03m , w . 0 . 81m , d . 0 . 48m . C ha lk r u bb le p ack ing o n n o r th s i de s u gge s t s p r e sence o fc off in . P o s s ib le c h i ld , a g ed a bou t 1 0 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . O n ly f r agmen t so fb one s u rv ive . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r . L . 1 . 17m , w . 0 . 63m ,d .0 . 05m . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined , p robab ly a g ed c .I 5y ea r s . S l igh t t r a ce s o fs k e le ton o n ly , h e igh t 0 . 53m m in . O nr i gh ts i de , l e g sp robab ly b en t . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 5 . O r ien ta t ion a nd o u t l ine o f g r ave u nce r ta in . D imen s ion s a pp rox . 0 . 6 1m b y 0 . 6 1m , d ep th 0 . 05m . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , p robab ly a ged 1 5 y ea r s . F ragmen t so fb one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . N ea rc en t r eo fg r ave . May h ave b een p l a ced i nc on ta ine r . 2 . D i sc . C oppe ra l loy . W i th 1 . 3 . G la s s o b jec t s . x 2 , p ea r shaped , s e t i n c oppe ra loy moun t s . W i th 1a nd 2 . 4 . B ead s . x 2 ,w i th t h eo t he ro b jec t s .

GRAVE 6 0 . Two g r ave so ne a bove t h eo t he r . 6 0a : A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , 1 . 2 . 18m , w . 0 . 92m , d . 0 . 40m . G rave p a r t ia l ly o ve r lay 6 0b . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 5 0 y ea r s . C omp le t e s k e le ton , h e igh t 1 . 60m . S up ine , h ead t or i gh t , l i mb s s t ra igh t ,r i gh th and o np e lv i s . N og r ave g ood s . 6 0b : A x i s5 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .1 . 68m ,w . 0 . 92m . G r ave u nde r6 0a . Y oung a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined , a g ed a bou t 1 5y ea r s . P a r t ia l s ke le ton , h e igh ta bou t 1 . 22m . S up ine ,r i gh ta rm a ta ng le t ob ody . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .*

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L .2 . 0 1m ,w . 0 . 99m , d . 0 . 18m . C ha r coa l f r agmen t s i n f i l l ing . Y oung a du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a g ed a bou t 1 5 y ea r s . S ke le ton r e la t ive ly w e l l p r e se rved . H e igh t 1 . 37m m in . S up ine , l e g s s l igh t ly b en t t or i gh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . T oo l . I r on ,s ha rpen ing t o o l? B e tween w a i s t a nd l e f t a rm , p a ra l le l t o b ody , p o in t t owa rd s h ead .*

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L . 1 . 80m m in . ( e a s t e nd d e s t royed b y p ipe t r en ch ) , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 15m . Sma l l a r ea o f c a rbon b e tween l owe rl e g s . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 3 5 y ea r s . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry , h e igh t b e tween 1 . 73 1 .78m . S up ine , l e g sb en to u twa rd s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O n l e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt on o r th -we s t .*

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i s 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L . 1 . 37m , w . 0 . 66m ,d .0 . 13m . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 1 0 15 y ea r s . H e igh t 1 . 14m m in . S ke le ton i np oo r c ond i t ion . S up ine , l i mb ss t ra igh t . G rav eg ood s :

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o unded c o rne r s . L .2 . 18m ,w . 0 . 99m ,d .0 . 43m . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 4 5 y ea r s . S k e le ton c omp le t e . H e igh t b e tween 1 . 85 1 .90m .

2 02

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . S up ine , h ead r o l led t o r i gh t , l e f t h and o n l e f t t h igh . G r ave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . B e tw een w a i s t a nd l e f t a rm , p a ra l le lt ob ody w i th p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* 2 . B uck le? I r on , a tc en t r ew a i s t .

3 . B ead G la s s , q uo i t s haped . O n t o p o f s ku l lw i th 2 . * 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . O nc en t re p e lv i s .* 5 . S tud ? I r on ,o nr i gh tp e lv i s . 6 . W hee l -ornamen t . C i r cu la r , c oppe r a loy . 8 cm l e f to fl e f te l bow .* 7 . K n if e . B e tw een t h igh a nd l e f t a rm , p o in t t owa rd sh ead .*

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s6 0° . G rav es ub rec tangu la r , I .2 . 00m m in . ( l ow e r e nd o fg r ave d e s t royed ) , w . 1 . 07m , d . 0 . 13m . D oub le i n huma t ion , t wo s k e le ton s , o ne a bove t h eo t he r . 6 3A ( Lowe r ) : P robab l e a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton p a r t ia l ly r emoved b y u ppe r b u r ia l , s ku l l p l a ced b e tween l e g s o f u ppe r b u r ia l . H e igh t 1 . 22m m in . P robab ly s u p ine . N og r ave g ood s . 6 3B ( Uppe r ) : P robab l e a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . A ged a bou t3 4y ea r s . I n comp le te s k e le ton , l ow e r l e g s d e s t roy ed . H e igh t 1 . 22m m in . S up ine ,h ead r o l led t ol e f t , l i mb ss t ra igh t . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L . 1 . 42m m in .( e a s te nd d e s t royed ) ,w . 0 . 92m ,d .0 . 32m . A du l t , p robab le f ema le . S ke le ton p a r t ia l ly c omp le t e , h e igh t 1 . 22m m in . S up ine , h ead t o l e f t , l e g sf l exed s l igh t ly t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K ey . I r on , t o ge the rw i th t h e o b jec t s l i s ted b e low ,b e low l ef tf emu r .* 2 . K n if e .* 3 . T oo l . I r on , s h a rpen ing t o o l .* 4 . R ing . I r on .* 5 . P u r se -moun t . I r on .* 6 . I r on o b jec t s . x 4 . GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s 5° . G rave p e rf ec t ly r e c tangu la r , w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L . 2 . 03m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 30m . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . S ke le ton i n comp le te a nd p oo r ly p r e se rved , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 52m . S up ine , h ead t or i gh t . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s 5 5° . O u t l ine o f g r ave d e s t roy ed . L . a pp rox . 2 . 03m ,w . 1 . 40m , d .0 . 15m . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . 6 4A ( Sou th ) : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a g ed a bou t 2 8 y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry , l e g s m i s s ing . S up ine , a rm s b en t s l igh t ly o u twa rd s , r i gh ta rm t ou ch ing l ef ta rm o f6 4B . G rav eg ood s : 1 . R ing . S i lve r f i nge r r ing . O n e nd , b y l e f t j aw .* 6 4B ( No r th ) : P robab le a du l tf ema le . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry , h e igh t 1 . 52m m in . S up ine , a rm s b en t s l igh t ly o u twa rd s , r i gh t l e g b en t t ot o uch l e f t . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A ga in s t l ow e r r i gh t a rm , p o in t t o NW . 2 . L a tch l i f t e r . I r on , b e tw een w a i s t a nd r i gh t h and .*

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i s 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L .2 . 03m ,w . 1 . 22m , d .0 . 30m . D oub le i n huma t ion , t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de , p robab ly b u r ied a ts ame t i me . 6 8A ( Sou th ) : Y oung a du l t , s ex n o td e t e rm ined , a ged a bou t 1 5y ea r s . P a r t ia l s k e le ton ,h e igh tc . 1 . 52m . S up ine , h ead t ol e f t , l ef ta rm t o uch ing r i gh ta rm o f6 8B . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t .* 2 . P u r se -moun t . I r on ,O nr i gh ta rm .* 6 8B ( No r th ) : A du l tm a le , a g ed a bou t3 0y ea r s . P a r t ia l s k e le ton , h e igh t 1 . 75m . S up ine , l e f t a rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead s . x 2 , t ol e f t o fs ku l l , a th i ghe r l e ve li ng r ave f i l lt h an s k e le ton s .* 2 . K n if e . O n p e lv i s , u nde r l ef ta rm . P o in t t o n o r th -ea s t .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on ,t ol e f to fw a i s t .*

GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s 6 0° . G rave r e c t angu la r w i th r ounded c o rne r s . L .2 . 16m ,w . 1 . 04m , d .0 . 18m . A du l t ma le , a ged a bou t 2 6 y ea r s . S k e le ton p a r t ia l ly c omp le te , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 67m . S up ine , b o th a rm s s l igh t ly b en t o u twa rd s a t e l bow s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead 0 . 23m t ol e f to fs ku l l , p a ra l le l w i th b ody .* 2 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy . O n t o p o f s ku l l , w i th 3 .

GRAVE 6 9 .

2 03

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s . L . 1 . 2 1m ,w .0 . 99m ,d .0 . 25m . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton s s i de b y s i de , p robab ly b u r ied a ts ame t ime . 6 9A ( Sou th ) : A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed a bou t 4 5 y ea r s . Mo s t ly c omp le t e s k e le ton , h e igh ta bou t 1 . 73m . S up ine , r i gh t a rm s l igh t ly b en t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T o l ef t o fs ku l l , b e tw een t h e t wo s k e le ton s . U nce r ta in w h ich s k e le ton i tw a s p l a ced w i th .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* 3 . B ron ze s t a in . A t w a i s t , p robab ly m a rk s p o s i t ion o fc o r roded o rm i s s ing b uck le . 6 9B ( No r th ) : C h i ld , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined , a g ed a bou t 5y ea r s . I n comp le t e s k e le ton , h e igh t a bou t 0 . 92m . O n r i gh t s i de , o ne l e g s l igh t ly f l exed . F a c ing a du l t . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B yr i gh tw a i s t ,p o in t ing e a s t .*

GRAVE 7 4 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L .2 . 18m ,w . 0 . 96m , d .0 . 20m . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . L ef ta rm a nd k nee j o in t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A t a bou t l e f t s hou ld e r , p o in t t o s ou th -we s t .* GRAVE 7 5 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r . L . 2 . 2 1m , w . 1 . 22m ,d .0 . 28m . D oub le i n huma t ion , t wo s ke le ton s a d ja cen t , a t a ng le st oe a ch o t he r . 7 5A ( Sou th ) : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged 2 5 3 0 y ea r s . S ke le ton l a rge ly c omp le t e , h e igh t 1 . 68m . S up ine e x tended , a rm s b en t s l igh t ly o u twa rd s . G rave g ood s : I .K n if ea nd c ha te la ine l ink A tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . I r on b a r s . S eve ra l ,s ma l l , e nc i r c l ing w a i s t . 3 . I r on o b j ec t s . C o r roded , p o s s ib ly b ox f i t t ing s . T on o r th o fs k e le ton .* 7 5B ( No r th ) : C h i ld , s e x n o t d e t e rm in ed , a ged a bou t 5y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen t a ry , h e igh t a bou t0 . 84m . S up ine e x t ended . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .*

GRAVE 7 0 . A x i s 7 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s ( e a s t e nd d amaged ) . L . 1 . 40m , w . 0 . 60m ,d .0 . 13m . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined , a ged a bou t 5 10 y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry , h e igh t a t l e a s t 0 . 76m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s 5 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th s l igh t ly r o unded c o rne r s . L . 1 . 83m , w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 4 1m . T wo p a t che s o fc a rbon m ay h ave b een r ema in so fc off in . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 2 1 y ea r s . S k e le ton l a rge ly c omp le te , h e igh t 1 . 65m . S up ine e x tended , h ead t or i gh t , a rm s a c ro s sw a i s tw i th h and st o g e the r . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 1 . A x i s 5 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L .1 . 70m ,w . 0 . 96m ,d .0 . 20m . Y oung a du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a ged a bou t 1 5 y ea r s . S l igh t t r ace s o fs k e le ton , h e igh t 1 . 27m m in . S up ine ,e x t ended . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 7 ,a tl e f ts hou lde r .* 2 . I r on o b jec t . A tl ef te l bow .*

GRAVE 7 . A x i s 5° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L .2 . 03m ,w . 1 . 22m ,d .0 . 46m . P robab ly h ad w ood en c off in . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 6 -35 y ea r s . S k e le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion , h e igh t 1 . 88m . S up ine e x tended ,h ead r o l led o n to c he s t , r i gh th and o n r i gh tt h igh , l e f tl owe ra rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . O nl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt os ou th -ea s t .* 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,a tr i gh tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 7 2 . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s . L . 1 . 34m ,w . 0 . 58m ,d .0 . 18m . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined , a ged a bou t 5 10 y ea r s . S i ng le l o ng b one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead . GRAVE 7 3 . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L .2 . 24m ,w .0 . 96m ,d .0 . 31m . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t2 5 -30 y ea r s . S k e le ton l a rg e ly c omp le te , h e igh t 1 . 73m . S up ine e x t ended . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead N o r th o fl e f ts hou lde r .* 2 . K n if e . A tr i gh tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .*

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i s 6 5 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o unded c o rne r s . L .1 . 02m ,w . 0 . 63m , d .0 . 15m . P robab le c h i ld , s e x n o td e te rm ined , a g ed a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s :

2 04

A pp end ix 2 :S i t e sD -F . 1 .B ead . G r een ,a tc he s tp o s i t ion . GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s 7 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l c u t c or n e r s . L .2 . 26m , w . 0 . 89m , d .0 . 4 1m . G rav e d i s tu rbed ,p robab ly i na n t iqu i ty . D oub le i n huma t ion , b one s o f t wo s k e le ton s m ixed i nb ackf i l l . 8 3a : A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . B one sd i s tu rbed i nb ackf i l l . 8 3b : C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a g ed a bou t 2 y ea r s . B one sd i s tu rbed i nb ackf i l l . G rave g ood s( i nb ackf i l l ) : 1 . S cabba rd -chape . C oppe r a loy , p o s s ib ly f r om s e ax .* 2 . I r on o b jec t .

GRAVE 7 9 . A x i s 8 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r ounded c o rne r s . L . 2 . 13m , w . 0 . 8 1m , d . 0 . 38m . C ompac tc ha lk p ack ing o na l s i de s ,p l u st r a ce s o f b l a ck s ub s t ance , s ugge s t c offm , 1 . 75m b y 0 . 56m . P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . T ra ce s o f l o ng b one sa nd t e e th o n ly . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . A bou tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t .* 2 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th c oppe r a loy p l a t e . A t a bou tr i gh tw a i s t . GRAVE 8 0 . A x i s 4 5° . G rav e r e c tangu la r w i th s l op ing s i d e s . L . 1 . 17m ,w . 0 . 61m ,d .0 . 36m . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . S ku l la nd l e go n ly . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 8 4 . A x i s 5 0° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l cu t c or ne r s a t t o p , t a pe r ing t owa rd s b a se . L . 2 . 13m ,w . 0 . 86m ,d .0 . 28m . A du l tm a le , a ged 1 8 -22 y ea r s . S k e le ton l a rg e ly c omp le t e , h e igh t 1 . 73m . S up ine e x t end ed , a nk le s c r o s sed , a rm s s l igh t ly b en t w i th h and s o nt h igh s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . B e tween w a i s t a nd l e f ta rm ,w i th 6 . * 2 . S ear . B enea th r i gh t a rm , p o in t t owa rd s f e e t , h and le b ys hou lde r . 3 . R ing . I r on ,a tw a i s t . 4 . I r on o b jec t s . B yr i gh ta rm . 5 . K n if e . B e tween w a i s ta nd l e f ta rm .*

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s . L .2 . 03m ,w . 1 . 02m ,d .0 . 25m . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de , l e f t a rm o f o ne c r o s s ing r i gh t a rm o f o t he r . P robab ly b u r ied a ts ame t ime . 8 1A ( Sou th ) : A du l t , p robab ly m a le . P a r t ia l s k e le ton , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 68m . S up ine e x t ended , h ead t o r i gh t , l e f t a rm b en t a c ro s s a rm o f8 1B . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . T or i gh to fs k u l l .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* 3 . I r on o b jec t . U nde rr i gh tp e lv i s . 8 1B ( No r th ) : Y oung a du l tm a le . F ragmen ta ry s k e l e ton , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 30m . S up ine e x t ended . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 8 5 . A x i s 5 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r . L . 2 . 08m , w . 0 . 81m ,d .0 . 30m . A du l tm a le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . S ke le ton a lmo s t c omp le te , h e igh t b e tween 1 . 73 1 .78m . S up ine e x tended , l ef ta rm b en tw i th h and o nt h igh . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T ol ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . B uck le ( ? ) . I r on , o np e lv i s .* 3 . S e ca . A c ro s s r i gh t t h igh w i th h and le b y r i gh te l bow ,p o in tt on or th -ea s t .* 4 . K n if e . B yl e f th and ,p o in tt on o r th .* 5 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , o ve r b l a ck p a t ch ( l ea the r ? ) ,t on o r th o fl e f ta rm .* 6 . P u r se -moun t a nd f i t t ing s . I r on m oun t a nd 2c oppe r a loy f i t t ing s o f p u r se . O ve r b l a ck p a tch ( l ea the r ? ) .*

GRAVE 8 2 . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s ,e a s te nd c u tb ym ode rn p i pe t r ench . L . 1 . 98m ,w . 1 . 07m ,d .0 . 36m . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . 8 2A ( Sou th ) : A du l t f ema le , a g ed 1 8 -25 y ea r s . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , h e igh t o ve r 1 . 52m . S up ine e x tended , h ead t o l e f t , a rm s s l igh t ly b en t . N og r ave g ood s . 8 2B ( No r th ) : C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 22m . S up in e e x tended , h ead t o r i gh t , a rm s s l igh t ly b en t w i th r i gh t a rm o ve r lapp ing l e f t a rm o f 8 2A . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt os ou th .*

GRAVE 8 6 . A x i s 8 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L . 2 . 08m , w . 0 . 81m , d . 0 . 36m . R ece s sc u ti n to n o r th s i de o fg r ave . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne a du l t s k e le ton u nd i s tu rbed , o ne c h i ld i nr e ce s s o n n o r th s i de

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . o f g r ave . A du l t 's b u r ia l m ay h ave d i s tu rbed e a r l ie ro ne o fc h i ld . 8 6A ( Sou th ) : A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a g ed a bou t 5 0 y ea r s . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry , h e igh t 1 . 63m . S up ine e x tended ,h and so nt h igh s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead . Y e l low . N o r th o fl e f ta nk le . 2 . B ead s . x 2 ,n o r th o fs ku l l .* 8 6B ( No r th ) : C h i ld , s ex n o td e te rm ined . O n ly t h r ee d i s tu rbed l o ng b one s . N og r ave g ood s .

i n te rna l d i ame te r 3 . 35m , w id th 0 . 30m . C au seway o n e a s t s i de , w id th 0 . 76m . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r ounded c o rne r s . L . 2 . 21m , w . 0 . 79m , d .0 . 48m . C ompa c t c ha lk p a ck ing o na l s i de s ,o u t l ine o fw ooden c off in 1 . 83m b y 0 . 43m . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 3 0 y ea r s . S ke le ton c omp le t e , h e igh t 1 . 73m . S up ine e x tended , h ead t ol e f t , l owe ra rm so np e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . U nd e rl e f te l bow ,p a ra l le lw i th b ody .

GRAVE 8 7 . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th s l igh t ly r ounded c o rne r s . L . 1 . 37m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 25m . C oa r se p o t she rd i nf i l l ing . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 5 10 y ea r s . S k e le ton i n comp le t e , h e igh t a t l e a s t 0 . 9 1m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 2 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave r e c t angu la r w i th r ound ed c o rne r s . L .2 . 13m ,w . 0 . 79m , d .0 . 48m . C ha lk p a ck ing o n a l l s i d e s s ugge s t s c of f in 1 . 73m b y 0 . 43m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 5 y ea r s . S k e le ton a lmo s t c omp le te , h e igh t 1 . 58m . S up ine f l ex ed , h ead t or i gh t , r i gh t l e gs l igh t ly b en t , l e f tl e gb en t9 0 ° w i th k nee a c ro s s r i gh t f emu r . E v id ence o f o s teoa r th r i t i s . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s 4 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s . L . 1 . 58m , w . 0 . 8 1m , d . 0 . 30m . P o s i t ion o f s k e le ton s ugge s t ed p r e sence o f c of i n ,b u tn ot r a ce sf ound . J uven i le m a le , a ged 1 2 16 y ea r s . S ke le ton l a rg e ly c omp le te , h e igh t 1 . 63m . S up ine , h ead r o l led o n to c he s t , l e g s s t ra igh t b u t a ng led t o l e f t , l owe rl e f ta rm s t ick ing u pa bove p e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . U nde r r i gh t w a i s t , p a ra l le l w i th b ody .*

GRAVE 9 3 . A x i s 1 00 ° . P r ima ry i nb a r row . Mound g one , g r ave e nc lo sed b y s ha l low V shaped d i t ch , i n t e rna l d i ame t e r3 . 35m , w id th 0 . 51m . E a s t er n s i de d e s t royed b y r e se rvo i r , s o u nc lea r i fd i t ch w a s p enannu la r . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o unded c o rne r s . L . 2 . 29m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 51m . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton i n comp le te , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 53m . S up in e e x tended ,r i gh ta rm a c ro s sw a i s t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . B y l e f t t h igh , p a ra l le l w i th b ody , p o in tt owa rd sh ead .*

GRAVE 8 9 . A x i s 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s . L . 1 . 95m ,w . 0 . 99m , d .0 . 36m . A du l t m a le , a ged 1 8 -25 y ea r s . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved , h e igh t 1 . 68m . S up ine e x t ended , h ead r o l led t ol e f t ,r i gh th and o nt h igh . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt on o r th -ea s t .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,o nr i gh tp e lv i s .*

GRAVE 9 4 . A x i s 5° . P r ima ry (? ) i nb a r row , m ound g one . E nc lo sed b y c i rcu la r d i t ch w h ich a l so e nc lo sed g r ave 9 5 . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c or n e r s . L . 1 . 22m ,w . 0 . 64m , d .0 . 20m . P robab le c h i ld , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined , a g ed a pp rox . 1 5 y ea r s . N ob one ss u rv iv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . S i lve r ,n ea rw e s te nd o fg r av e . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . C omp le te , h and -made , i n n o r th -ea s tc o rne ro fg r ave .*

GRAVE 9 0 . A x i s7 0 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L . 1 . 90m ,w . 0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 33m . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . S k e le ton c omp le te , h e igh t a t l e a s t 1 . 60m . S up ine e x t ended ,h ead t or i gh t ,r i gh th and a c ro s st h igh . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tc en t re w a i s t ,p o in ts ou th -w e s t . 2 . C omb? B one ,w i th s i xi r on r i ve t s . B e tween r i b sa nd r i gh ta rm . V e ry f r agm en ta ry .

GRAVE 9 5 . A x i s 6 0 ° . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave e nc lo sed b y c i r cu la r s ha l low d i tch ( d i t ch m i s s ing o n n or th a nd s ou th s i de s ) , w h ich a l so e nc lo sed g r av e 9 4 . I n ter na l d i ame te r o fd i t ch b e tw een 3 . 66 a nd 4 . 57m . G rave r e c tangu la r . L . 2 . 2 1m ,w .0 . 9 1m ,d .0 . 46m .

GRAVE 9 1 . A x i s 1 05° . P r ima ry i nb a r row . Mound g one , g r ave e nc lo sed b y s ha l low p enannu la r d i tch ,

2 06

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . 9 5A ( Sou th ) : A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S k e le ton c omp le te , h e igh t 1 . 65m . S up ine e x t ended , h ead t o l ef t , r i gh t a rm a c ro s s w a i s t , l e f ta rm b en tt os i de w i th h and o np e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e? A tr i gh tw a i s t . 2 . L a tch l i f ie r . I r on ,b yr i gh tt h igh .* 3 . B ead s . x 4 ,b yl e f tc o l la rb one .* 9 5B ( Nor th ) : C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm in ed , a ged p r obab ly 5 10 y ea r s . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 07m . S up ine , l e g s s l igh t ly f l exed , l ef ta rm a c ro s sw a i s t . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on ,o np e lv i s .*

T r ip le i n huma t ion , t h r ee s ke le ton s l y ing p a ra l le l , w i th t h e c en t ra l s k e le ton o ve r ly ing t h e o t he rt wo . 9 9A ( Sou th ) : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton l a rge ly c omp le te ,h e igh ta bou t 1 . 60m . O n l e f t s i de , l e g s f l exed t ol ef t , r i gh t a rm b en t d oub le o n s i de . H ead t o uch ing s hou lde r o f c en t ra ls k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s . 9B ( Cen t re ) : A du l t m a le , a ged a t l e a s t 5 0 y ea r s . S k e le ton c omp le te , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 73m . S up ine , r i gh t a rm b y s i de o ve r s ou th s k e le ton , l e f t a rm s t ra igh t b y s i de , l e g s b en t d oub le s p layed o u to ne ach o t he r . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tr i gh tw a i s t ,p o in tt on o r th .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,o nl owe rl e f ta rm .* 9 9C ( Nor th ) : A du l t f ema le , a ged 1 8 -26 y ea r s . S ke le ton c omp le te , h e igh t 1 . 68m . O n r i gh t s i de , h ead r e s t ing o n h and s , l e g s f l exed t o r i gh t . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 6 . A x i s 5 0° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L . 1 . 14m , w . 0 . 66m , d .0 . 35m . Two p o t te ry s he rd s( one o fS am ian )i nf i l l . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , p r obab ly 1 5 y ea r s o l d . S l igh tt r a ce o fs ku l lo n ly . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 00 . A x i s 10 ' . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r ounded c o rne r s . L . 1 . 32m m in . ( e a s t e nd u nde r r e se rvo i rc ompound ) ,w .0 . 61m ,d .0 . 56m . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a ged p robab ly 5 10 y ea r s . P a r t ia l s k e le ton , h e igh t a bou t 0 . 99m . S up ine e x tended . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 7 . A x i s6 0 ° . G rave s ub rec tangu la r . L . 1 . 62m ,w . 0 . 97m ,d .0 . 28m . Y oung a du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed a bou t 1 5 y ea r s . S k e le ton i n comp le t e , h e igh t b e tw een 1 . 22 1 .52m . S up ine , l e g s f l ex ed s l igh t ly t o r i gh t ,h ead t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T o n o r th o fs ku l l , s h af t o ve r l e f ta rm .* 2 . K n if e . O nl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt on o r th -ea s t . 3 . P in? I r on ,b yr i gh tw a i s t ,p o in tt oe a s t . 4 . B uck l e -p la te? C oppe r a loy , b y r i gh t w a i s t .

GRAVE 1 0 1 . A x i s 5 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t c o rne r s . L .1 . 90m ,w . 1 . 04m , d .0 . 23m . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 3 5 y ea r s . S ke le ton l a rg e ly c omp le t e . S up ine e x tended ,r i gh ta rm b en tw i th h and o nw a i s t . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 8 . A x i s 1 00° . P r ima ry i nb a r row . Mound g one , g r ave e nc lo sed b y s ha l low p enannu la r d i t ch , i n t er na l d i ame te r 3 . 35m , w id th 0 . 46m . C au seway o n e a s t s i de , 0 . 76m w ide . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r ounded c o rne r s . L . 2 . 34m , w . 0 . 81m , d . 0 . 58m . C ha lk p a ck ing o n a l s i de s ,s ugg e s t ing c off in 1 . 96m b y0 . 43m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged a tl e a s t 5 0 y ea r s . S ke le ton c omp le te , h e igh t a t l e a s t 1 . 52m . S up ine e x t ended ,h and so nt h igh s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef to fc he s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead . GRAVE 9 9 . A x i s 6 0' . G rave s ub -c i rcu la r . 1 . 58m , d .0 . 48m .

GRAVE 1 02 . A x i s 5 0 ° , G rave r e c tangu la r . L . 2 . 21m m in . ( e a s te nd n o tf ound ) ,w . 1 . 55m ,d .0 . 43m . D oub le i n huma t ion , t wo s k e le ton s l y ing t o g e the r ,p robab ly b u r ied a ts ame t ime . 1 02A ( Sou th ) : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a g ed a bou t 2 0 y ea r s . S ke le ton i n comp le te , h e igh t 1 . 78m . S up ine , h ead t or i gh t , l e f t a rm a c ro s s w a i s to f1 02B , l e g sf l exed s l igh t ly t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 10 ,b enea th c h in .* 2 . B ead . T os ou th u ppe ra rm .* 3 . R ing s . x 5 , s i lve r . B enea th c h in , n ex t t o b ead s .* 4 . K n if e . A t l e f t w a i s t , u nde r l e f t e l bow , p o in tt os ou th . 1 02B ( No r th ) : A du l t m a le . I n comp le t e s k e le ton , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 68m . O n l ef t s i d e ,

L . 1 . 83m , w .

2 07

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . w i th b ack t o 1 02A , l e g s f l ex ed s l igh t ly t ol e f t . R igh ta rm b en t9 0 °t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O n s ku l l , w i th s haf t a l ong b ody .* 2 . K n if e a nd s ha rpen ing t o o l . N o r th o f w a i s t ,p o in t sn o r th a nd s ou th .* 3 . B ox -f i t t ing s . I r on c o rne rb r a cke t s a nd i r on h and le . A tf e e t . 4 . B ead s . x 2 ,n o r th o fl ow e rl e g s .*

r e c tangu la r , w i th r ounded c o rne r s . L . 1 . 83m , w . 0 . 86m , d .0 . 33m . C ha lk r ubb le p a ck ing o n a l s i de s s how s o u t l ine o f c of f in , 1 . 40m b y 0 . 31m . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined , a ged a bou t 8y ea r s . P a r t ia l s k e le ton , h e igh t p robab ly a bou t 1 . 22m . S up ine e x t ended ,h ead t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead . 2 . B uck l e . O nl e f th i p .*

GRAVE 1 0 3 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave p robab ly r e c tangu la r . L . 1 . 55m m in . ( e a s t e nd c u t b y b u l ldoz e r ) , w . 1 . 04m ,d .0 . 08m . G rave b ad ly d i s tu rbed . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . 1 03A ( Sou th ) : A du l t ,p o s s ib ly f ema le , a g ed 1 7 2 5 y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry , h e igh ta tl e a s t 1 . 37m . S up ine , l e f t l e g s t ra igh t , r i gh t l e g b en t 9 0 ° . U ppe ra rm a c ro s su ppe ra rm o f1 0 3B . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,a tr i gh tw a i s t .* 1 03B ( No r th ) : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a g ed 1 7 -25 y ea r s . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry , h e igh t a t l e a s t 1 . 45m . S up ine , l e g s b en t s l igh t ly o u twa rd s ,h ead t or i gh t . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on ,o n l e f tp e lv i s .* 2 . K n if e . B e tween w a i s ta nd l e f ta rm .*

GRAVE 1 07 . A x i s 9 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , w i th r o unded c or n e r s . L . 1 . 07m , w . 0 . 66m , d . 0 . 30m . C oa r se p o ts h e rd i nf i l l ing . C h i ld ,s e xn o td e te rm ined , p robab ly a g ed a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . N ob one ss u rv ived . N og r ave g ood s .

V I . E xcava ted b y KARU , 1 978 . GRAVE 1 08 . A x i s2 75° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , 1 .1 . 95m , w . 1 . 10m ,d .0 . 20m ( m in . ) . D oub le i n huma t ion , s k e le ton s s i de b y s i de . P robab ly b u r ied a ts ame t ime . 1 0 8A ( s ou th ) : A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S up ine , e l bow s s p layed o u twa rd s , r i gh t l e g b en t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,a tc en t r ew a i s t . 3 . O b j ec t . C oppe r a loy , a bov e r i gh t s hou lde r . 4 . H one . S and s tone . A t e a s t e nd o fg r ave , n o tc l ea rw h ich s k e le ton t h i s a ccompan ied .* 1 08B ( n o r th ) : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . O n r i gh t s i de w i th l e g s s l igh t ly f l exed . L ef t a rm b en t ,e l bow o ve r l ie sr i gh te l bow o f1 0 8A . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 1 04 . A x i s 8 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , w i th r o und ed c o rne r s . L .1 . 88m ,w . 0 . 74m ,d .0 . 25m . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined , a ged a bou t 7y ea r s . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . L a tch l if t e r . I r on . A ta bou tl e f tw a i s t .* 2 . K n if e? A ta bou tl e f tw a i s t . 3 . H ook? I r on . A ta bou tl e f tw a i s t . GRAVE 1 05 . A x i s 6 5° . G rave r e c tangu la r , w i th r o unded c o rne r s . L .1 . 85m ,w . 0 . 76m ,d .0 . 28m . A du l t , p o s s ib ly f ema le , a g ed o ve r 4 5 y ea r s . S k e le ton d i s jo in ted , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 78m . S up ine , h ead t o l ef t , r i gh t a rm b en t a c ro s s w a i s t , l e g sb en t d oub le . S k e le ton ' b un ched ' a t e a s t e nd o fg r ave . B ody m ay h ave s l ipped t o e nd o f ac of in d u r ing b u r ia l . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 09 . A x i s 6 3° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th s l igh t ly r o unded c o rne r s . L . 1 . 60m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 10m ( m in . ) . A du l t , p r obab ly f ema le . S up ine , r i gh t l e g f l exed . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rv ed a nd i n comp le te . S ku l lm i s s ing . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 06 . A x i s 1 20 ° . P r ima ry i nb a r row . Mound g one . G rav e e nc lo sed b y s ha l low V shaped p enannu la r d i tch , i n t er na l d i ame te r 3 . 35m , w id th 0 . 46m . E a s t er n c au seway 1 . 22m w id e . R ec tangu la r p i t j u s t i n s ide c au seway , w h ich p robab ly h e ld m emo r ia l p o s t . G rave

GRAVE 10 . A x i s 7 2 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o unded c or n e r s . L .2 . 03m ,w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 30m ( m in . ) . A du l t , p r obab ly m a le . S up ine e x t end ed , h ead t ol e f t ,r i gh ta rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . G rave g ood s :

2 08

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . S pea rhead A t f oo t o fg r ave , o n l e f ts i de , p o in tt owa rd se a s t . S wan ton t y pe C 3 .* 2 . S ear . A c ro s s l e f ta rm .* 3 . P o t tery v e s se l . A bove r i gh t s hou lde r . H andmade g l obu la rj a r .*

I . R e scue e xcava t ion , a head o fp ipe t r ench 1 976 . S .C . Hawke s . ( GRAVES 1 36 . ) Awa i t ing p ub l ica t ion . M . We lch .

GRAVE 11 . A x i s 9 4 ° . C or n e r s r ounded a t e a s t e nd , s qua r ed a tw e s t . L . 1 . 90m , w . 0 . 50 -0 .64m , d . 0 . 30m ( m in . ) . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S up ine e x t end ed , l e g s c r o s sed a ta nk le s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O n l e f t s hou lde r , p o in t t o w e s t . S wan ton t y pe E 3 .* 2 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t .*

I . R e scue e xcava t ion a head o f b y p a s s , 1 989 . KARU . ( GRAVES 3 7 -77 . ) Awa i t ing p ub l ica t ion , R e scue U n i t .

K en t

A r cha eo log ica l

1 01 . E as t ry I V, E as t ry M i l l .

V I I . E xcava ted b y KARU , 1 984 .

I .D i scovered 1 967 .

( GRAVES 12 -200+? . ) Awa i t ing p ub l ica t ion , K en t R e scue U n i t .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave i nf a ce o fc ha lk -p i t . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . S ma l l .

A r chaeo log ica l

9 9 . E as t ry I ,E as t ry House .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave i nf a ce o fc ha lk -p i t . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s .

I . F ound O c tober -November 1 970 , d ur ing d igg ing o fd ra in t r ench . S .C . H awk e s .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave i nf a ce o fc ha lk -p i t . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave d e t e rm ined . G r ave b ad ly d i s tu rbed b yw a t e rp i pe s . P robab le j uven i le f ema le . L ef t c l av ic le , t i b ia a nd s ku l lf r agmen to n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . O n c he s t a r ea . J ewe l led g i l t b r onze s qua r e -headed .* 2 . S tud F ound i n b a ck -f i l l d u r ing r e e x cava t ion . J ewe l led b ronz e . P robab ly w a s o r ig ina l ly p a r to f( 1 ) .* 3 . D i sc . F ound n ea r ( 1 ) . J ew e l led s i lve r a nd g o ld . May h ave b een a t tach ed t ob ow o f( 1 ) .* 4 . O rnamen t . F ound o n l owe r c he s t . S hee t s i lve rc r e scen t ic o rnamen t .* 5 . P in -a t tachmen t . Tw in b r onz e l u g s a nd i r on b o l ta nd b a ck o fp i n . U nc l ea ri fo r ig ina l ly p a r t o f( !) . 6 35 . B ead s . x 30 . No . 1 9 f o und a th i p , n o s . 2 0 -34 f ound u nde rc l av ic le . L oca t ion o fo t he r s u n c lea r . A l lg l a s s .* 3 6 . K n if e . A t l ef t h i p . C o r roded a nd i n comp le te .*

GRAVE 4 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave i nf a ce o fc ha lk -p i t . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 5 . A x i s NW -SE . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 6 . A x i s NW -SE . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 7 . A x i s NW -SE . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . N og r ave g ood s .

1 00 . E as t ry I l , Updown .

2 09

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F .

1 07 . E ynsford /Farn inqham I . I .

I . F ound d igg ing .

1 853 ,

d ur ing

g rave -

D i scovered 1 901 . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ex a nd a g e o fs k e le ton n o t d e te rm in ed , o n ly f r on ta lb one o fs ku l lf o und . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s sv e s se l . G r een g l a s sc up .

( GRAVE 1 ) . A x i sE -W . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . S k e le ton p robab ly e x tended s up ine ,a rm sa t s i d e . N og r ave g ood s .

11 . F aversham I ,K ing 's F i e ld .

1 09 . F arn inqham I ,C har ton Manor .

I .F ound c .1 874 . J .B ren t . I . E xcava ted March -Apr i l 1 940 . E . G reenf ie ld . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 . A d jacen tt oR oman i n huma t ion . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 50 . 2 . R ing . W i r e . 3 . B i l l -hook I r on . 4 . S pea rhead 5 . A rm i l lae ' . x 2 , i r on , b roken .

S k e le ton v e ry

GRAVE 2 . G rave p a r t ly d e s t royed b yf a rm w o rke r s . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . L ow e r p a r t o f s k e le ton o n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . ' Sma l l ' .

I . F ound F ebruary 1 874 . J .B ren t . GRAVE 2 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 230 . 2 . G la s sp i ece . R uby c o lou red . 3 . P end an tf ragmen t? D e sc r ibed a s " sma l l s ub s tance o f g r ey i sh -b lue w i th a f l ow e r l ike d e s ign u pon i t " . 4 . B rac t ea te . G o ld . 5 . B rooch . C i rcu la r ,d i ame te r4 2nun .

GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rv ed . S ku l l ' p e rf ec t ' . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . ' Sma l l ' . GRAVE 4 . A x i sW -E . A du l t m a le , s up ine e x t ended . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . L eaf shaped b l ade , S wan ton 's t y pe C 2 . 2 . S ea x . N a r row b l ade . 3 .S h ie ld -bo s s . C on ica l , E v i son t y pe 3 b . 4 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 2r i ve t s .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s NW -SE . N o d e ta i l s o fg rave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd 2 .B uck l e . G i l t -coppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue l o op ,t r i angu la rp l a te i n la id w i th g l a s so rg a rne t s e t t ing s .* 3 . S he l l . F ound u nde r s wo rd , p o s s ib ly i n la id i ns c abba rd . B iva lve ( Ma lc ra S tu l to r um ) . 4 . G la s sf ragmen t . P u rp le , s ma l lt h in p i ece . 5 . F l in t . S ma l l , ' i nc i sed ' . 6 . W he t s tone . Sma l l ,g r een i sh .

I . F ound 1 954 . ( GRAVE 5 . ) N od e ta i l sa bou tg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

13 . F o lkes tone I ,C her ry G arden H i l l .

10 . F aversham I ,C hurchyard .

2 10

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 1 . K n if e . A tl ef tw a i s t . 2 . B ead s . Ambe ra nd g l a s s . 3 . K ey . I r on , i nl ef th and .

I . F ound 1 940 , d ur ing c on s truc t ion o fp i l l -box . W.P .D . S tebb ing . ( GRAVE 1 . ) A x i s NW -SE . S econda ry i n huma t ion i n b a r row . May e qua lg r ave d i s tu rbed c .1 848 . N oh uman b one sr e cove r ed . G rav eg ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry s he rd s . B lack . P o s s ib ly r e s idua l . 2 . ' M i sce l laneou s ' o b jec t s . P o s s ib ly i n c lude s c of f in n a i l s .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 0 . 77m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 68m . S up ine , l e g s a nd l e f ta rm s t ra igh t , r i gh t l owe ra rm b en ta te l bow a c ro s sp e lv i s . S k e le ton m ode ra te ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O ve rf e e t . 2 . S h ie ldfi t ing s . 2 3cm f r om 1 . 3 . K n if e . B yl ef ta r rn . 4 . S pea rhead B yr i gh ts hou lde r .

14 . F o lkes tone I l , Dover H i l l .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s 1 05° . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 0 . 77m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 61m . S up ine , l e g s s t ra igh t , r i gh t a rm s l igh t ly b en t w i th h and o n t h igh , l e f t l owe r a rm b en t a t e l bow a c ro s s p e lv i s . S ke le ton m ode ra t e ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . L a id o nt e e th . 2 . B ead s . x 3 .

I . F ound d ur ing r oad -work s , 1 906 7 . A .E .N icho l s . GRAVE 1 . A x i s 1 33° . G rave a pp rox . 1 . 86m b y 0 . 84m . D ep th a pp rox . 0 . 46m . P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S up ine , l i mb s s t ra igh t . I n comp le te s k e le ton , h e igh t c . 1 . 60m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s 1 33° . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 0 . 77m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 68m . S up ine , h ead t o r i gh t ,a rm sa nd r i gh tl e gs t ra igh t ,p e lv i sa nd l e f t l e gj umb led . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead B yl ef ts hou ld e r . 2 . S t ud Sma l l ,m e ta l . 3 . D i sc . I r on . 4 . K n if e . 5 . S pea rf e r ru le . 7 cm l o ng .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s 1 09 ° . G rav ea pp rox ima t e ly 0 . 31m d eep . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S i te p l an s how s s up ine , c . 1 . 53m o / a l e ng th i n g r ound . P ho tog raph s how sr ema in si nd i sa r ray . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . U nde rl e f tt h igh . 2 . B e l tf i t t ing s . C oppe ra loy . 3 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . U nd e rl e f tt h igh . 4 . K n if e . I nl e f th and . 5 . C o in . R oman . C laud iu s . 6 . C o in . R oman . C on s tan t ine .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s 2 33° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 0 . 6 1m d eep . I mmed ia te ly t o t h e e a s t o f g r ave 3 1 , a nd a ppea r st ob eu nde rg r ave 3 0 . P robab le a du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 6 1m . S up ine , l e g s a nd a rm s s t ra igh t . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 2 . 07m b y 0 . 6 1m ,0 . 46m d eep . A du l t . H e igh t a bou t 1 . 63m . S up ine e x tended . S k e le ton p a r t ia l ly c omp le t e . G rave g ood s : 1 . G i rd l ef i t t ing . 2 . K n if e . T ang o n ly . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . B ead s . x 20 . ' Co lou r ed ' . 5 . S tap l e . I r on . 9 cm l o ng .

GRAVE 9 . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 0 . 77m d eep . S ku l lf r agmen t so n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s 1 40 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 9m b y 0 . 7m , 0 . 92m d eep . S E e nd r emov ed b ym ode rn c u t . A du l t . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 73m . S up ine , l e g s s t ra igh t , r i gh ta rm d ecayed , l e f tl owe ra rm b en t a t e l bow a nd l y ing a c ro s s p e lv i s . H ead

G RAVE 4 . A x i s 1 3 1° . G rave a bou t 1 . 38m d eep . A du l tf ema le , a ged c .3 0y ea r s . S t a tu r e 1 . 62m . E x tended s up ine . S k e le ton m ode ra t e ly p r e se rved . O nd i sp lay ,F o lk e s tone m u seum . G rave g ood s :

2 11

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed , l y ing t o t h e l e f t . Mod e ra t e ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead B yl e f ts hou lde r . 2 . S wo rd A t r i gh t o f b ody , p o in t d ownwa rd s . 3 . R ing . I r on . 4 . K n if e . I no rn ea rl ef th and . 5 . K n if e .

l e f ta rm s l igh t ly b en tw i th h and o nt h igh . We l l p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 15 ,a mbe r ,g l a s s , c ow r ie s h e l l . GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s 1 35° . G rave i regu la r r e c tang le , a pp rox ima t e ly 2 . 07m b y 0 . 51-0 .69m , 0 . 77m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 73m . S up in e , l e g s s t ra igh t m ee t ing a t a nk le s , l ef t a rm s t r a igh t , r i gh t l owe ra rm b en tw i th h and o n t h igh . We l l p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . F ragmen t s . x 3 , i r on . P o s s ib ly k ey . 3 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 4 . B uck l e . I r on . 5 . B ead s . x 53 . G la s s . 6 . K n if e . 7 . S pea rhead N ea rl e f ta rm .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 0 . 74m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 63m . S up ine , h ead t o r i gh t , a rm s s t ra igh t , l e g s s t ra igh t w i th a nk le s n ea r ly t o uch ing . P oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . G rave g ood s : 1 . K ey . I r on , p l u sa s soc ia ted f r agmen t s . 2 . K n if e . I no rn ea rl e f th and . 3 . B ead s . 3a mbe r , u nknown n umbe r s ma l l g l a s s . 4 . S pea rhead 5 . P o in t . ' Sma l l ' , i r on .

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 7 1m b y0 . 5m ,0 . 79m d eep . P robab le c h i ld . S t a tu r e o ve r 0 . 92m . S up ine , a rm s a nd l e g s s t ra igh t , l owe r l e g s d e cay ed . S ke le ton m ode ra t e ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I no rn ea rl e f th and . 2 . K n if e . I no rn ea rl e f th and , 1 0cm l o ng .

GRAVE 1 2 . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 1 . 66m b y 0 . 54m , 0 . 77m d eep . G rave i regu la r ly s haped . P o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . S ku l l a nd u ppe r a rm s o n ly s u rv ived . P robab ly s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Sma l l , r o und -bo t tomed c up . N ea rh ead .* 2 . B ead s . 2a mbe r . 3 . S he l l . C ow r ie? I n s ide m ou th .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s 1 40 ° . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 25m m in imum b y0 . 6 1m , 0 . 92m d eep . P robab le c h i ld . S t a tu r e o ve r 0 . 92m . O n l e f t s i de , l e g s f l exed l e f t . L ef t a rm s t ra igh t w i th h and u nde r t h igh , r i gh t l owe r a rm b en t o v e r p e lv i s . S ke le ton m ode ra te ly p r e se rved . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e . 9 cm l o ng . 3 . B uck l e f i t t ing? ' S i lve r h o ld f a s t f o r b u ck le ' .

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s 1 34 ° . G rave a bou t 1 . 99 b y0 . 46m . A bou t 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l t , p robab le f ema le . E x t ended s up ine , l owe r a rm s o n p e lv i s , l e f t l e g s l igh t ly b en t t o r i gh t . 1 . 63m o / a l e ng th i ng r ound . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A d ja cen tt ol ef tt h igh . 2 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . ( Aven t c l a s s 3 . 2 , c o rpu sn o .9 2 ) . A tt h roa t .* 3 . H ook I r on . 4 . ' P o in t ' . I r on . 5 . R ing . I v o ry ,p robab ly b ag r i ng . 6 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy . 7 . T ex t i l ef ragmen t . F ound b e low b rooch . 8 . B ead s . Ambe r ,p l u sx 3 ' o rnamen ta l ' .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s 1 38 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 84m b y0 . 6 1m , 1 . 22m d eep . A du l t . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , s k u l l a nd l e g so n ly . S up ine , l e g ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . S pea rhead S ocke ta nd p a r to fb l ade . 4 . K n if e . T ang a nd p a r t o f b l ade . ' Ac ro s s b ody ' . 5 . S pea rhead B lade o n ly .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima te ly 1 . 89m b y0 . 54m ,0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 63m . S up ine , l e g s s t ra igh t , m ee t ing a ta nk le s , r i gh t a rm s t ra igh t ,

2 12

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . 6 . F ragmen t s . s h ie ld g r ip .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s 1 44 ° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 2 . 06m b y 0 . 62m , 1 . 07m d eep . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 71m . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . S up ine , h ead t o r i gh t , l e g s s t ra igh t a nd a lmo s t m ee t ing a t a nk le s , a rm ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S eax . 2 . S pea rhead B yl ef ts hou lde r . 3cm l o ng . 3 . F ragmen t . I r on ,p robab ly k n if e . 4 . F ragmen t . ' Ben t i r on f r agmen t w i th l i nk a ta ched ' .

I r on , p o s s ib ly i n c lud ing a

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 72m b y0 . 49m ,0 . 79m d eep . C h i ld . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 15m . S up ine , l e f t l e g s t ra igh t , r i gh t l owe r l e g b en t a t k nee t o l e f t a nk le , a rm s s t ra igh t . S ke le ton m ode ra t e ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B race le t . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . B ead s . S ma l lg l a s s .

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 1 67 ° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 2 . 4m b y 0 . 77m , 1 . 07m d eep . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 73m . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , s ku l l a nd l o ng b one s o n ly . S up ine , l e g s s t ra igh t m ee t ing a t a nk le s , a rm sv e ry s l igh t ly b en tt ot h igh s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t . 2 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . 3 . B uck l e .

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s 2 90 ' . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , a pp rox ima te ly 1 . 25m m in imum b y 0 . 52m , 1 . 22m d eep . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . C rouched o n r i gh ts i de , k nee sd rawn u p t oc he s t , h ead t ot h e e a s t . P oo r ly p r e se rved s k e le ton , s ku l l , l e f ta rm a nd f emu r so n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 2 . 22m b y 0 . 66m ,0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 55m . S k e le ton v e r y w e l lp r e se rved . S up ine , h ead t or i gh t , l e g s a nd r i gh ta rm s t ra igh t , l e f tl owe ra rm b en ta te l bow , h and o ve rp e lv i s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead 2 2cm l o ng . 2 . K n if e . 2 2cm l o ng . 3 . B uck l e . ' Buck le c l a sp ' .

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 2 . 3m b y 0 . 6 1m ,0 . 77m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 68m . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S up ine , h ead t o l e f t , l e g s s t ra igh t m ee t ing a ta nk le s , r i gh t a rm s t ra igh t , l e f t a rm b en ta te l bow w i th h and o np e lv i s . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s 1 22 ' . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 2 . 5m b y 0 . 6 1m ,0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 68m . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S up ine , l e g sa nd a rm ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . ' Sma l l ' .

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s 1 38 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 43m b y0 . 56m ,0 . 46m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 68m . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S up ine , a rm s s t ra igh t , l e f t l e g s l igh t ly d rawn u p t ot h e b ody , k nee f a c ing l e f t . R igh tl e gd r awn u pt ob ody ,u ppe rl e go ve rl e f t f emu ra tl e ve l o fp e lv i s , l ow e rl e gb en t a tk nee , a lmo s tp a ra l le lt of emu r . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . R ing . I r on .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s 1 66 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 9 1m b y0 . 6 1m ,0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l t . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 53m . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S up ine , h ead t or i gh t , l e g s s t ra igh t m ee t ing a ta nk le s ,a rm ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . 2a mbe r , u nknown n umbe r o f g l a s s . 2 . B race l e t . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s 1 39 ° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 1 . 73m b y 0 . 46m ,0 . 92m d eep . A ge a nd s ex n o t k nown . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , s ku l l a nd l o ng b on e s o n ly . S up ine , l e g ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 8 . 5cm l o ng .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s 1 48 ' . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 2 . 5m b y 0 . 6m , 1 . 07m d eep .

2 13

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 43m . S ke le ton m ode ra te ly p r e se rv ed . S ku l l m i s s ing , p robab ly r emoved b y g r ave 3 . S up ine , l e g s a nd l e f t u ppe r a rm s t ra igh t , r i gh t a rm b en ta te l bow a c ro s sa bdomen . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 93m . Mode ra te ly p r e se rved s ke le ton . S up ine , l e g s s t ra igh t w i th l e f t f o o t c r o s sed o ve r r i gh t f o o t , l e f t a rm s t ra igh t , r i gh t l ow e r a rm b en t a c ro s s l ow e ra bdomen . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I no rn ea rr i gh th and . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 3 . B lad e . I r on ,p o s s ib ly s p ea rhead .

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s 1 36 ° . G rave a pp rox ima t e ly 1 . 76m b y 0 . 6 1m . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S t a tu r e a bove 1 . 27m . Mode ra te ly p r e se rved s k e le ton . S up ine , l e g s s t ra igh t , r i gh t a rm b en t a te l bow a c ro s sa bdomen , l ef ta rm s l igh t ly b en t ,h and o n p e lv i s . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s 1 4 1° . G rave a ppea r s t o h ave b een c u t i n to t h e t o p o f g rav e 3 1 , a nd , a l though t h e p r ec i se d e ta i l sa r en o tc l ea r ,g r ave 8a l so . A ge a nd s e x n o tk nown . S t a tu re a bov e 0 . 92m . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , f r agmen t s o f l o ng b one s a nd s ku l l o n ly . S up ine , l e g s a nd a rm s s t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . F ragmen t s .

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s 1 38 ° . G rave a te dg eo fc ha lk p i t . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton m ode ra te ly p r e se rved . S up ine , b o th l e g s s l igh t ly f l exed w i th k nee s t o n or th -ea s t , a rm s b en ta te l bow sa c ro s sa bdomen . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s 2 13° . G rave a pp rox ima te ly 2 . 07m b y 0 . 6 1m . U nde r l ie sg r ave 3 0 , a nd i si mmed ia te ly a d ja cen tt og r ave 8 . A ge a nd s e x n o tk nown . S t a tu r e a bove 1 . 55m . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , s ku l l a nd l o ng b one so n ly . S up ine , l e g sa nd a rm ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . N a i l . I r on . 2 . B uck l e . I r on .

I . F ound d ur ing e xcava t ion s , Apr i l 1 910 . F .G .P ar son s . GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s NW -SE . L owe rh a lf o fg rave r emov ed b y c ha lk q ua r ry . P robab le f ema le . P a r t ia l ly c omp le te s k e le ton , l owe rh a lf d e s t royed . G rave g ood s : I . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . E v i son t y pe l b .3 . T o l e f to fs ku l l .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra loy . 3 . S t ud C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , a pp rox ima t e ly 2 . 45m b y0 . 6 1m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 9 1m . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S up ine , l e g s s t ra igh t , a rm s c r o s sed r i gh t o ve r l e f t , o ve r l owe r a bdomen ,h and so nh i p s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . I mmed ia te ly a d ja cen tl e f te l bow .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s NW -SE . Y oung a du l t ,p robab ly f ema le . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 1 35° . P a r t ia l ly o ve r lay g r av e3 4 . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 53m . S ke le ton m ode ra te ly p r e se rved . S up ine , l e g s a nd l e f t a rm s t ra igh t , r i gh t u ppe r a rm b en t o u twa rd , l owe r a rm b en t a t e l bow a c ro s sa bdomen . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I mmed ia t e ly a d ja cen tl e f tf emu r . 2 . K ey . I r on . 3 . F ragmen t . I r on .

GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s NW -SE . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s NW -SE . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s 1 35° . P a r t ia l ly u nde r lay a nd d i s tu rbed b y g r ave 3 .

15 . F o lkes tone I V , Mar te l lo D a iry F arm . I .

2 14

G rave d i scovered p r e 1970 .

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sD -F .

GRAVE A . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc ( Aven t c l a s s 2 . 10 , c o rpu sn o . 7 1) .* 2 . B ead s . x 74 ,a me thy s ta nd g l a s s .

2 15

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . G rave g ood s : I . S pea rhead 2 5cm l o ng . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on ,w i th d ecayed w ood .

Append ix 2 : C a ta logue o f g raves . ( S i tes G -M ) .

GRAVE 3 . P r ima ry i n b a r row . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . Q uan t i ty o fh uman h a i rs u rv iv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 1 8 cm l o ng , n ea rc en t re o fg r ave .

G rav e e n t r ie s l i s ted i nb r a ck e t s , t h u s ; ( GRAVE # ) ,h av en o tb een i n c luded i nt h ed a taba se . U n le s s s t a ted o t he rw i se , a l g r ave s a r e s i ng le i n huma t ion s . A` * ' a f t e r af i nd e n t ry d eno t e st h a ta n i l u s t ra t ion o ft h a tf i nd h a sb een p ub l i shed .

17 . G i l l ingham I .

GRAVE 4 . P r ima ry i n b a r row . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . H uman h a i r o n h ead . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

I . D i scovered 1 933 , d ur ing c on s truc t ion o f Ho te l . R .F .J e s sup . GRAVE 1 . G rave 0 . 46m b e low g round s u r f a ce . S ex a nd a g e n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton f a i r ly c omp le te . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t ery v e s se l . B roken .

GRAVE 5 . P r ima ry i n b a r row . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . H uman h a i r o n h ead . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 6 . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row l a rge s t i n c eme t e ry , a lmo s t i n c en t re o f c l u s t e r . G rave 1 . 37m d eep . C of in . N or ema in so fs k e le ton s u rv ived . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead 3 8cm l o ng . N ea rh ead . 2 . K n if e . T owa rd sc en t re . 3 . S h i e ld -bo s s . F ragmen t so f .

19 . G i l l ingham I l . I .

F ound 1 800 's .

GRAVE 1 . N od e t a i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . ' Sma l l ' ,c on ica l . 3 . S pea rhead

GRAVE 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave ' s ha l low ' . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . H a i rs u rv iv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .T ex t i l er ema in s . Woo l len .

1 24 . G reenw ich I ,G reenw ich P ark . I . E xcava ted J anuary 1 784 . D oug la s .

J ame s

GRAVE 8 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . N o d e ta i l s o fg r ave r e co rded . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . H a i rs u rv iv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . T ex t i l er ema in s .

GRAVE 1 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . B a r row i nc en t r e o f c l u s t e r . G rave a bou t 0 . 46m d eep . R ema in s o f v e ry t h ick c of in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . I r on ' l ump s ' . S eve ra l . 2 . N a i l s . B road -headed , w ood a dhe r ing , c of i nn a i l s .

GRAVE A . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' a lmo s t c omp r e s s ed t o l e ve l o f p l a in ' , a nd f o o tpa th f r om C romb s -h i l l p a s s ing o ve r i t . G r ave v e ry s h a l low ,a bou t0 . 20m u nde rs u r f a ce . P robab le a du l t , f ema le . B unch o fa ubu rn h a i r s u rv ived . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 . P r ima ry i n' m idd l ing s i z e ' b a r row . N o d e ta i l s o fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded .

2 16

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes G -M . 1 .

B ead s .

x 4 . 2t r anspa ren t d a rk b l ue -g reen

g l a s s , 1 w h i te o paque g l a ss .

o paque

g la ss ,

1 35 . Hoath I ,M i l lbank .

1 b rown red

I .F ound c .1 772 , i ng rave l p i t .

2 . T ex t i le r ema ins . Woo l len c l o th o f h er r ingbone w eave , ' t hroughou t g rave ' . A lso f i ne rl i nen c l o th .

GRAVE 1 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g oods : 1 G la ss v e sse l . G reen g l a ss p ouch b o t t le .

1 27 . H ack ing ton I ,S he lford F arm .

2 . G la ss v e sse l . B o t t le , b roken .

I . F ound c . 1 925 d ur ing d igg ing o f t e s tp i t s a head o fs and q uarry ing .

1 37 . Ho l l ingbourne I , Wh itehea th .

GRAVE 1 .

I . F ound J u ly 2 6 th , 1 842 . B ea le P os te .

No d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g oods : 1 .S pea rhead . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s .

R ev .

GRAVE 1 . x 2 . G i l t -b ronze w i th s i lve r

a pp l iqué s , i n s hape o f b i rds .

C rema t ion , s e conda ry i nb ar row? B urn t h uman s ke le ta l r ema ins i np o t s 1 , 2a nd

BM a cc . n o s .

1 928 , 6 -6 , 1a nd 2 .

3 . G rave g ood s : 1 . F unerary u rn . H em isphe r ica l b ow l w i th u p r igh tr im . B lack f ab r ic .* 2 . F unerary u rn . Sma l l g lobu la r v e s se l w i th w ide mou th a nd u p r igh tr im . B lack f a b r ic .* 3 . F unerary u rn . S ub -b icon ica l u rn w i th

1 30 . H ar r ie tsham I ,P i lgr im 's

I .D i scovered S ep tember 1 925 .

h o l low n eck a nd e ver ted r im . B lack f a b r ic .* 4 . P o t tery v e sse l . Open -mou thed c up . B lack f a b r ic .*

GRAVE 1 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g oods :

1 39 . Hor ton K irby I .

I .

B ead s . x 10 , b lue g l a ss .

2 .

R ing . S i lve r .

3 . 4 .

B race le t . C oppe ra l loy . K ey s .

I .

5 . 6 . 7 .

K n if e . P ar to f . S hear s . W ea v ing s hu t t le . B one .

C oa te s .

F ound May -June 1 867 , d ur ing

d igg ing o f h ouse f ounda t ions .

R .P .

GRAVE 1 . G rave ' s hor t ' .

1 31 . H ar r ie tsham I I , Cour t L odge F arm . I .

No d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g oods . GRAVE 2 . G rave l a rge . N o d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded .

n F ound D ecember 3 1s t 1 933 i

c ha lk p i t .

No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded .

GRAVE 3 . A x is S -N . G rave j us t o ve r 1 . 22m l o ng .

G rave g ood s :

P robab le j uven i le , s ex n o t d e term ined . F l exed ,

1 .B uck le . D oub le tongued .

h ead t ol ef t .

2 . S t rap -end . C opper a l loy . 3 . K n if e .

G rave g oods : 1 . C opper a l loy ' p iece s ' .

4 . R ing . I r on .

2 . ' S hea th ' . On r i b . 3 . R ing . On l ef tp e lv is . I r on .

2 17

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M .

I . E xcava ted 1 937 -8 d ur ing c on s truc t ion o f R i se ley H ou s ing e s ta te . D ar tf ord a nd D i s tr ic t An t iquar ian S oc ie ty .

4 . K ey s . W i th ( 3 ) . 5 . K n if e . W i th ( 4 ) . 6 . S p ind le -whor l . On r i gh ts i de . B one . 7 . B rooch . B e tween j aw a nd c o l la r b one , t ouch ing j aw . C oppe r a l loy i n la id w i th g l a s s (? ) .

GRAVE I . A x i s SW -NE . G rave 0 . 48m w ide , 0 . 6 1m d eep . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . Sma l l f r agmen t s o fb one o n ly . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 . G rave l a rge . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 . A x i sE -W . G rave 1 . 83m l ong . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . s ku l l a nd b one s o n ly . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 5 . G rave s ma l l . C h i ld ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . No g rave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 6 . G rave s ma l l . C h i ld , s ex n o td e term ined . N og rave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 7 . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . S ex a nd a ge n o t d e te rm ined . d i s tu rbed b yp lough ing . N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 . " ESE b y WS W" .

F ragmen t s o f

G rave

F ragmen t s o fc ha rcoa l i nf i l l . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined .

1 . 98m

l o ng .

T race s o fb one s

o n ly . N og rave g ood s . S ke le ton b ad ly

GRAVE 8 . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l t m a le . F emu r 0 . 47m l o ng . u p r igh t ' ,s ku l lm i s s ing . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s NW -SE . F ragmen t s o fc ha rcoa l i nf i l l . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ku l l r a i sed a nd b en ts l igh t ly f o rwa rd . N o g r ave g ood s . ' Neck b one GRAVE 5 . A x i s W-E . C ha rcoa l f r agmen t s i nf i l l . G rave

GRAVE 9 . F ou r i r on n a i ls p o s s ib ly i n d ica te p re sence o f c off in . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . F emu r0 . 43m l o ng .

d i s tu rbed b yw o rkmen . A du l t m a le . S ku l l a nd r i gh t s hou lde r r emoved b yw o rkmen , b u tr e cove red l a te r . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th g r ip a t tached .

G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

2 . 3 .

I . F ound 1 867 . R .P . C oa te s .

GRAVE 6 . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . " A f ew b one s o n ly ; r e -bu r ied" . N o g r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 0 . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , s ex n o td e term ined . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e s se l . R omano -Br i t i sh? A t r i gh t s hou lde r . 2 . C opper a l loy v e s se l . D r ink ing c up . A t l ef t s hou lde r . 3 . P o t tery v e s se l . ' Sma l l ' , b l ack f a b r ic . A t f e e t .

T ag s? C oppe ra l loy , s t rap e nd s? A tw a i s t . K n if e . S ho r t .

( GRAVE 7 . ) N o te xcava ted . GRAVE 8 . " Eb y W" . C ha rcoa l i nf i l l . B one f r agmen t so n ly . N o g rave g ood s . GRAVE 9 . " Eb y W" . C ha rcoa l i nf i l l . B one f r agmen t so n ly . N og rave g ood s .

1 40 . Hor ton K irby I ,R ise ley .

2 18

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . GRAVE 1 7 . " Eb y W" . G rave d i s tu rbed b yt r ench . S ku l la t d ep th o f0 . 66m . A g ea nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 0 . C r ema t ion . N od e ta i ls o fb one r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .U rn . ' S axon ' .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s NW -SE? G rave 0 . 76m w ide , 0 . 66m d eep . I nd r a inag et r ench . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 . C r ema t ion . N od e ta i l so fb one r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . U rn . F ragmen t so f .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s W -E? G rave 1 . 83m l o ng . d r a inage t r ench . D i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l s o fs k e le ton r e co rded . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S word . F ragmen t . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s .

GRAVE 1 2 . C r ema t ion? G rave 0 . 30m w ide b y0 . 30m d eep . C a lc ined a nd " o the rb one s" p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry f ragmen t s . GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s N -S . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r o und ed c o rne r s . L eng th 2 . 13m ,w id th 0 . 92m . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S k e le ton c omp le te , s ku l l r a i sed a nd b en t f o rwa rd . L ef t t h igh b r oken . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 68m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy . A ts hou lde r . 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy . A t o ppo s i t e s hou lde r .

G rave i n

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s W -E? G rave i nd r a inage t r ench . L ong b one so n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd . L eng th 6 7cm , b l ade 5 6cm , b l ade w id th 6 cm . 2 . ' O rnamen t ' . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 2 1 . A x i sW -E? G rave d i s tu rbed? N ob one sr e cove r ed . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . P o in t u pwa rd s , 0 . 20m b e low s u rf a ce . S wan ton t y pe H 2 .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s NNE -SS W . G rave h ad r o unded e nd s . G rave 1 . 88m l o ng . H ead e nd o f g r av e d i s tu rbed b yw o rkmen . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x tended s up ine . U ppe r p a r t o fs k e le ton d i s tu rbed a nd r e -bu r ied b yw o rkmen . G rave g ood s : 1 . Me ta lf i t t ing s . C oppe ra loy . R oman k n if e h and le?

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave v e ry s ha l low . J uv en i le , o r a du l t f ema le . P robab ly f l exed ( " bunched u p" ) , h ead b en t f o rwa rd s t owa rd s r i gh t s hou lde r . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 55m . S ku l l d amaged b yw o rkmen . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . P enannu la rb rooch . Q uo i tB rooch S t y le d eco ra t ion . O nl e f ts hou lde r .* 2 . K n if e . O nl e f tb r ea s t . 3 . B ead s . O nl e f tb r ea s t . 4 . O b jec t? G reen p owde r a bov e r i gh t t h igh j o in t . P robab ly r ema in so fc o r roded o b jec t .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s NNE -SS W . G rave 1 . 88m b y 0 . 6 1m , 0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l t o r y oung a du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . ' Good ' t e e th , f r ag i le b one s . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 60m . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 13m l o ng , a ve rag e w id th 0 . 66m , d ep th b e tween 0 . 92 -0 .99m . T race s o f c ha rcoa l o n b o t tom o f g r av e , a nd " wood a s h a l ong w ho le b a se" . P robab ly r ema in so fc of f in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 3 . " ENE b y WS W " . N ob one sr e cove r ed? G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead GRAVE 2 4 . " ENE b y WS W" . G rave c u tb ym ode rn t r ench . F r agmen ta ry b one so n ly .

2 19

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 3 2 ( r igh t ) : A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . F l exed o nr i gh ts i de . S ku l lp a r t ly c r u shed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead Sma l l ,p a r t ly p e rf o ra ted . 2 . T oo th . N ea rt h igh . 3 . F ru i tp ip? N ea rb r ea s t . 3 ( l ef t ) : C h i ld . V e ry t h in s ku l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . T ee th . N ea rf e e t .

N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 5 . " ENE b y WS W" . R abb i t s ku l l , s t a ined g r een , i ng r ave . G rave c u tb ym ode rn t r ench . V e ry s ma l lf r agmen t so fb one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead P o in t ing u pwa rd s . 2 . S pea rhead Sma l le rt h an 1 ,l y ing f l a t . 3 . O b jec t? P o s s ib le c o r roded c oppe r a loy o b jec t ,s t a in ing r a bb i ts ku l l .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s S E -N W . G rave 1 . 83m l o ng , 0 . 66m w ide , 0 . 74m d eep . R ounded e nd s . G rav e u nde r h ou se f o o t ing s . A du l t o r y ou th , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S up ine e x t ended , h ead b en t f o rwa rd a nd ' c ramp ed ' a t e nd o fg r ave . A rm s c r o s sed o n b r ea s t . S t a t u r e a bou t 1 . 67m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s ENE - WS W . G rave c u tb ym oder nt r ench . C h i ld . V e ry s ma l lb one s , s ku l lc r u shed . G rav eg ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on . GRAVE 2 7 . " ENE b y WS W" . L oo se c ha lk f i l l . G rave c u t b ym oder nt r ench . B one sf r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . O b jec t? G r een s t a in ing p o s s ib ly f r om c o r roded c oppe ra loy o b jec t .

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave v e ry s ha l low . L owe rl e g so n ly . L eg sc r o s sed . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 1 . 65m l o ng , 0 . 4 1m w ide , 0 . 43m d eep a t h ead , 0 . 48m d eep a t f o o t . D i s tu rbed b y w o rkmen . C ha rcoa l f r agmen t s u nde rs ku l l . A ge a nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . S ku l l o n l e f ts i de . R e s to fb one sr emoved b yw o rkmen . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . C oppe r a l loy , c oncave s e c t ion , d i a . 5 cm . 2 . B rooch? C oppe r a loy d i sc , ' t r ac e s o f b r a s s ' ,p o s s ib ly p i na tb ack . 3 . R ing . W i r e ,c oppe ra l loy . 4 . P o t t ery f ragmen t s . P a r t so fb a se a nd b ody o f' d a rk ' v e s se l ,t wo s ma l lr e df r agmen t s . 5 . R ing . ' Sma l l ' , e name l led? 6 . R ing . " G la s so rp o t te ry" . 7 . B ead s . x 12 . 2r e d g l a s s , 1b l u e g l a s s , 7 ' p o t te ry ' , 1c ha lk .

GRAVE 2 8 . " ENE b y WS W " . G rave c u tb ym ode rn t r ench . L eg b one so n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 9 . " ENE b y WS W" . G rave c u tb ym od e rn t r en ch . B one sd i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : I .B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . S k e le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck e t . B i r ch w ood , s t ave b u i l t . C oppe r a l loy f i t t ing so nu ppe rp a r t . GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 0 . 71m d eep . P o s s ib le c h i ld . V e ry t h in s ku l l f r agmen t s a nd t e e th o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .B lad e . K n if eo rs ma l ls p ea rhead ,c o r roded .

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i sW -E . P robab le c h i ld . F r agmen ta ry b one s ,t h in s k u l l . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 7A . A x i sE SE - WN W . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . A g e a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . C omp le t e s k e le ton , p robab ly e x t ended s up ine , a rm s s t r a igh t b y s i de s . B one sv e ry f r ag i le . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . C oppe ra l loy d i sc .

GRAVE 3 2 / 33 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave 1 . 93m l o ng , w id th 0 . 92m a th ead , 0 . 99m a tf o o t . C ha r coa l n ea r h ead a nd f e e to f3 2 . D oub le i n huma t ion . Two s k e le ton s , s i de b y s i de .

20

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . ( GRAVE 3 8 . ) NW -SE? G rave i n m a in w a t e r p r obab ly d e s t royed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 3 9 . ) NW -SE? G rave i n m a in w a t e r p r obab ly d e s t royed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 4 0 . ) NW -SE? G rave i n m a in w a t e r p r obab ly d e s t royed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

" E b y W" . G rave 1 . 59m l o ng , 0 . 36m w ide , 0 . 43m d eep . N o tc omp le t e ly e xcava t ed . S ku l lm i s s ing ,b one sv e ry d ecayed . G rave g ood s : I .B ead ? P a r t ly p e rf o ra t ed . C lay .

t r ench ,

GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s ENE - WS W . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . r i gh ts hou lde rb one m i s s ing . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . B roken . 2 . S p ind le w ho r l .

t r ench ,

S ku l l f r ac tu r ed ,

t r ench , GRAVE 4 8 . " ENE b y WS W" . G rave 1 . 05m l o ng , 0 . 53m w ide ,0 . 7 1m d eep . R ounded c o rne r s . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . Sma l l , b r oken .

GRAVE 4 1 . P r obab le c r ema t ion . " Ad jo in ing g r ave 3 6" . N od e ta i l so fb one r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t tery f ragmen t s . B la ck .

GRAVE 4 9 . " NE b y SW " . G rave 1 . 04m , 0 . 51m w ide , 0 . 74m d eep . R ounded c o rne r s . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l . Sma l l , l y ing o ns i de .

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i sE -W . G r ave 0 . 74m d e ep . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . 4 2A ( l ef t ) : A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x t ended ,h ead t ol ef t , l e f th and o np e lv i s , r i gh t e l bow o ve r l e f t a rm o f4 2B , l owe r r i gh t a rm f l exed , h and o n l owe r a bdomen . S k e le ton r e la t ive ly c omp le te . N og r ave g ood s . 4 2B ( r igh t ) : P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i sN -S? P robab le c h i ld . F ragmen ta ry b one so n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 5 1 . " E b y W" . G rave c u t b y t r ench a nd h ou se f o o t ing s . W id th 0 . 81m , d ep th 0 . 76m . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B one s v e ry d ecayed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 3 . " Eb y W" . P r obab le c h i ld . B one ss ma l la nd d ecayed . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t .

GRAVE 5 2 . " Eb y W" . G rave c u tb yp i pe t r ench . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i sE SE - WN W . B one sf r agmen ta ry , s ku l lc r u shed . G r av eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rr i gh tk nee .

GRAVE 5 3 . W -E? G rave n o t c u t i n to c ha lk . O u t l ine i n de t e rm ina te . C on ten t sm a in ly c ha lk . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave 2 . 03m l o ng , 0 . 66m w id e ,0 . 92m d eep . P r obab le a du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved ," t ee th g ood ,s t rong l owe rj aw " . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rl e f tg ro in .

GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave c u t b y t r ench , a nd d i s tu rbed b y w o rkmen . C ha r coa l a l ong l e ng th o fg r ave . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S ku l l m i s s ing , b u to t he r b one s l a rg e a nd w e l l p r e se rved . L eng th e xc lud ing s ku l l 1 . 75m .

G RAVE 4 6 .

2 2 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . No g rave g ood s .

1 .K n if e . I nt wo p i ece s .

GRAVE 5 5 . A x i s W-E? C ha rcoa l i ng rave , n ea rp o t s . Af ew b one f r agmen t s o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t tery f ragmen t s . F rom t wo v e s se l s .

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave 2 .62m l o ng , 0 . 79m w ide , 0 . 51m d eep . D i s tu rbed b y w o rkmen . C ha rcoa lb e tween s h in b ones . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . L eg s o n ly , r e s t r emoved b yw o rkmen . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . B y l e f tt h igh . 2 . B uck le . B y l ef tt h igh . 3 . N a i l . I r on , b yr i gh ta nk le . 4 . O rgan ic r ema in s . Wood o r t e x t i le , b y r i gh ta nk le .

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 1 . 53m m in . l e ng th , 0 . 92m w ide , 0 . 74m d eep . I n w a te r t r ench , f i nd se xcava ted b yw o rkmen . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld . F i l ig ree a nd c en t ra l g em

GRAVE 6 3 . A x is NW -SE . G rave 1 . 90m l ong , 0 . 5 1m w ide , 0 . 92m d eep . F ragmen t so fc ha rcoa l . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . E x tended s up ine , a rm s s t ra igh t , l e g s c r o s sed a t a nk le s . S ku l l f r ac tu red . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on .

s e t t ing . C ro s sd e s ign .* 2 . B rac tea te . G o ld . A n th ropomorph ic f i gu re .* 3 . P endan t . G o ld . Sma l l , w i th c oncen t r ic c i r c le sa nd s poke s .* 4 . P endan t . G o ld . Whee l d e s ign , w i th c en t ra l b o s s a nd f ou r b o s se s a t o ppo s i te c o rne r s .* 5 . P endan t . S i lve r . S e t w i th p o lych rome g l a s s . 6 . B ead s . x 4 , a me thy s t s . oop 7 . I r on f ragmen t s . N a i l s a nd h a t tachmen t?

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 13m l ong , 0 . 84m w ide . H ead p i l lowed o n af l in t . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . P robab ly s up ine e x tended ,h ead t or i gh t . V ery l a rge t e e th . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 15 , a tn eck . 2 . B race l e t . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . S tone s . x 5 , b e low b race le t . 2 w h i te v e ined q ua r tz , 1f l in tp ebb le , 2p o ro sphae rae . 4 . I r on o b jec t . W i th c oppe r a loy f e r ru le . N ea r l e f tw r is t . 5 . K n if e . L eng th 9 cm .

( GRAVE 5 7 . ) A x i sW -E? B u r ia ld i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 5 8 . A x i sW -E . D i s tu rbed b yw o rkmen . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s WS W -ENE . M in . l e ng th 1 . 45m , 0 . 36m w ide , d ep th 0 . 68m . No t f u l ly e xcava ted , p a r t ia l ly u nde rs hed . D i s tu rbed . F ragmen t so fs ku l la nd t e e th o n ly . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e . ' Sma l l ' , i nt wo p iece s .

( GRAVE 5 9 . ) I nc en t re o fr oad ,d i s tu rbed b yw o rkmen . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 6 0 . P o s s ib le c r ema t ion o rp o s t h o le . B ow l shaped d ep re s s ion ,d i ame te r0 . 4 1m ,d ep th 0 . 48m . N ob one s . G rave g ood s? : 1 . K n if e . P o t te ry f ragmen t s . ' Da rk ' , h and -made .

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i s S SW -NNE . G rave 2 .29m l o ng , 1 . 22m w ide , 0 . 69m d eep . NE c orne r s qua red , o t he r s r ounded . T h ree l a rge f l in t s w i th c ha rcoa l u ndernea th a th ead o fg rave . P o t t e ry a tn or th

GRAVE 6 1 . " ENE b y WS W" . G rave m in . 1 . 45m l o ng , 0 . 36m w ide , 0 . 69m d eep . N o t f u l ly e xcava ted , p a r t ly u nde rc onc re te . B one f r agmen t sa nd t e e th o n ly . G rave g ood s :

c orne ro fg r ave . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s ke le ton p a r t ly o ve r ly ing t h e o the r . 6 6A : A du l tf ema le . O ve r ly ing 6 6B . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 28 . 1a me thy s t , o t he r s g l a s s a nd p a s te . O nr i gh tb rea s t .

2 .

2 22

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 2 . P endan t? H o rn? O nr i gh tb r ea s t . 3 . B e l l s? x 2 ,s i lve r . O nr i gh tb r ea s t . 4 . R ing s . x 2 , f i nge rr i ng s . Tw i s t ed w i re , o ne s i lve r ,o ne c oppe ra loy . O nr i gh tb r ea s t . 6 6B : A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . L a id o ve rb ody . 2 . K n if e . U nde rs h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . S pea rhead A t r i gh t s i de , u nde r 6 6A . S wan ton t y pe H 2 . 4 . P o t ter yv e s se l . A tl e f ts i de . B roken .

GRAVE 7 1 . A x i s E -W . G rave 1 . 37m l o ng , 0 . 46m w ide , 0 . 86m d eep . G rave w e l l c u t w i th r ounded c o rne r s ,b a se h o l lowed t or e ce ive h ead . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 04m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B y l e f te l bow . GRAVE 7 2 . "WN W b y E SE" . G rave 1 . 88m l o ng , 0 . 6 1m w ide , 0 . 7 1m d eep . G rave r ough ly c u t w i th r ounded c o rne r s . D i s tu rbed b yw o rkmen . Af ew p i ece so fb one o n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 1 . 96m l o ng , 0 . 69m d eep . C ha r coa l i nf i l la bove p e lv i s . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton i ng ood c ond i t ion , b u t r i gh t t i b ia a nd f o o t b one s m i s s ing . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 7 3 . A x i s E -W . G rave 1 . 73m l o ng , 0 . 76m w ide a t f o o t , 0 . 68m w ide a th ead , 0 . 53m d eep . G rave r o ugh ly c u tw i th r ounded c o rne r s . P r obab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton f a i r ly w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ucke t . S ma l l , w i th r ema in s o f i r on h oop s . S Ec o rne ro fg r ave . 2 . K n ive s . x 2? B roken p o in t s o n ly , u nde r p e lv i s . 3 . P o t ter yf ragmen t . B e tween k nee s .

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 08m l o ng , 0 . 76m d eep . G rave p oo r ly c u t , t a pe r ing f r om f o o t t oh ead . A l lc o rne r sr ounded . A du l t f ema le . S ku l l f a c ing r i gh t . T ee th w or n , m any m i s s ing . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . S ma l l ,o nr i gh ts i de o fp e lv i s . 2 . S p ind l ew ho r l . B one . O nr i gh tc l av ic le .

GRAVE 7 4 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 0 . 84m l o ng , 0 . 4 1m w ide , 0 . 48m d eep . G rave w e l l c u t w i th r o unded c o rne r s . F i l lv e ry f i ne s o i l . C h i ld . F r ag i le s ku l lo n ly . G rave g ood s : I . R ing . C oppe r a loy , s ma l l . O n f l oo r o f g r ave ,r o ugh ly a tp o s i t ion o fr i gh tr i b s . 2 . R oman c o in s . x 2 . B o th p i e r ced f o r s u spen s ion , o ne Pt c en tu ry , o ne o fV ic to r inu s ( AD 2 65 -7 ) .

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave m in . 1 . 47m l o ng , 0 . 69m d eep . H ead o fg rave d e s t roy ed b yk e rb . G rave p oo r ly c u t ,c or n e r sr ounded . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B one s v e ry f r agmen ta ry . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy . P i n m i s s ing . O n c en t r eo fb r ea s t ,a l ong w i th 2 5 . 2 . P la t ing . C oppe ra l loy , 2p i ece s . 3 . O b jec t . C oppe r a loy ' c i rc le ' , w i th t wo s t ud sa nd s l o t . 4 . D i sc . C oppe ra loy ,w i th s l o ta nd s t ud s . 5 . O b jec t . " Bow shaped o b jec t f o r s u spen s ion " . 6 . N a i l s? x 2 , i r on . O rp i n s?

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 13m l o ng , 0 . 86m w ide a tf o o t , 0 . 63m w ide a tm idd le a nd h ead . 0 . 43m d eep a th ead , 0 . 86m d eep a tf o o t . G rave w e l l c u tw i th s qua r ed c o rne r s . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved , b u ts ku l l d i s lodged , u p s ide d own b y r i gh ts hou lde r . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead P o in t ing u pwa rd a t NW c or ne ro fg r ave . 2 . S pea rf e r ru le . A bove l e f tf o o t . 3 . S wo rd A long l e f ts i de o fb ody , u nde r l e f t a rm . C oppe ra loy s c abba rd f i t t ing ,g i lded w i th s i lve r .

GRAVE 7 0 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave 1 . 93m l o ng , 0 . 76m w ide , 0 . 86m d eep . G rave w e l l c u t , s qua r ed c or n e r sa th ead ,r ounded c o rne r sa tf o o t . A du l tm a le . O nr i gh ts i de . B one sv e ry f r iab le . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T o r i gh t o f s ku l l . S wan ton t y pe H l . 2 . K n if e . A bove l e f tp e lv i s . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . A bove l e f tp e lv i s .

2 23

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . A x i s S SE -NN W . G rave 2 . 03m l o ng , 0 . 89m w ide , 0 . 66m d eep . P oo r ly c u t , w i th r o ugh ly s qua r ed c o rne r s . T h ree l a rg e f l i n t s p l a ced a l ong l owe rh a lf o fe a s ts i de o fg r ave . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rv ed , b a ck o f s ku l l r e s t ing o n e nd o f g r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L a id a ta n a ng le , t o r i gh t o f s ku l l .

4 . S h ie ld -bo s s . C a r ina t ed w i th d i sc -headed a pex . O nk nee s ,a pex u pwa rd s . 5 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy ,w i th w a she r . A tr i gh t k nee . P robab ly s h ie ld -f i t t ing . 6 . O b jec t . T r iangu la ri r on o b jec t . D e sc r ibed a sb rooch b u t p robab ly b uck le p l a te . B e tween t i b ia s . 7 . K n if e . L a rge . U nde rl umba rv e r teb ra e . 8 . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th i r on b e l tf i t t ing . GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s NN W -SSE . G rave 1 . 93m l o ng , 0 . 7 1m w ide , 0 . 74m d eep . G rave w e l l c u t w i th r o unded c o rne r s . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . H ead i n c l ined f o rwa rd ,b a ck o fs ku l la ga in s th ead o fg r ave . 1 . S pea rhead T o r i gh t o f s ku l l . S wan ton t y pe E 4 . ' Long ' . 2 . B uck l e . I r on? P lu s i r on b e l t f i t t ing , u nde r l e f th ume ru s . 3 . K n if e . U nde rl e f tr i b s .

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 2 . 44m , w id th 0 . 92m , 0 . 79m . G rave r ough ly c u t w i th r o unded c o rne r s . F i l l ' t op s o i l ' , a nd e l even l a rg e f l in t s . C ha r coa l a nd r e dp ebb le s i nf i l la bov es ku l l . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ku l l f a c ing r i gh t . S ke le ton l y ing d i agona l ly a c ro s s g r av e w i th h ead i n SW c o rne r . S k e le ton ' s l igh t ly d ecompo sed ' . G rave g ood s : I . B ead L a rge ,g l a s s . 2 . C l ip s . x 2 ,c oppe ra loy . B yr i gh ta rm . 3 . F l in t . F i r e -c rack ed , i nf i l l o ve rl e f tb r ea s t .

GRAVE 7 7 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 06m l o ng , 0 . 74m w ide , 0 . 92m d eep . G rave w e l l c u t , S E c or n e r s qua r ed , o t he r s r ounded . F ou r l a rg e f l i n t s i n SW c or n e r , t h r ee a l ong s ou th s i de , t wo i nS E c or n e r . F i l l c ha lk a nd l a rg e f l i n t s , w i th b rown s o i la r ound s k e le ton . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ku l l i n c l ined f o rwa rd o nc he s t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . U nde rl e f tf o r ea rm . 2 . F i t t ing s . C oppe r a loy p l a t ing , u nde r l e f t f o r ea rm .

GRAVE 8 2 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 1 . 50m l o ng , 0 . 56m w ide , 0 . 66m d eep . We l l c u t g r ave , w e s t c o rne r r o ugh ly s qua r ed ,o t he r sr ounded . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton c r amped b y l e ng th o fg r ave , s ku l l c r u shed a g a in s t h ead o fg r ave . G rave g ood s : I .B rooch? I r on ,o nr i gh tb r ea s t . GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s NE -S W . G rave 2 . 18m l o ng , 0 . 58m w ide , 0 . 56m d eep . G rave p oo r ly c u t , w i th r o ugh ly r o unded c o rne r s . P robab le a du l t , f ema le . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 55m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy d i sc . A ts h ou lde r . 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy d i sc . A t o ppo s i t e s hou lde rt o1 .

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 69m l o ng , 0 . 94m w ide , 0 . 86m d eep . We l l c u t g r ave w i th r ound ed e nd s . F i l l m a in ly c ha lk , w i th b r own s o i l a r ound s k e le ton . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 85m . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I nt h r ee p i ece s ,o nl e f te l bow . 2 . F l in t . F i r e -c racked ,o nr i gh to fp e lv i s .

GRAVE 8 4 . " NW b y S E" . G rave 1 . 12m l o ng , 0 . 53m w ide , 0 . 63m d eep . We l l c u t g r ave , r o und ed c or n e r s a th ead , s qua r ed a tf o o t . Two c ou r se p ack ing o fl a rg e f l i n t s a r ound s i de s o fg r ave , p l u s l a ye r o f l a rg e f l i n t s f o rm ing c i s t i n u ppe r f i l l o f g r ave . C h i ld , s e xn o td e te rm ined . N ob one ss u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . S ma l l , i nc en t r eo fg r av e .

GRAVE 7 9 . A x i s E -W . G rave 1 . 75m l o ng , 0 . 63m w ide , 0 . 94m d eep . G rave r ough ly c u t , h ead c o rne r s s qua r ed ,f o o tc or n e r sr ounded . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . S k e le ton f a i r ly w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on , a bove s a c rum . GRAVE 8 0 .

GRAVE 8 5 .

2 24

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s G -M . A x is W-E . G rave 1 . 22m l o ng , 0 . 61 m w ide , 0 . 48m d eep . P oor ly c u t g r ave , s qua red h ead c orne r s , r ounded f oo t c orne r s . C ha rcoa l a t

A du l t , ma le . v e ry w or n .

r i gh to fs ke le ton . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded .

1 . S pearhead L y ing a t a n a ng le , t o l ef t o f s ku l l . T ip d amaged , p os s ib ly b yp lough ing .

S ke le ton p oo r ly p reserved , t e e th

G rave g ood s :

S ke le ton p oo r ly

p r e served .

2 . 3 .

N og rave g ood s .

S pear f erru le . B y l ef tf oo t . K n if e . Sma l l . B y r i gh t e l bow , i n s ide o f

a rm . GRAVE 8 6 . A x is NW -SE . G rave 2 . 13m l o ng , 0 . 74m w ide , 0 . 56m d eep .

4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . l ef t

We l l c u t g rave w i th r ounded

c orne r s . F loo r o f g rave h o l lowed t o r e ce ive b ody . Two l a rge f l in t s i nW c orne r , o ne i nN c orne r , t h ree i nE , f our i nS . F i l l ma in ly c ha lk

B uck le . I r on . Above s a crum . O b jec t . I r on , a tl ef ts i de o fp e lv is . C lay ' l umps ' . x 2 , b e tween t i b ia s . F ragmen t . G arne t if e rous s ch i s t a ts i de o f e l bow .

a nd f l in t s . L a rge q uan t i ty o fc ha rcoa l b y r i gh t k nee . P robab le a du l t , ma le . S ke le ton i n p oo r c ond i t ion . G rave g oods : 1 . Sword W i th c oppe r a l loy s c abba rd moun t s , a nd g reen g l a ss s wo rd b ead . A long

GRAVE 8 9 . A x is NE -S W . G rave 1 . 20m l o ng , 0 .4 1m w ide , 0 . 30m d eep . G rave r ough ly c u t w i th r ounded c or ne r s . F loo r o fg rave s l op ing t owa rds f oo t ,

l e f ts i de , u nde ra rm . 2 . S pearhead Swan ton t ype K I . T o r i gh t o f

G rave g oods : 1 . K n if e . ' La rge ' , i n s ide r i gh tf o rea rm .

f i l l ma in ly ' t op s o i l ' . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e term ined . p re se rved .

S ke le ton w e l l

s ku l l . 3 . S h ie ld -bos s .

Over c en t re o f b r ea s t .

GRAVE 9 0 .

T op

A x is NW -SE . G rave 1 . 57m l o ng , 0 . 64m w ide , 0 . 51 m d eep . G rave r ough ly c u t w i th r ounded

b roken o f fa nd l y ing b y r i gh tk nee . 4 . K n if e . Sma l l , b e low r i gh tr i b s . 5 . B uck le . I r on , a bove s a crum . .

c o rne r s . F i l l m a in ly l op s o i l ' , l a rge f l i n t i n w es t c or ne r . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion . S ku l l f a c ing e a s t .

6 . C up . C oppe ra l loy moun t s . GRAVE 8 7 . A x is N W -SE . G rave 2 . 11 m l o ng , 0 . 56m w ide , 0 . 43m d eep . We l l c u t g rave w i th r ounded c or n e r s .

No g rave g oods . GRAVE 9 1 .

F i l l ma in ly c ha lk , w i th f i ve l a rge

A x is WS W -ENE .

f l i n t s i nt he n o r th c or ne r . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded .

w ide , 0 . 53m d eep .

S ke le ton v e ry

r ounded c or ne r s .

p oo r ly p rese rved .

G rave r ough ly c u t w i th L a rge f l in t i n e ach c orne r ,

a nd o ne m idway a l ong e ach l o ng s i de .

G rave g oods : 1 . S word .

G rave 1 . 68m l o ng , 0 . 43m

W i th c oppe r a l loy c hape .

s i de . 2 . S word -bead h i l t .

Ambe r .

A ge a nd s ex n o t r e corded .

A t l e f t

S ke le ton p oo r ly

p r eserved . G rave g ood s :

O n s wo rd , b e low

1 .K n if e . B y s i de o fr i gh te l bow .

3 . S pearhead L a rge , t ol e f to fs ku l l . 4 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O n k nees . 5 . K n if e . Sma l l . Above r i gh tp e lv is . 6 . R ive t s . I r on , w i th c oppe r a l loy w a she r .

GRAVE 9 2 . A x is NW -SE . G rave 2 . 08m l o ng , 0 . 69m w ide ,

P robab ly s h ie ld f i t t ing s .

0 . 61 m d eep . We l l c u t g rave w i th r ounded c orne r s . F i l l m a in ly c ha lk w i th f l in t s . O ne

GRAVE 8 8 .

A du l t , s ex n o t d e term ined .

A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 08m l o ng , 0 . 94m w ide ,

S ke le ton w e l l p reserved .

0 . 43m d eep .

No g rave g ood s .

l a rge f l in ta tc en t re o ff oo to fg rave .

G rave w e l l c u t w i th r ough ly

s qua red c orne r s . f l in t s .

S ku l l f a c ing e a s t .

F i l l ma in ly c ha lk w i th l a rge GRAVE 9 3 .

Two l a rge f l in t s i n N a nd W c orne r s ,

f i ve i n Sc or ne r , o ne m idway a l ong SW s i de .

A x is NN W -SSE .

G rave p oss ib ly s l igh t ly p l ough d amaged . L a rge q uan t i ty o f c ha rcoa l ( p robab ly l a rge s t

w ide , 0 . 71 m d eep . We l l c u t g rave w i th r ounded c orne r s . C ha rcoa l f ound t o r i gh t o f

f r om s i te ) f r om r i gh t s i de o f p e lv is t o r i gh t f o o t .

s ku l l .

2 25

G rave 1 . 93m l o ng , 0 . 69m

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . f i l l . A l so f r agmen t o f w hee l tu rned p o t t e ry , p robab ly R oman . C u to rc u tb yg r av e 13 . P robab le a du l t , f ema le . S ku l l i n g ood c ond i t ion ,o t he rb one sp oo r . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy s auce r ,a ts h ou lde r . 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy s auce r , a to ppo s i t e s hou lde rt o1 . 3 . B rooch . I nt wo p i ece s , o nl e f te l bow . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . O n l ow e s t l umba r v er teb rae . 5 . K n if e . O nr i gh ts i de o fp e lv i s . 6 . H oop . C oppe r a loy . P o s s ib ly s h ea th m oun t ing . F ound b e low k n if e . 7 . B ead . Ambe r . A tc en t re o fs t er num .

P robab le a du l t , f ema le . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy d i sc ,a ts hou lde r . 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy d i sc , a t o ppo s i t e s hou lde rt o1 . 3 . B ead s . F rom s t e rnum t os a c rum . GRAVE 9 4 . A x i s E -W . G rave 1 . 98m l o ng , 0 . 66m w ide , 0 . 53m d eep . G rave w e l l c u t w i th r o ugh ly s qua r ed c o rne r s . F ragmen t o f p o t t e ry i n f i l l a bov ep e lv i s . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rd ed . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . R ib sb roken . G r ave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , o n l e f t s i de o f s a c rum . 2 . K n if e . I n s ide o fl e f tf o rea rm .

GRAVE 9 8 . A x i s NNE -SS W . G rave 1 . 85m l o ng , 0 . 69m w ide , 0 . 59m d eep . G rave r ough ly c u t w i th r o unded c o rne r s . F l oo r o fg rave h o l low ed i n c en t r e , d ue t ol a ye r o fn a tu ra l f l i n t w h ich m ay h ave d e t e r red f u r the r d i gg ing . V e ry l a rg e f l i n t ( d iame te ra bou t0 . 46m )a th ead o fg r av e , p a r t ly r e s t ing o n s ku l l . T h r ee o t he r l a rge f l i n t s o n f l oo ro fg r ave , o ne b yr i gh t f emu r , o ne b yr i gh t k nee , a nd o ne o n r i gh t t i b ia . B on e s o fs ma l l a n ima l o ve r s a c rum , s ome c ha r coa l a tl e f t o f s ku l l . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton d amag ed b yf l i n t s . F ee th i ghe rt h an h ead . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 5 . A x i s NE -S W . G rave 1 . 88m l o ng , 0 . 96m w ide , 0 . 56m d eep . We l l c u t g r ave w i th r o unded c o rne r s . T h r ee c ou r se s o ff l i n tp a ck ing a r ound SW a nd S E s i de s , a nd p a r t o f NE e nd . F l in t s e x t ended o v e r , o rh ad c o l lap sed o ve r , r i gh t l e g , a rm , a nd o ve r s ku l l . Two p o t t e ry f r agmen t s i n f i l l . A du l t f ema le . E x tended s up ine , l e f t a rm a t a ng le a way f r om b ody , h and t o uch ing NW s i de o fg r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A bove l ef ts i de o fp e lv i s . 2 . P in o rn a i l . I r on . A bove l e f ts c apu la . 3 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy , p enannu la r . O n u ppe rl umba rv e r t eb rae .

GRAVE 9 9 . A x i s E -W . G rave 1 . 83m l o ng , 0 . 59m w ide , 0 . 48m d eep . G rave r o ugh ly c u t w i th r o unded c ome r s . F i r e -c ra cked f l i n tu nde rr i gh tk nee . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 6 . A x i s NNE -SS W . G rave 1 . 83m l o ng , 0 . 84m w ide , 0 . 43m d eep . R ough ly c u t g r ave w i th r ounded c ome r s . P robab le a du l t , f ema le . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . " Squa re -headed" , a t r i gh t s hou lde r . 2 . B rooch . D i sc ,a tl ef ts hou lde r . 3 . B uck l e . I r on ,o ns a c rum .

GRAVE 1 00 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave 1 . 98m l o ng , 0 . 92m w ide a th ead , 0 . 99m w ide a tf oo t , 0 . 84m d eep . We l l c u tg r ave w i th r ounded c o rne r s . F l oo ro f g r ave h o l lowed t or e ce ive b ody . F i l lc ha lk s o i l a nd l a rge f l in t s . F ragmen t s o fp o t t e ry a nd 1 5 f i r e -c rack ed f l in t s i n f i l l , p lu s b rown r e s idue u nde rr i gh tk nee . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . Sma l l ,b yl e f tf o rea rm . 2 . M e ta lo b jec t . O nl e f te l bow .

GRAVE 9 7 . A x i s E -W . G rave 2 . 29m l o ng , 0 . 69m w ide , 0 . 81m d eep . G rave w e l l c u t w i th r o unded c o rne r s . F i l lm a in ly c ha lk , a s ha nd l a rg e f l i n t s . Much a s h b eh ind a nd a r ound s ku l l . F i ve l a rg e f l in t s a l ong e a ch l o ng s i de , h e ld i np l a ce b y m o r ta r o fc l ay a nd c ha lk . Two f l i n t s a te nd o f g r ave . L a rg e q uan t i ty o fc ha r coa l a l ong r i gh t s i de o f s k e le ton , t we lve f i r e -c ra cked f l i n t s i n

GRAVE 1 0 1 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave 2 . 13m l o ng , 0 . 53m w ide , 0 . 6 1m d eep . We l l c u t g r ave w i th r o unded c ome r s .

2 26

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . S ma l l , b l a ck f a b r ic , r ounded b a se . O ns i de ,a bove f e e t . 2 . F l in t s . x 2 , f i r e -c rack ed . B e tween k nee s .

P o s s ib ly n o te xcava ted . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 1 09 . ) " NE b y SW" . P o s s ib ly n o te xcava ted . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 1 02 . A x i s E -W . G rave 2 . 36m l o ng , 0 . 66m w ide , 0 . 53m d eep . R ough ly c u t g r ave w i th r ounded c o rn e r s . Two f i re -c ra cked f l i n t s i nf i l l . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , a nd d i s tu rbed . R igh t l e g b one s o n b r ea s t . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . I nt h r ee p i ece s ,b yr i gh th ume ru s . 2 . B uck le . I r on , a tc en t re w a i s t . 3 . P o t tery f ragmen t s . x 3 , b y s i de o f r i gh t s c apu la .

( GRAVE 10 . ) " ESE b y WN W" . G rave 1 . 40m l o ng , 0 . 6 1m w ide . P o s s ib ly n o te xcava ted . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 11 . G rave 0 . 48m w ide , 0 . 46m d eep . d i scove r ed w hen a i r ra id s h e l te r d ug . r e cove r ed a f t erwa rd s . P a r to fs ku l lo n ly r e cove r ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . P enannu la r . I nt wo p i ece s .

GRAVE 1 03 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 2 . 08m l o ng , 0 . 66m w ide , 0 . 59m d eep . We l l c u t g r av e w i th S c or n e r s qua r ed , o t he r sr ounded . C ha rcoa la bove s k u l l , a nd p o t t e ry f r agmen t si nf i l l . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . L a rge ,o n l e f ts i de o fp e lv i s . 2 . B uck l e? I r on , c o r rod ed . O ve r l owe r l umba rv e r teb ra e .

G rave F i nd s

GRAVE 12 . C r ema t ion . G rave as l igh th o l low i nt h ec ha lk . T h ree p i ece so fc a lc ined b one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . U rn . F r agmen t so fb l a ck p o t te ry v e s se l . GRAVE 13 . C r ema t ion . G rave a te dge o fg r av e 9 7 . G rave as l igh th o l low i nt h ec ha lk ,a bou t0 . 33m d eep . N od e ta i l so fb one r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . U rn . L ow e r p o r t ion o f d eco ra ted p o t t e ry v e s se l . U ppe r p a r t p robab ly r emoved b y p l ough ing .

GRAVE 1 04 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave 2 . 36m l o ng , 0 . 4 1m w id e , 0 . 63m d eep . R ough ly c u t g r ave w i th r o unded c or n e r s . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . S k e le ton v e ry f r agmen ta ry . G r av eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . B ys i de o fl ef te l bow .

GRAVE 14 . " NW b y S E" . G rave 1 . 93m l o ng , 0 . 53m w ide , 1 . 07m d eep . R oman c i ne ra ry um i nt o p f i l l , p r obab ly d i s tu rbed d u r ing d i gg ing o f t h i s g r ave . F i ve f r agmen t so fb one o n ly . N og r ave g ood s .

( GRAVE 1 05 . ) A c tua l ly ap o s t -ho le . ( GRAVE 1 06 . ) " NE b y SW" . G rave 1 . 83m l o ng ,0 . 6 1m w ide . P o s s ib ly n o te xcava t ed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . N og r av eg ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 15 . G rave 1 . 22m l o ng , 0 . 84m w ide , 0 . 75m d eep . G rave o va l , c ove r ed b y h eap o f l a rge f l i n t s . D i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

( GRAVE 1 07 . ) " NNE b yS S W" . G rave 1 . 45m l o ng . P o s s ib ly n o te xcava t ed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

1 43 . H y the I ,S and tun .

( GRAVE 1 08 . ) " NNE b yS SW " . G rave 1 . 47m l o ng .

I .F ound b e tween 1 939 -45 .

2 27

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 1 . S h i e ld -bo s s . ' La rg e ' , d i ame t e r 1 8 cm . 4 d i sc -headed r i ve t s o n r im , a l so 3 c onvex h eaded s t ud sw i th s h ie ld .* 2 . S pea rhead . L eng th 0 . 53m . P o in tr e a ch ed b eyond h ead o fc of in ; p o s s ib ly h ad l a in o nt o p o fc off in . R ema in so ft e x t i le w rapp ing .*

( GRAVE 1 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s . ( GRAVE 2 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rd ed . C h i ld ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton a lmo s t g one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nl e f ts i de , o u t s ide c of i n .* 2 . I r on o b jec t . I r on s h ank , w i th p o in ted e nd , e nca sed i nl e ng th o fw ood .* 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . N a r row p l a te , w i th t h r ee r i ve t s .* 4 . P iec e o fh o rn? D i sc , f r agmen t o f . W i th c oppe ra loy w i re a t tached .* 5 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B lack , b r ok en d u r ing e xcava t ion .

F ound 1 947 -8 , d ur ing e xcava t ion s o n s and d une s . J .P .T . B ir che l la nd G . Ward . ( GRAVE 3 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . I n f an t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . N og r ave g ood s .

1 48 . K ems ing I .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row , h e igh t a pp rox . 0 . 76m . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . C off in . G rave h ad d i s tu rbed ac r ema t ion b u r ia l ; p i ece s o fu r na nd c r ema t ed b one f ound o u t s id e f o o to f c of f in . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . I r on n a i l s?

I .F ound 1 880 . ( GRAVE 1 . ) A x i sE -W . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 2 . ) A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . c on ta ined b u r n tc off in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . C ha in l i nk s . 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on n a i l s .

1 49 . K ings ton I ,K ings ton Down . I . E xcava ted b y B . F au s se t t , Augu s t t oS ep tember 1 767 . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row , h e igh t 0 . 92m . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . ' T rench ' i n b o t tom o f g r ave ,t of i tb ody , w i th l a ye r so ff l in t s a bove i n g r av ef i l l . P o t te ry s h e rd si ng r ave f i l l . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

G rave

GRAVE 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rav e c on ta in ed t h ick b ur n tc of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . S qua t j a r ( Ha rden t y pe V I I Ic .23 ) . N ea rr i gh th i p .* 2 . G la s s v e s se l . P a lm c up . O n r i gh t s i de o f s ku l l .* 3 . C ry s ta lb a l l .* 4 . E a r r ing s . x 2 , s i lve r , k no t ted w i re , e a ch w i th b l ue b ead s t rung o n t h em . C lo se u nde r l owe rj aw .* 5 . B ead s . x 8 ; 7g l a s s , 1a me thy s td r op .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s SW -NE . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined r ema in so fw ooden c of f in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s :

2 28

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 6 . 7 .

P in . S i lve r ,b ys i de o fs ku l l .* I r on o b jec t s . N a i l sa nd o t he rp i ece s .

1 . B uck l e p la te . C oppe r a l loy , r e c tangu la r . F o lded o ve r w i th t wo r i ve t s . R ema in s o f l e a the ra dhe r ing .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of in . A du l t ,s ex n o tr e co rded . S ke le ton c omp le te . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 7 ,g l a s s . N ea rh ead . 2 . R ing s . x 3 . S i lve rw i r e ,s l ip -kno t s .* 3 . R ing s . x 2 , s i lve r w i re . O ne w i th y e l low b ead s t rung o ni t ,o ne w i th p i ece o fi v o ry .* 4 . G i rd le s e t . S i lve r c ha in s u spend ing 6 s i lv e rt o i le ti mp lemen t s . B yk nee s .* 5 . I r on o b jec t s . B yk nee s .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc off in . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . F i t t ing s . x 2 , C oppe ra loy ,b ox f i t t ing s?* 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i l s? a nd o t he rp i ece s . GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rav e c on ta ined b u rn tc of in . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . B one s a lmo s t g one . G rave g ood s : 1 . ' Ha sp ' . C oppe ra loy . 2 . C oppe r a l loy o b jec t s . x 3 . G i rd le i mp lemen t s .* 3 . K n if e . 4 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i l s?

GRAVE 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing s . x 2 , s i lve rw i r e . S l id ing k no t s , o ne w i th p o lych rome b ead s t rung o ni t . * 2 . B ead s . x 7 ,g l a s s . N ea rn eck . 3 . L ead ?d i sc . P e rf o ra t ed . N ea rn eck .* 4 . I r on i n s t rumen t . T ra ce s o f w ooden h and le . S em i -c i rcu la rb l ade -end .* 5 . N a i l s . X 5 . I r on .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N oc of in . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . B one s a lmo s t g one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc off in . S k e le ton w e l l A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : or i gh to fs ku l l , 1 . G la s sv e s se l . P a lm c up . T i n s ide c of f in . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . x 5 ,i r on . 4 . I r on p i ece s .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave 2 . 13m l o ng . B lack l a ye ro nb o t tom o fg r ave p robab ly r ema in so fb u rn tc of in . I r on n a i l si nt h i sl a y e r . D oub le i n huma t ion . O ne s k e le ton a ppa r en t ly i n se r ted a f t e r , a nd d i s tu rb ing ,a no the r . 1 5a : J uven i le /young a du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved , " . . . tee th n o t a l c u t . . ." . H e igh tn og r ea te rt h an 1 . 53m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , c l a s s 6 . 1 ( Aven t 's c o rpu sn o . 1 20 ) . O nr i gh ts hou lde r .* 2 . R ing s . x 9 , s i lve r w i r e , w i th s l id ing k no t s . U nde rnea th 1 . 3 . B ead s . x 5 . Y e l low . W i th 2 . 4 . C oppe r a l loy o b jec t . P a r t o f b r a ce le t ? F ound ' l owe rd own ' . 1 5b : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B one s d i s tu rbed , l y ing i nh eap a tf e e to f1 5a . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc of f in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on o b jec t s . N a i l s? GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc off in . A du l t ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . B one sa lmo s tg on e , b u t" o ld t e e th" . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 1 6 .

2 29

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row o f e a r th a nd c ha lk . G rave f i l led w i th f l i n t s , a nd c on ta ined t h ick b u rn tc of in . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s k e le ton a ppa r en t ly i n se r t ed a f t e r ,a nd d i s tu rb ing ,a no the r . 1 6a : Ma tu re a du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , ' o ld t e e th ' . S up ine , b on e so f1 6b i nh eap o nc he s t . G rave g ood s ( s ome o r a l m ay h ave b een b u r ied w i th 1 6b a nd s ub sequen t ly d i s tu rbed ) : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 4d i sc -headed r i ve t s o n r im , a l so 3d i sc -headed s t ud s . 2 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i d e ,o u t s ide c of in . 3 . F i t t ing s? S cabba rd f i t t ing s? I v o ry , i r on a nd c oppe r a l loy , d eco ra t ed . T r iangu la r i r on f i t t ing i n la id w i th s i lve rf i l ig r ee a nd g a rne t s .* 4 . S wo rd ? I r on p i ece s , p r obab ly p a r t o f s wo rd b l ade . 5 . T wee ze r s? C oppe ra l loy . 1 6b : A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . B one s d i s tu rbed , l y ing i nh eap o nc he s to f1 6a . N og r ave g ood s( b u ts e e 1 6a a bove ) .

1 . R ing . Two p i ece so f , i v o ry . 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s SW -NE . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .C o in . R oman ,b ronz eo fG a l l ienu s . GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s SW -NE . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rav e c on ta ined ' v e ry t h ick ' c of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy , s ma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s SW -NE? P r ima ry i nb a r row . ' S ide b y s i de ' w i th g r ave 2 2 . S he rd so fc oa r se b l a ck p o t i n f i l l , a ppa r en t ly d i s tu rbed w hen t h i s g r ave w a sd ug . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rav e c on ta ined c of f in . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rav e 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I . C o in s . x 2 , R oman ,b ronze o fC on s tan t ine . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of i n . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nl ef ts i de . 2 . C oppe r a l loy p la te s . X 4 , t wo o f t h em r i v e t ed t o g e the r . B e l to rb uck le f i t t ing s? 3 . K n if e . 4 . N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . C o in . R oman ,b ronze o fP robu s . 2 . T wee ze r s? C oppe ra loy . 3 . K n if e . 4 . N a i l s . 5 . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . N oc of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nl ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck l e . I r on , ' sma l l ' . GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rav e c on ta ined c of in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved ,t e e th ' much w or n ' . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' r a the r h i ghe r ' t h an o t he r s . G rave c on ta in ed ' v e ry t h ick ' , b ur n tc of in .

2 30

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved ,t e e th v e ry w or n . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 6 ,g l a s s . ' Among t h et e e th ' . 2 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on .* 3 . N a i l s . 4 . B ox . Wooden , w i th i r on h and le a nd f i t t ing s . A bou t 3 0cm b y 2 0cm . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c of i n .*

3 . 4 .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of in . J uven i le /young a du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rv ed ,t e e th n o ta l c u t . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 ,o paque g l a s s . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . x 4 .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 8 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

N a i l s . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . T ee th w or n . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n ive s . x 2 . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Sma l l , b l ack f a b r ic . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc of f in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . N a i l s . x 4 . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined t wo b ur n t c of in s , o ne a td ep th o f 0 . 92m , o ne a t1 . 52m . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s ke le ton a bov e a no the r . 3 5a ( Uppe r ) : A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . T ee th w o r n . G rave g ood s : I . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . D shaped l o op . 3 5b ( Lowe r ) : A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . T ee th w or n . G rav eg ood s : 4 . K n if e . 5 . R ing . I r on . 6 . N a i l s . 7 . G la s s v e s se l . G r een i sh g l a s s , b rok en i n a n t iqu i ty .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e .

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s SW -NE . P r ima ry i nb a r row? B a r row o f ' sma l le rs i z e ' . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . B one s a lmo s t g one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of in . A du l t , s e x n o t r e co rd ed . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , ' v e ry o l dt e e th ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . I r on i n s t rumen t . 2 . K n if e .

S k e le ton w e l l

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s SW -NE . P r ima ry i n b a r row? G rave u nde r s ame b a r row a sg r ave 3 6 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep ,p a ra l le lt o3 6 . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton a lmo s t g one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of f in . A du l t , s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved ,w i th ' l a rge o l dt e e th ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L a rge .* 2 . K n if e . Sma l le rt h an 1 .

2 3 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 2 .

A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . ' O ld p e r son ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck le . I r on . D shaped l oop . 3 . K n if e .

B uck le . I r on . D shaped l o op .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row o f ' m idd le s i ze ' . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p re served . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 3 9 . A x is W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' v e ry s ma l l ' . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of i n . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . I r on p iece s . C ha in l i nk s , r i ng s ,h and le s . 3 . N a i l s . I r on ,x 4 .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' v e ry s ma l l ' . G rave 1 . 37m d eep m in . G rave c on ta ined t h ick b ur n tc of in . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . P ouch b o t t le ( Ha rden t y pe V I lb .3 ) . N ea rs ku l l , w i th in c of in .* 2 . B ead s . x 2 , a me thy s td rop s . B yn eck . 3 . R ing s . x 2 , s i lve r w i re w i th s l ipkno t s . B y n eck . 4 . B ead s . x 7 , o paque g l a ss . T o l e f to fn eck . 5 . B ead Ambe r , l a rge a nd i r regu la r . T o l ef t o fn eck . 6 . P endan t . S i lve r , p a r to f . T o l ef to fn eck .* 7 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on . 8 . K n if e . 9 . I r on o b jec t s . ' Na i l l ike ' a nd o t he ro b jec t s .

GRAVE 4 0 . A x is W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' l a rge ' . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of i n . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . Sma l l . T r iangu la r p l a te . 3 . N a i l s . x 5 . L a rge . GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s i zed ' . G rave c on ta ined t wo b u rn t c of in s ,o ne a t0 . 61 m d eep , o ne a t0 . 92m . D oub le i n huma t ion . 4 1a : Adu l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . T ee th w orn . A td ep th o f0 . 61m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 , o paque g l a s s . A tn eck . 2 . N a i l s . x 5 , l a rge . 4 1b : A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 4 7 . A x is W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s i zed ' . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc off in . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s . ' Fou ro rf i ve ' .

p r e se rved . T ee th w orn . G rave g ood s : 3 . K n ive s . X 2 . 4 . N a i l s . 5 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . p re se rved . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc of in . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og rave g ood s .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . J uven i le , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . p rese rved . T ee th n o ta l lc u t . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved , s ku l l ' much d ef ormed ' . G rave g ood s : I .K n if e .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row .

2 32

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M .

I . E xcava ted b y B . F aus se t t , J u ly Augu s t 1 771 .

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of f in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 ,c o lou r ed o paque g l a s s . 2 . Whe t s tone . T race s o f g o ld v i s ib le o n s u rf ace .* 3 . G i rd le h ange r . C oppe r a loy , w i th i r on c ha in s . C ha in s l a y i nt wo l i ne s f r om h i p s t o k nee s . C oppe ra loy h ang e rw a s a tf o o t e nd o f t h em .* 4 . I r on o b jec t s . I n c lud ing n a i l s .

GRAVE 5 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . G rave c on ta ined c off in . A ge a nd s e xn o td e te rm in ed . " . . .Bone s a lmo s t g one . . ." . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . GRAVE 5 6 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . C oa r se b l a ck f a b r ic , ' sma l l ' . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm in ed . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n ive s . x 2 . 2 . N a i l s . GRAVE 5 2 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . p r e se rved . ' O ld t e e th ' . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . Ma tu re a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

S ke le ton w e l l

S k e le ton

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . J uven i le /young a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved , t e e th p r obab ly o f " . . .a y oung p e r son . . ." . S ku l l h ad f r on ta l s u tu r e . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead . N ea rt h en eck .

GRAVE 5 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on t a ined b ur n tc off in . J uv en i le /young a du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . T e e th ' n o ta l c u t ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 , ' sma l l ' . N ea r n eck . F e l l t o d u s td u r ing e xcava t ion . 2 . R ing s . x 3 , s i lve r w i re , w i th s l id ing k no t s . N ea rn eck . 3 . C omb . B one ,n ea rr i gh tc he s t .* 4 . G i rd l e h ang er . I r on c ha in a nd c oppe r a loy t o i le ti mp lemen t s . 5 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc of in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 4a me thy s td rop . N ea rn eck . 2 . B ead s . x 5 , o paque g l a s s . N ea rn eck . 3 . R ing s . x 4 ,s l id ing k no t s . N ea rn eck . 4 . P endan t . S i lve r , c i r cu la r , w i th f i ve b o s se s a nd s u spen s ion l o op . N ea rn eck .* 5 . K n if e . 6 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on , ' s lende r ' . T ex t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing . 7 . P o t te ry v e s se l . C oa r se b l a ck f a b r ic , ' sma l l ' . A tf e e t . B rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion . 8 . I r on p iece s . I n c lud ing n a i l s .

GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e s e rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on i n s t rumen t . W i th s u spen s ion r i ng . 4 . I r on o b jec t s . I n c lud ing n a i l s .

GRAVE 6 0 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row .

2 33

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A x i s S SW -NNE? P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . J uven i le ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . B one s" . . .a lmo s t d ecayed . . ." . N og r ave g ood s .

P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .B ead . L a rg eo paque g l a s s ,n ea rn eck . GRAVE 6 1 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i s S SW -NNE? P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G r ave v e ry s ho r ta nd s ha l low . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . S ku l l " . . .r ema rkab ly l a rge . . ." . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead Y e l low o paque g l a s s . N ea rn e ck . 2 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' .

S k e le ton v e ry

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i sS SW -NNE . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 7 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rav e a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i sS SW -NNE . P r ima ry i nb a r row . J uv en i le , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved ," . . . tee th n o ta l c u t . . ." . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , s ma l l . 2 . K n if e . Sma l l . B yf e e t .

GRAVE 7 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . " Bone s a lmo s t g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 3 . 1l a rg e b l ue g l a s s w i th w h i t e s t r ipe s , 1s ma l lr ed g l a s s .* 2 . R ing . S i lve rw i re s l ipkno t , w i th s ma l lb l ue g l a s sb ead t h r eaded o n i t . 3 . K n ive s . x 3 ,r u s ted t o ge the r . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i sS SW -NNE? P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 6 5 . A x i sS SW -NNE? P r ima ry i nb a r row . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm in ed . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . S ku l ll a rge ,w i th f r on ta ls u tu r e . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 7 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e l e ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . S ku l l " . . .rema rkab ly t h ick , a nd m uch d ef o rmed . . ." . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I r on , l e ng th 5 cm . N ea rs k u l l . 2 . R ing . S i lve r w i r e , s l id ing k no t . N ea r s k u l l . 3 . K n iv e s . x 2 ,r u s ted t o g e the r . N ea rl e f th i p . 4 . K n if e . ' La rge a nd l o ng ' . L eng th a bou t 1 5 cm . C oppe r a l loy p i n s a nd r i ve t ed p l a t e s w i th i ts e em t o h ave b een f i t t ing s o n h and le . O nr i gh ts i de ,j u s ta bove h i p . 5 . C ha in l i nk s . x 2 , i r on .

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i s S SW -NNE? P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . J uven i le , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s S SW -NNE? P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 7 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . p r e se rved . T ee th w or n . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 6 8 .

2 34

S k e l e ton w e l l

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . N og r ave g ood s .

1 . K n if e . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . B uck le?

GRAVE 8 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 4 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm in ed . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e .* 2 . S tud s . x 2 , c oppe r a l loy . D i sc h eaded , w i th w ood a dhe r ing t os t em s .*

S ke le ton v e ry

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I . B uck l e . I r on , ' l a rg e ' . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 8 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of i n . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm in ed . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nl ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . S eax . L eng th o f b l ade 2 5cm . S i lve r p omme li n la id w i th o b long s t r ip so fi v o ry .* 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy ,w i th r i ve ted p l a t e .* 5 . C oppe r a l loy b ow l . W i th 4 e s cu t cheon s , r e pa i r p a t ch , a nd b r eak . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c of i n .* 6 . F e r ru l e? C o r roded , i r on ,n ea rl e f tf o o t . 7 . N a i l s .

e l l S k e le ton w

GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc of in . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . ' T r ive t ' . I r on , a t f e e t , o u t s ide c off in . T ex t i le i mp r e s s ion so ns u rf ace . 3 . N a i l s . GRAVE 8 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' l a rg e ' b a r row . G rav e ' d eep ' . G rave c on ta ined b ur n tc of in . Ma tu r e a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . R ing . I r on ,w i th l i nk a t ta ched . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 7 7 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le? I r on ,f r agmen t so f .

GRAVE 8 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s i z ed ' . G rave " . . .ve ry d eep a nd b road ." A g e a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave " ve ry w id e" a nd 1 . 22m d eep m in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved ,t e e th " o ld" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 8 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s i z ed ' . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' m idd le s iz ed ' . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved .

2 35

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . 4 . 5 .

GRAVE 8 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of in . A g e a nd s e x n o td e te rm ined . B one s " . . .a lmo s t g one ." G r av eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . ' Sma l l ' . S p ind l ew ho r l? C lay .

GRAVE 9 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . Sma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s?

GRAVE 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' sma l l ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . A r row h ead ? 2 . C oppe ra l loy p iece . Wood a dhe r ing . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 8 9 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . G rave c on ta ined c of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P in s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy , w i th w ood a dhe r ing . 3 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . ' Sma l l ' , b l ack f a b r ic . A t f e e t ,o u t s ide c of i n . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

GRAVE 9 5 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rav e a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . GRAVE 9 6 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing s . x 6 , s i lve r , s l id ing k no t s . N ea r n eck . 2 . Ame thy s td rop . N ea rn eck? 3 . P endan t . G o ld , c i r cu la r , w i th s u spen s ion l o op . F i l ig r ee w i re a nd c en t ra lb l ue s e t t ing . A t n eck .* 4 . W o rk b ox . C oppe ra loy ,n ea rh i p s .* 5 . B uck l et o ngue . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 9 0 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of in . A g e a nd s e x n o td e t e rm ined . B one s " . . .a lmo s t g one" . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 9 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' sma l l ' b a r row . G r ave s ho r ta nd s h a l low . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 9 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of in . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 9 2 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . S i lve r ,w i th s l id ing k no t . 2 . A ga te b ead ? C i r cu la r , c onvex d ome o n o ne s i de , f l a to no t he r . P i e r ced f o rs u spen s ion . N ea rn eck .* 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . ' Sma l l ' .

GRAVE 9 8 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined b u rn tc of in . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . S ku l l" much d ef o rmed " .

2 36

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , l a rge . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . K n if e . L a rge , l e ng th 2 3cm . 5 . N a i l s . 6 . I r on f ragmen t s .

A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

S ke le ton p oo r ly

GRAVE 1 05 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row? G rav e 1 06 u nde r s ame b a r row . ' Sma l l ' b a r row . G r ave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . C of i n . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . S t a tu r ea bou t0 . 92m . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Sma l l b ow l , b l a ck f a b r ic . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .* 2 . T oy? I r on r i ng w i th t h r ee a x le s , e a ch w i th ad i sco id s t one a t ta ched a s w hee l s . F ound i n s ide p o t . 3 . A r rowhead . 4 . K n if e . 5 . N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 9 9 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 1 00 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of i n . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 06 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row? U nde r s ame b a r row a sg r ave 1 05 . B a r row ' sma l l ' . B u rn t c off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . T ee th w o rn . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L eng th 2 3cm . 2 . P o t tery v e s se l . Sma l l , b l a ck f a b r ic . A t f e e t . B rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 0 1 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on . GRAVE 1 02 . A x i s W -E . P r im ary i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rav e a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . G rave c on ta ined c of i n . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . C o in . R oman ,C a rau s iu s . 2 . C o in . R oman . A l l ec tu s .

GRAVE 1 07 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . G rave v e ry s ha l low . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 08 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' sma l l ' b a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 03 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n b a r row . G rave c on ta ined c of in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . D rop s . x 2 , d rop shaped b l ue s t one s . B y s ku l l .* 2 . B ead s . x 5 , 2a me thy s t d r op , 3o paque g l a s s . 3 . P endan t? Sma l lb l ue s t one s e ti ns i lve r . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 09 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " Av e ry o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 10 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of i n .

GRAVE 1 04 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row .

2 37

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 6 ,s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . P endan t . S i lve r , c i r cu la r w i th f i v e b o s se s i nc en t r e ,a nd b ead ing a r ound r im .* 3 . R ing . I r on . 4 . N a i l s . I r on . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f i n . " Young p e r son" , s e x n o td e te rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead 2 . K n if e . 3 . P la te s . x 2 , t r iangu la r o pen -wo rk c oppe r a loy p l a t e s ,w i th ar i ve ta te ach c o rne r . F ound a te a ch h i p .* 4 . N a i l s . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n l a rge b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 22m d eep . C of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nl ef ts i de . 2 . A r rowhead W i th p a r t o fw ooden a r row a dhe r ing . 3 . F e r ru l e . C oppe ra l loy ,b yr i gh tf o o t . 4 . N a i l s . I r on . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 17 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . T ee th n o ta l lc u t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S t ap l e . I r on , ` U shaped ' .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 12 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rav ea bou t0 . 92m d eep . C of in . " Young p e r son" , s ex n o td e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 18 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 13 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f i n . " Young p e r son" , s e x n o td e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . A r rowhead 2 . B uck l e . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 3 . K n if e . 4 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . W i th t wo r i ve t s . 5 . C l ip . C oppe ra loy .* 6 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 19 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B ur n t c off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . V e ry t h in g r een i sh g l a s s . B roken i na n t iqu i ty . 2 . P in . C oppe r a l loy w i th s phe r ica l h ead . N ea rs ku l l .* 3 . K n if e . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 14 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n s ma l l b a r row . S ma l l s h a l low g r ave . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 20 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n ' v e ry l a rg e ' b a r row . G rave v e ry w ide a nd d eep . B ur n tc of f in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead L a rg eb l ue a nd w h i te g l a s s .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 15 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e ser ved . " Av e ry o l dp e r son " . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n ' v e ry l a rg e ' b a r row . G rave v e ry w ide a nd d eep . B ur n tc of in . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rv ed .

GRAVE 16 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 8 , a me thy s t d rop s . N ea r t h e n eck . 2 . B ead s . x 5 ,g l a s s . N ea rn eck . 3 . R ing . C oppe ra loy w i r e , w i th s ma l l g r een g l a s sb ead s t rung o n i t .N ea rn eck . 4 . W i re . x 2 , ' S shaped ' , c oppe r a loy . N ea r n eck .* 5 . R ing s . S ev e ra l s ma l l c oppe r a loy . A t r i gh ts i de ,a mong s tc o r roded i r on . 6 . A rm le t C oppe ra l loy . O nl ef ta rm .* 7 . C ha te la ine . I r on c ha in l i nk s ,a tl e f ts i de . 8 . K n if e . 9 . K n if e . 1 0 . B ox . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c of in . A bou t 1 5 cm b y 1 0 cm . W i th c oppe ra loy f i t t ing s . 1 . C omb . I v o ry? , w i th c oppe r a loy t e e th . P a r to f . I nb ox .* 1 2 . N a i l s .

A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de ,o u t s ide c of in . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . N a i l s . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on . GRAVE 1 26 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 27 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . C of f in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rv ed . " Ve ry o l dt e e th" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O n l e f ts i de . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . ' S uga rl o a f ' t y pe . 3 . S t ud s . x 3 , b r oad -headed , i r on . P robab ly s h ie ld f i t t ing s . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy w i th s h ie ld o n t o ngue a nd t r iangu la rp l a t e .* 5 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th p l a te w i th 6 r i ve t s .* 6 . K n if e . 7 . S pea r f e r ru l e . A bou t 1 . 22m f r om s p ea rhead . 8 . N a i l s . 9 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 22 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . C off in . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e served . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 23 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u rn t c of in . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 2 , s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . C ha te la ine . V e ry l a rg e n umbe r o f i r on c ha in l i nk s . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on w i th w ood a dhe r ing . 6 . B uck le . I r on , ' r ound ' . 7 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 28 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . " Young p e r son" , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 29 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . U nde r s ame b a r row a s g r ave 1 30 . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . B u rn tc of in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead V e ry l o ng , o n r i gh t s i de , o u t s ide c of in . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . W i th f o u rr i ve t so nr im . 3 . S t ud s . x 3 ,b road -headed . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . 4 . B ind ing . C oppe r a loy h oop , w i th t h r ee e qu id i s tan tr i v e t s . N ea rl e f tk nee .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on w i th s ma l l r e c tangu la r p l a te a nd c oppe ra loy t o ngue . 6 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy ,r e c tangu la rl o op .* 7 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 24 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . ' Suga r l o a f ' t y pe , w i th s ho r t g r ip .* 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . S t ud s . x 3 ,b road -headed . S h ie ld f i t t ing s? 4 . K n if e . 5 . B uck le . I r on , l a rge . 6 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 25 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in .

2 39

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . Sma l l , i r on . 2 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy w i th t r i angu la r p l a te . T ex t i le a dhe r ing . 3 . K n if e . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 30 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 1 29 . G rav e a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e served . G rav eg ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . S ma l l , g r een i sh g l a s s . B roken i na n t iqu i ty . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . ' Suga r l o af t y pe . F ou r r i ve t so nr im . 3 . S tud s . x 2 , b road -headed , i r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing s . 4 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 5 . K n if e . 6 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 3 5 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' c off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

b a r row .

B ur n t

S k e le ton p oo r ly

GRAVE 1 36 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead A tr i gh ts i de . 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 1 . 22m f r om s p ea rh ead . 3 . K n if e . 4 . P la te . R ec tangu la r o pen -wo rk p l a te w i th r i ve ta te a ch c o rne r . Wood a dhe r ing . 5 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy w i th r e c tangu la r p l a te . 6 . K n if e . 7 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 3 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S up ine e x tended , l e g sc r o s sed . " An o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on r e c tangu la rl o op ,w i th c oppe r a loy t o ngue i n la id w i th t r apezo id shaped g a rne t .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 32 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nr i gh t , o u t s ide c of in . 2 . K n if e . 3 . S tap l e . I r on , ' U shaped ' . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 37 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u r n t , t h ick ,c off in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nl e f ts i de . 2 . C l ip s . x 6 , c oppe r a l loy . A dhe r ing t o w ood .* 3 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . R ed f a b r ic , d eco ra t ed . F ound a bove s k e le ton .* 4 . K n if e . 5 . K n if e . 6 . N a i l s . 7 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 33 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 22m d eep . C of f in ( w i th u ppe r s k e le ton ) . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s k e le ton l y ing a bove a no the r . 1 3 3a ( uppe r ) : A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . A ta bou t0 . 92m d eep . 1 33b ( l owe r ) : " Young p e r son" , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s( n o tc l ea rw i th w h ich b ody ) : 1 . S t ap l e . I r on , ' U shaped ' . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 38 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' c off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 34 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in .

2 40

b a r row .

B u rn t

S ke le ton p oo r ly

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 1 2 . B race l e t . C oppe r a loy w i re , w i th s l id ing k no t . I nb ox .* 1 3 . R ing . I v o ry . I nb ox .* 1 4 . R ing . C oppe r a l loy w i re , w i th s h eep b one s t rung o n i t . I nb ox .* 1 5 . R ing . S i lve rw i r e , s l id ing k no t . I nb ox . 1 6 . S he l l . L a rge c ow r ie s h e l l . I nb ox .* 1 7 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy ,s ma l l . I nb ox . 1 8 . G em . B lue ,p i ece o f . I nb ox . 1 9 . R e s in . B la ck . I nb ox . 2 0 . K n ive s . x 3 . I nb ox . 2 1 . K n if e . T h in b l ad e , w i th w ooden s h ea th w i th c oppe ra l loy f i t t ing s .* 2 2 . S hea r s . I r on .* 2 3 . C la sp . S i lv e r . 2 4 . F o s s i l . 2 5 . C ha te la ine . C oppe r a loy g i rd le h ange r p l u sc o r roded i r on c ha in l i nk s . 2 6 . K ey s . W i th i r on s u spen s ion r i ng . 2 7 . L ock? I r on . 2 8 . S p ind l e w ho r l . I v o ry o rb one , w i th c i r c le a nd d o td eco ra t ion .* 2 9 . F ragmen t s . I r on . 3 0 . N a i l s . ' Long ' .

GRAVE 1 39 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . " An o l dp e r son " . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 4 , ' b aked e a r th ' . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 40 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm in ed . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An o l dp e r son " . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh t ,o u t s ide c of f in . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th s ho r tg r ip . 3 . S t ud s . x 3 , b road -headed , i r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing s . 4 . K n if e . 5 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' C oppe r a loy t o ngue . 6 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 4 1 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B u rn t c of in . C h i ld ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . N o ta l t e e th c u t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 43 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . T ee th w o rn , s ku l l ' d ef o rmed ' . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . GRAVE 1 44 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I . N a i l s . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 42 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed b a r row ' . B ur n t c of f in ,v e ry t h ick . A du l t , s ex n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G r ave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 12 , a me thy s td r op s . N ea rn eck . 2 . B ead s . x 86 . 3 . P endan t . G o ld , w i th i n la id g ar ne t . T r apezo id s hape .* 4 . P endan t . T rapezo id , s i lve r i n la id w i th p u rp le s t one .* 5 . P endan t s . x 2 , s i lve rc r o s se s .* 6 . R ing s . x 2 ,s i lve r ,s l id ing k no t . W i th 5 . 7 . P in . S i lve r ,w i th e ye le t .* 8 . T o i l e t s e t . Two s i lve r s c oop s s u spended o ns i lve rr i ng .* 9 . B ead L a rg e g r een b ead s u spended o n a s ma l ls i lve rr i ng .* 1 0 . B ox . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c off in . A bou t 3 5cm s qua r e . W i th 2c oppe ra l loy h i ng e s , 1 2 c oppe r a loy f i t t ing s , a nd a ni r on h and le a nd h a sp .* 1 . C omb . B one , w i th d eco ra ted h and le . I n b ox .*

GRAVE 1 45 . P r ima ry i n v e ry l a rg e b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 50m d eep . Many d i s tu rbed b one s i nf i l l o f g r ave . B u rn t ,t h ick c off i n . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " Av e ry o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . S ma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 46 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc off in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s :

2 4 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . 1 52B ( l ow e r ) : " Young p e r son" , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . 0 . 92m d eep . N og r ave g ood s .

I . G la s s v e s se l . P a lm c up , g r een . ( Ha rden t y pe X a i .2 ) . O nl e f ts i de o fh ead .* 2 . G la s sv e s se l . A s 1 . 3 . S pea rhead L ef to fh ead ,o u t s ide c off in . 4 . K n if e . 5 . C of f i nc l amp s . x 4 . 6 . N a i l s . 7 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 5 3 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' c of in . A ge a nd s e xn o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 47 . P r ima ry i n' v e ry s ma l l ' b a r row . G rave s ho r t a nd s h a l low . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 48 . P r ima ry i n ' v e ry s ma l l ' b a r row . G rave v e ry s h a l low a nd s ho r t . P robab le c h i ld . N ob one ss u rv ived . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 5 4 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 49 . A x i s E -W . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . C of in . " Young p e r son" , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . E x t ended s up ine , l e f ta rm a c ro s sr i b s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 5 5 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B ur n t c of in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 50 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rav ea bou t0 . 92m d eep . C of f in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" , t h e s ku l l " much d ef o rmed" . G rav eg ood s : 1 . N a i l s . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 56 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . C off in b u rn t . A du l t , p r obab ly f ema le . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy ,n ea rh ead . 2 . P end an t . S i lve r , c i rcu la r . N ea rh ead .* 3 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on , f r om c ha te la ine? 4 . K n if e . 5 . N a i l s . 6 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 5 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rav eg ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on ,w i th t e x t i le a dhe r ing .

GRAVE 1 57 . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . C off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S up ine e x t ended , r i gh t a rm a c ro s s b ody . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" , s k u l l " mu ch d ef o rmed " . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uc k le . C oppe ra loy , s ma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 52 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s k e le ton a bove a no the r . 1 52A ( u ppe r ) : A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm in ed . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " A v e ry o l d p e r son" . S ha l low . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 1 58 .

2 42

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rav ev e ry s ho r ta nd s ha l low . C of f in . C h i ld . B one sn ea r ly g one . N og r ave g ood s .

A ge a nd s e x n o tr e co rded . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nr i gh t , o u t s ide c of in . 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e .* 3 . B ind ing s . 2 c oppe r a l loy ' f e r ru le s ' , b i nd ing sf o rs p ea rs haf t ? 4 . S h ie ld -bo s s . ' Suga rl o af t y pe '? 5 . R ive t s . I r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing s? 6 . B uck l e . Wh i te m e ta l , s h ie ld o n t o ngue , t r iangu la r p l a te . D eco ra ted w i th t r iangu la r p unch -ma rk s .* 7 . B uck l e . I r on . 8 . K n if e . 9 . N a i l s .

G RAVE 1 59 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry? i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . U nd e rs ame b a r row a sg r av e 1 60 . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . C of f in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 60 . A x i sW -E . P r ima ry? i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r av e 1 59 . C of f in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . S ma l l . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 64 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B on e s a lmo s t g one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . ' Con ica l ' , m ay b e s uga r l o af t y pe? 3 . S t ud s . x 3 , b road -headed , i r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing s . 4 . ' F e r ru l e ' . C oppe ra loy ,w i th r i ve t . 5 . F i t t ing s . C oppe r a loy , 2s t ud s , 3p l a t e s . F i t t ing st os p ea rs haf t ? 6 . K n if e . 7 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 6 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G r av ea bou t0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S k e le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 8 1 ,c l a s s3 . 1) . A tn eck .* 2 . P endan t s . x 3 , s i lve r . C onf ron t ing b i rd s ' h ead s . W i th 1 . * 3 . B ead s . x 5 . Ame thy s t s . N ea rn eck . 4 . R ing s . x 3 , s i lve r w i r e w i th s l id ing k no t s . N ea rn eck . 5 . B ead s . x 10 . N ea rn eck . 6 . S t rap e nd . C oppe ra loy . N ea rn eck . 7 . P in . C oppe ra l loy w i th f l a t tened h ead a nd e y e le t . N ea rn eck . 8 . K n if e . 9 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 65 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . K n if e . GRAVE 1 66 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,s ma l l . 3 . K n if e . 4 . S tap l e s . C oppe ra loy . 5 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 62 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . " An o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,s ma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . F ragmen t s . I r on ,w i th w i r ea t ta ched . 4 . S pea rhead A t f o o t o f g r ave , o u t s ide c of in . P o in tt oe a s t ,t e x t i le r ema in sa dhe r ing . 5 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 67 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . Sma l lc a rv ed c ha lk f i gu r eo f am an f o und a bou t 0 . 61m d eep i nm ake -up o fb a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved .

GRAVE 1 63 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C off in .

2 43

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . Sma l l , i r on .

G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . ' Con ica l ' , p o s s ib ly o f' s uga r l o af t y pe . 2 . S tud s . x 3 , b road -headed , i r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing s . 3 . S pea rhead . O n l ef ts i de . 4 . K n if e . 5 . B uck le . Sma l l , i r on . W i th t r iangu la r p l a te . P la te i n la id w i th t wo c oppe r a loy b o s se ss e ti ns i lve rs ocke t s .* 6 . N a i l s . 7 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 73 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C off in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An o ld p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . L ong a nd v e ry n a r row , o n r i gh ts i de o fs ku l l . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l .* 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . 4 . R ing . I r on , i nf r agmen t s , d i ame te r a bou t 8 cm . 5 . F i t t ing s . C oppe r a l loy r i ve ted p l a te s . F i t t ing st os p ea rs haf t ? 6 . K n if e . 7 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 68 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . C h i ld , s ex n o t d e term ined . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p re se rved . " A v e ry y oung p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on . F rom c ha te la ine? 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 74 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m w ide , b u tv e ry s ho r t . C of in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 69 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C off in . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . S ku l l ' d ef o rmed ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 ,n ea rn eck . 2 . B ox . W i th i r on h and le a nd h a sp . ' Beh ind s ku l l ' . 3 . K n if e . 4 . K n if e . 5 . N a i l s . 6 . O b jec t . I r on .

GRAVE 1 75 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . C off in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e served . G rave g ood s : 1 . S tud . B road -headed . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 70 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rave v e ry s ho r t ,a nd s ha l low . C off in . V e ry t h ick p ane l s . C h i ld , s ex n o td e te rm ined . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . Sma l l . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 76 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B u rn t c of f in w i th 1 76b . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne b u r ia l p robab ly d i s tu rb ing a ne a r l ie ro ne . 1 76a : B one sd i s tu rbed i nf i l l . G rave g ood s( a l l d i s tu rbed i nf i l l? ) : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . ' Hem i sphe r ica l ' . 2 . C of f i n f i t t ing s . I r on c o rne r c l amp s f o r c of in . 3 . K n if e . 4 . K n if e . 1 76b : A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . I ng rave . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O n r i gh t s i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck le . I r on .

GRAVE 1 7 1 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . C of f in . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . B ys ku l l . E ye le t . 2 . R ing . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B uck le . Sma l l , i r on . 5 .

S ke le ton w e l l

Na i l s .

GRAVE 1 72 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row .

4 . 5 .

2 44

B uck le . I r on . N a i l s .

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 4 . 5 .

GRAVE 1 77 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . " Young p e r son" , s ex n o td e te rm in ed . S ke le ton v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead . Ame thy s td rop . N ea rn eck . 2 . D i sc . I v o ry o r b one , w i th w i r e l o op f o r s u spen s ion .* 3 . B race l e t . C oppe r a loy w i r e , s l id ing k no t .* 4 . K n if e . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on . 6 . N a i l s .

N a i l s . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 82 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of i n . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . B one s n ea r ly g one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on . 3 . L ink s . x 2 , i r on . 4 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 83 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u rn t c of in ,v e ry t h ick p ane l s . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t ery v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . ' Beh ind h ead ' ,o u t s ide c of f in .* 2 . P in . C oppe r a loy . W i th w i re r i ng t h rough e ye le t . N ea rs ku l l .* 3 . B ead s . x 2 , s ma l l ,n ea rp i n . 4 . C ha te la ine? I r on r i ng w i th m any c o r roded c ha in l i nk s . 5 . K n if e . 6 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 78 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea ro ra r rowhead 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . R oman ; s t amped S am ian d i sh . N ea rt h eh ead .* 3 . S tud s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy , w i th d oub le c r e scen th ead s .* 4 . K n if e . 5 . F i t t ing s . x 5 ,c oppe ra l loy p l a t e s . 6 . N a i l s . 7 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 84 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le? B la ck f a b r ic , b rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion . A t f e e t ,o u t s ide c off in .*

GRAVE 1 79 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . " Young p e r son" , s ex n o td e t e rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead Sma l l ,o nr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , w i th f i sh d e s ign o n p l a te .* 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 85 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ox f i t t ing s . x 4 c oppe r a loy c or n e r f i t t ing s . N ea rh ead . 2 . P in . C oppe r a l loy , g i lded w i th g o ld . H o l low . 3 . P in . A s3 . 4 . K n if e . 5 . K n if e . 6 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 80 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . " Young p e r son" , s ex n o td e t e rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . A r rowhead ? O r s ma l l s p ea rhead , o n r i gh t s i d e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck l e . I r on ,s ma l l . 4 . N a i l s . GRAVE 1 8 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " Am idd le -ag ed p e r son" . .G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck le . Sma l l , i r on . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 86 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s :

2 45

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 1 . B ead s . 1l a rge , 2s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 94 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rave s hor ta nd s ha l low . C of f in . C h i ld . B one s v e ry d ecayed . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 87 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 95 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . C of in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O n l ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . Na i l s .

GRAVE 1 88 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B u rn t c of in . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 96 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . 0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld . B one s n ea r ly g one . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 89 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave s ha l low a nd s ho r t . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

G rave o ve r

GRAVE 1 97 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . C of in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . B uck le . Sma l l , i r on . 3 . N a i l s . 4 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 1 90 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . C of in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 1 98 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 9 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 99 . P r ima ry i n s ma l l b a r row . G rave s hor t a nd s ha l low . C h i ld . T race so fb one so n ly . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 92 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . U nde r s ame b a r row a sg rave 1 93 . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 00 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . C of in . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . B one s v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de , o u t s ide c of i n . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . ' Hem i sphe r ica l ' . 3 . S tud s . x 3 , b road -headed , i r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing s . 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . 5 . B uck le . I r on , s ma l l . 6 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 93 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . U nde r s ame b a r row ,a nd p a ra l le lt o ,g rave 1 92 . T r ip le? I nhuma t ion . B one s o f al e a s t t wo i n d iv idua l s d i s tu rbed , o ne s ke le ton l y ing i n g r ave u nd i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e .

2 46

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 7 . 8 .

K n if e . N a i l s .

7 . C oppe r a l loy b ow l . L a rge , w i th t wo h and le s ,a nd t r ive ts t and . 8 . C oppe r a l loy b ow L Sma l le r t h an 7 ,a nd f o und i n s ide i t . T h r ee h and le s . T h r ee c oppe r r e pa i rp a t che ss o lde red o n . 2 05B : C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . V e ry w e l l p r e se rv ed s k e le ton . B one s p l aced i n ah eap , o u t s ide f o o to fc off in . . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l? G reen g l a s s p a lm c up . May h ave b een a s soc ia t ed w i th 2 05A .*

GRAVE 2 0 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . " Young p e r son" . B one sv e ry d ecayed . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 02 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . B one s p oo r ly p r e served . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 06 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . B ote s p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 03 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of f in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rd ed . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 07 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . N a i l s . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 04 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u rn t c of i n . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 08 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B ur n t c of f in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I . S pea rhead . O nr i gh t , o u t s ide c off in . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . ' Hem i sphe r ica l ' . 3 . S t ud s . x 3 , i r on , b road -headed . S h ie ld f i t t ing s . 4 . S h ie ld g r ip . L ong g r ip . 5 . S wo rd . L eng th a bou t7 6cm . 6 . K n if e . 7 . K n if e . 8 . R i ve t s . x 2 , c oppe ra loy . 9 . N a i l s . 1 0 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 05 ( Doug la s ' t umu lu sX IV ) . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row " exceeded t h e m idd le s i ze" . G rave v e ry l a rge , a bou t 3 . 05m l o ng , 2 . 44m w ide , 1 . 83m d eep . B u rn t c off in , v e ry t h ick p ane l s , b ound a tc o rne r s w i th i r on c l amp s . C off in l a rge , i np ropo r t ion t og r av e . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s k e le ton i nc off in , o ne c h i ld o u t s ide f o o to fc of in . 2 05A ( i n c of i n ) : J uven i le o r a du l t , p r obab ly f ema le . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . S ku l l v e ry s ma l l ,w i th " av e ry l ow o rs h o r tf o r ehead" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C ompo s i te d i sc b rooch . ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 1 79 , c l a s s 3 . 2 ; t h e K ing s ton B rooch ) . N ea rn eck ,t owa rd sr i gh ts hou lde r .* 2 . P endan t . G o ld , c i r cu la r w i th s u spen s ion l o op . C en t ra l b o s s a tc en t re o fs i x -po in t ed s t a r d e s ign . N ea rd i sc b rooch .* 3 . B rooche s . x 2 , s i lve r , R oman , s a f e ty p i n t y pe . N ea rl ef tt h igh .* 4 . B ox f i t t ing s . I r on , a tf e e t . Wood a ta ched . 5 . C ha te la ine . I r on c ha in l i nk s . 6 . P o t tery v e s se l . C a r ina t ed b ow l . R ed f a b r ic .*

GRAVE 2 09 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . GRAVE 2 10 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . s ho r tb u t` d eep i sh ' . B u rn tc off in . C h i ld . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved .

2 47

G rave

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s .

3 . P la t e . O va l i r on p l a te . r i ve t ed t h rough i t .

T ang o fk n if e 1

GRAVE 2 11 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . C of f in . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead L a rge , b l ue a nd w h i t e g l a s s . S u spend ed o nw i r e . N ea rs ku l l . 2 . R ing . S i lve r , s l end e r , w i th b l ue b ead s u spended . 3 . B ead Sma l l . 4 . K n if e . 5 . N a i l s . 6 . P in . C oppe ra l loy ,h o l low .

GRAVE 2 17 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f i n . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . A rm s a c ro s s r i b s . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " A m idd le -aged p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . GRAVE 2 18 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " An e l de r ly p e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . S ma l l , i r on . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Sma l l , b l a ck f a b r ic , a tf e e t . B roken b ys pade . 3 . P la te s . C oppe ra loy , x 3 . 4 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 12 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . GRAVE 2 13 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C off in . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sd ecayed . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . A r rowhead ? O rs ma l ls p ea rhead . 3 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 19 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . " Young p e r son" , s e xn o td e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se r ved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 12 , s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . L ink s . I r on l i nk s , c o r roded t o ge the r . 3 . S t rap -end C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 14 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B one s v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . N a i l s . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 20 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . " An o l dp e r son" . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 2 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . C off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . " An o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . S ma l l , i r on . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 15 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . G rave v e ry n a r row a tb o t tom ,j u s tw ide e nough t oa dm i tc o rp se . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 22 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . B ur n t c of in . S t rong s me l l n o t iced w h en g r ave e xcava t ed . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra loy . N ea rh ead .*

GRAVE 2 16 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L a rg e rt h an 2 . 2 . K n if e .

2 48

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 2 . T h read -box . C oppe r a l loy c y l inde r , c on ta in ing t wo c oppe ra l loy n eed le s , a nd p i ece o fc l o th . 3 . T hread -box . L a rge c oppe r a l loy c y l inde r a nd l i d ,w i th t wo c ha in sl i nk ing l i d . 4 . B e l l . I r on , w i th c oppe r a l loy s u spen s ion l i nk s .* 5 . C ha t e la ine . I r on l i nk so fc ha in . 6 . B ox . A t f e e t , a bou t 3 0cm s qua re . I r on h i ng e s . 7 . K ey . C oppe r a l loy k ey , s u spended o n c oppe r a l loy r i ng w i th z oomo rph ic t e rm ina l . R oman .* 8 . N a i l s . ' S eve ra l ' ,a tb o t tom o fg r ave .

G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . L a rg e . 2 . N a i l s . GRAVE 2 29 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . B one s v e ry d ecayed . N og r ave g ood s .

I I . E xcava ted b y Augu s t -Oc tober 1 772 .

B .

F au s se t t ,

GRAVE 2 30 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . G rave v e ry s h a l low . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 23 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C off in . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rd ed . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 ,n ea rn eck . 2 . R ing . S i lve r ,s l id ing k no t . 3 . O b jec t . I r on . 4 . K n if e . 5 . N a i l s . 6 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 31 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . C of f in ,v e ry t h ick p ane l s . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg on e . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . Two o rt h r ee . GRAVE 2 32 . P r ima ry i n s ma l l b a r row . B u rn t c off in , v e ry t h ick p ane l s . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a loy , o c tagona l h ead . N ea r s ku l l .

GRAVE 2 24 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 33 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . B ur n tc of f in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . O nl e f ts i de .

GRAVE 2 25 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 34 . P r ima ry i n " s ca r ce ly d i scer n ib le " G rave v e ry s ha l low a nd s ma l l . C h i ld . B one sn ea r ly g one . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . C oppe ra loy ,s ma l l .

GRAVE 2 26 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . " Am idd le -aged" p e r son . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 27 . P r im a ry i n ' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . B u rn t c off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . B one s v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s .

b a r row .

GRAVE 2 35 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc o ff in . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rac tea te . G o ld , c r uc if o rm d e s ign s u r rounded b yS t y le I i n t e r lace . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 6 ,a me thy s t s . 3 . B ead s . x 16 , s ma l l ,g l a s s . 4 . S hea r s . 5 . K n if e . 6 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 28 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i zed ' b a r row . C of f in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . B one s v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved .

2 49

A pp end ix 2 :S i te sG -M . GRAVE 2 43 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nv e ry s ma l l , l ow b a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . A ppa ren t ly o pened b ef o re . P robab le c h i ld . B one s ' sma l l ' , a nd p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 36 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . B u rn tc of in . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s .

GRAVE 2 44 . P r ima ry i nv e ry s ma l l b a r row . B u rn tc off in . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P la t e . C oppe ra l loy , d eco ra ted , t h r ee r i ve t h o le s . P robab ly f r om ab uck le p l a te .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . F e r ru l e . I r on ,f r om s p ea r? 4 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e s e t w i th s i xs i lve rs t ud s .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on ,s ma l l . 6 . N a i l? I r on , w i th p i ece o fl e ad a ta ch ed a t o ne e nd .

GRAVE 2 37 . P r ima ry i n s ma l l b a r row . B u rn t c of in , v e ry t h ick p ane l s . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r av eg ood s . GRAVE 2 38 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . p r e se rved . " An o l dp e r son" . N og r av eg ood s .

S k e le ton w e l l

GRAVE 2 39 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . B u rn tc off in . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 45 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . S h ie ld o n t o ngue , w i th t r unca ted t r iangu la rp l a te .*

GRAVE 2 40 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . " Young p e r son" . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . S ma l l .

GRAVE 2 46 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S hea r s . 2 . B ead s . x 2 , a me thy s t s . 3 . K n if e . Sma l l .

GRAVE 2 4 1 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . B u rn tc off in . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rac tea t e . S i lve r , b a ckwa rd look ing b i rd , p r obab ly S t y le I . * 2 . P endan t s . x 2 ,t r apezo id ,s i lve r , i n la id w i th r e ds t one s .* 3 . B ead s? x 2 , s i lve r . Wh i te d oub le t h r ead s u rv ived i nt h em .* 4 . B ead s . x 3 , ' e a r then ' . O ne a dhe r ed t oe nd o fo n eo fs i lve rb ead s . 5 . B ead . B lue ,s u spended o nw i re r i ng .

GRAVE 2 47 . rave a bou t 0 . 92m P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G d eep . k e le ton i n se r t ed D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s a bove a no the r . e x n o t r e co rded . 2 47A ( u ppe r ) : A ge a nd s S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . e x n o t r e co rded . 2 47B ( l ow e r ) : A ge a nd s S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r av eg ood s .

( GRAVE? 2 42 . ) V e ry l a rg e b a r row , a te a s t c o rne r o fc eme t e ry , " . . .nex t B a rham D own , a nd c l o se t ot h e r o ad l e ad ing f r om K ing s ton t o I l ed en , o n t h e l e f t h and . . ." . D iame te r o f m ound a bou t " 18 p a ce s" , h e igh ta bou t 1 . 83m . Mound d i s tu rbed , r o bb e r t r ench v i s ib le i n t o p . T oba cco p i pe ( e a r ly 1 7t h c en tu ry? ) i n f i l l o f r obbe r t r en ch . O y s t e rs h e l l , b oa r 's t u sk a nd o xb one i nm ak e u po fm ound . N og r ave d i scove red .

GRAVE 2 48 . P r ima ry i n " s ca r ce ly d i scer n ib le" G rave v e ry s ho r t . P robab l ec h i ld ,b one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 2 ,y e l low g l a s s .

2 50

b a r row .

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . GRAVE 2 49 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rav e v e ry s ha l low . A g ea nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l ,w i th p l a t e . 2 . K n if e .

A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

S ke le ton w e l l

( GRAVE 2 57 . ) L a rge b a r row , d i ame te r a bou t 6 . 10m , h e igh t a bou t 1 . 83m . I n l i ne w i th t wo o t he r l a rg e m ound s , a nd o n ly b a r row s i tua t ed o n s ou th e a s t s i de o f K ing s ton t o I l ed en r o ad . P r ev iou s ly d i s tu rbed ,w i th h o l low i nt o p . D i s tu rbed h uman b one s . N og r ave g ood sr e cov e r ed .

GRAVE 2 50 . P r ima ry i nv e ry s ma l lb a r row . B u rn tc of in . A g ea nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy f i ng e rr i ng w i th s p i ra l b ez e l .* 2 . B ead s . x 2 ,s ma l l , ' e a r th en ' .

GRAVE 2 58 . P r ima ry i n " s ca r ce ly d i scer n ib le" b a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . S ma l l , i r on . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 51 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 6 1m d eep . B u rn tc of in . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s? I r on .

GRAVE 2 59 . P r ima ry i n " s ca r ce ly d i scer n ib le" b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . B ur n tc of f in . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 2 ,g l a s s , 1b l ue , 1r e d . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 52 . P r ima ry i n " s ca r ce ly d i sce rn ib le" b a r row . G rav el o ng a nd s ha l low . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 60 . P r ima ry i n " s ca r ce ly d i scer n ib le" b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc of in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rv ed . T ee th w o rn . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . " Kno t t ed" r i ng , w i th t wo b ead s s t r ung o n i t . 2 . F ragmen t s . T h r ee o r f o u r i r on b i t s , n ea r n eck .

GRAVE 2 53 . P r ima ry i n " s ca rce ly d i scer n ib le " b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 46m d eep . B u rn tc of f in . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rac tea te . G o ld .* 2 . B ead s . x 9 , 5a me thy s t s , 3s ma l l g l a s s , b l ue ,r e da nd w h i t e , 1l o ng b l ue g l a s s . 3 . S hea r s . 4 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic , a t f e e t . B rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion .

GRAVE 2 6 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s i z ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 83m d eep . D i s tu rbed . B one sl y ing i nh eap . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 2 54 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row b a r e ly v i s ib le . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 62 . P r ima ry i n " s ca r ce ly d i scer n ib le" b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . B ur n t c off in , v e ry t h ick p ane l s . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . C oppe ra loy ,f i nge r r ing .* 2 . S p ind l e -who r l . F i red c l ay? d i sc , w i th t h r ee c i r c le ss u r round ing c en t ra lh o le .* 3 . S p ind l e -who r l . F i r ed c l ay?* 4 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on , r u s ted t o o ne o f t h e s p ind le -who r l s .

GRAVE 2 55 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row b a r e ly v i s ib le . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . L eng th 1 2 .5cm .* GRAVE 2 56 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B a r row b a r e ly v i s ib le .

2 51

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 5 . K n if e . 6 . S t rap -end . C oppe r t h rough i t . * 7 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

a loy ,

w i th

GRAVE 2 70 . G rave v e ry s ha l low . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

r i ng

GRAVE 2 63 . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i n" s ca rce ly d i sce rn ib le" b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n t c of i n . A du l t ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined . B one sa lmo s tg one . " An o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . N a i l s? I r on . 2 . P o t ter ys he rd s . B lack .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 2 7 1 . G rav ev e ry s h a l low . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 72 . G rave a bou t0 . 61m d eep . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

I V . E xcava ted b y B . F au s se t t , Augu s tt oS ep tember 1 773 .

GRAVE 2 73 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . U ppe rf i l lo ff l i n t s . D oub le i n huma t ion . O ne s k e le ton h ad d i s tu rbed a ne a r l ie rb u r ia l . 2 73A : D i s tu rbed b one s i nl owe rf i l lo fg r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . B rok en . Among s t d i s tu rbed b one s . 2 73B : A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . L y ing i n b o t tom o fg r ave . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rv ed . G rav eg ood s : I .K n if e .

GRAVE 2 64 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B lade 8 cm l o ng . N ea rl e f th i p .* GRAVE 2 65 . G rav e0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . L a rg ea mbe r ,n ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e . N ea rl e f th i p .

GRAVE 2 74 . G rav ea bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 66 . G rave v e ry s h a l low . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 75 . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n t c of i n , t h ick p ane l s . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 67 . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . A g ea nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 2 ,a me thy s t s ,n ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e . 3 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 76 . G rave v e ry s h a l low . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 2 68 . G rave v e ry s h a l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 4 ,o paque g l a s s .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 2 77 . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc of i n . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 69 . G rave v e ry s ha l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . A rm l e t . C oppe r a loy , w i th t wo s l id ing k no t s . A tm idd le o fg r ave .

GRAVE 2 78 . G rave a tl e a s t 1 . 22m d eep . B u rn t c of i n , v e ry t h ick p ane l s .

2 52

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

S k e le ton w e l l

GRAVE 2 86 . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on . Sma l l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 79 . G rav ev e ry s ha l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 80 . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . D oub le i n huma t ion ,a du l ta nd c h i ld . 2 80A : A du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . a lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s . 2 80B : C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 2 87 . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc offm . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nl e f ts i de o fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . B uck l e . Sma l l , i r on .

B one s

GRAVE 2 81 . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of in . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 2 82 . G r ave 0 . 92m d eep . B one s o f p o leca t? a nd s ma l l m amma l s a nd b i rd s i n f i l l o f g r av e . P robab ly b u r row . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r av eg ood s . GRAVE 2 83 . G r ave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B u rn t ,t h ick ,c of i n . A g e a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 88 . G rave a bou t0 . 61m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 2 89 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 2 90 . G rav ea bou t0 . 92m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

S ke le ton w e l l

GRAVE 2 9 1 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 92 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 84 . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . B ur n tc off in . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . Sma l l , o nl e f ts i de o fs ku l l . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,s ma l l . 3 . K n if e . 4 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 2 93 . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc of i n . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 2 94 . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 85 . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . A g ea nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy ,s ma l l . 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 95 . G rave a bou t0 . 31m d eep . C h i ld . B one sn ea r ly g one .

2 53

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 1 . B race le t . P i ece o f , g i l t c oppe r a loy . I n b ox . 1 2 . P i ece o fw ood F l a t b o t tom , c onvex t o p . I nb ox? 1 3 . B ead ? I r r egu la r p i ece o fy e l low i sh e a r th , p i e r ced . G ave o fs wee ts me l l . I nb ox ? 1 4 . B ox . A t f e e t , w ood r ema in s . A bou t2 5cm b y 1 5 cm . W i th i r on a nd c oppe ra loy f i t t ing s . 1 5 . B rooch . C ompo s i t e d i sc ( Aven t c l a s s 3 . 2 , c o rpu sn o . 9 3 ) . I nb ox 1 4 .* 1 6 . S he l l . C oncha V ene r i s . I nb ox 1 4 ? 1 7 . S he l l . L impe t . 1 8 . S p ind le -who r l s . x 2 . 1 9 . P ebb l e . 2 0 . O b j ec t . P i ece o fi v o ry o rb one . 2 1 . S p ind l e s . x 2 , i v o ry o rb one .* 2 2 . C omb . I v o ry .* 2 3 . S qua re . S qua r e p i ece o fi v o ry , f o u rh o le s a tc o rne r s .* 2 4 . B ox f i t t ing . P a r to fl o ck? C oppe ra l loy .* 2 5 . P endan t . C i r cu la r s i lve r f r ame s e t w i th o paque b l u i sh s t one . 2 6 . B e l l . ' Sma l l ' . 2 7 . B uck l e? Sma l l , c oppe ra l loy . 2 8 . P u r se -moun t . I r on .*

G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic , s ma l l . J u s t b e low t u rf ,a bove s k e le ton . B rok en b ys pade . GRAVE 2 96 . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg on e . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 97 . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . C h i ld . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . I v o ry o rb one a nnu la rd i sc , w i th c oppe ra l loy w i r ea t ta ched f o rs u spen s ion .* 2 . B ead s . x 5 ,g l a s s . S ma l l . 3 . R ing . S i lve r r i ng w i th y e l low b ead s t rung o ni t . 4 . R ing s . x 2 ,s i lve r , s l id ing k no t s . 5 . K n if e . N ea rl e f th i p . 6 . L a tch l i f ie r . I r on ,w i th s u spen s ion r i ng . GRAVE 2 98 /299 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . Two c of i n s . S he rd o f b l a ck p o t t e ry i nf i l l . D oub le i n huma t ion ,t wo s k e le ton s s i de b ys i d e , i ns e pa ra te c of f in s . 2 98 : A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved . T o l e f to f2 99 . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . S i lve r ,c i r cu la r ,s e tw i th s t one .* 2 . B ead s . x 12 ,n ea rn eck . S ma l l . 3 . R ing . C oppe r a loy , " kno t ted" , w i th s ma l l g r een b ead s u spended o n i t . 4 . R ing . C oppe r a loy w i r e , w i th s ma l l c oppe ra l loy d i sc t h r eaded o ni t . * 5 . K n if e . N ea rl e f th i p . 6 . C ha t e la ine . Ma s so fc o r roded i r on l i nk s . 2 99 : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S k e le ton w e l l p r e se rved , l y ing t or i gh to f2 98 . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 6 . 2a me thy s t sa nd 4o t he r s . N ea r n eck . 2 . B rooch . P l a t ed d i sc ( Aven t u nc la s s if ied , c o rpu sn o . 1 66 ) . N ea rn eck ?* 3 . A rm l e t . C oppe r a loy , w i th s i x a n ima l h ead si ne qu id i s tan tp a i r s . N ea rl e f th i p .* 4 . S hea r s . I r on . N ea rl e f th i p? 5 . L a tch l i f i e r . I r on . N ea rl e f th i p? 6 . K n if e . N ea rl e f th i p? 7 . F e r ru l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th r i ve t s . N ea r l e f th i p? 8 . C ha t e la ine . I r on c ha in l i nk s . 9 . B ox . R ema in s o f s ma l l , ' f l a t t i sh ' , r o und w ood en b ox . B e tween k nee s . 1 0 . C o in s . R oman , x 2 . C laud iu s a nd C a rau s iu s . I nb ox .

GRAVE 3 00 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , or na te o pen -wo rk p l a t ew i th t w in b ea s th ead so ne nd . 2 . K n if e . GRAVE 3 0 1 . G rave v e ry s ha l low . A du l t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead L a rge ,n ea rn eck . GRAVE 3 02 . G rave v e ry s ha l low a nd s ho r t . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . C la sp s . x 2 , l a rge i r on c o rne r c l a sp s . F o r b ox? I ng r ave f i l l .* 2 . C ha in l i nk s . I r on . I ng r ave f i l l?* 3 . C omb . I v o ry , d oub le s e t o ft e e th . N ea r r i gh ts hou lde r .* 4 . K n if e . Sma l l . GRAVE 3 03 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g ea nd s e xn o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . L a rg e , b l ack f a b r ic . A t f e e t . D e s t royed b ys pade .

2 54

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M .

V I I . E xcava ted b yV .E v i son , 1 959 .

GRAVE 3 04 . G rave v e ry s ha l low a nd v e ry s ho r t . C h i ld o r v e ry y oung p e r son . B one s a lmo s t g one . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead . Sma l l ,y e l low . N ea rn eck .

( GRAVES 3 11 ,3 12 , 3 13 . ) G rave su nd i s tu rbed . D e sc r ibed c o l lec t ive ly a s" poo r ly f u rn i shed" .

V I I I . D i scovered 1 965 , d ur ing p ipe l a y ing .

GRAVE 3 05 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . A du l t ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 2 ,s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . R ing . S i lv e r , k no t ted . L a rg e b l ue s t r iped b ead s t rung o ni t . 3 . S hea r s . Sma l l . 4 . K n if e .

( GRAVE 3 14 . ) G rave u nd i s tu rbed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 3 15 . ) G rave u nd i s tu rbed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . ( GRAVE 3 16 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e cove red . S ke le ton d i s tu rbed i nt o p so i l . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 3 06 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . A g ea nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 07 . G rave v e ry s ha l low . A g e a nd s ex n o t r e co rded . p r e se r ved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

I X . D i scovered i np ipe -t r ench , 1 966 . ( GRAVE 3 17 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

S k e le ton w e l l

( GRAVE 3 18 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 3 08 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . A g ea nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

( GRAVE 3 19 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cov e red .

V . E xcava ted b yT . Wr igh t , 1 850 .

2 90 . K ings ton I .

GRAVE 3 09 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . S k e le ton p robab le a du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 24 . G la s s a nd 6 a me thy s t s . A t n eck . L a rge s t ( g la s s ) r e pa i r ed w i th s i lv e r h oop . 2 . S hea r s . I r on . O nl ef ts i d e . 3 . K n if e . x 2 c oppe r a loy p l a t e s o n s h ea th . N ea rl e f ts hou lde r . 4 . K n if e . S ma l le rt h an ( 3 ) . 5 . F ragmen t s . Me ta l .

V I . D i scovered d igg ing , 1 944 .

d ur ing

I . E xcava ted Web s ter .

Apr i l

1 940 ,

G .

( GRAVE 1 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined . S ke le ton c r ou ched . N og r ave g ood s .

1 50 . L eeds I .

t r ench -

I .F ound 1 910 . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . 2 . S t ud . C oppe ra loy ,s hoe shaped .

GRAVE 3 10 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ,p robab ly m a le . "M idd le -ag ed" . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

2 55

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 3 . S h i e ld -bo s s . N ea r t h e h ead . 9r i v e t s o n r im . 4 . R ing . I r on . May b eb uck le l o op . 5 .I r on s t r ip . L . 1 5cm ,m ay b es h ie ld g r ip .

GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton o rg r ave r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . L ong b rooch . 2 . B rooch . R ad ia te , r ound k nob s , r ounded f o o t . 3 . B rooch . R ad ia te , d i sco id g a rne t i n la id k nob s , s t ra igh tf oo t . 4 . B rooch . S i lve r d i sc , c l o i sonné i n lay ( 4 s poked d i v i s ion sa r ound c en t ra lh ub ) . 5 . B rooch . S i lve r , k i dney shaped . C lo i sonné i n lay ( t r ip le g a rne tc l o i son s ) . 6 . ' E a r r ing s ' . x 2 . G ar n e ti n la id k nob s . 7 . P in . C oppe ra loy ,p o lyhed ra lh ead . 8 . R ing . G o ld f i nge r r i ng . B ez e l s e t w i th R oman i n tag l io .

1 52 . L enha m I . I . F ound March 3 rd 1 946 , when t r ench f or wa ter ma in d ug . GRAVE 1 . A x i s NE -S W . G rave a pp rox . 0 . 30m d eep " i n c ha lk " . P robab le a du l t , s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . S k e le ton d i s tu rbed , s ku l l r e s t ing o n l e f t s i de , c l o se t o h i p . R ib s" s ome d i s tance f r om s ku l la nd t u rned r o und" . T ee th w e l lp r e se rved b u tv e ry w o rn . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on . D a t ing u nce r ta in .

1 55 . L i t t lebourne I ,How le t ts .

I . D i scovered c .1 924 . H .D ewey .

I . D i scovered 1 913 -18 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o fg rave lp i t . L . Moy sey .

GRAVE i . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . F ranc i sca . I r on . O va l c oppe r a loy p l a t e o ve r h af t s o cke t , o r namen t ed w i th Q uo i t B rooch S t y le ' r unn ing h a re ' .*

GRAVE 1( Aka GRAVE A ) . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . K ey s tone g a rne t i n la id d i sc . C la s s 2 . 2( Aven tc o rpu sn o .4 1) .* 2 . B rooch . G i l t -coppe r a loy s qua r e -headed , S e r ie s I I . ( Le igh H o .1) .* 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy ,s h ie ld -on tongue .* 4 . B ead s . x 16 . Ambe r , g l a s s a nd 1 m i l le f io r i .* 5 . R ive t s . x 3 . S hoe shaped ,c oppe ra loy .* 6 . F o s s i L W i th ( 5 ) . E nc r in i te ,p e rf o r a t ed .

GRAVE i . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .A xe -head M in ia tu r e( 52mm b y2 6mm ) . GRAVE i . G rave l i ned w i th l a rge s t one s . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . B rok en . D a rk b r own f a b r ic w i th b u rn tf l i n tg r i t s . C o l lec t ion o ff l i n t s i n s ide p o t . 2 . B ow l . C oppe ra loy ,d i a . 1 4cm .

GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S i lve r q uo i t b rooch , w i th Q uo i t B rooch S t y le d eco ra t ion .* 2 . R ing . C o i led s i lve r f i nge r r i ng . N ow b r oken . 3 . G a rne t . L oo se s l iced p i ece .

GRAVE i v . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ow l . C oppe ra loy . 2 . " Pad lock" . I r on .

GRAVE 3 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . F r agmen to fj aw f ound a tw e s te nd o fg r av e . G rave g ood s : 1 . S word A t l e f ts i de , p o in t t owa rd s f e e t . L . 9 2cm . 2 . S pea rhead O n t h e r i gh t . L . 5 6cm , l e af s h aped b l ade , s o l id s o cke t .

GRAVE v . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l . ' P e rf ec t ' c ond i t ion . 2 . B ead s . Ambe r ,f ound i n s ide ( 1 ) .

I I . F ound p re -1 936 .

2 56

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , C la s s 1 . 1 ( Aven t c o rpu sn o . 1 0 ) .* 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l? 3 . B uck l e? C oppe ra loy . 4 . B uck l e? C oppe ra l loy . 5 . R ing? S i lve r .

( GRAVE 5 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy b u t ton . C la s s A l ( Aven ta nd E v i son 1 8 .2 ) .* 2 . B uck l e . G i l t -coppe ra loy , r e c tangu la rp l a te w i th S t y le Id eco ra t ion a nd c en t ra l ly s e tg a rne t . 3 . P la te . C oppe r a l loy , d eco ra ted i n Q uo i t B rooch S ty le . C u td own .* 4 . P in f ragmen t . C oppe ra loy ,f r om ab uck le . 5 . B rooch? K en t i sh d i sc b rooch o fC la s s 3 . 5 ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 1 0 1) . May b e f r om g r ave 7 . * 6 . B rooch f ragmen t? G i l th uman m a sk .

( GRAVE 1 2 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : I . B rooch . S qua re -headed , s i lve r , S e r ie s I , ( Le igh H o .12 i ) .* 2 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , s i lve r , S e r ie s I , ( Le igh H o .12 i i ) .* 3 . B ead s . 4 . B rooch? S ee g r ave 2 7 .1 . 5 . B rooch? S ee g r ave 2 7 .2 . 6 . B rooch? S ee g r ave 2 7 .3 . 7 . P la te? S ee g r ave 2 8 .5 .

( GRAVE 6 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l .

( GRAVE 1 3 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . B rooch f ragmen t . Q uo i t b rooch , s i lve r , Q uo i tB rooch S t y le d eco ra t ion .* 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . F rank i sh w hee l th rown b o t t le ( Ev i son t y pe 1 c . 1) .* 3 . I r on m a s s . C o r roded .

( GRAVE 7 . ) N od e t a i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s( a s soc ia t ion sd oub t f u l ) : 1 . B rooch . S qua r e -head ed . S i lve r , S e r ie s I , ( Le igh H o .7 i ) .* 2 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . S i lv e r , S e r ie s I , ( Le igh H o .7 i i ) .* 3 . B ead s . x 48 ,a mbe r . 4 . G la s s v e s se l . C law b eake r ( Ev i son t y pe 3 b . 12 ) .* 5 . B rooch? S ee g r ave 5 . 5 .

( GRAVE 1 4 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . C law b eake r ( Ev i son t y pe 3 b n o .13 ) .* 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . H and -made . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy ,s h ie ld -on tongu e . 4 . B ead s . Ambe ra nd g l a s s . 5 . S pea rhead

( GRAVE 8 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc b rooch , C la s s 2 . 4 ( Aven tc o rpu sn o . 2 . B ead s . x 8 . 3 . R ing s . C oppe ra l loy ,g i rd le r i ng s . 4 . C o in . R oman ,u n iden t if i ed . 5 .B ra idf ragmen t G o ld .

( GRAVE 1 5 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l .

( GRAVE 9 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , C la s s 2 . 1 ( Aven t c o rpu sn o . 3 0 ) .*

( GRAVE 1 6 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l . ( GRAVE 1 7 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , s i lve r , S e r ie s I , ( Le igh H o .17 ) .*

( GRAVE 1 0 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , C la s s 1 . 2 ( Aven t c o rpu sn o . 1 6 ) .*

( GRAVE 1 8 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , s i lve r , S e r ie s I , ( Le igh H o .18 i ) .*

( GRAVE 1 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) :

2 57

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG .M . 2 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed , s i lv e r , S e r ie s I , ( Le igh H o .18 i i ) .* 3 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , C la s s 2 . 5 , ( Aven t c o rpu sn o . 5 7 ) .* 4 . G la s s v e s se l . C one b eake r ( Ha rden t y pe I Ia i .11) . 5 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . 6 . S t rap -end . C oppe ra l loy . 7 . B ead s . x 2 . 8 . C oppe ra l loy p iece . S qua r e ,f r amed . 9 . N a i lc l eane r . C oppe ra loy . 1 0 . B uck le . G i l ts i lve r . 1 . F o s s i l . C ha lk ,p e rf o ra t ed . 1 2 . F l in t . P i ece o f .

A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l . ( GRAVE 2 6 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l . ( GRAVE 2 7 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . B rooch? B u t ton , c oppe r a l loy , C la s s A l , ( Aven t & E v i son 1 8 .3 ) . P o s s ib ly f r om g r ave 1 2 .* 2 . B rooch? B u t ton , c oppe r a l loy , C la s s A l , ( Aven t & E v i son 1 8 .4 ) . P o s s ib ly f r om g r av e 1 2 .* 3 . B rooch? B u t ton , c oppe r a loy , C la s s A i , ( Aven t & E v i son 1 8 .5 ) . P o s s ib ly f r om g r ave 1 2 .* 4 . G la s s v e s se l . C one b eake r ( Ha rden t y pe I ld .9 ) .* 5 . G la s s v e s se l . B ow l ( l a te -Roman , H a rden A d i i i .2 ) .*

( GRAVE 1 9 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l . ( GRAVE 2 0 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 .S wo rd 2 . B uck l e . G i l t -coppe r a loy . S t y le I o rnamen t .* 3 . P la t e s . G i l t -coppe ra l loy . S t y le Io r namen t . 4 . S wo rd -bead Y e l low g l a s s .

( GRAVE 2 8 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 .S wo rd 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th s i lve ri n lay . 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy d i sc . 4 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy a nnu la r . 5 . P la t e? C oppe r a loy b e l t -p la te , r e -u sed a s b r ooch . Q uo i t B rooch S t y le d eco ra t ion . May b ef r om g r ave 1 2 .*

( GRAVE 2 1 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . B rooch . S qua r e -head ed , c oppe r a loy , S e r ie sI I ,( Le igh H o .21) .* 2 . C ry s ta lb a l l . W i th s i lve rm oun t . 3 . T wee ze r s? 4 . B ead s .

( GRAVE 2 9 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : I . B rooch . B u t ton , c oppe r a loy , C la s s B i , ( Aven t &E v i son n o . 1 8 .1) .* 2 . B ead s . x 2 ,b l ue m e lon ,b rown g l a s s .

( GRAVE 2 2 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l . ( GRAVE 2 3 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , c oppe r a loy , S e r ie sI I ,( Le igh H o .23 i ) .* 2 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , c oppe r a loy , S e r ie sI I , ( Le igh H o .23 i i ) .* 3 . B rooch . B i rd b rooch , s i lve r . 4 . B ead s . x 2 ,a mbe r ,c r y s ta l . 5 . B ucke tm oun t ing s . 2l e ng th s , c oppe ra loy .

( GRAVE 3 0 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . C one b eake r ( Ha rden t y pe Ia i .12 ) .* ( GRAVE 3 1 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l . ( GRAVE 3 2 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l .

( GRAVE 2 4 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l .

( GRAVE 3 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l .

( GRAVE 2 5 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded .

2 58

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 8 . C o in . R oman , C on s tan t ine I . A t r i gh t f o r ea rm . 9 . P in . C oppe ra l loy , a tl e f to fs ku l l .* 1 0 . P la te s . x 2 , c oppe r a l loy , r i ve ted , a tr i gh t o fs ku l l ,a nd a tn eck . 1 . B ox f i t t ing s? ' I ron c omp lex ' , a t r i gh t s i de .

( GRAVE 3 4 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub t f u l . ( GRAVE 3 5 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s2 72° . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . S up ine e x tended , a rm s s t ra igh t . 1 . 7m o / al e ng th i ng round . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

( GRAVE 3 6 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . A s soc ia t ion o fg r ave g ood sd oub tf u l . ( GRAVE 3 7 . ) N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G r av eg ood s ( a s soc ia t ion sd oub tf u l ) : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . C law b eake r ( Ev i son t y pe 3 c .17 ) .* 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s9 7 ° . G rave 0 . 41m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S up ine e x t ended ,a rm ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy , a tl ef tw a i s t .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f ta rm .* 3 . C o in . R oman , i l eg ib le . 4 . S t ud G i l t c oppe r a loy , s e t w i th p i ece o f ' w ine -co lou red ' g l a s s ( i n tag l io? ) . P o s s ib ly s c abba rd f i t t ing f r om k n if e .* 5 . F ragmen t s . C oppe r a l loy , x 2 . F ound c l o se t o k n if e . P o s s ib ly p i ece s o f t u be , w i th z oomo rph ic d eco ra t ion .*

1 57 . L ower H a ls tow I . I .D i scovered p re -1893 . GRAVE I . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S wo rd . 2 .S pea rhead . 3 . " O ther o b jec t s" .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s 9 0 ° . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . D i s t u rbed b y f o unda t ion sf o rs h ed . A du l tm a le . S up ine e x tended ,a rm ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T o l e f t o f s ku l l , i n la id w i th w i r e .* 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . B yl e f ta nk le . 3 . P u r se -moun t . I r on ,a tp e lv i s . 4 . K n if e . A tp e lv i s . 5 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th g r ip . F ragmen ta ry .

1 60 . L I /m i me I . F ound D ecember 1 953 , d ur ing c on s truc t ion o fs hed . A . Warhur s t . GRAVE 1 . A x i s 1 0 1° . G rave 0 . 56m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . S up ine e x t ended , l i mb s s t ra igh t , h ead p i l lowed . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved , 1 . 75m o / a l e ng th i n g r ound . E v id ence o fw ide sp r ead o s t eoa r th r i t i s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B y l e f t e l bow , i n ser ted v e r t ica l ly i n to g r ave . W i th g r ip a nd f i t t ing s .* 2 . S pea rhead A tl ef to fs ku l l .* 3 . S pea rf e r ru l e . B yl e f ta nk le . 4 . A xe -head S t and ing v e r t ica l ly , b l ad e d ownwa rd s ,b yl e f tw r i s t .* 5 . B uck l e . S i lve r g i l t l o op , w i th g i l t c oppe r a loy p l a t e , d eco ra ted w i th S t y le I o r namen ta t ion . A t l ef t w a i s t , t o ngue p o in t ing r i gh t .* 6 . K n if e . A tr i gh tf o rea rm . 7 . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a loy . A t r i gh t f o r ea rm .*

GRAVE 5 . A x i s 8 7 ° . G rav e 0 . 76m d eep . D i s tu rbed b y f o unda t ion sf o rs h ed . Y oung a du l t m a le . S up ine e x tended . A rm s s t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . A t r i gh to fs ku l l . L y ing p o in t u pwa rd s , a t4 5° f r om h o r izon ta l .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . A tl e f ts hou lde r .* 3 . F i t t ing s . C omp lex o fc oppe ra l loy f i t t ing s , r i ng , w ood f r agmen t s . P robab ly r ema in s o f b ox . B yl e f ta nk le . 4 . P u r se -moun t . I r on f r agmen t so f ,a tw a i s t . 5 . C omb . B one , w i th i r on r i ve t s . A tr i gh to f s ku l l . GRAVE 6 .

2 59

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . A x i s8 3° . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . A du l tm a le . S up ine e x t ended , r i gh ta rm a c ro s s p e lv i s . B ody l y ing a l ong o ne s i de o fg r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead A tr i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . A tr i gh ta nn . 3 . R ing C oppe ra loy . B yl e f tl e g . 4 . B uck l e . I r on . A tw a i s t .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s8 2 ° . G rave 0 . 48m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . S up ine e x t ended , a rm s s t ra igh t . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rv ed . 1 . 78m o / a l e ng th i ng r ound . G rave g ood s : I . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , k i dn ey shaped l o op , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a te . A t r i gh t w a i s t , t o ngue t or i gh t .* 2 . B e l tp la t e s . x 2 , r e c tangu la r , c oppe r a loy . A tr i gh ta nd l e f tw a i s t .* 3 . K n if e . A tr i gh ta rm . 4 . F l in t s . x 2 ,s ma l l ,w o rked , a tr i gh ta rm . 5 . B uck l e . Sma l l c oppe r a l loy b uck le a nd p l a t e ,a tp e lv i s ,t o ngue t owa rd sf e e t .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s 1 07 ° . G rave 0 . 64m d eep . G rave p robab ly d i s tu rbed . S ex a nd a ge n o t d e te rm ined . P a r t o fo ne l e g b one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , a tl e f tw a i s t . 3 . A xe -head S t and ing v e r t ica l ly , b l ade d ownwa rd s , a tr i gh ta rm .*

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s 8 3 ° . G rave 0 . 69m d eep . Y oung a du l t f ema le . S up ine e x t ended , r i gh t a rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . S ku l l ' c o l lap sed ' . G rav eg ood s : I . G la s s v e s se l . B o t t le , s t and ing v e r t ica l ly a t r i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . P la t e . C oppe r a loy , r i ve t ed . A t r i gh t e l bow . 3 . B uck l e . I r on , a tw a i s t . 4 . K n if e . 5 . T oo th . S heep?

GRAVE 8 . A x i s9 1° . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . D i s tu rbed . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . D i s tu rbed a bove k nee s , b one s a tt h a tp o in t f ound i nb a ck -f i l l . L ef tl e g c r o s sed o ve rr i gh ta ta nk le . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

F ound d ur ing f ur ther e xcava t ion , Augu s t 1 954 . A .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s9 8° . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tended , a rm s s t ra igh t , h ead p i l lowed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

Warhur s t . GRAVE 9 . A x i s7 9 ° . G rave 0 . 53m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t f ema le . S up ine e x t ended , l e f t a rm a c ro s sp e lv i s ,h ead p i l low ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . S i lve r -p la ted . T ongue p o in t ing r i gh t .* 2 . R ive t s . x 2 , c i r cu la r , c oppe r a loy . F rom b e l t .*

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s6 8° . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . O n l ef t s i de , l e g s f l exed s l igh t ly , r i gh t l e g c r o s sed o ve r l e f t a t k nee , r i gh t a rm a c ro s s p e lv i s . 1 . 7m o / a l e ng th i n g r ound . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on , a tl e f tw a is t , t o ngu e p o in t ing l e f t .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s8 1° . G rave 0 . 51m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t f ema le . S up in e e x t ended , l e f t a rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy p enannu la r b r ooch , w i th Q uo i t B rooch S t y le d eco ra t ion . A t r i gh t s hou lde r .* 2 . B rooch . A pp l ied s a uce r . A t l e f t s hou lde r .*

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s 1 02 ° . P r ima ry i nb a r row? G rav e 0 . 36m d eep . A r ea o f c ha lk l ump s a r ound g r ave i n t o p so i l . P o s s ib ly r ema in so f mound . N os k e le ta lm a t e r ia lr e cove red . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tw a i s t ? 2 . B ead Ambe r . O nc he s t? 3 . A rm l e t . C oppe r a loy e xpand ing r i ng . A t r i gh tf o o t ?* 4 . R ing . S i lve r , a tl e f t f oo t? S p i ra l f i nge r r i ng .*

GRAVE 1 . A x i s 8 7 ° . G rave 0 . 7 1m d eep . A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x t ended , b o th a rm s a c ro s sp e lv i s ,f e e tc r o s sed ,h ead p i l lowed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

2 60

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s G -M . 5 . B uck le . S i lve r -p la ted , c oppe r a l loy . L oop o n ly . A tr i gh tw a is t?* 6 . B rooch . R ad ia te -headed . C oppe r a l loy , g a rne t -se tk nobs . A tw a is t , h ead t owa rd s l ef t .* 7 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy b u t ton b rooch . A t c hes t?* 8 .

B ead s .

x 105 , g l a ss a nd a mbe r .

T weezer s . C oppe ra l loy , a tl ef tw a is t .* K n if e . A t l ef tw a is t . B ead . Ambe r , a tl ef tw a i s t .

5 .

P ur se -moun t . I r on , a tl ef tw a is t .*

P robab ly

GRAVE 2 3 . A x is 7 2° . G rave 0 . 46m d eep .

P robab ly

Ma tu re a du l t m a le . S up ine e x tended , a rm s s t ra igh t , h ead p i l lowed .

i nt h ree s t r ing s . 9 . B rac tea te . G o ld D -b rac tea te . w orn a sc en t re -p iece o fn eck lace .*

2 . 3 . 4 .

G rave g ood s :

1 0 . L a tch l if t er? I r on .

I . B uck le . C opper a l loy , a t r i gh t w a is t , t o ngue p o in t ing l ef t .

1 . P in . T ip o fi r on p in , p o s s ib ly b rooch p i n .

2 .

B e l tp la te . I r on , a tl ef tw a is t .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x is 8 4° . G rave 0 . 76m d eep .

GRAVE 2 4 .

Ma tu re a du l t f ema le .

A x is 5 4° . G rave 1 . 2m b y0 . 53m . 0 . 38m d eep . C h i ld , a ged a bou t 5y ea r s . O n r i gh t s i de , l e g s f l exed . S ke le ton i np oo rc ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e sse l . C a r ina ted b ow l , i n t op

S up ine e x tended , a rm s

s t ra igh t , l ef t l e g c rossed o ve r r i gh t a t a nk le . 1 . 6m o / a l e ng th i ng round . G rave g ood s : I . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , w i th h ear t -shaped c l o i sonné -se tp la te .*

c or ner o fb ow l , t ol e f to fs ku l l .* 2 . B rooch . s hou lde r .*

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s 3 8° . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . Ma tu re a du l t f ema le .

3 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy . o ppos i te s hou lde rt o2 . *

S up ine e x tended , l ef t

a rm a c ross p e lv is , h ead p i l lowed . l e ng th i ng round . N o g rave g oods r e co rded .

1 . 53m o / a

4 .

a c ro s s

p e lv is ,

a nd

A t

B ead s . x 16 , 1 5 g la s s , 1b one . O n c he s t . A t l ef t

GRAVE 2 5 .

S up ine e x tended , r i gh t a rm k nees

A t

E qua l -a rmed .

5 . B ead s . x 7 , g l a ss . O n c he s t . 6 . F ragmen t s . I r on , p robab ly k ey s . w a is t .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x is 6 4° . G rave 0 . 36m d eep . A du l t f ema le .

C oppe r a l loy , e qua l -a rmed .

a nk le s

A x is 1 01° . G rave 0 . 56m d eep .

' b unched

A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tended , l ef t h and o ve r

t oge ther ' . 1 . 53m o / a l e ng th i ng round .

l ef t t h igh .

N o g rave g oods r e co rded .

o / a l e ng th i ng round . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 0 . A x is 3 0° . G rave 0 . 61 m d eep .

I . B rooch . s hou lde r .*

Ma tu re a du l t ma le . S up ine e x tended , l ef t a rm a c ro s sp e lv is , r i gh ta rm o ve r l ef t .

2 . B rooch . s hou lde r .*

S ke le ton i ng ood c ond i t ion , 1 . 58m

C oppe r a l loy , a nnu la r . A pp l ied

s auce r .

A t l e f t A t

r i gh t

N og rave g oods r e co rded . GRAVE 2 6 . GRAVE 2 1 .

A x is 8 8° . G rave 0 . 4m d eep .

A x i s9 1° . G rave 0 . 61 m d eep .

J uven i le ,

Ma tu re a du l t ma le .

d e term ined . S up ine e x tended , r i gh t a rm a c ross

a c ros s

p e lv is ,

S up ine e x tended , l ef t a rm

k nee s

a nd

a nk les

' b unched

a ged

a bou t

1 5

y ea r s ,

s ex

n o t

p e lv is , l e f ta rm a c ross r i gh t .

t oge ther ' . 1 . 73m o / a l e ng th i ng round . No g rave g ood sr e co rded .

N o g rave g oods r e co rded .

GRAVE 2 2 .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x is 1 01° . G rave 1 . 2m b y0 . 63m , 0 . 69m d eep .

A x is 8 2° . G rave 0 . 58m d eep .

C h i ld , a ged 2 -6 y ea r s .

A du l t ma le . S up ine e x tended , l ef t a rm o ve r r i gh t p e lv is , r i gh t a rm o ve r l ef t w r i s t . 1 . 73m

s t ra igh t . S ke le ton i np oo rc ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : I .

o / a l e ng th i ng round . G rave g oods : 1 .

B uck le .

G i l t

m a tch ing b e l t -p la te .

S up ine e x tended , a rms

B race le t .

C oppe r a l loy w i re , a r ound l e f t

f o rearm .* a nd

2 .

K n if e . A tr i gh ts hou lde r .

A t r i gh t w a is t , t ongue t o

3 .

P ur se -moun t .

s i lve r ,

w i th

p l a te

r i gh t .*

k n if e , f a ce d own .*

2 61

C lo isonné se t , u nde rnea th

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 4 . 5 .

B uck l e . I r on ,c l o se t op u r se -moun t . B ead s . x 9 , 6a mbe r , 2g l a s s , 1t o o th?

Y oung a du l t m a le . S up ine e x tended , r i gh t a rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . 1 . 75m o / al e ng th i ng r ound . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f ta rm . 2 . B uck le . S i lve r -p la ted , w i th C lo i sonn é se t , k i dney shaped , p l a te . A t w a i s t , t o ngue p o in t ing l e f t .* 3 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . G rave d i s tu rbed . Ma tu re a du l t f ema le . S up ine e x t ended , d i s tu rbed b e tween p e lv i s a nd s ku l l . S ke le ton 1 . 55m o / al e ng th i ng round . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I nb a ck -f i l l . 2 . C o in . R oman , C on s tan t ine I .B enea th l e f t l e g .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 1 24 ° . G rave 0 . 84m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t f ema le . O n r i gh t s i de w i th l e g s s l igh t ly f l exed , l e f ta rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . ' S ' b rooch . A tn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 8 ,g l a s s . N ea r 1 .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s9 7 ° . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . Ma tu re a du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tended , l e f t a rm a c ro s sp e lv i s . 1 . 63m o l al e ng th i ng r ound . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f ta rm . 2 . B uck l e . I r on ' k idney shaped ' b uck le a nd p l a t e . B uck le i n la id w i th s i lve rw i r e .*

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s7 9 ° . G rave 0 . 89m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . S up ine e x t end ed , a rm s s t ra igh t . H o le i ns ku l l . 1 . 75m o / a l e ng th i n g r ound . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s9 0 ° . G rave 0 . 7 1m d eep . Y oung a du l t m a le . S up ine e x tended , a rm s s t ra igh t , h ead p i l low ed . 1 . 75m o / a l e ng th i n g r ound . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f ta rm . 2 . P u r se -moun t . I r on ,a tl e f ta rm .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on ,s ma l l . N ea ro ri np u r se . 4 . F l in t . Wo rk ed ,n ea ro ri np u r se .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on . 6 . B e l tp la t e s . C oppe ra loy .

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s 9 7 ° . G rave 0 . 82m d eep . C u t , b u td i dn o t d i s tu rb , l ow e rh a lf o fg r ave 3 6 . A do le scen t , a ged a bou t 1 2 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S up ine e x tended , a rm s s t r a igh t , h ead p i l low ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra loy , a tr i gh ts hou lde r .* GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s 18 ° . G rave 0 . 97m d eep . C u t , b u t n o t d i s tu rbed b y ,g r ave 3 5 . Ma tu r ea du l tm a le . S up ine e x tended , r i gh ta rm a c ro s s p e lv i s , h ead p i l lowed . 1 . 7m o / a l e ng th i ng round . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th r e c tangu la r , C lo i sonné se t p l a te . A t l ef t w a i s t , t o ngue p o in t ing l e f t . 2 . S t r ip s . C oppe ra loy ,p o s s ib ly t weeze r s?

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave 0 . 84m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . S up ine e x tended , a rm s s t ra igh t ,h ead p i l lowed . S ku l l f a l len b ackwa rd s o f l ow e r j aw . S ke le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion , 1 . 68m o / al e ng th i ng r ound . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . A tr i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . A tl e f ta rm . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , a t r i gh t w a i s t , t o ngue p o in t ing r i gh t .* 4 . B e l t f i t t ing? C oppe r a loy . A t r i gh t w a i s t .* 5 . S h ie ld -bo s s . A t l e f t a rm , i n se r t ed v e r t ica l ly i n to g r ave . W i th g r ip , a nd f o u r c i r cu la ri r on p l a t e sf r om s h ie ld -boa rd .* 6 . B ox -f i t t ing s? C oppe r a loy f i t t ing s , i r on r i ng ,a nd w ood f r agmen t s . B e tween k nee s .

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s 19 ° . G rave 0 . 7 1m d eep . A do le scen t f ema le , a g ed a bou t 1 0 11 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended ,a rm ss t ra igh t ,h ead p i l lowed . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tr i gh ta rm . 2 . S t ap l e s . x 9 , c oppe r a l loy . S t r e t ch ing a way f r om s ku l li n al i ne .* GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s 1 3 1° . G rave 0 . 48m d eep . A do le scen t , a ged a bou t 1 2 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S up ine e x t ended ,a rm ss t ra igh t .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s6 4 ° . G rave 0 . 84m d eep .

2 62

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . N og r ave g ood s .

1 . 88m l o ng b y 0 . 53m a th ead , a nd 0 . 45m a t f o o t . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , b u t w i th s ome m a scu l ine c ha rac te r i s t ic s . E x tended s up ine , a rm sa c ro s sp e lv i s . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . C of f in c l amp s . x 4 , i r on , a tf o u rc or n e r s o f c off in . E ach w i th 2n a i l s .* 2 3 . B rooche s . K en t i sh d i sc s , n on iden t ica l p a i r( Aven tc l a s s 2 . 1 , c o rpu s n o s . 3 1 -32 ) . O ne a tl e f ts i de o fs ku l l ,o ne o nc he s t .* 4 . B ead . B lue m e lon b ead , l i nk ed b y s i lve r c ha in 5t od i sc b rooch .* 5 . C ha in . S i lve r . L ink ing b ead 4 t o d i sc b r ooch . 6 7 . B rooche s . S i lve r s qua r e -headed , n on i d en t ica l p a i r ( Aven t S e r ie s I ) . O ne a tp e lv i s , h ead t owa rd s r i gh t e l bow , o ne i n s im i la r p o s i t ion ,j u s tb e low f i r s t .* 8 . S poon . G i l t s i lve r , b e tween k nee s w i th b ow l i n ve r ted .* 9 . C ry s ta l b a l l . Moun ted i ns i lve r g i l t s l ing . F ound b enea th b ow lo fs poon .* 1 0 . G o ld b ra id . A t s i de o f , a nd u nde rnea th , s ku l l . 1 2 . W i re . S i lve r ,t wo l e ng th s ,b eaded .

GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s 1 26 ° . G rave 0 . 69m d eep . Ma t u r e a du l t f ema le . S up in e e x tended , a rm s s t ra igh t . S ku l l ' much t h ick en ed ' , s ugge s t ing P ag e t 's d i sea se . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy c a s t s a uce r , w i th f l o r ia te c r o s s , a t r i gh t s hou lde r , f a ce d ownwa rd s .* 2 . B rooch . C a s t s auce r , a ppa r en t ly f r om s ame m ou ld a s1 .A tl ef ts hou lde r . 3 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . O n l owe r c h e s t , p o in t ing u pwa rd s .* 4 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . A t l e f t w a i s t , p o in t ing r i gh t . A lmo s ti d en t ica lt o3 . 5 . B ead s . x 28 , a mbe ra nd g l a s s . A ppa r en t ly a ta ched t o3 . 6 . B ead s . x 9 ,g l a s s . A tr i gh ta nk le . 7 . P la te . C oppe r a l loy , s ma l l , a t r i gh t o f s ku l l . GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s9 4 ° . G rave 0 . 74m d eep . D i s tu rbed . A du l t m a le . S up ine e x tend ed , a rm s s t ra igh t . D i s tu rbed a bove c he s t . 1 . 7m o / a l e ng th i n g r ound . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

F ound d ur ing f ur ther e xcava t ion , s ummer 1 955 . A . Warhur s t .

GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s 1 09 ° . G rav e0 . 79m d eep . A du l tf ema le . S up ine e x t ended ,a rm ss t ra igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s sv e s se l . C law b eak e r . T o l e f to fs ku l l , o ns i de , mou th t owa rd sh ead o fg r ave .*

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s 1 32 °? A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s 1 23°? A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s3 5° . G rave 0 . 77m d eep . I n f an t , 6 12 m on th s o l d . P robab ly o n l e f ts i de w i th l e g ss l igh t ly f l exed . S k e le ton i nv e ry p oo r c ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . S i lve r -p la t ed c oppe ra loy . A tl e f t w a i s t ,t ongue p o in t ing r i gh t .* 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . U ndeco ra t ed , b l ack f a b r ic w i th s h e l lg r i t .*

GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s NW -SE? T op o fg r ave c u tb yg r ave 4 8 . P robab le c h i ld . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s 1 24 °? C u t sg r ave 4 7 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . Ambe ra nd g l a s s . 2 . S t r ip . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s9 2 ° . G rave 0 . 58m d eep . Ma tu r e a du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S up ine e x t ended , a rm s s t ra igh t . 1 . 63m o / a l e ng th i n g r ound . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s 1 34 °? A du l tm a le . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s 1 00' . G rave 2 . 78 b y 1 . 23m . 1 . 3m d eep . R egu la r r e c tangu la r s hap e . C of f in a pp rox .

2 63

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s 1 08°? G rave s u r rounded b y r e c tangu la r g u l ly , a pp rox ima te ly 5 . 5m b y 5 m . G u l ly c u t s o rj o in s s im i la r e nc lo su r e ( f o r a n u nexcava ted g rave )o n S Es i de . G rave d i s tu rbed . A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . S tap le . I r on . 2 . S t r ip . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s 19°? G rave s u r rounded b y r e c tangu la r g u l ly , a pp rox ima te ly 6m b y 5 . 5m . SW s i de o f g u l ly c u t sg rave 6 2 . G rave d i s tu rbed . A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . P ur se -moun t . I r on . 2 . K n if e . 3 .

G la s sf ragmen t s . GRAVE 6 0 . A x i s 12°? No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded .

GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s 1 25°? N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on ,w i th a t ta chmen tp l a te .

G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton , g i l tc oppe ra l loy .* 2 . B rooch . B u t ton , g i l tc oppe ra l loy .* 3 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . 4 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . 5 . B uck le . S i lve r -p la ted . 6 . S t rap -end s . x 2 , c oppe ra l loy . 7 . K n if e . 8 . B ead s . 9 . R ing . I r on . 1 0 . P la te . I r on . 1 . G la s sf ragmen t s .

GRAVE 5 2 . A x i s4 0 °? N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on . 3 . R ing . I r on .

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i s 1 08°? A du l t ,p robab ly ma le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton , g i l tc oppe ra l loy .* 2 . B rooch . B u t ton , g i l tc oppe ra l loy .* 3 . K n if e . 4 . P la te . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 5 3 . A x i s4 0 °? A du l t ma le . N og rave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s 16°? A du l t ma le . N og rave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 5 5 .

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s 1 20 °? G rave c u tb yg u l ly e nc lo s ing g r ave

A x i s 14°? N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I . K n if e .

5 0 . P robab le c h i ld . G rave g ood s : I . R ing . I r on .

2 .

2 . 3 .

R ing . I r on . B uck l e . S i lve r -p la ted .

4 .

P in . L a rge , c oppe ra l loy .

B ead s . x 3 , 1a mbe r , 1g l a s s , 1b ronze .

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s 15°? A du l tm a le . N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s 9 6 °? A du l tm a le .

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i s 13°?

G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s sv e s se l . C one b eake r .

A du l t ma le . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 6 4 . A x is 1 23°?

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s 1 21°?

P robab le c h i ld . No g rave g ood sr e co rded .

P robab le c h i ld .

1 68 . M arga te I ,H a lf -M i le R ide .

N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

2 64

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s G -M . G rave g oods : I . I r on s t r ip . Ang led , p robab ly ab ox f i t t ing .*

I . F ound D ecember 1 922 , d ur ing r oad -work s . A . R owe . GRAVE 1 . G rave 0 . 45m d eep . No s ke le ta l ma te r ia l r e cove red . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pearhead . L eaf s haped s pea rhead . 6 1cm . B ad ly c or roded .*

GRAVE 9 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . No s ke le ta l ma te r ia l r e cove red . No g rave g oods . L .

GRAVE 1 0 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . B one f r agmen t s o n ly .

GRAVE 2 .

No g rave g ood s .

G rave d i s tu rbed . A du l t , s ex n o t d e term ined , a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . m .

GRAVE 1 .

H e igh t a pp rox . 1 . 665

No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . B one f r agmen t s o n ly . No g rave g oods .

No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 .

GRAVE 1 2 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

G rave d i s tu rbed . P robab le a du l t ma le . O n ly 4 f r agmen t s o f c r an ium a nd 4t e e th s u rv ive .

B one f r agmen t so n ly . No g rave g ood s .

G rave g oods : I .K n if e .* 2 . L a tch l if ter . I r on .*

GRAVE 1 3 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

3 . P in . F ound u nde rs ku l l . I r on .*

No s ke le ta l ma te r ia l r e cove red . No g rave g oods .

GRAVE 4 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

GRAVE 1 4 .

S ex a nd a ge n o t d e term ined , o n ly s haf t o f

G rave e xcava ted b yw o rkmen . Adu l t m a le . S ke le ton l a rge ly H e igh ta pp rox . 1 . 90m .

f emu rr e cove red . No g rave g ood s .

G rave g ood s : 1 . S pearhead .

GRAVE 5 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

P robab ly

h ad a ngu la rb l ade .* 2 . K n if e . T ang o n ly . B one o rh orn h and le .*

n ly l o ng b one S ex a nd a ge n o t d e term ined , o f r agmen t s r e cove red .

3 . B uck le . I r on . T r iangu la rp l a te .*

G rave g ood s : ody s he rd a nd 1 .P o t tery v e sse l . B uf ff a b r ic . B

GRAVE 1 5 .

r im f r agmen to n ly s urv ive .*

No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . B one f r agmen t so n ly . No g rave g oods .

GRAVE 6 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . No s ke le ta l m a te r ia l r e cove red .

GRAVE 1 6 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

No g rave g ood s .

B one f r agmen t s o n ly .

GRAVE 7 .

No g rave g ood s .

G rave d i s tu rbed . A du l t , s ex n o t d e term ined , a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s .

GRAVE 1 7 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

R igh t p e lv is , f emu r a nd t i b ia f ound i n s i tu . S ku l l a nd j aw f r agmen t s a l so f ound .

H e igh t

B one f r agmen t so n ly .

a pp rox . 1 . 71m . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e sse l .

S ocke t o n ly e x tan t .

c omp le te .

No g rave g ood s . B lack v a se . D amaged .

H .

GRAVE 1 8 .

2 5cm .

No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . F emu r ( 1 . 3 1cm ) l a be l led a s c om ing f r om t h i s

GRAVE 8 .

g rave .

No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . B one f r agmen t s o n ly .

No g rave g ood s .

2 65

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 9 . C oppe r a l loy v e s se l? A cco rd ing t oA ven t &L e igh ,b u tl i s ted i ng r ave B b yH awke s .

GRAVE 1 9 . N od e ta i l so fg r av er e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE B . A x i sW -E? N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S word . 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B uck l e s . 5 . C oppe ra l loy v e s se l? S ee A .9 .

GRAVE 2 0 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

I . F ound 1 923 , w iden ing . A .R owe .

d ur ing

r oad

GRAVE 2 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . L eaf s haped b l ade .*

GRAVE C . A x i s W -E? N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : I .S pea rhead . L eaf s haped b l ade .* 2 . B lad ef ragmen t . T ip o fb l ade o fl a rge k n if e o rs e ax .*

1 77 . M i l ton R eg is I ,B r ick f ie lds . I . F ound F ebruary 1 889 , d ur ing b r ick ear th e x trac t ion . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s sv e s se l . ' De s t royed ' . 2 . B uck l e . G i l tc oppe ra loy . 3 .S pea rhead . 4 . F ing e r r i ng . G o ld , s e t w i th R oman r e d c a rne l ian i n tag l io .

GRAVE 2 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . P robab le a du l t f ema le , a g ed c . 1 7 y ea r s . H e igh ta pp rox . 1 . 515m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .* 2 . C l ench b o l t s . I r on . P o s s ib ly f r om b oa t . GRAVE 2 4 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

1 78 . M i lton Reg is I l , Hugg in 's F ie lds .

1 74 . Mersham I . I . F ound F ebruary 1 826 , d ur ing b r ick ear th e x trac t ion .

I . F ound c . 1 828 , d ur ing s t one d igg ing .

GRAVE A . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ku l l c u tt h rough b yw o rkman . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h i e ld -bo s s . T o r i gh t o f b ody , s t and ing u p r igh t . H e igh t 1 8cm ,d i ame te r 1 3cm . 2 . S h i e ld g r ip .

GRAVE A . A x i sW -E? N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed , s i lve r , S e r ie s 1 ( Le igh Me .1) .* 2 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc , c l a s s 1 . 2 ( Av en t c o rpu sn o . 1 7 ) .* 3 . B rooch . D i sc ,w i th s i ng le g a rne ts e t t ing .* 4 . B rooch . S qua r e , g a rne t se t .* 5 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy . D eco ra t ed o va l l o op .* 6 . C ry s ta lb a l l . W i th s i lve rs u spen s ion w i r e . 7 . R ing . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng . 8 . B ead s .

GRAVE? B . N o s i gn o fs k e le ton , b u t( 1 ) w a s f ound a pp rox . 9 0cm t o t h e r i gh t o f g r ave A , a nd m ay h ave i n d ica t ed t h ep r e sence o f ad i s tu rbed g r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . ' Sma l l ' . GRAVE C . A x i sW -E . G rave f ound 3 . 05m e a s to fB .

2 66

A pp end ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved , p r e sumed a du l t f ema le . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . ' A t t h e h ead ' . S l a t e c o lou r ed b eak e r ,a ppa ren t ly w i th l i p . 2 . B rooch . C ompo s i te d i sc , g i l t c oppe r a loy w i th g o ld r im , s e tw i th g a rne t s a nd b l ue s t one s . C la s s 1 . 2 ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 1 7 1) . F ound o n c h e s t . K nown a s' t he V a l ian ce b r ooch ' , s t o len 1 9 67 . 3 . B ead s . x 9 , r e d , b l ue a nd w h i t e o paque g l a s s . F ound b enea th ( 2 ) . 4 . W i re f ragmen t s . C oppe r a loy , f o und w i th

GRAVE G . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rd ed . ' Po r t ion ' o fs k e le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . B o t t le ,b l a ck f a b r ic ,a tf o o t . 2 . K n if e . Sma l l ,b yl e f ta rm . GRAVE H . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 . 07m f r om G . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved , o n ly ' l a rge ' b one s a nd t e e th s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead Wh i te , p robab ly o paque g l a s s , w i th s p i ra lt r a i l . O nc he s t . 2 . S hea r s . P a i r , i r on ,o n l e f ta rm . 3 . I r on o b jec t . A tl e f ta rm . 4 . S he l l s .

( 3) . 5 .R ing . S i lve r ,t w i s ted t o ge the rw i th l e ng th o f s i lk l ike s ub s tance . F ound w i th ( 3 ) . 6 . B ead . G reen g l a s s , m a rve r ed w i th w h i t e t r a i l . L a rge , d i ame te r a bou t 2 5mm . F ound b e low ( 3 ) , ( 4 )a nd ( 5 ) . 7 . D i sc . C oppe r a l loy , ' t h in ' , f o und n ea r l e f t a rm . D i s in t eg ra t ed . P o s s ib ly aq uo i tb rooch . 8 . B race le t . C oppe r a l loy . D i s in t eg ra t ed , b y l e f tf emu r .

GRAVE I . A x i sW -E . G rave c .2 . 45m f r om H . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved , p r e sumed s up ine , l e f ta rm a c ro s sc he s t , l e f th and t o uch ing r i gh t s hou lde r , r i gh t a rm a c ro s s b ody , r i gh t h and t o uch ing l e f te l bow . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 , o paque g l a s s , b l ue a nd y e l low , f o und i n s ide s ku l l , f a l len f r om n eck . 2 . B ead s . x 29 , t h r ee o f o paque g l a s s , o ne g r een v a r iega ted , o t he r s p u rp le r i bbed g l a s s . A tn eck . 3 . E a r r ing s . x 2 ,s i lve r ,o ne e ach s i de o fs k u l l . 4 . P endan t . Ame thy s t . A tn eck . 5 . F ang s . x 2 , c an ine , p i e rced f o r s u spen s ion , a tn eck . 6 . C ha in . I r on , i nr i gh th and . 7 . I r on o b jec t s . B e tween t h igh s , t o u ch ing r i gh t k nee . C o l lec t ion o fd ecayed i r on o b jec t s , i n c lud ing 2o r 3p i n s . 8 . K n if e . F ound t o ge the r w i th ( 7 ) , b one h and le . 9 . P o t te ry v e s se l . A tf e e t .

I . F ound March 7 th , 1 826 . GRAVE D . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rd ed . S k e le ta lr ema in sp r e sen t ,n od e t a i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . C oa r se b l a ck f a b r ic , h e igh t 1 8 cm ,a tt h ef e e t . 2 . B ead s . x 6 , o paque g l a s s b ead s , b l ue a nd g r een . O ne h ad r e d d i agona l t r a i l s , a no the r w a s r i bbed . F ound e i the r s i d e o f h ead a nd n e ck . 3 . P endan t . Ame thy s t ,f o und o nc he s t . 4 . ' Amu l e t ' . F i r ed c l ay . F ound o nc he s t . 5 .I r on o b jec t . D ecayed ,f o und o nc he s t . GRAVE E . A x i s W-E . G rave c . 2 . 45m f r om D , a nd p a r a l le lw i th i t . S k e le ta lr ema in sp r e sen t ,n od e t a i l sr e co rded . G r av eg ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . B yr i gh tl e g ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t . 2 .S pea rf e r ru l e . B yr i gh ts h ou lde r . 3 . B uck le . I r on , w i th 3c oppe ra loy s t ud s a nd " o the rb e l tf a s tene r s" . 4 .A rm le t . C oppe ra l loy . A round l e f ta rm . 5 .K n if e . N ex tt ol e f ta rm .

1 79 . M i lton R eg is I V , Rondeau E s ta te . I . F ound d ur ing D ecember 1 879 o r J anuary 1 880 , d ur ing b r ick ear th e x trac t ion . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ke le ton p r e sen t ,n od e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic , h e igh t 1 0 cm , n ea rt h es ku l l . 2 . I r on o b jec t . ' 1 3 shaped ' .

GRAVE F . A x i sW -E . G rave c .2 . 45m f r om E . S k e le ta lr ema in sp r e sen t , n od e t a i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S hea r s . P a i r , i r on . 2 . B ead s . x 2 ,g r een a nd b l u e .

2 67

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . N og r av eg ood sr e cove r ed .

I . F ound b e tween J anuary a nd Apr i l 1 880 , d ur ing b r ickear th e x trac t ion .

GRAVE 7( P e rk in s ' g r ave B ) . A x i s SW -NE . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r w i th r o und ed c o rne r s . S ou th e nd c u tb yp i pe t r en ch , m in . I .0 . 60m . C h i ld ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined . F l exed , l e g s b en tt o l e f t . O n ly p e lv i s a nd f emu r s s u rv iv ed a s o u t l in e so fp owde red b one . N og r av eg ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S k e le ton p r e sen t ,n od e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 13 , e i gh to fg l a s s ( 4r e d o paque , 1 b l ue o paque , 1w h i t e o paque , 1b l ue ' f l u t ed ' 1 b l u ew i th w h i te t r a i l s ) ,a nd f i ve o fa me thy s t .

GRAVE 8( Pe rk in s ' g r ave C ) . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , w e l l c u t v e r t ica l w a l l s . S ou th e nd d e s t royed b y p i pe t r ench , n o r th e nd d i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . O n ly f r agmen ta ry b one so fl e g ss u rv iv ed . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S k e le ton p r e sen t ,n od e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . C ha in . A l t e rna t ing i r on a nd c oppe r a loy l i nk s . 2 . E a r -r ing . 3 . B ead s . x 4 , s t rung o n ( 2 ) . G la s s , t h r ee r e d , o ne g r een . 4 . P in s . x 2 ,s i lve r ,w i th e ye -ho le s .

1 86 . M ins ter I V , T horne F arm . I . F ound 1 984 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o f g a s p ipe l ine . T hane t Archaeo log ica l Un i t .

GRAVE 4 . G rav ec l o se t og r ave 3 . S k e le ton p r e sen t ,s a id t ob em a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . 3 . G la s sv e s se l .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s 9 0 ° . G rave i regu la r r e c tang le , 1 .1 . 83m , w .0 . 82m ,d .2 . 25m . J uven i le , s e xn o td e t e rm ined , a g ed 1 2 15 y ea r s . S up in e e x tended , l e f th and o n p e lv i s . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . H e igh ta pp rox . 1 . 55m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tr i gh te l bow . B roken .* 2 . K n if e . A tr i gh te l bow . B roken .* 3 . B uck l e . A tr i gh te l bow . C oppe ra loy .* 4 . C l ench b o l t s . x 18 . I r on , w i th w ood f r agmen t s . I nf i l lo fg r ave a nd o nc ha lk s u rf a ce i mmed ia te ly b eyond g r ave . P o s s ib ly =r ema in s o fs ma l lb oa t .*

1 83 . M inster I ,Churchyard . I . D i scovered c . 1 786 , c on s truc t ion o fv au l t .

d ur ing

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t , s e xn o td e t e rm ined . G rave g ood s : I .G la s sv e s se l . ' Be l l shaped ' .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s 9 0 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , I .2 . 74m , w . i m , d .0 . 40m . G rave w e l l c u t . D i s tu rbed ,p r obab ly i na n t iqu i ty . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . O n ly l o ng b on e f r agmen t sr e cove r ed ,f r om d i s tu rbed g r ave f i l l . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

1 85 . M inster I , Hoo F arm . I . D i scovered 1 983 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o f s econd g a s p ipe l ine .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , I .2 . 30m , d . 0 . 25m . S ou th s i de d e s t royed b yp i pe t r ench . A du l t f ema le , a ged c . 2 5 y ea r s . S up ine e x tend ed . R igh t s i de o fs k e le ton d e s t royed b y p i pe t r en ch . R ema in ing b one s i n g ood c ond i t ion . H e igh ta pp rox . 1 . 68m . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . F ound u nde r j aw . C opp e r a loy f i ng e rr i ng .*

Thane tA rchaeo log ica l Un i t . GRAVE 1( P e rk in s ' g r ave A ) . A x i s NN W -SSE . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 .2 . 50m , w . 0 . 65m , d .0 . 40m . Two s l o t sc u ti n to c o rne r s o ns ou ther nf a ce . D i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . O n ly af r agmen to fl o ng b one a nd 2g a l l s t one s r e cov e r ed .

2 68

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 2 . B ead s . F ound u nde rj aw . S i lv e r , c l ay a nd g l a s s . S ome f r agmen ta ry .*

G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd . D amaged b ym a ch ine , e nd o fb l ade m i s s i ng . *

1 88 . M ins ter V I .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s WS W -ESE . G rave b i sec ted b y p i pe t r ench . L .2 . 0m ,w . 0 . 70m ,d .0 . 25m . A du l t m a le . F ragmen ta ry s k e le ta l r ema in s d i s tu rbed b ym a ch ine . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

I . F ound 1 984 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o f g a s p ipe l ine . T hane t A r chaeo log ica l U n i t .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave l a rge ly d e s t royed b y p i pe t r ench . L . 2 . 05m , d . 0 . 28m . C on t en t s r e cove red f r om s po i l -heap . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 5 -30 y ea r s . F ragm en ta ry s k e le ta lr ema in s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C ompo s i te d i sc b rooch ( t he Monk ton B rooch ) . ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 1 72 , c l a s s 1 . 2 ) .* 2 . B ead s . x 12 . 2a me thy s td rop s , 1 0g l a s s .*

GRAVE 1( Pe rk in s ' g r ave 1 2 ) . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 30m d eep . C u t t h rough b r ick ea r th , g r ave f l oo ro nn a tu r a lc ha lk s u rf a ce . G rave s e c t ioned l o ng i tud ina l ly b y g a s p i pe t r ench . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 5 -35 y ea r s . O n ly f r agmen ta ry r ema in so fs k e le ton s u rv ived . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

1 89 . M ins ter V I I , Moun t P leasan t .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave m o s t ly d e s t roy ed b y p i pe t r ench . L .2 . 28m ,w . 0 . 91m ,d .0 . 18m . N os k e le ta lr ema in sr e cove r ed . N og r av eg ood sr e cove r ed .

I . E xcava ted 1 996 a head o f r oad w iden ing s cheme . C an terbury A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t . ( GRAVES 1 19 . ) Awa i t ing p ub l ica t ion , A r cha eo log ica lT ru s t .

t h e

GRAVE 5 . A x i s WS W -ENE . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . P o s s ib le a du l tf ema le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s sv e s se l . B e l l -beak e r .* 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . 1 7 s h e rd s o f h and -made g l obu la r p o t . Wea the r ing o n s h e rd s s ugg e s ted p o th ad b een b roken p r ev iou s t ob u r ia l , o rw a s f r om a ne a r l ie rd i s tu rbed b u r ia l .*

C an t e rbu ry

1 92 . Monk ton I ,P r imrose H i l l . I .D i scovered 1 879 o r1 880 .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s WS W -ENE . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . S ex a nd a ge u nde te rm ined . F ragm en ta ry s k e le ta lr ema in s . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE A . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . ' A ts i de ' . 2 . P o t t ery f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 59m ,w . 1 . 14m . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , l e g sb en ts l igh t ly t or i gh t , l e f t a rm a c ro s sa bdomen . S k e le ton f r agm en ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A t l e f ts i de o fw a i s t , u nde r f o r ea rm , l y ing d i agona l ly , p o in t t owa rd s r i gh t s hou lde r . B rok en . Wooden h and le .*

I . D i scovered May /June 1 971 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o fg a sp ipe l ine . N . Macpher son -Gran t a nd A .C . H ogar th . GRAVE 1 . A x i s WN W -ESE . G rave a lmo s t c omp le te ly d e s t royed b yp i pe t r ench . A du l t , p robab ly m a le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S k e le ta lr ema in sf r agmen ta ry .

2 69

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG .M . 2 . B uck le . B e tween g rave w a l l a nd l e f tf emu r . O va l l o op o n ly . C oppe r a l loy . L ea the r

1 .B ead . O paque r ed g la s s b a r r e l , w i th y e l low m a rve red i n te r lac ing t r a i ls a nd d o t s .*

r ema in so nu nde r s ide .* GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t b y p ipe t r ench . 1 . 83m , w . 0 . 43m , d .0 . 36m . A du l tm a le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . T ip o fb l ade a nd t a ng b roken .*

GRAVE 8 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave o n l i ne o fp i pe . L . 2 . 4 1m ,w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 33m . A du l t f ema le , a ged c . 3 0 -40 . F ragmen ta ry s ke le ton . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . P a r to ft a ng m is s ing . L ea the rs hea th , w ooden h and le .* 2 . S heep ' st e e th . x 2 .

L .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave c u t b y p i pe t r ench . L .2 . 38m , w . 0 . 81m , d .0 . 18m . A du l tm a le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if ef ragmen t . T ang o n ly .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave o n l i ne o ft r ench . L . 2 . 43m ,w . 0 . 86m ,d .0 . 53m . No s ke le ta lr ema in sr e cove red . No g rave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave h a lf d e s t royed b y p i pe t r ench . W . 0 . 66m , d . 0 . 20m . R ed t i l e f r agmen t , p robab ly mode rn , i ng rave f i l l . A du l tm a le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B lade o n ly .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x is W-E . G rave o n l i ne o fp ipe t r ench . L . 1 . 90m ,w . 0 . 74m ,d .0 . 23m . A du l t f ema le , a ged c .2 0 -25 y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . F ragmen ta ry . 2 . K ey s? I r on . F ragmen ta ry .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x is W -E . G rave c u t b y p i pe t r ench . 1 . 75m , d .0 . 20m . ' A l i t t le b one o n ly ' . N og r ave g ood s r e cove red .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W-E . G rave c u tb yp ipe t r ench , n od e ta i l s r e co rded . P robab le f ema le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . No g rave g ood sr e cove red .

L .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x is W -E . G rave o n l i ne o fp i pe t r ench . L . 1 . 38m ,w . 0 . 61 m , d .0 . 48m . Af ew b one f r agmen t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . 1 7 s he rd s f r om w hee l t h rown b o t t le .*

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s W-E . G rave c u t b y p ipe t r ench . L . 2 . 13m ,w . 0 . 51m , d .0 . 46m . J uven i le , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . A nnu la r , c oppe ra l loy .* 2 . B rooch . A nnu la r , c oppe ra l loy .* 3 . B rooch f ragmen t? S ec t ion o f p robab le a nnu la rb rooch . C oppe ra l loy .* 4 . K n if e . T ip o f b l ade m i s s ing . L ea the r s hea th ,w ooden h and le .* 5 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B ody o n ly o fw hee l th rown b o t t le ( n eck d e s t royed b y m ach ine ) . S p i ra l c hev ron d eco ra t ion .*

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s WN W -ESE .

G rave c u t b y p i pe t r ench .

M in . I .1 . 83m , m in . w . 0 . 81 m , d .0 . 45m . G ra s s i mp re s s ion s i n c o r ro s ion o n g r ave g ood s s ugge s t s c u t g ra s s m ay h ave b een p l a ced i nt h e g rave . A du l t m a le , a ged c . 2 5 -30 y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . K nob m i s s ing . G ra s s i mp r e s s ion so nr i ve t sa nd d ome .* 2 .S h i e ld -bo s s . T op o fd ome m i s s ing .* 3 -4 . S tud s . x 2 . D omed . G ra s s i mp re s s ion so n u ppe rs u rf ace . P robab ly f r om s h ie ld -boa rd . 5 . P o t tery v e s se l . H and -made . I nf r agmen t s . S ub -b icon ica l .*

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s W-E . G rave c u t b y p ipe t r ench . L . 1 . 63m , w . 0 . 36m , d .0 . 38m . Ad jacen tt og r ave 1 2 . P robab le f ema le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 0 .

2 70

A pp end ix 2 :S i t e sG -M . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t b y p i pe t r ench . 2 . 54m ,m in .w . 0 . 43m , d .0 . 9 14m . A du l tm a le . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

L .

4 . R ing . L ef t s i de o f w a i s t . C oppe r a loy , ( p robab ly o r ig ina l ly s u spen s ion r i ng f r om b ow l ,r e u sed a sc ha te la ine .* 5 . K n if e . A tl ef ts i de o fw a i s t .* 6 . I r on o b jec t . O nt h roa t . 7 . B uck l e . L ef ts i de o fh i p . C a s to va ll o op .* 8 . G o ld b ra id . O ns ku l l . 5s t rand s .* 9 . B ead I n f r on t o f s ku l l . O paque y e l low g l a s s . May h ave b een p a r to fh ead -d r e s s .* 1 0 -27 . B ead s . x 18 . Ambe r . O nl ow e rc he s t .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s SW -NE . G rave r e c tangu la rw i th r ounded c o rn e r s . L . 3 . 10m , w . 1 . 09m , d . 0 . 43m . D ep r e s s ion i ng r ave f l oo ra tf o o t e nd , p o s s ib ly i n d i ca t ive o f c off in . G rave d i s tu rbed i n a n t iqu i ty . A du l t m a le , a g ed c .3 5 -45 y ea r s . O n ly s ku l l a nd t o e si ns i tu , l e gb one si nu ppe rg r av ef i l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e a nd p la te . F ound d i s tu rbed , 1 5 cm a pa r t , a tf oo t o fg r ave . G i l t b r onze . C a s t o va l l o op , r e c tangu la r p l a te w i th S t y le I ' c h ip c a rv ing ' .* 2 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t .* 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . D amag ed , t o p o f d ome m i s s ing .*

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s 1 20 ° . P re sumed g r ave , 1 .2 . 32m , w . l m , d .0 . 25m . S c rap o fp o ly thene i nf i l l i n d ica ted r e cen td i s tu rbance . N os k e le ta lm a te r ia lr e cove red . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 9 0 ° . G rave I .1 . 70m , w . 0 . 80m , d .0 . 32m . G rave d i s tu rbed . O ne t o o th o n ly f o und . G rave g ood s : I .K n if ef ragmen t .* 2 4 . I r on f ragmen t s .* 5 . S pea rs ocke t . C lef ts ocke t , f u l lo fw ood .* 6 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s ma l l r e c tangu la r l o op o n ly .* 7 . S pea rhead A ngu la rb l ade . T ip m i s s ing .* 8 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .*

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s W -E . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r a nd i r egu la r . L . 2 . 49m , w . 1 . 12m , d . 0 . 31m . G r av ed i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . A du l t m a le , a ged c . 3 5 -45 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . R igh t s i de o f p e lv i s a nd r i gh t l e g h ad b een p l a ced , s t i l l a r t icu la ted , a t f o o t o f g r ave . S k e le ton n ea r c omp le te . H e igh t a pp rox . 1 . 80m . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e o r s eax . I n comp le te . L ea the r s c abba rd ,w ooden h and le .* 2 . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a loy . W i th s u spen s ion l o op .* 3 . B uck l e . C a s t o va l c oppe r a loy l o op . R ema in s o fl e a the r s t rap a dhe r ing w i th t o ngue p a s sed t h rough h o le i ns t rap .* 4 . B e l t -r ive t . C oppe ra l loy . S hoe shaped .* 5 .I r on f ragmen t s . x 2 .*

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s 2 00 ° . No r th e nd o f g r ave d e s t royed , p r obab ly b y p l ough . W . 0 . 75m , d .a tf o o t e nd 0 . 12m . 2s l o t s c u t i n to f l oo r a nd s ou th e nd o f g r ave . A du l tm a le . S up ine e x tended . O n ly l e g s , r i gh t a rm a nd l e f th and p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : I .S h ie ld -g r ip f ragmen t . A tt o po fr i gh tl e g .* 2 . S t ud . B e tween ( 4 )a nd g r ave w a l l . S i lve r .* 3 . T ang f ragmen t . A t c en t r e c he s t . I r on . P robab ly f r om ( 4 ) .* 4 . S wo rd b l ad e . L ef t s i de o f t o r so , p o in t t owa rd sf e e t .* 5 . B uck l e . B e tween l e f tk nee a nd g r ave w a l l . C oppe r a loy c a s t o va l l o op w i th s h ie ld -on t o ngue .* 6 7 . S h i e ld -bo s sf ragmen t s . O n r i gh t e l bow a nd l e f ts hou lde r .* 8 . S h ie ld -g r ip f ragmen t . L y ing d i agona l ly a bove u ppe rr i gh tt h igh .* 9 10 . I r on o b jec t s . P o s s ib ly t o o l s .* 1 . W he t s tone . B y l e f th and o ns wo rd b l ad e .* 1 2 . B rac tea te . B enea th s wo rd -b lade , i n• a s soc ia t ion w i th b one so fl ef th and .* 1 3 . D i sc . A s soc ia t ed w i th ( 6 ) . C oppe r a loy . P robab ly s h ie ld f i t t ing .*

I I . D i scovered J u ly 1 982 , d ur ing e xcava t ion o f s econd g a s p ipe l ine . T hane tA rchaeo log ica lG roup . GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r . L .2 . 55m , w . 1 . 95m ,d .1 . 27m . A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tended , h and s c r o s sed a tw a i s t . S ke le ton i np oo rc ond i t ion . S ku l l h i t b yb u l ldoz e r . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . Ambe r . F ound a mong s t s ku l l f r agmen t s .* 2 . B rooch . A t r i gh t o fn eck . S i lve r s qua r e h eaded ,g a rne ti n la id .* 3 .B ead s . x 3 . A bove r i gh ts hou lde r . Ambe r .*

2 7 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sG -M . 1 4 . S tud h ead . A tl ef ts i de c he s t .*

1 3 . L ooped s t ap le . I r on .*

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s 8 0 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 85m , w . 0 . 50m , d .0 . 30m . L edg e s a th ead a nd f oo t , d .0 . 20m . P robab ly d i s tu rbed b yp l ough . A du l t m a le . S up ine , l ef t a rm f l exed . S k e le ta l r ema in sf r iab le . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . A bove s ku l l . C oppe r a loy s t ud s . C ru shed b yp l ough o rb u l ldoz e r .* 2 . S h ie ld -g r ip f ragmen t s . D iagona l ly a c ro s s a nd t ol e f to fs ku l l .* 3 . S pea rs ocke t o rf e r ru l e . L ef ts i de o fs ku l l . Wood t r ace s .* 4 . K n if e . L ef ts i de o fw a i s t . B roken .*

GRAVE 3 . A x i s9 0 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 70m , w . 0 . 50m , d .0 . 16m . R ece s s i n g r ave f l oo r , a ppa r en t ly t o a c cep t s ku l l . 2b u r ia l s . 3A : A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . S up ine , a rm s b en t ,h and sc r o s sed . 3B : B one s o fh and a nd f o r ea rm i ns o i l a bov e s ku l lo f 3A . G rave g ood s( 3 3A ) : 1 .B ead . Ame thy s td rop .* 2 . B ead . C ow r ie s h e l lb ead .* 3 5 . B ead s . x 3 . Ame thy s td rop s .* 6 . B ead . B la ck g l a s so rj e t .* 7 . B ead . O paque y e l low g l a s s .* 8 .B ead . C ow r ie s h e l lb ead .* 9 . K ey . B e tween p rox ima l e nd s o f f emu r s . I r on .* 1 0 . I r on f ragmen t . B e low ( 9 ) .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i sW -E . G rave 1 .1 . 80m ,d .0 . 20m . Af ew b one f r agmen t so n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s 6 0 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 80m , w . 0 . 58m , d .0 . 24m . T h r ee p a i r so fs l o t sc u ti n to s i de so fg r ave . P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . F r agmen t so fb o th f emu r sa nd t i b ia so n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave n o t c u t i n to c ha lk s u r f ace , d imen s ion sn o td e t e rm ined . S ku l la nd f emu ro n ly f ound . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s 9 0 ° . We l l c u t r e ce s s i nc ha lk , p robab le g r ave , 1 .0 . 80m ,w . 0 . 40m , 0 . 17m . O n ly m inu te b one f r agmen t s r e cove r ed . P robab le c h i ld . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s9 5 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 90m , w . 0 . 55m , d .0 . 14m . D ep r e s s ion u nde r p o t a t f o o t o f g r ave , d . 0 . 18m ) . A ppea r ed t oh ave b een c u t t or e ce ive p o t . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S up ine , l e g s a nd r i gh ta rm f l exed . S ke le ton i np oo rc ond i t ion . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B e low f e e t . Whee l th rown b o t t le . D amaged .* 2 . I r on o b jec t . A t l ef t s i de w a i s t . P robab ly p u r se -moun t .* GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 10m , w . 0 . 80m , d . 0 . 14m . O n ly t o o th a nd f r agmen t o f l o ng b one r e cove r ed . G rave g ood s : 1 10 . B ead s . x 10 . Ambe r . 1 12 . C lamp s . x 2 . Tw in i r on p l a te s r i v e t ed a te i the re nd . W i th ( 1 3 ) , p robab ly f i t t ing s o n a w ooden b oa rd .*

2 72

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes N -R .

1 97 . Nor thbourne I ,F ing lesham .

A ppend ix 2 : C ata logue o f g raves . ( S ites N -R ) .

I . D e s troyed b y c ha lk q uar ry ing , 1 928 .

G rave e n t r ies l i s ted i nb racke t s , t hu s ; ( GRAVE # ) , h ave n o tb een i n c luded i nt h ed a taba se . U n le ss s t a ted o therw ise , a l l g raves a r e s i ng le i n huma t ions . A a f t e r af i nd e n t ry d eno te st h a ta n

GRAVE A . A x is N -S? N o d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g oods r e co rded .

i l u s t ra t ion o ft h a tf i nd h a s b een p ub l ished .

GRAVE B . A x is WS W -ENE?

1 94 . N ew ing ton I ,M i lky D own .

No d e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g oods r e corded .

I . F ound d ur ing r oad w iden ing , 1 760 .

I . E xcava ted 1 928 -9 , a head o fc ha lk q uarry ing . W.P .D . S tebb ing .

GRAVE 1 . N o d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . S ke le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion , a pa r t f r om s ku l l ,

GRAVE A l .

w h ich w a s" much b ru ised" . B ody c r ouched .

A x is WS W -ENE . 0 . 43m w ide , 0 . 38m d eep . F oo to fg rave d es t royed b yq ua r ry .

G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . A tn eck .

A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tended , a rm s a ts i de s . H e igh ta bou t 1 . 63m .

2 . W i re . A tn eck .

G rave g oods : 1 . P o t tery v es se l . I n h o l low c u t i n s i de o f g rave , t o l ef t o f p e lv is . H and -made , c oa r se

GRAVE 2 . G rave may h ave c on ta ined c off in . N o d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded .

d a rk f a b r ic .*

G rave g ood s :

2 .

K n if e . O n p e lv is . F ragmen ta ry .

I .B ead s . GRAVE A 2 . GRAVE 3 . G rave may h ave c on ta ined c off in .

A x is SW -NE . G rave 2 . 29m l o ng , 0 . 6 1m w ide

N o d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded .

A du l t ma le .

N og rave g ood s r e co rded .

a rm s a t s i des .

a th ead , 0 . 56m w ide a tf oo t . S up ine e x tended , h ead t o r i gh t , S ke le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion ,

h e igh tn ea r ly 1 . 83m .

1 95 . N ew ington I ,D o l land 's Moor .

G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . O n p e lv is .* GRAVE A 3 ( r e -excava ted a s GRAVE 4 ) .

I . E xcava ted 1 989 , a head o f Channe l Tunne l c on s truc t ion . C an terbury A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t .

A x is WS W -ENE . w ide , 0 . 48m d eep .

G rave 2 . 26m l o ng , 0 . 76m G rave l i ned w i th l a rge

f l in t s . D is tu rbed , a ppa ren t ly i na n t iqu i ty . No d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s :

( GRAVE 1 . )

1 . P o t tery f ragmen t s . I n NW c or n e r b y l ef t f oo t . H and -made , b lack f ab r ic .

C h i ld , s ex n o td e term ined . No g rave g oods . ( GRAVE 2 . ) A du l tf ema le . P rone f l exed . No g rave g oods .

2 .

K n if e . O n r i gh ts i de i nl i ne w i th f emu r .

3 .

B ead . Ambe r .

4 .

B ead . B lue g l a ss .*

GRAVE A 4 . A x is b e tween W-E a nd WS W -ESE .

( GRAVE 3 . )

G rave

2 . 13m l o ng , 0 . 58m w ide , 0 . 56m d eep . S em i c i rcu la r n i che i ng rave w a l l , 5 cm a bove f l oo r ,

A du l tf ema le . F lexed . N og rave g ood s .

0 . 61 m f r om h ead e nd , o n l ef ts i de o fb ody .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 3 . B ead s . x 52 , i nt wo s t r ing s . S t r ing o f3 8 b ead s ( 3 6 g l a s s a nd 2 a mbe r ) , a l so h ad 3 b r ac tea t e s ( s ee 4 b e low ) . S t r ing o f 1 4 b ead s ( 1 0 g l a s s , 4a mbe r ) . F ound " ove r a nd a r ound b ody " . P o s s ib ly n eck lace w o rn s u spended b e tween t wo b rooche s .* 4 . B rac tea te s . x 3 , g o ld b r ac t ea t e s . A ppa r en t ly s u spended o nn eck la ce 3 . * 5 . B rooche s . x 2 , s i lve r -g i l t b i rd b r ooche s , i n la id w i th g a rne t s . P o s s ib ly w o rn a t s hou lde r s , s u spend ing n eck la ce .* 6 . B rooche s . x 2 , s i lve r r a d ia t e b rooche s . P a i r , a lmo s t i d en t ica l , f r om s am e m ou ld . P robab ly f o und o nb ody ,e i the rs i de o f7 . * 7 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed , s i lve r . V e ry w or n . B ow r e pa i red i n a n t iqu i ty . P robab ly w or na tc en t r eo fb ody , i nb e tween 6 . * 8 . B uck le . S i lve r -p la ted , i r on? C a s t o va l l o op w i th s h ie ld -on tongue .* 9 . R ive t s . x 2 , s hoe shaped b e l t r i ve t s . C oppe ra loy .* 1 0 . G i rd l e a cce s sor ie s . C oppe r a loy c y l inde r ( n eed le -ca se? )a nd i r on k ey s .* 1 . K ey . I r on . Two f r agmen t s .* 1 2 . K n if e . 1 3 . C of f i n f i t t ing s? I r on b i nd ing s r e po r t ed f r om t h i s g r ave , a nd t h ough tt oh ave b een f r om as h ie ld , m ay h ave b een c of in f i t t ing s .

A du l t m a le . S up ine e x tended , w i th h ead " a t h i ghe r l e ve l" . S ke le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion , h e igh t 1 . 82m t a l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I r on , f r agmen to f . 2 . 5cm l o ng . 2 . P o t t e ry? " Fou r o r f i ve p i ece s o fs of t r e d b r ick o rp o t te ry" . S ca t te red i nf i l l . GRAVE B I . A x i s b e tween W -E a nd WS W -ESE . G r ave 0 . 66m d eep . L a rg e ly d e s t royed b yq ua r ry . A du l tf ema le , a ged a bou t5 0y ea r s . S ke le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion ,b u ts ku l lc r u shed . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE C l . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 . 42m l o ng , 0 . 53m d eep . G rave ' ma in ly d e s t royed ' . P robab le c h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . H and -made , b rown f a b r ic . F ound i nf r agmen t s .* 2 . K n if e . B yr i gh ta rm . GRAVE C 2 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 2 . 03m l o ng , 0 . 66m w ide ,0 . 25m d eep . A du l tf ema le . S ke le ton a lmo s td ecayed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy a nnu la rb r ooch . O n b r ea s t .* 2 . R ing . I r on .*

GRAVE D 4 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 . 98m l o ng , 0 . 53m w ide , 0 . 38m d eep . S ke le ton a lmo s tc omp le t e ly d e s t royed . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p . 2 . B rooch o r b uck l e . F ragmen t s o f , a tl e f t h i p .

GRAVE D l . A x i s b e tween SW -NE a nd WS W -ENE . G rave 1 . 78m l o ng , 0 . 69m w ide , 0 . 35m d eep . G rave d i s tu rbed b yq ua r ry . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved ,s ku l ld e s t royed b yq ua r ry . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE D 5 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 . 09m l o ng , 0 . 43m w ide ,0 . 23m d eep . P r obab le c h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE D 3 ( i nc lud ing D 2 ) . A x i s SW -NE . G rave 2 . 51m l o ng , 0 . 79m w ide , 0 . 84m d eep . S i de o fg r ave c u t b y q ua r ry , b u t c on t en t su nd i s tu rbed . D 3 p o s s ib ly h ad c off in . D oub le i n huma t ion , s ku l l i n g r ave f i l l a bove m a in b u r ia l . D 2 : P robab le c h i ld . Sma l l f r agmen ta ry s ku l l o n ly , i ng r ave f i l la bou t0 . 2m b e low s u rf a ce . N og r ave g ood s . D 3 : A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x t ended , a rm s a t s i de s . R ema in so fl i mb sa nd t o po fs ku l lo n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s sv e s se l . C law b eake r . B eh ind a nd t o r i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . W ea v ing s wo rd . I r on , p a ra l le l t o r i gh t l e g .*

( GRAVE D 6 . ) A x i s SW -NE . G rave 1 . 63m l o ng , 0 . 18m d eep . P o s s ib ly g r ave n eve rc omp le ted o ru s ed . N ob one sr e cove r ed . N og r av eg ood s . GRAVE E l . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 0 . 56m w id e , 0 . 48m d eep . H ead o fg r ave r emoved b yq ua r ry . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . O n ly l e g s r ema ined ,r e s to fb ody r emoved b yq ua r ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t er y v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . O n s i de ,w i th n eck l y ing o ve ra nk le s .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 2 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , c a s t o va l l o op w i th s h ie ld -on tongue . C lo se t o s wo rd , j u s t a bove r i gh te l bow .* 3 . S pea rhead B e s ide r i gh t o f s ku l l , u nde rnea th s h ie ld . S haf t l y ing b e tween s wo rd a nd b ody . C y l inde r o fc o i led i r on w i r e a r ound b a se o fs o cke t .* 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e . B e s ide r i gh tf o o t .* 5 . S h i e ld P l a ced o ve r h ead . P o s s ib ly h ad b een p l a ced o nt o p o f ac of i n? C a r ina t ed b o s s , w i th l o ng g r ip . P o s s ib ly a l so s t r ip s o f i r on a r ound r im .* 6 . K n if e . O nr i gh th i p , p o in t ing t owa rd s f e e t . F r agmen ta ry . 7 . K n if e . T o r i gh t , b e s ide u ppe r t h igh . F r agmen ta ry .

GRAVE E 2 . A x i s S SW -NNE . G rave 2 . 14m l o ng , 1 . 04m w ide ,0 . 23m d eep . D oub le b u r ia l ,t wo s k e le ton ss i de b ys i de . E 2a ( r igh t ) : A du l tf ema le . E 2b ( l ef t ) : C h i ld ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s( p robab ly w i th E 2a ) : 1 . B rooch . S i lv e r s qua r e -headed . D i sc -on b ow . ( Le igh S e r ie sI ) . * 2 . B rooche s . P a i r , s i lve r s qua r e -headed . ( Le igh S e r ie sI ) .* 3 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc ( Aven tc o rpu s n o . 8 , c l a s s 1 . 1) .* 4 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , c a s t o va l l o op , s h ie ld o nt o ngue .* 5 . B e l t r i ve t s . C oppe r a loy , x 2 . S hoe s h aped .* 6 . R ive t . ' Ro se t te ' s haped . C oppe ra loy .*

GRAVE G 3 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 . 73m l o ng , 0 . 51m w ide , 0 . 4 1m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . B e tw een t h igh s .* 2 . S t ud C oppe ra l loy . ` T iny ' .* 3 . S t r ip . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE E 3 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 2 . 31m l o ng , 0 . 38m w id e ,0 . 53m d eep . S t ep a th ead o fg r ave . A du l tf ema le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . O nr i gh ts i de , e x t ended , h and s o n a bdomen . H e igh t a bou t 1 . 65m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE G 4 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 2 . 29m l o ng , 0 . 76m w ide , 0 . 36m d eep . A du l t f ema le , a ged 1 8 -20 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton i n g ood c ond i t ion , e x cep t h and sa nd f e e t . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B lade o n ly . L .8 . 5cm .

GRAVE F l . A x i s b e tween SW -NE a nd S SW -NNE . G r av e 1 . 98m l o ng , 0 . 51m w ide , 0 . 3m d eep . B o t tom c o rn e r so fg r ave r ounded . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B one s m uch d ecayed . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE G l . A x i sN -S . G rave 1 . 98m l o ng ,0 . 6 1m w ide . A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x t ended , h ead t or i gh t , l e f ta rm a c ro s sa bdomen ,r i gh th and o np e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . S i lve r f i nge r r ing , b e s ide r i gh t e a r ? W i r e ,w i th c o i led b eze l .* 2 . P in . I r on , f r agmen t . A tb ack o fh ead . 3 . G la s sf ragmen t . O nr i gh ts hou lde r . 4 . B ead G la s s ,h exagona l ,o paque g r een .*

( GRAVE G 5 . ) A x i s S SW -NNE . G rave 1 . 47m l o ng , 0 . 31m w ide , 0 . 31m d eep . P o s s ib ly a n u nf in i shed g r ave . N ob one sr e cove r ed . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE G 6 . A x i s b e tween SW -NE a nd S SW -NNE . G rave 1 . 78m l o ng , 0 . 74m w ide a th ead , 0 . 79m w ide a tf o o t ,0 . 46m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t r e co rded . S k e le ton f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . A ngu la rb l ade .* 2 . R ive t s . x 2 , c oppe ra loy . 3 . K n if e . B lade o n ly .*

GRAVE G 2 . A x i s b e tween SW -NE a nd S SW -NNE . G rave 2 . 51m l o ng , 0 . 76m w ide a th ead , 0 . 84m w ide a tf o o t ,0 . 94m d eep . P o s s ib ly h ad c of in . A du l t m a le . O n l e f t s i de , l e g s s l igh t ly f l exed . S ku l lm i s s ing . G rave g ood s : 1 . S word O n r i gh t s i de o f b ody , p omme l l e ve lw i th s hou lde r ,b l ade l y ing v e r t ica l ly .*

GRAVE G 7( r e -excava ted a sg r ave 2 9 ) . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 . 83m l o ng , 0 . 48m w ide ,0 . 6 1m d eep .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . E x t end ed . R ema in s o fl i mb sa nd p a r to fs ku l l . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE AA2 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave s ha l low . C u t g r av e AA 1 . A du l t f ema le , a g ed a bou t 4 0 y ea r s . O n r i gh t s i de , l e g s f l exed , f o r ea rm a t r i gh t a ng le t o b ody . R ema in so fl i mb sa nd c r u shed s ku l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . P a ra l le l t o f o r ea rm , i n f r on t o f p e lv i s .* 2 . P in . I r on ,t wo f r agmen t so f . B yc he s t .

GRAVE H I . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 . 65m l o ng , 0 . 46m w ide , 0 . 51m d eep . C u tl owe re nd o fg r ave H 2 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I . F e r ru l e . I r on .* 2 . K n if e .* 3 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE AA3 ( r e -excava ted a s GRAVE 1 7 ) . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE H 2 . A x i s SW -NE . G rave 1 . 52 m in . l e ng th , 0 . 6 1m w ide , 0 . 36m d eep . L owe r e nd d e s t royed b y g r ave H l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy c a s to va l l o op , p l a in i r on t o ngue .* 2 . K n if e . B lade o n ly .* 3 . S t r ip . I r on . L .4 cm ,w . 7 mm .

GRAVE AA4 ( r e -excava ted a s GRAVE 1 4 ) . A x i s W -E . P o s s ib ly at r ip le b u r ia l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s sv e s se l . P a lm c up .* 2 . K n ive s . x 2 .*

GRAVE H 3 . A x i sS SW -NNE . G rave l a rg e . D oub le i n huma t ion . Two s k e le ton s , o ne a bove t h eo t he r . H 3A ( l owe r ) : A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -50 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , h ead r a i sed . S ku l l a nd l e g s w e l lp r e se rved . N o td i s tu rbed b yH 3B . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . Sma l l l e af shaped b l ade . O n l e f ts i de ,p o in tl e ve lw i th e ye s o ck e t .* 2 . S eax . O nl ef ts i de ,b e s id eh i p , l y ing a c ro s s s p ea r s haf t . P o s s ib ly d i sp la ced b y s e cond b ody .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on ,o va l l o op .* 4 . K n if e . 5 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . 6 . P in . I r on ,b en t . H 3B ( uppe r ) : P robab le a du l t f ema le . A ppea r ed t o h ave b een " f lung i no n t o p" o f H 3A . P o s s ib ly b u r ied a ts ame t i me a s H 3A . S ke le ton n o tw e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

I I . R e search e xcava t ion s , 1 959 -67 . S .C . Hawke s . ( GRAVES 1 2 16 . ) Awa i t ing p ub l ica t ion . S .C . H awk e s . GRAVE 2 03 . A x i s SW -NE . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . W ea v ing b a t t en . I r on . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . C law b eake r . 3 . B ow l . C oppe ra loy ,w i th b o s sed r i m . 4 . N eck lace . Two s t rand s , a r ound t h roa t . F i r s t s t rand c on s i s t s o f6 5 g l a s s b ead s , a nd 1 g a rne t se t p o lyhed ra l b ead . S econd s t rand c on s i s t s o f 2s i lve r p i n s , g o ld p o lyhed ra l b ead , 2g o ld b r ac tea te s , 2g o ld p endan t s , 2 1 g l a s s b ead s , 2k nob sf r om b ow b rooch .* 5 . B rooch . S i lve r -g i l t r o se t t e b r ooch . R igh t s i de o fn eck .* 6 . B rooch . S qua re -headed , F r ank i sh . O ve r ly ing n eck la ce a tf r on to ft h roa t .* 7 . B rooch . Sma l l s qua r e -headed . K en t i sh . O nb r ea s t ,h ead u pwa rd s .* 8 . B rooch . Sma l l s qua r e -headed . K en t i sh . O nb r ea s t ,h ead u pwa rd s .* 9 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy o va l l o op . R ec tangu la r g a rne t se t t ing o n t o ngu e . A t w a i s t .* 1 0 . B e l t s t ud s . x 3 , c i rcu la r , 2w i th g a rne t s e t t ing s . A tw a i s t .*

GRAVE H 4 . A x i s b e tween SW -NE a nd S SW -NNE . G rave 1 . 85m l o ng ,0 . 6 1m w ide . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S l igh t t r a ce s o f s k e le ton o n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE AA 1 . A x i sS SW -NNE . C u tb yg r ave AA2 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 1 . S t rap tag s . S eve ra l , a tw a i s t , c onnec t ed t o p ouch 1 2 . 1 2 . P u r se . O pen -wo rk c oppe r a loy p u r se r i ng , i r on f i r e s t ee l ,a n t le rr i ng . A tl e f th i p . 1 3 . P y r i t e s . W i th p u r se .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 15° . G rave 1 . 14m d eep . G rave c u t s NW e nd o fg r ave 2 . A du l tm a le , a g ed 3 0+ y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S t a tu r ea pp rox . 1 . 73m . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . T ol ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O np e lv i s .* 3 . S t ud s . x 4 . I r on . A s soc ia t ed w i th s h ie ld . 4 . K n if e . L ef t s i de o f w a i s t , p o in t t owa rd s h ead . L . 1 60mm . 5 . B uck le . I r on . A t c en t r e o f b ody a bove p e lv i s .*

GRAVE 2 04 . A x i s SW -NE . P o s s ib ly p r ima ry i nb a r row , b u t m ound n ow d e s t royed . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd . R ing s wo rd . 2 . B uck le . I r on , s i lve r -g i l t c l o i sonné s e t t ing s o nl o op ,k idney shaped p l a t e . 3 . S pea rhead . S wan ton t y pe K l . T o r i gh to f s k u l l . 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 5 . K n if e . 6 . G la s sv e s se l . C law b eake r . 7 . B ow l . C oppe r a loy , b o s s r immed . C on ta ined ? nu t she l l s . 8 . S h i e ld -bo s s . C a r ina t ed .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep , c u t i n to ' d i r ty g r ave l ' . A du l tf ema le . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . S t a tu r ea pp rox . 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . C oppe ra loy d i sc . O nr i gh tc he s t . D eco ra t ion o f i n sc r ibed c i r c le s a nd p unched t r iang le s . R ema in so fi r on p i n .* 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy d i sc . J u s t b e low c h in . C oncen t r ic i n sc r ibed c i r c le sa nd p unched o r namen t . I r on p i n .* 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , i r on t o ngue . T or i gh t o fr i gh tf emu r .* 4 . K n if e . C en t r e w a i s t , p o in t t o r i gh t . L . 14mm .

GRAVE 2 05 . A x i s SW -NE . G rave r obbed i na n t iqu i ty . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S i lve r -g i l t b ow b r ooch w i th s em i c i r cu la rh ead a nd 8k nob s . T hu r ing ian t y pe .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s 17 ' . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . Mode rn d r a inag et r ench a c ro s sm idd le o fg r av e . A du l t m a le , a g ed 2 0 y ea r s o r o ve r . S up ine e x tended . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O n l e f ts i de o fs ku l l .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O n l owe rl e f tl e g .

2 00 . O rp ington I . I . F ound 1 965 -68 , d ur ing r e search e xcava t ion s . P .J .T e s ter . GRAVE 1 . C r ema t ion . I n se r ted i nu ppe rf i l l ing o fg r ave 6 . S ma l lq uan t i ty o fb u rn tb one s i nb o t tom o fu r n . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry u rn . P a r to fb a se . H and -made . 2 . I r on o b jec t . P o s s ib ly t o i le tu t en s i lo rk n if e? I n( 1 ) .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s 16 ° . G rave 1 . 02m d eep . U nde r lay g r ave 7 . G rave 1w a s a ppa r en t ly i n se r ted i n t h eu ppe rf i l l . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 5 -30 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended , h and s t og e the r o n p e lv i s . S k e le ton w e l lp r e se rved . H e igh ta bou t 1 . 6m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s 31° . NW e nd c u tb yg r ave 3 . A du l t f ema le , a ged c . 3 0 y ea r s . S ke le ton i n comp le te , l e g sd e s t roy ed b yg r ave 3 . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . C lo se t o r i gh t h ume ru s , p o in t t owa rd s S E .* 2 . G la s s a rm l e t I n f r agmen t s , b u t o ne f r agmen t b e low r i gh t h ume r u s ; h ad b een w or n j u s t a bove e l bow . D a rk o l ive -g reen g l a s s w i th s t r eak s a nd p a t che s o fa mbe ra nd b l u i sh -g r een . I mp r e s sed o rr ou le t ted o r namen t .*

GRAVE 7 . A x i s9 9 ° . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . P a r t ia l ly o ve r lay g r ave 6 . A du l t m a le , a g ed a bou t 4 0 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , r i gh t a rm b en t a te l bow , a c ro s s b ody . H e igh ta bou t 1 . 68m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . T o l e f to fs ku l l .*

2 77

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O ve r u ppe r l e f t f emu r . F i ve s i lv e r -headed r i ve t s o n f l ang e . G r ip w i th t u rned u ps i de s .* 3 . K n if e . O n l e f ts i de o fw a i s t , p o in tt owa rd s f o o t .

GRAVE 1 5 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one si n ur n . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . B rok en .

GRAVE 8 . C rema t ion . B u rn tb one s i nu r n . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry u rn . B la ck , g r i t ty f a b r ic , w i th s t amped d eco ra t ion . D amag ed .*

GRAVE 1 6 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one s i n ur n . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry u rn . D amaged .* GRAVE 1 7 . C r ema t ion . A te dge o fg r ave 2 4 B ur n tb one s i nu rn . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry u rn . C haf f tempe r ed ,g r ey f a b r ic .*

GRAVE 9 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one si n ur n . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry u rn . B rown t o b l a ck f a b r ic . C omp le te .* 2 . C omb? Two f r agmen t s o f w o rked b one w i th i n sc r ibed p a ra l le l l i ne s . I n s ide u r n .*

GRAVE 1 8 . C r ema t ion . B u rn tb one si nu r n . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . B a se o fb l ack p o t .

GRAVE 1 0 . C r ema t ion . B u rn tb one si nu r n . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry u rn . B a se o fv e ry d amag ed b l ack p o t .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s 1 0 5° . G rave 0 . 99m d eep . G rav e 1 2 ( c r ema t ion )a tu ppe rl e f te dge . A du l t f ema le , a g ed c . 2 0 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended , r i gh th and o np e lv i s . S t a tu r ea pp rox . 1 . 63m . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l ea nd s t ud s . C oppe ra l loy b u ck le . O n r i gh t h i p , t o ngue p o in t ing r i gh t . A s soc ia t ed w i th x 4c oppe ra l loy d ome h eaded s t ud s .* 2 . K n if e . C o r roded t o g e the r w i th 3 , 4a nd 5 ( p o s s ib ly = con ten t so fb ag ) ,t ol e f to fu ppe rl e f t f emu r .* 3 . R ing s . x 2 , i r on .* 4 . W i re l o op . C oppe ra loy .* 5 . R ing . C oppe ra loy f i nge rr i ng .*

GRAVE 1 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one s i nu r n . G rav eg ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . B a se o fd amag ed r e dd i sh p o t . GRAVE 1 2 . C r ema t ion . A tu ppe rl e f te dg eo fg r ave 1 9 . B u rn tb one si nu rn . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry u rn . G rey -b rown c haf f t empe r ed p o t .*

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s 12 ° . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . C h i ld , a g ed 7 8 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 12m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th p l a te . C opp e r a loy r i ve t o n p l a t e . M id -wa i s t , t o ngue p o in t ing l e f t .* 2 . K n if e . U nde rb uck le ,p o in tt owa rd sr i gh t .*

GRAVE 1 3 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one si n ur n . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . C haf f tempe r ed b ow l .* GRAVE 1 4 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one si n ur n . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry u rn . C haf f t empe r ed p o t , w i th p i e r ced l u g s . C on ta ined t r a ce so ff o od .* 2 . R ing . I r on . F ound a mong s t b one s i n s ide u r n . 3 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Sma l l c haf f tempe r ed p o t , f o und n ea r 1 . *

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s 1 1° . A du l t f ema le , a ged c .3 5 . E x t end ed s up ine . S ke le ton v e ry p oo r ly p r e se rved . S t a tu re o ve r 1 . 53m . G rave g ood s :

2 78

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 1 . B rooche s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy b i rd -b rooche s . P a i r . B e low c h in , 8 cm a pa r t , h ead s i n c l in ing s l igh t ly o u twa rd s , b eak s i no u twa rd d i r ec t ion . T ra ce s o f i r on p i n s , a nd t i nn ing o r s i lve r ing . R ing -and -do to rnamen t .* 2 . K n if e . B y l e f t h i p , p o in t t owa rd s l e f t . A s soc ia ted w i th 3 a nd 4 ( may = con ten t s o f b ag ) .* 3 . R ing s . x 2 , c oppe ra l loy . A s soc ia t ed w i th 2 a nd 4 . L y ing i nc on tac t .* 4 . T ube . T inned o rs i lve r ed c oppe ra loy . 5 . C o in . R oman ; s e s te r t iu s o f A n ton inu s P i u s . B yl ef tk nee .

A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 3 0 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , l e f ta rm f l exed . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 83m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh ts hou lde r .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . C en t r e o fr i gh t f emu r . W i th i r on g r ip .* 3 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 c oppe r a loy d i sc h eaded r i ve t s .* 4 . P la te s . x 2 , r e c tangu la r , c oppe r a loy . P o s s ib ly b i nd ing sf o re dge o fs h ie ld b oa rd .* 5 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* GRAVE 2 7 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one s i n ur n . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t ery u rn . B rown -b lack f a b r ic , 3b o s se s .*

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s 2 7 ° . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . G rave 4 6 ( c r ema t ion ) a ppa r en t ly i n se r ted i nl owe r r i gh t c o rne r . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 4 0y ea r so ro ve r . E x tended s up ine . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 6m . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t , p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* 2 . T wee ze r s? I r on . C lo se t ok n if e . 3 . B ead s . x 2 , a mbe r . U nd e rc h in .*

GRAVE 2 8 . C r ema t ion . B u rn tb one s i nu r n . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry u rn . I n comp le te , g r ey w i th r e dd i sh p a tche s . I n c i sed g r oove s a nd c hev ron o r namen t .*

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s 1 5 ° . A du l tm a le , a ged a bou t 5 0 y ea r s . S up ine , l e g s f l ex ed t ol ef t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 78m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE? 2 8A . P robab le c r ema t ion . N ob one sf o und . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry u rn . I n comp le te . G r ey f a b r ic . I n c i sed g roove s r ound n eck , t r ip le s l a she s o n s hou lde r .*

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s S -N . L owe r p a r t o fg r ave d e s t royed b y g r ave 2 5 . G rave 1 7 ( c r ema t ion ) a tu ppe r l e f t e dg e . C h i ld , a ged a bou t 4y ea r s . S ku l l a nd a rm s o n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s2 0 ° . G rave s ha l low . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , a rm s c r o s sed o n c he s t . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef th i p , w i th 2 4 . 2 . R ing s . x 2 i r on ,c o r roded t o1 . 3 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy .* 4 . R ing . C oppe ra loy s p i ra l s t r ip .* 5 . S t rap -end C oppe r a loy w i th i r on r i ve t , u nde rr i gh tk nee .* 6 . B uck le . I r on w i th c oppe r a loy p l a t e . C en t r ew a i s t ,t o ngue p o in t ing l e f t .*

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 1 04° . G rave c u tg r ave 2 4 . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine ,h ead t ol e f t . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 63m . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . R igh ts hou lde r .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th c oppe r a loy g r ip . O n r i gh tc he s t .* 3 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . x 4 c i r cu la r i r on p l a te s . 2 e i the rs i de o fb o s s .* 4 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . 5 . B uck l e . I r on . C en t r e w a i s t , t o ngue p o in t ing r i gh t .* 6 . S t rap -end ? I r on . L owe rl e f ta bdomen .*

GRAVE 3 0 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one s i nu r n . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . I n comp le t e ,b rown f a b r ic .*

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s 2 0 ° . C ompac t l a ye r o f l a rg e f l i n t s i n u ppe r f i l l o f g r ave . L ow e r p a r t o f g r ave c u t R oman p i t .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s 1 02 ° . C h i ld , s t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 07m .

2 79

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 1 . 2 . 3 .

N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s W-E? J uven i le , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton v e ry f r agmen ta ry . S ta tu re u nde r0 . 92m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 14 .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s 1 22° . G rave 0 . 86m d eep . A n ima l b one s ( ho r se p e lv i sa nd a t la s ) l y ing a c ro s sk nee s . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 83m . G rave g ood s : I . S pea rhead B y l ef ts hou lde r .* 2 . S h ie ld -bos s . L ef tc he s t . W i th i r on g r ip .* 3 . K n if e . U nde r2 . *

C e ram ic , p a s te , g l a s s a nd 1

a mbe r .* 2 . C o in s . x 2 . R oman ; ( i ) A l lec tu s , f ound a t c en t r e o fb ody . ( i ) C on s tan t ine I ,f ound 1 5cm f u r the r t owa rd s f oo t . B o th p i e rced f o r s u spen s ion .*

GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s 1 29 ° . G rave 0 . 56m d eep , d ug a c ro s s R oman d i tch . A du l t f ema le . E x tended s up ine . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e served , s t a tu re a pp rox . 1 . 45m . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooche s . x 2 , i d en t ica l p a i ro fc oppe ra l loy s auce r b rooche s . One o n r i gh t s hou lde r , o t he r o n c h in . C en t ra l s wa s t ika mo t if .* 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy w i th i r on t o ngue , ` 1 Y s haped R oman t ype . O n p e lv i s , t o ngue t o r i gh t .* 3 . K ey . C oppe ra l loy , R oman . A tl e f tw a i s t .* 4 . I r on o b jec t . P o s s ib ly k ey , c o r roded , t e x t i le a dhe r ing . I nc on tac tw i th ( c ) .

GRAVE 3 3 . A x i s 1 8° . O u t l ine o fg rave n o tc l ea r . C h i ld ,a ged 1 . 5 -2 y ea r s . S ku l lo n ly . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 4 . C rema t ion . B u rn tb one s i nu rn . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t tery u rn . G rey , c haf f tempe r ed .* GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s 1 23° . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 3 5 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 68m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S p ind le -who r l . Made f r om b a se o fR oman p o t . I n s ide u ppe rr i gh tf emu r .* 2 . B uck le . I r on l o op a nd c oppe r a loy p l a te . C en t re w a i s t ,t ongue t or i gh t .* 3 . K ey . I r on w i th s u spen s ion r i ng . R oman? R igh ts i de o fc he s t .* 4 . K n if e . A c ro s s 3 , p o in t t owa rd s r i gh t s hou lde r .* 5 . K n if e . I nf i l l , l ef to fs ku l l .*

GRAVE 4 0 . A x is 2 7 ° . F l in t s u nde rh ead . C u tg r ave 4 4 . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . E x tended s up ine , h ead s l igh t ly r a i sed o n f l in t s . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O n l ef tf o rea rm . GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s 12° . J uven i le , a ged a bou t 1 3 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . L ef t l e g d i s tu rbed . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 37m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch , b ronze -g i l t . O n

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s 1 20° . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , l e g s c ro s sed a t a nk le s . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 73m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S word O n l ef ta rm .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . I r on

S pea rhead B yr i gh te l bow .* S h ie ld -bo s s . T op o fl ef tf emu r .* K n if e . L ef tw a i s t ,p o in tt owa rd ss ku l l .

l ef tc l av ic le .* 2 . B rooch . g r ip

w i th

t e x t i le

a dhe r ing . O nc he s t .* 3 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy w i th i r on t o ngue .

U ppe r

b ody .* 4 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t .*

F ound u nde r2 . * 4 . K n if e . U nde rc h in .* GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s 15° . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . s up ine . S t a tu re a bou t 1 . 80m . G rave g ood s :

S qua re -headed , c oppe r a loy .

R igh ts hou lde r .* 3 . B ead s . x 13 , 9g l a s s , 4a mbe r .

5 .

B uck le . I r on . P e lv i s .*

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s 15° . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 3 0 y ea r s . s up ine . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 75m . G rave g ood s :

E x tended

2 80

E x tended

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . 1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O n e dg e , o n r i gh t s hou lde r . W i th 3i r on s t ud s .* 3 . R ing a nd p la t e s . C oppe r a loy r i ng a nd 6 s ma l l r e c tangu la r p l a te s . A t w a i s t , p o s s ib ly b e l tf i t t ing s .* GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s 1 05° . A du l t ? , p robab ly f ema le . S t a tu r eo ve r 1 . 37m . N og r ave g ood s .

G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . I n comp le te ,b rown f a b r ic . GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s 1 0 1° . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . U ppe r g r ave f i l lo ff l i n tn odu le s . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , r i gh tf o r ea rm a c ro s s b ody w i th h and o n b e l tb uck le . S t a tu re a pp rox . 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e a nd p la te . C oppe ra l loy , w i th s i lve r i n la id a t ta chmen tp l a te .* 2 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy d i sc b rooch . O n l e f t s hou lde r .* 3 . B ead . D i sco ida la mbe r . A tb a ck o fs ku l l .* 4 . C o in . R oman , c oppe r a loy . P robab ly r a d ia t e . B yl e f th and .

E x t ended s up ine .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s 1 27 ° . U ppe r p a r t o fg r ave c u t b y g r ave 4 0 . P robab le a du l t . L eg b one ss u rv ived o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooche s . x 2 , p a i r o f b r onz e -g i l t s a uce r b r ooche s . A tp o s i t ion o fs hou lde r s .*

GRAVE 5 2 . C r ema t ion . B u rn tb one s i n ur n . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry u rn . G r ey , g l obu la r p o t . c r u shed .*

GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s 15° . F oo to fg r ave c u tR oman d i t ch . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . E x tended s up ine . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on . A tw a i s t .* 2 . K n if e . S ma l l ,a tl e f tw a i s t .* 3 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . P l an t i mp r e s s ion s o n s u r f a ce c o r ro s ion . W i th k n if e .*

GRAVE 5 3 . A x i s 9 8 ° . U ppe r p a r t o f g r ave d e s t royed b y m ode rn d i s tu rbance . L eg b one ss u rv ived o n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s 1 02 ° . S ku l ls u rv iv ed o n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 4 6 . C r ema t ion . A ppa r en t ly i n se r t ed i n to g r av e2 2 . B u rn tb one s i nu rn . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . Sma l l ,b l a ck .*

GRAVE 5 . A x i s 16 ° . U ppe r p a r t o f g r ave d e s t royed b y m oder nd i s tu rbance . L eg b one ss u rv ived o n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s 1 26° . A du l t . E x tended s up ine , l e g s c r o s sed . B one s p oo r ly p r e se rved . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 68m . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on . A tw a i s t . GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s 14° . A du l t . O n l e f t s i de , l e g s f l exed . p oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

B a se

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s 1 0 1° . G rave c u ta c ro s s R oman d i t ch . A du l t , p r obab ly f ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S t a tu r eo ve r 1 . 52m . N og r ave g ood s .

S k e le ton

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i s 10 ° . A ge a nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . E x tended s up ine . S k e le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . S t a tu r e a bou t 1 . 47m . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s2 9 ° . G rave d i s tu rbed i nm oder np e r iod . S ku l lo n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s 1 07 ° .

GRAVE 5 0 . C r ema t ion . B ur n tb one si nu r n .

2 8 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . A du l tf ema le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . F l exed o n l e f t s i de . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . G rey f a b r ic , i n c i sed l i nea r d eco ra t ion a nd c i rcu la r d imp le s . U p r igh t , c l o se t ob a ck o fs ku l l .* 2 . B ead s . x 53 . G la s s . I n f r on t o f u ppe r b ody .* 3 . T ube s . x 2 . C oppe r a loy . F ound a mong s t b ead s ;p robab ly ' s pace r s ' o nn eck la ce .* 4 . B rooche s . x 2 . C oppe ra loy d i sc b rooche s , i d en t ica lp a i r . B o th a tt h roa t . P unched t r iang le d eco ra t ion , i r on p i n s .* 5 . B uck l e . I r on . V e ry c o r roded . A tw a i s t .* 6 . K n if e . F ound n ea rb u ck le .* 7 . C o in . R oman b ronz e . M id -4 th c en tu ry . L y ing n ea rf emu r . GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s 1 20 ° . A du l t a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . S t a tu r ea bou t 1 . 52m . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s SW -NE? L owe rp a r to fg r ave d i s tu rbed . T race so fs k e le ton o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . P la te s . x 2 r e c tangu la r c oppe r a loy . A t c en t r eo fg r ave . B e l t f i t t ing s?* GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s 2 72 ° . L owe r p a r t o fg rave d e s t roy ed b y m ode rn d i s tu rbance . S ex a nd a ge n o td e te rm ined . F ragmen to fs k u l l a nd a rm b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . C oppe ra loy d i sc . A tt h roa t .* GRAVE 6 . A x i s S -N . U ppe r p a r t o fg rave d e s t roy ed b y g r ave 6 7 . L eg s a nd f e e t o n ly . O n l ef t s i de , c r ou ched , k nee st ol e f t . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

E x tended s up ine .

GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s 1 02 ° . C u t sg r ave 6 6 . U ppe rp a r to fg r ave d e s t royed b y mode rn s ewe rt r ench . P robab le a du l t . L eg s a nd f r agmen t so fl e f ta rm o n ly . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . C la sp . C oppe r a loy , w i th p a r t o fi r on r i ng a t ta ched b yc o r ro s ion . R oman?*

GRAVE 6 0 . A x i s 1 05° . G rave ' s ha l low ' . H ead e nd c u t b y g r ave 6 2 . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined , s k e le ton f r agmen ta ry . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . D eco ra t ed b uck l eu rne t y pe . P l aced b ys k u l l .*

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i s9 8 ° . A du l t , p r obab ly f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , h and s o n p e lv i s . S t a tu r e a pp rox . 1 . 53m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy a pp l ied s a uce r b r ooch . A ts hou lde r .* 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy a pp l ied s a uce r b r ooch . A ts hou lde r .* 3 . B ead . L a rg eg l a s sm e lon . C lo se t ol e f ts i de o fs ku l l . I n comp le te . G reen w i th t r a ce s o fr e d a nd y e l low s t r ipe s .*

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i s 1 20 ° . A ge a nd s e xn o td e t e rm ined . F ragmen to fs ku l l a nd l e gb one so n ly . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on , n ea r c en t r e o f b ody . ` D ' s h aped l o op .* 2 . K n if e . O n l ef t s i de . L . 1 66mm . P a r t o f i r on r i ng a dhe r ing . GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s 1 98 ° . C u tg r ave 6 0 . P robab le a du l t . S ku l l a nd l e g s o n ly . E x t ended s up ine . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i s 1 24 ° . A du l t , p r obab ly f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 . O n l e f t s i de , l e g sf l exed t ol e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . S ma l l ,b l ue g l a s s . 2 . B ead . G r een i sh g l a s s w i th w h i t e s u rf a ce . May b er e s idua l .

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s 1 2 1° . M idd le o f g r av e d e s t royed b y m ode rn s ewe rt r ench . A du l t . S up ine , l e g s f l exed s l igh t ly t o l e f t . S t a tu r e 1 . 68m o ro ve r . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on . W i th p l a te . D i s tu rbed i n

( GRAVE 7 0 . ) G rave d e s t royed b ym oder ns ewe rt r ench . S ku l lo n ly .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

A x i s W -E . T r ench 1 9B . G rave o u t l ined b y l a rge s t one sr obbed f r om R oman b u i ld ing . A du l tm a le , a g ed c .4 0+ y ea r s . Ma lf o rmed l e f t l e g . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . P a ra l le lt or i gh tu ppe ra rm . 2 . K n if e . O ve rp e lv i s . 3 . B uck l e o r b rooch . V e ry c oroded i r on , a d jacen tl e f ta rm ,n ea rk n if e . 4 . S t ud s . x 5 , i r on . I nv i c in i ty o f5 . 5 . I r on o b jec t . ' Lump ' , n ea r h ead . P o s s ib ly v e ry c o r roded s h ie ld -bo s s?

GRAVE 7 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ku l lo n ly r e cove r ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead .*

I . R e search e xcava t ions , 1 971 -77 . B rom ley Museum . GRAVE 7 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e t e rm ined . Af ew d amaged b one so n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

( GRAVE 7 7 . ) P o s s ib le g r ave , i nt r ench 1 9AY . A f ew b one s o n ly , b u t t h ey m ay h ave b een d e r ived f r om a no the rb u r ia l . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 3 . A x i sW -E . I nt r ench 1 9A . G rave d i s tu rbed b y m ode rn i n t ru s ion . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S t a tu re 1 . 676m . L eg s s e ve r ed b y m od er nd i s tu rbance . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o t s he rd s . O n l e f t s hou lde r . W i th t wo s h eep /goa tt e e th . 2 . I r on o b jec t . B ad ly c o r roded . A tf e e t . 3 . K n if e . L ef ts hou lde r . 4 . G la s sf ragmen t . P a le g r een . I nd i s tu rbed s o i la bove g r ave .

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i s W -E . I n t r ench 3 0 . G rave s h a l low , o u t l ined w i th c obb le s . A du l tm a le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S t a tu r e 1 . 598m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fh ead . 2 . I r on o b jec t . B yr i gh ta rm . 3 . O b jec t . B y l e f tt i b ia . 4 . O b jec t . N ea rs pea r . 5 . B uck le . I r on ,a bove p e lv i s . 6 . S t ud s . x 3 , i r on , s ma l l . 7 . O b jec t s . P o t s h e rd s , 2s h eep t e e th , 1b l ue g l a s s b ead . F rom s o i l a bove g r ave , b u t n o t d ef in i te ly a s soc ia t ed .

GRAVE 7 4 . A x i sW -E . I nt r ench 1 9B . P o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S t a tu r e 1 . 54m . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . S ma l l ,b eh ind p e lv i s .* 2 . B ead s . x 11 . 9b l ue g l a s s , 1b l ue a nd w h i te , 1g r ey b aked c l ay . N ea rr i gh th and .* 3 . B rooch o r b uck le . V e ry c o r roded , a bove r i gh tp e lv i s . 4 . B rooch . P a r t o f , o n c he s t . C oppe r a loy b ow b rooch .* 5 . F ragmen t s . B ronz e s l ag , 2t h in c oppe r a loy s t r ip s , r ound -headed i r on p i n . F r om d i s tu rbed s o i l a bove g r ave , b u t n o t d ef in i te ly a s soc ia t ed .

GRAVE 7 9 . A x i s E -W . I nt r ench 2 0 . G rave d i s tu rbed i n m oder np e r iod . J uven i le /young a du l t f ema le , a ged c . 1 6 18 y ea r s . S t a tu r ec .1 . 42m . I . B ead s . x 19 . 8b y h and s , 1 0 b y a nk le s , 1 m e lon a bove p e lv i s . 1 3 g l a s s , 1m e lon , 5 c l ay .* 2 . C o in . V e ry c o r roded , p robab ly R oman . F ound i ns o i l b yg r ave . 3 . B race l e t . I r on , w i th k nob t e rm ina l s . A round l e f tw r i s t . 4 . H ook o r c ha t e la ine . I r on , a d ja cen t r i gh t l e g . 5 . P in s . x 2 . 1i r on , 1c oppe r a loy . At h i rd p i n w a s f o und n ea rby , b u t w a s n o t d ef in i te ly a s soc ia ted w i th t h i sb u r ia l .

GRAVE 7 5 . I nt r ench 1 9B . C h i ld . 4t e e th o n ly s u rv iv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooche s . x 2 s auce r b r ooche s , r unn ing s p i ra l m o t if s . F ound i na r ea o ft h i s b u r ia l , b u t n o td ef in i te ly a s soc ia ted .*

GRAVE 8 0 . A x i s W -E . I n t r ench 3 0 e x ten s ion . G rave o u t l ined b yl a rge f l in t s . D i s tu rbed . P robab le a du l t m a le . E x tended s up ine . S ke le ton f a i r ly w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 7 6 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 1 . C o in . R oman . 2 . K n if e . R igh ts i de o fp e lv i s . 3 . I r on o b jec t . R ound , n ea rs ku l l . 4 . B race le t . S ha le , p a r t o f . A t l ef t f oo t , b u t p o s s ib ly h ad f a l len i n to g rave f r om a d jacen t R oman d epo s i t s . 5 . T oo th . C h i ld 's m i lk t oo th . A t l ef t s hou lde r ,p o s s ib ly r e s idua l f r om a no the rb u r ia l . 6 . I r on o b jec t . S h ie ld -g r ip?

I . F ound d ur ing March 1 865 .

GRAVE A . N od e ta i l so fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . Ambe r , g l a s s , ' c ry s ta l ' . 2 . B rooch . G a rne ti n la id d i sc . 3 . B rooch . G a rne ti n la id d i sc . 4 . K ey . I r on . ' La rge ' . 5 . R ing s . C oppe ra l loy a nd i r on . L ink ed . 6 . T ag s . x 3 . C oppe ra l loy . 7 . R ing . S p i ra l s i lve rf i nge rr i ng .* 8 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . W i th p l a te .* 9 . S tud C oppe ra l loy .*

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s W-E . I nt r ench 1 . G rave s ha l low , b ody l y ing o nt op o fs t one so fR oman c ou r tya rd . Ma le ' y ou th ' . E x tended s up ine . S t a tu r e 1 . 77m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T or e a ro fh ead . L .2 0 .4cm . 2 . K n if e . O n c en t re o fc he s t .

R e search e xcava t ion B rom ley Museum .

I . F ound d ur ing e xcava t ion s , a u tumn 1 867 . T .G . G odf rey F au sse t t .

1 978 .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s S -N . G rave 0 . 71m d eep . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton 1 . 62m i n h e igh t . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . B y l ef t o f s ku l l , l y ing h o r izon ta l ly , s i de a ga in s t s ku l l , l i p t owa rd s s hou lde r . C one b eake r .* 2 . K n if e . N ea rh and s . 3 . B uck le . N ea rw a is t . C oppe ra l loy c a s to va l l o op . I r on t o ngue . 4 . S tud N ea r w a is t . C oppe r a l loy , s e t w i th g a rne t .*

GRAVE 8 2 . I nt r ench 3 2A . G rave l e s s t h an am e t r e f r om R oman b u i ld ing . D i s tu rbed b yV ic to r ian s ewe r p i pe s . P o s s ib le m a tu re a du l t f ema le . O n ly af r agmen t o fs ku l la nd s ome t e e th r e cove red . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e s se l . Sma l l , d a rk g r ey c oa r se w a r e ,c ru shed . Ad jacen ts ku l lo n NN W s i de . 2 . I r on f ragmen t . T iny , f r om s o i l a bove g r ave ,n o td ef in i te ly a s soc ia ted . ( GRAVE 8 3 . ) Sma l l p i le o f f r agmen ted h uman b one , m ay e qua lg rave . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 8 4 . ( Aka g rave B 1) . C rema t ion , i n g round s o f N o . R oad . N oo t he rd e ta i l s .

g round -work s ,

GRAVE 2 . A x is S -N . G rave o ve r0 . 31 m d eep . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . S t a tu re o ve r 1 . 83m . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 . A x i s S -N . G rave s ha l low . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . s i de . S ke le ton ' l a rge ' . N og rave g ood s .

1B enef ie ld

2 01 . O t ford I ,C har re E s ta te .

S ke le ton l y ing o n

GRAVE 4 . A x i s S -N . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . S ta tu re o ve r 1 . 83m . G rave g ood s : I . S hea r s . H and le o f . I r on . N ea rm idd le . 2 . Aw l . I r on . N ea rm idd le . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . N ea rm idd le .

I .F ound 1 954 . GRAVE 1 . C rema t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . S t amp d eco ra ted .

4 . K n if e . N ea rm idd le .

2 02 . P a t r ixbourne I ,B i f rons .

GRAVE 5 . A x is S -N . G rave o ve r2 . 13m l o ng .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . A g e a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined , s k e le ton a lmo s t e n t i r e ly d ecayed . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K ey . C oppe ra l loy . B e tw een t h igh s .* 2 . K ey . C oppe ra l loy . W i th 1 . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy c a s to va l l o op . N ea r ( 1 ) .* 4 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch . P a i r w i th ( 5 ) . A bove ( 3 ) .* 5 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch . P a i r w i th ( 4 ) . A bove ( 3 ) . 6 . P in . C oppe ra loy . L ef ts i d eo fc he s t .* 7 . B ead s . x 4 . G la s s ,t h r eaded o nt h in c oppe r a loy r i ng . 8 . B ead s . x 3 ,g l a s s . 9 . K n if e . 1 0 . I r on f ragmen t s . P robab ly i n c lud ing a t l e a s t 1k ey .

N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s S -N . G rave 0 . 68m d eep . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . L eg s c r o s sed . S t a tu r e 1 . 75m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . U nde rb a ckbone .* 2 . K n if e . A tr i gh te l bow . 3 . B e l t -p la t e s . x 3 , c oppe r a loy . 2 . 5cm s qua r e . A tl e f ts i de .* GRAVE 1 . A x i sS -N . G rave n ea r ly 0 . 92m d eep . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . S t a tu r e 1 . 83m . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . T ra ce s o f l e a the r a t tached . U nde rw a i s t . 2 3 . S t ud s . x 2 ,c oppe ra loy . T race so fl e a the r a t ta ched . F ound w i th ( 1 ) .* 4 . K n if e . A tl e f ts i de .

GRAVE 6 . A x i sS -N . G rave 2 . 44m l o ng . A du l t ," aw oman" . G rav eg ood s : 1 .B rooch . C oppe ra l loy s ma l l s qua r e -headed . R ing -and -do td eco ra t ion .* 2 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy s ma l l s qua r e -headed . R ing -and -do td eco ra t ion .* 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy d i sc d eco ra t ed w i th c oncen t r ic c i r c le s a nd t r iang le s . O n m idd le o f c he s t .* 4 . B race le t . C oppe ra l loy . A bove l e f tw r i s t .* 5 . P in . I r on , a t l e f t s hou lde r . W i th s p i ra l h ead . 6 . B uck l e . I r on . B e low 5 . 7 . S p ind le -who r l . L a rge ,b one? A tf o r ehead . 8 . S poon . P e rf o ra ted b ow l . B e tw een t h igh s , " ba ck u pwa rd s" .* 9 . C ry s ta l b a l l . P e rf o ra ted . U nde r b ow l o f s poon .* 1 0 . B ead s . x 40 . 3 9 s ma l l g l a s s , m o s t ly g r een a nd b l ue , 1l a rge a mbe r . 1 . C oppe r a l loy p la te . T r iangu la r , w ood r ema in sa t ta ched ,n ea r3 .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i sS -N . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .A rm l e t . C oppe ra loy , o nr i gh ta rm . 2 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy a nnu la r . N ea rw a i s t , w i th 3 . * 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy a nnu la r , z oomo rph ic d e s ign . N ea rw a i s t .* 4 . B e l t -p la te? R ec tangu la r , c oppe ra loy , w i th c l o i sonné g l a s ss e t t ing s .* A tr i gh ts i de . 5 . W ood a nd i r on f ragmen t s . r ema in s o fb ox? A tr i gh ts i de ,n ea r4 . 6 . K n if e . O nc he s t . GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s S -N . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . A ge a nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . S t a tu r e 1 . 47m . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s S -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t . N a i lo rp i n .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . C h i ld . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s S -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C ruc if o rm , c oppe r a loy . A t s i de o fn eck .* 2 . B rooch . C ruc if o rm , c oppe r a loy . A t o ppo s i t e s i de o fn eck t o 1 . A lmo s t i d en t ica l p a i rw i th 1 .

GRAVE 8 . A x i sS -N . G rave 0 . 9 1m d eep . A du l t ," appa r en t ly aw oman 's " . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 9 . A x i s S -N . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . 5 8cm o fl o o se c ha lk u nde rs k e le ton . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 3 . P in . C oppe r a l loy , ' l ong ' . A bove h ead i n d a rk s o i lp a tch . 4 . B ind ing C oppe r a l loy p l a te , e nc lo s ing w ood r ema in s , f a s tened w i th 2 r i ve t s . N ea r p i n . 5 . ' F er ru le ' . C oppe r a l loy . L . 1 3mm . N ea r d i sc . 6 . B e l t -p la te? R ec tangu la r , c oppe r a loy . G la s ss e t t ing s ,c oppe ra l loy ' p in ' . N ea rw a i s t .* 7 . D i sc . C oppe r a l loy , c i rcu la r , p e rf o ra ted . N ea rb e l t -p la te . 8 10 . R ing s . x 3 . I r on . O nl ef tf o rea rm . 1 . B ead s . x 35 . B e tween l e g s . 1 2 . K n if e . Wooden s hea th . C lo se t or i ng s .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s S -N . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . C opper a l loy b ow l . T o l ef t o f h ead , s u r rounded b yr ema in so f wood . 2 . B rooch . R ad ia te . A tn eck .* 3 . B rooch . R ad ia te . A tn eck . 4 . G o ld b ra id O nt op o fs ku l l .* 5 . R ing . I r on . N ea rw a i s t . 6 . K ey . I r on . Among s t wood r ema in s a r ound b ow l . 7 . B ead L a rge m e lon b ead . B rown . N ea r w a i s t .* 8 . B ead s . G la s s a nd d rawn g l a s s . A tn eck . 9 . K n if e . N ea rw a is t . 1 0 . S tud s . C oppe ra l loy . N ea rw a i s t . 1 . I r on f ragmen t s . N ea rw a is t .

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i sS -N . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton " much d i sp laced a nd mu t i la ted" . F l exed o n s i de , w i th k nee p o in ted f o rwa rd , a nd f oo t b ackwa rd . O n ly 1f oo t a nd f o re leg b one p r e sen t . T op o f s ku l l " s eve red f r om t h e h ead . . . ly ing i ne xac t ly r e ve r sed p o s i t ion" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy , s em ic i rcu la r h ead p l a te , t r iangu la r f oo t , r i ng -and -do t p unch m a rk s . A tl ef ts hou lde r .* 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy , a nnu la r , w i th r i ng a nd -do td eco ra t ion ,a tr i gh ts hou lde r .* 3 . B ead N ea rl ef th and .

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s S -N . No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy w i th s i lve r -g i l t . B uck le a nd r e c tangu la rp l a te .* 2 3 . P la te s . x 2 , c oppe r a l loy . P o s s ib ly f r om k n if eh and le . 4 . B ead s . x 20 . 1 6 a mbe r , 4p o lych rome g l a s s . A t l ef tw r is t . 5 . K n if e . A t l ef ts i de .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s S -N . S o i l o u t l ine o f c off in d own b o th s i de s a nd a th ead . " Le s s r ema rkab le i n s tance s i no t he rg rave s" . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy . A nnu la r . O n s hou lde r .* 2 . B rooch . C oppe r a l loy . A nnu la r . O n o ppo s i te s hou lde rt o( 1 ) . 3 . B ead s . ' A f ew ' . O nn eck . GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s S -N . G rave 1 . 02m d eep .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s S -N . G rave v e ry s ha l low . A du l t , " aw oman" . G rave g ood s : I .S p ind l e -whor l . B aked c l ay . A t l e f th i p . 2 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy w i th i r on p i n . O ppo sed h ead s , D shaped . R oman . N ea r m idd le .* 3 . O pen -work p la te . C oppe r a l loy , o pen -wo rk d e s ign o f d og a nd h a re . R oman . K n if e h and le?* 4 . B rooch . C ruc if orm , c oppe r a l loy . N ea r m idd le .*

G rave l owe r

d own h i l lt h an g ene ra lg roup . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s S -N . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S word B yl ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e . H a lf w ay u p s wo rd b l ade ; m ay h ave b een i nd oub le s hea th . 3 . S pea rhead B yr i gh ts hou lde r . 4 . S pea rf e r ru le . B y l ef t f oo t . W i th w ood t r ace s .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i sS -N . G rave 0 . 99m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 0 . A x i sS -N . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . C h i ld . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 5 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 1 0 . B rac tea t e . D type . ( Mack ep rang N o r th J u t land ! We s tS weden G roup I ) . * 1 . B ead s . x 58 . 4g l a s s , 7d r awn g l a s s c y l inde r s ,4 7a mbe r .* 1 2 . A rm le t . C oppe ra l loy . O nr i gh ta rm . 1 3 . C o in . R oman ,b ronze ,a tl e f ts i de . 1 4 . R ing . S p i ra l , s i lve r . B roken . O nh and . 1 5 . R ing . ' P la in ' , t h in s i lve r r i ng . O n o ppo s i t eh and t o1 4 . 1 6 . K n if e . N ea rK ey s . 1 7 . P la te . I r on , d i amond shaped , p e rf o ra t ed . L y ing a ga in s tl a rge s ti r on r i ng . 1 8 19 . R ing s . x 2 , i r on . N ea rk ey s . 2 0 -22 . K ey s . x 3 . I r on . O n l owe rt o r so .

A x i sS -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . C h i ld . S ke le ton " qu i te d ecay ed" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f ts i de . 2 . B ead s . x 2 . D rawn g l a s s c y l inde r s . N ea r h ead . 3 . P la t e . C oppe r a l loy . V e ry s ma l l . N ea r h ead . " C rumb led t od u s t " . GRAVE 2 6 . A x i sS -N . G rave v e ry s ha l low . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rh and s . 2 . R ing . I r on . N ea rh and s .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s S -N . Much b l ack s o i l o n l e f t s i de o f g r ave . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on . C oppe ra loy r i ng o nt o ngue . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i sW -E . G rave 0 . 66m d eep . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S t a tu re 1 . 52m . L eg s" def o rmed" . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . ' La rg e ' , o nc h e s t . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , r e c tangu la r l o op a nd f i xed p l a te . O nl ef tf o rea rm . 3 . P u r se -moun t . I r on ,h a lf o f . A c ro s sk n if e . 4 . P in o ra w l . I r on . N ea r3 . 5 .S pea rhead . A tl ef ts hou lde r .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s S -N . G rave 1 . 12m d eep . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . I r on ,n ea rl e f th and . 2 . B ead s . Ambe ra nd g l a s s . A tn eck . 3 . K ey s . F ragmen t s . N ea rl e f th and . 4 . K n if e . N ea rl e f th and .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy , c a s t o va l l o op . A t w a i s t . 2 . B ead s . Ambe ra nd g l a s s . A tn eck .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s S -N . O u t l ine o fc off in a sd a rk s o i l s t a in s . A du l t ," aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . Mo s t ly a mbe r ,u nde rl e f tk nee . 2 . R ing . I v o ry . A tl ef ts i de . 3 4 . C o in s . x 2 . R oman . O nc he s t . O ne w i th t e x t i le i mp r e s s ion . 5 . P la te . I r on , d i amond shaped , p e rf o ra ted . W i th 2 . 6 . K n if e . A tl e f ts i de . 7 . I r on f ragmen t s . A tl e f ts i de .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s S -N . G rave 2 . 74m l o ng . A r ea a bove 3 0cm a bove h ead c on ta ined d a rk s o i ls t a in . A du l t ," aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . R ad ia t e , s i lve r -g i l t . S p i ra l d eco ra t ion o nh ead ,s t ra igh tf o o t . N ea rw a i s t .* 2 . B rooch . P a i rw i th ( 1 ) . N ea rw a i s t .* 3 . B rooch . G a rne t in la id d i sc . S i lve r g i l t . A t n eck . ( Aven tc o rpu sn o .2 3 ,c l a s s2 . 1) .* 4 . B rooch . G a rne t in la id d i sc . S i lve r -g i l t . A t n eck . ( Aven tc o rpu sn o .2 4 ,c l a s s2 . 1) .* 5 . G o ld b ra id O nh ead .* 6 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy . R ec tangu la r l o op , s h ie ld -on tongue . L inea r d eco ra t ion . W i th l e a the rf r agmen t s . U nde rw a i s t .* 7 . B rac tea t e . B type . D anc ing h uman f i gu r e . ( Ma ckep rang F unen -Sou th J u t land G roup ) .* 8 . B rac t ea t e . D type . ( Mack ep rang J u t land G roup I ,i s tt y pe ) .* 9 . B rac tea te . D type . ( Mackep rang J u t land G roup I ,i s tt y pe ) .*

GRAVE 3 . A x i s S -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . ' F ew ' , a tn eck . 1o f b r igh t b l ue g l a s s . GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s S -N . G rave I .2 . 39m ,d .0 . 96m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ind ing . C oppe ra loy . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . A tw a i s t .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . 1 . S wo rd R ing swo rd . S i lve r p omme l w i th s i lve r r i ng a t ta ched . S wa s t ika m o t if o n p omme l . A tl e f ts i de o fb ody .* 2 4 . B e l t -p la te s . x 3 , r e c tangu la r , s i lve r -g i l t . N ie l lo d eco ra t ion , S wa s t ika d e s ign . A l l w i th l e a the rr ema in sa t ta ched . N ea rs wo rd .* 5 6 . B e l t -p la te s . x 2 , f o lded , s qua r e , s i lve r -g i l t . L ea the rr ema in sa t ta ched . N ea rs wo rd .* 7 . B e l t -moun t . S i lve r , p e rf o ra t ed . B e tween k nee s .* 8 . B uck l e . S i lve rr e c tangu la rl o op o n ly .* 9 . B uck l e . Wh i te m e ta l , s h ie ld -on tongue . B e tween k nee s .* 1 0 13 . R ive t s . x 4 . C oppe r a loy . S hoe s h aped . B e tween k nee s .* 1 4 . B uck le . I r on . A tf e e t .* 1 5 . K n if e . A tf e e t . 1 6 17 . N a i l s . x 2 , i r on , a tf e e t .* 1 8 . S h i e ld -bo s s . W i th l o ng g r ip . O n l e f t , c l o se t os wo rd . 1 9 . S pea rhead . N ea rl e f ts hou lde r . 2 0 . P la te f ragmen t s . x 2 . S i lve r . B e tw een k nee s .* 2 1 . K n if e . A tf e e t .

3 . K n if e . S hor t . O nc he s t . 4 . S pea rhead . T ol e f ts i de o fc he s t . 5 . S h ie ld -bo s s . T o l e f t s i de o fc he s t , p o in t ing u pwa rd s . L ong g r ip , p a ra l le lt ob ody . 6 . B e l t -p la t e? C oppe r a loy , r e c tangu la r . G la s ss e t t ing s . N ea rs h ie ld . GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 2 . R ive t s . x 2 . C oppe r a loy , s hoe shaped . R ing -and -do t d eco ra t ion , c oppe r a loy p i n s . B yr i gh tl e g .* 3 . K n if e . N ea rw a i s t . 4 . B ead s . x 2 . Ambe r . N ea rw a i s ta nd h ead . 5 .I r on f ragmen t . N ea rw a i s t . GRAVE 3 6 . A x i sS -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead G la s s . A tn eck . GRAVE 3 7 . A x i sS -N . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . B one s " en t i r e ly d ecayed " . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . N ea rw a i s t . 2 . K n if e . N ea rw a i s t . 3 .S h i e ld -bo s s . O nl ef ts i de . 4 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . C oppe ra loy s t ud s . 5 .S pea rf e r ru l e . N ea rf e e t . 6 . S pea rhead A tr i gh tc heek . 7 . R ing . I r on . ' Th in ' ,n ea rw r i s t . 8 .R ing . I r on . O nt o po fh ead . 9 . W ood r ema in s . L igh t b rown s t r ip , d own l e f ts i de o fg r ave .

GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s S -N . G rave s ma l l . P robab le a du l t ; g r ave " appa ren t ly n o t a c h i ld 's" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe r a loy c a s t o va l l o op . N ea r w a i s t . 2 . S t rap -end s . x 2 , c oppe ra loy . N ea rw a i s t .* 3 . S t ud s . x 2 . C oppe ra loy . W i th b uck le n ea r w a i s t . 4 . K n if e . O nc he s t . 5 . I r on o b jec t s . O nc he s t . GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s S -N . G rave c a r ef u l ly a nd r e gu la r ly d ug . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . S i lve rw i th i n la id g a rne t s .* 2 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . S i lve rw i th i n la id g a rne t s . 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra loy b i rd b rooch . N ea r 1 a nd 2 . * 4 . B rooch . S cand inav ian s i lve r r e l ief b r ooch w i th s qua r e h ead , d i sc -on -bow , a nd S t y le I or namen t . O nc he s t , ' t owa rd st h er i gh t ' .* 5 . G la s sv e s se l . B yh ead .* 6 . R ing . S i lve rs p i ra l , o nl ef tf i ng e r . 7 . F e r ru l e . C oppe ra loy . 8 .D i sc . P o l i shed b l a ck s t one . A tf e e t . 9 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy , s h ie ld -on tongu e .* 1 0 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy , s hoe shaped .* 1 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i sS -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t , " a w oman , b u t b one s a lmo s t d ecayed a way " . G rav eg ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . W i th 2c oppe ra loy r i ve t s . U nde rw a i s t . 2 . B ead s . ' Af ew ' . A tn eck . 3 . W ood r ema in s . T ra ce s d own l e f t s i de o f g r ave . GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s :

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 1 2 . K n if e . B yl e f ts i de . 1 3 . K ey . I r on . B yl ef ts i de . 1 4 15 . R ing s . x 2 , i r on . B yl e f ts i de . 1 6 19 . C o in s . x 4 . R oman ,b r onz e . 2 0 . B ead s . G la s s , d rawn g l a s s a nd a mbe r . A t f e e ta nd h ead . 2 1 . B uck le . I r on w i th c opp e r a loy f e r ru le o n t o ngue . N ea rr i ng s . 2 2 . C ha in l i nk s . L ink s o fc oppe r a loy c ha in . A th ead . 2 3 . G o ld b ra id . A th ead . 2 4 . G la s sf ragmen t . G r een .

GRAVE 4 3 . A x i sS -N . G rave 1 . 22m w ide ,0 . 9 1m d eep . 2s k e le ton s , l y ing s i de b ys i de . 4 3A : O nr i gh ts i de o fg r ave . G rave g ood s: I . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e . A c ro s sw a i s t .* 2 3 . B e l t -p la t e s . C oppe r a l loy , r e c tangu la r w i th 4r i ve t s . A c ro s sw a i s t .* 4 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . 5 .S pea rhead A tr i gh ts hou lde r . 6 . S pea rhead A tr i gh ts hou lde r . 7 . S pea rf e r ru l e . A tr i gh tf o o t . 8 . K n if e . L y ing c r o s sway s o n s t oma ch . P o s s ib ly t o ge the ri no ne s h ea th w i th 9 . 9 . K n if e . L y ing c r o s sway so ns t oma ch . 4 3B : O n l e f ts i de o fg r ave . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i sS -N . G rave 1 .2 . 13m ,d .0 . 9 1m . C a r ef u l ly a nd r e gu la r ly d ug . V e ry c l o se t og r ave 4 1 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed . S i lve r w i th i n la id g a rne t s . I d en t ica l p a i r w i th 2 . F ound n ea r w a i s t .* 2 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed . S i lve r w i th i n la id g a rne t s . I d en t ica l p a i r w i th 1 . F ound n ea r w a i s t . 3 . B rooch . F rank i sh d i sc b r ooch . I r on . S e t w i th 1 2 r a d ia t ing t r iangu la r g a rne t c e l l s . F ound a mong s tb ead s .* 4 . B rooch . F rank i sh d i sc b rooch . C oppe r a loy . S e tw i th 9g a rne tc e l l s . F ound a mong s t b ead s .* 5 . R ing . S i lve r -g i l t f i ng e r r i ng s e t w i th o va l g em s tone . O nf i ng e ro fr i gh th and .* 6 . R ing . S i lve r f i nge r r i ng . O n f i nge r o fl e f t h and . 7 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . S h ie ld -on tongue . N ea rw a i s t .* 8 .S t ud s . x 2 . C oppe ra l loy . N ea rw a i s t . 9 . S poon . S i lve r -g i l t p e rf o ra t ed s poon , w i th g a rne ts e t t ing s ,a nd n i e l lo i n lay a l ong h and le .* 1 0 . C ry s ta l b a l l . W i th s i lve r s u spen s ion f i t t ing s . F ound c l o se t os poon .* 1 . C oun te r . G r een ' p o r ce la in ' . B rok en . N ea ri r on f r agmen t s . 1 2 . C o in . R oman ,b ronz e . 1 3 . I r on d i amond P e rf o ra t ed . 1 4 . P la te . Sma l l , c i r cu la r , p e r f o ra t ed c oppe r a loy p l a te . 1 5 . R ing . I r on . 1 6 . I r on b o s s . 1 7 . B ead s . G la s s a nd a mbe r . U p c he s t t o n eck . 1 8 . I v ory f ragmen t s . B yr i gh tf o o t . 1 9 . K n if e . A tl e f ts i de . 2 0 . K n if e . A tl e f ts i de . 2 1 . K ey . I r on . A tl e f ts i de . 2 2 . B uck le . I r on . A tl e f ts i de . 2 3 . I r on f ragmen t s . A tl e f ts i de .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s S -N . G rave v e ry s h a l low . C h i ld . S ke le ton d ecayed . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . ' Af ew ' . N ea rn eck . GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s S -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . " Ay oung w oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . B i rd b rooch . A tn eck . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . B o t t le . A tl e f tk nee . 3 . B ead s . O nc he s tu pt on eck . 4 . N a i l . I r on . A tr i gh tk nee . GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s S -N . G rave s ha l low . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . " Hug e ly t h ick b one s a nd j o in t s" ( d e sc r ibed a s ad wa r f ) . S t a tu re 1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . A tw a i s t . GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on . A tw a i s t . GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s S -N . G rave v e ry s h a l low . C u t g r av e 4 9 , a nd p o s s ib le t h a t d i gg ing t h en s t opped a nd g r ave n ev e ru s ed . N ob one sp r e sen t . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 4 9 . G rave " a skew" . 0 . 76m d eep . B e tween g r ave s 4 7a nd 4 8 ,h ead o fg r ave c u tb yg r ave 4 8 .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . GRAVE 5 7 . G rave " dug a skew" . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . U nde rb ackbone .

N ob one sp re sen t . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 5 0 . A x i sS -N . G rave s ma l l . " Ay oung w oman" . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s E - W? S i tua ted c l o se a bove g r ave 5 7 . N o d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B y l ef tt h igh .

GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s S -N . C of in r ema in s ; w h i te -b rown w ood r ema in s a l ong l ef t s i de o f b ody , b l ack w ood a l ong r i gh ts i de . S ex a nd a ge n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton f l exed o nr i gh ts i de ,k nee sb en t . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . B i rd b rooch ,a tn eck . 2 . B rooch . B i rd b rooch , a tn eck . 3 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . A tw a i s t . 4 . B rooch . S qua re -headed . A tw a i s t . 5 . O b jec t . C oppe ra l loy ,t w i s ted r od . 6 . S poon . S i lve r , w i th s i lve r s u spen s ion r i ng .

GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s S -N . N ex tb e low g rave 5 6 . N o d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 6 0 . G rave " a skew" , n ea rg rave 5 8 . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rl ef tt h igh . 2 . R ing . N ea r l ef tt h igh .

Two s i lve r i mp lemen t s o n s ame r i ng . B e tween k nee s . 7 . C ry s ta l b a l l . S i lve r s u spen s ion b and s . C lo se t o( 1 ) , b u to u t s ide l ef tl e g . 8 . K n if e . R igh th i p . 9 . B ead s . O nc he s ta nd u pt on eck . 1 0 . G o ld b ra id . O nh ead .

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i s S -N . D eep , l a rge g rave . N o d e ta i l s o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on . N ea rw a is t . 2 . B ead s . A tn eck . 3 . K n if e . A t l ef tt h igh .

GRAVE 5 2 . A x i s S -N . G rave s ma l l . T race s o fb l ack w ood o nr i gh t . N od e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S t rap -end . W i th l e a the rr ema in s .

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s S -N . G rave l a rge a nd d eep . A du l t ," am an" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S word . R ing swo rd . S i lve r c ock ed -ha t p omme lw i th n i e l lo d eco ra t ion . A tl ef ts i de .* 2 . K n if e . A c ro s s c he s t .

GRAVE 5 3 . A x i sS -N . G rave l a rge , 1 . 07m d eep . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ucke t . Sma l l , c oppe r a l loy h oop s a nd i r on h and le . A tr i gh tf oo t .* 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . A tw a i s t .* 3 . P la te s . I r on , r e c tangu la r . A tw a i s t .* 4 . R ing . I r on . A tw a i s t .* 5 . B rooch . G rea t s qua re -headed . S i lve r .

GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s S -N . G rave n a r row , s ma l l a nd s ha l low . S i tua ted n ea rt h eb o t tom o f al i ne o fg r ave s . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 5 5 . A x i sE - W? G rave s ma l l . C h i ld .

F ragmen ta ry . O n l owe rt o r so .* 6 . B rac tea te . D type . Go ld ( Mackep rang J u t land G roup 12 nd t y pe ) .* 7 . B ead s . x 60 . 1 2 g l a s s , 4 8 a mbe r . U p c he s t

No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s S -N . G rave s ha l low .

S i tua ted b e low

t on eck .* 8 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B lack . A t l ef tf oo t .

g rave 5 4 . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 4 .

2 90

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . A x i sS -N . G rave 1 . 12m d eep . 2s k e le ton s ,o na bove t h eo t he r . 6 4A : U ppe rb u r ia l . N od e ta i l sr e co rded . N og r av eg ood s . 6 4B : L owe rb u r ia l . No d e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh s qua r e -headed . S i lve r . ( L e igh S e r ie sI ) . A tw a i s t .* 2 . B rooch . K en t i sh s qua r e -headed . S i lve r . ( L e igh S e r ie sI ) . A tw a i s t .* 3 . B rooch . S i lve r K en t i sh d i sc b rooch ( Aven t c o rpu sn o .2 2 ,c l a s s2 . 1) .* 4 . C ry s ta l b a l l . W i th s i lve r s u spen s ion f i t t ing s . N ea rf e e t .* 5 . C oppe r a l loy c ha in . W i th i r on a ta chmen t l i nk s . A t ta ched t oh i l to fk n if e . B yl e f tt h igh .* 6 . B rac tea te . G o ld . D type . Among s t t h e m idd le b ead s . ( Mackep rang d egene ra te N o r th J u t land - We s tS weden G roup I ) . * 7 .B ead s . U pc he s t . L a rge rb ead sa mong s tt h e l ow e ro ne s .* 8 .R ing s . Among s tt h eu ppe rb ead s . 9 .I r on f ragmen t s . A round w a i s t . 1 0 . G o ld b ra id . O nh ead . 1 . K n if e . B yl e f tt h igh .

A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead . O ve r s ku l l , s l op ing u pwa rd s t o h ead o fg r ave . GRAVE 7 0 . A x i s S -N . G rave " w e l l m ade" . Wh i t e a nd b l ack w ood r ema in s s ugg e s t c of in . I n l i ne a bove g r ave 7 1 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , c a s t o va l l o op . A t w a i s t . 2 . A rm le t . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . K n if e . B e tween t h igh s . 4 . K n if e . B e tween t h igh s . 5 . B ead s . A tn eck . 6 . G la s s ' l ump ' . GRAVE 7 1 . A x i s S -N . G rave " even a nd r e gu la r " . I nl i ne b e tween g r ave s7 0a nd 7 2 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . C oppe ra l loy , c i rcu la r . 2 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy ,c i r cu la r . 3 . B ead s . x 6 . A tn eck . 4 . C oppe r a l loy c ha in . U p c he s t t o n eck . L ink ing b rooche s 1a nd 2a te a ch e nd . 5 . ' Ob jec t ' . C oppe ra loy , l o ng , h ang ing f r om e nd o fc ha in . 6 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . A tw a i s t . 7 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . B e tween l e g s .

GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . S i lve r , ' sma l l ' . N ea rm idd le . 2 .S pea rhead A tr i gh to fs ku l l . 3 . W ood r ema in s . F rom s p ea rs h af t ? 4 . K n if e . B yl e f th and . 5 .S pea rf e r ru l e . A tl e f tf o o t .

GRAVE 7 2 . A x i s S -N . I nl i ne b e low g r ave 7 1 . A du l tm a le . S t a tu r ec .1 . 90m . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . A t r i gh t s i de , s t and ing v e r t ica l ly . 2 . S wo rd . A tl e f ts i de ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t . 3 . S pea rf e r ru l e . C lo se t op o in to fs wo rd . 4 . S pea rhead C lo se t oh i l t o fs wo rd , b y l e f t c heek . 5 . K n if e . O ns t omach .

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i sS -N . G rave " deep ,w e l lm ade" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead A tl e f ts hou lde r . 2 . K n if e . A tl e f ts i de . GRAVE 6 7 . A x i sS -N . G rave s ma l l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 7 3 . A x i s S -N . G rave " good" . I n l i ne w i th g r ave s 7 0 -72 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 3 4 . B e l t -p la te s . C oppe ra loy , r e c tangu la r . 5 . S pea rf e r ru l e . A tl e f tf o o t . 6 . S pea rhead A tl ef tc heek .

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i sS -N . G rave s ha l low . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rm idd le . 2 .S pea rhead A tr i gh ts hou lde r . GRAVE 6 9 .

2 9 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 7 . K n if e . ' La rge ' . A tr i gh th and . 8 .K n if e . I ns i ng le s h ea th w i th 9 . 9 . K n if e . N ea rl ef th and .

5 . B rooch . A tw a i s t . T hu r ing ian s ma l l long . 6 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t . A tl e f te l bow /wa i s t . 7 . K n if e . U nde rw a i s t . 8 . O b jec t? D e sc r ibed a s a" c lub " . L . 1 . 68m? O nr i gh ts i de o fb ody , a pex n ea rr i gh ts hou lde r .

GRAVE 7 4 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I .B uck le . C oppe ra loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . 2 3 . R ive t s . x 2 , s hoe shaped . C oppe ra loy . 4 5 . S t rap -end s . x 2 . C oppe ra l loy . 6 8 .K ey s . x 2 , p l u s c oppe r a loy i mp lemen t . S u spended t o ge the ro nr i ng . 9 . B race l e t . C oppe ra l loy s l id ing l o op . 1 0 . H one? 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 2 ,c l a s s 1 . 1) . A tn eck .* 1 2 . B ead s . U pr i gh ta nd c en t r eo fc he s t . 1 3 . I r on c ha in . P i ece o f .

GRAVE 7 8 . A x i s S -N . G rave " l owe r d own l i ne , n ex t b u t o ne t og r ave 7 7" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . I r on p iece . C u rved . GRAVE 7 9 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rw a i s t . 2 . S pea rhead O n r i gh t s i de , r ema in s o fs haf t p r e sen t . 3 . B uck l e . I r on ,s ma l l . N ea r( 4 ) . 4 . S ub s tance . " So l id b l a ck m a t t e r o fc u r iou s a ppea rance" .

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .R ing . S i lve rs p i ra lr i ng ,o n l e f th and . 2 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . 4 5 . R i ve t s . x 2 , c oppe ra loy , s hoe shaped . 6 . C hape . T ip o fs hea th , p e rhap s f o r s h ea r s . C oppe ra loy . 7 .S hea r s . I r on . A tf e e t . 8 . C omb . A tf e e t . 9 . F e r ru l e . C oppe ra l loy . 1 0 . B ead s . ' A f ew ' . O n l e f th and . 1 . P in . I r on . 1 2 . K ey s . E nd so f .

GRAVE 8 0 . A x i s S -N . G rave " nea r m idd le o f l i ne , n ex t b e low g r ave 7 9" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . N ea rw a i s t . 2 3 . R i ve t s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy , s h o e shaped . N ea rw a i s t . 4 . K n if e . N ea rw a i s t . GRAVE 8 1 . A x i sS -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . C h i ld . B one s" nea r ly d ecayed" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .C oppe ra l loy p i ece . D oub led o ve r . 2 . B rooch . B roken ( o ld b r eak ) . Sma l l r a d ia t e h eaded . A tw a i s t . 3 . R ing s . x 2 . I r on . 4 . S hea r s . I r on . B roken . 5 . K n if e . 6 . B ead s . x 2 . A tn eck .

GRAVE 8 2 . A x i s S -N . G rave n ex ta bove g r ave 8 1 . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . S ku l l t o r i gh t , b o th h and s" he ld u pt of a ce" . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s S -N . G rave r ough ly c i r cu la r , I .2 . 54m , w . 2 . 29m . " Deep i nc en t r e" . 5s k e le ton s? G rave g ood s : 1 .B one . J agged p i ece o fb one , n ea rm idd le o f g r ave .

GRAVE 7 7 . A x i sS -N . G rave n ea rb o t tom o fl i ne . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . A t l e f te l bow /wa i s t . T ongu e w i th t h ickened b a se . 2 3 . S t rap -end s . x 2 . A tl ef te l bow /wa i s t . 4 . B rooch . A t l e f t e l bow . T hu r ing ian s ma l l l o ng .

GRAVE 8 4 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded .

2 92

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . N ea rl ef tw a i s t . C oppe ra loy , w i th o va lp l a te . 2 . K n if e . N ea rm idd le . 3 . I r on o b jec t . ' Long ' . O nr i gh ts i de . 4 . B ead s . O nc he s ta nd n eck . 5 .S eed s? B la ck ,a th ead .

GRAVE 9 0 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . P i ece o f . 2 . T ag s . C oppe ra loy . GRAVE 9 1 . A x i sS -N . G rave n ea rb o t tom o fs l ope . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . O n s i de , f a c ing d own s lope . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O nl e f t ,n ea rc he s t . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . O nl e f t ,n ea rc he s t . 3 . S tud s . x 8 . O nl e f t ,n ea rc he s t . 4 . L ea the rf ragmen t s . O n l e f tn ea rc he s t . 5 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . A tr i gh to fc he s t . 6 . R ive t s . x 2 . C oppe ra loy . W i th ( 5 ) . 7 . S ub s tance . B la ck m a t t e rt or i gh to fh ead .

GRAVE 8 5 . A x i s S -N . G rav e" deep a nd w e l lm ade" . N ea r t o po fl i ne . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra loy , w i th b i rd 's h ead d e s ign . N ea rn eck . 2 3 . R ing s . x 2 . Sma l l . N ea rn eck . 4 5 . R ing s . x 2 . C oppe ra l loy . N ea rw a i s t . 6 . I r on f ragmen t s . Ma s s o fs ma l l p i ece s , n ea r w a i s t . 7 . B ead s . Many ,n ea rn eck .

GRAVE 9 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . D rawn g l a s s , a mbe r , 1p o ly ch rome g l a s s . 2 . R ing . S p i ra lf i nge rr i ng . 3 . S t ud ? C i rcu la rc oppe ra loy . 4 . B rooch . W i th a n th ropomo rph ic d e s ign . S qua re -headed . 5 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy , c a s to va ll o op . 6 8 . R ive t s . x 3 , c oppe ra loy s hoe shaped . 9 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . 1 0 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc .

GRAVE 8 6 . A x i s S -N . No d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , s h ie ld -on tongue . U nde rw a i s t . 2 4 . R ive t s . x 3 . C oppe r a loy , s hoe shaped . U nde rw a i s t . 5 .K n if e . U nde rw a i s t . 6 . R ing . I vo ry . F ragmen t . U nde rw a i s t . GRAVE 8 7 . A x i s S -N . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . I r on . A tw a i s t . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . P o s s ib ly o fr i ng . O n l e f t a rm .

2 06 . R amsqa te I ,Wes tC l if f . I .F ound c .1 878 . GRAVE 1 . G rave m ay h av ec on ta ined ac of in . A du l t , p r obab ly m a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . L a rge . P robab ly c of i nn a i l s . 2 . H o r se ' sh ead .

GRAVE 8 . A x i sS -N . G rave v e ry d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . B roken . A tr i gh ts hou lde r . 2 . K n if e . 3 .I r on f ragmen t .

2 07 . R amsga te I ,S ta t ion App roach .

GRAVE 8 9 . A x i sS -N . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s e xn o td e t e rm ined . S ku l lr o l led b ack , r i gh tl e gf l exed . G rave g ood s( a l la ts hou lde r so ru ppe rc he s t ) : 1 .B rooch . C oppe ra l loy ,s qua re -headed . 2 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy ,s qua r e -headed . 3 . P in . C oppe ra loy . 4 . P in . C oppe ra loy .

I . F ound S ep tember 1 932 , d ur ing d igg ing o fc ab le t r ench . GRAVE 1 . A x i s NW -SE . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . P robab le a du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . P o r t ion o f s ku l l a nd a rm sm i s s ing . G rave g ood s :

2 93

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 5 . S eax . D iagona l ly a c ro s s p e lv i s , p o in t t o l e f t .* 6 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le v a se . A t l e f t s hou lde r , l y ing o n s i de w i th m ou th t owa rd ss k e le ton .*

1 .K n if e . Sma l l . 2 . G la s sf ragmen t . N ow l o s t .

2 08 . R amsqa te H I . I .F ound p re -1931 .

GRAVE C . G rave w ide . T r ip le i n huma t ion . C a : A du l t m a le . B e s ide C b , s ku l l i n c l ined t o f a ce C b . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L y ing b e tween s ku l l s o f C a a nd b . C b : A du l tf ema le . B e s ide C a ,s ku l lf a c ing C a . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . Ambe r . A round n eck . 2 . P in . ' Long ' . C c : C h i ld ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . Ambe r . A round n eck . 2 . K n if e . B ys i de . ' Sma l l ' .

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l tf ema le ,a ged c .3 5y ea r s . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Sma l l , b l a ck f a b r ic . L owe r p a r tc oa t ed w i th s oo t . GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ,a g ed 3 5 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry s he rd s . x 4 . GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . I n f an t ,s e xn o td e t e rm ined ,a ged 6 7m on th s . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE D . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . D oub le i n huma t ion . D a : A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . F r ank i sh r o se t te b rooch . S i lv e r g i l t , w i th 2 1 s e t t ing s f o r g a rne t s . O n c en t r e o f b r ea s t .* D b : N od e ta i l sr e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . I n f an t , s e xn o td e te rm ined ,a g ed 6 7m on th s . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

2 09 . R amsqa te I V , Ozenqe l l . I . D i scovered w orker s , 1 845 .

b y

r a i lway

( GRAVE E . ) G rave ' r a the rl a rge ' . D oub le o rt r ip le i n huma t ion . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton sr e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE A . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd 2 . S pea r . 3 . K n if e . 4 . K n if e . 5 . C oppe ra l loy b ow l .

I .

I I .

D i scovered 1 846 .

GRAVE F . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S ea r . L eng th 4 2cm . Wooden h and le . 2 . K n if e . A tw a i s t . 3 . S pea rhead 4 . S h ie ld -bo s s .

E xcava ted b yR o lf e , 1 845 .

GRAVE B . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t , s e xn o td e t e rm ined . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O nc he s t ,a pex u pwa rd s .* 2 . S pea rhead T o r i gh t o f s ku l l . A ngu la r b l ad e .* 3 . S pea rf e r ru l e . N ea rr i gh t f o o t . L eng th o f s p ea ra bou t 1 . 83m .* 4 . K n if e . A tl e f th i p ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t .*

I V . D i scovered May 1 966 .

i n

P ipe

t r ench ,

GRAVE I . A x i s W -E . S een i n s e c t ion i n p i pe t r en ch . W id th 1 . 12m . F i l lo fc ha lk r ubb le a nd s o i l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded .

2 94

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . A ngu la rs t ra igh t s ided b l ade .*

1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th i r on ' s p ik e ' . B enea th l e f tf o r ea rm . 2 3 . B ead s . x 2 , a tt h roa t . 1b l ue , 1g r een , g l a s s . 4 . S t ap l e s . I r on , x 3 . Wood a t ta ched . R igh t r i bc ag e . 5 . K n if e . B enea th l e f tf o rea rm .

( GRAVE I . ) A x i s W -E . S een i n s e c t ion i n p i pe t r ench . W id th 0 . 76m . F i l lo fc ha lk r u bb le a nd s o i l . A du l tm a le ,a g ed b e tween 3 5 -45 y ea r s . S t a tu r e 1 . 8 15m . S ku l la nd l o ng b one s . G rave g ood s : 1 . W ea v ing b a t t en . A s soc ia t ion d oub tf u l .* 2 . R ing f ragmen t . F ragmen t o f i v o ry r i ng w i th c oppe r a loy b i nd ing . A s soc ia t ion d oub tf u l .*

GRAVE 2 . A x i s 1 00 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 26m , w . 0 . 82m , d . 0 . 64m . G rave c u t i n to i n ne rf a ce o fP r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . C h i ld ,a ged a bou t 6mon th s . T ee th o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . F ragmen t so f .

GRAVE I I . A x i s W -E . S een i n s e c t ion i n p i pe t r en ch . W id th 0 . 69m . F i l lo fc ha lk r ubb le a nd s o i l . A du l tm a le . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I .S pea rhead A ngu la rb l aded . S wan ton t y pe H 3 .*

GRAVE 3 . A x i s 1 04 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 1m ,w . 0 . 57m , d .0 . 4 1m . C u t i n to P r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . A n ima l t o o th i nf i l l . C h i ld , f ema le , a ged a bou t 5y ea r s . F l exed o n r i gh ts i de . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE I V . A x i s W -E . S een i n s e c t ion i n p i pe t r ench . W id th 0 . 69m . F i l lo fc ha lk r u bb le a nd s o i l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s 16 ° . G rave I .2 . 3m , w . 0 . 83m , d .0 . 56m . C u t i n to f l oo r o f P r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . G rave l i ned w i th s and s tone s l ab s a th ead a nd f o o t . S l o tc u ti n to f l oo ro fg r ave . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE V . A x i s W -E . S een i n s e c t ion i n p i pe t r ench . W id th 0 . 69m . F i l lo fc ha lk r ubb le a nd s o i l . N od e t a i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s 7 7 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 8m , d .0 . 55m . F ou r c o rne r p o s t s o cke t s , c on ta in ing w ood r ema in s , a nd s l o t c u t i n to f l oo r . G rave d i s tu rbed . A du l tf ema le . B one sd i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . B lue g l a s s . F ound i ng r ave f i l l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE V I . A x i s W -E . S een i n s e c t ion i n p i pe t r ench . W id th 0 . 76m . F i l lo fc ha lk r u bb le a nd s o i l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE V I I . A x i s W -E . S een i ns e c t ion i np i pe t r ench . F i l l o fc ha lk r ubb le a nd s o i l . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

V . E xcava ted b y t he A rchaeo log ica l Un i t , 1 977 . P erk in s .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s 9 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 05m , w . 1 . 05m , d .. 7 5m . D i s tu rbed . A du l tf ema le ,a ged a bou t2 2y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead B one . I nf i l l . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on . I nf i l l .

T hane t D .R .J .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s9 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 4 1m ,w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 85m . S and s tone s l ab s l i n ing h ead , f o o t a nd s ou th s i de o fg r ave . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 3 0 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 7 . A x i s 9 8 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 4m , w . 1 . 15m , d .0 . 8m . S and s tone s l ab s i n f i l l . G rav e d i s tu rbed , p robab ly i na n t iqu i ty . A du l tm a le ,a g ed a bou t2 3 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A tl e f tf o r e -a rm .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 2 . 3 .

B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . I nf i l l . S t rapp ing . I r on . I nf i l l .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s 8 8° . G rave 1 .2 . 08m , w . 0 . 71m , d .0 . 55m . F oo to fg rave c u tb y moder nc ab le t r ench . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 4 5 y ea r s . B one s d i s tu rbed , i nt wo h eap s . N og rave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s 7 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 1m , w . 0 . 85m , d .0 . 54m . S he lf c u ti nf l oo ra th ead o fg rave . C of in . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 3 0 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . Whe t s tone . A th ead o fg rave . 2 . N a i l s? I r on ,x 2 . A th ead o fg rave . 3 . K n if e . R igh to fs ku l l . 4 . F ragmen t . I r on , b ack o fs ku l l . 5 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy a nd i r on . Wa i s t . 6 . K n if e . A tw a i s t . 7 . T weeze r s . C oppe r a l loy . U nde r l e f t f o rea rm . 8 . K ey . I r on . U nde r l ef tf o rea rm . 9 . F ragmen t s . I r on , u nde rl ef tf o rea rm .

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s 1 07° . G rave I .1 . 85m , w . 0 . 8m , d .0 . 72m . D oub le i n huma t ion . B u r ia l o fc h i ld i n se r ted i n u ppe rf i l l . 1 3A ( P r ima ry ) : Adu l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 4 5 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . No g rave g ood s . 1 3B ( Seconda ry ) : C h i ld , a ged a bou t 6y ea r s . F ragmen ta ry r ema in s o n ly . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s 1 00° . G rave 1 .2m , w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 65m . L edge a tf oo to fg rave . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 3 5 -40 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . B one . A tn eck . 2 . K n if e . R igh tw a i s t . 3 . F ragmen t s . I r on , p robab ly f r om b uck le . C en t re w a i s t .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s 6 2° . G rave I .2 . 3m , w . 1 . 25m , d .0 . 8m . S and s tone s l ab s i n f i l l . G rave d i s tu rbed , p robab ly i na n t iqu i ty . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 2 3 -5 y ea r s . B one s s ca t te red i nf i l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . G i rd le -hange r . I r on , f r agmen t so f . I nf i l l . 2 . P o ts he rd G ra s s tempe red . I nf i l l .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s 9 4 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 38m , w . 0 . 55m , d .0 . 52m .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s 10° . G rave 1 .2 . 45m , w . 1 . 9 1m , d . 0 . 95m . Two p a ra l le l s l o t s a c ro s s f l oo r o f g rave , p o s s ib ly r ope -way s? T race s o f c off in . We s te rn t wo th i rd so fg rave d i s tu rbed . J uven i le ma le , a ged a bou t 1 5 16 y ea r s . B one f r agmen t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . F ragmen t s . D i s tu rbed i nf i l l . 2 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , s ma l l , d i s tu rbed i n f i l l . 3 . F i t t ing s? x 5 , c oppe r a l loy . C up o r b ox f i t t ing s? D i s tu rbed i nf i l l . 4 -6 .S tud s . x 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . 2i r on , 1 c oppe ra l loy . 7 . K n if e . I nf i l l .

N o s ke le ta l m a te r ia l s u rv ived . L eng th o fg r ave s ugge s t sc h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rf er ru le . NW c orne ro fg r ave . 2 . K n if e . M idd le o fg rave . GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s 1 03° . G rave 1 .3 . 03m , w . 1 . 06m , d .1 . 2m . L a rge , w e l l c u t g rave . R ec tangu la r s l o t s u r round ing g rave , h o ld ing s and s tone s l ab s o n e dge . D i s tu rbed , w i th s e conda ry b u r ia l i n ser ted . C off in w i th s e conda ry b u r ia l , 2m b y 0 . 65m . 1 6A ( P r ima ry ) : F ragmen t so fb one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . L ock -p la te . I r on , d i s tu rbed i nf i l l . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on a nd c oppe r a loy w i re . I nf i l l . 1 6B ( Seconda ry ) : A du l t m a le . S up ine , l e g s f l exed s l igh t ly t or i gh t . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s 9 7° . G rave 1 .2 . 72m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 0 1m . G rave d i s tu rbed . N os ke le ta lr ema in s . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead T owa rd sw e s te nd . 2 . Gam ing p iece s? x 11 , m ade f r om h o r se s t e e th . 3 . S h ie ld -g r ip . 4 . R ive t . I r on . 5 . R ive t . I r on .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s 6 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 08m , w . 0 . 87m , d .0 . 75m . R ec tangu la r s l o t c u t i n to f l oo r o f g rave .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 5 .

C of f in . We s th a lf o fg r ave d i s tu rbed , p r obab ly i na n t iqu i ty . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine ,u ppe rh a lf o fs k e le ton d i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rr i gh tw a i s t . B en ta tr i gh ta ng le .

P o ts he rd G ra s st empe r ed .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i s 5 6 ° . G rave I .2 . 28m , w . 0 . 96m , d .0 . 8m . S he lf a r ound a l s i de s , w i th 4 s ha l low b eam s l o t so rp o s t -ho le s . D i s tu rbed . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 2 5 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . C he s t . 2 . B ead P o lych rome g l a s s . C he s t . 3 . B ead s . x 3 ,r e dc l ay . C he s t . 4 . B ead Y e l low c l ay . C he s t . 5 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . 6 . R ing . I r on . L ef tw a i s t . 7 . R ing . I r on . L ef tw a i s t .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s 8 7 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 8m . Two b eam s lo t so rp o s t -ho l e sa l ong e i the rs i de , p l u s r e c tangu la r c u t t ing m id -nor th s i de . S and s tone s l ab a ga in s t s ou th s i de . D i s tu rbed , p robab ly i na n t iqu i ty . P robab ly l e f to pen a f t e r d i s tu rbance . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . B one s s c a t t e r ed i nf i l l . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s 8 6 ° . G rave w . 1 . 5m , d .0 . 9m . We s t e nd d e s t royed b y m oder n t r ench . S u rv iv ing h a lf d i s tu rbed . S and s tone s l ab ss c a t te r ed i nf i l l . A du l t , p robab ly f ema le , a g ed a bou t 3 0 y ea r s . B one ss c a t t e r ed i nf i l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . P o lych rome g l a s s . I nf i l l . 2 . B ead B lue g l a s s . I nf i l l . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s 7 9 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 16m , w . 0 . 8m , d .0 . 56m . D i s tu rbed . S econda ry b u r ia l i n se r ted i nu ppe r f i l l . 1 9A ( P r ima ry ) : A du l t . B on e sf r agmen ta ry a nd d i s tu rbed , l o ng b one s i ns i t u . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . 1 9B ( Seconda ry ) : Y oung a du l t m a le . B one s s c a t te r ed i nu ppe rf i l l . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s 7 9 ° . G rave I .2 . 1m , w . 1 . 05m , d .0 . 8m . G rave d i s tu rbed . S and s tone s l ab s i nu ppe rf i l l . C h i ld , a g ed a bou t 7y ea r s . B one ss c a t t e r ed a nd f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead C oppe ra loy . I nf i l l . 2 . B ead G r een g l a s s . I nf i l l .

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s9 1° . G rave 1 .1 . 65m ,w . 0 . 56m , d .0 . 47m . G rave c u t d i agona l ly b y m ode rn t r en ch , b u t s k e le ton u nd i s tu rbed . F ema le c h i ld , a g ed 6 7 y ea r s . S up ine , l e g s f l ex ed t or i gh t . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s 1 0 1° . G rave w . 0 . 72m , d .0 . 96m . F oo to f g r ave d e s t royed b y m ode rn p i pe t rench . C of f in . A du l t m a le , a ged a bou t 3 5 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead A long u ppe rl e f ta rm . 2 . R od Wood , c apped w i th c oppe r a loy , a nd w i th s p iked i r on p ro jec t ion . B y r i gh t u ppe ra rm . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . C en t re w a i s t . 4 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . 5 . F ragmen t s . I r on . 6 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s 6 9 ° . G rave I .2 . 9m , w . 1 . 32m , d .0 . 95m . D i s tu rbed . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le . B one ss c a t t e red . G rave g ood s : 1 . K ey . C oppe ra loy . D i s tu rbed . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on . D i s tu rbed . 3 . P o ts he rd s . G ra s st empe r ed . D i s tu rbed . GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s 6 9 ° . G rave 1 .3 . 08m , w . 1 . 84m , d . i m . S h e lf c u t a r ound a l s i de s , w i th 6 r e c tangu la r d ep r e s s ion s c u t i n to t h i s . G rave d i s tu rbed . S and s tone s l ab s i nf i l l . P robab le a du l tf ema le . B one sd i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . Y e l low g l a s so rp a s t e . 2 . B ead R ed c l ay . 3 . F ragmen t . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s 7 5° . G rave 1 .1 . 5m , w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 7m . G rave d i s tu rbed , a nd o ve r la in b y m oder nc ab le t r ench .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s 7 7° . G rave 1 .2 . 6m , w . 1 . 18m , d .0 . 69m . G rave d i s tu rbed . B one a nd m e ta l f r agmen t s s ca t te red i nf i l l . A du l tf ema le . B one ss ca t te red . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead B rown c l ay . 2 . B ead B rown c l ay .

C h i ld , a ged a bou t 3y ea r s . S ca t te r ed b one s o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead P o lych rome g l a s s . B rown w i th c r eam l i ne sa nd r ed s po t s . 2 . B ead s . x 13 . Y e l low c l ay . 3 . B ead s . x 10 . G reen g l a s s . 4 . B ead s . x 21 . C y l ind r ica l g reen g l a s s . 1 7 s i ng le , 4d oub le . 5 . K n if e . 6 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 3 3 . A x i s 7 7° . G rave 1 .2 . 96m , w . 0 . 91m , d .0 . 65m . D is tu rbed . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . O n ly m and ib le a nd l o ng b one f r agmen t s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 28 , g l a s s , c l ay , a me thy s t . U nde r j aw . 2 . F a s tene r . S i lve r . W i th b ead s . 3 . P endan t . S i lve r , h em isphe r ica l . W i th b ead s . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s 7 1° . G rave 1 .1 . 85m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 95m . L edge a l ong h ead a nd s ou th s i de o f g rave . P o s t -ho le o r b eam s l o t i n SW c o rne r . G rave h eav i ly d i s tu rbed . C of in . J uven i le f ema le , a ged a bou t 1 5 y ea r s . B one s s c a t te red a nd f r agmen ta ry . G rave g ood s : 1 . S tap l e . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . S tap le . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . D i sc . L ead . 5 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , w i th s i lve r p l a te a nd i r on ' s p ike ' . 6 . K n if e . 7 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s 8 1° . G rave 1 .2 . 75m , w . 1 . 16m , d .0 . 96m . G rave d i s tu rbed i n a n t iqu i ty , a nd c en t r e d e s t royed b y moder n p ipe t r ench . C of i n , p robab ly w i th 3 4b . D oub le i n huma t ion , b one ss ca t te red . 3 4a : A du l tm a le? G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . P o lych rome , r ed a nd w h i t eg l a s s . 2 . B ead . Y e l low c l ay . 3 . B ead . Y e l low c l ay . 4 . B ox f i t t ing . I r on . 3 4b : A du l tm a le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s4 3° . G rave i regu la ra nd a lmo s tp l oughed o u t . C u t i n to i n ne r s i de o fp reh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . N os ke le ta lr ema in s . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead Ambe r . 2 . B ead S em i -opaque y e l low g l a s s . 3 . B ead S em i -opaque y e l low g l a s s . 4 . B ead B lue g l a ss . 5 . B ead B rown c l ay .

N og r ave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s 9 7° . G rave 1 .1 . 2m , w . 0 . 45m , d .0 . 6m . S and s tone s l ab sa th ead , f oo ta nd n or th s i de . I n f an t . B one f r agmen t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead B lue c l ay . 2 . B ead B lue c l ay . 3 . B ead B lue c l ay . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s 15° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m , w . l m , d .0 . 78m . G rave h eav i ly d i s tu rbed . A du l tf ema le . F ragmen ta ry r ema in s . N og rave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s 8 0 ° . G rave w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 53m . We s te rn e nd d e s t royed b y mode rn p ipe t r ench . C off in . N o s ke le ta l r ema in s , b u t l eg shaped ' s t a in o n c ha lk . N o g r ave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s 8 9° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m , w . 0 . 81m , d .0 . 76m . U ppe r s i de s o fg rave s l op ing . S he lve s a th ead a nd f oo t . 4p o s t -ho le s , 2e ach s i de . D i s tu rbed . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . B one s i np oo rc ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . B yl ef ta rm . 2 . H ook o rl a tch l if t e r . I r on ,b y l e f ta rm . 3 .

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s 9 7 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 55m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d . 1 . 1m . C of f in 2 . 05m b y0 . 5m .

B uck le . I r on ,r i gh tw a i s t .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . A du l t f ema le? E x tended s up ine . B one s i n p oo rc ond i t ion . G rav eg ood s : 1 . T ouch s tone . B yl ef ta rm ? 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,s ma l l . B yl e f ta rm . 3 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . B yl e f ta rm . 4 . K n if e . L a rge , w i th i r on s h ea th -f i t t ing s? B yl e f ta rm . 5 9 . C up -moun t s . C oppe ra loy .

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s7 2 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 65m , w . 0 . 67m , d .0 . 64m . T h r ee p a i r so fb eam s lo t s i ns i de s . J uven i le f ema le , a ged a bou t 1 2 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s 1 04 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 84m , w . 0 . 6m , d .0 . 67m . T h r ee p a i r s o f p o s t -ho le s i n s i de s . P o s s ib le c of in . A du l t f ema le , a ged a bou t 1 9 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . G rave g ood s : 1 . F ragmen t . I r on . L ef ta rm . 2 . S p ind l e -whor l . C lay o r s ha le . B y r i gh t l e g .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave 1 . 1 . 76m , w . 0 . 72m , d . 0 . 95m . C u t t h rough p r eh i s to r ic p i t i nb a r row d i t ch . A du l t m a le , a g ed 2 5 30 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended ,h ead t ol ef t . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on . R igh tw a i s t . 2 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s 7 9 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 95m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 77m . F ou rp a i r so fb eam s l o t s a l ong s i de s . T ho se o n Ss i de c u t h o r izon ta l ly , t h o se o n Ns i de o pen t o pped . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S up ine e x t end ed . G r av eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef ta rm . 2 . S hea r s . I r on . R igh ta rm . 3 . B uck le . I r on . C en t r ew a i s t .

GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s 1 09 ° . G rave I .2 . 24m , w . I m , d .0 . 72m . F ou rp a i r so fp o s t -ho le sa l ong s i de s . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . G rave g ood s : I . F ragmen t s . I r on . R igh tw a i s t . 2 . K n if e . I r on . L ef tw a i s t . GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s 1 09 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 9m , w . 0 . 75m , d .0 . 54m . T h r ee p a i r so fp o s t -ho le sa l ong s i de s . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ox -f i t t ing . C oppe r a l loy c a t ch . A t r i gh t h and . 2 3 . F o i l . 5p i ece s , c oppe r a loy . A t r i gh t h and . 4 -6 . B ead s . x 3 ,c l ay . U nde rj aw . 7 . K n if e . R igh th i p . 8 . B uck le . I r on . R igh th i p .

GRAVE 4 0 . A x i s 7 9 ° . G rave I .1 . 16m , w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 75m . T h r ee p a i r s o f p o s t -ho le s a l ong s i de s . Two r e ce s se s a th ead o fg r av e . L aye r o fc ha lk s i l t a bov e b u r ia l , a nd d a rk e a r th a ga in s t g r ave w a l l s . D i s tu rbed . C h i ld , a g ed 1 2 y ea r s . B one s i n p oo r c ond i t ion . E x t ended s up ine . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck l e l o op a nd c up -moun t? C oppe r a loy . M id to r so . W i th b ead s? 2 . P endan t . G i l t c oppe r a loy , c h ip -ca rved . M id to r so . 3 . D i sc . B one ,p i e r ced . L ef th i p . 4 12 . B ead s . N eck /m id to r so . 1 3 . K n if e . U nde r3 .

GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s 1 05° . G rave 1 . 1 . 68m , w . 1 . 16m , d . 0 . 75m . D i s tu rbed . C h i ld , a g ed a bou t 9y ea r s . S ca t t e r ed b one sa nd t e e th o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I nf i l l . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s7 6 ° . G rave I .1 . 95m , w .0 . 65m , d .0 . 75m . L edg e a th ead , w i th f ou r s a nd s tone b l ock s o n i t , l e dge a t f o o t w i th 1 s a nd s tone b l ock . P o s s ib le p o s t -ho le i nS Ec o rn e r . J uven i le f ema le , a ged 1 2 15 y ea r s . S up ine e x t end ed . G r ave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef th i p .

GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s 7 8 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 1m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 65m . T h ree p a i r so fp o s t -ho le sa l ong s i de s . A du l tf ema le ,a g ed 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 9 ,u nde rj aw .

2 99

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 2 . W ea v ing i mp lemen t . B one . L ef tw a i s t . 3 . S hea r s . I r on . L e t tw a i s t . 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . C en t re w a i s t . 5 -6 . P endan t s . x 2 , t r iangu la r a me thy s t d rop s . Among s ti r on b ox f i t t ing s . 7 8 . P endan t s . x 2 , s i lve r moun ted g a rne t d rop s . Among s t i r on b ox f i t t ing s . 9 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . Among s t i r on b ox f i t t ing s . 1 0 . S p ind le -whor l . Y e l low c l ay , a t l ef t k neecap . 1 12 . B ox f i t t ing s . C oppe r a l loy . L ef t k neecap . 1 3 . F ragmen t s . I r on . L ef tk neecap . 1 4 . R ing . B one . P a r to f . L ef tk neecap . 1 5 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . 1 6 18 . F ragmen t s . B ox -f i t t ing s? 1 9 -20 . F ragmen t s . I r on , p robab ly k ey s . L ef t

A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . F ragmen ta ry r ema in s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . K n if e . 3 . Wood t r ace . O n f l oo r o fg rave . L eng th 1 m . GRAVE 5 2 . A x i s 9 7° . G rave 1 .2 . 6m , w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 73m . H eav i ly d i s tu rbed , w i th s and s tone s l ab s a nd b one s s ca t te r ed i nf i l l . Med ieva l p o t s he rd a t d ep th o f7 cm i nf i l l . A du l tf ema le . N og rave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 5 3 . A x is 1 00° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m , w . 0 . 88m , d .0 . 76m . D i s tu rbed , w i th s and s tone s l ab s i nf i l l . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . B one s j umb led a tf oo to fg rave . G rave g ood s : 1 . S i lve r f ragmen t s . x 2 , p o s s ib ly f r om p endan t . 2 . B ead . B rown c l ay .

f emu r . 2 1 . F ragmen t s . B ox -f i t t ing s? GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s 9 8° . G rave 1 .1 . 8m , w . 0 . 6m , d . 0 . 6m . T h ree p a i r so fp o s t -ho le s a l ong s i de . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . G rave g ood s : 1 . S hea r s . I r on . B yl ef tl e g . 2 . C omb . B one , f r agmen t s . B yl ef tl e g . 3 . K n if e . C en t re w a i s t . 4 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 5 4 . A x is 8 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 15m , w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 6m . C of in t r ace , 1 . 7m b y0 . 5m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . O b jec t s . C oppe r a l loy , o n l e f t h i p . P lu s f a b r ic t r ace .

GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s9 1° . G rave I .2 . 65m , w . 1 . 34m , d .0 . 91m . R ec tangu la r c u rb s l o t s u r round ing g rave , c . 4 . 4m b y 2 . 8m . S ome s and s tone f r agmen t s r e ta ined i nt h is . C ha lk r ubb le a ga in s t w a l l s o f g r ave , s u r round ing o u t l ine o f c off in . D i s tu rbed . A du l t ,a ged 2 1-25 y ea r s . B one ss c a t te red . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . M idd le o fg rave . 2 . F ragmen t s . I r on . I nf i l l .

GRAVE 5 . A x is 1 00° . G rave I .1 . 6m , w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 58m . C hange i nf i l l a ga in s t w a l ls o fg r ave , p o s s ib ly c off in o u t l ine . Two s and s tone s l ab s u p r igh t a t f oo to fg r ave . C h i ld , a g ed 6 -8 y ea r s . T ee th o n ly . P o s s ib le b ody s t a in so nc ha lk f l oo r . G rave g ood s : 1 .F ragmen t . I r on . M id g rave .

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s 7 3° . G rave 1 .2 . 8m , w . 1 m , d . 0 . 8m . R ec tangu la r c u rb s l o t s u r round ing g rave , c . 4 . 4m b y2 . 4m , w i th s ome s and s tone u p r igh t s i n s l o t . H eav i ly d i s tu rbed , w i th l a rge s and s tone s l ab si nf i l l . A du l t ma le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry .

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s 9 4° . G rave 1 .1 . 5m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d .0 . 66m . We s te rn t wo t h i rd s o fg rave d i s tu rbed . C of in , a nd ' p i l low s ' o fh a rd p a cked c ha lk a th ead a nd f oo t . C h i ld , a ged a bou t 6y ea r s . B one f r agmen t s a nd t e e th o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy .

N og rave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s 9 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 6m , w . 0 . 9m , d . 0 . 9m . S and s tone s l ab s i n g rave f i l l . C off in . D i s tu rbed .

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i s 1 02° . G rave I .2 . 4m , w . 0 . 75m ,d .0 . 75m .

3 00

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . 2 . O b jec t . 3i r on l i nk s . U nd e rl e f tf o r ea rm . 3 . B uck le . I r on ,f r agmen to f . Wa i s t .

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s 14 ° . G rave I .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 56m , d . 0 . 26m . I n s ide p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . D i s tu rbed . A du l tm a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . F ragmen t s . P a r t ic le s o fi r on a nd b r onz e . M id to r so . 2 . K n if e . F ragmen t s ,r i gh tw a i s t . 3 . B one f ragmen t s . N o t f r om s k e le ton , b e tween k nee s .

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s 8 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 34m , w . 0 . 68m , d .0 . 5m . C u t i n to f l oo r o f p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . T h r ee p a i r s o fp o s t -ho le s , a l ong l ow e r h a lf o f g r ave . S ugge s t s g r ave o r ig ina l ly s ho r t e r , t h en e n la rged . A du l tm a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . F l exed o n r i gh t s i de . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L a rge , b y k nee s . W i th 2 ,p r obab ly s h ea thed t oge the r . 2 . K n if e . L a rge ,w i th 1 . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . L ef tl e g .

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s 1 30 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 25m , w . 0 . 67m , d . 0 . 64m . P robab le c off in ,a nd p o s s ib le p o s t -ho le i n NW c o rne r . D i s tu rbed . C h i ld , a g ed 4 5 y ea r s . B one s i n v e ry p oo r c ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . F ragmen t s . 2 . B ead C ompo s i te s i lve rb ead , f r agmen t s . 3 . P o ts he rd G ra s st empe r ed .

GRAVE 5 9 . A x i s 9 8 ° . G rav e 1 .1 . 7m , w . 0 . 65m , d .0 . 7m . C u t i n to f l oo r o f p reh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . P o s s ib le p o s t -ho le sa te a ch c o rne r . C of f in . F ema le c h i ld , a ged 7 8 y ea r s . S ke le ton i np oo r c ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 . Moun t s . C oppe r a l loy c up -moun t s . L ef t f o o t . 2 . K n if e . R igh tw a i s t .

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s 1 0 3° . G rave I .2 . 1m , w . 0 . 8m , d .0 . 82m . T h r ee p a i r s o f p o s t -ho le s a l ong s i de s , c on ta in ing d a rk f i l l , p o s s ib ly r ema in s o fp o s t s . ' P i l low ' o f s t if f e a r th p ack ing b enea th s ku l l . C ha lk p a ck ing d own s i de s o f g r ave . S qua r e s a nd s tone s l ab , a nd t r unca ted c ha lk p y ram id , h i gh i nf i l l ; p o s s ib le g r ave m a rke r ? A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef ts hou lde r . 2 . B uck l e . I r on , l a rg e . C en t r ew a i s t . 3 . K n if e . C en t re w a i s t .

GRAVE 6 0 . A x i s 9 1° . G rave I .2 . 9m , w . 1 . 1m , d . I m . R obbed . L edge o fc ha lk p a ck ing a l ong N s i de , a nd p a r to f Ss i de . C off in . A du l tm a le . B one ss c a t te r ed . G r ave g ood s : 1 . O b jec t . 2 . S pea rhead O n c ha lk l e dg e , i n NW c or n e r . 3 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . B rok en . 4 . O rgan ic t r ace . L ef tl e g . 5 . O rgan ic t r ace . NW c or n e r . 6 . W ood 2 l ump s o f u n -wo rked w ood , a t f o o to fg r ave .

GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s 15° . G rave 1 .2 . 5m , w . 0 . 8m , d .0 . 4m . D i s tu rbed ,s a nd s tone s l ab s i nf i l l . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . B one s s c a t te r ed . A ppa r en t ly d i s tu rbed w hen s t i l l p a r t ia l ly a r t icu la ted . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra loy . 2 . W i re . C oppe ra loy , s p i ra l .

GRAVE 6 1 . A x i s 8 6° . G rave 1 .2 . 4m , w . 1 . 1m , d .0 . 9m . C ha lk p ack ing a ga in s t l o ng s i d e s , s a nd s tone s l ab s i nf i l l . D i s tu rbed , a nd f o o t o fg r ave c u t b ym oder nt r ench . A du l tm a le . B one ss c a t te r ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . O b jec t s . C oppe r a l loy s t ud a nd r i ve t , a nd w ood f r agmen t . C he s t . 2 . S pea rhead R igh ts hou lde r . 3 . S h i e ld s tud s . X 3 , i r on . L owe rl e f ta rm .

GRAVE 6 6 . A x i s 7 3° . G rave 1 .2 . 25m , w . 0 . 6m , d .0 . 7m . T h r ee p a i r so fp o s t -ho le sa l ong s i de s . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -35 y ea r s . S up ine e x tended . S ke le ton i np oo rc ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 3 . S eax? S eax o r l a rge k n if e , w i th c oppe r a loy p omme l moun ta nd r i ve t s . L ef ta rm . 4 . B uck l e . L a rge , i r on . L ef tw a i s t .

3 0 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . 5 . B uck le . Sma l l , c oppe ra l loy . R igh tk nee .

1 .S pea rhead R igh ta rm .

GRAVE 6 7 . A x i s 3 2° . G rave 1 .2 .05m , w . 0 . 8m , d . 1 . 07m . C u t t h rough p reh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch , a nd r emoved h ead o f g rave 7 3 . Two p o s t -ho le s e i the rs i de a th ead e nd . A du l t ma le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . R ema in si ng ood c ond i t ion . G rave g ood s : 1 3 . B uck le a nd b e l t -f i t t ing s . C oppe r a l loy b uck le , b e l t tag a nd r ema in s o f l e a the r b e l t . C en t r ew a i s t . 4 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . 5 . S tap le s . I r on a nd c oppe r a l loy . P o s s ib ly c up -moun t s . B yl ef tl e g . 6 . B uck le . I r on . P o s s ib ly a c tua l ly i ng r ave 7 3 . 7 . F ragmen t . C oppe ra l loy . C en t re w a i s t .

GRAVE 7 2 . A x is 1 07 ° . G rave I .2 . 12m , w . 0 . 7m , d .0 . 67m . D i s tu rbed . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . B one s s c a t te red . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead Y e l low g l a s s , p en tagona l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i s9 0 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 04m , w . 0 . 75m , d .0 . 88m . S qua re p o s t -ho le a t NE c o rne r . S and s tone s l ab i nu ppe rf i l l . A du l t f ema le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . P o s s ib le f a ta l w eapon i n ju ry . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . C ha lk p iece . S ide o fg rave , n ea r l ef ta rm . I n c i sed w i th p o s s ib le ' r un ic ' i n sc r ip t ion . 2 . C ha te la ine? I r on f r agmen t s . U nde r l ef t a rm . 3 . K n if e . U nde rl ef ta rm . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , s ma l l . U nde r l e f t a nn .

GRAVE 7 4 . A x is 7 9 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 45m , w . 0 . 62m , d .0 . 6m . C hange i nf i l l a r ound w a l ls o f g r ave . L a rge s a nd s tone s l ab i nf i l l . C off in . C h i ld , a ged 4 -5 y ea r s . F ragmen t s o fs k e le ton o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 7 3 . A x is 0 ° . G rave w . 0 . 78m . H ead o f g r ave r emoved b y g rave 6 7 . G rave c u t i n to f i l l o f p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . A du l tm a le . L eg s f l exed t or i gh t . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on , p os s ib ly f r om g rave 6 7 .

GRAVE 7 5 . A x i s 6 6° . G rave I .2 . 25m , w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 83m . D i s tu rbed , c on ten t s s ca t te red . C off in . A du l t . F ragmen ta ry r ema in s o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on w i th c oppe ra l loy r i v e t s . 2 . C ha te la ine r i ng . I r on . 3 . B ead P o lych rome , b lue a nd w h i t eg l a s s . 4 -7 . B ead s . x 4 , c l ay . 8 . K n if e . 9 . B uck l e . I r on .

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i s 8 3° . G rave 1 .2 .4m , w . 0 . 84m , d .0 . 63m . H eav i ly d i s tu rbed , b one a nd m e ta l f r agmen t s a t c en t r eo fg rave . A du l tf ema le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 . F inge r -r ing . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . B ead B rown p a s te .

GRAVE 7 6 . A x i s 9 8° . G rave I .1 . 2m , w . 0 . 51m , d .0 . 15m . I n s ide p r eh is to r ic b a r row d i tch . A lmo s t p l oughed o u t . D i s tu rbed . C h i ld , a ged 7 8y ea r s . F l exed o n l ef ts i de . N og rave g ood sr e cove red .

GRAVE 7 0 . A x i s7 0 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 2m ,w . 0 . 7m ,d .0 . 64m . A du l tm a le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ef tw a i s t . GRAVE 7 1 . A x i s6 3° . G rave 1 .2 . 3m , w . 0 . 83m , d .l m . C u t t h rough p reh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . R ec tangu la r s l o t f o r b ody c u t i ng rave f l oo r . C ha lk p i l low u nde r s ku l l . P o s s ib le c off in ; w ood t r ace o n f l oo ro fs l o t . D i s tu rbed . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . S ke le ton i n

GRAVE 7 7 . A x i s 9 1° . G rave 1 .1 . 37m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 82m . N a r row l e dge o f c ha lk a round a l l s i de s o f g r ave . Two l a rge f l in t s a nd c ha rcoa l o n l e dge . C of in . I n f an t , a g ed 0 1 y ea r . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . E gg s . x 3 , a t f e e t . P robab ly i n ta c t w hen b u r ied .

p oo rc ond i t ion . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 7 8 .

3 02

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . A x i s 5 9 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 75m , w . 0 . 6m , d .0 . 5m . C u t t h rough f i l l o f p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . D i s tu rbed . A du l t m a le , a g ed 4 0 -45 y ea r s . P rone , w i th r i gh ta rm u nde rs ku l l . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

1 . S pea r . I r on s pea rhead a tl ef ts hou lde r , a nd w ood t r ace o fs p ea rs haf t . S pea rhead a nd s haf t b en t ,p robab ly b yp r e s su r eo ff i l l . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . R igh tw a i s t . 3 . K n if e . Wa i s t . GRAVE 8 5 . A x i s 7 5° . G rave 1 .2 . 27m , w . 0 . 95m , d .0 . 82m . C of in , 1 . 7m b y0 . 6m . D i s tu rbed . C h i ld , a ged 1 2 y ea r s . T ee th a nd b one f r agmen t so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rf e r ru l e . L ef to fh ead . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . R igh to fb ody . 3 4 . S h ie ld s t ud s . O v e rm idd le o fb ody? 5 . B uck l e . I r on ,f r agmen t so f .

GRAVE 7 9 . A x i s 17 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 2m , w . 0 . 75m , d .0 . 9 1m . L edge sa th ead a nd f o o t , a nd t wo p a i r s o fp o s t h o le sa l ong s i de s . A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 5 -40 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra loy . A tn eck . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . L ef tw a i s t . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . L ef tw r i s t . 4 . K n if e . L ef tw r i s t .

GRAVE 8 6 . A x i s 8 9 ° . G rave I .1 . 6m , w . 0 . 52m , d . 1 . 2m . S and s tone s l ab s u p r igh t o n f l oo r o f g r ave . C of in . D i s tu rbed . C h i ld , a ged 6m on th st o 1y ea r . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . S i lve r . N eck ? 2 . S tud C oppe r a loy p y ram id . N ea r b rooch . 3 . F ing e rr i ng . C oppe ra loy . N ea rb r ooch . 4 . B ead P o lych rome , b l ue a nd w h i te g l a s s . N ea rb rooch . 5 . B ead B rown c l ay . N ea rb rooch . 6 . B and S i lve r . N ea rb rooch . 7 . K n if e . L ef tw a i s t? 8 . K ey s? L ef tw a i s t?

GRAVE 8 0 . A x i s5 6 ° . G rave 1 .2 . 07m ,w .0 . 7m ,d .0 . 8m . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . S up ine e x t ended . G rave g ood s : 1 . F ragmen t s . I r on . L ef ta rm . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . R igh ta rm . 3 . K n if e . GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s7 6 ° . G rave I .2 . 27m , w . 0 . 93m , d .0 . 82m . H a rd c ha lk p a ck ing a ga in s t w a l l s , l a rg e s a nd s tone s l ab i nf i l l , d a rk w ood t r a ce o n g r ave f l oo r . D i s tu rbed . A du l tf ema le ,a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 8 7 . A x i s 6 1° . G rave 1 .1 . 6m , w . 0 . 9m , d .0 . 81m . C of f in , 1 . 2m b y 0 . 45m . D i s tu rbed . C ow o r h o r se v e r teb rae a tf oo to fg r ave . I n f an t ,a g ed 6m on th st o 1y ea r . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 8 2 . A x i s 1 27 ° . G rave 1 .2m ,w . 0 . 8m ,d .1 . 1m . C u t i n to f i l lo fp r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . C of f in . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine ,h ead r a i sed ,a rm sa c ro s sa bdomen . N og r ave g ood s .

V I . E xcava ted b y T hane t A rchaeo log ica l Un i t , 1 980 -1982 . D .R .J .P erk in s .

GRAVE 8 3 . A x i s 4 4 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 7m , w . 0 . 6m , d .0 . 83m . C u t t h rough f i l l o f p r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . Wood t r ace o nf l oo ro fg r av e ;c of in? A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . S ke le ton i np oo rc ond i t ion . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVES 8 -228 . R eco rd sn o tp r e sen t ly a va i lab le .

V I I . E xcava ted b y T ru s t f or T hane t A rchaeo logy , 1 989 , a head o f r oad w ork s . D .R .J . P erk in s .

GRAVE 8 4 . A x i s 10 ° . G rave I .2 . 12m , w . 0 . 65m , m in . d . 0 . 45m . C u t t h rough f i l l o fp r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . A du l t m a le , a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p ine . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 29 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 8m , w . 1 . 1m , d .1 . 05m . D i s tu rbed i n a n t iqu i ty , h ead a nd f o o t u nd i s tu rbed . C of f in , e nc lo sed i n p a ck ing

3 03

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . r u bb le . S and s tone s l ab s h i gh i nf i l l , p o s s ib ly r ema in so fg r ound l e ve lc ove r . A du l tm a le . F ragmen ta ry r ema in so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n ive s . x 2 ,f r agmen t so f . 2 . S pea rhead W i th t r a ce so fw ooden s h af t . 3 4 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . I n c lud ing p a r t o f b o s s , a nd i r on s t ud s . 5 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . S ma l l .

2 18 . R ingwou ld w i th K ingsdown IF reedown . I .D i scovered S ep tember 1 945 . ( GRAVE 1 . ) G rave m in . 1 .1 . 07m ,d .1 . 24m . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . O n s i de , c r ou ched . S ku l l , p e lv ic f r agmen t a nd l e f t f emu r r e cove r ed . S t a tu re a pp rox . 1 . 73m . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 2 30 . G rav e c u t i n to f i l l o fp r eh i s to r ic b a r row d i tch . D i s tu rbed . S and s tone s l ab s s c a t t e r ed i n f i l l . P o s s ib le c off in . A ge a nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . B one ss c a t t e r ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . C omb . B one , f r agmen t so f . 2 . C l ench b o l t . I r on . P o s s ib ly f r om c of in?

2 19 . R ingwou ld w i th K ingsdown I , K ingsdown . I . D i scovered d ur ing d ur ing d igg ing o fc e s s -poo l .

2 10 . R amsga te V , N e thercour t F arm .

1 960 's

( G rave 1 ) . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton o rg r ave r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd 2 . S ear . 3 . S h i e ld 4 . S pea rhead 5 . K n if e .

I . D i scovered O c tober 1 949 , d ur ing t r ench d igg ing . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ku l l o f s k e le ton ' t h in -wa l led ' , t e e th w o rn . A ge a nd s e xn o tr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . N umbe r u nknown . O n ly 1 r e cove r ed ( sma l l f l a t b l ue a nd w h i te g l a s s s p i ra l ) . 2 . I r on o b jec t . P o s s ib ly b en tk n if eb l ad e . 3 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t . ' Th in ' . 4 . F l in t s . x 4 . 1t a bu la r , 3p ebb le s .

2 21 . R ipp le I ,M i l l S erv ice S ta t ion . I . D i scovered p re -1980 , d ur ing c on s truc t ion o f p e tro l t ank a t g arage . P robab ly W .P .D . S tebb ing . GRAVE I . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ke le ton r e cove red , n od e ta i l sr e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . S h ie ld .

2 13 . R amsga te V I I I , C ha lk H i l l . I . F ound 1 992 -4 , S andw ich B ay Wa s tewa ter T rea tmen t S cheme A rchaeo log ica l P ro jec t . We s sex A rchaeo logy a nd T ru s t f or T hane t A rchaeo logy .

2 23 . R oches ter I , Wa t t 's A venue . I .E xcava ted 1 892 ,d ur ing d igg ing o f f ounda t ion s f or g arden w a l l o f Saxonbury ' . G .P ayne .

( GRAVE 1 . )( R eco rded a sG rave 1 06 ) . A x i s W -E . G rave c u t i n to c ha lk , 1 .1 . 70m , w . 0 . 70m , d .0 . 40m . G rave a ppa r en t ly d i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . F ew b one s r e cove r ed ( Sku l l a nd l owe r l i mb ) , a ppa r en t ly r e p r e sen ted 2 i n d iv idua l s , a n a du l t a nd a j uven i le / sub -adu l t . B one s f o und d i s tu rbed i nf i l l . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton o n l e f t s i d e , l e f ta rm b en t . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

3 04

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . GRAVE 2 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g ea nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x tended , r i gh ta rm f l exed . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng . B yh and . 2 . R ing . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng . B yh and . 3 .S hea r s . I r on , ' i np e lv i s ' . 4 . B ead s . x 6 , 2a me thy s t , 4o paque g r een g l a s s . U nde rs ku l l . 5 . P endan t . G o ld , s e t w i th s t one . ' K i t e s h aped ' . W i th b ead s .

A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g ea nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . L eg b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl ef th i p . GRAVE 1 0 . A x i sW -E . I r on p y r i te si ng r ave f i l l . . O n ly at o o th f ound . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . E x t ended , l e g b one so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T o l e f to fh ead a r ea , ' e dge u p ' .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

I . E xcava ted 1 895 o r 9 6 , d ur ing d igg ing o f c e l lar a nd f ounda t ion s o f h ou se o ppo s i te S t . Margare t 's Chur chyard . G .P ayne .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 5 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g ea nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . O n l e f ts i de ,r i gh t a rm b en t . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B yl e f th i p .

GRAVE 1 2 . G rave d e s t royed d u r ing d i gg ing o fc e l la r . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead GRAVE 1 3 . G rave v i s ib le i nw e s t s i de o f c e l la r c u t . W . 0 . 86m , d .1 . 52m . A ge a nd s e xn o td e t e rm ined . S up ine e x t ended , h and u pon p e lv i s . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead B y l e f ta rm ,n ea rs hou lde r . 2 . K n if e . A tl e f tw a i s t . 3 . B uck le . I r on ,a tr i gh tw a i s t . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . Sma l l . C en t r ew a i s t .

GRAVE 6 . A x i sW -E . F oo to fg r av eu nde r l ie sg r ave 7 . A g ea nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x t ended , r i gh ta rm b en t , l ef tl e gc r o s sed o ve rr i gh t . 1 .S pea rhead B yr i gh ts hou lde r . 2 . K n if e . B yl e f ta nn . GRAVE 7 . A x i sW -E . F oo to fg rav eo ve r l ie sf o o to fg r av e 6b y3 8cm . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . F l exed , l e g s d r awn r ound o ve rl e g s o fg r ave 6 . U ppe rb ody d ecayed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . U nde rp e lv i s .

GRAVE 1 4 . G rave v i s ib le i nn o r th f a ce o fc u tf o rc e l la r . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s e xn o td e t e rm ined . S t a tu r ec .1 . 52m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . O np e lv i s .

GRAVE 8 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm in ed . 2f r agmen t s o f l e gb one so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B yc en t re o fb ody . 2 . B ead s . x 2 . O paque b l ue g l a s s w i th w h i t e s p i ra l s . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck , s ma l l c up w i th r o unded b a se .

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . J uven i le? , d e sc r ibed a s " young f ema le" . S t a tu r eu nde r 1 . 52m . E x tended . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 3 . O paque g l a s s , 2r e d , 1g r een . B yn eck .

GRAVE 9 .

3 05

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sN -R . 2 . B ead s . x 2 . R ed . B yl e f th and .

A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rd ed . A ge a nd s e xn o td e t e rm ined . S up ine e x t ended , r i gh t h and u pon r i gh t l e g , l e f t h and u pon p e lv is . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . ' Sma l l ' , b yb a ckbone .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined , s k e le ton " a lmo s t e n t i r e ly d ecayed " . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T ol e f to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e . ' Long ' . B yl e f ta rm . 3 . K n if e . ' S ho r t ' . B y l e f ta rm . 4 . S wo rd B yl e f ta tm . 5 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra l loy . B yl e f ta rm . 6 . S h ie ld -bo s s . A t r i gh t h i p , o n e dg e , p o in t o u twa rd s . 4r i ve t s . 7 .S t ud S i lve r -headed ,s h ie ld -f i t t ing . 8 . B uck l e . S h ie ld -on tongu e a nd t r i angu la r p l a te . S h ie ld -on tongue s e tw i th 4g a rne t s a nd 2b l u e s t one s . B o s se s o n t r iangu la r p l a t e s e t w i th i v o ry , e a ch w i th a g a rne t i n c en t r e . N a r row b and o fg o ld o ne a ch s i de o fp l a t e .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave o n ly p a r t ia l ly s u rv iv ed i n b ank i nf r on to fh ou se . T ib ia o n ly r e cove r ed . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s W -E . G rave o n ly p a r t ia l ly s u rv iv ed i n b ank i nf r on to fh ou se . T ib ia o n ly r e cove r ed . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave p a r t ia l ly s u rv ived i nb ank i n f r on to fh ou se ,h ead e nd o fg rave d e s t royed . A ge a nd s e xn o td e t e rm ined . S up ine e x tended . S ku l la nd s h ou lde rb l ade sm is s ing . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f th i p . 2 . R ing . C oppe ra loy , a tl ef th i p . 3 . C ha te la ine . I r on , k ey a nd 2 3 h ook s , a l f u sed t o ge the r , a tl e f th i p . 4 . R ing s . 1c oppe r a l loy , 1i r on , s u spen s ion f o r( 3 ) . 5 . B ead R ed o paque g l a s s . B yr i gh th and .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . E x tended , f e e t t o ge the r . S t a tu r ec .1 . 67m . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T o l e f to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' ,b yl e f ta rm . GRAVE 1 9 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed b yw o rkmen . F r agmen to fs ku l lo n ly r e cove r ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead Ambe r . N ea rh ead .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave I .2 . 13m , w . 1 . 22m , d . 1 . 52m . G r ave " l onge rt h an a ny o t he r ss of a r " . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . I nc en t r e .

GRAVE 2 0 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed b yw o rkmen . F r agmen to fs ku l lo n ly r e cove r ed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave f o und d u r ing d i gg ing o f s c af f o ld -po le h o le f o rc on s t ruc t ion o fh ou se . A g e a nd s e x n o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x tended . S ke le ton d e cayed , f e e t m i s s ing , m in . s t a tu r e 1 . 45m . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B yl e f ts i de .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s W -E . L ow e r h a lf o fg r ave d e s t royed b y w o rkmen . A g e a nd s e x n o t d e te rm ined . U ppe r h a lf o f s k e le ton o n ly r e cove r ed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 2 2 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g ea nd s ex n o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x t end ed , h and s o n p e lv i s , f e e t t o ge the r . S ku l l i n f r agm en t s ,s t a t u r ew i thou ts ku l l 1 . 47m . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra loy ,b yr i gh th i p . 2 . K n if e . ' Sma l l ' ,n ea r( 1 ) . 3 .S pea rhead L eaf shaped . T ol e f to fs k u l l .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A g e a nd s e xn o td e te rm ined . S up ine e x tended , h ee l st o ge the r . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . ' Sma l l ' ,b yl e f ts i de . 2 . P o ts he rd ' Th ick ' ,b yl ef tf emu r . GRAVE 3 0 .

GRAVE 2 3 .

3 06

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sN -R . A x is W-E . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e term ined . E x tended s up ine , h ee ls t oge the r . S ku l l " a lmo s tg one" . G rave g oods : 1 .S pearhead B y l ef ts i de . 2 . K n if e . l e f ta rm .

GRAVE 3 7 (W i l l iams & P ayne g rave 3 ) . A x is S -N . G rave a pp rox . I .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 61 m , d . 0 . 56m . R oman t i l e f r agmen t n ea r h ead ( r es idua l? ) , l a rge f l in t s a bove b ody , e spec ia l ly i np e lv ic r eg ion . A du l t ma le , a ged 2 0 -25 y ea r s . P rone e x tended , f o rea rm s a c ros s b ack a si fb ound t oge the r . No g rave g ood s .

Good c ond i t ion . B e tween r i b s a nd

3 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' , a tc en t re w a i s t .

I I . E xcava ted 1 899 o r 1 900 , i n r ear

2 24 . Rochester I , Shor t B ros . Works .

g arden s o f Nos . 1 4 a nd 1 6 R oebuck R d . G . P ayne .

I . D i scovered 1 939 .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x is W-E . G rave d ep th 0 . 92m . A ge a nd s ex n o td e term ined . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pearhead Good c ond i t ion , 1 .3 5cm . T o l e f to fs ku l l .

GRAVE I . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . P robab le ma tu re a du l t m a le . r e cove red . G rave g ood s :

2 . S pear f erru le . B y l e f tk nee . 3 . B uck le . I r on .

1 .S word ' We l l p rese rved ' . 2 . S h ie ld -boss .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x is N -S . G rave 1 .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 81 m , d .1 . 22m . N o d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e corded .

3 . S pearhead . 4 . S pea rhead .

N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 3 . A x is S -N . G rave I .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 81 m , d .1 . 22m . N od e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g oods . GRAVE 3 4 . A x is S -N . G rave 1 .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 81 m , d . 1 . 22m . N od e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . N o g r ave g ood s .

I V .

D i scovered

J une

1 979 ,

i n

g arden , No . 6 1 S t . Margare t 's S tree t . D .E . Wi l l iams a nd P .R . P ayne . GRAVE 3 5 (W i l l iam s &P ayne g rave 1 ) . A x i s S -N . G rave 1 .1 . 83m , w . 0 . 61 m , d .0 . 56m . E xcava ted b yp o l ice . A du l t , p robab ly ma le ,

a ged

2 0 -30

E x tended s up ine , s ku l l f a c ing l ef t .

y ea r s .

S ke le ton

c omp le te , s t a tu re c .1 . 78m . G rave g oods : 1 .I r on s l ag f ragmen t . B y l e g s . GRAVE 3 6 (W i l l iam s &P ayne g rave 2 ) . A x is W-E . G rave 1 .0 . 99m , w . 0 . 91m , d . 1 . 07m . G rave e xcava ted b yp o l ice . A du l t f ema le , a ged 1 6 -20 y ea r s . C rouched o n l e f ts i de . S ta tu re c .1 . 63m . N o g r ave g ood s .

3 07

L owe r j aw o n ly

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W .

I . F ound c .1 930 , d ur ing d igg ing o f h ouse f ounda t ions .

A ppend ix 2 : C a ta logue o f g raves . ( S i tes S -W ) .

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pearhead . 2 . B ead s . G la s s .

G rave e n t r ie s l i s ted i nb racke t s , t h u s ; ( GRAVE # ) ,h ave n o tb een i n c luded i nt h ed a taba se . U n le s s s t a ted o therw i se , a l l g r ave s a r e s i ng le i n huma t ion s . A` * " a f t e r af i nd e n t ry d eno te st h a ta n i lu s t ra t ion o ft h a tf i nd h a s b een p ub l i shed .

I . D i scovered 1 963 -4 , d ur ing c ons truc t ion o fg arden s t ep s .

2 27 . S t . Margare t 's -a t -C l if fe I I .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s W -E? S ke le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . A t l ef ts i de . L eng th o fs pea r a bou t 1 . 52m . 2 . I r on o b jec t . ' Lump ' , a tw a i s t .

E xcava ted 1 775 .

GRAVE A . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave ' d eep ' . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . 2 0+ , g l a s s . GRAVE B . P r ima ry i n b a r row . s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . A r rowhead .*

2 31 . S ar re I .

No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r

I .F ound b y workman , 1 841 . GRAVE I( Pe rk in s ' g rave A ) . N o d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton o rg rave r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . C ompo s i te d i sc . ' The Amhe r s t B rooch ' . ( Aven tc o rpu s n o . 1 78 , c l a s s3 .1) .* 2 . C oppe r a l loy b ow l . C op t ic . D ia . 3 0cm , d rop h and le s .

I . E xcava ted D ecember 1 782 . J ame sD oug la s . GRAVE C . P r ima ry i n b a r row . No d e ta i l s o f g r ave r e co rded . A ge a nd s ex n o tr e co rded . B one s ' d e l ica te ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . I r on . 2 0cm l o ng .

I . D i scovered J u ly 1 860 , d ur ing e xcava t ion s f or b o i ler a nd e ng ine h ou se ,S arre Mi l l . Mr . Ma t son . GRAVE A ( Pe rk in s g rave B ) . A x i s NW -SE . G rave 1 . 83m b e low ' s u rf a ce o f c ha lk l a nd ' . N od e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . A t c en t re o f n eck lace w i th 3 ,4 a nd 5 . * 2 . B rooch . C ompo s i te d i sc . O n l e f t b rea s t . ( Aven tc o rpu s n o . 1 77 , c l a s s2 ) .* 3 . B ead s . x 2 . Ame thy s t . 4 . B ead s . x 16 . Monoch rome g l a s s . 5 . C o in s . x 4 . G o ld , w i th s u spen s ion l o op s . Me rov ing ian . 6 . C oppe r a l loy b ow l . C op t ic . O pen -wo rk f o o t . C on ta ined a n ima l b one s . D ia . 3 8cm .* 7 . W eav ing s wo rd ? ?Accord ing t o RA S m i th . 8 . ' M inor o b jec t s ' . ? Accord ing t o RA S m i th .

GRAVE D . P r ima ry i n b a r row . No d e ta i l s o f g rave r e co rded . C h i ld . B one s" coa ted w i th c l ay" . No g rave g ood s . ( GRAVE E . ) C rema t ion . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . B a r row t owa rd s e nd o f NE r ange . N o g r ave c u t t ing : b one s d epo s i ted i nc en t re o fm ound o n n a tu ra l g round s u rf ace . P robab ly p reh i s to r ic . J uven i le , a ged a bou t 1 0 12 y ea r s . B one s b u rn t . N og rave g ood s .

2 28 . S t . Margare t 's -a t -C l if fe S a l isbury R oad .

GRAVE B ( Pe rk in s ' g rave C ) .

3 08

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . N od e ta i l so fg r av eo rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

1 5 . K ey s . x 2 . I r on . O ne w i th c oppe r a loy s u spen s ion r i ng , o ne w i th i r on . F ound n ea r k n ive s . 1 6 . S hea r s . O rgan ic ( wood? )p i ece a sf a s t ene r a c ro s sb l ade s . 1 7 . S poon . S i lve r , p e rf o ra ted b ow l . F ound ' a bou tc en t re o fb ody ' .* 1 8 . C ry s ta l b a l l . S i lve r -g i l t s u spen s ion l o op . B e tween t h igh s .* 1 9 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed . F ound n ea r ( 1 8 ) .* 2 0 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed . F ound n ea r ( 1 8 ) .* 2 1 . ' F e r ru l e ' . C oppe ra l loy . 2f r agmen t s . 2 2 . S i l ve r b i nd ing . F ragmen t s , w i th w ood r ema in s . 2 3 . S i l ve rw i re . 2 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy ,s h ie ld -on tongue . 2 5 . R ive t s . x 2 , b e l t r i ve t s . O ne c oppe r a loy , o ne s i lve r . 2 6 . C omb . B one , f r agmen t s . 2 7 . P in . C oppe ra loy . 2 8 . F o s s i l . P o l i shed . 2 9 . C o in s . x 2 . R oman , o ne o fA u r e l iu s .

I I . E xcava ted b e tween 1 863 -65 . J . B ren t . GRAVE I . A x i sW -E . G rave 1 .2 . 43m ,w .0 . 9 1m d .0 . 9 1m . 2s k e le ton s , o n s ame l e ve l , f e e t o fo ne t oh ead o fo t he r . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 . A x i sW -E . G rav ed i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . G rave g ood s : 1 .O xb one s . GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 0 . 97m , d . 1 . 2 1m . G rave p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . S k e le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . A tr i gh ts hou lde r .* 2 . S pea rf e r ru le . A tr i gh tf o o t . 3 . S wo rd . I n f r agmen t s , s c a t te r ed a r ound g r ave . 4 . S t ud s . x 4 . S i lve red , s h ie ld -f i t t ing s .

GRAVE 5 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave c a r ef u l ly m ade , w ide r a t s hou lde r s , n a r rowe r a t f o o t . L . 3 . 04m , w . 1 . 22m ,d .1 . 37m . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . E x tended s u p ine . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .G o ld b ra id A bove r i gh th and . 2 . R ing . S ma l l ,s i lve r . N ea r( 1 ) .* 3 . B rac tea te . . D type .* 4 . B rac tea t e . . D type .* 5 .B rac tea t e . . D type .* 6 . B rac tea te . . D type .* 7 .B rac tea t e . . D type .* 8 .B rac tea te . . D type .* 9 . B ead s . x 135+ . 1 33 a mbe r , 2l a rg e g l a s s p o lych rome , af ew ' p o r ce la in ' . F ound a r ound c en t re o fg r ave . O ne b ead w a s a t tached t oa p o r t ion o fw i re w h ich p a s sed t h rough l o op o f ( 1 0 )o r( 1 1) .* 1 0 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . F ound a mong s t b ead s . ( Aven tc o rpu sn o .4 2 ,c l a s s2 . 2 ) .* 1 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . F ound a mong s t b ead s . ( Aven tc o rpu sn o .4 3 ,c l a s s2 . 2 ) .* 1 2 . G la s sv e s se l . B e l lb eak e r . A th ead .* 1 3 . W ea v ing b a ton . B yl e f ts i de . 1 4 . K n if e . F ound n ea r( 1 2 ) . S hea th d eco ra t ed w i th c r i sc ro s sp a t te rn .

GRAVE 6 . A x i sW -E . G rave d .0 . 69m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . S ma l l , b l ack . F ound n ea r f e e t . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . O n l e f ts i de . B rok en . 3 . G am ing p iece s . x 45 -50 f o und , o r ig ina l n o . p r obab ly 6 0 . C i r cu la r i v o ry c oun t e r s . S ome c on ica l ,o t he r ss l igh t ly c onvex . F ound t o g e the r n ea rf o o to fg r ave .* 4 . S word L .0 . 94m . 5 . S pea rhead L .2 1cm . 6 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 7 . C o in . R oman ,b ronz eo f Magnen t iu s . 8 . R ive t s . 9 . K n if e . 1 0 . R ing . I r on . 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . S ma l l . GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . C lench b o l t s o r d oub le h ead ed r i ve t sm ay i n d ica t ec off in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 8 .

3 09

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . O ve rf a ce . 2 . S pea rhead A tl ef ts hou lde r . 3 . S word B yl ef ts i de . B roken . L .8 9cm . 4 . P o t tery v e s se l . Sma l l , b l ack , o rnamen ted w i th c i rc le ss u r round ing as t a r . A tl ef tf oo t . 5 . K n if e . F ragmen t .

2s ke le ton s , s i de b ys i de . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . P o r t ion o f . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s S -N? " An o b l ique g rave" . C lench b o l t s d own r i gh ts i de s ugge s tc off in . S ke le ton p re sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead B yl ef ts hou lde r . L .4 2cm . 2 . S pea rf er ru le . 3 . S word . O n l ef ts i de . L .8 9cm . 4 . K n if e . U nde rs wo rd . 5 . C lench b o l t s . D own r i gh ts i de .

GRAVE 9 . A x i sS -N? ( g rave " l y ing o b l ique ly" ) . N od e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l .

3 . B uck le . 4 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t . " S tamped" . GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s W-E . G rave 1 .u nde r 1 . 22m . C h i ld ,s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . S pea rhead . P a r to f .* 3 . S pea rf e r ru le .

GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave I .2 . 74m . 2s ke le ton s . 1 7A : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . 1 7B : C h i ld , s ex n o td e t e rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 2 . 2 . R ive t . Sma l l i r on r i ve t , e nd ing i nr i ng w i th i r on l o op t h rough i t . Wood a t tached . 3 . Mod e l a xe . C oppe r a l loy , b roken o f f a t h and le . L .2 6mm .*

GRAVE 1 . A x i s W-E . G rave 1 .2 . 74m . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .C i rcu la rp la te s . x 2 . I r on . 2 . K n if e . P a r to fw ooden h and le a dhe r ing . 3 . S pea rhead B yr i gh ts i de . 4 . S word B y l ef t s i de . G ood c ond i t ion , 1 . 9 1cm .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S word B y l ef ts i de . ' F ine ' , 1 .8 9cm . 2 . S pea rhead L . 1 9cm .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . A t r i gh tf oo t .* 2 . S word . L y ing a c ro s s g rave f r om l ef t t o r i gh t . 3 . S tud s o r n a i l s . x 4 . I r on ' s tud s o r b road h eaded n a i l s ' .

3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .

S pea rf er ru le . K n if e . ' La rge ' . S h ie ld -bo s s . ' Broken ' . P in . I r on .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . A tw a i s t . 2 . K ey s . 3 . K n if e . P a r to f . 4 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra l loy , ' sma l l ' . 5 . B ead s . x 14 . O paque g l a s s .*

•GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l tf ema le , " ve ry o ld . . .socke t s o ft e e th b e ing q u i te a b so rbed" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead B lue , ' po r ce la in ' . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 0 . A x is W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded .

r e co rded .

3 10

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra l loy ,s ma l l . B rok en a th ead . 2 . R ing . I r on . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . N ea r l e f ta nk le .* 4 . B ead Ambe r , l a rge ' .* 5 . B ead s . x 4 ,a me thy s t .* 6 . B ead s . ' S eve ra l ' ,g l a s s .*

8 . B a lance a nd s ca l e s . C oppe r a loy , w i th 1 9 w e igh t s . A tl e f tf o o t .* 9 . K n ive s . x 2 . L a rge k n if e( b lade 1 .2 3cm , o / a 1 .3 1cm ) a nd s ma l le r k n if e ( 1 . 1 5cm ) , t o g e the r i no ne w ooden s h ea th . 1 0 . C i rcu la rp la te . I r on . 1 . K n if e . 1 2 . S hea r s .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i ls o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . C oppe ra l loy a nnu la r .* 2 . B ead s . M in imum o f 1 0 . G la s s , d r awn b ead s ,m e lon b ead .*

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on . 3 . K ey s . x 2 . B rok en . 4 . B ead s . x 35 . G la s s .*

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . 2 . ' B r id l eb i t ' . ' Sma l l ' .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . P robab le c h i ld " f rom a ppea rance o ft e e th" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B ead s . x 5 . G la s s .* 3 . P endan t . G reen ," nau t i lu ss h aped" .

GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . ' Sma l l ' , b l ack , a tl e f ts i de .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . ' B roken ' .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . S ke le ton " . .a lmo s te n t i r e ly d ecayed . . ." . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . L .3 1cm . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B e tween f e e t .

GRAVE 2 5 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . C h i ld ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 3 2 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . I r on p iece . ' Sma l l ' . 3 . B ead s . G la s s , s ome d oub le , s ome o paque y e l low .* 4 . ' P endan t o rnamen t s ' . " Red a nd w h i te s t r ipe so fp ebb le o ro fb one" .*

GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 43m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 99m . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h i e ld -bo s s . N ea rs ku l l . 2 . S pea rhead T ol e f to fs ku l l . 3 . S pea rf e r ru l e . A tf e e t . 4 . B uck l e . ' P la ted ' . O nb r ea s t . 5 . P u r se -moun t . O nb r ea s t . 6 . K ey s . I r on . O nl ef ts i de . n 7 . P lane . I r on , w i th c oppe r a loy p l a te . O l e f ts i de .

GRAVE 3 a nd GRAVE 3 4 .

3 11

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . A x i s W-E? B o th g rave s d i s tu rbed . N o t r e co rded w h ich o ft h e se t wo g rave s t h e f i nd s l i s ted c ame f r om . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t tery v e s se l . F ragmen ta ry . 2 .K n if e . F ragmen ta ry . 3 . C lench b o l t s . 4 . B uck le . I r on ,b roken . 5 . T ag . C oppe ra l loy .

5 . S h ie ld -bo s s . A l so s h ie ld -f i t t ing s ; s t ud s , a nd " i ron b and s w h ich l e ad o u twa rd s t or im o f s h ie ld" . S o i l i mp r e s s ion o f s h ie ld -boa rd , d i ame te r4 6cm . 6 . S pea rhead T o l ef to fs ku l l . L .2 5cm .*? 7 . S pea rhead . T o l ef t o f s ku l l , s t and ing v e r t ica l ly u p r igh t .*? 8 . S wo rd O nr i gh t . 9 . C h i se L B y l ef ts hou lde r . 1 0 . A xe -head B y l ef t f oo t . B road b l ade , s ho r th and le .* G rave g ood s( 39B ) : 1 .S pearhead T o l ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S pea rf e r ru le . 3 . K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . ' Af ew , s ome d oub le s ' . 2 . R ing . I r on .

GRAVE 4 0 . A x is W -E . N od e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . 2s ke le ton s , s i de b ys i de . 4 0A : A du l t , p robab ly ma le . O n r i gh t s i de o f g rave . 4 0B : A du l t , p robab ly f ema le . O n l e f t s i de o f g rave . G rave g ood s( 40A ) : I .S pea rhead . N ea rs ku l l . 2 . S pea rhead N ea rs ku l l . 3 . S pea rf er ru le . N ea rs ku l l .

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s W-E . G rave h ad r e ce s s c u t i nc ha lk t o r e c ieve h ead . S ke le ton p re sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . B yr i gh tc heek . 2 . S pea rf er ru le . B yr i gh tc heek . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken ,b yr i gh ts hou lde r . 4 . R ive t so rt ag s . C oppe ra l loy ,s ma l l . 5 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . Sma l l , t r iangu la r p l a te .

GRAVE 4 1 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s . 2 . B ead s . ' A f ew ' .

GRAVE 3 7 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . N o b one s r e cove red ; " g rave a ppa ren t ly e mp ty" . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 2 . A x i s S -N? A n ' ob l ique ' g rave . N od e ta i l s o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . I r on f ragmen t .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . J uven i le o r y oung a du l t ( " a y ou th 's g r ave" ) . S ex n o td e term ined . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . S pea rf erru le . 3 . I r on p iece .

GRAVE 4 3 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I .H or se st e e th . F ound " nea rs u rf ace" .

GRAVE 3 9 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . 2s ke le ton s , o ne a bove t h eo t he r . 3 9A : A du l t , p robab ly ma le , d e sc r ibed a s' o ld ' m an . L owe rb u r ia l . 3 9B : Adu l t , p robab ly m a le . D e sc r ibed a so l d . " S tou t f r ame . S ho r t b u t l a rge b one s ." U ppe r b u r ia l . G rave g ood s ( 39A ) : 1 . B ucke t . Wooden , c oppe r a loy r im a nd or namen t . D iame te r2 8cm . A tr i gh tf oo t . 2 . K n if e . B lade n ea r ly 2 3cm l o ng . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s h ie ld -on tongue .*

( G rave s 4 4 -53 d e sc r ibed a s c on ta in ing " . .f ew r e l ic s , a l l u n impo r tan t , i n c lud ing a b rok en k n if e , ab ronze b uck le , ab ronze t a g , as ma l l t u bu la rp i ece o fb ronze" . ) . GRAVE 4 4 . A x i s W -E? N od e ta i ls r e co rded . GRAVE 4 5 . A x i s W -E? N o d e ta i l sr e co rded .

3 12

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W .

GRAVE 4 6 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . 2s ke le ton s , 1s ku l l l y ing i nc en t re o fg rave . N oo t he rd e ta i l sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 6 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rf e r ru le . ' Sma l l 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 4 7 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i l s r e co rded .

GRAVE 5 7 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S word . L .8 1cm . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . S pea rf er ru l e . 4 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 5 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . S i lve red s t ud s .

GRAVE 4 8 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i ls r e co rded . GRAVE 4 9 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . S i lve rf i nge rr i ng . 2 . B uck le . 3 . I r on l i nk

GRAVE 5 8 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , d e sc r ibed a s" aw oman 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey s . ' Ma s s ' o fb roken k ey s . 2 . K n if e . B roken . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s . x 2 , o ne p o s s ib ly ap u r se m oun t .

GRAVE 5 0 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i l sr e co rded . GRAVE 5 1 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i ls o fg r ave r e co rded . 2s ke le ton s . N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 5 9 . A x is W -E . G rave " i r regu la ra nd c r ooked" . No d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on . 3 . N a i lh ead C oppe ra l loy .

GRAVE 5 2 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i l sr e co rded . GRAVE 5 3 . A x i s W-E? No d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on . 2 . S pea rhead .

GRAVE 6 0 . A x i s W-E . G rave I .2 . 89m ,g rave d .1 . 37m . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . Sma l l , s h ie ld -on t ongue .* 2 . S pearhead* 3 . K n if e . 4 . G la s s v e s se l . C law -beake r . L y ing h o r izon ta l ly a t h ead , r im t owa rd s h ead o f g r ave . B roken .*

GRAVE 5 4 . A x i s W-E . N od e ta i l s o fg r ave r e co rded . P re sumed a du l t , s ke le ton ' w e l lp r e se rved ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . R im . C oppe r a l loy r im o f v e s se l ( c up m oun t? ) . B e tween f e e t .* 2 . S hea r s . C lo se t ot o e s . 3 . C o in . R oman . C lo se t ot o e s . 4 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy , h ead s e tw i th g a rne t .* 5 . K n if e . B roken . A c ro s s l owe rb ody . 6 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken . A c ro s s l owe rb ody . 7 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t s . P la ted . 8 . B uck le . I r on . 9 . S word P o in tb roken o f f . M in . 1 .8 4cm .

GRAVE 6 1 . A x is W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B roken . 2 . K ey . 3 . B ead

GRAVE 5 5 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . M in imum o f2 ,s ma l l g l a s s .*

GRAVE 6 2 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , a" ve ry o l dp e r son" .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on .

7 . B uck le . L a rge , t r iangu la r p l a te , s h ie ld -on t o ngue . G o ld p l a ted . S t y le H or namen ta t ion o n p l a te .*

GRAVE 6 3 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . ' Bug le ' b ead s , a nd af ew a mbe r .* 2 . P laque . F rom as t oup . 3 . B rooch . C oppe ra l loy d i sc .

GRAVE 6 9 . A x i s W -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry f ragmen t . GRAVE 7 0 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . L ay ' n ea rs u rf ace ' .* 2 . S pea rhead 3 . S tud s . x 3 , b road -headed , i r on . S h ie ld f i t t ing s?

GRAVE 6 4 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . A tf e e t . 2 . S tud s . ' T inned ' . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . 3 . S pea rhead .* 4 . K n if e . B roken . 5 . S word . B roken n ea rp o in t .

GRAVE 7 1 . A x is W -E . N o d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd L .6 8 .5cm . B lade ' v e ry s l ende r ' . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O ve rf a ce . 3 . S pea rhead B y l ef ts hou lde r . 4 . S pea rhead B yl ef ts hou lde r .

GRAVE 6 5 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . J uven i le /young a du l t? D e sc r ibed a s" p robab ly y ou th 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead Sma l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B lack , v e ry f r iab le . N ea r f oo to fg rave .

GRAVE 7 2 , GRAVE 7 3 , GRAVE 7 4 . No d e ta i l so fg rave s o rs ke le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .K n if e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . C omb f ragmen t . 4 . B uck le . I r on . 5 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken .

GRAVE 6 6 . A x is W -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 6 7 . A x is W-E . G rave 1 .2 . 40m , d .1 . 37m . P robab le j uven i le ," bone ss ugg e s t ag i r l" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . F ragmen t s . 2 . T ag . 3 . B ead s . x 3 .

GRAVE 7 5 . A x is W -E . N o d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . ' S eve ra l ' , i n c en t re . I n c lude s 2 a me thy s t s .*? 2 . B uck le s . x 2 , c oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . 3 . K ey s . 4 . P in . C oppe r a l loy , l o op a th ead , t i ny h ook a te nd .* 5 . K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 6 8 . A x i s W-E . G rave n ea r ly a sd eep a sg r ave 6 7 . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I .S word A tl ef th and . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken . O nr i gh ts i de .

GRAVE 7 6 . A x is W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I . B ead s . D i sco id , c y l ind r ica l , c on ica l ( s ing le a nd d oub le ) , p en tagona l a nd s phe r ica l . R ed , b l ue , b rown , g r een , y e l low . G la s s .* 2 . K ey s . B roken .

3 . B ucke tf i t t ing s . C oppe ra l loy r i b s . 4 . K n if e . 5 . T ag sa nd s t ud s . 6 . C omb f ragmen t . 3 c oppe r a loy p i n s i n ser ted a sr ep lacemen t sf o rb roken t e e th .*

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A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . 3 . K n if e .

3 . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a l loy , r i ng a nd d o t d eco ra t ion . L .7 . 5cm .* 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . N ea rc en t r e . 5 . S t ud s . 6 . K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 7 7 , GRAVE 7 8 , GRAVE 7 9 a nd GRAVE 8 0 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave so rs k e le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood s l i s t ed c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s . 2 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 8 7 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 3 . S tud .

GRAVE 8 1 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 74m , w . 1 . 52m , d . 1 . 82m . ' Deepe s t g r ave i nc eme te ry ' . G rav e p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . A th ead o fg r ave , b r oken . 2 . S pea rhead a nd f e r ru l e . A t h ead o fg r ave , b rok en . 3 .S h ie ld -g r ip . P a r to f . 4 . C lay f ragmen t . Y e l low , " s iz e o f aw a lnu t " . F ound o nb o t tom o fg r ave .

GRAVE 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave ' l a rge a nd d eep ' . ' F ew b one sp r e se rved ' . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ron ze b ow l . D iame te r3 2cm , d ep th 1cm . "Much w o rn , a nd o ne h and le d ef ic ien t " . H ad s t ood o nt h in c i rcu la rs t and . F ound a tf e e t . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . K n if e . 4 . S word R ing s wo rd , s i lve r c ocked -ha t p omme lw i th n i e l lo in lay . B lade b roken .*

GRAVE 8 2 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 8 9 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . K n if e . L a rg e . 4 . B uck l e . I r on . 5 . S pea rhead B a rbed h ead . L . 1 . 07m .

GRAVE 8 3 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . 2s k e le ton s . G rave g ood s : 1 .S t ud . C oppe ra loy . 2 . C o in s . x 2 , R oman . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 9 0 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . P robab le a du l t ," bone st o le rab ly p e r f ec t " . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . O nl ef t . 2 . R ing . I r on , c ha in l i nk? 3 . B ead s . Ambe r a nd g l a s s . F ound c l o se u nde rc h in .* 4 . B rac t ea te . D type .* 5 . G o ld b ra id A round s ku l l .*

GRAVE 8 4 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . S ke le ton ' i nd i sa r ray ' . G rav eg ood s : I .B ead . D oub le g l a s s .* GRAVE 8 5 . A x i sS -N? G rave d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .A n ima lb one s . ' S heep o rd ee r ' . 2 . K n if e . B roken . 3 . B rooch . C oppe r a loy , a nnu la r . D iame te r4 cm .*

GRAVE 9 1 . A x i sW -E . G rave p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . ' B roken ' . 2 . S wo rd p omme l . C oppe r a loy , c ock ed -ha t . T race so fr u n ic i n sc r ip t ion , i l eg ib le .*

R ibbed .

GRAVE 8 6 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd . A tl ef t . L .9 1 .5cm . 2 . S word -bead ? Sma l l p i ece o fa mbe r , n ea r k nee s .

GRAVE 9 2 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . C h i ld .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . ' B roken ' . 2 . B ead

1 . 2 . 3 . 4 .

GRAVE 9 3 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . N og rave g ood s .

K n if e . C lench b o l t s . B y l ef ts i de . C oppe ra l loy p iece . P robab ly b ox f i t t ing . L ea ther f ragmen t . T h ick , f ound u nde r( 3 ) .

GRAVE 1 00 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , b u r ia l " of aw oman" . N o g r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 9 4 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . " Bone sf u l lo fo i l , a si fl a te ly b u r ied" . G rave g ood s : 1 .C opper a l loy o b jec t . B ox f i t t ing?* 2 . C opper a l loy t ube . P e rf o ra ted . 3 . B ead s . Ambe r , l a rge q uan t i ty . A tc en t r e o f b re s t . 4 . B ead s . B lack ' b ug le s ' . Af ew a tc en t re o f

GRAVE 1 01 . A x i sW -E . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , b u r ia lo f" aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 2 . Ambe r . GRAVE 1 02 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , b u r ia l o f" aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . G la s s , y e l low . 2 . R ing s . x 2 . I r on .

b re s t . 5 . B rooch . D isc b rooch , g a r ne t s e t t ing i n c en t re . F ound a mong s tb ead s .* 6 . G o ld b ra id . 7 . F o s s i l . B e lemn i te , s ha rpened a to ne e nd .

GRAVE 1 03 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t tery v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . A t r i gh tf o o t .* 2 . S word . B roken . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 4 . P in . C oppe ra l loy .

8 . K ey . 9 . K n if e . GRAVE 9 5 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t ,d e sc r ibed a s aw oman 's g r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . F ragmen t s . 2 . K ey s . F ragmen t s .

GRAVE 1 04 . A x i s W -E . G rave v ery s ma l l . D i s tu rbed . N o d e ta i l s o fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . S wo rd h i l t . T op o f .

GRAVE 9 6 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l t ,d e sc r ibed a s aw oman 's g rave . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . F ragmen t s . 2 . K ey s . F ragmen t s . 3 . B ead s . x 10 . G la s s .*

GRAVE 1 05 , GRAVE 1 06 , GRAVE GRAVE 1 08 , GRAVE 1 09 . N od e ta i l s o fg rave s r e co rded . " A l l p robab ly w omen 's g rave s" . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .B ead s . 2 . K ey s . 3 . K n ive s . B roken . 4 . G la s sf ragmen t . Sma l l . 5 . B uck le . I r on . 6 . B uck le s . x 2 . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l .

GRAVE 9 7 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . C ruc if o rm , c oppe ra loy . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 9 8 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s .

G rave 1 08 : 1 .P o t ter yv e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le .* GRAVE 10 . A x i s W -E . G rave 0 . 45m d eep . C h i ld . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 9 9 . A x i s W-E . P o s s ib le c of in? N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s :

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1 07 ,

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . 1 .B ead s . x 3 . P o lych rome g l a s sw i th c r o s s ing t r a i l sa nd d o t si l u s t ra ted .* GRAVE 11 . A x i sW -E . C lench b o l t ss ugge s tc of f in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O ve rf a ce . 3 . K n if e . 4 . C l ench b o l t s .

GRAVE 18 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h i e ld -bo s s . O ve rf a ce . 2 . B ox f ragmen t s . Wooden . N ea rt h ec he s t . 3 . K ey s? " O ro t he r i r on i mp lemen t s" . B e s ide t h ec he s t . 4 . R ing s . x 3 . S i lve rw i r e . O ne i nf r agm en t s . N ea r( 3 ) .

GRAVE 12 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 19 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 13 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . L .2 8cm . 2 .S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 .K n if e . 4 . R im . C oppe ra loy , c up -moun t? 5 .S wo rd O nh i p .

GRAVE 1 20 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . T ee th o fa du l ta nd c h i ld f o und . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck . ' F e l lt op i ece s ' . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . O ne " l ik et h ec r o s s -p la te o f as h ie ld" . F ound i np o t . 3 . B ead s . 4 . B one p iece s . T r iangu la r ,p e rf o ra t ed .

GRAVE 14 . A x i sS -N? N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey s . F ragmen t s .

GRAVE 1 2 1 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . K ey .

GRAVE 15 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . B e tw een f e e t . L a rg e , f r agmen ted . I n comp le te . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . B e tween f e e t . S qua tj a r .* 3 . K ey s . 2c oppe r a l loy , 1i r on . C o r roded t o g e the r .* 4 . B ead s . G la s s . B enea th s ku l l .* 5 . P endan t s . x 2 , p a i r o f d r op shaped s i lve r p endan t s . F ound a mong s tb ead s .* 6 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . O n b r ea s t . ( Aven t c o rpu sn o . 1 42 ,u nc la s s if i ed ) .* 7 .A n ima lb one . C a rn ivo r e .

GRAVE 1 22 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 1 23 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . T ee th s ugge s tc h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey s . 2 . B ead s . x 3 . 3 . Mo the ro fp e a r l . Sma l l p i ece . 4 . K n if e . B roken . 5 . R ing . B roken . 6 . P endan t . Sma l l ,j ewe l led .* 7 . P in . S i lve r . 8 . T ex t i le f ragmen t .

GRAVE 16 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 24 a nd GRAVE 1 25 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave sr e co rded . " P robab ly g r ave so fw omen" . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck , ' d ecayed ' .

GRAVE 17 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . 2 . K n if e . 3 . C i rcu la rs t one . P u rp le . 4 . B ead s . x 2 , a me thy s t s .

2 . S pea rhead . Sma l l . 3 . K n if e . B roken . 4 . S tud h ead s . x 2 . I r on .

GRAVE 1 26 . A x i sW -E . G rave w . 0 . 45m . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . D iamond shaped .*

GRAVE 1 33 . A x is W -E . No d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . C h i ld . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 34 . A x i s W -E . C lench b o l t ss ugge s tc off in . 2 s ke le ton s , o ne a bove t h e o t he r , n ea r ly t ouch ing . 1 34A : L owe rs ke le ton . 1 34B : A du l t , " p robab ly w oman" . U ppe r b u r ia l . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s sf ragmen t . Sma l l , w i th 1 34A . 2 . C lench b o l t s . A t h ead o fg rave a nd d own l ef ts i de , s ome o n ly 4 6cm f r om g round s u rf ace .

GRAVE 1 27 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . I r on ,p a r to f . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . GRAVE 1 28 . A x i sE - W? G rave d i s tu rbed . 3s ke le ton s . " 3 s ku l ls i nj ux tapo s i t ion n ea r l owe re nd o fg rave" . B one sd i s tu rbed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B ead s . x 5 . 2a me thy s t , 2b one , 1b l ue g l a s s . 3 . P o t tery s herd . F ragmen to fS am ian .

GRAVE 1 35 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . L ong . 2 . R ive t s . I r on . 3 . T oo l / kn if e . I r on .

GRAVE 1 29 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . C h i ld ," a ss hown b yt h e m i lk mo la rt e e th" . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l . B lack ,s ma l l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 36 . A x i s W -E . G rave I . 3 . 35m , P robab ly d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t s he rd . R ed . R e s idua l?

GRAVE 1 30 . A x i s W-E . T h i s g rave a nd t h o se n ea r i th ad d i s tu rbed R oman p i t s a nd b u r ia l s , a nd w ha t m ay h ave b een a n I r on A ge m idden p i t . A du l t ," aw oman 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 . C oppe r a l loy o rnamen t . P o r t ion o f . P robab ly R oman .* 2 . B uck le . I r on . Me rov ing ian ' r ounded p l aque ' b uck le f r agmen t .*

w .

0 . 76m .

GRAVE 1 37 . A x is W -E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . F emu r a nd c omb ined m ea su remen t=94cm . N o g rave g ood s .

t i b ia

GRAVE 1 38 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . T or i gh to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . F ragmen t . 3 . S cabba rd c hape . C oppe r a loy , f r om s wo rd? W i th l e a the rf r agmen ta t tached .*

3 . I r on f ragmen t s . 4 . P o t te ry s he rd s am ian? GRAVE 1 31 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 39 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton

GRAVE 1 32 . k e le ton A x i s W-E . No d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s r e co rded .

r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .C opper a l loy a nd i r on f ragmen t s .

G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken .

GRAVE 1 40 .

3 18

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .C oppe ra l loy a nd i r on f ragmen t s . 2 . B rooch -head ed p in .*

A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead L .3 2cm .* 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 4 1 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . J uv en i le ," ag i r l 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead Ame thy s t . 2 . P o t te ry f ragmen t .

( GRAVE 1 54 a nd GRAVE 1 55 ) . B o th g r av e sd i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .P in . B roken . 2 . B ead . Ambe r . 3 . C oppe ra l loy a nd i r on f ragmen t s .

GRAVE 1 42 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . P o r t ion o fl owe rj aw b one o n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead L a rge .* 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 4 . P o ts herd R ed . R e s idua l?

GRAVE 1 56 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . O n l e f ts i de o fh ead .* 2 . S wo rd B lade l e ng th 6 7cm . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . O ve rf a ce . 4 . S pea rhead*

"Mo s t o f t h e g r ave s i nt h i s p a r t o f t h e f i e ld d i s tu rbed" .

GRAVE 1 57 . A x i s S -N? N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown j ug , l a in o n s i de ,t ol e f to fh ead .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra loy . 3 . S pea rhead 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e .

( GRAVE 1 4 3 , GRAVE 1 4 4 , GRAVE 1 45 , GRAVE 1 46 a nd GRAVE 1 4 7 ) . N od e ta i l so fg r ave so rs k e le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood sl i s ted c o l lec t iv e ly : 1 .K n ive s . x 2 . Sma l l . 2 . B ead B roken . 3 . S pea rhead 4 . T oo l . I r on .

GRAVE 1 58 . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 24 . Ambe r . 2 . L oop . I r on . 3 . B rooch . K en t i sh d i sc . ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 1 9 , c l a s s 1 . 2 ) .* 4 . B e ze lo rb rooch . Q ua t r ef o i l .*

GRAVE 1 48 . A x i s E -W . " Oppo s i te d i r ec t ion t o n ea r ly a l t h eo t he r s" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . D i sc b rooch s e tw i th g a rne tc e l l s .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . S h ie ld -on tongue .* 3 . B ead Me lon , l a rge . 4 . S t rap -d i s t r ibu to r . C oppe r a loy , o pen w o rk .*

GRAVE 1 59 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B o l t . I r on . 2 . K ey s . 3 . K n if e . 4 . K n if e . 5 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . S ma l l . 6 . B rooch . S qua r e -headed , g a rne t in la id . E dgeway sb yl e f ts i de .*

GRAVE 1 49 , GRAVE 1 50 a nd GRAVE 1 5 1 . G rave s" p robab ly d i s tu rbed " . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood sl i s ted c o l lec t iv e ly : 1 .K n if e . 2 . I r on f ragmen t . GRAVE 1 52 . A x i s W-E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . 2s k e le ton s . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 1 60 a nd GRAVE 1 6 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave so rs k e le ton sr e co rded .

GRAVE 1 53 .

3 19

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .S word . F ragmen t s . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s .

1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck . "Much d ecayed , n o t p re se rved" . 2 . K n if e . B roken . 3 . I r on f ragmen t .

GRAVE 1 62 . A x i sW -E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . D isc . 2 . B ead s . x 6 . 3a me thy s t , 3g l a s s . 3 . G la s sf ragmen t . B lue .

GRAVE 1 73 . A x is W -E . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , aw oman 's g rave . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . Ame thy s ta nd g la s s . 2 . K ey s . 3 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t s .

( GRAVE 1 63 , GRAVE 1 64 a nd GRAVE 1 65 ) . No d e ta i l so fg rave so rs ke le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 1 74 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t , aw oman 's g rave . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . I v o ry , s ma l l .* 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . 3 . C omb . B one . P a r t so f . 4 . C omb . B one , h i nged . P a r t s o f .

GRAVE 1 66 . A x i sW -E . No d e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . C ha in l i nk 3 . K ey . B roken . 4 . I vory r i ng . F ragmen t s , p e rf o ra ted .* 5 . B one d i sc . 6 . B ead s . ' A f ew ' . S ome b l ue g l a s s ( s ome d oub le s ) , 1l a rge m e lon .

GRAVE 1 75 . A x is W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . No g rave g ood s . ( GRAVE 1 76 a nd GRAVE 1 77 ) . No d e ta i l so fg rave s r e co rded . B o th c h i ld r en 's g rave s . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t . 2 . B ead s . G la s s . V e ry s ma l l .

GRAVE 1 67 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on . 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 78 . A x i s W -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . A du l t ," aw oman 's g rave" . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 68 . A x is W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown j ug . A t l e f t

GRAVE 1 79 . A x i s S -N? " Ob l ique g r ave" . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tt h e f e e t .

f oo t . 4 . G la s sv e s se l . C law b eake r( Ev i son t y pe 5 ) . N ea r( 3 ) .*

GRAVE 1 80 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ong , n a r row . 2 . S pea rhead . B ind ing a round s ocke t .

GRAVE 1 69 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l s o fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey . B yl ef ts i de . L .2 0cm . 2 . K n if e . J u s ta bove ( 1 ) .

GRAVE 1 8 1 . C rema t ion ," p robab ly . . .Roman" . No d e ta i l so fb one sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry u rn . ' Rema in s o f ' 2 . P o ts he rd s . R oman .

( GRAVE 1 70 , GRAVE 1 7 1 a nd GRAVE 1 72 ) . No d e ta i l so fg rave so rs ke le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly :

3 20

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . 3 . P i ece o fc l ay . L a rge , u nbak ed . I nc en t r eo f f l oo ro fg rave . 4 . A n ima l b one s . S heep , a nd c an ine j aw . N ea r( 3 ) .

1 .B ead s . 4 5 , i n c lud ing 1a me thy s t .* 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . S ma l l . GRAVE 1 89 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : t and ing v er t ica l ly , o n l e f t 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S s i de . 2 . S wo rd 3 . K n if e . 4 . S pea rhead

GRAVE 1 82 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r av er e co rded . A du l t ," po s s ib ly aw oman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing . C oppe ra loy . 2 .K ey s . I r on . Sma l l . B rok en . GRAVE 1 83 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey s . B roken a nd c o r roded .

GRAVE 1 90 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd . B y l e f ts i de . B lade 1 .7 6cm . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . F rac tu r ed . N ea rf o o t . 3 . S pea rhead .* 4 . K n if e . 5 . K n if e . 6 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . T r iangu la rp l a t e .* 7 . B o l t -head I r on .

GRAVE 1 84 . N or e co rd . GRAVE 1 85 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th t r i angu la r p l a t e .* 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . K n if e . 4 . S h i e ld -bo s s . O ne dge ,b yl e f ts hou lde r . 5 .S pea rhead U nde r( 4 ) .

( GRAVE 1 9 1 , GRAVE 1 92 , GRAVE 1 9 3 , GRAVE 1 94 , GRAVE 1 95 , GRAVE 1 96 a nd GRAVE 1 97 ) . G rave s 1 94 a nd 1 96 d i s tu rbed , w i th b one s d i sp laced . G rave 1 96 ad oub le b u r ia l . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .C oppe ra l loy ' p la t ing s ' . 2 . K n ive s . x 2 ,b roken .

GRAVE 1 86 . A x i sS -N? G rave s ma l l ," ob l ique" . D i s tu rbed . B one sd i sp la ced . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . I r on . 2 . ' R e s in s ub s tance ' .

GRAVE 1 98 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 1 . 2 1m . L ow e r e nd d i s tu rbed . A t f o o t o f g r ave w a s as ma l l h o le c on ta in ing h uman b one s , a s w e l l a s t h e g am ing c oun te r s a nd d i ce ( 1 ) . G rave s i t ua t ed " nea rt h et ur np ike g a te o nt h eR am sga t er o ad" . G rave g ood s : 1 . C oun t e r s a nd d i ce . c .4 0 i v o ry o r b one g am ing c oun te r s , a nd 2d i ce . I nh o le a tf o o to f g r ave .* 2 . S tud -head s . x 2 ,g i l t . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . 4 . B uck l e . I r on . 5 . S pea rhead 6 . S pea rhead

GRAVE 1 87 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ox f i t t ing s . C y l ind r ica l c oppe r a loy f r agmen t s . Wood a dhe r ing . 2 .S p r ing . S ma l l . 3 . T ag s . C oppe ra l loy . 4 . K ey s . F ragmen t s . B yl e f ts i de . 5 .K n if e . Sma l l ,b roken . 6 . G i rd l e -hang e r . C oppe r a loy . S u spended f r om g i rd le ,k ey sa tl ow e re nd .*

GRAVE 1 99 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B roken . 2 . K ey .

GRAVE 1 88 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r av er e co rded . 2s k e le ton s . 1 88A : A du l t ," woman?" . 1 88B : C h i ld ," by t e e th " . G r ave g ood s :

GRAVE 2 00 .

3 2 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . A x i s W-E . G rave " deep a nd w ide" . F oo t o f g rave h ad c u t t h rough e a r l ie r g rave ; af emu r p ro t ruded f r om ac u ti nt h es i de o fg rave 2 00 . No d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead B e s ide s ku l l . 2 . S pea rhead O n o ppo s i te s i de o fs ku l l f r om ( 1 ) . 3 . S pea rhead W i th ( 2 ) . 4 . C opper a l loy f ragmen t s . 5 . N a i l s . B road -headed . 6 . S tap l e s . I r on . A tf e e t .

G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken . N ea rs hou lde r . 2 . S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 3 . S pea rf er ru le . T or i gh to fs ku l l . 4 . S ear? B lade 1 .2 3cm . 5 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . l ef tf o o t .* 6 . S he l l . F ragmen to fm u s se l .

B y

GRAVE 2 08 . A x i s W -E . C lench -bo l t s s ugge s tc off in . N o d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .C lench -bo l t s . I nr ow d own s i de o fg r ave . 2 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . I r on . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . Sma l l . 5 . S he l l s . O y s te r s ," some u nopened" .

GRAVE 2 0 1 . A x is W-E . G rave d i s tu rbed . B one sd i sp laced . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 2 02 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . P robab le j uven i le ; " t ee th s ugge s t c h i ld o r y ou th" . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown p o t te ry b o t t le . A tl ef tf oo t .* 2 . ' R e s in s ub s tance ' .

GRAVE 2 09 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . 2 . R ing . I r on , p a r to f . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B uck le . I r on , s ma l l . 5 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . A t f e e t .*

GRAVE 2 03 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey . F ragmen t . 2 . C opper a l loy f ragmen t .

GRAVE 2 10 . A x i s W -E . G rave ' sma l l ' . 2b od ie s? 2 10a : J uven i le? " A g i r l 's g rave" . 2 10b : A no the rc h i ld 's t e e th . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . I n c lud ing 1d rawn c y l inde ro fw h i te g l a s s .* 2 . R ing . W i re . 3 . K ey s . I r on , ' r u s ted m a s s ' . 4 . R ive t . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . B rooch . K en t ish d i sc . ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 9 9 , c l a s s 3 . 3 ) .*

GRAVE 2 04 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . A du l t ," aw oman" . G rave g ood s : 1 . T u sk s . 2c a rved p i ece so fw a lru st u sk . 2 . B ead s . N ea rn eck . 3 . L ock . I r on , f r agmen t s . GRAVE 2 05 . A x i sW -E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L .7 cm . B y l ef ts hou lde r .

GRAVE 2 11 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S wo rd . L . 8 9cm . V e ry g ood c ond i t ion . " F rom c en t re h igh u p b y t h e s ku l l , i n c l ined t o t h er i gh t" . 2 . S pea rhead B e low s wo rd . 3 . S pea rhead B e low s wo rd .* 4 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . L y ing o ns i de ,n ea rc en t re o fg rave .* 5 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 6 . P in . B one o ri v o ry .

GRAVE 2 06 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K ey s . x 2 , i r on . 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . L a rge . GRAVE 2 07 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded .

3 22

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . 7 .P y ram id s tud .* 8 .K n if e . N ea rf e e t . 9 .S h ie ld -bo s s . N ea rf e e t .

GRAVE 2 20 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s sv e s se l . S qua tj a r . N ea rf e e t . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . S qua tj a r . N ea r f e e t , c l o se t o ( 1 ) . 3 . S t ud -head s . C i r cu la r , 1s i lve r , 1c oppe r a loy . 4 . K ey s . I r on . 5 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy , l a rg e . 6 . B ead s . A pp rox . 3 0 . G la s sa nd a me thy s t .* 7 . P u r se -moun t . I r on . 8 . K n if e . B rok en . 9 . B o l t . I r on .

GRAVE 2 12 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S hea r s . S ma l l . W i th r ema in s o fw ooden s h ea th . 2 . K ey . P a r to f . GRAVE 2 13 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . N ea rs hou lde r . 2 .S pea rhead . 3 .B uck l e . F ragmen to f .

GRAVE 2 2 1 , GRAVE 2 22 , GRAVE 2 23 a nd GRAVE 2 24 . N od e ta i l s o fg r ave sr e co rded . O n ly t e e th s u rv ived i n g r ave 2 23 ; p r obab le c h i ld . N o d e ta i l s o fs k e le ton s i ng r ave s 2 2 1 , 2 22 ,2 24 r e co rded . G rav eg ood s l i s ted c o l lec t iv e ly : 1 .K n if e . B roken . 2 . K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 2 14 . A x i sW -E . P robab le c off in ;" ev idence o fw ood d own e a ch s i de o fg r ave" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra loy . 2 . K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 2 25 . A x i s W -E . " Decayed v eg e tab le f i b r e" o n b o t tom o fg r ave . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead . Ame thy s t . 2 . K n if e . B roken . 3 . B o l t . " S l id ing b o l to fs ma l l l o ck" .

GRAVE 2 15 . A x i s W -E . G rave " ve ry d eep" . T ra ce s o f w ood d own e a ch s i de o f g r av e i n d ica t e p r obab le c of i n . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . P ouch b o t t le . N ea r h i p . B rok en . 2 . G la s s v e s se l . P ouch b o t t le . N ea r h i p . B roken .

GRAVE 2 26 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B rok en . 2 . C o in s . x 2 , s c ea t ta s . C o r roded t o g e the r .

GRAVE 2 16 , GRAVE 2 18 a nd GRAVE 2 19 . N o d e ta i ls o f g r ave s 2 16 o r 2 19 r e co rded . G r ave 2 18 " equa l ly a sl o ng a s2 17" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood sl i s t ed c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 27 . N or e co rd . GRAVE 2 28 . A x i s W -E . G rave p robab ly d i s tu rbed ; c on ta ined l a ye r o fm o r ta r o rc emen t . P o s s ib ly =g r ave e xcava ted b y P e rk in s ( # 35 ) , c u t b y 1 4 th c en tu ry p o s t -m i l lf o unda t ion? N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s( a l lp o s s ib ly r e s idua l ) : 1 .P o ts herd s . R oman? 2 . S he l l s . Mu s se l sa nd o y s t e r s . 3 . B one s . ' S ca t t e r ed '.

GRAVE 2 17 . A x i s W -E . G rave r e gu la r ly c u t , w ide r a t s hou ld e r s , n a r rowe r a t f o o t . L . 2 . 74m , w . 1 . 2 1m , d .1 . 67m . C of f ined ; t wo p l ank s s e t o n e dg e d own l e ng th o f g r av e , c . 3 0cm h i gh , 2 . 5cm t h ick . 1 0cm s qua r ew ood p ane l s a th ead a nd f o o t . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . S ma l l .

GRAVE 2 29 .

3 23

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . B ead s . ' Af ew ' .

N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .C lamp so rr i ve t s . x 2 , i r on . 2 . K n if e . B rok en . GRAVE 2 36 . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rd ed . A" woman o rg i r l 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . B ead s . x 4 .

GRAVE 2 30 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t t ery v e s se l .* 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . S pea rhead . 4 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . S t ud s . 5 . S h i e ld -bo s s . 6 . K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 2 37 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead V er t ica l ly p l a ced i nu ppe rs o i l . 2 . K n if e . ' Long ' . 3 .S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken . 4 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . S t ud s . 5 . B uck l e . I r on .

GRAVE 2 31 . A x i sW -E . C lench -bo l t ss ugg e s tc off in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . A t f e e t .* 2 . S pea rhead . 3 . C lench -bo l t s . x 16 , 8d own e a ch s i d e o f g r ave .

GRAVE 2 38 . A x i s W -E . B r en t s ugg e s ted t h a tt h i s m ay h av e b een ad oub le b u r ia l , b u t t h e p o s i t ion o f t h e s p ea rhead i mp l ie s t h e d i s tu rbance o f am a le b u r ia lb y al a te rf ema le o ne . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton / sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead V e r t ica l ly p l aced i nu ppe rs o i l . 2 . B ead s . x 3 . 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . Sma l l . 4 . R ive t s . I r on . 5 . I r on o b jec t . L . 1 65mm .* 6 . S he l l . C ow r ie . 7 . S he l l s . Mu s se ls h e l l s ,b roken . 8 . G la s sf ragmen t . D eep v i o le tc o lou r . 9 . C ha in p i ece s . I r on . I nb u rn tb ox . 1 0 . R ing s . C oppe ra l loy . I nb u rn tb ox .

GRAVE 2 32 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra loy ,r e c tangu la rp l a t e .* GRAVE 2 33 . A x i s W -E . " T race s o fc off in" . G rave p o s s ib ly d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead I nu ppe rs o i l . 2 . S pea rhead I nu ppe rs o i l . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . I nu ppe rs o i l . 4 . R ive to rc l amp . I r on . 5 . B e l t -f l x 3 , r e c tangu la r b e l t -p la t e s w i th S t y le I d eco ra t ion . L ea the r a nd w ood f r agmen t sa t tached .* 6 . C h i se l . I r on .* 7 . K n if e . 8 .S t ud C oppe ra loy . 9 . ' O rnamen t ' . C o r roded m e ta l w i th t h in e dg ing so fg o ld .

GRAVE 2 39 . A x i s W -E . G rave i regu la r , v e ry l o ng . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . Sma l l . 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 3 . W oodf ragmen t s . S t a ined w i th i r on . GRAVE 2 40 . A x i s W -E . G rave c on ta ined " bu rn to rd ecay ed w ood i nq uan t i ty" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead B y l e f t s hou lde r . V e r t ica l ly p l aced . 2 . K n if e . L a rg e .

GRAVE 2 34 . A x i sW -E . G rave i regu la r , a nd d eep . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 35 . A x i sW -E . " T race so fb u rn tw ood " .

3 24

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e s S -W . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . p r e se rved .

B la ck .

T oo f r ag i le t ob e

3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 .

GRAVE 2 4 1 , GRAVE 2 42 a nd GRAVE 2 43 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave so rs k e le ton sr e co rded . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t iv e ly : 1 .R ing . I r on . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . S ma l l . 3 .K n if e .

S h ie ld -bo s s . B rok en . S wo rd I ns c abba rd . S pea rhead S pea rhead K n if e .

GRAVE 2 51 . A x i s W -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

GRAVE 2 44 . A x i s W -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . ` C i se a th ead o f g r ave . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . S tud s . 2 . F ragmen t s . C oppe ra loy a nd i r on . 3 . I r on p i ece . F l a t w i th 2 f l a t t ened c i r cu la r k nob s . 4 . S pea rhead . I nc i s ta th ead o fg r ave .

GRAVE 2 52 . A x i s W -E . T race s o f w ood d own s i de o f g r ave . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 2 53 . A x i s W -E . G rave i regu la r , h ead o f g r av e 3 0 .5cm h i ghe rt h an f o o t . A du l t ," s ke le ton l a rge" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . L ong . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . S he l l s . Mu s se l s . 4 . P o ts he rd s . ` Unbaked ' . 5 . T ee th . O fs h eep a nd o xen .

GRAVE 2 45 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i l s o f g r ave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . S ma l l . 2 . C l ench -bo l t s . A tf e e t . GRAVE 2 46 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . " Ch i ld 's g r ave" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 54 . A x i s S -N? " Ob l ique g r ave" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t .

GRAVE 2 47 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . " Ch i ld 's g r ave" . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 55 . A x i s W -E . G rave " on ly s e pa ra ted f r om a no the r b y n a r row r i dg e o f c ha lk " . C lench b o l t ss ugge s tc of in , o rp e rhap sb oa t . " Shou lde rb l ade a nd a rm b one a bove s ku l l" . G rave g ood s : 1 . C l ench -bo l t s . x 80 , i r on . A t ta ched t ow ood 7 . 5cm t h ick . O n b o th s i de so fg r av e .

GRAVE 2 48 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rd ed . A du l t ," woman 's g r ave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . R ing . C oppe rw i re . A round l e f ta rm . 3 . K ey . I r on . N ea r( 2 ) .

GRAVE 2 56 . A x i s W -E . A" sma l l a nd c on t ra c ted g r ave" . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd B yl ef ts i d e . B lade 7 6cm b y6 . 5cm . C oppe ra loy p omme l . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . R ing . C oppe ra loy . Sma l l . A tf e e t .

GRAVE 2 49 . A x i sW -E . G rave d i s tu rbed . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 2 50 . A x i s W-E . G rave h ad ' r ece s s ' a tf e e t . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . R ed . L y ing o n s i de , i n r e ce s sa tf e e t . 2 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 3 ,s t ud s .

GRAVE 2 57 . A x i sW -E . G rave s ma l l . C h i ld? N og r ave g ood s .

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A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . GRAVE 2 58 . A x i s W -E . G rave s ma l l .

4 . B ucke t-r im . C oppe ra l loy . A tf e e t .

C h i ld? N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 65 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . Sma l l , a tf e e t . 2 . K ey . L a rge , i nc en t r e . 3 . H ook a nd K ey s . C o r roded .

GRAVE 2 59 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S tud C oppe ra l loy . A tf e e t . 2 . N a i l s . I r on . A tf e e t . 3 . C ruc ib le? I r on , c on ta in ing m e l ted b ronze . A tk nee .* 4 . H one . N ea r( 3 ) . 5 . C lench -b o l t . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 .

S tap le . K n if e . K n if e . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 66 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . C h i ld . N o g rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 67 . A x i s W -E . N o d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . 2s ke le ton s . 2 67A : A du l t , s ex n o td e term ined . 2 67B : C h i ld , s ex n o td e term ined . N o g rave g ood s .

I r on . B roken . B roken . B roken .

GRAVE 2 60 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . 2s ke le ton s . 2 60A : A du l t , s ex n o td e te rm ined . 2 60B : C h i ld , s ex n o td e te rm ined . G rave g ood s ( 260A ) : 1 .B ead s . x 26 . 4d rawn g l a s sc y l inde r s , " mo s t o fr e s t" a mbe r . F ound n ea rn eck .* 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . N ea rf e e t . 3 . G la s sf ragmen t . G reen . N ea rf e e t . G rave g ood s( 260B ) : 4 . R ing . S i lve rw i re , ' m inu te ' ,b e tween k nee s . 5 . B rooch . D i sc b rooch . B e s ide ( 4 ) .* 6 . B rooch . D i sc /bu t ton? b rooch . T ex t i le a t tached . N ea rh ead .* 7 . B rooch . F ragmen t( f oo tp l a te? ) .*

GRAVE 2 68 . A x i s W -E . " Long , d eep g rave" . A du l t ," woman 's g rave" . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 4 . GRAVE 2 69 . A x i s W-E . N o d e ta i ls o f g rave o r s k e le ton r e co rded . N o g r ave g oods . GRAVE 2 70 . A x i s W -E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . N o g r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 61 a nd GRAVE 2 62 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i ls o fg rave sr e co rded . "Women 's g rave s" . G rave g ood s l i s ted c o l lec t ive ly : 1 .K n ive s . F ragmen t so f . 2 . K ey s . F ragmen t s . 3 . B ead s . x 2 . B lue g l a s s .

GRAVE 2 7 1 . A x i s W -E . P robab ly 2 g rave s , o ne d i s tu rbed . N ea r t h e s u rf ace w e re h uman b one s , ah o r se 's j aw b one a nd a n i r on s naf f le b i t . B e low w a sa n" en t i re h uman s ke le ton" . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . B roken .

GRAVE 2 63 . A x i s W-E . No d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I .S pea rhead*

GRAVE 2 72 . A x i s W -E . G rave s ma l l . N o d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 64 . A x i s W-E . N o d e ta i l s o f g rave o r s k e le ton

I V . E xcava ted 1 982 . D .R .J .P erk in s .

r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S word L .8 6cm . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . B roken .

GRAVE 2 73 . A x i s 8 0 ° . G rave d i s tu rbed a nd p l ough d amaged . L . 1 . 95m , w . 0 . 85m , d .0 . 35m . 2b u r ia l s . 2 73A : A du l t .

3 26

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . 2 73B : ? G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on f ragmen t s . 2 . P o ts he rd s .

1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . f e e t* 2 . C hä t e la ine . R ing w i th 2 k ey s . I r on . w a i s t / th igh?* 3 . K n if e . A tw a i s t / th igh?*

GRAVE 2 74 . A x i s8 0 ° . G rave 1 .1 . 80m ,w . 0 . 62m ,d .0 . 22m . Y oung a du l tf ema le . G rav eg ood s : 1 .R ing . S i lve r . 2 . P endan t . S i lve ra nd g l a s s . 3 . G la s sf ragmen t s . F rom 3v e s se l s . 4 . B ead s .

V . R e scue e xcava t ion 1 990 . P erk in s .

A t A t

GRAVE 2 78 ( # 5 ) . A x i s 10 ° . G rave i regu la r i np l an , b u tv e r t ica l s i de s . L .1 . 65m ,w . 0 . 86m , d .0 . 67m . J uven i le , s e xn o td e te rm ined , a g ed c .3 5 y ea r s . T ee th o n ly s u rv ived . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A ta pp rox ima te ly r i gh tw a i s t .* 2 . B ead s . x 25 . G la s s . A round t o r so a r ea .*

D .R .J .

GRAVE 2 79 ( # 6 ) . A x i s 1 25° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th r ounded c or n e r s , s i de s v er t ica l . L .2 . 40m , w . 1 . 20m , d . 0 . 98m . D i s tu rbed i n a n t iqu i ty . B one s a nd g r ave g ood ss c a t te red i nf i l l . 4s k e le ton s? B one sf r om a tl e a s t 4i n d iv idua l s . 2 79A : A du l t , p o s s ib ly f ema le . Two l o ng b one so n ly . S t a tu re c .1 . 568m . 2 79B : J uven i le , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . F emu r a nd t i b ia . 2 79C : C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . S haf t a nd n eck o ff emu ro n ly . 2 79D : A du l t , s e xn o td e term ined . 2f r agmen t s o ff emu r s . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .* 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e .*

GRAVE # 1 . A x i s 2 80 °? G rave 1 .3 . 00m , w . 1 . 12m , d . 0 . 45m . D i s tu rbed , p robab ly ag r ave e xcava t ed b yB r en t . O n ly 2l o ng b one sa tw e s te nd o fg r ave . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed . GRAVE 2 75 ( # 2 ) . A x i s 1 07 ° . G rave i regu la r , b ow l shaped s e c t ion , 1 .2 . 62m , w . 1 . 10m , d .0 . 20m . P l ough d amage a t h ead e nd . F i l l o f b r own l o am , p o s s ib le c of in l i d . A du l t m a le , a ged c .2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine . O n ly l e g b one s i n ta c t , o t he r b one s p r e sen ta st r a ce s . S t a tu r ec .1 . 58m . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . B lade b rok en , e nd o f h and le m i s s ing . T or i gh to fl owe ra bdomen .* 2 . S wo rd A t ta chmen tf o rr i ng o nh i l t . T o l e f t o ft o r so , e l eva ted a bove s k e le ta l r ema in s ( h ad p o s s ib ly b een l a id o n ac off in l i d? ) .* 3 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . F r agmen ta ry .

GRAVE 2 80 ( # 7 ) . A x i s 10 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th w e l l -cu t v e r t ica ls i de s . L . 1 . 80m ,w . 0 . 60m , d .0 . 35m . C h i ld , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . L ong b one f r agmen t so n ly . A ppa ren t ly e x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead S t and ing o n s o cke ta pp rox . 1 0 ° f r om v e r t ica l , a th ead o fg r ave .* 2 . K n if e . A tw a i s t , p o in tt owa rd s NW .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on , l o op o n ly . A tr i gh tw a i s t .*

GRAVE 2 76 ( # 3 ) . A x i s 15 ° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , w i th e x t e rna lp o s tho le a te ach c o rne r( s t r uc tu r ec l a s s I , a ,2 ) . L . 2 . 40m , w . 0 . 88m , d . 0 . 57m . D i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . A ge a nd s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ku l l a nd l o ng b one f r agmen t sa tw e s te nd o fg r ave . G rave g ood s : 1 .S t rap -end s . x 2 . C oppe ra loy . 2 . B one f ragmen t s . Wo rk ed , p e rhap s f r om c omb .

GRAVE # 8 . A x i s W -E? P l anned b u tn o te xcava t ed . GRAVE # 9 . A x i s W -E? P l anned b u tn o te xcava t ed . GRAVE 2 8 1 ( # 10 ) . A x i s 15° . G rave s ub r ec tangu la r , w i th i n te rna l s h e lf c u t i n to s i de s a nd h ead -end t o d ep th o f 0 . 29m ( s t ruc tu r e c l a s s I , b ,5 ) . L . 2 . 70m , w . 1 . 0m , d . 0 . 55m . D i s tu rbed i n a n t iqu i ty .

GRAVE 2 77 ( # 4 ) . A x i s 1 20 ° . G rave r e c tangu la r , w e l l -cu t w i th v e r t ica ls i de s . L . 1 . 60m ,w .0 . 85m ,d .0 . 59m . J uv en i le , s e xn o td e t e rm in ed , a ged c .4 6y ea r s . T ee th o n ly f o und . G rave g ood s :

3 27

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . A du l t f ema le , a ged c .2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , u ppe r h a lf d i s tu rbed , l e g s i n s i tu , c r o s s ing . G rave g ood s : 1 4 . L a tch l if t er s . x 4 , i r on , p l u s i r on f r agmen t s a nd s u spen s ion r i ng f r agmen t s . A ga in s ts i de o fg rave ,t ol ef to ft o r so .*

GRAVE # 16 . A x i s W -E? P lanned b u tn o te xcava ted . GRAVE 2 86 ( # 17 ) . A x i s 15° . G rave w e l l -cu t , e x te rna l r e ce s s a t f oo t , s t ruc tu re c l a s s I ,e . L . 2 . 88m , w . 1 . 10m , d .0 . 88m . D i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty , w i th b one s , o b jec t s a nd f r agmen t ss ca t te red t h roughou tf i l l . A du l tf ema le , a ged c .3 0 y ea r s . S ku l l a nd l o ng b one f r agmen t s . E v idence o f i n t er n a l f r on ta l h ype ro s to s i sa nd ? pe r idon ta l d i sea se . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld t r em i ss i s w i th s u spen s ion l o op . Me rov ing ian , i n n ame o f J u s t in ian I ( 527 -65 ) .* 2 . P endan t . K ey s tone shaped p i nk g l a ss , i n s i lve r moun t .* 3 . K ey . I r on , f r agmen t .* 4 . K n if e . T ex t i le t r ace o nb l ade .* 5 . C opper a l loy f ragmen t .* 6 . C oppe ra l loy f i t t ing . W i th i r on r i ve t .*

GRAVE # 11 . A x i s W-E? P lanned b u tn o te xcava ted . GRAVE # 12 . A x i s W-E? P lanned b u tn o te xcava ted . GRAVE 2 82 ( # 13 ) . A x i s 10° . R ounded e nd s a nd s l op ing s i de s . L .2 . 35m , w . 1 . 25m , d .0 . 80m . D i s tu rbed , f i l l c on ta ined f r agmen t s o f p eg t i l e a nd 1 8 th c en tu ry p ipe s t em . A du l t , p o s s ib ly m a le , a ged c . 2 5 -30 y ea r s . F ragmen ta ry b one s , i n c lud ing p a r t o f p e lv i s , s ca t te red i nf i l l . N og r ave g ood s .

7 . K ey . C oppe ra l loy . R oman?* 8 . Hand l e . C oppe ra l loy . 9 . C oppe ra l loy f ragmen t s . T h in s hee t s . 1 0 . B ead s . x 40 . 9a mbe r , 3 1 c o lou red g l a s s .*

GRAVE 2 83 ( # 14 ) . A x i s 15° . R ounded e nd s , U shaped s e c t ion , 1 . 2 . 05m , w . 0 . 75m , d . 0 . 24m . D i s tu rbed i n a n t iqu i ty ,a nd p lough d amaged . A du l t ma le , a ged 3 0+ y ea r s . S ku l l a nd l o ng b one f r agmen t s . O n ly 1t i b ia p o s s ib ly i ns i tu , s ugge s t ing e x tended s up ine . S t a tu re c .1 . 78m . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead F rom g rave f i l l a tc ha lk s u rf ace

GRAVE # 18 . A x i s W-E? P lanned b u tn o te xcava t ed . GRAVE 2 87 ( # 19 ) . A x i s 15° . G rave r e c tangu la r , s i de s s l igh t ly u nde rcu t . L . 2 . 24m , w . 0 . 78m , d . 0 . 79m . D is tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . A du l t , s ex n o t d e term ined , a ged c .3 5 -40 y ea r s . L ong b one s , w o rn t e e th , h and o r f o o t b one s . B one s s c a t te red a tf oo to fg rave . G rave g ood s : 1 .N a i l s . x 2 , h ead a nd s haf to fi r on n a i l s . O ne a th ead a nd f oo t . Wood t r ace s o n b o th .*

l e ve l .* 2 . K n if e . B yr i gh tt h igh .* GRAVE 2 84 ( # 15 ) . A x i s 15° . G rave o va l w i th s l op ing s i de s . L . 1 . 47m ,w .0 . 60m , d .0 . 10m . J uven i le , s ex n o t d e term ined , a ged c . 9y ea r s . S ku l lf r agmen t sa nd o ne m o la ro n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tm id r igh t .*

GRAVE 2 88 ( #20 ) . A x i s 1 05° . G rave r e c tangu la r w i th s l igh t ly u nde rcu t s i de s . L .2 . 60m , w . 1 . 15m , d .0 . 90m . D i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . C off in? A du l t , p robab ly ma le , a ged c . 3 0 -35 y ea r s .

GRAVE 2 85 . A x i s 1 20 ° . R ounded w e s t e nd , w e l l -cu t . L . 2 . 90m , w . 1 . 53m , d . 1 . 23m . D i s tu rbed i n a n t iqu i ty . Many i r on f r agmen t si nf i l l . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , a ged c .2 0 y ea r s . B one s d i s tu rbed , b u t h ead t o w e s t . C oppe r

Mo s t o f s ke le ton r e cove red , p i led a t f oo t o f g rave . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . R ec tangu la r p l a te . M id r igh to fg r ave .* 2 . I r on s t rapp ing . 3a ng led f r agmen t s , w i th w ood a t tached ( c off in o r b ox b i nd ing s? ) . A t f oo to fg rave .* 3 . I r on f ragmen t s . H igh i n f i l l . N a i l o r

s t a in o nj aw . G rave g ood s : 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .

K n if e .* E yed -hook . I r on .* H ook I r on , w i th s u spen s ion r i ng .* K n if e .* B ead s . x 3 .* G o ld -bra id*

s kewe ra nd r od s( k ey s? ) .* GRAVE 2 89 ( #21) .

3 28

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . A x i s9 3° . R ounded e nd s ,b ow l shaped s e c t ion , w i th s l o t s haped f o r b ody i n f l oo r o f g r av e ( s t ru c tu ra lc l a s sI ,b ,5 ) . D i s tu rbed i na n t iqu i ty . C of f i n? A du l t f ema le , a ged c .2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . S ku l l a nd f e e t i n s i tu , l o ng b one s s c a t te r ed i nf i l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 3 , 1a me thy s t a nd 2o r ange g l a s s . A tn eck o ru ppe rc he s t .* 2 . K n if e . T o l e f to fl ef tl e g .* 3 . I r on s t rapp ing . A ng led , w i th w ood t r a ce s ( b ox o rc of in b i nd ing? ) . A tf o o t .*

f l exed t o r i gh t , l e f t l e g s t ra igh t . B one s v e ry f r iab le ,b u tm o s tp r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . A t l e f t w a i s t . B roken , p o in t m i s s ing .* 2 . I r on o b jec t . V e ry c o r roded , s h ie ld s tud? N ea rl e f tf o o t .*

GRAVE 2 90 ( # 22 ) . A x i s 1 25° . S ub rec tangu la r g r ave , i n t e rna l l e dg e c u t a l ong b o th s i de s ( s t ruc tu r e c l a s s I , b ,3 ) . L . 1 . 85m ,w . 0 . 88m ,d .0 . 50m . J uven i le /young a du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined , a g ed c . 1 2 16 y ea r s . E x tend ed s up ine . S ke le ton v e ry f r iab le . E s t ima ted s t a tu r e 1 . 51m . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . T ol e f to fs ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . B e tween l ef tf o rea rm a nd t o r so .* 3 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e . T ex t i le t r a ce o np l a te . A tl e f tw a i s t .* GRAVE # 23 . A x i sW -E? P l anned b u tn o te xcava t ed .

GRAVE # 34 . A x i s W -E? e xcava t ed .

GRAVE # 32 . A x i s NW -SE? P l anned b u tn o te xcava t ed . GRAVE # 33 . A x i s W -E? P l anned b u tn o te xcava t ed .

S iber t swo ld . G ra ve si n" Lowe rb u r ia lg round" . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 76m d eep . B ur n tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .*

GRAVE # 27 . A x i sW -E? P l anned b u tn o te xcava ted .

b u t

n o t

I .E xcava ted 1 772 -3 . B .F au s se t t .

GRAVE # 26 . o te xcava t ed . A x i sW -E? P l anned b u tn

p l anned

b u t

2 32 . S hepherdswe l l -w -Co ldred I , S iber tswo ld /Bar f res ton

GRAVE # 25 . o te xcava t ed . A x i sW -E? P l anned b u tn

P a r t ia l ly

p l anned

GRAVE # 35 . A x i s NW -SE . D i s tu rbed b y p o s t -m i l l f o unda t ion s . N of u r the rd e ta i l sr e co rded .

GRAVE # 24 . o te xcava t ed . A x i sW -E? P l anned b u tn

GRAVE # 28 . A x i s W -E? e xcava ted .

P a r t ia l ly

GRAVE 2 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A du l t ,p robab ly f ema le . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S hea r s . I r on . 2 . K n if e .

n o t

GRAVE # 29 . A x i sW -E? P l anned b u tn o te xcava ted .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' r a the r s ma l l ' b a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE # 30 . A x i s NW -SE? P l anned b u tn o te xcava t ed . GRAVE 2 91 ( # 31) . A x i s 8 0 ° . R ounded e nd s a nd s ha l low b ow l s h aped s e c t ion . S he lf a l ong s ou th s i d ea nd f o o t ( may = so lu t ion h o l low ) . L . 1 . 90m , w . 0 . 75m , d .0 . 16m . J uven i le , p o s s ib ly m a le , a g ed c . 1 12 y ea r s . S up ine , h ead ' h unched ' t o r i gh t , r i gh t l e g

GRAVE 4 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' l a rg e ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . T h ick ,b u rn tc of in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s :

3 29

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . 1 .B ead . G la s s . N ea rs ku l l . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . V e ry t h ick , b u rn t , c off in . A du l t . B one s a lmo s t g one , b u t t e e th v e ry s ound . G rave g ood s : I . B ead s . x 17 , ' sma l l ' . N ea rn eck . 2 . E a r -r ing? P o lych rome g l a s s b ead , s u spended o nk no t ted w i re r i ng . N ea rn eck .* 3 . K n if e . 4 . K n if e . 5 . K n if e .

GRAVE 5 . A x is W-E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . T h ick c off in . A du l t ,m idd le -aged . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on ,w i th p l a te . 2 . K n if e . GRAVE 6 . A x i s W-E . ? P r ima ry i nl a rge b a r row . B a r row 1 . 22m h igh , g rave a bou t 1 . 52m d eep . B u rn t c of in w i th l owe rmo s ts ke le ton . Mu l t ip le i n huma t ion , w i th a t l e a s t 4 i n d iv idua l s . L y ing " on o ne a no the r " . b one sm ixed . N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton sr e co rded . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc off in . A du l t . B one sw e l l p re se rved . N og rave g ood s .

S ome

GRAVE 1 3 . A x is S -N . P r ima ry i nb a r row . C of in . A du l t . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . F la t tened h ead . C lo se t ou ppe rp a r to fs ku l l .* 2 . B ead s . x 3 , s ma l l . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s v e s se l . P a lm c up . A t f e e t , m ou th u pwa rd s .* GRAVE 8 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t . " An o ld p e r son" . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s? I r on .

GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry i n ' sma l l ' b a r row . v e ry s ha l low . A du l t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 2 , o paque g l a s s . 2 . B uck le . I r on , s ma l l . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry? i n b a r row . G rave 1 0 u nde r s ame mound . G rave u nde r 1 . 52m l o ng , a bou t0 . 76m d eep . B ur n tc of i n . B one sw e l lp re served . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 5 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized '

b a r row .

G rave

G rave

0 . 76m d eep . N o d e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . C ha in . I r on , 1l i nk o f . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s W-E? P r ima ry? i nb a r row . U nde r s ame mound a s g rave 9 , l y ing a bou t 0 . 15m t o t h e s ou th o fi t . V e ry t h ick ,b u rn t ,c of in . A du l t . B one sa lmos tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 12 ,g l a s s . N ea rn eck . 2 . E a r -r ing? S i lve r w i re r i ng w i th s ma l l g r een b ead s u spended o ni t . * 3 . K n if e . 4 . I r on p iece s . S eve ra l . 5 . W ood en b ox . R ema in s o f , a tf e e t . W i th i r on f i t t ing s . 6 . I r on o b jec t s . N a i l sa nd f r agmen t s .

GRAVE 1 6 . P r ima ry? i n ' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave 1 7 u nde r s ame mound . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead . O paque g l a s s , n ea rn eck . 2 . E a r r ing? Sma l l g r een g l a s s b ead s u spended o n s i lve rw i r er i ng . N ea rn eck . 3 . K n if e . GRAVE 1 7 .

30

A pp end ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . P r ima ry? i n ' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave 1 6 u nde r s am e m ound , p a ra l le l a nd t ot h e l e f t o fg r ave 1 7 . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 17 . N ea rn eck . 2 . B ead . L a rge p o lych rom eg l a s s , g r een w i th y e l low s t r ipe s . N ea rn eck .* 3 . K n if e .

P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , ' sma l l ' . 2 . K n if e . GRAVE 2 4 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . V e ry t h ick , b u rn t , c off in , l e ng th 1 . 07m . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a l loy , w i th d r op shaped h ead .* 2 . B ox f i t t ing? C oppe r a l loy c y l inde r . P o s s ib ly p a r to fl o ck f o r ab ox .* 3 . B ox f i t t ing s . H inge s , c oppe r a loy . A t f e e t . A l so i r on h a sp . 4 . L ink . I r on . 5 . K n if e . S ma l l .

GRAVE 1 8 . P r ima ry i n' l a rg e ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . V e ry t h ick , b u rn t , c of in . J uv en i le /young a du l t . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rv ed . G r ave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy h a i r -p in , w i th d eco ra t ed h ead . N ea rs ku l l .* 2 . B ead s . x 14 a me thy s t s . N ea rn eck .* 3 . B ead s . x 2 , 1l a rge , 1s ma l l . 4 . P endan t . S i lve r . C i r cu la r . 5 . L a tch l if t e r . I r on . 6 . S hea r s . I r on . 7 . K n if e . 8 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 5 . P r ima ry i n' sma l l ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 46m d eep ,a nd v e ry s ho r t . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 9 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 52m d eep . T h ick c off in . A du l t . " Ve ry o l d p e r son" . B one s w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 6 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rav ea bou t 0 . 76m d eep . C off in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 12 , s ma l l , n ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 0 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 83m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G r ave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . N a i l s . 5o r6 .

GRAVE 2 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc of in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 3 ,s ma l l ,n ea rn eck . 2 . P la te . C oppe ra loy , c i rcu la r ,w i th 1 r i ve t h o le s . B yr i gh th i p . 3 . G la s s f ragmen t . B lue g l a s s . P o s s ib ly r e s idua l .

GRAVE 2 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 6 1m d eep . B ur n tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , s ma l l ,w i th p l a te . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 8 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . A ngu la r b l ad e . R igh t o f s ku l l .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy ,w i th p l a t e . S ma l l . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 2 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 07m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy ,' sma l l ' . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc of in .

GRAVE 2 3 .

31

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . S i lve r , c i r cu la r . N ea rn eck . 2 . B ead s . x 33 . 2w h i te s p i ra l g l a s s , 3 1 ' sma l l ' . P robab ly n ea rn eck . 3 . I r on c omp lex . ' Lump ' o f c o r roded i r on , p o s s ib ly c ompo sed o fl i nk so fs ma l lc ha in ,w i th s ma l l s p i ra l w h i te g l a s s b ead a dhe r ing . P robab ly n ea rn eck . 4 . C ha te la ine . S eve ra l t w i s t ed i r on l i nk s o f c ha in , w i th i r on h ook a t tached a t o ne e nd . T ex t i le r ema in s a dhe r ing . N ea r m idd le o f g r ave . 5 . K n if e . N ea rm idd le o fg r av e . 6 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . A t f e e t . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . R edd i sh f a b r ic . N ea r l e f t s hou lde r . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . I r on , 3o r4 . GRAVE 3 4 . A x i s E -W . P r ima ry i n ' v e ry s ma l l ' b a r row . G rav ev e ry s h a l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 . ' Sma l l ' . 2 . K n if e . V e ry s ma l l . GRAVE 3 5 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d e ep . B ur n tc off in . B one sv e ry s ound . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . L a rg e . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra loy . S ma l le rt h an 1 .

GRAVE 3 0 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rav ea bou t 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in , l e ng th a bou t 1 . 37m . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . S i lve r , w i th r i ve ted c oppe r a loy l o op s u spended . N ea rn eck .* 2 . R ing . S i lve r , s l id ing k no t . 3 . B ead s . x 3 . 1l a rg e w h i t e g l a s s , 1f l a t g r een g l a s s , 1l a rge p o ly ch rome , w i th r e d , w h i t ea nd y e l low w ave s .* 4 . K n if e . N ea rr i gh th i p .

GRAVE 3 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u r n t c off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 3 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . V e ry t h ick ,b u rn t ,c of f in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . S ma l l h and m ade p o t w i th r ounded b a se . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c off in .* 3 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . R ed f a b r ic . A t f e e t , o u t s ide c off in .* 4 . I r on f r agmen t s . P i ece o fc ha in l i nk , a nd o t he rp i ec e s .

GRAVE 3 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rav e a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a loy , r ound h ead . U nde r s ku l l .* 2 . B ead s . x 2 , l a rg e p o ly ch rome g l a s s . D i sco id ,w i th y e l low s t r ipe s . N ea rn eck .* 3 . B ead s . x 2 ,g l a s s , l a rge w h i te , s ma l l r e d . 4 . B ead . S i lve r , t u bu la r . W i th r ema in s o f t h r ead .* 5 . K n if e . N ea rm idd le .

GRAVE 3 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : I . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th p l a te . L a rg e . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 3 2 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 11 . 2b l ue s p i ra l g l a s s , 9' sma l l ' . N ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e . N ea rm idd le . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . A t f e e t . B rok en d u r ing e xcava t ion .

GRAVE 3 9 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t . A" v e ry o l dp e r son" . T ee th v e ry w o rn . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a loy . L a rg e . W i th r i ng a t h ead . N ea rs ku l l .*

GRAVE 3 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc of in . B one sv e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 4 0 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one .

32

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e s S -W . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 4 1 . P r ima ry i n ' v e ry s ma l l ' b a r row . s h o r ta nd s ha l low . B u rn tc of in . C h i ld . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . Sma l l .

A du l t . A n " o ld p e r son" . p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . K n if e .

G rav e v e ry

B one s

w e l l

GRAVE 4 9 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc of in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 7 . 6s ma l l , 1l a rg e r p o lych rome g l a s s ,w i th w h i te s t r ipe s .

GRAVE 4 2 . P r ima ry i n ' v e ry s ma l l ' b a r row . G rave v e ry s h o r ta nd s ha l low . B ur n tc of f in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . P la te . C oppe r a l loy . W i th r i ve t h o le s . Among s t a r ea o fb l ack d u s t . P robab ly ab ox f i t t ing .

GRAVE 5 0 . P r ima ry i n ' v e ry s ma l l ' b a r row . s ho r ta nd s ha l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 4 3 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc of i n . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th p l a te . S ma l l .

G rave v e ry

GRAVE 5 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b ur n t ,c of i n . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . B uck le . I r on ,w i th p l a t e ,s ma l l . 3 . N a i l s . I r on . 4 . F ragmen t s . I r on .

GRAVE 4 4 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . B ur n tc of in . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . I r on p i ece s . I n c lud ing n a i l s .

GRAVE 5 2 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 52m l o ng . B u rn tc of f in , a bou t 1 . 22m l o ng . C h i ld o rj uven i le /young a du l t . B one s a lmo s t g one . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing s . x 3 , s i lve r ,w i th s l id ing k no t s . 2 . B ead Sma l l , a tf e e t . 3 . B ox f i t t ing . H ing e ,c oppe ra loy .

GRAVE 4 5 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B one sw e l lp r e served . G rave g ood s : 1 . T wee ze r s . C oppe r a loy , w i th s u spen s ion r i ng .* 2 . S ear . L eng th 5 1cm .

GRAVE 5 3 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . V e ry t h ick ,b ur n t , c of in . J uv en i le . B one s v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . S ku l l h ad f r on ta ls u tu re . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 5 4 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . V e ry t h ick ,b u rn t ,c off in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . C ha in . Ma s so fc o r roded i r on c ha in l i nk s . 2 . R ing . C oppe ra loy . Among s t 1 . * 3 . B ead s . x 10 ,s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 4 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . A t f e e t . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion . 5 . C omb . B one o r i v o ry . F r agmen t s o f , f o und i no rn ea rp o t .

GRAVE 4 7 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc of i n . J uven i le . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .I r on c omp lex . Sma l lm a s so fc o r roded i r on , w i th t e x t i le r ema in s . GRAVE 4 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc of f in .

GRAVE 5 .

33

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . N ea rh ead . 2 . B ead s . x 4 , s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 3 . R ing s . x 2 , s i lve r , w i th s l id ing k no t s . N ea r n eck . 4 . W o rkbox . C oppe r a l loy , w i th h i nged l i d s e cu r ed b y s ma l l c ha in s a nd p in . C on ta ined t h read s a nd p e rf o ra ted s e ed s . A t m idd le o f g r ave .* 5 . C ha in . I r on , c or roded . A tf e e t . 6 . K n if e . 7 . S poon . I r on . 8 . F ragmen t s . I r on , w i th f i ne l i nen c l o th a dhe r ing .

P r ima ry i n ' sma l l ' b a r row . G rave v e ry s ho r t , a bou t0 . 61m d eep . C h i ld . B one sw e l lp re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . Sma l l . GRAVE 5 6 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 37m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b u rn t ,c off in . A du l t . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 8 . 5a me thy s t , 1l a rge g l a s s , 2 s ma l lg l a s s . N ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e . N ea rl ef th ip . 3 . 4 .

K n if e . N ea rl ef th ip . B ox . Wooden r ema in s , a l ong w i th i r on

GRAVE 6 1 . P r ima ry i n' sma l l ' b a r row . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . C h i ld / juven i le . B one s v e ry w e l lp r e se rved . N og rave g ood s .

f i t t ing s . A tf e e t . GRAVE 5 7 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 22m d eep . B u rn tc of f in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . C ha in . I r on ,c o r roded l i nk s . 3 . B ox . Wood r ema in s , w i th i r on f i t t ing . A t f e e t .

GRAVE 6 2 . P r ima ry i n' sma l l ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , w i th p l a te . S ma l l .

GRAVE 5 8 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 37m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b ur n t , c of f in . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . B one s a lmo s t g one . " Ve ry t a l l" . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . A ngu la r b l ade . T o r i gh t o f s ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . L eng th 2 7cm .* 3 . P la te s . x 2 , c oppe ra l loy . 4 . R ing s . x 2 , c oppe r a l loy . E ach w i th i r on l i nk sa t tached . 5 . B uck le . I r on , w i th p l a te . L a rge . 6 . S word . W i th c oppe ra l loy s c abba rd c hape . T ex t i le r ema in s a dhe r ing .

GRAVE 6 3 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . S tud I r on , f l a t -headed . 3 . H ook . I r on . B roken c ha in l i nk?

GRAVE 5 9 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc of f in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L eaf shaped b l ade . T o l ef to f s ku l l .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s . I r on .

GRAVE 6 5 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc off in .

GRAVE 6 4 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc off in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e term ined .

G rave

B one s

w e l l

p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . T o r i gh to fs ku l l . L .4 1cm .

B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . 1 P la te s . x 2 , c oppe r a l loy .

R ive ted

t oge the r . GRAVE 6 6 . P r ima r y i nb a r row . B u rn tc of in . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined .

GRAVE 6 0 . P r ima ry i n' l a rge ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 22m d eep . L oam f i l l ,w i th n oc ha lk . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one .

p r e se rved . N og rave g ood s .

34

B one s

w e l l

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . GRAVE 6 7 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave v e ry s h a l low . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead 2 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 3 . K n if e . G RAVE 6 8 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 1 . 22m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 4 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b ur n t ,c of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck le . I r on , ' sma l l ' , w i th p l a t e . M idd le o fg r ave . 3 . K n if e .* 4 . S pea rf e r ru l e . R igh to ff e e t .

G rave GRAVE 7 5 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc of in . B one sw e re a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th p l a te . A tm idd le .

GRAVE 6 9 . P r ima ry i n l a rge b a r row . G rave v e ry l a rg e , 1 . 52m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b u rn t ,c off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . W ood en v e s se l . C up . N ea rr i gh ts hou lde r . C oppe ra l loy r im f i t t ing .* 2 . W ood en v e s se l . S im i la r t o 1 , b u t w i th c oppe r a l loy f i t t ing s o n b ody . N ea r r i gh t s h ou ld e r .* 3 . B ox . Wood r ema in s ,p l u s i r on f i t t ing s . A t f o o t .

GRAVE 7 6 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . s h a l low a nd s ho r t . P robab le c h i ld . B one sg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead Y e l low o paque g l a s s . GRAVE 7 7 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . 0 . 46m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 0 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m l o ng ,0 . 61m d eep . B ur n tc off in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . S ma l l ,w i th p l a t e . 2 . K n if e . S ma l l .

GRAVE 7 3 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . s h a l low a nd s hor t . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . Sma l l .

G rave a bou t

GRAVE 7 8 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 7 1 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . C of f in . A du l t ,s ex n o td e t e rm ined . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 4 , 1a me thy s t , 3s ma l l ' e a r then ' . GRAVE 7 2 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . B on e sw e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . K n if e .

G rave v e ry

GRAVE 7 9 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th p l a te . Sma l l . 2 . K n if e . GRAVE 8 0 . P r ima ry i nl a rg e b a r row . C of f in v e ry t h ick ,b u rn t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

G rave

G rave 1 . 22m d eep .

GRAVE 8 1 . P r ima ry i n v e ry l a rge b a r row . d eep . V e ry t h ick c off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fh ead .

G rave v e ry

35

G rave

G rave 1 . 83m

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . 5 .

2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . O n r i gh t s i de .* 3 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip , 2d i sc -headed i r on s t ud s . 4 . S t rap -end . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . W i th p l a te ,s ma l l . 6 . K n if e . 7 . B uck l e . I r on ,w i th p l a t e . S ma l l . 8 . I r on p iece s . N a i l s?

G i rd le i n s t rumen t . I r on , a tk n ee s .*

GRAVE 8 7 . P r ima ry? i nb a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 46m d eep . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 8 6( s ee a bove ) . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip , 1d i sc -headed i r on s t ud .

GRAVE 8 2 . P r ima ry i nv e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rav e 0 . 30m d eep . P o s s ib le d oub le i n huma t ion . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . 4 . S h ie ld g r ip . 5 . B uck le . I r on , s ma l l . 6 . K n if e .

GRAVE 8 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of f in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e . M idd le o fg r ave . 1 B uck l e . I r on ,m idd le o fg r ave . 4 . S pea rf e r ru le . I r on ,a tf e e t .

G rave

GRAVE 8 9 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G r ave a bou t 0 . 92m . B ur n tc off in . B one sw e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 8 3 . P r ima ry? i nv e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rave s ho r t a nd s ha l low . G rave 8 4u nde rs ame b a r row . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . D i sc . C lay? P e rf o ra t ed . T oy?* 2 . R ing . S i lve r w i r e , s l id ing k no t . W i th s ma l lg r een b ead s u spended . 3 . B ead s . x 4 , s ma l l .

GRAVE 9 0 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G r ave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc off in . N o d e ta i l so fb one s . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 8 4 . P r ima ry? i n b a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 8 3 . C h i ld . B one sp oo r ly p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 9 1 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G r ave a bou t 1 . 07m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B on e s w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O n l e f to fs ku l l . 2 . P la te . C oppe r a loy , h o le s a r ound e dg e . N ea r 1 . * 3 . B uck l e . I r on , s ma l l . 4 . K n if e . 5 . L ink . I r on .

GRAVE 8 5 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave v e ry l o ng a nd w ide ,0 . 92m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 8 6 . P r ima ry? i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 46m d eep . U nde r s ame b a r row a s g r av e 8 7 . T o r i gh t o f , a nd p a ra l le l t o , g r ave 8 7 , w i th t r an sve r se s l o tb e tween t h em . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . B one s w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t s . x 2 ,s i lve r . N ea rn eck .* 2 . R ing . S i lve r w i r e , s l id ing k no t , s ma l l y e l low b ead s t rung o ni t . 3 . R ing s . x 2 , s i lve rw i r e ,s l id ing k no t s . 4 . B ead s . x 47 , 2a me thy s t s ,4 5 ' sma l l ' .

GRAVE 9 2 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rav e a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . B one s w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e .

36

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . 3 . I r on f ragmen t s . N a i l s?

1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l .* 2 . S wo rd O nr i gh ts i de . 3 . F e r ru l e . C oppe ra loy . F rom s p ea r ? 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 9 3 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G r ave a bou t 0 . 6 1m d e ep . B u rn tc of in . C h i ld . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . S i lve r , w i th s u spen s ion l o op . N ea rn eck .* 2 . B ead L a rge ,t h readed w i th i r on r i ng . 3 . C ha in . I r on ,c o r roded .

GRAVE 9 9 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 9 4 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B ur n tc off in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t s . x 2 , c oppe r a loy . P a i r . N ea r n e ck .* 2 . B ead s . x 2 1 . Sma l l . 3 . C ha in . I r on l i nk s . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 00 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc off in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 8 ,s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . K n if e . M idd le o fg r ave . 3 . G i rd l e -hang e r s . I r on ,x 2 . 4 . C ha te la ine . C o r roded i r on c ha in , w i th t e x t i le a dhe r ing . 5 . B ox f i t t ing s . x 4 , i r on c or n e rp i ece s .

GRAVE 9 5 . P r ima ry i n l a rg e b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b u rn t ,c off in . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L .2 3cm . N ea rm idd le . 2 . K n if e . N ea rm idd le . 3 . B uck l e . S i lve rg i l t . S h ie ld -on tongue w i th t r i angu la rp l a t e . N ea rm idd le .* 4 . B e l t -p la t e . R ec tangu la r , s i lv e r . N ea r m idd le .*

GRAVE 1 0 1 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . V e ry t h ick c off in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . P l a ted d i sc ( Aven t c o rpu s n o . 1 49 , c l a s s 1 ) . N ea rn eck .* 2 . G i rd le -hang e r . C oppe ra loy . 3 . B ead s . x 42 , 1 7 a me thy s t , 1' l a rge ' , 2 4 ' sma l l ' . N eck . 4 . P in . I v o ry o rb one .* 5 . K n if e .

GRAVE 9 6 . P r ima ry i nv e ry s ma l lb a r row . G rave s h o r ta nd v e ry s ha l low . B u rn tc of f in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 02 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B u r n t c off in . U nde r s ame b a r row a sg r ave 1 03 . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . A tf e e t . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . 4 . S wo rd . O nr i gh ts i de .

GRAVE 9 7 . P r ima ry i n l a rge b a r row . G rave 2 . 13m l o ng , 1 . 22m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b ur n t ,c off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . 2 . S h ie ld g r ip . 3 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 4 . S tud I r on ,b road -head ed . S h ie ld -f i t t ing . 5 . I r on p iece s . N a i l s? GRAVE 9 8 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 1 . 07m d eep . B ur n tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s :

G rave

GRAVE 1 03 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r av e 1 02 , p a ra l le la nd o nt h er i gh ts i de . B ur n tc of i n . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe r a loy , f l a t -headed . C lo se t o s ku l l .

G rave

37

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 .

5 .

B ead s . x 39 , v e ry s ma l l . G i rd l e -hange r . I r on .* B uck le? I r on .* K n if e .

GRAVE 1 04 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized '

b a r row .

GRAVE 10 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc of f in . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . Sma l l . 3 . B uck le . I r on . Sma l l . 4 . K n if e . 5 . I r on o b jec t . L ink a nd r i ng .

G rave

0 . 92m d eep . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on . Sma l l . 2 .

K n if e . GRAVE 11 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc o ff in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga rl o af t ype . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip a nd 1i r on s t ud . 4 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . Sma l l ,w i th p l a te . 5 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 05 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le -s ized ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 2 b road -headed s t ud s . 4 .

K n if e . GRAVE 12 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B ur n tc of f in . B one sw e l l p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t ype . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . 2g r ip s , 2b road -h eaded i r on s t ud s . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 06 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pearhead O nr i gh ts i de . GRAVE 1 07 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

G rave a bou t 0 . 6 1m GRAVE 13 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B urn tc off in . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O n l ef ts i de . 2 . S pea rf er ru le . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 08 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O n l e f ts i de . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . x 2 i r on b road -headed s t ud s . 4 . K n if e . 5 . F e rru le . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 1 09 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of f in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . 4 .

K n if e .

GRAVE 14 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row .

G rave a bou t 0 . 61m

d eep . B u rn tc off in . C h i ld . B one s a lmos tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 15 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc of f in . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 16 . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L .6 1cm . R igh to fs ku l l .* 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s .

G rave

3 . 4 . 5 .

B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . Sma l l ,w i th p l a te . P la te . C oppe ra l loy ,w i th 5r i ve t s .

38

S h ie ld g r ip . P ince r s . I r on .* K n if e .

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 16 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 15 . B on e sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 23 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e .* 3 . B uck le . I r on , s ma l l . 4 . S pea rf e r ru le .

GRAVE 17 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc o ff in . B on e sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip , 1i r on b road -headed s t ud . 4 . S word . 5 . B uck l e . S ma l l , i r on . 6 . B uck l e . Sma l l , i r on . 7 . K n if e . 8 . P o t te ry v e s se l . A tf e e t .*

GRAVE 1 24 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . T h ick ,b u rn t ,c off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 2 , s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . P endan t . S i lve r ,n ea rn eck . 3 . G i rd le -hange r . I r on . A tk nee s . 4 . C ha te la ine? I r on c ha in l i nk s a nd f r agmen t s ,w i th t e x t i le a dhe r ing . 5 . K n if e . 6 . K n if e . 7 . C omb . I v o ry ,p a r to f . A tf e e t .

GRAVE 18 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc of in . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip a nd 2i r on s t ud s . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 25 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . J uven i le . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 26 . 2 5 s ma l l , 1l a rge ,n ea rn eck . 2 . R ing . C oppe ra loy . F i nge rr i ng .

( GRAVE 19 . ) V e ry l a rge b a r row . I r regu la rh o le , 1 . 52m d eep , c on ta in ing o x b one s a t0 . 6 1m d eep . P o s s ib ly n o t ag rave . N oh uman r ema in sr e cove r ed . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 20 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . B u r n tc of f in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 26 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc off in . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s s . W i th s i lve r -p la ted d i sc a t a pex . 3 . S h i e ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip ,a nd 2i r on s t ud s .

G rave

GRAVE 1 27 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc of in . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead O nr i gh ts i de o fs ku l l . 2 . K n if e . 3 . N a i l s? I r on .

GRAVE 1 2 1 . P r ima ry i nl a rge b a r row . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy , w i th i r on t o ngue . S ma l l ,w i th p l a te . 2 . K n if e . GRAVE 1 22 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep .

G rave

GRAVE 1 28 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' 0 . 76m d eep . B ur n tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one .

G rave

39

b a r row .

G rav e

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . O nr i gh ts i de . 2 . K n if e . 3 . I r on p iece s .

N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 29 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t s . x 3 , s i lve r . A tn eck .* 2 . K n if e . 3 . K n if e . 4 . C ha in . I r on l i nk s . GRAVE 1 30 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og rave g ood s .

b a r row .

GRAVE 1 35 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg rave 1 36 . H ead s c l o se t oge the r , f e e t a pa r t s o t wo g rave s f o rmed r ough t r iang le , a l ong w i th n a r row c u t r unn ing b e tween t h e i rf e e t . B one sw e l lp re se rved . No g rave g ood s .

G rave

GRAVE 1 36 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . U nde r s ame b ar row a sg r ave 1 35 ( s ee a bove ) . B one s a lmo s tg one . No g rave g ood s .

G rave

GRAVE 1 37 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc off in . A du l t . B one sw e l l p re se rved . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 31 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave u nde r 1 . 22m l o ng ,0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc of f in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead Sma l l ,n ea rn eck . 2 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , o pen -wo rk o r l e a the r in la id p l a te . A tm idd le .*

GRAVE 1 38 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . V e ry t h ick , b u rn t , c o ff in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . C oppe ra l loy , n ea rs ku l l .* 2 . B ead s . x 4 , 1l a rge , 3s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 3 . B race le t . C oppe ra l loy .* 4 . B ox . I r on h and le , n ea rf e e t . 5 . I r on p iece s .

GRAVE 1 32 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le -s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . A du l t . B one sw e l l p re served . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S i lve r -p la ted d i sc a ta pex . 3 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip , 2i r on s t ud s . 4 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 39 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . B one s a lmo s tg one . N o g r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 40 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S wo rd O n r i gh ts i de . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 33 . P r ima ry? i ns ma l lb a r row . G rave 0 . 61m d eep . A du l t . B one s a lmo s t g one . G rave 1 34 u nde r s ame b a r row . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead Sma l l ,y e l low . N ea rn eck . 2 . B ead N ea r l ef t h i p . P ebb le i n la id w i th t r a i l .* 3 . L ump . Ambe r , p e rf o ra ted . 4 . B ead s . 1l a rge , 1s ma l l . 5 . S hea r s . I r on . 6 . C ha te la ine . I r on c ha in , a dhe r ing .

w i th

G rave

4 . 5 .

K n if e . I r on p iece s .

GRAVE 1 4 1 . P r ima ry i nb a r row .

t e x t i le

B one s a lmo s tg one . No g r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 34 . S econda ry? i n b a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg rave 1 33 .

GRAVE 1 42 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc off in .

C h i ld . B one sw e l lp rese rved .

B one sa lmo s tg one .

3 40

G rave

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . G r ave g ood s : 1 .B uck le . C oppe ra l loy ,w i th p l a te .* 2 .B uck le . Sma l l .

2 . S pea rhead . A t r i gh t s i de o f f e e t , p o in t t owa rd sf o o to fg r ave . GRAVE 1 5 1 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 1 50 . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 19 . 5a me thy s t s , 2l a rg e i r egu la r a mbe r , 1 2s ma l l o paque g l a s s . N ea rn e ck . 2 . O b jec t . C oppe r a loy . C ompo s i t e b ead? N ea rn eck .* 3 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . O va l . N ea rn eck . 4 . K n if e . A tm idd le . 5 . B ox . Wood ,w i th i r on f i t t ing s . A tf e e t . 6 . P in . C oppe ra l loy .* 7 . K n if e . Sma l l . 8 . K n if e . Sma l l . 9 . W ork -box . I r on , c ove red w i th l i nen c l o th .* 1 0 . G la s sv e s se l . N a r row n ecked , w h i te g l a s s . N ea rf o o t . B roken i na n t iqu i ty .

GRAVE 1 43 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of i n . B one sa lmo s tg one . G r ave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy , w i th r e c tangu la r p l a t e .* 2 . K n if e . GRAVE 1 44 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G r av eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy ,w i th i v o ry s hank .* 2 . K n if e . G RAVE 1 45 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 52 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I . G i rd le -hang e r . I r on . 2 . C ha in . I r on .

GRAVE 1 46 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc of in . ' Young p e r son ' . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy ,s ma l l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 53 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rav e v e ry s h a l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : I .P o t tery v e s se l . Sma l l , a tf e e t . B la ck f a b r ic . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion .

GRAVE 1 47 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave ' Young p e r son ' . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 48 . P r ima ry i n s ma l l b a r row . a bou t0 . 61m d eep . B one sn ea r ly g one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 54 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . ' Young p e r son ' . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

G rave v e ry s h o r t ,

GRAVE 1 49 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . s h a l low a nd s ho r t . C h i ld . B one sw e l lp r e se rv ed . N og r ave g ood s .

G rave

GRAVE 1 55 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s ized t o l a rg e ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . U nde r s ame b a r row a s g r ave s 1 56 a nd 1 57 . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

G rave v e ry

GRAVE 1 50 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rav e a bou t 0 . 6 1m d eep . U nd e r s ame b a r row a s g r ave 1 51 . B one sa lmo s tg one . G r ave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . W i th o pen -wo rk o r l e a th e r in la id p l a te . A tm idd le .*

GRAVE 1 56 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s ized t o l a rg e ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . U nde r s ame b a r row a s g r ave s 1 55 a nd 1 57 . ' Young p e r son ' . B one sw e l lp r e se rv ed . G rave g ood s :

3 4 1

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . 1 . D i sc . F i red c l ay? m idd le o fg rave .

P e rf o ra ted .

T oy?

P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . B ur n t c off in . P os s ib ly h ad d i s tu rbed a ne a r l ie rb u r ia l . P o ts he rd s , n a i l s , a nd a n ima l b one s i nf i l l . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . S i lve r , r e c tangu la r b ez e l s e t w i th p i ece o fa mbe r . N ea rr i gh th ip . R oman?* 2 . K n if e . N ea rr i gh th i p .

A t

GRAVE 1 57 . A x i s W-E? P r ima ry? i n' m idd le s ized t ol a rg e ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn t c off in . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg rave s 1 55 a nd 1 56 . T o s ou th o fg rave s 1 55 -6 . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . R igh th ip . 2 . S pea rhead . M id r i gh t s i de , p o in t t owa rd s f e e t . 3 . 4 .

GRAVE 1 64 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . B u rn t c off in . P o s s ib ly h ad d i s tu rbed e a r l ie r c r ema t ion b u r ia l s . S he l ls , p o t s h e rd s a nd a n ima lb one s i nf i l l . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . C rema t ion ur n ? A t h ead o fg rave , d eepe r t h an r e s t o f g r ave . P o ss ib ly f r om e a r l ie rb u r ia l . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . A tf oo to fg rave , a s2 . 4 . N a i l s . L a rge . 5 . S hea r s . I r on . 6 . S poon . C oppe ra l loy .*

G la s sv e s se l . Wh i te g l a s s . A tf e e t . G la s sv e s se l . Wh i te g l a s s . A tf e e t .

GRAVE 1 58 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . B one sw e l lp re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . G i rd le h anger . I r on . 2 . K n if e .

G rave

G ra ve si n" Upper b ur ia lg round" . GRAVE 1 65 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave 0 .76m d eep . B ur n t c off in . P o ts he rd s , p robab ly r e s idua l , i nf i l l . A du l t . B one sw e l l p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 59 . A x i s W-E . P r ima ry? i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 61 m d eep . U nde r s ame b a r row a s g r ave 1 60 . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 4 , n ea rn eck . Sma l l . 2 . P endan t s . x 3 . Sma l l . N ea rn eck . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . C a r ina ted b ow l .*

GRAVE 1 66 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave s ha l low . s he rd s a nd o y s te rs he l l s i nf i l l . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 60 . A x i s S -N . P r ima ry? i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 6 1m d eep . U nde r s ame b a r row a s g r ave 1 59 . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 1 6 1 . P r ima ry i n l a rge b a r row . B a r row mound d i s tu rbed . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og rave g ood s .

P o t

GRAVE 1 67 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B u rn tc off in . P o ts he rd s i n f i l l . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .

G rave 0 . 92m d eep . GRAVE 1 68 . P r ima ry i nv e ry s ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc off in . P o ts he rd s i nf i l l . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th c oppe ra l loy p l a te . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 62 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn t c of in . O y s te ra nd mu s se ls he l l s i nf i l l . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 69 . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B u rn t c of f in . c r ema t ion d i s tu rbed b yt h i sg rave . B one s a lmo s tg one .

GRAVE 1 63 .

3 42

E a r l ie r

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . G r ave g ood s : 1 . K n if e .

C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 70 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B one sa lmo s tg one . G r av eg ood s : 1 .D i sc . F i r ed c l ay . I nf i l l .

GRAVE 1 74 . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 71 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 75 . G rave a bou t0 . 6 1m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .D i sc . F i r ed c l ay ,n ea rr i gh th i p .

G rave si n " Lowe rb ur ia lg round" .

GRAVE 1 76 . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B one sv e ry w e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L .1 6 cm . N ea rh i p s .* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . O pen -wo rk o r i n la id r e c tangu la rp l a te . N ea rh i p s .* 3 . S pea rhead A tk nee s ,p o in tt owa rd sf e e t . 4 . S pea rf e r ru le . N ea rs p ea rhead . 5 . P o t te ry v e s se l . T or i gh to ff e e t .*

GRAVE 1 72 . P r ima ry? i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . V e ry t h ick c off in , s t r eng thened b y 1 8 i r on s t r ip s , e a ch w i th ar i ve ta te a ch e nd , a nd 3 i r on s t ap le s . U nde rs am eb a r row a s , a nd t ot h e l e f to f ,g rave 1 73 . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . D i sc s . x 4 ,f i r ed c l ay . N ea rn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 4 , l a rge . 1j e t , 1w h i t e , 1b l ue w i th y e l low t r a i l , 1b l ue .* 3 . B ead s . x 23 , s ma l l . 4 . B ead s . x 2 ,a me thy s t s . 5 . P endan t . G o ld , c i r cu la r , l o oped . S e t w i th 9s ma l lg a rne t s . A tn eck ,w i th 6 13 .* 6 . P endan t . G o ld , c i r cu la r , l o oped .* 7 . P endan t . G o ld ,o va l , l o oped .* 8 . P endan t . G o ld ,o va l , l o oped .* 9 . P endan t . G o ld , o va l , l o oped , s e t w i th r e d s t on e .* 1 0 . P endan t . G o ld , o va l , l o oped , s e t w i th r e d s t one .* 1 . P endan t . G o ld , d rop shaped , l o oped , s e t w i th a me thy s t .* 1 2 . P endan t . G o ld , d r op shaped , l o oped , s e t w i th a me thy s t .* 1 3 . C o in s . L ooped f o r s u spen s ion . M e rov ing ian : Ma r sa l a nd V e rdun ( c . AD 6 50 ) .* 1 4 . P in . I v o ry . H ead i n la id w i th 2 g ar n e t s . A tn eck . 1 5 . S hea r s . I r on . N ea rh i p s . 1 6 . G i rd le -hange r . N ea rh i p s . 1 7 . P o t tery v e s se l . R ed f a b r ic . L ef t k nee . B roken d u r ing e xcava t ion . 1 8 . C ha in . I r on , s ma l l l i nk s c o r roded t o g e the r . 1 9 . I r on p i ece s . N a i l s?

GRAVE 1 77 . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . C oppe ra loy ,n ea rs ku l l . 2 . S h ie ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe , v e ry l a rge . M idd le o fg r ave . 3 . S h i e ld g r ip . 4 . K n if e . 5 . B uck l e . I r on , s ma l l ,w i th p l a te . 6 . S eax . W i th c oppe ra loy p omme l .* 7 . L ea the rf ragmen t s . 8 . O b jec t . C oppe ra loy , ' d oub led ' . 9 . S cabba rd f i t t ing s . C oppe r a loy , t h in p l a t e s . GRAVE 1 78 . G rave 0 . 46m d eep . A du l t . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing . S i lve r w i r e , w i th b ead a t ta ched . N ea rn eck . 2 . C omb . B one o r i v o ry , d oub le s e t o f t e e th .* 3 . P u r se -moun t . I r on .* 4 . C ha in . I r on ,s ma l l l i nk s . GRAVE 1 79 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . s h a l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one .

GRAVE 1 73 . S econda ry? i n s ma l l b a r row . G rave u nde r s ame b a r row a sg r ave 1 72 ( s ee a bove ) .

3 43

G rav e v e ry

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . Mu l t ip le i n huma t ion , w i th 4 b od ie s . 3s i de b y s i de , w i th a no the rb e low . 5a( uppe r ) : We l l p re served . B e s ide 5 b a nd c . 5 b ( uppe r ) : We l l p re se rved . B e s ide 5 aa nd c . 5 c ( uppe r ) : We l l p re served . B e s ide 5 aa nd b . 5 d( l owe r ) : P oo r ly p r ese rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l ,w i th p l a te . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy , s ma l l ,w i th p l a te . 3 . K n if e .

N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 1 80 . G rave a bou t0 . 92m d eep . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . R ing s . x 2 , 1s i lve r . 1 c oppe r a l loy . S l id ing k no t s ,n ea rn eck . 2 . B ead s . x 6 . Sma l l . N ea rn eck . 3 . P in . S i lve r , s e tw i th g a rne t s . N ea rs ku l l .* 4 . C omb . I vo ry o rb one , d oub le s e t o ft e e th , w i th t wo i v o ry o rb one c a se st oc ove rt e e th .* 5 . S hea r s . I r on . 6 . C ha in . I r on ,s ma l l l i nk s . 7 . B ox . Wooden , w i th c oppe r a l loy a nd i r on l o ck ,w i th i r on k ey . B e tween l owe rl e g s .* 8 . G i rd le -hange r s . x 2 . I r on . 9 . S he l l . C ow ry s he l l . 1 0 . L ea ther f ragmen t . W i th 2 s i lve r h a sp s r i ve ted t oi t . 1 . C ha in . I r on , s ma l l l i nk s . 1 2 . I r on f ragmen t s . GRAVE 1 81 . P r ima ry i n v e ry s ma l l b a r row . b e low g round s u rf ace . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 6 . P r ima ry i nl a rge b a r row . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . H uman b one s i n mound make -up . B u rn t c of f in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rac e le t . C oppe ra l loy , r i gh to fn eck .* 2 . B ead . Ame thy s t . 3 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch , p a r t o f . S i lve r , i n la id w i th s ma l l c en t ra l g arne t . 4 . G la s s p iece . T h ick , w h i t i sh , s qua r ed o n t wo s i de s , ' c onvex a nd c oncave ' . 5 . B ead s . x 2 , p o lych rome g l a s s c y l inde r s . R ed , y e l low a nd w h i te . W i th i r on r i ng s t h readed t h rough t h em .* 6 . K n if e . 7 . S hea r s . I r on .

G rave j u s t

GRAVE 7 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 8 . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

B arf r i s ton . GRAVE 1 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' 0 . 46m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' 0 . 61m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' 0 . 76m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 4 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized '

b a r row .

G rave

GRAVE 8 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row .

G rave

b a r row .

G rave

b a r row .

G rave

b a r row .

U nde r

s ame b a r row a sg rave 7 . B one s a lmo s tg one . N o g r ave g ood s . GRAVE 9 . P r ima ry i nl a rge b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy . S h ie ld -on tongue , w i th t r iangu la rp l a te . GRAVE 1 0 . P r ima ry i nl a rge b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . A du l t , p robab ly m a le . B ones w e l l p r e se rved a nd v e ry l a rge . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck l e . S i lve r , w i th p l a te . N ea rh i p s .*

0 . 76m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE S . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized t o l a rge ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep .

3 44

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . b o t t le . A tf e e t .*

Whee l th rown F r ank i sh

P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' 0 . 6 1m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 1 . P r ima ry i n l a rge b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d e ep . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . L ef ts i de o fh i p s . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . A t f e e t .*

b a r row .

G rav e

GRAVE 1 9 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 61m d eep . B u rn tc off in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 2 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . F i l lo f mound c on ta ined d i s tu rbed h uman b one s . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t tery v e s se l . A tf e e t .

GRAVE 2 0 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rav e 0 . 76m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b ur n t ,c off in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . " Ve ry o l dp e r son" . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . I r on , l a rge , w i th p l a te . N ea r r i gh t h i p .

GRAVE 1 3 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 76m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b u rn t ,c of f in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 5 . 1a me thy s t , 1p o lych rome g l a s s , 3s ma l lg l a s s . N ea rn eck .

GRAVE 2 1 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . B ur n tc of in . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 2 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : I . B uck l e . C oppe r a loy . S ma l l , w i th r e c tangu la rp l a te . N ea rl e f th i p .* 2 . W ood p iece . W i th p i ece o fc oppe r a loy r i ve ted t oi t . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 4 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave n ea r ly 1 . 22m d eep . V e ry t h ick , b u r n t ,c off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 .K n if e . GRAVE 1 5 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized 'b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 6 1m d eep . B u rn tc of f in . C h i ld . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 6 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . Y oung p e r son . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . R igh to fs k u l l . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 3 . rave a bou t 1 . 22m P r ima ry i nl a rge b a r row . G d eep . B ur n tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : i th r e c tangu la r 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy . W p l a te . N ea rr i gh th i p .* 2 . K n if e . o und b o t tomed . 3 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B lack , r A tf e e t .*

G rave

GRAVE 2 4 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave v e ry s h a l low , j u s tb e low n a tu ra lg round s u rf ace . C h i ld . B one sn ea r ly g one . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 7 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 76m d eep . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck le . I r on . Sma l l ,w i th p l a t e . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 5 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one .

GRAVE 1 8 .

3 45

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea ro ra r rowhead . L ef ts i de o fh ead . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . G reen , t h in g l a s s . B roken i n a n t iqu i ty . M idd le o fg rave . 3 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , w i th t r iangu la r p l a te .* 4 . K n if e . 5 . P o t tery v e s sel Whee l th rown b o t t le v a se . A tf e e t .* 6 . C o in s . x 3 , R oman /Byzan t ine . C on s tan t ine , T heodo s iu s ,J u s t in ian . I np o t5 .

P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' 1 . 07m d eep . B one sw e l l p r e se rved . N og rave g ood s .

b a r row .

G rave

GRAVE 3 2 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , w i th i r on p l a te . R igh th i p . 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 6 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . B u rn tc of in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . 2 . P o t te ry v e s se l . A t f e e t . B roken i n a n t iqu i ty .

GRAVE 3 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 0 . 92m d eep . B ur n tc of f in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . R igh to fs ku l l . 2 . S pea rf e r ru le . R igh to ff e e t . 3 . K n if e .

GRAVE 2 7 . P r ima ry i n l a rge b a r row . G rave 1 . 83m d eep . P o s s ib le c r ema t ion d i s tu rbed b y t h is g r ave ; p o t s h e rd s , b ur n t b one s a nd o y s te r s he l l s a tf o o t o f g r ave . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P in . I vo ry?* 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy ,w i th p l a te .* 3 . K n if e . C oppe ra l loy f i t t ing so ns hea th .* 4 . K n if e .* 5 . S pea ro ra r rowhead . R igh to fs ku l l .

GRAVE 3 4 . P r ima ry i n ' l a rg ish ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 83m d eep . V e ry t h ick , b ur n t , c off in . A du l t . B one sw e l l p re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . O va l g a rne t s e t i ng o ld , l o oped . N ea rn eck .* 2 . B ead s . x 2 , s ma l l . 3 . B ead . P o lych rome g l a ss , s t r iped r ed a nd w h i te , o n as i lve rk no t ted r i ng .* 4 . G la s sv e s se l . A tf e e t .* 5 . G la s sv e s se l . A tf e e t .

GRAVE 2 8 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . K n if e . Sma l l . G la s sv e s se l . P ouch b o t t le . A tf e e t .*

GRAVE 3 5 . P r ima ry? i n' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 3 6 . B one sw e l lp r e se rved .

GRAVE 2 9 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . G rave v e ry s ha l low . B one sw e l lp re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

G rave g ood s : I . P la te . F ragmen ta ry c oppe r a loy c i rcu la r p l a te , w i th 5 b o sses . S h ie ld -f i t t ing ? O n r i gh t s i de .* 2 . B uck l e . I r on , w i th p l a te . 3 . K n if e .

2 .

GRAVE 3 0 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 1 . 22m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b ur n t , c of in . B one sv e ry w e l lp re se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . R igh to fk nee s . 2 . K n if e . L ef th i p . 3 . S pear f er ru le . R igh to ff e e t .*

GRAVE 3 6 . P r ima ry? i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . s ame b a r row a sg rave 3 5 . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one .

G rave

U nde r

N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 7 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' 1 . 22m d eep . B u rn tc off in . B one s a lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s :

GRAVE 3 1 .

3 46

b a r row .

G rave

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . 1 .K n if e .

5 . E gg she l l s . 6 . P o t tery v e s se L f e e t .*

GRAVE 3 8 . P r ima ry i ns ma l l b a r row . G rave 0 . 6 1m d eep . B u rn tc of i n . A du l t . B one sv e ry w e l lp r e se rv ed . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 4 ,n ea rn eck . S ma l l . 2 . G i rd l e -hang e r s . x 2 . I r on . N ea rh i p s . 3 . S tap l e . C oppe ra l loy ,s ma l l . 4 . C ha in . I r on ,s ma l l l i nk s .

A t

GRAVE 4 4 . P r ima ry i n ' l a rg i sh ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 22m d eep . B u rn t c of in . G rave a ppea r s t o h ave d i s tu rbed a c r ema t ion ; ap o t a nd b ur n t b one sw e re f o und a tt h e f o o to ft h eg r ave . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld , o va l , l o oped , s e t w i th r e d s t one . N ea rn eck .*

GRAVE 3 9 . P r ima ry? i n ' l a rg i sh ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 4 0 . 4i r on s t ap le s a nd p o t t e ry i n m ound f i l l , p o s s ib ly r e s idua l . B on e sa lmo s tg one . G rav eg ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy . S ma l l , w i th p l a t e , n ea rh i p s . 3 . K n if e . N ea rh i p s .

GRAVE 4 5 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .H and l e . I r on b ox h and le , i nf i l l .

G rave

GRAVE 4 6 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave u nde r0 . 6 1m d eep . B one sw e l lp r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . C oppe r a l loy , s h ie ld -on tongue , w i th t r i angu la r p l a te a nd m a tch ing t r i angu la r b e l t -p la t e . N ea rl e f th i p .* 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 4 0 . P r ima ry? i n ' l a rg i sh ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 07m d eep . U nde rs ame b a r row a sg r ave 3 9 . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 4 7 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s ized ' b a r row . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . B u rn tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h i e ld -bo s s . S uga r loaf t y pe . O n r i gh t s i de . 2 . S h ie ld -f i t t ing s . G r ip , p l u s 3i r on s t ud s . 3 . S wo rd 4 . S pea rhead T ex t i le a dhe r ing , l e f to fs ku l l . 5 . F ea the r s? L ump o fw h i t e f e a the r s , n ex tt o h i l to fs wo rd . 6 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . Sma l l ,w i th p l a t e . 7 . K n if e . 8 . P ebb l e . Sma l l ,b l ack .

GRAVE 4 1 . P r ima ry i ns ma l lb a r row . G r ave v e ry s h a l low . C h i ld . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . S ma l l . GRAVE 4 2 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave 0 . 92m d eep . B u rn tc of in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 3 s ma l l . N ea rn eck . 2 . L a tch l if t e r . I r on , b e tween r i gh t h i p a nd k nee . 3 . H ook I r on ,w i th s u spen s ion r i ng . 4 . K n if e . 5 . C ha in . I r on , s ma l ll i nk s . GRAVE 4 3 . P r ima ry i n ' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . 0 . 76m d eep . B ur n tc off in . B one sa lmo s tg one . G r ave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead L ef to fs ku l l . 2 . S pea rf e r ru l e . 3 . P in . S i lve r . 4 . K n if e .

Whee l th rown b o t t le .

GRAVE 4 8 . P r ima ry i n' m idd le s iz ed ' b a r row . G rave a bou t 1 . 22m d eep . V e ry t h ick ,b u r n t , c of in . A du l t . B one sa lmo s tg one . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld , c i r cu la r , l o oped , s e t w i th r e ds t one . N ea rn eck .* 2 . P endan t . G o ld , o va l , l o oped , s e tw i th r e d s t one . N ea rn eck .* 3 . P endan t . S im i la rt o2 ,b u ts t one m i s s ing .*

G rave

3 47

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . 4 . P endan t . G o ld , o va l , l o oped , s e tw i th r e d s t one . N ea rn eck .* 5 . P endan t . G o ld , t r iangu la r , l o oped , s e t w i th r e ds t one . N ea rn eck .* 6 . B ead s . x 9 . 2a me thy s t s , 7' sma l l ' . 7 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 8 . I r on f ragmen t s . 9 . G la s sv e s se l . P ouch b o t t le . A tf e e t .* 1 0 G la s sv e s se l . P ouch b o t t le . A tf e e t .*

S ke le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd .* 2 . P o t -hang e r . I r on .* 3 . R ing . C oppe ra loy .* GRAVE 3 . G rave d e s t royed b yc ha lk q ua r ry . S ke le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . A ngu la rb l ade ,s p l i ts o ck e t .* 2 . S pea rs ocke t . F ragmen to n ly . 3 .S h i e ld -bo s s ."

2 35 . S i t t ingbourne I ,C ha lkwe l l . I . D i scovered b r ick f ie ld .

March

1 882 ,

i n

GRAVE 4 . G rave d e s t royed b yc ha lk q ua r ry . S ke le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le . G r ey f a b r ic . R ou le t te d eco ra t ion . N eck m i s s ing .*

GRAVE 1 . A x i sN -S . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .G la s s v e s se l . C up , a mbe r c o lou r ed . H e igh t 9 cm ,d i a . 6 . 5cm . 2 . G la s s v e s se l . C up , a mbe r c o lou r ed , s ame d im en s ion sa s( 1 ) . 3 . B ucke th and l e . C oppe ra loy .

I . R e scue e xcava t ion 1 952 -3 a head o fc ha lk q uarry ing . V .I . E v i son . GRAVE 5 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave I .2 . 67m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d .0 . 56m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l t o r i gh t . S ku l l a nd l i mb s o n ly f o und . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 . A x i sN -S . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra loy .

2 37 . S i t t ingbourne I , Murs ton .

GRAVE 6 . A x i s W -E . G rave I .2 . 44m , w . 0 . 84m , d . 0 . 40m . F r agmen t s o fw ood a bove s k u l l m ay i n d ica t ec off in . A du l t , p r obab ly f ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l s l igh t ly r i gh t . S ku l l a nd r ema in so fl e g sa nd l ow e rv e r teb ra t e so n ly . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tr i gh th i p .* 2 . P in . C oppe r a loy , h ead m i s s ing . F ound b e low c h in .* 3 . P in . I r on , p o in t m i s s ing , h ead s p he r ica l . F ound n ea r( 2 ) .*

I .D i scovered 1 929 . GRAVE 1 . G rave 1 . 22m d eep . S k e le ton r e cove r ed ,b u tn od e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S wo rd .

2 40 . S nod land I ,H o lborough . I . D i s turbed b y c ha lk q uarry ing 1 952 .

GRAVE 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 82m , w . 0 . 92m ( h ead e nd ) , 0 . 76m ( f oo te nd ) , d .0 . 38m . Ma tu r e a du l t m a le . E x t ended s up ine . S ku l l , r i gh th ume ru s ,p e lv i sa nd l e g ss u rv iv e . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea r . T o l e f t o fb ody . I n la id p a t te rn o n b l ade . R ema in s o f c o r roded ? f e r r u le a t d i s tance o f2 . 13m f r om t i po fb l ad e .* 2 . S word . O nr i gh tf emu r .*

GRAVE 1 . A x i sa pp rox . W -E . G rave m o s t ly d e s t royed b y c ha lk q ua r ry . M in . 1 .1 . 14m , m in . w . 0 . 86m , d . 0 . 38m i n to c ha lk . N ob one sr e cove r ed . N og r ave g ood sr e cove red . GRAVE 2 . G rav ed e s t royed b yc ha lk q ua r ry .

3 48

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e s S -W . 3 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th g r ip . N ea rr i gh te dg e o f m idd le o f g r ave , a bove f l oo r l e v e l o f g r ave , w i th p o in tp ro jec t ing a bove g r ave e dg e .* 4 . K n if e . U nde rl owe rp a r to fs p ea rs o ck e t .* 5 . B uck le . I r on , l o op o n ly . N ea rk n if e , a tl e f t w a i s t , a mong s t t r ace s o f w ood ( p o s s ib ly = box? ) .* 6 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy . Sma l l . T r iangu la r p l a t e . A s soc ia ted w i th ( 5 ) .* 7 . S pa tu la . C oppe r a loy . A s soc ia t ed w i th

A x i s W -E . G rave i regu la r , 1 .2 . 31m , w . 0 . 9 1m , d .0 . 4 1m . J uven i le , a ged 1 2 15 y ea r s , s e xn o td e t e rm ined . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t i l t ed f o rwa rd . S ku l l , r i gh th ume ru sa nd b o th l e g s s u rv ive . G rave g ood s : 1 . B uck l e . O ne p i ece w i th o pen -wo rk p l a t e d eco ra t ed w i th r i ng -and -do t p unch m a rk s . A t r i gh tw a i s t .* 2 . B ox f i t t ing s . ( a ) a nd ( b )= i ron h and le f r agmen t s , ( c )=coppe r a loy c a t ch . A l so i r on f r agmen t s . A tl e f tp e lv i s .* 3 . K n if e . P robab ly i nb ox ( 2 ) .* 4 . N eed l ef ragmen t . C oppe r a l loy . P o in t a nd h ead m i s s ing . I n( 2 ) .* 5 . C oppe ra l loy l o op . I n( 2 ) .* 6 . S poon b ow L I r on . I n( 2 ) .* 7 . I r on f ragmen t s . R ema in s o f s haf t s , p r obab ly o fk ey s .*

( 5) .* 8 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy . Sma l l . O ne p i ece w i th d eco ra ted p l a te . Wood a t ta ched o n b a ck . A s soc ia ted w i th ( 5 ) .* 9 . P ur se -moun t . I r on , v e ry c o r roded , i nt wo p i ece s . A s soc ia ted w i th ( 5 ) .* 1 0 . C oppe r a l loy f ragmen t s . W i th r u s t a nd p a t ch o fb l a ckened e a r th b y s p ea rhead . May = sma l lb ox . GRAVE 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 82m , w . 1 . 14m ( h ead ) , 0 . 99m ( f oo t ) , d . 0 . 38m d eep . R ec tang le o f b l a ck d u s t ( c a rbon i sed w ood? )=ou t l ine o f c of f in ( 2 .21m b y0 . 53m ) . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l s l igh t ly t o l e f t . S k e le ton i n comp le t e . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . W i th g r ip . x 4 l o z eng e shaped r i v e t s i np a i r s e i the r s i de o fb o s s . O n e dg e , a t m idd le l ef t o f g r ave , p o in t ing t owa rd s g r ave w a l l . T op o fr im i nl i ne w i th c ha lk s u rf a ce .* 2 . S pea r . S pea rhead t ol e f to fs ku l l , f e r ru le a t f o o to fg r ave ,t o ta l l e ng th=2 .28m .* 3 . K n if e . T o l e f t o f p e lv i s , p o in t t owa rd s h ead .* 4 . B uck le . I r on . D oub le r e c tangu la r p l a t e f o lded o ve rl o op . T ra ce so fw i re i n lay o n l o op , a nd p o s s ib le r i ng -and -do to r namen to np l a t e .*

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave ' r ough ly c u t ' , 1 . 2 . 29m ,w . 0 . 64m ,d .0 . 18m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 5-65 y ea r s . F l exed , ? on l e f ts i de? N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 3 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave I .2 . 23m , w . 0 . 7 1m ( h ead ) , 0 . 63m ( f oo t ) , d .0 . 36m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t ol e f t . S ke le ton f a i r ly c omp le t e , b u tr i b sd e s t royed b yr oo t s . N og r ave g ood s . GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave p a r t ly d e s t royed b y q ua r ry , o n ly u ppe rh a lf s u rv ived , m in . I .1 . 37m , 0 . 8 1m , d .0 . 30m . B one sp r e sen t ,n od e ta i l sr e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 .2 . 23m , w . 0 . 69m , d .0 . 43m d eep . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 5 -45 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l lt ol ef t . L ef tf o rea rm f l exed . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 51m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 1 8 -22 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t i l ted b a ckwa rd s . S ke le ton l a rge ly c omp le te . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tl e f th i p ,p o in tt owa rd sh ead .* 2 . P in . C oppe ra loy . S phe r ica l h ead w i th o ne r i ng m ou ld ing . M id c he s t .*

GRAVE 1 0 . rave I .1 . 40m , w . 0 . 56m , A x i s WS W -ENE . G d .0 . 10m . ea r s , s e x n o t d e t e rm ined . I n f an t , a ged 3 6 y S ku l l , l e f t h ume ru s a nd E x tended s up ine . f emu rs u rv ive . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 6 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 .2 . 59m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 48m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l s l igh t ly t o l e f t , l e f t f o r ea rm

GRAVE 1 .

3 49

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave I .2 . 36m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 43m . A du l t m a le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine . F ragmen ta ry s ku l l , a rm sa nd l e g s . N og rave g ood s .

s l igh t ly b en t . S ku l l a nd r ema in s o f a rm s a nd l e g ss u rv ive . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 1 7 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 .2 . 21m , w . 0 . 76m , d .0 . 56m . A du l t m a le , a ged 4 0 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t or i gh t , a rm s f o lded a c ro s s b ody , r i gh ta nk le c r o s sed o ve rl ef t . No g rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x is W -E . G rave 1 . 1 . 98m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d . 0 . 20m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t o r i gh t , b o th h and s o n p e lv i s . S ke le ton f a i r ly w e l l p re served . G rave g ood s : 1 . G la s s f ragmen t . V e ry s ma l l , c o lou r le s s . N ea rr i gh tf emu r .

GRAVE 1 8 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave u nde rcu ta tf oo t , h ead c u t i n to f i l l o f p reh i s to r ic b a r row d i t ch . L . 2 . 29m , w . 0 . 79m ( head ) , 0 . 69m ( f oo t ) , d . 0 . 43m . R omano -B r i t i sh p o t te ry a nd t i l e i nf i l l . 2s ke le ton s . 1 8A : A du l t f ema le , a ged 3 0 -40 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l lt or i gh t . 1 8B : I n f an t , a ged 3 -4 y ea r s , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . O n t op o f r i gh t s i de o f 1 8A . E x tended s up ine . G rave g ood s : 1 .P in . C oppe ra l loy . I nt op so i l a bove g r ave .* 2 . N a i l . I r on , b en t . N ea rt op o fg rave f i l l .* 3 . B uck le . C oppe r a l loy , s ma l l . R ec tangu la r p l a te . O nl owe s tv e r teb rae o f1 8A .* 4 . S hee tf ragmen t s . C oppe r a l loy . O n l e f t f emu ro f1 8A .* 5 . I r on o b jec t . U nde rt op o fs ku l lo f1 8B .* 6 . P in f ragmen t s . I r on . H ead m i s s ing . M idd le o fc he s t , 1 8A .*

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave 1 .2 . 13m , w . 0 . 71m , d .0 . 35m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l s l igh t ly t ol ef t , l ef th and o n p e lv i s . S ke le ton w e l l p r ese rved . N o g r ave g ood s . GRAVE 2 5 . A x is SW -NE . G rave 1 .2 . 21m , w . 0 . 84m ( h ead ) , 0 . 7 1m ( f oo t ) , d .0 . 63m d eep . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t ol ef t , r i gh t h and o n r i gh t f emu r . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 6 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rave I .0 . 94m , w . 0 . 53m , d .0 . 35m . N o b one s r e cove red , b u t z one o f b rown s o i l p robab ly = rema in s o fc h i ld . N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x is WS W -ENE . G rave 1 .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 6 1m , d .0 . 4 1m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 1 8 -25 y ea r s . E x tended o n r i gh ts i de ,s ku l lr i gh t . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 0 . A x i s WS W -ENE .

GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s WS W -ENE .

G rave 1 .2 . 21m , 0 . 76m , d .

0 . 46m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 5 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t o l ef t , b o th h and s o n t op l e f t f emu r . S ku l l , a rm s a nd l e g s o n ly .

G rave I .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 56m ,

d .0 . 38m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t i l ted f o rwa rd , r i gh t a rm s l igh t ly f l exed . S ku l l , a rm sa nd l e g so n ly .

N o g r ave g ood s .

N og rave g ood s .

GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave 1 .2 . 29m , w . 0 . 84m ( h ead ) ,

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s W-E .

0 . 76m ( f oo t ) , d .0 . 46m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . s up ine , s ku l l b en t d own t o r i gh t .

G rave 1 .2 . 51 m , w . 0 . 76m , d .

0 . 43m . A du l t m a le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t o r i gh t , r i gh t a rm f l exed . S ke le ton w e l lp re se rved . N og rave g ood s .

E x tended S ke le ton

c omp le te . N og rave g ood s . GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s WS W -ENE . d .0 . 46m .

GRAVE 2 2 .

3 50

G rave I .1 . 62m , w . 0 . 71m ,

A ppend ix 2 :S i te sS -W . I n f an t , a ged p robab ly u nde r 3y ea r s . S ex n o t d e te rm ined . B one s f r agmen t a ry , s ku l l t or i gh t , a rm ss l igh t ly f l exed . N og r ave g ood s .

A x i s SW -NE . G rave 1 .2 . 31m , w . 0 . 79m , d . 0 . 38m . A du l t m a le , a g ed 3 5 -45 y ea r s . E x tended s up ine , s ku l l t o l e f t . S k e le ton f a i r ly w e l l p r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rav e 1 .2 . 13m , 0 . 68m , d . 0 . 35m . A du l t f ema le , a ged 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p in e , s ku l l t i l t ed f o rwa rd , h and s o n t o p o f f emu r s . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 8 . A x i s SW -NE? G rave I .1 . 0 1m , w . 0 . 51m , d . 0 . 25m . N ob one sf o und . P robab le i n f an tb u r ia l . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s NW -SE? G rave 1 .0 . 86m , w . 0 . 4 1m , d . 0 . 15m . N ob one sf ound ;p robab ly i n f an tb u r ia l . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE 3 9 . G rave d e s t roy ed b yq ua r ry . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 3 0 -35 y ea r s . b o th h ume ru sb one so n ly . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

G RAVE 3 2 . A x i s SW -NE . G rave 1 .2 . 06m , w . 0 . 63m , d . 0 . 4 1m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 -30 y ea r s . E x t ended s u p in e , s ku l lt ol e f t . S ke le ton w e l lp r e se rved . N og r ave g ood s .

2 44 . S ou thf lee t I ,B e tsham .

S ku l l a nd

I . F ound 1 928 , u nder l awn a tJ oyce Ha l l . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ke le ton p r e sen t ,n od e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . G r een g l a s sb ow l .

GRAVE 3 3 . A x i s WS W -ENE . G rav e I .2 . 0 1m , w . 0 . 63m , d .0 . 28m . A du l t f ema le , a g ed 2 0 30 y ea r s . E x tended s u p in e , s ku l l t i l ted f o rwa rd . S k e le ton w e l l p r e s e rved . N og r ave g ood s .

2 47 . S tow t ing I .

GRAVE 3 4 . G rav ed e s t royed b yc ha lk q ua r ry . A du l t m a le , a ged u nde r 4 5 y ea r s . O n ly l ow e r h a lf o fs ke le ton r e cove red . N og r ave g ood sr e cove r ed .

I . F ound d ur ing r oad 1 844 . F . Wrench .

b u i ld ing ,

GRAVE A . G rave b e tween 0 . 60 1 .20m d eep . A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . S t a tu re 1 . 55m . G rave g ood s : a .B ead s . ' Many ' s ma l lg l a s s . b . R ing . C oppe ra loy w i r e . U nde rs ku l l .* c .B ead s . x 2 . G la s s .* d . C o in . ' Sma l lg i l t ' .*

GRAVE 3 5 . A x i s SW -NE . G rave 1 .2 . 11m , w . 0 . 76m , d . 0 . 23m . J uven i le , a g ed c . 1 2 15 y ea r s , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . F ragmen ta ry r ema in s o f s k u l l , a rm sa nd l e g s . N og r ave g ood s .

GRAVE B . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : I .C oppe ra l loy b ow l . O nc he s t .*

GRAVE 3 6 . A x i s SW -NE . G rave 1 .2 . 23m , w . 0 . 7 1m , d . 0 . 30m . A du l t , p robab le m a le , a g ed 1 8 -25 y ea r s . E x t ended s up ine , s ku l l t o r i gh t . S ke le ton f r agmen ta ry . N og r ave g ood s .

I . E xcava ted 1 867 . J .B ren t . GRAVE 1 . A x i sN -S . G rave a pp rox . 0 . 60m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded .

GRAVE 3 7 .

3 51

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . G la s sf ragmen t .

1 0 . G o ld b ra id GRAVE 6 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s NW -SE . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rav eg ood s : 1 . B uck l e . N ea r w a i s t . C oppe r a loy . D e sc r ibed a s" ma s s ive" . 2 . O xt o o th .

GRAVE 7 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 8 . A x i s NW -SE . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e .

GRAVE 3 . A x i s NW -SE . G rave a pp rox . 1 . 05m d eep . P r e sumed a du l t ,t e e th " much g r ound d own" . N og r av eg ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 9 . A x i s N -S . G rave n a r row , i r r egu la r , a pp rox . 2 . 70m l o ng , 1 . 20m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . T ag s . x 5 . C oppe ra loy . A tw a i s t . 2 . B rooch . G i l tc oppe ra loy b u t ton b r ooch . 3 . B rooch . B yl e f ts i de . Sma l l s q ua r e -headed . 4 . B rooch . " Sma l l c i r cu la r b r ooch , s e t w i th g a rne t s" . 5 . B rooch . B roken , l a rge r t h an ( 4 ) . S e t w i th g a r ne t so rg l a s s . May = key s tone g a r ne td i sc . 6 . B rooch . D i sc , R oman . 7 . R ing s / k ey s . C oppe r a loy s u spen s ion r i ng s , a s soc ia ted w i th i r on k ey s . 8 . R ing s . x 2 . I r on . P o s s ib ly a ta ched t o w ooden b ox . 9 . K n if e . 1 0 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 1 . P in f ragmen t . 1 2 . B ead s . c .x 24 . I n c lud ing 1l a rg e a mbe r d i sco id . 1 3 . G o ld b ra id A round s ku l l . 1 4 . S tud h ead ' O rnamen ted '. I S . C o in . R oman ; C on s tan t ine . P i e r ced f o r s u spen s ion . 1 6 . C o in . R oman . 1 7 . M in ia tu r e b ucke t . Wooden , b ound w i th d eco ra ted c oppe r a l loy h oop s . F ound a pp rox . 0 . 25m f r om s ku l l , p ro tec ted b y s l ab s o fc ha lk p l a ced a r ound a nd a bove i t .

GRAVE 4 . A x i sW -E . G rave a pp rox . 1 . 20m d eep . P r e sumed a du l t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rf e r ru le . B yr i gh tk nee . 2 . B uck le . B yr i gh tk nee . C oppe ra loy . 3 . K ey . B yr i gh tk nee . C oppe ra loy . R oman . 4 . C oppe r a l loy p iece . B y r i gh t k nee . S ma l l , t a bu la r . 5 . S t rap -end . N ea r ( 4 ) . C oppe r a loy . H ad b een i nc on ta c tw i th i r on o b jec t . 6 . K n if e . B e s ide ( 2 ) . " Pecu l ia r f o rm" . Wooden s h ea th . 7 .S pea rhead . T or i gh to fs ku l l . L .3 0cm . 8 . P o t te ry v e s se l . S ma l l , b l a ck f a b r ic . T ouched b y s p ea r , a nd a lmo s t t o uch ing s k u l l . F i l led t ob r im w i th c l ea rw a te r . S l ab s o fc ha lk a r ound i to nt h r ee s i de s ,o ne s l ab a bove . Wa te r h ad p e r co la t ed t h rough c ha lk . 9 . B ox f i t t ing s? T h in c oppe r a loy p l a te s a nd w ood f r agmen t s ,a tr i gh tk nee . GRAVE 5 . A x i s NW -SE . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . 3s k e le ton s ; 2a du l t s , a nd 1j uven i le a tf e e t o f , a nd t ot h el e f to f ,o n eo ft h ea du l t s . 5 A : A du l t , s e xn o td e te rm ined . ' L a rg e ' . 5 B : A du l t ,s e xn o td e te rm ined . 5 C : J uven i le . G rave g ood s : 1 .B race l e t . C oppe ra loy w i r e . N ea rk nee s o f 5 C . 2 . T wee ze r s . C oppe ra loy . T o l e f to f5 A . 3 . K n if e . A tl e f ts i de o f5 A . 4 . K n if e . B ys hou lde ro f5 B? S . B ead . B ys hou lde ro f5 B? 6 . ' O rnamen tf ragmen t ' . C oppe ra l loy . W i th ( 4 )a nd ( 5 ) . 7 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . T ongue m i s s ing . 8 . O xt o o th . 9 . P in . C oppe ra loy .

GRAVE 1 0 . A x i s W -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rd ed . P r e sumed a du l tm a le . F emu r ` 0 .53m l o ng ' . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 2 . S tud s . 3 . K n if e . GRAVE 1 .

3 52

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . R e co rded a s ad oub le b u r ia l , b u t p r obab ly r e p r e sen t s t wo s epa ra te g r ave s . U ppe r g r ave ( 1 1 i ) a l igned W -E , l owe r g r ave ( I l i i ) a l igned N -S . l i : N od e ta i l so fs ke le ton r e co rded . l i i : S ke le ton f l exed o nr i gh ts i de . G r av eg ood s( 1 1 i ) : 1 .B ead ' C lay ' . 2 . F ragmen t . C oppe ra l loy p l a t e . G r ave g ood s ( 11 i i ) : 1 .P o t t e ry v e s se l . B lack f a b r ic ,a tf e e t . 2 . B uck le . C oppe ra l loy . T ongue m i s s ing .

S ku l l a pp rox . 0 . 30m u nde r s u rf ace , f e e t m o r e d ep r e s sed . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead G la s s . T or i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . 3 . C o in . I nc oppe ra loy s u spen s ion h o lde r . GRAVE 1 7 . A x i sN -S . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . " Ay oung p e r son" . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 1 8 . A x i sW -E . G rave s ha l low . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 1 2 . A x i s a pp rox . N -S . G rav e 1 . 43m d eep . H ead a nd s h ou lde r so fs k e le ton p l a ced i n ar e ce s s . S k e le ton p re sen t ,n od e ta i l sr e co rded . G r ave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . A tw a i s t . 2 . S t rap -d i s t r ibu tor . C oppe r a loy , o pen w o rk . A tw a i s t . 3 . R ing s o r b rooche s? 2 f l a t c oppe r a loy r i ng s ,a pp rox . 5 cm d i ame te r ,w i th w ood o ri r on p a r t ia l ly a t tached . May = an nu la rb rooche s . 4 . B ead s . N umbe r u nknown , b u t i n c lud ing 1 ' l ong b l ack g l a s s b ug le ' , at r ip le b ead , a nd 7 a mbe rb ead s . N ea rt h en eck .

GRAVE 1 9 . A x i sN -S . G rave 1 . 05m d eep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . x 7 . 2 . K n if e . 3 . K ey s . F ragmen t so fi r on k ey s . GRAVE 2 0 . A x i sW -E . G rave s ha l low . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .K n if e . 2 . K ey s . I r on ,b roken . 3 . B uck l e . I r on . 4 . P o t te ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . F ound c r u shed , c l o se t o g r ound s u rf ace (p lough d amag e? ) . 5 . G la s sf ragmen t . B la ck .

GRAVE 1 3 . A x i sW -E . V e ry i regu la rg r ave . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined , s a id t o b e ' o ld p e r son ' . L y ing o ns i de . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded . GRAVE 1 4 . A x i s W -E . G rave i regu la r , a pp rox . 0 . 60m d e ep . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead ' Sma l l ' ,b yr i gh ts i de . 2 . S t ud s . x 2 . C oppe r a loy , v e ry s ma l l . J u s t b e low s pea rhead . 3 .K n if e . J u s tb e low s pea rh ead . 4 . O xt oo th .

GRAVE 2 1 . A x i s a pp rox .N -S . G rave d e sc r ibed a sc i r cu la r , d i ame te r a pp rox . 2 . 70m , d ep th b e tween 1 . 35 1 . 40m . S i tua ted t h e l owe s t d own t h e h i l l ( d ep th p robab ly ar e su l to fh i l l -wa sh ) . R eco rded a s a mu l t ip le b u r ia l c on ta in ing 6 s k e le ton s ( t hough i t i s p o s s ib le t h a t i t r e p r e sen t s ac l u s t e r o f i n t e r -cu t t ing g r ave s ) . A l l s k e le ton s l a id o n s ame l e ve l . T he s ku l l o f t h e s e cond t o uched t h e l e f t s hou lde r o f t h e f i r s t , a nd t h e s ku l l o ft h e t h i rd t o uched t h e l e f t s hou lde ro ft h es e cond . T he s ku l l s o ft h eo t he r f o u r w e r e p a ra l le l w i th t h e s hou lde r o f t h e s e cond . F ee t w e re ' c u rved r ound , n ea r ly a l tog e the r ' , c o r r e spond ing w i th t h e c i rcu la r g r ave w a l l . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . c .x 100 . I n4 5 n eck la ce s . 1 2 o f t h e n eck la ce s c on s i s ted a lmo s t s o le ly o fs ma l l d oub le a nd t r ip le g l a s s b ead s , a nd ' b ug le s ' . 2 n eck la ce s w e r e c ompo sed o f l a rg e r b ead s .

GRAVE 1 5 . A x i sN -S . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G r av eg ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 8 . ' La rge ' . I n c lude s 2 p o ly ch rome g l a s s a nd 1m e lon b ead . B y l e f t h and . 2 .I r on f ragmen t s . 3 .F ragmen t so ft u be . C oppe ra loy . GRAVE 1 6 . A x i sW -E . G rave ' v e ry s h a l low ' .

3 53

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e sS -W . Ambe r a nd 2 l a rge m e lon b ead s w e r e p r e sen t . T he b ead sl a yn ea ru ppe rc he s t sa nd n eck s . 2 . K ey s . I r on ,f r agmen ta ry . 3 . S p ind l e -who r l s . x 2 . O ne o fs ha le , o ne o f b one . 4 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . 5 . Moun t . C oppe ra l loy . O pen -wo rk . 6 . T e r re tr i ng . C oppe ra loy . I r on A g et y pe . 7 .R ing s . C oppe ra loy . 8 .R ing s . x 2 . I r on . 9 . C o in . R oman ; D ioc le t ian . 1 0 . C o in . R oman ; C on s tan t ine . 1 . C o in s . x 2 . R oman ,2 nd -3rd c en tu ry . 1 2 . I v ory o rb one s egmen t . P e rf o ra ted . F ound n ea r( 1 1) . 1 3 . C oun te r o r b u t ton . B one , p u rp le c o lo ra t ion . 1 4 . B rooch . C i rcu la r , s e t w i th g l a s s . T o l e f t o f3 r do r4 t hs k e le ton . 1 5 . B e ze l . S i lv e rc l o i sonné -wo rk b ez e l .* 1 6 . B rooch . C i rcu la r , v e ry s ma l l , s e t w i th g a rne t s . 1 7 . B rooch . L a rge r t h an ( 1 6 ) . 3g ar n e t s . S l igh t ly d amag ed . 1 8 . B rooche s . x 2 . Sma l l , c i r cu la r , c oppe r a loy . 1 9 . B rooch . S ma l l s qua re -headed . 2 0 . R ing . S i lve rs p i ra l , f o und o n f i ng e rb one . 2 1 . T wee ze r s . I r on . 2 2 . B uck l e . I r on . 2 3 . K n ive s . x 4 . 2 4 . B uck l e . C oppe ra l loy . 2 5 . R ing s . C oppe ra l loy s u spen s ion r i ng s , o ne w i th m in ia tu r ec oppe ra l loy b uck le a t ta ched . 2 6 . R ing . C oppe ra l loy . 2 7 . S t rap -end C oppe ra loy . 2 8 . W i re f ragmen t s . C oppe ra loy .

2 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . GRAVE 2 5 . A x i s W -E . G rave s ma l l , i regu la r . A du l t , s e x n o t d e te rm ined . H ead o fs k e le ton p l a ced o n al e dge o f c ha lk . T ee th m uch d ecay ed ,s ugge s ted d ue t oa ge . G rave g ood s : 1 .B uck l e . C oppe ra loy . Sma l l , b yn e ck .

I I . E xcava ted 1 868 . C .B r en t . GRAVE 2 6 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rd ed . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead .

I V . E xcava ted 1 881 . C .B r en t . GRAVE 2 7 . A x i s W -E . G rave a t b o t tom o f at r ench a pp rox . 3 m d eep , c u t i n to d eep l a y e r o fh i l l w a sh a tb a se o fs l ope . A du l tm a le . H e igh ta bou t 1 . 83m . G rave g ood s : I .S h ie ld -bo s s . ` Con ica l ' .* GRAVE 2 8 . A x i s W -E . G rave i ns ame t r ench a sg r ave 2 7 . A du l t f ema le . S up ine e x tended , r i gh t h and o n s t oma ch , l e g s c r o s sed r i gh t o ve r l e f t . S k e le ton v e ry w e l l p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : I . B ead s . N umbe r u nknown . G la s s , a mbe r , ' c ry s ta l ' . 2 . R ing . I r on , u nde rr i gh th and . GRAVE 2 9 . A x i s W .E . G rave i ns ame t r ench a sg r av e s 2 7 a nd 2 8 . " On ly af ew b one s" . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 2 2 . A x i sW -E . V e ry s ha l low g r ave . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .P o t te ry v e s se l . B lack f a b r ic . " To f r i ab le t o b er emoved" .

GRAVE 3 0 . A x i s W -E . S ke le ton v e ry d ecayed . N og r av eg ood s .

GRAVE 2 3 . A x i sW -E . V e ry s ha l low g r ave . A d jo in s g r ave 2 . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P o t t e ry v e s se l . B la ck f a b r ic . I nf r agmen t s ( p lough d amag e? ) .

GRAVE 3 1 . A x i s W -E . S ke le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 .R ing s . x 2 , i r on ,c o r roded t og e th e r .

GRAVE 2 4 . A x i sW -E . As ha l low g r ave . N od e ta i l so fs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . " Af ew" .

GRAVE 3 2 . A x i sN -S . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rd ed . S ke le ton i nc r ouched p o s i t ion . G rave g ood s :

3 54

A ppend ix 2 :S i t e s S -W . 1 .S pea rhead T ot h er i gh t . 2 . S ea x a nd k n if e . O n t h e l e f t . o ne s h ea th . S eax 3 8cm l o ng . 3 .B one c omb . 4 . R ing . O va l , i r on . 3 . B oa rt u sk . Wo rked .

2 50 . S t rood I .

T oge the r i n

GRAVE 3 3 . D oub le i n huma t ion , o ne s k e le ton a no the r . 3A ( u ppe r ) : C h i ld . S ku l lv e ry s ma l l . G rave g ood s : 1 .T u sk Sma l l . 2 . E a r r ing . G o ld ,s ma l l . 3B ( l owe r ) : A du l tm a le . 1 . S pea rhead L eng th 0 . 24m .

I . F ound d ur ing O c tober 2 6t h, 1 918 .

d ra in

l a y ing ,

GRAVE 1 . A x i sW -E . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S k e le ton p r e sen t . G rave g ood s : 1 . S h ie ld -bo s s . 2 . S pea rhead 3 . P i ece s . x 2 , i r on .

b e low

2 51 . S t rood I l , Coach a nd Horses .

2 49 . S t rood I ,T emp le F arm . I . F ound d ur ing c on s truc t ion w ork , p re -1898 .

I . F ound 1 846 , d ur ing b r ick -ear th d igg ing .

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead 2 . K n if e .

GRAVE 1 . G rave 2 . 13m d eep . F i l l c on ta ined R oman f l ue t i l e s . Ma tu r ea du l t ,p robab ly m a le . S up ine e x t ended , h and sf o lded o nc he s t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead L eng th c .1 7 cm . 2 . K n if e . L eng th c .2 0cm . 3 .K n if e . L eng th c .1 0cm . GRAVE 2 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave r e co rded . S ex a nd a ge n o t d e te rm in ed . l e g sf l exed . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

I . F ound 1 918 , d ur ing d igg ing o f d ra in . GRAVE 2 . A x i s W -E . G rave c .1 . 22m d eep . S ex a nd a ge n o t d e t e rm ined . P r e sumed e x t ended s up ine , l e g sc r o s sed j u s tb e low k nee s , r i gh to ve rl e f t . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead T or i gh to fs ku l l . 2 . S h i e ld -bo s sa nd g r ip . B yw a i s t .

O n r i gh t s i de ,

I . F ound 1 852 d ur ing b r ick -ear th e xcava t ion s .

2 58 . T eynham I .

GRAVE 3 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G r ave g ood s : 1 .S word B lade 7 9cm l o ng ,h i l t I l cm l o ng .* 2 .S pea rhead O fS wan ton 's t y pe H 2 .* 3 . K n if e . S t ra igh te dge ,c u rved b a ck .* 4 . S h ie ld -bo s s . C onvex d om e , d i sc -headed a pex .* 5 . B uck le . C oppe r a loy , c a s t o va l l o op , s h ie ld -on tongue .* 6 .S t ud s . C oppe ra l loy ,s ho e shaped .* 7 . L ip . C oppe ra l loy , l i po fd r ink ing h o rn .* 8 .S h ie ld -g r ip . S ho r tg r ip .* 8 . S h ie ld -g r ip . S hor tg r ip .*

I .F ound Apr i l 1 894 . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs k e le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . P l a t ed d i sc , C la s s 2 ( Aven t c o rpu sn o . 1 56 ) .* 2 . P endan t . G o ld , c i r cu la r w i th s u spen s ion l o op . F i l ig r ee d eco ra ted . 3 . P endan t . G o ld , c i rcu la r w i th s u spen s ion l o op . G a rne ta nd f i l ig r ee d eco ra t ed . 4 . B ead B roken ,w i th l o op f o rs u spen s ion . 5 . B ead . P o rphy r i t ic m a rb le . T h r eaded w i th s i lve rw i r e .

3 55

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W .

2 62 . Upchurch I ,O t terham C reek . I .

F ound

1 852 ,

d ur ing

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . C o in s . x 2 S cea t ta s , P ada IB a nd I I ( c . AD 6 60 -80 ) .*

g rave l

d igg ing . I . E xcava ted 1 989 . A rchaeo log ica lR e scue Un i t .

GRAVE A . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . S ke le ton p re sen t ,n oo the rd e ta i l sr e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .B rooch . C ompo s i te d i sc .* 2 . B ead s . Ame thy s t . 3 . P o t tery v e s se l . Whee l th rown b o t t le .* 4 . P o t tery v e s se l . R oman : S am ian p a te ra , s t amped T ITT IVS .F . 6 . G la s sv e s se l . G reen . P a lm c up .*

GRAVE 2 . D e ta i l so fg r ave n o tp ub l i shed . D oub le i n huma t ion , t wo s ke le ton ss i de b ys i de . 2 A : A du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 . S pea rhead . 2 . S pea rhead . 2 B : A du l tf ema le . G rave g ood s : 1 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch . 2 . B ead s .

2 65 . Wes tbere I . I .

K en t

F ound J u ly 3 0t h3 1 g,1 931 ,

2 70 . Wh i t f ie ld I .

d ur ing g rave ld igg ing .

I .F ound 1 976 , d ur ing p ipe l a y ing . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR e scue U n i t .

GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i l so fg r ave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . B ead s . x 52 . C ry s ta l , a mbe r , p a s te ,p ea r l .* 2 . B ead s . x 38 . A s 1a bove .* 3 . B ead s . x 5 a me thy s td rop s . O nn eck lace w i th 4 ,5 ,6 , 7b e low .* 4 . P endan t . G o ld ,t r iangu la r , l o oped . S e t w i th p u rp le s ub s tance .* 5 . P endan t . G o ld , o va l , l o oped . S e tw i th s a rd o rc a rne l ion c abochon .* 6 . P endan t s . x 3 . G o ld ,c i rcu la r , l o oped .* 7 . B ead s . Ambe r ,p a s te ,g l a s s .*

( GRAVE 1 . ) A x i s E -W . G rave r e c tangu la r , c u t i n to c ha lk . S l op ing s i de s c hange s ha rp ly t o v e r t ica l 3 0cm a bove f l a t b a se . B a se o f g rave 1 . 50m b e low g round s u rf a ce . F i l l = cha lk l ump s a nd b rown l o am . Ma tu r e a du l t , p robab ly f ema le . S up ine e x tended . O n ly u ppe r h a lf o f s ke le ton e xcava ted . G rave g ood s : 1 . N a i l s . x 4 . I r on . L a rge , p robab ly c off in n a i l s .

2 68 . Wes twe l l I .

2 71 . W ickhambreaux I , S upper ton F arm .

I .F ound 1 858 . GRAVE 1 . N od e ta i ls o fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 .C oppe ra l loy b ow l . F ragmen t s . 2 . G la s sv e s se l . Ambe rc o lou r ed , c up . F ound i n( 1 ) .

I .

E xcava ted J anuary 1 887 .

G .

D owker . GRAVE 1 . A x i s W -E . G rave ' l a rge ' . N o s k e le ta l r ema in s r e co rded .

3 .G la s s v e s se l . Ambe r c o lou red , c up . F ound i n( 1 ) .

G rave g ood s : 1 . C oppe r a l loy b ow l . C op t ic , o pen -wo rk f oo t . Two h and le s .* 2 . S word . A t b o t tom o fg rave . R ema in s o f

2 69 . Wh i t f ie ld I ,O ld P ark . I .E xcava ted 1 952 .

l e a the rs cabba rd . 3 . S tud G o ld , s e t i nc i rcu la r p i ece o f i v o ry . F ound u nde rh i l to f( 2 ) .*

3 56

A ppend ix 2 :S i tes S -W . 4 .

B uck le .

Go ld ,

w i th

c o lou red

g l a s s

o rnamen t . S h ie ld -on tongue , t r iangu la rp l a te .*

3 b : S ke le ton a tf e e to f3 a . G rave g ood s ( 3a ) :

3 . G la ss v es se l . C law b eake r . A t e a s tern e nd o fg r ave , n ea rp o in to fs wo rd .*

2 . S pea rhead .

1 .S h ie ld -bos s .

2 72 . W ickhambreux I , S todmarsh .

GRAVE 4 . G rave ' T ' s haped ; c u t t ing g raves .

I .E xcava ted c .1 847 .

2s ke le tons , o ne a tf e e to ft h e o the r . No d e ta i ls o fs ke le ton s r e co rded . G rave g oods ( 4a ) :

GRAVE 1 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . P os s ib le c r ema t ion .

1 .P o t tery v e sse l . A t f e e t . 2 . S he l l . C ow r ie . 3 . B ead s . 2 -3 a me thy s ta nd ' e a r then ' b ead s .

N o

b ones

r e co rded ,

b u t

c on ten t s

s ugges t

4 . P endan t s . x 2 . Go ld . 5 . R ing s . ' Seve ra l ' . S i lve r , s ma l l .

p o s s ib le d oub le b u r ia l o f ma le a nd f ema le . G rave g oods : 1 . C opper a l loy b ow l . L o s t .* 2 . S pearhead s . L os t* 3 . S h ie ld -bos s . L o s t .* 4 . B rooch f ragmen t .

S qua re -headed .

6 . B race le t . S i lve r . 7 . P in . S e tw i th r ed g la ss .* 8 .

S qua re -headed .

B rooch .

P la ted d i sc b rooch .

C la ss 2

( Aven tc orpus n o . 1 57 )*

S i lve r ,

G rave g ood s ( 4b ) :

L e igh S e r ies I ( Sd .11) .* 5 . B rooch f ragmen t . ( Le igh S d .1-2 ) . *

p robab ly e qua ls t wo i n te r -

1 . C opper a l loy b ow l .

S i lve r

O n c he s t .*

6 . B rooch . B u t ton b rooch .* 7 . B uck le a nd p la te . G i l t -coppe r a loy , t r iangu la rp l a te .*

I . E xcava ted Augu s t 1 854 . Akerman .

8 . S k immer .* 9 . S tud . Go ld , s e tw i th g r een ish s t one .*

GRAVE 5 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded .

1 0 . B uck le . S h ie ld -on tongue .*

J .Y .

P robab le a du l tf ema le .

1 . B uck le . S h ie ld -on tongue .* 1 2 . R ive t s . x 2 . S hoe -shaped .*

G rave g ood s : 1 .B ead s . ' Seve ra l ' . 2 . S p ind le -whor l . B one , w i th i r on s p ind le .

2 76 . W inqham I ,W i therden F arm . I . E xcava ted May 1 0 th 1 843 .

3 . B ead . Ame thy s t . GRAVE 6 . No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e corded .

L ord

A du l t , s ex n o td e term ined .

A . C onyngham .

G rave g ood s :

GRAVE I .

1 . T ag . I r on . A tw a is t . 2 . R ing . I r on . 3 . B uck le . I r on .

No d e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . S ke le ton p re sen t . No o the rd e ta i ls r e co rded .

2 78 . Woodnesborouqh I , Coombe .

G rave g ood s : 1 .C ha in l i nk s . B e tween l e g s . 2 . K n if e .

B ys i de .

GRAVE 2 .

I .

N od e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . S ke le ton "mou lde red a way" . G rave g ood s :

B oreham .

1 845 .

W .W .

G rave c apped b y c l ay l a ye r , s a id t o h ave b een

GRAVE 3 .

a r t if ic ia l . G rave c .1 . 83m b e low c l ay l a ye r .

N od e ta i ls o fg rave r e co rded . 2s k e le tons . P oss ib ly e qua l s t wo i n te r -cu t t ing

B urn t

p resen t ,

n o

o t he r

b ones

f ound

i n c oppe r

a loy b ow l .

I n c luded p ar t s o fc heekbone a nd l owe rj aw .

g r aves . S ke le ton

c .

GRAVE I . P oss ib ly p r ima ry c r ema t ion i nb a r row .

1 .B race le t . A tc en t re o fg rave .

3 a :

E xcava ted

G rave g ood s :

d e ta i ls

r e co rded .

3 57

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W . 1 . S word . B ronze a nd s i lve r -g i l t h i l t f i t t ing s , d eco ra ted w i th n i e l lo a nd e a r ly S ty le I o rnamen t . P or t ion s o f t e x t i le a dhe r ing t o b l ade . S a id t oh ave b een ' w rapped i nc l o th ' .* 2 . B ronze b ow l . D rop shaped h and le s , o pen w o rk t r ipod f oo t , s h ie ld shaped e s cu tcheon s . ' Ve i l ' o f c l o th f ound l a id o ve r b ow l , w h ich c on ta ined c r ema ted b one s .* 3 . B rooch . F ragmen t o ff oo t o fs i lve r s qua r e h eaded b rooch ,w i th g a rne ts e t t ing .* 4 . B ead s . x 9 -14 . Ambe ra nd g l a s s .* 5 . G la s s v e s se l . P a lm -cup , o l ive g r een . ( Ha rden t y pe X a ( i ) ) .* 6 . G la s sv e s se l . C law -beake r , p a le g r ey -g reen . L owe rp a r t so n ly s u rv ive . ( Ha rden t y pe I c ) .* 7 . S word . L o s t . 8 . S pea rhead . L o s t . ' W rapped i nc l o th ' . 9 . A xe -head . L o s t .*?

GRAVE 4 . A x i s SW -NE? P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row a pp rox . 1 . 22m h igh . L aye ro fc ha r coa l a nd a sh a tb a se o f mound , o ve r ly ing g rave . G rave c u ti n to c ha lk , d ep th a pp rox . 0 . 92m . A du l t , s ex n o tr e co rded . No g rave g ood sr e co rded .

I I . E xcava ted 1 858 . C .R . Sm i th a nd L .B . L ark ing . Wye IB ? GRAVE 5 . A tf oo to f Wye H i l l , n ea rr oad . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . P robab le a du l tm a le . G rave g ood s : 1 .S h ie ld -bo s s . 2 . G la s s v e s se l . C one b eake r , H a rden 's t y pe I l Ia i i .2 . 3 . " Sma l l er o b jec t s" . 4 ? S pea rhead S im i la r t o ap i lum . P o s s ib ly n o tf r om t h i sg rave .

2 85 -287 . Wye I ,Wye Downs . I . E xcava ted c .1 842 . W .S . Morr i s . Wye IA .

GRAVE 6 . P r ima ry i nb a r row . O n s umm i to f Wye H i l l , t o l ef to fD ove rr oad . J uven i le , s ex n o td e te rm ined . N og rave g ood sr e co rded .

GRAVE 1 . A x i s SW -NE? P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' l a rge ' . N od e ta i l so fg rave r e co rded . Y oung a du l t ma le . S ke le ton w e l l p r e se rved , b u t d i s tu rbed . S ku l l m i s s ing , a nd b one s i n h eap a te nd o fg rave . N og r ave g ood sr e co rded .

I . E xcava ted Apr i l 1 842 . Morr i s .

GRAVE 7 . A x is SW -NE . P r ima ry i nb a r row . O n s umm i t o f Wye H i l l , t ol ef to fD ove rr o ad . N o d e ta i l s o fg rave r e co rded . A du l tm a le . " Ve ry t a l l" . G rave g ood s : 1 .S pea rhead . B yr i gh ts hou lde r . 2 . K n if e . O nc he s t . ' Sma l l ' .

W .S .

GRAVE 2 . A x i s SW -NE . P r ima ry i n b a r row . B a r row ' sma l l ' . H e igh ta pp rox . 0 . 92m . G rave c u ti n to c ha lk , d ep th a pp rox . 0 . 30m . A du l t , s ex n o t d e te rm ined . S ke le ton p oo r ly p r e served . No g rave g ood s . GRAVE 3 . A x i s SW -NE?

P r ima ry i n b a r row .

I . E xcava ted O c tober 4f i, 1 862 . F rom Wye o rC runda le D own s . GRAVE A . N o d e ta i l so fg rave o rs ke le ton r e co rded . G rave g ood s : 1 . P endan t . G o ld . A pp l ied c r uc if o rm d e s ign . G a rne ts e t t ing i nc en t re . 2 . P endan t . S i lve r . S e tw i th g a rne t . 3 . B ead s . x 15 , a me thy s ta nd g l a s s . 4 . P in . C oppe ra l loy . G ar n e ts e th ead . 5 . R ing s . x 2 , s i lve rf i nge rr i ng s .

H e igh t

a pp rox . 1 . 22m . G rave ' s ha l low ' . A ge a nd s ex n o t r e co rded .

S ke le ton w e l l

p r e se rved . G rave g ood s : 1 . C or rod ed i r on . 2 . L ea ther f ragmen t . Sma l l p o r t ion o f t wo t h ick l a ye r s o f l e a the r , j o ined t oge the r a nd

6 . E a r r ing s . S i lve rw i re , o n w h ich b ead s w e re s t rung . 7 . B rooch .

G ar ne t i n la id d i sc .

F ragmen t .

N ow l o s t .

p e rf o ra ted .

I I . E xcava ted 1 939 . L .J . A ckroyd a nd R .L .B e l lhou se . Wye IC .

3 58

A ppend ix 2 :S i te s S -W .

GRAVE 8 . A x is N -S . P r ima ry i nb a r row . H e igh t 1 . 22m a t c en t re ,d i ame te r 1 0 .67m . G rave r e c tangu la r , 1 . 2 . 74m , w . 1 . 22m , d . 0 . 76m b e low n a tu ra l c ha lk s u rf ace . G rave d i s tu rbed . F ragmen t so fb one o n ly r e cove red . N og rave g ood sr e cove red .

3 59

A ppend ix 3

Append ix 3 :I ndex o fS i te s . A co l .

S ee A eo l /B i rch ing ton I .

A co l /B irch ing ton . S i te s 1 3 . Ad i sham D own . S ee B eke sbou rne I . A erodrome . S ee B eke sboume I . A lbany P lace . S ee D ove rI I . A ld ing ton /Lympne . S i te 4 . A sh . S i te s 5 -7 . A shford . S i te s 8 -9 . A y le sf ord . S i te s 1 0 13 . B arf r i s ton ,B arf re s ton . S ee S hephe rd swe l l -w i th -Co ld red I . B arham . S i te s 1 4 19 . B arham D owns . S ee B a rham I ,B i shop sbou rne I . B arrack s . S ee C an te rbu ry V I I I . B ay H i l l . S ee S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e I . B ay le ,T he . S ee F o lke s tone I . B eacon H i l l . S ee D ea l I V . B eke sbourne . S i te s2 0 -21 . B e l levue . S ee L ympne I . B e lmon tP ark . S ee T h row ley I . B e t sham . S ee S ou thf lee tI . B if ron s . S ee P a t r ixboume I . B igbury . S ee H a rb ledown I . B ignore s . S ee D a r tf o rd I . B irch ing ton . S i te s2 2 -25 . B i shop 's P a lace . S ee C ha r ing I . B i shop sbourne . S i te s2 6 -30 . B orden . S ee S i t t ingboume I . B ough ton A luph . S i te 3 1 . B ough ton -under -B lean . S i te 3 2 . . B ourne P ark . S ee B i shop sbou rne Ia nd B r idge I . B ow A rrow L ane . S ee D a r tf o rd I V . B ox ley . S i te s3 3 -36 . B ox ley H i l l s . S ee B ox ley I . B rabourne . S i te s3 7 -39 . B rabourne D own s . S ee H a s t ing le igh I . B rabourne L ee s . S ee B rabou rne I . B radford P la t t . S ee Wro tham I . B rads tow S choo l . S ee B road s ta i r s I . B reach D owns . S ee B a rham I . 3 60

A ppend ix 3

B ren t ,T he . S ee D a r tf o rd I I . B rewery . S ee Ma id s tone I . B r ickf ie lds . S ee M i l ton R eg i sI . B road S tree t . S ee H o l l ingbou rne I . B road s ta ir s . S i te s4 0 -42 . B rook send . S ee B i rch ing ton I I . B roome P ark . S ee B a rham I V . B roomf ie ld . S ee R ecu lve rI . B roomf ie ld /Recu lver . S ee H oa th /Recu lve rI . B rown R oad . S ee G rave send I . B uck land . S ee D ove rI . B ur s tead Wood . S ee Uppe rH a rd re s /B ishop sbou rne I . B u shey Wood . S ee Ay le sf o rd I V . B u t t so le . S ee E a s t ry I . C an terbury . S i te s4 3-53 . C a s t le H i l l . S ee D ove rV I . C a thedra l . S ee R oches te rI V . C a thedra lP rec inc t s . S ee C an te rbu ry I I . C a tho l ic Church . S ee D ea l I . C en tra lP ark . S ee D a r tf o rd V I I . C ha lk H i l l . S ee R am sga te V I I I . C ha lkwe l l . S ee S i t t ingbou rne I . C hape lF arm . S ee H or ton K i rby I I . C hapman 's P i t . S ee No r ton /O sp r inge /Ea s t l ing I . C har ing . S i te 5 4 . C harre E s ta te . S ee O tf o rd I . C har tS u t ton . S i te 5 5 . C har tham . S i te s5 6 -57 . C har tham D own . S ee C ha r tham I . C har thon Manor . S ee F a rn ingham I . C ha tham . S i te s5 8 -59 . C ha tham L ine s . S ee C ha tham I . C herry Garden H i l l . S ee F o lke s tone I . C h i s le t . S i te s6 0 -61 . C hurch . S ee P a t r ixbou rne I ,W ickhamb reaux I I . C hurch L ane . S ee C an te rbu ry X I . C hurchf ie ld . S ee S nod land I V . Churchyard . S ee F ave r sham I ,H a r r ie t sham I ,M in s te rI . C lay lane Wood . S ee S ho rne I . C l if f e . S i te 6 2 . C l if f e -a t -Hoo . S ee C l if f eI . 3 61

A ppend ix 3

C l if f sE nd . S ee R am sga te I X . C oach a nd Hor se s . S ee S t rood I I . C obham . S ee S home I . C op S tree t , Cup S tree t . S ee A sh I I . C ook 's L ane . S ee M i l ton R eg is I . C oombe . S ee Woodne sbo rough I . C our tL odge F arm . S ee H a r r ie t sham I I . C our t -a t -S tree t ,C our t le -S tree t . S ee A ld ing ton /Lympne I . C ow s l ip Wood . S ee B eke sboume I . C ranford Meade . S ee D a r tf o rd V I I I . C ranmer Hou se . S ee C an te rbu ry V I . C rayf ord . S i te s6 3-65 . C r i spe Road . S ee A co l /B i rch ing ton I I . C runda le . S i te s 6 6 -67 . C runda le D owns . S ee C runda le I . C ux ton . S i te 6 8 . D ane sB ank s . S ee C ha r tham I . D aren th . S i te 6 9 . D aren th P ark . S ee D a ren th I . D ar tf ord . S i te s 7 0 -78 . D ea l . S i te s7 9 -86 . D eer son F arm , D ear son F arm . S ee P re s ton I . D ence P ark . S ee H e rne B ay I . D en ton C our t . S ee G rave send I . D i t ton . S i te 8 7 . D o l land 's Moor . S ee N ew ing ton I . D over . S i te s 8 8 -94 . A l so s e e Wh i tf i e ld I . D over H i l l . S ee F o lke s tone I I . D over R oad . S ee C rayf o rd I I . D roveway ,T he . S ee S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e I . D ump ton P ark . S ee B road s ta i r s I . D un ton G reen . S i te 9 5 . D urham H i l l . S ee Dove rI I . E a sden . S ee We s tbe re I . E a s tB rabourne . S ee B raboume I . E a s tL enham . S ee L enham I I . E a s t Ma i l ing . S i te s 9 6 -97 . E a s tS tudda l . S ee S u t ton I . E a s try . S i te s9 8 -102 . E a s try House . S ee E a s t ry I w e s t . E a s try M i l l . S ee E a s t ry I V . 3 62

A ppend ix 3

E cc le s . S ee Ay lesf o rd I . E lmswood F arm . S ee Dove rV I I I . E ynsford . S i tes 1 03-106 . E ynsford /Farn ingham . S i te 1 07 . E y thorne . S i te 1 08 . F a ir Meadow s . S ee M i l ton R eg is I I . F arn ingham . S i te 1 09 . F aver sham . S i tes 10 -111 . F ing le sham . S ee Nor thbou rne I . F o lke s tone . S i te s 12 -116 . F o l ly Road . S ee F o lkes tone V . F reedown . S ee R ingwou ld -w i th -K ing sdown I . F u l s tone Manor . S ee S i t t ingbou rne I L G as A l ley . S ee Ma rga te I . G a swork s . S ee S nod land I V . G i l l ingham . S i tes 17 -119 . G i l ton , Gu i l ton . S ee A sh I . Godmer sham . S i te 1 20 . Go lds tone . S ee A sh I I . Go lf L ink s . S ee R ingwou ld -w i th -K ing sdown I V . Gor se A l ley . S ee Ma rga te I . G rave send . S i tes 1 21-123 . G rea t B rook send . S ee B i rch ing ton I I . G rea t Mongeham . S ee D ea l I I a nd I V . G reenw ich . S i tes 1 24 125 . G reenw ich P ark . S ee G reenw ich I . G rove F erry . S ee C h is le t I . G rove P i t . S ee W ickhamb reaux I V . G rovehur s t . S ee M i l ton R eg is V . Gus ton . S i te 1 26 . Hack ing ton . S i te 1 27 . Ha lf -M i le R ide . S ee Ma rga te I . H arb ledown . S i te 1 28 . H arr ie t sham . S i tes 1 29 -131 . H as t ing le igh . S i te 1 32 . H e lve l lyn A venue . S ee R amsga te V . H erne B ay . S i tes 1 33-134 . H er sden , H er s ing . S ee We s tbe re I . H igh Meadow . S ee Dove rI V . H igh Road . S ee C rayf o rd I I . H igham . S ee S horne I . 3 63

A ppend ix 3

H ighborough H i l l . S ee E a s t ry V . Hoa th . S i te 1 35 . H oa th /Recu lver . S i te 1 36 . Ho lborough . S ee S nod land I . H o l l ingbourne . S i te s 1 37 138 . Hoo F arm . S ee M ins te rI I . H oo J unc t ion . S ee S ho rne I . Horns C ro s s . S ee S tone ( n ea rD a r tf o rd )I . Hor ton . S ee C ha r tham I . Hor ton K irby . S i te s 1 39 14 1 . Ho th . S ee H oa th I . How le t t s . S ee L i t t lebou rne I . Hugg in 's F ie lds . S ee M i l ton R eg i s I I . Hy the . S i te s 1 42 143 . I ckham . S i te s 1 44 145 . I ckham /Beke sbourne /L i t t lebourne . S i te 1 46 . I gh tham . S i te 1 47 . J oyce Ha l l . S ee S ou thf lee tI . K ems ing . S i te 1 48 . K ems ley D own . S ee M i l ton R eg i s V I . K env i l le D own . S ee C ha r tham I . K ing 's F ie ld . S ee F ave r sham I . K ing sdown . S ee R ingwou ld -w i th -K ing sdown I I . K ing s ton . S i te s 1 49 a nd 2 90 . K ing s ton D own . S ee K ing s ton I . L ad 's F arm . S ee S nod land I I . L aundry H i l l . S ee M in s te rV . L eeds . S i te 1 50 . L enham . S i te s 1 5 1153 . L ids ing . S ee B ox ley I . L inden thorpe R oad . S ee B road s ta i r sI . L i t t le Char t . S i te 1 54 . L i t t lebourne . S i te s 1 55 156 . L i t t lebrook . S ee D a r tf o rd I . L ong H i l l . S ee Wh i tf ie ld I . L ord o ft he Manor . S ee R am sga te I V . L ower Ha l s tow . S i te 1 57 . L ower S horne . S ee S ho rne I . L u l l ing s tone . S ee E yn sf o rd I . L ydden . S i te 1 58 . L ym inge . S i te s 1 59 161 . 3 64

A ppend ix 3

L ympne . S i te s 1 62 164 . Ma id s tone . S i te s 1 65 -167 . Marga te . S i te s 1 68 -173 . Marke tS quare . S ee Dove rV I I . Mar shborough . S ee Woodne sbo rough I V . Mar te l lo D a iry F arm . S ee F o lke s tone I V . Mar tyr s ' F ie ld . S ee C an t e rbu ry I . Marwood F arm . S ee A ld ing ton /Lympne I . Mere 's C our t . S ee S i t t ingbou rne I I . Mer sham . S i te s 1 74 175 . M ick leburgh H i l l . S ee H e rne B ay I . M i lky D own . S ee N ew ing ton I . M i l lF ie ld . S ee A sh I V . M i l lH i l lI . S ee D ea l I . M i l lH i l lI . S ee D ea l I . M i l lS erv ice S ta t ion . S ee R ipp le I . M i l lbank . S ee H oa th I . M i l lmead E s ta te . S ee Ma rga te I V . M i l ton R eg i s . S i te s 1 76 182 . M inn i sB ay . S ee B i rch ing ton I . M ins ter . S i t e s 1 83 -190 . M ins ter in -Sheppey . S i te 1 9 1 . Mongeham B o t tom . S ee D ea l I I . Monk ton . S i te s 1 92 193 . Monk ton C our t F arm . S ee Monk ton I . Moun tP lea san t . S ee M in s t e rV I I . Mur s ton . S ee S i t t ingboume I I . N e thercour tE s ta te We s t . S ee R am sga te V I . N e thercour tF arm . S ee R am sga te V . N ew R iver . S ee C rayf o rd I . N ew ing ton . S i te s 1 94 195 . N on ing ton . S i te 1 96 . N or thbourne . S i te 1 97 . N or thdown . S ee Ma rga te I I . N or thf lee t . S i te 1 98 . N or ton /O spr inge /Eas t l ing . S i te 1 99 . Odeon C inema . S ee D ea lV I . O lan t igh Moun t . S ee Wye I . O ld P ark . S ee Wh i tf ie ld I . O ld T i l tY ard . S ee G reenw ich I . O ld We s tga te F arm . S ee C an te rbu ry V I . 3 65

A ppend ix 3

O rp ing ton . S i te 2 00 . O tf ord . S i te 2 0 1 . O t terham C reek . S ee G i l l ingham I ,U pchu rch I . O zenge l l ,O senga l , Oz inge l l . S ee R am sga te I V . P ark R oad . S ee R am sga te I . P arr ing ton 's L ane . S ee S nod land I . P a tr ixbourne . S i te s2 02 -203 . P egwe l lB ay . S ee R am sga te I X . P i lgr im 's Way . S ee B rabou rne I I , H a r r ie t sham I ,T hu rnham I . P o lh i l l . S ee D un ton G reen I . P or tL ympne . S ee L ympne I . P o s t l ing . S i te 2 04 . P owder M i l ls . S ee D a r tf o rd I . P re s ton . S i te 2 05 . P re s ton Ha l l . S ee A y le sf o rd I . P r imrose H i l l . S ee Monk ton I . P r iory H i l l . S ee D ove rI . Qu ince C o t tage . S ee Wro tham I . R amsga te . S i te s2 06 -214 . R ecu lver . S i te s2 15 -216 . R ecu lver F ore shore . S ee R ecu lve rI . R edsu l lA venue . S ee D ea l V I I . R ichborough . S ee A sh I I I I . R ing lemere F arm . S ee Woodne sbo rough I I . R ingwou ld . S ee R ingwou ld -w i th -K ing sdown I . R ingwou ld -w i th -K ing sdown . S i te s2 17 -220 . R ipp le . S i te 2 21 . R i se ley . S ee H o r ton K i rby I . R oche s ter . S i te s2 22 -225 . R oche s ter R oad . S ee A y le sf o rd I I . R oman V i l la . S ee I c kham I ,S nod land I V . R ondeau E s ta te . S ee M i l ton R eg i s I V . S t . A ugus t ine 's . S ee C an te rbu ry I X . S t .A ugus t ine 's C o l lege . S ee R am sga te I . S t . D uns tan 's . S ee C an te rbu ry V I . S t . E dmund 's Church a nd V icarage . S ee D a r tf o rd I X . S t .J ohn 's . S ee Ma rga te I . S t . L awrence . S ee R am sga te V a nd V I I . S t . Margare t 's -a t -C l if f e . S i te s2 26 -229 . S t . Mar t in 's . S ee D ove rV I I . S t . Mar t in 's Churchyard . S ee C an te rbu ry I . 3 66

A ppend ix 3

S t .P ancras ' . S ee C an te rbu ry X . S t .P e ter 's . S ee D ove rV I I . S t .P e ter 's T ip . S ee B road s ta i r s I I . S t .S epu lchre 's . S ee C an te rbu ry V I I . S a l i sbury Road . S ee S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e I . S a lme s tone G range . S ee Ma rga te V I I . S and H i l l s . S ee D ea lV I I I . S and tun . S ee H y the I . S andw ich . S i te 2 30 . S arre . S i te 2 31 . S axon S hore F or t . S ee D ove rV I I . S he lf ord F arm . S ee H ack ing ton I . S hepherdswe l l -w i th -Co ldred . S i te 2 32 . S horne . S i te s2 33 -234 . S hor tB ros . Work s . S ee R oche s te rI I . S iber t swo ld . S ee S hephe rd swe l l -w i th -Co ld red I . S i t t ingbourne . S i te s2 35 -238 . Smee th . S ee Me r sham I . S nod land . S i te s2 39 -242 . S ou th D aren th . S ee H o r ton K i rby I . S ou thf lee t . S i te s2 43-244 . S pr inghead . S ee S ou th f lee tI . S quare ,T he . S ee L enham I . S tane sH i l l . S ee We s tbe re I . S tar H i l l . S ee R oche s te rI . S tar I nn . S ee C ha tham I . S ta t ion Approach . S ee R am sga te I . S todmar sh . S ee W ickhamb r eaux I . S tone ( near D ar tf ord ) . S i t e2 45 . S tone ( near F aver sham ) . S i te 2 46 . S tour S tree t . S ee C an te rbu ry V . S tow t ing . S i te s2 47 -248 . S tow t ing C ommon . S ee S t ow t ing I . S trood . S i te s2 49 -251 . S trood I . S ee C ux ton I . S trood H i l l . S ee S t rood I I . S upper ton F arm . S ee W ickhamb reaux I . S urrenden P ark . S ee L i t t le C ha r tI . S u t ton . S i te s2 52 -253 . S u t ton Down s . S ee S u t ton I . S wad l ing D own . S ee C ha r tham I . 3 67

A ppend ix 3

Swan L ane . S ee C rayf o rd I . Swan ley . S i te 2 54 . T emp le Ewe l l . S i te s2 55 -256 . T emp le F arm ,T emp le E s ta te . S ee S tood I . T emp le H i l l . S ee D a r tf o rd I X . T eynham . S i te s2 57 -258 . T horne F arm . S ee M in s te rI V . T horn ton . S ee E a s t ry I e a s t . T hrow ley . S i te 2 59 . T hurnham . S i te s2 60 -26 1 . T hurnham F r iar s . S ee T hu rnham I . T o l lB ar C o t tage . S ee E yn sf o rd I V . T ownsend F arm R oad . S ee S t . Ma rga r e t 's -a t -C l if f e I . T remwor th D own . S ee C runda le I . U pchurch . S i te 2 62 . U pdown . S ee E a s t ry I I . U pper D ea l . S ee D ea lV . U pper Hardre s /B i shop sbourne . S i te 2 63 . U p s tree t . S ee C h i s le tI . V a le t ta House . S ee B road s ta i r s I . V a l ien tS a i lor . S ee F o lke s tone I V . Wa ter send . S ee T emp le Ewe l l I . Wa t t 's A venue . S ee R oche s te rI . We s tC l if f . S ee R am sga te I . We s t Wickham . S i te 2 64 . We s tbere . S i te s2 65 -266 . We s terham . S i te 2 67 . We s tga te C our t , We s tga te F arm . S ee C an te rbu ry V I . We s twe l l . S i te 2 68 . Whee ler S tree t . S ee Ma id s tone I . Wh i te F ie lds . S ee Wro tham I . Wh i tehea th . S ee H o l l ingbou rne I . Wh i tf ie ld . S i tes 2 69 -270 . Wick Wood . S ee B a rham V . Wickhambreaux . S i te s2 7 1-275 . W i l le sborough . S ee A shf o rd I . Wingham . S i te 2 76 . Wi therden F arm , Wi therden H a l l . S ee W ingham I . Woodne sborough . S i te s2 77 -279 . Wor th . S i te s2 80 -281 . Wou ldham . S i te 2 82 . 3 68

Append ix 3

Wro tham . S i tes 2 83-284 . Wye . S i te s 2 85-289 . Wye D owns . S ee Wye I .

3 69

A ppend ix 4 .

Append ix 4 : L i s t o f mu seum s a nd b od ie s h o ld ing ma ter ia l f rom t he K en t i sh c eme ter ie s . A shmo lean museum , Oxf ord . A sh I ;B i rch ing ton I ; C ha tham I ;F ave r sham I ; Monk ton I ;S a r r e I . B eaney I ns t i tu te ,C an terbury . S ee R oya l Mu seum , C an te rbury . B irm ingham museum . F ave r sham I . B radf ord U n iver s i ty . A y le sf o rd I . B r igh ton museum . L i t t leboume I ;L ympne I . B r i t i sh Mu seum . B a rham IA ; B a rham I ; B rabou rne I I ; B road s ta i r s I ; B road s ta i r s I I ; C an te rbu ry I ; C ha tham I ; C h i s le t I ; C l if f e I ; C runda le I ; C runda le I ; C ux ton I ; D a ren th I ; D ove r I ; D ove r V ; E yn sf o rd I ; F ave r sham I ; H ack ing ton I ; H oa th I ;H oa th /R ecu lve r I ;I c kham I ;L i t t leboume I ; L ym inge I ; Ma id s tone I I ; Ma rga te I I ; M i l ton R eg i s I ;M i l ton R eg i s I ; M i l ton R eg is I I ; M i l ton R eg i s I V ; M i l ton R eg i s V I I ; M in s te r I ; Nor thf lee t I ;R am sga te I V ; R ingwou ld -w -K ing sdown I ; R oche s te r I ; S a r re I ; S i t t ingboume I ;S i t t ingbou rne I V ; S nod land I ; S nod land I V ; S t ow t ing I ; We s te rham I ; Wh i tf ie ld I ; W ickhamb r eux I ; W ickhamb reux I V ; W ingham I ; Wro tham I ; Wye IB . B r i t i sh Mu seum ( Na tura lH i s tory ) . B a rham IA ; B a rham I ; B eke sboume I ; D ove r I ; F ave r sham I ; M i l ton R eg i s I V ; R am sga t e I V ; R am sga te I X ; R ingwou ld w i th K ing sdown I ;S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e I V ; Wye IB . B roads ta ir s( Counc i lO f f ice s ) . B road s ta i r s I . B roads ta ir s( Pub l ic L ibrary ) . B road s ta i r s I . B rom ley museum . O rp ing ton I . B ury S t . E dmund s museum . D ove rV . C ambr idge U n iver s i ty . F ave r sham I ;N or thbou rne I ;S nod land I . C an terbury mu seum ( The R oya l Mu seum , C an terbury ) . A sh I ; B a rham IA ; B a rham I V ; B eke sbou rne I ; B i shop sbou r ne I V ; B raboume I ; C an te rbu ry I ; C an te rbu ry I V ; C an te rbu ry V I I I ; C h is le t I ; C h is le t I ; C runda le I ; E a s t ry I ; F ave r sham I ; G odme r sham I ;G reenw ich I ; H ack ing ton 1 ; I c kham /Beke sboume /L i t t leboume I ; L i t t leboume I ; L ym inge I I ; L ympne I I ; Me r sham I ;M i l ton R eg is I ; R ecu lve r I ;R ecu lve r I ; S andw ich I ;T eynham I ; We s tbe re I ;W ickhamb reux I ;W ickhamb reux I ; W ickhamb reaux V . C an terbury A rchaeo log ica lT rus t . B raboume I I ; C an te rbu ry V ; C an te rbu ry V I ; M in s te rV I I ;N ew ing ton I . C hap ter l i brary ( Can terbury ) . C an te rbu ry I I .

3 70

A ppend ix 4 .

C h iche s ter mu seum . F o lk e s tone I I ;L ympne I ;Me r sham I . C ranbrook S choo l . L ympne I I . D ar t f ord mu seum . D a r en th I ;D a r tf o rd I I ; D a r tf o rd V I I ;F a rn ingham I ;H o r ton K i rby I ;S t one ( n ea rD a r tf o rd ) I . D ea lC a s t le . D ea lI I . D ea lL ibrary . E a s t ry I . D ea lT own H a l l . D ea lV I I I . D over museum . D ea lI ;D ea l I ;D ove rI ; D ove r I I ; D ove r I V ; D ove rV ; M i l ton R eg i s I ; S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e I ; S t . Ma rga r e t 's -a t -C l if f e I ; Wh i tf i e ld I . F o lk e s tone mu seum . F o lk e s tone I ;F o lke s tone I I ;H y the I ;L ympne I ; S t ow t ing I . G i l l ingham l i brary . G i l l ingham I . G rave send l i brary . N o r thf lee tI . H erne B ay p ub l ic l i brary . H e rne B ay I ;H e rne B ay I ; R am sga te I I ; R ecu lve rI . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR e scue U n i t . D ov e rI ;D un ton G reen I ;E a s t ry I I ; M in s t e r in -Sheppey I ;Wh i tf ie ld I . L eed s mu seum . G u s ton I . L iverpoo l mu seum . A sh I ;A sh I I ; B eke sboume I ;B i r ch ing ton I ;B i shop sbou rne IA ; C an te rbu ry I :C ha r tham I ;C runda le I ;K ing s ton I ;P o s t l ing I ;S hephe rd sw e l l -w i th -Co ld r ed I ;S t rood I ;Woodne sbo rough I . Ma id s tone mu seum . A y le sf o rd I ;A y le sf o rd I I ; A y le sf o rd I V ; B a rham IA ; B ox ley I ; B ox ley I ; B ox ley I V ; C an t e rbu ry V I I ; C ha r t S u t ton I ;C ha r tham I ; D a r tf o rd I ; D a r tf o rd V I ; D i t ton I ;E a s t Ma i l ing I ;E a s t ry I ; F a rn ingham I ;F ave r sham I ;G i l l ingham I ;G i l l ingham I I ; G rave send I I ; H a r r ie t sham I ;H a r r ie t sham I ; H o r ton K i rby I ;H o r ton K i rby I I ; H y the I ; I g h tham I ;L i t t le C ha r t I ;L ym inge I ; Ma id s tone I ; Ma id s tone I ;M i l ton R eg i sI ;M i l ton R eg i s I ;M i l ton R eg i s V I I ;N o r thf lee tI ;O tf o rd I ;P a t r ixboume I ; P r e s ton I ;R ecu lve rI ; S a r r eI ;S home I ;S nod land I ;S ou thf lee t I ;S t ov v t ing I ;T hu rnham I ;U pchu r ch I ;We s tW ickham I ;We s tw e l l I ; Wou ldham I ;Wro tham I ;Wro tham I ; Wy e IB . Ma i son D ieu ,O spr inge ( Lord N or thbourne C o l lec t ion ) . N o r thbou rne I . Marga te p ub l ic l i brary . B road s ta i r s I ;Ma rga te I .

3 7 1

A ppend ix 4 .

P i t tR iver s mu seum ,F arnham . A shf o rd I ;F ave r sham I ;T eynham I . P i t tR iver s mu seum , Oxf ord . F ave r sham I ; N o r thf lee tI . P owe l l -Co t ton mu seum , Quex P ark ,B irch ing ton . B i r ch ing ton I ;L i t t lebou rne I ;R am sga te I V ;R am sga t eV I I I . R ichborough C a s t le mu seum . A sh I . R oche s ter mu seum . F ave r sham I ;R oche s te rI ;R oche s te rI ;S ho rne I ;S t rood I ; U p chu r ch I . R oya lC o l lege o fS urgeon sc o l lec t ion . B road s ta i r sI ;K ing s ton I . S af f ron Wa lden mu seum . Woodne sbo rough I . T ru s tf o rT hane tA rchaeo logy . M in s te rI I ;M in s t e rI V ;M in s t e rV I ; Monk ton I . T oron to mu seum . H a rb ledown I . V ic tor ia a nd A lber t mu seum . A shf o rd I ;F a v e r sham

I .

A ppend ix 5 .

A ppend ix 5 : B ib l iography a nd l i s to fa bbrev ia t ion s . Ä berg N 1 926 T he A ng lo -Saxon si nE ng land . U pp sa la . A ck royd L J ,B e l lhou se R L a nd J e s sup R F 1 939 A r o und b a r row o n Wye D own s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 1 ,2 15 -7 . A g er B M 1 983 A nA ng lo -Saxon c r u c if o rm b rooch f r om L ym inge . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 9 ,5 9 6 5 . A g er B M 1 985 T he s ma l le rv a r ian t so ft h eA ng lo -Saxon q uo i tb rooch . A ng lo -Sa xon s t ud i e si n a r chaeo logy a nd h i s tory 4 ,1 58 . A ger B M 1 989 A nA ng lo -Saxon s uppo r t ing -a rm b r ooch f r om E a s t ry , K en t . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 3 , 1 48 -50 . A g er B M a nd D aw son D W 1 989 A S axon c eme t e ry s i t ea tS he lf o rd F a rm ,C an te rbu ry . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 07 , 1 07 15 . A k erman JY 1 847 A nA rchaeo log ica lI nd ex t or ema in so fa n t iqu i ty o ft h eC e l t ic , R omano -B r i t i sh a nd A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod s . L ondon . A kerman JY 1 852 O ns ome o ft h ew eapon so ft h eC e l t ic a nd T eu ton ic r a ce s . A rchaeo log ia 3 4 , 1 7 11 89 . A kerman JY 1 855a R ema in so fP agan S axond om .L ondon . A kerman JY 1 855b N o t e so fa n t iqua r ian r e sea r che s i nt h es umme ra nd a u tumn o f1 854 . A rchaeo log ia 3 6 , 1 75 -86 . A kerman JY 1 857 -9 A b one d i sk , f o und i nt h eA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tW ingham i nK en t . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r i e so fL ond on 1 'tS e r ie s4 ,1 99 . A kerman JY 1 861 A nA ng lo -Saxon C ruc if o rm b r ooch . . .f ound . . .a tC an te rbu ry . P roceed ing so ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 'd S e r ie s 1 ,2 87 . A lcock L 1 98 1 Q uan t i ty o rq ua l i ty : t h eA ng l ian g r ave so fB e rn ic ia . I nE v i son ( e d . ) 1 98 1a , 1 68 -86 . A l len JR 1 898 Me ta lb ow l so ft h eL a t e -Ce l t ic a nd A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod s . A rchaeo log ia 5 6 ,3 9 -56 . Amyo tJ1 843 -9 A b ronze p a t e ra ,d i scove r ed . . .n ea rW ingham , K en t . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc i e ty o f A n t iqua r i e so fL ondon S e r ie s I ,1 ,3 . A nder son T 1 993 A nA ng lo -Saxon c a se o fH ype ro s to s i sF ron ta l i sI n te rna . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 12 ,2 53 -9 . A nder son T 1 996 C ran ia lw eapon i n ju r ie sf r om A ng lo -Saxon D ove r . I n te rna t iona lJ ourna lo f O s t eoa rchaeo log y6 ,1 0 14 . A nder son T a nd A ndrew sJ1 997 T he h uman s k e le ton s . I nP a r t in a nd B rugmann 1 997 ,2 14 -39 . A ndr ew P a nd P enn K 1 994 A nE a r ly S axon m oun tf r om D ea l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 14 ,4 37 -8 . A ndrew sG 1 985 T he A rchaeo log yo fC an t e rbu ry :A nA s se s smen t . HB MC f o rE ng land . L ondon .

3 73

A ppend ix 5 .

A nonymou s 1 834 No te i na ppend ix . A rchaeo log ia 2 5 , 6 04 . A nonymous 1 844 R epor to nt h e f i r s ta nnua l m ee t ing o ft h e BAA , C an te rbu ry , S ep tembe r , 1 844 . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l 1 ,2 67 -83 . A nonymous 1 847 A rchaeo log ica l i n te l l igence . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l4 ,1 45 164 a nd 2 52 -264 . A nonymous 1 853 T he Ma rga te , R am sga te a nd B road s ta i r sg u id e , 2 4 . 859 T he K en tA rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty 2 nd a nnua l m ee t ing . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 , A nonymous 1 x xx i i i -x l i i i . 863 T he K en tA rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty 5 t h a nnua l m ee t ing . A A nonymous 1 rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 , x xxv i i -x l i i i . A nonymous 1 866 M i sce l lanea . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 ,3 29 -31 . A nonymous 1 909 Annua l R epo r t s 1 906 1908 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 8 , l x x lxx iv . 920 R e sea rche sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t , 1 9 15 19 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 3 4 , 1 53A nonymou s 1 1 62 . A nonymous 1 924 D i scove r ie sa tH ow le t t s , K en t . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l4 ,2 76 -7 . Anonymous 1 933 T he e xcava t ion sa tW ingham , K en t , i n1 854 . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l 1 3 , 1 72 , p l s . x xx -xxx i . A nonymous 1 938 T he K en tA r chaeo log ica l S oc ie ty r e por tf o rt h ey ea re nded 3 1s tD ecembe r 1 9 37 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 0 , x xxv i i l i . A nonymous 1 939 A ng lo -Saxon a n t iqu i t ie s f r om K en t . B r i t i sh Mu seum Q ua r ter ly 1 2 , 7 0 1 . A nonymous 1 951 T he R oya lm u seum , C an te rbu ry , r e por tf o r 1 950 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 4 , x l i i i x l iv . A nonymous 1 969 E xcava t ion sa tD a r tf o rd . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 6 , 1 7 . 973 T he F au s se t tC o l lec t ion a tL ive rpoo l . A n t iqu i ty 4 7 , 2 31 . A nonymou s 1 978 A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry n ea rE a s t ry . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 5 1 ,2 1 . A nonymous 1 989 I mpor tan tS axon d i scove ry o n Wh i tf ie ld H i l l , D ove r . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew A nonymous 1 9 6 , 1 21 . Anonymous 1 994 Wo rk b yt h eC an te rbu ry A r chaeo log ica lT ru s t 1 993 -4 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 14 ,4 57 -66 . A nonymous 1 996a I n te r im r epo r to ne xcava t ion s i na dvance o ft h ed ua l l ing o ft h e A 253 b e tween Monk ton a nd Moun tP l ea san t ,T hane t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 16 , 3 05 10 . Anonymous 1 996b S he lf o rd P ropo sed L andf i l lE x ten s ion . A rchaeo log ica l D e sk S tudy b y C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t ,J u ly 1 996 . A nonymous 2 003 I n te r im r epor t so nr e cen tw o rk c a r r ied o u tb yt h eC an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t . I nA rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 23 ,2 91-308 .

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A ppend ix 5 .

A nonymous 2 004a I n te r im r e po r t so nr e cen tw o rk c a r r ied o u tb yt h eC an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica l T ru s t . I nA rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 24 , 3 65 -374 . A nonymous 2 004b S pr ing /wad Q ua r te r , N or thf lee t , K en t : A rchaeo log ica lE va lua t ion R epor t . T ru s t f o r We s sex A rchaeo logy u npub l i shed r e po r t . A n t iquary 4 7 ( 19 11) . A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l6 5 ( 1908 ) . A rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 2( 1 888 -9 ) . A rno ld C 1 980 Wea l th a nd s oc ia ls t ruc tu re : am a t te ro fl i f ea nd d ea th . R ah tz e ta l . 1 980 , 8 1142 . A rno ld C J 1 982 T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie so ft h eI s le o fW igh t . L ondon . A ven tR 1 973 A nA ng lo -Saxon v a r ian to f aMe rov ing ian r ounded -p laque b uck le . Med ieva l A rchaeo log y 1 7 , 1 26 -8 . A ven tR 1 975 A ng lo -Saxon g a rne ti n la id d i sc a nd c ompo s i te b rooche s . B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l R epo r t sB r i t i sh S e r ie s 1 , Ia nd I ,O xf o rd . A ven tR 1 976 A f r agmen to f aMe rov ing ian r o unded -p laque b uck le f r om t h eA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tS a r re . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 2 ,2 25 -7 . A ven t Ra nd L e igh D 1 977 A s t udy o fc r o s s -ha tched g o ld f o i l s i nA ng lo -Saxon j ewe l le ry . Med ieva l A rchaeo logy 2 1 , 1 46 . A ven t Ra nd E v i son V I 1 982 A ng lo -Saxon b u t ton b rooche s . A rchaeo log ia 1 07 , 7 7 -124 . A ykroyd R G , L ucy D , P o l lard A M , a nd R ober t s CA 1 999 N a s ty , b ru t i sh , b u t n o t n ece s sa r i ly s ho r t : A r e con s ide ra t ion o ft h e s t a t i s t ica l m e thod s u sed t o c a lcu la te a ge a td ea th f r om a du l t h uman s ke le ta la nd d en ta la ge i n d ica to r s . Ame r ican A n t iqu i ty 6 4 , No . 1 ,5 5 . B akka E 1 958 O nt h eb eg inn ing o fS a l m ' sS t y l e Ii nE ng land . H i s to r isk -an t ikva r i sk r ekke 3 , U n ive r s i te te t iB e rgen Ä rbok . B akka E 1 969 A R oman b ronz em oun tf r om T ronde lag . N orweg ian A rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 2 ,9 4 . B ar t le t t JP 1 845 A no rnamen ta lb ronz ep i n . J ou rna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 1 , 3 16 -7 . B ar t le t tT 1 854 -6 O b jec t so ft h eA ng lo -Saxon p e r iod . . .f rom . . .Breach D own , K en t . P roceed ing so f t h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon l gS e r ie s3 ,1 37 -8 . B a tche lor D 1 990 D a ren th P a rk A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry , D a r tf o rd . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 08 , 3 5 7 2 . B a t te ly J 1 745 A n t iqu i ta te sR u tup inae . O xf o rd . B ayne s EN ,E van s Aa nd Sm i th R A 1 907 -9 N o te s o n 2s ma l l u rn sa nd ag l a ss b eake ra nd b ow lo f S axon d a te f ound a tB u t t so le ,E a s t ry ,K en t . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s2 2 ,3 63 -7 .

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A ppend ix 5 . B eck R T 1 940 Un reco rded S axon c eme te ry a tT hu rnham , K en t . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l2 0 , 3 80 -2 . B edo G 1 872 -3 R oman r ema in sd i scove r ed a r ound F ave r sham ,C o . K en t . T he R e l iqua ry 1 3 , 1 4 1-7 . B enne t tP 1 980 I n te r im r epor to ne xcava t ion s i n1 980 b yt h e C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t ,4 :6 8 6 9a S tou rS t ree t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 6 ,4 06 10 . B enne t tP 1 982 O ld We s tga te C our tF a rm S i te ,L ondon R oad . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 8 , 2 20 -2 . B enne t tP 1 988 T he C hanne lT unne l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 06 , 1 4 -16 . B enne t t Pa nd Wi l l iams J 1 997 Monk ton . C ur ren tA rchaeo log y 1 5 1 ,2 58 -264 . B idd le M 1 969 T he e a r thwo rk sa r ound S t . Ma ry in -Ca s t ro . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l 1 26 ,2 64 -5 . B land 1 846 -7 G la s sv e s se l s . . ,f o und a t . . .O t te rham C r eek , n ea rU pchu rch . J ourna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 2 ,3 47 . B lums te in M 1 956 T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tP o lh i l l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 0 , 2 78 . B odd ing ton A 1 990 Mode l s o f b u r ia l , s e t t lemen t a nd w o r sh ip : t h e F ina l P ha se r e v iewed . S ou thwo r th ( ed . ) , 1 990 , 1 77 -99 .

I n

B öhme H W 1 974 G e rman i sche G rabf und e d e s 4 . b i s 5 .Jah rhund er t s z w i schen u n te re r E lbe u nd L o i re . Münchne rB e i t räge z u rV o ru nd F rühge sch ich te 1 9 , 2v o lume s , München . B ou l ter H E 1 933 A ng lo -Saxon r ema in s f o und a tR am sga te . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 4 5 ,2 83 -4 . B oy sW 1 787 E x t rac to fl e t te rt oD r . S immon s . A rchaeo log ia 8 ,4 49 . B oy sW 1 792 C o l lec t ion sf o ra nH i s to ry o fS andw ich i nK en t , C an te rbu ry . B radshaw J 1 969 A shf o rd a nd a r ea a r chaeo log ica l g roup . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 4 ,2 34 -6 . B radshaw J 1 975 A shf o rd A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 1 , 2 02 -4 . B renan J 1 985 A no pen -wo rk h ang ing -bow l e s cu tcheon f r om We s tW ickham . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 02 , 1 93 -8 . B renan J 1 991 Hang ing b ow l sa nd t h e i rc on tex t s . A na rchaeo log ica ls urvey o ft he i rs oc io -econom ic s i gn if i cance f rom t h e5 th t o7 t hc en tu r ie sA .D . B r i t i sh A rcha eo log ica lR epo r t s B r i t i sh S e r ie s2 20 , O xf o rd . B ren tC 1 883 No te so nA ng lo -Saxon d i scove r ie sa tS tow t ing . J ourna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l A s soc ia t ion 3 9 , 8 4 -6 . B ren tJ1 863a A ccoun to ft h e S oc ie ty 's r e sea rche s i nt h e S axon c eme tery a tS a r r . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 ,3 05 -22 . B ren tJ1 863b A c o l lec t ion o fR oman p o t te ry a nd o t he rr ema in s f o und d u r ing t h e s umme ro f1 862 , a t C an te rbu ry a nd i t sn e ighbou rhood . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s2 , 2 00 -3 . B ren tJ1 866 A ccoun to ft h e S oc ie ty 's r e sea r che s i nt h eA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tS a r r . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 ,1 57 -85 .

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A ppend ix 5 . B ren tJ1 867 A na ccoun to fr e sea rche s i na n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tS tow t ing i nK en t . A rchaeo log ia 4 1 , 4 09 -20 . B ren tJ 1 868 A ccoun to ft h e S oc ie ty 's r e sea rche s i nt h eA ng lo -Saxon c eme tery a tS a r r , p ar t I I . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 ,3 07 -21 . B ren tJ 1 871 R epor t o ft h e p rog res s o fa n t iqua r ian r e sea rch i nK en t , 1 870 . P roceed ing s o ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iquar ies o fL ondon 2 nd S e r ies 5 ,1 24 -30 . B ren tJ 1 875 R epor to n a r chaeo logy i nt h ee a s tern p or t ion o fK en t . P roceed ing s o ft h eS oc ie ty o f A n t iquar ies o fL ondon 2 nd S e r ies 6 ,3 75 -81 . B r i t i sh Archaeo logy No . 4 4 . B r i t i sh Num i sma t ic J ourna l 3 rd S e r ie s 7( 1952 ) , 3 9 -51 . B rock E P L 1 884 No te o n e xh ib i to fs ke tche s o fS axon s h ie ld -bo ss a nd s pea rhead f r om D a r tf o rd . J ourna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA ssoc ia t ion 4 0 , 1 20 1 . B rook s N 1 989 T he c r ea t ion a nd e a r ly s t ruc ture o ft h e K ingdom o fK en t . I nB a sse t t ( ed . ) , T he o r ig ins o fA ng lo -Saxon k i ngdoms . L e ices ter , 5 5 -74 . B rown G B 1 913 -14 A n e a r ly s poon f ound i nK en t . B ur l ing ton Maga z ine 2 4 , 9 9 -100 . B rown G B 1 915 S axon a r ta nd i n dus t ry i nt h e p agan p e r iod . T he A r t s i nE ar ly E ng land , 3a nd 4 , L ondon . B rown P D C a nd S chwe izer F 1 973 X -Ray f l uorescen t a na ly s is o fA ng lo -Saxon j ewe l lery . A rchaeome t ry 1 5 , 1 75 -92 . B rowne T 1 884 Work s I I ( Bohn 's e d i t ion ) . B ruce -M i tford R L S 1 974a A ng lo -Saxon g o ld s wo rd moun t f r om Ma ids tone , K en t . T he A n t iqua r ie s J ou rna l5 4 , 2 86 . B ruce -M i tford R L S 1 974b No te o n as qua tj a r i nb lue g l a s s f r om D ea l , K en t . I nB ruce -M i tf o rd ( e d . ) ,A spec t s o fA ng lo -Saxon A rchaeo logy , L ondon . B ruce -M i tford R L S ( e d . ) 1 974c A spec t s o fA ng lo -Saxon A rchaeo logy , L ondon . B ruce -M i tford R L S 1 987 H ang ing b ow ls . I nM . R yan ( e d . ) 1 987 , I r e land a nd i n su lar a r t AD 5 00 1 200 , Dub l in , 3 0 -9 . B rugmann B 1 999 T he r o le o fC on t inen ta l a r tef ac t types i n 6f ic en tury K en t ish c h rono logy . I nH ines e ta l1 999 , 3 7 -61 . B rugmann B 2 002 G la s sB ead sf rom A ng lo -Saxon G raves . As t udy o n t h ep rovenance a nd c hrono logy o fg la ss b ead sf rom A ng lo -Saxon g rave s b a sed o nv i sua le xam ina t ion . U npub l i shed t h es is . B ubb R 1 883 H i s tor ica la nd D e scr ip t ive G u id et ot h eI s le o fT hane t . B urche l l JP T a nd B ra i l sford JW

1 948 P o t te ry f r om Nor thf lee t , K en t . T he A n t iquar ie sJ ourna l

2 8 , 1 86 -9 . B ushe -Fox JP 1 949 F ou r th r epor to n t h ee xca va t ions o ft h eR oman f or ta tR ichborough , K en t . R epor ts o ft h e R esea rch C omm i t tee o ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ies o fL ondon 1 6 .

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A ppend ix 5 .

C ampbe l l J( ed . ) 1 982 T he A ng lo -Saxon s . O xf o rd . C arver M 0 H ( ed . ) Woodb r idge .

1 992

T he A ge o fS u t ton H oo : T he 7 m c en twy i n n or th -we s te rn E urope .

C ave A J E 1 943a R epor t o n h uman r ema in s f r om C he r ry G a rden H i l l t umu lu s , I X .40 , n ea r F o lke s tone . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 6 ,2 9 -33 . C ave A J E 1 943b C an t iana 5 6 , 7 1-3 . C ave A J E 1 945 C an t iana 5 8 , 8 3 -5 .

R epo r t o fh uman r ema in s f r om S t . Ma rga re t 's -a t -C l if f e , K en t .

A rchaeo log ia

R epor t o n ah uman s ku l l f r om t h e F reedown , R ingwou ld , K en t .

A rchaeo log ia

C hadw ick S E 1 958a T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tF i ng le sham , K en t : ar e con s ide ra t ion . Med ieva l A rchaeo logy 2 ,1 7 1 . C hadw ick S E 1 958b No te o n a n E a r ly A ng lo -Saxon s qua re -headed b rooch f r om C an te rbu ry . A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l3 8 , 5 2 -7 .

T he

C har le sT 1 844 E x t rac to fl e t te rt o C R Sm i th ,0 7 /04 / 1842 . A rchaeo log ia 3 0 , 5 35 -6 . Ch i l ton -S imp son M W 1 927 L e t te rt o 0 G SC rawf o rd , 2 3 /08 / 1927 . C hr i s t le in R 1 973 B e s i tzab s tuf ungen z u r Me row inge rze i t i m S p iege l r e iche r G rabf unde a u s We s t u nd S üddeu t sch land . J ah rb .RGZM 2 0 , 1 47 -80 . C hr i s t le in R 1 978 D ie A lamannen . A rchäo log ie e i ne sl e bend ig en V o lke s . S tu t tga r t . C leere H 1 974 T he R oman i r on i n du s t ry o ft h e Wea ld a nd i t sc onnec t ions w i th t h e C la s s i s B r i tann ica . A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l 1 3 1 , 1 7 1199 . C leere H 1 976 S ome o pe ra t ing p a rame te r s f o r R oman i r on w o rk s . A rchaeo logy 1 3 ,2 33 -246 .

B u l l e t in o f t h e I n s t i tu te o f

C lu t ton -Brock J 1 976 T he a n ima l r e sou r ce s . I nW i l son D M ( e d . ) 1 976 , 3 73-392 . C oa te s R P 1 867 J ourna l2 4 ,2 81-2 .

N o te o n t h e d i scove ry o f b u r ia l s a t H o r ton K i rby , K en t .

T he A rchaeo log ica l

C oa te s RP 1 868 N o te o nA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tH o r ton K i rby , K en t . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l 2 5 ,9 4 . C o l l ins A E 1 992 A rchaeo log ica le va lua t ion o fH y the Ha ven . U npub l ished m anu sc r ip t . C onway M

1 918

B u rgund ian b uck le s a nd C op t ic i n f luence s . P roceed ing s o f t h e S oc ie ty o f

A n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 nd s e r ie s3 0 ,6 3 -89 . C onyngham A 1 844a A n a ccoun to ft h eo pen ing a nd e xam ina t ion o f ac on s ide rab le n umbe ro ft umu l i o nB reach D own s , i nt h ec oun ty o fK en t . A rchaeo log ia 3 0 ,4 7 -56 . C onyngham A 1 844b A ccoun t o ft h e o pen ing o fs ome A ng lo -Saxon g rave s a tW ingham , i nK en t . A rchaeo log ia 3 0 ,5 50 1 . C ook JM 1 960 Two g l a s sb ang le s f r om M i l ton R eg i s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 4 , 1 81-2 .

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A ppend ix 5 .

C ook N C 1 928a A rcha eo logy : A ng lo -Saxon . R oche s te rN a tu ra l i s t6 ,N o . 1 3 1 , 1 06 -7 . C ook N C 1 928b A R oman s i t ei nt h eC hu r ch F i e ld a tS nod land . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 4 0 ,7 9 -83 . C ook N C 1 933 L e t te rt ot h eO rdnance S u rvey , 1 8 /03 / 1933 . C ook N C 1 936 A rchaeo logy i nK en t 1 9 36 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 4 8 ,2 34 -5 . C ope land A J 1 893 -5 A b r onz eb ow l . . .wa shed u pn ea rR ecu lve r , K en t . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc i e ty o f A n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 21 S e r ie s 1 5 , 1 38 . C ope land A J 1 895 -7 A b r onz e w e igh t , f o und n ea rG rove F e r ry , n ea rF o rdw ich , K en t . P roceed ing s o ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ond on 2 nd S e r ie s 1 6 , 1 74 -5 . C ope land A Ja nd P ayne G 1 893 -5 A ng lo -Saxon a n t iqu i t ie s f o und . . .n ea r G rove F e r ry . . .W ickham , K en t . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r i e so fL ond on 2 'd S e r ie s 1 5 , 1 78 . C o t ter i l lJ 1 993 S axon r a id ing a nd t h e r o le o ft h e l a te R oman c oa s ta l f o r t s o fB r i ta in . B r i tann ia 2 4 , 27 -239 . C o t ton C 1 895 H i s to ry a nd A n t iqu i t ie so fS t . L aw rence , T hane . R am sga te . C rawf ord 0 G S D a rk A g e sI nd ex . C roker T C 1 844a A n a c coun t o f f u r the r e xcava t ion s o f b a r row s o n B r ea ch D own s . A rchaeo log ica lJ ou rna l 1 ,3 79 -80 . C roker T C 1 844b J ou rna l 1 ,2 49 .

N o t e o n c on s t ruc t ion o f r e se rvo i r i n G r eenw ich P a rk .

T he

T he A rchaeo log ica l

C umber land A 1 937 " R i se ley" , S axon c eme te ry , H o r ton K i rby . I n te r im R epo r t . T ran sc r ip t s o ft h e D a r tf ord a nd D i s t r ic tA n t iqua r ian S oc ie ty 7 ,1 7 -8 . C umber land A 1 940 R i se ley S axon c em e t e ry . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 3 , 1 42 . C un l if f eB 1 973 T he R egn i . L ondon . C un l if f e B 1 977 T he S axon S ho r e - s ome p rob lem s a nd m i sconcep t ion s . I nJ ohn s tone D .E . ( e d . ) 1 9 77 , T he S axon S hore . C ounc i l f o rB r i t i sh A r chaeo logy R e sea r ch R epo r t 1 8 , L ondon . C un l if f eB 1 988 R omney Ma r sh i nt h eR oman P e r iod . I nJ .E dd i son a nd C .G r een ( e d s . ) , 8 3 -7 . D av idson H R E a nd Web s ter L E 1 967 T he A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l a tC oombe ( Woodne sbo rough ) , K en t . Med ieva lA rchaeo log y 1 , 1 4 1 . D av i s JB a nd T hurnham J 1 865 C ran ia B r i tann ica . L ondon . D eB aye J 1 893 T he i nd u s t r ia la r t so ft h eA ng lo -Saxon s . L ondon . D eck 1 85 1 N o t ice o f r ema in s o f t h e A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod , d i scove r ed a t L i t t le W i lb raham , C amb r idg e sh i r e . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ou rna l8 ,1 72 -8 . D 'E lboux R H 1 951 xx ix -x lv i i .

K en t A r chaeo log ica l S oc ie ty a nnua l r e por t 1 950 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 4 ,

3 79

A ppend ix 5 . D enny H 1 864 No te o nA ng lo -Saxon b rooch e xh ib i ted a tt h e m ee t ing o ft h e A rchaeo log ica l I n s t i tu te , D ec .4 th 1 863 . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l2 1 , 1 0 1 . D en ton C heney A 1 904 T he H o ly Ma id o fK en t . T ran sc r ip t so ft h eR oya lH i s tor ica lS oc ie ty 1 8 , 1 07 1 29 . D e t s icas A P 1 963 E xcava t ion sa tE cc le s , 1 962 . i s ti n t e r im r e por t . A rchaeo log ia Can t iana 7 8 , 1 25 1 4 1 . D e t s icas A P 1 964 E xcava t ion sa tE cc le s , 1 963 . 2 nd i n te r im r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 9 , 1 211 35 . D e t s ica s AP 1 970 E xcava t ion s a tE cc le s , 1 969 . 8 t h i n te r im r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 5 , 5 5 6 0 . D e t s ica s AP 1 971 E xcava t ion s a tE cc le s , 1 970 . 9 t h i n te r im r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 6 , 2 5 3 4 . D e t s icas A P 1 972 1 0 1110 .

E xcava t ion s a tE cc le s , 1 97 1 .

D e t s icas A P 1 973a E xcava t ion s a tE cc le s , 1 972 . 7 3 -80 .

1 0 th i n te r im r e por t .

A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 7 ,

11 t hi n te r im r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 8 ,

D e t s ica s AP 1 973b I n te r im r e po r to n t h e e xcava t ion s a tt h e E cc le s s i te . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 8 , 2 12 -3 . D e t s icas A P 1 974a E xcava t ion s a tE cc le s , 1 973 . 19 -34 .

1 2 th i n te r im r e por t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 9 ,

D e t s ica s AP 1 974b I n te r im r e po r to nt h e e xcava t ion s a tt h e E cc le s s i te . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 9 , 2 16 -7 . D e t s icas A P 1 975 E xcava t ion s a tE cc le s , 1 974 . 1 3 th i n te r im r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 1 , 4 15 . D e t s icas A P 1 976

E xcava t ion s a tE cc le s , 1 975 .

1 4 th i n te r im r e po r t .

A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 2 ,

1 57 -63 . D e t s ica s AP 1 977 E xcava t ion sa tE cc le s , 1 976 . F i na l i n te r im r e por t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 3 , 5 5 9 . D e t s icas A P a nd Hawke s SC 1 973

F i nd s f r om t h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tE cc le s , K en t .

T he

A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l5 3 ,2 81-6 . D iack M

2 003

A rchaeo log ica l E va lua t ion R epor t :

B rad s tow S choo l , B road s ta i r s .

C an te rbu ry

A r chaeo log ica lT ru s t . D ick in son T M 1 979 O nt h e o r ig in a nd c h rono logy o ft h e e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon d i sc b rooch . S t ud ie s i n A ng lo -Saxon A rchaeo log y a nd H i s to ry 1 ,B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l R epo r t s , B r i t i sh S e r ies 7 2 , 3 9 -80 . O xf o rd . D ick in son T M a nd Härke H 1 992 E a r ly A ng lo -Saxon s h ie ld s . A rchaeo log ia 10 . D ixon C D 1 848 N ew h i s to r ica lg u id et ot h eI s l eo fT hane t .

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A ppend ix 5 . D ixon C D 1 850 T he v i s i to r sn ew g u id e . . .to t h eI s l eo fT hane t . . . Ma rga te . Ma rga te . D o l ley R H 1 % 1( ed . ) 1 961 A ng lo -Sa xon C o in s . S tud ie sp re sen ted t oF .M . S ten ton . O xf o rd . D oug la sJ 1 793 N en ia B r i tann ica , L ondon . D over E xpre s s0 6 /06 / 1996 ,3 . D owk er G 1 878 R oman r ema in sa tP r e s ton -nex t -W ingham . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 2 ,4 7 -8 . D owk er G 1 887 A S axon c eme te ry a tW ickhamb reux . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 7 , 6 -9 . D owker G 1 900 D ea la nd i t se nv i ron s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 4 , 1 08 12 1 . D r inkwa ter Ja nd E l ton H ( e ds . ) 1 992 F i f ih -cen tury G au l : Ac r i s i so fi d en t i ty? C amb r idge . D ruce G C 1 933 K en tA rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty , R epo r t f o r 1 932 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 4 5 , x xxv i i x l v i i . D uncan 1 1 , B enne t t P , a nd Sm i th H A r cha eo log ica l T ru s t , C an te rbu ry .

1 989

C an terbury ' s A rchaeo logy 1 987 -1988 .

C an te rbu ry

D unk in A J( ed . ) 1 844a A r epor to ft h eP roceed ing s o ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion a tt h e f i r s tg enera lm ee t ing h e ld a tC an terbu ry , L ondon . D unk in A J 1 844b H i s tory a nd a n t iqu i t ie so fD a r tf o rd . P r iva te ly p ub l ished . D unk in A J 1 848 P r iva te ly p ub l ished . D unn ing G C 1 964

Memo randa o fS pr inghead a nd i t s n e ighbou rhood , d ur ing t h e p r imeva lp e r iod .

L e t te ro f0 4 / 12 / 1964 .

D unn ing G C 1 966 T he Mu seum . I nB .H . S tJ .O 'Ne i lD ea lC a s t le , K en t . L ondon , 1 4 -2 1 . D unn ing G C a nd Goodman W L 1 959 T he A ng lo -Saxon p l ane f r om S a r re . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 3 , 1 96 -201 . D unn ing G C a nd E v i son VI 1 961 T he P a lace o f We s tm in s te rS wo rd . A rchaeo log ia 9 8 , 1 23 158 . E a s t Ken t Gaze t te 1 7 /03 / 1888 . E dd i son J a nd G reen C ( e ds . ) 1 988 R omney Ma r sh : E vo lu t ion , O ccupa t ion , R ec lama t ion . O xf o rd U n ive r s i ty C omm i t tee f o rA rchaeo logy Monog raph N o . 2 4 , O xf o rd . EHD 1 988 S umma ry o fe v id ence f rom D over E xcava t ion s , 1 970 -88 . HB MC u npub l i shed m anu sc r ip t . E smonde C leary A S 1 989 T he e nd ing o fR oman B r i ta in . L ondon . E vans A C 2 003 L ympne , K en t : E a r ly A ng lo -Saxon s i lve rk ey s tone g a rne t d i sc b rooch . I nT rea su re A nnua lR epor t2 001 ,2 7 . E vans J H 1 924 A rchaeo log ica l d i scove r ie s a nd r e sea rche s i nt h e R eg iona l S u rvey A rea . R oche s ter N a tura l i s tV I , No .130 , 5 3 . E ven ing N ew s 0 2 / 11/ 1949 .

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A ppend ix 5 . E ver i t tA 1 986 C on t inu i ty a nd C o lon i sa t ion -T he E vo lu t ion o fK en t i sh S e t t lemen t . L e ice s t e r . E v i son V I 1 955 E a r ly A ng lo -Saxon i n la id m e ta lwo rk . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l3 5 , 2 0 -45 . E v i son V I 1 956 A n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tH o lbo rough , K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 0 , 8 4 1 4 1 . E v i son V I 1 963 S uga r loaf s h ie ld -bo s se s . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l4 3 , 3 8 -96 . E v i son V I 1 964 T he D ove rr une b rooch . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l4 4 ,2 42 -5 . E v i son V I 1 965a T he f i f th -cen tury i n va s ion ss ou th o ft h e T hame s . L ondon . E v i son V I 1 965b B uf f a lo S tone s : a nA ddendum t o' The F o lk lo re o fF o s s i l s ' . A n t iqu i ty 3 9 ,2 12 -7 . E v i son V I 1 967a T he D ove r r i ng swo rd a nd o t he r s wo rd r ing s a nd b ead s . A rchaeo log ia 1 01 , 6 3 18 . E v i son V I 1 967b A ng lo -Saxon g rave , D ove r . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 2 , 2 83 -4 . E v i son V I 1 968 Q uo i tB rooch S t y le B uck le s . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l4 8 , 2 31-49 . E v i son V I 1 975a Swo rd r i ng sa nd b ead s . A rchaeo log ia 1 05 , 3 03 15 . E v i son V I 1 975b A s i lve r in la id b uck le f r om S ane . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 1 , 1 65 -8 . E v i son V I 1 975c P agan S axon Whe t s tone s . T he A n t iquar ie sJ ou rna l5 5 , 7 0 -85 . E v i son V I 1 979 W hee l thrown p o t te ry i nA ng lo -Saxon g rave s ,t h eR oya l A rchaeo log ica l I n s t i tu te . E v i son V I( ed . ) 1 981a A ng le s , S axon sa nd J u te s : E s say sp re sen ted t oJ .N .L . My re s . O xf o rd . E v i son V I 1 981b D i s t r ibu t ion m ap s a nd E ng land i nt h ef i r s tt wo p ha se s . I nE v i son 1 98 1a , 1 26 -67 . E v i son V I 1 982 A ng lo -Saxon g l a s sc l aw -beake r s . A rchaeo log ia 1 07 , 4 3 -76 . E v i son V I 1 987 R epor t3 ,L ondon .

D over : T he B uck /and A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry , E ng l ish H e r i tage A r cha eo log ica l

E v i son V I 1 997 A ppend ix I I : T he g l a s sv e s se l s . I nP a rf i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 , 2 40 -3 . F a irho l t F W 1 848 R ema rk s o n I r i sh f i bu lae . T ran sac t ion s o f t h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l A s soc ia t ion , 3r d A nnua lC ong re s s , G louce s te r , A ugu s t 1 846 , 8 6 -93 . F au s se t tB 1 856 I nven tor ium S epu lchra le ,L ondon . F i sher C E 1 939 R epo r to fS oc ie ty 's c u ra to r , Ma id s tone , 1 939 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 1 ,2 04 -5 . F le tcher E a nd Mea te s GW 1 969 T he r u ined c hu r ch o fS tone -By -Fave r sham . T he An t iqua r i e s J ourna l4 9 ,2 73 -94 . F le tcher E a nd Mea te s GW

1 977 T he r u ined c hu rch o fS tone -By -Fave r sham : S econd R epo r t .

A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l5 7 , 6 7 -72 . F l inder sP e tr ie W M 1 880 N o te so n K en t i sh e a r thwo rk s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 3 , 8 16 .

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T he

A ppend ix 5 .

F rank s AW 1 866 Add i t ion s m ade t o t h e c o l lec t ion o f B r i t i sh A n t iqu i t ie s i nt h e B r i t i sh Mu seum d u r ing 1 865 . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s 3 ,2 39 . F rench D A 1 984 An u nexpec ted f i nd f r om S p r inghead . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 7 8 , 1 95 . F rere S ,S tow Sa nd B enne t tP 1 982 T he A rchaeo logy o fC an te rbury 2 , Ma id s tone . G a im s ter D R M , Marge son M a nd Hur ley M Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 3 4 , 1 62 -252 .

1 990

Med ieva l B r i ta in a nd I r e land i n 1 989 .

G amond P 1 979 L e t te rt o SC H awke s , 1 0 / 11/ 1979 . G eake H 1 992 B u r ia l p rac t ice i ns even th -a nd e i gh th -cen tu ry E ng land . I nC a rve r( e d . ) 1 992 , 8 3 -94 . G eake H 1 994 A ng lo -Saxon d oub le tongued b uck le s . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 3 8 , 1 64 -7 . G eak eH 1 997 U se o fg ra ve g ood si nC onve r s ion p er iod E ng land , c .6 00 -c .8 50 . O xf o rd . G ibb sW 1 859 M i sce l lanea . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 ,2 22 -3 . G lover J 1 982 T he P lace N ame so fK en t . Me re sbo rough , R a inham . GMLA G en t leman ' s Maga z ine L ibrary . G odf rey -Faus se t t TG 1 876 T he S axon c eme te ry a tB if ron s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 0 ,2 98 -316 . G odf rey -Faus se t t TG 1 880 T he S axon c eme te ry a tB if ron s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 3 , 5 22 -56 . G o ldney F B 1 901

A n t iqu i t ie s o ft h e B ronz e , R oman a nd S axon p e r iod s , f ound n ea r C an te rbu ry .

P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ond on 2 nd S e r ie s 1 8 , 2 79 -80 . G o ld sm i th C ar ter H 1 989 R ingwou ld a nd K ing sdown G u id ea nd H i s tor y . G ough R 1 786 S epu lch ra lm onumen t si nG rea tB r i ta in I ,L ondon . G reen R D 1 968 S o i l so fR omney Ma r sh . S o i l S u rvey o fG rea t B r i ta in , B u l le t in No . 4 ,H a rpenden . G rove L R A 1 952 T he Wh i tehea th e xcava t ion s : T he B ea le P o s te MSS . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 5 , 1 60 -6 . G rove L R A 1 955 R e sea rche s a nd d i scove r ie s i n K en t : A rchaeo log ica l n o te s f r om Ma id s tone mu seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 9 ,2 06 15 . H a igh D H 1 872 No te s i ni lu s t ra t ion o ft h e r un ic monumen t s o fK en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 , 1 64 -270 . H a l sa l l G

1 992

T he o r ig in s o fR e iheng räbe rz iv i l i sa t ion : f o r ty y ea r s o n .

I n D r inkwa te r a nd E l ton

( e d s . ) 1 992 , 1 96 -207 . H arden D B 1 950 G la s sv e s se l si nA ng lo -Saxon B r i ta in . A rchaeo log ica lN ew s le t ter I I , n o . 2 ,2 1 i f . H arden D B 1 956a G la s sv e s se ls i nB r i ta in a nd I r e land , A .D . 4 00 1000 . H a rden 1 956b , 1 32 -67 . H arden D B ( ed ) 1 956b D a rk A ge B r i ta in , L ondon .

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A ppend ix 5 . Härke H 1 989a E a r ly S axon w eapon b u r ia l s : f r equenc ie s , d i s t r ibu t ion s a nd w eapon c omb ina t ion s . H awke s( ed . ) 1 989a ,4 9 -6 1 . H ärke H 1 989b K n ive s i ne a r ly S axon b u r ia l s : b l ade l e ng th a nd a ge a td ea th . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 3 9 , 1 44 -8 . H ärke H 1 990 "Wa r r io rg rave s?" T he b ackg round o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon w eapon b u r ia l r i t e . P a s ta nd P re sen t 1 26 ,2 2 -43 . H ärke H 1 992 A nge l säch s i sche Waf f eng räbe rd e s 5 .B i s 7 .J ah rhund e r t s . R he in landVe r lag GMBH . K o ln . H arker S 1 971-2 B u r ia lg round a tE yn sf o rd . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 2 6 , 1 63-7 . H arr i son E 1 946 K en t A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty R epo r t f o r 1 945 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 9 , x xxv x xxv i i i . H a se lof f G 1 958 F ragmen t s o f ah ang ing b ow l f r om B eke sbourne , K en t , a nd s ome or namen ta l p rob lem s . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 2 ,7 2 103 . H a se lof fG 1 974 S a l in 's S ty le I . Med ieva lA rchaeo log y 1 8 , 1 15 . H a se lof fG 1 981 D ie g e rman i sche T i e ro rnamen t ik d er V ö lke rwand e rung sze i t . S tud ien z u S a l in 's S t i l I ,B and I ,B e r l in . H a s ted E 1 797 -1801 T he h i s tory a nd t o pog raph ica ls urvey o ft h ec oun ty o fK en t , C an te rbu ry . Ha s ted E c . 1 799 C hap te rL ib ra ry .

S ke tch m ap o f E a s t ry .

U npub l i shed m anu sc r ip t n o te s , C an te rbu ry C a thed ra l

Hawke s A rch ive C a rd i n dex f i l e s c omp i led b y S .C . H awke s , a nd n ow i n s t o re , I n s t i tu te o f A rchaeo logy ,O xf o rd . H awke s C FC 1 937 P os t -Roman p o t te ry f r om Wo r th a nd D ea l . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l 1 7 , 3 12 -3 . H awke s C FC 1 956 T he J u te s o fK en t . I nH a rden ( e d . ) , 1 956 , 9 1111 . H awke s SC 1 961a T he J u t i sh S ty le A ; as t udy i nG e rman ic A n ima l A r t i ns ou thern E ng land i nt h e f i f th -cen tu ry A .D . A rchaeo log ia 9 8 , 2 9 -74 . H awke s SC 1 961b L e t te rt o AL S av i l l2 9 /02 /6 1 . H awke s SC 1 963a L e t te rt ot h eO rdnance S u rvey , 1 6 /07 / 1963 . Hawke s SC 1 963b L e t te rt ot h eO rdnance S u rvey ,2 3 / 10 / 1963 . Hawke s SC 1 967 Swo rd sa nd r une si ns ou th -ea s tE ng land . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l4 7 , 1 26 . Hawke s SC 1 969 E a r ly A ng lo -Saxon K en t . A rchaeo log ica lJ ou rna l 1 26 , 1 86 -92 . Hawke s SC 1 973 T he d a t ing a nd s oc ia l s i gn if icance o ft h e b u r ia l s i nt h e P o lh i l l c eme te ry . I nP h i lp 1 973 , 1 86 -20 1 . H awke s SC 1 974 T he Monk ton b rooch . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l5 4 , 2 45 -56 .

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A ppend ix 5 . H awke s SC 1 976a I n te r im r epor t b y M r s SC H awke s , MA , F SA , o n t h e e xcava t ion s a tE a s t ry . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 2 ,2 47 -8 . H awke s SC 1 976b O r ien ta t ion a tF ing le sham : s un r i se d a t ing o fd ea th a nd b u r ia l i na n A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry i nE a s tK en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 2 ,3 3 -51 . H awke s SC 1 979 E a s t ry i nA ng lo -Saxon K en t : I t s i mpor tance , a nd an ew ly f ound g rave . H awke s , B rown a nd C ampbe l l 1 979 , 8 1113 . H awke s SC 1 981 B if ron sg r ave 4 1 . I nH a se lof f1 981 , 7 18 -2 1 . H awke s SC 1 982 T he a r chaeo logy o fc onve r s ion : c eme te r ie s . I nC ampbe l l ( ed .) , 1 982 ,4 8 -9 . H awke s SC 1 984 T he Amhe r s tB rooch . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 00 , 1 29 -51 . H awke s SC 1 986 L e t te rt oD . K e l ly , 1 9 /08 / 1986 . H awke s SC 1 987 S ome e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon o b jec t s f r om e a s t K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 04 , 1 8 . H awke s SC ( ed . ) 1 989a W eapon s a nd w a rf a re i n A ng lo -Saxon E ng land , O xf o rd U n ive r s i ty C omm i t tee f o rA rchaeo logy Monog raph 2 1 , O xf o rd . H awke s SC 1 989b T he s ou th -ea s t a f t e rt h e R oman s : T he S axon s e t t lemen t . I n Maxf ie ld ( e d . ) 1 989 , 7 8 -95 . H awke s SC 1 990 B ryan F au s se t t a nd t h e F au s se t t c o l lec t ion : A n a s se s smen t . 1 990 , 1 24 .

I n S ou thwo r th ( e d . )

H awkes S C 2 000 T he A ng lo -Saxon C eme te ry o fB if ron s , i nt h e p a r i sh o fP a t r ixbou rne , E a s t K en t . A ng lo -Saxon S tud ie si nA rchaeo logy a nd H i s to ry 1 , 1 94 . H awke s SC a nd D unn ing G C 1 96 1 S o ld ie r s a nd s e t t le r s i nB r i ta in , f ou r th t of i f th c en tu ry : w i th a c a ta logue o fa n ima l -o rnamen ted b uck le s a nd b e l t -f i t t ing s . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 5 ,1 70 . H awke s SC a nd G rove L R A 1 963 F i nd s f r om a7 t h c en tu ry A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tM i l ton R eg i s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 8 ,2 2 -38 . H awke s SC ,D av idson H R E a nd Hawke s C FC 1 965 T he F ing le sham Man . A n t iqu i ty 3 9 , 1 7 -32 . H awke s SC a nd P age R I 1 967 S wo rd s a nd r une s i ns ou th -ea s t E ng land . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l 4 7 , 1 26 . Hawkes SC , Hogar th A C a nd D en s ton C B 1 974 T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a t Monk ton , T hane t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 9 ,4 9 -90 . Hawke s SC , B rown D a nd C ampbe l l J 1 979 A ng lo -Saxon S tud ie s i nA rchaeo logy a nd H i s to ry I , B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l R epo r tB r i t i sh S e r ie s7 2 , O xf o rd . Hawke s SC a nd P o l lard M 1 98 1 T he g o ld b r ac tea te s f r om s i x th -cen tu ry g rave s i nK en t , i nt h e l i gh t o f an ew f i nd f r om F ing le sham . F rühm i t te la l te r l iche S tud ien 1 5 , 3 16 -70 . H earne C M , P erk ins D R J a nd A ndrew P 1 995 T he S andw ich B ay w a s tewa te r t r ea tmen t s c heme a r chaeo log ica lp ro jec t , 1 992 1994 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 15 ,2 39 -354 . H en ig M 1 988 A l a te R oman g o ld r i ng a nd o t he ro b jec t s f r om R ichbo rough . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l 6 8 , 3 15 -6 .

3 85

A ppend ix 5 .

H ick sR 1 878 R oman r ema in sf o und a tR am sga t e . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 2 , 1 4 18 . H igg in s HH 1 888 F o r ty f o u r th A nnua l C ong r e s s o ft h e BAA . L ive rpoo l 1 887 , A ugu s t2 01 h.J ou rna l o ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 4 4 ,2 07 . H igham N J 1 992 R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h eA ng lo -Sa xon s . L ondon . H igham N J 1 997 T he c onve r tk i ng s : P owe ra nd r e l ig iou s af i l ia t ion i ne a r l yA ng lo -Saxon E ng land . Manche s te r . H igh ley D E 1 975 T he e conom ic g eo logy o ft h e Wea ld . P roceed ing s o ft h e G eo log i s t sA s soc ia t ion 8 6 , 50 -92 . H i l l D a nd Me tca lf D M ( e d s . ) 1 984 S cea t ta s i n E ng land a nd o n t h e C on t inen t . A r cha eo log ica lR epo r t sB r i t i sh S e r ie s 1 28 . O xf o rd .

B r i t i sh

H i l l sW 1 856 S ome f i nd s i nC h iche s te rm u seum , 1 8 53 . S u s sex A rchaeo log ica lC o l lec t ion s8 ,2 95 . H ine sJ 1 994 T he B ecom ing o ft h e E ng l i sh : I d en t i ty , Ma te r ia l C u l tu r e a nd L anguage i nE a r ly A ng lo S axon E ng land . A ng lo -Saxon S t ud ie si nA rchaeo log ya nd H i s tor y7 ,4 9 -59 . H ine sJ1 997 A n ew c orpu s o fA ng lo -Sa xon g r ea ts qua re -head ed b rooche s . R epo r t s o ft h e R e sea rch C omm i t tee o ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 5 1 . L ondon . H ine sJ ,H o i lund N ie l sen K a nd S i egmund F 1 999 T he p ace o fc hange . S t ud ie s i nE a r ly -M ed ieva l c h rono logy . C a rd if fS t ud ie s i nA r cha eo logy ,O xbow . H ir s t S 1 980 S ome a spec t s o ft h e a na ly s i s a nd p ub l ica t ion o fa n i n huma t ion c eme te ry . I nR ah tz e t a t . , 1 980 ,2 39 -52 . H odder I 1 991 R ead ing t h ep a s t( 2'1e d i t ion ) . C amb r idge . H odgk in R H 1 939 A H i s to ry o ft h eA ng lo -Sa xon s( 2 nd e d i t ion ) . O xf o rd . H ogar th A C 1 973a S t ruc tu ra l f e a tu r e s i nA ng lo -Saxon g r ave s . 1 04 19 . H ogar th A C 1 973b E xca va t ion s 1 973 , 8 5 -6 .

B i shop sbou rne , K en t .

T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ou rna l 1 30 ,

D epa r tmen t o f t h e E nv i ronmen t A rcha eo log ica l

H ogg A H A 1 94 1 E a r thwo rk s i nJ oyden 's Wood , B ex ley , K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 4 , 1 0 -27 . H o lden S 2 005 A n a rchaeo log ica lw a tch ing b r i ef o fl a nd a tT own send F a rm R oad , S t . Ma rga re t ' s a t C l i ff e , K en t . U npub l i shed d ocumen tb yP r e -Con s t ruc tA rchaeo logy . H one D 1 987 G u i l ton M i l l , A sh . C an t e rbu ry ' sA rchaeo log y 1 986 -7 ,2 2 . H ughe sE 1 828 Manu sc r ip tl e t t e rt ot h eC an t e rbu ry P h i lo log ica l &L i t e ra ry S oc ie ty . H urd H a nd Sm i th R A 1 9 10 N o t e s o n t h e d i scove ry o f a n A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l g r ound a t B road s ta i r s . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r i e so fL ond on 2 nd S e r ie s2 3 ,2 72 -82 . Hurd H 1 913 S ome n o t e so nr e cen ta r chaeo log i ca ld i scove r ie sa tB road s ta i r s ,B road s ta i r s .

3 86

A ppend ix 5 . I nker P A 1 997 T he Q uo i t -B rooch S t y l e : A n a na ly s i s o ft h ep unchma rk s u sed a nd t h e i rs i gn i f icance . U npub l i shed MA t h es is ,U n iv e r s i ty o f Wa le sC o l lege o fC a rd if f . I r e land E C 1 860 No te o n ab ronze b ow l w i th o rnamen t s f ound a tL u l l ing s tone , K en t . P roceed ing s o ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s 1 ,1 87 -8 . I s aac s G 1 847 -8 A s i lve r -g i l t f i bu la . . .p rocu red . . . in P a r i s . A s soc ia t ion 3 ,1 20 .

J ourna l o ft h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l

J ay L 1 990 T he T ru s t f o r T hane t A rchaeo logy : e xcava t ion s a nd e va lua t ion s , A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 08 ,2 71-7 .

1 989 1990 .

J ef f re son W J 1 876 T he C a s t le H i l l , F o lke s tone . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 0 , x l iv -x lv i i i . J enk ins R C 1 873 A rchaeo logy i nK en t . P roceed ing s o ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s o fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s5 ,4 78 -81 . J enk ins R C 1 876 O n aR oman h ypocau s td i scove red a tF o lke s tone . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 0 , 1 73 7 . J enk ins R C 1 885 No t e o n d i scove r ie s a tL ym inge . P roceed ing s o ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s 2 nd S e r ie s 1 0 ,2 06 . J enk ins F 1 955 E xcava t ion sa nd d i scove r ie s : B eke sbou rne . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 9 , x l i i . J enk ins F 1 957 T he B eke sbou rne E xcava t ion s . K en ta nd S u s sex J ourna lv o l . 2 ,n o .11 , 2 94 -5 . J e s sup F W x l i -x l iv .

1 952 Annua lr e po r tf o rt h ey ea re nded 3 1' D ecembe r 1 952 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 5 ,

J e s sup F W 1 973 K en tH i s tory I l lu s t ra ted , Ma id s tone . J e s sup R F 1 930 T he A rchaeo logy o fK en t , L ondon . J e s sup R F 1 933 L e t te r3 0 /07 /33 . J e s sup R F 1 934 R epo r to nf i nd s i nN or th K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 4 6 , 2 01 . J e s sup R F 1 942 No te so n aS axon C ha r te ro fH igham . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 5 , 1 2 15 . J e s sup R F 1 943 F ie ld n o tes i nE a s tK en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 6 , 6 8 -70 . J e s sup R F 1 946 A nA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a t We s tbe re , K en t . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l2 6 , 1 -21 . J e s sup R F 1 950 A ng lo -Saxon j ewe l le ry , L ondon . J e s sup R F a nd T ay lor M V 1 932 R omano -B r i t i sh K en t : V i c tor ia H i s to ry o ft he C oun ty o fK en t , I I , 1 44 -75 .

P a r t V I I .

T opog raph ica l I ndex .

T he

J ohns A 1 978 S axon p o tf r om R ecu lve r . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 5 3 , 7 1 . J ohns C 1 982 J ou rna l6 2 ,3 6 1 .

F ind s f r om a l a te R oman b u r ia l f r om S t ou r S t ree t , C an te rbu ry .

J ourna lo ft he B r i t i sh A r chaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 1 3( 1857 ) .

3 87

T he A n t iqua r ie s

A ppend ix 5 . J ourna lo ft he B r i t ish A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 2 5 ( 1869 ) . J ourna lo ft he B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 4 0 ( 1884 ) . K ea t s G 1 846 -7 A S axon w eapon , r e cen t ly d i scove r ed i n ag r ave a tO senga l , i nt h e I s le o fT hane t . J ourna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 2 , 38 . K e l ler P T 1 991 F o lke s tone , t h e B ay le . E xcava t ion s o fm ed ieva l a nd o the r f e a tu re s 1 989 -9 1 . M inor S i te sS er ie s5 ,D ove r .

K en t

K e l ly D B 1 962 R esea rche sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t : D i t ton . A r chaeo log ia C an t iana 7 7 , 2 04 -5 . K e l ly D B 1 967a T hu rnham . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 2 , 2 97 -8 . K e l ly D B 1 967b We s tW ickham . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 2 , 2 99 . K e l ly D B 1 976 A rchaeo log ica ln o te s f r om Ma id s tone mu seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 2 ,2 29 -33 . K e l ly D B 1 986 L e t te rt o SH awke s , 1 4 /07 / 1986 . K e l ly D B 1 987 A rchaeo log ica l n o te s f r om Ma id s tone m u seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 04 , 3 50 -67 . K e l ly D B 1 988 A rchaeo log ica l n o te s f r om Ma id s tone m u seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 05 , 2 97 3 20 . K e l ly D B 1 990 A rchaeo log ica ln o te sf r om Ma id s tone mu seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 08 , 2 81-94 . K e l ly D B 1 991 A rchaeo log ica l n o te sf r om Ma id s tone m u seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 09 , 3 38 -49 . K e l ly D B 1 992 A rchaeo log ica ln o te s f r om Ma id s tone m u seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 10 ,4 04 15 . K e l ly D B a nd Myre s JN L A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l5 3 , 7 7 -8 .

1 973

A f i f th c en tu ry A ng lo -Saxon p o t f r om C an te rbu ry .

T he

K emb le JM 1 863 Ho rae F era le s : o r , S tud ie s i nt h ea rchaeo log yo ft h en or the rn n a t ion s , L ondon . K enda l l G 1 982 A s t udy o fg rave o r ien ta t ion i ns eve ra l R oman a nd p o s t -Roman c eme t e r ie s f r om S ou the rn B r i ta in . A rchaeo log ica lJ ou rna l 1 39 , 1 0 1-23 . K endr ick T D 1 933a P o lych rome j ewe l le ry i nK en t . A n t iqu i ty 7 ,4 29 -52 . K endr ick T D 1 933b T he D ove r p o s t -Roman c i r cu la r b rooch , D ove r Mu seum B u l le t in 3( J an 1 933 ) , f r on ta nd b ack p age . K endr ick T D 1 937a A J u t i sh f r agmen tf r om K en t . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l 1 7 , 7 6 -77 . K endr ick T D 1 937b I vo ry m oun t s f r om ac a ske t . T he A n t iqua r i e sJ ourna l 1 7 ,4 48 . K endr ick T D 1 938 A ng lo -Saxon A r tt o AD 9 00 . L ondon . K endr ick T D 1 939 T he K ing s ton B rooch . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l 1 9 , 1 95 -6 . K endr ick T D a nd Hawke s C FC 1 932 A rchaeo logy i nE ng land a nd Wa le s , 1 914 -1931 . L ondon . K enne t t DH 1 974 S ome d eco ra t ive a spec t s o ft h eA ng lo -Saxon s h ie ld . B edf ord sh i re A rchaeo log ica l J ou rna l9 ,5 5 -70 .

3 88

A ppend ix 5 .

K en t JPC 1 961 F rom R oman B r i ta in t oS axon E ng land . D o l ley R .H .M . ( e d . ) 1 961 , 1 22 . K en t i sh Gaze t te 2 5 /05 / 18 19 . K en t Me s senger 3 0 /07 / 1933 . K en t i sh T ime s2 9 /03 / 1940 . K en t i sh T ime s0 5 /04 / 1940 . K en t i sh T ime s0 9 /09 / 1949 , 3 . Koch U 1 977 Da sR e iheng räbe rf e ld b e iS chre t zhe im . G e rm . D enkmä le rV ö lkerwanderung sz e i tA1 3 , B e r l in . L each E 1 973 C onc lud ing a dd re s s . I nR enf rew ( e d . ) , T he e xp lana t ion o fc u l tu re c hange . L ondon . L eeds E T 1 912 T he d i s t r ibu t ion o ft h e A ng lo -Saxon S auce r B rooch i nr e la t ion t o t h e B a t t le o f B edf o rd , AD 5 71 . A rchaeo log ia 6 3 , 1 59 -202 . L eeds E T 1 913 T he A rcha eo logy o ft h eA ng lo -Saxon S e t t lemen t s . O xf o rd . L eeds E T 1 933 T he E a r ly S axon p ene t ra t ion o ft h e U ppe r T hame s A rea . 1 3 ,2 29 -251 .

T he A n t iqua r ie s J ourna l

L eeds E T 1 936 E ar ly A ng lo -Saxon A r ta nd A rchaeo logy . O xf o rd . L eed s ET 1 945 T he d i s t r ibu t ion o fA ng le s a nd S axon s a r chaeo log ica l ly c on s ide red . A rchaeo log ia 9 1 , 1 106 . L eed s ET 1 948 A l a te -B r i t i sh b rooch f r om G la s ton , R u t land . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l2 8 , 1 69 -73 . L eed s ET 1 949 A c orpu so fe a r ly A ng lo -Saxon g rea ts qua re -head ed b rooche s . O xf o rd . L eed s ET 1 957 No te so nJ u t i sh A r t i nK en tb e tween 4 50 a nd 5 75 . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 ,5 26 . L e igh D 1 980 S quare -head ed b rooche s o fs i x th c en tu ry K en t . U npub l ished P h .D . T he s i s , U n ive r s i ty C o l lege , C a rd if f . L e igh D 1 984a T he K en t i sh k ey s tone -ga rne td i sc b rooche s : A ven t 's c l a s se s 1 3 r e con s ide r ed . A ng lo S a xon S tud ie si nA rchaeo log ya nd H i s to ry 3 ,6 5 -76 . L e igh D 1 9846 Amb igu i ty i nA ng lo -Saxon S ty le Ia r t . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l6 4 , 3 4 -42 . L ew i sJ1 727 T he h i s to ry a nd a n t iqu i t ie so ft h eA bbey a nd C hu rch o fF ave r sham i nK en t . L ucy S 2 000 T he A ng lo -Saxon W ay o fD ea th . S t roud . L und H E 1 938 -9 U nde r söke l se ra vj ema lde r s g ä rd san legg p äF o s se o g G rodhe im iT ime p r e s teg je ld H f ag Jae ren . S tavange r s Mu seum sÄ r shef t e4 9 , 3 5 . MacGregor A a nd B o l ick E 1 993 A s ummary c a ta logue o ft h eA ng lo -Saxon c o l lec t ion s ( non -f e r rou s m e ta l s ) i nt h eA shmo lean m u seum . B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l R epor t s , B r i t ish S e r ie s2 30 , O xf o rd .

3 89

A ppend ix 5 . Macpher son -Gran tN 1 972 -3 O pe ra t ion G a s P ipe : T hane t S e c t ion . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 3 0 , 2 98 -301 . Ma ids tone mu seum g aze t teer . Manche s ter K 1 980 H yd rocepha lu s i na n A ng lo -Saxon c h i ld f r om E cc le s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 6 ,7 7 -82 . Manche s ter K 1 981 A l e p rou s s ke le ton o f t h e 7 t h c en tu ry f r om E cc le s , K en t . A rchaeo log ica lS c ience s8 ,2 05 -9 . Manche s ter K 1 982 S pondy lo ly s i s a nd P a laeopa tho logy N ew s l e t te r3 7 ,9 12 . Manche s ter K 1 983 S c ience s 1 0 ,4 75 -82 .

s pondy lo ly s the s is

i n t wo

S econda ry c ance r i n a n A ng lo -Saxon f ema le .

J ou rna l o f

A ng lo -Saxon

s ke le ton s .

J ourna l o fA rchaeo log ica l

Manche s ter K 1 984 E cc le ss ke le ta lr epor t , u npub l i shed . Manche s ter K a nd E lmh ir s t0 1 980 F o ren s ic a spec t so fa nA ng lo -Saxon i n ju ry . O s sa 7 ,1 79 -88 . Mar t in M 1 989 G erman ia 6 7 , 1 2 -41 .

B eme rkungen z u r c h rono log i schen G l iede rung d e r f r ühen Me row inge rze i t .

Ma son C , B rockway C , a nd McCar ty J 1 997 A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 17 ,2 37 -259 .

A rchaeo log ica l n o te s f r om Ma id s tone Mu seum .

Ma s ter s W a nd F r iend J 1 828 L i s t o fd ona t ion s t ot h e m u seum . A nnua l R epor t o ft h e C an te rbury P h i lo soph ica la nd L i te rar yI n s t i tu t ion 1 828 , 2 0 -5 . Maxf ie ld V A ( ed . ) 1 989 T he S axon S hore : A Handbook . E xe te rS t ud ie s i nH i s to ry , 2 5 . May s SA a nd A nder son T 1 995 A rchaeo log ica l r e sea rch p r io r i t ie s f o r h uman r ema in s f r om s ou th e a s tE ng land ( Ken t , E a s ta nd We s tS u s sex a nd S u r rey ) . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 15 , 3 55 -88 . McRae S G a nd B urnham C P 1 975 A s soc ia t ion 8 6 , 5 93 -610 .

T he s o i l s o f t h e Wea ld .

P roceed ing s o ft h e G eo log i s t s

Meaney A L 1 964 A G a ze t teer o fe a r ly A ng lo -Saxon b ur ia ls i te s ,L ondon . Meaney A L 1 981 A ng lo -Saxon a mu l e t s a nd c u r ing s t one s . S e r ie s9 6 , O xf o rd .

B r i t ish A rchaeo log ica l R epo r t s , B r i t i sh

M i l lard L , J arman S a nd H awke s SC 1 969 A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s n ea r T he L o rd o ft h e Mano r , R am sga te . N ew l i gh to nt h es i te o fO z enge l l? A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 4 , 9 -30 . Morr i sW S 1 842 T he H i s to ry a nd T opog raphy o fW ye . C an te rbu ry . Moore D T a nd Oddy W A 1 985 T ouch s tone s : S ome a spec t s o ft h e i r n omenc la tu re , p e t rog raphy a nd p rovenance . J ourna lo fA rchaeo log ica lS c ience 1 2 , 5 9 -80 . Myno t tE 1 981 Z ion C hape l S i te , D ove r . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR e v iew 6 6 , 1 31 . Myre s JN L 1 937 T h ree s t y le s o fd eco ra t ion o n A ng lo -Saxon p o t te ry . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l 1 7 , 4 24 -37 . Myre s JN L 1 944 W ingham V i l la a nd R omano -Saxon p o t te ry i nK en t . A n t iqu i ty 1 8 , 5 2 -5 .

3 90

A ppend ix 5 .

Myre s JN L 1 969 A ng lo -Saxon p o t tery a nd t h es e t t lemen to fE ng land . O xf o rd . Myre s JN L 1 970 T he A ng les , t h e S axons , a nd t h e J u tes . P roceed ing s o ft h eB r i t i sh A cad emy 1 970 , 1 4 5 174 . Myre s JN L 1 977 A c orpu so fA ng lo -Saxon p o t tery o ft h ep agan p er iod , 1a nd 2 ,C amb r idge . N ay lor G

1 853 -4

A n t iqu i t ies d i scove red . . .on S ta r H i l l . J ourna l o f t h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l

A s soc ia t ion 9 ,4 07 -8 . N ewbury V J 1 946 Human r ema in s f r om L enham . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 9 , 1 20 . N igh t inga le B 1 857 -9

As ma l l c o l lec t ion o f a n t iqu i t ies f r om K en t .

P roceed ing s o ft h e S oc ie ty o f

A n t iquar ies o fL ondon is tS e r ies 4 ,3 34 -5 . N um i smat ic Chron ic le 6( 1 844 ) . N um i sma t ic C hron ic le 7( 1 845) . N um isma t ic Chron ic le 8( 1 846 ) . N um i sma t ic Chron ic le N ew S e r ies 1( 186 1) . N um isma t ic Chron ic le N ew S e r ies 9( 1869 ) . N um ismat ic Chron ic le I ( 1 942 ) . O 'Br ien E 1 999 P os t R oman B r i ta in t oA ng lo -Saxon E ng land : b ur ia lp rac t ice s r ev iewed . A rchaeo log ica l R epor t s2 89 ( Oxf o rd ) .

B r i t ish

O rdnance S urvey 1 866 O b jec tN ame B ook . O rdnance S urvey 1 963 Wye . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 8 , 2 03 . O rdnance S urvey 1 966 Map o fB r i ta in i nt h e Dark A ge s ( 2nd E d i t ion ) , S ur rey . Owen-Crocker G R 1 986 D res s i nA ng lo -Saxon E ng land . Manche s te r . P ader E J 1 982

S ymbo l i sm , s oc ia l r e la t ion s a nd t h e i n terpre ta t ion o f mor tua ry r ema in s .

B r i t i sh

A r chaeo log ica l R epor t s , I n terna t iona l S e r ies 1 30 , O xf o rd . P a lmer S 1 975 P ove res t - I n te r im r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 1 , 2 06 -7 . P a lmer S 1 977 L ondon B o rough o fB rom ley . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 3 , 2 23 . P a lmer S 1 978 P ove re s tO rp ing ton R oman /Saxon s i te . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 4 , 2 83-4 . P a lmer S 1 984 E xcava t ion o ft h eR oman a nd S axon s i te a tO rp ing ton . L ondon B o rough o fB rom ley , L ib rar ies d epa r tmen t . P arf i t t K 1 981 T he R ingwou ld w a te rm a in , 1 980 /81 . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 6 5 , 1 07 111 . P arf i t t K 1 992 A p o ss ib le A ng lo -Saxon c eme tery a tS u t ton -by -Dove r . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 08 , 1 92 -3 .

3 91

A ppend ix 5 . P arf i t t K 1 993 s i te r epo r t .

Wa tch ing B r ief a tM i l lF ie ld , A sh , 1 992 .

D ove r A rchaeo log ica l G roup u npub l i shed

P arf i t t K 1 994 B uck land A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry , D ove r : A n i n te r im r epor t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 14 ,4 54 -6 . P ar f i t tK 1 995a T he I r on A ge B ur ia l sf rom M i l lH i l l , D ea l , K en t . B r i t ish Mu seum P re s s , L ondon . P ar f i t tK 1 995b T he B uck land S axon C eme te ry . C ur ren tA rchaeo logy 1 44 , 4 59 -64 . P ar f i t tK 1 997 S i te 2 :C hu rch Wh i tf ie ld c r o s s road . C an terbwy ' sA rchaeo logy 1 995 -1996 ,2 9 -31 . P arf i t t K 1 998a N eo l i th ic e a r then L ong -Ba r row s i n E a s t K en t - A r ev iew . R ev iew 1 3 1 , 1 5 -21 .

K en t A rchaeo log ica l

P arf i t t K 1 998b A n u n reco rded? A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a t Wa te r 's E nd , n ea r D ove r . A rchaeo log ica lR e v iew 1 34 , 8 9 -90 .

K en t

P arf i t t K 1 999 O b se rva t ion s o f fS t . Mon ica 's R oad , K ing sdown . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 38 , 1 9 1 . P ar f i t t K 2 002a R epo r t o n e va lua t ion t r ench ing a tL ym inge A ng lo -Saxon c eme tery , 2 002 . A rchaeo log ica lG roup u npub l ished s i te r e po r t .

D ove r

P arf i t tK 2 002b A ng lo -Saxon C eme te ry a tN on ing ton . K en tA r chaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 47 , 1 54 159 . P arf i t t K 2 003a R epo r t o n E xcava t ion s a tG u i l ton M i l l , A sh , 2 003 . u npub l i shed s i te r e po r t .

D ove r A rchaeo log ica l G roup

P arf i t t K 2 003b R epor t o n e va lua t ion t r ench ing a t ' Ed en R oc ' , B ay H i l l , S t . Marga r e t ' s a tC l if f e . C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica lT ru s tu npub l i shed s i te r e po r t . P arf i t t K 2 004 A s se s smen t o fe xcava t ion s a t ' Ed en R oc ' , B ay H i l l , S t Ma rga re t ' s a tC l i f f e , 2 004 . C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica l T ru s tu npub l i shed s i te r e po r t . P arf i t t Ka nd B rugmann B 1 997 T he A ng lo -Saxon C eme te ry o n M i l lH i l l , D ea l , K en t . S oc ie ty f o r Med ieva lA rchaeo logy Monog raph S e r ie s 1 4 , L ondon . P arf i t t K a nd N eedham S 2 004

I n te r im r epo r t o n e xcava t ion s a tR ing l eme re F arm , K en t , 2 004

( T rench 5 ) . C an te rbu ry A rchaeo log ica lT ru s ta nd B r i t ish Mu seum i n te r im s i te r e por t . P arke AG 1 980 A ppend ix 3 : H i s to r ica l c on s ide ra t ion s . Wa l sh 1 980 , 3 18 -9 . P ar sons F G 1 911 O n s ome S axon b one s f r om F o lke s tone . J ou rna lo ft h eA n thropo log ica lI n s t i tu te 4 1 , 1 01129 . P ayne G

1 880

A ccoun t o f r e cen t d i scove r ie s o f R oman a nd S axon r ema in s n ea r S i t t ingbou rne .

P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s o fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s 8 ,2 75 -6 . P ayne G 1 882a A ng lo -Saxon r ema in s f r om S i t t ingbou rne . P roc eed ing s o ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s o fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s 9 ,1 62 . P ayne G 1 882b C a ta logue o ft h e Mu seum o fL oca lA n t iqu i t ie s . S i t t ingbou rne . P ayne G 1 886 R oman l e aden c off in a nd o t he r i n te rmen t s d i scove red n ea r S i t t ingbou rne , K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 6 , 9 11 .

3 92

A ppend ix 5 .

P ayne G 1 888 A na r cha eo log ica ls u rvey o fK en t . A rchaeo log ia 5 1 , I ,4 47 -468 . P ayne G 1 889a O n aR oman s t a tue a nd o t he rr ema in s i nt h e D ove rm u seum . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 8 ,2 02 -5 . P ayne G 1 889b O n aR oman r i ng f o und a tM i l ton -nex t -S i t t ingbou rne . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 8 , 2 07 -8 . P ayne G 1 889 -91 R ecen t a r cha eo log ica l d i scove r ie s i n K en t . A n t iqua r ie so fL ond on 21 S e r ie s 1 3 , 1 88 -92 .

P roceed ing s o f t h e S oc i e ty o f

P ayne G 1 891 -3 K en t i sh a nd A ng lo -Saxon r ema in s . . ,f r om t h e c o l lec t ion o f .. Hen ry D u rden . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r i e so fL ond on rd S e r ie s 1 4 , 3 12 -5 . P ayne G 1 892 C a ta logue o ft h e S oc ie ty 's c o l lec t ion s a t Ma id s tone . S axon , Med ieva l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 9 ,4 38 .

A n t iqu i t ie s :

B r i t i sh , R oman ,

P ayne G 1 893 C o l l ec tanea C an t iana : o r , a r chaeo log ica l r e sea rche s i n t h e n e ighbou rhood o f S i t t ingbou rne a nd o t he rp a r t so fK en t , L ondon . P ayne G 1 893 -5a A ng lo -Saxon r ema in sf o und a tD ove r . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r i e so f L ond on rd S e r ie s 1 5 , 1 78 -83 . P ayne G 1 893 -5b O n s ome A ng lo -Saxon o r namen t s f o und n ea rT eynham , K en t . P roceed ing s o ft h e S oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ond on 2 nd S e r ie s 1 5 , 1 84 . P ayne G 1 895 R e sea r che sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t . A rcha eo log ia C an t iana 2 1 ,x l v i i lv i . P ayne G 1 896 K en tD i scove r i e s . U npub l i shed m anu sc r ip t . P ayne G 1 897 R e sea rche sa nd d i scov e r ie s i nK en t , 1 895 -6 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 2 , x l ix lx i i . P ayne G 1 898 R oman d i scove r ie s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 3 , 1 23 . P ayne G 1 900a R e sea r ch e sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t , 1 899 1900 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 4 , l i lx . P ayne G 1 900b R e sea r che sa nd d i scove r ie s , 1 899 1900 . P roceed ing s o ft h eS oc i e ty o fA n t iqua r ie so f L ond on 2 nd S e r ie s 1 8 , 7 7 -87 . P ayne G 1 902 R e sea r che sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t , 1 900 190 1 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 5 , l i x Ixx i i . P ayne G 1 905 R e sea rche sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t , 1 902 -4 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 7 , l x v lxxx . P ayne G 1 909 R e sea rche s a nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t , 1 905 -7 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 8 , l x xxv i i i x cv i i . P ayne G 1 911 R e sea r che sa nd d i scov e r ie s i nK en t , 1 908 10 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 9 , l x xv i lxxxv . P ear son A 2 002 T he R oman S ho re F o r t s . C oa s ta ld ef ence so fs ou the rn B r i ta in . S t roud . P erk in s D RJ 1 983 T he I s le o fT hane tA r cha eo log ica lU n i t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 9 ,2 72 . P erk ins D R J 1 984 T he T hane tG a sP i pe l ine -Pha se I I , 1 983 . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 7 8 , 1 80 .

3 93

A ppend ix 5 . P erk ins D R J 1 985 T he Mon l c ton g a s p i pe l ine : p ha se s I I a nd I V , 1 983-84 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 02 ,4 3 -69 . P erk in s DRJ 1 987 T he J u t i sh c eme te ry a tH a lf M i le R ide , Ma rga te : ar e -app ra isa l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 04 ,2 19 -36 . P erk ins D R J 1 991 C an t iana 1 09 , 1 39 -68 .

T he J u t i sh c eme te ry a tS a r re r e v i s i ted : A r e scue e va lua t ion .

A rchaeo log ia

P erk ins D R J 1 992 T he J u t i sh c eme te ry a tS a r r e r e v i s i ted : P a r t I . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 10 , 8 3 1 20 . P erk ins D R J 1 997 R e sea rche s a nd d i scove r ie s : A rchaeo logy . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 17 , 2 27 -237 .

A r e po r t o n w o rk b y t h e T ru s t f o r T hane t

P erk ins D R J a nd Hawke s SC 1 984 T he T hane t g a s p i pe l ine p ha se s Ia nd I ( Monk ton P a r i sh ) , 1 982 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 0 1 , 8 3 114 . P erk ins D R J e ta l 1 987 T hane tD i s t r ic tC ounc i l .

T he G a teway I s land : A rchaeo log ica l D i scove r ie s i n T hane t 1 630 -1987 .

P h i l ip A J 1 914 H i s tory o fG ra ve send . G rave send . P h i l ip A J 1 937 R epor to nd i scove r ie s i nG rave send . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 4 9 , x lv i i i . P h i l ip A J 1 954 A h i s tory o fG rave send a nd i t ss ur round ing s . G rave send . P h i lp B J 1 964 S evenoak s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 9 , l i x . P h i lp B J 1 965 S axon c eme te ry a tP o lh i l l , n ea rS evenoak s . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 ,3 . P h i lp B J 1 967a T he S axon c eme te ry a tP o lh i l l . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 9 ,2 -6 . P h i lp B J 1 967b F ur the re xcava t ion sa tP o lh i l l . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 0 , 2 -4 . P h i lp B J 1 971 T he d i scove ry o f aS axon G rubenhau s a tK e s ton . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 2 5 , 1 3 1-5 . P h i lp B J 1 973 E xca va t ion s i nW e s tK en t 1 960 -70 , D ove r . P h i lp B J 1 979 T he A ng lo -Saxon C eme te ry a tP o lh i l l . I nK en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 5 8 , 1 78 . P h i lp B J 1 998 R oman t own d i scove red a tA shf o rd . K en tA rcha eo log ica lR ev iew 1 33 , 5 7 -65 . P h i lp B J 2 002 T he A ng lo -Sa xon C eme te ry a tP o lh i l ln ea rS evenoak s , K en t 1 964 -1986 . K en tS pec ia l S ub jec tS e r ie s 1 5 ,K en tA rchaeo log ica lR e scue U n i t . P h i lp B J a nd Hawke s SC

1 980

F ou r m o re A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s d i scove red a t P o lh i l l .

K en t

A rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 5 8 , 1 78 -88 . P h i lp B J a nd K e l ler P T 2 002

T he A ng lo -Saxon C eme te ry a tE a s t ry , n ea r Dover .

K en t S pec ia l

S ub jec tS e r ie s 1 4 , D ove r . P h i lpo t t R 1 991 B ur ia lp rac t ice s i nR oman B r i ta in : As urvey o fg rave t r ea tmen t a nd f u rn i sh ing AD 4 3 -410 . B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l R epo r t s , B r i t i sh S e r ie s2 19 , O xf o rd .

3 94

A ppend ix 5 . P ine E 1 957 R e sea rche sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t : F ave r sham . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 1 , 2 30 1 . P lanche J R 1 859 A s soc ia t ion 1 5 ,2 90 .

A n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave a t G u i l ton .

J ourna l o f t h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l

P o s te B 1 858 O bse rva t ion s o n t h e s uppo sed s i te o f a nc ien t R oman Ma id s tone . C an t iana 1 ,1 54 175 .

A rchaeo log ia

P o t t s RU 1 944 T he g o ld m eda le to fL euda rd t h e B i shop -t h eo lde s tE ng l i sh g o ld c o in . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 7 ,7 2 -4 . P ower s Rand C u l len R 1 987 T he h uman s ke le ta lr ema in s . I nE v ison 1 987 , 1 97 -201 . P oyn ter A 1 852 S eve ra lr e l ic so ft h eA ng lo -Saxon p e r iod . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l9 ,3 04 -5 . P re t ty E 1 842 ' Draw ing s ' , I . MS i n Ma id s tone m u seum . P r ie s t S 1 938 S axon c eme te ry , " R i se ley" , H o r ton K i rby . A n t iquar ian S oc ie ty 8 ,1 4 -30 .

T ran sac t ion s o ft h e Da r tf ord D i s t r ic t

P roceed ing so ft he B ury a nd We s tS uf f o lk A rchaeo log ica l I n s t i tu te I( 1895 ) , 2 7 . P roceed ing so ft he S uf f o lk I n s t i tu te o fA rchaeo logy 2 5 ( 1949 ) . P ryer A 1 847 -8 B ead s d i scove red a t Wh i tehea th , H o l l ingboume , K en t . J ourna l o f t h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 3 ,2 48 ,3 23 . R ah tz P 1 976 A ppend ix A : G aze t tee ro fA ng lo -Saxon d ome s t ic s e t t lemen ts i te s . I nW i l son D M ( ed . ) 1 976 ,4 05-452 . R ah tz P , D ick in son T a nd Wa t t s L 1 980 A ng lo -Saxon c eme te r ie s 1 979 : T he f ou r th A ng lo -Sa xon s ympo s ium a tO xf ord . B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lR epor tB r i t i sh S e r ie s 8 2 , O xf o rd . R e ichs te in J 1 975 D ie k r euzf ö rm ige F ibe l : Z u rc h rono log ie d e r s pä ten r öm i schen k a i se rz e i t u nd d e r V ö lke rwande rungze i t i n S kand inav ien , a uf d em K on t inen t u nd i n E ng land . Of a -Buche r , B and 3 4 , N eumün s te r . R hode s M 1 990 F au s se t t r e d i scove r ed : C ha r le s R oach Sm i th , J o seph Maye r , a nd t h e p ub l ica t ion o f I n ven tor ium S epukhra le . I nS ou thwor th ( e d . ) 1 990 , 2 5 -64 . R ichard son A F 1 994 T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a t D ove r H i l l , F o lke s tone . d i s se r ta t ion ,U n ive r s i ty o f Wa le sC o l lege o fC a rd if f .

U npub l i shed BA

R ichard son A F 1 995 T he L a the o fL ympne . As t ud y o f ar eg ion o fK en t , f rom t h e 5 t h - t o8 th c en tur ie s AD . U npub l i shed M .Ph i lt h e s i s ,U n ive r s i ty o f Wa le sC o l lege o fC a rd if f . R ichard son A F 2 004 A nA ng lo -Saxon s i te a tT hu rnham . I nK en tA rchaeo log ica lS oc ie ty N ew s le t te r 6 2 , 1 4 -15 . R idd ler 11997 T he Moun tP l ea san tA ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry . C an te rbury ' sA rchaeo logy 1 995 -6 , 8 1 . R igo ld S E 1 960 T he t wo p r ima ry s e r ie so fS cea t ta s . B r i t i sh N um i sma t ic J ourna l3 0 , 6 53 . R igo ld S E 1 972 R oman F o lke s tone r e con s ide red . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 7 , 3 1-41 .

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A ppend ix 5 . R igo ld SE a nd Web s ter L E 1 970 T h ree A ng lo -Saxon d i sc b rooche s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 5 , 1 1 8 . R igo ld SE a nd Me tca lf D M 1 984 A r e v i sed c heck l i s to fE ng l i sh f i nd s o fs c ea t ta s . H i l la nd Me tca lf ( e d s . ) 1 984 ,2 45 -268 . R ive t A L Fa nd Sm i th C 1 979 T he P lace -name so fR oman B r i ta in . R o lf e W H 1 845 G o ld B yzan t ine a nd Me rov ing ian c o in s . . .d i scove red . . .nea r t h e C hu r ch o f S t . Ma r t in 's , C an te rbu ry .A rchaeo log ica lJ ou rna l 1 ,2 79 . R o lf e W H 1 847 -8 E a r ly S axon k ey s , f o und i n ag rave a t O senga l . J ourna l o f t h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 3 ,2 46 . R o l le s ton G 1 868 R e sea r che s a nd e xcava t ion s c a r r ied o n i na n a nc ien t c eme te ry a tF r i lf o rd , n ea r A b ingdon ,B e rk s . , i nt h ey ea r s 1 867 -8 . A rchaeo log ia 4 2 , 4 17 -85 . R owe A 1 923a I s le o fT hane tG a ze t te a nd T hane t T ime s2 0 /0 1/ 1923 , 1 . R owe A 1 923b P o s tca rd t oH . H u rd ( 3 1/07 / 1923 ) . Ma rga te P ub l ic L ib ra ry . R owe A 1 923c L e t te rt oH . H u rd ( 19 / 10 / 1923 ) i nO Sr e co rd s . S t .J o seph JK 1 974 A i rr e conna i s sance : r e cen tr e su l t s , 3 5 . A n t iqu i ty 4 8 , 2 13 -5 , p l . x xv i i i . S a t in B 1 904 D ie a l tgerman i sche T h ie ro rnamen t ik . S a lway P 1 981 R oman B r i ta in . O xf o rd . S aunder s A D 1 978 E xcava t ion s i nt h e C hu rch o f S t . A ugu s t ine 's A bbey , C an te rbu ry . A rchaeo log y2 2 ,2 5 -63 .

Med ieva l

S ch if f er M B 1 976 B ehav ioura la rchaeo logy . N ew Y o rk . S ch if f er M B 1 987 F orma t ion p roce s se s o ft h e a rchaeo log ica lr ecord . U n ive r s i ty o fN ew Mex ico , A lbuque rque . S co t t -Rober t son W A 1 878 A r chaeo log ica ln o te so nT hane t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 2 , 3 29 -4 19 . S co t t -Rober t son W A C an t iana 1 5 ,6 8 -80 .

1 883

T race s o f R oman o ccupa t ion i na nd n ea r Ma id s tone .

A rchaeo log ia

S cure l l DG 1 964 I s le o fT hane t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 9 , l x . S cure l l DG 1 970 I s le o fT hane t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 5 , 1 88 . S cure l l DG 1 971 T hane t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 6 ,2 45 -6 . S haw R 1 994 T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tE cc le s : Ap r e l im ina ry r epor t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 14 , 1 65 -88 . S haw W F 1 870 L iber E s t r iae , o r Memor ie s o ft h eR oya l V i l le a nd P a r i sh o fE a s e , i nt h e c oun ty o f K en t ,L ondon . S her lock D a nd Wood s H

1 988

S t . A ugu s t ine ' sA bbey :

A r chaeo log ica l S oc ie ty Monog raph 4 . Ma id s tone .

R epor t o n e xcava t ion s 1 960 -78 .

K en t

A ppend ix 5 .

Sm i th C R 1 843 -9 A ng lo -Saxon r ema in sr e cen t ly d i scove red a tS tow t ing . P roceed ing s o ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iquar ie so fL ondon 1 s tS e r ie s 1 ,2 8 -9 . Sm i th C R 1 844a A n a ccoun t o fs ome a n t iqu i t ie s f ound i nt h e n e ighbou rhood o fS andw ich , i nt h e c oun ty o fK en t . A rchaeo log ia 3 0 , 1 32 -6 . Sm i th C R 1 844b No te o nv i s i tt oS tow t ing , K en t . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l 1 ,6 9 . Sm i th C R 1 845 D i scove r ie s o f A ng lo -Saxon a n t iqu i t ie s . . .R am sga te . A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 1 ,2 42 -3 .

J ourna l o f t h e B r i t i sh

Sm i th C R 1 846 L e t te rf r om C R Sm i th t ot h e S ec re ta ry , S i rH en ry E l l i s . A rchaeo log ia 3 1 , 3 98 -402 . Sm i th C R 1 846 -7a [ Ang lo -Saxon d i scove r ie s f r om R am sga te . ] A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 2 ,8 5 .

J ourna l o f t h e B r i t i sh

Sm i th C R 1 846 -7b D i scove r ie s o f a nc ien t r ema in s , n ea r R am sga te . A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 2 ,2 81 .

J ou rna l o f t h e B r i t i sh

Sm i th C R 1 848a C o l l ec tanea A n t igua I ,L ondon . Sm i th C R 1 848b D i scove ry o fA ng lo -Saxon r ema in s a tN or th f lee t , K en t . A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 3 ,2 35 -40 .

J ourna l o ft h e B r i t i sh

Sm i th C R 1 848c D i scove ry o fA ng lo -Saxon r ema in s a t No r thf lee t . I nD unk in 1 848 , 1 49 -54 . Sm i th C R 1 849a 1 58 -9 .

D raw ing s b y M r . F a i rho l t . J ourna l o ft h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l A s soc ia t ion 4 ,

Sm i th C R 1 849b D iscove r ie s o fS axon a n t iqu i t ie s a tG i l ton , n ea rA sh , i nK en t .J ourna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 4 ,3 85 -6 . Sm i th C R 1 850a A n t iqu i t ie s o fR ichbo rough , R ecu lve ra nd L ymne ,L ondon . Sm i th C R 1 850b A s soc ia t ion 5 ,3 74 .

E a r ly S axon g r ave s [ f rom ] G o s s -f ie ld .

J ou rna l o ft h e B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica l

Sm i th C R 1 850 -3 A n . . .Ang lo -Saxon h a i r -p in . . ,d ug u p a tG i l ton . A n t iquar ie so fL ondon i s tS e r ie s , 2 ,1 7 1 .

P roceed ing s o ft h e S oc ie ty o f

Sm i th C R 1 852 C o l l ec tanea A n t igua I ,L ondon . Sm i th C R 1 854 C o l l ec tanea A n t igua I I , L ondon . Sm i th C R 1 858 O n A ng lo -Saxon r ema in s r e cen t ly d i scove red a t F ave r sham , a t Wye , a nd a t We s twe l l , i nK en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 ,4 2 -9 . Sm i th C R 1 859 K .AS s e cond a nnua l m ee t ing : T he e xh ib i t ion o f a n t iqu i t ie s a t t h e D eane ry . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 ,x xxv i i i -x l i i i . Sm i th C R 1 860 O n A ng lo -Saxon r ema in s d i scove red r e cen t ly i n v a r iou s p lace s i n K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 3 ,3 5 -46 . Sm i th C R 1 861 C o l l ec tanea A n t igua V , L ondon .

3 97

A ppend ix 5 . Sm i th C R 1 868 C o l lec tanea A n t igua V I , L ondon . Sm i th C R 1 871 A c a ta logue o fA ng lo -Saxon a nd o t he ra n t iqu i t ie sd i scovered a t Fa ve r sham , i nK en t , a nd b equea thed b y W i l l iam G ibb st ot h eS ou th K en s ing ton Mu seum . Sm i th C R 1 880 A S axon c eme te ry a tC l if f e . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 3 , 5 62 . Sm i th R A 1 908a Ang lo -Saxon R ema in s . T he V i c to r ia H i s tory o ft h eC oun ty o fK en t , I ,39 -387 . Sm i th R A 1 908b A ng lo -Saxon R ema in s . T he V i c tor ia H i s tory o ft h eC oun ty o fR u t land , I ,9 5 106 . Sm i th R A 1 908c No te o n h o r se b rooche s a nd e name l led m oun t s . A n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s2 2 , 6 3 -86 . Sm i th R A 1 908d J ourna l6 5 , 6 5 -88 .

P roceed ing s o ft h e S oc ie ty o f

T he e vo lu t ion a nd d i s t r ibu t ion o fs ome A ng lo -Saxon b rooches . A rchaeo log ica l

Sm i th R A 1 918 P reh is to r ic a nd A ng lo -Saxon r ema in s d i scove r ed b y C ap ta in L Moy sey a tH ow le t t s , n ea rB r idge , K en t . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie so fL ondon 2 nd S e r ie s 3 0 , 1 02 13 . Sm i th R A 1 923 A g u id e t ot h e A ng lo -Saxon a nd f ore ign t e u ton ic a n t iqu i t ie s i nt he D epa r tmen t o f B r i t i sh a nd Med iaeva lA n t iqu i t ie s ,L ondon . Sm i th R A 1 926 A ng lo -Saxon j ewe l s f r om K en t . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l6 ,4 46 -7 . Sm i th R A 1 935 -6 J u t i sh f i nd s i nK en t . B r i t i sh Mu seum Q ua r te r ly 1 0 , 1 31-2 . Sm i th R A 1 938 A ng lo -Saxon a n t iqu i t ie s f r om K en t . B r i t i sh Mu seum Q ua r ter ly 1 2 , 7 0 1 . Sm i th R H S 1 877 A c a rved A ng lo -Saxon b one c omb , f ound i nL ondon i n1 876 . T he A rchaeo log ica l J ourna l3 4 ,4 50 -52 . S oc ie ty o fA n t iquar ie s M inu te s B ook I( Dec . 1 7 th 1 730 ) , 2 55 , e n t ry 2 84 . S orensen P ( For thcom ing ) T he V u te s ' i nA ng lo -Saxon E ng land - Ar ea s se s smen t . I n s t i tu te o fA rchaeo logy , O xf o rd .

D .Ph i l . t h e s i s ,

S ou thwor th E ( ed . ) 1 990 A ng lo -Saxon C eme te r ie s : Ar eappra i sa l . S t roud . S parey -Green C 2 003 A rchaeo log ica lT ru s t .

H o r ton , C ha r tham .

I n C an te rbury ' s A rchaeo logy 2 001-2202 , C an te rbu ry

S peake G 1 980 A ng lo -Saxon a n ima la r ta nd i t sG e rman ic b ackg round . O xf o rd . S purre l l FC J 1 889 D a r tf o rd A n t iqu i t ie s . N o te s o n B r i t i sh , R oman a nd S axon r ema in st h e r e f ound . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 8 , 3 04 18 . S tebb ing W P D U npub l i shed m anu sc r ip t , D ea l l i b ra ry . S tebb ing W P D 1 934 A J u t i sh b u r ia l a bove D ea l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 4 6 ,2 09 10 . S tebb ing W P D 1 937 P re -Roman , R oman a nd p o s t -Roman p o t te ry f r om b u r ia ls a t Wo r th , E a s t K en t . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ourna l 1 7 , 3 10 12 . S tebb ing W PD 1 939 R e sea rch a bou t D ea l i n1 939 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 1 ,2 05 -7 .

3 98

A ppend ix 5 . S t ebb ing W P D 1 943a x xx i i i .

K en t A r cha eo log ica l S oc ie ty R epo r t 1 942 .

A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 6 ,

S t ebb ing W P D 1 943b C he r ry G a rden H i l lt umu lu s , F o lke s tone . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 5 6 ,2 8 -9 . S t ebb ing W P D 1 951 R e sea rch i ns ou th -ea s tK en t , 1 949 -50 . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 4 , 1 50 -3 . S t ebb ing W P D 1 954 R e s ea rche sa nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t : D ea l a nd d i s t r ic t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 8 ,2 04 . S t ebb ing W P D 1 955 R e sea r che s a nd d i scove r ie s i nK en t : D ea l D i s t r ic t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 9 ,2 02 -4 . S t ephen sW 1 994 T he m y s t e ry o ft h em i s s ing g l a s s . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 18 , 1 8 3 -5 . S t i lborg 0 1 992 A c h rono log ica l a na ly s i s o fA ng lo -Saxon m en 's g r ave s i nE ng land . I nJ o rg en sen ( e d . ) 1 992 , C h rono log ica ls t ud ie so fA ng lo -Sa xon E ng land , L omba rd I t a ly , a nd V end e lp e r iod S wed en . C openhagen ,3 5 -49 . S toye l AD 1 959 T he A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a tP o lh i l l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 3 ,2 25 . S tuk e ley W 1 724 I t ine ra r i um C u r io sum . S wan ton M J 1 973 T he s p ea rhead so ft h eA ng lo -Sa xon s e t t l emen t s ,L ondon . S wan ton M J 1 974 A c orpu so fp a gan A ng lo -Sa xon s pea r type s . BAR 7 ,O xf o rd . S ydenham J 1 844 N o t e o n c on s t ruc t ion o fr e sevo i r i nG r eenw ich P a rk . T he A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l 1 ,1 66 -8 . T ay lor M 1 998 Two R e l ic s o f E ng l i sh C h r i s t ian i ty b ef o r e t h e a r r iva l o f S t . A ugu s t ine . A rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 32 ,3 2 -8 .

K en t

T ay lor M V 1 923 R omano -B r i t i sh K en t , P a r t I V : C oun t ry h ou se s a nd o t he rb u i ld ing s . T he V i c to r ia H i s to ry o ft h eC oun ty o fK en t , I I , 1 02 -26 . T e s ter P J 1 956 A nA ng lo -Saxon o ccupa t ion s i t ea tD a r tf o rd . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 0 ,2 56 -9 . T e s ter P J 1 968 A nA ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry a tO rp ing ton , f i r s ti n te r im r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 3 , 1 25 -50 . T e s ter P J 1 969 E xcava t ion s a tF o rdc rof t , O rp ing ton : c onc lud ing r e po r t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 8 4 , 3 9 -77 . T e s ter P J 1 977 F u r the rn o t e s o n t h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e ry a tO rp ing ton . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 3 ,2 01-2 . T hane tA dver t i ser 2 7 / 11/ 1953 . T hane tG az e t te 2 4 /09 / 1932 . T ime s2 9 / 10 / 19 18 . T ime s3 1/ 10 / 1918 . T ime s 1 6 / 11 / 1938 .

3 99

A ppend ix 5 .

T urner D J 1 980 T he No r th D own sT rackway . S ur rey A rchaeo log ica lC o l lec t ions 7 2 , 1 13 . T y ler S 1 992 A ng lo -Saxon s e t t lemen t i nt h e D a ren t V a l ley a nd e nv i ron s . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 10 ,7 1-81 . V a le J 1 989 A rchaeo log ica l n o te s f r om t h e K en t C oun ty Mu s eum S e rv ice . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 1 07 ,4 10 -5 . V a l iance W 1 844 O n s ome a nc ien t r ema in s f ound s om e y ea r s s i nce , b e tween M i l ton a nd S i t t ingbou rne . D unk in ( ed . ) 1 844 , 3 36 -7 . V a l le t Fa nd K azansk iM ( eds . ) 1 993 L 'Armee R oma ine e tL e sB a rba re s . D uI IA u V I I S i èc le . Wa l sh R M 1 980 R ecen t i n ve s t iga t ion s a t t h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry , D a ren th P a rk H o sp i ta l , D a r tf o rd . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 6 , 3 05 -20 . Ward G 1 931 S evenoak sE s say s . Ward G U npub l i shed n o te s , Ma id s tone m u seum . Warhur s tA 1 952 E xcava t ion so n H o lbo rough H i l l . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 5 , 1 92 . Warhur s t A 1 954 -5 T he e xcava t ion o ft h e J u t i sh c eme te ry a tL ym inge , K en t . N ew s l e t te rv o lume 5 ,n o . 1 ,2 28 -30 .

T he A rcha eo log ica l

Warhur s tA 1 955 T he J u t i sh c eme te ry a tL ym inge . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 6 9 , 1 40 . Warner F L 1 960 L e t te rt o A LS av i l l , 0 9 / 12 / 1960 . Warner FL 1 961 L e t te rt o AL S av i l l ,2 8 /02 / 196 1 . Web s ter L E 1 972 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 971 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 6 , 1 47 -70 . Web s ter L E 1 974 Med ieva l B r i ta in i n1 973 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 8 , 1 74 -87 . Web s ter L E 1 975 Med ieva l B r i ta in i n1 974 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 9 , 2 20 -32 . Web s ter L E 1 976 Med ieva l B r i ta in i n1 975 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 2 0 , 1 58 -76 . Web s ter L E 1 977 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 976 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo log y2 1 ,2 04 -222 . Web s ter L E 1 982 A n A ng lo -Saxon s e ven th -cen tu ry p endan t f r om t h e O ld We s tga te F a rm S i te , C an te rbu ry . T he A n t iqua r ie sJ ou rna l6 2 , 3 73 -5 . Web s ter L E a nd B rown M 1 997 T he t r an sf orma t ion o ft h eR oman w or ld : AD 4 00 -900 . L ondon . We lch M G 1 983 E a r ly A ng lo -Saxon S u s sex . O xf o rd . We lch M G

1 993

B r i t i sh A r chaeo log ica l R epo r t s , B r i t i sh S e r ies 12 ,

T he a r chaeo log ica l e v idence f o r f e de ra te s e t t lemen t i n B r i ta in w i th in t h e 5t h

c en tu ry . I nV a l le ta nd K azan sk i ( e d s . ) 1 993 ,2 69 -277 . We l l s Ca nd G reen C 1 973 S un r i se d a t ing o fd ea th a nd b u r ia l . N orf o lk A rchaeo logy 3 5 , 4 35 -42 .

4 00

A ppend ix 5 . We l sby D A 1 982 T he R oman m i l i ta ry d ef ence o ft h e B r i t i sh p rov ince s i ni t s l a te rp ha se s . B r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lR epor t s ,B r i t i sh S e r ie s 1 01 , O xf o rd . Wenham S 1 989 A na tom i ca l i n te rp re ta t ion s o fA ng lo -Saxon w eapon i n ju r ie s . 1 23 139 . Wh i te R 1 990 S c rap o rs ub s t i tu te : R oman m a te r ia l i nA ng lo -Saxon g rave s . 1 25 152 . Wh i t ing W

H awke s ( e d . ) 1 989 ,

S ou thwor th ( e d . ) 1 990 ,

1 927 On s ome J u t i sh p o t te ry f ound i nK en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 3 9 , 3 5 -6 .

Wh i t ing W a nd S tebb ing W P D C an t iana 4 1 , 15 125 .

1 929

J u t i sh c eme te ry n ea r F i ng le sham , K en t .

A rchaeo log ia

Wh i t ley T W 1 913 U npub l i shed m anu sc r ip t . K en tA rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty L ib ra ry , Ma id s tone . W ickham H 1 846 -7 A s p ea rhead . . .[ a nd t wo k n ive s ] . . .recen t ly d i scove red b e tween S t rood a nd T emp le F a rm . J ou rna lo ft h eB r i t i sh A rchaeo log ica lA s soc ia t ion 2 ,1 92 -3 . W i lk inson D R P 1 990 H i s tor ic D ove r : A na rchaeo log ica li mp l ica t ion ss ur vey o ft h et own . D ove r . W i l l iams D E a nd P ayne P R A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 9 5 ,2 84 -6 .

1 979

T h ree b u r ia l s f r om S t . Ma rga re t 's S t ree t , R oche s te r .

W i l l iams H 1 997 A nc ien t l a nd scape s a nd t h e d ead : T he r e u se o fp r eh is to r ic a nd R oman m onumen t s a se a r ly Ang lo -Saxon b u r ia ls i t e s . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 4 1 , 1 32 . W i l l iams H 1 998 Monumen t s a nd t h e p a s t i ne a r ly A ng lo -Saxon E ng land . 9 0 108 .

Wor ld A rchaeo log y 3 0 / 1 ,

W i l l son J 1 984a F u r the rS axon b u r ia l s f r om B reach D own , B a rham . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 7 6 , 1 25 -30 . W i l l son J 1 984b R e scue w o rk a tW ick Wood , B a rham , K en t . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 7 7 , 1 66 7 4 . W i l l son J 1 986 A p agan b u r ia lf r om Wh i tf ie ld . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 8 3 , 5 4 -57 . Wi l l son J 1 988 S axon b u r ia l sf r om P r io ry H i l l , D ove r . K en tA rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 9 4 , 8 1-92 . W i l l son J 1 990 R e scu e e xcava t ion s o n t h e A ng lo -Saxon c eme te ry a t E a s t ry , A rchaeo log ica lR ev iew 1 00 ,2 29 -31 .

1 989 .

K en t

Wi l son D M 1 956 A nA ng lo -Saxon g rave n ea rD a r tf o rd , K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 0 , 1 87 -91 . Wi l son D M 1 957 An A ng lo -Saxon r i ng f r om S a r re , K en t . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 7 1 , 2 31-2 . Wi l son D M 1 958 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 957 : I ,P re -conque s t . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 2 ,1 83 -90 . Wi l son D M 1 960 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 959 : I ,P re -conque s t . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 4 ,1 34 -9 . W i l son D M 1 961 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 960 : I ,P re -conque s t . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 5 ,3 09 12 . Wi l son D M 1 964 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 962 -3 : I ,P re -conque s t . Med ie va lA rchaeo log y8 ,2 31-4 1 . W i l son D M 1 965 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 964 : I ,P re -conque s t . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 9 ,1 70 -8 .

4 01

A ppend ix 5 .

Wi l son D M 1 966 Med ieva l B r i ta in i n1 965 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 0 , 1 68 -76 . Wi l son D M 1 967 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 966 : I ,P r e -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 ,2 62 -72 . Wi l son D M 1 968 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 967 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 2 , 1 55 -64 . Wi l son D M 1 969 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 968 : I ,P r e -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 3 ,2 30 -43 . Wi l son D M 1 970 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 969 : I ,P r e -conque s t . M ed ieva lA rchaeo logy 1 4 , 1 55 165 . Wi l son D M 1 971 Med ieva lB r i ta in i n1 970 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed i eva lA rchaeo logy 1 5 , 1 24 137 . Wi l son D M 1 976 T he A rchaeo logy o fA ng lo -Saxon E ng land . C amb r idge . Wi thy R a nd R ya l lJ1 756 T we lve P la te s o fE ng l i sh S i lve rC o in s . Wi tney K P 1 976 T he J u t i sh F o re s t : As t ud yo ft h e W ea ld o fK en tf rom 4 50 t o1 380 AD . L ondon . W i tney K P 1 982 T he K ingdom o fK en t . C h iche s te r . Woodruf fCH 1 904 F u r the r d i scove r ie s o f l a te C e l t ic a nd R omano -B r i t i sh i n termen t s a t Wa lme r . A rchaeo log ia C an t iana 2 6 , 9 16 . Wrench F 1 845 A b r ief a ccoun to ft h ep a r i sh o fS tow t ing , L ondon . Wr igh t T

1 844

A n a ccoun t o f t h e o pen ing o f b a r row s i n B ou rne P a rk , n ea r C an t e rbu ry .

T he

A rchaeo log ica lJ ourna l 1 ,2 53 -6 . Wr igh tT 1 845 T he A rchaeo log ica lA lbum : o r , m u seum o fn a t iona la n t iqu i t ie s , L ondon . Wr igh tT 1 850 -3a A n e a r ly A ng lo -Saxon b a r row o n B a rham D own s . P roceed ing s o ft h eS oc i e ty o f A n t iqua r ie s l 'S e r ie s2 ,5 8 -9 . Wr igh t T 1 850 -3b F ragmen t s o fR oman a nd S axon p o t te ry , r e cen t ly f ound i nt h e n e ighbou rhood o f F o lke s tone . P roceed ing so ft h eS oc ie ty o fA n t iqua r ie s i s tS e r ie s2 ,1 74 -6 . Wr igh tT 1 852 T he C el , t h eR oman a nd t h eS axon , L ondon . Y oung s SM 1 981 Med ieva l B r i ta in i n1 980 : I ,P re -conque s t . M ed i eva lA rchaeo logy 2 5 , 1 66 -86 . Y oung s SM a nd C lark J 1 982 Med ieva l B r i ta in i n1 981 . Med i eva lA rchaeo logy 2 6 , 1 64 -227 . Y oung s SM ,C lark Ja nd B arry T 1 985 Med ieva l B r i ta in i n1 984 . Med ieva lA rchaeo logy 2 9 , 1 58 2 30 .

4 02

Append ix 6 : Map s a nd F igure s

Append ix 6

P l a te I :T he K ing s ton B rooch . © Na t iona l Museum s L iverpoo l .

F igure 1 : Quo i tB rooch me ta lwork i nK en t . a . S arr e . b . How le t t s . c .L ym inge I g r . 1 0 . d .F aver sham . e .B if rons . f .O rp ing ton g r . 5 1 . ( Sca le 1 : 1 . A f ter I nker 1 997 ) .

.

C

F igure 2 :S cand inav ian R e l ief B rooche sf r om K en t . a . C an terbury . b .F ing le sham . c .B if ron s . d .C op S tree t . e .G i l ton . f .( Sca le 1 : 1 . A f ter B akka 1 958 ) .

Append ix 6

F igu re 3

B if rons g r . 6 3

7

B if rons g r . 2 9

F ing leshäm g r . 2 03

F igure 3 :S ome B rac tea te s f r om K en t . ( Sca le 1 : 1 . A f ter Hawkes a nd P o l lard 1 981) .

1 0

Append ix 6

F igu re 4

F igure 4 : An ima l a r to n K en t ish D isc B rooche s , a nd t he C oombe R ing Sword . ( Sca le B rooches 3 :1 ,R ing S word 3 :2 . A f ter A ven t 1 975 a nd Webs ter a nd D av idson 1 967 ) .

A ppend ix 6

F igu re 5

F igure 5 :S iber t swo ld g rave 1 72 ( Sca le 1 : 1 . A f ter M . C ox ) .

F igu re 6

A pp end ix 6

E ar ly St h —E ar ly 6th

R henen V e rmand

M id 5t h —M id 6 4 la te 5 t h - Late

4

1 1

m id 6 t h

6 t h

•

7 t h

E ar ly

L a te 6t h —L a te 7t h

4 . 6

2

M id 7t h —M id 8t h

S h ie ld B o s se s 7

S p earheads E3 8 2

1

K 2

K 1

H 1

H3 C 3

( > )

A xe s

S word s

L i n ton H ea th

S ta to r F i oo

H o lbo tough

V

S eaxe s

F igure 6 :T ypo logy o f Ang lo -Saxon Weapons . ( A f ter H . Härke 1 992 ) .

F igu re 7

A ppend ix 6

a .

b .

C opper a l loy b uc lde w i th c l ub -shaped t ongue , a nd h ear t -shaped p la te . E ar ly 6t h c en tury . M i l l H i l l Ig r . 6 1 .

S i lver -p la ted s h ie ld -on tongue b uck le ,w i th s hoe -shaped r i ve ts . L a te 6 `1 c en tury . B uck land g r . 9 6a .

C.

4----

d .

C opper a l loy b uck le w i th t r iangu lar p la te . E ar ly 7t h c en tury . B uck•l and g r . 5 6 .

C opper a l loy b uck le w i th s h ie ld -on tongue . E ar ly 7f i c en tury? P o lh i l l g r . 2 8 .

F igure 7 : Ma jor B uck le T ype s f rom K ent . a .1 : 2 , r e s t 1 : 1 .

e .

I ron b uck le w i th d oub led r ec tangu lar p la te . L a te 7f i c en tury . P o lh i l l g r . 6 8 .

F igu re 8

Append ix 6

G Sma l l -Long B uck land g r . 1 3

R ad ia te -Headed

K en t ish S quare -Headed

M i l l H i l l Ig r . 2 5B

Mi l l H i l l Ig r . 7 1

S aucer B uck land g r . 4 8

D isc

B u t ton

M i l l H i l l Ig r . 1 05 B uck land g r . 4 8

R ose t te B uck land g r . 2 3

K en t ish D isc B uck land g r . 5 9

B ird

S -Brooch

M i l l H i I II g r . 6 1

M i l l H i l l g r . 2 5B

F igure 8 :S ome B rooch T ype s f r om K en t . A l l 1 : 1 .

F i gu re 9

A pp end ix 6

GROUP I

B if rons 1 5

H ow let ts

B i f rons 2 3

B i f rons

F aversham

M i l ton M i l ton

GROUP I

VAR IANT

G i l ton L ym inge I

H ow let ts

F igure 9 :C ruc if orm B rooche sf r om K en t .

A l l 1 :1 .

S a r re

Append ix 6

F igu re 1 0

Z .27

b i

Ci

at F i nt i cs l ia rn ,K en t

I le D own .S u s se x

UI E d en .D u 'h am

r a t ,r o ,d,G l nu rs

e i 5 a rr e K e r i t

d i IS TEMMED B EAKERS

1 C LAW- B EAKERS

Ta l o w ,s u ck s .

e ± 4r e p : = 3e

b i

F a v e rsham ,K e n t

a ll a ii F aversham . K ent K e r nos ten, B eds .

1 : 1

d 4

C B i f ron s, K en t

C a rs to r ,N o rf o lk

d9

H ow it tt s ,K tn t

eI M i lt o n -n ex t• 5 , l±nb o ur n e , K e nt

d i I s l ip . N o rt h ant s .

CONE -B EAKERS

aI iI F a v e rsham . K e nt

b A shr o rd ,K ent

b i F av e rsham , K e n t

R a inham,Ess ex . 1 1

M B AG -

DR INK ING HORNS

aZ S a r r e K ent /1 . 1 P OUCH BOTTLES

V

B EAKERS

ED

S QUAT JARS

B room f ie ld , E s s ex

I X B OTTLE

a ll C oombe ,K ent X . P AL M C UPS

a i4

S t. M a r t i ni n• t h e -F i e ld s . L ondon

b

F a v e rsham ,K e nt

I s l ip .N o rt han ts

C' , K ent

ih B O WLS

F igure 1 0 : Ang lo -Saxon G lass V e sse l T ype s ( . 5( 1 —7 t h c en tur ie s ) .

( Af t e rH a rden 1 956 )

c t i

, K en t

F oy e rs ham ,K en t

3 1

A l l 1 : 6 .

,

b i B ar f r is to n . K ent

aI VI

P et e I -hm -n r e. No rthants

B i f rons ,K ent

F-v, r s h

a eI U p church ,K ent

c i C ha lkw e l l ,K e n t b B a rr r ist on ,K en t

B ELL -B EAKERS

D o w n . s u s s e . b

F igure 1 : P roduc t ion S equence o fK ent i sh B rooche s .

A ppend ix 6

F igure 1 2a : Grave Goods i n Ken t ish P hase s 1 -V . ( Af ter P arf i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 a nd E v ison 1 987 ) .

I

Z -1

f = 7 :2

( z 1 Z3

4

F igu r e 1 2 a

Append ix 6

F igu re 1 2h

F ig 1 2b : G rave Goods i nK en t ish P hases V I -V I I . ( Af ter E v ison 1 987 ) .

V I

V II

Append ix 6

F igu re 1 2c

F ig 1 2c : G rave G oods i nK ent i sh P hase s V I I I IX . ( Af ter E v ison 1 987 ) .

V II I -

I

. -.- -,

I X

' I

M

I r f ) , ` J

C3

Append ix 6

F igu re 1 3

A

. o y

0 Roman B u i ld ing

0

5

1 0m

N F igure 1 3 : A y le sf ord I , E cc le s - S i te P lan .

F igu re 1 4

App end ix 6

Home s tead

C ows l ip Wood

. 0 "

q r d eAV

' A

\ an g arden o f F ence

\H omes tea _9 ) , . . -

1

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1 0m

Append ix 6

F igu re 1 5

F igure 1 5 : B roads ta ir s I ,B rads tow S choo l - S i te P lan .

F igu re 1 6

A pp end ix 6

6 ° Ü go o k %üo [ l t \O 0 2 , 1 3 i ° 1 ° 1 0 co ü o ' , ri° OP h , o u0 0

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F igure 1 6 : B roads ta ir s I I , S t . P e ter 's T ip - S i te P lan .

A ppend ix 6

F igu re 1 7

5 8m

8

09

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2

1 0

Con tou r

l i nes

n a tura l

c ha lk

Me tres

r e la te

t o

s ur face

r ' r ' _ J

F igure 1 7 : D aren th I ,D aren th P ark -S i te P lan .

App end ix 6

F igu re I

a

Cat . )

1 0

F igure 1 8 : D ea l 1 , Mi l l H i l l I -S i te P lan .

F igure 1 9 : D over I , B uck land -S i te P lan ( 1951 E xcava t ion ) . ( Af t e rE v i son 1 987 )

Append ix 6

F igure 2 0 : D over I , B uck land - S i te P lan ( 1951 a nd 1 994 E xcavat ions ) .

F igu re 2 0

Append ix 6

F igu re 2 1

3 6

P o lh i l l

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Append ix 6

4 23 F t .

QUARRY

A NGLO -SAXON C EMETERY

EDGE

A T F OLKESTONE , K ENT 1 907

OLD P IT

CHALK

50

N . L IM IT

OF

ROAD

CUT

7 1

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400 FT.

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400 FT

1 50 4 13 F T

400 0

FT.

10

2 0

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App end ix 6

F igu re 2 3

C Z )6 2 . e95

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F igure 2 3 : H or ton K irby I , R i se ley -S i te P lan .

3 0 in

C 392

c z )-n 0 5-i f

l 03

1 8 c z 163 d z e , c » 6 4 -

a o cz t z ) l b oc t l e

1 3

F igu re 2 4

Append ix 6

L YM INGE I

-1 rII

----1 t .1

L4

3 0

6 0 r c l3 L

_

6 4c? _ _—

F igure 2 4 : L ym inge I - S i te P lan .

c

6 1

F igu re 2 5

A ppend ix 6

2 1 C = 12 0 7 0 2 1 0 CZ ) 5 2 G 2 0 2 04 0

4 559

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F igure 2 5 : N or thbourne I ,F ing le sham -S i te P lan .

2 ?m

F igu re 2 6

Append ix 6

F igure 2 6 : O rp ing ton - S i te P lan .

F i gure 2 7 : R amsga te I V ,O zenge l l -S i te P lan .

,

9 :_ t o o t . 60

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l ' A •

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Append ix 6

CHALK

P IT

Ove rg rown

F igure 2 8 : S arre - S i te P l an .

• • ` ,

Append ix 6

F igu re 2 9

d o

= a

S l o 7 -•

Mt

•_,

3 0m

0

A L C

F igure 2 9 : S nod land I , Ho lborough - S i te P lan .

Append ix 6

F igu re 3 0

t , MA r JOR OF AD ISHAM.

1

4 , 5 2 3

24 25

0

0

0

R OAD F ROM 1 )

0 0 4 1 42 .

V V IN IG. IA N

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THE

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MA NO R.

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MAP O F

PA RT

OF AD ISMA M

1 30% %1 1 . MADE

B Y -r mr R EV . I .r A t issr .r t

I N

T I M

TLAT I 1 773 .

BARF R IS TO N PAR ISH.

- i7 .7 -1

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S I BERT S WOLD F AR ISH & DO W N.

. ° L 1 4. . -: - --- __ _-- -

A

----------

Ft i c -s im i le

o f as ke tch b y t he B ev . 1 . Em met t , s how ing t he s i tuat ion o ft i n . ' 1t u t tu l i o n S iber tswo ld a nd B ar fr iston 1 / owns . AAA . Tumu l i . B . H igh b ank . CC . T rench . D . Eythorn C ourt Wood . E . Long L ane . FE Road f r om S iber tswo ld t i B ad r isto t t , Non ing ton ,

e tc .

( . 1G . Road f r om Barham Do x vns t o Wa ldersha re , e t c . 111 . Road f r om S iber tswo ld t o S andw ich , Dea l , e t c . 1 . Upper Bur ia l -ground .

F igure 3 0 : S ke tch P lans o ft he c eme ter ie s a tB eke sbourne ( Ad isham D own ) a nd S iber t swo ld /Barf r is ton , b y B ryan F ausse t t .

F igu re 3 1

A pp end ix 6 GRAVE a )

STRUCTURAL

F EATURES .

I NTE GRAL

Sockets

S che ma tit

b )

I .

p lans

and

p rof ile

L edges he a d A

2

1

3

4

I

Sche matic GRAVE a )

STRUCTURAL

P ost -ho les

c ) R ing-d itches

p lans

F EATURES. b )

I I.

P enannular

d )

and

p rofile

EXTERNAL d itches

a / b )

s lots'

Y—

— YI y

s che matic s ec tions ( x 2 )

F igure 3 1 : I n tegra l( C la s sI )a nd E x terna l( C la s s I )g rave s t ruc tura l f e a ture s( a f ter H ogar th 1 973a ) .

Append ix 6

F igu re 3 2

G .44 G .48

1 3 2

1 2

G .58

3 1 -2

F igure 3 2 : Grave sw i th s t ruc tura l f e a ture s - Ozenge l l g rave s 4 4 , 4 8 , a nd 5 8 ( Draw ing s b y D . P erk ins ) .

A pp end ix 6

F igu re 3 3

G .37

G .60 G .56

B 17 B 14

N A

B I

. e 4

A 7 B 2

0. 2

a 4 oe * C

B 15 /

B 3

A 6 B 4

B 16

A 5

B 5

a 4

t ▪

1

B 6

B 7

A l

B 8 B 9

0 l i e

.

> 4 & Am

A l2 ,e , A l I B 19 B 13 A 10

A 2 A 3

B 10 A 8 B I I

B 18

G rave 3 8

F igure 3 3 : G rave s w i th c of f ins - O zenge l l g rave s3 7 , 5 6 , a nd 6 0 , M i l l H i l l g rave 3 8 ( Poss ib le b oa tp lank ing ) . ( Ozenge l l p l ans b yD . P erk in s , M i l lH i l l g r . 3 8 a f ter P arf i t ta nd B rugmann 1 997 ) .

Map 1 :G enera l L ocat ion .

E AST SAXONS

KENT 8 km 5m i les I s le o fS heppey

2 44

R ecu lver

2 4922

1

2 00

2 08

R oches ter

1 07

4 0

2 41

11 41‘ .

2 35

\ .

R ichborough

' N .

5

e C %t v , zs _

1 29

6 7

5 6

4 5

2 76

2 7

2 7

1 5 1 : 1 t, 5 3

4 11 1 .

T he Wea ld

m e dw a Y

" -

Wes terge

2 52 1

2 881 82

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4 '0

1 59

L ym inge

T he Wea ld K ENT • • •• • ,.

. "

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L ympne

C eme tery , b ur ia ls i te o rf i nd s po t T own o rS axon S hore F or t

A

MP»,

I s le o f Ozney

R oya l Manor ( 7a 18t h c en tur ie s )

SOUTH SAXONS

Map 2 :S i te s .

7 9

•

2 17

z

1 757 -1 773

4

a )2

CI V E;

g

CLASS 2.1

in Kent

CLASSES 2.2 - 2.1 O

-

Brooches of Avent's Class 2

$ � '5

ºº

o

CANTERBURY

Map 4: Brooches of Avent's Class 2 in Kent

.,;..

�

o ------•-----.

o

8km f Smiles

-

EAST KENT

A ppend ix 6

Map 5

0 ima m 0

T ert iary

d epos its

( London C lay/Thanet

Wea ld

Cha lk

Upper Gau lt

L ower G reensand B eds)

G reensand/

C lay

H ast ings

Map 5 :T he G eo logy o fK en t .

B eds

20k m 1 0m i les

Append ix 6

Map 6

I l. 1

, r 1 /

XI

' t

F oo th i l ls /R iver V a l leys

C har t land

N or th D owns

Wea ld

Ho lmesda le

Mar sh land

Map 6 :L andscape Z one s o f Ken t( Af ter E ver i t t 1 986 ) .

t n c u z U o C e / / / /

•

/

\

1 3

\ . \ ,

a s C D

\

,

i _ . _ . . _

C D . 0 i —

r f I \ I ft

•

Map 7 :E xcava ted Ang lo -Saxon S e t t lemen t S i te s i nK en t .

SOUTH SAXONS

T he Wea ld

( 1 )

E xcava ted d ome s t ic s e t t lemen ts i te

E AST S AXONS

•

�-]

8'4,.

Lympne

Map 8: Distribution of Anglo-Saxon barrows in Kent

Roman forts Cemetery or burial site with Anglo-Saxon barrows and/or ring ditches

,

-

Jt' :: ..

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V.,z

C

A B

C

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Find spot 600-700

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Roman forts

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Map 12: Sites, c. 600-700 (Phases V-VIII)

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Majar rivers Roman roads Roman towns

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Map 16: Sites with cremations

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