Studies in Byzantine Sigillography: Volume 10 9783110227055, 9783110227048

Table of contents :
Frontmatter
Contents
First part : Contributions to the Session of Sigillography of the XXIth Congress in London (August 2006)
La mise en place des thèmes d’après les sceaux : les stratèges
Victoria - Nike, on Early Byzantine Seals
Der Name Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos. Identifizierungsvorschläge anhand Sigillographischer Funde
Byzantine Lead Seals from The Village of Melnitsa (District of Elkhovo, Bulgaria), Part II
Sceaux des musées de Kayseri et de Nigde (Cappadoce byzantine)
Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel der Sammlung Konstantinos Kalantzis in Agrinion (Griechenland)
Second part : Notes of Sigillography
An unpublished Seal of The Patriarch of Constantinople and New Rome, Stephanos II (925—927)
Übernahm der Französische Normanne Hervé (Erbebios Phrangopolos) nach der Katastrophe von Mantzikert das Kommando über die verbliebene Ostarmee?
Un nouveau boullôtèrion découvert en Turquie
Seals published (2002-2006)
Catalogue of Auctions (2002-2006)
Backmatter

Citation preview

Studies in Byzantine Sigillography 10

Studies in Byzantine Sigillography

Founded by Nicolas Oikonomides Editorial Board Ivan Jordanov, Bulgaria John W. Nesbitt, USA Elena Stepanova, Russia Christos Stavrakos, Greece Alexandra-Kyriaki Wassiliou, Austria

De Gruyter

Studies in Byzantine Sigillography 10 Edited by Jean-Claude Cheynet and Claudia Sode

De Gruyter

Published with the assistance of the CNRS (UMR 8167), the “Institut universitaire de France” and the “Association Internationale des Études Byzantines”.

ISBN 978-3-11-022704-8 e-ISBN 978-3-11-022705-5 ISSN 1097-4806 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2010 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York Druck: AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, Kempten ∞ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com

CONTENTS Foreword .......................................................................................... Abbreviations ....................................................................................

VII IX

First part : Contributions to the Session of Sigillography of the XXIth Congress in London (August 2006) Jean - Claude Cheynet La mise en place des thèmes d’après les sceaux : les stratèges ....

1

Elena Stepanova Victoria - Nike, on Early Byzantine Seals ..................................

15

Alexandra - Kyriaki Wassiliou-Seibt Der Name Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos. Identifizierungsvorschläge anhand Sigillographischer Funde ...

25

Ivan Jordanov Byzantine Lead Seals from The Village of Melnitsa (District of Elkhovo, Bulgaria), Part II. ...............................................................

33

Sophie Métivier Sceaux des musées de Kayseri et de Nigde (Cappadoce byzantine) ...............................................................

61

Christos Stavrakos Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel der Sammlung Konstantinos Kalantzis in Agrinion (Griechenland) ........................................

75

Second part : Notes of Sigillography John W. Nesbitt An unpublished Seal of The Patriarch of Constantinople and New Rome, Stephanos II (925—927) ...........................................

85

Werner Seibt Übernahm der Französische Normanne Hervé (Erbebios Phrangopolos) nach der Katastrophe von Mantzikert das Kommando über die verbliebene Ostarmee? .............................

89

Jean - Claude Cheynet Un nouveau boullôtèrion découvert en Turquie .........................

97

Seals published (2002 - 2006) ..........................................................

99

Catalogue of Auctions (2002 - 2006) ................................................

155

Index of Proper Names and Terms ................................................... 197 Index of Iconography ....................................................................... 269

Foreword

This new volume of SBS containsthe papers read in London at the XXIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies during the session devoted to sigillography, on August 21st-26th 2006. Shorter articles were added on particularly interesting seals. The volume includes the usual sections to keep scholars up to date with bibliography and sales: scholarly articles and auctions are usually added to the volume published after the congress. We have decided not to include articles, which were published in books with indices (reprints and corpus). It concerns J. - Cl. Cheynet and I. Jordanov. The paper that V. Bulgakova read in London was not printed here because it was published in an Ukrainian periodical, in the meantime. In the scholarly articles, we mention the seals discovered during the very interesting dig of Sougdaia, although Bulgakova’s article appeared in 2008. For the most part, the list of auctions was written by A. K. Wassiliou - Seibt, while J. Nesbitt added some references. A. K. Wassiliou - Seibt, El. Stepanova, J. Nesbitt and J. - Cl. Cheynet contributed to draw the list of scholarly articles. V. Prigent , with some suggestions of W. Seibt, revised G. Manganaro’s article, which was difficult to read for non specialists. Al. Sopracasa worked on V. Bulgakova’s article and on the indices.

ABBreviations AAA:  Ἀrcaiologika; Ἀnavlekta ejx Ἀqhnῶn ADSV:  Antihnaja drevnost i srednie veka (Ekaterinbourg) ANS: American Numismatic Society, New York Ἀrc. Delt.:  Ἀrcaiologiko;n Deltivon Ἀrc. Ἐf.:  Ἀrcaiologikh; Ἐfhmeriv" BAR:  British Archaeological Reports Barzos, Komnenoi:  K. Barzos, Ἡ genealogiva tῶn Komnhnῶn I - II (Thessalonica, 1984) BCH:  Bulletin de correspondance hellénique Bibicou, Douanes: H. Antoniadis - Bibicou, Recherches sur les douanes à Byzance : l’octava, le “kommerkion” et les commerciaires (Paris, 1963) Birch:  W. de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum (London, 1898) BnF:  Bibliothèque nationale de France BSA:  The Annual of the British School at Athens BSFN:  Bulletin de la Société française de numismatique ByzSl:  Byzantinoslavica BZ:  Byzantinische Zeitschrift Cheynet, Antioche:  J. - CI. Cheynet, “Sceaux byzantins des musées d’Antioche et de Tarse,” TM 12 (1994) 391 - 478, XVI pl. Cheynet, Pouvoir:  J. - CI. Cheynet, Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963 - 1210) (Paris, 1990) Cheynet, Société: J. - Cl. Cheynet, La société byzantine : l’apport des sceaux (Paris, 2008) Cheynet, Zacos: J. - Cl. Cheynet, Sceaux de la collection Zacos (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) se rapportant aux provinces orientales de l’Empire byzantin (Paris, 2001) Cheynet - Vannier:  J. - CI. Cheynet et J. - F. Vannier, Études prosopographiques (Paris, 1986) Choniates:  Nicetae Choniatae Historia, ed. I. van Dieten (Berlin - New York, 1975) Corinth XII: Gladys R. Davidson, The Minor Objects [Corinth XII] (Princeton, 1952) CRAI:  Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles - Lettres

abbreviations

Darrouzès, Notitiae:  J. Darrouzès, Notitiae episcopatuum ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae (Paris, 1981) Darrouzès, Offikia:  J. Darrouzès, Recherches sur les ojffivkia de l’Église byzantine (Paris, 1970) Dated Seals:  N. Oikonomides, A Collection of Dated Byzantine Lead Seals (Washington, D.C., 1986) De adm. imp :  Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio, ed. Gy. Moravcsik, tr. R. J. H. Jenkins, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C., 1967) DO: Dumbarton Oaks DOP:  Dumbarton Oaks Papers DOSeals:  Catalogue of the Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, 1 - 3, ed. J. W. Nesbitt and N. Oikonomides (Washington, D.C., 1991, 1994, 1996); 4 - 5, ed. E. McGeer, J. W. Nesbitt and N. Oikonomides (Washington, D.C., 2001, 2005); 6, ed. J. W. Nesbitt with C. Morrisson (Washington, D.C., 2009) DAE:  Deltivon th'" Cristianikh'" Ἀrcaiologikh'" ÔEtaireiva" Dunn, Handlist: A. W. Dunn, A Handlist of the Byzantine Lead Seals and Tokens (and of Western and Islamic Seals) in the Barber Institute of Fine Arts, Birmingham (Birmingham, 1983) Ébersolt, Sceaux:  J. Ébersolt, “Sceaux byzantins du Musée de Constantinople,” RN, 4th ser., 18 (1914) 207 - 243, 377 - 409 EEBS:  ∆Epethri;" ÔEtaireiva" Buzantinw'n Spoudw'n Ἑll. Filol. Suvll.:  ÔO ejn Kwnstantinoupovlei Ἑllhniko;" Filologiko;" Suvllogo" ÉO:  Échos d’Orient Grierson, Catalogue: P. Grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, II, 1 - 2; III, 1 - 2 ; V, 1 - 2 (Washington, D.C., 1968, 1973, 1999) Grierson, Coins: P. Grierson, Byzantine Coins (London - Berkeley -  Los Angeles, 1982) Guilland, Recherches: R. Guilland, Recherches sur les institutions byzantines I - II (Berlin - Amsterdam, 1967) IFEB: Institut Français d’Études Byzantines Iviron I - IV:  Actes d’Iviron I - IV, ed. J. Lefort, N. Oikonomides, D. Papachryssanthou, V. Kravari, H. Métrévéli (Paris, 1985, 1990, 1994, 1995) IzvestijaRAIK:  Izvestija Russkago Arheologičeskago Instituta v Konstantinopole Janin, CPbyz.: R. Janin, Constantinople byzantine : développement urbain et répertoire topographique, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1964) Janin, Églises: R. Janin, La géographie ecclésiastique de l’Empire byzantin, I: Le siège de Constantinople et le patriarcat œcuménique, III: X

abbreviations

Les églises et les monastères, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1969) Janin, Grands centres: R. Janin, La géographie ecclésiastique de l’Empire byzantin, II: Les églises et les monastères des grands centres byzantins (Paris, 1975) JIAN:  Journal international d’archéologie numismatique JÖB:  Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik (formerly Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinischen Gesellschaft) Jordanov, Corpus I, II: I. Jordanov, Corpus of Byzantine Seals from Bulgaria, Vol. I, Byzantine Seals with Geographical Names (Sofia, 2003), Vol. II, Byzantine Seals with Family Names (Sofia, 2006) Jordanov, Develt: I. Jordanov, Pečatite na komerkiarijata Develt (Sofia, 1992) Jordanov, Develt – Addenda: I. Jordanov, “Pečatite na komerkiarijata Develt – Addenda et corrigenda,” Acta Musei Varnaensis 2 (2004) Jordanov, Preslav: I. Jordanov, Pečatite ot strategijata v Preslav (Sofia, 1993) Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen: I. Jordanov – Zh. Zhekova, Catalogue of Medieval Seals at the Regional Historical Museum of Shumen (Shumen, 2007) Každan, Armjane:  A. P. Každan, Armjane v sostave gospodstvujuščego klassa vizantijskoj imperii v XI - XII vv. (Erevan, 1975) Koltstida - Makre, Molubdovboulla: I. Koltsida - Makre, Buzantinav molubdovboulla sulloghv" Orfanivdh - Nikolai?dh Nomismatikouv Mouseivou Aqhnwvn (Athens, 1996) Konstantopoulos:  K. M. Konstantopoulos, Buzantiaka; molubdovboulla tou' ejn ∆Aqhvnai" ∆Eqnikou' Nomismatikou' Mouseivou (Athens, 1917; reprinted from JIAN 5 [1902] - 10 [1907]) Konstantopoulos, Stamoules:  K. M. Konstantopoulos, Buzantiaka; molubdovboulla. ÔH sullogh ; Ἀnastasivou K. P. Stamouvlh (Athens, 1930) Laurent, Bulles métriques:  V. Laurent, Les bulles métriques dans la sigillographie byzantine (Athens, 1932; offprint from Hellenika 4 [1931] - 8 [1935]) Laurent, Corpus:  V. Laurent, Le Corpus des sceaux de l’Empire byzantin, V, 1 - 3, L’église (Paris, 1963 - 1972); II, L’administration centrale (Paris, 1981) Laurent, Orghidan:  V. Laurent, La Collection C. Orghidan (Paris, 1952) Laurent, Vatican:  V. Laurent, Les sceaux byzantins du Médaillier Vatican (Vatican, 1962) Lavra I - IV:  Actes de Lavra I - IV, ed. P. Lemerle, A. Guillou, N. Svoronos, D. Papachryssanthou (Paris, 1970, 1977, 1979, 1982) XI

abbreviations

LCI: Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie Lemerle, Cinq études: P. Lemerle, Cinq études sur le XIe siècle byzantin (Paris, 1977) Lihačev, Datirovannye:  N. P. Lihačev, “Datirovannye vizantijskie pečati,” Izvestija Rossijskoj Akademii Istorii Material’noj Kul’tury 3 (1924) 152 - 224 Lihačev, IZIGI:  N. P. Lihačev, Istoričeskoe značenie italo-grečeskoj ikonopisi: Izobraženija Bogomateri v proizvedenijah italo-grečeskih ikonopiscev i ih vlijanie na kompozicii nekotoryh proslavlennyh russkih ikon (St. Petersburg, 1911) Lihačev, Molivdovuly:  N. P. Lihačev, Molivdovuly grečeskogo Vostoka, ed. V. S. Šandrovskaja (Naučnoe nasledstvo, 19) (Moscow, 1991) MAIET:  Materialy po Arheologii, Istorii i Etnografii Tavriki (Simferopol) Morrisson, Catalogue:  C. Morrisson, Catalogue des monnaies byzantines de la Bibliothèque Nationale I - II (Paris, 1970) Morrisson - Seibt:  C. Morrisson and W. Seibt, “Sceaux de commerciaires byzantins du viie siècle trouvés à Carthage,” RN, 6th ser., 24 (1982) 222 - 241 NC:  The Numismatic Chronicle NCirc:  The Numismatic Circular NE:  Nevo" ÔEllhnomnhvmwn ODB:  Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Oikonomidès, Évolution:  N. Oikonomidès, “L’évolution de l’organisation administrative de l’empire byzantin au xie s. (1025 - 1118),” TM 6 (1979) 126 - 152 Oikonomides, Kommerkiarioi:  N. Oikonomides, “Silk Trade and Production in Byzantium from the Sixth to the Ninth Century: The Seals of Kommerkiarioi,” DOP 40 (1986) 33 - 53 Oikonomidès, Listes:  N. Oikonomidès, Les listes de préséance byzantines des ixe et xe siècles (Paris, 1972) Pančenko, Katalog:  B. A. Pančenko, Katalog molivdovulov (Sofia, 1908; reprinted from Izvestija RAIK 1903, 1904, 1908) PLP:  Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit (Vienna, 1976 - 1996) PmbZ:  Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt von R. - J. Lilie, Cl. Ludwig, Th. Pratsch, Il. Rochow unter Mitarbeit von W. Brandes, J. R. Martindale, B. Zielke (Berlin - New York, 1998ff) Polemis, Doukai: D. Polemis, The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography (London, 1968) PLRE:  The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, ed. A. H. XII

abbreviations

M. Jones, J. R. Martindale, J. Morris (Cambridge, 1971), vol. 2, ed. J. R. Martindale (Cambridge, 1980) RE: Pauly - Wissowa - Kroll - Mittelhaus, Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft REB:  Revue des études byzantines REG:  Revue des études grecques Regesten:  F. Dölger, Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des oströmischen Reiches I - IV (Munich, 1924 - 1960); fasc. Il and III, new edition by P. Wirth (Munich, 1995 and 1977); fasc. V, by F. Dölger and P. Wirth (Munich - Berlin, 1965) Regestes:  Les regestes des actes du patriarcat de Constantinople, I, by V. Grumel, new edition by J. Darrouzès (Paris, 1972); II - III, by V. Grumel, new edition by J. Darrouzès (Paris, 1989); IV, by V. Laurent (Paris, 1971); V - VII, by J. Darrouzès (Paris, 1977, 1979, 1991) RESEE:  Revue des études sud-est européennes RN:  Revue numismatique Šandrovskaja, Sfragistika:  Iskusstvo Vizantii v sobranijah SSSR (Katalog vystavki) (Moscow, 1977), I - III, section “Sfragistika” by V. Šandrovskaja Šandrovskaja - Seibt :  V. S. Šandrovskaja – W. Seibt, Byzantinische Bleisiegel der Staatlichen Ermitage mit Familiennamen, 1. Teil, Sammlung Lichačev – Namen von A bis I (Vienna, 2005). Sathas, MB:  K. N. Sathas, Mesaiwnikh; Biblioqhvkh I - VII (Athens Venice - Paris, 1872 - 1894) SBS:  Studies in Byzantine Sigillography (Washington, D.C., 1987ff) Schlumberger, Sig.: G. Schlumberger, Sigillographie de l’Empire byzantin (Paris, 1884) Schlumberger, Mélanges: G. Schlumberger, Mélanges d’archéologie byzantine (Paris, 1895) SCIV:  Studii şi Cercetări de Istorie Veche [şi Arheologie] SCN:  Studii şi Cercetări de Numismatică Seibt, Bleisiegel:  W. Seibt, Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel in Österreich, I. Teil, Kaiserhof (Vienna, 1978) Seibt, “Die Darstellung der Theotokos”:  W. Seibt, “Die Darstellung der Theotokos auf byzantinischen Bleisiegeln, besonders im 11. Jahrhundert,” SBS 1 (1987) 35 - 56 Seibt, Skleroi:  W. Seibt, Die Skleroi: Eine prosopographischsigillographische Studie (Vienna, 1976) Seibt - Zarnitz:  W. Seibt - M. L. Zarnitz, Das byzantinische Bleisiegel als Kunswerk. Katalog zur Ausstellung (Vienna, 1997) XIII

abbreviations

Seyrig:  J. - CI. Cheynet, C. Morrisson, and W. Seibt, Les sceaux byzantins de la collection Henri Seyrig (Paris, 1991) Skoulatos, Personnages:  B. Skoulatos, Les personnages byzantins de l’Alexiade : analyse prosopographique et synthèse (Louvain, 1980) Skylitzes:  loannis Scylitzae, Synopsis historiarum, ed. I. Thurn (BerlinNew York, 1973) Sode, Bleisiegel:  C. Sode, Byzantinische Bleisiegel in Berlin II (Bonn, 1997) Sokolova, Monety:  I. V. Sokolova, Monety i pečati vizantijskogo Hersona (Leningrad, 1983) Speck, Bleisiegel:  Byzantinische Bleisiegel in Berlin (West), ed. P. Speck et al., with special collaboration of J. Nesbitt (Bonn, 1986) Szemioth - Wasilewski:  A. Szemioth and T. Wasilewski, “Sceaux byzantins du Musée National de Varsovie,” Studia Zródłoznawcze, Commentationes 11 (1966) 1 - 38; 14 (1969) 63 - 89 Stavrakos, Bleisiegel:  C. Stavrakos, Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel mit Familiennamen aus der Sammlung des Numismatischen Museums Athen (Wiesbaden, 2002) Tafel - Thomas:  G. L. F. Tafel und G. M. Thomas, Urkunden zur älteren Handels- und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig I - III (Vienna, 1856 - 1857) “The Usual Lead Seal”: N. Oikonomides, “The Usual Lead Seal,” DOP 37 (1983) 147 - 157 TIB:  Tabula Imperii Byzantini (Vienna, 1976ff) TM:  Travaux et mémoires Viz. Vrem.:  Vizantijskij Vremennik Wassiliou - Seibt, Bleisiegel II :  Al.-K. Wassiliou - W. Seibt, Die Bleisiegel in Österreich, 2.Teil. Zentral - und Provinzialverwaltung (Vienna, 2004) Zacos, Seals II:  G. Zacos, Byzantine Lead Seals II (Bern, 1984) Zacos - Veglery:  G. Zacos and A. Veglery, Byzantine Lead Seals I (Basel, 1972) Zbor. Rad.:  Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta Zepos, Jus:  I. and P. Zepos, Jus Graecoromanum I - VIII (Athens, 1931)

XIV

Jean - Claude Cheynet LA MISE EN PLACE DES THÈMES D’APRÈS LES SCEAUX : LES STRATÈGES

La mise en place des thèmes à Byzance a fait l’objet de nombreuses études contradictoires,1 même si désormais l’accord se fait parmi les savants, à peu d’exceptions près, pour reconnaître qu’Héraclius n’a pas entrepris de réforme radicale, mais que les futurs thèmes ont été progressivement mis en place, lorsque l’armée de campagne a été établie sur le territoire conservé par l’Empire pour lutter contre ses adversaires, au premier rang desquels les Arabes. Constantin Zuckerman a récemment rappelé que le mot thème n’apparaît pas les sources avant le IXe siècle, si l’on excepte Théophane pour lequel l’emploi du nom est sans doute un anachronisme. Il remarque que les savants actuels l’utilisent sans état d’âme pour tous les commandements créés dès la fin du VIIe siècle. Par ailleurs, il souligne que les structures de l’Antiquité tardive sont restées stables plus longtemps qu’on ne l’a cru.2 Les sceaux datant des VIIe - IXe siècles sont relativement abondants, même si leurs légendes ne sont pas toujours développées et si leur datation précise n’est pas toujours acquise. Cependant, en dépit de ces réserves, ils offrent des informations complémentaires par rapport aux sources narratives, d’autant qu’ils constituent d’authentiques documents officiels. Ce matériel doit donc être pris en compte. Une des façons de procéder consiste à déterminer la chronologie de l’apparition des thèmes et celle des fonctionnaires provinciaux rattachés à ces nouvelles circonscriptions. Cette contribution se limitera au cas des officiers supérieurs du thème, stratège, tourmarque. Ultérieurement, cette étude devrait être élargie à la mise en place de l’ensemble de l’administration thématique. 1 La bibliographie est immense. Voir en dernier lieu, la controverse qui a opposé I. Shahîd, qui soutient que les modifications apportées par Héraclius en Syrie et en Palestine après la reconquête sur les Perses font partie de la réforme des thèmes, et J. Haldon qui considère que, si réformes il y eut, elles prirent place dans l’ancien cadre administratif : I. Shahîd, « Heraclius and the Unfinished Themes of Oriens. Some Final Observations, » Byzantion 64 (1994) 352-376 ; Idem, « The Thematization of Oriens. Final Observations,  » Byzantion 72 (2002) 192-249 ; J. Haldon, « Seventh-Century Continuities : the Ajnád and the “Thematic Myth”, » Av. Cameron (ed.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, III, States, Resources and Armies (Princeton NJ, 1995), 379-423. 2 C. Zuckerman, «  Learning from the Enemy and More : Studies in “Dark Centuries” Byzantium, » Millennium 2 (2005) 79-135. 1

Jean - Claude Cheynet

Chacun sait que l’installation des unités militaires rapatriées d’Orient ou sauvegardées dans les provinces ayant échappé à l’occupation arabe s’est accomplie dans le cadre de l’administration protobyzantine. Les corps d’armée ont d’abord été placés dans des groupes de provinces, dirigées par des gouverneurs qui, dans les sources, sont mentionnés avec le titre d’archonte. Or les archontes de quelques provinces sont encore classés dans le taktikon Uspenski qu’on s’accorde à dater de 842/843.3 De même les derniers préfets de Thessalonique, sans doute descendants directs des préfets de l’Illyricum, ont frappé des sceaux dans la première moitié du IXe siècle.4 On est donc tenté de conclure que la mise en place de l’administration des thèmes serait achevée vers le milieu du IXe siècle, justifiant la « réforme de deux siècles », évoquée par R. J. Lilie,5 d’autant plus que les sceaux de protonotaires de thèmes, les chefs de l’administration civile, apparaissent au cours de la première moitié du IXe siècle.6 Cependant le fonctionnaire destiné à terme à prendre la tête de l’administration du thème, le juge, n’apparaît sur les sceaux qu’au Xe siècle, alors que tous les historiens admettent que l’Empire est bien divisé en thèmes depuis longtemps.7 Sans doute Léon VI dans ses Taktika rappelle-t-il que le responsable de la justice, le dikastès, le kritès des sceaux, est placé sous l’autorité des stratèges,8 mais ce n’est qu’au cours du Xe siècle que les juges acquièrent de l’autorité au point de provoquer les plaintes des généraux sur leurs abus de pouvoir à l’égard des soldats.9 L’achèvement de la mise en place des thèmes est dès lors difficile à dater. Sur quels critères peut-on déterminer l’existence du thème comme structure administrative ? Il me semble que deux points doivent être pris en compte : premièrement le nom de la circonscription potentielle est-il

3 4

Oikonomidès, Listes, 53, 55, 57, 59. A. Konstantakopoulou, «  L’éparque de Thessalonique  : Les origines d’une institution administrative (VIIIe-IXe siècles), » Communications grecques présentées au Ve congrès international des études du sud-est européen (Athènes, 1985), 157-162. 5 R. J. Lilie, « Araber und Themen. Zum Einfluss der arabischen Expansion auf die byzantinische Militärorganisation,  » Av. Cameron (ed.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East. III, States, Resources and Armies (Princeton NJ, 1995), 425-449. 6 Le sceau d’Anastase, candidat et protonotaire du stratège des Thracésiens, daté par ses éditeurs du VIIIe siècle (DOSeals 3.2.35), semble démentir cette affirmation, mais la dignité de candidat pour un simple protonotaire serait élevée à cette date et les critères épigraphiques conduiraient aussi à reporter la datation à la toute fin du VIIIe siècle ou au début du IXe siècle. 7 V. N. Vlysidou, « Quelques remarques sur l’apparition des juges : première moitié du Xe siècle, » Byzantine Asia Minor (6th-12th) (Athènes, 1998), 59-66. 8 Leonis imperatoris Taktika, I, éd R. Vári (Budapest, 1917), IV 33, 62. 9 G. Dagron - H. Mihăescu, Le traité sur la guérilla de l’empereur Nicéphore Phocas (Le monde byzantin) (Paris, 1986), 109-111. 2

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celui d’un groupe de soldats ou a-t-il un caractère géographique ?10 En second point, trouve-t-on des fonctionnaires liés à une circonscription territoriale qui a un nom de thème ? Un second point préalable est de définir ce qu’est une réforme à Byzance. Il faut éviter de fonder ses raisonnements sur l’image de l’administration que proposent les taktika, qui ne sont pas conservés avant le milieu du IXe siècle, à supposer qu’il en fût rédigé antérieurement. Ces derniers suggèrent une organisation extrêmement rationnelle avec des règles valides pour toutes les provinces de l’Empire. En réalité, les empereurs réagirent souvent aux circonstances spécifiques qui impliquaient une intervention dans une région limitée.11 La création d’une circonscription militaire en Sicile ou la division par Constantin V des grandes unités militaires anatoliennes après l’échec de la révolte d’Artavasde en sont de bonnes illustrations. Cependant supposer qu’aucune réforme concernant l’ensemble de l’Empire n’ait jamais pris place serait également erroné. Les diverses réformes qui ont touché les commerciaires ont été décrites par N. Oikonomidès.12 Elles s’étendaient à tout l’Empire et prenaient effet très rapidement, sans doute dans l’année qui suivait la décision impériale. Cette efficacité s’explique parce que la nomination des commerciaires était très centralisée. Même dans ce cas limite, la sigillographie montre que certains sceaux de commerciaires parfaitement contemporains échappaient au modèle dominant.13 Notons au passage un sceau qui, s’il n’informe pas sur la date de création des thèmes, offre un lien qui semble clair entre les commerciaires et l’armée, celui, daté de 717/718, année du siège de Constantinople par les Arabes, des commerciaires de l’entrepôt de Colonée et de toutes les provinces de l’Arméniaque bien aimé du Christ.14 La formulation « philochriston », rarement employée pour les Arméniaques et

10 Même ce dernier point est difficile à déterminer, car des tourmes portent encore tardivement le nom d’unités militaires alors qu’il s’agit bien d’une circonscription géographique. La tourme des Victores, qui dépendait du thème des Thracésiens, est encore attestée au Xe siècle [J. Haldon, « Theory and Practise in Tenth-Century Military Administration. Chapters II, 44 and 45 of the Book of Ceremonies », TM 13 (2000) 217 ; Wassiliou - Seibt, Bleisiegel II, no 343 pour les sceaux connus]. 11 Pour une époque postérieure, voir la mise en place de l’administration byzantine dans les territoires orientaux reconquis sur les souverains musulmans [C. Holmes, Basil II and the Governance of Empire (976–1025) (Oxford Studies in Byzantium) (Oxford, 2005), 299-391]. 12 N. Oikonomides, « Silk Trade and Production in Byzantium from the Sixth to the Ninth Century: The Seals of Kommerkiarioi, » DOP 40 (1986) 33-53. 13 À titre d’exemple, la Sicile est connue par l’émission d’une bulle émise par le bureau même des douanes (DOSeals 1.5.2 ; Wassiliou - Seibt, Bleisiegel II, no 168) alors qu’il existait une apothèque de Sicile. o 14 Zacos -Veglery, n  222 avec les corrections de W. Seibt [ByzSl. 36 (1975), 209] ; DOSeals 4.22.27.

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plutôt réservée à l’Opsikion, conduit à penser que la bulle fait référence non au territoire des Arméniaques comme le suggérerait le neutre, mais comme C. Zuckerman l’a noté, au corps de troupe. Ce sceau semble témoigner que les commerciaires avaient une responsabilité spécifique dans les provinces où étaient stationnés les Arméniaques. Peu de points de repères permettent de comprendre concrètement la mise en place des thèmes. La jussio de Justinien II, en 687, si souvent commentée, en est un des principaux.15 Ce texte montre clairement que les unités militaires sont encore principalement les unités traditionnelles de l’époque protobyzantine. Cependant la jussio ne fournit pas une liste figée dans l’archaïsme puisqu’elle tient compte de la situation contemporaine, c’est-à-dire du déclassement de l’Afrique et de la création des Karavisianoi. Comme rien n’indique que les Karavisianoi aient disposé d’une base territoriale, on ne peut pas non plus conclure que les autres formations citées soient déjà l’amorce des futurs thèmes. Un indice suggère que le thème administratif n’est pas en place vers cette époque, puisque les exarchats n’évoluèrent pas en thèmes, car ils disparurent trop tôt, celui de l’Afrique avant 700 après la chute définitive de Carthage en 698, et celui de Ravenne après l’occupation de la ville par les Lombards en 751. Mais la zone contrôlée par les Byzantins était depuis longtemps si réduite qu’elle n’aurait pu constituer un thème. À l’inverse, il faut noter que la liste de 687 est rendue obsolète par la création de nouvelles unités administratives, la Sicile et peu après l’Hellade et le Péloponnèse. Constantin Zuckerman a noté en particulier que l’emploi du mot thème ne se retrouve pas sur les sceaux, source dont le caractère officiel est assuré. Effectivement ce mot ne se trouve, à ma connaissance, sur aucun plomb qu’on puisse dater du VIIIe siècle, mais il faut noter qu’il est ensuite très rare, dans la mesure où il y a au plus quelques dizaines de mentions sur les 70 000 sceaux connus, dont une bonne part est due à l’existence des arménika thémata au XIe siècle. De plus, l’absence du mot thème ne signifie pas qu’il y ait maintien des structures antérieures de l’époque proto-byzantine et que la territorialisation des thèmes ne soit pas engagée plus tôt. Cette question est rendue délicate puisque dès le milieu du VIIe siècle, il y a un lien territorial entre les corps d’armée et les provinces qui les accueillent, puisque les armées défendent ces provinces et surtout en reçoivent l’essentiel des ressources qui permettent leur entretien. C. Zuckerman a relevé judicieusement que quelques sceaux mentionnent une stratégie et que ce n’est pas le mot thème qui est usité. Un des moyens de déterminer la nature des circonscriptions qui vont devenir les thèmes entre la jussio de 687 et le taktikon Uspenskij qui sont nos

15 Acta conciliorum æcumenicorum, ser. II, II, 2 éd. R. Riedinger (Berlin 1992), 886.

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deux seuls documents à caractère officiel est d’observer l’organisation des commandements créés après que les cinq premiers eurent été établis, à savoir ceux de Thrace, de l’Hellade, de la Sicile, des Cibyrrhéotes, des Thracésiens, des Bucellaires, de Macédoine, de Céphalonie, du Péloponnèse, Thessalonique, Crète, Mer Égée et tout particulièrement deux commandements qui ne font pas référence à un nom de lieu, les Karavisianoi et les Thrakèsianoi. Les Karavisianoi sont rarement attestés dans les sources narratives et les quelques sceaux qui les mentionnent ne peuvent pas être datés avec une très grande précision. On connaît plusieurs stratèges : Théophile, patrice, qui accueillit le pape Constantin dans une île de l’Égée (Kéa ?) en 710 ou 711,16 Adrien, spathaire impérial,17 N., spathaire impérial,18 N., patrice (première moitié du viiie s.),19 Apélatès, protospathaire impérial, patrice (seconde moitié du viiie siècle),20 et un ek prosôpou, Théodote, spathaire.21 Les Karavisianoi étaient, comme leur nom l’indique, des marins recrutés dans les régions à tradition maritime, mais leur stratège a sans doute autorité sur un corps d’armée et non sur une circonscription déterminée. Ils constituèrent la première flotte de combat opérationnelle contre les Arabes. H. Ahrweiler dans son ouvrage sur Byzance et la mer a mis en relation la formation, puis la suppression de ce type de troupes avec les sièges de Constantinople par les Arabes. Il aurait été créé après le premier siège, pour tenter d’interdire aux flottes arabes une nouvelle possibilité de parvenir jusqu’aux rives du Bosphore, et supprimé après le second siège, ayant fait preuve de son inefficacité.22 En fait, il est difficile de déterminer le moment de la création de cette flotte, mais il est assuré par le témoignage des sceaux que la flotte est restée active après 750. Leur progressive disparition au cours de la fin du VIIIe siècle montre que l’évolution d’un corps de troupes vers une circonscription territoriale n’était pas inéluctable. La raison en est probablement que la zone de recrutement des marins n’était pas confinée à une région précise, mais s’étendait à toutes les provinces côtières où vivait une population à tradition maritime.

16 PBE (Théophilos 21). o 17 Zacos -Veglery, n  1981. o 18 Zacos -Veglery, n  2656. 19 DOSeals 2.58.1. Les éditeurs

datent le plomb du tournant du VIIe s., entre 675 et 725. Je préfère le décaler d’un quart de siècle plus tard. 20 Lihačev, Molivdovuly, 144-145, pl. LXVII, 6. Pour la datation, voir Wassiliou - Seibt, Bleisiegel II, 310. o 21 Zacos -Veglery, n  2488A. Une pièce parallèle a été éditée depuis (KoltsidaMakrè, Molubdovboulla, no 82). À noter la formule eij" Karabhsiavnou". 22 H. Ahrweiler, Byzance et la mer. La marine de guerre, la politique et les institutions maritimes de Byzance aux VIIe - XVe siècles (Paris, 1966), 22-31. 5

Jean - Claude Cheynet

Les Thrakèsianoi, comme l’a bien noté N. Oikonomidès, ne sont pas identiques aux soldats des Thracésiens. Ce sont effectivement des soldats qui ont été probablement recrutés dans la région de Thrace mais qui, comme l’Opsikion, formaient un corps d’élite qui accompagnait l’empereur sans qu’ils aient un lien avec le futur thème des Thracésiens, puisque des sceaux des Thracésiens sont mentionnés avant que les Thrakèsianoi aient disparu. Les Thrakèsianoi sont connus par quelques sceaux. Quatre concernent leur stratège : N, protospathaire (première moitié du VIIIe siècle),23 Arsavir, patrice (VIIIe siècle),24 N., patrice (VIIIe siècle),25 N., protospathaire (fin du VIIIe/début du IXe siècle)26. Cette dernière bulle un stratège des Thrakèsianoi est la plus tardive qui nous soit parvenue :

Peut-être un chartulaire, Sisinnios (milieu VIIIe siècle)27.. Et enfin un protonotaire (IXe siècle).28 Tous les sceaux, sauf le dernier, sont du viiie siècle. Or le protonotaire était actif à la fin du ixe siècle, ce qui suggère que le corps de troupe existait encore, distinct des troupes de Thrace ou des Thracésiens, et qu’il était doté d’un protonotaire chargé de son équipement et de son ravitaillement. Les sources non sigillographiques offrent quelques points de repère sur la date de la création du thème de Thrace qui protégeait les abords

23 Zacos -Veglery, n  2623. 24 DOSeals 3.1.2 En raison o

de la formule, ÔAgiva Triav", oJ Qeo;" hJmw'n, on peut même rétrécir la fourchette de datation à la première moitié du siècle et probablement dater la bulle des décennies qui précèdent l’iconoclasme. Le décor à la croisette accostée de fleurons confirme cette date. o 25 Zacos -Veglery, n  2615A. 26 Sceau inédit Zacos (BnF) 2635 (Dia. 29). Le début de la légende est hors champ. Ce stratège pourrait être spathaire autant que protospathaire, toutefois les sceaux des stratèges des Thrakèsianoi ne font pas mention de dignités inférieures à celle de protospathaire. o 27 Jordanov, Corpus I, n 35.12. L’éditeur a lu la fin de la légende TVNYRA|KIS_D, mais W. Seibt dans son compte rendu [BZ 98 (2005) 132] propose de corriger en TVNYRA|KISIA. Le sceau est datable du milieu du viiie siècle. 28 DOSeals 3.1.1. 6

LA MISE EN PLACE DES THÈMES D’APRÈS LES SCEAUX : LES STRATÈGES

européens de la capitale.29 En 680/681 Théodore apo hypatôn, patrice, comte de l’Opsikion et hypostratège de Thrace se trouvait parmi les laïcs qui assistaient au concile.30 En 742/743, Nicéphore, stratège de Thrace, fut convoqué à Constantinople pour soutenir Artavasde proclamé empereur dans la capitale.31 La défense de la Sicile, face à une menace arabe de plus en plus pressante depuis que l’Afrique était sur le point de tomber, fut réorganisée après 687 et avant le règne de Tibère - Apsimar (698 - 705).32 Deux sceaux peuvent être attribués avec vraisemblance au premier stratège de l’île, Salventios, titré patrice. Sur son sceau de stratège il ne précise pas le lieu où il exerce sa fonction. Mais dès la nomination de Théophylacte, eunuque venu de la capitale sous Tibère-Apsimar, la mention de la Sicile est attestée sur ses sceaux. En revanche, ses successeurs, Théodore et Serge, l’omettent à nouveau et il faut attendre Paul, sous Léon III, pour retrouver cette mention.33 Il n’en reste pas moins vrai que la précision géographique est ici très précoce, mais ce commandement ou cette circonscription était une création qui ne dépendait pas de l’existence d’un magister militum antérieur. Le statut de la Sicile fut différent de celui du reste de l’Italie, dès sa reconquête sous Justinien. On peut sans doute tirer la même conclusion pour l’autre commandement très précocement créé pour lutter contre les Slaves, celui de l’Hellade. Il faut aussi remarquer les changements dans le formulaire des sceaux de commerciaires. Il ne sera pas question ici des changements qui ont permis à N. Oikonomidès de fournir une série d’hypothèses sur l’organisation de cette institution, mais des noms géographiques qui apparaissent sur les sceaux. En observant les listes dressées par G. Zacos, A. Veglery et W.  Brandes, on constate que l’emploi du nom des provinces traditionnelles se poursuit jusqu’au règne de Léon III et que, ensuite, à part une exception

29 R. - J. Lilie, « “ Thrakien ” und “ Thrakesion ” », JÖB 26 (1977) 7-47. La date de création du thème des Thracésiens reste discutée, cf. B. Vlysidou, E. KountouraGalakè, St. Lampakes, T. Lounghis, A. Savvides, H Mikrav Asiva twvn qemavtwn. Ereuvne" pavnw sthvn gewgrafikhv fusiognwmiva kaiv proswpografiva twvn buzantinwvn qemavtwn thv" Mikrav" Asiva" (7o"-11o" ai.) (Athènes, 1998), 201-204. 30 PBE (Theodoros 48). Constantin Zuckerman considère que Théodore serait un stratège de Thrace effectif appelé commandant en second (hypostratègos). 31 PBE (Nicephoros 3) ; Theophanis Chronographia, éd C. de Boor (Leipzig, 1883) (cité désormais Théophane), 415. e 32 N. Oikonomidès, « Une liste arabe des stratèges byzantins du VII  siècle et les origines du thème de Sicile, » Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici N. S. 1 (1964) 121-130, repris dans Idem, Documents et études sur les institutions de Byzance (VIIe-XVe s.) (Londres, 1976), no VII. 33 M. Nichanian - V. Prigent, «  Les stratèges de Sicile. De la naissance du thème au règne de Léon V, » REB 61 (2003), 98-106.

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–  un sceau publié il y a un siècle qui signale un commerciaire d’Asie sous Léon IV  –  ils se réfèrent soit à une ville (Thessalonique par ex.) soit à une circonscription qui est une stratégie.34 On ignore le rôle exact des commerciaires de cette époque, notamment la place qu’ils tenaient dans le ravitaillement des armées. Ce qui est sûr c’est que l’abandon des noms des provinces traditionnelles ne peut être négligé. Il s’agit donc d’une question fort vaste et que j’espère ultérieurement traiter plus systématiquement. Dans cette contribution, je voudrais attirer l’attention sur le groupe de sceaux où apparaît le mot stratégie en ajoutant deux inédits de l’ancienne collection Zacos : Les sceaux connus sont les suivants : 1) Sceau édité par G. Zacos et A. Veglery, n° 254 concernant l’Hellade (ind. 7 [738/739]), déjà publié par G. Schlumberger et K. M. Konstantopoulos : Au droit, bustes des empereurs Léon III et Constantin V tenant entre eux une longue croix posée sur une base horizontale. Au revers, légende sur cinq lignes, suivie de l’indiction accostée de tirets : [TvN]|[B]ASILIKv|NKOMMERK|IVNSTRATI|GIASELLADO|- I ITῶn basilikῶn kommerkivwn stratigiva" Ἑllavdo". 2) Sceau édité par G. Zacos et A. Veglery, n° 261, qui concerne le thème des Thracésiens (ind. 10 [741/742]) : Au droit, bustes des empereurs Léon III et Constantin V tenant entre eux une longue croix posée sur une base horizontale. Au revers, légende sur sept lignes, suivie de l’indiction accostée de tirets : TvN|BASILIKv|NKOMMERK|IVNTHSST|RATIGIAST|vNYRA KIS|-IvN_ITῶn basilikῶn kommerkivwn th'" stratigiva" tῶn Qra/kisivwn. ∆I(ndiktiῶno") I 3) Seibt - Zarnitz, 1-3-8 (ind. 14 [745 - 746] (Munich Staatmuseum, no 499)

34 W. Brandes, Finanzverwaltung in Krisenzeiten, Untersuchungen zur byzantinischen Verwaltungsgeschichte zwischen dem 6. und 9. Jahrhundert (Forschungen zur byzantinischen Rechtsgeschichte 25) (Francfort, 2002), 511-589.

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Au droit, bustes des empereurs Léon III et Constantin V tenant une croix posée sur un globe. Au revers, légende sur sept lignes, suivie de l'indiction : Tv9N|BASILIKv|NKOMMER|KIvNTISTRA|TIGIASTv|NYRAKI SIv|N_ID Tῶn basilikῶn kommerkivwn tῖ" stratigiva" tῶn Qra/kisivwn. À cette courte liste, il faut ajouter deux pièces nouvelles :

4) Zacos (BnF) 735 (Dia. 31)

Les kommerkia impériaux de la stratégie des Thracésiens, indiction 13 = 744/5 Au droit, bustes des empereurs Léon III et Constantin V tenant une croix posée sur un globe. Au revers, légende sur sept lignes, suivie de l’indiction accostée de tirets : .vN|.ASILIKvN|KOMMERKIv|NTHSSTRATI|GIASTvNY|RAKISIvN|-9_IGªTºῶn ªbºasilikῶn kommerkivwn th'" stratigiva" tῶn Qra/kisivwn.

5) Zacos (BnF) 739 (mentionné dans Zacos - Veglery, Add. I, p. 1955) (Dia. 33)

Les kommerkia impériaux de la stratégie des Cibyrrhéotes, indiction 8= 739/40 Au droit, bustes des empereurs [Léon III et Constantin V] tenant une longue croix posée sur un globe. Au revers, légende sur six lignes, suivie de l’indiction précédée d’une croisette : TvN|BASILIKv|NKOMMERK|IvNSTRATH|GIASTvNKU|BERIOTvN|_H Tῶn basilikῶn kommerkivwn strathgiva" tῶn Kuberiotῶn.

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Cinq sceaux ne permettent pas de conclusion définitive, car toute découverte peut substantiellement altérer le tableau. Cependant on peut noter la concentration des dates autour de 741. Il ne s’agit pas d’une innovation de l’empereur Constantin V, puisqu’un exemplaire date de 738/739 et l’autre de 739/740. Trois des cinq bulles concernent le thème des Thracésiens pour les années 741/742, 744/745 et 745/746. Ces années encadrent l’époque de l’usurpation d’Artavasde qui a tenu le pouvoir à Constantinople de juin 742 à novembre 744. Le thème des Thracésiens avec celui des Anatoliques servait de soutien à Constantin contre son beau - frère et dut donc être fortement sollicité pour soutenir l’armée impériale lors de la guerre civile. L’indiction 741/742 correspondrait aux préparatifs de la guerre civile et celle de 744/745 à celle du siège de Constantinople par Constantin.35 Il semble bien que la légende des sceaux implique que l’Hellade, les Cibyrrhéotes et les Thracésiens correspondent à cette date à une circonscription territoriale. On notera qu’il s’agit de commandements qui étaient trop récents pour avoir été mentionnés dans la Jussio de 687. Le terme stratégie renvoie évidemment au stratège. Ce titre, employé dès l’époque protobyzantine pour désigner un chef d’armée, prend un sens technique, à une date qui n’est pas certaine, mais il faut noter que cette fonction apparaît sur les sceaux seulement à partir du VIIe siècle. Les premiers sceaux de stratèges, datables de la fin du VIIe siècle ou du début du suivant, tous personnages de très haut rang, puisqu'ils portent la dignité de patrice, alors la plus élevée de la hiérarchie si l’on excepte les dignités accordées aux parents de l’empereur, ne donnent pas le nom de la région qu’ils commandent.36 Héraclius, frère de l’empereur Tibère /A   psimar, fut nommé à la tête des thèmes d’Orient, mais son sceau mentionne seulement sa dignité de patrice et sa charge de monostratège.37

35 La chronologie de la révolte d’Artavasde a été corrigée par M. Nichanian dans sa thèse dont une proche publication est prévue (Aristocratie et pouvoir impérial à Byzance, viie-ixe siècle (Paris, 2004), 519-564. o 36 Quelques exemples : André, patrice et stratège, (Zacos -Veglery, n 743) ; Anthime, patrice et stratège (Schlumberger, Sig. 364, n°  4), Arsaber, patrice et stratège (Zacos -Veglery, no 752), Eustathe, patrice et stratège (Pančenko, Katalog, no 24), Grégoire patrice et stratège (Zacos -Veglery, nos 1965 et 1966), Baïanos, patrice et stratège (Zacos -Veglery, no 584), Bardanès, patrice et stratège (Pančenko, Katalog, no 156), Bardas, patrice et stratège (Zacos -Veglery, no 1752), Épiphane, patrice et stratège (Schlumberger, Sig., 364, n° 3, Zacos -Veglery, nos 323, 2990, 3103), Constantin, patrice et stratège (Zacos -Veglery, no 1822), Léon, patrice et stratège (Speck, Bleisiegel, no 53), Serge, patrice et stratège (Konstantopoulos, 211b), Sisinnios, patrice et stratège (Zacos -Veglery, nos 2373 et 3180), Étienne, patrice et stratège en 695 [(Théophane, 368, PBE (Stephanos 7)]. 37 Héraclius  : Théophane, 371, Schumberger, Sig., 333-334, Zacos -Veglery, no 1982, PBE (Heraklios 2).

10

LA MISE EN PLACE DES THÈMES D’APRÈS LES SCEAUX : LES STRATÈGES

Puis au cours du VIIIe siècle, le nom de la région où le stratège est implanté est systématiquement inscrit sur le plomb, ce qui semble impliquer deux moments différents dans le rôle des stratèges – patrices. Les premiers d’entre eux ne sont pas considérés comme les simples successeurs des magistri militum, puisqu’ils ne sont pas appelés stratèlatai, traduction grecque de cette fonction qui devient assez rapidement une dignité et ils commandent des troupes dont rien n’indique que leur recrutement ait été modifié. De même, les plus anciens sceaux de tourmarques ne sont pas associés à une région précise. Nous avons peu de sceaux de tourmarque et leur datation précise reste délicate. Cependant plusieurs exemplaires peuvent être attribués à la première moitié du VIIIe siècle : ceux de André, spathaire impérial,38 de Jean, spathaire impérial,39 de Damien, spathaire impérial.40 Remarquons au passage que la dignité normalement attachée à la charge de tourmarque est celle de spathaire. Enfin un dernier sceau semble pouvoir être daté plus précisément, celui de Konôn, tourmarque, qui existe en deux exemplaires.41 Dans son commentaire au sceau de Konôn, patrice, W. Seibt fait le rapprochement, compte tenu de la rareté de ce nom chez les laïcs, avec le futur empereur Léon  III, d’autant que l’iconographie des sceaux, qui place la légende entre deux cyprès, datable des années autour de 700, est compatible avec cette hypothèse.42 Konôn était très probablement stratège des Anatoliques. De son côté, Théophane nous fait connaître deux tourmarques du premier tiers du VIIIe siècle. Un certain Nikaias, nom bien étrange, fut envoyé en 716 vers Amorion auprès du stratège des Anatoliques.43 En 727, Agallianos, le tourmarque des Helladikoi, conduisit une rébellion manquée contre Léon III.44 Pour la première fois, une précision est donnée, mais ce n’est pas encore celle d’une région, l’Hellade, dont le thème existe  ; c’est celle d’un corps de troupes, peut - être rattaché aux Karavisianoi. Les indices qui nous permettent d’établir les étapes de la territorialisation semblent convergents. Jusqu’au début du VIIIe siècle, rien n’indique

38 Zacos -Veglery, 39 Zacos -Veglery,

no 1411. no 1509. Les éditeurs proposent de lire IVAN|NHEPARªXº|V=TOU|MARX, offrant l’étrange combinaison de deux fonctions peu compatibles, celles d’éparque et de tourmarque. Il faut corriger en IVAN|NHSPA2RªIº|V=TOU|MARX. o 40 Zacos -Veglery, n  2980. o 41 Schlumberger, Sig., 371-372 et Konstantopoulos, n 231. 42 Seibt, Bleisiegel I, 268. M. Nichanian [Aristocratie et pouvoir impérial (cf n. 33), 198-199] a reconstitué la carrière du futur Léon III et accepte cette identification. 43 Théophane, 388-389. 44 Ibid., 405. 11

Jean - Claude Cheynet

qu’un lien existe entre les nouveaux commandements et l’administration des provinces traditionnelles. Nous n’avons pour la première moitié du VIIIe siècle qu’un seul témoignage d’un commandement militaire lié à une province traditionnelle, avec la bulle d’un topotèrètès de Pakatianè.45 Le topotèrètès est un officier des tagmata et non de l’armée des thèmes. Ce plomb ne contredit donc pas l’idée que les corps de troupe ne sont pas encore liés à de nouvelles provinces. Il est très difficile de déterminer à quel moment la précision Anatoliques, Arméniaques, ou Thracésiens est mentionnée sur les sceaux. Si le sceau de Marianos, patrice et stratège des Anatoliques46 devait être attribué à l’illustre patrice Marianos dont le fils, Eustathe, fut capturé par les Arabes en 738,47 ce serait la mention la plus précoce, sinon il faut attendre la seconde moitié du VIIIe siècle pour trouver systématiquement cette mention. La chronologie des sceaux des premiers stratèges à faire mention des Arméniaques est difficile à établir. Le plus ancien serait celui d’un Léon, datant de la fin du VIIe siècle ou du début du suivant, mais les éditeurs, devant les caractéristiques du sceau, hésitaient en faveur d’une date beaucoup plus tardive48 et W. Seibt dans son compte rendu penchait pour la fin du VIIIe siècle.49 Dans l’état actuel des sceaux conservés, aucun sceau de stratège des Arméniaques ne semble avoir été frappé de façon certaine avant l’iconoclasme. Le sceau d’un Léon, stratège des Thracésiens, daté par ses éditeurs du début du VIIIe siècle, est sans doute à placer au milieu du siècle et Léon serait à identifier au stratège tué par les Bulgares en 759/760.50 Son successeur, Michel Lachanodrakôn, disposait aussi de sceaux où il fait mention de son thème. Dans le premier tiers du siècle, les stratèges et les tourmarques ne précisent pas encore systématiquement sur leurs sceaux le lieu où ils commandent. Les quelques plombs qui mentionnent une stratégie marquent cette transition. La transformation de l’Opsikion fut peut - être postérieure à celle d’autres troupes. L’usage officiel du mot thème n’est pas attesté avant le taktikon Uspenski, mais il est employé auparavant, comme en témoigne Théophane dont la chronique s’arrête en 813. Savoir si « thème » désignait déjà officiellement une circonscription administrative est une question délicate, mais il en était probablement ainsi vers 800. Déterminer la première fois où il est employé

45 Wassiliou - Seibt, Bleisiegel II, n  339. o 46 Zacos -Veglery, n 2153. 47 Théophane, 411. 48 DOSeals 4.22.43. 49 BZ 96 (2003), 750. 50 DOSeals 3.2.42. Le droit comporte un o

premier iconoclasme. 12

monogramme cruciforme typique du

LA MISE EN PLACE DES THÈMES D’APRÈS LES SCEAUX : LES STRATÈGES

dans cette acception est impossible. Le terme de stratégie est officiel autour de 750. Mais on ignore quand – et en fait pourquoi – le mot thème est apparu et s’il n’a pas d’abord été employé de façon officieuse bien avant 800. En conclusion très provisoire, on peut avancer que le règne des Isauriens marque une étape importante de l’évolution vers les thèmes, circonscriptions territoriales. Le petit nombre de sceaux portant mention de stratégies interdit des conclusions définitives, mais leur concentration sur peu d’années n’est sans doute pas le fait du hasard. D’autres éléments plaident en faveur de cette hypothèse, telle l’apparition de noms territoriaux pour désigner les nouvelles circonscriptions mises en place pour lutter contre les Arabes et leurs flottes, en particulier la Sicile et l’Hellade, thèmes créés avant 700. Le cas des Karavisiens et des Cibyrrhéotes est exemplaire : la flotte des Karavisiens est encore fondée sur le recrutement de marins destinés à la flotte centrale, celle des Cibyrrhéotes active déjà sous Léon III, est fondée sur une circonscription régionale. Le statut du soldat tel qu’il apparaît dans l’Ecloga, code maintenant daté avec certitude de 741 me paraît aller dans le même sens. Alors que le code Justinien interdisait au soldat professionnel tout autre activité, notamment dans les champs, les dispositions de l’Ecloga sur la maîtrise par le soldat de son pécule implique qu’il soit engagé dans l’entreprise agricole familiale et nous renvoie l’image d’un combattant enraciné sur sa terre – qui n’est certes pas encore stratiotique. Constantin V a bien conscience que les troupes d’Asie Mineure ne constituent plus tout à fait une armée de campagne, mobilisable à loisir, puisque c’est lui qui a créé les nouveaux tagmata. Sans doute des raisons politiques jouaient-elles également ; les troupes de l’Opsikion, qui formaient en principe le corps de bataille accompagnant l’empereur, s’étaient durablement ralliées à son rival Artavasde. Enfin, j’ai par ailleurs essayé de montrer que les premières familles, qui vont donner naissance à l’aristocratie militaire d’Asie mineure, paraissent émerger sous les Isauriens. Cela implique une certaine stabilité qui correspond à un enracinement provincial déjà ancien des troupes. Tout porte à croire que les thèmes territoriaux se sont bien mis en place au cours de la première moitié du VIIIe siècle. Rien ne dit que ce changement ait pris place partout au même pas. Les nouveaux commandements créés pour faire face aux Arabes d’Afrique et aux Slaves de Grèce ont pu avoir, compte tenu de la taille relativement modeste des circonscriptions, dès l’origine, une organisation territoriale, mais les commandements primitifs se sont transformés sans doute ultérieurement, à l’exception de l’Opsikion, dont la mention est attestée, dès 717 - 719, sur le sceau d’Isôès.51 Certains comme les Thrakèsianoi, les Karavisianoi ou

51 T. Lounghis, « Researching Seals in a Byzantine Chronography Data Base System, » SBS 2 (1990) 7-8.

13

Jean - Claude Cheynet

les Helladikoi ont disparu. De plus, ces changements n’ont pas conduit dans l’immédiat à l’accumulation par le stratège de tous les pouvoirs sur l’administration de son thème. Il n’avait pas la main sur les fonctions fiscales, car les dioecètes agissent dans le cadre de circonscriptions découpées dans les provinces traditionnelles et les commerciaires également jusque sous Léon III et continuent ensuite de dépendre directement des nominations impériales. Si l’évolution exacte de l’administration provinciale des VIIe - IXe siècles nous échappe encore quelque peu, l’impression qui domine, c’est le pragmatisme des autorités centrales, caractéristique que l’on retrouve durant la longue existence de l’Empire.

14

Elena Stepanova VICTORIA - NIKE ON EARLY BYZANTINE SEALS

It is well known that with the spread of Christianity the ancient subjects or characters depicted on the seals were replaced by images of the saints. Nonetheless, in a number of cases the characters from antiquity continued to be used, although, as in early Christian art in general, they were carefully selected and given a different Christian interpretation.1 Byzantine seals from the sixth and seventh centuries with ancient subjects are uncommon. Compared with works of applied art, the range of ancient images on sphragistic objects is very limited. It includes representations of a gryllos, a charioteer, a stableman, Pegasos, different personifications including Anthusa - personification of Constantinople, some scenes.2 Despite its small number, each demands a special approach to the study and, where appropriate, definition of its symbolic sense. Among seals with ancient subjects two large groups stand out: one – with an image of eagle and another – with an image of Victoria. Seals with an eagle representation are most the numerous; they are dated from the middle of the VI c. - beginning of the VIIIth c. As researches have shown,

1 K. Weitzmann, Greek Mythology in Byzantine Art (Princeton, 1951); K. Weitzmann, “The Survival of Mythological Representations in Early Christian and Byzantine Art and their Impact on Christian Iconography,” DOP 14 (1960) 47-68; J. M. C. Toynbee, “Pagan Motifs and Practices in Christian Art and Ritual in Roman Britain,” Christianity in Britain, 300-700, ed. M. W. Barley and R. P. C. Hanson (Leicester, 1968), 177-192; J. Huskinson, “Some Pagan Mythological Figures and their Significance in Early Christian Art,” Papers of the British School at Rome 42 (London, 1974), 68-97; E. Kitzinger, Byzantine Art in the Making. Main Lines of Stylistic Development in Mediterranean Art 3rd-7th Century (London, 1977); E. Kitzinger, “The Hellenistic Heritage in Byzantine Art Reconsidered,” XVI. Internationaler Byzantinistenkongress. Akten I/2 (Vienna, 1981), 657-675. 2 Zacos -Veglery, nos. 1374, 1382, 1384, 1391-1392, 3005; A. Kakovkin, “Vizantijskij molivdovul s antichnym siuzhetom,” Palestinskij sbornik 23 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1971) 53-57 (a pigmy fighting a crane); SBS 3 (1993) 192, no. 1024; M. Braunlin - J. Nesbitt, “Thirteen Seals and an Unpublished Revolt Coin from an American Private Collection,” Byzantion 69 (1999) no. 14 (Lupa Romana with Romulus and Remus); SBS 8 (2003) 234, no. 1041, 236, no. 911; E. Stepanova, “Byzantine Seals,” The Road to Byzantium. Luxury Arts of Antiquity. Catalogue of Exhibition (London, 2006), 125, 175-179, no. 147-164.

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Elena Stepanova

the overwhelming majority of these molybdobulls belong to civil and military officials of Byzantium or private persons. Seals with the image of Victoria, as a rule, are imperial, but some copies belong to private owners. The eagle and Victoria representations are closely connected with imperial symbolism of Late Rome. “The rulers of Byzantium saw the following of ancient traditions as a guarantee of political stability and the preservation of Roman emblems as a demonstration of the grandeur of the New Rome”.3 It is possible to assume, that in many respects it was this circumstance that had defined the choice of these antique subjects and their use on early Byzantine seals, because seals, reflecting personal preference of the owners, at the same time, testified also to their official status. In the present paper I intend to study seals with an image of Victoria of the VIth - VIIth c. As is known, in the days of Imperial Rome the image of Victoria had been inalienably connected with a cult of the emperor, being first of all a symbol of his military victories.4 Most often she was represented with a wreath in one hand and a palm branch in another. The cult of this goddess was continuous. Her image is still to be found on numerous monuments of art of the IVth - VIIth c. - imperial and consular diptychs, medallions and missorium dishes - even after Christianity became an official religion of the Empire. On them Victoria, as a rule, crowns the emperor with a wreath.5 On Byzantine coins of the VIth - the beginning of VIIth c. the Victoria representation holds a prominent place, though in comparison with the period of Imperial Rome where scholars list nearly 20 major varieties of the goddess (fig.1), the repertoire of her images is essentially reduced. At that time Victoria is frequently represented with the basic Christian symbols – chrismon or a cross. On some coins she is shown inscribing a chrismon on a shield (instead of a vota legend which every five years the emperors gave to people and the army) (fig. 2). On other ones she is depicted holding a jeweled cross on a long staff (fig. 3).

fig. 1

fig. 2

fig. 3

3 V. Zalesskaja, “The classical Heritage in Byzantine Art,” The Road to Byzantium, 54. 4 A. R. Bellinger, M. A. Berlincourt, “Victoria as a Coin Type,” Numismatic Notes and Monograph 149 (New York, 1962). 5 Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art. Third to Seventh Century, ed. by K. Weitzmann (New York, 1979), nos. 28, 36, 40, 42, 44, 46-47, 61, 88.

16

VICTORIA - NIKE ON EARLY BYZANTINE SEALS

It is considered, that this cross has a real prototype - a cross, erected on Golgotha by Theodosius II in 420.6 The image of Victoria standing, holding a wreath and globus cruciger (fig. 4), predominates from the reign of Anastasius I (491 - 518) up to Phocas (602 - 610). The new compositions which have united the image of the pagan goddess and Christian symbols, apparently, were perceived as symbols of victory of Christianity. The cross now became the emblem by which the emperor had obtained both his empire and victory in war.7 Legends on coins assume a Christian character as well. Thus, Ph. Grierson considers that the inscription “Jesus Christ conquers” on VIIIth c. coins is a conscious adaptation of the “Victoria Augusti” of earlier solidi.8 Gradually the image of Victoria disappeared from Byzantine coins. Under Justin I (518 - 527) the profile Victoria had been replaced on the solidus by the facing angel, but she continued to hold her ground on the less important fractional gold. Tiberius I (578 - 582) evicted her in favor of a cross, but the following emperors – Maurice (582 - 602) and Phokas - tolerated her return on the semissis in the East and tremissis in the West. At the time of Heraclius (610 - 641)Victoria appeared as the main type only on a rare silver coin of Carthage, issued in honour of triumph over the emperor Phokas, and as element of the type on some silver ceremonial coins where Victoria was shown standing on a globe and crowning the emperor (fig. 5).

fig. 4

fig. 5

These coins were issued to celebrate Heraclius’ triumph over the Persians in 628.9 It was last time when the Victoria representation was used on Byzantine coins. On imperial seals, however, the type of Victoria standing, with a wreath and globus cruciger, as well as some other types, was not practically used. The

6 7

Grierson, Coins, 36, 55-56. “Earlier a globe which carries the emperor as a symbol of his total and everlasting rule might be surmounted by a figure of Victoria, but from the 380s a cross often rises from a globe, signifying, as Procopius tells us, the ultimate source of imperial power and victory”. J. P. S. Kent, The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. X, The divided Empire and the Fall of the Western Part. 395-491 (London, 1994), 50. 8 Grierson, Catalogue III, 1, 227. 9 Grierson, Coins, 35. 17

Elena Stepanova

main representation of the goddess on these molybdobulls becomes Victoria holding a wreath, often interwoven with ribbons, in each hand (fig. 6).10

fig. 6

Sometimes the goddess stands on a sphere symbolizing all the world which emperor rules. Probably, the origin of this image dates back to the IV c. Sometimes it is mentioned as a “Constantinopolis” motif.11 For the first time Victoria with two wreaths accompanied by a legend “Libertas publica” appears on the follis of Constantinople during the reign of Constantine the Great (307 - 337). The goddess is shown standing on a galley (fig. 7).12 It is assumed that this issue is connected with victories of the emperor in the sea battles. Later Victoria with two wreathes can be found on some bronze coins of Constantius II and Constans (340 - 350: mints of Aquileia, Siscia), Constantius II and Gallus (350 - 351: mints of Siscia, Sirmium), and, especially, of Theodosius II (425 - 435: mints of Heraclea, Constantinople, Nicomedia, Cyzicus, Antioch) (fig. 8),13 on rare silver coins of Valens, Gratian and Valentinian II (375 - 378, mint of Siscia; 378 - 383, mint of Treveri) and also on rare gold coins of Valentinian I and Valent (367 - 75), issued in Thessalonika.14 The image is accompanied by the legend “CONCORDIA AVGVSTORUM”, or “VICTORIA AVGVSTORUM”. Most likely, this type had never predominated on coins and after the middle

10 Zacos - Veglery, nos. 3-5; Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 6; Sode, Bleisiegel, no. 1; SBS 6 (1999) 117; I. V. Sokolova, Byzantine Imperial Seals. The Catalogue of the Collection. The State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg, 2007), nos. 1-15 (with bibliography). Exceptions are the seal of Licinia Eudoxia (435-455), with Victoria holding cross in the right hand (Zacos - Veglery, no. 2759), an anonymous seal where Victoria is presented in profile with a wreath in the right hand (Sokolova, no. 2) - V c.? Probably, the seal of Justin I with winged Victoria holding a globus cruciger (?) in the right hand (Zacos - Veglery, no. 1bis). 11 J. P. S. Kent, The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. X (London, 1999), 92. 12 J. P. S. Kent, The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. VII (London, 1976), pl. 18, 18. P. Bruun, The Roman Imperial Coinage (London, 1966), 572-573, no. 18, 25. 13 J. P. S. Kent, The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. VIII, The Family of Constantine I (London, 1981), pl. 13, no. 75, J. P. S. Kent, The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. IX, Valentinian I-Theodosius I (London, 1997), pl. IX, 11; Kent, vol. X, pl. 18, nos. 434, 437, 438. 14 J. P. S. Kent, vol. IX, 177, no. 24.

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VICTORIA - NIKE ON EARLY BYZANTINE SEALS

of the Vth c. it, possibly, disappeared from coins completely. J. P. S. Kent proposes that Victoria with two wreaths might have been used to celebrate two victories of Constantine the Great. Later, he thinks, this image began to symbolize the victories of two emperors.15 Gold coins of Valens (364 - 78) of Thessalonika, clearly show this motif. On them Victoria is depicted crowning two sitting emperors with two wreaths (fig. 9).16

fig. 7

fig. 8

fig. 9

On imperial seals this usage of the type of Victoria with two wreaths raises numerous problems as well: why did it predominate for a long time, at what time did it appear and, finally, how is this representation to be interpreted? To my mind, it is the reign of Zenon (474 - 491) when it is possible to speak definitely about appearance of this type on imperial molybdobulls (fig. 10).

fig. 10

His seals are the first ones which may be reliably attributed owing to the inscription beneath the image of the emperor: D(ominus) N(oster) ZEN(on). As for earlier seals, some of them are more or less attributable thanks to comparison with contemporaneous coins or exagii. Thus, a number of pieces with a similar image of the winged goddess may be ascribed to the reign of Arcadius and Honorius or of Theodosius II, i.e. to the late IVth c. - first half of the Vth c.17 Possibly, it is that approximate date when Victoria with two wreaths “arrives” on imperial seals. Why it became their principal type in the Vth-the middle of VIth c. is difficult to say. Maybe, it is attributable to

15 J. P. S. Kent, vol. X, 47. 16 Ph. Grierson, Catalogue

of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection (Washington, 1992), pl. 3, no. 61. 17 Sode, Bleisiegel, no. 179; Sokolova, no. 1 (see n. 10). 19

Elena Stepanova

tradition, the origin of which is impossible to trace now. We observe the power of tradition on some examples from Byzantine coinage. Thus, the traditional legend  VICTORIA  AVGVSTORVM  on the gold coins of Justin II (565 - 578) referred originally to Victoria that formed the type but had become completely static, surviving the replacement of Victoria by an angel under Justin I and the later substitution of cross. The plural AVGUSTORUM continued in use despite the fact, that there was now as a rule only a single emperor.18 Probably, in the beginning the image of Victoria with two wreaths was connected with Late Roman institution of co-emperors and maintained in Byzantium after the IVth c. as well, when emperors, in order to transfer the throne to their sons, proclaimed them co-rulers. One more peculiarity of the Victoria iconography on emperors’ seals has to be stressed. In contrast to coins this pagan image for a long time was not accompanied by Christian symbols (such as a cross or chrismon). The obverse of the seals, where imperial portraits are depicted, not always bears any Christian symbols as well. It testifies that up to the middle of the VIth c. imperial seals were more secular than contemporaneous coins and it reflects a real difference in the role which they had played in a public life of the Empire. Coins which occupied a more official position, served as a powerful instrument of propaganda regarding the policy of the Empire and the state religion – Christianity. Seals, including imperial ones, had a more private character. Only on the seals of Justinian I (527 - 565) does the image of the goddess began to be accompanied by large-scale crosses on either side (fig. 11).

fig. 11

These crosses represent an important innovation. Their appearance signified the strengthening of the position of Christianity. It is no wonder that during the reign of this emperor the design of imperial seals, at last, had changed radically: the Victoria representation was replaced by the image of the Virgin with the Child flanked by similar crosses. However this transformation – so significant for the whole Christian world - had not yet been finally confirmed. Justin II, successor of Justinian I, for unclear 18 Grierson,

20

Coins, 49.

VICTORIA - NIKE ON EARLY BYZANTINE SEALS

reasons  –  sources make no comments on his decision – had reinstated both on his coins, and on his seals the image of Victoria. Probably, it was an external expression of a strengthening of the traditional imperial patriotism which had been shown in the design of coins, where alongside with Victoria, the image of Tyche of Constantinople was used. But the decline in ancient traditions had gone so far that in the provinces people were not sure of Tyche’s identity and compared it with an image of Venus. After Justin’s reign the goddess of Victory finally disappeared from imperial molybdobulls. To sum up, the image of Victoria on emperors’ seals of the Vth - the middle of the VIth c. was kept in view of her close ties with the imperial symbolism of Late Rome. The type of Victoria with wreaths in both hands was established, possibly, on the cusp of the IVth-Vth c., however, the reasons for the choice of this type of Victoria on seals remain unclear. The image of Victoria can be found on non-imperial seals as well. Most date from the second half of the VIth c.; they are private, and, despite their relatively large number (8 specimens are known), bear only two names: Alexander and Theodoros. On the obverse of Alexander’s seals (fig. 12 - 13)19 one can see the image of winged Victoria wearing a long chiton and holding a wreath in the right hand and stylis (a naval standard) in the left hand. In the lower field is a chrismon. G. Zacos and A. Veglery noted that the stylis is held by Victoria on gold staters of Alexander the Great. For the authors it is obvious that the owner of these seals wanted to imitate the type of Victoria of the coins of his glorious namesake but added the chrismon as a sign of his Christian faith. The authors mean the staters with the head of Athena on the obverse, and a standing Victoria on the reverse.20 It is necessary to note, however, that position of a stylis in the right hand of Victoria - Nike on staters is different than on Alexander’s seals. Nike holds it not vertically, but diagonally, as on those images where she is with a palm branch – the variant which I can not exclude on the seals. Stylistically, the image of Nike is close to gems of the same period from Asia Minor and Syria.21 One more seal of Alexander from the Hermitage museum (fig. 14)22 has some peculiarities: the cruciform

19 Zacos - Veglery, no. 1373 a,b. The Hermitage seals: М-3127, dm. 21 mm, M-4364, dm. 23 mm, in two pieces. The reverse of the seals bears the cruciform monogram of the name of Alexander. Unpublished. Despite of poor preservation of M-4364, it is obvious that it was made by another bulloterion than M-3127 and its design is of higher quality. 20 B. V. Head, A Guide to the Principal Coins of the Greeks (London, 1959), pl. 27, 2; 29, 4. 21 J. Spier, Late Antique and Early Christian Gems (Wiesbaden, 2007), nos. 3, 588, 593, 597, 599. 22 M-11229, dm. 22 mm. Unpublished.

21

Elena Stepanova

monogram of the name has slightly another form and the style of the Nike image is also different than on another seals of this owner.

fig. 12

fig. 13

fig. 14

On the seals of Theodoros his name is rendered by the Latin legend -THEODORU - (fig. 15)23 or by a Greek cruciform monogram (fig. 16).24

fig. 15

fig. 16

Representations of the winged goddess in both cases are accompanied by an inscription Νίκη, however, there are essential iconographical and stylistical differences: on one specimen Nike, standing three-quarters left, is depicted rather schematically; in the right hand she holds laurel branch. The

23 Zacos-Veglery, no. 1388. 24 Ibidem, no. 1389; The Hermitage

seal: M-5126. Lihačev, Nekotorye, 9, note 1, fig. 18; Pančenko, IX, 357, 174; A.V. Bank, Byzantine Art in the Collections of Soviet Museums (Leningrad, 1985), fig. 115. 22

VICTORIA - NIKE ON EARLY BYZANTINE SEALS

object in the left hand is not identified by the authors. Probably, it is a shield, as on the reverse of the coin “Constantinopolis” of Constantine the Great, where Victoria is standing on a prow, holding a wreath and shield.25 On the seals with cruciform monogram the Nike representation has more “antique” forms. One can see a similar image of the goddess with the lower portion of her chiton billowing on different ancient coins.26 Despite differences in design among the seals of Theodoros, G. Zacos and A. Veglery do not exclude the possibility that all of them have the same owner. The last seal of this series is the latest one among known to us, with a very stylized, degraded, image of Victoria - Nike; it dates back to the late VIIth - early VIIIth c. (fig. 17).27

fig. 17

On this seal the goddess also holds a wreath and stylis or a palm branch. On the reverse is a cruciform invocative monogram (type I according to V. Laurent) in the corners of which, the name of the owner of the seal is probably recorded. Thus, on non-imperial seals the image of Victoria is preserved for a longer time than on imperial ones. Why did an image of Victoria appear on non-imperial seals? This question has been already put by N. P. Lihačev28: «Such an image is barely pertinent to seals of private persons and yet there is a question, whether they could represent Victoria crowning with a wreath on their seals “. To my mind, the decision of this question lies in the complexity of this image during the examined period. Since the time of religious syncretism, especially in the first to the third centuries A. D. the meaning of a Victoria - Nike representation became polysemantic. At that time some more aspects to the traditional victory symbolism were added: Nike - Tyche - Fortuna,29 and Victoria as a personification of immortality. Nike as Tyche was interpreted as the Fortune of Christ and appeared in

25 Kent, 197b, 105-113. 26 For example, on bronze

coins of Zenon, issued in Rome. Kent, vol. X, no. 3666, 3667. 27 M-7865. Dm. 21 mm. Unpublished. 28 Lihačev, IZIGI, p. 9. 29 B. Bojkova, “Antičny monety ot razkopkite v Ratiaria,” Numismatika XX, 1 (Sofia, 1986), 44, 47, no. 32, bronze coins of the Roman colony Stobi, issued under Julia Domna (d. A.D. 217), wife of Septimius Severus. 23

Elena Stepanova

some dedicatory inscriptions of the VIth-VIIth c.30 Starting with the words: “’Αγαθη Τύχη ’Ιησος Χριστὸς βοήθει‚” these inscriptions served as a prelude to the formula IS XS NIKA. At the same time Nike could perform the functions of dragon-fighting saints and angels vanquishing evil and disease, which transformed the goddess into an image of the Christian antiquity.31 Such meaning had been inherited from Antiquity where Life was often represented as struggle in which a continuation beyond death had been won. That is why the memorial portraits on sarcophagi were often supported by Nikes. For this reason they are often placed in a wreath, usually laurel, “a wreath of a life”.32 In a given context Nike acts as a personification of triumph over death. As the image of a rider saint or a standing military saint who lances with a spear a snake, her image could be used on seals for protection against an Evil Eye.33 In sum, it is obvious, that it is the polysemantic character of the image of Victoria - Nike during the considered period that made possible her appearance both on imperial and on private seals.

30 “Nika,” Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie 12/1 (Paris, 1935), col. 1269-1272. 31 V. Zalesskaja, “Obraz Niki v rannevizantijskoj plastike iz Aleksandrii,” Soobščenija Gosudarstvennogo Ermitaža, LV (St. Petersburg, 1991), 42-44. 32 F. Cumont, Recherches sur le symbolisme funéraire des Romains, (Paris, 1942), 487. 33 Beside this, J. Nesbitt considers as “apotropaic devices” the images of pentalpha, lion and scorpion. He would suggest as well “the possibility that the name Alexander is actually a talisman and refers to Alexander the Great”. [J. Nesbitt, “Apotropaic devices on Byzantine lead seals and tokens in the Collections of Dumbarton Oaks and the Fogg Museum of Art,” Through a Glass Brightly. Studies in Byzantine and Medieval Art and Archaeology Presented to David Buckton, ed. by Ch. Entwistle (Oxford, 2003), 107-113]. In this connection it is necessary to remind the words of John Chrysostom directed against those who carries chains from Alexander the Great’ coins on a neck and on legs (Ad illuminandos catechesis, II, 5, PG 49, col. 240). It is not clear, however, whether it means ancient coins of Alexander the Great’ time. In this occasion H. Maguire notices, that such “coins” were manufactured as amulets in the fourth century at the time when John Chrysostom preached, because one of them, a circular gold pendant bearing a profile head of Alexander is now preserved in the Walters Art Gallery of Baltimore [H. Maguire, The icons and their images in Byzantium (Princeton, 1996), 136].

24

Alexandra - Kyriaki Wassiliou - Seibt DER NAME ALEXIOS KONTOSTEPHANOS KOMNENOS IDENTIFIZIERUNGSVORSCHLÄGE ANHAND SIGILLOGRAPHISCHER FUNDE

Eine der bekanntesten Familien, die sich mit dem Haus der Komnenen verschwägerten, war die der Kontostephanoi. Sowohl in literarischen Quellen als auch auf Siegeln sind mehrere Personen für die 2. Hälfte des 12. Jh. als Kontostephanos Komnenos vertreten, die z. T. auch gleiche Vornamen hatten, was naturgemäß mit Identifizierungsproblemen verbunden ist. Das trifft besonders bei Alexios und Stephanos zu, die die beliebtesten Vornamen waren.1 Zu Stephanos2 habe ich bereits in einem anderen Zusammenhang prosopographische Trennungen erwogen. Drei synchrone aber inhaltlich differenzierte metrische Siegellegenden führen den Namen Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos an, die im Folgenden erörtert werden sollen. Beginnen möchte ich mit einem Stück, das zuvor in mehreren deutschen Auktionen angeboten worden war, bis es schließlich in Wien landete.3 Die Legende verteilt sich auf beide Seiten, ist aber nicht vollständig erhalten, weil das Feld partiell plattgedrückt bzw. verletzt ist.

1 2

Barzos, Komnenoi I, 304-305 (Stemma der Kontostephanoi). A. - K. Wassiliou - Seibt, „Stephanos Kontostephanos Komnenos und sein Siegel: Ein Identifizierungsvorschlag,” Captain and Scholar. Papers in memory of D. I. Polemis (Andros, 2009) p. 343-348. 3 Sammlung Seibt, Nr. 391, aus Auktion Münz Zentrum 100, 10.9.1999, Nr. 768 (unvollständige und zum Teil irreführende Rekonstruktion der Legende. Der Name wurde aber richtig gelesen). 25

Alexandra - Kyriaki Wassiliou - Seibt

Av.: +KOMNH|NOFUOUSH|.9FRAGISAL9E|JIOUKON9T...|9FANV9N.....|9S TEF....|..... Rv.: UPER|TATOSTE|PANSEbASTV9N|.9JIANTH....NSEbAS9TO9U|..99 S9EOSPA9R|.....9OS My und Ny in der ersten Zeile des Averses sind ligiert; ein Punkt ungefähr in der Mitte der vierten Zeile des Reverses fungiert als Verstrenner. CT in der dritten und 5. Zeile als Stigma, OV in der fünften Zeile ligiert. Auf die innere Symmetrie, die vorhandenen Spuren und den Inhalt gestützt, bieten wir folgenden Rekonstruktionsvorschlag: Κομνηνοφυοῦς ἡ [σ]φραγὶς Ἀλεξίου Κοντ[οστε]φάνων [γένος], Στεφ[άνου γόνος] ὑπέρτατός τε πανσεβάστων [ἀ]ξίαν τῆ[ς πα]νσεβάστου [φύ]σε(ω)ς παρ[ηγμέν]ος. Es handelt sich um einen vierfachen Zwölfsilber mit einem Binnenschluss nach der fünften, siebten, fünften und fünften Silbe jeweils. Aus dem Inhalt geht hervor, dass der Siegelinhaber Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos hieß, Spross eines Stephanos Kontostephanos Pansebastohypertatos war, dessen Vater wiederum den Titel eines Pansebastos hatte. Alexios war viel mehr bestrebt mit obiger Legende seine genauere Abstammung aus dem Geschlecht der Kontostephanoi zu betonen und deren gesellschaftliche Stellung hervorzuheben als seine noble Herkunft aus der kaiserlichen Familie auszudrücken. Das Geschlecht der Kontostephanoi weiß Alexios über seinen Vater hinaus zu preisen, indem er sich, wenn auch indirekt, auf seinen Großvater bezieht. Obigen Siegelinhaber können wir mit ziemlich großer Sicherheit mit dem zweitgeborenen Sohn von Stephanos Kontostephanos und Anna Komnene,4 der zweitgeborenen Tochter des Kaisers Ioannes II. Komnenos (1118 - 1143) und der Eirene von Ungarn gleichsetzen.5 Über seine Mutter Anna Komnene war Alexios auch Neffe des späteren Kaisers Manuel I. Komnenos (1143 - 1181). Das πανσεβάστου φύσεως im letzten Zwölfsilber der Legende bezieht sich auf Isaakios Kontostephanos μέγας δοὺξ τοῦ στόλου,6 den Vater von Stephanos Kontostephanos bzw. Großvater von Alexios. Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (1), der um 1130 geboren sein dürfte,7 ist in den literarischen Quellen zum ersten Mal wahrscheinlich für die erste Hälfte des Jahres 11568 greifbar. Es handelt sich um einen Brief des Georgios

4 5 6 7 8

Barzos, Komnenoi I, 381-390, Nr. 77. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 222-248, Nr. 134. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 380 mit A. 5. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 222 mit A. 3. Zum Datum s. J. Darrouzès, Georges et Dèmètrios Tornikès. Lettres et discours (Paris, 1970), 172-173, A. 1. 26

DER NAME ALEXIOS KONTOSTEPHANOS KOMNENOS

Tornikes, Metropolit von Ephesos, der an seinen guten Freund Alexios Kontostephanos als Dux des Themas Thrakesion adressiert ist. Tornikes vermisst ihn sehr und ist bereit, wenn er ihn nicht bald besuchen kommt, den Weg nach Philadelpheia auf sich zu nehmen, nicht zuletzt deshalb, weil Alexios keine gerechten Entscheidungen als Dux trifft, was sowohl dem Namen der Komnenen als auch der Kontostephanoi enormen Schaden zufügt.9 In einem vielleicht synchronen oder jüngeren Brief wirft Michael Glykas unserem Siegelinhaber Prostitution (πορνεία) und Ungerechtigkeit vor, weil er ἐλεημοσύνη nur durch Raub und Diebstahl erweist; er führe ein sündhaftes Leben, daher ist es ihm nicht erlaubt, ohne μετάνοια und μετάληψις die Kirche zu betreten, denn Gott nimmt die Gaben von Sündern nicht an, er erhört auch ihre Gebete nicht.10 In der Überschrift des Briefes spricht Glykas seinen Adressaten mit ἀνεψιός des Kaisers ohne Titel und Funktionsangabe an.11 Im Akt der am 12. Mai 1157 abgehaltenen Synode, die dogmatische Lehre des Soterichos Panteugenes betreffend, erscheint Alexios Kontostephanos unter den genannten Teilnehmern an vierter Stelle als περιπόθητος ἀνεψιός des Kaisers (sc. Manuel I.).12 Bei den Auseinandersetzungen um den ungarischen Thron im Jahre 1161/62 nach dem Tod Gézas II. (31.5.1161) zwischen Stephan (später Stephan III.), dem Sohn des Verstorbenen, und dem gleichnamigen Bruder des Verstorbenen (später Stephan IV.) war Manuel I. interessiert, den Bruder zu unterstützen13 und setzte dafür seinen Neffen Alexios Kontostephanos ein.14 Er schickte ihn mit Truppen, um letzterem bei der Ergreifung der Macht zu helfen. Die Operation blieb aber erfolglos, weil das ungarische Volk dem Kandidaten des byzantinischen Kaisers misstraute.15 Schließlich wurde der jüngere Bruder Gézas II. als Vladislav II. zum König ernannt;16 ein Friedensvertrag auf fünf Jahre wurde zwischen Byzanz und Ungarn abgeschlossen, wobei Alexios Kontostephanos die byzantinische Seite vertrat.17 Nachdem aber Vladislav II. bald danach 9 Darrouzès, Tornikès, 172 - 174 (Nr. 27). S. auch 150, A. 1. 10 S. Eustratiades, Μιχαὴλ τοῦ Γλυκᾶ. Εἰς τὰς ἀπορίας τῆς

θείας γραφῆς κεφάλαια, (Athen, 1906), I, 160 - 174, Kap. 63. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 224, A. 8. 11 Eustratiades, a. O., 160: „Τῷ ἀνεψιῷ τοῦ κραταιοῦ καὶ ἁγίου ἡμῶν βασιλέως κυρῷ Ἀλεξίῳ τῷ Κοντοστεφάνῳ“. 12 Nicetae Choniatae thesauri othodoxae fidei, PG 104, 177, Z. 8 - 9. Vgl. V. Grumel, Les regestes des actes du patriarcat de Constantinople, III, 1043- 1206, (Paris2,1989), Nr. 1041. 13 Choniates 127f. Vgl. F. Dölger, Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des oströmischen Reiches, II, Regesten von 1025-1204 (bearbeitet von P. Wirth), (München, 1995), Nr. 1140 (ab jetzt Dölger - Wirth). 14 Choniates 127, Z. 89-90: „τὸν ἀδελφιδοῦν Ἀλέξιον τὸν Κοντοστέφανον συνεκπέμπει τῷ Στεφάνῳ μετὰ ἰσχύος“. 15 Choniates 128. 16 Choniates 127, Z. 94; Kinnamos, ed Bonn, 203, Z. 18. 17 Dölger - Wirth, Nr. 1441. 27

Alexandra - Kyriaki Wassiliou - Seibt

gestorben war (14. 1.1162), bestieg sein Neffe, der Günstling Manuels I., als Stephan IV. den Thron, worauf der byzantinische Kaiser bald Alexios Kontostephanos mit Truppen zu ihm schickte, um etwaige Unruhen in Ungarn zu verhindern. Als sich aber Stephan IV. nach kurzer Zeit sicher fühlte, schickte er Alexios wieder zurück.18 Stephan IV. wurde bald gestürzt, den ungarischen Thron bestieg sein Neffe als Stephan III. und ersterer ersuchte wieder den byzantinischen Kaiser um Hilfe. Dieser gewährleistete sie ihm nochmals durch Alexios Kontostephanos, den er erneut mit Truppen losschickte, kurz danach folgte auch er selbst.19 In der Synode vom 6. Mai 1166 (Ὁ πατήρ μου μείζων μού ἐστιν) erscheinen Alexios und sein älterer Bruder Ioannes Kontostephanos als περιπόθητοι ἀνεψιοί des Kaisers unter den Teilnehmern.20 Wieder als περιπόθητος ἀνεψιός Manuels I. in der Funktion eines πράκτωρ auf Kreta wird Alexios in einer Notiz vom 16. März 1167 erwähnt.21 Als περιπόθητος ἀνεψιός Manuels I. und Sohn des Panhypersebastos Stephanos Kontostephanos wird er als Teilnehmer der Synode vom 30.1.1170 angeführt die Absetzung des Metropoliten von Kerkyra Konstantinos als Monophysit betreffend.22 In der byzantinischen Historiographie wird zudem Alexios Kontostephanos zusammen mit seinem Bruder Ioannes und anderen an der Seite Kaiser Manuels I. als Teilnehmer des Feldzuges23 gegen den Sultan von Ikonion, Kilidsch Arslan II. (1156-1192), angeführt. Zu den Vorbereitungen des Feldzuges zählten sowohl die Erneuerung bereits bestehender Mauern kleinasiatischer Städte als auch die Errichtung neuer Befestigungsanlagen. Alexios Kontostephanos wurde mit der Wiedererrichtung der Stadtmauern von Nikaia (1175) beauftragt, was aus der Monodie des Euthymios Malakes an ihn hervorgeht.24 Der eigentliche Feldzug setzte im Sommer des Jahres 1176 ein, der byzantinische Kaiser versammelte seine Truppen am Fluss Ryndax;25 dort erkrankte Alexios Kontostephanos und starb an hohem

18 Kinnamos 19 Kinnamos

211 - 212. 212. Vgl. auch die Zusammenfassung der Ereignisse um den ungarischen Thron bei Barzos, Komnenoi II, 224 - 227. 20 S. N. Sakkos, “ Ὁ πατήρ μου μείζων μού ἐστιν,” Ἔριδαι καὶ Σύνοδοι κατὰ τὸν ΙΒ´ αἰώνα. ΕΕΘΣΘ 11 (1967) 153, Ζ. 32 - 34 (Ioannes ist als älterer zuerst erwähnt). Grumel, Regestes, 1058a. 21 F. Euangelatu - Notara, Σημειώματα ἑλληνικῶν κωδίκων ὡς πηγὴ διὰ τὴν ἔρευναν τοῦ οἰκονομικοῦ καὶ κοινωνικοῦ βίου τοῦ Βυζαντίου ἀπὸ τοῦ 9ου αἰῶνος μέχρι τοῦ ἔτους 1204, (Athen, 1978), 94 (Schreiber Georgios Kamarenos), 207 (421). 22 S. N. Sakkos, “ Ἡ ἐν Κωνσταντινουπόλει σύνοδος τοῦ 1170,” in: Θεολογικὸν Συμπόσιον. Χαριστήριον εἰς τὸν καθηγητὴν Π. Κ. Χρήστου (Thessaloniki, 1967), 332, Z. 12 - 14. Grumel, Regestes, Nr. 1109. 23 Kinnamos 291ff.; Choniates 175ff. Vgl. G. Ostrogorsky, Geschichte des byzantinischen Staates (München, 31963), 322f. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 229f. 24 A. I. Papadopulos - Kerameus, Noctes Petropolitanae. Sbornik vizantijskich tekstov XII-XIII vekov (St. Petersburg, 1913), 151, Z. 25 - 29. 28

DER NAME ALEXIOS KONTOSTEPHANOS KOMNENOS

Fieber, noch ehe der Feldzug begonnen hatte,26 der mit der Niederlage von Myriokephalon seinen Höhepunkt erreichte. Aus der Monodie des Euthymios Malakes geht hervor, dass Alexios Kontostephanos auch Kommandant von Hellas und Peloponnesos27 gewesen war. Die genaue Zeit ist jedoch nicht festzulegen. Barzos schlug als Zeitspanne die Jahre zwischen 1170 und 1176 vor,28 es könnte aber auch früher gewesen sein. Ausführliche Informationen über die Person und den Charakter des Alexios Kontostephanos sind in der bereits angeführten, in Prosa geschriebenen Monodie seines Freundes Euthymios Malakes, sowie jener in Versen verfassten eines Anonymus29 enthalten. Selbst wenn beide den Verstorbenen in jeder Hinsicht nur loben und preisen, was verständlicherweise in derartigen Schriften gerechtfertigt ist, kann sich der Rezipient doch ein gewisses Bild von ihm machen: Er war jedenfalls ein gebildeter Mann, rhetorisch erprobt sowohl im geschriebenen als auch im gesprochenen Wort,30 und zudem ein Theoretiker der Kriegstaktik.31 Er soll unter anderem auch ein schöner Mann gewesen sein, ob er allerdings wirklich blond32 bzw. hellhäutig33 war, ist nicht sicher, zumal derartige Angaben dem damaligen Schönheitsideal entsprechen und als literarische Topoi aufzufassen sind. Dazu gehört auch das Bild des tapferen und tüchtigen Feldherrn.34 Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos war verheiratet,35 hatte aber keine Kinder.36 Anders als in den eingangs erwähnten Briefen, die Alexios Kontostephanos unter anderem Ungerechtigkeit im Amt vorwerfen, ja sogar deswegen verpönen, wird in den Monodien erwartungsgemäß das Ideal des Staatsmannes präsentiert, der sich

25 Kinnamos 299, Z. 17-19. 26 Papadopulos - Kerameus,

a. O., 146, Z. 11 - 13, 21 - 23; 148, Z. 18 - 19. Vgl. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 233. 27 Papadopulos - Kerameus 145, Z. 26 - 27; 150, Z. 31 - 32; 151, Z. 11 - 12, 14 - 17. 28 Barzos, Komnenoi II, 226. 29 L. Sternbach, Spicilegium Prodromeum (Krakau, 1904), 16-27 (in 360 Zwölfsilbern verfasst). Darrouzès, Tornikès, 58f. schreibt nicht überzeugend diese Monodie Theodoros Prodromos zu. W. Hörandner, Theodoros Prodromos. Historische Gedichte (Wiener Byzantinistische Studien, 21) (Wien, 1974), 444 hingegen nicht. So auch Barzos, Komnenoi II, 243-244, A. 132. 30 Papadopulos - Kerameus, a. O., 143, Z. 6-7; 150, Kap. 20. 31 Papadopulos - Kerameus, a. O., 145, Z. 14ff. 32 Sternbach, a. O., 18, V. 78 (χρυσόθριξ). 33 Papadopulos - Kerameus, a. O., 143, Z. 22 (χρυσοειδὲς τῆς ὄψεως). 34 Papadopulos - Kerameus, a. O., 143, Z. 21, 23, 28, 33; Sternbach, a. O., 19, VV. 84, 112; 20, V. 124. 35 Sternbach, a. O., 19, V. 81; Papadopulos - Kerameus, a. O., 153, Z. 3 und 19, wo die Ehefrau des Alexios als Komnene und Tochter eines Logotheten bezeichnet wird. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 233 - 234 mit A. 73 möchte letzteren mit Ioannes Kamateros verbinden. 36 Papadopulos - Kerameus, a. O., 153, Z. 22. 29

Alexandra - Kyriaki Wassiliou - Seibt

als Wohltäter und Hüter der Gerechtigkeit und der Loyalität ausgezeichnet hat.37 Sowohl auf unserem Siegel als auch in allen anderen Quellenangaben die Person des Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos betreffend ist kein Titel angeführt. Er dürfte aber den Rang eines Sebastos besessen haben, auf den er in der Legende jedoch verzichtet. Die Bleibulle selbst setzen wir in die Zeit ab ca. 1150 bis zu seinem Tod im Sommer des Jahres 1176. Einen Alexios Kontostephanos, der mütterlicherseits auch ein Komnene war, führt folgende bekannte und ebenfalls in Zwölfsilbern abgefasste, inhaltlich weniger anspruchvolle Siegellegende vor:

(Typus a) Κοντοστεφάνου τὰς γραφὰς Ἀλεξίου ἐγὼ κρατύνω Κομνηνοῦ τὸ μητρόθεν.38 Der zweifache Dodekasyllabos findet sich auf zwei sehr ähnlichen, aber doch nicht stempelidentischen Typen (a und b). Der Durchmesser des Feldes ist nämlich bei a kleiner (28 mm) als bei b (33 mm). Bisher wurden diese Typen Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (1) zugesprochen, was aber nicht unbedingt sein muss.39 Ich tendiere eher dazu sie einer anderen Person zuzuweisen, nämlich dem gleichnamigen synchronen Cousin ersten Grades († vor 1156),40 Sohn des Andronikos Kontostephanos Komnenos und einer Theodora Komnene. Über diesen Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (2), der sehr jung vom Leben gegangen ist, wissen wir fast nichts.

37 Papadopulos - Kerameus, a. O., 150, Z. 12-13; 151; Sternbach, a. O., 24, V. 280. 38 Typus a: Auktion Münz Zentrum Rheinland 135, 10. - 12.1.2007, Nr. 949

(unsere Abb.); Laurent, Vatican, 181; Lichačev, Molivdovuly, LXV 2; ANS, Mabbott 6; I. Koltsida - Makre, “New Acquisitions of Byzantine Lead Seals in the Athens Numismatic Museum Collections,” SBS 9 (2006) 16, Nr. 6. Typus b: V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Vvedenie v vizantijskuju sfragistiku,” A. I. Romančuk, V. S. Šandrovskaja, Vvedenie v vizantijskuju archeologiju i sfragistiku (Ekaterinenburg, 1995), 103, Abb. 27; DO 44.7.1099. 39 Vgl. Hörandner, Historische Gedichte, 445. 40 Barzos, Komnenoi II, 58-60, Nr. 106. 41 Hörandner, Historische Gedichte, 447, LIII 25 - 30. In der Vergangenheit löste bei den Philologen dieses Gedicht Probleme aus, weil man es mit Alexios 30

DER NAME ALEXIOS KONTOSTEPHANOS KOMNENOS

Er selbst bittet Jesus Christus um seinen eigenen Schutz, den seiner Frau Maria Dukaina und ihrer gemeinsamen Kinder.41 Das zuletzt bei W. Hörandner edierte und kommentierte Gedicht von Theodoros Prodromos, Nr. LII, S. 445 - 446 könnte sowohl an Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (1) wie auch an Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (2) gerichtet sein. Jünger als die vorangegangenen Siegeltypen ist eine bisher unveröffentlichte Bulle (DO 58.106.5745)42 eines anderen Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (3), der sich „Enkel eines Purpursprosses“ (πορφυροβλαστέγγονος) nennt. Die Legende ist in zwei Zwölfsilbern konzipiert und verteilt sich auf beide Seiten des Siegels.

Av.: + |ALEJIW|SFRA9GISMA|KONTOSTE|FANOU Rv.: KOMNH|NO9FUOUS|PORFURO|bLA.9TE|GGON9OU Ἀλεξίου σφράγισμα Κοντοστεφάνου Κομνηνοφυοῦς πορφυροβλαστεγγόνου. Omikron und Ypsilon in der ersten Zeile des Av. sind ligiert. C und T in der dritten als Stigma verbunden. Das Beta in der vierten Zeile des Rv. ist offen (R). Unterhalb der Legende der Av.-Seite als Zierelement ein Punkt, zu beiden Seiten ein Längsstrich. Wahrscheinlich befand sich Ähnliches auch auf dem Avers. Der Inhaber dieses Stückes war wohl ein Sohn von Andronikos Kontostephanos Komnenos und einer „wunderschönen“ Dukaina unbekannten Vornamens.43 In der byzantinischen Geschichtsschreibung wird er als Rebell apostrophiert: Im Frühjahr 1183 hat er zusammen mit seinem VaterAndronikos Kontostephanos Komnenos Megas Dux und seinen Brüdern sowie Andronikos Dukas Angelos und seinen Söhnen eine missglückte revolutionäre Bewegung gegen Andronikos I. Komnenos (1183 - 1185) inszeniert. Nachdem die Geheimpolizei des letzteren – wahrscheinlich durch Verrat – davon erfahren hatte, wandte sie sich gegen die Rebellen. Andronikos Dukas Angelos und seine Söhne Kontostephanos Komnenos (1) verbinden wollte. Der hatte aber keine Kinder und war zudem auch mit keiner Dukaina verheiratet. Zur Problematik und den verschiedenen Lösungsvorschlägen s. Darrouzès, Tornikès, 59f.; Hörandner, Historische Gedichte, 444 - 445. 42 Für die Publikationserlaubnis danken wir Dumbarton Oaks, für die Übersendung des Photos John Nesbitt. 31

Alexandra - Kyriaki Wassiliou - Seibt

konnten fliehen, der Vater des Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos und seine vier Brüder hatten ein grausames Ende: nachdem sie festgenommen worden waren, stach man ihnen die Augen aus. Er selbst blieb als einziger am Leben.44 Für 1191 ist er als Chartularios mit dem Titel eines Pansebastos Sebastos bezeugt.45 Im Rahmen der Unterdrückung eines gemeinsamen Aufstandes der Valachen und Bulgaren auf dem Balkan unter Isaakios II. gelang es Alexios Angelos Komnenos, seinen Bruder, den amtierenden Kaiser, zu blenden und einzukerkern (8.4.1195), und sich selbst zum Kaiser ausrufen zu lassen. Er benachrichtigte von Kypsella aus seine Gattin Euphrosyne, die sich in Konstantinopel befand, den Großen Palast zu besetzen; er selbst machte sich auf den Weg in die Hauptstadt, um sich in der Hagia Sophia krönen zu lassen. Gegen die Aktion Euphrosynes erhob sich ein kleiner Teil der hauptstädtischen Bevölkerung, die eine φατρία gebildet und Alexios Kontostephanos zum Kaiser ausgerufen hatte. Letzterer zeigte Begeisterung für die Astronomie und hatte es schon in der Vergangenheit auf den Thron abgesehen (gemeint ist das Komplott von 1183). Das Gefolge Euphrosynes konnte die Rebellion auflösen, Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos wurde festgenommen.46 Nach diesem Zeitpunkt beziehen wir keine weiteren Informationen mehr über ihn. Niketas Choniates äußert sich abwertend über diesen Kontostephanos (τινὰ Κοντοστέφανον, S. 455, Z. 66 - 67) und sein Gefolge (τὸ χυδαΐζον τῆς πόλεως, S. 456, Z. 72 - 73), nicht zuletzt weil er unter den Angeloi zu den Personen mit führenden Positionen zählte. Während der Regierungszeit von Alexios III. bekleidete er das Amt des Groß Logotheten.47 Mit dem Epitheton πορφυροβλαστέγγονος in der Siegellegende bezieht sich Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (3) auf seine Großmutter väterlicherseits, Anna Komnene, die die zweitgeborene Tochter Ioannes II. Komnenos war. Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (1) war sein Onkel, Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos (2) ein älterer Cousin zweiten Grades.48

43 Barzos, Komnenoi II, 249 - 293. 44 Choniates 266-267; vgl. Barzos, Komnenoi II, 289ff. 45 A. Papadopulos - Kerameus, Ἀνάλεκτα Ἱεροσολυμιτικῆς

Σταχυολογίας, (St. Petersburg, 1894), II, 362, Z. 21-22. 46 Choniates 455-456. Vgl. Cheynet, Pouvoir, 129-130; Barzos, Komnenoi II, 734-736. 47 M. Angold, Η Βυζαντινή αυτοκρατορία από το 1025 έως το 1204. Μία πολιτική ιστορία (Athen, 1997), 494 (Übersetzung des englischen Originals The Byzantine Empire 1025-1204. A Political History [2London, 1994]). 48 Vgl. das Stemma bei Barzos, Komnenoi I, 304/305. 32

Ivan Jordanov BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA (DISTRICT OF ELKHOVO, BULGARIA), PART II

About ten years ago I documented and later published sixty Byzantine lead seals discovered in the fortress near the village of Melnitsa, district of Elkhovo (Jordanov, Melnitsa).1 The finds originating from this fortress continued to grow in the past years and the number of seals has doubled. It is time to document the new finds and to offer an analysis of their use in relation to the type of settlement in which they were discovered. The new finds come mainly from a private collection purchased for the Regional Historical Museum in Shumen (RHM). It was formed in the last few years and the Melnitsa origin of the seals is almost certain. The seals have been arranged according to the established scheme of names in alphabetical order and their numbering has been continued. This is also an occasion to amend the previous publication of some of the seals, which were not satisfactorily documented and illustrated. Finally, this article offers new information on the current location of the seals. 4. Andronikos Doukas, sebastos (ХII - ХIII c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 14354. Former collection of Emil Kossev, from Shumen. D. 21 - 44 (31), 3,5 mm. W. 16,76 g. Once a superb imprint, of which only a portion smaller than a half has reached us. The completion of the text is difficult at this stage. We need to find some unpublished parallel or a better preserved specimen. Ed.: I. Jordanov, “Pečati na vizantiiski sevasti ot teritorijata na Bulgaria,” Numismatika i sfragistika 2 (1998), no. 5; Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 196; Jordanov -  Zhekova, Shumen, no. 173; Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 4.

No parallel known.

1 Jordanov, Melnitsa = I. Jordanov, “Byzantine Lead Seals from the Village of Melnitsa (District of Elkhovo, Bulgaria),” SBS 7 (2002) 21-57 (thereafter, Jordanov, Melnitsa).

33

Ivan Jordanov

5. Aspietes Pakourianos (XI - XII c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 14514. Former collection of Emil Kossev, from Shumen. Find- spot: stronghold near Melnitsa. D. 19 - 21 (15), 3 mm. Good imprint, but broken along the channel. Ed.: Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 5; Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 534; Jordanov -  Zhekova, Shumen, no. 399.

24. Theodore Kasseteras, protospatharios and strategos (ХI c.) Archaeological Museum in Nessebar, no. 925. From Dr. Tzanko Petrov Stoyanov, physician and collector in Nessebar. Find- spot: stronghold near Melnitsa (?).D. 31- 33 (28), 3 mm. W. 12,22 g. Large flat blank of unprinted areas of the dies. Ed.: Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 24; Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 296.

Parallel: Another specimen struck by the same boulloterion was found in the Strategia of Preslav, see Jordanov, Preslav, no. 356; Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 295. 41. Michael, grandson of Samuel (XI c., last quarter) Archaeological Museum Nessebar, no. 1027. From Dimitar Neychev (Elkhovo). Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 23 - 23 (22), 2,1 mm. W. 6,61 g. Ed.: Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 41; Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 603.

Parallel: Unpublished specimen from Vienna.

41a. Manuel Lachanas (ХII c.) Private collection from Shumen. Find- spot: region of the Strandja Mountain (in such cases, it most frequently refers to the stronghold near Melnitsa). D. 30 - 33 (23), 3,5 mm. Ed.: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 400; Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 41a (without photo).

Parallel: A parallel specimen struck by the same boulloterion is preserved in the IFEB collection, no. 175. 50-51. Аnonymοus (XI c., second half) a) Historical Museum, Nessebar, no. 1051. Find- spot: fortress near Melnitsa. D. 16 - 17 (15), 3 mm. W. 4,85 g. Ed.: Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 50. b) Historical Museum, Nessebar, no. 1935. Find- spot: fortress near Melnitsa. D. 13 - 16 (16), 3,1 mm. W. 4,14 g. Ed.: Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 51.

Both specimens were struck by different dies or boulloterion.

34

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

53. Аnonymοus (XI c., second half) Historical Museum, Nessebar, no. 1134. Find- spot: notes in the inventory book as the northern beach of the peninsula in the Old Town of Nessebar. In previous publication: the village of Melnitsa? D. 16,5 - 19 (13), 4,5 mm. W. 7,80 g. Ed.: Jordanov, Melnitsa, no. 53.

61. Aetios, protospatharios and strategos of Presthlavitza (XI c., first quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15095. Former collection of V. Stankov from Batak. Find- spot: Topolovgrad - Melnitsa. D. 29-30 (22) mm. W. 15,12 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 315.

Parallels: Two further specimens from the same dies are known, two from the country – Preslav and Sliven, see Jordanov, Corpus I, nos. 63.1 Ba - Bb, and а third in the collection of the Fogg A. M., no. 2284 (see DOSeals 1.69.1). For the rest of the seals of the same Aetios, see Jordanov, Corpus I, nos. 63.1 A - C. 62. Anna Doukaina, sebaste (1068 - before 1136 ?) RHM, Shumen, no. 15495. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 15 - 16 mm. Although the imprint was centered, it is incomplete due to the small blank. A large part of the text remained outside of the blank. Unpublished.

Parallel: Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, no. 67, which is also incomplete and the reading is not absolutely certain. We cannot be sure whether our specimen was struck by the same boulloterion. Obv. Bust of the Virgin, orans, facing with medallion on her breast. Rev. Inscription of five lines: ......|........|..NHSE..|.HTHD.|.AINH [+Q(eotov)ke b(ohv)q(ei) th/' sh/' douvlh/ Ἄn]nh/ se[bast]h/' th/' D[ouk]aivnh/. 63. N. Antiochites, protospatharios (ХI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15117. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 18 - 21 (15), 3 mm. W. 6,66 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 163.

No parallel known.

35

Ivan Jordanov

64. Bardas Merkolites, vestes (1060s) RHM, Shumen, no. 15496. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak, no. 220. Find- spot: fortress near Melnitsa.

Parallel: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 465. Both specimens were struck by the same boulloterion. 65. Basil, rector (IX c.)

RHM, Shumen, no. 15126. Former collection of V. Stankov from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 12-22 (20), 3 mm. W. 3,78 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 171.

Parallel: Konstantopoulos, no. 489. The collection of RHM, Shumen, no. 15175, contains a seal probably belonging to the same Basil, on which he is oijkonovmo" th'" Neva" (see Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 346) 66. Basil Gemidinos, kouropalates (XI c., end) RHM, Shumen, no. 15140. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 20-22 (17), 4 mm. W. 5,34 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 143.

No parallel known. The letters of the last line recording the family name are not very distinct, which renders the reading difficult. Such a family name is unknown. 67. Basil N., vestarches (ХI c., third quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15130. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D.16-19 (11) 3,1 mm, W. 5,30 g. The reading of the family name is uncertain. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 133.

No parallel known.

68. Christophoros, imperial spatharokandidatos epi ton barbaron (X c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15492. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 14-23 mm. Half of what was once an excellent imprint. Unpublished.

No parallel known.

Obv. On the left, a griffin, attacking a dragon. Rev. Inscription of five lines: ....ST|....V2b2S|...ROKAN|...EPITO|..ARbAR|.?. [+Cri]st[ofovr]w/ b(asilikῷ) s[paqa]rokan[d(i)d(av)t(w/)] ejpi; to;[n b]arbavr(wn) + 36

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

69. Constantine, bishop of Develtos (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15141. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 16-18 (18), 3,1 mm. W. 6,04 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 360.

Parallel: Another specimen struck by the same boulloterion was found in Debelt, see Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 359. A third specimen is preserved in the collection of the museum in Istanbul, no. 429. See Laurent, Corpus, V/1, no. 723. 70. Constantine, proedros of Russia (1156 - 1159) RHM, Shumen, no. 15162. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 27.5-29 (26), 3,5 mm, W. 15,48 g. The specimen was once a complete good imprint, but now it is in a poor state of preservation, chipped along the circumference and cracked along the channel. Unpublished.

Parallel: The collection of the Benaki Museum in Athens contains another specimen struck by the same boulloterion. The whole text can be restored on the basis of comparison with our specimen. We encountered an enigma in the process of comparison. According to Father Laurent’s description, the Virgin is represented on the obverse seated on a low-backed throne. Laurent, Corpus, V/1, no. 789. However, a bust representation is seen in the illustration, which resembles that of the Virgin, but a careful look reveals that it is a beardless saint, most probably St. Stephen (Laurent, Corpus, V/1, Pl. 107). Probably the unclear photo has given grounds to V. L. Janin to postulate in his work that the obverse contains “ поясное изображение Богоматери”.2 I find it difficult to explain this discrepancy. Perhaps there was a technical error in the publication of Laurent’s Corpus and the seal of Constantine, proedros of Russia, was related with the obverse of another seal. Victoria Bulgakova has encountered the same riddle in her work with the seals of the metropolitans of Kiev.3 She has investigated why the image of St. Stephen appeared instead of that of the Virgin seated on throne. In her opinion, St. Stephen comes from seal no. 199 of Laurent’s Corpus, belonging to John kouboukleisios and imperial cleric (Laurent, Corpus, V/1, no. 199). Obv. The Virgin seated facing on thokos, holding a medallion before her breast. Sigla: M-R||YU: M(hvth)r Q(eo)u'. Rev. Inscription of four lines: +SFRA|GISPROEDRw|RvSIAKvN|STNATINw +Sfragi;" proevdrou ÔRwsiva(") Kwnstantivnou. 2 V. L. Janin, Aktovye pečati Drevnei Rusi X-XV c., vol. 1 (Moscow, 1970), 49, no. 49. 3 V. Bulgakova, Byzantinische Bleisiegel in Osteuropa. Die Funde auf dem Territorium Altrusslands (Wiesbaden, 2004), 265.

37

Ivan Jordanov

Who was this Constantine proedros of Russia and how did his seal happen to be in the fortress near the village of Melnitsa? In the following lines I will try to find the answers to these two questions. Another group of seals is known bearing the name of Constantine metropolitan of Russia. They contained the image of the Virgin seated on throne on the obverse, as on our specimen, but the inscription of the reverse is different: +Kwnstanti'no" ejlevw/ Qeou' mhtropolivth" pavsh" ÔRwsiva". This Constantine is attested on three seals: one is in the collection of the museum in Lvov4 and two are in the collection of the Hermitage: one is a lead seal5 and the other is struck on a gold plate.6 Two metropolitans of Russia in the XIIth c. named Constantine are attested in narrative sources. One occupied the see in 1156 and died in 1159. The other was metropolitan from 1167 and his name was mentioned until 1174. The previous investigators shared the opinion that the first group of seals, to which our specimen also belongs, belongs to Constantine I, while the second group is from Constantine II (1167-1174).7 The first Constantine appears in the proceedings of a session of the Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, chaired by Patriarch Loukas, on 26th January 1156. The session discussed the question of Christ’s sacrifice, including its liturgical aspects. The metropolitan of Russia, who was going to depart for his bishopric, shared his opinion on this question and asked the other hierarchs to do the same, in order for the synod to promulgate a canon, which would settle the aroused dogmatic doubt. The opinion of the Metropolitan of Russia was that Christ’s sacrifice was not offered only to the Father, but also to the Word itself and to the Holy Spirit, since the Holy Trinity was indivisible. Other bishops and the Patriarch of Jerusalem made their opinion known. Two schismatic clerics were questioned. Protecdicos Michael, perhaps the nephew of the metropolitan of Thessalonike (oJ tou' Qessalonivkh"), declared that he had doubted but that he now fully accepted the decision of the synod. The metropolitan of Dyrrachion Eustathios, who had submitted his written opinion, admitted his doubts and wished to be enlightened on the question. Finally, led by sacred zeal, the bishops anathematized all those who had different views and persevered in their heresy, while penitents would be forgiven according

4 D. Swiencicky, “Byzantinische Bleisiegel in Sammlungen von Lwow,” Izvestia na bulgarskoto istoričsko družestvo, 16-18 (1940) 434-441. 5 Laurent, Corpus, V/1, 606-607, no. 790; Janin, Aktovye pečati, cit., 49. 6 B. B. Guruleva, “Vtoroe obretenie pamjatnika (Hrisovul russkogo mitropolita XII v.),” Sfragistika i istorija kul’turyi (St. Petersburg, 2004), 121-129. 7 N. P. Lichačev, “Materialy dlja istorii vizantijskoi I russkoi sfragistiki,” Trudy muzeja paleografii 2 (1930) 5; Laurent, Corpus, V/1, 606; Janin, Aktovye pečati, cit., 49.

38

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

to the canons and traditions of the Fathers. The proceedings were signed and sealed by the chartophylax John Pantechnes.8 The name of Constantine, metropolitan of Russia, is mentioned again in the register of the Patriarchate, late January or February 1156, in a patriarchal letter ascertaining the legitimacy of Constantine as metropolitan of Kiev and Russia. The same letter ordered that Clement to be banished from the metropolitan see, anathematized (or excommunication – the Slavic word for it is неблагословения) all those, who had nominated and supported him were, and defrocked those who Clement had promoted and ordained. Unfortunately, the text of the letter was lost. It can be partially restored on the basis of the unreliable text of the Goustin chronicle.9 The initiative for the choice of Constantine was due to Prince Yuri Dolgoruki. Three bishops arrived for the consecration of the metropolitan in Kiev: Neophitos of Novgorod, Kosmas of Polotsk and Manuel of Smolensk. Neophitos died before the arrival of Constantine and only two bishops and the metropolitan celebrated the divine liturgy in the Hagia Sofia cathedral. Yuri received a blessing in the church. In Kiev, Constantine began appointing new bishops and he banished Clement’s followers. In 1157, he appointed the Greek Kosmas as bishop in Galich and Basil, whose nationality is unknown, in Pereyaslav, and in 1159 Antony, a Greek again, in Chernigov. Arkadios, whom the Novgorod citizens had elected in 1156, was approved in 1158. Prince Yuri Dolgoruki died on 15th May 1158 and was buried in St. Spas monastery, in Berestov, without the relevant honors due to the opposition against him in the Kievan society. After Yuri’s death, Iziaslav Davidovich, the former prince of Chernigov, settled in Kiev. However, late in 1158, he was driven away from Kiev. His church policy must have been very similar to that of Yuri, since metropolitan Constantine remained in Kiev and continued distributing some of the bishop’s positions: Arkadios in Novgorod, Leo in Rostov, etc. After Iziaslav was driven away, Yaroslav and Mstislav entered Kiev. Metropolitan Constantine probably afraid of the revenge of Mstislav for the curse on his father by the synod of 1156 fled to Chernigov where the Greek Antony was bishop. There, he got ill and died soon after (around Easter 1159). His will specified that his dead body should be given to the dogs. This unusual wish soon provoked a pious legend of miracles accompanying the execution of the death wishes of the metropolitan.10 I will dwell upon the question of the possible addressee of the Russian metropolitan in the fortress at the end of the present research.

8 Regestes, I, no. 1038. 9 Ibid., no. 1140. 10 M. D. Priselkov, Očerki po cerkovno-političeskoi istorii Kievskoi Rusi X-XII

vv. (St. Petersburg, 2003), 213-216; J. N. Stapov, Gosudarstvo i cerkov’ Drevnei Rusi 10-13 vv. (Moskow, 1989), 197.14. 39

Ivan Jordanov

71. Constantine Alopos (XI c., last quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15132. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 18 - 17 (13), 3 mm. W. 5,34 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 373.

Parallel: Further two specimens struck by the same boulloterion were found in Bulgaria. See Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 29-30. 72. David, imperial mandator and ek prosopou of Thrace (IX c.)

RHM, Shumen, no. 15096. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 25-26 (22), 3,8 mm. W. 9,82 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 299.

No parallel known.

73. Eudokimos Morocharzanes (XI c., last quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15105. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 24,5-25.5 (20?), 3,8 mm. W. 11,64 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 398.

Parallel: Three more specimens struck by the same boulloterion were found on other sites in Bulgaria, see Jordanov, Corpus II, nos. 516 - 518. This is the second seal of Eudokimos Morocharzanes, found in the fortress. 74. George Kontoladonos? (ХI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15127. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 17-17,1 (13), 4 mm. W. 7,40 g. Some letters from the last two lines are unclear, which renders the reading of the family name difficult. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 540.

75. George Choirosphaktes, patrikios (ХI c., second half) Archaeological Museum of Plovdiv. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: the stronghold near Melnitsa. D. 29 - 29 (4)? mm. Ed.: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 750.

Parallels: A. Mordtmann, “Plombs byzantins de la Grèce et du Péloponnèse,” Revue Archéologique 34 (1878) 48 and two unpublished specimens from collections DO Shaw 1060 and former coll. Zacos (two copies). 1. In the former collection Zacos another metrical seal of George Choirosphaktes, judge at Charsianon. 2. In the collection Fogg A. M., no. 782, an unpublished seal of George Choirosphaktes as a private person.

Obv. Bust of the Virgin, orans, with medallion. Sigla: M-R||YU. Rev. +|SKEP2YKE|GEVRGIV|TVXOIR2S|FAKTH. 40

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

76. Gregory, protospatharios epi tou Chrysotriklinou ... (Х - ХI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15124. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 14 - 22 (19), 3 mm. W. 6,32 g. Half of what was once incomplete imprint. The available letters are pressed and unclear, which renders the reading of the text difficult. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 541.

No parallel known.

77. Gregory, protospatharios and epi tou maglabiou (X - XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15137. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 16,5 - 19 (15), 2 mm. W. 4,70 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 131.

No parallel known.

78. John (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15134. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 18-18 (14 - 16), 4,5 mm. W. 9,30 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 427.

No parallel known.

79. John (XI c., last quarter) RHM, Shumen, no.15498. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 17-17 mm. Complete and well-preserved imprint. Unpublished.

Obv. Bust of the Virgin, orans, facing without a medallion on her breast. Sigla: M||Y. Rev. Inscription of four lines: +SKEP2|PANAGN2|SONLAT2|IV +Skevp(oi") Panavgn(e) so;n lavt(rin) ʼIw(avnnhn). 80. John Isès (XII c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15100. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22-25 (26?), 3 mm. W. 10,40 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 385.

Parallel: Another specimen struck by the same boulloterion was found in the region of Srem (modern Serbia), see L. Maksimović, V. L. Popović, “Les sceaux byzantins de la région danubienne en Serbie,” SBS 3 (1993) 122 - 123, no. 8. A John Ises is also attested in 1164/1165, at the time of the Hungarians’ attack against the city of Zeugme: “John Ises [‘Īsā], a Turk by birth who had participated in Roman upbringing and way of life” Ioannis Cinnami, Epitome rerum ab Ioanne et Alexio Comninis gestarum, ed. A. Meineke (Bonn, 1836), 238-239. Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, translated by C. M. Brand (New York, 1976), 79. 41

Ivan Jordanov

81. John Makrembolites (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15136. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 16 - 17 (14?), 3 mm. W. 4,18 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 393.

Parallels: Schlumberger, Sig., 674, no. 1; Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, 246, n. 530. For the seals of John Makrembolites, see Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, 245 - 246 and H. Hunger, “Die Makremboliten auf byzantinischen Bleisiegel und in sonstigen Belegen,” SBS 5 (1998) 9-16. 82. John Pepagomenos (XI c., last quarter)

RHM, Shumen, no. 15104. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 24 - 25 (20), 3,5 mm. W. 10,18 g. Holed in the upper half, it was probably suspended from a document or was worn as an icon. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 405.

Parallels: Unpublished from Fogg A. M. no. 715 and former coll. Zacos. For the seals of John Pepagomenos, see Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, 291 - 292.

83. John Philagres (XI c., last quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15116. Former collection of V Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 21 - 21 (20), 3 mm. W. 5,80 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 412.

Parallels: Unpublished from Fogg A. M. no. 715 and former coll. Zacos. John Philagres is not attested in written sources. The Orghidan Collection contains a seal of the proedros Andronikos Philagres (see Laurent, Orghidan, no. 115). 84. John Stravoromanos (XI c., last quarter)

RΗM-Shumen, no. 15098. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 24 - 25,5 (24), 4 mm. W. 10,84 g. Incomplete imprint. The last letters of the inscription are missing. Ed.: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 670A.

No parallel known.

85. John N., proedros (XI c., last quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15500. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. Well-centered but incomplete imprint. Parts of the image and certain letters did not print or were damaged. All that renders the reading, mostly of the family name, difficult. Unpublished.

Obv. Bust of unknown bishop saint facing, blessing (right hand) and holding a book (left hand). Trace from vertical inscription: ...||IT-M2-. Rev. Inscription of six lines: .KE..|.VSVD.|IVPROE|DRVTV.|.TO...|... ª+ºK(uvri)e ªb(ohv)q(ei) tºῷ sῷ dªouv(lw/)º ʼIw(avnnh/) proevdrw/ tῷ ... 42

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

86. Justinian I (527 - 565) Private collection of V. Stankov, from Batak). Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 18 - 22 (19!), 3,9 mm. Incomplete imprint due to the irregular shape of the blank. Unpublished.

Parallel: Schlumberger, Sig., 420; Laurent, Vatican, no. 9; I. Barnea, “Sceaux des empereurs byzantins découverts en Roumanie,” Byzantina 3 (1971), nos. 2 - 5; Zacos - Veglery, no. 3 a - b; Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 6.

Obv. Bust of Justinian I, with nimbus, beardless, facing; wears chlamys and crown-helmet with plume and pendants. Circular inscription along border of dots: ...VSTINI||......... [D(ominus) n(oster) I]ustini[anus p(er)p(etuus) Aug(ustus)]. Rev. Winged Victory in chiton advancing to front; holds wreath in either hand. In lower field l. and r., cross. 87. Katakalon Tarchaneiotes (1074 - 1095) RΗM, Shumen, no.15119. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 18 - 20 (16), 3 mm. W. 4,96 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 410.

Parallel: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 702. For the rest of the seals of Katakalon Tarchaneiotes, see Jordanov, Corpus II, nos. 701-703; I. G. Leontiades, Die Tarchaneiotai. Eine prosopographisch-sigillographische Studien (Thessaloniki, 1998), 46 - 51. 88. Leo (X - XI c.).

RHM, Shumen, no. 15147. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 13 - 15 (11), 3,5 mm. W. 4,04 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 434.

No parallel known.

89. Leo (ХІ c., end) RHM, Shumen, no. 15146. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 13 - 15,5 (?), 3,1 mm. W. 3,10 g. Incomplete imprint due to the small diameter of the blank. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 629

No parallel known.

43

Ivan Jordanov

90. Leo (XI c., end) Private collection of V. Stankov, from Batak). Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 20 - 20 (18), 3 mm. Complete imprint in an excellent state of preservation. Unpublished.

No parallel known.

Obv. Bust of the Virgin orans with a medallion on her breast. Sigla: M||YU Rev. Inscription of four or five lines: +SFRAG2|LEONTOS|OIKETwSw|PARYEN|E +Sfrag(i;") Levonto" oijkevtou sou Parqevne. Nos. 89 and 90 probably belonged to the same person. 91. Leo Hagioapostolites, protospatharios (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15114. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22 - 22 (20), 3 mm. W. 6,54 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 162.

No parallel known.

92. Leo Italiotes, (?) thytes (metropolitan) of the Thessalians (XІІ c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15107. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22 - 26 (23), 4 mm. W. 10,14 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 362.

No parallel known. The reading is hypothetical. A metropolitan of Thessalonica by this name is unknown. 93. Leo Nikerites, vestarches (ХI c., third quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15115. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: stronghold near to village of Melnitsa. D. 20 - 21(18) mm. W. 7,44 g. Good imprint. Ed.: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 523a. Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 139.

Parallels: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 523; Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 99; DO. 58. 106. 5596 (unpublished). Struck with the same pair of dies as our specimen. 94. Maximos, protospatharios and protonotarios (Х - ХI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15154. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 13,5 - 15 (?), 3,5 mm.W. 4,20 g. Subsequently trimmed along the circumference, possible to enhance the image on the obv., which damaged the inscription and renders difficult the reading. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 194.

No parallel known.

44

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

95. Michael Arnes, hypatos and vestiarites (mid - XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15099. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 25 - 26 (22), 3,5 mm. W. 10,10 g. A good and well-preserved imprint. Ed.: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 60a.

Parallel: Šandrovskaja-Seibt, no. 34. Struck by a different boulloterion.

96. Moses Eulogios (ХII c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15106. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: the fortress near Melnitsa. D. 23,1 - 24,1 (?), 3.8 mm. W. 10,28 g. Complete imprint, slightly off center. The letters of the reverse are quite damaged. Ed.: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 221a; Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 381.

Parallels: Two seals struck by the same boulloterion, see Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 220 - 221. Another unpublished seal, struck by the same boulloterion, is in DO. 58. 106. 4042. 97. Nicholas (?) Kallinikos, patrikios (mid - ХI с.)

RHM, Shumen, no. 15143. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 14 - 15 (17?), 4 mm. W. 3,58 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 151.

No parallel known.

98. Photios, hypatos and kommerkiarios of Develtos? (IX c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15122. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak, no. 118. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 20-21 (17,5?), 3,1 mm. W. 6 g. Incomplete imprint with damaged surface, which renders the reading very uncertain, especially as regards the kommerkiarios of Develtos. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 284.

No parallel known. No kommerkiarios of Develtos bearing this name is recorded. If the reading 81 is correct, we can increase the list of the titular kommerkiarioi by one. 99. N. Radenos ? (ХI c.) RHM, Shumen, no.15131. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find - spot: Melnitsa. D. 17,5 - 18,3, 2 mm. W. 5,54 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 536

No parallel known. Other seals with the same name are preserved in the Hermitage Collection [M-5520], see V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Obraz Sv. Prokopija na pečatjah,” Hristijanskaja ikonografija Vostoka i Zapada v pamjatnikah material’noj kul’tury drevnoj Rusi i Vizantii. Pamjati Tat’jany Čurkovoj (St. Petersburg, 2006), 82-83, fig. 5 and DO. 58. 106. 1451; DO. 58. 106. 1188 and Zacos, (BnF) no. 446. Obv. Bust of St. Prokopios holding a spear (r. hand) and shield ( l. hand). Vertical inscriptions: q|PR|O || K|O|P Rev. Inscription of four or five lines: GRH|GORH|OSvRA|DHN Grhgovrio" wJ Radhn(ό") 45

Ivan Jordanov

100. Sisinnios, patrikios, imperial protospatharios and strategos of Thrace (IX c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15118. Former collection of V. Stankov from Batak. Find-  spot: Melnitsa. D. 19,1 - 21,5 (?) 4-6 mm. W. 13,36 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 295.

Parallel: Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 35.6. The two seals were struck by different boulloteria. 101. Stephen, protospatharios epi tou Chrysotriklinou …(X - ХІ c.)

RHM, Shumen, no. 15491. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 18-20 mm. Well - centered and well - preserved but incomplete imprint. It seems a piece was cut from it, which renders difficult the reading. Unpublished.

No parallel known.

Obv. Bust of a military saint (St. George) facing, holding a spear (right hand). Trace from vertical inscription: ø-..||V-.-G... Rev. Inscription of five or six lines: +KEb2Y2|.TEFAN2A|..AY2EPIT|..TRIKLSZ|.VR2bN|.... +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) ªSºtefavn(w/) (prwto)ªspºaq(arivw/) ejpi; t(ou') ªCr(uso)ºtrikl(ivnou) ... 102. Stephen Polys (ХI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15153. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 16 - 17 (15), 3 mm. W. 4,08 g. The whole bulla is effaced and slightly worn, possibly from wearing it. As a result, the reading of the family is uncertain. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 406.

For the family name Polys and a possible identification with a Polys, archon of the tagmata of the West, cited in Skylitzes, see Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 588. 103. Symeon, imperial protospatharios epi ton oikeiakon and judge of Strymon and Boleron (XI c.) RHM-Shumen, no. 15113. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Topolovgrad - Melnitsa. D. 22 - 25 (20), 4 mm. W. 11,12 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 321.

No parallel known.

104. Soterichos (?), patrikios and strategos of Thrace (X c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15097. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 26  - 29 (25), 3 mm. W. 12,06 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 297.

No parallel known.

46

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

105. Theodore (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15151. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 16-17 (?), 4 mm. W. 5,98 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 420.

No parallel known.

106-107. Theodore, archbishop of Anchialos (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15129. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 15-15 (13?), 4 mm. W. 4,56 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 354.

Parallel: Laurent, Corpus, V/1, no. 854.

RHM, Shumen, no. 15142. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 15-15 (13), 4 mm. W. 3,80 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 356.

Parallels: Two seals struck by the same boulloterion, found in Pomorie, see Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 355, and one unpublished from the museum in Nessebar, no.1823 and one RHM, Shumen, no.15485. The seal is generally dated to the second half of the XIth century. An archbishop by this name is unknown for the see of Anchialos. At least two letters impressed with seals from different boulloteria were received in the fortress near Melnitsa. It could be assumed that the archbishop did not use his two boulloteria at the same time and so we can deduce that there is a certain span of time between the two letters. 108. Theodore Dobromiros, protoproedros (1070s - 1080s) RHM, Shumen, no. 15138. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Stronghold near to Melnitsa, Elkhovo region. D. 15 - 16,5 (15), 4,5 mm. W. 5,22 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 156.

Parallel: For the seals of this dignitary, see Jordanov, Corpus II, nos.176 - 182. Another unpublished specimen struck with the same pair of dies is preserved in the Hermitage (M-5780). 109. Theognostos, protospatharios and asekretis (X - ХI c.)

RHM, Shumen, no. 15128. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 19 - 20 (19?), 3 mm. W. 6,92 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 191.

No parallel known.

110. Theophylaktos (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15156. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 15 - 15 (?), 2,5 mm. W. 3,22 g. Incomplete imprint. The reverse is rather effaced and the letters recording the name are not very certain. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 423.

No parallel known.

47

Ivan Jordanov

111. Xene, nun and protovestiarissa (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15120. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 18,5 - 20 (15), 4 mm, W. 8,34 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 347.

No parallel known. The abbreviation Ax meaning that she was a nun is not very distinct. Xene was the monastic name of Maria, wife of the protovestiarios Andronikos Doukas and mother of the empress Irene Doukaina; she was the granddaughter of Bulgarian ruler John Vladislav: see M. Kouroupou - J.-F. Vannier, “Commémoraisons des Comnènes dans le typikon liturgique du monastère du Christ Philanthrope (Ms. Panaghia Kamariotissa 29),” REB 63 (2005) 52. 112. Zacharias (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15145. Former collection of V. Stankov from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 15 - 15 (11), 4 mm. W. 4,58 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 424.

No parallel known.

113. Anonymous (XI c., second half) Private collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22 - 22 (20), 3 mm. Well-centered and complete imprint. A small fragment chipped from the upper half. Unpublished.

Obv. Bust of Christ, bearded, facing; with nimbus, wears chiton and himation; blessing (right hand) and holding book of the Gospel with jeweled cover (left hand). Sigla: 6IS-6XS Rev. Bust of the Virgin, orans, without a medallion on her breast. Sigla: 6M6-R||6Y5U A most interesting detail on this seal: a small trapezium-shaped seal with some symbols, perhaps Arabic numbers, is struck on Christ’s shoulder on the obverse. I find it difficult to interpret them. Probably only the owner of the seal and the recipients knew what they meant. 114. Anonymous (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15079. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak, no. 75. Find- spot: Strandzha region, probably Melnitsa. D. 12 - 13 (11), 4 mm. W. 3,74 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 526.

No parallel known.

48

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

115. Anonymous (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, 15497. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. 17-18 mm. Unpublished.

Obv. Bust of unknown military saint (St. Demetrios?) facing, holding a spear (right hand) and a shield (left hand). No visible vertical inscription. Rev. Bust of St. Theodore facing, holding a spear (right hand) and a shield (left hand). Traces of a vertical inscription: ø-Y-E-.||D-O-R 116. Anonymous (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15112. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22,5 - 24,5 (12), 3 mm. W. 10,02 g. Once a well-centered and complete imprint, but now the surface is effaced and bent. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 527.

No parallel known.

117. Anonymous (XI c., last quarter) RHM, Shumen, no. 15101. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22 - 22,5 (19), 3 mm. W. 8,36 g. Well-centered but incomplete imprint. The letters on the reverse are indistinct and unclear. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 531.

No parallel known.

Seals with incomplete text 118. N., strategos of Thrakesion (ІХ c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15123. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 14,5 - 25 (?), 5 mm. W. 8,34 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 300.

No parallel known.

119. N., imperial protospatharios epi tou Chrysotriklinou and strategos of Macedonia (X c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15077. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Strandzha region, probably Melnitsa? D. 13 - 25 (20) 2 mm. W. 3,14 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 306.

No parallel known.

49

Ivan Jordanov

120. N., protos of Papikion (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15155. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 13 - 15 (13), 4,5 mm. W. 4,04 g. Incomplete imprint in a good state of preservation. The blank seems to have a lozenge shape and the imprint moved. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 365.

Parallel: Laurent, Corpus, V/2, no. 1237, struck by the same boulloterion. It is impossible to say on what occasion the confraternity of the monastery on the Papikion Mountain wrote to an unknown addressee in the fortress near Melnitsa. 121. N., presbyteros and higoumenos of … (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15133. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 18 - 18,5 (19?), 3 mm. W. 8,48 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 367.

No parallel known.

122. N., poimen (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15148. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 11 - 14,5 (10), 3,5 mm. W. 3,68 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 368.

No parallel known.

Obv. Inscription of three lines: +6K5E|bOH|YEI Rev. Inscription of three lines: TIN|POIM2|SOU +K(uvri)e bohvqei tὶn poim(evna) sou. 123. Niketas (?), imperial protospatharios, hypatos … (Х - ХI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15121. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 19 - 21,5 (20), 3 mm. W. 8,22 g. Well - centered imprint in a poor state of preservation. Slightly bent. The letters are indistinct which renders the reading uncertain. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 553.

No parallel known.

124. N., imperial protospatharios ... (X - XI c.) [RHM 15078]. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak, no. 74. Find- spot: Strandzha area, probably Melnitsa. D. 13 - 25 (20), 2 mm. W. 2,86 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 615.

No parallel known.

50

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

125. N. (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15103. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak, no. 99. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22 - 23,5 (22), 3,5 mm. W. 9,76 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 623.

No parallel known.

126. N. (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15108. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 22 - 22,5 (22), 2 mm. W.10,60 g. Certain letters are only barely visible and cannot be connected in a definite text. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 624.

No parallel known.

127. N., metropolitan of Adrianople ? (XIΙ c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15111. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 24.5 - 25,5 (22 ?) 3,5 mm. W. 7,60 g. Well-centered but incomplete imprint, which renders the reading difficult. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 625.

No parallel known. The end of the text on the reverse and the iconography give us grounds to accept that this must be another seal of the metropolitan of Adrianople (see Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 3.8). 127a. Eustathios, metropolitan of Adrianople (ХII c.) In possession of a collector in Novi Pazar. It was documented in the Historical Museum Shumen, but later returned to the owner. D. 42-43 (32), 3 mm. A superbly preserved seal. It is quite possible that this specimen also originates from Melnitsa. Here, it is mentioned as a parallel. Ed.: Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 3.8. Several years later I saw the same seal at an auction in Germany.

No parallel known. The seal is dated to the XIIth century. The synodikon list of the metropolitans of Adrianople gives the names of three metropolitans (nos. 20-22), one of whom is Eujstavqio". They are not known from other sources. According to Laurent, Eustathios took the throne in the last quarter of the XIIth century [see V. Laurent, “La Liste épiscopale du Synodikon de la métropole d’Andrinople,” ÉO 38 (1939), 21]. 128. N. (ХІ c.) HM, Shumen, no. 15125. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 13 - 25 (19?) 2,5 mm. W. 4,92 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 626.

No parallel known.

51

Ivan Jordanov

129. N. (ХІ c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15139. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 17 - 18 (16?), 2,5 mm. W. 3,68 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 627.

No parallel known.

130. N. (ХІ c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15144. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 15 - 15,5 (16?), 3,5 mm. W. 4, 26 g. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 628.

No parallel known.

131. N. (ХІ c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15152. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 14 - 16 (?), 3 mm. W. 3,70 g. Incomplete imprint in a poor state of preservation. Ed.: Jordanov - Zhekova, Shumen, no. 630.

No parallel known.

132. N. (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, 15493. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 18 - 30 mm. Half of an overstruck seal, which renders the reading impossible. Unpublished.

No parallel known.

Obv. Part of the bust of St. John the Theologian. Remains of the vertical inscription: .....||Y-E-O-LO-G2 Rev. Inscription of five lines. The two strikings render the reading impossible. The overstrike is blurred and the understrike is incomplete. 133. N. (XI c.) RHM, Shumen, no. 15494. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 11 - 18 mm. Fragment of a half in a poor state of preservation. Unpublished.

No parallel known.

Obv. Part of the bust of St. Panteleemon. Remains from the vertical inscription: .....||T-EL-E Rev. Inscription of four lines: +....|TW....|O.....|TW....|-S. 52

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

134. N. (XI c., second half) RHM, Shumen, no. 15499. Former collection of V. Stankov, from Batak. Find- spot: Melnitsa. D. 16 - 17 mm. Well-centered imprint in a poor state of preservation. The inscription on the reverse is in a poor condition and is impossible to restore. Unpublished.

Obv. Bust of unknown military saint (St. George?) facing, holding a spear (right hand) and shield (left hand). Trace from vertical inscription: ...E-.||G-.. Rev. Inscription of four lines: +GRA|..SFRA|....|..... *** After the presentation of the material, some kind of analysis should be offered so as to answer the question of the possible recipients of this correspondence. Since letters and documents were received in the fortress from the early IXth century through the XIIth century, it would be implausible to assume that they originate from a private person’s archive. Clearly, it concerns institution(s) located in the fortress. First, I will offer a chronological analysis. Of course, it is proposed with the reservation that a precise dating of each seals is impossible either due to the lack of sufficient characteristics (iconography, paleography, titles and positions) or the state of our knowledge. For many of the seals in a poor state of preservation, dating is impossible. 527 - 565: 85. Justinian I. IX c.: 9 specimens 13. [Gregoras?], imperial spatharios and strategos of Thrace 28. Jacob, imperial spatharokandidatos 43. Myron, imperial protospatharios and grand kourator (second half) 49. N. imperial protospatharios and strategos of Macedonia 65. Basil, rector 72. David, imperial mandator and ek prosopou of Thrace 98. Photios, hypatos and kommerkiarios of Develtos? 100. Sisinnios, patrikios, imperial protospatharios and strategos of Thrace 118. N., strategos of Thrakesion The nine specimens are dated to the IXth century and covering the whole century. Except for nos. 43 and 65, which originate from the capital, the 53

Ivan Jordanov

rest are from the provincial administration, mostly from the theme of Thrace and only one from the theme of Macedonia. The fortress belonged to the theme of Thrace, which explains the origin of many seals. Probably, the Tundja River marked the boundary between the theme of Thrace and the theme of Macedonia. X c.: 3 specimens; 68. Christophoros, imperial spatharokandidatos epi ton barbaron 104. Soterichos (?), patrikios and strategos of Thrace 119. N., imperial protospatharios epi tou Chrysotriklinou and strategos of Macedonia The number of seals is smaller but the origins are similar: one strategos of Thrace and another of Macedonia and one official from the office of epi ton barbaron. X-XI c.: 13 specimens; 1.  Agathonikos, spatharokandidatos and kommerkiarios 6.  Basil, kouboukleisios and kathegoumenos 9-10.  Basil Chalkoutzes, imperial notarios 48.  Stephen, kouboukleisios 77.  Gregory, protospatharios and epi tou magglabiou 76.  Gregory, protospatharios epi tou Chrysotriklinou . . . 88.  Leo 94.  Maximos, protospatharios and protonotarios 101.  Stephen, protospatharios epi tou Chrysotriklinou … 109.  Theognostos, protospatharios and asekretis 123.  Niketas?, imperial protospatharios and hypatos … 124.  N., imperial protospatharios ... It is interesting that the seals of officials from the central administration prevail in number (nos. 1, 9-10, 76, 94, and 110). There is not a single seal of a provincial governor. XI c., first half: 7 specimens; 24. Theodore Kasseteras, protospatharios and strategos (XI c.) 36 - 37. Constantine Syropoulos, spatharokandidatos and kommerkiarios of Develtos (XI c.) 39. Michael Iasites, magistros and doux of Antioch (1047?) 61. Aetios, protospatharios and strategos of Presthlavitza (XI c., first quarter) 95. Michael Arnes, hypatos and vestiarites (mid-XI c.) 97. Nicholas? Kallinikos, patrikios (mid-ХI с.) Five of the seven seals belong to provincial governors. We cannot be absolutely certain that the other two originate from the capital. 54

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

XI c.: They are generally from after the 1050s, but we lack sufficient data for a precise dating either due to the absence of dating characteristics (title, position, etc.) or mostly due to the fact that they are in poor condition and unreadable. 15. Seal of metropolitan of Adrianople? 16. Seal of metropolitan of Adrianople? 26. Theoktistos, monk 56. N. (XI c.) 63. N. Antiochites, protospatharios 69. Constantine, bishop of Develtos 74. George Kontoladonos? 99. N. Radenos? 103. Symeon, imperial protospatharios epi ton oikeiakon and judge of Strymon and Boleron 106-107. Theodore, archbishop of Anchialos (second half) 120. N., protos of Papikion 121. N., presbyteros and hegoumenos of … 122. N., poimen 125. N. 126. N. 128. N. 129. N. 130. N. 131. N. 132. N. 133. N. 134. N. It is interesting that those having complete texts are mainly ecclesiastical, and belonged to various bishoprics and monasteries – 9. The ecclesiastical seals basically appear after the mid - XIth c. XI c., second half – third quarter: 11. Bryennios Batatzes, patrikios, anthypatos and (1050s-1060s) 12. Bryennios Batatzes (XI c., second half) 23. Theodore Kazanes, vestes (XI c., third quarter) 31. John Batatzes, vestes (XI c., third quarter) 32. John N., judge and grand kourator of Mytilene (XI c.) 34. Constantine, vestarches (XI c., third quarter) 40. Michael Xeros?, patrikios (XI c.) 42. Mouchoumet, vestarches (XI c., third quarter)

katepano

55

Ivan Jordanov

44. Niketas Seleukos (XI c.) 46. Nicholas Synesios, protoproedros (XI c., third quarter) 47. Romanos Monasteriotes, magistros (XI c., second half) 50-51. Аnonymous (XI c., second half) 52. Аnonymous (XI c., second half) 53-54. Аnonymous (XI c., second half) 64. Bardas Merkolites, vestes (1060s) 67. Basil N., vestarches (ХI c., third quarter) 75. George Choirosphaktes, patrikios (ХI c., second half) 78. John (XI c., second half) 81. John Makrembolites (XI c., second half) 91. Leo Hagioapostolites, protospatharios (XI c., second half) 93. Leo Nikerites, vestarches (ХI c., third quarter) 102. Stephen Polys (ХI c., second half) 105. Theodore (XI c., second half) 110. Theophylaktos (XI c., second half) 111. Xene, nun protovestiarissa (XI c., second half) 112. Zacharias (XI c., second half) 113. Anonymous (XI c., second half) 114. Anonymous (XI c.) 115. Anonymous (XI c., second half) 116. Anonymous (XI c.) Almost all the seals belonged to title-bearers or private persons, some of which are anonymous. There is only one seal, which belonged to an official in the provinces – the Mytilene island. XI c., last quarter: 3. Alexios Komnenos, sebastos and grand domestikos (1078-1081) 7-8. Basil Mauros, proedros and judge of the Hippodrome (XI c., last quarter) 14. Gregory or Pantherios?, metropolitan of Adrianople (XI c.) 17. Gregory Maurokatakalon (XI c., last quarter) 18. Demetrios Apokaukos (XI c.) 20. Eudokimos Morocharzanes (XI c., last quarter) 21-22. Zacharias (XI c., end) 25. Theodoulos (XI c., end) 27. Theophanes (XI c., end) 30. John o tou Alexiotes, priest? (XI c.) 33. Constantine (XI c., end ) 56

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

41. Michael, grandson of Samuel (XI c., last quarter) 55. Аnonymus (XI c., en) 66. Basil Gimidinos, kouropalates (XI c., end) 71. Constantine Alopos (XI c., last quarter) 73. Eudokimos Morocharzanes (XI c., last quarter) 79. John (XI c., last quarter) 82. John Pepagomenos (XI c., last quarter) 83. John Philagres (XI c., last quarter) 84. John Stravoromanos (XI c., last quarter) 85. John N., proedros (XI c., last quarter) 87. Katakalon Tarchaneiotes (1074 - 1095) 89. Leo (ХІ c., end) 90. Leo (XI c., end) 108. Theodore Dobromiros, protoproedros (1070s - 1080s) 117. Anonymous (XI c., last quarter) The same tendency as above: only one or two officials from the central administration. The remaining were title-bearers or private persons. XI - XII c.: 5 specimens. 2. Еmperor Alexios I Komnenos (1081 - 1118) 5. Aspietes Pakourianos (XI - XII c.) 38. Michael Avlonas, protonobelissimos (ХI - ХII c.) 45. Nikephoros Dekanos, kouropalates and anagrapheus of Nisos (ХI-ХII c.) 62. Anna Doukaina, sebaste (1068 - before 1136) XII c.: 14 specimens. 4. Andronikos Doukas, sebastos (XII - XIII c.) 19. Irene Iasitina (XII c., second half) 29. Еmperor Isaac II Angelos (1185 - 1195) 35. Constantine Maniakes, protonobelissimohypertatos (XII c., second half) 41A. Manuel Lachanas (XII c., second half) 58. (XII c.) 59. (XII c.) 60. (XII c.) 80. John Isys/Isès (XII c., second half) 70. Constantine, proedros of Russia (1156 - 1159) 92. Leo Italiotes? thytes (metropolitan) of the Thessalians (XІІ c., second half) 96. Moses Eulogios (ХII c.) 127-127a. N., metropolitan of Adrianople? (XIΙ c., second half) 57

Ivan Jordanov

It is interesting that almost all the seals are dated to the second half of the XIIth c. Perhaps the fortress was reactivated at that time, possibly in connection with the Bulgarian liberation movement. We can suppose that a garrison was stationed there. Thus, 134 lead seals were discovered in the fortress near the presentday village of Melnitsa and their chronological presentation offers the following picture. The earliest is the seal of Justinian I (527 - 565). His seals are not exceptional in the area: about fifty specimens were discovered in modern Bulgaria. It marks the existence of a settlement around Melnitsa, during his reign. The absence of other monogrammatic seals from the Vth - VIth centuries is significant. The IXth century seals are a proof of an active life in the area and reveal the contacts of the inhabitants with some central institutions, mostly from the themes of Thrace and Macedonia. The number of the Xth century seals is not great but prove the existence of social life here. The correspondence of strategoi of Thrace and Macedonia and capital officials was received in the fortress. The proportion of the X - XIth century seals is sizeable, yet limited in comparison with other active centers such as Preslav, Pliska, Silistra, etc. It is interesting to note that the senders of the correspondence were mainly officials from the central administration and the Palace. Only a small number of seals come from the first half of the XIth century ‒ seven specimens ‒, but three of them belonged to provincial governors. On the whole, by the mid - XIth century, the fortress did not show signs of a great activity, but it was functioning. After the mid - XIth century, reaching its peak some time around the third quarter of the century, the number of seals increases. Eighty-three out of the total 134 specimens can be dated to this period. This indicates a new function of the settlement connected with an increase in activity, which continued over the turn of the century (5 seals from this period) and through the XIIth century (mostly its second half:13 specimens). This is a sizeable number for the XIIth century, when compared with the number of the finds from the other settlements in Bulgaria during this period. What was the reason for this sharp increase of seals around the third quarter of the XIth century? Given the overall picture in modern Bulgaria, the answer is easy to find. This was precisely the period when the Byzantine administration of Paradunavon collapsed. The Pechenegs became the masters of northern Bulgaria. The Byzantine garrisons of northern Bulgaria moved to southern Bulgaria. This is the precise period when an increase in the quantity of the seals is observed in Pernik, Dobri Dol, Blesna, Zlati Voivoda, Pomorie, etc. The military presence must have been reinforced in the fortress as well and the incoming correspondence of most of the private persons must have been addressed to the local garrison. Another necessary analysis is the differentiation between the clerical seals and those of laypersons: 58

BYZANTINE LEAD SEALS FROM THE VILLAGE OF MELNITSA

65. Basil, rector (IX c.) 6. Basil, kouboukleisios and kathegoumenos (X - XI c.) 48. Stephanos, kouboukleisios (X - XI c.) 15. Seal of metropolitan of Adrianople? (XI c.) 16. Seal of metropolitan of Adrianople? (XI c.) 26. Theoktistos, monk (XI c.) 56. N.(XI c.) 69. Constantine, bishop of Develtos (XI c.) 120. N., protos of Papikion (XI c.) 121. N., priest and higoumenos of … (XI c.) 122. N., poimen (XI c.) 106-107. Theodore, archbishop of Anchialos (XI c., second half) 111. Xene, nun protovestiarissa (XI c., second half) 14. Gregory or Pantherios?, metropolitan of Adrianople (XI c.) 30. John o tou Alexiotes, priest? (XI c.) 70. Constantine, proedros of Russia (1156-1159) 91. Leo Italiotes?, thytes (metropolitan) of the Thessalians (XІІ c., second half) 127 - 127a. Eustathios, metropolitan of Adrianople? (XIΙ c., second half) About 20 of the 134 seals belonged to clerics: the metropolitan of Adrianople – 4 or 5 specimens; the archbishop of Anchialos – 2 specimens, the bishop of Develtos – 1 specimen; the metropolitan of Thessalonike and Russia; protoi, hegoumenoi, etc. Who could be the recipient(s) of this correspondence? Although it is not impossible for these clerics to have written to laypersons (civil and military) living in the fortress, the diversity of the senders makes this conspicuous: metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, etc. It should be assumed that an ecclesiastical institution existed in the fortress with which the high-ranking clerics maintained a correspondence. What kind of ecclesiastical institution could that be? The possible answers are the following; either a bishopric or a monastery. Bishoprics subordinate to the metropolitan of Adrianople are known from the surviving notitiae. Two or three of them are not precisely localized. At the present stage of research we will refrain from attempts at localization, but the fortress is a possible candidate. Another possibility is the existence of a monastery in the fortress, to whose hegoumenos the mentioned prelates send their letters. A third rather prosaic hypothesis is to imagine, in this area, a country residence for the metropolitan of Adrianople, where he received his correspondence.

59

Sophie Métivier SCEAUX DES MUSEES DE KAYSERI ET DE NIĞDE (CAPPADOCE BYZANTINE)

Je présente ici les dix-neuf sceaux (ou tessère) que j’ai examinés et photographiés dans les musées de Kayseri et de Niğde en septembre 2004. Je prie Monsieur Hamdi Biçer, directeur du musée de Kayseri, et Monsieur Fazıl Açıkgöz, directeur du musée de Niğde, de trouver ici l’expression de mes remerciements. La moderne Kayseri recouvre l’ancienne métropole de Cappadoce Première, Césarée, tandis que Niğde est peut-être attestée dès la fin du viiie siècle dans les sources arabes sous le nom de Māğida à 15 km au nord de la métropole de la Cappadoce Seconde, Tyane.1 I. Sceaux du musée de Kayseri Le musée de Kayseri abrite trois sceaux et une tessère. N’ayant pas eu accès aux registres d’inventaire des fouilles, je ne suis pas sûre d’avoir vu la totalité des sceaux du musée de Kayseri. Ceux que j’ai repérés étaient inventoriés par erreur avec les monnaies. Ces quatre pièces datent du xie siècle, l’une au moins se rapporte à la Césarée byzantine. 1. Aarôn, protospathaire, épi tou chrysotriklinou… Inv. : 71/102-11. Dia. : 2,6 - 2,8. Sceau légèrement rogné. Frappe un peu décentrée. Lettres écrasées. Inédit.

Au droit, dans un cercle de perles, buste de saint militaire avec une barbe longue, en costume militaire, avec lance et bouclier bordé d’un cercle de grosses perles. Dans le champ, inscription en colonne à gauche et à droite de l’effigie: 9q|YE|O|D|V... Ὁ ἅ(gio") Qeovdwªro"º Au revers, inscription sur six lignes précédée d’une croix cantonnée de perles et accostée de tirets ; cercle de perles. 1 Fr. Hild et M. Restle, Kappadokien (Kappadokia, Charsianon, Sebasteia und Lykandos) (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. PhilosophischHistoriche Klasse, Denkschriften, 149. TIB, 2) (Vienne, 1981), s.v. Nakīdā, 243244. Māğida, localisée par al-Mas ' ūdī à 20 km de Loulon dans la région des maṭāmir, est mentionnée pour la première fois par al-Ṭabarī à l’occasion de sa prise par Hārūn al-Rashīd en 782.

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Sophie Métivier

-(-AARVN|5ASPAY2E|PITWrX2TR2|!!!T!!! |T2T!!!!|!!! Ἀarw;n (prwto)spaq(avrio") ejpi; toυ' cr(uso)tr(iklivnou)...

Plusieurs sceaux de Aarôn avec buste de saint Théodore, contemporains de celui-ci, sont connus. Ils sont attribués au prince bulgare, beau-frère d’Isaac, le premier empereur de la dynastie des Comnènes. Contrairement au présent sceau, ils présentent tous le formulaire Kuvrie bohvqv ei  : SBS 8 (2003), 161, 195 ; SBS 6 (1999), 103 ; SBS 5 (1998), 109, 144, 197. V. Šandrovskaja a édité plusieurs sceaux ayant appartenu à cet officier.2 Datation : second quart du xie siècle. 2. Basile Pédiaditès Inv. : 76/78. Dia. : 22,3 - 23,5. Sceau échancré aux deux extrémités du canal, légèrement rogné et oxydé. Inédit.

Au droit, saint en buste, de face, aux cheveux courts et avec chlamyde. Dans le champ, inscription en colonne, dont quelques lettres sont lisibles à droite : 9K|O|0PI| ªὉ ἅgio" Proºkovpiªo"º Il s’agit probablement de saint Procope étant donné le type iconographique du saint.3 Au revers, inscription sur cinq lignes, précédée, à la première ligne, d’une croisette: +6K6Eb20Y2|TVSVDW2|bAS2LEI|!PED29D2|TH K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) tῳ̃ sῳ̃ douv(lῳ) Bas(i)leiv(w/)ªt(ῳ̃)ºPed(ia)d(iv)th/.

2 V. Šandrovskaja, «  Neizvestnye pečati Aarona, magisra i duki Iverii i Velikoj Armenii i proedra i duki XI v (sceaux inconnus de Aaron, magistre et duc d’Ibérie et de Grande Arménie et du même, proèdre et duc), » Soobščenija Gosudarstvennogo Ermitaža 37 (1973) 60-64. 3 Voir, par exemple, Laurent, Corpus V/1, n° 211.

62

SCEAUX DES MUSEES DE KAYSERI ET DE NIĞDE

Datation  : première moitié du xie  siècle. Cette datation écarte toute identification avec le lettré Basile Pédiaditès, diacre, maître des rhéteurs et métropolite de Corfou, aux xiie - xiiie siècles.4 En revanche un homonyme et contemporain est connu comme catépan de Sicile en 1040 - 1041 grâce à Kékauménos et Skylitzès ainsi que comme catépan d’Antioche, probablement entre 1037 et 1040, grâce à un sceau de la collection Zacos de la Bibliothèque nationale de France édité par Jean - Claude Cheynet.5 Faut-il identifier le Basile Pédiaditès du sceau de Kayseri avec le catépan de Sicile et d’Antioche ? Au droit du sceau de ce dernier, on a un buste de saint Michel, ayant en main un globe et un sceptre, vêtu d’un loros, désigné par son nom dans le champ. L’effigie est accompagnée de l’inscription circulaire : K(uvri)e bohvqv ei tw/' sw/' d(ouvlῳ). Les lettres encore visibles de la légende et l’iconographie du sceau de Kayseri excluent qu’il s’agisse de saint Michel. 3. Eugénios, métropolite de Césarée (?) Inv. : 77/573. Dia. : 23,3/25. Sceau échancré aux extrémités du canal et rogné sur la gauche, entaillé au revers. Lettres écrasées. Inédit.

Au droit, saint évêque en buste de face, bénissant de sa main droite, Livre dans la main gauche. Inscription en colonne de part et d’autre de l’effigie : à gauche, plusieurs lettres ; à droite, L|EI|OS. ªὉ ἅgio" Basivºleio". Au revers, inscription métrique sur huit lignes, précédée d’une croisette au début de la première ligne. +SON|SvzEDwL|EUGENION|PANMMAKAR|TONSOUP9RO9E| DR9EONTA|PIS9T0wPOI|M9N9IO9U So;n sw'ze doυ'l(on) Eujgevnion panmmavkar to;n soυ̃ proedreªuvºonta pistoυ' poimnivou.

Datation : seconde moitié du xie siècle. 4

R. Browning, « The Patriarchal School at Constantinople, » Byz. 33 (1963) 20-22. Voir J. - C. Cheynet, « Les ducs d’Antioche sous Michel IV et Constantin IX, » Novum Millennium. Studies on Byzantine History and Culture dedicated to Paul Speck, éd.  C.  Sode et S. Takacs (Aldershot, 2001), 54 - 55. Vente aux enchères Spink 135, Londres, 6 octobre 1999, n°260, cité dans BZ  93 (2000) 397, par W. Seibt : sceau dʼun Basile Pédiaditès, catépan dʼAntioche. 5

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L’invocation mentionne Eugénios, proèdre du troupeau du saint. S’agitil du métropolite de Césarée, successeur de saint Basile, ou de l’higoumène d’un monastère Saint-Basile6 ? On connaît un exemple sigillographique qui associe l’image de saint Basile à un évêque de Césarée qui ne soit pas homonyme. La collection de Dumbarton Oaks conserve le sceau de Stylianos, archevêque de Césarée et syncelle, attesté en 1049, qui comporte au droit l’effigie de saint Basile en buste.7 Le décret synodal sur la nomination aux évêchés du 9 novembre 1071 mentionne parmi les évêques présents le prôtothronos Eugénios de Césarée, qui n’est pas autrement connu.8 Ce sceau de Kayseri lui a vraisemblablement appartenu. Pour le xie siècle on ne connaît nommément que trois titulaires de l’évêché de Césarée, Léon en 997, Stylianos en 1049 et ce dernier Eugénios.9 4. Tessère de Tornikios proèdre Inv. : 77/491. Dia. : manquant. Sceau légèrement échancré et rogné. Lettres écrasées. Éd. des parallèles  : W.  Seibt, Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr, t. V, 4, Byzantinische Münzen und ihr Umfeld. Bleisiegel und -plomben sowie Gewichte aus dem östlichen Mittelmeerraum (Duisburg, 2001), n°  47 (copie). SBS  8 (2003), 219 (Gorny, Vente 89, 5 mai 1998, 570). Jean-Claude Cheynet me signale trois sceaux similaires inédits : Zacos (BnF) 1032, 1033, 1034.

Au droit, deux saints en pied, de profil, se tenant embrassés. Inscriptions en colonne à gauche et à droite : à gauche, q 9 |9PE 9 |TR!! ; à droite, q 9 |9PA|U. Ὁ ἅ(gio") Pevtrªoıº Ὁ ἅ(gio") Paυ̃ªloıº Au revers, inscription sur sept lignes, légende métrique de 12 syllabes : APO9S9T!|LvNSKE9P9O!!|M9EDUASA88G!!|T9O8RNIKION9P!!|EDRON EKP!|9S9H9S9BL9A!|9H9S

6 La forme verbale proedreuvw est employée pour désigner Euthyme comme évêque de Sardes dans Skylitzès, Michel  II, section 4, l.  16, pour mentionner le patriarche de Constantinople dans Jean Zonaras, Epitomae historiarum, éd. M. Pinder (Bonn, 1897) (CSHB), t. 3, 261, l. 7. Si je ne connais pas de parallèle à cet emploi sur les sceaux, le substantif provedro" est bien attesté : voir Laurent, Corpus, V/1, p. xxxi. 7 DOSeals 4.41.2. Je ne connais pas dʼautres exemples de sceaux dʼévêques de Césarée de Cappadoce avec lʼeffigie de saint Basile. Les autres sceaux dʼévêques de Césarée, mentionnés dans V. Laurent, Corpus V/1 et V/3 et dans DOSeals vol. 4, sont antérieurs au milieu du xe siècle. o 8 Regestes, n  900, 23-24. Le décret est édité dans S. B. Kougéas, « Gravmma tou' aujtokravtoro" tou' Buzantivou ÔRwmanou' Diogevnou, » Eij" mnhvmhn Spurivdwno" Lavmprou, (Athènes, 1935), 574-575. 9 Voir G. Fedalto, Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis (Padoue, 1988), I, 22, qui omet Stylianos.

64

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Ἀpostªovºlwn skevpoªi"º me dua;" aJgªivaº Tornivkion pªrovºedron ejk pªavºsh" blavªbºh".

Datation proposée : seconde moitié du xie siècle. II. Sceaux du musée de Niğde Les quinze sceaux conservés au musée de Niğde, dont on ignore les conditions de découverte, sont antérieurs au ixe  siècle, à une exception près. Il s’agit de deux sceaux à monogrammes compacts, de deux à monogrammes cruciformes, de trois à inscriptions bilatérales et pour le reste de sceaux à monogrammes invocatifs. Quatre dignités différentes sont mentionnées : deux apo éparchôn, deux apo hypatôn, deux stratélates, un patrice. Deux fonctions sont indiquées, celles d’évêque et de commerciaire. Dignités et fonctions sont données séparément l’une de l’autre. 1. Jean, apo hypatôn Inv. : 1.46.98. Dia. : 24,5. Sceau échancré aux deux extrémités au droit, légèrement rogné. Lettres bien frappées. Inédit.

Au droit, inscription sur quatre lignes, précédée d’une croisette ; cercle de feuilles. Ligature des deux N. +IV|∂~NOu|∂POuP∂|TVN jIwavnnou ajpo; uJpavtwn Au revers, inscription sur quatre lignes, peut-être précédée d’une croisette : 9+dOu|LOu9THS|YEOTO|KOu douvlou th`" Qeotovkou.

Datation : vie/viie siècle. 65

Sophie Métivier

2. Marinos Inv. : 1.50.98. Dia. : 17,7. Sceau échancré aux deux extrémités. Lettres bien gravées. Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme compact avec a, M et N dans le carré, W au sommet à gauche, R en haut à droite ; une étoile à gauche, sans doute une autre à droite. Plusieurs solutions sont possibles : Marivnou, Marianoυ̃. Compte tenu du revers, la première, Marivnou, doit être retenue. Au revers, inscription sur deux lignes ; cercle de feuilles. M∂R|INW Marivnou.

Datation : vie siècle/viie siècle. 3. Sisinnios, apo éparchôn Inv. : 1.48.98. Dia. : 18,6. Sceau échancré aux deux extrémités du canal et légèrement rogné. Lettres bien frappées. Parallèles : Trois exemplaires à Berlin. Éd. : Sode, Bleisiegel, nos 189, 190 et 191 ; SBS 3 (1993), 200.

Au droit, monogramme compact avec S et N dans le carré, W en haut à droite ; cercle de feuilles. Sisinnivou Au revers, monogramme compact avec a, N, P et X dans le carré, V accroché à la partie inférieure de la haste gauche, R et e à droite ; cercle de feuilles. ajpo; ejpavrcwn.

Datation : vie siècle/viie siècle. 4. Théodore Inv. : 2001.28. Dia.  : 23,1. Sceau échancré aux deux extrémités du canal (particulièrement à l’extrémité inférieure), légèrement rogné et bien frappé. Inédit. 66

SCEAUX DES MUSEES DE KAYSERI ET DE NIĞDE

Au droit, monogramme invocatif (peut-être type Zacos et Veglery XXVIII) ; cercle de feuilles. Qeotovke bohvqei Au revers, monogramme cruciforme avec Y à gauche, ´ à droite, R et U au sommet, V et D à la base ; cercle de feuilles. YEODVRW Qeodwvrou.

Datation : vie/viie siècle. 5. Constantin… Inv. : 4.1.000. Dia. : 20,74. Sceau légèrement échancré aux deux extrémités. Gravure grossière. Parallèle : Zacos (BnF) 2970.10 Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme invocatif (type Zacos et Veglery XXV) ; dans les cantons, une étoile ; cercle de feuilles. Qeotovke bohvqei Au revers, inscription sur trois ou quatre lignes ; peut-être une étoile ; cercle de feuilles. KVN|stan|tinou|S9TR Kwnstantivnou str(athlavtou).

Datation : viie siècle.

10 Jean - Claude Cheynet mʼa signalé ce sceau dont le revers se transcrit ainsi : .Vn|.tan|tinou|STR2.

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6. Georges Inv. : 1.53.98. Dia. : 22,7. Sceau échancré et rogné. Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme invocatif (type Zacos et Veglery XLVI) ; cercle de feuilles. Qeotovke bohvqei Au revers, monogramme cruciforme avec e à droite, R au centre, W au sommet, probablement V à la base ; cercle de feuilles ; frappe décentrée. GEVRGIW Gewrgivou.

Datation : viie siècle. 7. Georges, apo hypatôn Inv. : 2.6.000. Dia. : 21,06/ 22,26. Sceau échancré au droit aux extrémités du canal et rogné dans la partie droite. Rotation verticale. Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme cruciforme avec G à gauche, e à droite, R au centre, W au sommet (la partie supérieure étant illisible), V à la base  ; cercle de feuilles. G´VRGIW Gewrgivou Au revers, inscription sur trois lignes ; cercle de feuilles. APO|UPA|TVN ajpo; uJpavtwn.

Datation : viie siècle. Voir SBS 8 (2003), 237 (Münz, vente 94, 13-15 mai 1998, n° 917) : la pièce, datée de 610/650, est décrite en des termes similaires. 68

SCEAUX DES MUSEES DE KAYSERI ET DE NIĞDE

8. Paul, commerciaire Inv. : 1.52.98. Dia. : 20,9. Sceau rogné et un peu écrasé. Frappe décentrée vers la partie supérieure. Parallèle : Musée de Chypre 219. Éd.  : Metcalf, Cyprus, no  219 (pièce dont l’authenticité est considérée comme douteuse).

Au droit, inscription sur deux lignes, précédée d’une croisette : +P9A|9ULO9U Pauvlou Au revers, inscription sur deux ou trois lignes, cercle de feuilles ; frappe décentrée : .....RKIa|9RIOU ªkommeºrkiarivou.

Datation : viie siècle. 9. Phôtinos, stratélate Inv. : 4.2.000. Dia. : 20,7. Sceau légèrement échancré aux deux extrémités. Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme cruciforme avec F à gauche, N à droite, T et W au sommet, V à la base ; cercle de feuilles : FVTINW Fwtinoυ̃ Au revers, inscription sur trois lignes ; croix dans le champ en haut ; cercle de feuilles : +|STR∂|THLA|TOU + strathlavtou.

Datation : viie siècle.

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10. N… Inv. : 1.47.98. Dia. : 26,8. Sceau cassé aux deux extrémités du canal et rogné. Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme invocatif (proche du type Zacos et Veglery XXXVI, auquel il faut ajouter un H sur la barre horizontale droite avant le E) ; cercle de feuilles. Qeotovke bohvqei Au revers, monogramme cruciforme avec, de manière assurée, P et N à gauche, X à droite, V et L ou a à la base, W au sommet, et, peut-être, G au centre ; cercle de feuilles.

Datation : viie siècle. 11. N., apo éparchôn Inv. : 1.51.98. Dia.  : 19,89. Sceau échancré au droit aux deux extrémités du canal et rogné, particulièrement sur la gauche (au droit). Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme invocatif avec Y à gauche, I et e à droite, K en haut en position intermédiaire, auquel il faut ajouter Tet O, B à la base : Qeotovke bohvqei Au revers, inscription sur trois ou quatre lignes : .aP9O|.PaRX|9VN ajpo; ªejºpavrcwn.

Datation : viie siècle.

70

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12. Georges, stratélate Inv. : 1.49.98. Dia. : 27,66. Sceau échancré aux deux extrémités du canal. Revers corrodé. Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme invocatif (type Zacos et Veglery XXXV)  ; cercle de feuilles : Qeotovke bohvqei Au revers, inscription sur quatre lignes ; cercle de feuilles : 8G..8R|GIV.T|....L|.TH Gªewºrgivw/ ªsºtªrathºlªavºth/

Datation : fin viie siècle/début viiie siècle. 13. Jean, évêque de Faustinoupolis Inv. : 91.98. Dia. : 25,44. Sceau bien centré, mais légèrement pressé sur les deux faces. Inédit.

Au droit, inscription sur quatre lignes, précédée d’une croisette ; cercle de feuilles : +IV|∂9~~OU|EPIS|KO9P jIwavnnou ejpiskovp(ou) Au revers, inscription sur quatre lignes ; cercle de feuilles : F∂Ë|ST8INW|POLE|VS Faustinoupovlew".

Datation  : 650-750. L’évêché de Faustinoupolis est un évêché de la province de Cappadoce  Seconde, suffragant de la métropole de Tyane. Bien qu’il soit attesté dans les Notices épiscopales (1-4, 7, 9, 10, 13, soit

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toutes les listes développées),11 seuls trois de ses titulaires sont connus, Daniel au concile d’Éphèse (431), Patrophilos au concile de Chalcédoine (451), Jean au concile de Constantinople III (680 - 681) et au concile in Trullo (691 - 692). Le propriétaire homonyme du sceau est identifiable à ce dernier. L’agglomération de Faustinoupolis est située à mi-chemin entre Podandos et Tyane, sur l’une des routes qui conduisent des Pyles ciliciennes au sud de la Cappadoce, depuis Tarse ou Adana, jusqu’à Césarée, Ancyre ou Ikonion.12 Exposée aux expéditions arabo-musulmanes, elle aurait été à une date précoce abandonnée au profit des sites défensifs voisins, notamment celui de Loulon. En l’absence de témoignages textuels Friedrich Hild et Marcell Restle ne précisent pas la date de la désaffection du site.13 Les expéditions arabes contre la Cappadoce sont mentionnées dès le milieu du viie siècle.14 Cités et places fortes de Cappadoce méridionale, au sortir des Pyles ciliciennes, sont signalées nommément à partir du début du viiie  siècle.15 La région au nord des Pyles ciliciennes commença en effet à être systématiquement attaquée une fois que les Arabes réussirent à s’établir durablement en Cilicie. Ce fut après l’installation de ces derniers à Mopsueste, où ils construisirent une mosquée et un grenier en 703, que Tyane fut prise par les Arabes en 707 - 708, puis abandonnée par ses habitants.16 La région de Tyane fut de nouveau attaquée avec succès par les Arabes en 739/740.17 Alors que les évêques du ressort de la métropole de Tyane, dans la Cappadoce la plus méridionale, participèrent aux conciles de la fin du viie siècle,18 à l’exception de celui de Kybistra, un siècle plus

11

Darrouzès, Notitiae, « Notitia 1, » no 225, p. 209, « Notitia 2, » no 282, p. 223, « Notitia 3, » no 311, p. 237, « Notitia 4, » no 238, p. 255, « Notitia 7, » no 290, p. 278, « Notitia 9, » no 176, p. 299, « Notitia 10, » no 209, p. 316, « Notitia 13, » no 215, p. 357. 12 Fr. Hild, Das byzantinische Strassensystem in Kappadokien (Vienne, 1977), 55. 13 Fr. Hild et M. Restle, Kappadokien (cité n. 1), 258-259. 14 R.-J.  Lilie, Die Byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber (Munich, 1976), 61, 68. Sur l’implantation des Arabes en Cilicie et leurs expéditions au nord du Taurus, voir S. Métivier, « L’organisation de la frontière arabo-byzantine en Cappadoce (viiie-ixe siècle), » Puer Apuliae. Mélanges offerts à Jean-Marie Martin, éd. E. Cuozzo, V. Déroche, A. Peters-Custot et V. Prigent (Paris, 2008) (Centre de recherche d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance, Monographies, 30), II, 433-454. 15 Lilie, Die Byzantinische Reaktion (cité n. 12), 114-122. 16 Théophane, Chronographia, AM 6201, éd. C. de Boor (Leipzig, 1883), I, 376-377. 17 Ibidem, AM 6231, I, 411. 18 Il sʼagit, au concile de 680-681, des évêques de Tyane et de Faustinoupolis (absences des évêques de Kybistra et de Sasima), en 692, des évêques de Tyane, de Faustinoupolis et de Sasima ; à cette dernière date nʼest absent que lʼévêque de Kybistra. Voir E. Ohme, Das Concilium Quinisextum und seine Bischofsliste. Studien zum Konstantinopeler Konzil von 692 (Berlin, 1990), 259. 72

SCEAUX DES MUSEES DE KAYSERI ET DE NIĞDE

tard n’assista au concile de Nicée II que celui de Sasima, au nord de Tyane. Le métropolite de Tyane y fut représenté, les évêques de Faustinoupolis et de Kybistra en furent absents.19 La conservation du sceau de Jean évêque de Faustinoupolis dans la région même de Faustinoupolis atteste la résidence de l’évêque Jean dans son évêché. Puisqu’on ne connaît pas d’exemples de sceaux frappés par des évêques sous juridiction arabe, on peut en déduire qu’à une date mal assurée l’évêché était effectivement pourvu et occupé, dans le ressort de l’Empire. Alors qu’au concile In Trullo les évêques déplorèrent l’abandon de leur église par les clercs et l’impossibilité pour certains de leurs collègues de gagner leur siège, en raison des expéditions des barbares (canons 18 et 37),20 on constate que la hiérarchie épiscopale était encore présente en Cappadoce méridionale à la fin du viie  siècle, voire au début du viiie siècle. 14. Georges, patrice Inv. : 8.1.83. Dia. : 23,9. Sceau légèrement échancré aux extrémités du canal et rogné dans la partie supérieure. Inédit.

Au droit, monogramme invocatif (type Zacos et Veglery XLIV) inscrit dans les quatre cantons au datif. Qeotovke bohvqei tω̃/ douvlw/ sou Au revers, monogramme cruciforme inscrit dans les quatre cantons, avec E à gauche, R à droite, V à la base. Dans les quatre cantons, 0PA|9T8R|IK|IV. Gewrgivw/ patrikivw/.

Datation : première moitié du viiie siècle.

19 E. Lamberz, Die Bischofslisten des VII. Ökumenischen Konzils (Nicaenum II), (Munich, 2004), 43, 65. Le métropolite de Tyane est représenté par Nicolas higoumène du monastère dʼApros. Il est mentionné sur toutes les listes sauf sur F, considérée par E. Lamberz comme la plus fiable. e e 20 Discipline générale antique (ii -ix s.), t.  I, 1  : Les canons des conciles œcuméniques, éd. et tr. fr. P.‑P. Joannou, Grottaferrata (Rome, 1962) (Pontificia commissione per la redazione del codice di diritto canonico orientale. Fonti IX), 149-150, 171-172.

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15. Jean Comnène Maurozômès Inv. : 1.54.98. Dia. : 34,8. Sceau cassé à gauche du champ et percé. Inédit.

Au droit, saint de face, en pied, barbu, un cartel dans la main droite. Inscription verticale à droite : PR|9D|M|O|#, ªὉ ἅgio" jIwavnnh"º oJ Pr(ov) d(ro)mo". Dans le cartel, ID|EO|A : Ἴde oJ aj(mno;" toυ̃ qeoυ̃ oJ ai[rwn th;n aJmartivan toυ̃ kovsmou). Jn 1, 29. Au revers, inscription sur cinq lignes. Ligature à la ligne 4 du uet du R; ligature à la ligne 5 du Tet du R : 9O9M!NUmO9N|8SK9´POISmSTW!!|THSLuXN´KOm!!|NOFu9Hmåu RO¶O|mHNPåTROYEN Ὁmonuvmon skevpoi" me toυ' (sic) ªfutºãlÃh'" luvcne komnhnofuh' Maurozovmhn patrovqen. Je propose une autre lecture de la deuxième ligne que celle qui a été faite dans les SBS 8 : skevpoi" me toυ̃ (sic) futãlÃh'", plutôt que skevpoi" mavrtu" futãlÃh'".

Datation  : xiiie siècle. Le détenteur du sceau est identifiable avec le Jean Comnène Maurozômès mentionné dans une épitaphe grecque de 1297 conservée au musée archéologique de Konya. Il peut s’agir du fils de Manuel Maurozômès, connu, au début du 13e siècle, comme dignitaire du règne d’Alexis  III et beau-père du sultan Kaykhusraw  Ier. Pour un commentaire plus détaillé sur Jean Comnène Maurozômès et sa famille, cf. mon article « Les Maurozômai, Byzance et le sultanat de Rūm. Note sur le sceau de Jean Comnène Maurozômès », REB 67 (2009), 197-207.  Le principal intérêt de cet ensemble sigillographique réside dans la conservation des sceaux dans les musées de Cappadoce. Une fois contextualisés, leur signification historique est précisée. Ils confirment par ailleurs le caractère local des sceaux, cʼest du moins ce que prouvent le sceau du métropolite Eugénios de Césarée ainsi que celui de lʼévêque Jean de Faustinoupolis. On remarque enfin lʼabsence dʼanthroponymie proprement cappadocienne. 74

Christos Stavrakos DIE BYZANTINISCHEN BLEISIEGEL DER SAMMLUNG KONSTANTINOS KALANTZIS IN AGRINION (GRIECHENLAND)

Es gibt bislang nur wenige Privatsammlungen in Griechenland, in denen man byzantinische Bleisiegel finden kann, und nur ein kleiner Teil dieser Sammlungen wurde durch wissenschaftliche Publikationen erschlossen und bekannt gemacht. So erwähnte etwa K. Konstantopoulos in der ersten Ausgabe der Sammlung des Numismatischen Museums Athen die Siegelsammlung des in Konstantinopel ansässigen Arztes K. Makrides und publizierte sie mitsamt den anderen Stücken.1 Aus den letzten Jahren verdanken wir Ioanna Makre die Veröffentlichung zweier weiterer Privatsammlungen, einerseits die von Orphanides-Nikolaïdes,2 die das Numismatische Museum Athen im Jahr 1925 den aus Smyrna stammenden Flüchtlingen I. Orphanides, S. Chatzisavvas-Nikolaïdes und Tsimlektsoglou abkaufte,3 und andererseits die von D. Doukas.4 Darüber hinaus gibt es vereinzelte Editionen auch anderer byzantinischen Bleisiegel aus Privatsammlungen Griechenlands,5 und im Jahre 2009 erscheint der erste Teil der Sammlung Savvas Kophopoulos.6 Konstantinos Kalantzis, Gymnasialleher in Agrinion, erwarb während seiner Studienzeit in Bulgarien eine kleine Münz- und Siegelsammlung. Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel dieser Sammlung, deren Publikation mir Herr Kalantzis freundlicherweise überließ, möchte ich hier vorlegen – ohne dabei zu verbergen, dass Herr Kalantzis stets darum bemüht ist, seine Sammlung durch den Erwerb weiterer Siegel zu vergrößern:

1 2 3 4

Konstantopoulos, S. z‹; Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, 30-31. Koltstida - Makre, Molubdovboulla. Koltstida - Makre, Molubdovboulla, 21. Dies., “H sulloghv molubdobouvllwn Dhmhtrivou Douvka,” Hypermachos, Festschrift für Werner Seibt zum 65. Geburtstag, hrsg. von Ch. Stavrakos / A. - K. Wassiliou / M. K. Krikorian (Wiesbaden, 2008), 138-152 (mit 54 Fotos). 5 Y. Nikolaou, “Duvo molubdovboulla thς sulloghς Hliva Kantav. Two Lead Seals in the Elias Kantas Collection,” Nomismatika Chronika 23 (2004) 55-58; Ch. Stavrakos, “Ein unpubliziertes byzantinisches Siegel aus der Sammlung Savvas Kophopoulos: Einige Bemerkungen zur Sicherung mit Blei,” Siegel und Siegler, hrsg. von Cl. Ludwig, (Frankfurt am Main, 2004), 163-174. 6 Ch. Stavrakos, Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel der Sammlung Savvas Kophopoulos. Eine Siegelsammlung auf der Insel Lesbos (2009, im Druck). 75

Christos Stavrakos

1. Kaiser Justinian I. 527-565. Durchmesser 19 mm. Von diesem Typus existieren mehrere Siegel. Es ist allerdings nicht sicher, ob auch nur einzelne davon stempelidentisch sind. Ed. Zacos-Veglery, Nr. 3a; 3b; Seibt, Bleisiegel, Nr. 6 (mit bibliographischen Angaben der älteren Literatur); neuerdings I. V. Sokolova, Pečati vizantinijskih imperatorov. Katalog kollekci, (Sankt Peterburg, 2007), Nr. 7 (mit bibliographischen Angaben zu weiteren Editionen dieses Typus’), 8-14; DOSeals 6,4.

Auf dem teilweise beschädigten Stück ist der Kopf des Kaisers Justinian zu sehen. Den Helm, das Diadem mit dem Trifolium auf dem Kopf und das gelocktes Haar an der Stirn des Kaisers kann man deutlich erkennen. Die Pendilien bestehen jeweils aus zwei Perlschnüren. Wie die kaiserliche Büste bekleidet war, lässt sich unserem Stück nicht mehr eindeutig entnehmen. Allerdings können wir aufgrund der anderen, ähnlichen Siegeltypen das Paludament erwarten, das mit einer Fibel zusammengehalten war. Die Umschrift, die am linken Teil zur Gänze abgebrochen ist, lautet: ….. // ANUS9R9R.. Es handelt sich um die für jene Zeit übliche Legende: [D(ominus) n(oster) Iustini]anus p(er)p[(etuus) Au(gustus)] Rv Auf der Reversseite befindet sich die Darstellung einer geflügelten Nike als Standfigur. In ihren Händen hält sie jeweils einen Siegeskranz, von denen zwei Bänder herabhängen. Die Kreuze im Siegelfeld unterhalb der Kränze, die auf den anderen, ähnlichen Kaisersiegeln abgebildet sind, kann man auf unserem Stück nicht mehr deutlich sehen; rechts sind nur Spuren von einem kleinen lateinischen Kreuz erhalten. Es gibt keine Beischrift. K

Es handelt sich um einen Siegeltypus, den Kaiser Justinian I. ausstellen ließ und der bereits aus älteren Siegeleditionen bekannt ist. Eine genauere Datierung sowohl von diesem als auch von einem weiteren Siegeltypus, die beide Kaiser Justinian zuzuweisen sind,7 ist nicht möglich. W. Seibt führte

7 Vgl. Seibt,

76

Bleisiegel, Nr. 7 (dazu auch 59 insbesondere Anm. 10).

DIE BYZANTINISCHEN BLEISIEGEL DER SAMMLUNG KONSTANTINOS KALANTZIS

in diesem Zusammenhang zu Recht an, dass Kaiser Justinian während seiner gesamten Regierungszeit zwei unterschiedliche Siegeltypen verwendete, einen ikonographischen sowie einen monogrammatischen. 2. Anonymes Kaisersiegel Ca. Mitte 4. bis Beginn des 5. Jh. Durchmesser 18mm. Keine Parallelstücke bekannt. Unediert.

Av Darstellung dreier sitzender Kaiserfiguren. Alle drei sind prunkvoll gekleidet und tragen ein langes Gewand. In der linken Hand halten sie jeweils einen Globus, in der rechten jeweils das Knotenszepter. Alle drei tragen einen Nimbus um ihren Kopf. Die mittlere Figur, die die größte von allen ist, zeigt, wie auch die linke, zweitgrößte Figur, einen Mann. Von der kleinsten, rechten Figur, die ein deutlich schmaleres Gesicht aufweist, lässt sich nicht mit Sicherheit sagen, ob es sich um einen jüngerer Mann oder eine Frau handelt. Da jede Spur einer Beischrift fehlt, bleibt eine Identifizierung dieser drei Gestalten immer hypothetisch. Obwohl es sich um ein recht frühes Siegel handelt, besaß der Hersteller des Boulloterions ohne Zweifel hohe künstlerische Fähigkeiten. Dieses Siegel ist im Gebiet der Sigillographie für die Zeit von der Mitte des 4. bis zur Mitte des 5. Jhs. durchaus eine Besonderheit, da wir aus jener Epoche ansonsten nur eher schlichte und sehr einfache Darstellungen kennen. Leider gibt es keine entsprechenden Münzbilder, die zur Identifizierung der abgebildeten Gestalten und somit zur Datierung dieses Stückes beitragen könnten.8 Eine stilistisch ähnliche ikonographische Darstellung findet man nur auf einem Solidus aus dem 6. Jh.9 Es handelt sich um Kaiser Justin I., der zusammen mit seinem Neffen Justinian I. (1. April bis 1. August 527), beide als sitzende Figuren, dargestellt wurde. Hier halten die Kaiser jeweils den Globus, aber kein Knotenszepter. Für das hier vorgelegte Siegel können wir entweder auf die Kaiser Valentinian I., Valens und Gratian oder auf Arkadios, Honorios und Theodosios II. schließen. Im ersteren Fall würde die Bleibulle aus der Zeit

8 An dieser Stelle möchte ich Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Hahn (Wien) für seinen freundlichen Hinweis danken. 9 Ph. Grierson, Byzantine Coinage (Washington D.C., 1999), 26 (Foto 48).

77

Christos Stavrakos

zwischen 367 (Gratian als Mitkaiser im Westen) und 375 (Tod des Kaisers Valentinian I.) stammen.10 Im zweiten Fall ließe es sie sich in die Jahre 402 (Theodosios II. wird von seinem Vater Arkadios als Mitkaiser eingesetzt) bis 408 (Tod des Kaisers Arkadios)11 datieren. Aus der Zeit zwischen 402 und 408 gibt es etliche Münztypen, wo auf der Vorderseite alle drei erwähnten Kaiser abgebildet worden sind. Es handelt sich allerdings in all diesen Fällen um stehende Figuren. Der Mitkaiser (Theodosios II.) ist als kleinere Figur in der Mitte dargestellt worden, und alle halten Speer und Schild,12 wobei auf einem anderen Münztypus aus dem Jahr 402 der in der Mitte kleiner dargestellte Theodosios II. den Speer und den Globus in seinen Händen trägt.13 Rv Die Reversseite ist blank. 3. Αἰνείας (?) 7. Jh. – 8. Jh. Durchmesser 23 mm. Keine Parallelstücke bekannt. Unediert.

Av Abbildung einer stehenden Figur. Da das Siegel in keinem guten Erhaltungszustand ist, kann man nicht mit Sicherheit sagen, ob es sich um eine männliche oder eine weibliche Figur handelt. Wahrscheinlich trägt sie ein kurzes Gewand. Rv Ein beschädigtes Monogramm, das vielleicht aus den folgenden Buchstaben besteht: A, E, N, O, U. In diesem Fall wäre es Aijneivou zu lesen.

10 Vgl.: Ph. Grierson – M. Mays, Catalogue of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. From Arcadius and Honorius the Accession of Anastasius (Washington D. C., 1992), 95 (im Folgenden: Grierson – Mays, Catalogue). 11 Vgl.: Grierson – Mays, Catalogue, 274. 12 Grierson – Mays, Catalogue, Tafel 12, Nr. 308-312. 13 Grierson – Mays, Catalogue, Tafel 10, Nr. 254-256; 258-260; 263.

78

DIE BYZANTINISCHEN BLEISIEGEL DER SAMMLUNG KONSTANTINOS KALANTZIS

K

Aus dem 6. bis 7. Jh. stammt ein weiteres Siegel14 mit einem ähnlichen Monogramm auf der Reversseite, das die Editoren als Leontivou gelesen haben. Auf der Aversseite befindet sich die Büste eines Heiligen mit dem Märtyrerkreuz in der rechten Hand, in dem die Bearbeiter aufgrund der von ihnen vorgeschlagenen Lesung des Monogramms den hl. Leontios erkannt haben wollen. Gleichwohl könnte man dieses Monogramm auch als Aijneivou an Stelle von Leontivou lesen. Einen weiteren Aijneiva" aus jener Zeit kennen wir nicht. 4. Κωνσταντῖνος Ταρωνίτης (oder Σαρωνίτης) Ca. zweite Hälfte 10. bis Beginn des 11. Jhs. Durchmesser 25 mm Keine Parallelstücke bekannt. Unediert.

Av Patriarchenkreuz15 vielleicht auf drei Stufen, die nun beschädigt sind, mit vegetabilen Ornamenten, die bis zum horizontalen Balken des Kreuzes reichen. Die Umschrift lautet: +KEbOH9YEITv..... +K(uvri)e bohvqei tῷ ªsῷ douvlw/º. Rv .KvN|.9TANT|..ARON|.TH|^ [+]Kwn[s]tant(ivnw/) [t(ῷ) Tºaron[iv]th/ ^ Über die Zierelemente auf der ersten und sechsten Zeile der Reversseite lassen sich keine konkreten Aussagen machen; es ist allerdings wahrscheinlich, dass es sich um vier Punkte handelt, die mindestens auf der ersten Zeile zwischen zwei anderen Punkten abgebildet waren. Der Familienname des Siegelausstellers könnte auch Sarwnivth" sein. Solange es keine Parallelstücke gibt, die die eine oder andere Lesung bestätigen, sollte man beide Möglichkeiten offen lassen.

14 Auktion Peus Nachf. (29.-30.10.2003), Nr. 1258. 15 Vgl.: I. Koltsida - Makre, “The Representation of

Lead Seals,” SBS 4 (1995) 43-51.

the Cross on Byzantine 79

Christos Stavrakos

Einen Kwnstanti'no" Tarwnivth" ohne Titel oder Amt liest Laurent auf einem Siegel der Sammlung Shaw, das er in das 10. Jh. Datiert.16 Auf dem Avers befindet sich ein Anrufungsmonogramm (Qeotovke bohvqei) mit einer Umschrift aus den Psalmen: K(uvrio)" ejm(oi;) bohqov", k(ai; [LXX: kajgwv]) ejpovyomªaiº (Ps. 117, 7), auf dem Revers ein Kreuzmonogramm, das Laurent als Kwn(stantivnou) Tarwnivtou liest; die Umschrift ist wiederum ein Zitat aus den Psalmen K(uvrio)" ejmªoºi; bohqov", ouj fob(h)q(hv)sªomaiº (Ps. 117, 6).17 Etwas jünger (ca. Mitte des 11. Jhs.) als unser Siegel sind zwei unpublizierte stempelidentische Bleisigel aus der Sammlung in Dumbarton Oaks. Die Inschrift erstreckt sich über beide Siegelseiten und lautet: K(uvri)e bohvqei tῷ sῷ douv(lw/) // Kwnstantivnw/ to Sarwnivth/.18 5. Νικόλαος γραφεὺς ἐκ τῆς Ἀβύδου Ca. zweite Hälfte 11. bis Beginn 12. Jh. Durchmesser 22 mm. // Dumbarton Oaks 58. 106. 3589; Shumen; Sammlung Zacos (unpubliziert). Ed: DOSeals 3.40.39; I. Jordanov, Corpus I, 1,2. vgl. auch W. Seibt, Rezension zu I. Jordanov, Corpus I in BZ 98 (2005) 130.

Av -^-|+SFRA|G.SLOG2|KLEIWS|.....|.. -^- +Sfragªi;º" lovg(ou") kleivous(a) ªtou' Nik(o)l(av)ouº Rv -^-| EKTHS|9AbUDW=|P.9NIXR2|.....|.. -^- ejk th'" Ἀbuvdou (kai;) pªeºnicr(ou') ªgrafevw"º. Die Legende auf dem hier vorliegenden Siegel wurde anhand der Parallelstücke rekonstruiert. Es handelt sich um zwei reguläre, paroxytone Zwölfsilber mit Binnenschluss nach der siebten (erster Vers) bzw. nach der fünften Silbe (zweiter Vers): Sfragi;" lovgou" kleivousa tou' Nikolavou ejk th'" Ἀbuvdou (kai;) penicrou' grafevw". 16 Sammlung Shaw (Katalog von V. Laurent) 1303. Zur Familie der Taronites siehe: N. Adontz, “Les Taronites à Byzance,” Byzantion 11 (1936) 21-30. 17 Eine Verifizierung der Lesung Laurents war uns nicht möglich. 18 J. Nesbitt, “The Seals of the Saronites Family,” in: Siegel und Siegler, 118, A. 6; vgl.: Prosopography of the Byzantine World (online), Nr. 20386.

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DIE BYZANTINISCHEN BLEISIEGEL DER SAMMLUNG KONSTANTINOS KALANTZIS

Die Formulierung sfragi;" lovgou" kleivousa scheint innerhalb der metrischen Siegellegenden nur hier zu begegnen. 6. Anonymes metrisches Siegel Ca. Beginn bis Mitte des 13. Jhs. Durchmesser 25 mm. // Zacos, Seals II, Nr. 788; Fogg A. M. 457; Zacos (unpubliziert).Von diesem Typus existieren mehrere Siegel, es ist allerdings sehr ähnlich aber nicht stempelidentisch sind. Ed.:  Laurent, Bulles métriques, 28; Konstantopoulos, Stamoules 121; N. Oikonomides, The Anonymous Seal, SBS 4 (1995) 72; Zacos, Seals II, Nr. 788; H. Hunger, Heimsuchung und Schirmherrschaft über Welt und Menschheit: Mhthr Qeou h episkeyis, SBS 4 (1995) 37-39 (im Folgenden: Hunger, Episkepsis); A.-K. Wassiliou, Metrische Siegellegenden auf byzantinischen Siegeln österreichischer Sammlungen (unpublizierte Dissertation) (Wien, 1998), Nr. 2.1 (im Folgenden: Wassiliou, Siegellegenden); Auktionskatalog F. Sternberg 25 (1991) 506; Auktion Sternberg Sale 6 (Juli 1994) 189; SBS 6 (1999) 158; Italo Vecchi Sale 13 (1998) 1315; SBS 8 (2003) 232; V. Bulgurlu, Bizans Kurhun Mühürleri (Istanbul, 2007), Nr. 223; Bild auf dem Umschlag von Hypermachos, Festschrift für Werner Seibt zum 65. Geburtstag, Hrsg. Ch. Stavrakos / A.–K. Wassiliou / M. K. Krikorian (Wiesbaden, 2008) (Stück aus der Sammlung W. Seibt, Nr. 235).

Av Die Theotokos als Standfigur mit dem Christuskind (nicht im Medaillon) vor ihrer Brust. Die Hände hebt sie in Deesis-Gestus hoch. Zu beiden Seiten der Gottesmutter befindet sich die Beischrift:

Rv

..|6Y5U HE|9PI|S - KE|C9I|9S ªMhv(th)rº Q(eo)u' hJ ∆Epivskeyi" ...L.|.A..9IRASEI.|....KEC....|9S9M9WSKEPHN|9K9A9M9W9PANA9G .|9Ep R..TEO.|...9DW ª+Ἀpºlªou'sºa ªceºi'ra" eijª" ejpivsºkeyªin kovº smou skevphn kajmou' Pavnagªnºe prªakºtevoªi" divºdou.

Die Legende bildet zwei reguläre, paroxytone Zölfsilber, von denen der erste einen Binnenschluss nach der fünften und der zweite einen Binnenschluss nach der siebten Silbe aufweist: +Ἀplou'sa cei'ra" eij" ejpivskeyin kovsmou skevphn kajmou' Pavnagne praktevoi" divdou. 81

Christos Stavrakos

Diese metrische Legende ist offensichtlich sehr beliebt bei den Byzantinern des 12. Jhs., denn sie ist auf einer großen Zahl von Siegeln überliefert worden, obwohl sich hier auch die von Hunger erwähnte variatio minima zeigt.19 Ιnnerhalb dieses Typus’ gibt es Abweichungen, die auf die Darstellung der Vorderseite zurückgehen. In allen Fällen handelt es sich um die Abbildung einer stehenden Gottesmutter mit im DeesisGestus erhobenen Händen, wobei die Theotokos das Kind entweder mit oder ohne Medaillon in unterschiedlicher Größe vor ihrer Brust trägt. Ikonographisch unterscheiden sich voneinander die verschiedenen Siegeltypen auch durch den Faltenwurf des Maphorions der Gottesmutter und durch die Handhaltung ihres grossen Daumens. Neben diesem Typus ist ein weiterer bekannt, der eine teilweise ähnliche metrische Legende bringt: +Ἀplou'sa cei'ra" eij" Qeovn, aJgnh; Kovrh, grafa;" ejmou' bravbeue kai; ku'ro" divdou.20 Im letzteren Fall ist auf der Vorderseite eine stehende Theotokos vom Blachernitissa-Typus21 dargestellt. Die Metrik der Zwölfsilber der beiden Siegeltypen weist eine innere Symmetrie auf, wenn auch in beiden Fällen der erste Vers einen Binnenschluss nach der fünften und der zweite einen Binnenschluss nach der siebten Silbe besitzt.

Schlußfolgerungen

Die Sammlung Kalantzis ist nach wie vor im Entstehen begriffen. Es war meine Absicht, an dieser Stelle, die ersten byzantinischen Bleisiegel daraus zu präsentieren. Der größte Teil davon ist zwar bereits durch andere publizierte Siegeltypen bekannt, doch hat jedes einzelne neue Stück seine eigene historische Bedeutung, auch wenn man es nur unter einem bestimmten Siegeltypus subsummieren kann. In diesem Sinne sind die Bleisiegel Nr. 1 und 6 zu verstehen, da wir auf diese Weise ein vollständigeres Bild über den Gebrauch von beliebten, häufig verwendeten Siegeltypen gewinnen, wozu beispielsweise die anonyme metrische Bleibulle zählt (Nr. 6). Ein anderweitig nicht belegtes Mitglied der Familie Taronites (oder Saronites) wird durch die Bulle Nr. 4 belegt. Hier handelt es sich um eine Erstedition dieses Siegeltypus.

19 Vgl.: H. Hunger, “Die metrischen Siegellegenden der Byzantiner. Inhalt und Form,” Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 125 (1988), 1-16 (mit 4 Tafeln); Hunger, Episkepsis, 37-39. 20 Vgl.: Wassiliou, Siegellegenden, Nr. 2. 1. 21 W. Seibt, “Die Darstellung der Theotokos auf byzantinischen Bleisiegeln, besonders im 11. Jahrhundert,” SBS 1 (1987) 50-51.

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DIE BYZANTINISCHEN BLEISIEGEL DER SAMMLUNG KONSTANTINOS KALANTZIS

Bemerkenswert ist das anonyme Kaisersiegel Nr. 2, das aus dem Blickwinkel der ikonographischen Darstellung bislang als ein Unikat für den Bereich der byzantinischen Sigillographie bezeichnet werden muss. Es beweist die hohen künstlerischen Fähigkeiten, die die Hersteller von Boulloterien am Kaiserhof von Konstantinopel in der frühbyzantinischen Zeit besaßen. Denn aus dieser Zeit, in der sich der Gebrauch vom Blei noch nicht durchgesetzt hatte,22 kennen wir ansonsten eher Kaisersiegel, die keine künstlerisch anspruchsvolle, sondern eher einfache oder sogar primitive bildliche Darstellungen aufweisen. Schließlich ist der Name Aijneiva", der vom Siegel Nr. 3 belegt worden ist, ein einziger Beleg für diesen Namen in der frübyzantinischen Zeit, der sonst gar nicht bezeugt wird.

22 Vgl. Seibt,

Bleisiegel, 33-34. 83

John W. Nesbitt An Unpublished Seal of the Patriarch of Constantinople and New Rome, Stephanos II (925-927)

To date no seal of the tenth-century Constantinopolitan patriarch, Stephanos II, has been published and so it is with much pleasure that we describe below and comment on an unknown example in an American collection: Seal of Patriarch Stephanos II (925-927) Private Collection (USA). Diameter 37 mm. Two halves joined together by solder in modern times. Punch mark on obverse and reverse. Unpublished. Obverse: In center, the Virgin Hodegetria standing on a dais, holding the Infant Christ on her left arm. Her head is turned toward Christ and is slightly inclined. The figure is naturalistically modeled: the tension of the Virgin’s muscles from holding the Christ Child is properly reflected in her hip thrust sideways and the right leg bent at the knee. A circular inscription, invoking the Virgin’s help, appears within a double border of dots. The legend is only partially imprinted, but it may be confidentially read as follows: +UPERAGIAYE-O..0K0EbOHYEI& No sigla. Reverse: An inscription of five lines preceded and followed by decoration: +&+|+STEFANV|ARXIEPIS0K.P|KVNSTANTINW|POLEVSNEAS| RVMHS&|+&+ Border of dots. ÔUperagiva Qeoªtovºke bohvqei Stefavnw/ ajrciepiskªovºp(w/) Kwnstantinoupovlew" N°eva" ÔRwvmh".

85

John W. Nesbitt

Two patriarchs of Constantinople bore the name Stephanos. The first Stephanos, the brother of Leo VI (886-912), reigned from 886-893. Laurent has published his seal.1 The obverse is decorated with a representation of the Virgin Hodegetria standing to front and holding Christ on the left arm. She is accompanied by a circular inscription reading Qeotovke ªbohvqeiº. On the reverse appears a legend of six lines preceded and (possibly followed) by a decoration consisting of a cross flanked on either side by a pellet: !+!|+STEFA|NVARXIEPI|SKOPVKVN|STANTINOU|POLEV SNE|ASRVMH2: Stefavnw/ ajrciepiskovpw/ Kwnstantinoupovlew" N°eva" ÔRwvmh("). No sigla or dais are present. Laurent’s attribution of the specimen to the first Stephanos cannot be doubted. The stiff frontality of the Virgin’s depiction shows that the object is to be dated to the period before 900. The specimen stands, for example, in stark contrast with a seal of his successor, Nicholas I.2 Here the Virgin, standing on a dais and with her head tilted downward and slightly turned toward the Infant Christ whom she holds on her left arm, is depicted as a mother engaged with her child. As on our seal a circular inscription begins with the adjective ÔUperagiva and, as on the reverse of our specimen, the inscription identifying the patriarch is preceded and followed by a six-rayed star flanked on either side by a cross. In light of the parallels between Nicholas’ seal and the specimen edited above we may confidently assign our seal of Patriarch Stephanos to the tenth century and to the reign of Patriarch Stephanos II.3 We close by observing one small, but interesting point about the obverse of Stephanos II’s seal and its design. The image of the Virgin is unaccompanied by the sigla 6MR-6YU: M(hvth)r Q(eo)u'. For the sake of comparison we call attention to Nicholas I’s seal, specifically the Vatican example. One notes that on this specimen no sigla flank the Virgin either. A different situation confronts us when we examine the obverse of the

1 The specimen is from the Reggio Museum (Calabria). See Laurent, Corpus V/1, no. 10. 2 Examples of this patriarch’s seals from the Vatican and Athens collections are edited and illustrated in Laurent, Corpus V/1 nos. 11 and 12. Nicholas reigned twice: 901-907 and 912-925. Laurent was inclined to attribute the two specimens to Nicholas’ first reign. We refer in our description specifically to the Vatican seal. On the Athens example the Virgin is shown enthroned. Laurent had previously published and illustrated the Vatican specimen in: Vatican, no.  153. Laurent’s photograph of the Athens specimen is not sharp. A better photograph is to be found in I. Koltsida-Makre, “Overstruck Lead Seals: an Approach to the Problem with Three Examples,” SBS 2 (1990) 55, no. 1. 3 We know that prior to his elevation Stephanos II served as metropolitan of Amaseia. See Skytlitzes, 221, line 81. He was enthroned on June 29, 925, and died on July 18, 927.

86

An Unpublished Seal of the Patriarch Stephanos II (925—927)

Athens example of Patriarch Nicholas’ seal, a specimen overstruck with the dies from a boulloterion belonging to a certain Julian, metropolitan of Seleukeia. Here, to the left of an enthroned Virgin, appears one-half of the sigla 6MR-[6YU]. The full identifying label is to be seen on the obverse of a similar example of Nicholas’ seal, a specimen in the collection of the Hermitage.4 What we may conclude from the seal of Patriarch Stephanos II is that at least through the first quarter of the tenth century it had yet to become customary for the figure of the Virgin to be flanked by sigla. The situation was, in sum, still fluid. Studies of the epigraphic and decorative traits of later patriarchal seals are hampered by the fact that no seal of Stephanos II’s successor, Patriarch Tryphon (927-931), has been published. Hopefully, in future, an example will surface, as well as one from the reign of Patriarch Theophylaktos (933-956).

4

The specimen is published in Lihačev, Molivdovuly, no. LXI.6. 87

Werner Seibt ÜBERNAHM DER FRANZÖSISCHE NORMANNE HERVÉ (ERBEBIOS PHRANGOPOLOS) NACH DER KATASTROPHE VON MANTZIKERT DAS KOMMANDO ÜBER DIE VERBLIEBENE OSTARMEE?

Unter den normannischen Abenteurern, die im 11. Jh. in byzantinische Dienste traten, ist Erbebios Phrangopolos, wohl Hervé, einer der bekanntesten, da er sowohl historiographisch als auch bereits bisher sigillographisch belegt ist.1 Ein Siegeltypus ist seit langem bekannt, Schlumberger widmete ihm einen längeren Abschnitt.2 Jenes Exemplar, das Schlumberger von Sp. Lambros erhalten hatte (und von jenem in Konstantinopel erworben worden war), befindet sich seit langem in Paris.3 Ein Parallelstück edierte kürzlich J. Nesbitt.4

Auf dem Avers ist eine Büste des Apostelfürsten Petros dargestellt, mit einem langen Stabkreuz in der Rechten und wohl einer Schriftrolle in der Linken. Das Haupthaar ist in Locken geformt, und auch der kurze Bart, der das Gesicht umgibt, ist gelockt. Etwas ungewöhnlich dagegen die Behandlung der klar erkennbaren Ohren (besonders das linke ist unten leicht nach außen gebogen). Die Beischrift lautet: ø|P|E-T|R|O2

1 Père Laurent, selbst ein Normanne, nannte ihn “le plus célèbre et le plus connu des Phrangopouloi”: V. Laurent, “Légendes sigillographiques et familles byzantines,” ÉO 30 (1931) 472, Nr. 8. Vgl. auch J.- Cl. Cheynet, “Le rôle des Occidentaux dans l’armée byzantine avant la Première Croisade,” E. Konstantinou (Hrsg.), Byzanz und das Abendland im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert (Köln – Weimar – Wien, 1997), 119-121. 2 Schlumberger, Sig., 656-660; Faksimile auf S. 659. 3 BnF 1193. Vor vielen Jahren konnten wir davon ein Photo erhalten. 4 M. Braunlin – J. Nesbitt, “Selections from a private collection of Byzantine bullae,” Byzantion 68 (1998) 170f., Nr. 12 (mit Abb.).

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Die Rv.-Legende ist auf 7 Zeilen verteilt, über denen sich wohl eine Perle (oder ein Kreuz) zwischen längeren Zierstrichen befindet. ERbEbIv|MAGISTRv|bESTH55=STR|ATHLATHTH|ANATOL HTv|9F9RAGOPv|Lv. Erbebios Phrangopolos war nach dem Zeugnis dieses Siegels also Stratelates des Ostens, mit dem Rangtitel Magistros Bestes. Das lässt sich ziemlich genau datieren. Wie Skylitzes berichtet, forderte Erbebios von Kaiser Michael VI. Stratiotikos Bringas im Winter 1056/1057 als Anerkennung seiner Verdienste die Beförderung zum Magistros, wurde aber unter wenig ehrenvollen Umständen abgewiesen. Auf Grund dieser Beleidigung begab er sich auf seine Besitzung in Dagarabe im Thema Armeniakon, sammelte dort eine Schar Normannen, die in diesem Thema überwinterten, und ließ sich 1057 auf ein sehr fragwürdiges Abenteuer mit dem türkischen Kommandanten Samuch ein, das aber schließlich mit seiner Gefangennahme durch den Emir von Chleat/Xlat‘ am Van See, Aponasar,6 endete.7 Sehr wahrscheinlich wurde Erbebios von letzterem an den Kaiser ausgeliefert, entweder noch an Michael VI. oder bereits an Isaak Komnenos. Das Siegel bezeugt klar, dass Erbebios danach, wohl frühestens von Isaak Komnenos oder spätestens von seinem Nachfolger Konstantin X. Dukas dann doch zum Magistros, ja sogar zum Magistros Bestes aufstieg und zumindest zeitweise das hohe Kommando eines Stratelates des Ostens innehatte. Vielleicht lässt sich damit eine Nachricht des Matt‘ēos Uŕhayec‘i (Matthäus von Edessa) verbinden, der zum Jahr 1062/1063 berichtet, dass ein P‘ŕangapōl, worunter natürlich Phrangopolos zu verstehen ist, der sehr ehrenvoll als „mej išcan“ (in etwa „großer Fürst“; Dostourian übersetzt allgemeiner „illustrious magnate“) bezeichnet wird, mit großer Heeresmacht in den Osten geschickt wurde. In der Ebene von T‘lcum 8 (T‘lmuc/Tulhum, nordnordwestlich von Amida), traf er mit dem Truppenaufgebot des Dux von Edessa namens Dawatanos (Dabatenos

5 Dass der Rangtitel Bestes im ODB (II 922) mit Vestiarites verwechselt wird, ist peinlich. 6 Es handelt sich um den (kurdischen) Marwāniden Naṣr ad-Daula Abū Naṣr Ahmad; vgl. E. Honigmann, Die Ostgrenze des byzantinischen Reiches (Brüssel, 1935),183, A. 6. 7 Skylitzes 484,41-486,95. Vgl. dazu J.- Cl. Cheynet, Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (Byzantina Sorbonensia, 9) (Paris, 1990), 67f., Nr. 79; J. Shepard, “The Use of the Franks in eleventh-century Byzantium,” AngloNorman Studies 15 (1992) 296f. 8 Vgl. die Karte bei W. Felix, Byzanz und die islamische Welt im früheren 11. Jahrhundert (Byzantina Vindobonensia, 14) (Wien, 1981), im Feld D3 links unten.

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oder Diabatenos)9 zusammen, und gemeinsam zogen sie gegen Amida. In den Kämpfen vor dieser Stadt kam der Dux ums Leben, was man Phrangopolos ankreidete, dem man vorwarf, er hätte sich von den Gegnern bestechen lassen.10 Bald danach ist davon die Rede, dass P‘ŕangapōl nach Karin (Theodosiupolis/Erzerum) zog (offenbar in Verfolgung eines seldschukischen Heerhaufens, der zuvor die Gegend von T‘lmuc geplündert hatte), wo er die Türken besiegte und den Kommandanten, einen Emir Isup‘/Usup‘11 tötete. Darauf folgt unmittelbar die Notiz, dass der Kaiser P‘ŕangapōl nach Konstantinopel beorderte und wegen der angeblichen Schuld am Tod des Dawatanos verurteilte und im Meer ertränken ließ.12 Obiges Kommando des Phrangopolos könnte sehr wohl dem eines strathlavth" th'" ∆Anatolh'" entsprechen. Blenden wir zunächst etwas zurück. An obiger Stelle erwähnt Skylitzes auch, dass Erbebios schon unter Maniakes in Sizilien erfolgreich gekämpft und sich auch in den Jahren danach in kaiserlichem Dienst sehr bewährt hatte. Ob Erbebios schon beim ersten Sizilienfeldzug des Maniakes oder erst nach der Rückkehr des Maniakes zu den Kaiserlichen stieß, wissen wir nicht; vielleicht gehörte er auch nur der Gruppe der Maniakavtoi an, die mit Maniakes nach seiner Usurpation auf die Balkan-Halbinsel zogen (1043), nach dem Tod ihres Führers aber in die kaiserliche Armee eingegliedert wurden.13

9 Vorname wird keiner überliefert; Siegel nennen für etwa diese Zeit einen Theodoros Diabatenos als bevsth" (Av.: Standbilder zweier Militärheiliger, rechts sicher des Theodoros, links wohl des Georgios), einen Niketas Dabatenos als mavgistro" kai; katepavnw (Av.: Standbild des Theodoros) und einen Leon Diabatenos, einmal als bevsth" kai; katepavnw, einmal als mavgistro" kai; douvx (Av.: jeweils ein Standbild des Erzengels Michael mit gezücktem Schwert). 1077/1078 soll ein Leon Dawatanos Dux von Edessa gewesen sein, von wo ihn Basileios Apokapes (im Auftrag des Philaretos Brachamios) vertrieb (Matt‘ēos Uŕhayec‘i 216 ed. Vałaršapat; 143 trad. Dostourian). Möglicherweise ist Leon identisch mit jenem Homonymos, der 1071 im Rang eines bestavrch" als kaiserlicher Gesandter zum Sultan Alp Arslan geschickt worden war [vgl. Bryennios, ed. P. Gautier (Brüssel, 1975) I 13, 109, 3f.]. 10 Matt‘ēos Uŕhayec‘i 142f. ed. Vałaršapat; 99f. trad. Dostourian. 11 Dem liegt wohl Yūsuf zu Grunde; vgl. Honigmann, Ostgrenze, 185, A. 9. 12 Matt‘ēos Uŕhayec‘i 144 ed. Vałaršapat; 100f. trad. Dostourian. Möglicherweise wurde Phrangopolos aber nur zurückberufen und seines Kommandos entkleidet, vielleicht sogar exiliert und bestraft, aber doch nicht getötet. 13 Skyl. Cont. 167,13-15 oiJ su;n aujtw'/ (scil. Maniavkh/) peraiwqevnte" tw'/ basilei' doulwqevnte" Maniakavtoi ejpwnomavsqhsan kai; th'/ ÔRwmaivwn polloi; ejnapevmeinan... Vgl. Shepard, 284 mit A. 38; B. Krsmanović, Uspon vojnog plemstva u Vizantiji XI veka (The Rise of Byzantine Military Aristocracy in the 11th Century) (Posebna izdanja, 24), (Belgrad, 2001), 105 mit A. 98.

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Ausdrücklich wird Erbebios als Kommandant der Normannen gegen die Pečenegen im Jahr 1050 erwähnt.14 Darauf könnte sich ein Siegel beziehen, das ich einmal kurz in Bulgarien sah, und das sicher in Bulgarien gefunden wurde. Nach meiner Notiz war auch hier auf dem Avers eine Büste zu sehen (vielleicht ebenfalls von Petros), und Erbebios erscheint darauf als u{pato", und das Kommando ST.ATH wollen wir eher mit strath(gov"), als mit strath(lavth"), auflösen. Hypatos war damals niedriger als Patrikios, und zwischen diesem Titel und Magistros lagen noch Bestes und Bestarches. Ob Erbebios eine dieser Stufen erreichte, ist nicht ganz sicher, aber doch wahrscheinlich – sonst wäre die Forderung nach dem Magistros-Titel sehr anmaßend gewesen.15 Ein Siegel, das ich kürzlich erwerben konnte,16 lässt die Bedeutung des Erbebios in völlig neuem Licht erscheinen. Dass im Auktionskatalog der Name als Erberios gelesen wird, ist belanglos,17 ebenso dürfte die Vermutung, dass das Siegel mit dem Feldzug des Manuel Komnenos gegen die Türken im Jahr 1070 zu verbinden wäre, in die Irre gehen.

Auf beiden Seiten findet sich nur Schrift: KE|BOHYHER|BE9BIvAE..|OS9TRAT.|.A9TH9D| IK|AIUPEREXO|.AK9AIFALH.|.ANATvL..|...9RA.. K(uvri)e bohvq(ei) ∆Erbebivw/ (pro)evªdrº(w/) stratªhlºavth/ divkai(a) uJperevcoªn(ti)º ajk(e)favlhª"º ªt(h'")º Ἀnat(o)lª(h')"º ªtw/' Fºraªggop(wvlw/)º.

14 Skylitzes, 467,5f. a[rconta tw'/ tovte tw'n oJmoeqnw'n. Attaleiates 35,12f. (Bekker); 27, 20 (Pérez Martín) spricht in diesem Zusammenhang nur von einem Lati'no", worunter aber doch wohl Erbebios zu verstehen ist. Vgl. Shepard 288. 291. 15 Cheynet, Pouvoir, 67f., Nr. 79 vermutet den Rangtitel Patrikios, was aber nicht durch Quellen erhärtet wird; vgl. auch Krsmanović, 250. 16 Seibt, 404; aus Auktion Münz Zentrum Rheinland 131, 11.1.2006, 1009. 17 W. Weiser, auf den diese Lesung und der anschließende Kommentar zurückgeht, wollte offenbar eine enge Verbindung zum deutschen Namen „Herbert“ herstellen. Phrangopulos übersetzte er ja auch leichtfertig mit „Frankensohn“, das Sonderkommando als „rechtmäßiger Machthaber des vakanten Ostens“.

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Zu beiden Seiten der jeweils sehr kurzen Kopfzeile Zierelemente. Paläographisch fallen primär die unten geschlossenen B auf, die im 11. Jh. an sich nicht üblich waren.18 Wie die Reste des Beinamens, die auf dem Siegel zu erkennen sind, genau zu interpretieren sind, ist nicht ganz klar, aber angesichts des so ausgefallenen Vornamens sind keine Zweifel am Namen möglich. Divkaia uJperevcwn bedeutet hier in militärischem Zusammenhang wohl „(außergewöhnliche) Befehlsgewalt besitzend“; uJperevcwn allein findet sich auch in einer langen Liste von Bezeichnungen (fremdstämmiger) Würdenträger verschiedenster Art im Zeremonienbuch19 und bedeutet dort wohl allgemein jemanden, der „Autorität hat“. Dass Erbebios von Magistros weiter zum Proedros aufstieg, ist in dieser Zeit durchaus glaubwürdig; damit zählte er bereits zu den ranghöchsten Generälen des Reiches. Auch dass er wieder als Stratelates erscheint, verwundert nicht. Ich bin mir allerdings nicht sicher, ob es damals im Osten weiterhin nur einen einzigen Stratelates oder gelegentlich doch mehrere gab, dass also auch einzelne Mitglieder des „Generalstabes“ bei kaiserlichen Kriegszügen, die nicht eine bestimmte Truppe kommandierten, diese Bezeichnung führen durften. Absolut überraschend ist allerdings das folgende divkaia uJperevcwn ajkefavlh" ∆Anatolh'". Das ist natürlich keine bombastische Umschreibung für strathlavth" th'" ∆Anatolh'", sondern verweist auf eine Extremsituation; offenbar übernahm Erbebios (sehr wahrscheinlich zumindest als Kandidat der Mehrheit der im byzantinischen Heerlager verbliebenen Offiziere) nach einer Katastrophe, die die Ostgrenze der eingesetzten Führer beraubt hatte, das Kommando über die noch zur Verfügung stehenden Truppen, bis der Kaiser eine neue Verfügung erließ. Wäre es überhaupt denkbar, obige ganz außergewöhnliche Formulierung, insbesondere ajkefavlh" ∆Anatolh'", in einen anderen Zusammenhang als die Katastrophe von Mantzikert zu stellen, als der Kaiser und einige hohe Kommandanten in seldschukische Gefangenschaft geraten waren, der danach ranghöchste Offizier, der Protoproedros Andronikos Dukas, die Flucht ergriffen hatte, und die militärischen Abteilungen, die nach Chliath in Marsch gesetzt worden waren, ebenfalls nicht zurückkehrten? Zu letzteren gehörte auch der Normannenführer Roussel de Bailleul. Krispinos dagegen, ein weiterer Kommandant der Normannen, der

18 Vgl. aber z.B. W. Seibt, “Ena musthriwvde" molubdovboullo twn arcwvn tou 11ou aiwvna sta Iwavnnina: Kouravtwr Bhtovl(h") kai; ∆Hghb(avtou),” Nicopolis B. Proceedings of the Second Int. Nicopolis Symposion (11-15 September 2002) (Preveza, 2007), I, 583-586; II, Taf. 393. 19 De cerimoniis, ed Bonn, II 46, S. 679, 7; im Kapitel Oi|" ojfeivlei oJ basileu;" ojnovmasin tima/~n toi'" megista~si kai; prwvtoi" tw'n ejqnw'n.

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später gegen den dann schon abgesetzten Kaiser eine wichtige Rolle spielen sollte, war zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch in Abydos im Exil. Erbebios könnte durchaus beim Feldzug des Jahres 1071 zum engsten Stab des Romanos Diogenes gehört haben, auch wenn er in den Quellen nicht ausdrücklich erwähnt wird. Attaleiates, der wie viele andere schleunigst die Heimreise antrat, als die Nachricht von der Gefangennahme des Kaisers zur Gewissheit wurde, kann über die Verhältnisse im Heerlager von Mantzikert ab diesem Zeitpunkt nichts Konkretes berichten, die von ihm abhängigen Quellen erst recht nicht. Wahrscheinlich konnte sich Erbebios jedoch nicht lange seiner neuen Position erfreuen, möglicherweise wurde er auch nicht von allen voll anerkannt; sonst wäre das Schweigen aller sonstigen Quellen doch recht erstaunlich. Vielleicht hilft hier auch das Beispiel des Proedros Paulos weiter. Dieser war von seinem Kommando als Katepano von Edessa ins Lager des Kaisers gerufen worden und übernahm nach der Gefangennahme des Diogenes und des Dux von Theodosiupolis das Kommando in jener Stadt, auch ohne kaiserlichen Auftrag.20 Erbebios könnte sehr bald im Kampf mit Türken gefallen sein, oder er mag vielleicht zu jenen gehört haben, die Mantzikert heimlich (und schlechten Gewissens?) verließen, als der Kaiser vom Sultan – früher als alle erwartet hatten – freigelassen wurde und sich zunächst dorthin begab.21 Weiters könnte es als kleines Indiz dienen, dass sich dem Diogenes viele Fravggoi anschlossen, als er in Dokeia/Tokat im Thema Armeniakon sein Lager aufschlug, was seine Position zunächst erheblich verstärkte;22 allerdings wurde – zumindest der Großteil von ihnen – später von Krispinos abgeworben. M.E. weist also unser neues Siegel darauf hin, dass der Normanne Hervé unmittelbar nach der furchtbaren Nachricht von der Gefangennahme des Kaisers und weiterer hoher Offiziere das Kommando über die vor bzw. in Mantzikert liegende byzantinische Armee übernahm; andererseits dürfte es sich aber nur um ein kurzes Intermezzo gehandelt haben, denn es endete sicher spätestens mit der Rückkehr des Kaisers Romanos Diogenes aus der selschukischen Gefangenschaft…

20 Vgl. Attaleiates, 168, 7-11 (Bekker); 124, 24-125, 1 (Pérez Martín). War Paulos vielleicht dem Erbebios unterlegen, als es um die Frage der Interimsführung der Armee ging? Andererseits konnte es sich auch um eine akkordierte Entsendung durch den „Kriegsrat“ und demgemäß in vollem Einverständnis mit Erbebios gehandelt haben. 21 Attaleiates, 166,10-12 (Bekker); 123,18f. (Pérez Martín); Skyl. Cont. 152,7f. 22 Attaleiates, 170,5f. (Bekker); 126,9f. (Pérez Martín).

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(M-2280)

(M-10721) Von etwas anderer Art sind zwei einander sehr ähnliche Siegel der Ermitaž, die auf dem Avers ebenfalls den hl. Petros aufweisen; in beiden Fällen scheint die Rechte des Apostels in segnender Geste vor der Brust gehalten zu werden, auf dem relativ schlecht erhaltenen Avers von M-2280 dürfte die Linke einen Kreuzstab halten, bei dem im Prinzip besser erhaltenen Avers von M-10721 ist ein solcher nicht zu erkennen. Die Beischrift bei letzterem ist O|A|GI|O|.-P|E|TRO|S, bei ersterem wäre eine leichte Variante denkbar. Die Rv.-Legende von M-2280 lautet: + ERbE|OSOFRA|KOPwL,O|GALLO. Darunter und wohl auch darüber je eine Perle zwischen Längsstrichen. Ob sich am Ende der 2. Zeile nach dem Alpha ein Kürzungsstrich befand oder danach das Kappa irgendwie mit einem Gamma ligiert war, lässt sich nicht sicher sagen, da hier Beschädigungen vorliegen; beides dürfte aber eher unwahrscheinlich sein.23 Beim anderen Exemplar findet sich eine Änderung: + ERbE|OSOFRAN|KOPwLO24|OGALL2.

23 Für Photos dieser beiden Siegel danken wir Lena Stepanova. Das Siegel M-2280 wurde bereits von V. S. Šandrovskaja vorediert (Sfragistika, 757); dort wurde jedoch auf die Identifizierung des Heiligen der Avers-Seite ebenso verzichtet wie auf eine Abbildung; als Siegelbesitzer wird einfach „Erbebij Frangopul“ namhaft gemacht. 24 Dieser Buchstabe sieht zunächst wie Omega aus, wir denken aber eher an ein oben plattgedrücktes Omikron.

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Wir sind von der Identität mit obigem Erbebios überzeugt, obwohl hier die dem Französischen sogar nähere Namensform Erbeos/Erveos gewählt wurde. Diese Siegel nennen weder Rangtitel noch Kommando (wahrscheinlich war Hervé damals „Privatmann“, ohne Kommando), aber immerhin erfahren wir hier, dass es sich um einen französischen Normannen, nicht um einen italienischen handelt, denn oJ Gavllo" ist sicher so zu interpretieren. Die genaue Datierung ist nicht einfach; wir tendieren eher dazu, diese Typen an den Beginn der byzantinischen Karriere des Mannes zu setzen. In der eben erschienenen Sammlung von – teilweise erheblich erweiterten bzw. verbesserten – sigillographischen Aufsätzen von J. - Cl. Cheynet findet sich die Abbildung eines (allerdings nicht sehr gut erhaltenen) Siegels der ehem. Sammlung Zacos, das sich heute in Paris befindet, das wohl auch obigen Erbebios nennt.25 Auf dem Avers allerdings eine Büste des hl. Demetrios, die metrische Revers-Legende lautet: + - ERbEbI|wS FRAGIS|MATwFRA|G9G9OPv|Lw. Wahrscheinlich stammt das Siegel aus den späteren Jahren des Mannes.

25 Cheynet,

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Société, 81, Abb. 105.

Jean-Claude Cheynet UN NOUVEAU BOULLOTERION DECOUVERT EN TURQUIE

Le nombre de sceaux mis à jour s’accroît constamment pour dépasser actuellement les 70 000 bulles. Le nombre de boullôtèria qui servaient à les frapper reste très modeste et n’atteint pas une dizaine d’exemplaires connus à ce jour, dont le plus ancien, celui attribué au césar Constant (336-337) est sujet à discussion, car il pourrait s’agir de coins pour faux - monnayeurs.1 Les autres boullôtèria datent des XIe-XIIe siècles. M. Haluk Perk est un collectionneur turc qui a rassemblé beaucoup de matériel byzantin. Il a du reste sollicité plusieurs savants turcs pour présenter une partie des objets remarquables de sa collection.2 Il a acquis au cours du temps plus d’un centaine de sceaux de conditions variées, dont certains ont fait l’objet de publication.3 Parmi les objets acquis ces dernières années figure un boullôtèrion. L’objet est assez curieux au premier abord, car les deux branches de la pince sont assez fines si on les compare à celles des deux boullôtèria publiés avec des photographies par G. Zacos et A. Veglery.4 Sa longueur complète est de 24,2 cm et est très proche du premier boullôtèrion publié par les deux éditeurs lui aussi de l’ordre de 24 cm et inférieur au second des boullotèria publiés qui dépasse 30 cm. La distance entre le point de croisement des branches de la pince et les mâchoires est de 5,3 cm. Il pèse seulement 174 grammes, alors que le boullôtèrion trouvé en Bulgarie pèse 2,5 kg.5 Cependant la nature de l’objet ne fait pas de doute, car il dispose bien de deux mâchoires gravées en négatif et de marques de marteau laissées au moment de la frappe.

1 N. Oikonomidès, Le boullôtèrion du césar Constant (336/337), trouvé à Beaumont-sur-Oise, SBS 1 (1987) 105-115. 2 Tuliya I, éd. Ş. Dönmez, Haluk Perk Müzesi, (Istanbul, 2005). 3 T. Gökyîldîrîm, « Halük Perk Müzesi’ndeki Konik Kurhun Mühürler, » Tuliya I, 231-246 ; V. Bulgurlu, « Halük Perk Koleksiyonu’nda Bulunan Dört Bizans Imparator Kurşun Mühüru, » ibidem, 251-260 ; et pour le sceau d’Atouémès Sénachérim, J.-Cl. Cheynet, « De Tziliapert à Sébastè, » SBS 9 (2006) 213-226. 4 Zacos-Veglery, I, ix-xi et pl. 1 et 3. 5 M. Robov – J. Aleksiev, « Boullotirion from the Cult Set of Buildings near Voden Village, Burgas Region, » Mélanges en l’honneur du Dr Vassil Haralanov, éd. I. Jordanov et al., (Shumen, 2008), 179.

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Échelle 1/2. Le diamètre des mâchoires est de 14 mm. Sur l’une des deux, qui constitue le droit du sceau figure une image, peu distincte, avec une étoile dans le champ. Sur l’autre, un monogramme est nettement dessiné. Il comporte un T surmonté d’un O au sommet, A à la base, M sur la haste droite et Ksur la haste gauche. La solution est certaine : Komita'. Le sceau peut être daté du VIIe siècle.

Le nom Komitas est bien attesté à cette date, mais n’est pas très fréquent. Il revient à onze reprises dans la PLRE. D’après les neuf occurrences de la PBE, qui prend aussi en compte les clercs, il est porté aussi bien par des ecclésiastiques que par des laïcs. En l’absence de toute fonction, il est impossible d’attribuer ce boullôtèrion au signataire d’un sceau connu. Dernier point, on pourrait s’interroger sur l’authenticité de ce boullôtèrion. Mais on ne remarque aucun détail suspect dans sa constitution. De plus, le prix modeste auquel il a été acquis suggère que l’inventeur de cet objet n’a pas eu conscience de sa rareté et de son intérêt. Il est donc peu vraisemblable qu’il en soit le faussaire. Il s’agit donc d’un modèle assez léger que l’on pouvait emporter, en cas de besoin, avec soi. 98

Seals Published (2002-2006) N. A. Alekseenko, “Pečati glavnyh logofetov iz Hersonskogo arhiva,” ADSV 34 (2003), 174-205. All seals were found in Cherson. 1. Proposed date: VIII/IX c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type V): Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Θεοδώρῳ uJpάτῳ καi; γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 1 on p. 201. Unpublished. 2. = SBS 8 (2003), 77, no. 2. Remarks:  Photo 2 on p. 201. 3. Proposed date: VIII/IX c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type V): Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Γεωργίῳ pατρικίῳ (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 3 on p. 201. Unpublished. 4-7.  Proposed date: VIII/IX c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type V): Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Θεοφιλάκτῳ β(ασιλικῷ) σpαθαρ(ίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθ(έτh/). Remarks:  Photo 4-7. Unpublished. Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 2546. 8-11. Proposed date: VIII/IX c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type V): Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Ἰωάννh/ pατρικ(ίῳ) (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 8-11 on p. 201-202. Unpublished. 12.  Proposed date: IX c. (second half). Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type V): Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Ἐpιφανίῳ β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpα(θαρίῳ) καi; γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 12 on p. 202. Unpublished. Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 55, no. 17. 13.  Proposed date: IX (second half)-early X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Φιλοθevῳ β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθαρ(ίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτh./ Remarks:  Photo 13 on p. 202. Unpublished. Cf. Laurent, Corpus II, no. 309 (middle of the IXth c.). 99

Seals Published (2002-2006)

14-16. Proposed date: IX (second half)-early X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Θεοδώρῳ β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 14-16 on p. 202. Unpublished. Cf. Zacos, Seals II, no. 309 (late IX-early X c.); Jordanov, “Pečatite na kommerkiarijata Develt,” Poselischni proučvanija 2 (Sofia, 1992), nos.15-21. 17.  Proposed date: IX (second half)-early X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on four steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Βασιλείῳ β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 17 on p. 202. Unpublished. Cf. Jordanov, “Vizantijski olovni pečati ot Pliska,” Pliska-Preslav 5 (Sofia, 1992), 282, no. 5. 18  = SBS 8 (2003), 79, no. 4. 19.  Proposed date: 843-middle of the Χ c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin holding the Child before chest. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: Ἰωάννh/ ajνθυpάτῳ pατρικ(ίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 19 on p. 202. Unpublished. 20-21. Proposed date: 843-middle of the Χ c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin holding the Child before chest. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: ...ῳ pατρικ(ίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 20-21 on p. 202-203. Unpublished. 22.  Proposed date: 843-middle of the Χ c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin holding the Child before chest. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: ...σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 22 on p. 203. Unpublished. 23.  Proposed date: 843-middle of the Χ c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin holding the Child before chest. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: Νικήτa/ pατρικ(ίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθαρ(ίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθ(έτh/). Remarks:  Photo 23 on p. 203. Unpublished. 24.  Proposed date: 843-middle of the Χ c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin holding the Child before chest. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: Νικήτa/ ajνθ(υpάτῳ) pατρικ(ίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθαρ(ίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτh. Remarks:  Photo 24 on p. 203. Unpublished. 100

Seals Published (2002-2006)

25-26. Proposed date: X c. (first half). Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Λέοντι pριmικ(ηρίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpα(θαρίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτ(h/). Remarks:  Photo 25-26 on p. 203. Cf. Zacos, Seals II, no. 209-210. 27-28. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Κωνσταντίνῳ pατρικίῳ (καi;) γενικῷ λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 27-28 on p. 203. Unpublished. Cf. Laurent, Corpus II, no. 312. 29-30. Proposed date: X c. Obv. Patriarchal cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Κωνσταν(τίνῳ) pριmικ(ηρίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) ojστιαρίῳ (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθ(έτh/). Remarks:  Photo 29-30 on p. 203. Unpublished. Cf. Laurent, Corpus II, no. 311; Seibt-Zarnitz, no. 2.1.3; K. D. Smyčkov, “Novye nahodki molivdovulov glavnyh logofetov X v. v Hersonese,” Numizmatika i sfragistika 2 (14) (Kiev, 2000), 29, fig. 4. 31-34. Proposed date: X c. Obv. Patriarchal cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Κωνσταν(τίνῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) ojστιαρ(ίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 31-34 on p. 204. Unpublished. 35-38. Proposed date: Middle of the Xth c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Νικολ(άῳ) mαγ(ίστρῳ) ajνθυp(άτῳ) pατρικ(ίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογο(θέτh/). Remarks:  Photo 35-38 on p. 204. Νο. 35 = SBS 8 (2003), 78, no. 3. Nos. 36-38 unpublished. Cf. SBS 3 (1993), 104-105, pl. V, 2-3; K. D. Smyčkov, “Novye nahodki molivdovulov glavnyh logofetov X v. v Hersonese,” Numizmatika i sfragistika 2 (14) (Kiev, 2000), 28-29, fig. 1-3; Zacos, Seals II, no. 242bis; Laurent, Corpus II, no. 317; SBS 8 (2003), 190, no. 37. 39.  Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Μιχαὴλ β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθα(ρίῳ) ejpi; τοu' χρυσοτρ(ικλίνου) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτ(h/). Remarks:  Photo 39 on p. 204. Unpublished. 101

Seals Published (2002-2006)

40-41. Proposed date: X c. (second half). Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Ἐλισσίῳ pατρικ(ίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 40-41 on p. 204-205. Unpublished. Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 196, reading of Jordanov (Preslav, no. 126) corrected by W. Seibt. 42.  Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Νικήτa/ pατρικ(ίῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθ(έτh/). Remarks:  Photo 42 on p. 205. Unpublished. 43-44. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Λέοντι β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθαρίῳ (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 43-44 on p. 205. Unpublished. 45.  Proposed date: First half-middle of the Xth c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type X): Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: ...mαγίστρῳ...(καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθέτh/. Remarks:  Photo 45 on p. 205. Unpublished. 46.  Proposed date: X c. (first half). Obv.: Cruciform monogram: Παύλῳ, in quarters: pατρικίῳ. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: τῷ Μονοmάχῳ, in quarters: καi; γενικῷ. Circular inscription: βασιλικῷ pρωτοσpαθαρίῳ. Remarks:  Photo 46 on 205. Unpublished. Cf. Jordanov, Preslav, no. 127. 47.  Proposed date: X c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Circular inscription: Ἀρχάγγελe βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Ε... βασιλικῷ pρωτοσpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) γενικ(ῷ) λογοθ(έτh/). Remarks:  Photo 47 on 205. Unpublished. N. Alekseenko, “Bulla patriarha Nikolaja Mistika iz Hersona,” Drevnosti 2004 (Charkov, 2004), 260-264. Proposed date: X c. (first quarter). Obv.: The Virgin Hodegetria enthroned. Circular inscription: ‛Υpεραγία Θεοτόκε βοήθει Rev.: Νικολάῳ αjρχιepισκόpῳ Κωνσταντινουpόλεως Νέας ‛Ρώmης. Remarks:  Photo on p. 260. Unpublished. Cf. Zacos, Seals II, no. 10b. 102

Seals Published (2002-2006)

N. Alekseenko, “Činovniki Balkano-maloazijskogo regiona na molivdovulah Hersonskogo arhiva,” Numizmatičny i sfragističny prinosi k’m istorijata na zapadnoto Černomorie. Meždunarodnaja konferencija. Varna 12-15 septemvri 2001 g. (Varna, 2004), 265-275. All seals found in Cherson. Only the unpublished seals are preserved. 1. Proposed date: 610-641. Obv.: In upper part Herakleios, Herakleios Constantine and Heraklonas (?) standing. Below figures: Θεοδώρου ajpo; uJpάτων κοmmερκιαρίου...κ...ο... Rev.: Imprint of burlap. Remarks:  Photo 1 on p. 265. 2. Proposed date: 610-641. Obv.: In upper part Herakleios, Herakleios Constantine and Heraklonas (?) standing. Below the figures there are traces of an inscription. Rev.: Imprint of burlap. Remarks:  Photo 2 on p. 266. Cf. Seyrig, no. 147. 3. Proposed date: 641-654. Obv.: In the center Constans II standing. In the field left and right vertical inscriptions: Σεργίου || Θεοδώρου. Circular inscription: ajpo; ejpάρχων (καi;) γενικῶν κοmmερκιαρίων. Rev.: Imprint of burlap. Remarks:  Photo 3 on p. 266. Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 135. 4. Proposed date: Late IX c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Dηmητρίῳ βασιλικῷ κανδιδάτῳ (καi;) διουκητh'/ Μυτιλήνης. Remarks:  Photo 10 on p. 269. 5. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Cross with tendrils on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Λέοντι ojστιαρίῳ βασιλικῷ δηαταρίῳ (καi;) ejpισκεpτιvτh/ τοu' ‛Ηεροu'. Remarks:  Photo 12 on p. 270. 6. Proposed date: Late IX-early X c. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Circular inscription: Ἅγ(ιε) Νικολάε βοήθει Rev.: Μιχαh;λ pατρικίῳ βασιλικῷ pρωτοσpαθαρίῳ καi; στρατηγῷ Θεσ(σ)αλ(ονίκης). Remarks:  Photo 15 on p. 272. Cf. DOSeals 1.18.72. 7. Proposed date: 920-940. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type XII): Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Ἰωάννh/ στρατηγῷ ‛Ελλάδος τῷ Προτεύoντι. Remarks:  Photo 16 on p. 272. 103

Seals Published (2002-2006)

N. Alekseenko, “Pečat’hersonskogo episkopa epohi ikonoborčestva,” Kul’tovye pamjatniki v mirovoj kul’ture: arheologičeskij, istoričeskij i filosofskij aspekty (Sevastopol, 2004), 4-7.

Proposed date: IX c. (first half). Obv.: Cross. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: Cross. Circular inscription: ...ejpισκόpῳ Χερσόνος. Remarks:  Photo 1,1 on p. 7. Found in Cherson.

N. Alekseenko, ”Defensor civitatis (ἔκδικος) i ego rol’ v upravlenčeskom apparate Hersona IX v.,” ADSV 36 (2005), 67-75. 1-3. Proposed date: Late IX-early X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on three steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Νικιφόρῳ β(ασιλικῷ) κανδιδάτῳ (καi;) ejκδήκου Χερσόνος ajmήν. Remarks:  Found in Cherson. Photo 1-3 on p. 75. Unpublished. N. Alekseenko, “Herson na Hazarsko-vizantijskom pograniče v načale IX v. Pečati kirov,” Bosporskie issledovanija IX (Simferopol-Kerch, 2005), 212-220.

Proposed date: IX c. (first half). Obv.: Invocative monogram, Laurent, type V. Tetragram. Rev.: Ζωίλῳ βασιλικῷ uJpάτῳ καi; κυρῷ/ Χερσw'νος. Remarks:  Photo 4 on p. 220.

N. Alekseenko, “Pater polisa Hersona i ego rol’ v imperskoj administracii v Tavrike,” Drevnosti 2005 (Charkov, 2005), 58-63.

Proposed date: X c.(first half). Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils on steps. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Σeργίου πατρός πόλεως Χερσόνος. Remarks:  Photo on p. 58. Unpublished.

N. Alekseenko, “Dožnost’ ek prosopou Hersona v strukture vizantijskoj administracii Tavriki,” Sugdejskij sbornik 2 (Kiev-Sudak, 2005), 7-11.

Proposed date: Late IX-early X c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Nikopoios. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: +Σεργίῳ β(ασιλικῷ) σpαθαροκανδιδάτῳ (καi;) ejκ pροσόpου Χερσόνος. Remarks:  Photo on p. 7.

N. Alekseenko, “Korsun’skie vrata – kak otobraženie kul’ta “svjatyh mest” v vizantijskoj sfragistike,” Sacrum et profanum I: Kul’t “svjatyh mest” v drevnih i sovremennyh religijah (Sevastopol, 2005), 11-15.

Proposed date: X/XI c. Obv.: City gate with a church. Inscription: Χερσῶνος. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Ἰωάννh/ pρωτοσpαθαρίῳ καi; στρατηγῷ. Remarks:  Photo on p.15. Found in Cherson.

104

Seals Published (2002-2006)

N. Alekseenko, “Vizantijskaja administracija na Vospore vo vtoroj polovine X v. (po dannym pamjatnikov sfragistiki),” MAIET 12 (2006), 364-370.

Proposed date: Late X-early XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Philip. Rev.: +Λέοντι β(ασιλικῷ) σpαθ(αρίῳ) (καi;) τρουmάρχι Γωτθίας. Remarks:  Photo on p. 567. Found in Kerch.

A. Gertsen, N. Alekseenko, “Vizantijskie molivdovuly iz raskopok Mangup-Kale,” ADSV 33 (2002), 59-65.

Proposed date: VII c. (second quarter). Obv.: Dωροθέου pατρικίου Rev.: (καi;) βασιλικοu' λογοθέτου. Remarks:  Photo 1. Unpublished.

A. Bryer, A. Dunn, J. Nesbitt, “Theodoros Gabras, Duke of Chaldia († 1098) and the Gabrades,” Byzantium. State and Society, in Memory of Nikos Oikonomides, ed. by A. Avramea, A. Laiou, E. Chrysos, (Athens, 2003), 51-70. 1. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: St. George standing. Rev.: Kuvrie bohvqei Kwnstantivnῳ prwtonobelisivmo to Gabra'/. Remarks:  DO 55.1.3208; DO 58.106.2496. 2. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin orans. Rev.: Ἰwavnnh" oJ Gabra'". Remarks:  Fogg 2055. 3. Proposed date: XII/XIII c. Obv.: St. George and St. Demetrios, standing. Rev.: In the center, monogram of Gabra'". Circular inscription: Ἰwavnnh" oJ Gabra'". Remarks:  DO 47.2.1155. 4. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: St. Nicholas and St. George standing. Rev.: Levonta Gabra'n dua;" aJgivwn skevpoi"/. Remarks:  DO 58.106.5687; Fogg 481. 5. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Levwn spaqarokandida'to" kai; cilivarco" oJ Gabra'". Remarks:  DO 58.106.2158. 6. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: The Virgin seated on a throne holding on her knees the Child standing. Rev.: Nikhfovrou sfravgisma Gabra' tugcavnw. Remarks:  DO 47.2.1156. 105

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7. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore. Rev.: Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Qeodwvrῳ douki; tῷ Gabra'/. Remarks:  DO 58.106.4974. 8. Proposed date: Before 1098. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore the Stratelates. Rev.: So;n oJmovnumon sebasto;n trismavkar to;n douvka Gabra'n a{gie fivlatte. Remarks:  Barber Institute (Birmingham, 0161B). Provenance: Trebizond. V. Bulgakova, “Sigillografičeskij kompleks porta Sugdei (materialy podvodnyh issledovanij 2004-2005),” Sugdejskij sbornik 3 (Kiev-Sudak, 2008), 296-330 (all seals with photographs). 1. Proposed date: VII-VIII c. Obv.: R.|0OUAN|AT Rev.: ... ejpiskovpou Ἀmavstrh". Remarks:  The name of the bishopric is dubious. 2. Proposed date: VII (second half)-VIII (first half) c. Obv.: ...Ἀnastasivou (?) basilikou' ... Rev.: ...|.0ASV|.0S. 3. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Qeofulavktῳ (?) ... kai; genikῷ logoqevth/. Remarks:  Perhaps the same personage as Zacos-Veglery, no. 2546. 4. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Rev.: ... patrikivῳ ... 5. Proposed date: VIII c. (first half). Obv.: Theotokos Hodegetria standing. Rev.: +Ἰwavnnou ejpiskovpou Cersῶno". 6. Proposed date: VIII-IX c. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: ...|.0KV|.KI 7. Proposed date: IX c. (second third). Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Grhgorivῳ basilikῷ spaqarivῳ kai; ἄrconti Cersw'no". Remarks:  Two examples from different boulloteria. Many seals of this archon were found in Cherson. 8. Proposed date: IX c. (70s-80s) Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Kwnstantivnῳ basilikῷ spaqarivῳ kai; ἄrconti Cersw'no". Remarks:  Crude letters for the inscription. Many seals of this archon were found in Cherson. 106

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9. Proposed date: IX-X c. Obv.: Illegible. Rev.: ... spaqarivῳ ... 10. Proposed date: IX-X c. Obv.: Ornamental (?) patriarchal cross on three steps. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Qeodwvrῳ basilikῷ prwtospaqarivῳ kai; genikῷ logoqevth/. Remarks:  Other seals from the same Theodore in Laurent, Corpus II, nos. 314-315. 11. Proposed date: IX-X c. Obv.: Indistinct patriarchal cross. Rev.: +Ἰwavnnh/ basilikῷ prwtospaqarivῳ kai; genikῷ logoqevth/. 12. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with short tendrils. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Nikolavῳ magivstrῳ ajnqupavtῳ patrikivῳ basilikῷ prwtospaqarivῳ kai; genikῷ logoqevth/. Remarks:  Other specimens edited by Laurent, Corpus II, no. 317. 13. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Levonti primikhrivῳ basilikῷ prwtospaqarivῳ kai; genikῷ logoqevth/. Remarks:  Reading dubious. 14. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: YEOD.|.V0bKA0N|PITK.8I|.LO|8G... +Qeodªosivºῳ basilikῷ kandidavtῳ (?) ejpi; tou' koitw'no" (?) kai; logoqevth/ tou' genikou' (?) Remarks:  Reading dubious. 15. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on four steps. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Kwnstantivnῳ basilikῷ spaqarokandidavtῳ kai; kommerkiarivῳ Cersῶno". Remarks:  Last third of the IX c. 16. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils. Rev.: 0O0S8I0O|.0LOI.HK...|0KOU..S8I0K...|RHOXER0SON|OSKE0T0O0R0T|ON0T...|0M.. ... Cersovno" ... Remarks:  0KOU9M9E0R0K...|RHOXER0SON|OS: kommerkiarhvo/ Cersw'no" ke;... 107

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17. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils. Rev.: Basileivῳ notarivῳ ajmivn. 18. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Ἰwavnnh/ spaqarivῳ kai; strathgῷ. 19. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +PE0T8R0O|NAS0P0A8R|...|0A... +Petrona/' prwtospaqarivῳ (?) ... Remarks:  Second half of the IX c. Perhaps Petronas Kamateros, the first strategos of the Klimata. 20. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal (?) cross on steps. Rev.: ... basilikῷ spaqarivῳ ... Remarks:  The end could be read OIAI|.TVRI for koiaivstwri. 21. Proposed date: X c. (second-third quarter). Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps with floral ornaments. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Ἰwavnnh/ basilikῷ prwtospaqarivῳ kai; strathgῷ Cersw'no". 22. Proposed date: X-XI c. Obv.: Indistinct. Circular invocation : DwL (?) Rev.: NIK..|..b|... Nikolavῳ (?) basilikῷ spaqarivῳ (?) ... Remarks:  Half of a seal in a bad condition. 23. Proposed date: X-early XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Theotokos or of a saint. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Grhgorivῳ basilikῷ prwtospaqarivῳ ... 24. Proposed date: X-early XI c. Obv.: Indistinct. Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: NIK|0Y.|V Nikªolavῳº spaqarivῳ (?)... 25. Proposed date: End X-early XI. Obv.: Bust of a saint (Kyrillos ?) holding the Gospel in the left hand, blessing with the right hand (?). Circular invocation: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Kurivllῳ. 108

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26. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Archangel standing in imperial dress. Illegible text on the left. Rev.: ...|...|...|M0HN0E|0A..8G|.AH0L ... Micahvl (?). 27. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Young beardless military saint standing: the hair reaches only up to the ears (perhaps St. Demetrios). Rev.: .0b0Y2|0SVD.|.0HFO.|STH.|... Kuvrie bohvqei (?) tῷ sῷ douvlῳ (?) Nikhfovrῳ (?) ... Remarks:  Very incertain reading. 28. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of a military saint or of a holy bishop. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei jIwavnnh/ prwtospaqarivῳ kai; strathgῷ tῷ ... Remarks:  The last word KAL or KLA ? 29. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Bust of a bearded military saint (St. Theodore?). Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei Ἰwavnnh/ primikhrivῳ kai; strathgῷ Sougdaiva". Remarks:  Patrikios is also possible. 30. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei Gewrghvῳ prwtospaqarivῳ kai; strathgῷ Sogdoiva" tῷ Mouselhv. 31. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Grhgorivῳ. Rev.: 0bE..|AR2=ST|.0T8G0SR|V.|... bestavrch/ (?) kai; strathgῷ (?) ... Remarks:  Perhaps a strategos of Cherson. 32. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Bust of the Theotokos Nikopoios (?). Rev.: .0E.0NT|NYUPPRI|0KA.TVR|...T0A0P8I0T|.0A8R=0TA0N|M0ART|0XAN0H Levonti (?) ajnqupavtῳ patrikivῳ ... 33. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of the Theotokos Hodegetria-Dexiokratousa. Rev.: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Eujmorfivῳ prwtospaqarivῳ tagmatofuvlaki kai; strathgῷ tῷ Pediashvmῳ. 34. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Metrical inscription: +To;n Melissino;n Micah;l uJpogravfw Rev.: Metrical inscription: ijllouvstrion kai; stratigo;n dou'lon Cristou'. Remarks:  Others specimens : DO 58.106.5666, DO 55.1.4051 and Zacos (BnF) 949. 35. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of Archangel Michael: Ἀrcavggelo" Micahvl. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Nikhvta/ tῷ ... 109

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36a. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of a military saint (St. Theodore stratelates?). On the left: O 0 -TR-0A Rev.: ... proevdrῳ kai; genikῷ logoqevth/. 36b. XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of a military saint (St. Theodore stratelates?). Illegible text on both sides. Rev.: Qeodwvrῳ proevdrῳ kai; genikῷ logoqevth/. 37. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of a military saint or the Theotokos. Rev.: Kuvrie bohvqei Qeodwvrῳ proevdrῳ ... 38. Proposed date: XI c. (last third). Obv.: St. Theodore standing: Ὁ ἅgio" Qeovdwro". Rev.: Bust of Theotokos Episkepsis (?): Mhvthr Qeou'. Circular inscription: +Qeotovke bohvqei Qeodwvrῳ tῷ Mavtzari. 39. Proposed date: 1081-1083. Obv.: Bust of a bearded military saint (St. Theodore?) Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Dabi;d ἄrconti Ῥwsiva". Remarks:  David Igorevič (ca. 1058-1112), prince of Tmutarakan. 40. Proposed date: 1083-1094. Obv.: Archangel Michael standing. Rev.: Kuvrie bohvqei Micah;l ἄrconti Matravcwn, Ziciva" kai; pavsh" Cazariva". Remarks:  Perhaps, Oleg-Michael Svjatoslavič, prince of Tmutarakan. 41. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: Bust of a holy martyr, holding a cross in the right hand. Rev.: ...|...|TO..|OMOK0A|.UKAN 42. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: Archangel (Michael) standing: Ἀrcavggelo". Rev.: .E..|.IKwM|0D0DIv|v0TvS|... 43. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: Bust (?) of a military saint. Illegible text on the right (?). Rev.: Metrical (?) inscription: Skevpoi" me Micah;l tῷ (?) ... 44. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: A bearded military saint standing. Illegible text on the left. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei Ἰwavnnh/ spaqarivῳ (?)... Remarks:  The dignity was perhaps spaqarokoubikoularivῳ. 45. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: Bust of a holy bishop. Illegible text on both sides. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Nikolavῳ. 46. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: Bust of a young saint. Illegible text on the right. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei Nikolavῳ ... 110

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47. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: A holy bishop standing. Traces of text on the left. Rev.: +KEbO|HYE8IMH|OUL8IV|... +Kuvrie bohvqei ... 48. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: Bust of a bearded military saint in armour. Rev.: .0KE|.H0Y8I8R0O|0H|...|... +Kuvrie bohvqei (?) Ῥomanῷ (?) ... 49. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII c. Obv.: Bust of a saint with a pointed beard (holy bishop?). Traces of text on both sides (?). Rev.: Letter " A ". Remarks:  Probably a tessera. 50. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII (first half) c. Obv.: Bust of a military saint. Rev.: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Nikhvta/ magivstrῳ tῷ ... 51. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII (first half) c. Obv.: Metrical inscription: +Sfragi;" Ἰwavnnou Rev.: Metrical inscription: tou' Nomopoivdato". 52. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII (first half) c. Obv.: Bust of the Theotokos Episkepsis: Mhvthr Qeou'. Rev.: SFRA|8IS0UA.8R|IAS0O0K0N|HIOD0H..|.IDTHS|.. Sfragi;" ... 53. Proposed date: XI (second half)-XII (first half) c. Obv.: Two military saints standing: the saint on the left is bearded (St. Theodore?), the saint on the right is beardless (St. George ?). Rev.: Metrical inscription: 8G8R0A..|.V.0A..0P|0DELFVN|SFRA8G8I0S|... Grafw'n (?) ... ajdelfw'n sfragi;" (?) ... 54. Proposed date: XII c. (first half). Obv.: St. George standing: Ὁ ἅgio" Gewvrgio". Rev.: Metrical inscription: Skevpoi" me mavrtu" Koskina'n Kwnstanti'non. Remarks:  Several specimen known (Laurent, Vatican, no. 182). V. Bulgurlu, “Halûk Perk Koleksiyon’unda Bulunan Dört Bizans Kurhun Mühürü,” Sevgi Gönül Hatıra Sayısı, ed. by H. Perk, H. Öztürk (Istanbul, 2005), 45-49 (all seals with photographs). 1. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Eagle with open and upturned wings. Cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: +tou' douvlou sou Ἰwavnnou. 111

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2. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram: Kuvrie bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: ª+Levºwntªh/º drougarivῳ + 3. Proposed date: VIII-IX c. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: +Qwmᾷ ajshkrh'ti"+ 4. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore: Ὁ ἅ(gio") Qewvdoro". Rev.: +K(uvri)e bohvqu to;n dou'lon sou Nikhfovro" oJ Luvko". V. Bulgurlu, “Halûk Perk Müze Koleksiyonu’nda Bulunan Dört Bizans Imparator Kurhun Mühürü (Four Byzantine imperial lead seals from the Halûk Perk Collection),” Tuliya I, Halûk Perk Müzesi (Istanbul, 2005), 251-260. 1. Proposed date: 1057-1059. Obv.: Bust of Christ ªἘmmaºnouhvl. Rev.: Bust of the emperor Isaakios Komnenos. Circular inscription: ª+Ἰºsaavkioª" baºsileu;" ÔRwmªaivwnº. Remarks:  Parallel to Zacos-Veglery, no. 86c. 2. Proposed date: 1059-1067. Obv.: Christ enthroned. Circular inscription: Ἐmmaªnouhvlº. Rev.: The Virgin (r.), crowning the emperor Constantine Doukas ( l.), both standing. Circular inscription: ª+Kwn(stanti'no") bas(i)l(eu;")º oJ Douvka". Remarks:  Several specimen known: Schlumberger, Sig., 421; Zacos-Veglery, no. 88a; DOSeals 6.78.2. Date: perhaps 1065-1067. 3. Proposed date: 1080-1081. Obv.: Christ enthroned. Rev.: The emperor Nikephoros Melissenos standing. Circular inscription: +Nikhfovr(o") aujt(o)k(rav)twr Ῥwmevwn oJ Melishnwv". Remarks:  Parallel to Zacos-Veglery, no. 99; cf. DOSeals 6.86.1 4. Proposed date: 1092-1118. Obv.: Bust of Christ. Rev.: Bust of the emperor Alexios Komnenos. Inscription: Ἀlexivῳ desp(ov)t(h/). Remarks:  Usually on the seals of Alexios, Christ is seated on a high-back throne. B. Callegher, “Sigillo di Leone Pereno, magister et dux di tutto l'Occidente,” One Land - Many Cultures. Archaeological Studies in Honour of S. Loffreda, ed. by G. C. Bottini, L. Di Segni and L. D. Chrupcala (Jerusalem, 2003), 371-372 (with photo).

Proposed date: XI c. (after 1067). Obv.: Bust of theTheotokos orans with bust of Christ. M(hvth)r Q(eo)u'. Rev.: +K(uvri)e bohvqei Levont(i) magivstrῳ kai; douki; pavsh" D(uv)s(ew)" tῷ Perhn(ῷ). Remarks:  Parallel specimen: Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 570.

112

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B. Callegher, “Un sigillo di Liutprando,” Anulus sui effigii. Identità e reppresentazione negli anelli-sigillo longobardo. Atti della giornata di studio Milano, Università Cattolica, 29 aprile 2004 (Milan, 2006), 59-68.

Proposed date: 751-758. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin orans with medallion, between two crosses. Rev.: Block monogram with letters: A I \ ¡ N U R b T (?). Remarks:  Museo Correr, Venezia. Liutprand dux or rex.

J. - Cl. Cheynet, Sceaux de la collection Khoury, RN 159 (2003), 475-512 (all with photographs). Almost all seals were bought in the province of Antioch by the father of the collector. 1. Basil II and Constantine VIII. The same type as Zacos-Veglery, no. 76; Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 18. 2. Romanos IV Diogenes, Eudocia, Michael VII, Constantine and Andronikos. The same type as Zacos-Veglery, no. 93 3. Proposed date: VIII c. (first half). Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram: K(uvri)e, oJ Q(eo;)" hJmῶn, b(ohv)ªq(ei)º. Rev.: ªNºikhvta/ ªuJºpavtῳ ª(kai;) dºroug(g)ªarivῳº. Remarks:  Parallel specimen : Zacos-Veglery, no. 3154. 4. Proposed date: IX c. (first half). Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type V): Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: ªGºeorgivῳ b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaqar(ivῳ) (kai;) droung(arivῳ) tªou' ∆Eºgaivou Pel(avgou"). 5. Proposed date: XI c. (middle). Obv.: St. Michael standing. Rev.: Qewdovr(ῳ) b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaq(arivῳ) (kai;) stratigῷ Ἀdavna("). 6. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Georg(ivῳ) kastr(o)f(uv)laka t(ou') Ἁgiv(ou) Dimhtriv(ou) or t(ῷ) Ἁgi(o)dimhtri(wvth/). Remarks:  W. Seibt [BZ 98/1 (2005), 318] prefers the second solution. 7. Proposed date: 1070-1080. Obv.: Bust of a holy bishop, perhaps Basil. Rev.: K(uvri)e bohv(qei) Basil(e)ivῳ proevdrῳ ª(kai;)º douki; t(ῷ) Ἀpokavpªh/º. 8. Proposed date: XI c. (end). Obv.: St Theodore, standing. Rev.: Basivleion sebasto;(n) (kai;) douvka sªkºevpoi". Remarks:  The attribution to Basil Apokapes is not sure (W. Seibt, ibidem). 113

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9. Proposed date: VI c. (middle). Obv.: Bust of the emperor Justinian I. Rev.: Micah;l Mariva" (?) Ἀreobivndou koªm(merkiarivwn)º Tªuvrouº. Remarks:  Parallel specimen, Seyrig, no. 141. W. Seibt (ibidem) reads HRIA, perhaps an Iranian name. 10. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram (type V) without inscriptions in the quarters: Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: Qeodwvªrºῳ dioªikºith'/. 11. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: In the center of the field, a camel with a rider. Circular inscription: K(uvri)e ªbohvqei tῷ sῷ dºouvl(ῳ). Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) M(i)c(ah;l) spaq(a)r(o)kand(idavtῳ) krit(h/') ejpi; t(ou') iJJppod(rovmou) (kai;) t(ou') Likand(ou'). 12. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: +K(uvri)e bohv(qei) tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Ἀbramivªῳº spaq(aro)Rev.: kaªnd(i)d(avtῳ)º ajshkªrh'ºtªi" k(ai;) ejkº pªrosºwvpou ª ... Remarks:  The owner of this seal was perhaps Abramios Apolethes (?) ek prosopou of Antioch [J.-Cl. Cheynet, Sceaux de la collection Zacos (Bibliothèque nationale de France) se rapportant aux provinces orientales de l'Empire byzantin (Paris, 2001), no. 7]. 13. Proposed date: XI c. (second third). Obv.: Bust of St. Niketas. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)ªq(ei)º tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Nikhvta/ koubikoul(a)rhvῳ. 14. Proposed date: VI-VII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin (?). Rev.: Cruciform monogram which is read as Eujtucianou' uJpavtou. 15. Proposed date: VI-VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram of ∆Iwavnnou. Rev.: Cruciform monogram of uJpavtou. Remarks:  Parallel specimen: Zacos-Veglery, no. 382. 16. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: +Toªrnºivkho(") ªsºpaqar-ª Remarks:  Perhaps (prwto)spaqavrio". 17. Proposed date: XI c. (middle). Obv.: +K(uvri)e b(o)hvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Rev.: Povqῳ p(at)rikivῳ to/' Ἀrgurῷ. Remarks:  Perhaps an earlier datation. 18. Proposed date: XI c. (middle). Obv.: St George, standing. Rev.: ª+ºK(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Cristwdouvlῳ (prwto)spaqa(rivῳ) ejpi; tou' cr(uso)(tri)kl(ivnou) (kai;) uJpavto/ tῷ Antiocivti/. 114

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19. Proposed date: ca 1071-1078. Obv.: +K(uvri)e bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ ∆Iwavnnh/ Rev.: basileopavtori tῷ Douvka/. Remarks:  John Doukas was the brother of Constantine X. Parallel specimen: Zacos-Veglery, no. 2684. 20. Proposed date.: ca 1070-1072. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin with the Medallion of the Child. Rev.: +Q(eotov)ke b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Kourseliv(ῳ) bevst(h/) tῷ ªFrºago/. Remarks:  The reading of the names is not sure. 21. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: St. Theodore standing. Rev.: +K(uvri)e ªb(ohv)ºq(ei) t(ῷ) ªsῷº douv(lῳ) Qeodwvr(ῳ) (prwto)spa(qarivῳ) (kai;) uJp(av)tῳ t(ῷ) ª..or(.). 22. Proposed date: XI c. (middle). Obv.: St. John the Baptist standing. Rev.: Q(eotov)ke b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Micah;l (prwto)spaqar(ivῳ) ejpi; t(ou') crusoªtriklivnouº. 23. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of St. Menas. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Ἀbramivῳ m(ht)ropol(iv)t(h/) Ἀdavnh". Remarks:  Laurent, Corpus V, 2, no. 1556. 24. Proposed date: 1142-1196. Obv.: Bust of the patriarch. Circular inscription : +Aimericus patriarcha An[tiocen]us. Rev.: Bust of St. Peter. Circular inscription: + Sigill[um] Sancti Pe[t]ri Apostoli. Remarks:  Several specimens known [e.g. G. Glücksmann and R. Kool, Crusader Period Find from the Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem, Atiqot 26 (1995), no. 5]. 25. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Circular inscription: +Q(eotov)ke bohvqei tῷ ªsῷº dªouvlºῳ. Rev.: Nikolavῳ monacªῷ... ºsiva". 26. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin with bust of Christ. Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Possible solution: Eujmolpivou. 27. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin with a crown. Rev.: Cruciform monogram of Megavlou. Remarks:  Several specimens known. 28. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin between two small crosses. Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Possible solutions: Damianou' or Aijmilianou'. 115

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29. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin with the bust of Christ. Rev.: Cruciform monogram of Kwnstantivnou. 30. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Holy horseman, probably Theodore, with a spear striking an animal. Rev.: Cruciform monogram of ∆Iwavnnou. 31. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Invocative cruciform monogram of Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Possible solution: Barsanoufivou. 32. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ d(ouvlῳ) Nikolavῳ. 33. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, orans, with the medallion. Rev.: +Q(eotov)ke b(ohv)q(ei) Ἀndron(iv)kῳ tῷ Lebounªavºkh/. 34. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: St. Michael standing. Rev.: In the center, monogram of Tornikivῳ. Circular inscription: +K(uvri)e bohvq(ei) tῷ ªdºouvlῳ sou Twrnivkh/. Remarks.  The same monogram is found on the seal of Tornikios Barasbatze (Seyrig, no. 63). Probably this seal also belonged to him. 35. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of military Saint, probably George. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Gewrgivo/ t(ῷ) ... 36. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with letters at the end of the arms. Perhaps a monogram to be read as Dabivdou. Rev.: +Grafa;" sfragivzw ª(kai;) lovºgou" ª...ºouª.ºavph/. Remarks.  Perhaps tou' Koujl(ev)ph. 37. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Greek cross with sigla 6I5S - 6X5S. In the lower quarters, St. Paul and St. Peter. Rev.: +K(uvri)e bohv(qei) t(ῷ) douv(lῳ) sou Tzotz.. Remarks:  Perhaps the Greek form of the Latin name Joscelinus. 38. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram. Possible solution: ∆Ennodivou. Rev.: The same monogram. 39. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin with the Child, between two small crosses. Rev.: Cruciform monogram with the letters A D e K N O U X F. Perhaps a deacon. For his name, no solution proposed. 40. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Block monogram formed on a P with the letters A e O U. Uncertain solutions: Pauvlou, Pelagivou, Ἀpelavtou. Rev.: Conic. Remarks:  Many specimen of this seal are known from the region of Antioch (Cheynet, Antioche, no. 141). 116

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41. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: St. Michael standing. Rev.: Cruciform monogram with the letters  A E Y R U. Uncertain solution: Aijqerivou. 42. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Perhaps a bust of the Virgin. Rev.: Cruciform monogram with the letters  D Y R U V. Probable solution: Qeodwvrou. 43. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin with a little cross on her chest. Rev.: Only some letters are readable: +..... |SKEP9E.|..... 44. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Bust of a holy bishop holding a little cross. Rev.: ªQ(eotov)ºke bohvªq(e)iº tῷ sῷ dªoºuvlῳ .|..9L9D Remarks:  The name was perhaps Baldwin. 45. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: The Virgin standing, holding the Child on her left arm. Rev.: +K9E..|R0O9CHM|...T.0Z.|..X..|.9v Remarks:  The name is impossible to read. 46. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: St. George standing. Rev.: Uniface. 47. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: St. Theodore (?) standing. Rev.: Another military Saint standing, perhaps George. 48. Proposed date: VI /VII c. Obv.: Bust of a Saint holding a spear. Rev.: Legend in Arabic (?) 49. Proposed date: XI c. Gold ring with a monogram with the letters  S e O R U. Probable solutions: Seuerivou or Sergivou. J.-Cl. Cheynet, “Note sur le comte et le paraphylax d’Abydos (VIe-VIIIe s.),” Famille, violence et christianisation au Moyen Âge, Mélanges offerts à Michel Rouche (Paris, 2005), 377-386. 1. Proposed date: VII c. (end)/VIIIc. (beginning). Obv.: ª+Kwnstanºtivnou bestivtor(o") Rev.: ª(kai;)º kovmito" Ἀbuvdou. Remarks:  IFEB 1012, ill., 379. 2. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: +Leontivou ijllª(oustrivou)º trakt(e)utou' Nhvªswnº. Rev.: +Leontivou ijll(oustrivou) (kai;) kovmito" Ἀbuvdªoºu. Remarks:  Zacos (BnF) 1369, ill., 379. 117

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3. Proposed date: VI c./VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram: ∆Iwavnnou (type Zacos 249). Rev.: +ªcarºtoulaªrºivou Ἀbªuvºdou. Remarks:  Zacos (BnF) 2830, Ill., 382. 4. Proposed date: VIII c. (first half). Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. Circular inscription: Qeoktivsªtºῳ uJpavtῳ. Rev.: +(kai;) parafuvlaki Ἀbuvdou. Remarks:  Zacos (BnF) 4344, ill. 383. 5. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: +Qeªoºfavn(h/) parafuv(laki) Ἀbuvd(ou). Remarks:  Zacos (BnF) 2683, ill. 384. J.-Cl. Cheynet, “Note sur l'épi tou koitônos,” Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie. Beiträge zur byzantinischen Geschichte und Kultur, ed. L. M. Hoffman et A. Monchizadeh (Wiesbaden, 2005), 215-225. In the XIth c., the epi tou koitonos were not always eunuchs. J.-Cl. Cheynet, “Les sceaux des impératrices à Byzance,” Auctoritas. Mélanges offerts au professeur Olivier Guillot. Études réunies par G. Constable et M. Rouche (Paris 2006), 397-408. It is a short study about the personal seals preserved of the empresses who run the Empire or who were only the wifes of the emperor. C. Chiriac, “Un sigiliu bizantin inedit descoperit la Oltina (jud. Constanta),” Arheologia Moldovei XXIII-XXIV (2000-2001), 343-348. C. Chiriac, “Un nouveau sceau de Grégorios Mavrokatakalon découvert à Oltina (départ. de Constanta),” Études byzantines et post-byzantines 4 (2001), 113-121. The same seal in the two articles. Proposed date: After 1081-1091. Obv.: St. Demetrios standing: ªὉ ἅgio" Dhmhvºtrio". Rev.: +Kª(uvri)e bohvºq(ei) Grigªorivῳº patriªkºivῳ ajnqupavt(ῳ) ª(kai;)º katepavnªῳº t(ῷ) Mªaºur(o)katªavºkal(on). Remarks:  Photo. Seal found in the ruins of a Byzantine fort near Oltina. We know ten other seals of the same person, some of them discovered at Preslav, Silistra (Dristra) and Isaccea (Noviodunum). C. Chiriac, “Două sigilii bizantine inedite de la Noviodunum (Isaccea, jud. Tulcea),” Arheologia Moldovei 25 (2002), 271-273 (both seals with photo). 1. Proposed date: XI c. (middle). Obv.: Theotokos Hodegetria: Mhv(th)r Q(eo)u' - Ἰ(hsou')" C(ristov)". Circular inscription: ª+Q(eotov)keº b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ ªdouvºlῳ. Rev.: Levonti mhtropolivth/ Laodikeivaª"º. Remarks:  Found at Noviodunum. 118

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2. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Bust of St. Nicolas: Ὁ ἅ(gio") Niªkovlºaªo"º. Rev.: ª+ºK(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) ªtºῷ sῷ d(ouvlῳ) Fwthvῳ (prwto)spaq(arivῳ). Remarks:  Found at Noviodunum. C. Chiriac, “The first Byzantine seal (6th - 7th c.) found at Ibida (Slava Rusa, Tulcea county),” Études byzantines et post-byzantines 5 (2006), 207-210.

Proposed date : VI-VII c. Obv.: Compact monogram of Filippikou'. Rev.: Compact monogram of patrikivou. Remarks:  Perhaps the general and brother-in-law of the emperor Maurice. Ed. of another specimen: Zacos-Veglery, no. 468.

J. Cotsonis, “The Contribution of Byzantine Lead Seals to the Study of the Cult of the Saints (Sixth-Twelfth Century),” Byzantion 75 (2005), 383-497 (with 14 photos). The author studied 7284 seals bearing religious figural iconography: Christ, the Virgin, saints, and Christological scenes. J. Cotsonis, J. Nesbitt, “An Eleventh-Century Seal with a Representation of Patriarch Antony II Kauleas,” Byzantion 74 (2004), 517-526.

Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Half-length representation of a bearded St. Antony II Kauleas. On both sides: Ὁ ἅ(gio") Ἀntwvni(o") ajrc(iepivskopo") Kwnst(a)n(tinoupovlew"). Rev.: Th'" m(o)nh'" tou' Kallivou. Remarks:  Photo on p. 521, no. 1 (photo no. 2: Antony's patriarchal seal published in Laurent, Corpus V/3, no. 1628). Related to the monastery of Kauleas (tou Kalliou).The seal might date from the period of the reign of Patriarch Kosmas I, who retired in 1081 to that monastery.

J. Cotsonis, J. Nesbitt, “A seal of patriarch Nicholas II,” Byzantion 76 (2006), 423-432.

Proposed date: 980-991. Obv.: The Virgin standing, holding Christ on her left arm (type Hodegetria). Sigla. Inscription around: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Nikolavῳ ajrciepiskovpῳ Kwnstantinoupovlew" Neva" ÔRwvmh". Remarks:  Gorny, sale 138 (7 March 2005), no 2674.

T. Gökyıldırım, “Bizans ımparatoru IV. Mikhael'in Kardehi Konstantin'in Mühürü,” Sevgi Gönül Hatıra Sayısı, ed. by H. Perk, H. Öztürk (Istanbul, 2005), 50-51 (with photo).

Proposed date: 1034-1037. Obv.: +Kwnstanti'n(o") provedr(o") domevstiko". Rev.: tw'n scolw'n th'" Ἀnatol(h'") kai; dou;x Ἀntioc(eiv)a". Remarks:  Parallel specimen: Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 35. Constantine was the brother of the emperor Michael IV. 119

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V. Guruleva, “Vtoroe obretenije pamjatnika,” Sfragistika i istorija kul’tury. Sbornik naučnyh trudov, posvjaščennyj jubileju V. S. Šandrovskoj (St. Petersburg, 2004), 121-129. About history of the gold seal of Constantine II, metropolitan of Russia (1167-1174). Remarks:  Perhaps a falsification. V. Guruleva, “Hrisovul Andronika II Paleologa v musee promyšlennosti i iskusstv im. D. G. Burylina (g. Ivanovo),” Vizantijskaja ideja. Vizantija v epohu Komninov i Paleologov (St. Petersburg, 2006), 31-36.

Proposed date: 1282-1328. Obv.: Christ standing. Rev.: Emperor Andronikos II standing. Remarks:  Gold seal. Photo 1 on p. 33. Kept in the D. Burylin Museum of Industry and Arts in the city of Ivanovo (Central Russia).

I. Jordanov, “Seals of Byzantine Logothetes of the Dromos (829-971) found in Bulgaria,” Pliska-Preslav 10 (2004), 287-299 (in Bulgarian; all seals with photographs, except no. 8, 9, 10). 1. Proposed date: 829-842. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqh. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Qeoktivstῳ patrik(ivῳ) (kai;) logoq(evth/) tou' drovm(ou). Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Develt, no. VII.12. 2-4. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils. Circular inscription: K(uvri)e bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvl(ῳ). Rev.: +Qwma/' patrik(ivῳ) preposivtῳ b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaq(arivῳ) (kai;) logoqevt(h/) tou' drovmou. Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Develt-Addenda, no. 6, 7, 7a. 5. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on four steps. Circular inscription: K(uvri)e bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvl(ῳ). Rev.: +Levont(i) magivstr(ῳ) ajnqupavt(ῳ) patrik(ivῳ) (kai;) log(oqevth/) tou' drov(mou). 6-8. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: +Qeotovke b(ohvqei) tῷ sῷ ªdºouvlῳ. Rev.: Qeokªtºivstῳ pªatºrikhvῳ (kai;) ªlºogoq(evth/) tou' drovmªouº. 9. Proposed date: 963-969. Obv.: +Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Levonti kouroªpaºlavti (kai;) loªgºoqevt(h/) tou' drovmou. 10. Proposed date: Ca. 970. Seal of Symeon magistros and logothetes of the dromos. No transcription. Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Preslav, no. 128. 120

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11. Proposed date: Ca. 970. Obv.: Monogram with rays. Circular inscription: +K(uvri)ªeº bohvqei tῷ ªsºῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Sumew;n magivstro (kai;) logoqevt(h/) tou' drovmou. Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Preslav, no. 129. 11a. Proposed date: Ca. 970. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore: ø-.E-O||D-V-RO-S Rev.: -^-|SUME|ONMAGI|STRO=LO|GOYETW|DRONW|-^12. Proposed date: Ca. 920. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqh. In the quarters: ªtºῷ sªῷº douvlῳ. Rev.: ªPºantªolºevonti uJp(avtῳ) ª(kai;)º (prwto)not(arivῳ) tªou'º drovm(ou). Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Develt, no. VII.13. 13. Proposed date: IX-X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Circular inscription: +K(uvri)e bohvqh tῷ sῷ douvl(ῳ). Rev.: +Ἰwavnn(h/) b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaq(arivῳ) (prwto)ashk(rhvth/) (kai;) (prwto)not(arivῳ) tou' drov(mou). Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Develt, no. VII.14. 14. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria. Circular inscription: +Q(eotov)ke boivqi tῷ sῷ dªouvl(ῳ)º. Rev.: ªἸw(avnnh/)?º b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaq(arivῳ) ejpi; tou' ªcr(usotºr(iklivnou) (kai;) (prwto)notªa(rivῳ)º tou' dªrov(mou)º. Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Preslav, no. 130. 15. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: ? +K(uvri)e bohvqh tῷ sῷ ªdouvlῳº. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: ...b(asilikῷ) sªpaq(arivῳ) (kai;)º proªt(o)notº(arivῳ) ªtou' dºrovmªouº. 16. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Cross. Circular inscription: +K(uvri)e bohvqei ªtῷ sῷ douvlῳº. Rev.: ªNikºhvtªa/ b(asilikῷ) (prwto)sºpaq(arivῳ) ejªpi; crºusot(riklivnou) ª(kai;) carºtoul(a)ªr(ivῳ) tou' dºrovm(ou). Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Preslav, no. 131.

tou'

17. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: +K(uvri)e ªb(ohv)q(ei) tºῷ sªῷº douvl(ῳ) Cªriºstof(ovrῳ) (pri)mik(h)rivῳ. Rev.: kai; cartoularivῳ tou' drovmou th'" Duvsew". Remarks:  Published in Jordanov, Silistra, II, no. 17; Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 26.11. I. Koltsida-Makre, “The Representation of the Eagle on lead seals and its Provenance,” DCAE, 4, vol. 24 (2003), 411-416 (in Greek). The article is about seals dated from the mid-sixth to the mid-eighth century with the representation of an eagle with open and upturned wings. After comparison with 121

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objects other than seals, the author concludes that this representation is a survival of the old Roman emblem and that the consular sceptre (scipio) was the source of inspiration for the representation, from which the image was isolated and used independently. I. Koltsida-Makri, “The Iconography of the Virgin through Inscriptions on Byzantine Lead Seals of the Athens Numismatic Museum Collections,” Thōrakion: tomos stē mnēmē tou Paulou Lazaridē, ed. by L. Kypraiou (Athens, 2004), 285- 294 + photos of 12 seals on p. 93-96 (in Greek). English version published in SBS 8 (2003) 27-38 with two other photos (no. 6 and 14). D. Koseva, E. Dermendžiev, “Molivdovul ot fonda na Istoričeskija muzej vuv Veliko Turnovo,” in Numizmatičny i sfragističny prinosi k’m istorijata na zapadnoto Černomorie. Meğdunarodnaja konferentsija. Varna 12-15 sepremvri 2001 g. (= Acta musei Varnaensis II) (Varna, 2004), 276-278. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore. Rev.: +Qeovd(w)r(o") ªspºaqarª(o)kºandi(da'to") ª(kai;) sºtrªathgo;" ... Remarks:  Seal found in Veliko Tirnovo. O. Kresten and W. Seibt, “Theophylaktos Exubitos (kein „italienischer Rebell des späten 10. Jahrhunderts”, sondern μέγας διερμηνευτής unter Kaiser Manuel I. Komnenos) und seine Siegel,” JÖB 52 (2002), 231-241. 1a-1d. Obv.: Ἐκσuβίτu σφράγισμα. Rev.: Bust of the owner. Circular inscription: Theofilactου. 2. Obv.: Ἐκσuβίτου σφράγισμα. Rev.: Bust of the owner. Circular inscription: Theofilactου. L. Maksimovic, “Trei" diaforetikev" sfragivde",” Klhtovrion eij" mnhvmhn Nivkou Oijkonomivdh, ed. F. Evangelatou-Notara and T. Maniati-Kokkini (AthensThessaloniki, 2005), 347-351. 1. Proposed date : XI-XII c. Obv.: +Tou' Ἀlexivou Rev.: douvlou Cristou'. Remarks:  Found in the forteress of Rason (Serbia). Seal of Constantine Dalassenos Doukas parallel to Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, 57. 2. Proposed date: XI-XII c. Obv.: +Ἀlªaºbhvnou douv(lou) C(rist)ªou'º Rev.: .A|...AR|ZvXV Remarks:  Found in the fortress of Rason (Serbia). The second line of the reverse is perhaps: SFRAG2 3. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: St. Michael, standing. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)qei Mic(ah;l) magivstrῳ (kai;) douki; ªpºavsh" Duvseªw"º tῷ Sar(w)nivth/. Remarks:  Found in the forteress of Bitola. Several specimen known: DOSeals 1.1.20. 122

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G. Manganaro, “Sigilli diplomatici bizantini in Sicilia,”Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte 53/54 (2003/2004), 73-90 (all seals with photographs). Revised by V. Prigent who provided the information given below. 1. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: Cruciform monogram (image turned a quarter down). Letters: A, D, K, L, O, P, U. Possible solution: Plakivdou. 2. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Ἰwavnnou. 3. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram: Kosma'. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: patrikivou or perhaps uJpatikou'. 4. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Illegible from the photo. 5. Proposed date: VIII c. (first half). Obv.: Cruciform monogram  (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. Circular inscription: +τῷ σῷ δούλῳ. Rev.: Floral pattern with two stars. Circular inscription: +Levontoς uJpavtou. 6. Proposed date: VIII c. (first half). Obv.: Cruciform monogram  (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. Circular inscription: τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Qeodwvrῳ. Rev.: Circular inscription: b(asilikῷ) spaqarokandidavªtῳº. In the centre: kai; oijk(i)s(ti)k(ῷ) or perhaps oijk(eivῳ) sk(rivbwni). 7. Proposed date: VIII c. (first half). Obv.: Ἁgiva ªTºria;" oJ qª(eo;)" hJmo'n ªbºohvqªhº. Rev.: Circular inscription: ª(kai;) fºuvlatte to;n dou'ªlon souº. In the centre block monogram (perhaps Staurakivou). 8. Proposed date: VIII c. (first half)? Obv.: [Ἁgiva] ⁄ Tria;" ⁄ oJ Qeo;" ⁄ bohvqh ⁄ tῷ douv ⁄ lῳ ªs(ou)º. Rev.: Block monogram around a N (perhaps a deacon). Remarks:  Trinitarian invocation and block monogram on a same seal. 9. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: +Ἰordavnou + Rev.: douvl(ou) th'" Qeotovk(ou). Remarks:  Zacos-Veglery, no. 1523. 10-11. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Ἰ+wavnno+u Rev.: +patrikivo+u Remarks:  Struck with different dies or boulloteria. 123

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12. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Q+eotovke boeivqh t(ou') d(ouv)lou s(ou). Rev.: Ö + Ö Ἰwavnnou ajpo ªejºpavrcwn. 13. Proposed date: VII c. (end) - early VIII c. Obv.: +Qeotovke bohvqh Stefavnῳ. Rev.: +ªajºpo; ejpavrcwn kai; mandavtori. 14. Proposed date: VII c. (middle). Obv.: +Sªteºfavªnºou patrikivou (star). Rev.: (kai;) stratiwtikou' logoqevtou. Remarks:  Zacos-Veglery, no. 1015 (last line: U and two stars), and Laurent, Corpus II, no. 532 ( U between two stars). 15. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Qeªotovke boªhvºqh tῷ dª(ouv)lῳ soªuº+ Rev.: Sergivῳ (?) uJpªavºtῳ (kai;) baªsilikῷ sªpºaqarªivºῳ. 16-18. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: +ADEODATI. Rev.: + P(res)B(yter)I. Remarks:  Struck with different dies or boulloteria. 19-20. Proposed date: VII c. (middle). Obv.: OPSINIU. Rev.: BASILICU. Remarks:  Obv.: BASILICU and rev.: OPSICIU. 21. Proposed date: VI c. - VII c. Obv.: Marini. Rev.: Marivnou. 22. Proposed date: 642-649. Obv.: + | THEODO RI Rev.: + | EPISC(opi). Block monogram: PANORMI. Remarks:  Cf. the seal of the bishop Felix (attested in 649) with the same reverse found in Carini (Palermo): C. Greco, I. Garofano, F. Ardizzone, “Nuove indagini archeologiche nel territorio di Carini,” Kokalos 43-44 (1997-1998), II-I, 658, and pl. 166, no. 1. 23. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: + Iohannis episcopi. Rev.: eccl(esiae) Cat(enensium). 24. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Qeodwvrῳ ejpisk(ovpῳ) Kat(avnh"). Remarks:  Other specimens from different boulloteria: Laurent, Corpus V, 1, no. 894 and G. Libertini, ASSO 1932, 50 = Scritti su Catania antica, ed. G. Rizza, (Rotary Club Catania, 1981), 99-100 (see A. M. Fallico, “Recenti apporti alle testimonianze sugli abitati nella Sicilia orientale,” Byzantina- Sicula 4 [Palermo, 2002] 703). 124

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25. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Mamavlou hJgumhvnou Baivwn. Remarks:  Monastery of St. Peter ad Baias (Siracusa). 26. Proposed date: VIII c. (end)? Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Ἀnastasivῳ uJp(avtῳ) k(ai;) b(asilikῷ) spªaºqaroka(ndidavtῳ) ajmhvn. 27. Proposed date: VIII c. (end)? Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: .... ⁄ ..a... ⁄ w uJp(avtῳ) sp(aqaro)ka(ndidavtῳ) k(ai;) b(asilikῷ) ajªsaºpavnh/. Remarks:  Zacos-Veglery, no. 2232 reads ajsavbani. The function is attested on a sicilian inscription. 28. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: Stefavnῳ. Rev.: + basilikῷ spaqarivῳ + 29. Proposed date: Around 800. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Gewrgivῳ b(asilikῷ) spaqarivῳ. 30. Proposed date: VIII c.? Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Gewrgivῳ b(asilikῷ) mand(avtori). 31. Proposed date: Around 800. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Grhªgºwrivῳ protostravtorh/. 32. Proposed date: VIII c.? Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Maurikivῳ b(asili)kῷ spaªqaºrivῳ. 33. Proposed date: IX c. (first half). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Qeokªtºivstῳ uJpav(tῳ) kai; b(asilikῷ) spaq(aro)kand(idavtῳ). 125

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34. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: [+Qºeofavnei uJp(avtῳ) sp(aqarivῳ) k(ai;) b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaqarªivῳº. 34bis. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Qeofivlῳ uJpavtῳ. 35. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: [+] Qeofulavktou drog(garivou) + 35bis. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Kosma/' ejpi; tw'n dehvsewn Sikeliva". 36. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Ἀndrevou ejpi; tw'n dehvsewn. 37. Proposed date: IX c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Kuritzivῳ basilikῷ pistikῷ. 37bis. Proposed date: VIII c. (end). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Kwnªstºantivnªῳº ejpi; tw'ªnº de(hvsewn). 38. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: [+] Levonto" uJpavt(ou) ªb(asilikou')º spa(qaro)k(andidavtou) (kai;) dioik(htou'). 39. Proposed date: VII/VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: + Leon ⁄ tivῳ b(asilikῷ) spa(qarivῳ) ⁄ (kai;) dioikith/' ⁄ Sikel(iva"). 39bis. Proposed date: VII/VIII c.? Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ douvlῳ sou. Rev.: + Levonto" kovmhto" + 126

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40. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ (?). Rev.: Maurikivῳ ajpo; ejpavrcwn. 40bis. Proposed date: VIII c. (end). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Micah;ªlº b(asilikῷ) spaqaªr(ivῳ) or b(asiliko;n) spaqavªr(ion) (kai;)º kovmita (th'") kovªrt(h)º" ªSºhkªeliva"º. Remarks:  Zacos-Veglery, no. 2201. 41. Proposed date: IX c. (early). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Plouthvnou kovmh(to") to'n ajgelw'n. 42. Proposed date: VIII c. (second half). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Staurakivῳ uJp(avtῳ) kai; b(asilikῷ) sp(a)q(aro)kªaºndidavt(ῳ)+. Remarks:  A and U in Staurakios are joined. 42bis. Proposed date: VIII c. (early). Obv.: Kuvrie oJ Qeo;" bohvqi. Rev.: Fwtinῷ uJpavtῳ basil(ikῷ) spaqarivῳ. 43. Proposed date: IX c. (early). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Qeofavnei (prwto)notarivῳ. 44. Proposed date: VI/VII c. Obv.: Bust of Christ. Rev.: Cross potent on two or three steps. Circular inscription: [Kwnsºtantivnou (prwto)not(arivou) ajmhvn. Remarks:  Perhaps better reading, but also dubious: Konstantªivnῳ koºmhvth/. 45. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: +ANASTASII+ Rev.: +NOTARII+ 46. Proposed date: VIII c. (early). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: [Ἀlºeªxavºndrou not(arivou) ajmhvn. 46bis. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Eujfhmivῳ notarivῳ ajmhvn. 47. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Qeoªfºulavktªῳº notarivªῳº ajmhvn. 127

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48. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (probably type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: +Kuvrou notarivou. 49. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Levonti not(arivῳ) ajmhvn. 49bis. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Ornamental pattern. | Inscription: Levwnt(i) notarhv(ῳ) ajmhvn. Remarks:  Two other seals of sicilian notarii named Leo (from different boulloteria) belong to the same collection. Other reading: Pantolevonti. 50. Proposed date: VII c. (end)- early VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Nhªkºhvta nªotºarivῳ ªajºmh;n gevnoi(to). 51. Proposed date: VIII c. (early). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. Unclear circular inscription. Rev.: .hco .ῳ notarivῳ ajmhvn (perhaps) Nhkoªlºavῳ. 52. Proposed date: Amorian period. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +ªPºanqhªrivºῳ patr(ikivῳ) (kai;) stra(thgῷ) Siªkeºliv(a"). 53. Proposed date: IX c. (second decade). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Grhgorivῳ patrikivῳ (kai;) strathgῷ Sikeliva". 54. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Da(uiv)di patrik(ivῳ) b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spa(qarivῳ) (kai;) strat(hgῷ) Siªkeºl(iva"). Remarks:  DOSeals 1.5.16. 55. Proposed date: Amorian period; IX c. (end of the third decade). Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: [+] Kwnªstºantivnῳ pªatºrik(ivῳ) b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spa(qarivῳ) (kai;) strathgῷ Sikell(iva"). Remarks:  LL is characteristic of the seals of this strategos. DOSeals 1.5.10 a-b. 56. Proposed date: VIII c. (early). Obv.: +Qeodovtῳ b(asilikῷ) (pr)otwspaq(arivῳ) ajmhvn. Rev.: +Sergivῳ patrikivῳ (kai;) strathgῷ+ Remarks:  In fact, the two faces don’t belong to the same seal. 128

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57. Proposed date: VIII c. (early). Obv.: + ⁄ Kuvrie ⁄ oJ Qeo;" ⁄ bohvqei ⁄ + (image turned upside down). Rev.: + ⁄ Sergivῳ patrikivªῳº (kai;) straªtºhgῷ + Remarks:  # for kai;. 58. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: + Sisinnakivῳ b(asilikῷ) spaq(arivῳ) (kai;) kovmhti th'" kªovrt(h") Sºikeliv(a"). Remarks:  Another seal in the Museum of Syracuse, Inv. 47 103. For the same reading and alternative date see also W. Seibt [BZ 99/2 (2006), 854: kovmh" t. kovrth" Sikeliva", IX c. (first half)]. See also M. Braunlin, J. Nesbitt, “Selection from a Private Collection of Byzantine Bullae,” Byzantion 68 (1998) no. 25. 59. Proposed date: XI c. (middle). Obv.: Bust of Theotokos orans with medallion of Christ: M(hvth)r Q(eo)u'. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ d(ouv)l(ῳ) Goulhevlmo patrikivῳ. Remarks:  For the same reading see also W. Seibt [BZ 99/2 (2006), 854: Goulhevlmo" patrivkio", XI c. (second half)]. 60. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Heads of St. Peter and St. Paul facing each other. Rev.: Not read (inscription of five lines). 60bis. Proposed date: No date. Obv.: Heads of St. Peter and St. Paul facing each other. Rev.: Block monogram: not read. 61. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei. In the quarters: tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: +Qeofavnou(") ajmhvn. Remarks:  Otherg reading: +Qeofavnou(") b(asilikou') mandavt(oro"). Seal cut into the shape of a cross. For an another example, see Schlumberger, Sig., 548. 62. Proposed date: 1072-1073. Obv.: St. Demetrius standing. Rev.: K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ douvl(ῳ) Ἰwsi;f proevdrῳ (kai;) douki; th'" Ἀntioceiva" tῷ Tracaniwvti. Remarks:  Parallel specimen: J. G. Leontiades, Die Tarchaneiotai. Eine prosopographisch-sigillographische Studie (Thessaloniki, 1998), 44. Mention of a seal found or noted around 1980 in the region of Syracuse with the inscription: +Ἰwavnnh/ ajrchepiskovpῳ Ἐfevsou. From a lost collection a seal with a cruciform monogram on the obverse, and on the reverse: +Qeogªoºnivῳ tourmavrch/ Ἑllavdo". 129

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J. W. Nesbitt, “Doge Orio Mastropietro (1178-1192) and Kalenderhane Camii,” Thesaurismata 33 (2003), 9-13 (with photo).

Proposed date: 1178-1192. Obv.: St. Mark seated at right and the Doge standing at left. Behind St. Mark: -CVS, behind the Doge: MASTROPET, in front of the Doge: D[VX]. Rev.: Mastropet(rus) d(e)i gr(atia) Venetie, Dalmatie, Chroati(e) dux. Remarks:  Found in Kalenderhane. In the author's opinion the seal relates to the massacre of Latins in 1182, when a Venetian fled to Kalenderhane, carrying with him a document bearing the Doge's seal, or he was living there when he received an official document.

J. W. Nesbitt, “A Seal of Richard the Constable,” Thesaurismata 37 (2007) 61-64 (with photo).

Proposed date: Ca. 1100. Obv.: Mounted warrior armed with a lance. Rev.: In the center, bust of a Saint without identification. Circular inscription: +K(uvri)e bohvqh ÔRi(k)avrd(ῳ) konosta(u'lo").

M. Nichanian, V. Prigent, “Les stratèges de Sicile. De la naissance du thème au règne de Léon V,” REB 61 (2003), 97-141. 1. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: +Kuvrie oJ Qeo;ª"º bohvqªeiº Rev.: +ªQeodºwvrῳ ªpºatrªik(ivῳ)º (kai;) strªatºhg(ῷ). 2. Proposed date: 717. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: ª+Pauvºlῳ ªpºatrik(ivῳ) ªb(asilikῷ)º (prwto)spaq(arivῳ) (kai;) strat(hgῷ) Sikeliv(a"). 3. Proposed date: 717. Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: ª+Sergºivῳ ªpaºtrikivῳ ª(kai;) sºtrat(hgῷ) ªSiºkel(iva"). 4. Proposed date: VIII c. (beginning). Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type Laurent V): Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: ª+Qºeognªwvstºῳ b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaqª(arivῳ) (kai;) sºtrathgªῷº Sikelivªa(")º. Y. Nikolaou, “The Two Lead Seals in the Elias Kantas Collection,” Nomismatika Chronika 23 (2004), 55-58 (Greek and English version). 1. Proposed date: XII c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of the Theotokos orans holding the Christ child: Mhv(th)r Q(eo)u'. Rev.: +Mhv(th)r Q(eo)u' skevpe to;n ªso;ºn dou'lon ªseºbasto;n ªtºo;n Glaba'n Gewvrgion. Remarks:  Photo on p. 56. Several other exemplars are known (cf. Jordanov, Corpus II, nos. 142-143). 130

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2. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of the Theotokos holding the Christ child: Mhv(th)r Q(eo)u'. Circular inscription: Q(eotov)ke b(ohv)q(ei) E j pifanivo/ p(at)ri(kivῳ). Rev.: Bust of St. Eustratios: Ὁ ἅ(gio") Eujstr(av)tio". Circular inscription: + ªajnºqupavtῳ oJ Pentaktevnh". Remarks:  Photo on p. 58. Several other exemplars known (cf. Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 97). I. Papangelos, H Aqwnikhv monhv Zugouv (Thessaloniki, 2005), 35-36. Three seals were found: a seal of the emperor Botaneiates, another of John, an official, and the third one:

Proposed date : X/XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. John Chrysostomos. Rev.: +Ἀqanavsio" tapeino;" (mona)c(ov"). Remarks:  Found in the monastery of Zygos (Athos). The seal belonged probably to the founder of the Lavra.

C. Perassi, “Pesi monetali bizantini in vetro dal territorio siciliano,” Byzantino- Sicula 4 (Palermo 2002), 439-474 (with 11 images). Weights with cruciform monogram (Qeodwvrou, Kwn?, Nikolavou, Flwrentivou or Flwrentivnou); with block monogram (Pauvlou); with block monogram (Ἀkulivnou ?, or more likely Nikolavou) and circular inscription (ejpavrcou povlew"); with right-to-left inscription (Nhkhfovrou); with bust and circular inscription (ejpi; Levwnto" ejpavrc(ou), Droserivou ejpavrcou, Sergivou); “Arab-Byzantine” weights. M. Polychronaki, “Late Byzantine Lead Seals from the Demetrios Economopoulos Collection,” Museum of Byzantine Culture 12 (2005), 67-72 (in Greek), 73-76 (in English), 77-80 (in French). 1. New specimen of a seal of the empress Theodora Doukaina Palaiologina (= Zacos-Veglery, no. 122). 2. New specimen of a seal of the emperor Andronikos II (= Zacos-Veglery, no. 124b). 3. New specimen of a seal of the Theoskepastos Nunnery of Trebizond (= Zacos II, no. 790). These three seals are probably metallic copies. M. Polychronaki, “General Katakalon Kekaumenos, A Seal donated to the Museum of Byzantine Culture,” Museum of Byzantine Culture 13 (2006), 100106 (in Greek), 107-110 (in English), 111-115 (in French). A new seal in excellent condition of Katakalon Kekaumenos, magistros and duke of Antioch. V. Prigent, “Les évêchés byzantins de la Calabre septentrionale au VIIIe siècle,” Mélanges de l’École française de Rome. Moyen Âge 114 (2002/2), 931-953.

Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram (Laurent V) with tetragram: Qeotovke bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlῳ. Rev.: Ἀnastasivou ajrciepiskovpou Nikopwvlew". Ἀmhvn. Remarks:  Reggio, Museo archeologico, inv. 69/15 // Reggio, Museo archeologico, inv. 8082. 131

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V. Prigent, “Ek prosôpou et stratèges, notes sur les subordonnés du catépan d’Italie,” Archivo storico per la Calabria e la Lucania 70 (Rome, 2003), 5-26. 1. Proposed date: XI c. (middle). Obv.: Bust of a saint. Rev.: ª...º (prwto)sªpaqavr(io")º (kai;) stratªhºgw'ti" Tranou'. Remarks:  IFEB 1014 A, B.; stratªhºgῷ ti'" Tranou'. 2. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of the Virgin orans with medallion. Rev.: Q(eotov)ke bohvqh Nikhfovr(ῳ) ejk prw(swv)po(u) ÔRhgiv(ou). Remarks:  Reggio, Museo archeologico, inv. 70/9. V. Prigent, “La carrière du tourmarque Euphèmios, basileus des Romains,” Histoire et culture dans l’Italie byzantine. Acquis et nouvelles recherches (École française de Rome, 363) (Rome, 2006), 279-317. Proposed date: 826-828. Obv.: The Virgin Hodegetria, standing, between two monograms: ÔH ÔAgiva - Mariva. Rev.: Eufhmios ec Qeou' [p]istos basileus Romaion. Remarks:  Museo Salinas, 38233 (perhaps falsification according to W. Seibt). V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Pečati titulovannyh ženščin Vizantii,” ADSV 33 (2002), 89-101. 1. Proposed date: IX c. (first half). Obv.: Inscribed cruciform invocative monogram (type V): Θεοτόκε βοήθει τh' σh/' δούλh/ Rev.: Θεοκτίστης ζοστh'ς pατρικίας καi; peνθερa'ς τοu' βασιλέως. Remarks:  M-710. Unpublished. 2. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Cross on steps. Circular inscription: Θεοτόκε βοήθει τh/' σh/' δούλh/ Rev.: Ἀναστασίa/ pατρικείa/ ζοστh/'. Remarks:  M-6385. Unpublished. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Pečati predstavitelej armjanskogo roda Mahitariev,” Istorikofilologičeskij žurnal AN Armenii 1 (162) (Erevan, 2003), 147-158. 1. Proposed date: 1040-1070. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Nikopoios. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Βασιλίῳ uJpαvτῳ καi; κριτh/'/ τῷ Μαχηταρίῳ. Remarks:  M-6689. Photo on p. 149. Cf. Laurent, Vatican, no. 129. 2. Proposed date: Before 1070. Obv.: Θ(εοτό)κε β(οή)θ(ει) Βασιλίῳ β(ασιλικῷ)? (pρωτο)σpαθ(αρίῳ) ejpi; τοu' Χρ(υσοτρι)κ(λίνου) mυστολέκτh/ Rev.: κριτh/' ejpi; τοu' iJp(ο)δρόm(ου καi;) τοu' Λικάνδου τῷ Μαχηταρίῳ. Remarks:  M-8468. Photo on p. 149. Ed.: Schlumberger, Sig., 241, 6 (incorrect reading). 132

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3. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: St. Michael standing. Rev.: +Σκέpοις Μαχητάριον οὗ σφραγi;ς pέλει Λέοντος pραιpοσίτου ajρχηγέτης τῶν νόων. Remarks:  M-3110. Photo on p. 149. Unpublished. The second verse reads Λέοντα pραιpόσiτον, ajρχηγέτης τῶν νόων. 4. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Σφραγi;ς Μιχαh;λ ἥδε Μαχηταρίου. Remarks:  M-2711. Photo on p. 149. Unpublished. 5. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαh;λ σεβαστοφόρῳ τῷ Μαχηταρίῳ. Remarks:  M-2863. Photo on p. 151. Unpublished. 6. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Σφραγi;ς Νικήτα τοu' Μαχηταρίου. Remarks:  M-287. Photo on p. 151. Several parallel specimens are known. 7. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Νικολάῳ διοικητh/' τῷ Μαχηταρίῳ. Remarks:  M-2230. Photo on p. 151. Unpublished. 8. Proposed date: XI c.(first half). Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: +Νικολάου σφράγισmα Μαχηταρίου. Remarks:  M-6746 (photo on p. 151), M-10037? different boulloteria. Unpublished. 9. Proposed date: XI c. (first half). Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: +Νικολάου σφράγισmα Μαχηταρίου. Remarks:  M-6190 (photo on p. 151), M-11901? The same boulloterion. Unpublished. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Neskol’ko pečatej s redkimi izobraženijami,” ADSV 34 (2003), 213-238. Most of the seals were already published in different editions. 1. Proposed date: ΧΙ c. Obv.: Bust of St. Elias. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Ἠλήa/ β(ασιλικῷ) (pρωτο)σpαθαρ(ίῳ) (καi;) pαραθαλασήτh/. Remarks:  M-5561. Photo 6. Unpublished. 2. Proposed date: XII c. (first half). Obv.: St. Samuel standing. Rev.: ‛Ο χαρτοφύλαξ Σαmουh;λ Μαυροpόδης. Remarks:  M-6648. Photo 13. Unpublished. Cf. Laurent, Corpus V, 2, no. 1615. 3. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Bust of St. Thomas. Rev.: Κωνσταντίν(ῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) σpαθ(αρίῳ)...δι..τη. Remarks:  Μ-2381. Photo 15. Unpublished. Perhaps διοικητῇ. 133

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4. Proposed date: XI? c. Obv.: Bust of St. Thomas. Rev.: +Θοmᾷ mοναχῷ (καi;) κουβουκλισ(ίῳ). Remarks:  M-3240. Photo 16. Unpublished. 5. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Thomas. Rev.: Bust of St. John Chrysostomos. Remarks:  M-4011. Photo 17. Unpublished. 6. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Thomas. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: Bust of St. Michael. Traces of a circular inscription. Remarks:  M-6625 (photo 18), M-4130. Unpublished. 7. Proposed date: XI c. (second half) Obv.: The Virgin standing between St. Thomas and St. Nicholas. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Νικολάῳ uJpάτῳ κριτh/' ejpi; τοu' iJppοδρόmου (καi;) συmpόνῳ. Remarks:  M-6200, 12360. Photo 20. Unpublished. Cf. Laurent, Corpus V, 2, no. 1070. 8. Proposed date: Early XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Menas. Circular inscription: Ἅγ(ιε) Μινa' β(οήθει) τῷ σῷ δού(λῳ) Rev.: Στεφάνο στράτωρι. Remarks:  M-3275. Photo 23. Unpublished. 9. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: The Virgin Episkepsis standing between St. Menas and St. Nicholas. Rev.: ‛Ο τw'ν pροέδρων pρῶτος wJς δικασpόλων φρουροu;ς uJma'ς τίθηmι τῶν γεγραmmένων. Remarks:  M- 6717. Photo 27. Unpublished. Cf. Zacos II, no. 687. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Pečati vizantijskih torgovtsev VIII-IX vv,” MAIET 10 (2003), 393-398. Review of seals of Byzantine merchants of the VIIIth-IXth c. from different editions. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Predstaviteli roda Kurtikiev v Vizantii,” ADSV 35 (2004) 122-132. 1. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλο Μιχαh;λ pρωτοσpαθαρίῳ καi; στρατηγῷ τῷ Κουρτίκh/. Remarks:  M-6441. Photo I, 1. Schlumberger, Sig., p. 641, no. 1. 2. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of a saint. Rev.: Ἰωάννης σpαθαροκανδιδa'τος oJ Κουρτίκης. Remarks:  M-11073. Photo I, 2. Unpublished. 3. = SBS 5 (1998) 105, no. 4. 4. = SBS 6 (1999) 99, no. 3. 134

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V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Pečati Konstantina Feodorokana v Ermitaže,” Istoriko-filologičeskij žurnal AN Armenii 2 (166) (Erevan, 2004), 276-281. 1-2. Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Κωνσταντίνῳ τῷ Θεοδωροκάνῳ. Remarks:  M-1797, unpublished; M-6785, ed. Schlumberger, Sig., 707, no. 1, different boulloteria. Photos on p. 277. Cf. Jordanov, SBS 8 (2003), 179, no. 57-62. 3. Proposed date: 1050-1060. Obv.: Bust of a military saint. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Κωνσταντίνῳ pατρικίῳ τῷ Θεοδωροκάνῳ. Remarks:  M-5746. Photo on p. 278. Unpublished. Cf. Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, no. 89. 4-5. Proposed date: ca. 1060. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Κωνσταντίνῳ Rev.: ajνθυpάτῳ pατρικίῳ τῷ Θεοδωροκάνῳ. Remarks:  M-1785, unpublished; M-1799, ed.: Šandrovskaja, Sfragistika, no. 728, one boulloterion. Photos on p. 279. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Vizantijskie pečati perevodčikov,” Albo dies notanda lapilla (devoted to the jubilee of G. E. Lebedeva) (St. Petersburg, 2005), 109-115. 1. Proposed date: VII/VIII c. Obv.: Damaged? Rev.: Cruciform monogram: eJρmηνευτοu'. Remarks:  Μ-8721. Unpublished. 2. Proposed date: IX c. Obv.: Γραφw'ν σφράγισmα Rev.: eJρmήνου Προκοπίου. Remarks:  M-1683. Unpublished. 3. = Lihačev, IZIGI, tabl. VI, 28; Laurent, Corpus II, no. 467. 4. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: ... β(ασιλικῷ) σpαθ(αρίῳ) καi; eJρmηνευτοu'. Remarks:  M-8926. Unpublished. 5. = Schlumberger, Sig., 349-351; Laurent, Corpus II, no. 471. V. S. Šandrovskaja, A. Mochov, “Izobraženija svjatogo Prokopija na ermitažnyh pečatjah,” ADSV 37 (2006), 191-211. 1-2. Proposed date: Late XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Prokopios. Rev.: +Κατακαλo;ν κουβουκλ(εί)σιος. Remarks:  M-2665 (ed. Pančenko, Katalog, no. 360), M-2571 (photo 1 on p. 208, unpublished). 135

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3-4. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Bust of St. Prokopios. Circular inscription: Κωνσταντίνων mετριτήν. Remarks:  M-4083 (photo 2 on p. 208), M-9149 (photo 3 on p. 208), M-4265 (copy). All specimens are unpublished. Cf. Koltsida-Makre, Μολυβδόβουλλα, no. 132. 5. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: Bust of St. Prokopios. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Βασιλείῳ τῷ Χούmνῳ. Remarks:  M-2524 (photo 4 on p. 209). Unpublished. 6. = Lihačev, Molivdovuly, tabl. LXIII, 16. 7. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Prokopios. Rev.: +Γρηγόρηος ὁ ‛Ραδηνός. Remarks:  M-5520. Photo 6 on p. 209. Unpublished. 8. = Šandrovskaja-Seibt, no. 97. 9. Proposed date: Χ c. Obv.: Bust of St. Prokopios. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Μαρiva/ pρωτοσpαθαρίσσa/. Remarks:  M-2401. Photo 8 on p. 210. Unpublished. 10. Proposed date: ΧΙ c. Obv.: Bust of St. Prokopios. Traces of the circular inscription: Ἅγιε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Βάρδa/ pριmικηρίῳ καi; κοιτωνίτh/. Remarks:  M-10734. Photo 9 on p. 210. 11. = Laurent, Corpus V, 1, no. 802. 12. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: St. Prokopios orans standing. Circular inscription: Κύριε βοήθει... Λέοντι (?) Rev.: ... χαρτουλαρίῳ τοu' στρατιοτικοu' λογοθεσίου καi; ejκ pροσώpου τw'ν ἀγελw'ν. Remarks:  M-2902. Photo 11 on p. 211. Unpublished. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Obraz sv. Prokopija na pečatjah,” Hristianskaja ikonografija Vostoka i Zapada v pamjatnikah material’noj kul’tury Drevnej Rusi i Vizantii. Pamjati Tatiany Čukovoj (St. Petersburg, 2006), 78-89. Review of seals with the image of St. Prokopios. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Ermitažnaja pečat’ Marhapsaba,” ADSV 37 (2006) 255-259.

Proposed date: XI c. (second half). Obv.: Bust of the Virgin orans. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Κιριακῷ pροτοσpαθαρίῳ τῷ Μαρχαψαβῷ. Remarks:  M-3791 (photo 1 on p. 258), ed. Pančenko, Katalog, no. 186 (with incorrect reading); M-2351 (photo 2 on p. 258), unpublished.

136

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V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Tamoğennaja služba v Mesemvrii (po dannym sfragistiki),” Bulgaria Pontica Medii Aevi 4-5,2 (2006), 31-42. All seals are published in: Lihačev, Molivdovuly. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “K izobraženiju Bogomateri Agiosoritissy na vizantijskih pečatjah,” Prof. d.i.n. Totju Totev i stolitsa Veliki Preslav (Sofia, 2006), 188-193. Review of seals with the image of the Virgin Hagiosoritissa from different collections. V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Predstaviteli roda Vranov (XI-XIII veka),” Vizantijskaja ideja. Vizantija v epohu Komninov i Paleologov (St. Petersburg, 2006), 192-200. 1. Proposed date: 1183-1185. Obv.: Πρωτοσεβάστου τῶν γραφῶν Ἀλεξίου σφραγi;ς Βρανa' mεν Rev.: ejκ pατρo;ς γεναρχίας rJίζης δε mητρo;ς Κοmνηνοβλάστου κλάδου. Remarks:  M-1609. Photo 4 on p.196. Cf. Laurent, Vatican, no. 64. 2. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: Σφράγισmα Βρανa' Μανουh;λ τo; pατρόθεν Rev.: rJίζης φυέντος Κοmνηνικh;ς mητρόθεν. Remarks:  Μ-1758, 1890, 10267 (different boulloteria). Photo 5-6 on p. 196. W. Seibt, Review of DOSeals IV (2001), BZ 96 (2003), 748-752; cf. A.- K. Wassiliou, JÖB 54 (2004), 252-255. 4.1.2.  X/XI c. Seibt: IX/X c.; cf. Wassiliou 253. 4.1.5.  ...tes. Seibt: Perhaps Leon; cf. Wassiliou 253. 4.1.7.  Akepsimas. Seibt: Anthimos? 4.1.8.  Without Family name. Seibt: Maleses? 4.1.16.  Without name. Seibt: Perhaps Ioannes; at the end perhaps Boukellarion; cf. Wassiliou 253. 4.1.34.  Niketas. Seibt: Komitas (another proposal). 4.2.1.  St. Clement. Seibt: St. Blasios? 4.2.3.  Ankyras. Seibt: Karias? 4.5.2.  Without Personal name. Seibt: Konstantinos? 4.11.6.  Paphlagonia. Seibt: Pelagonia? 4.11.17.  Skribas. Seibt: Skribon. 4.11.29.  Staurakios (?) imp. Protospatharios. Seibt: Konstantinos hypatos? 4.11.30.  Without Personal name. Seibt: Paulos. 4.18.4.  Without Personal name; bishop of Ionopolis. Seibt: Ignatios, bishop of Iouliopolis (Basilaion)? 4.21.1.  Leontios. Seibt: Photios? 4.22.1.  Basileios (?). Seibt: Perhaps Michael; cf. Wassiliou 253. 4.22.37.  Timites. Seibt: Timonites; cf. Wassiliou 254. 4.22.51.  Strategos of the Armeniakon. Seibt: Archon tou Armamentou; cf. Wassiliou 254. 137

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4.29.7.  Neokaisareias. Seibt: Τῷ Ἰασίτῃ? 4.32.6.  Georgios Makrembolites. Seibt: Ioannes. 4.32.23.  Leontios. Seibt: Perhaps Asotios. 4.32.26.  Bestes. Seibt: Hypatos or Patrikios. 4.40.3.  N. Aboukes judge. Seibt: N. Aboukir imp. notarios? 4.40.5.  Μιχαὴλ φύλαξε σόν, Σῶτερ ἀνθρώπων, χαρτουλαρίῳ δρόμου καὶ Xαρσιάνοῦ. Seibt: Σῶτερ, πρoevδρῳ(;) Μιχαὴλ φύλαξ ἔσο καὶ Χαρσιανοῦ χαρτουλαρίῳ δρόμου. Also Bestarches would be possible as the (lost) title. Cf. Wassiliou 254. Remarks:  Cf. Wassiliou–Seibt, Bleisiegel II, 54. 4.40.13.  N. Hexamilites judge of the Velum... Seibt: πρόεδρος, κριτὴς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου. Cf. Wassiliou 254, and Eadem, Hexamilites, Hellenika 52 (2002), 251, no. 13. 4.40.20.  Nikephoros. Seibt: Ioseph? 4.43.6.  N. Kamateros. Seibt: Euthymios Karabitziotes. Cf. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Προσωπογραφία και Σφραγιστική· κριταὶ Καπαπαδοκίας (10ος-11ος αι.),” Πρακτικά Στ´ Πανελληνίου Συνεδρίου για τον Ελληνισμό της Μικράς Ασίας (Thessaloniki, 2002), 49f.; Seibt–Zarnitz 2.2.1. 4.43.12.  Aporos? Seibt: Apoleon? Cf. Wassiliou 254: P(an)toleon? 4.43.13.  Pherses. Seibt: Perhaps Arsakes, Artakes etc. 4.44.1.  τῷ τοῦ Μεγάλου Λούλου (as lord of Great Loulon). Seibt: υἱὸς τοῦ Μεγάλου Λούλου (Mounsour, the son of Lulos, the lord of Halab). 4.46.3.  Karakallou. Seibt: Karamallou. 4.48.6.  Without Personal name. Seibt: Gregorios (?) 4.55.4.  Epi ton oikeiakon. Seibt: Epi tou Manglabiou. 4.56.11.  Without Personal name. Seibt: Perhaps Ioannes. 4.59.1.  Without Family name. Seibt: Muzalopoulos? 4.61.1.  Seibt: Sagopoulos (as another proposal). Remarks:  Parallel to DOSeals 76.1 and Cheynet, Zacos, no. 29. 4.61.6.  Without Personal name. Seibt: Perhaps Ioannes. 4.64.1.  Strategos of Kama. Seibt: At the end perhaps KAM...- or XAM... as Family name. 4.68.1.  Solomonakes. Seibt: Solomon. 4.68.2.  Obv.:  St. Athenogenes. Rev.:  Myron? Seibt: Obv.:  St. Niketas or Eustathios. Rev.:  St. Niketas or St. Nikephoros. 4.68.7.  Strategos of Melitene. Seibt: τῷ Σαΐτῃ (as family name)? 4.68.9.  Λόγοις ὁ Χρυσοῦς καὶ γραφαῖς ἔχει φύλαξ. Seibt: Λόγοις σύμπνεε καὶ γραφὰς σκέπε, φύλαξ. Cf. Wassiliou, 254. 4.76.3.  Elinagos. Seibt: Nestongos? 138

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4.77.1.  Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος τοῦ Κατεπάνω Βασπρακανίας. Seibt: Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος τοῦ κατεπανικίου Βαασπρακανίας or τῆς πόλεως Βάνης Βαασπρακανίας? W. Seibt, “Probleme der historischen Geographie Bulgariens im späteren 10. Und 11. Jahrhundert – Ein sigillographischer Beitrag,” in Numizmatičny i sfragističny prinosi kŭm istorijata na zapadnoto Černomorie. Meždunarodnaja konferentsija. Varna 12- 15 septemvri 2001 g. (Varna, 2004), 253-264. 1. Proposed date: 1050-1065. Obv.: St. Prokopios, standing. Rev.: +K(uvrie) bohvqei Ἀswthvῳ p(at)ri(kivῳ) ajnqupavtῳ (kai;) strat(h)g(ῷ) Bavrna". 1a. Proposed date: ca 1050. Obv.: Bust of a military saint (Demetrios or Prokopios). Rev.: +K(uvrie) b(ohv)q(ei) tῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Ἀswvt(h/) t(ῷ) Q(e)od(w)r(o)k(avnῳ). Remarks:  Seal in Dumbarton Oaks. 1b. Proposed date: ca 1050. Obv.: +Kuvrªie)º bohvqªeiº tῷ sῷ dªouvºlῳ Rev.: ªἈºswtiv(ῳ) ªmaºg(iv)str(ῳ) ªt(ῷ) tou'º Tar(w)nivt(ou). Remarks:  Fogg 1539. 1c. Proposed date: ca 1060-1080. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: +K(uvrie) b(ohv)q(ei) ªtºῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) ªἈºs(wv)t(h/) (prwto)spaqar(ivῳ) uJpavt(ῳ) ªυἱºὸς patrik(iv)ou Cosrob(iv)ou. Remarks:  = Zacos, Seals II, no. 364. 2. Proposed date: 972-1025. Obv.: +K(uvrie) b(ohv)q(ei) ªtºῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Ἀndrªoºnivk(ῳ) Rev.: tourmavrc(h/) ªἈºracilavb(h"). Remarks:  IFEB 879 and Museum of Sofia. 3. Proposed date: End of the X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils. Remains of a circular inscription: +Kuvrie b(ohvq(ei) tῷ sῷ douvlῳ Rev.: +Nikoªlºavῳ b(asilikῷ) spªaq(arivῳ)º k(ai;) dioiªkhºth'/ Bavnªaº" (?). Remarks:  Seal found near Dorostolon. 4. Proposed date: Second half of the X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils. Circular inscription. Rev.: +Da(ui;)d b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaq(arivῳ) (kai;) kl(ei)souªrºavrc(h/) Bas(i)liavdo" or Basaiavd(o"). Remarks:  = Zacos, Seals II, no. 134. 5. Proposed date: End of the X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross with tendrils. Circular inscription. Rev.: +Da(ui;)d b(asilikῷ) (prwto)spaq(arivῳ) ªk(ai;)º b(asilikῷ) tou' ÔRaidestou'. Remarks:  = Zacos, Seals II, no. 134bis. 139

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6. Proposed date: ca 1050. Obv.: +K(uvrie) b(ohv)q(ei) ªtºῷ sῷ douv(lῳ) Balatzevrth/ Rev.: magivstrῳ (kai;) katepavnw Mes(h)mbriva". Remarks:  = Zacos II, no. 1059 (wrong reading : Bladtzevrth"). W. Seibt, Review of DOSeals V (2005), BZ 100 (2007) 231-236; cf. A.- K. Wassiliou, JÖB 57 (2007), 397-400. 5.3.1.  Leo (?) ... strategos of Mamistra (?). Seibt: Theodoros. Perhaps Machetarios instead of the geographical name. 5.6.12.  Primikerios (?) and Kleisourarches (?). Seibt: Asekretis and Krites Seleukeias. Cf. Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 68.1. 5.6.24.  Xeros. Seibt: Charon? 5.9.11.  Tourditzes? Seibt: Pardos. 5.22.5.  Ἐπάρχου Πόλεως. Seibt: Other Proposals: ἀννωνεπάρχου or ἐπάρχου τῶν πραιτωρίων. 5.22.7.  Niketas Eparchos Poleos. Seibt: Niketas not secure, at the end a family name as Dalassenos or Melissenos? 5.25.16.  ...phles? Seibt: Xiphilinos? 5.42.28.  Leon. Seibt: Asotes? 5.42.43.  Trig... Seibt: Gregoras? Cf. Wassiliou, 399: Trigones? 5.50.2.  Rev.:  καθηγουμένου τῆς μονῆς. Seibt: καθηγέτου μονῆς. Cf. Wassiliou 399. 5.55.2.  Without proposal for the end of the legend. Seibt: Perhaps μάνδρας. Cf. Wassiliou, 399: μόνον or μένω. 5.58.2.  Without proposal for the first (lost) line. Seibt: Perhaps ἡγουμένου or μοναχοῦ. 5.88.1.  Μονῆς τῶν σοφρώνων πατρικίων τῶν καλλινίκων. Seibt could correct on the basis of a new parallel seal: Μονῆς τῶν Σοφρώνης πατρικίων τῶν Χυλινιτῶν. Cf. Wassiliou, 399. 5.104.1.  ἀφ’ ὧν ὅρα. Seibt: νοῶν ὅρα. Cf. Wassiliou, 400. 5.107.1.  Obv.:  without reading. Seibt: Ὀψικίου. W. Seibt, “Überlegungen zum Namensmonogramm auf dem byzantinischen Henkelkrug des Awarenschatzes von Vrap,” H. Heftner, K. Tomaschitz (eds.), Ad fontes! Festschrift für Gerhard Dobesch zum 65. Geburtstag (Vienna, 2004), 855-858. 1. Circular inscription: Φ(ω)νὴ Κυρ(ί)ου ἐπ(ὶ) τ(ῶ)ν ὑδάτ(ων). 2. Five cruciform monograms: Κύριε; β(ο)ήθ(ει); τοῦ δούλου σου or τοῦ σοῦ δούλου; Τζονοβίου or Τζυβίνου or Βουτζίνου; Ἀμήν. Date: 670-680 or 680-690. W. Seibt, “Byzantinische Bleisiegel,” L. Ilisch, M. Matzke, W. Seibt (eds.), Die mittelalterlichen Fundmünzen, Siegel und Gewichte von Santueri, Mallorca (Tübingen, 2005), 27-31. 140

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1. Proposed date: Second half of the VII c.-early VIII c. Obv.: Busts of the apostles Peter and Paul. Rev.: Ἰ(ω)άννου. 2. Proposed date: Early VIII c. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Γεωργίῳ ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. 3. Proposed date: Early VIII c. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Σεργίῳ δου[κί]. 4. Proposed date: First third of the VIII c. Obv.: Eagle, perhaps with invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ ὑπάτῳ καὶ σπαθαρίῳ. 5. Proposed date: First third of the VIII c. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V, with tetragram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, perhaps Θεοδότῳ ὑπάτῳ. W. Seibt, Review of Jordanov, Corpus I, in: BZ 98 (2005), 129-133. 1.2.  Jordanov. κλαίουσα. Seibt: κλείουσα. 2.1.  Jordanov. πρωτοπαπίας. Seibt: πρωτοπαπάς. 2.3.  Jordanov. Ἀρχιεπισκόπο Ἀνγχιάλου Στεφάνου σκέπε. Seibt: Perhaps Ὁ ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Ἀγχιάλου Στέφανος. 3.8.  Jordanov. ... σκέποις με. Seibt: ... σκέποιτέ με. 22.7.  Jordanov. St. Demetrios. Seibt: St. Niketas. 24.9.  Jordanov. πριμικήριος καὶ ... Δρουγουβιτείας. Seibt: ἀσηκρῆτις καὶ κριτὴς Δρουγουβιτείας. 34.2.  Jordanov. στρατηγὸς Θεσσαλονίκης. Seibt: στρατηγὸς θεοφυλάκτου β. Ὀψικίου. 34.5.  Jordanov. γενικὸς λογοθεσίου ἄρκλας. Seibt: Γεννηματᾶς Θεσσαλονίκης (?). 35.3.  Jordanov. Στρατηγὸς τῶν Θρᾴκης. Seibt: Στρατηγὸς τῶν Θρᾳκησίων or τῶν Θρᾳκησιάνων. 35.4.  Jordanov. Ioannes. Seibt: Marianos (?). 35.12.  Jordanov. Χαρτουλάριος τῶν Θρᾴκης. Seibt: χαρτουλάριος τῶν Θρᾳκησιάνων (?). 39.1.  Jordanov. Konstantinos. Seibt: Kontostephanos (?). 43.1.  Jordanov. Σχολὴ τῶν Κυρικῶν. Seibt: Κηρύκων. 46.8.  Jordanov. Στρατηγὸς Μακεδονίας. Seibt: Μακεδόνων. 52.1.  Jordanov. Ῥοῦσος. Seibt: Βοῦσος (alternative reading). 63.3.  Jordanov (for the overstruck): Δομέστικος τοῦ Δ......δ. Seibt: Perhaps δομέστικος τοῦ δουκὸς Βουλγαρίας. 63.6.  Jordanov. Karantenos. Seibt: Kardames (?). 141

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63.8.  Jordanov. Ὁ Μάλις. Seibt: ΟΜΑΛΙC. 79.1.  Jordanov. Erroneous interpretation as the seal of the monastery Θεοτόκου τῆς Χρυσοκεφάλου. Seibt: Χρυσοκέφαλος (family name). W. Seibt - A.-K. Wassiliou, “Spätbyzantinische metrische Siegellegenden,” S. Kolditz - R. C. Müller (eds.), Geschehenes und Geschriebenes. Studien zu Ehren von Günther S. Henrich und Klaus-Peter Matschke (Leipzig, 2005), 135- 147. 1. Proposed date: XIII c. Obv.: St. John Prodromos, standing. Rev.: Ψυχῆς ἐμῆς φρουρόν σε καὶ γραφῶν γράφω· εἰ καὶ κατ᾿ ἄμφω, πλὴν ἀλλὰ ψυχῆς πλέον. 2. Proposed date: Ca. last quarter of the XIII c. – first half of the XIV c. Obv.: St. George, standing. Rev.: Γραφὰς γεωργεῖν ἐνδίκους, μάρτυς, δίδου ὡς Θεοῦ Γεώργιον τῷ Μετοχίτῃ. 3. Proposed date: Second half of the XIII c. Obv.: St. Demetrios, standing. Rev.: Κυροῦν γραφάς μοι λύσσομαι, μυροβλύτα, ὃς ἐκπυροῦμαι καρδίαν ἔρωτί σου. 4. Proposed date: Late XII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Episkepsis. Rev.: Σκέποις με τὸν σὸν Ἀτούμην Νικηφόρον σεβαστόν, πανάμωμε τοῦ Λόγου Μῆτερ. 5. Proposed date: Ca. first half of the XIII c. Obv.: St. Michael, standing. Circular metrical inscription: Πρωτάγγελε, σκέποις με τὸν λογοθέτην. Rev.: Λογοθέτου σφράγισμα Παλαιολόγου. 6. Proposed date: Ca. second half of the XII c. Obv.: St. Georgios, standing. Rev.: Γεωργίου σφράγισμα Παλαιολόγου αὐχοῦντος γένος.

Κομνηνοδουκόβλαστον

7. Proposed date: Ca. second half of the XII c. Obv.: St. Georgios, standing. Rev.: Σφράγιζε, μάρτυς, τὰς γραφὰς Γεωργίου Παλαιολόγου Κομνηνοῦ ῥίζης κλάδου. 8. Proposed date: Ca. 1270-ca. 1284. Obv.: The Virgin, type Hodegetria Dexiokratousa, standing. Inscription: Ἡ Ἀχειροποίητος. Rev.: Τοῦ Κεραμέου πρακτέα διευλύτου πρὸς βασιλικὰς ἐντολάς, Θεοτόκε. 9. Proposed date: Second half of the XII c. Obv.: Ἐπισφραγίζει καὶ γραφὰς καὶ πρακτέα σεβαστὸς Ἀνδρόνικος εἰς κῦρος πλέον Rev.: ῥιζῶν προελθῶν Δουκικῶν τὸ μητρόθεν καὶ Καματηρόβλαστος ἐκφὺς πατρόθεν. 142

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10. Proposed date: 1185-1195. Obv.: Αὐτοκρατοῦντος θεῖος Ἰσαακίου σεβαστοκράτωρ δεσπότης Ἰωάννης Rev.: βεβαίας πράξεις δὲ τῇ σφραγivδι γράφει αἰνὸν βοηθὸν τόνδε ἔσχε τὸν τύπον. W. Seibt, “Der bisher jüngste Bleisiegeltypus byzantinischer Kaiser,” JÖB 56 (2006), 239-243.

Proposed date: 18.10.1377-1.7.1379. Obv.: Jesus Christ seated on a backed throne. Rev.: Andronikos IV Palaiologos crowning his son Ioannes VII. Inscriptions: Ἰωάννης δεσπότης (l.), Ἀνδρόνικος δεσπότης (r.).

W. Seibt, Review of V. Bulgakova, Byzantinische Bleisiegel in Osteuropa. Die Funde auf dem Territorium Altrußlands (Mainzer Veröffentlichungen zur Byzantinistik 6), (Wiesbaden, 2004), in: JÖB 57 (2007) 400-403. W. Seibt, p. 400, notes that most of the new seals are not reproduced well enough to verify the reading, corrections or comments. 1.3.3.  Seibt: This Exarchos (of the patriarch) was in the late X c. active in the Crimea and/or at the peninsula of Taman᾿. 1.3.5.  Seibt: Hypothesis: Hegoumenos on this anonymous seal of the middle of the XI c. indicates the lord of Černigov. 1.4.2.  Bulgakova. Without Family name. Seibt: Perhaps Konones. 1.4.3.  Bulgakova. Kyrillos. Seibt: Syrianos. 1.5.3.  Bulgakova. Incomplete. Seibt: Κληρικός (?). 1.5.6.  Bulgakova. Without family name. Seibt: Perhaps Tzakalos. 1.5.9.  Bulgakova. Hamartolos as family name. Seibt: Ἁμαρτωλός indicates here a monk. 1.7.7.  Bulgakova. Incomplete. Seibt: Ἅγιε Θεόδωρε βοήθει. Leon was perhaps Chartoularios. 1.7.11.  Bulgakova. Incomplete. Seibt: Perhaps Kyriakos Kommerkiarios of Aminsos. Cf. Zacos, Seals II 200. Anhang 1a. Bulgakova: Νείλου γραφῶν το(ι) κῦρος ὁ Στρατηλάτης. Seibt: Νείλου γραφῶν τὸ{ν} κῦρος ὁ Στρατηλάτης or γραφόντων. The seal does not belong to the patriarch Neilos Kerameus. Anhang 2, no. 3. Bulgakova. Incomplete. Seibt: Perhaps Leon θύτης Κύπρου. 14.  Bulgakova. N. N. Patrikios and imp. Protospatharios. Seibt: Perhaps Anthes Patrikios and κατεπάνω τῶν β. ἀνθρώπων. 15.  Bulgakova. Michael Protospatharios, epi tou hippodromou and imp. (?) notarios. Seibt: Michael Protospatharios, judge epi tou hippodromou and perhaps Protonotarios Κιβυρραιωτῶν or τοῦ Μυρελαίου. 24.  Bulgakova. Incomplete. Seibt: Eustathios bishop of Settai/Lydia. Cf. Seibt, BSl 54 (1993), 364, fig. LXIV 14. 143

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V. Stepanenko, “Nikifor Melissin, “despot i avtokrator romeev,” Sfragistika i istorija kul’tury. Sbornik naučnyh trudov, posvjaščennyj jubileju V. S Šandrovskoj (St. Petersburg 2004), 78-91.

Proposed date: Before 1 of April, 1081. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Nikopoios. Circular inscription. Rev.: Bust of Nikephoros Melissenos. Circular inscription: Νικηφόρῳ δεσpότh/. Remarks:  M-3984. Photo on p. 80, no. 1.

V. Stepanenko, “K prosopografii t.n. ivirskih rodov v Vizantii konca X-XI v.: Čortvaneli i Pakouriany,” ADSV 37 (2006), 225-236.

Proposed date: Late XI-early XII c. Obv.: +Σφραγi;ς Ἀσpιέτου Rev.: τοu' Πακουριανοῦ. Remarks:  Photo on p. 235. Found in Bulgaria, private collection of V. Panteleev. Cf. Jordanov, SBS 8 (2003), 179, nos. 77-78.

V. Stepanenko, V. S. Šandrovskaja, “Tatul i Pakuriany,” ADSV 36 (2005), 171-193. 1+2. Proposed date: Late XI-early XII c. Obv.: +Σφραγi;ς Ἀσpιέτου Rev.: τοu' Πακουριανοῦ. Remarks:  M-8371, 10288 (different boulloteria). Photo 1-2 on p. 191. Cf. Jordanov, SBS 8 (2003), 179, nos. 77-78. 3-6. Proposed date: Late XI c. Obv.: St. George standing. Rev.: +Γρηγόριος σεβαστo;ς (καi;) δου;ξ oJ Πακουριανός. Remarks:  Μ-2953 (ed.: Pančenko, Katalog, no. 314), M-2993, 3044, 6379 (ed.: Schlumberger, Sig., 342), different boulloteria. Photos 3-5 on p. 191-192. 7. Proposed date: Late XI c. Obv.: St. Theodore standing. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Τατούλh/ pρωτονωβελησήmο καi; ἄρχοντι τον ajρχόντον το Πακουρηανῷ. Remarks:  M-10961. Photo 9 on p. 193. Cf. Jordanov, ADSV 36 (2005), 118-119. E. Stepanova, “Pečati monetariev Sicilii IX v.,” ADSV 34 (2003), 206-211. Historical review of all seals of monetarii of Sicily. All seals are published. E. Stepanova, “Vizantijskie pečati s izobraženijem svjatyh na trone iz sobranija Ermitaža,” Sfragistika i istorija kul’tury. Sbornik naučnyh trudov, posvjaščennyj jubileju V. S. Šandrovskoj (St. Petersburg, 2004), 102-114. 1. Proposed date: late IX c. Obv.: St. Luke enthroned. Rev.: Σταυρακίῳ κουmερκιαρίῳ Θεσσαλονίκης. Remarks:  M-4883. Photo 1 on p. 104. 2. Proposed date: Late IX c. Obv.: Two birds. Rev.: Σταυρακίῳ β(ασιλικῷ) σpαθ(αρίῳ) καi; κουmερκιαρίῳ Θεσσαλονίκης. Remarks:  M-10450. Photo 4-5 on p. 104. Cf.: DOSeals, 1.18.44. 144

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3. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Saint Nicholas enthroned. Rev.: Ἅγιε, βοήθει Νικολάῳ ejξάκτορι τῷ Καλοψύχῳ. Remarks:  M-12116, 12191. Photo 7-10 on p. 110. E. Stepanova, “Pečati s izobraženijami Bogomateri i Sv. Nikolaja X-XII vekov,” Vizantija v kontekste mirovoj istorii (St. Petersburg, 2004), 162-165.

Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Remarks:  M-9660. Photo on p. 163.

E. Stepanova, “ Svjazi Sicilii i Hersonesa po dannym sfragističeskih i numizmaticheskih pamjatnikov,” ADSV 36 (2005), 76-84. The problems of relations between Sicily and Cherson in the second half of the VIIIth c. - late Xth c. according to the numismatic and sphragistic monuments. All seals are published. E. Stepanova, “Pečati iz Sudaka (k voprosu ob interpretatsii),” Sugdejskij sbornik 2 (Kiev-Sudak, 2005), 537-545. All seals are published in SBS 8, 123-130. E. Stepanova, “ Pečati graždanskoi administracii Italii i Sicilii VI-VIII vv.,” Albo dies notanda lapilla (devoted to the jubilee of G. E. Lebedeva) (St. Petersburg, 2005), 116-127. 1. Proposed date: VI-VII c. Obv.: Eagle with uplifted wings, between them block monogram: Macrobii Rev.: praefect(i) (praetorio) Ital(iae). Remarks:  M-11713. Photo on p. 118. Ed.: E. Stepanova, Pečati s latinskimi i greko-latinskimi nadpisjami VI-VIII vv. iz sobranija Ermitaža (St. Petersburg, 2006), no. 123; Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 726. 2. Proposed date: Early VIII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin with Christ before her. Circular inscription: Θεοτόκε, σu;ν τῷ ΥiJῷ σου, βοήθει τῷ δούλῳ σου Rev.: Ἰωάννh/ uJpάτῳ (καi;) ejpάρχῳ Ἰταλίας. Remarks:  M-3935. Unpublished. Photo on p. 119. Cf. DOSeals 1. 2.1. 3. Proposed date: Second half of the VI c.-middle VII c. Obv.: Archangel standing. Rev.: Platonos pra(e)toros. Remarks:  M-8185. Photo on p. 122. Ed.: E. Stepanova, Pečati s latinskimi i greko-latinskimi nadpisjami VI-VIII vv. iz sobranija Ermitaža (St. Petersburg, 2006), no. 135. E. Stepanova, “Drevnerusskie anonimnye pečati XII-XIII vv. i ih vizantijskie prototipy,” Hristianskaja ikonografija Vostoka i Zapada v pamjatnikah material’noj kul’tury Drevnej Rusi i Vizantii. Pamjati Tatiany Čukovoj (St. Petersburg, 2006), 90-97. 1. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore. Rev.: Bust of St. George. Remarks:  Photo 4 on p. 97. 145

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2. Proposed date: XI c. (second half) Obv.: St. George standing. Rev.: St. Nicholas standing. Remarks:  Photo 5 on 97. 3. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin orans. Rev.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Remarks:  Photo 6 on p. 97. E. Stepanova, “Kar’era Stavrakija: iz provintsii v stolitsu,” ADSV 37 (2006), 155-163. Seals of Staurakios from different editions. E. Stepanova, “Pečati s monogrammami X-XIV vekov iz sobranija Ermitaža,” Vizantijskaja ideja. Vizantija v epohu Komninov i Paleologov (St. Petersburg, 2006), 169-179. 1. Proposed date: IX/X c. Obv.: Invocative monogram, Laurent type V, tetragram. Rev.: Ἰωάννh/ βασιλικῷ στράτορι. Remarks:  M-642. Photo 1 on p. 171. 2. Proposed date: X c. (first half) Obv.: Invocative monogram, Laurent type XII, tetragram. Rev.: Πέτρῳ mοναχῷ καi; οijκονόmῳ τh'ς βασιλικh'ς mονh'ς Λακάpας. Remarks:  M-12077. Photo 2 on p. 171. 3. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Invocative monogram, Laurent type XII, tetragram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Kriskentes ? (variant of W. Seibt: Krenites). In the quarters: βασιλικῷ pρωτοσpαθαρίῳ καi; στρατιγῷ Στρυmῶνος. Remarks:  M-1070. Photo 3 on p. 171. 4. Proposed date: Middle of the Xth c. Obv.: Invocative monogram, Zacos-Veglery type LXXI, tetragram. Rev.: Λέοντι mαγίστρῳ καi; δοmεστίκῳ τῶν σχωλῶν τh'ς Dύσεως. Remarks:  M-7158. Photo 4 on p.172. Cf. Zacos, no. 1077. 5. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Invocative monogram, Laurent type X-XI, tetragram. Rev.: Ἀντoνivῳ βασιλικῷ σpαθαροκουβικουλαρίῳ. Remarks:  M-7154. Photo 5 on p. 173. 6. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Remarks:  M-8714. Photo 6 on p. 173. 7. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Θωmᾷ mοναχῷ. Remarks:  M-7135, 7136. Photo 7 on p. 173. 146

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8. Proposed date: X c. Obv.: Bust of Christ. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Κωνσταντίνῳ, in the quarters: mοναχῷ. Remarks:  M-6647. Photo 8 on p. 174. 9. = Lihačev, Molivdovuly, Tab. LXXI, 13; Laurent, Corpus II, no. 812. 10. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: St. Demetrios standing. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Dηmητρίου. Remarks:  M-8434. Photo 10 on p. 175. 11. = Lihačev, Molivdovuly, Tab. LXXI, 14. 12. Proposed date: XII c. (second half) Obv.: Monogram: Μαρούλης Rev.: Λέων oJ Ξανθόpωλος. Remarks:  M-6767. Photo 12 on p. 176. 13. Proposed date: XIV c. Obv.: St. Theodore standing. Rev.: Circular inscription: Σφραγi;ς Ἰωσh;φ οijκηvτην ejκτυpοu'σα. Monogram: Βατάτζην Dούκαν. Remarks:  M-4283. Photo 13 on p. 177. 14. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: Monogram: Κωνσταντίνου Rev.: Two monograms: Κοντο|στέφανος. Remarks:  Μ-8155. Photo 14 on p. 177. 15. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: Monogram: Μιχαhvλ Rev.: Monogram: Φιλοκάλης. Remarks:  M-6351. Photo 15 on p. 178. 16. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: Monogram: Κωνσταντίνου Rev.: Monogram: Καταφλώρου (or Τρiακοντaφίλλου). W. Seibt: Κοντοστεφάνου Remarks:  M-8702. Photo 16 on p. 178. E. Stepanova, A. Farbej, “Vizantijskie svincovye pečati, najdennye v Sudake v 2005 g.,” Pričernomor’e, Krym, Rus’ v istorii i kul’ture 2 (Kiev-Sudak, 2006), 303-306 (Two seals of archonts of Cherson, IX c., seal of a spatharokandidatos and strategos ton Klimaton Chersonos, IX c.).

Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of a military saint. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Ἰωάννh/ pατρικίῳ καi; στρατηγῷ Σουγδίας (?). Remarks:  Photo on p. 303.

A. Tzitzibassi (writer of the notices), L’approcio all’uomo bizantino attraverso l’occhio di un collezionista (Athens, 2002), 65-66. Some seals are illegible. 99. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Bust of a saint, orans. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) t(ῷ) s(ῷ) d(ouvlῳ) Basileivῳ. 147

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100. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: +K(uvri)e b(ohv)q(ei) Bavrda/ Remarks:  The last word is perhaps (prw)to(pro)evªdrῳº. 102. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Bust of St Panteleimon, orans. Rev.: +Sfragiv" eijmi eujtelou'" (mon)ac(ou') Basileivou. 103. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, orans. Rev.: +ªἉgºnh; skevªpoiº" me Muvªrwºna so;n ªoijkºevthn. 104. Proposed date: XI/XII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, orans. Rev.: + Q(eotov)ke b(ohv)q(ei) to;n Ἀpavsion to;n Pakouriavnon. Remarks:  The magistros Apasios was the brother of Gregorios Pakourianos. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Die Familie Hexamilites. Ein Beitrag zur byzantinischen Prosopographie,” Hellenika 52 (2002), 243-258. 3. Proposed date: X c., second half-beginning of the XI c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps, with fleurons. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Κωνσταντίνῳ β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 4. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει Σεργίῳ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ, β. νοταρίῳ Rev.: καὶ κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 5. Proposed date: XI c., first half. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ ὁ τοῦ Ἑξαμιλίτου. 7a. Proposed date: 1040-1060. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type “Minimalorantengestus”. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Γεωργίῳ σπαθαροκανδιδάτῳ πρωτονοταρίῳ καὶ κριτῇ Σελευκείας τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 7b. Proposed date: 1040-1060. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type “Minimalorantengestus”. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Γεωργίῳ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῶν Ἀρμενικῶν θεμάτων ὁ Ἑξαμιλίτης. 9. Proposed date: Second-third quarter of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of the St. Theodore. Rev.: Σισιννίῳ β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 10. Proposed date: middle of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Nikopoios. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλίνου κριτῇ Σελευκείας καὶ κουράτωρι Ταρσοῦ τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 11. Proposed date: middle of the XI c. Obv.: The Virgin seated on a throne, holding the Child in her lap. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ κένσωρα (καὶ) κριτὴν Παφλαγονίας τὸν Ἑξαμιλίτην. 148

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12. Proposed date: middle to third quarter of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Λέοντος αὕτη σφραγὶς Ἑξαμιλίτου τῦπον φέρουσα Μιχαὴλ πρωτοστάτου. 13. Proposed date: Third quarter of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Hagiosoritissa. Rev.: ..... - πρόεδρῳ κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τοῦ Χαρσιανοῦ τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 14a. Proposed date: Third quarter of the XI c. Obv.: The Virgin seated on a backless throne, holding the Child in her lap. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ πατρικίῳ ὑπάτῳ κριτῇ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τοῦ Ὀψικίου τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 14b. Proposed date: Third quarter of the XI c. Obv.: The Virgin seated on a backless throne, holding the Child in her lap. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ πατρικίῳ ἀνθυπάτῳ βέστῃ κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῶν Ἀνατολικῶν τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 15. Proposed date: Last third of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Episkepsis. Rev.: Λέοντός εἰμι σφραγὶς Ἑξαμιλίτου. 16. Proposed date: Last third of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Episkepsis. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Λεοντᾷ σπαθαροκανδιδάτῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλίνου τῷ τοῦ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 17i. Proposed date: 1065-ca. 1073. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Σεργίῳ Rev.: βέστῃ καὶ κριτῇ τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 17ii. Proposed date: 1065-ca. 1073. Obv.: Σεργίῳ βέστῃ Rev.: καὶ κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 17iii. Proposed date: 1065-ca. 1073. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει Σεργίῳ βέστῃ κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου Rev.: καὶ τῶν Θρᾳκησίων τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 17iv. Proposed date: 1070-1080. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει Σεργίῳ βεστάρχῃ Rev.: καὶ κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 17v. Proposed date: Ca. 1077-ca. 1081. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει Σεργίῳ πρωτοπροέδρῳ Rev.: καὶ κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 17vi. Proposed date: Ca. 1080. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Σεργίῳ πρωτοπροέδρῳ Rev.: δικαιοφύλακι καὶ ἐπάρχῳ τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 18a. Proposed date: Before 1088. Obv.: The Virgin seated on a backless throne holding the medallion with the Child before her. Rev.: Ἐπιφανίῳ βεστάρχῃ καὶ κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. 149

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20. Proposed date: XII c., first half. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Ὁμώνυμον σόν Ἑξαμιλίτην σκέποις. 21. Proposed date: XII c. Obv.: Bust of St. John Prodromos. Rev.: Ἰωάννου σφράγισμα Ἑξαμιλίτου. App. Proposed date: Late XI c.-early XII c. Obv.: St. Theodore, standing. Rev.: Ὁμώνυμόν σον δούκα κουροπαλάτην μάρτυς μ᾿ Ἑξαμιλίου πολίτην σκέποις. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Προσωπογραφία και Σφραγιστική: Κριταί Καππαδοκίας (10ος-11ος αι.). Σκέψεις σχετικά με την επιστημονική προσέγγιση του σφραγιστικού υλικού,” in: Πρακτικά του Στ ´ Συνεδρίου για τον Ελληνισμό της Μικράς Ασίας, (Thessaloniki, 2002), 41-54. 1. Proposed date: End of the X c.-beginning of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Μιχαὴλ σπαθαροκανδιδάτῳ ἀσηκρῆτις καὶ κριτῇ Καππαδοκίας. 2. Proposed date: First quarter of the XI c. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαὴλ ἀσηκρῆτις Rev.: β. νοταρίῳ τοῦ εἰδικοῦ λόγου καὶ κριτῇ Κ. 3. Proposed date: Ca. 1030. Obv.: Bust of St. Demetrios. Rev.: Ὑπατίῳ σπαθαροκανδιδάτῳ ἀσηκρῆτις καὶ κριτῇ Κ. 3a. Proposed date: Ca. 1040-1050. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Ὑπατίῳ κριτῇ Κ. 4. Proposed date: 1040-before 1050. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Κωνσταντίνῳ χαρτουλαρίῳ τοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ λογοθεσίου Rev.: κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ Κ. 5. Proposed date: Before the middle of the XI c. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Θεογνώστῳ ὀστιαρίῳ Rev.: κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. 6. Proposed date: Ca. 1050. Obv.: Theotokos Hagiosoritissa, standing. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλίνου μυστογράφῳ κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. τῷ Νείλῳ (?) Remarks:  Other proposals: Νέρῃ, Νέγρῃ, Νεράιδᾳ, Νεμίτζῃ. 7. Proposed date: Middle of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Panteleimon. Rev.: Κωνσταντίνῳ πρωτονοταρίῳ καὶ μυστολέκτῃ κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. 8. Proposed date: Shortly after the middle of the XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria (Dexiokratousa). Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ πατρικίῳ κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. τῷ Κηβουλαρίῳ. Remarks:  Read: Κηρουλαρίῳ. 150

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9. Proposed date: 1050-1060. Obv.: St. Michael, standing. Traces of a circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Μιχαὴλ πατρικίῳ χαρτουλαρίῳ τοῦ γενικοῦ λογοθεσίου κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. 10. Proposed date: 1050-1060. Obv.: St. Demetrios, standing. Rev.: Ἀθλητὰ βοήθει Θεοδώρῳ ὑπάτῳ κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. 11. Proposed date: Shortly after 1060-1070. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Episkepsis, with a part of the invocative circular inscription. Rev.: Εὐθυμίῳ ἐξάκτωρι κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. τῷ Καραβιτζιώτῃ. 12. Proposed date: 1070-1080. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Nikopoios, with circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Συμεὼν βεστάρχῃ κένσωρι καὶ κριτῇ Κ. τῷ Οὐρανῷ. Addendum ex Freeman and Sear (Los Angeles), Mail Bid Sale 8 (5.2.2003), no. 549 Proposed date: Second quarter of the XI c. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλίνου χαρτουλαρίῳ τοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ λογοθεσίου Rev.: ἐξάκτωρι κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῆς Κ. Note: Szemioth-Wasilewski proposed for no. 49, p. 36 the following dubious reading: Πέτρος β. πρωτοσπαθάριος καὶ κριτὴς Καππαδοκίας, but W. Seibt prefers as hypothesis Πέτρῳ β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἀσηκρῆτις καὶ κριτῇ 9K.. The geographical name is uncertain, the last (existing) letter can be a 9P or 9H. Proposed date: Early XI c. and not X-XI c. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Prosopographische Konsequenzen aus der möglichst genauen Datierung byzantinischer Bleisiegel,” in: W. Hörandner - J. Koder M. A. Stassinopoulou (eds.), Wiener Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik. Beiträge zum Symposion vierzig Jahre Institut für Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik der Universität Wien im Gedenken an Herbert Hunger (Wien, 4.-7. Dezember 2002) (Byzantina et Neograeca Vindobonensia 25) (Vienna, 2004), 482-486. Ia. Obv.: St. Theodore Tiron, standing. Rev.: Σαμουὴλ βεστάρχης καὶ δοὺξ Ἐδέσσης ὁ Ἀλουσιάνος. Date: Ca. 1060-1070. Ib. Obv.: Bust of St. John Prodromos. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Σαμουὴλ βεστάρχῃ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῷ Ἀλουσιάνῳ. Date: 1060-1080. Ic. Obv. The Virgin seated on a backed throne, type Nikopoios. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Σαμουὴλ προέδρῳ καὶ δουκὶ τῷ Ἀλουσιάνῳ. Date: 1070-1090. Id. Obv.: The Virgin seated on a backless throne, holding the medallion of Christ before her. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Σαμουὴλ προέδρῳ καὶ δουκὶ τῷ Ἀλουσιάνῳ. Date: 1070-1090. 151

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IIa. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαὴλ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ, ἐξάκτωρι Rev.: κριτῇ τοῦ Αἰγαίου Πελάγους τῷ Βαρεῖ. Date: middle of the XI c. IIb. Obv.: Σφραγὶς μαγίστρου Μιχαὴλ τοῦ Βαρέως Rev.: τοῦ τὰς κρίσεις κρίνοντος ἔνθα νῦν κρίνει. Date: Ca. third quarter of the XI c. IIc. Obv.: The Virgin, type Hagiosoritissa, standing. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Μιχαὴλ μαγίστρῳ μεγάλῳ χαρτουλαρίῳ κριτῇ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῶν Βουκελλαρίων τῷ Βαρεῖ. Date: 1070-1080. IId. Obv.: The Virgin, type Hagiosoritissa, standing. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Μιχαὴλ προέδρῳ κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου καὶ κοιαίστωρι τῷ Βαρεῖ. Date: 1070-1090. IIe. Obv.: The Virgin, type Hagiosoritissa, standing. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Μιχαὴλ κουροπαλάτῃ τῷ Βαρεῖ. Date: 1090-ca.1093. IIf. Obv.: The Virgin, type Hagiosoritissa, standing. Rev.: Γραφὰς σφραγίζω Μιχαὴλ τοῦ Βαρέως. Date: last third of the XI c. IIg. Obv.: Bust of the St. John Prodromos. Rev.: Σφραγὶς δικαστοῦ Μιχαὴλ τοῦ Βαρέως. Date: Ca. middle of the XI c. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Beamte des Themas der Kibyrraioten,” H. Hellenkemper Friedrich Hild, Lykien und Pamphylien (Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8) (Vienna, 2004), 408-413 (Appendix B). Detailed chronological list of the military and civil functionaries of the theme of the Kibyrraiotai with many corrections and edition of new material. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Neue Siegel der 1. Hälfte des 9. Jh. aus Südostbulgarien. Mit einem Appendix zu den Drugubiten,” in Numizmatičny i sfragističny prinosi k’m istorijata na zapadnoto Černomorie. Meždunarodnaja konferentsija. Varna 12-15 sepremvri 2001 g. (Varna, 2004), 246-252. The seals belong to the collection D. Theodoridis. 1. Proposed date: First half of the IX c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram of Type Laurent V. Rev.: +ªCºristoªfºovrῳ b(asilikῷ) kandidavtῳ (kai;) kom(m)erªkiarivῳº Debelt(ou'). 2. Proposed date: Second quarter of the IX c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram of Type Laurent V. Rev.: +Kwnstant(ivnῳ) b(asilikῷ) sp(a)qa(rivῳ) k(ai;) kleisourav(rch)/ S(w)zop(ov)le(w"). 152

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3. Proposed date: First half of the IX c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram of Type Laurent V. Rev.: +Qeoktivstῳ b(asilikῷ) spaqar(ivῳ). 4. Proposed date: First half of the IX c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram of type Laurent V. Rev.: +Pevtr(ῳ) b(asilikῷ) spaqar(ivῳ) (kai;) a[rc(onti) Drougoub(itw'n). A.-K. Wassiliou, Review of DOSeals IV (2001), JÖB 54 (2004), 252-255; cf. W. Seibt, BZ 96 (2003), 748-752. 4.1.3.  Zacharias (?). Wassiliou: Zachaios? 4.1.5.  ...tes. Wassiliou: Perhaps Leon. Cf. Seibt, 748. 4.1.7.  Akepsimas. Wassiliou: Anthimos. Cf. Seibt, 748. 4.1.16.  Without Personal name. Wassiliou: Perhaps Ioannes. Cf. Seibt, 748. 4.1.38.  Without Personal name. Wassiliou: Perhaps Kosmas. 4.11.  (Preface). Berlin II, no. 306 erroneous reading as τοποτηρητὴς Παφλαγονίας. Wassiliou: κριτὴς ejπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου. 4.22.1.  Basil (?). Wassiliou: Michael. Cf. Seibt, 749. 4.22.32.  Artabasdos. Wassiliou: Other possibilities: Artabanes, Artakes. 4.22.37.  Timites. Wassiliou: Timonites; cf. Seibt, 749. 4.22.51.  Strategos of the Armeniakoi. Wassiliou: Archon tou Armamentou; cf. Seibt, 750. 4.32.2.  Ἄναρχε Κύριε καὶ ἐκ Θεοῦ λόγαι βοήθει. Wassiliou: Perhaps Ἀνάστασις σὺ Κύριε καὶ Θεοῦ Λόγε. 4.39.3.  Obv.: St. Theodore or Theodosios. Ἅγιε Θεόδωρε βοήθει... Wassiliou: Only St. Theodore. Ἅγιε Θεόδωρε ... 4. 40.4.  Salos (?). Wassiliou: Alternative readings: Salibas (?), Saloukes (?). 4.40.5.  Μιχαὴλ φύλαξε σὸν Σῶτερ ἀνθρώπων? χαρτουλαρίῳ δρόμου καὶ Χαρσιάνου. Wassiliou: Σῶτερ προέδρῳ (?) Μιχαὴλ φύλαξ ἔσο καὶ Χαρσιανοῦ χαρτουλαρίῳ δρόμου. Cf. Seibt 750. 4.40.13.  Without title, κριτὴς ἐπὶ τοῦ βήλου. Wassiliou: πρόεδρος, κριτὴς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου. Cf. Eadem, “Hexamilites,” Hellenika 52 (2002), 251, no. 13 and Seibt, 750. Commentary: Georgios Hexamilites in Konstantopoulos, Stamoules, no. 78 was judge of the Armenika themata and not of Armeniakon (DOSeals). Cf. Wassiliou, “Hexamilites,” 247-248, no. 7b. 44.3.6.  N. Kamateros. Wassiliou: Euthymios Karabitziotes. Cf. Eadem, “Προσωπογραφία και Σφραγιστική. Κριταί Kαππαδοκίας,” 49f.; Seibt Zarnitz 2.2.1 (commentary); Seibt BZ 96, 750. 4.43.12.  Aporos (?). Wassiliou: Pantoleon (?). Cf. Seibt 751. 4.46.3.  ὁ τοῦ Κατακάλου. Wassiliou: ὁ τοῦ Καραμάλλου. Cf. Seibt, 751. 4.50.1.  Βερίσσων (?). Wassiliou: Alternative reading: Κησκισίων. 4.51.1.  Sebastoupolis. Wassiliou: Sebasteia. 153

Seals Published (2002-2006)

4.68.6.  Protokankellarios. Wassiliou: Alternative reading: Megas kankellarios. 4.68.9.  Λόγοις ὁ Χρυσοῦς καὶ γραφαῖς ἔχει φύλαξ. Wassiliou: Λόγοις σύμπνεε καὶ γραφαῖς σκέπε φύλαξ. Cf. Seibt, 752. 4.74.3.  674-681. Wassiliou: 675/676 according to iconographical characteristics on imperial coins. Cf. Grierson, Catalogue, II/2, 514, 516, Pl. XXXII 8f.; W. Hahn, Moneta Imperii Byzantini, III, (Vienna, 1981), 150, Pl. 33, 35 and 46. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Ένα αξιοπρόσεκτο μολυβδόβουλλο της συλλογής Zarnitz. Ο επίσκοπος Ηρακλειουπόλεως Δομέτιος και ο άγιος Αθηνογένης,” Hellenika 55/2 (2005), 239-248. Obv.: St. Athenogenes, standing. Rev.: Δομετίου ἐπισκόπου Ἡρακλειουπόλεως. Date: VII/VIII c. Remarks:  No parallels. A.-K. Wassiliou, Review of DOSeals V (2005), JÖB 57 (2007), 397-400; cf. W. Seibt, BZ 100 (2007), 231-236. 5.6.7.  Demetrios? Wassiliou: Bekenes (?) 5.6.12.  Primikerios (?) and kleisouriarches. Wassiliou: Asekretis and judge. Cf. Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 68.1; Seibt, 232. 5.17.1.  Τιβεριάδος. Wassiliou: Τιβεριουπόλεως? 5.22.4.  Λέοντος δεσπότου. Wassiliou: Σταυρὸς Κύριος τοῦ παθόντος δεσπότου. 5.24.5.  9PT,XL. Wassiliou: ὁ τοῦ Χλευέρῃ (?). 5.25.9.  Χριστοφόρῳ (?). Wassiliou: Θεοπίστῳ (?). 5.42.43.  Τριγ... Wassiliou: Τριγόνης (?). Cf. Seibt, 234 (Gregoras?). 5.50.2.  Τοῦ καθηγουμένου τῆς ... Wassiliou: Τοῦ καθηγέτου μονῆς ... Cf. Seibt, 234. 5.54.2.  ...τὸν σὸν δοῦλον ...Wassiliou: με σόν or τὸν σόν ... 5.55.2.  Incomplete. Wassiliou: M9ON or M9EN for μόνον or μένω. Cf. Seibt, 235 (μάνδρας). 5.83.1.  Καθιγιτῇ. Wassiliou: Καθηγέτῃ instead of καθηγουμένῳ. Cf. Seibt, 235. 5.88.1.  Hypothesis: Τῶν καλλινίκων. Wassiliou: τῶν Ξυλινιτῶν. Cf. Seibt, 235. 5.94.1.  ΛVM. (St. Olympios?). Wassiliou: Ἀλυπίου (?) (monastery of St. Alypios). 5.104.1.  ἀφ᾿ ὧν. Wassiliou: νοῶν. Cf. Seibt, 235. 5.112.1.  Ζαρζηλήας. Wassiliou: Καραλίας. Cf. Seibt, BSl 35 (1974) 80 and Idem, BZ 100 (2007), 235.

154

AUCTIONS, 2002-2006 Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Triton V (January 15-16, 2002) 2303. Proposed date: XI century. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlw/ Nikhfovro/ ojstiarivw/ kai; (prwto).ounhg Remarks:  Perhaps prwtoκunhgῷ. 2304. Similar to Zacos, Seals II, no. 63a. Classical Numismatic Group (Lancaster, Pennsylvania - London), Sale 60 (22 May 2002) 2055a. Proposed date: Ca. VII c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, between two crosses, with the bust of Christ before her. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, with pellet in each angle, Κομιτᾶ. Remarks:  Without reading. 2055b. Proposed date: Ca. VII c. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore. Rev.: Σὸν Γρηγόριον οἰκέτην σῶσον, Λόγ(ε), τὸν δούκα λιταῖς μάρτυρ(ος) Θεοδώρου. Date: XI/XII c. Remarks:  About falsifications of this type cf. A. - K. Wassiliou, “Siegel in Kopie und Fälschung”, in: Ch. Gastgeber (ed.), Kopie und Fälschung (Graz, 2001), 137-139, no. 41. 2056-2057. Proposed date: Ca. 1074 (Nikephoros Botaneiates κουροπαλάτης). 2058. Proposed date: Ca. X-XII c. Obv.: St. Theodore, standing. Rev.: Βρανᾶν Μιχ(αὴλ) σὸν λάτριν, μάρτυς, σκέποις. Date: XII c., second half. Remarks:  Without reading.

2059. Proposed date: Ca. XI c. Obv.: Bust of the archangel Michael. Rev.: Κ(ύρι)ε β(ο)ήθ(ει) [Ἐπ](ι)φάνιο(ς) (πρωτο)σπ(αθάριος) (?) καὶ ταξιάρχης τ(ῷ) Ἐφορβ(η)ν(ῷ). Remarks:  Anacolouth. Incomplete and erroneous reading (Stephan). 2060. Proposed date: 1282-1328. Imperial seal. Andronikos II (1282-1328) or Andronikos III (1328-1341). Classical Numismatic Group (Lancaster, Pennsylvania - London), Sale 61 (2002) 2300. Proposed date: January 1170-March 1178. Patriarchal seal. Michael III (of Anchialos). 155

AUCTIONS

2304. Proposed date: Ca. late X c.-1204. Obv.: Bust of the archangel Michael. Rev.: Κ(ύρι)ε β(οή)θ(ει) τῷ σῷ δού(λῳ) Θεοδωρίτ(ῳ) βέστῃ (καὶ) κατεπάν(ω). Date: XI c., ca. middle. Remarks:  Erroneous reading (Theodore, Despot of Kademan?) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Electronic Auction 80 (January 7, 2004) 272. Proposed date: Early VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram: Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: +Bavrda/ patrikivw/. 274. Similar to Sode, Bleisiegel, no. 317. Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 242 (no. 637) 275. Proposed date: VII/VIII c. Obv.: +Sisinnivou ajpo; ejpavrcwn. Rev.: +douvlou th'" Qeotovkou. 276. Proposed date: 857-879. Obv.: Bust of St. Polycarp holding a book in the left hand. Rev.: +Mhtrofavnh" mhtropolivth" Smuvrnh". Remarks:  The saint is misidentified as St. Polyeuktos. 277. Proposed date: Ca. X c. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps with vine tendrils curling upward from the base. Circular inscription: +Kuvrie bohvqei tῷ sῷ douvlw/. Rev.: Micah;l basilikῷ prwtospaqarivw/ kai; strathgῷ Seleukeiva". Remarks:  Possibly the same as Münz Zentrum Sale 93, no. 584. Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Mail Bid Sale 66 (May 19, 2004) 1833. Proposed date: 1142-1194. Obv.: Bust of St. Peter. Rev.: Bust of Patriarch Aimery of Antioch. Circular inscription: +Aimericus patriarcha antiocenus. 1834. Proposed date: 1152-1187. Obv.: Knight on horseback profile r. Circular inscription: Raimundus comes tripolitanus. Rev.: City gate of Tripoli. Circular inscription: +Et hec sua civitas Tripolis. Remarks:  For a similar seal see Seyrig, no. 382. Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Mail Bid Sale 67 (September 22, 2004) 1879. Classical Numismatic Group 51 (September 15, 1999), no. 1659. 1894. Proposed date: 963-969. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin holding a medallion before her. Circular inscription: Qeotovke bohvqei. Rev.: Half-length bust of an imperial figure holding a long cross in the r. hand. Circular inscription: Nikhfovrw/. Remarks:  The figure is misidentified. It is the caesar Nikephoros Melissenos (1081-1104). For a similar specimen see Zacos - Veglery, no. 2698. 156

AUCTIONS

Classical Numismatic Group (Lancaster, Pennsylvania - London), Mail Bid Sale 69 (8 June 2005) 2269. Lot of three lead seals. Proposed date: Ca. VI-XII c. 1. Theodoros Bebaptismenos πρωτοσπαθάριος, ὕπατος καὶ στρατηγός (XI c., third quarter). For another specimen cf. SBS 8 (2003), 243, 765. 2. Obv.: St. Demetrios, standing. Rev.: Γραφὰς εβαστοῦ Λέοντς τοῦ Γηράρδου ροβλ(ύ)τα . Date: End of XII-XIII c. Remarks:  Cf. Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, 50. 3. Imperial seal. Justinian I. Rev.: Nike/Victoria between crosses. 2270. Lot of two seals. Proposed date: Ca. IX-XII c. 1. Obv.: St. George, standing. Rev.: N.N. χαρτοφύλαξ. Date: XII c., second half–XIII c. Remarks:  The editors proposed Gregorios as name. 2. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Nikopoios. Rev.: Κων(σταντίνῳ) [β(ασιλικῷ) (πρωτο)σ]παθ(αρίῳ) [χα]ρτουλ(αρίῳ) τοῦ [στ]ρατι(ω)τ(ικοῦ) [λ]ογοθ(εσίου) (καὶ) (πρωτο)νοτ(αρίῳ). Date: XI c., ca. first third. Remarks:  No reading. 2271. Lot of four seals. Proposed date: Ca. XI-XII c. 1. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Episkepsis. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: [Γεωργί]ῳ σεβαστ[ῷ] τῷ Παλα[ι]ολόγῳ. Date: XI/XII c. Remarks:  Cf. Konstantopulos, no. 493β (incomplete reading); SBS 8 (2003), 224, no. 2173. 2. Christophoros Timonites κριτὴς τοῦ βήλου. Date: Late XI c. Remarks:  Many parallels. Cf. Laurent, Corpus II, 828; Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, 260. 3. Georgios Palaiologos σεβαστός. Similar to no. 1, but from another boulloterion. 4. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps with fleurons. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Θωμᾷ πατρικ(ίῳ) πρ(αι)ποσίτ(ῳ) β(ασιλικῷ) (πρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ) (καὶ) λογοθέτ(ῃ) τ... - …. Date: XI c., ca. second quarter. Remarks:  Perhaps τοῦ δρόμου or τῶν ἀγελῶν. 157

AUCTIONS

2272. Lot of two seals. Proposed date: Ca. XI-XII c. 1. Imperial seal. Romanos I, Christophoros and Constantine VII (copy) . Remarks:  Cf. Zacos - Veglery, no. 66 (original). 2. Obv.: Composition of a Deesis. The Virgin, type Episkepsis in the center in a medallion, l. St. Peter standing, r. St. Paul standing. Rev.: Εὐστάθιον, πάναγνε, καὶ μύσται Λόγου, τῆς Ἀδριανοῦ τὸν θύτην σκέποιτέ με. Date: XII c., second half. Remarks:  No reading. Cf. Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 3.8. Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Mail Bid Sale 72 (June 14, 2006) 2167. Similar to Zacos, Seals II, no. 17e Freeman and Sear (Los Angeles), Mail Bid Sale 8 (5 February 2003) 549. Proposed date: Ca. XI c. Obv.: Κ(ύρι)ε β(οή)θ(ει) Ἰω(άννῃ) (πρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ) [ἐ(πὶ) τ(οῦ] χρ(υσο)(τρι)κλ(ίνου) χ(α)ρτ(ουλαρίῳ) τ(οῦ) στρ(α)[τ]ιωτ(ι)[κ(οῦ)] λογ(ο)θ(εσ(ί)ου Rev.: ἐξάκτωρ(ι), κριτ(ῇ) ἐπ(ὶ) [τ(οῦ)] ἱπποδρ(ό)μου (καὶ) τῆς Καππαδοκία(ς). Date: XI c., ca. 1020-1035. Remarks:  Incomplete reading. Freeman and Sear (Los Angeles), Mail Bid Sale 9 (16 July 2003) 728. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Θεοδ(ω)ρήτ(ῳ) (πρωτο)σπαθαρ(ίῳ) (καὶ) στρατηγ(ῷ). Remarks:  No reading. Cf. Jordanov, Preslav, no. 357. 729. Proposed date: XII c., middle. Obv.: St. George standing Rev.: Μάρτυς, Ἰωσὴφ Βρυέννιόν με σκέπ(οις). 730. Imperial seal. Andronikos II (1282-1328) or Andronikos III (1328-1341) Remarks:  In the catalogue latter is excluded. Gorny & Mosch (Munich), Sale 114 (4 March 2002) 454. Ekklesiekdikoi of Hagia Sophia. Date: XIII c. Gorny & Mosch, Sale 115 (5 March 2002) 1909. Anonymous seal of an emperor. Date: IV/V c. 1910. Obv.: Eagle with snake. Rev.: blank. Date: IX/X c. 158

AUCTIONS

1911. Imperial seal of Nikephoros III (Botaneiates). Date: 1078-1081. Cf. Zacos – Veglery 98b. 1912. Obv.: St. Demetrios, standing. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Θεοδώρῳ σεβαστῷ τῷ Κομνηνῷ. Date: Late XI c.; cf. J. - Cl. Cheynet, “L'iconographie des sceaux des Comnènes,” Cl. Ludwig (ed.), Siegel und Siegler. Akten des 8. inter. Symp. f. byz. Sigillographie (BBS 7) (Frankfurt am Main, 2005), 61, pl. II (196), fig. 5. Gorny & Mosch, Sale 117 (14 October 2002) 774. Imperial seal of Constantine IX (Monomachos) (1042-1055). Remarks:  Zacos - Veglery, no. 79a. Gorny & Mosch, Sale 118 (14-15 October 2002) 2588. Imperial seal of Constantine VII and Zoe (914-919). Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 62. 2589. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Θεοδωροκάνος πατρίκιος καὶ δοὺξ Ἀδριανοπόλεως. Date: Early XI c.; cf. Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 3.2. 2590. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Πέτρῳ ἀσηκρῆτις καὶ κριτῇ Σελευκείας, Ποδαντοῦ καὶ Tαρσοῦ τῷ Γυμνῷ. Date: XI c. (middle). Cf. Wassiliou-Seibt, Bleisiegel II, no. 205. 2591. Obv.: Representation of the church of Hagia Sophia. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ ἐπισκόπῳ Χαριουπόλεως (?) Date: XI c.; cf. Seyrig 239; Laurent, Corpus V/1, no. 335 (from a different boulloterion). 2592. Obv.: The Virgin Blachernitissa, standing. Rev.: Τὸν πρωταλλαγάτορα Μανικαΐτην πράττοντα καὶ γράφοντα, παρθένε, σκέπε. Date: XIII c. 2593. Cross on steps. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ β. κανδιδάτῳ καὶ πρωτονοταρίῳ. Date: IX c., second half. 2594. Obv.: Bust of Jesus Christ (cross without nimbus). Along the border, between two concentric circles, inscription starting at the top. Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ ἄρχοντα Βουλγαρίας. Rev.: Bust of the Virgin (early “Minimalorantengestus”). Along the border, between two concentric circles, inscription starting at the top. Θεοτόκε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ ἄρχοντα Βουλγαρίας. Remarks:  Michael I (Boris) 842-889. Cf. Jordanov, Corpus, fig. 14-24. 159

AUCTIONS

2595. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Δημητρίῳ κληρικῷ βοεάνῳ, ἀμήν. Date: IX c., second half. Remarks:  For βοάνος / βοεάνος cf. e.g. LBG I 283. 2769. Lot, partly with seals. 2775. Lot of 8 lead seals. Gorny & Mosch (Munich), Sale 122 (10-11 March 2003) 2397. Imperial seal of Leon III (717-720). 2398. Imperial seal of Andronikos II (1282-1328) or Andronikos III (13281341). 2399. Obv.: Composition of a Deesis. St. Peter (l.) and st. Paul (r.), standing; in the centre a medaillon of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Εὐστάθιον, πάναγνε καὶ μύσται Λόγου, τῆς Ἀδριανοῦ τὸν θύτην σκέποιτέ με. Date: XII c., second half. 2400. Repetition of Gorny & Mosch 118, no. 2593 (Ioannes b. kandidatos kai protonotarios). 2401. Obv.: St. Theodore, standing. Rev.: Βρανᾶν Μιχαὴλ σὸν λάτριν, μάρτυς, σκέποις. Date: XII c., second half. Gorny & Mosch, Sale 125 (13 October 2003) 632. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria, with Andronikos Rogerios, founder of the convent Theotokos Chrysokamariotissa, kneeling in front of her with a model of the church. Along the circumference, between two concentric circles, metrical inscription starting at the top. Σκέποις με, χρυσόπαστε παστὰς Κυρίου. Rev.: Monogram of Rogerios. Along the circumference, between two concentric circles, continues the metrical inscription starting at the top. Σεβαστὸν Ἀνδρόνικον ἐκ Ρογερίων. Date: XIIc., second half. Cf. Jordanov, Corpus II, no. 597. Gorny & Mosch, Sale 126 (13-14 October 2003) 3005. Imperial seal of Alexios I (1081-1118). 3006. Modern falsification of an imperial seal, imitating a piece of Romanos I, Christophoros and Constantine VII (922/24-931). Cf. Zacos-Veglery 66. Gorny & Mosch (Munich), Sale 134 (11-12 October 2004) 3337. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Uncertain monogram, probably Kamateros. Date: XII c., second half–XIII c. 3589. Lot of 9 seals. 3590. Lot of 6 seals. 160

AUCTIONS

Gorny & Mosch (Munich), Sale 138 (7-8 Mars 2005) 2674. Proposed date: 979-991. Obv.: The Virgin Hodegetria, standing (on a suppedaneum). Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Νικολάῳ ἀρχιεπισκόπῳ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως Νέας Ρώμης. Remarks:  Unknown seal of Nicolas II (Chrysoberges). 2675. Proposed date: X/XI c. Obv.: Jesus Christ, standing (on a suppedaneum). Inscription ὁ παντοκράτωρ. Rev.: Σκέποις Γαβριὴλ σὸν θύτην, παντοκράτωρ. Date: XII c., second half. 2676. Proposed date: X/XI c. Obv.: St. Nicolas, standing. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Συμεὼν βεστάρχῃ καὶ κατεπάνω Ἀδριανουπόλεως καὶ Μεσημβρίας. Date: XI c., second half. Cf. Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 3A.9. Gorny & Mosch (Munich), Sale 142 (10-11 October 2005) 3333. Proposed date: III c. Pythagoras seated, with a roll (“Buchrolle”) and sceptre before a globus. Above monogram ΠΥΘΑ. Date: V-VI c. Remarks:  A seated studying figure in front of a globus on a table. Above a monogram, probably Ἀνδρέου. 3336. Proposed date: 375-378. Obv.: Anonymous busts of two emperors, above a cross. Valentian I and Valens. Rev.: Victoria/Nike, standing. Remarks:  Doubtful identification. Obv. emperor with co-emperor or emperor with empress. Date: IV-V c. 3337. Repetition of Gorny & Mosch (Munich), 122 (10-11 Mars 2003), no. 2398 (Andronikos II or Andronikos III). 3338. Proposed date: Ca. 660-720. Obv.: St. Thekla orans, between two lions. Rev.: Θεοδώρου. Date: VII c. 3339. Proposed date: Ca. 715. Obv.: The emperor Anastasios II, standing. Indiction IB. Circular inscription: Συνετοῦ καὶ Νικήτα ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. Rev.: καὶ γενικῶν κομμερκιαρίων ἀποθήκης ΠΑΣ ?ΥΛΗΛΣΣ? ΣΗΔΗΛ? Date: 713/714. Remarks:  … ἀποθήκης Παμφυλίας καὶ Πισιδίας. 161

AUCTIONS

3340. Proposed date: Ca. 700-750. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ ὑπάτῳ. Date: VIII c., second half. 3341. Proposed date: Ca. 700-750. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Στεφάνῳ διοικητῇ. Date: VIII c., ca. second half. 3342. Proposed date: Ca. VIII c. Obv.: Cruciform monogram. Ἰωάννου. Along the circumference, between two concentric circles, traces of an inscription. Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Ὑπάτου. Along the circumference, between two concentric circles, traces of an inscription. Date: VII c. 3343. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Σταυρακίῳ ὑπάτῳ. Rev.: καὶ διοικητῇ τῶν ἐπαρχιῶν. 3344. Proposed date: Ca. 780-820. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: N.N. πατρικίῳ β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῶν Βουκελλαρίων. Date: VIII c., ca. second half. 3345. Proposed date: Ca. 810. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Εὐσταθίῳ β. σπαθαροκανδιδάτῳ καὶ κλεισουριάρχῃ Σελευκείας. Date: IX c., first half. 3346. Proposed date: Ca. IX c. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Ἀναστασίῳ κόμιτι καὶ ἐπείκτῃ.

3347. Repetition of Hirsch 189 (7-10 February 1996), no. 966 (Stylianos bishop of Sardeis). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 132. 3348. Proposed date: ca. 950-971. Obv.: Crux gemmata with tendrils. Circular inscription. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, Βασιλείῳ. In the quarters μαγίστρῳ. Circular inscription, beginning at the top, καὶ λογοθέτῃ τῶν ἀγελῶν. 3349. Proposed date: Ca. 1000-1050. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Circular inscription. Rev.: Σεργίῳ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ κριτῇ Μελιτηνῆς. Remarks:  Parallel to DOSeals 4.68.3. 3350. Proposed date: Ca. 1025-1050. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Ἰωάννῃ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλίνου ὑπάτῳ (?) κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ τῶν Ἀρμενιακῶν. Remarks:  Cf. Zacos, Seals II, no. 990. 162

AUCTIONS

3351. Proposed date: Ca. 1055-1060. Obv.: Virgin Hagiosoritissa standing. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Φωτεινῷ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ ὑπάτῳ. Date: XI c., second half. 3352. Proposed date: Ca. XI c. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Λέοντι στρατηγῷ. Rev.: καὶ ἀναγραφεῖ Σελευκείας τῷ Βλάγγᾳ. Remarks. Cf. Šandrovskaja-Seibt, no. 49. 3353. Proposed date: Ca. 1090-1150. Obv.: Οὗ σφραγίς εἰμι. Rev.: τὴν γραφὴν βλέπων νόει. Date: XI c., second half. 3355. Proposed date: ca. 1275-1300. Obv.: St. George standing. Rev.: Σφραγὶς ὁ μάρτυς τῶν ἐμῶν νῦν πρακτέων ὁμωνυμῶν μοι Σκαράνῳ Γεωργίῳ. Remarks:  Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, no. 232. 3356. Repetition of Münz Zentrum (Rheinland) 117 (10-13 September 2003) 685 (Georgios Tetragonites). Gorny & Mosch (Munich) 147 (6-7 Mars 2006) 2481. Proposed date: 365-366. Obv.: Bust of an emperor. Circular inscription [DN PROCO]PIVS P F AVG. Rev.: Victoria/Nike. 2482. Imperial seal of Constantine X (Doukas) (1059-1067) 2483. Proposed date: V/VI c. Obv.: Trident and tendril. Rev.: Epictetus. 2484. Proposed date: Ca. 550-650. Obv.: Εὐφημίας. Rev.: ὑπατίσσης. Date: VII c. 2485. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Eagle, snake, Christogram. Rev.: Δομετίου. 2486. Proposed date: VII c. Obv.: Χριστοφόρου ΑΑ. Rev.: Strange letters. 2487. Proposed date: 700-702. Obv.: The emperor Tiberius II, standing. Indiction IΔ and ΙΕ. Rev: καὶ γενικοῦ κομμερκιαρίου πρώτης καὶ δευτέρας τῶν Κιλικιῶν. Remarks:  Attributed to Constantine apo eparchon. 163

AUCTIONS

2488. Repetition of Hirsch 212 (22-24 November 2000), no. 681 (Stephanos b. spatharios kai chartoularios). Remarks:  Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 231. 2489. Proposed date: VIII c., second quarter. Obv.: Cruciform monogram, Ἰωάννῃ. Along the circumference, between two concentric circles, Θεοτόκε βοήθει. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, πατρικίῳ. Along the circumference, between two concentric circles, καὶ λογοθέτῃ τοῦ δρόμου. 2490. Proposed date: VIII c., ca. second third. Obv.: Invocative monogram, in the quarters Στεφάνῳ. Rev.: ῾Υπάτῳ, β. σπαθαροκανδιδάτῳ καὶ πρωτοστράτορι. 2491. Proposed date: Ca. 869/886. Obv.: Cross potent on steps. Circular inscription. Rev.: Λέοντι μαγίστρῳ, ἀνθυπάτῳ, β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ λογοθέτῃ τοῦ ὀξέως δρόμου. Date: IX c., second half. 2492. Proposed date: X c., ca. third quarter. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Rev.: Νικηφόρῳ πατρικίῳ τῷ Καραμάλλῳ. Date: X c., second half. 2493. Proposed date: Ca. 1000-1040. Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Κωνσταντῖνος πρωτοσπαθάριος, ἐπὶ τοῦ μαγλαβίου ὁ Ἀριανίτης. Date: XI c., second quarter. 2494. Proposed date: Ca. 1000-1050 Obv.: Bust of St. Stephen. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ ἐπισκόπῳ Ἀπαμείας. 2495. Proposed date: XI c., first half. Obv.: Bust of St. Zacharias. Rev.: Θεοφύλακτος πατρίκιος ὁ Ἁγιοζαχαρίτης. 2496. Proposed date: XI c., second half. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Πράξεις σφραγὶς κυροῦσα τὰς Νικολάου. 2497. Repetition of Hirsch 240 (2-4 May 2005), no. 779 (Koloneiates? Michael proedros). 2498. Repetition of Hirsch 205 (22-25 September 1999), no. 1177 (Maurokatakalon Gregorios). Remarks:  SBS 8 (2003), 229. Gorny & Mosch, Sale 152 (9-10 October 2006) 2678. Proposed date: After 527. Imperial seal (Justin I with Justinian). 164

AUCTIONS

2679. Proposed date: 876-886. Imperial seal (Basileios I). 2680. Proposed date: 920-944. Imperial seal (Romanos I) 2681. Proposed date: 1042-1055. Imperial seal (Constantine IX). 2682. Proposed date: 1055-1056. Obv.: Bust of Jesus Christ. Sigla and circular inscription. Rev.: Bust of the empress Thedora (sic). Remarks:  Rev. bust of the empress Irene Doukaina (1081-1118). Cf. Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 28. 2683. Proposed date: VI-VII c. Obv.: Eagle with invocative monogram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, Ῥωμανοῦ. Date: VII c. Remarks:  Alternative solutions: Μαρίνου, Μαριανοῦ. 2684. Repetition of Hirsch 240 (2-4 May 2005), no. 772 (Tatianos patrikios). 2685. Repetition of Schenk Behrens 89 (1 December 2004), no. 315 (Ioannes Plagiotes apo eparchon). 2686. Proposed date: VIII c. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram Θεοφυλάκτου. 2687. Repetition of Hirsch 240 (2-4 May 2005), no. 771 (Akylas hypatos). 2688. Repetition of Hirsch 240 (2-4 May 2005), no. 776 (Georgios patrikios). 2689. Repetition of Müller (Solingen), Sale 72 (23 October 1992), no. 680 (Gabriel droungarios). Remarks:  SBS 6 (1999), 143. 2690. Proposed date: ca. 720-740. Obv.: Invocative monogram Χριστέ, βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ. Rev.: Αὐγουστίνῳ πρωτοβεστιαρίῳ (sic). Remarks:  Pρωτοβεστίτορι. 2691. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 100 (8-10 September 1999), Lot 818, 71 (Theodotos hypatos). Remarks:  SBS 8 (2003), 244. 2692. Repetition of Lanz 62 (26 Novenber 1992) 975 (Ioulianos domestikos). Remarks:  SBS 6 (1999), 139. 2693. Proposed date: ca. 780-820. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Νικολάῳ πατρικίῳ, β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῶν Βουκελλαρίων. Remarks:  The name is uncertain. 165

AUCTIONS

2694. Repetition of Gorny & Mosch 142 (10-11 October 2005), no. 3345 (Eustathios b. spatharokandidatos kai kleisouriarches Seleukeias). 2695. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 100 (8-10 September 1999), Lot 818, 84 (Euphemianos b. spatharios kai epi tou manglabiou). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 2696. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 81 (30 March - 10 April 1995), no. 1512 (Niketas magistros, droungarios tou b. ploimou kai katepano ton ploimon). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 153. 2697. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 101 (15-18 December 1999), no. 566 (Symeon b. protospatharios kai anagrapheus ton Armeniakon). Cf. SBS 8, 244-245. 2698. Proposed date: Ca. 905-925. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps, tendrils. Circular inscription. Rev.: Λέοντι β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκειακῶν ὁ Ἀκάπνης. 2699. Repetition of Schenk Behrens 79 (17-18 March 2000), no. 346 (Eustathios b. protospatharios kai epi ton oikeiakon). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 252. 2700. Proposed date: Ca. 955-980. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin orans (“Minimalorantengestus”). Κύριε (sic) βοήθει Λέοντι. Rev.: Bust of St. John Theologos. Date: XI c. Remarks:  On the obv. minimal traces of a circular inscription. The name is not sure. 2701. Proposed date: X-XI c. Obv.: … τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Παύλῳ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλίνου Rev.: [κριτῇ ἐπὶ] τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ στρατιωτικῷ λογοθέτῃ. Date: XI c., first half. Cf. Laurent, Corpus II, no. 545. 2702. Repetition of Hirsch 196 (24-27 September 1997) 1033 (Leon? protospatharios, megas kourator kai krites ton Anatolikon). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 227. 2703. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ τῷ Γουναριώτῃ. Remarks:  Collection Seibt, Vienna. 2704. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of St. Stephen. Rev.: Γραφὰς Ἰωάννου σφραγΙΤ ΓΡΙΤΗ (sic) (attributed to the Venetian family Gritti). Date: Early XII th c. Remarks:  … σφραγίζω Ἀγρίτου. Cf. Šandrovskaja-Seibt, no. 6. 2705. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαὴλ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ Rev.: ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλίνου τῷ Μαραχᾷ. Remarks:  Cf. Cheynet, Antioche, no. 21. 166

AUCTIONS

2706. Repetition of Hirsch 186 (10-12 May 1995), no. 1636 (Basileios protospatharios kai krites Paphlagonias). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 130. 2707. Proposed date: Ca. 1020-1035. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαήλ Rev.: κριτῇ τῶν Ἀνατολικῶν. Date: XI c., first half. 2708. Repetition of Gorny & Mosch 142 (10-11 october 2005), no. 3350 (John protospatharios epi tou chrysotr., hypatos?, krites epi tou hippodromou kai ton Armeniakon). 2709. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria. Rev.: Τὸν Κατακαλὼν Νικόλαόν με σκέποις. Date: XIII c. (last third)–XIV c. (first half). 2710. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 100 (8-10 September 1999), Lot 818, 131 (Basileios Xeros magistros, krites of Aigaion Pelagos). Cf. SBS 8, 244. 2711. Proposed date: XI c. Obv.: ὁ ἅγιος Θεόδωρος (?) (sic). Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Γεωργίου ἐπισκόπου. Remarks:  On the obv. a bust of St. Thomas. Circular inscription. Ὁ ἅγιος Θωμᾶς. Rev.: Alternative solution Γρηγορίου ἐπισκόπου. 2712. Proposed date: Ca. XII c. Obv: Bust of Jesus Christ without nimbus. Rev.: Bust of a saint or of the Virgin (sic). Remarks:  Symeon of Bulgaria. Cf. Jordanov, Corpus 40ff. 2713. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 77 (13-15 April 1994), no. 1181 (Theodoros Megalommates). Remarks:  Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 151; Seibt-Zarnitz 4.1.8. 2912. Lot of 13 seals (partly with illustrations). Hauck and Aufhäuser (Munich), Sale 17 (18-19 Mars 2003) 751. Imperial Seal. The empress Theodora, wife of Michael VIII Palaiologos (1259-1282). Remarks:  Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 122. Hirsch, Sale 220 (21-22 February 2002) 1811. Obv.: Cruciform monogram with crosses. Βησήρ. Circular inscription Ἐξελοῦ με, Κύριε, ἐξ ἀνθρώπου πονηροῦ. Rev.: Inscribed cruciform monogram πατρικίου καὶ στρατηγοῦ. Circular inscription: Ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς ἀδίκου καὶ δολίου ρῦσαί με. Remarks:  Cf. SBS 6, 126-127; Wassiliou-Seibt, Bleisiegel II, 284 (720-741). 1813. Obv.: The Apostles Peter and Paul, standing. Rev.: Ἀποστόλων σκέποις με, δυὰς ἁγία, Τορνίκιον πρόεδρον ἐκ πάσης βλάβης. 167

AUCTIONS



Remarks:  Copper token. ΧΙ c., second half. Cf. W. Seibt, Sammlung KöhlerOsbahr V/4 (Duisburg 2001), no. 47.

Hirsch, Sale 223 (26-28 September 2002) 2509. Obv.: Bust of St. John Prodromos.

Rev.: Νικηφόρος ἐπίσκοπος Σβίδης. Remarks:  Collection Seibt. X c.

2510. Lot of 5 seals Remarks:  without figures. Hirsch, Sale 224 (20-22 November 2002) 945. Obv.: Ἐπισφραγίζει καὶ γραφὰς καὶ πρακτέα, σεβαστὸς Ἀνδρόνικος εἰς κῦρος πλέον Rev.: ῥιζῶν προελθὼν Δουκικῶν τὸ μητρόθεν καὶ Καματηρόβλαστος ἐκφὺς πατρόθεν. Date: Late XII c., ed. W. Seibt - A.-K. Wassiliou, “Spätbyzantinische metrische Siegellegenden,” S. Kolditz - R. C. Müller (ed.), Geschehenes und Geschriebenes. Studien zu Ehren von G. S. Henrich und K.-P. Matschke, (Leipzig, 2005), 144. Parallel: I. Jordanov, “Byzantine Lead Seals from the Stronghold Near Dobri Dol, Plovdiv Region,” RN 157 (2001), 468f., pl. 40, no. 25 (partly erroneous reading). 946. Obv.: Ιnvocative monogram Κύριε βοήθει with tetragram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram Σισιννίῳ. In the quarters στρατηγῷ. Date: Late VIII–first quarter of the IX c. 947. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ πατρικίῳ ὑπάτῳ τῷ Μανίκᾳ. Date: XI c., first half. 948. Repetition of Hirsch 195, no. 1020 (Katakalos Konstantinos b. protospatharios kai epi tou chrysotriklinou). Remarks:  SBS 8 (2003), 227. 949. Repetition of Hirsch 220, no. 1811 (Beser patrikios kai strategos).

950. Repetition of Hirsch 195, no. 1024 (Romanos b. protospatharios kai epi tes megales hetaireias). Remarks:  SBS 8 (2003), 227. 951. Repetition of Hirsch 195, no. 1023 (Theophilos). Remarks:  SBS 8 (2003), 227. Hirsch, Sale 229 (17-20 September 2003) 2674. Obv.: Bust of the Theotokos Episkepsis. Rev. Σφραγὶς ÔRadhnou' τῶν γραφῶν Κωνσταντίνου. Date: XI c., last third. Cf. Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, no. 217. 2675. Obv.: The Virgin seated on a high-backed throne, holding the Child in front of her. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Βασιλείῳ πατρικίῳ ἀνθυπάτῳ, κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου καὶ ἀντιπροσώπου ἐν τῷ σεκρέτῳ τῶν οἰκειακῶν τῷ Τζιρίθωνι. Date: Ca. 1060-1090. 168

AUCTIONS

2677. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Λέων δοῦλος Χριστοῦ. Date: IX c. Hirsch, Sale 233 (12-14 February 2004) 2194. Lot without figures. 2195. Lot without figures. 2196. Obv.: Bust of the apostle Peter. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Πέτρῳ πατρικίῳ καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ τοῦ βασιλέως ἡμῶν τοῦ ἁγίου. Date: XI c., second half. Hirsch, Sale 236 (23-25 September 2004) 2715. Obv.: Cruciform invocative monogram. Rev.: Πανθηρίῳ πατρικίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ Σικελίας. Date: IX c., second half. Hirsch, Sale 237 (24-26 November 2004) 1015. Obv.: Cruciform monogram Σεργίου. Rev.: Sergiu. Date: VII c. 1016. Obv.: Eagle, invocative monogram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Probable solutions: Ἰωάννου ἀπὸ ὑπάρχων, Ὑπατίου ἀπὸ ὑπάρχων. Date: VII c. 1017. Obv.: Busts of Leon III and Constantine V. Rev.: Τῶν βασιλικῶν κομμερκίων Ἀσίας καὶ Καρίας. Ἰνδ. Ζ. Date: 738/739. 1018. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Στεφάνῳ δρονγαρίῳ. Date: VIII c. 1019. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: N.N. β. πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῶν Θρᾳκησίων. Date: IX c., first half. 1020. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Συμεὼν ἐπισκόπῳ Δαμαλᾶ. Date: XI c., second–third quarter. Cf. Laurent, Corpus V/1, no. 569. 1021. Obv.: Θεοδοσίου ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. Rev.: Δούλου τῆς Θεοτόκου. Date: VII c. 169

AUCTIONS

1022. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Σφραγὶς Βασιλείου τοῦ Γλυκύ. Date: XII c. 1023. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ἰωάννῃ προέδρῳ τῷ Καλοκερίτῃ (?) or Καλονερίτῃ (?). Date: XI c., last third. 1024. Obv.: St. Michael standing. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Βασιλείῳ ῾Υπατᾷ. Date: XI c., second half. 1025. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Κωνσταντίνῳ τῷ Ὠπῷ. Date: XI c., last third. Hirsch, Sale 240 (2-4 May 2005) 763. Obv.: St. John Prodromos (?), standing. Letters at right B L M. Rev.: Vacat. Date: VII c. (?). 764. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Monogram Στεφάνῳ. Date: VIII c. 765. Obv.: Cruciform monogram. Probable solutions: Βάνου, Βαϊανοῦ, Βαανίου, Ἰοβιανοῦ, Ἰουβιανοῦ. Rev.: Cruciform monogram (Δούλου τ(ῆ)ς Θεοτόκου). Date: VII c. 766. Obv.: Invocative monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram Γεωργίῳ. In the quarters πατρικίῳ. Date: VIII c. 767. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Θεοδώρῳ ὑπάτῳ. Date: VIII c. 768. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Γεωργίῳ ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. Date: VIII c. 769. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Γεωργίῳ ὑπάτῳ. Date: VIII c. 770. Obv.: Eagle, invocative monogram. Rev.: Θεοφυλάκτῳ ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. Date: VIII c. 771. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Ἀκύλᾳ ὑπάτῳ· ἀμήν. Date: VIII c. 170

AUCTIONS

772. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Τατιανῷ πατρικίῳ. Date: VIII c. 773. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Ἀναστασίῳ νοταρίῳ. Date: VIII c. 774. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Λέων δοῦλος Χριστοῦ. Date: IX c. 775. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ ἀπὸ ὑπάτων. Date: VIII c. 776. Obv.: St. Theodore, standing. Rev.: Σώζοις μάγιστρον Γρηγόριον, παμμάκαρ. Date: XI c., second half. Cf. Zacos, Seals II, no. 484. 777. Obv.: St. George, standing. Rev.: Μάρτυς, σκέποις Ἄνθη με τὸν Βασιλάκην. Date: XII c. 778. Repetition from Hirsch 237 (24-26 November 2004), no. 1022 (Basileios Glykys). 779. Repetition from Hirsch 237 (24-26 November 2004), no. 1023 (Ioannes Kalokerites or Kalonerites, proedros). Hirsch, Sale 242 (22-24 September 2005) 2709. Obv.: Invocative monogram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram Χριστοφόρῳ. In the quarters ὑπάτῳ. Date: Late VIII - early IX c. 2710. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Rev.: Σεργίου ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. Remarks:  Modern falsification. F. Kovacs, Mail Bid Sale 15 (2003) 426. Proposed date: 787-815. Obv.: Bust of St. John Theologos. Traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: Τῷ σῷ [δού]λῳ Θεοφ[ά]νῃ ἀ(ρ)χιεπισ[κ(όπῳ) Ἐφέσ[ου]. Date: IX c., second half. Remarks:  The editor proposed as name Theophilos. The owner of the seal was perhaps identical with Theophanes mentioned 861 as archiepiskopos of Ephesos. Cf. Grumel, Regestes, no. 471; Zacos-Veglery, no. 2987. Leipziger Münzhandlung (Höhn), Sale 34 (2003) 417. Proposed date: 700-1100. Obv.: Bust of St. George (as martyr). Circular invocative inscription. 171

AUCTIONS

Rev.: Γεωργ(ί)ῳ β(ασιλικῷ) (πρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ) (καὶ) λογοθέτ(ῃ) τ(οῦ) σ[τρ]ατ(ι)(ω)τ(ι)κ(οῦ). Date: X. c. Remarks:  No reading. A parallel specimen in Laurent, Corpus II, no. 538. 418. Proposed date: After 800. Obv.: The apostels Peter and Paul standing. Circular inscription: Οὗ σφραγίς εἰμι. Rev.: The Virgin seated on a high-backed throne, holding Christ in her lap. Circular inscription: Τὴν γραφ(ὴ)ν γν(ώ)σ(ει) βλέπω(ν). Date: XI c., second half–XII c., beginning. Remarks:  No reading. 420. Proposed date: XII c., beginning. Iconographic seal. St. George / St. Demetrios. Date: XI-XII c. Leipziger Münzhandlung, Sale 39 (2004) 2291. Repetition of Leipziger Münzhandlung, Sale 34 (2003), no. 420 (St. George / St. Demetrios). 2292. Repetition of Leipziger Münzhandlung, Sale 34 (2003), no. 421 (anonymous metrical seal; Virgin / Peter and Paul). Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 109 (9-11 January 2002) 617. Proposed date: 696/97-703/704. Obv.: The emperor Leontios standing. 10th indiction. Minimal traces of a circular inscription. Proposed reconstruction: Κυριακοῦ ἀπὸ ὑπάτων Rev.: [(καί) γενικ]οῦ λογοθ[έ]του ἀποθή[κ]ης Ἰσαυρίας καὶ Λυκαονίας. Remarks:  696/97. Uncertain reconstruction of the legend on the obverse. About Kyriakos cf. Seibt-Zarnitz 1.3.7 (with commentary). 618. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 100 (8.-10.9.1999), no. 761 (Olbios apo eparchon). Remarks:  Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 243. 619. Proposed date: 867/873. Obv.: Patriarchal cross on steps. Between two borders of dots circular inscription. Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ β(ασιλικῷ) (πρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ) (καὶ) σακελλαρ(ίῳ). 620. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 100 (8-10 September 1999), no. 765 (Theodoros Bebaptismenos, strategos). Remarks:  Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 621. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 100 (8-10 September 1999), no. 766 (anonymous bishop of Nyssa) Remarks:  Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 172

AUCTIONS

622. Proposed date: 1060/1070. Obv.: Κένσωρα Bασίλειον ἡ σφραγὶς γράφει Rev.: σκρίβαν κριτήν τε τὸν ἐκ τοῦ γένους Σκρίβαν. Remarks:  XI c., third quarter. Cf. Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, no. 239. Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 110 (2-4 May 2002) 991. Proposed date: 1057-1059. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Ἰωάννῃ κουροπαλάτῃ καὶ δομεστίκῳ τῆς Δύσεως τῷ Κομνηνῷ. 992. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 108 (5-7 September 2001), no. 850. Remarks:  Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 247. Inscription [Eireno]poios. Cf. SBS 8, 31e (Koltsida-Makre). 1075. Lot of 4 plombs and 6 seals without figures. 1076. Proposed date: Ca. 570/950. Lot of 11 seals, without figures. Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 112 (2002) 1125. Proposed date: V c. Obv.: 3 figures. Rev.: Blank. Remarks:  Plomb. 1126. Proposed date: 800/840. Obv.: Cruciform monogram with tetragram. Rev.: Νικολάῳ β. σπαθαρίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῶν Θρᾳκησίων. Remarks:  The end of the legend is uncertain. Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 114 (8-10 January 2003) 1315. Proposed date: Ca. 650/700 Obv.: Constantinus. Rev.: episcopus ecclesiae Cataniae. 1316. Proposed date: Ca. 790/810. Obv.: Cruciform monogram, with tetragram. Rev.: Κωνσταντίνῳ ἐπὶ τῶν δεήσεων. Remarks:  IX c., first half. 1317. Proposed date: Ca. 1035. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore. Circular inscription. Rev.: Ἀζοτίῳ προέδρῳ, λογοθέτῃ τῶν ἀγελῶν, δομεστίκῳ τῶν σχολῶν τῆς Ἀνατολῆς. Remarks:  The name is uncertain, only the ending is clear: ZOT,. Cf. Wassiliou - Seibt, Bleisiegel II, no. 246 [Οὐμαραζότῃ (?)]. Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 117 (10-13 September 2003) 683. Repetition of Münz Zentrum Rheinland 114 (8-10 January 2003), no. 1316. 173

AUCTIONS

684. Proposed date: Ca. 1070/1085. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαὴλ μοναχῷ. Remarks:  XI c., last third. 685. Proposed date: Ca. 1125/1225. Obv.: Γεωργίου σφράγισμα Rev.: Τετραγωνίτου. Remarks:  XII c., second half. From the collection of G. Zacos. Cf. Auction Spink 135 (1999), no. 318. 686. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 102 (3-5 May 2000), no. 616 (Stephanos ostiarios). Remarks:  SBS 8 (2003), 246. Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 119 (14-16 January 2004) 598. Proposed date: 527-565. Seal of the emperor Justinian I. 599. Proposed date: † 550. Obv.: Head of an eagle. Rev.: Γερμανοῦ. Remarks:  VI c.(?), doubtful identification with the relative of Iustinian. 600. Proposed date: 750/770. Obv.: Invocative monogram, with tetragram. Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ β. σπαθαρίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῶν Κιβυρραιωτῶν. Remarks:  Better Σεργίῳ. VIII c., last third. Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 3175 and A.-K. Wassiliou, “Beamte des Themas der Kibyrraioten,” H. Hellenkemper F. Hild, Lykien und Pamphylien (Wien, 2005) (TIB 8), 407. Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 121 (12-14 May 2004) 1151. Proposed date: Ca. 550/600. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin between two crosses. Maria is holding a mandorla with Jesus Christ before her. Rev.: Cruciform monogram (Φωτίου). Remarks:  VII c. 1152. Proposed date: Ca. 550/650 Obv.: Eagle and lion (?). Rev.: Cruciform monogram (not read). Remarks:  Probably Μητροφάνους. VII c. 1153. Date: 821-829. Imperial seal of Michael II with Theophilos. 1154. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 86 (11-13 September 1996), no. 583 (Michael asekretis). 1155. Repetition of Münz Zentrum Rheinland 114 (8-10 January 2003), no. 684 (Michael monk). 174

AUCTIONS

Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 124 (12-14 January 2005) 1065. Proposed date: †544. Obv.: Eagle. Rev.: Σολομών. Remarks:  VII c. 1066. Proposed date: Ca. 930/980. Obv.: Between two concentric circles, inscription (Κύριε βοήθει) starting at the top. In the center cross, with tetragram. Rev.: Νικήτᾳ, μοναχῷ, συγκέλλῳ. Remarks:  Late X-early XI c. 1067. Proposed date: Ca. 980/1080. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Bust of St. Theodore. Semi-circular inscription: Λέων ὁ Θρασκέας. Remarks:  XI c. 1068. Proposed date: Ca. 1051. Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ βέστη, μαγίστρῳ καὶ κριτῇ τῶν Θρακησίων τῷ τοῦ Εὐθυμίου. 1069. Proposed date: Ca. 1070/1080. Obv.: Two concentric circles with the metrical inscription starting at the top. Τῶν Κιβυρραιωτῶν τὸν κριτὴν ἡ παρθένος. In the center the Virgin Episkepsis standing. Rev.: Θεοφύλακτον πρωτοβεστάρχην σκέποι (continuation of the metrical inscription). Remarks:  1075/1090. Parallels: Classical Numismatic Group 39 (18 September 1996), no. 2563; Gorny & Mosch 134 (11-12 October 2004), lot 3590. Cf. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Beamte des Themas der Kibyrraioten,” H. Hellenkemper F. Hild, Lykien und Pamphylien (Wien, 2005) (TIB 8), 414. 1070. Proposed date: Ca. 1070/1080. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ἀναστασίῳ τῷ Παχεῖ. Remarks:  XI c., ca. second half. 1071. Proposed date: Ca. 1070/1090. Obv.: Δημητρίου σφράγισμα Rev.: τοῦ πατρικίου. Remarks:  Late XI–beginning XII c. For this time Patrikios exists also as family name. 1072. Proposed date: Ca. 1070/1200. Obv.: St. Alexander, patriarch of Alexandria, standing. Rev.: Anastasis. 175

AUCTIONS



Remarks:  XI c., second half or later. The identification of the bishop on the obverse is very suspect. Seibt reads on the right side of the field ΛΑ and proposes Nikolaos.

1073. Proposed date: 1100/1200. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Σφράγισμα Δημουσέως (sic) τοῦ Εὐλογίου. Remarks:  δὴ Μουσέως. XII c., first half. 1074. Proposed date: Ca. 1250/1280. Obv.: Bust of St. Gregorios, bishop of Nyssa. Rev.: Κυροῦ γραφάς μου Ἰωάννου προέδρου Νύσσης ἐν …… Remarks:  Without photo. Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 129 (7-9 September 2005) 582. Obv. and Rev.: Victoria/Nike. 583. Plomb with monogram THR. Remarks:  Theodoru? Thracia? Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 131 (11 January 2006) 1004. Proposed date: 1068-1071. Imperial seal of Romanos IV Diogenes. Remarks:  Zacos-Veglery, no. 93; Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 24. 1005. Proposed date: 1071-1078. Imperial seal of Michael VII Doukas. Remarks:  Zacos-Veglery, no. 95; Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 25. 1008. Proposed date: 1078-1081. Imperial seal of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. 1009. Proposed date: Spring 1070. Obv.: Κύριε βοήθει Ἐρβεβίῳ προέδρῳ στρατηλάτῃ D Rev.: ..-IK-LIUPEREXO - S AK9AIFALHS - ANATvLES - TvFRAO. Remarks:  δί(καια) ὑπερέχοντι ἀκ(ε)φάλης Ἀνατ(ο)λῆς τ(ῷ) Φραγγο. Better 1071. Cf. W. Seibt, “Übernahm der französische Normanne Hervé (Erbebios Phrangopolos) nach der Katastrophe von Mantzikert das Kommando über die verbliebene Ostarmee?,” SBS 10, 89-96. 1010. Proposed date: Ca. 1065/1072. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Ζαχαρίᾳ βεστάρχῃ καὶ στρατηγῷ τῷ Φράγγῳ. Remarks:  XI c., last third. 1011. Proposed date: Ca. 1072-1078. Obv.: St. George standing. Rev.: Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Ἀπνελγαρίπῃ μαγίστρῳ. Remarks:  Cf. Zacos, Seals II, no. 362; Seyrig, no. 40. 1026. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens (Essen), Sale 82 (14-15 November 2001), no. 571 (Michael Ameras, protonobellisimos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 252. 176

AUCTIONS

1027. Proposed date: 1081-1118. Imperial seal of Alexios I Komnenos. Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 102a; Seibt, Bleisiegel, no. 27. 1030. Proposed date: 1094-after 1118. Obv.: Two concentric circles with invocative inscription starting at the top (Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ). In the centre bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Γεωργίῳ σεβαστῷ τῷ Παλαιολόγῳ. 1031. Proposed date: Attested 1116. Obv.: Σφραγὶς Βάρδᾳ Rev.: Βούρτζῃ τῷ Ἀντιοχίτῃ. Remarks:  not metrical. M. Grünbart, Varia sigillographica, SBS 9, 228-229. 1035. Proposed date: 1071-1095(-1098). Obv.: St. Theodore, standing. Rev.: Ὁμώνυμόν σον δούκα, κουροπαλάτην, μάρτυς, Χετάμνιον (sic) Μελιτηνῆς σκέποις. Remarks:  Χετάμην. Cf. Šandrovskaja-Seibt, no. 62 (ca. 1074). 1042. Proposed date: 1098-1108/1118. Obv.: Erroneous interpretation (Adam and Eva; annunciation; Joseph; scene of Christmas). Rev.: Anastasis. Remarks:  Obv.: Genesis. Ca. XI c., last third–XII c., first half. Erroneous assignment to the patriarch of Jerusalem, John VIII. 1075. Proposed date: 1130-1176. Obv.: Κοντοστεφάνου τὰς γραφὰς Ἀλεξίου Rev.: ἐγὼ κρατύνω Κομνηνοῦ τὸ μητρόθεν. Remarks:  † before 1156. Cf. A.-K. Wassiliou-Seibt, “Der Name Alexios Kontostephanos Komnenos. Identifizierungsvorschläge anhand sigillographischer Funde,” SBS 10, 25-32. 1076. Proposed date: 1166/1181. Obv.: Σφραγὶς αὕτη τὸν Βατάτζην μηνύει Rev.: σεβαστὸν Ἀνδρόνικον ἐκ τῆς ἀξίας. Remarks:  Collection Seibt, Vienna. 1150. Proposed date: 1185/1195. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Episkepsis. Rev.: Σφραγὶς σεβαστοῦ Νικηφόρου τοῦ Δούκα ῥίζαν γένους ἔχοντος ἐκ βασιλέων. Remarks:  ΧΙΙ c., last third. The same verse in Stavrakos, Bleisiegel, no. 77 (another boulloterion). 1151. Proposed date: 1189-1193/94. Obv.: The Virgin Episkepsis, standing. Rev.: Ταῖς τοῦ σεβαστοῦ Βατάτζη Βασιλείου γραφαῖς τὸ κῦρος, παντάνασσα, σὺ δίδου. Remarks:  SBS 7 (2002), 143f. (A.-K. Wassiliou). 177

AUCTIONS

1160. Proposed date: 1205-1221. Imperial seal of Theodoros I Laskaris. 1197. Repetition of Peus Nachf. 376 (29-30 October 2003), no. 1416 = Münz Zentrum 102 (3-5 May 2000), no. 617 (Ioannes Maurozomes Komnenos) Remarks:  Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 246. 1254. Repetition of Münz Zentrum 100 (8-10 September 1999), Lot 818, no. 138 (Konstantinos Tzimpeas) Remarks:  Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 1330. Proposed date: 1280/1300. Obv.: The Virgin Episkepsis, standing. Rev.: Τῶν ἐξισωτῶν τῆς Ἀχυράους, κόρη, καὶ τοῦ Καράντου πρακτέα διευλύτου. Remarks:  XIII c., cf. Seibt-Zarnitz 3.1.12. 1367. Repetition of Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 117 (10-13 September 2003), no. 686 (Stephanos ostiarios) (cf. above). Münz Zentrum Rheinland, Sale 132 (19-21 April 2006) 983. Proposed date: 1065/1200. Obv.: Bust of St. Demetrios. Rev.: Two concentric circles with inscription starting at the top. Σφραγὶς Αὐξεντίου ΕZΚP. In the centre a bust of St. George. Remarks:  At the end one should read EΞΚΙ [Ἑξ(α)κι(ονίτου)?]. Peus Nachf. (Frankfurt/ Main), Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003) 1249. Proposed date: 527-565. Imperial Seal. Justinian I. Rev.: Nike/Victoria between crosses. 1250. Proposed date: Ca. 530/580. Obv.: The head of the owner (female). Circular inscription: MAKEΔWNIC. Rev.: Head of a satyr (?) 1251. Proposed date: Ca. 540/580. Obv.: Sergiu. Rev.: Block monogram. Perhaps Ἀπολλωνίου. Date: VI c.–VII c., first half. Remarks:  For the Rev. the editors proposed erroneously ἀπὸ ὑπάτων. 1252. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 100 (8-10 September 1999), Lot 818, 28 (Euagrios). 1253. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 637 (Philippos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239. 1254. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 634 (Ammonios Exkeptor). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239. 1255. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 636 (Deinostratos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239. Remarks:  Alternative solution Tetradios (Τετραδίου). 178

AUCTIONS

1256. Repetition of Schulten, Sale (March 1990), no. 1109 (Sergios). 1257. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 77 (9-21 May 1999), no. 654 (Rostomios). Cf. SBS 10 (2009), 74. Remarks:  Alternative solution Τριμύθους (?). 1258. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 635 (Leontios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239 (Αἰνείου or Αὐξεντίου). 1259. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 100 (8-10 September 1999), Lot 818, 30 (Theodotos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 1260. Proposed date: Ca. 580/650. Obv.: An eagle killing a snake. Above a christogram. Rev.: Δομετίου. Date: VII c. 1261. Repetition of Grün, Sale 21 (1997), no. 790 (Eugenios). 1262. Repetition of Grün, Sale 21 (1997), no. 791 (the reading Παντολέοντος κόμιτος is not convincing). 1263. Proposed date: 616. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin. Rev.: Block monogram: Ὀλυμπίου. 1264. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 55 (1992), no. 505 (Athanasios asekretis). Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 755. 1265. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 93 (8-9 January 1998), no. 571 (Modestos presbyteros). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 235. 1266. Proposed date: Ca. 610/640. Obv.: Τρύφωνος στρατηλ(άτου) Rev.: (καὶ) ἀνθυπάτου. Date: VII c. 1267. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 781 (Romanos). 1268. Proposed date: Ca. 610/650. Obv.: Ὀβοδιάνου Rev.: ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. Date: VII c. 1269. Proposed date: ca. 610/650. Obv.: Ἠσαΐου (?) Rev.: χα(ρτουλαρίου) (sc. τοῦ στάβλου). Date: VII c. Remarks:  Alternative solution: χα(ρτουλάριος) τῶν ἀγελῶν. 1270. Repetition of Elsen, Sale 71 (2002), no. 1331 (Dionysios stratelates). 1271. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 93 (8-9 January 1998), no. 572 (Herakleitos βικάριος). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 235. 1272. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 922 (Pantoleon chartularios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 237. 179

AUCTIONS

1273. Repetition of Berlin I, no. 170 (Petros despotikos chartularios). 1274. Proposed date: Ca. 630/670. Obv.: Cruciform monogram Θεοδώρου Rev.: κουράτορ(ος). 1275. Proposed date: Ca. 640/660. Obv.. Cruciform monogram: Θεοδώρου Rev.: Cruciform monogram: ῥεφερενδαρίου. 1276. Repetition of Müller (Solingen), Sale 72 (23 October 1992), no. 667 (Theodoru πριμισκρινίου). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 142. 1277. Proposed date: ca. 640/680. Obv.: Cruciform monogram. The editors propose Σωστρατιανοῦ (?). Rev.: Vicarius Thracis. Date: VII c. Remarks:  Obv.: Alternative solution Ἰωάννου ἰλλουστρίου.

1278. Proposed date: 663/668. Obv.: Horseman Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Ἀνδρέου. In the quarters perhaps Cubicular(ii) and not Cubicularius italos. Date: VII c. Remarks:  BZ 97 (2004), 462, no. 1890 (W. Seibt) 1279. Repetition of Athena, Sale 3 (1990), no. 619 (Θεομήδους;). 1280. Repetition of Künker, Sale 20 (1991), no. 1078 (Georgios hypatos). 1281. Repetition of Schulten (March 1990), no. 1115 (Ioannes Plagiotes illustrios). Cf. Berlin I, no. 165. 1282. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 100 (8-10 September), Lot 818, 42 (Ioannes Plagiotes apo eparchon). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 1283. Repetition of Italo Vecchi, Sale 5 (5 Mars 1997), no. 1024 (Georgius notarius). Cf. Laurent, Vatican, no. 137. 1284. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 77 (19-21 May 1999) 659 (Muselios asecretis). Cf. SBS 3 (2003), 250. 1285. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998) 486 (Paulos). Cf. SBS 3 (2003), 249. 1286. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999) 642 (Petros apo hypaton, patrikios). Cf. SBS 3 (2003), 242. 1287. Proposed date: Ca. 670/705. Obv.: Eagle. Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Θεοδώρῳ. Remarks:  Other possibilities: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Θεοδώρου or Δωροθέου or Ἰσιδώρου. 1288. Proposed date: Ca. 670/710. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Βάρδᾳ πατρικίῳ. Date: VIII c. 180

AUCTIONS

1289. Proposed date: Ca. 670/710. Obv.: Invocative monogram Θεοτόκε βοήθει. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Γεωργίῳ κόμιτι. Date: VIII c. 1290. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 913 (Georgios skribon). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 237. 1291. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 917 (Georgios apo hypaton). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 237. 1292. Repetition of Sternberg, Sale 77 (1999) 658 (Archelaos apo eparchon). 1293. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 641 (Ioannes elachistos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 240. 1294. Repetition of Grün, Sale 22 (1998), no. 507 (Sisinnios apo eparchon). 1295. Repetition of Münz Zenrtum 81 (30 March – 1 April 1995), no. 1507 (Sisinnios apo eparchon, doulos tes Theotokou). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 153. 1296. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 95 (9 March 1999), no. 1054 (Komitas hypatos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 220. 1297. Repetition of Grün, Sale 22 (1998), no. 508 (Θεοδώρῳ υἱῷ Πέτρου or Πέτρῳ υἱῷ Θεοδώρου). Remarks:  Uncertain reading. 1298. Proposed date: Ca. 670/720. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent II. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Ἱέρωνος. Date: VII c. 1299. Proposed date: Ca. 670/720. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: τοῦ δούλου σου Θεοτέκνου. Date: VII c. 1300. Proposed date: Ca. 670/720. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent I. Rev.: Cruciform monogram: Θεοτέκνῳ στρατηλάτῃ. Date: VII/VIII c. 1301. Repetition of Grün, Sale 21 (1997), no. 794 (Michael). 1302. Repetition of Grün, Sale 22 (1998), no. 510 (Phloros hypatos). Cf. ZacosVeglery, no. 1591. 1303. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 109 (9-11 January 2002) 617 (Kyriakos apo hypaton, genikos logothetes apothekes Isaurias kai Lykaonias). 1304. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 93 (1998), no. 574 (Paulos eparchos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 235. 1305. Repetition of Kölner Münzkabinett, Sale 55 (7-8 April 1992), no. 510 (Ioannes bestitor). 181

AUCTIONS

1306. Proposed date: Ca. 680/720. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθη Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων. Date: VIII c. 1307. Proposed date: Ca. 680/720. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθ(ει) Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ πατρικί(ῳ). Date: VIII c. 1308. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 105 (10-12 January 2001), no. 6201 (Michael hegumenos?). 1309. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999), no. 639 (no reading). Cf. SBS 8 (2003) 242 (Abramios hypatos?). 1310. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999), no. 637 (no reading). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 242 (Μακροβίου ὑπάτου or Μακροβίου πατρικίου or Ἀβακοὺμ ὑπάτου). 1311. Similar to 1310 (from the same boulloterion). 1312. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 488 (Petros and Georgios apo eparchon). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 249. 1313. Early Byzantine seals (without illustrations). 1314. Proposed date: 700-702. Obv.: Tiberios II, standing. Traces of a circular inscription, [Κωνσταντίνου] ἀπὸ [ἐπάρχων]. Indiction ΙΔ and IE (?). Rev.: γενικοῦ κομμερκιαρίου [ἀ]ποθήκης [(πρώτης)] (καὶ) (δευτέρας) τῶν Κιλικιῶν. Remarks:  Name and title of the owner are not sure. 1315. Proposed date: 698-705. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Rev.: Ἡρακλείῳ πατρικίῳ. Date: VIII c., Ca. first half. 1316. Proposed date: ca. 695/710. Obv.: Θεοτόκε βοήθει Rev.: Τατιανῷ πατρικίῳ. Date: VIII c., ca. first half. 1317. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 927 (Theophanes imp. protospatharios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 237. 1318. Proposed date: Ca. 690/720. Obv.: Θερδάτου Rev.: δούλου τῆς Θεοτόκου. Date: VII c. 1319. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 640 (erroneous reading, Ἀρετοῦ). Remarks:  Perhaps Ἀρηλάτου. 182

AUCTIONS

1320. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 784 (Sisinnios patrikios and strategos). 1321. Repetition of Italo Vecchi, Sale 5 (5 March 1997) (Theodoros patrikios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 231. 1322. Repetition of Künker, Sale 25 (29 September - 1 October 1993), no. 561 (Basileios hypatos and chartoularios). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 138. 1323. Repetition of Grün, Sale 25 (1999), no. 467 (Artemios hypatos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003) 225. 1324. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 90 (14-16 May 1997), no. 1045 (Sergios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 234. 1325. Repetition of Grün, Sale 23 (1993), no. 565 (Georgios apo eparchon and droungarios). 1326. Repetition of Grün, Sale 21 (1997), no. 792 (Sergius ex consul et chartularius). 1327. Proposed date: Ca. 710/730. Obv.: Eagle, invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Ὀγκεάτῳ ὑπάτῳ. Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 669. 1328. Repetition of Lanz, Sale 60 (1992), no. 1017 (Niketas praipositos). 1329. Repetition of Hirsch, Sale 182 (4-6 May 1994), no. 1114 (Artabasdos patrikios, kouropalates and comes of Opsikion). Cf. Oikonomides, Dated Seals, no. 33 (another boulloterion). 1330. Repetition of Münz Zentrum , Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999), no. 643 (Ioannes? patrikios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 242. 1331. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 75 (4-6 May 1998), no. 623 (Georgios hypatos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 248. 1332. Proposed date: Ca. 720/740. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent I. In every quarter a star. Rev.: Cruciform monogram. Probably Agallianou, Ananiou, Anastasiou, Ioustinianou, Ioustinou, Iulianou, Stylianou etc. stratelatou. 1333. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 82 (29 April 1997), no. 420 (imperial kommerkia of Bithynia, Saloutaria, Pakatine and Lydia). Cf. DOSeals 3.24.4. 1334. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 77 (13-15 April 1974), no. 1168 (Beser patrikios kai strategos). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 150. 1335. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 97 (7-8 January 1999), no. 782 (Konstantinos hypatos and imp. protostrator). Cf. SBS 8 (2003) 241. 1336. Repetition of Grün, Sale (1998), no. 514 (Sisinnios). 1337. Repetition of Grün 14 (1995), no. 784 (Krateros, in genitive). Remarks:  Alternative solutions: Εὐκράτους, Κρατερίου. 1338. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 489 (Kosmas dioiketes). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 249. 183

AUCTIONS

1339. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 101 (15-18 December 1999), no. 562 (Theodosios bishop of Ephesos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 1340. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 643 (Ioannes hypatos, imp. protospatharios and protostrator). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 240. 1341. Repetition of Hirsch, Sale 182 (4-6 May 1994), no. 1116 (Bardanes [Tourkos] patrikios, imp. protospatharios and strategos ton Thrakesion). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 126. 1342. Repetition of Grün, Sale 18 (1996), no. 1096 (Bardanes patrikios, imp. protospatharios and strategos ton Thrakesion). Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 1750A and Seibt-Zarnitz 4.2.9. 1343. Lot of various Byzantine seals (repetitions). 1344. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 77 (19-21 May 1999), no. 664 (Photeinos hypatos and anagrapheus Thrakesion). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 250. 1345. Repetition of Hirsch, Sale 185 (15-18 February 1995), no. 1505 (Aimilianos protonotarios Thrakesion). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 129. 1346. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 93 (8-9 January 1998), no. 581 (Leon imp. kandidatos and domestikos Kibyrraioton). 1347. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999), no. 644 (Manuel, imp. protospatharios, epi ton oikeiakon and rhogator). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 242. 1348. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 109 (9-10 January 2002), no. 619 (Ioannes patrikios, imp. protospatharios and sakellarios). 1349. Repetition of Grün, Sale 25 (1999), no. 469 (Chairos?, imp. spatharokandidatos and tourmarches of Ephesos?). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 225. 1350. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 71 (3 May 1995), no. 960 (Petros Aminganos, imp. protospatharios). 1351. Proposed date: Ca. 910/930. Obv.: Floral ornament, traces of the circular invocative inscription. Rev.: [+Μ]ανο[υηλί]ῳ (πρωτο)σπ[αθ(αρίῳ) (καὶ) ἐ]πὶ το[ν] δεήσ[εο]ν. Date: IX c., ca. first half. Remarks:  The name of the owner is not sure. 1352. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 490 (Konstantinos klerikos, chartoularios and patriarchal exarchos Thrakes or Thrakesion). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 249. 1353. Proposed date: Ca. 920/940. Obv.: Nimbate patriarchal cross on steps, with fleurons. Circular inscription. Rev.: Μιχαὴλ β(ασιλικῷ) (πρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ) καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ χρυσοτρικλί(νου). 1354. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 491 (Basileios Gomostos, imp. primikerios, imp. protospatharios). Cf. Seibt, Beinamen, SBS 7 (2002), 132f. 184

AUCTIONS

1355. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 93 (8-9 January 1998), no. 582 (Michael imp. protospatharios, judge of Thrake and Makedonia). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 236. 1356. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 101 (15-18 December 1999), no. 565 (Ephraim monk and abbot Σπηλέου?). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 244. 1357. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 93 (8-9 January 1998), no. 584 (Michael imp. protospatharios and strategos of Seleukeia). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 236. 1358. Repetition of Italo Vecchi, Sale 5 (5 March 1997), no. 1008 (Ignatios bishop of Laryma). Cf. SBS 8 (2003) 231. 1359. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 86 (11-13 September 1996), no. 582 (Michael judge of Anatolikon). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 155. 1360. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 939 (Ioannes Kalopsychos, protospatharios, judge of the hippodrome and Seleukeia and kourator of Tarsos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 238. 1361. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999), no. 649 (Elias protospatharios and chartoularios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 242. 1362. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999), no. 648 (Kyriakos, imp. spatharokandidatos and ek prosopou of Mesembria). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 242. 1363. Repetition of Italo Vecchi, Sale 13 (3 September 1998), no. 1321 (Theophylaktos Gastropolos). Cf. A.-K. Wassiliou, SBS 9 (2006) 72, no. 4. 1364. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 90 (14-16 May 1997), no. 1050 (Alexios monk and bishop of Attaleia). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 234. 1365. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 647 (Thomas protospatharios, hypatos and strategos of Germanikeia). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 240. 1366. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 90 (12-13 October 1998), no. 1411 (Basileios Trichinopodes or Atrichinopodes, protospatharios, hypatos and strategos of Anabarzos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 219. 1367. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 84 (13 October 1997), no. 6209 ([incomplete] Theodoros Chryselios, judge). Cf. Seibt-Zarnitz 2.1.6. 1368. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 82 (14-15 November 2001), no. 570 ex Schenk-Behrens, Sale 81 (2001), no. 455 (Konstantinos protospatharios and hypatos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 252. 1369. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 788 (Nikephoros Theodorokanos, patrikios and strategos). 1370. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 87 (2 March 1998), no. 850 (Michael patrikios, megas chartoularios of the stratiotikon). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 219. 1371. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 93 (8-9 January 1998), no. 587 (Basileios Tzamandenos, protospatharios). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 236. 1372. Repetition of Classical Numismatic Group, Sale 33 (15 March 1995), no. 1901 (Romanos metropolitan of Kyzikos and synkellos). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 117; Zacos, Seals II, 879. 185

AUCTIONS

1373. Repetition of Künker, Sale 30 (1995), no. 460 (imperial seal; Romanos IV, Eudokia / Konstantios, Michael, Andronikos) (1068-1071). 1374. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 62 (1993), no. 730 (Gregorios doux). Perhaps an original seal. About various falsifications and copies s. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Siegel in Kopie und Fälschung,” Chr. Gastgeber (ed.), Kopie und Fälschung (Graz, 2000), 137ff. 1375. Proposed date: Ca. 1060/1080. Obv.: Bust of St. Theodore. Rev.: Κ(ύρι)ε β(οή)θ(ει) τῷ σῷ δού(λῳ) Παύλ(ῳ) π(ατ)ρι(κίῳ). 1376. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 109 (9-11 January 2002), no. 622 (Basileios Skribas, kensor, judge and skribas). 1377. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 105 (10-12 January 2001), no. 6209 (Theodoros metropolitan of Serrai). 1378. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 942 (Nikephoros Botaneiates, protoproedros and doux of Peloponnesos and Hellas). Cf. SBS 8 (2003) 238. About the career of the future emperor before 1078 see O. Karagiorgou, “ ‘Ἀπὸ Λάμπης λαμπτῆρα φωσφόρον ἐπιδημῆσαι τοῖς βασιλείοις προεσήμανον’ (Attaleiates XII 9-10, 175). On the way to the throne: the career of Nikephoros III Botaneiates before 1078,” Hypermachos. Studien zur Byzantinistik, Armenologie und Georgistik. Festschrift für Werner Seibt zum 65. Geburtstag, Hrsg. Chr. Stavrakos / A.-K. Wassiliou / M. K. Krikorian (Wiesbaden, 2008), 105-132. 1379. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 949 (Lukas monk). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239. 1380. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 492 (anonymous, charity seal). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 249. 1381. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 790 (Konstantinos Theodorokanos). Cf. Jordanov, Corpus II 229-236. 1382. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 494 (Romanos bishop of Alabanda). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 250. 1383. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 951 (misread as Michael Nikerites [sic]). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239 (Niketas). 1384. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 77 (19-21 May 1999), no. 666 (Theodoros Komnenos, kouropalates and dux of Paphlagonia). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 250-251. 1385. Repetition of Grün, Sale 23 (1998), no. 296 (Michael Sphondyles, spatharios epi tou chrysotriklinou, asekretis). 1386. Repetition of Grün, Sale 23 (1998), no. 299 (Ioannes Marchapsabos, monk and synkellos). 1387. Repetition of Sternberg, Sale 26 (1992), no. 506 (Philaretos Brachamios, protokouropalates and domestikos ton scholon tes Anatoles). 186

AUCTIONS

1388. Repetition of Sternberg, Sale 26 (1992), no. 507 (Philaretos Brachamios, sebastos and megas domestikos). 1389. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 80 (1994), no. 724 (Alexios Komnenos, sebastos and megas domestikos). 1390. Proposed date: 1081-1118 (Imperial seal. Alexios I). 1391. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 792 (Niketas bishop of Hypaipa). 1392. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 952 (Nikephoros Bourtzes, bestarches). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239. 1393. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 795 (iconographical seal. St. George, standing / St. Demetrios, standing). 1394. Repetition of Emporium, Sale 10 (1987), no. 1055. Obv.: St. George, standing. First half of the circular inscription, Οὗπερ σφραγὶς πέφυκα. Rev.: St. Demetrios, standing. Second half of the circular metrical inscription: γραφὴ δεικνύει. 1395. Proposed date: Ca. 1080/1120. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Κ(ύρι)ε β(οήθει) Νικολά(ῳ). Date: XII c. 1396. 6 various seals (repetitions). 1397. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 493 (Ioannes bestarches, the nephew of the phylax). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 249. 1398. Repetition of Sternberg, Sale 26 (1992), no. 508 (Romanos Philaretos, protonobellisimos). 1399. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 95 (9 March 1999), no. 1060 (misread) (Nikolaos monk and bishop Προΐνων). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 220. 1400. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 791 (David .IKEI-KA). The editor proposes Zikeika. 1401. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 81 (30 March-1 April 1995), no. 1525 (Basileios). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 154. 1402. Repetition of Grün, Sale 14 (1995), no. 794 (Thomas). 1403. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 97 (6-8 January 1999), no. 786 (Konstantinos) and not Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 649. Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 241. 1404. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 97 (6-8 January 1999), no. 789 (Stephanos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 241. 1405. Repetition of Hirsch, Sale 175 (23-26 September 1992), no. 1568 (Andronikos Lapardas). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 122. 1406. Repetition of Italo Vecchi, Sale 13 (4 September 1998), no. 1303 (Michael Ameras, protonobellisimos). 187

AUCTIONS

1407. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 96 (10-12 September 1998), no. 649 (Ioseph Batatzes). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 240. 1408. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 98 (5-7 May 1999), no. 654 (Ioannes Gabalas). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 243. 1409. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 84 (29-30 November 1995), no. 881 (Alexios Kekaumenos). Cf. SBS 6 (1999), 155. 1410. Proposed date: Ca. 1191/1198. Seal of the presbyteroi and ekklesiekdikoi of Hagia Sophia. Remarks:  About this group of seals and their iconography cf. J. Cotsonis, “The Virgin and Justinian on Seals of the Ekklesiekdikoi of Hagia Sophia,” DOP 56 (2002), 41-55 and DOSeals V 88ff. 1411. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 90 (14-16 May 1997), no. 1055 (Georgios Komnenodoukas Palaiologos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 235. 1412. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 76 (26-28 November 1998), no. 496 (and not 495) (Michael Stryphnos, sebastos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 250. 1413. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 90 (12-13 October 1998), no. 1413 (Georgios/ Theodoros). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 220. 1414. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 77 (19-21 May 1999), no. 668 (iconographical seal; Theotokos [“Minimalorantengestus”] / St. George). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 251. 1415. Proposed date: Ca. 1225/1255. Obv.: The Virgin, type Episkepsis, standing. Rev.: Τῶν ἐξισωτῶν τῆς Ἀχυράους, κόρη, καὶ τοῦ Καράντου πρακτέα διευλύτου. Remarks:  Cf. H. Hunger, SBS 4 (1995), 40. 1416. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 94 (13-15 May 1998), no. 953 (Ioannes Komnenos Maurozomes). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 239. 1417. Repetition of Gorny, Sale 90 (12-13 October 1998), no. 1414 (Georgios Skaranos). Cf. SBS 8 (2003), 220. 1418. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 69 (1994), no. 828 (patriarchal seal; Gregorios II, 1283-1289). 1419. Proposed date: 1357. Obv.: St. George, standing. Rev.: Σφράγισμα γραφῶν τοῦ Καλοχ(ω)ρινοῦ Θεοδώρου. Date: XIV c. Remarks:  Copy? Cf. W. Seibt, JÖB 33 (1983), 297f., no. 9. Rauch (Vienna), Mail Bid Sale 7 (23 January 2004) 1698. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V, with tetragram. Rev.: Ἰω(άννῃ) β(ασιλικῷ) σπαθαρίῳ. Proposed date: VII c. Remarks:  IX c., second half. 188

AUCTIONS

1699. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V, with tetragram. Rev.: Σισινίῳ νοταρ(ί)ῳ. ἀ[μ]ή[ν]. Proposed date: VII/VIII c. Remarks:  IX c. 1700. Obv.: Eagle, above a block monogram Πέτρου. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, with latin letters, Petri. Proposed date: VII/VIII c. Remarks:  VII c. 1701. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent VIII. Rev.: Ἀντ(ω)νίῳ μητροπολ(ί)τῃ πόλεως Κατάνης. Proposed date: VIII c. Remarks:  Incomplete. 1702. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V, with tetragram. Rev.: Ἀκύλᾳ ὑπάτῳ· ἀμήν. Proposed date: VII c. Remarks:  Erroneous reading (Skylla). Many parallels. Cf. SBS 6 (1999) 141, 149. 1703. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V or VIII, with tetragram. Rev.: […]v β(ασιλικῷ) σπαθ(αρίῳ) ἐκ πρ(οσώπου) τῶν Θρᾳκ(ι)σ(ίων). Date: IX c. Remarks:  Partly erroneous and incomplete reading. 1704. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, holding the medallion of Christ in front of her. Invocative circular inscription. Rev.: Θεοφυλάκτῳ διακ(όνῳ), κουβουκλ(εισίῳ) (καὶ) ῥεφερενδαρ(ίῳ). Proposed date: XI c. Remarks:  X c., first half. Partly erroneous and incomplete reading. 1705. Obv.: Bust of the Byzantine emperor Justin II, traces of a circular inscription. Rev.: Nike/Victoria between two crosses. Remarks:  before 578. Erroneous allocation to Justinian I. 1706. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V, with tetragram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, Γεωργίῳ. In the quarters ὑπ-ά-τ-ῳ. Proposed date: X c. Remarks:  VIII c., first half. 1707. Obv.: Crucifixion. Rev.: Κ(ύρι)ε βοήθει τῷ σεβαστῷ Μιχ(αήλ). Proposed date: X c. Remarks:  Late XI. c., erroneous reading (Nikolaus?). Perhaps identical with the son of Konstantinos, nephew of the patriarch Michael Kerullarios, attested as σεβαστός for 1094. Cf. Wassiliou-Seibt, Bleisiegel II, 83 A. 382. 1708. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Ἰω(άννου) σφράγισμα τοῦ Κοιλαδίτου. Proposed date: XI c. Remarks:  XII c., second half. Erroneous reading (Choladius). Cf. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Einige bisher unbekannte Namen auf byzantinischen Siegeln,” SBS 9 (2006), 76, no. 9. 189

AUCTIONS

1709. Iconographical seal. Obv.: Bust of St. John Chrysostomos. Rev.: Bust of St. George. Proposed date: XI c. Remarks:  XI /XII c. Erroneous identification of the obv. (St. Nicholas). 1710. Obv.: St. Demetrios, standing. Rev.: Κ(ύρι)ε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Ἀλεξίῳ σεβαστῷ καὶ μεγάλῳ δομεστίκῳ τῷ Κομνηνῷ. Proposed date: XI c. Remarks:  1078-1081; incomplete and erroneous reading (Constantinos Komnenos). Many parallels. 1711. Half of a seal of the πρεσβύτεροι καὶ ἐκκλησέκδικοι of the Great Church (Hagia Sophia). The emperor Justinian, part of the model of the church of St. Sophia. The second half of the circular inscription. Date: XII c. Cf. DOSeals 5.42.15. Remarks:  Partly erroneously interpreted (figure of a saint). Rauch, Mail Bid Sale 8 (1 October 2004) 687. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, Δοσιθέῳ or Θεοδοσίῳ. Date: VIII c. 688. Obv.: Bust of St. Michael. Rev.: Κων(σταντίνῳ) φύλαξ μοι τῷ σῷ οἰκέτῃ. Date: XI c., second half. 689. Seal of Michael, bishop of Philippoi. Date: XII c. 690. Obv.: The apostles Peter and Paul. Rev.: Πλάτωνος μητροπολίτου. Date: VII c. Rauch, Sale 75 (6-7 May 2005) 1056. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Episkepsis. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Γεωργίῳ σεβαστῷ τῷ Παλαιολόγ(ῳ). Date: XI/XII c. 1056. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, with bust of Christ before her. Rev.: Block monogram, perhaps Βυζακηνός. Rauch, Mail Bid Sale 9 (23 September 2005) 1548. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Cruciform monogram, perhaps Σερώῃ στράτωρι. Date: Early VIII c. 1549. Obv.: Eagle, with on invocative monogram, Θεοτόκε βοήθει. Rev.: Eagle, with a block monogram, Πέτρῳ ἐπάρχῳ. Date: Early VIII c. 190

AUCTIONS

Rauch, Sale 76 (17-18 October 2005) 670. Obv.: Bust of an emperor and co-emperor. Perhaps Theodosius I and Arcadius. Rev.: Nike/Victoria Date: Ca. second half V c. Rauch, Mail Bid Sale 10 (2 March 2006) 953. Obv.: St. Theodore, standing. Rev.: Σφραγὶς σεβαστοῦ Κομν(η)νοῦ Κωνσταντίνου. Date: XII c., last third - early XIII c. 954. Obv.: St. Theodore, standing. Rev.: Σφραγὶς Βασιλείου τοῦ Χαδαβαλίτου (?). Date: XII c., second half. Rauch, Sale 77 (10-11 November 2006) 767. Obv.: Bust of the emperor Constantine IX, circular inscription. Rev.: Bust of Jesus Christ. Proposed date: 1042-1055. 768. Obv.: The emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, standing. Circular inscription. Rev.: Bust of Jesus Christ. Proposed date: 1078-1081. 769. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Ἀθλητά, σῷζε τὴν γραφὴν τοῦ Μαγγάνη. Date: Later XI c. 770. Obv.: St. Demetrios, standing. Rev.: Κ(ύ)ριε βοήθει Ἀλεξίῳ προέδρῳ τῷ Κομνηνῷ. Date: Before 1078. Remarks: Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 2703. 771. Obv.: Theotokos Episkepsis, standing. Rev.: Patriarchal cross on steps. In the quarters IC-XC/N-K. Date: XII-XIII c. Rauch, Mail Bid Sale 11 (12 September 2006) 1448. Obv.: Bust of the St. Demetrios. Rev.: Σκέποις με, μάκαρ, τὸν πολλά σοι ποθοῦντι. Date: XI c., second half. Remarks:  Anacolouth. Cf. Jordanov, Preslav 449-451. 1149. Obv.: Κ(ύρι)ε β(οή)θ(ει) τῷ σῷ δού(λῳ) Θεοδώρ(ῳ) π(ατ)ρι(κίῳ) ἀνθυπάτ(ῳ) βέστῃ Rev.: καὶ κατεπάνω τῶν Παραδουναβιτ(ῶν) τῷ Πηγονί(τῃ). Date: Shortly after the middle of the XI c. Remarks:  Parallel to Jordanov, Corpus I, no. 58.2. 1450. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin. Circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Block monogram. Possible solutions: Ἀπροβίου, Βαπορίου or Προβατίου, if the monogram is complete. Date: VI c., end -VII c. 191

AUCTIONS

1451. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Episkepsis. Rev.: Θ(εοτό)κε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Γιαγούπῃ. Date: XII c., ca. last third - early XIII c. Schenk-Behrens (Essen), Sale (10-11 October 2002) 250. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 110 (2-4 May 2002), no. 991 (Ioannes Komnenos κουροπαλάτης καὶ δομέστικος τῶν σχολῶν τῆς Δύσεως). 251. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 110 (2-4 May 2002), no. 992 (Niketas πρόεδρος, πρωτοβεστιάριος καὶ δομέστικος τῶν σχολῶν τῆς Ἀνατολῆς). 252. Lot of 5 Byzantine seals, with two figures. 1. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin Hodegetria. Rev.: Ἰω(άννῃ) (πρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ), κένσ(ω)ρ(ι) (καὶ) ἀναγρα[φ(εῖ)] τῶν Θρακησίω(ν). Date: XI c., ca. second third. Cf. Seibt-Zarnitz, no. 2.2.10. 2. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin orans, type Blachernitissa. Rev.: Θ(εοτό)κε β(οή)θ(ει) τῷ σῷ δού(λῳ) Μ(ι)χαὴλ βασ{σ}ιλ(ι)κῷ ... Proposed date: 1080/1120. Remarks:  XI c., ca. second third. Misread as Βασιλικός (family name). Schenk-Behrens, Sale 85 (8-9 April 2003) 577. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 112, no. 1126 (Nikolas β. σπαθάριος καὶ στρατηγὸς τῶν Θρᾳκησίων). 578. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale (10-12 October 2002), no. 250 (Ioannes Komnenos κουροπαλάτης καὶ δομέστικος τῶν σχολῶν τῆς Δύσεως). Schenk-Behrens, Sale 86 (26 September 2003) 603. Obv.: Invocative monogram, Θεοτόκε βοήθει. Rev.: Block monogram, perhaps Παγκάλῳ (?) δρουγγαρίῳ. Proposed date: 690/730. 604. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 100 (8-10 September 1999), lot 818, no. 54 (Θεόδωρος ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων, υἱὸς Ἰωάννου). 605. Obv.: Γενναδίου δούλου τοῦ Θ(εο)ῦ. Rev.: Block monogram, χαρτουλαρίου, with two horses underneath (indication for τῶν ἀγελῶν?). Proposed date: 730/740. Remarks:  VII c. Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 1380; Laurent, Orghidan, no. 281. 606. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Ἀρταυάσδῳ β(ασιλικῷ) (πρωτο)σπ(αθαρίῳ) (καὶ) κόμ(ιτι) τοῦ Ὀψι(κίου). Proposed date: 754/775. Remarks:  In part misread as Κωνσταντίνῳ πατρικ(ίῳ). Cf. Oikonomides, Dated Seals, no. 45 (commentary); PmbZ, 632. 607. Lot of 4 seals (without figures). 192

AUCTIONS

608. Lot of 3 seals (without illustrations). Schenk-Behrens, Sale 87 (2 April 2004) 523. Repetition of Hirsch, Sale 212 (22-24 November 2000), no. 678 (Georgios Maniakes). 524. Repetition of Peus Nachf., Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003), no. 1270 (Dionysios stratelates). 525. Repetition of Peus Nachf., Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003), no. 1274 (Theodoros kourator). 526. Repetition of Gorny & Mosch, Sale 152 (9-10 October 2006) 2685 (Ioannes Plagiotes apo eparchon). 527. Repetition of Peus Nachf., Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003) 1300 (Theoteknos stratelates). 528. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 86 (26 September 2003) 603 (Pankalos? droungarios). 529. Repetition of Peus Nachf., Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003) 1316 (Tatianos patrikios). 530. Repetition of Peus Nachf., Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003) 1315 (Herakleios patrikios). 531. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 86 (26 September 2003) 604 (Theodoros ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων, υἱὸς Ἰωάννου). 532. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V, with tetragram. Rev.: Βαάνῃ β(ασιλικῷ) σπαθ(αρίῳ) (καὶ) τουρμάρχ(ῃ) τ(ῶ)ν Θρᾳκ(ησίων). Proposed date: ca. 740/780. 533. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 86 (26 September 2003) 606 (Artabasdos imp. protospatharios and comes of Thrakesion; partly misread). 534. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 117 (10-13 September 2003) 683 (Konstantinos epi ton deeseon). 535. Repetition of Münz Zentrum, Sale 109 (9-11 January 2002) (Ioannes imp. protospatharios and sakellarios). 536. Repetition of Peus Nachf., Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003) 1356 (Ephraim monk and hegoumenos of Spelaion). 537. Obv.: Bust of St. Basileios, with circular invocative inscription. Rev.: Γρ(η)γορί(ῳ) ἀρχιεπiσκ(όπῳ) Καισαρεία(ς) Καππαδοκίας. Proposed date: 940/990. 538. Obv.: Κένσωρα Βασίλειον [ἡ] σφραγὶς γράφει Rev.: [σ]κρί[β]αν, κριτήν τε τόν ἐκ τοῦ γένους Σκρίβαν. Proposed date: Ca. 1060/1070. Remarks:  XI c., third quarter. Schenk-Behrens, Sale 89 (1 December 2004) 312. Obv.: Bust of the Byzantine emperor Justin II, with circular inscription. Rev.: Nike/Victoria between two crosses. 193

AUCTIONS

Proposed date: 527-565. Date: 565-578. Remarks:  Erroneous attribution to Justinian I. 313. Proposed date: + 550 Obv.: Bust of the Byzantine emperor Anastasius or Justinian I. Rev.: Block monogram, Anastasius or Iustinianus. Date: 491-518 or 527-565. 314. Obv.: Dubious illustration of an animal? Rev.: Traces of letters. Remarks:  The commentator proposed for the obv. an eagle and for the rev. GER-MAN-OS. He identified the owner with the uncle of Justinian I. 315. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 87 (2 April 2004), no. 528 (Pankalos? droungarios). 316. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 87 (2 April 2004), no. 527 (Theoteknos stratelates). 317. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 87 (2 April 2004), no. 604 (Theodoros apo eparchon, son of John). 318. Proposed date: ca. 718/780. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V. Rev.: Ἀκύλᾳ ὑπάτῳ· ἀμήν. Date: VIII c., first half. Remarks:  Cf. Müller (Solingen), Sale 72 (23 October 1992), no. 693; ZacosVeglery, no. 3073 b (both specimens are from the same boulloterion). 319. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 87 (2 April 2004) 533 (Artabasdos, imp. protospatharios and comes of Opsikion). 320. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 87 (2 April 2004) 534 (Konstantinos epi ton deeseon). 321. Repetition of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 87 (2 April 2004) 535 (Ioannes imp. protospatharios and sakellarios). 322. Proposed date: Ca. 1020/1050. Obv.: Θ(εοτό)κε β(οή)θ(ει) τῷ σῷ δ(ούλῳ) Λέοντι (πρωτο)σπαθ(αρίῳ) Rev.: κριτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱπποδρ(ό)μου (καὶ) Σελευ[κ]είας. 323. Proposed date: Ca. 1020/1120. Obv.: Bust of St. George. Rev.: Πόθῳ σε, μάρτ(υς), ἱστορ(εῖ) Κων(σταν)τῖνος. Date: XII c., first half.

324. Proposed date: Ca. 1050/1200. Obv.: Bust of St. Nicholas. Rev.: Ἰωσὴφ ὁ Εὐγενιώτης. Date: XII c. Remarks:  The commentator read the Family name as Euxeniotes. 325. Lot of 10 seals (partly repetitions). 327. Lot of 4 seals (?) (partly repetitions). 194

AUCTIONS

Schenk-Behrens, Sale 90 (21 June 2005) 397-401. Repetitions of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 89 (1 December 2004) 402. Proposed date: Ca. 700/715. Obv.: Invocative monogram, type Laurent V, with tetragram. Rev.: Cruciform monogram Θεοφάνῃ, in the quarters βασι-λικ(ῷ) / σπαθαρ(ίῳ). Date: VIII c., first half. Remarks:  Cf. Zacos-Veglery, no. 2511. 403-405. Repetitions of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 89 (1 December 2004). 406. Proposed date: ca. 950/975. Obv.: Decorative cross, each arm ends in three pellets. On either side fleuron. Along the circumference invocative inscription. Rev.: Ἰωάννῃ β(ασιλικῷ) στράτορ(ι) καὶ ἄρχο(ντι) Στροβήλου. 407. Proposed date: Ca. 960/990. Obv.: Bust of the Virgin, type Nikopoios. Rev.: [Θ(εοτό)]κε β(οή)[θ(ει) Ἀ]γαλιανῷ ἀσ(η)κρῆτ[ι]ς. Date: XI c.; ca. 1040-1080.

408. Repetition of Peus Nachf., Sale 376 (29-30 October 2003), no. 1368 (Konstantinos, imp. protospatharios and hypatos). 409. Proposed date: Ca. 1071. Obv.: Κ(ύρι)ε βοήθει Σεργίῳ βέστ(ῃ) κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου Rev.: καὶ τῶν Θρᾳκησίων τῷ Ἑξαμιλίτῃ. Remarks:  Cf. A.-K. Wassiliou, “Die Familie Hexamilites. Ein Beitrag zur byzantinischen Prosopographie,” Hellenika 52 (2002), 254, no. 17iii; Wassiliou-Seibt, Bleisiegel II, 186 (1065 - ca. 1073). 410. Proposed date: Ca. 1071. Obv.: Κ(ύρι)ε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Κωνσταντίνῳ μαγίστρῳ Rev.: κριτῇ τοῦ βήλου (καὶ) τῶν Ἀνατολικῶν τῷ Προμουνδηνῷ. Remarks:  Cf. DOSeals 3.86.25; Seibt-Wassiliou, Bleisiegel II, 172 (10601070). 411. Proposed date: Ca. 1090/1150. Obv.: Μά[κ]αρ, β[ο]ήθει Rev.: Νικ[όλ]αε, Σ[τε]φάνῳ. Remarks:  XI c., ca. last quarter. 412. Blank. 413. Proposed date: 1191-1198. Patriarchal seal, Georgios II (Xiphilinos). 414. Proposed date: Ca. 1191/1198. Seal of the Presbyteroi and Ekklesekdikoi of Hagia Sophia. Schenk-Behrens, Sale 91 (21 December 2005) 286-295. Repetitions of Schenk-Behrens, Sale 90 (21 June 2005).

195

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἀarwvn, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  62 Ἀbakouvm, ὕpatoς,  182 (?) Ἀbouvkhr (?), notavrioς (?),  138 Ἀbravmioς, mhtropolivthς Ἀdavnhς,  115 spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ἀshkrῆtiς, ejk proswvpou,  114 ὕpatoς (?),  182 Ἀbuvdou, (ejk tῆς), grafeuvς, Nikovlaoς,  80 kovmhς, Kwnstanti'noς,  117 kovmhς, Leovntioς,  117 parafuvlax, Qeovktistoς,  118 parafuvlax, Qeofavnhς,  118 cartoulavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  118 Ἀgaqovnikoς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, kommerkiavrioς,  54 Ἀgallianovς, ἀshkrῆtiς,  195 tourmavrchς tῶn JElladikῶn,  11 Ἄggeloς, Douvkaς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  31 Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς III, basileuvς,  32, 74 Ἰsaavkioς II,  32, 57, 143 ἀgelῶn, ejk proswvpou, Levwn (?),  136 kovmhς, Plouti'noς,  127 logoqevthς, Basivleioς,  162 (?) logoqevthς, Qwmᾶς,  157 logoqevthς, Oὐmarazovthς (?),  173 (?) cartoulavrioς, Gennavdioς,  192 (?) cartoulavrioς, ∆Hsaΐaς,  179 Ἁgioapostolivthς, Levwn, prwtospaqavrioς,  44, 56 Ἁgiodhmhtriwvthς (?), Gewvrgioς, kastrofuvlax,  113 Ἁgiozacarivthς, Qeofuvlaktoς, patrivkioς,  164 Ἁgivou Basileivou (?), hJgouvmenoς (?), Eὐgevnioς,  64 Ἁgivou Dhmhtrivou (?), kastrofuvlax, Gewvrgioς,  113 Ἀgkuvraς, cf. Karivaς (?),  137 Ἀgrivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  166 Ἀgciavlou, ἀrciepivskopoς, Qeovdwroς,  47, 55, 59 ἀrciepivskopoς, Stevfanoς,  141 197

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἀdavnhς, mhtropolivthς, Ἀbravmioς,  115 strathgovς, Qeovdwroς,  113 Adeodatus, presbyter,  124 Ἀdrianovς, b. spaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Karabisiavnwn,  5 Ἀdrianoupovlewς, douvx, Qeodwrokavnoς,  159 quvthς (= metropolitan), Eὐstavqioς,  158, 160 katepavnw, Sumewvn,  161 mhtropolivthς,  51, 55, 57, 59 mhtropolivthς, Grhgovrioς (?),  56, 59 mhtropolivthς, Eὐstavqioς,  51, 59 mhtropolivthς, Panqhvrioς (?),  56, 59 Ἀevtioς, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Persqlabivtzaς,  35, 54 Ἀzovtioς, cf. Oὐmarazovthς (?),  173 Ἀqanavsioς, ἀshkrῆtiς,  179 tapeino;ς monacovς,  131 Aijgaivou Pelavgouς, drouggavrioς, Gewvrgioς,  113 krithvς, Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 krithvς, Xhrovς, Basivleioς,  167 qevma,  5 Aijqevrioς (?),  117 Aimericus, patriarcha antiocenus,  115, 156 Aijmilianovς,  115 (?) prwtonotavrioς Qra/khsivwn,  184 Aijneivaς (?),  78-79, 83, 179 Ἀkavpnhς, Levwn, b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; tῶn oijkeiakῶn,  166 Ἀkeyimᾶς, cf. Ἄnqimoς (?),  137, 153 Ἀkuvlaς, ὕpatoς,  165, 170, 189, 194 Ἀkuli'noς (?), ἔparcoς povlewς,  131 Ἀlabavndwn, ejpivskopoς, Ῥwmanovς,  186 Ἀlavbhnoς, doῦloς Cristoῦ,  122 Ἀlevxandroς,  21-22 notavrioς,  127 Ἀlevxioς, III, Ἄggeloς Komnhnovς, basileuvς,  32, 74 Branᾶς, Komnhnovblastoς, prwtosebastovς,  137 Kekaumevnoς,  188 I, Komnhnovς, basileuvς,  56, 160, 177, 186 Komnhnovς, provedroς,  191 Komnhnovς, sebastovς, mevgaς domevstikoς,  56, 187, (cf. Kwnstanti'noς Komnhnovς,  190) Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς (1),  26-32 198

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς (2),  30-32, 177 Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς (3),  31-32 despovthς,  112 doῦloς Cristoῦ,  122 monacovς, ejpivskopoς Ἀttaleivaς,  185 Ἀlousiavnoς, Samouhvl, bestavrchς, dou;x Ἐdevsshς,  151 Samouhvl, bestavrchς, strathgovς,  151 Samouhvl, provedroς, douvx,  151 Ἀlupivou (?),  154 Ἀlwpovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  40, 57 ÔAmartwlovς, cf. aJmartwlovς,  143 aJmartwlovς,  143 Ἀmaseivaς, mhtropolivthς, Stevfanoς,  86 Ἀmavstrhς (?), ejpivskopoς,  106 ἀmhrᾶς, Clevat, jAponavsar,  90 Ἀmhrᾶς, Micahvl, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  176, 187 Ἀminsoῦ, kommerkiavrioς, Kuriakovς,  143 (?) Ἀmmwvnioς ejxkevptwr,  178 Ἀnabavrzhς, strathgovς, Ἀtricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 strathgovς, Tricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 ἀnagrafeuvς, tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn, Sumewvn,  166 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Ἰwavnnhς,  192 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Fwteinovς,  184 Nivsou, Dekano;ς Nikhfovroς,  56 Seleukeivaς, Blavggaς, Levwn,  163 Ἀnastasiva, zwsth; patrikiva,  132 Ἀnastavsioς, 106 (?) Pacuvς, Ἀnastavsioς,  175 ἀrciepivskopoς Nikopovlewς,  131 kandidᾶtoς, prwtonotavrioς toῦ strathgoῦ Qra/khsivwn,  2 kovmhς, ejpeivkthς,  162 notavrioς,  171 ὕpatoς, b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς,  125 Anastasius, I (emperor),  194 (?) notarius,  127 Ἀnatolῆς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn, Bracavmioς, Filavretoς,  186 domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn, Kwnstanti'noς,  119 domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn, Nikhvtaς,  192 domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn, Oὐmarazovthς (?),  173 strathlavthς, Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς,  90, 92-93, 176 199

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἀnatolikῶn,  10, 12 krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Promoundhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  195 (cf. bhvlou) krithvς, Levwn (?),  166 krithvς, Micahvl,  167, 185 strathgovς,  11 strathgovς, Kovnwn,  11 strathgovς, Marianovς,  12 tourmavrchς, Nikaivaς,  11 Ἀndrevaς,  161 (?) ejpi; tῶn dehvsewn,  126 b. spaqavrioς, tourmavrchς,  11 Ἀndrovnikoς, Batavtzhς, sebastovς,  177 Douvkaς, prwtoprovedroς,  93 Douvkaς, sebastovς,  33, 56 Douvkaς Ἄggeloς,  31 Douvkaς, Kamathrovblastoς, sebastovς,  142, 168 I, Komnhnovς, basileuvς,  31 Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς (1) [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (2)],  30 Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς (2), mevgaς douvx [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (3)],  31 Lapardᾶς,  187 Lebounavkhς,  116 II, Palaiolovgoς, basileuvς,  120, 131, 155 (?), 158 (?), 160 (?), 161 (?) Ῥogevrioς, sebastovς,  160 Filavgrhς, provedroς,  42 III (?), basileuvς,  155, 158, 160, 161 II, basileu;ς Trapezoῦntoς,  131 IV, despovthς,  143 tourmavrchς Ἀracilavbhς,  139 ἀneyiovς toῦ fuvlakoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  187 Ἄnqhς, Basilavkhς,  171 patrivkioς, katepavnw tῶn b. ἀnqrwvpwn,  143 Ἄnqimoς (?),  137, 153 ἄnqrwpoς basilevwς, Pevtroς,  169 b. ἀnqrwvpwn, katepavnw, Ἄnqhς,  143 ἀnquvpatoς, Batavtzhς, Bruevnnioς,  55 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 Qeodwrokavnoς, Kwnstanti'noς,  135 Maurokatakalwvn, Grhgovrioς,  56, 118 Pentaktevnhς, Ἐpifavnioς,  131 Phgwnivthς, Qeovdwroς,  191 Tzirivqwn, Basivleioς,  168 Ἀswvtioς,  139 Ἰwavnnhς,  100 200

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Levwn,  109 (?), 120, 164 Nikhvtaς,  100 Nikovlaoς,  101, 107 Truvfwn,  179 Ἄnna,

Douvkaina, sebasthv,  35, 56 Komnhnhv, (qugavthr) Ἰwavnnou II Komnhnoῦ, basileuvς, Eijrhvnhς-Piroska, aὐgouvsta [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (1)],  26, 32 ἀnnwnevparcoς,  140 Ἀntioceivaς, douvx, Ἰasivthς,  Micahvl, 54 douvx, Kekaumevnoς,  Katakalwvn, 131 douvx, Tarcaneiwvthς,  Ἰwshvf, 129 douvx, Kwnstanti'noς,  119 katepavnw, Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 antiocenus patriarcha, Aimericus,  115, 156 Ἀntiocivthς, Cristovdouloς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, ὕpatoς,  114 prwtospaqavrioς,  35, 55 Ἀntiocivthς, Bouvrtzhς,  177 ἀntiproswpῶn toῦ sekrevtou tῶn oijkeiakῶn, Tzirivqwn, Basivleioς,  168 Ἀntwvnioς, II, ἀrciepivskopoς, Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  119 mhtropolivthς povlewς Katavnhς,  189 b. spaqarokoubikoulavrioς,  146 Ἀpameivaς, ejpivskopoς, Micahvl,  164 Ἀpavsioς, Pakourianovς,  148 Ἀpelavthς,  116 (?) patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Karabisiavnwn,  5 Ἀpnelgarivphς, mavgistroς,  176 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  70 Plagiwvthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  165, 180, 193 Ἀrcevlaoς,  181 Gewvrgioς,  141, 170, 182-183 Qeodovsioς,  169 Qeovdwroς,  103, 192, 194 Qeofuvlaktoς,  170 Ἰwavnnhς,  124, 169 (?), 182 Kwnstanti'noς (?),  163, 182 Maurivkioς,  127 Nikhvtaς,  161 Ὀbodianovς,  179 Ὄlbioς,  172 Pevtroς,  182 Sevrgioς,  103, 171 Sisivnnioς,  66, 156, 181 Stevfanoς,  124 201

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Sunetovς,  161 Ὑpavtioς (?),  169 ἀpo; ὐpavtwn, cf. Ἀpollwvnioς (?),  178 Gewvrgioς,  68, 181 Qeovdwroς,  7, 103 Ἰwavnnhς,  65, 171 Kuriakovς,  172 (?), 181 Pevtroς,  180 ἀpoqhvkhς, Ἰsaurivaς kai; Lukaonivaς, geniko;ς logoqevthς, Kuriakovς,  172, 181 Kolwneivaς, kommerkiavrioi,  3 Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, Nikhvtaς,  161 Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, Sunetovς,  161 prwvthς kai; deutevraς tῶn Kilikiῶn, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, Kwnstanti'noς,  182 Sikelivaς,  3 Ἀpokavphς, Basivleioς, provedroς, douvx,  113 Ἀpovkaukoς, Dhmhvtrioς,  57 Ἀpolevwn (?),  138 Ἀpollwvnioς (?),  178 Ἀponavsar, ἀmhrᾶς Clevat,  90 Ἀprovbioς (?),  191 Ἀracilavbhς, tourmavrchς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  139 Ἀrgurovς, Povqoς, patrivkioς,  114 Ἀreovbindoς, kommerkiavrioς Tuvrou,  114 Ἀretovς, cf. Ἀrhvlatoς (?),  182 Ἀrhvlatoς (?),  182 Ἀrianivthς, Kwnstanti'noς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ maglabivou,  164 Ἀrkavdioς, basileuvς,  19 ejpivskopoς Nobogravdou,  39 ἀrmamevntou, ἄrcwn,  137, 153 Ἀrmeniakoῦ ejparciῶn, kommerkiavrioi,  3 Ἀrmeniakῶn,  3-4, 12 ἀnagrafeuvς, Sumewvn,  166 qevma,  90, 94 krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς, cf. krith;ς tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  153 krithvς, Ἰwavnnhς,  162 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou),  167 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) strathgovς, cf. ἄrcwn ἀrmamevntou,  137, 153 strathgovς, Levwn,  12 Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn,  4 krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς, 148 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou),  153 Ἀrnhvς, Micahvl, ὕpatoς, bestiarivthς,  45, 54 Ἀrsabhvr, patrivkioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn,  6 202

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἀrsavkhς (?),  138 Ἀrtabavnhς (?),  153 Ἀrtavbasdoς,  3, 7, 10, 13 [cf. Ἀrtabavnhς (?),  153, Ἀrtavkhς (?),  153] patrivkioς, kouropalavthς, kovmhς toῦ Ὀyikivou,  183 b. prwtospaqavrioς, kovmhς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  193 b. prwtospaqavrioς, kovmhς toῦ Ὀyikivou,  192, 194 Ἀrtavkhς (?),  138, 153 Ἀrtevmioς, ὕpatoς,  183 Ἀrcevlaoς, ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  181 ἀrciepivskopoς, Ἀgciavlou, Qeovdwroς,  47, 55, 59 Ἀgciavlou, Stevfanoς,  141 Ἐfevsou, Qeofavnhς,  171 Ἐfevsou, Qeovfiloς, cf. ἀrciepivskopoς Ἐfevsou, Qeofavnhς,  171 Ἐfevsou, Ἰwavnnhς,  129 Kaisareivaς, Levwn,  64 Kaisareivaς, Stulianovς,  64 Kaisareivaς Kappadokivaς, Grhgovrioς,  193 toῦ katepanikivou Baasprakanivaς,  139 (?) toῦ katepavnw Baasprakanivaς, cf. ἀrciepivskopoς toῦ katepanikivou Baasprakanivaς,  139 (?) or tῆς povlewς Bavnhς Baasprakanivaς,  139 (?) Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Ἀntwvnioς II,  119 Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς, Nikovlaoς,  102 Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς, Nikovlaoς II,  119, 161 Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς, Stevfanoς I,  86 Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς, Stevfanoς II,  85-87 Nikopovlewς, Ἀnastavsioς,  131 tῆς povlewς Bavnhς Baasprakanivaς,  139 (?) ἄrcwn,  2 ἀrmamevntou,  137, 153 Boulgarivaς, Micahvl,  159 Drougoubitῶn, Pevtroς,  153 Matravcou, Zicivaς kai; pavshς Cazarivaς, Micahvl,  110 Ῥwsivaς, Dabivd,  110 Strobhvlou, Ἰwavnnhς,  195 Cersῶnoς,  147 Cersῶnoς, Grhgovrioς,  106 Cersῶnoς, Kwnstanti'noς,  106 ἄrcwn tῶn ἀrcovntwn, Pakourianovς, Tatouvlhς,  144 (b.) ἀsavbaniς,  125 ἀshkrῆtiς,  141, 154 Gumnovς, Pevtroς,  159 Sponduvlhς, Micahvl,  186 Ἀbravmioς,  114 Ἀgallianovς,  195 Ἀqanavsioς,  179 Qeovgnwstoς,  47, 54 Qwmᾶς,  112 203

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἀsivaς,

Micahvl,  150, 174 Moushvlioς,  180 Pevtroς,  151 Ὑpavtioς,  149

kommevrkia basilikav,  169 kommerkiavrioς,  8 Ἀspievthς, Pakourianovς,  34, 56, 144 Ἀswvthς,  140 (?) Qeodwrokavnoς,  138 prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς, uiJoς; patrikivou Cosrobivou,  138 Ἀswvtioς,  138 (?) Tarwnivthς, mavgistroς,  139 patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, strathgovς Bavrnaς,  139 Ἀtouvmhς, Nikhfovroς, sebastovς,  142 Ἀtricinwpovdhς, cf. Tricinwpovdhς, Basivleioς,  185 Ἀttaleivaς, ejpivskopoς, Ἀlevxioς,  185 Aὐgousti'noς, prwtobestiavrioς, cf. prwtobestivtwr,  165 prwtobestivtwr,  165 aὐgouvsta, Palaiologivna, Douvkaina, Qeodwvra,  131, 167 Eijrhvnh-Piroska,  26 augusta, Licinia Eudoxia,  18 augustus, perpetuus, Iustinianus,  43 Procopius,  163 Aὐlῶnaς, Micahvl, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  57 Aὐxevntioς,  179 (?) Ἑxakionivthς (?),  178 aὐtokratoῦntoς Ἰsaakivou, qei'oς, Ἰwavnnhς,  143 aὐtokravtwr, Ῥwmaivwn, Melisshnovς, Nikhfovroς,  112 Ἰsaavkioς II Ἄggeloς,  142 Ἀfrikhv,  4 Ἀcuravouς, ejxiswvthς,  178, 188 Ἀyivmaroς, cf. Tibevrioς III Baavnhς, b. spaqavrioς, tourmavrchς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  193 Baavnioς (?), doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  170 Baasprakanivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς katepanikivou,  138 (?) ἀrciepivskopoς katepavnw, cf. Baasprakanivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς katepanikivou,  138 (?) or Baasprakanivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς tῆς povlewς Bavnhς,  138 (?) ἀrciepivskopoς tῆς povlewς Bavnhς,  138 (?) 204

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Bai>anovς (?), doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  170 Baivwn, hJgouvmenoς, Mavmaloς  125 Balatzevrthς, mavgistroς, katepavnw Meshmbrivaς,  140 Baldoui'noς (?),  117 Bavnaς, dioikhthvς, Nikovlaoς,  139 Bavnhς Baasprakanivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς,  138 (?) Bavnoς (?), doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  170 Bapovrioς (?),  191 Barasbatzev, Tornivkioς,  116 barbavrwn (ejpi; tῶn), Cristovforoς,  36, 54 Bardavnhς Toῦrkoς, patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  184 Bavrdaς, Merkolivthς, bevsthς,  36, 57 patrivkioς,  156, 180 primikhvrioς, koitwnivthς,  136 prwtoprovedroς (?),  148 Bavrnaς, strathgovς, Ἀswvtioς,  139 Barsanouvfioς (?),  116 Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Micahvl, dikasthvς,  152 Micahvl, kouropalavthς,  152 Micahvl, mavgistroς,  152 Micahvl, mavgistroς, mevgaς cartoulavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Boukellarivwn,  152 Micahvl, provedroς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, koiaivstwr,  152 Micahvl, prwtospaqavrioς, ejxavktwr, krith;ς toῦ Aijgaivou Pelavgouς,  152 Basaiavdoς, cf. Basiliavdoς Basilaivou (?), ejpivskopoς, Ἰgnavtioς,  137 Basilavkhς, Ἄnqhς,  171 Basivleioς,  147, 187 [(?), cf. Micahvl,  137 (?), 153] Ἀpokavphς, provedroς, douvx,  113 Batavtzhς, sebastovς,  177 Gimidi'noς, kouropalavthς,  36, 57 Glukuvς,  170 Gomostovς, b. primikhvrioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς,  184 Maῦroς, provedroς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  56 Machtavrioς, b. (?) prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, mustolevkthς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Likandoῦ,  132 Machtavrioς, ὕpatoς, krithvς,  132 Xhrovς, mavgistroς, krith;ς toῦ Aijgaivou Pelavgouς,  167 Pediadivthς,  62 Pediadivthς, diavkonoς, maΐstwr tῶn rJhtovrwn, mhtropolivthς Kerkuvraς,  63 Pediadivthς, katepavnw Ἀntioceivaς, katepavnw Sikelivaς,  63 Skrivbaς, kevnswr, skrivbaς, krithvς,  173, 186, 193 205

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Tzamandhnovς, prwtospaqavrioς,  185 Tzirivqwn, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, ἀntiproswpῶn toῦ sekrevtou tῶn oijkeiakῶn,  168 Tricinwpovdhς (or Ἀtricinwpovdhς), prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς, strathgo;ς Ἀnabavrzhς,  185 Ὑpatᾶς (?),  170 Cadabalivthς (?),  191 Calkouvtzhς, b. notavrioς,  54 Coῦmnoς,  135 I, basileuvς,  165 II, basileuvς,  113 bestavrchς,  36, 56 koubouklhvsioς, kaqhgouvmenoς,  54, 59 mavgistroς, logoqevthς tῶn ἀgelῶn,  162 monacovς,  148 notavrioς,  108 oijkonovmoς tῆς Nevaς,  36 prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς Paflagonivaς,  167 rJaivktwr,  36, 53, 59 sebastovς, douvx,  113 b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  100 ὕpatoς, cartoulavrioς,  183 basileopavtwr, Douvkaς, Ἰwavnnhς,  115 basileuvς,  158 Ῥwmaivwn, Eὐfhvmioς,  132 Ῥwmaivwn, Ἰsaavkioς I Komnhnovς,  62, 90, 112 Trapezoῦntoς, Ἀndrovnikoς II,  131 Ἀlevxioς I Komnhnovς,  56, 160, 177, 187 Ἀlevxioς III Ἄggeloς Komnhnovς,  32, 74 Ἀndrovnikoς I Komnhnovς,  31 Ἀndrovnikoς II Palaiolovgoς,  120, 131, 155 (?), 158 (?), 160 (?), 161 (?) Ἀndrovnikoς III (?),  155, 158, 160, 161 Ἀrkavdioς,  19 Basivleioς I,  165 Basivleioς II,  113 Zhvnwn,  19 Ἡravkleioς,  1 Qeodovsioς II,  19 Qeovdwroς I Lavskariς,  178 Qeovfiloς,  174 Ἰoustinianovς I,  7, 20, 76-77, 157, 164, 174, 178 Ἰoustinianovς II,  4 Ἰousti'noς I,  18, 164 Ἰousti'noς II,  20 Ἰsaavkioς II Ἄggeloς,  32, 57 Ἰwavnnhς II Komnhnovς,  26, 32 Kwnstanti'noς V,  3, 10, 13 Kwnstanti'noς VII,  158-160 Kwnstanti'noς VIII,  113 206

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Kwnstanti'noς IX Monomavcoς,  159, 165 Kwnstanti'noς X Douvkaς,  90, 112, 163 Levwn III, 7, 11 (cf. Kovnwn, 11),  13-14, 160 Levwn IV,  8 Levwn VI,  2, 86 Manouh;l I Komnhnovς,  26-28 Micahvl II,  174 Micah;l VI Stratiwtiko;ς Brivggaς,  90 Micah;l VII Douvkaς,  113, 176, 186 Nikhfovroς III Botaneiavthς,  130, 159, 176 Ὁnwvrioς,  19 Ῥwmanovς I,  158, 160, 165 Ῥwmano;ς IV Diogevnhς,  94, 113, 176, 186 Tibevrioς III - Ἀyivmaroς,  7, 10 Cristovforoς,  158, 160 basilevwς ἄnqrwpoς, Pevtroς,  169 basilevwς, penqerav, Qeoktivsth,  132 Basiliavdoς or Basaiavdoς, kleisouravrchς, Dabivd,  139 basiliko;ς toῦ Ῥaidestoῦ, Dabivd,  139 Basilikovς, Micahvl,  192 basivlissa,  118 Eὐdokiva,  113, 186 Eὐfrosuvnh (Kamathvrissa),  32 Zwhv,  159 Batavtzhς, Douvkaς, Ἰwshvf, oijkevthς,  147 Ἀndrovnikoς, sebastovς,  177 Basivleioς, sebastovς,  177 Bruevnnioς,  55 Bruevnnioς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, katepavnw,  55 Ἰwavnnhς, bevsthς,  55 Ἰwshvf,  188 Bebaptismevnoς, Qeovdwroς, prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς, strathgovς,  157 strathgovς,  172 Venetie, dux, Mastropetrus,  130 Berivsswn (?), cf. Khskisivwn,  153 bestavrchς,  92 Ἀlousiavnoς, Samouhvl,  151 Bouvrtzhς, Nikhfovroς,  187 Diabathnovς, Levwn,  91 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἐpifavnioς,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149 Nikerivthς, Levwn,  44, 56 Oὐranovς, Sumewvn,  151 Fravggoς, Zacarivaς,  176 Basivleioς,  36, 56 (?) Grhgovrioς,  109 207

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἰwavnnhς,  187 Kwnstanti'noς,  55 Micahvl,  137 (?) Moucouvmet,  56 Sumewvn,  161 bevsthς,  92 [cf. patrivkioς,  138 (?), ὕpatoς,  138 (?)] Batavtzhς, Ἰwavnnhς,  55 Diabathnovς, Qeovdwroς,  91 Diabathnovς, Levwn,  91 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149, 195 Kazavnhς, Qeovdwroς,  55 Merkolivthς, Bavrdaς,  36, 56 Phgwnivthς, Qeovdwroς,  191 Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς,  90 Fravggoς (?), Koursevlioς (?),  115 Micahvl, oJ toῦ Eὐqumivou,  175 bestiarivthς, Ἀrnhvς, Micahvl,  45, 54 bestivtwr, Ἰwavnnhς,  181 Kwnstanti'noς,  117 Bῆken (?),  154 bhvlou, cf. krith;ς toῦ bhvlou Bhshvr, patrivkioς, strathgovς,  167-168, 183 Biqunivaς, kommevrkia basilikav,  183 bikavrioς, Ἡravkleitoς,  179 vicarius Thracis, Ἰwavnnhς (?),  180 Swstratianovς (?),  180 Blavggaς, Levwn, strathgovς, ἀnagrafeu;ς Seleukeivaς,  163 Bladivsqlaboς II, rJhvx tῶn Oὕggrwn,  27 boeavnoς klhrikovς, Dhmhvtrioς,  160 Boleroῦ, krithvς, Sumewvn,  46, 55 (cf. Strumovnoς) Botaneiavthς, Nikhfovroς III, basileuvς,  130, 159, 176 Nikhfovroς, kouropalavthς,  155 Nikhfovroς, prwtoprovedroς, dou;x Peloponnhvsou kai; Ἑllavdoς,  186 Boukellarivwn,  137 (?) qevma,  5 krithvς, Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) strathgovς,  162 strathgovς, Nikovlaoς (?),  165 Boulgarivaς, ἄrcwn, Micahvl,  159 domevstikoς doukovς,  141 (?) boullwthvrion,  97-98 Bouvrtzhς, Ἀntiocivthς,  177 Bouvrtzhς, Nikhfovroς, bestavrchς,  187 208

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Boῦsoς (?),  141 Bouvtzinoς (?),  140 Branᾶς, Ἀlevxioς, Komnhnovblastoς, prwtosebastovς,  137 Manouhvl, rJivzhς Komnhnikhvς,  137 Micahvl, 155,  160 Bracavmioς, Filavretoς, prwtokouropalavthς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς,  186 Filavretoς, sebastovς, mevgaς domevstikoς,  187 Brivggaς, stratiwtikovς, Micahvl VI, basileuvς,  90 Bruevnnioς, Batavtzhς,  55 Batavtzhς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, katepavnw,  55 Ἰwshvf,  158 Buzakhnovς (?),  190 Gabalᾶς, Ἰwavnnhς,  188 Gabrᾶς, Qeovdwroς, sebastovς, douvx,  106 Ἰwavnnhς,  105 Kwnstanti'noς, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  105 Levwn,  105 Levwn, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, cilivarcoς,  105 Nikhfovroς,  105 Gabrihvl, drouggavrioς,  165 quvthς (Cristoῦ),  161 Galivtzhς, ejpivskopoς, Kosmᾶς,  39 Gavlloς, Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevoς,  95-96 Gastrovpouloς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  185 Gei>tzᾶς II, rJhvx tῶn Oὕggrwn,  27 geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, ἀpoqhvkhς Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς, Nikhvtaς, 161 ἀpoqhvkhς Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς, Sunetovς, 161 ἀpoqhvkhς prwvthς kai; deutevraς tῶn Kilikiῶn, Kwnstanti'noς,  182 prwvthς kai; deutevraς tῶn Kilikiῶn, Kwnstanti'noς,  163 Qeovdwroς,  103 Sevrgioς,  103 geniko;ς logoqevthς,  100, 102, 110 ἀpoqhvkhς Ἰsaurivaς kai; Lukaonivaς, Kuriakovς,  172, 181 Monomavcoς, Paῦloς,  102 Basivleioς,  100 Gewvrgioς,  99 Ἐlissai'oς,  102 Ἐpifavnioς,  99 (?) Qeodovsioς,  107 209

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Qeovdwroς,  99-100, 107, 110 Qeofuvlaktoς,  99, 106 Ἰwavnnhς,  99-100, 107 Kwnstanti'noς,  101 Levwn,  101-102, 107 (?) Micahvl,  101 Nikhvtaς,  100, 102 Nikovlaoς,  101, 107 Filovqeoς,  99 genikoῦ logoqesivou, ἄrklaς, cf. gennhmatᾶς Qessalonivkhς,  141 (?) cartoulavrioς, Micahvl,  151 Gennavdioς, doῦloς toῦ Qeoῦ, cartoulavrioς tῶn ἀgelῶn (?),  192 gennhmatᾶς Qessalonivkhς,  141 (?) Germanikeivaς, strathgovς, Qwmᾶς,  185 Germanovς,  174, 195 (?) Gewvrgioς,  68, 116 Ἁgiodhmhtriwvthς (?), kastrofuvlax,  113 Glabᾶς, sebastovς,  130 Ἑxamilivthς, krith;ς tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn, cf. Gewvrgioς, Ἑxamilivthς, krith;ς tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn,  153 Ἑxamilivthς, prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, prwtonotavrioς, krith;ς Seleukeivaς,  148 Komnhnodouvkaς, Palaiolovgoς,  188 Kontwlavdwnoς (?),  40, 55 Makrembolivthς, cf. Ἰwavnnhς,  137 Maniavkhς,  91, 193 Metocivthς,  142 Mousevlhς, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Sougdaivaς,  109 II, Xifili'noς, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  195 Palaiolovgoς, Komnhnodoukovblastoς,  142 Palaiolovgoς Komnhnovς,  142 Palaiolovgoς, sebastovς,  157, 177, 190 Skaravnoς,  163, 188 Tetragwnivthς,  163, 174 Coirosfavkthς, patrivkioς,  40, 56 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  141, 170, 182 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, drouggavrioς,  183 ἀpo; ὐpavtwn,  68, 181 (?) ejpivskopoς,  167 kastrofuvlax toῦ ÔAgivou Dhmhtrivou (?),  113 kovmhς,  181 (b.) mandavtwr,  125 patrivkioς,  73, 165, 170 patrivkioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  99 b. prwtospaqavrioς, drouggavrioς toῦ Aijgaivou Pelavgouς,  113 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ maglabivou,  41 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  41 210

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

b. prwtospaqavrioς, stratiwtiko;ς logoqevthς,  172 skrivbwn,  181 b. spaqavrioς,  125 strathlavthς,  71 ὕpatoς,  170, 180, 183, 189 Georgius notarius,  180 Ghravrdoς, Levwn, sebastovς,  157 Giagouvphς,  192 Gimidi'noς, Basivleioς, kouropalavthς,  36, 56 Glabᾶς, Gewvrgioς, sebastovς,  130 Glukuvς, Basivleioς,  170 Gomostovς, Basivleioς, b. primikhvrioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς,  184 Gotqivaς, tourmavrchς, Levwn,  105 Goulhevlmoς, patrivkioς,  129 Gounariwvthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  166 grafeu;ς, ejk tῆς Ἀbuvdou, Nikovlaoς,  80 Grhgorᾶς (?),  140, 154 b. spaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῆς Qra/vkhς,  53 Grhgovrioς,  138 (?) Maurokatakalwvn,  56, 164 Maurokatakalwvn, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, katepavnw,  118 Pakourianovς,  147 Pakourianovς, sebastovς, douvx,  144 Ῥadhnovς,  136 ἀrciepivskopoς Kaisareivaς Kappadokivaς,  193 bestavrchς (?), strathgovς (?),  109 douvx,  186 (?) ejpivskopoς,  167 mavgistroς,  171 (?) mhtropolivthς Ἀdrianoupovlewς,  56, 59 oijkevthς, douvx,  155 II, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  188 patrivkioς, strathgovς Sikelivaς,  128 b. prwtospaqavrioς,  108 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ maglabivou,  54 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  54 prwtostravtwr,  125 b. spaqavrioς, ἄrcwn, Cersῶnoς,  106 (?) cartofuvlax,  157 Grith (Gritti) Ἰwavnnhς, cf. Ἀgrivthς Ἰwavnnhς,  166 Gumnovς, Pevtroς, ἀshkrῆtiς, krithvς Seleukeivaς, Podandoῦ, Tarsoῦ,  159 Dabathnovς (or Diabathnovς), dou;x Ἐdevsshς,  90-91 Levwn, bestavrchς,  91 Levwn, dou;x Ἐdevsshς,  91 Nikhvtaς, mavgistroς, katepavnw,  91 211

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Dabivd,  116, 187 ἄrcwn, Ῥwsivaς,  110 b. mandavtwr, ejk proswvpou Qra/vkhς,  40, 53 patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Sikelivaς,  128 b. prwtospaqavrioς, kleisouravrchς Basiliavdoς or Basaiavdoς,  139 b. prwtospaqavrioς, basiliko;ς toῦ Ῥaidestoῦ,  139 Dalasshnovς, Douvkaς, Kwnstanti'noς,  122 Dalasshnovς (?), Nikhvtaς (?), ἔparcoς,  140 Dalmatie, dux, Mastropetrus,  130 Davmala, ejpivskopoς, Sumewvn,  169 Damianovς,  115 (?) b. spaqavrioς, tourmavrchς,  11 Danihvl, ejpivskopoς Faustinoupovlewς,  72 Debeltoῦ, ejpivskopoς, Kwnstanti'noς,  37, 55, 59 kommerkiavrioς, Surovpouloς, Kwnstanti'noς,  54 kommerkiavrioς, Cristovforoς,  152 (?) kommerkiavrioς, Fwvtioς,  45, 53 dehvsewn (ejpi; tῶn), Sikelivaς, Kosmᾶς,  126 Ἀndrevaς,  126 Kwnstanti'noς,  126, 173, 193-194 Manouhvlioς (?),  184 Deinovstratoς (?),  178 Dekanovς, Nikhfovroς, kouropalavthς, ἀnagrafeu;ς Nivsou,  57 despovthς, Melisshnovς, Nikhfovroς,  144 Ἀlevxioς,  112 Ἀndrovnikoς IV,  143 Ἰwavnnhς,  143 Ἰwavnnhς VII,  142 despotikovς cartoulavrioς, Pevtroς,  180 Dhmhvtrioς,  146 Ἀpovkaukoς,  56 Patrivkioς (?),  175 b. kandidᾶtoς, dioikhth;ς Mutilhvnhς,  103 klhrikovς boeavnoς,  160 patrivkioς (?),  175 Diabathnovς (cf. Dabathnovς), diavkonoς,  116 (?), 123 (?) Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 Qeofuvlaktoς,  189 dikaiofuvlax, Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149 b. diaitavrioς, Levwn,  103 dikasthvς,  2 Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Diogevnhς, JRwmanovς IV, basileuvς,  94, 113, 176, 185 212

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

dioikhthvς,  14 Bavnaς, Nikovlaoς,  139 Mutilhvnhς, Dhmhvtrioς,  103 Sikelivaς, Leovntioς,  126 Machtavrioς, Nikovlaoς,  133 Qeovdwroς,  114 Kosmᾶς,  183 Levwn,  126 Stevfanoς,  162 dioikhth;ς tῶn ejparciῶn, Stauravkioς,  162 Dionuvsioς, strathlavthς,  179, 193 Dobromhrovς, Qeovdwroς, prwtoprovedroς,  47, 57 domevstikoς, toῦ douko;ς Boulgarivaς,  141 (?) tῆς Duvsewς, Komnhnovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  173 Kiburraiwtῶn, Levwn,  184 tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, Bracavmioς, Filavretoς,  186 tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, Kwnstanti'noς,  119 tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, Nikhvtaς,  191 tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, Oὐmarazovthς (?),  173 tῶn scolῶn tῆς Duvsewς, Komnhnovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  191-192 tῶn scolῶn tῆς Duvsewς, Levwn,  146 Ἰoulianovς,  165 domevstikoς mevgaς, Bracavmioς, Filavretoς,  187 Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς,  56, 187, (cf. Komnhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς, 190) Domevtioς,  163, 179 ejpivskopoς Ἡrakleioupovlewς,  154 Dosivqeoς (?),  190 Douvkaina,  31, Ἄnna, sebasthv,  35, 57 Palaiologivna, Qeodwvra, aὐgouvsta,  131, 167 Mariva,  30 Douvkaς, Ἄggeloς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  31 Batavtzhς, Ἰwshvf,  147 Dalasshnovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  122 Kamathrovblastoς, Ἀndrovnikoς, sebastovς,  142, 168 Ἀndrovnikoς, prwtoprovedroς,  93 Ἀndrovnikoς, sebastovς,  33, 56 Ἰwavnnhς, basileopavtwr,  115 Kwnstanti'noς X, basileuvς,  90, 112, 163 Micahvl VII, basileuvς,  113, 176, 185 Nikhfovroς, sebastovς,  177 doῦloς, tῆς Qeotovkou, Baavnioς (?),  170 tῆς Qeotovkou, Bai>anovς (?),  170 213

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

tῆς Qeotovkou, Bavnoς (?),  170 tῆς Qeotovkou, Qeodovsioς,  169 tῆς Qeotovkou, Qerdᾶtoς,  182 tῆς Qeotovkou, Ἰobianovς (?),  170 tῆς Qeotovkou, Ἰordavnhς,  123 tῆς Qeotovkou, Ἰoubianovς (?),  170 tῆς Qeotovkou, Ἰwavnnhς,  65 tῆς Qeotovkou, Sisivnnioς,  156, 181 toῦ Qeoῦ, Gennavdioς,  192 Cristoῦ, Melisshnovς Micahvl,  109 Cristoῦ, Ἀlavbhnoς,  122 Cristoῦ, Ἀlevxioς,  122 Cristoῦ, Levwn,  169, 171 douvx,

dux,

Ἀdrianoupovlewς, Qeodwrokavnoς,  159 Ἀntioceivaς, Ἰasivthς, Micahvl,  54 Ἀntioceivaς, Kekaumevnoς, Katakalwvn,  131 Ἀntioceivaς, Tarcaneiwvthς, Ἰwshvf,  129 Ἀntioceivaς, Kwnstanti'noς,  119 Boulgarivaς, domevstikoς,  141 (?) pavshς Duvsewς, Perhnovς, Levwn,  112 pavshς Duvsewς, Sarwnivthς, Micahvl,  122 Ἐdevsshς, Ἀlousiavnoς, Samouhvl,  151 Ἐdevsshς, Dabathnovς (or Diabathnovς),  90-91 Ἐdevsshς, Dabathnovς (or Diabathnovς), Levwn,  91 Qeodosioupovlewς,  94 Qra/khsivwn, Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (1),  27 Melithnῆς, Cetavmhς, Qeovdwroς,  177 Paflagonivaς, Komnhnovς, Qeovdwroς,  186 Peloponnhvsou kai; Ἑllavdoς, Botaneiavthς, Nikhfovroς,  186 Ἀlousiavnoς, Samouhvl,  151 Ἀpokavphς, Basivleioς,  113 Gabrᾶς, Qeovdwroς,  106 Diabathnovς, Levwn,  91 Ἑxamilivthς, Qeovdwroς,  150 Pakourianovς, Grhgovrioς,  144 Basivleioς,  113 Grhgovrioς,  155, 186 Sevrgioς,  141

Venetie Dalmatie Chroatie, Mastropetrus,  130 (?), Liutprandus,  113 drovmou, Carsianoῦ, cartoulavrioς, Micahvl,  138, 153 logoqevthς, Qeovktistoς,  120 logoqevthς, Qwmᾶς,  120, 157 (?) logoqevthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  164 logoqevthς, Levwn,  120 logoqevthς, Sumewvn,  121 214

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

logoqevthς ojxevwς, Levwn,  164 prwtonotavrioς,  121 prwtonotavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  121 prwtonotavrioς, Pantolevwn,  121 cartoulavrioς, Micahvl, cf. drovmou Carsianoῦ, cartoulavrioς, Micahvl,  138, 153 cartoulavrioς, Nikhvtaς,  121 drovmou tῆς Duvsewς, cartoulavrioς, Cristovforoς,  121 Drosevrioς, ἔparcoς,  131 drouggavrioς, toῦ Aijgaivou Pelavgouς, Gewvrgioς,  113 toῦ b. ploΐmou, Nikhvtaς,  166 Gabrihvl,  165 Gewvrgioς,  183 Qeofuvlaktoς,  126 Levwn,  112 Nikhvtaς,  113 Pavgkaloς (?),  193, 194 Stevfanoς,  169 Drougoubiteivaς, krithvς,  141 Drougoubitῶn, ἄrcwn, Pevtroς,  153 Durracivou, mhtropolivthς, Eὐstavqioς,  38 Duvsewς, cartoulavrioς drovmou, Cristovforoς,  121 douvx pavshς, Perhnovς, Levwn,  112 douvx pavshς, Sarwnivthς, Micahvl,  122 domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn, Komnhnovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  173, 192 domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn, Levwn,  146 Dwrovqeoς,  180 (?) patrivkioς, basiliko;ς logoqevthς,  105 Ἐdevsshς, douvx, Ἀlousiavnoς, Samouhvl,  151 douvx, Dabathnovς (or Diabathnovς),  90-91 douvx, Dabathnovς (or Diabathnovς), Levwn,  91 katepavnw, Paῦloς,  94 eijdikoῦ lovgou, b. notavrioς, Micahvl,  150 Eijrhvnh, Ἰasitinhv,  57 Piroska, aὐgouvsta,  26 ἔkdikoς Cersῶnoς, Nikhfovroς,  104 ejkklhsevkdikoi tῆς Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς (cf. presbuvteroi tῆς Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς),  158, 188, 190, 195 ecclesiae, Cataniae, episcopus, Constantinus,  173 Catenensium, episcopus, Iohannes,  124 215

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

ejk proswvpou, tῶn ἀgelῶn, Levwn (?),  136 Qra/vkhς, Dabivd,  40, 53 tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  189 eijς Karabhsiavnouς, Qeovdotoς,  5 Meshmbrivaς, Kuriakovς,  185 Ῥhgivou, Nikhfovroς,  132 Cersῶnoς, Sevrgioς,  104 Ἀbravmioς,  114 ejlavcistoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  181 Ἐlivnagoς, cf. Nestovggoς (?),  138 Ἐlissai'oς, patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  102 Ἑlladikῶn,  14 tourmavrchς, Ἀgallianovς,  11 Ἑllavdoς,  4, 7, 11, 13 douvx, Botaneiavthς, Nikhfovroς,  186 strathgiva,  5 strathgovς, Prwteuvwn, Ἰwavnnhς,  103 tourmavrchς, Qeovgnioς,  129 Ἐnnovdioς (?),  116 Ἑxakionivthς (?), Aὐxevntioς,  178 ejxavktwr, Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Kalovyucoς, Nikovlaoς,  144 Karabitziwvthς, Eὐquvmioς, 151 Ἰwavnnhς, 151, 158 Ἑxamilivthς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, cf. Ἑxamilivthς, provedroς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  138, 153 Gewvrgioς, prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn,  148 Gewvrgioς, krith;ς tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn, cf. Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς, krith;ς tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn,  153 Gewvrgioς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, prwtonotavrioς, krithvς Seleukeivaς,  148 Ἐpifavnioς, bestavrchς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Qeovdwroς, douvx, kouropalavthς,  150 Ἰwavnnhς,  150 Ἰwavnnhς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, bevsthς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  149 Ἰwavnnhς, patrivkioς, ὕpatoς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Ὀyikivou,  149 Ἰwavnnhς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, krith;ς Seleukeivaς, kouravtwr Tarsoῦ,  148 Kwnstanti'noς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς,  148 Levwn,  149 Levwn, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  149 Micahvl,  148 Micahvl, kevnswr, krithvς Paflagonivaς,  148 Nikovlaoς,  150 216

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Sevrgioς, bestavrchς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Sevrgioς, bevsthς, krithvς,  149 Sevrgioς, bevsthς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Sevrgioς, bevsthς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou kai; tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  149, 195 Sevrgioς, prwtoprovedroς, dikaiofuvlax, ἔparcoς,  149 Sevrgioς, prwtoprovedroς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Sevrgioς, prwtospaqavrioς, b. notavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  148 Sisivnnioς, prwtospaqavrioς,  148 provedroς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  137, 153 provedroς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Carsianoῦ,  149 ἔxarcoς patriarcikovς,  143 tῆς Qra/vkhς or tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Kwnstanti'noς,  184 ejxiswvthς, Ἀcuravouς,  178, 188 Ἀcuravouς, Karavnthς,  178, 188 ejxkevptwr, Ἀmmwvnioς,  178 ex consul, Sergius,  183 Ἐxuvbitoς, Theofilactos,  122 ejparciῶn, dioikhthvς, Stauravkioς,  162 ejparciῶn toῦ Ἀrmeniakoῦ, kommerkiavrioi,  3 ἔparcoς, Qessalonivkhς,  2 Ἰllurikoῦ,  2 Dalasshnovς (?), Nikhvtaς (?),  139 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149 Melisshnovς (?), Nikhvtaς (?),  139 Drosevrioς,  131 Levwn,  131 Paῦloς,  181 Pevtroς,  190 ἔparcoς Ἰtalivaς, Ἰwavnnhς,  145 ἔparcoς povlewς, (cf. ἀnnwnevparcoς, ἔparcoς tῶn praitwrivwn,  140) Ἀkuli'noς (?),  131 Nikhvtaς, cf. Dalasshnovς or Melisshnovς, Nikhvtaς (?), ἔparcoς,  140 Nikovlaoς (?),  131 ἔparcoς tῶn praitwrivwn,  140 ejpeivkthς, Ἀnastavsioς,  162 Epictetus,  163 ejpiskeptivthς toῦ Ἱeroῦ, Levwn,  103 ejpivskopoς, Ἀlabavndwn, Ῥwmanovς,  186 Ἀmavstrhς (?),  106 Ἀpameivaς, Micahvl,  164 Ἀttaleivaς, Ἀlevxioς,  185 Basilaivou (?), Ἰgnavtioς,  137 Galivtzhς, Kosmᾶς,  39 Damala', Sumewvn,  169 217

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Debeltoῦ, Kwnstanti'noς,  37, 55, 59 Ἐfevsou, Qeodovsioς,  184 Ἡrakleioupovlewς, Domevtioς,  154 Ἰouliopovlewς (?), Ἰgnavtioς,  137 Ἰwnopovlewς, cf. Ἰgnavtioς, ejpivskopoς Basilaivou or Ἰouliopovlewς,  137 Kaisareivaς Kappadokivaς,  64 Katavnhς, Qeovdwroς,  124 Larivmwn, Ἰgnavtioς,  185 Nobogravdou, jArkavdioς,  39 Nobogravdou, Neovfutoς,  39 Nuvsshς,  172 Panovrmou, Qeovdwroς,  124 Proΐnwn, Nikovlaoς,  187 (?) Savrdewn, Eὐquvmioς,  64 Sevttwn, Eὐstavqioς,  143 Sbivdhς, Nikhfovroς,  168 Smolinivskou, Manouhvl,  39 Ὑpaivpwn, Nikhvtaς,  187 Faustinoupovlewς, Danihvl,  72 Faustinoupovlewς, Ἰwavnnhς,  71-73 Faustinoupovlewς, Patrovfiloς,  72 Filivppwn, Micahvl,  190 Carioupovlewς (?), Micahvl,  159 Cersῶnoς,  104 Cersῶnoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  106 Gewvrgioς (?),  167 Grhgovrioς (?),  167 episcopus, ecclesiae Cataniae, Constantinus,  173 ecclesiae Catenensium, Iohannes,  124 Panormi, Theodorus,  124 Ἐpifavnioς, Ἑxamilivthς, bestavrchς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Eὐforbhnovς, cf. Eὐforbhnovς, Stevfanoς,  155 Pentaktevnhς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς,  131 b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  99 Hervé , cf. Ἐrbevbioς, Ἐrbevoς Ἐrbevbioς (Hervé), Fraggovpouloς (cf. Ἐrbevoς, Fraggovpouloς,),  89, 96 mavgistroς, bevsthς, strathlavthς tῆς Ἀnatolῆς,  90-91 provedroς, strathlavthς divkaia ὐperevcwn tῆς ἀkefavlhς Ἀnatolῆς,  9294, 176 ὕpatoς, strathgovς or strathlavthς,  92 Ἐrbevoς (Hervé), Fraggovpouloς, oJ Gavlloς (cf. Ἐrbevbioς, Fraggovpouloς),  95-96 eJrmhneuthvς (?),  135 eJtaireivaς (ejpi; tῆς megavlhς), Ῥwmanovς,  168 Eὐavgrioς,  178 Eὐgevnioς,  179 ÔAgivou Basileivou (?), hJgouvmenoς (?),  64 proedreuvwn pistoῦ poimnivou, prwtovqronoς Kaisareivaς (?),  63-64 218

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Eὐgeniwvthς, Ἰwshvf,  194 Eὐdokiva, basivlissa,  113, 186 Eὐdovkimoς, Mwrocarzavnhς,  40, 56 Eudoxia Licinia, augusta,  18 Eὐquvmioς, Karabitziwvthς,  137, 153 Karabitziwvthς, ejxavktwr, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  151 ejpivskopoς Savrdewn,  64 Eὐqumivou (oJ toῦ), Micahvl,  175 Eὐkravthς (?),  183 Eὐlovgioς, Dhmwvsiς, cf. Eὐlovgioς, Mwvsiς,  175 Eὐlovgioς, Mwvsiς,  45, 57, 175 Eὐmovlpioς (?),  115 Eὐmovrfioς, Pediavsimoς, prwtospaqavrioς, tagmatofuvlax, strathgovς,  109 Eὐxeniwvthς, Ἰwshvf, (cf. Eὐgeniwvthς, Ἰwshvf,  194) Eὐstavqioς,  12 ejpivskopoς Sevttwn,  143 quvthς (= metropolitan) Ἀdrianoupovlewς,  158, 160 mhtropolivthς Ἀdrianoupovlewς,  51, 59 mhtropolivthς Durracivou,  38 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; tῶn oijkeiakῶn,  166 b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, kleisouravrchς Seleukeivaς,  162, 166 Eὐtucianovς, ὕpatoς,  114 Eὐfhmiva, uJpavtissa,  163 Eὐfhmianovς, b. spaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ maglabivou,  166 Eὐfhvmioς, basileu;ς Ῥwmaivwn,  132 notavrioς,  127 Eὐforbhnovς, Ἐpifavnioς, cf. Eὐforbhnovς, Stevfanoς,  155 Eὐforbhnovς, Stevfanoς, prwtospaqavrioς (?), taxiavrchς,  155 Eὐfrosuvnh (Kamathvrissa), basivlissa,  32 Ἐfevsou, ἀrciepivskopoς, Qeofavnhς,  171 ἀrciepivskopoς, Qeovfiloς, cf. Ἐfevsou ἀrciepivskopoς, Qeofavnhς,  171 ἀrciepivskopoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  129 ejpivskopoς, Qeodovsioς,  184 Ἐfraivm, monacovς, hJgouvmenoς toῦ Sphlaivou (?),  185, 193 Zarzhlhvaς, cf. Karalivaς,  154 Zacai'oς (?),  153 Zacarivaς,  48, 56 [?, cf. Zacai'oς (?),  153] Fravggoς, bestavrchς, strathgovς,  176 Zeuvgmh,  41 Zhvnwn, basileuvς,  19 Zicivaς, ἄrcwn, Micahvl,  110 219

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Zwhv, basivlissa,  159 Zwviloς, b. ὕpatoς, ku;r Cersῶnoς,  104 zwsth; patrikiva, Ἀnastasiva,  132 Qeoktivsth,  132 hJgouvmenoς,  50, 55, 59, 140 (?) (?) toῦ ÔAgivou Basileivou (?), Eὐgevnioς,  64 Baivwn, Mavmaloς  125 Sphlaivou (?), Ἐfraivm,  185, 193 (?) Micahvl,  182 ∆Hlivaς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, paraqalassivthς,  133 prwtospaqavrioς, cartoulavrioς,  185 Ἡravkleioς, basileuvς,  1 patrivkioς,  182, 193 patrivkioς, monostravthgoς,  10 Ἡrakleioupovlewς, ejpivskopoς, Domevtioς,  154 Ἡravkleitoς, bikavrioς,  179 Ἡria (cf. Mariva) ∆Hsaΐaς, cartoulavrioς tῶn ἀgelῶn,  179 (?, cf. ∆Hsaΐaς, cartoulavrioς toῦ stavblou,  179) qei'oς aὐtokratoῦntoς Ἰsaakivou, Ἰwavnnhς,  143 qevma (-ta),  1-4, 12-14 Aijgaivou Pelavgouς,  5 Ἀnatolikῶn,  10 Ἀrmeniakῶn,  90, 94 Ἀrmenikav,  4 Ἀrmenikῶn, krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  148 Boukellarivwn,  5 Ἑllavdoς,  5, 10 Qessalonivkhς,  5 Qra/vkhς,  5-6, 53-55, 58 Qra/khsiavnwn,  5 Qra/khsivwn,  3, 5-6, 10, 27 Kefallhnivaς,  5 Kiburraiwtῶn, 5, 10 Krhvthς, 5 Makedonivaς, 5, 53-55, 59 Peloponnhvsou, 5 Sikelivaς,  5 b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς Sikelivaς,  130 Qeovgnioς, tourmavrchς Ἑllavdoς,  129 Qeovgnwstoς, ojstiavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  150 prwtospaqavrioς, ἀshkrῆtiς,  47, 54 220

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Qeodovsioς,  190 (?) ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  169 II, basileuvς,  19 ejpivskopoς Ἐfevsou,  184 (b.) kandidᾶtoς (?), ejpi; toῦ koitῶnoς (?), geniko;ς logoqevthς (?),  107 Qeodosioupovlewς, douvx,  94 Qeovdotoς,  178 b. prwtospaqavrioς,  128 spaqavrioς, ejk proswvpou eijς Karabhsiavnouς,  5 ὕpatoς,  141 (?),  165 Qeovdouloς,  56 Qeodwvra, Douvkaina, Palaiologivna, aὐgouvsta,  131, 167 Komnhnhv [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (2)],  30 Qeodwvrhtoς, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς,  158 Qeodwrokavnoς, Ἀswvthς,  138 Kwnstanti'noς,  135, 186 Kwnstanti'noς, ἀnquvpatoς, patrivkioς,  135 Kwnstanti'noς, patrivkioς,  135 Nikhfovroς, patrivkioς, strathgovς,  185 patrivkioς, dou;x Ἀdrianoupovlewς,  159 Qeovdwroς,  22, 47, 56, 67, 117 (?), 131, 161, 180 (?) Bebaptismevnoς, prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς, strathgovς,  157 Bebaptismevnoς, strathgovς,  172 Gabrᾶς, sebastovς, douvx,  106 Diabathnovς, bevsthς,  91 Dobromhrovς, prwtoprovedroς,  47, 57 Ἑxamilivthς, douvx, kouropalavthς,  150 Kalocwrhnovς,  188 Kasshterᾶς, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς,  34, 54 Komnhnovς, kouropalavthς, dou;x Paflagonivaς,  186 Komnhnovς, sebastovς,  159 I, Lavskariς, basileuvς,  178 Mavtzariς,  110 Machtavrioς (?), strathgovς,  140 Megalommavthς,  167 Phgwnivthς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, bevsthς, katepavnw tῶn Paradounabivtwn,  191 Cetavmhς, kouropalavthς, dou;x Melithnῆς,  177 Crushvlioς, krithvς,  185 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς,  103 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, uiJoς; Ἰwavnnou,  192, 194 ἀpo; uJpavtwn, kommerkiavrioς,  103 ἀpo; uJpavtwn, patrivkioς, kovmhς toῦ Ὀyikivou, ὐpostravthgoς tῆς Qra/kv hς,  7 ἀrciepivskopoς Ἀgciavlou,  47, 55, 59 dioikhthvς,  114 ejpivskopoς Katavnhς,  124 221

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

ejpivskopoς Panovrmou  124 kouravtwr,  180, 193 mhtropolivthς Serrῶn,  186 patrivkioς,  183 patrivkioς, strathgovς,  130 provedroς,  110 provedroς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  110 b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  100, 107 b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Ἀdavnhς,  113 prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς,  115 rJeferendavrioς,  180 b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, oijkistikovς,  123 spaqarokandidᾶtoς, strathgovς,  122 strathgo;ς Sikelivaς,  7 uiJoς; Pevtrou (?),  181 ὕpatoς,  170 ὕpatoς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  99 ὕpatoς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  151 Theodoros,  22, 176 (?), primiskrivnioς,  180 Theodorus episcopus Panormi,  124 Qeodwvrou, uiJoςv , Pevtroς,  181 (?) Qeoktivsth, zwsth; patrikiva, penqera; toῦ basilevwς,  132 Qeovktistoς, monacovς,  55, 59 patrivkioς, logoqevthς toῦ drovmou,  120 b. spaqavrioς,  153 ὕpatoς, parafuvlax Ἀbuvdou,  118 ὕpatoς, b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς,  125 Qeomhvdouς (?),  180 Qeovpistoς (?),  154 Qeoskepavstou, monhv,  131 Qeovteknoς,  181, strathlavthς,  181, 193, 194 Qeotovkou, cf. doῦloς Qeotovkou tῆς Crusokefavlou, cf. Crusokevfaloς,  141 Qeoῦ, doῦloς, Gennavdioς,  192 Qeofavnhς,  56, 129 ἀrciepivskopoς Ἐfevsou,  171 b. mandavtwr (?),  129 parafuvlax Ἀbuvdou,  118 prwtonotavrioς,  127 b. prwtospaqavrioς,  182 b. spaqavrioς,  195 ὕpatoς, spaqavrioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς,  126 Qeovfiloς,  168 ἀrciepivskopoς Ἐfevsou, cf. Qeofavnhς ἀrciepivskopoς Ἐfevsou,  171 basileuvς,  174 222

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

patrivkioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Karabisiavnwn,  5 ὕpatoς,  126 Qeofuvlaktoς,  47, 56, 165 ÔAgiozacarivthς, patrivkioς,  164 Gastrovpouloς,  185 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  170 geniko;ς logoqevthς,  106 diavkonoς, koubouklhvsioς, rJeferendavrioς,  189 drouggavrioς,  126 notavrioς,  127 patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  87 prwtobestavrchς, krith;ς tῶn Kiburraiwtῶn,  175 b. spaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  99 strathgo;ς Sikelivaς,  7 Theofilactos Ἐxuvbitoς,  122 Qerdᾶtoς, doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  182 Qessalonivkhς, gennhmatᾶς,  141 (?) ἔparcoς,  2 qevma,  5 kommerkiavrioς, Stauravkioς,  144 strathgovς, cf. strathgo;ς qeofulavktou b. Ὀyikivou,  140 strathgovς, Micahvl,  103 Qettalῶn, quvthς, Ἰtaliwvthς (?), Levwn (?),  44, 57, 59 Qra/vkhς,  6 ejk proswvpou, Dabivd,  40, 53 (?) ἔxarcoς patriarcikovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  184 qevma,  5-6, 53-55, 58 krithvς, Micahvl,  185 strathgovς,  58, (cf. strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn or tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn,  141) strathgovς, Grhgorᾶς (?),  53 strathgovς, Nikhfovroς,  7 strathgovς, Sisivnnioς,  46, 53 strathgovς, Swthvricoς (?),  46, 54 uJpostravthgoς, Qeovdwroς,  7 cartoulavrioς, cf. cartoulavrioς tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn (?),  141 Thracia (?),  176 Thracis, vicarius, Ἰwavnnhς (?),  180 Swstratianovς (?),  180 Qra/khsiavnwn,  6, 14 qevma,  5 prwtonotavrioς,  6 strathgovς,  6, 141 (?) strathgovς, Ἀrsabhvr,  6 cartoulavrioς (?),  141 cartoulavrioς, Sisivnnioς,  6 223

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Qra/khsivwn,  6, 12 ἀnagrafeuvς, Ἰwavnnhς,  192 ἀnagrafeuvς, Fwteinovς,  184 douvx, Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (1),  27 ejk proswvpou,  189 (?) ἔxarcoς patriarcikovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  184 kovmhς, Ἀrtavbasdoς,  193 krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149 (cf. bhvlou),  195 (cf. bhvlou) Micahvl, oJ toῦ Eὐqumivou,  175 qevma,  3, 5-6, 10, 27 prwtonotavrioς, Aijmilianovς,  184 prwtonotavrioς strathgoῦ, Ἀnastavsioς,  2 strathgiva,  8-9 strathgovς,  2, 49, 53, 141 (?), 169 strathgovς, Lacanodravkwn, Micahvl,  12 strathgovς, Bardavnhς Toῦrkoς,  184 strathgovς, Levwn,  12 (?) strathgovς, Nikovlaoς,  173, 192 tourmavrchς, Baavnhς,  193 Qraskevaς, Levwn,  175 quvthς, Ἀdrianoupovlewς, Eὐstavqioς,  158, 160 Qettalῶn, Ἰtaliwvthς (?), Levwn (?),  44, 57, 59 Kuvprou, Levwn,  143 (?) (Cristoῦ), Gabrihvl,  161 Qwmᾶς,  187 ἀshkrῆtiς,  112 monacovς,  146 monacovς, kouboukleivsioς,  133 patrivkioς, praipovsitoς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, logoqevthς toῦ drovmou,  120 patrivkioς, praipovsitoς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, logoqevthς toῦ drovmou or tῶn agelῶn,  157 prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς, strathgo;ς Germanikeivaς,  185 Ἰavkwboς, b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς,  53 Ἰasivthς,  138 (?) Micahvl, mavgistroς, dou;x Ἀntioceivaς,  54 Ἰasitinav, Eijrhvnh,  57 Ἰgnavtioς, ejpivskopoς Basilaivou (?),  137 ejpivskopoς Ἰouliopovlewς (?),  137 ejpivskopoς Larivmwn,  185 Ἱerosoluvmwn, patriavrchς,  38 patriavrchς, Ἰwavnnhς VIII,  177 Ἱeroῦ, ejpiskeptivthς, Levwn,  103 Ἱevrwn,  181 224

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

ijllouvstrioς, Melisshnovς, Micahvl,  109 Plagiwvthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  180 Ἰwavnnhς (?),  180 Leovntioς,  117 Ἰllurikoῦ, ἔparcoς,  2 Ἰobianovς (?), doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  170 Ἰordavnhς, doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  123 Ἰoubianovς (?), doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  170 Ἰoulianovς, domevstikoς,  165 mhtropolivthς Seleukeivaς,  87 Ἰouliopovlewς (?), ejpivskopoς, Ἰgnavtioς,  137 Ἰoustinianovς, I, basileuvς,  7, 20, 43, 53, 58, 76-77, 157, 164, 174, 178, 194 (?) II, basileuvς,  4 Ἰousti'noς, I, basileuvς,  18, 164 II, basileuvς,  20 Ἱppodrovmou (ejpi; toῦ), cf. krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou Ἰsaavkioς, II, Ἄggeloς, aὐtokravtwr,  142 II, Ἄggeloς, basileuvς,  32, 57 I, Komnhnovς, basileuvς Ῥwmaivwn,  62, 90, 112 Kontostevfanoς, pansevbastoς, mevgaς dou;x toῦ stovlou, (cf. Kontostevfanoς, Stevfanoς),  26 Ἰsaakivou aὐtokratoῦntoς, qei'oς, Ἰwavnnhς,  143 Ἰsaurivaς, geniko;ς logoqevthς ἀpoqhvkhς, Kuriakovς,  172, 181 “Ishς, Ἰwavnnhς,  41, 57 Ἰsivdwroς (?),  180 Ἰswvhς,  13 Italiae, praefectus praetorio, Macrobius,  145 Ἰtalivaς, ἔparcoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  145 Ἰtaliwvthς (?), Levwn (?), quvthς (= metropolitan) Qettalῶn,  44, 57, 59 Italos cubicularius, cf. cubicularius,  180 Ἰwavnnhς,  41, 56-57, 111, 116, 123, 130, 137, 138 (?), 141, 153 (?) [cf. Marianovς,  141 (?), Sevrgioς,  174] Ἀgrivthς,  166 Batavtzhς, bevsthς,  55 Gabalᾶς,  188 Gabrᾶς,  105 Gounariwvthς,  166 Grith (Gritti), cf. Ἰwavnnhς Ἀgrivthς,  166 Douvkaς, basileopavtwr,  115 Ἑxamilivthς,  150 Ἑxamilivthς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, bevsthς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, patrivkioς, ὕpatoς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Ὀyikivou,  149 225

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἑxamilivthς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, krithvς Seleukeivaς, kouravtwr Tarsoῦ,  148 Ἴshvς,  41-42, 57 Kalokerivthς (?), provedroς,  170-171 Kalovyucoς, prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Seleukeivaς,  185 Koilavditoς,  189 kouravtwr Tarsoῦ,  184 II, Komnhnovς, basileuvς,  26, 32 Komnhnovς, kouropalavthς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn tῆς Duvsewς,  173, 192 Kourtivkhς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς,  134 Makrembolivthς,  42, 56, 138 Marcayavboς, monacovς, suvgkelloς,  186 Maurozwvmhς Komnhnovς,  178, 188 Maurozwvmhς Manouhvl,  74 Nei'loς (?), prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, mustogravfoς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  150 Nomopoivdatoς (?),  111 Pantecnhvς, cartofuvlax,  39 Pepagwmevnoς,  42, 57 Plagiwvthς, ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  165, 180, 193 Plagiwvthς, ijllouvstrioς,  180 Prwteuvwn, strathgovς Ἑllavdoς,  103 Straborwmanovς,  42, 57 Filavgrhς,  42, 57 oJ toῦ Ἀlexiwvtou,  56, 59 ἀnquvpatoς, patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  100 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  124, 169 (?), 182 ἀpo; uJpavtwn,  171 ἀpo; uJpavtwn, doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  65 ἀrciepivskopoς Ἐfevsou,  129 bestavrchς, ἀneyio;ς toῦ fuvlakoς,  187 bestivtwr,  181 VII, despovthς,  142 ejlavcistoς,  181 ejpivskopoς Faustinoupovlewς,  71-73 ejpivskopoς Cersῶnoς,  106 ijllouvstrioς (?), vicarius Thracis,  180 b. kandidᾶtoς, prwtonotavrioς,  159-160 koubouklhvsioς, b. klhrikovς,  37 krithvς, mevgaς kouravtwr Mutilhvnhς,  55 VIII, patriavrchς Ἱerosoluvmwn,  177 patrivkioς,  123, 182, 183 (?) patrivkioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  99 patrivkioς, logoqevthς toῦ drovmou,  164 patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, sakellavrioς,  184 patrivkioς, strathgo;ς Sougdaivaς (?),  147 primikhvrioς or patrivkioς, strathgo;ς Sougdaivaς,  109 226

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

provedroς,  42, 57 provedroς Nuvsshς,  176 b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  107 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, prwtonotavrioς toῦ drovmou,  121 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, ὕpatoς (?), krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn,  162, 167 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, cartoulavrioς toῦ stratiwtikoῦ logoqesivou, ejxavktwr, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  151, 158 prwtospaqavrioς, kevnswr, ἀnagrafeu;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  192 b. prwtospaqavrioς, prwtoashkrῆtiς, prwtonotavrioς toῦ drovmou,  121 b. prwtospaqavrioς, sakellavrioς,  172, 193-194 prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς,  109 (b.) prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Cersῶnoς,  104, 108 sebastokravtwr, despovthς, qei'oς aὐtokratoῦntoς Ἰsaakivou,  143 spaqavrioς (?),  110 b. spaqavrioς,  188 spaqavrioς, strathgovς,  108 b. spaqavrioς, tourmavrchς,  11 spaqarokoubikoulavrioς (?),  110 b. stravtwr,  146 b. stravtwr, ἄrcwn Strobhvlou,  195 ὕpatoς,  114, 162 ὕpatoς, ἔparcoς Ἰtalivaς,  145 ὕpatoς, spaqavrioς,  141 ὕpatoς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, prwtostravtwr,  184 cartoulavrioς Ἀbuvdou,  118 Ἰwavnnou, uiJoςv , Qeovdwroς,  192, 194 Iohannes episcopus ecclesiae Catenensium,  124 Ἰwnopovlewς ejpivskopoς, cf. Basilaivou or Ἰouliopovlewς, ejpivskopoς, Ἰgnavtioς,  137 Ἰwshvf,  138 (?) Batavtzhς,  188 Batavtzhς Douvkaς, oijkevthς,  147 Bruevnnioς,  158 Eὐxeniwvthς (cf. Ἰwsh;f Eὐgeniwvthς,  194) Tarcaneiwvthς, provedroς, dou;x Ἀntioceivaς,  129 kagkellavrioς (mevgaς) (?),  154 Kazavnhς, Qeovdwroς, bevsthς,  55 kaqhgevthς monῆς,  140, 154 kaqhgouvmenoς, Basivleioς,  54, 59 kai'sar, Melisshnovς, Nikhfovroς,  156-157 Kwvnstaς,  97 227

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Kaisareivaς, Kappadokivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς, Grhgovrioς,  193 Kappadokivaς, ejpivskopoς,  64 ἀrciepivskopoς, Levwn,  64 ἀrciepivskopoς, Stulianovς,  64 prwtovqronoς, Eὐgevnioς,  64 Kallivnikoς, Nikovlaoς (?), patrivkioς,  45, 54 kallinivkwn, cf. Xulinitῶn, 140,  154 Kallivou, monhv,  119 Kalokerivthς (?), Ἰwavnnhς, provedroς,  170-171 Kalocwrhnovς, Qeovdwroς,  188 Kalovyucoς, Ἰwavnnhς, prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Seleukeivaς, kouravtwr Tarsoῦ,  185 Nikovlaoς, ejxavktwr,  145 Kam... (?, family name),  138 Kavmaς, strathgovς, cf. Kam... or Cam... (?, family name),  138 Kamathrovblastoς, Douvkaς, Ἀndrovnikoς, sebastovς,  142, 168 Kamathrovς (?), 160, (cf. Eὐquvmioς Karabitziwvthς,  138, 153) Petrwnᾶς, prwtospaqavrioς (?), strathgo;ς tῶn Klimavtwn (?),  108 (b.) kandidᾶtoς, Ἀnastavsioς,  2 Dhmhvtrioς,  103 (?) Qeodovsioς,  107 Ἰwavnnhς,  159-160 Levwn,  184 Nikhfovroς,  104 Cristovforoς,  152 Kappadokivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς Kaisareivaς, Grhgovrioς,  193 ejpivskopoς Kaisareivaς,  64 krithvς, Karabitziwvthς, Eὐquvmioς,  151 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Khroulavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  150 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Nei'loς (?), Ἰwavnnhς,  150 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Oὐranovς, Sumewvn,  151 krithvς, Qeovgnwstoς,  150 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Qeovdwroς,  151 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Ἰwavnnhς,  151, 158 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Kwnstanti'noς,  150 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Kwnstanti'noς,  150 (cf. bhvlou, ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Micahvl,  151 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Ὑpavtioς,  150 eijς Karabhsiavnouς, ejk proswvpou, Qeovdotoς,  5 Karabisiavnwn,  4-5, 11, 13-14 strathgovς,  5 strathgovς, Ἀdrianovς,  5 strathgovς, Ἀpelavthς,  5 strathgovς, Qeovfiloς,  5 228

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Karabitziwvthς, Eὐquvmioς,  138, 153 Eὐquvmioς, ejxavktwr, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  151 Karakavllou, cf. Karamavllou,  138 Karalivaς,  154 Karavmalloς, Nikhfovroς, patrivkioς,  164 Karamavllou,  138, 153 Karanthnovς, cf. Kardavmhς (?),  141 Karavnthς, ejxiswvthς Ἀcuravouς,  178, 188 Kardavmhς (?),  141 Karivaς,  137 (?) kommevrkia basilikav,  169 Kasshterᾶς, Qeovdwroς, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς,  34, 54 kastrofuvlax, Ἁgiodhmhtriwvthς (?), Gewvrgioς,  113 Katakalovς, Kwnstanti'noς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  168 Katakavlou, cf. Karamavllou,  153 Katakalwvn, Kekaumevnoς, mavgistroς, dou;x Ἀntioceivaς,  131 Nikovlaoς,  167 Tarcaneiwvthς,  43, 57 kouboukleivsioς,  135 Katavnhς, ejpivskopoς, Qeovdwroς,  124 mhtropolivthς povlewς, Ἀntwvnioς,  189 Cataniae ecclesiae, episcopus, Constantinus,  173 Catenensium ecclesiae, episcopus, Iohannes,  124 Kataflῶroς, Kwnstanti'noς, cf. Kwnstanti'noς Kontostevfanoς,  147 katepanikivou Baasprakanivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς,  138 (?) katepavnw, Ἀdrianoupovlewς kai; Meshmbrivaς, Sumewvn,  161 Ἀntioceivaς, Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 Baasprakanivaς,  138 Ἐdevsshς, Paῦloς,  94 Meshmbrivaς, Balatzevrthς,  140 tῶn Paradounabivtwn, Phgwnivthς, Qeovdwroς,  191 tῶn ploΐmwn, Nikhvtaς,  166 Sikelivaς, Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 Batavtzhς, Bruevnnioς,  55 Dabathnovς, Nikhvtaς,  91 Diabathnovς, Levwn,  91 Maurokatakalwvn, Grhgovrioς,  56, 118 tῶn b. ἀnqrwvpwn, Ἄnqhς,  143 Kekaumevnoς, Ἀlevxioς,  188 Katakalwvn, mavgistroς, dou;x Ἀntioceivaς,  131 kevnswr, Ἑxamilivthς, Micahvl,  148 229

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Oὐranovς, Sumewvn,  151 Skrivbaς, Basivleioς,  173, 186, 193 Ἰwavnnhς,  192 Kerkuvraς, mhtropolivthς, Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 mhtropolivthς, Kwnstanti'noς,  28 Kefallhnivaς, qevma,  5 Khroulavrioς (not Khboulavrioς), Ἰwavnnhς, patrivkioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  150 Micahvl, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  189 Khruvkwn, scolhv,  141 Khskisivwn,  153 Kiburraiwtῶn,  13, 152 domevstikoς, Levwn,  184 qevma,  5, 10 krithvς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  175 (?) prwtonotavrioς (?), Micahvl,  143 strathgiva,  9 strathgovς, Sevrgioς,  174 Kilikiῶn, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς prwvthς kai; deutevraς, Kwnstanti'noς,  163 Kilikiῶn, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς ἀpoqhvkhς prwvthς kai; deutevraς, Kwnstanti'noς,  182 kleisouravrchς, (cf. krithvς,  154, krithvς Seleukeivaς,  140) Seleukeivaς, Eὐstavqioς,  162, 166 Swzopovlewς, Kwnstanti'noς,  152 Basiliavdoς or Basaiavdoς, Dabivd,  139 Klhvmhς, mhtropolivthς pavshς Ῥwsivaς,  39 (b.) klhrikovς,  143 (?) Ἰwavnnhς,  37 Kwnstanti'noς,  184 klhrikovς boeavnoς, Dhmhvtrioς,  160 Klimavtwn, (?) strathgovς (?), Kamathrovς (?), Petrwnᾶς,  108 Cersῶnoς, strathgovς,  147 Klitziasqlavn II, soultavn,  28 koiaivstwr,  108 (?) Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Koilavditoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  189 koitwnivthς, Bavrdaς,  136 koitῶnoς (ejpi; toῦ),  118 (?) Qeodovsioς,  107 Kolwneivaς, kommerkiavrioi ἀpoqhvkhς,  3 Kolwneiavthς (?), Micahvl, provedroς,  164 kovmhς, Ἀbuvdou, Kwnstanti'noς,  117 Ἀbuvdou, Leovntioς,  117 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Ἀrtavbasdoς,  193 toῦ Ὀyikivou, Ἀrtavbasdoς,  183, 192, 194 230

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

toῦ Ὀyikivou, Qeovdwroς,  7 Ἀnastavsioς,  162 Gewvrgioς,  181 (?) Kwnstanti'noς,  127 Levwn,  126 Pantolevwn,  179 (?) kovmhς tῆς kovrthς, Sikelivaς, Micahvl,  126 Sikelivaς, Sisinnavkioς,  129 kovmhς tῶn ἀgelῶn, Plouti'noς,  127 comes tripolitanus, Raimundus,  156 Komitᾶς,  98, 137 (?), 155 ὕpatoς,  181 kommevrkia basilikav, Ἀsivaς kai; Karivaς,  169 Biqunivaς, Saloutarivaς, Pakatianῆς kai; Ludivaς,  183 strathgivaς Ἑllavdoς,  8 strathgivaς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  8-9 strathgivaς tῶn Kiburraiwtῶn,  9 kommerkiavrioς (-oi),  3, 7-8, 14 Ἀminsoῦ, Kuriakovς,  143 (?) ἀpoqhvkhς Kolwneivaς kai; ἀpasῶn tῶn ejparciῶn toῦ Ἀrmeniakoῦ,  3 Ἀsivaς,  8 Debeltoῦ, Surovpouloς, Kwnstanti'noς,  54 Debeltoῦ (?), Fwvtioς,  45, 53 Debeltoῦ, Cristovforoς,  152 Qessalonivkhς, Stauravkioς,  144 Tuvrou, jAreovbindoς,  114 Tuvrou, Mariva or Ἡria,  114 Tuvrou, Micahvl,  114 Cersῶnoς,  107 Cersῶnoς, Kwnstanti'noς,  107 Ἀgaqovnikoς,  54 Qeovdwroς,  103 Paῦloς,  69 kommerkiavrioς genikovς, ἀpoqhvkhς Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς, Sunetovς,  161 ἀpoqhvkhς Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς, Nikhvtaς,  161 ἀpoqhvkhς prwvthς kai; deutevraς tῶn Kilikiῶn, Kwnstanti'noς,  182 prwvthς kai; deutevraς tῶn Kilikiῶn, Kwnstanti'noς,  163 Komnhnhv, Ἄnna, (qugavthr) Ἰwavnnou II Komnhnoῦ, basileuvς, Eijrhvnhς-Piroska, aὐgouvsta [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (1)],  26, 32 Qeodwvra [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (2)],  30 Komnhnikhvς rJivzhς, Branᾶς, Manouhvl,  137 Komnhnovblastoς, Branᾶς, Ἀlevxioς, prwtosebastovς,  137 Komnhnodouvkaς, Palaiolovgoς, Gewvrgioς,  188 231

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Komnhnodoukovblastoς, Palaiolovgoς, Gewvrgioς,  142 Komnhnovς,  25, 27 Ἄggeloς, Ἀlevxioς III, basileuvς,  32, 74 Maurozwvmhς, Ἰwavnnhς,  74, 178, 188 Palaiolovgoς, Gewvrgioς,  142 Ἀlevxioς I, basileuvς,  56, 160, 17è, 186 Ἀlevxioς, provedroς,  191 Ἀlevxioς, sebastovς, mevgaς domevstikoς,  56, 187, (cf. Komnhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  190) Ἀndrovnikoς I, basileuvς,  31 Qeovdwroς, kouropalavthς, dou;x Paflagonivaς,  186 Qeovdwroς, sebastovς,  159 Ἰsaavkioς I, basileu;ς Ῥwmaivwn,  62, 90, 112 Ἰwavnnhς II, basileuvς,  26, 32 Ἰwavnnhς, kouropalavthς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn tῆς Duvsewς,  173, 192 Kwnstanti'noς, sebastovς,  190, 191 Manouhvl I, basileuvς,  26-28 Komnhnofuhvς, cf. Komnhnovς Kontostevfanoς, Ἀlevxioς (1, 3), Komnhnovς Maurozwvmhς, Ἰwavnnhς konostaῦloς, Ῥikavrdoς,  130 Kontostevfanoς,  25, 27, 141 (?) Ἰsaavkioς, pansevbastoς, mevgaς dou;x toῦ stovlou, (cf. Kontostevfanoς, Stevfanoς),  26 Kwnstanti'noς,  147 Stevfanoς, panupersevbastoς, (uiJoς; ) Ἰsaakivou K. [cf. Kontostevfanoς, Ἀlevxioς (1)],  26, 28 Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς,  25 Ἀlevxioς (1), sebastovς (?), douvx Qra/khsivwn, pravktwr Krhvthς, (uiJoς; Stefavnou toῦ Kontostefavnou kai; Ἄnnhς tῆς Komnhnῆς),  26-32 Ἀlevxioς (2), (uiJoς; Ἀndronivkou toῦ Kontostefavnou (1) kai; tῆς Qeodwvraς Komnhnῆς),  30-32, 177 Ἀlevxioς (3), porfuroblastevggonoς, pansevbastoς sebastovς, cartoulavrioς, (uiJoς; Ἀndronivkou toῦ Kontostefavnou (2) kai; Na. tῆς Doukaivnhς)  31-32 Ἀndrovnikoς (1) [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (2)],  30 Ἀndrovnikoς (2), mevgaς douvx [cf. Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (3)],  31 Ἰwavnnhς,  28 Stevfanoς,  25 Kontwlavdwnoς (?), Gewvrgioς,  40, 55 Kovnwn,  143 patrivkioς, tourmavrchς, strathgo;ς tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn (= Levwn III, basileuvς), 11 kovrthς, Sikelivaς, kovmhς, Micahvl, 126 Sikelivaς, kovmhς, Sisinnavkioς, 129 Koskinᾶς, Kwnstanti'noς, 111 Kosmᾶς, 153 (?) dioikhthvς, 183 232

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

ejpivskopoς Galivtzhς, 39 ejpi; tῶn dehvsewn Sikelivaς, 126 patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς, 119 patrivkioς (?), 123 ὐpatikovς (?), 123 koubikoulavrioς, Nikhvtaς, 114 cubicularius, Ἀndrevaς, 180 kouboukleivsioς, Basivleioς, 54, 59 Qeofuvlaktoς, 189 Qwmᾶς, 134 Ἰwavnnhς, 37 Katakalwvn, 135 Stevfanoς, 54, 59 kouravtwr, Tarsoῦ, Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς, 148 Tarsoῦ, Kalovyucoς, Ἰwavnnhς, 185 Qeovdwroς, 180, 193 kouravtwr (mevgaς), Mutilhvnhς, Ἰwavnnhς, 55 Levwn (?), 166 Muvrwn, 53 kouropalavthς, Baruvς, Micahvl, 152 Botaneiavthς, Nikhfovroς, 155 Gimidi'noς, Basivleioς, 36, 57 Dekanovς, Nikhfovroς, 57 Ἑxamilivthς, Qeovdwroς, 150 Komnhnovς, Qeovdwroς, 186 Komnhnovς, Ἰwavnnhς, 173, 192 Cetavmhς, Qeovdwroς, 177 Ἀrtavbasdoς, 183 Levwn, 120 Koursevlioς (?) Fravggoς (?), bevsthς, 115 Kourtivkhς, Ἰwavnnhς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, 134 Micahvl, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς, 134 Kraterovς (?) or Kratevrioς (?), 183 Krenivthς (?), b. prwtospaqavrioς kai; strathgo;ς Strumῶnoς, 146 Krispi'noς, 93, 94 Krhvthς, qevma, 5 pravktwr, Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (1), 28 krithvς, 2, 154 Aijgaivou Pelavgouς, Baruvς, Micahvl, 152 Aijgaivou Pelavgouς, Xhrovς, Basivleioς,  167 tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn, Levwn (?),  166 233

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn, Micahvl,  167, 185 tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς, cf. krith;ς tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  153 tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  153 (cf. krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn) Drougoubiteivaς,  141 Qra/vkhς, Micahvl,  185 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Micahvl, oJ toῦ Eὐqumivou,  175 Kappadokivaς, Oὐranovς, Sumewvn,  151 Kappadokivaς, Micahvl,  149 Kappadokivaς, Pevtroς, cf. ἀshkrῆtiς, krithvς, Pevtroς,  151 Kappadokivaς, Ὑpavtioς,  150 tῶn Kiburraiwtῶn, Qeofuvlaktoς,  175 Makedonivaς, Micahvl,  185 Melithnῆς, Sevrgioς,  162 Paflagonivaς, Ἑxamilivthς, Micahvl,  148 Paflagonivaς, Basivleioς,  167 Seleukeivaς,  140 Seleukeivaς, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  148 Seleukeivaς, Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149 Machtavrioς, Basivleioς,  132 Skrivbaς, Basivleioς,  173, 186, 193 Crushvlioς, Qeovdwroς,  185 Ἰwavnnhς,  55 Pevtroς,  151 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  153 Ἑxamilivthς,  138, 153 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  148 Maῦroς, Basivleioς,  56 Micahvl,  143 Nikovlaoς,  134 Paῦloς,  166 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn, Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn, Ἰwavnnhς,  162, 167 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Ἀrmenikῶn qemavtwn, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  148, 153 (cf. krithvς) krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Boukellarivwn, Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς, Karabitziwvthς, Eὐquvmioς,  151 Khroulavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  150 Nei'loς (?), Ἰwavnnhς,  150 Qeovgnwstoς,  150 Qeovdwroς,  151 Ἰwavnnhς,  151, 158 Kwnstanti'noς,  150 Micahvl,  151 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Likandoῦ, Machtavrioς, Basivleioς,  132 Micahvl,  114 234

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Ὀyikivou, Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Seleukeivaς, Kalovyucoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  185 Levwn,  194 krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Carsianoῦ, Ἑxamilivthς,  149 krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Ἑxamilivthς, cf. provedroς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  137, 153 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἐpifavnioς,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149 Tzirivqwn, Basivleioς,  168 Timwnivthς, Cristovforoς,  157 krith;ς toῦ bhvlou kai; tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn, Promoundhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  195 krith;ς toῦ bhvlou kai; tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149, 195 krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς, Kwnstanti'noς,  150 krithvς Seleukeivaς, Podandoῦ, Tarsoῦ, Gumnovς, Pevtroς,  159 krith;ς Strumovnoς kai; Boleroῦ, Sumewvn,  46, 55 Chroatie, dux, Mastropetrus,  130 Kuzivkou, mhtropolivthς, Ῥwmanovς,  185 Kuvprou, quvthς, Levwn,  143 (?) Kuriakovς, Marcayavboς, prwtospaqavrioς,  136 ἀpo; uJpavtwn (?), geniko;ς logoqevthς ἀpoqhvkhς Ἰsaurivaς kai; Lukaonivaς,  172, 181 kommerkiavrioς Ἀminsoῦ,  143 (?) b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ejk proswvpou Meshmbrivaς,  185 Kurikῶn, scolhv, cf. scolh; tῶn Khruvkwn,  141 Kuvrilloς,  108 (cf. Surianovς,  144) kuvriς Cersῶnoς, Zwviloς,  104 Kurivtzioς, b. pistikovς,  126 Kῦroς, notavrioς,  128 Kwnstanti'noς,  56, 116, 137 (?), 187, 189, 194, [cf. Kontostevfanoς,  141 (?)] Ἀlwpovς,  40, 57 Ἀrianivthς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ maglabivou,  164 Gabrᾶς, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  105 Dalasshnovς, Douvkaς,  122 X, Douvkaς, basileuvς,  90, 112, 163 Ἑxamilivthς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς,  148 Qeodwrokavnoς,  135, 186 Qeodwrokavnoς, patrivkioς,  135 Qeodwrokavnoς, ἀnquvpatoς, patrivkioς,  135 Katakalovς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  168 Kataflῶroς, cf. Kwnstanti'noς Kontostevfanoς,  146 Komnhnovς, sebastovς,  190, 191 Kontostevfanoς,  147 Koskinᾶς,  111 Maniavkhς, prwtonwbelissimou>pevrtatoς,  57 IX Monomavcoς, basileuvς,  159, 165 Promoundhnovς, mavgistroς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou kai; tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  195 235

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ῥadhnovς,  168 Sarwnivthς,  80 Surovpouloς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, kommerkiavrioς Debeltoῦ,  54 Tarwnivthς,  80 Tarwnivthς (or Sarwnivthς),  79 Tzimpevaς,  178 Triakontavfulloς, cf. Kwnstanti'noς Kontostevfanoς,  146 Ὦpoς,  170 (?) ἀpo; ejpavrcwn (?), geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς prwvthς kai; deutevraς tῶn Kilikiῶn,  163 (?) ἀpo; ejpavrcwn (?), geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς ἀpoqhvkhς prwvthς kai; deutevraς tῶn Kilikiῶn,  182 V, basileuvς,  3, 10, 13 VII, basileuvς,  158-160 VIII, basileuvς,  113 bestavrchς,  55 bestivtwr, kovmhς Ἀbuvdou,  117 ejpivskopoς Debeltoῦ,  37, 55, 59 ejpi; tῶn dehvsewn,  126, 173, 193-194 klhrikovς, cartoulavrioς, patriarciko;ς ἔxarcoς tῆς Qra/vkhς or tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  184 kovmhς (?),  127 metrhthvς,  136 mhtropolivthς Kerkuvraς,  28 II, mhtropolivthς pavshς JRwsivaς,  38, 119 monacovς,  146 oijkevthς,  190 b. ojstiavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  101 I, pavpaς,  5 patrivkioς, cf. Ἀrtavbasdoς, b. prwtospaqavrioς,  192 patrivkioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  101 patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Sikelivaς,  128 primikhvrioς, b. ojstiavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  101 provedroς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, dou;x Ἀntioceivaς,  119 I, provedroς, mhtropolivthς pavshς JRwsivaς,  37-39, 57, 59 prwtonotavrioς (?),  127 prwtonotavrioς, mustolevkthς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  150 prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς,  185 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς,  195 b. prwtospaqavrioς, cartoulavrioς toῦ stratiwtikoῦ logoqesivou, prwtonotavrioς,  157 b. spaqavrioς,  133 b. spaqavrioς, ἄrcwn Cersῶnoς,  106 b. spaqavrioς, kleisouravrchς Swzopovlewς,  152 b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, kommerkiavrioς Cersῶnoς,  107 strathlavthς,  67 ὕpatoς,  137 (?) ὕpatoς, prwtostravtwr,  184 cartoulavrioς toῦ stratiwtikoῦ logoqesivou, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  150 236

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Constantinus, episcopus ecclesiae Cataniae,  173 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Nevaς Ῥwvmhς ἀrciepivskopoς, Nikovlaoς,  102 Nevaς Ῥwvmhς ἀrciepivskopoς, Nikovlaoς II,  119, 161 Nevaς Ῥwvmhς ἀrciepivskopoς, Stevfanoς I,  86 Nevaς Ῥwvmhς ἀrciepivskopoς, Stevfanoς II,  85-87 ἀrciepivskopoς, Ἀntwvnioς II,  119 patriavrchς,  64 patriavrchς, Gewvrgioς II Xifili'noς,  195 patriavrchς, Grhgovrioς,  188 patriavrchς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  87 patriavrchς, Kosmᾶς I,  119 patriavrchς, Loukᾶς,  38 patriavrchς, Micah;l I Khroulavrioς,  189 patriavrchς, Micahvl III,  155 patriavrchς, Nei'loς Kerameuvς,  143 patriavrchς, Nikovlaoς,  86-87 patriavrchς, Truvfwn,  87 Kwvnstaς, kai'sar,  97 Lakavpaς, b. monῆς, oijkonovmoς, Pevtroς,  146 Laodikeivaς, mhtropolivthς, Levwn,  118 Lapardᾶς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  187 Larivmwn, ejpivskopoς, Ἰgnavtioς,  185 Lavskariς, Qeovdwroς I, basileuvς,  178 Lacanᾶς, Manouhvl,  34, 57 Lacanodravkwn, Micahvl, strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  12 Lebounavkhς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  116 Leovntioς,  79, 178 [cf. Ἀswvtioς,  139 (?), Fwvtioς,  137 (?)] ijllouvstrioς, trakteuth;ς Nhvswn, kovmhς Ἀbuvdou,  117 b. spaqavrioς, dioikhthvς Sikelivaς,  126 Levwn,  43, 54, 57, 137 (?), 153 (?), 166 (?), [cf. Ἀswvthς, 140 (?)] Ἁgioapostolivthς, prwtospaqavrioς,  44, 56 Ἀkavpnhς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; tῶn oijkeiakῶn,  166 Blavggaς, strathgo;ς, ἀnagrafeu;ς Seleukeivaς,  163 Gabrᾶς,  105 Gabrᾶς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, cilivarcoς,  105 Ghravrdoς, sebastovς,  157 Dabathnovς or Diabathnovς, bestavrchς,  91 Dabathnovς or Diabathnovς, dou;x Ἐdevsshς,  91 Diabathnovς, bevsthς, katepavnw,  91 Diabathnovς, mavgistroς, douvx,  91 Ἑxamilivthς,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  149 Qraskevaς,  175 (?) Ἰtaliwvthς (?), quvthς (= metropolitan) Qettalῶn,  44, 57, 59 Machtavrioς, praipovsitoς,  133 Nikerivthς, bestavrchς,  44, 56 237

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Xanqovpouloς,  147 Perhnovς, mavgistroς, dou;x pavshς Duvsewς,  112 (?) ἀnquvpatoς, patrivkioς,  109 ἀrciepivskopoς Kaisareivaς,  64 III, basileuvς,  7, 11 (cf. Kovnwn,  11), 13-14, 160 IV, basileuvς,  8 VI, basileuvς,  2, 86 doῦloς Cristoῦ,  169, 171 drouggavrioς,  112 ἔparcoς,  131 quvthς Kuvprou,  143 (?) b. kandidᾶtoς, domevstikoς Kiburraiwtῶn,  184 kovmhς,  126 kouropalavthς, logoqevthς toῦ drovmou,  120 mavgistroς, ἀnquvpatoς, patrivkioς, logoqevthς toῦ drovmou,  120 mavgistroς, ἀnquvpatoς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, logoqevthς toῦ ojxevwς drovmou,  164 mavgistroς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn tῆς Duvsewς,  146 mhtropolivthς Laodikeivaς,  118 notavrioς,  128 oijkevthς,  44 ojstiavrioς, b. diaitavrioς, ejpiskeptivthς toῦ Ἱeroῦ,  103 primikhvrioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  101, 107 (?) b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  102 prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Seleukeivaς,  194 (?) prwtospaqavrioς, mevgaς kouravtwr, krith;ς tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  166 b. spaqavrioς, tourmavrchς Gotqivaς,  105 strathgo;ς tῶn jArmeniakῶn,  12 strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  12 (?) strathgo;ς Mamivstraς (?), cf. Qeovdwroς Machtavrioς (?), strathgovς,  139 ὕpatoς,  123 ὕpatoς, b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, dioikhthvς,  126 cartoulavrioς (?),  143 (?) cartoulavrioς toῦ stratiwtikoῦ logoqesivou, ejk proswvpou tῶn ἀgelῶn,  136 Likandoῦ (ejpi; toῦ), cf. krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Likandoῦ Licinia Eudoxia, augusta,  18 Liutprandus, dux or rex,  113 logoqesivou geniko;ς ἄrklaς, cf. gennhmatᾶς Qessalonivkhς,  141 (?) logoqesivou stratiwtikoῦ, cartoulavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  150, 158 cartoulavrioς, Kwnstanti'noς,  150, 157 cartoulavrioς, Levwn (?),  136 logoqevthς, (cf. ἀgelῶn, genikovς, drovmou, stratiwtikovς), basilikovς, Dwrovqeoς,  105 Palaiolovgoς,  142 Loukᾶς, monacovς,  186 238

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  38 Ludivaς, kommevrkia basilikav,  183 Lukaonivaς, geniko;ς logoqevthς ἀpoqhvkhς, Kuriakovς,  172, 181 Luvkoς, Nikhfovroς,  112 Maggavnhς,  191 magglabivou (ejpi; toῦ),  138 Ἀrianivthς, Kwnstanti'noς,  164 Gewvrgioς,  41 Grhgovrioς,  54 Eὐfhmianovς,  166 magister militum,  7, 11 mavgistroς,  92, 102 Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Dabathnovς, Nikhvtaς,  91 Diabathnovς, Levwn,  91 Ἰasivthς, Micahvl,  54 Kekaumevnoς, Katakalwvn,  131 Monasthriwvthς, Ῥwmanovς,  56 Xhrovς, Basivleioς,  167 Perhnovς, Levwn,  112 Promoundhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  195 Sarwnivthς, Micahvl,  122 Tarwnivthς, Ἀswvtioς,  139 Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς,  90, 93 Ἀpnelgarivphς,  176 Balatzevrthς,  140 Basivleioς,  162 Grhgovrioς,  171 Levwn,  120, 145, 164 Micahvl, oJ toῦ Eὐqumivou,  175 Nikhvtaς,  111, 166 Nikovlaoς,  101, 107 Sumewvn,  121 maΐstwr tῶn rJhtovrwn, Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 Makedonivaς, qevma,  5, 53-55, 58 krithvς, Micahvl,  185 strathgovς,  49, 53-55, 58, (cf. strathgo;ς Makedovnwn,  141) Makedovnwn, strathgovς,  141 Makedwvnh (?),  178 Makrembolivthς, Gewvrgioς, cf. Ἰwavnnhς,  138 Ἰwavnnhς,  42, 56 Makrovbioς, patrivkioς (?),  182 ὕpatoς (?),  182 239

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Macrobius, praefectus praetorio Italiae,  145 Malevshς (?),  137 Mavmaloς hJgouvmenoς Baivwn,  125 Mamivstraς (?), strathgovς, Levwn (?), cf. Machtavrioς (?) Qeovdwroς,  140 (b.) mandavtwr, Gewvrgioς,  125 Dabivd,  40, 53 (?) Qeofavnhς,  129 Stevfanoς,  124 Maniavkhς, Gewvrgioς,  91, 193 Kwnstanti'noς, prwtonwbelissimou>pevrtatoς,  57 Manikaΐthς, prwtallagavtwr,  159 Manikᾶς (?), Micahvl, patrivkioς, ὕpatoς,  168 Manouhvl, Branᾶς, rJivzhς Komnhnikhvς,  137 I, Komnhnovς, basileuvς,  26-28 Lacanᾶς,  34, 57 Maurozwvmhς (cf. Maurozwvmhς Komnhnovς, Ἰwavnnhς),  74 ejpivskopoς Smolinivskou,  39 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; tῶn oijkeiakῶn, rJogavtwr,  184 Manouhvlioς (?), prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; tῶn dehvsewn,  184 Mavximoς, prwtospaqavrioς, prwtonotavrioς,  44, 54 Marᾶcaς, Micahvl, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  166 Mariva,  113 Douvkaina,  30 prwtospaqavrissa,  136 Marianovς,  141 (?), 165 (?) patrivkioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Anatolikῶn,  12 Mari'noς,  66, 124 (Marinus),  165 (?) Marouvlhς,  147 Marcayavboς, Ἰwavnnhς, monacovς, suvgkelloς,  186 Kuriakovς, prwtospaqavrioς,  136 Mastropetrus, Venetie Dalmatie Chroatie dux,  130 Mavtzariς, Qeovdwroς,  110 Matravcou, ἄrcwn, Micahvl,  110 Maurivkioς, ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  127 Maurivkioς, b. spaqavrioς,  125 Maurozwvmhς, Komnhnovς, jIwavnnhς,  74, 178, 188 Manouhvl (cf. Maurozwvmhς Komnhnovς, jIwavnnhς),  74 Maurokatakalwvn, Grhgovrioς,  56, 164 patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, katepavnw,  118 Mauropovdhς, Samouhvl, cartofuvlax,  133 240

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Maῦroς, Basivleioς, provedroς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  56 Machtavrioς, Basivleioς, b. (?) prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, mustolevkthς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Likandoῦ,  132 Basivleioς, ὕpatoς, krithvς,  132 (?) Qeovdwroς, strathgovς,  140 Levwn, praipovsitoς, ἀrchgevthς tῶn novwn,  133 Micahvl,  133 Micahvl, sebastofovroς,  133 Nikhvtaς,  132 Nikovlaoς,  133 Nikovlaoς, dioikhthvς,  133 Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς, ejkklhsevkdikoi (cf. Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς, presbuvteroi),  158, 188, 190, 195 Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς, presbuvteroi (cf. Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς, ejkklhsevkdikoi),  18, 188, 190, 195 Megalommavthς, Qeovdwroς,  167 Megavloς,  115 mevgaς douvx, toῦ stovlou, Kontostevfanoς, Ἰsaavkioς,  26 Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀndrovnikoς (2),  31 Mevgaς Loῦloς,  138 (cf. Mounsouvr) Melisshnovς, Micahvl, ijllouvstrioς, strathgovς, doῦloς Cristoῦ,  109 (?) Nikhvtaς (?), ἔparcoς,  140 Nikhfovroς, aὐtokravtwr Ῥwmaivwn,  112 Nikhfovroς, despovthς,  144 Nikhfovroς, kai'sar,  156-157 Melithnῆς, douvx, Cetavmhς, Qeovdwroς,  177 krithvς, Sevrgioς,  162 Merkolivthς, Bavrdaς, bevsthς,  36, 56 Meshmbrivaς, ejk proswvpou, Kuriakovς,  185 katepavnw, Balatzevrthς,  140 katepavnw, Sumewvn,  161 Metocivthς, Gewvrgioς,  142 metrhthvς, Kwnstanti'noς,  136 mhtropolivthς, Ἀdavnhς, Ἀbravmioς,  115 Ἀdrianoupovlewς,  51, 55, 57, 59 Ἀdrianoupovlewς, Grhgovrioς (?),  56, 59 Ἀdrianoupovlewς, Eὐstavqioς,  51, 59 Ἀdrianoupovlewς, Panqhvrioς (?),  56, 59 Ἀmaseivaς, Stevfanoς,  86 Durracivou, Eὐstavqioς,  38 Kerkuvraς, Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 Kerkuvraς, Kwnstanti'noς,  28 241

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Kuzivkou, Ῥwmanovς,  185 Laodikeivaς, Levwn,  118 pavshς Ῥwsivaς, Klhvmhς,  39 pavshς Ῥwsivaς, Kwnstanti'noς I,  38-39 pavshς Ῥwsivaς, Kwnstanti'noς II,  38, 119 povlewς Katavnhς, Ἀntwvnioς,  189 Savrdewn, Stulianovς,  162 Seleukeivaς, Ἰoulianovς,  87 Serrῶn, Qeovdwroς,  186 Smuvrnhς, Mhtrofavnhς,  156 Plavtwn,  190 Mhtrofavnhς,  174 (?) mhtropolivthς Smuvrnhς,  156 Micahvl,  34, 109 (?), 110, 137 (?), 153, 182 Ἀmhrᾶς, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  176, 187 Ἀrnhvς, ὕpatoς, bestiarivthς,  45, 54 Aὐlῶnaς, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  57 Baruvς,  152 Baruvς, dikasthvς,  152 Baruvς, kouropalavthς,  152 Baruvς, mavgistroς,  152 Baruvς, mavgistroς, mevgaς cartoulavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; tῶn Boukellarivwn,  152 Baruvς, provedroς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, koiaivstwr,  152 Baruvς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejxavktwr, krith;ς toῦ Aijgaivou Pelavgouς,  152 Basilikovς,  192 Branᾶς,  155, 160 VII, Douvkaς, basileuvς,  113, 176, 185 Ἑxamilivthς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, kevnswr, krithvς Paflagonivaς,  148 Ἰasivthς, mavgistroς, dou;x Ἀntioceivaς,  54 I, Khroulavrioς, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  189 Kolwneiavthς (?), provedroς,  164 Kourtivkhς, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς,  134 Lacanodravkwn, strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  12 Manikᾶς (?), patrivkioς, ὕpatoς,  168 Maracᾶς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  166 Machtavrioς,  133 Machtavrioς, sebastofovroς,  133 Melisshnovς, ijllouvstrioς, strathgovς, doῦloς Cristoῦ,  109 Nikerivthς, cf. Nikhvtaς,  186 Xhrovς (?), patrivkioς,  55 Sarwnivthς, mavgistroς, dou;x pavshς Duvsewς,  122 Sponduvlhς, spaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, ἀshkrῆtiς,  186 VI, Stratiwtiko;ς Brivggaς, basileuvς,  90 Strufnovς, sebastovς,  188 Filokavlhς,  147 ἄrcwn Boulgarivaς,  159 242

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

[Oleg Svjatoslavic (?)] ἄrcwn Matravcou, Zicivaς kai; pavshς Cazarivaς,  110 ἀshkrῆtiς,  174 ἀshkrῆtiς, b. notavrioς toῦ eijdikoῦ lovgou, krithvς Kappadokivaς,  150 II, basileuvς, 174 bevsthς, mavgistroς, krith;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn oJ toῦ Eὐqumivou, 175 ejpivskopoς Ἀpameivaς,  164 ejpivskopoς Filivppwn,  190 ejpivskopoς Carioupovlewς (?),  159 hJgouvmenoς (?),  181 kommerkiavrioς Tuvrou,  114 krith;ς tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  167, 185 monacovς,  174 III, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  155 patrivkioς, mevgaς cartoulavrioς toῦ stratiwtikoῦ,  185 patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Qessalonivkhς,  103 patrivkioς, cartoulavrioς toῦ genikoῦ logoqesivou, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  151 provedroς (?), bestavrchς (?), cartoulavrioς toῦ drovmou Carsianoῦ,  138, 153 prwtevkdikoς,  38 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  115 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  184 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  101 prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou, prwtonotavrioς (?) Kiburraiwtῶn or toῦ Murelaivou,  143 b. prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς Qra/vkhς kai; Makedonivaς,  185 b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Seleukeivaς,  156, 185 sebastovς, cf. Nikovlaoς (?) sebastovς,  189 b. spaqavrioς, kovmhς tῆς kovrthς Sikelivaς,  127 spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ἀshkrῆtiς, krith;ς Kappadokivaς,  149 spaqarokandidᾶtoς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; toῦ Likandoῦ,  114 cartoulavrioς drovmou kai; Carsianoῦ, cf. Micahvl, provedroς (?), bestavrchς (?), cartoulavrioς toῦ drovmou Carsianoῦ,  137, 153 Movdestoς presbuvteroς,  179 Monasthriwvthς, Ῥwmanovς, mavgistroς,  56 monachv, Xevnh,  48, 56, 59 monacovς,  140 (?) Marcayavboς, Ἰwavnnhς,  186 eὐtelhvς, Basivleioς,  147 tapeinovς, Ἀqanavsioς,  131 Ἀlevxioς,  185 Ἐfraivm,  185, 193 Qeovktistoς,  55, 59 Qwmᾶς,  134, 146 Kwnstanti'noς,  146 Loukᾶς,  186 Micahvl,  174 Nikhvtaς,  175 243

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Nikovlaoς,  115, 187 Pevtroς,  145 monῆς,

tῆς Qeoskepavstou,  131 toῦ Kallivou,  119 Lakavpaς, oijkonovmoς, Pevtroς,  146 tῶn Sofrwvnhς patrikivwn tῶn Culinitῶn,  140 tῶn sofrwvnwn patrikivwn tῶn kallinivkwn, cf. monῆς tῶn Sofrwvnhς patrikivwn tῶn Culinitῶn,  140 kaqhgevthς,  139, 154 monhtavrioς Sikelivaς,  144 Monomavcoς, Kwnstanti'noς IX, basileuvς,  159, 165 Paῦloς, patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  102 monostravthgoς, Ἡravkleioς,  10 Mounsouvr, uiJoς; toῦ Megavlou Louvlou,  138 Mousevlhς, Gewvrgioς, prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς Sougdaivaς,  109 Moushvlioς, ἀshkrῆtiς,  180 Moucouvmet, bestavrchς,  56 Murelaivou (?), prwtonotavrioς (?), Micahvl,  143 Muvrwn,  147 b. prwtospaqavrioς, mevgaς kouravtwr,  53 mustogravfoς, Nei'loς (?), Ἰwavnnhς,  150 mustolevkthς, Machtavrioς, Basivleioς,  132 Kwnstanti'noς,  150 Mutilhvnhς,  56 dioikhthvς, Dhmhvtrioς,  103 mevgaς kouravtwr, Ἰwavnnhς,  55 Mwrocarzavnhς, Eὐdovkimoς,  40, 55-57 Mwvsiς, Eὐlovgioς,  45, 57, 176 Nevaς Ῥwvmhς Kwnstantinoupovlewς, ἀrciepivskopoς, Nikovlaoς,  102 ἀrciepivskopoς, Nikovlaoς II,  119, 161 ἀrciepivskopoς, Stevfanoς I,  86 ἀrciepivskopoς, Stevfanoς II,  85-87 Nei'loς Kerameuvς, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  143 Nei'loς (?), Ἰwavnnhς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, mustogravfoς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou kai; Kappadokivaς,  150 Neokaisareivaς, cf. Ἰasivthς (?),  138 Neovfutoς, ejpivskopoς Nobogravdou,  39 Nestovggoς (?),  138 Nhvswn, trakteuthvς, Leovntioς,  117 Nikaivaς, tourmavrchς tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  11 Nikerivthς, 244

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Levwn, bestavrchς,  44, 56 Micahvl, cf. Nikhvtaς,  186 Nikhvtaς,  109, 186, [cf. Komitᾶς,  137 (?)] Dabathnovς, mavgistroς, katepavnw,  91 (?) Dalasshnovς (?), ἔparcoς,  140 Machtavrioς,  133 (?) Melisshnovς (?), ἔparcoς,  139 Sevleukoς,  56 ἀnquvpatoς, patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  100 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς ἀpoqhvkhς Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς,  161 (cf. Sunetovς) ἔparcoς povlewς, cf. Nikhvtaς (?) Dalasshnovς or Melisshnovς, ἔparcoς,  139 ejpivskopoς Ὑpaivpwn,  187 koubikoulavrioς,  114 mavgistroς,  111 mavgistroς, drouggavrioς toῦ b. ploΐmou, katepavnw tῶn ploΐmwn,  166 monacovς, suvgkelloς,  175 notavrioς,  128 patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  100, 102 praipovsitoς,  183 provedroς, prwtobestiavrioς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς,  192 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, cartoulavrioς toῦ drovmou,  121 (?) b. prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς,  50, 54 ὕpatoς, drouggavrioς,  113 Nikhfovroς,  109 (?), 131 [cf. Ἰwshvf,  138 (?)] Ἀtouvmhς, sebastovς,  142 III, Botaneiavthς, basileuvς,  130, 159, 176 Botaneiavthς, kouropalavthς,  155 Botaneiavthς, prwtoprovedroς, dou;x Peloponnhvsou kai; Ἑllavdoς,  186 Bouvrtzhς, bestavrchς,  187 Gabrᾶς,  105 Dekanovς, kouropalavthς, ἀnagrafeu;ς Nivsou,  57 Douvkaς, sebastovς,  177 Qeodwrokavnoς, patrivkioς, strathgovς,  185 Karavmalloς, patrivkioς,  164 Luvkoς,  112 Melisshnovς, aὐtokravtwr Ῥwmaivwn,  112 Melisshnovς, despovthς,  144 Melisshnovς, kai'sar,  156-157 ejk proswvpou Ῥhgivou,  132 ejpivskopoς Sbivdhς,  168 b. kandidᾶtoς, ἔkdikoς Cersῶnoς,  104 prwtokunhgovς (?),  155 strathgo;ς tῆς Qra/vkhς,  7 Nikovlaoς,  110, 116, 131, 164, 187 Ἑxamilivthς,  150 (?) Kallivnikoς, patrivkioς,  45, 54 Kalovyucoς, ejxavktwr,  145 Katakalwvn,  167 Machtavrioς,  133 245

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Machtavrioς, dioikhthvς,  133 Sunevsioς, prwtoprovedroς,  56 ἀrciepivskopoς Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς,  102 II, ἀrciepivskopoς Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς,  119, 161 grafeu;ς ejk tῆς Ἀbuvdou,  80 (?) ἔparcoς povlewς,  131 mavgistroς, ἀnquvpatoς, patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  101, 107 monacovς,  115 monacovς, ejpivskopoς Proΐnwn,  187 (?) patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  86-87 (?) patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Boukellarivwn,  165 (?) sebastovς,  189 b. spaqavrioς,  108 (?) b. spaqavrioς, dioikhthvς, Bavnaς (?),  139 b. spaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn (?),  173, 192 ὕpatoς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou, suvmponoς,  134 Nikopovlewς, ἀrciepivskopoς, Ἀnastavsioς,  131 Nivsou, ἀnagrafeuvς, Dekanovς, Nikhfovroς,  57 Nobogravdou, ejpivskopoς, Ἀrkavdioς,  39 ejpivskopoς, Neovfutoς,  39 Nomopoivdatoς (?),Ἰwavnnhς,  111 (b.) notavrioς,  128 [cf. prwtonotavrioς (?) Kiburraiwtῶn or Murelaivou,  143] toῦ eijdikoῦ lovgou, Micahvl,  150 Ἀbouvkhr (?),  138 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  148 Calkouvtzhς, Basivleioς,  54 Ἀlevxandroς,  127 Ἀnastavsioς,  171 Basivleioς,  108 Eὐfhvmioς,  127 Qeofuvlaktoς,  127 Kῦroς,  128 Levwn,  128 Nikhvtaς,  128 Pantolevwn (?),  128 Sisivnnioς,  189 notarius, Anastasius,  127 Georgius,  180 Nuvsshς, ejpivskopoς,  172 provedroς, Ἰwavnnhς,  176 Xanqovpouloς, Levwn,  147 Xevnh, monachv, prwtobestiavrissa,  48, 56, 59 Xhrovς, [cf. Cavrwn (?),  140] Basivleioς, mavgistroς, krith;ς toῦ Aijgaivou Pelavgouς,  167 (?) Micahvl, patrivkioς,  55 Xifili'noς, 1’À (?) 246

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Gewvrgioς II, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  195 Xulinitῶn,  154 Ὀbodianovς, ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  179 Ὀgkevatoς, ὕpatoς,  183 oijkeiakῶn (ejpi; tῶn), (cf. ejpi; toῦ maglabivou,  138) ἀntiproswpῶn toῦ sekrevtou, Tzirivqwn, Basivleioς,  168 Ἀkavpnhς, Levwn,  166 Eὐstavqioς,  166 Manouhvl,  184 Sumewvn,  46, 55 oijkevthς, Batavtzhς Douvkaς, Ἰwshvf,  146 Grhgovrioς,  155 Kwnstanti'noς,  190 Levwn,  43, 44 Muvrwn,  147 oijkistikovς, Qeovdwroς,  123 oijkonovmoς tῆς b. monῆς Lakavpaς, Pevtroς,  146 oijkonovmoς tῆς Nevaς, Basivleioς,  36 Ὄlbioς, ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  172 Ὀluvmpioς,  179 Ὀlumpivou (?), cf. Ἀlupivou (?),  154 Ὀmavlhς (?),  142 Ὁnwvrioς, basileuvς,  19 (b.) ojstiavrioς, Qeovgnwstoς,  150 Kwnstanti'noς,  101 Levwn,  103 Stevfanoς,  174, 178 Oὐmarazovthς (?), provedroς, logoqevthς tῶn ἀgelῶn, Oὐranovς, Sumewvn, bestavrchς, kevnswr, krithvς Kappadokivaς,  151 Ὀyikivou,  4, 6, 12-13, 140 kovmhς, Ἀrtavbasdoς,  183, 192, 194 kovmhς, Qeovdwroς,  7 krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) strathgo;ς qeofulavktou b.,  140 Opsicion basilicon,  124 Pavgkaloς (?), drouggavrioς,  193, 194 Pakatianῆς, kommevrkia basilikav,  183 topothrhthvς,  12 Pakourianovς, Ἀpavsioς,  148 Ἀpavsioς, mavgistroς,  147 247

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἀspievthς,  34, 57, 144 Grhgovrioς,  147 Grhgovrioς, sebastovς, douvx,  144 Tatouvlhς, prwtonwbelivssimoς, ἄrcwn tῶn ἀrcovntwn,  144 Palaiologivna, Douvkaina, Qeodwvra, aὐgouvsta,  131, 167 Palaiolovgoς, Komnhnodouvkaς, Gewvrgioς,  188 Komnhnovς, Gewvrgioς,  142 Ἀndrovnikoς II, basileuvς,  131, 155 (?), 158 (?), 160 (?), 161 (?) Ἀndrovnikoς IV, basileuvς,  143 Gewvrgioς, Komnhnodoukovblastoς,  142 Gewvrgioς, sebastovς,  157, 177, 190 logoqevthς,  142 Pamfulivaς, ἀpoqhvkhς, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, Nikhvtaς,  161 ἀpoqhvkhς, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, Sunetovς,  161 Panqhvrioς, (?) mhtropolivthς Ἀdrianoupovlewς,  56, 59 patrivkioς, strathgovς Sikelivaς,  128, 169 Panormi episcopus, Theodorus,  124 pansevbastoς sebastovς, Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς,  (3), 32 Panteugenovς, Swthvricoς,  27 Pantecnhvς, Ἰwavnnhς, cartofuvlax,  39 Pantolevwn,  138 (?), 153 (?) kovmhς,  179 (?) (?) notavrioς,  127 ὕpatoς, prwtonotavrioς toῦ drovmou,  121 cartoulavrioς,  179 panupersevbastoς, Kontostevfanoς, Stevfanoς,  26, 28 pavpaς, Kwnstanti'noς I,  5 Papikivou, prῶtoς,  50, 55, 59 Paradounabivtwn,  58 katepavnw, Phgwnivthς, Qeovdwroς,  191 paraqalassivthς,∆Hlivaς,  133 parafuvlax, Ἀbuvdou, Qeovktistoς,  118 Ἀbuvdou, Qeofavnhς,  118 Pavrdoς,  140 path;r povlewς Cersῶnoς, Sevrgioς,  104 patriarcha antiocenus, Aimericus,  115, 156 patriavrchς, Ἱerosoluvmwn,  38 Ἱerosoluvmwn, Ἰwavnnhς VIII,  177 Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  64 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Gewvrgioς II Xifili'noς,  195 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Grhgovrioς,  188 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  87 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Kosmᾶς I,  119 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Loukᾶς,  38 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Micahvl I Khroulavrioς,  189 248

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Micahvl III,  155 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Nei'loς Kerameuvς,  143 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Nikovlaoς,  86-87 Kwnstantinoupovlewς, Truvfwn,  87 patriarciko;ς ἔxarcoς,  143 tῆς Qra/vkhς or tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Kwnstanti'noς,  184 patrivkioς,  5-6, 10-11, 92, 100, 106, 138 (?),  162 Ἁgiozacarivthς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  164 Batavtzhς, Bruevnnioς,  55 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 Qeodwrokavnoς,  159 Qeodwrokavnoς, Kwnstanti'noς,  134 Qeodwrokavnoς, Nikhfovroς,  185 Kallivnikoς, Nikovlaoς (?),  45, 54 Khroulavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  150 Karavmalloς, Nikhfovroς,  164 Manikᾶς (?), Micahvl,  168 Maurokatakalwvn, Grhgovrioς,  118 Monomavcoς, Paῦloς,  102 Xhrovς (?), Micahvl,  55 Pentaktevnhς, Ἐpifavnioς,  131 Phgwnivthς, Qeovdwroς,  191 Povqoς, Ἀrgurovς,  114 Tzirivqwn, Basivleioς,  168 Coirosfavkthς, Gewvrgioς,  40, 56 Ἄnqhς,  143 Ἀpelavthς,  5 Ἀrsabhvr,  6 Ἀrtavbasdoς,  183 Ἀswvtioς,  139 Bardavnhς Toῦrkoς,  184 Bavrdaς,  156, 180 Bhshvr,  167-168, 183 Gewvrgioς,  73, 99, 165, 170 Goulhevlmoς,  129 Grhgovrioς,  128 Dabivd,  128 (?) Dhmhvtrioς,  175 Dwrovqeoς,  105 Ἐlissai'oς,  102 Ἡravkleioς,  10, 182, 193 Qeovdwroς,  7, 130, 183 Qeovktistoς,  120 Qeovfiloς,  5 Qwmᾶς,  120, 157 Ἰwavnnhς,  99-100, 109 (?), 123, 147, 164, 182, 183 (?), 184 Kovnwn,  11 Kosmᾶς,  123 Kwnstanti'noς,  101, 128, (cf. b. prwtospaqavrioς, Ἀrtavbasdoς,  192) Levwn,  109 (?),  120 (?) Makrovbioς,  182 Marianovς,  12 Micahvl,  103, 151, 185 249

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Nikhvtaς,  100, 102 Nikovlaoς,  101, 107, 165 (?) Panqhvrioς,  128, 169 Paῦloς,  130, 186 Pevtroς,  169, 180 Salbevntioς,  7 Sevrgioς,  129, 130 Sisivnnioς,  46, 53, 183 Stevfanoς,  124 Swthvricoς (?),  46, 54 Tatianovς,  165, 171, 182, 193 Filippikovς,  119 Cosrovbioς,  139 (cf. Ἀswvthς) Patrivkioς (?), Dhmhvtrioς,  175 Patrovfiloς, ejpivskopoς Faustinoupovlewς,  72 Paῦloς,  116 (?), 131, 137, 180 Monomavcoς, patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  102 ἔparcoς,  181 kommerkiavrioς,  69 patrivkioς,  186 patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgovς Sikelivaς,  130 provedroς, katepavnw jEdevsshς,  94 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou, stratiwtiko;ς logoqevthς,  166 strathgo;ς Sikelivaς,  7 Paflagonivaς, [cf. Pelagoniva (?),  137] douvx, Komnhnovς, Qeovdwroς,  186 krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Micahvl,  148 krithvς, Basivleioς,  167 topothrhthvς, cf. krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἰppodrovmou,  153 Pacuvς, Ἀnastavsioς,  175 Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  62 Basivleioς, diavkonoς, maΐstwr tῶn rJhtovrwn, mhtropolivthς Kerkuvraς,  63 Basivleioς, katepavnw Ἀntioceivaς, katepavnw Sikelivaς,  63 Pediavsimoς, Eὐmovrfioς, prwtospaqavrioς, tagmatofuvlax, strathgovς,  109 Pelavgioς (?),  116 Pelagoniva (?),  137 Peloponnhvsou,  4 douvx, Botaneiavthς, Nikhfovroς,  186 qevma,  5 penqera; toῦ basilevwς, Qeoktivsth,  132 Pentaktevnhς, Ἐpifavnioς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς,  131 Pepagwmevnoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  42, 57 Perhnovς, Levwn, mavgistroς, dou;x pavshς Duvsewς,  112 Persqlabivtzaς, strathgovς, Ἀevtioς,  35, 54 Pevtroς,  189 Gumnovς, ἀshkrῆtiς, krithvς Seleukeivaς, Podandoῦ, Tarsoῦ,  159 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  182 ἀpo; ὐpavtwn, patrivkioς,  180 despotikovς, cartoulavrioς,  180 250

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

ἔparcoς,  190 monacovς, oijkonovmoς tῆς b. monῆς Lakavpaς,  146 patrivkioς, ἄnqrwpoς basilevwς,  169 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ἀshkrῆtiς, krithvς,  151 b. prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς Kappadokivaς, cf. Pevtroς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, ἀshkrῆtiς, krithvς,  151 b. spaqavrioς, ἄrcwn Drougoubitῶn,  153 uiJoς; Qeodwvrou,  181 (?) Pevtrou, uiJoς; , Qeovdwroς,  181 (?) Petrus,  188 Petrwnᾶς, Kamathrovς (?), prwtospaqavrioς (?), strathgo;ς tῶn Klimavtwn (?),  108 Phgwnivthς, Qeovdwroς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, bevsthς, katepavnw tῶn Paradounabivtwn,  191 Pisidivaς, ἀpoqhvkhς, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, Nikhvtaς,  161 ἀpoqhvkhς, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς, Sunetovς,  161 b. pistikovς, Kurivtzioς,  126 pistoῦ poimnivou, proedreuvwn, Eὐgevnioς,  63-64 Plagiwvthς, Ἰwavnnhς, ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  165, 180, 193 Ἰwavnnhς, ijllouvstrioς  180 Plavkidoς (?),  123 Plavtwn, mhtropolivthς,  190 Platon, praetor,  145 b. ploΐmou, drouggavrioς, Nikhvtaς,  166 tῶn ploΐmwn, katepavnw, Nikhvtaς,  166 Plouti'noς, kovmhς tῶn ἀgelῶn,  127 Podandoῦ, krithvς, Gumnovς, Pevtroς,  159 (cf. Seleukeivaς krithvς, Tarsoῦ krithvς) Povqoς, Ἀrgurovς, patrivkioς,  114 poimhvn,  50, 55, 59 povlewς, ἔparcoς (cf. ἀnnwnevparcoς, ἔparcoς tῶn praitwrivwn,  140) ἔparcoς, Ἀkuli'noς (?),  131 ἔparcoς, Nikhvtaς, cf. Dalasshnovς or Melisshnovς, Nikhvtaς (?), ἔparcoς,  139 ἔparcoς, Nikovlaoς (?),  131 Bavnhς Baasprakanivaς, ἀrciepivskopoς,  138 (?) Katavnhς, mhtropolivthς, Ἀntwvnioς,  189 Cersῶnoς, pathvr, Sevrgioς,  104 Poluvς,  46 Stevfanoς,  46, 56 porfuroblastevggonoς, Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς (3), Ἀlevxioς,  31 praefectus praetorio Italiae, Macrobius,  145 praetor, Platon,  145 praipovsitoς, 251

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Machtavrioς, Levwn,  133 Qwmᾶς,  120, 157 Nikhvtaς,  183 pravktwr Krhvthς, Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (1),  28 presbuvteroς,  50, 55, 59 tῆς Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς (cf. ejkklhsevkdikoi tῆς Megavlhς Ἐkklhsivaς),  188, 190, 195 Movdestoς,  179 presbyter, Adeodatus,  124 praitwrivwn, ἔparcoς,  140 (b.) primikhvrioς, (cf. ἀshkrῆtiς,  141, 154) Gomostovς, Basivleioς,  184 Bavrdaς,  136 (?) Ἰwavnnhς,  109 Kwnstanti'noς,  101 Levwn,  101, 107 (?) Cristovforoς,  121 primiskrivnioς, Theodoros,  180 Probavtioς (?),  191 proedreuvwn pistoῦ poimnivou, Eὐgevnioς,  63-64 provedroς,  64, 110 Nuvsshς, Ἰwavnnhς,  176 Ῥwsivaς, Kwnstanti'noς I,  37-39, 57, 59 Ἀlousiavnoς, Samouhvl,  151 Ἀpokavphς, Basivleioς,  113 Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Ἑxamilivthς,  138, 149, 153 Kalokerivthς (?), Ἰwavnnhς,  170-171 Kolwneiavthς (?), Micahvl,  164 Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς,  191 Maῦroς, Basivleioς,  56 Tarcaneiwvthς Ἰwshvf,  129 Filavgrhς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  42 Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς,  92-93, 176 Qeovdwroς,  110 Ἰwavnnhς,  42, 56 Kwnstanti'noς,  119 (?) Micahvl,  137, 153 Nikhvtaς,  192 Oὐmarazovthς (?),  173 Paῦloς,  94 Tornivkioς,  65, 167 Prokovpioς,  135 Procopius, augustus,  163 Proΐnwn, ejpivskopoς, Nikovlaoς,  187 (?) Promoundhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς, mavgistroς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou kai; tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  195 prwtallagavtwr, Manikaΐthς,  159 Prwteuvwn, Ἰwavnnhς, strathgo;ς Ἑllavdoς,  103 prwtoashkrῆtiς, Ἰwavnnhς,  121 prwtobestavrchς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  175 252

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

prwtobestiavrissa, Xevnh,  48, 56, 59 prwtobestiavrioς, Aὐgousti'noς, cf. prwtobestivtwr, Aὐgousti'noς,  165 Nikhvtaς,  192 prwtobestivtwr, Aὐgousti'noς,  165 prwtovqronoς, Kaisareivaς, Eὐgevnioς,  64 prwtokagkellavrioς, cf. mevgaς kagkellavrioς (?),  154 prwtokouropalavthς, Bracavmioς, Filavretoς,  186 prwtokunhgovς (?), Nikhfovroς,  155 prwtonotavrioς, toῦ drovmou,  121 toῦ drovmou, Ἰwavnnhς,  121 toῦ drovmou, Pantolevwn,  121 tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn,  6 Qra/khsivwn, Aijmilianovς,  184 (?) Kiburraiwtῶn (?), Micahvl,  143 (?) Murelaivou (?), Micahvl,  143 strathgoῦ Qra/khsivwn, Ἀnastavsioς,  2 Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  148 Qeofavnhς,  127 Ἰwavnnhς,  159-160 Kwnstanti'noς,  127 (?), 150, 157 Mavximoς,  44, 54 prwtonwbelivssimoς, Ἀmhrᾶς, Micahvl,  176, 187 Aὐlῶnaς, Micahvl,  57 Gabrᾶς, Kwnstanti'noς,  105 Pakourianovς, Tatouvlhς,  144 Filavretoς, Ῥwmanovς,  187 prwtonwbelissimou>pevrtatoς, Maniavkhς, Kwnstanti'noς,  57 prwtopapavς,  141 prwtopapivaς, cf. prwtopapavς,  141 prwtoprovedroς,  134 Botaneiavthς, Nikhfovroς,  186 Dobromhrovς, Qeovdwroς,  47, 57 Douvkaς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  93 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  149 Sunevsioς, Nikovlaoς,  56 (?) Bavrdaς,  148 prῶtoς toῦ Papikivou,  50, 55, 59 prwtosebastovς, Branᾶς, Ἀlevxioς, Komnhnovblastoς,  137 (b.) prwtospaqavrioς,  6, 49, 49, 50, 53, 54, 100, 102, 132, 162, 169 Ἁgioapostolivthς, Levwn,  44, 56 Ἀkavpnhς, Levwn,  166 Ἀntiocivthς,  35, 55 Ἀntiocivthς, Cristovdouloς,  114 Ἀrianivthς, Kwnstanti'noς,  164 Ἀtricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 Bebaptismevnoς, Qeovdwroς,  157 Gomostovς, Basivleioς,  184 253

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, Kwnstanti'noς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, Sevrgioς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, Sisivnnioς,  148 (?) Eὐforbhnovς, Stevfanoς,  155 Kalovyucoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  185 (?) Kamathrovς (?), Petrwnᾶς,  108 Kasshterᾶς, Qeovdwroς,  34, 54 Katakalovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  168 Kourtivkhς, Micahvl,  134 Krenivthς (?) or Kriskevntioς (?),  146 Maracᾶς, Micahvl,  166 Marcayavboς, Kuriakovς,  136 Machtavrioς, Basivleioς,  132 Monomavcoς, Paῦloς,  102 Mousevlhς, Gewvrgioς,  109 Nei'loς (?), Ἰwavnnhς,  150 Pediavsimoς, Eὐmovrfioς,  109 Tzamandhnovς, Basivleioς,  185 Tricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 Ἀarwvn,  62 Ἀevtioς,  35, 54 Ἀpelavthς,  5 Ἀrtavbasdoς,  192-194 Ἀswvthς,  138 Bardavnhς Toῦrkoς,  184 Basivleioς,  100, 167 Gewvrgioς,  41, 113, 172 Grhgovrioς,  54, 108 Dabivd,  128, 139 Ἐlissai'oς,  102 Ἐpifavnioς,  99 Eὐstavqioς,  166 ∆Hlivaς,  133, 185 Qeovgnwstoς,  47, 54, 130 Qeovdotoς,  128 Qeodwvrhtoς,  158 Qeovdwroς,  100, 107, 113, 115 Qeofavnhς,  126, 182 Qwmᾶς,  120, 157, 185 Ἰwavnnhς,  100, 104, 107-109, 121, 151, 158, 162, 167, 172, 184, 192, 193-194 Kwnstanti'noς,  128, 157, 185, 195 Levwn,  101-102, 107 (?), 164, 166 (?), 194 Manouhvl,  184 Manouhvlioς (?),  184 Mavximoς,  44, 54 Micahvl,  101, 103, 115, 143, 156, 185 Muvrwn,  53 Nikhvtaς,  50 (?), 54 (?), 100, 102, 121 Nikovlaoς,  101, 107, 165 (?) Paῦloς,  130, 166 254

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Pevtroς,  151 Ῥwmanovς,  168 Sevrgioς,  162 Sisivnnioς,  46, 53 Stauravkioς (?), cf. Kwnstanti'noς ὕpatoς,  137 (?) Stevfanoς,  46, 54 Sumewvn,  46, 55, 166 (?) Tornivkioς,  114 Filovqeoς,  99 Fwteinovς,  163 Fwvtioς,  119 prwtospaqavrissa, Mariva,  136 prwtostravtwr, Grhgovrioς,  125 Ἰwavnnhς,  184 Kwnstanti'noς,  183 Stevfanoς,  164 Ravenna,  4 Ῥadhnovς,  45 (?), 55 (?), Grhgovrioς,  136 Kwnstanti'noς,  168 Ῥaidestoῦ, basilikovς, Dabivd,  139 rJaivktwr, Basivleioς,  36, 53, 59 Raimundus, comes tripolitanus,  156 rJeferendavrioς, Qeovdwroς,  180 Qeofuvlaktoς,  189 Ῥhgivou, ejk proswvpou, Nikhfovroς,  132 rJhvx tῶn Oὕggrwn, Bladivsqlaboς II,  27 Gei>tzᾶς II,  27 Stevfanoς III,  27-28 Stevfanoς IV,  27-28 rex (?), Liutprandus,  113 Ῥikavrdoς, konostaῦloς,  130 rJogavtwr, Manouhvl,  184 Ῥogevrioς, Ἀndrovnikoς, sebastovς,  160 Ῥostovmioς (?),  179 Ῥoῦsoς, cf. Boῦsoς (?),  141 Roussel of Bailleul,  93 Ῥwmaivwn, aὐtokravtwr, Melisshnovς, Nikhfovroς,  112 basileuvς, Komnhnovς, Ἰsaavkioς I,  112 basileuvς, Eὐfhvmioς,  132 Ῥwmanovς, 111 (?), 165 [?, cf. Marianovς, 165 (?), Mari'noς,  165 (?)], 179 IV, Diogevnhς, basileuvς,  94, 113, 176, 185 Monasthriwvthς, mavgistroς,  56 Filavretoς, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  187 255

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

I, basileuvς,  158, 160, 165 ejpivskopoς Ἀlabavndwn,  186 mhtropolivthς Kuzivkou, suvgkelloς,  185 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; tῆς megavlhς eJtaireivaς,  168 Ῥwsivaς, ἄrcwn, Dabivd,  110 provedroς, Kwnstanti'noς I,  37-38, 57, 59 mhtropolivthς pavshς, Klhvmhς,  39 mhtropolivthς pavshς, Kwnstanti'noς I,  38-39 mhtropolivthς pavshς, Kwnstanti'noς II,  38, 119 Sagovpouloς (?),  138 sakellavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  172, 184, 193-194 Salbevntioς, patrivkioς, strathgo;ς Sikelivaς,  7 Salibᾶς (?) or Salouvkhς (?),  153 Saloutarivaς, kommevrkia basilikav,  183 Samouhvl, Ἀlousiavnoς, bestavrchς, dou;x Ἐdevsshς,  151 Ἀlousiavnoς, bestavrchς, strathgovς,  151 Ἀlousiavnoς, provedroς, douvx,  151 Mauropovdhς, cartofuvlax,  133 Samouvc,  90 Savrdewn, ejpivskopoς, Eὐquvmioς,  64 mhtropolivthς, Stulianovς,  162 Sarwnivthς (cf. Tarwnivthς), Kwnstanti'noς,  79 Kwnstanti'noς,  80 Micahvl, mavgistroς, dou;x pavshς Duvsewς,  122 Sbivdhς, ejpivskopoς, Nikhfovroς,  168 Sebavsteia,  153 sebasthv, Douvkaina, Ἄnna,  35, 57 sebastokravtwr, Ἰwavnnhς,  142 sebastovς, Ἀtouvmhς, Nikhfovroς,  142 Batavtzhς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  177 Batavtzhς, Basivleioς,  177 Bracavmioς, Filavretoς,  187 Gabrᾶς, Qeovdwroς,  106 Ghravrdoς, Levwn,  157 Glabᾶς, Gewvrgioς,  130 Douvkaς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  33, 57 Douvkaς, Kamathrovblastoς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  142, 168 Douvkaς, Nikhfovroς,  177 Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς,  56, 187 (cf. Komnhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς, 190) Komnhnovς, Qeovdwroς,  159 Komnhnovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  189, 190, 191 (?) Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς (1),  30 Pakourianovς, Grhgovrioς,  144 Palaiolovgoς, Gewvrgioς,  157, 177, 190 Ῥogevrioς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  160 256

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Strufnovς, Micahvl,  188 Basivleioς,  113 Micahvl, cf. sebastovς Nikovlaoς (?),  189 Nikovlaoς (?),  189 Sebastouvpoliς, cf. Sebavsteia,  153 sebastofovroς, Machtavrioς, Micahvl,  133 sekrevtou tῶn oijkeiakῶn, ἀntiproswpῶn, Tzirivqwn, Basivleioς,  168 Seleukeivaς, ἀnagrafeuvς, Blavggaς, Levwn,  163 kleisouravrchς, Eὐstavqioς,  162, 166 krithvς,  140 krithvς, Gumnovς, Pevtroς,  159 (cf. Podandoῦ krithvς, Tarsoῦ krithvς) krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  148 krithvς, Kalovyucoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  185 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) krithvς, Levwn,  194 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) mhtropolivthς, Ἰoulianovς,  87 strathgovς, Blavggaς, Levwn,  163 strathgovς, Micahvl,  156, 185 Sevleukoς, Nikhvtaς,  56 Sevrgioς,  117 (?), 131, 169, 179, 183 Ἑxamilivthς, bestavrchς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, bevsthς, krithvς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, bevsthς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, bevsthς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou kai; tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  149, 195 Ἑxamilivthς, prwtoprovedroς, dikaiofuvlax, ἔparcoς,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, prwtoprovedroς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  149 Ἑxamilivthς, prwtospaqavrioς, b. notavrioς, krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou,  148 douvx,  141 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  171 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς,  103 path;r povlewς Cersῶnoς,  104 patrivkioς, strathgovς,  129 patrivkioς, strathgovς Sikelivaς,  130 prwtospaqavrioς, krith;ς Melithnῆς,  162 b. spaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῶn Kiburraiwtῶn,  174 b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ejk proswvpou Cersῶnoς,  104 strathgo;ς Sikelivaς,  7 Sevrgioς (?), ὕpatoς, b. spaqavrioς,  124 Sergius, ex consul, chartularius,  183 Serrῶn, mhtropolivthς, Qeovdwroς,  186 Serwvhς (?), stravtwr (?),  190 Sevttwn, ejpivskopoς, Eὐstavqioς,  143 Seuevrioς (?),  117 Sikelivaς,  4, 7, 13 ἀpoqhvkh,  3 dioikhthvς, Leovntioς,  126 ejpi; tῶn dehvsewn, Kosmᾶς,  126 qevma,  5 katepavnw, Pediadivthς, Basivleioς,  63 kovmhς tῆς kovrthς, Micahvl,  127 257

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

kovmhς tῆς kovrthς, Sisinnavkioς,  129 strathgovς, Grhgovrioς,  128 strathgovς, Dabivd,  128 strathgovς, Qeovgnwstoς,  130 strathgovς, Qeovdwroς,  7 strathgovς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  7 strathgovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  128 strathgovς, Panqhvrioς,  128, 169 strathgovς, Paῦloς,  7, 130 strathgovς, Salbevntioς,  7 strathgovς, Sevrgioς,  7, 130 Sisinnavkioς, b. spaqavrioς, kovmhς tῆς kovrthς Sikelivaς,  129 Sisivnnioς,  183 Ἑxamilivthς, prwtospaqavrioς,  148 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  66, 181 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, doῦloς tῆς Qeotovkou,  156, 181 notavrioς,  189 patrivkioς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, strathgo;ς tῆς Qra/vkhς,  46, 53 patrivkioς, strathgovς,  183 strathgovς,  168 cartoulavrioς tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn,  6 Skaravnoς, Gewvrgioς,  163, 188 Skrivbaς, Basivleioς, kevnswr, skrivbaς, krithvς,  173, 186, 193 skrivbaς (cf. skrivbwn,  137) skrivbwn,  137 Gewvrgioς,  181 Skuvlla, cf. Ἀkuvlaς,  188 Smolinivskou, ejpivskopoς, Manouhvl,  39 Smuvrnhς, mhtropolivthς, Mhtrofavnhς,  156 Solomwnavkhς, cf. Solomῶn,  138 Solomῶn,  138, 175 Sougdaivaς, strathgovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  109, 147 (?) strathgo;ς, Mousevlhς, Gewvrgioς,  109 soultavn, Klitziasqlavn II,  28 Sofrwvnhς patrikivwn tῶn Culinitῶn, monhv,  140 sofrwvnwn patrikivwn tῶn kallinivkwn, monhv, cf. Sofrwvnhς patrikivwn tῶn Culinitῶn, monhv,  140 (b.) spaqavrioς,  5, 11, 100, 107-108, 121, 124-125, 135, 189 Sponduvlhς, Micahvl,  186 Ἀdrianovς,  5 Ἀndrevaς,  11 Baavnhς,  193 Gewvrgioς,  125 Grhgorᾶς (?),  53 Grhgovrioς,  106 Damianovς,  11 Eὐfhmianovς,  166 Qeovdotoς,  5 Qeovktistoς,  153 Qeofavnhς,  126, 195 Qeofuvlaktoς,  99 258

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἰwavnnhς,  11, 108, 110 (?), 141, 188 Kwnstanti'noς,  106, 133, 152 Leovntioς,  126 Levwn,  105 Maurivkioς,  125 Micahvl,  127 Nikovlaoς,  108 (?), 139, 173, 192 Pevtroς,  153 Sevrgioς,  124, 174 Sisinnavkioς,  129 Stauravkioς,  144 Stevfanoς, 125,  164 (?) Tornivkioς,  114 Fwteinovς,  127 (b.) spaqarokandidᾶtoς,  125, 147 Gabrᾶς, Levwn,  105 Ἑxamilivthς, Gewvrgioς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, Levwn,  149 Kourtivkhς, Ἰwavnnhς,  134 Surovpouloς, Kwnstanti'noς,  54 Ἀbravmioς,  114 Ἀgaqovnikoς,  54 Anastavsioς,  125 Eὐstavqioς,  162, 166 Qeovdwroς,  122-123 Qeovktistoς,  125 Ἰavkwboς,  53 Kuriakovς,  185 Kwnstanti'noς,  107 Levwn,  126 Micahvl,  114, 149 Sevrgioς,  104 Stauravkioς,  127 Stevfanoς,  164 Ὑpavtioς,  150 Cristovforoς,  36, 54 (b.) spaqarokoubikoulavrioς, Ἀntwvnioς,  146 (?) Ἰwavnnhς,  110 Sphlaivou (?), hJgouvmenoς, Ἐfraivm,  185, 193 Sponduvlhς, Micahvl, spaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, ἀshkrῆtiς,  186 stavblou (?), cartoulavrioς, Ἡsaΐaς,  179 Stauravkioς,  123 (?), 145 kommerkiavrioς Qessalonivkhς,  144 (?) b. prwtospaqavrioς, cf. Kwnstanti'noς ὕpatoς,  137 (?) b. spaqavrioς, kommerkiavrioς Qessalonivkhς,  144 ὕpatoς, dioikhth;ς tῶn ejparciῶn,  162 ὕpatoς, b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς,  127 Stevfanoς,  170, 187, 195 Eὐforbhnovς, prwtospaqavrioς (?), taxiavrchς,  155 Kontostevfanoς, panupersevbastoς, (uiJoς; Ἰsaakivou K.),  26, 28 259

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς,  25 Poluvς,  46, 56 ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, mandavtwr,  124 ἀrciepivskopoς Ἀgciavlou,  41 I, ἀrciepivskopoς Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς,  86 II, ἀrciepivskopoς Kwnstantinoupovlewς Nevaς Ῥwvmhς,  85-87 dioikhthvς,  162 drouggavrioς,  169 koubouklhvsioς,  54, 59 mhtropolivthς Ἀmaseivaς,  86 ojstiavrioς,  174, 178 patrivkioς, stratiwtiko;ς logoqevthς,  124 prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou,  46, 54 III, rJhvx tῶn Oὕggrwn,  27-28 IV, rJhvx tῶn Oὕggrwn,  27-28 b. spaqavrioς,  125 b. spaqavrioς, cartoulavrioς,  164 stravtwr,  134 ὕpatoς, b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, prwtostravtwr,  164 stovlou, (mevgaς douvx), Kontostevfanoς, Ἰsaavkioς,  26 Straborwmanovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  42, 57 strathgivaς,  4, 7, 10, 12-13 Ἑllavdoς, kommevrkia basilikav,  8 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, kommevrkia basilikav,  8-9 tῶn Kiburraiwtῶn, kommevrkia basilikav,  9 strathgovς,  1-2, 10-11 Ἀdavnhς, Qeovdwroς,  113 Ἀnabavrzhς, Ἀtricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 Ἀnabavrzhς, Tricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn,  11 tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn, Kovnwn,  11 tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn, Marianovς,  12 tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn, cf. ἄrcwn toῦ ἀrmamevntou,  137, 153 tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn, Levwn,  12 Bavrnaς, Ἀswvtioς,  139 tῶn Boukellarivwn,  162 tῶn Boukellarivwn, Nikovlaoς (?),  165 Germanikeivaς, Qwmᾶς,  185 Ἑllavdoς, Prwteuvwn, Ἰwavnnhς,  103 Qessalonivkhς, cf. strathgo;ς qeofulavktou b. Ὀyikivou,  141 Qessalonivkhς, Micahvl,  103 tῶn Qra/vkhς,  58, (cf. strathgo;ς tῶn Qra/khsivwn or tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn,  141) tῆς Qra/vkhς, Grhgorᾶς (?),  53 tῆς Qra/vkhς, Nikhfovroς,  7 tῆς Qra/vkhς, Sisivnnioς,  46, 53 tῆς Qra/vkhς, Swthvricoς (?),  46, 54 tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn  6, 141 (?) tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn, Ἀrsabhvr,  6 tῶn Qra/khsivwn,  2, 49, 53, 141 (?), 169 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Lacanodravkwn, Micahvl,  12 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Bardavnhς Toῦrkoς,  184 260

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Levwn,  12 tῶn Qra/khsivwn (?), Nikovlaoς,  173, 192 Kavmaς, cf. Kam... or Cam... (?, family name),  138 tῶn Karabisiavnwn,  5 tῶn Karabisiavnwn, Ἀdrianovς,  5 tῶn Karabisiavnwn, Ἀpelavthς,  5 tῶn Karabisiavnwn, Qeovfiloς,  5 tῶn Kiburraiwtῶn, Sevrgioς,  174 (?) tῶn Klimavtwn (?), Kamathrovς (?), Petrwnᾶς,  108 tῶn Klimavtwn Cersῶnoς,  147 Makedonivaς,  49, 53-55, 58 (cf. strathgo;ς Makedovnwn,  141) Makedovnwn,  141 Mamivstraς (?), Levwn (?), cf. strathgovς, Machtavrioς (?), Qeovdwroς,  139 b. Ὀyikivou qeofulavktou,  141 Persqlabivtzaς, Ἀevtioς,  35, 54 Seleukeivaς, Blavggaς, Levwn,  163 Seleukeivaς, Micahvl,  156, 185 Sikelivaς, Grhgovrioς,  128 Sikelivaς, Dabivd,  128 Sikelivaς, Qeovgnwstoς,  130 Sikelivaς, Qeovdwroς,  7 Sikelivaς, Qeofuvlaktoς,  7 Sikelivaς, Kwnstanti'noς,  128 Sikelivaς, Panqhvrioς,  128, 169 Sikelivaς, Paῦloς,  7, 130 Sikelivaς, Salbevntioς,  7 Sikelivaς, Sevrgioς,  7, 130 Sougdaivaς, Ἰwavnnhς,  109, 147 (?) Sougdaivaς, Mousevlhς, Gewvrgioς,  109 Strumῶnoς, Krenivthς (?) or Kriskevntioς (?),  146 Tranoῦ,  132 Cersῶnoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  104, 108 Ἀlousiavnoς, Samouhvl,  151 Bebaptismevnoς, Qeovdwroς,  157, 172 Ἑxamilivthς, Kwnstanti'noς,  148 Qeodwrokavnoς, Nikhfovroς,  185 Kasshterᾶς, Qeovdwroς,  34, 54 Kourtivkhς, Micahvl,  134 Machtavrioς (?), Qeovdwroς,  139 Melisshnovς, Micahvl,  109 Pediavsimoς, Eὐmovrfioς,  109 (?) Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς,  92 Fravggoς, Zacarivaς,  176 Bhshvr,  167-168, 183 (?) Grhgovrioς,  109 Qeodwvrhtoς,  158 Qeovdwroς,  122, 130 Ἰwavnnhς,  108-109 Sevrgioς,  129 Sisivnnioς,  168, 183 strathlavthς,  11, 183 Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς,  90-91 (tῆς Ἀnatolῆς),  92-93, 176 261

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Gewvrgioς,  71 Dionuvsioς,  179, 193 Qeovteknoς,  181, 193, 194 Kwnstanti'noς,  67 Truvfwn,  179 Fwteinovς,  69 Stratiwtikovς, Brivggaς, Micahvl VI, basileuvς,  90 stratiwtiko;ς logoqevthς, Gewvrgioς,  172 Paῦloς,  166 Stevfanoς,  124 stratiwtikoῦ, cartoulavrioς (mevgaς), Micahvl,  185 stratiwtikoῦ logoqesivou, cartoulavrioς, Ἰwavnnhς,  151, 158 cartoulavrioς, Kwnstanti'noς,  150, 157 cartoulavrioς, Levwn (?),  136 (b.) stravtwr, Ἰwavnnhς,  146, 195 (?) Serwvhς (?),  190 Stevfanoς,  134 Strobhvlou, ἄrcwn,Ἰwavnnhς,  195 Strumῶnoς, krithvς, Sumewvn,  46, 55 (cf. Boleroῦ) strathgo;ς, Krenivthς (?) or Kriskevntioς (?),  146 Strufnovς, Micahvl, sebastovς,  188 Stulianovς, ἀrciepivskopoς Kaisareivaς, suvgkelloς,  64 mhtropolivthς Savrdewn,  162 suvgkelloς, Marcayavboς, Ἰwavnnhς,  186 Nikhvtaς,  175 Ῥwmanovς,  185 Stulianovς,  64 Sumewvn, Oὐranovς, bestavrchς, kevnswr, krithvς Kappadokivaς,  151 bestavrchς, katepavnw Ἀdrianoupovlewς kai; Meshmbrivaς,  161 ejpivskopoς Davmala,  169 mavgistroς, logoqevthς toῦ drovmou,  121 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ἀnagrafeu;ς tῶn Ἀrmeniakῶn,  166 b. prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; tῶn oijkeiakῶn, krith;ς Strumovnoς kai; Boleroῦ,  46, 55 suvmponoς, Nikovlaoς,  134 Sunevsioς, Nikovlaoς, prwtoprovedroς,  56 Sunetovς, ἀpo; ejpavrcwn, geniko;ς kommerkiavrioς ἀpoqhvkhς Pamfulivaς kai; Pisidivaς,  161 (cf. Nikhvtaς) Surianovς,  143 Surovpouloς, Kwnstanti'noς, spaqarokandidᾶtoς, kommerkiavrioς Debeltoῦ,  54 scolhv, tῶn Khruvkwn,  141 tῶn Kurikῶn, cf. scolh; tῶn Khruvkwn,  141 scolῶn, 262

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, domevstikoς, Bracavmioς, Filavretoς,  186 tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, domevstikoς, Kwnstanti'noς,  119 tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, domevstikoς, Nikhvtaς,  191 tῆς Ἀnatolῆς, domevstikoς, Oὐmarazovthς (?),  173 tῆς Duvsewς, domevstikoς, Komnhnovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  191-192 tῆς Duvsewς, domevstikoς, Levwn,  146 Swzopovlewς, kleisouravrchς, Kwnstanti'noς,  152 Swstratianovς (?), vicarius Thracis,  180 Swthvricoς (?), patrivkioς, strathgo;ς tῆς Qra/vkhς,  46, 54 tavgma,  12-13 tagmatofuvlax, Pediavsimoς, Eὐmovrfioς,  109 taxiavrchς, Eὐforbhnovς, Stevfanoς,  155 Tarsoῦ, kouravtwr, Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  148 kouravtwr, Kalovyucoς Ἰwavnnhς,  185 krithvς, Gumnovς, Pevtroς,  159 (cf. Podandoῦ krithvς, Seleukeivaς krithvς) Tarcaneiwvthς, Ἰwshvf, provedroς, dou;x Ἀntioceivaς,  129 Katakalwvn,  43, 57 Tarwnivthς (cf. Sarwnivthς), Ἀswvtioς, mavgistroς,  139 Kwnstanti'noς,  80 (or Sarwnivthς) Kwnstanti'noς,  79 Tatianovς, patrivkioς,  165, 171, 182, 193 Tatouvlhς, Pakourianovς, prwtonwbelivssimoς, ἄrcwn tῶn ἀrcovntwn,  144 Tetragwnivthς, Gewvrgioς,  163, 174 Tetravdioς (?),  178 Tzavkaloς (?),  143 Tzamandhnovς, Basivleioς, prwtospaqavrioς,  185 Tzimpevaς, Kwnstanti'noς,  178 Tzirivqwn, Basivleioς, patrivkioς, ἀnquvpatoς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou, ἀntiproswpῶn toῦ sekrevtou tῶn oijkeiakῶn,  168 Tzonovbioς (?),  140 Tzotz..., cf. Joscelinus (?),  116 Tzuvbinoς (?),  140 Tiberiavdoς, cf. Tiberioupovlewς (?),  154 Tibevrioς III, Ἀyivmaroς, basileuvς,  7, 10 Tiberioupovlewς (?),  154 Timivthς, cf. Timwnivthς,  137, 153 Timwnivthς,  137, 153 Cristovforoς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  157 topothrhthvς,  12 Pakatianῆς,  12 Paflagonivaς, cf. krith;ς ejpi; toῦ Ἰppodrovmou,  153 Tornivkioς,  116 Barasbatzev,  116 provedroς,  65, 167 263

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

spaqavrioς or prwtospaqavrioς,  114 Tourdivthς, cf. Pavrdoς,  140 Toῦrkoς, cf. Bardavnhς, 184 touvrma,  3 tourmavrchς,  1, 11 tῶn Ἀnatolikῶn, Nikaivaς,  11 Ἀracilavbhς, Ἀndrovnikoς,  139 Gotqivaς, Levwn,  105 tῶn Ἑlladikῶn, Ἀgallianovς,  11 Ἑllavdoς, Qeovgnioς,  129 Ἐfevsou (?), Cai'roς (?),  188 tῶn Qra/khsivwn, Baavnhς,  193 Ἀndrevaς,  11 Damianovς,  11 Ἰwavnnhς,  11 Kovnwn,  11 trakteuth;ς Nhvswn, Leovntioς,  117 Tranoῦ, strathgovς,  132 Trapezoῦntoς, basileuvς, Ἀndrovnikoς II,  131 Triakontavfulloς, Kwnstanti'noς, cf. Kwnstanti'noς Kontostevfanoς,  147 Trig..., cf. Grhgorᾶς (?), 140, 154, Trigovnhς (?), 154 Trigovnhς (?),  140, 154 Trimuvqouς (?),  179 Tripolis, comes, Raimundus,  156 Tricinwpovdhς (or Ἀtricinwpovdhς), Basivleioς, prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς, strathgo;ς Ἀnabavrzhς,  185 Truvfwn, patriavrchς Kwnstantinoupovlewς,  87 strathlavthς, ἀnquvpatoς,  179 Tuvrou, kommerkiavrioς, Ἀreovbindoς,  114 kommerkiavrioς, Mariva or Ἡria,  114 kommerkiavrioς, Micahvl,  114 uiJoςv ,

Qeodwvrou, Pevtroς,  181 (?) Ἰwavnnou, Qeovdwroς,  192, 194 Megavlou Louvlou, Mounsouvr,  138 Pevtrou, Qeovdwroς,  181 (?) Cosrobivou patrikivou, Ἀswvthς,  139 Ὑpaivpwn, ejpivskopoς, Nikhvtaς,  187 Ὑpatᾶς (?), Basivleioς,  170 Ὑpavtioς, (?) ἀpo; ejpavrcwn,  169 spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ἀshkrῆtiς, krith;ς Kappadokivaς,  150 uJpatikovς, Kosmᾶς,  123 uJpavtissa, Eὐfhmiva,  163 ὕpatoς,  92, 138 (?) Ἀntiocivthς, Cristovdouloς,  114 264

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Ἀrnhvς, Micahvl,  45, 54 Ἀtricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 Bebaptismevnoς, Qeovdwroς,  157 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  149 Manikᾶς (?), Micahvl, ὕpatoς,  168 Machtavrioς, Basivleioς,  132 Tricinwpovdhς (?), Basivleioς,  185 Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς,  92 Ἀbakouvm,  182 (?) Ἀbravmioς,  182 Ἀkuvlaς,  165, 170, 189, 194 Ἀnastavsioς,  125 Ἀrtevmioς,  183 Ἀswvthς,  138 Basivleioς,  183 Gewvrgioς,  170, 180, 183, 189 Eὐtucianovς,  114 Zwviloς,  104 Qeovdotoς,  141 (?), 165 Qeovdwroς,  99, 115, 151, 170 Qeovktistoς,  117, 125 Qeofavnhς,  126 Qeovfiloς,  126 Qwmᾶς,  185 Ἰwavnnhς,  114, 141, 145, 162 (?), 167 (?), 184 Komitᾶς,  181 Kwnstanti'noς,  137 (?), 183, 185, 195 Levwn,  123, 126 (?) Makrovbioς,  182 Nikhvtaς,  50 (?), 54 (?), 113 Nikovlaoς,  134 Ὀgkevatoς,  183 Pantolevwn,  121 Sevrgioς (?),  124 Stauravkioς,  127, 162 Stevfanoς,  164 Flῶroς,  181 Fwteinovς,  127, 163, 184 Fwvtioς,  45, 53 Cristovforoς,  171 uJpostravthgoς tῆς Qra/vkhς, Qeovdwroς,  7 Faustinoupovlewς, ejpivskopoς, Danihvl,  72 ejpivskopoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  71-73 ejpivskopoς, Patrovfiloς,  72 Fevrshς, cf. Ἀrsavkhς (?), 138, Ἀrtavkhς (?),  138 Filavgrhς, Ἀndrovnikoς, provedroς,  42 Ἰwavnnhς,  42, 57 265

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Filavretoς, Bracavmioς, prwtokouropalavthς, domevstikoς tῶn scolῶn tῆς Ἀnatolῆς,  186 Bracavmioς, sebastovς, mevgaς domevstikoς,  187 Filavretoς, Ῥwmanovς, prwtonwbelivssimoς,  187 Filippikovς, patrivkioς,  119 Fivlippoς,  178 Filivppwn, ejpivskopoς, Micahvl,  190 Filovqeoς, b. prwtospaqavrioς, geniko;ς logoqevthς,  99 Filokavlhς, Micahvl,  147 Flwrevntioς (?),  131 Flwrenti'noς (?),  131 Flῶroς, ὕpatoς,  181 Fraggovpouloς, Ἐrbevbioς (or Ἐrbevoς),  89, 95-96 mavgistroς, bevsthς, strathlavthς tῆς Ἀnatolῆς,  90-91 provedroς, strathlavthς divkaia uJperevcwn tῆς ἀkefavlhς Ἀnatolῆς,  9294, 176 ὕpatoς, strathgovς or strathlavthς,  92 Fravggoς, Zacarivaς, bestavrchς, strathgovς,  176 Koursevlioς (?), bevsthς,  115 fuvlakoς, ἀneyiovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  187 Fwteinovς, prwtospaqavrioς, ὕpatoς,  163 strathlavthς,  69 ὕpatoς, ἀnagrafeu;ς Qra/khsivwn,  184 ὕpatoς, b. spaqavrioς,  127 Fwvtioς,  137 (?), 174 prwtospaqavrioς,  119 ὕpatoς, kommerkiavrioς Debeltoῦ (?),  45, 53 Cadabalivthς (?), Basivleioς,  191 Cazarivaς, ἄrcwn pavshς, Micahvl,  110 Cai'roς (?),  188 Calkouvtzhς, Basivleioς, b. notavrioς,  54 Cam... (?, family name),  138 Carioupovlewς (?), ejpivskopoς, Micahvl,  159 Carsianoῦ, krithvς, Ἑxamilivthς,  149 (cf. ejpi; toῦ Ἱppodrovmou) cartoulavrioς, Micahvl, cf. Carsianoῦ, cartoulavrioς drovmou, Micahvl,  138, 153 cartoulavrioς drovmou, Micahvl,  138, 153 cartoulavrioς, Ἀbuvdou, Ἰwavnnhς,  118 tῶn Qra/vkhς, cf. cartoulavrioς tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn (?),  141 tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn (?),  141 tῶn Qra/khsiavnwn, Sisivnnioς,  6 Kontostevfanoς Komnhnovς, Ἀlevxioς, (3),  32 Basivleioς,  183 ∆Hlivaς,  185 266

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Kwnstanti'noς,  184 (?) Levwn,  143 Pantolevwn,  179 Stevfanoς,  164 chartularius, Sergius,  183 cartoulavrioς, tῶn ἀgelῶn (?), Gennavdioς,  192 tῶn ἀgelῶn (?), Ἡsaΐaς,  179 cartoulavrioς toῦ genikoῦ logoqesivou, Micahvl,  151 cartoulavrioς despotikovς, Pevtroς,  180 cartoulavrioς toῦ drovmou, Micahvl, cf. cartoulavrioς toῦ drovmou Carsianoῦ, Micahvl,  138, 153 Nikhvtaς,  121 tῆς Duvsewς, Cristovforoς,  121 Carsianoῦ, Micahvl,  138, 153 cartoulavrioς toῦ stavblou (?), ∆Hsaΐaς,  179 cartoulavrioς toῦ stratiwtikoῦ logoqesivou, Ἰwavnnhς,  151, 158 Kwnstanti'noς,  150, 157 Levwn (?),  136 cartoulavrioς (mevgaς), Baruvς, Micahvl,  152 cartoulavrioς (mevgaς) toῦ stratiwtikoῦ, Micahvl,  185 cartofuvlax, Mauropovdhς, Samouhvl,  133 Pantecnhvς, Ἰwavnnhς,  39 Grhgovrioς (?),  157 Cavrwn (?),  140 Cersῶnoς,  107 ἄrcwn,  147 ἄrcwn, Grhgovrioς,  106 ἄrcwn, Kwnstanti'noς,  106 ἔkdikoς, Nikhfovroς,  104 ejk proswvpou, Sevrgioς,  104 ejpivskopoς,  104 ejpivskopoς, Ἰwavnnhς,  106 kommerkiavrioς,  107 kommerkiavrioς, Kwnstanti'noς,  107 kuvriς, Zwviloς,  104 path;r povlewς, Sevrgioς,  104 strathgovς, Ἰwavnnhς,  104, 108 strathgovς Klimavtwn,  147 Cetavmhς, Qeovdwroς, kouropalavthς, dou;x Melithnῆς,  177 Cetavmnioς, Qeovdwroς, cf. Cetavmhς, Qeovdwroς,  177 cilivarcoς, Gabrᾶς, Levwn,  105 Cleuevrhς,  154 Coirosfavkthς, Gewvrgioς, patrivkioς,  40, 56 Cosrovbioς, patrivkioς,  139 (cf. Ἀswvthς) Coῦmnoς, Basivleioς,  136 267

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES AND TERMS

Cristovdouloς, Ἀntiocivthς, prwtospaqavrioς, ejpi; toῦ crusotriklivnou, ὕpatoς,  114 Cristoῦ, cf. doῦloς Cristovforoς,  163 [?, cf. Qeovpistoς (?),  154] Timwnivthς, krith;ς toῦ bhvlou,  157 basileuvς,  158, 160 b. kandidᾶtoς, kommerkiavrioς Debeltoῦ,  152 primikhvrioς, cartoulavrioς toῦ drovmou tῆς Duvsewς,  121 b. spaqarokandidᾶtoς, ejpi; tῶn barbavrwn,  36, 54 ὕpatoς,  171 Crushvlioς, Qeovdwroς, krithvς,  185 Crusokevfaloς,  142 crusotriklivnou (ejpi; toῦ),  49, 54 Ἀntiocivthς, Cristovdouloς,  114 Ἑxamilivthς, Ἰwavnnhς,  148 Ἑxamilivthς, Levwn,  149 Katakalovς, Kwnstanti'noς,  168 Maracᾶς, Micahvl,  166 Machtavrioς, Basivleioς,  132 Nei'loς (?), Ἰwavnnhς,  150 Sponduvlhς, Micahvl,  186 Ἀarwvn,  62 Gewvrgioς,  41 Grhgovrioς,  54 Ἰwavnnhς,  121 (?), 151, 158, 162, 167 Micahvl,  101, 115, 184 Nikhvtaς,  121 Paῦloς,  166 Stevfanoς,  46, 54 Ὦpoς, Kwnstanti'noς,  170

268

INDEX OF ICONOGRAPHY Adam and Eva, cf. Genesis,  177 Anastasis,  175, 177 Annunciation, cf. Genesis,  177 Anthusa, personification of Constantinople,  15 archangel,  109, 145 bird,  144 bishop, holy,  43, 110, 111, 117 camel with a rider,  114 charioteer,  15 chrismon,  21 Christ,  119; bust, 49, 112, 127, 147, 159, 165, 167, 191, (Ἐmmanouhvl) 112; seated on a throne, 112, 143, (Ἐmmanouhvl) 112; standing, 120, (Pantokrator), 161 Christmas (scene of), cf. Genesis,  177 Christogram, (with eagle and snake),  163, 179 church of Hagia Sophia,  159, 188, 190 city gate with church (Cherson),  104 city gate of Tripoli,  156 cross:  104, 121; decorative, 195; “gemmata”, 162; greek, 116; on steps, 102, 103, 132, 159, (potent), 164; patriarchal, 79, 108, 116, 120, 135, 139, (on steps) 99-104, 107, 108, 120, 121, 127, 148, 156, 157, 160, 166, 172, 191, (on steps, nimbate), 184, (on steps, ornamental?), 107 crucifixion,  189 Deesis,  158, 160 eagle,  15, 111, 121, 141, 145, 165, 169, 170, 175, 180, 183, 189, 190, 194 (?); with lion (?), 174; with snake, 158; with snake and Christogram, 163, 179 emperor:  unidentified, 77; Alexios I Komnenos, 112; Anastasios I, 194 (?); Anastasios II, 161; Andronikos II, 120; Andronikos IV crowning John VII, 143; Constans II, 103; Constantine IX, 191; Constantine Doukas, 112; Herakleios, Herakleios Constantine and Heraklonas (?) standing, 103; Isaakios Komnenos, 112; Justin II, 189, 193; Justinian I, 43, 76, 114, 178, 188, 190, 194 (?); Leon III and Constantine V, 8, 9, 169; Leontios, 172; Nikephoros III Botaneiates, 191; Nikephoros Melissenos, 112, 144; Procopius, 163; Theodosios I and Arkadios (?), 191; Tiberios II, 163, 182; Valentian I and Valens (?), 161; empress:  Irene Doukaina, (and not Theodora)  165 Genesis,  177 griffin attacking a dragon,  36 grillos,  15 269

INDEX OF ICONOGRAPHY

human figures: unidentified,  78, 173; bust, 131; Aimery, patriarch of Antioch, 115, 156; St. Alexander, patriarch of Alexandria, cf. St. Nicholas, 175; Andronikos Rogerios (with Theotokos Hodegetria), 160; female head, 178; head of a satyr (?), 178; horseman, 180; knight on horseback, 156; martyr, 110; mounted warrior, 130; Nikephoros Melissenos, caesar, 156, 157; Orio Mastropietro (with St. Mark), 129; Pythagoras, 161; Symeon of Bulgaria, 167; Theophylaktos Exubitos (?), 122 Joseph, cf. Genesis,  177 lion (?) with eagle,  174 monogram (cruciform invocative),  6, 23, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 80, 99, 102-104, 106, 111-118, 121, 123-132, 141, 146, 147, 152, 153, 156, 162, 164, 165, 168171, 173, 174, 180, 181, 183, 188-190, 193, 194, 195 monogram:  unsolved, 116, 123, 129; Aijqerivou (?), 116; Aijmilianou' (?), 115; Aijneivou (?), 78; Ἀkulivnou (?), 131; Ἀlexavndrou, 21, 22; ajmhvn, 140; Anastasius (?), 194; Ἀndrevou, 161 (?), 180; Ἀpelavtou (?), 116; ajpo; ejpavrcwn, 66; Ἀpollwnivou (?), 178; ajpo; uJpavtwn, cf. Ἀpollwnivou (?), 178; Ἀprobivou (?), 191; Baanivou (?), 170; Bai>anou' (?), 170; Bavnou (?), 170; Baporivou (?), 191; Barsanoufivou (?), 115; Basileivw,/ 162; Batavtzhn Douvkan, 147; Bhshvr, 167; bohvqei, 140; Boutzivnou (?), 140; Buzakhnovς (?), 190; Gabra'ς, 105; Gewrgivou, 68; Gewrgivou ejpiskovpou (?), 167; Gewrgivw,/ 73, 170, 189; Gewrgivw/ kovmiti, 180; Grhgorivou ejpiskovpou (?), 167; Dabivdou (?), 116; Damianou' (?), 115; Dhmhtrivou, 147; Dosiqevw/ (?), 190; tou' douvlou sou or tou' sou' douvlou, 140; douvlou th'ς Qeotovkou, 170; ∆Ennodivou (?), 116; eJrmhneutou', 135; Eujmolpivou (?), 115; Eujtucianou' uJpavtou, 114; Qeodosivw/ (?), 190; Qeodovtw/ uJpavtw/ (?), 141; Qeodwvrou, 22, 67, 116 (?), 131, 180; Theodoru (?), 176; Qeotovke bohvqei Qeodwvrou or Qeodwvrw/ or ∆Isidwvrou or Dwroqevou (?), 180; Qeofavnh/, 195; Qeofulavktou, 165; Thracia (?), 176; Qwma'/ monacῷ, 146; ÔIevrwnoς, 181; ∆Iobianou' (?), 170; ∆Ioubianou' (?), 170; Iustinianus (?), 194; ∆Iwavnnh/, 164; ∆Iwavnnou, 114, 116, 118, 122 162; ∆Iwavnnou ajpo; uJpavrcwn (?), 169; ∆Iwavnnou ijlloustrivou (?), 180; Kamathrovς, 160; Kataflwvrou, cf. Kontostefavnou, 147; Komita', 98, 155; Kontostefavnou, 147; Kosma', 123; Kuvrie, 140; Kwn (?), 131; Kwnstantivnou, 115, 147; Kwnstantivnou Tarwnivtou, 80; Kwnstantivnw/, 147; Leontivou, 79; Liutprandus, 113; Macrobii, 145; Marianou' (?), 165; Marivnou, 66, 165 (?); Marouvlhς, 147; Megavlou, 115; Mhtrofavnouς (?), 174; Micahvl, 147; tῷ Monomavcw/, 102; Nikolavou, 131; ∆Olumpivou, 179; Pagkavlw/ (?) drouggarivw,/ 192; patrikivou, 119, 123; patrikivou kai; strathgou', 167; patrikivw,/ 164; Pauvlou, 116 (?), 131; Pauvlw/, 102; Pelagivou (?), 116; Pevtrou, 189; Petri, 189; Plakivdou (?), 123; Probativou (?), 191; rJeferendarivou, 180; ÔRogevrioς, 160; ÔRwmanou', 165 (?, cf. Marianou' (?), 165; Marivnou (?), 165); Pevtrw/ ejpavrcw/, 190; Sergivou, 117 (?), 169; Serwvh/ stravtwri (?), 190; Seuerivou (?), 117; Sisinnivou, 66; Sisinnivw,/ 168; Staurakivou (?), 123; Stefavnw/, 170; strathlavtou 183; Swstratianou' (?), 180; Tzonobivou (?), 140; Tzubivnou (?), 140; Tornikivw,/ 116; Triakontafivllou, cf. Kontostefavnou, 147; ÔUpativou ajpo; uJpavrcwn (?), 169; uJpavtou, 114, 162; Filippikou', 119; Filokavlhς, 147; Flwrentivnou (?), 131; Flwrentivou (?), 131; Fwtinou', 69; Fwtivou, 174; Cristofovrw/, 171 270

INDEX OF ICONOGRAPHY

Nike (Victory),  15, 16, 18-24, 43, 76, 157, 161, 163, 176, 178, 189, 191, 193 Pegasos,  15 snake, with eagle and Christogram,  163, 179 St. (indistinct),  108 (?), 110, 111, 119, 129, 131, 135, 147, (cf. Symeon of Bulgaria,  167) St. (military, indistinct),  109-111, 117, 135, 147 St. Antony II Kauleas,  119 St. Athenogenes,  154, (cf. St. Niketas or Eustathios, 138) St. Basil,  63, 64, 113 (?), 193 St. Blasios,  137 (?) St. Clement, cf. St. Blasios,  137 (?) St. Demetrios,  49 (?), 96, 109 (?), 118, 129, 138 (?), 142, 147, 149-151, 157, 159, 172, 178, 187, 190, 191, (with St. George) 105, (cf. St. Niketas, 141) St. Elias,  133 St. Eustathios (?),  138 St. Eustratios,  131 St. George,  46, 54 (?), 105, 109, 111, 114, 116, 117, 133, 136, 141-146, 157-159, 163, 166, 168, 170, 171-173, 175, 176, 178, 187, 188, 190, 191, 194, (with St. Demetrios) 105, (with St. Nicholas) 105, (with St. Theodore?), 111 St. Gregorios, bishop of Nyssa,  176 St. John the Baptist (Prodromos),  74, 115, 142, 150, 151, 152, 168, 170 St. John Chrysostomos,  131, 134, (cf. St. Nicholas, 190) St. John the Theologian,  53, 166, 171 St. Kyrillos (?),  108 St. Luke,  144 St. Mark, (with Doge Orio Mastropietro),  130 St. Menas,  115, 134 St. Michael,  63, 91, 102, 109, 110, 113, 117, 122, 133, 134, 135, 142, 151, 155, 156, 158, 164, 170, 175, 190 St. Myron (?), cf. St. Niketas or Nikephoros,  138 St. Nicholas,  103, 105, 113-116, 119, 145, 146, 148, 150, 155, 161, 162, 175, 187, 190, 194, (with St. George) 105, (with Theotokos and St. Thomas), 134, (with Theotokos Episkepsis and St. Menas), 134 St. Nikephoros (?),  138 St. Niketas,  114, 138 (?), 141 St. Panteleimon,  53, 148, 150 St. Peter,  89, 92, 95, 115, 156, 169 St. Peter and St. Paul, together,  64, 116, 129, 141, 167, 172, 190 St. Philip,  105 St. Polykarpos,  156 St. Polyeuktos, cf. St. Polykarpos,  156 St. Prokopios,  42, 45, 62, 135, 136, 139 St. Samuel,  133 St. Stephen,  37, 164, 166 St. Thekla, (between two lions),  161 271

INDEX OF ICONOGRAPHY

St. Theodore,  49, 62, 91, 106, 110 (?), 110, 112, 113, (horseman) 116 (?), 117 (?), 121, 122, 144, 145, 148, 150, 153 (?), 155, 160, 171, 173, 175, 177, 186, 188, 191; (Stratelates), 106, 109 (?), 110 (?); (Tiron), 151; (with St. George?), 91, 111, (cf. Thomas, 167) St. Theodosios (?),  153 St. Thomas,  133, 134, 167, (with Theotokos and St. Nicholas),  133 St. Zacharias,  164 stableman,  15 Theotokos,  119, 121, 172, (cf. Symeon of Bulgaria, 167); crowning the emperor Constantine Doukas, 112; with Justinian, 188; with the Child flanked by crosses, 20; seated on a throne, 38, 86, 87, (holding on her knees the Child standing) 105, (holding the medallion before her), 37, 149, 151, 168, (holding the Child in her lap), 148, 149, 172; Blachernitissa, 82; Hagiosoritissa, 136; Hodegetria, 118, (seated on a throne), 102; Nikopoios, (seated on a throne), 151; bust, 108 (?), 110 (?), 114 (?), 116 (?), 179, 191, (holding the Child), 131, (with/holding the medallion), 116, 156, 189, 190, (with a cross on her chest), 117, (between crosses), 115, (between crosses, holding the medallion), 155, 174; (with the Child, between crosses), 116, (with Christ before her), 145, (with a crown), 115; bust, Blachernitissa, 192; bust, Hagiosoritissa, 149; bust, “Minimalorantengestus”, 148, 159, 166, 188; bust, orans, 41, 49, 105, 136, 146, 148; bust, orans with medallion, 35, 40, 44, 113, 116, 129, 131; bust, orans holding the Child, 130; bust, holding the Child before chest, 100; bust, Eirenopoios, 173; bust, Episkepsis, 110 (?), 111, 112, 133, 139, 142, 145, 149, 151, 157, 160, 164, 168, 170, 174, 176, 177, 190, 192; bust, Hodegetria, 121, 159, 175, 192, (with Andronikos Rogerios), 160, 167, 169; bust, Hodegetria-Dexiokratousa, 109, 150; bust, Nikopoios, 104, 109 (?), 132, 144, 148, 150, 157, 195; standing, (holding the Child in l. arm), 117, (between St. Thomas and St. Nicholas), 133; standing Blachernitissa, 159; standing Episkepsis, 81, 175, 177, 178, 188, 191, (between St. Menas and St. Nicholas), 134; standing Hagiosoritissa, 150, 152, 163; standing Hodegetria, 106, 132, 161, (holding Christ in l. arm), 85, 86, 119; standing Hodegetria-Dexiokratousa, 142 trident,  163

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