Quad Bikes: A practical guide 1742567142, 9781742567143

Table of contents :
Cover
Contents
Chapter 1. QUAD BIKES AND THEIR USE
Chapter 2. SAFETY
Chapter 3. PERFORM A PRE-START SAFETY CHECK ON A QUAD BIKE
Chapter 4. RIDE A QUAD BIKE
Chapter 5. RIDING ON SLOPES
Chapter 6. SAND, WATER AND MUD
Chapter 7. TOWING AND LOADING
Chapter 8. TRANSPORTING A QUAD BIKE
Chapter 9. SERVICING THE QUAD BIKE
Chapter 10. WHAT IS A SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE STATEMENT?
Chapter 11. SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE
Chapter 12. CHECK YOUR SKILL
Chapter 12. CHECK YOUR SKILL

Citation preview

A PRACTICAL GUIDE

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© State of New South Wales through Department of Primary Industries, 2017 This publication is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth), no part of the publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatever without such permission. In particular, the user of this publication agrees: • • • •

not to reproduce any major extract or the entire publication without the prior written permission of the Crown in the right of the State of New South Wales; to include this copyright notice in any copy made; to acknowledge the source of any selected passage, table or diagram reproduced; and not to charge for providing the publication to another person.

DISCLAIMER This document has been prepared by the authors for Department of Primary Industries for and on behalf of the State of New South Wales, in good faith on the basis of available information. While the information contained in the document has been formulated with all due care, the users of the document must obtain their own advice and conduct their own investigations and assessments of any proposals they are considering, in the light of their own individual circumstances. The document is made available on the understanding that the State of New South Wales, the author and the publisher, their respective servants and agents accept no responsibility for any person, acting on, or relying on, or upon any opinion, advice, representation, statement or information whether expressed or implied in the document, and disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information contained in the document or by reason of any error, omission, defect or mis-statement (whether such error, omission, defect or mis-statement, is caused by or arises from negligence, lack of care or otherwise). While the information is considered true and correct at the date of publication, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact on the accuracy of the information. The information may change without notice and the State of New South Wales, the author and the publisher and their respective servants and agents are not in any way liable for the accuracy of any information contained in this document. Recognising that some of the information is provided by third parties, the State of New South Wales, the author and the publisher take no responsibility for the accuracy, currency, reliability and correctness of any information included in the document provided by third parties.

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This publication was produced by Education Delivery, Tocal College, and is a revision of an earlier publication.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Tocal College gratefully acknowledges the advice, interest and support for this publication given by Professor Raphael Grzebieta and Adjunct Associate Professor George Rechnitzer et al from the Transport and Road Safety (TARS) University of New South Wales and WorkCover New South Wales. It aligns with the following competency from AHC, The National Agriculture, Horticulture and Conservation and Land Management Training Package: AHCMOM212 Operate quad bikes Written by:

Jennifer Laffan, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tocal College, Paterson

Technical editor:

Brian McKinnon, Farm Mechanisation Lecturer, Tocal College, Yanco Campus

Technical contributions:

Matt Brett, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tocal College, Paterson Ian Nunan, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tocal College, Paterson

Proofreader:

Thelma Bogan

Graphic design:

Dean Morris

Photographs:

Jennifer Laffan unless otherwise acknowledged

Illustrations:

Jessica Green

Printing:

WHO Printing

All enquiries:

Education Delivery Tocal College PATERSON NSW 2421 AUSTRALIA Phone (02) 49 398888 or 1800 025 520 Email: Website:

[email protected] www.tocal.nsw.edu.au

ISBN for this book: 978-1-76058-230-2 (2018) ISBN print edition: 978-1-74256-714-3 (2015)

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CONTENTS GENERAL QUAD BIKE INFORMATION CH 1

QUAD BIKES AND THEIR USE ................................................................................................................................................ 1

CH 2

SAFETY ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

iv

QUAD BIKES AND THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................................................................1 CAN YOU USE A MORE SUITABLE MACHINE FOR THE JOB? ........................................................................................................................................3 QUAD BIKES AND SPRAY TANKS ..................................................................................................................................................................................5 CLEAN YOUR QUAD BIKE..............................................................................................................................................................................................6

IMPORTANCE..............................................................................................................................................................................................................11 RISK CONTROL MEASURES ........................................................................................................................................................................................12 SAFETY RULES ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................12 SAFETY OF YOUNG PEOPLE .......................................................................................................................................................................................12 SAFETY OF OLDER OPERATORS..................................................................................................................................................................................13 ROLLOVER DANGER....................................................................................................................................................................................................13

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SKILLS FOR USING QUAD BIKES CH 3

PERFORM A PRE-START SAFETY CHECK ON A QUAD BIKE............................................................................... 15

CH 4

RIDE A QUAD BIKE .................................................................................................................................................................... 21

CH 5

RIDING ON SLOPES................................................................................................................................................................... 31

CH 6

SAND, WATER AND MUD....................................................................................................................................................... 37

CH 7

TOWING AND LOADING ......................................................................................................................................................... 41

CH 8

TRANSPORTING A QUAD BIKE .......................................................................................................................................... 47

CH 9

SERVICING THE QUAD BIKE ................................................................................................................................................ 57

CH 10

WHAT IS A SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE STATEMENT? .................................................................................. 63

CH 11

SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................................... 65

CH 12

CHECK YOUR SKILL ................................................................................................................................................................... 69

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Figure 1: Quad bikes are excellent tools if used safely and correctly. Insets: Recommended Operator Protection Devices. Top: Lifeguard. Bottom: Quadbar. vi

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Chapter 1

QUAD BIKES AND THEIR USE QUAD BIKES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

When compared to other vehicles, quad bikes have minimal impact on the environment. This advantage is due to their low weight and high flotation tyres. However, you still need to exercise care by: • keeping to areas and tracks where impact will be minimal • cleaning your bike of weeds and seeds before moving to a new area • seeking permission before operating the bike on other people’s private land. Do not disturb livestock or watering points; leave gates as found.

TREAD LIGHTLY What is a quad bike?

Quad bikes were once incorrectly termed all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). These vehicles are not suitable for all terrains and the term now used in Australia is quad bike. The American National Standards Institute-Specialty Vehicle Institute of America (ANSI-SVIA)-1-2007 Standard refers to these vehicles by the earlier name but the description still applies: “any motorised vehicle designed to travel on four low pressure tyres with a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering. Intended use is for a single operator and no passenger.”This definition applies to the category Type 1 vehicle, which is commonly used on farms in Australia.

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Operator protection devices

All photographs in this publication show quad bikes fitted with operator protection devices. While operator protection devices are not a legal requirement at the time of going to press, it is an internal policy of the NSW Department of Primary Industries (DPI) for operator protection devices to be fitted to quad bikes used in the DPI workplace and for training purposes. The NSW DPI does not promote any particular brand of operator protection device. In the circumstances where quad bikes have been assessed as acceptable in the workplace, new quad bike purchases should be fitted with OPDs before sale, noting they are likely to offer a net safety benefit in slow speed crashes typical of most farm use. Use a side-by-side vehicle instead of a quad bike wherever you can. Be sure that the side-by-side has seat belts. Where existing quad bikes are still acceptable or cannot be replaced, then OPDs can be retrofitted to existing on-farm quad bikes.

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NOTE: OPDs are likely to offer a net safety benefit in slow speed crashes typical of most farm use but they DO NOT prevent a crash or rollover. In each of the photos below, the fitted OPD would allow the operator to get out from under the quad bike.

Photos courtesy of Transport and Road Safety Unit, University of New South Wales

Lateral roll, no OPD.

Forward roll, no OPD.

Lateral roll, Lifeguard OPD.

Forward roll, Quadbar OPD.

Lateral roll, Quadbar OPD.

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CAN YOU USE A MORE SUITABLE MACHINE FOR THE JOB? Quad bikes are not suitable for all terrains and they are not suitable for all tasks, but they are popular runabouts on farms for jobs such as carrying small loads and towing, and because they are so manoeuvrable they can be used in small spaces and tight corners. Their excellent flotation makes quad bikes better than other vehicles in conditions of sand and mud. But quad bikes can be dangerous in the hands of inexperienced or complacent operators. They are also dangerous if manufacturer’s specifications are exceeded or attention is not given to warnings. Not all quad bikes are the same and not all operators are the same size; some machines are more suited to certain tasks or riders than others.

Figure 2: The quad bike is used in a bike shift irrigation system. Below Figure 2a: Side-by-side vehicles are better suited than a quad bike for carrying a passenger or towing or carrying heavy equipment. They are safer than quad bikes.

Operations that involve livestock need a very manoeuvrable machine that can carry small loads and be safe and comfortable in rough terrain. In some situations quad bikes are not at all suitable. For example, if you need to muster stock in hilly conditions, use a two-wheeled motor bike or a horse. Never use a quad bike for carrying a passenger (unless the bike has an approved second seat). Side-by-side vehicles are better suited to carrying passengers or for towing or carrying heavier equipment. These are small vehicles designed for off-road use and have tyres similar to quad bike tyres. They often have a bench-type seat, seat belts, steering wheel and rollover protection structure (ROPS) and are designed to transport more than one person. They are also equipped with four or more low pressure flotation tyres and generally have a tray-back designed for carrying small loads. Figure 3: Choose the best vehicle for the job.

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Figure 4: Quad bike used to muster stock on suitable terrain.

Figure 5: Motor bikes used to muster stock in hilly or rocky conditions. 4

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QUAD BIKES AND SPRAY TANKS

Operations that involve spraying require a machine designed for heavy loads (check the safe working load of the racks) and still be relatively manoeuvrable. Remember to include the weight of the additional equipment, the operator and the operator protection device (OPD). Be sure not to exceed the manufacturer’s guidelines. You can use quad bikes for towing loads such as quad bike trailers or boom sprays (but check the load towing capacity in your operator’s manual). If you need to tow a load too large for a quad bike, use a ute or a tractor. If you spray chemical using a quad bike, read the chemical label carefully to find out what protective clothing you must wear during the application.

If you need gumboots and a cotton hat, consider spot spraying on foot or from inside the enclosed cabin of a ute rather than from the quad bike. Gumboots with steel caps can be used on quad bikes. But if you need a cotton hat you need to put the helmet over it if you use the quad bike. If the helmet is a problem, consider using another vehicle for spraying. For example, it is hard to decontaminate the helmet lining if chemical vapours are absorbed into it. If you use the quad bike, decontaminate it after use by hosing down in the manner recommended by the manufacturer. Be aware that fatal accidents occur on both flat and steep terrain.

Figure 6: C-Dax spray tank (yellow). You can see the extensions (legs) of the tank on each side of the bike placed to keep a low centre of gravity. Also the distance between the legs allows the operator to be more rider active and help prevent tipping.

Photo: B McKinnon

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CLEAN YOUR QUAD BIKE

Weed seeds, other plant material and soil can cling to the quad bike and spread weeds or pathogens. Some parts of the farm might be so heavily infested with weeds that you declare them no go areas and keep out all vehicles (including quad bikes). Clean your bike and clear it of weeds and soil after each use and after each time you are in a new area. Follow wash down procedures appropriate for your enterprise and location. For more detailed information see AgGuide Machinery Hygiene (2013) published by NSW Department of Primary Industries and available from Tocal College and the website of Animal Health and Plant Health Australia, www.farmbiosecurity.com.au/toolkit/

Figure 7: The seed of Parramatta Grass is sticky and easily clings to mud and machinery. 6

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Photos: Lowan Turton

Figures 9: Weevil adult (inset) and typical larva. Numerous species of weevil are pests to crops. The eggs are often laid in the soil and the larva bore into stems, roots or seeds. They can be transported to new areas in soil and vegetation through vehicle movements.

Photo: Steven Honeywood

Figure 10: Grass seeds can contaminate and downgrade fleece. 8

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Photo: Lowan Turton

Figure 11: Red legged mites are a major pest in field crops and pastures.

Photo: Robert Trounce

Figure 12: Serrated tussock—start in the clean area and finish in the infested area.

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Figure 13: Do the chinstrap up before you start, check instruments and sit comfortable in the centre of the seat.

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Chapter 2

SAFETY IMPORTANCE

There have been 118 deaths* related to quad bikes used on farms since 2011. Rollover and being pinned by the quad bike were key factors in these fatalities. Almost half of these fatalities were caused by asphyxia or related condition. More than half of these figures were in older operators (78 per cent were 50 or older). In addition to these figures, many more have had serious injuries. *Reference: Safework NSW, incident data report, Quad Bike Safety Industry Action Group 2017. NOTE: The University of New South Wales research team has recommended the development of a suitable Personal Locator Beacon (PLB), which ideally would activate automatically should a quad bike roll over.

Unlike horses, quad bikes have no innate sense of balance, they cannot compensate for poor skills or experience, they won’t come when called and will never be able to take a severely injured operator home or raise the alarm. WorkSafe Victoria quotes studies that show: • operators of all ages are at risk of death • most who have died were quad bike operators but passengers and bystanders are also at risk • quad bikes can roll over and cause serious injury or death to operators • incorrect loading can cause rollover • terrain, slope and surface all play key roles in deaths related to quad bikes • most injuries and deaths involve the head and cervical spine. Chest crush, asphyxiation, blunt trauma and fractures are the main causes. The information in this publication is not a substitute for the operator’s manual for your specific quad bike. It should be read in conjunction with the manual because quad bikes can be dangerous when used outside the manufacturer’s guidelines.

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RISK CONTROL MEASURES

All risk control measures are important: • use the most suitable vehicle for the job and where possible, substitute the quad bike with a safer vehicle • be physically able and undertake rider-active training • use an engineering control: operator protection device.

SAFETY RULES

All of the following are essential: • train to be competent: do a quad bike users course • wear a helmet that is comfortable, fits properly and has a chinstrap. When you shake your head with the chinstrap undone, the helmet should stay in place • be aware that a quad bike is a rider-active vehicle. Train to become rider-active Note: An Australian Standard for helmets for users of farm vehicles must comply with AS 1698-2006 Protective Helmets for Vehicle Users.

• •

wear sturdy boots that have good soles and ankle protection and good uppers for gear changes check the terrain and be prepared. Be aware that quad bikes can be physically demanding. A reasonable level of fitness is recommended. If in doubt, get a medical check before you ride a quad bike

• • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

do not mix quad bikes with alcohol or drugs be particularly careful on difficult terrain be aware of ground level changes or obstacles hidden under long grass such as stumps and animal burrows be aware of fences: some can be hard to see be aware of obstacles overhead avoid excessive speed be aware that bright sunlight can affect your vision never ride on paved surfaces or public roads never engage in stunt driving ride smart, ride safe, use the right style to ride get a thorough knowledge of your machine maintain the machine: steering, suspension, stability and traction. Make sure it remains comfortable. In addition, carry out general engine, battery and brake maintenance wear suitable clothing and sunscreen to protect you from the sun consider wearing gloves that are close fitting, grip when wet and offer protection over the knuckles, especially in cold conditions or to protect you from the sun wear hearing protection if the noise level exceeds the 85 decibels hearing damage threshold never modify a quad bike through improper installation or use of accessories.

SAFETY OF YOUNG PEOPLE NOTE: The law in your state could change and it may no longer be legal for young people to ride quad bikes. Check with your local authority. The following remarks apply only where it is lawfully allowable for a young person to ride a quad bike but many agencies including the Royal Australian College of Surgeons recommend that children do not use quad bikes of any size. This is because of the size and instability of quad bikes (including 70 cc and 90 cc models)

•

•

if you allow a young person to ride a quad bike, the child should be at least six years old and the use should be restricted to a quad bike engine of size of less than 70 cc and always under adult supervision a young person older than 12 years may be allowed to use a quad bike with an engine capacity 70 cc to 90 cc, if under adult supervision

Figure 14: Good uppers are essential for gear changes. 12

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• •

quad bikes of engine size 90 cc or greater are recommended for use only by those aged 16 years and older it is recommended that all quad bike operators take a riding course.

SAFETY OF OLDER OPERATORS

ROLLOVER DANGER

A collision or rollover can occur quickly, even during routine operations such as turning, riding on hills or over obstacles; severe injury or death can result. The dangerous consequence of rollover is due to the weight of the bike falling on or crushing the operator: more than 300 kg, one-third of a tonne, the approximate weight of a light riding horse.

Almost one-third of work-related fatalities on Australian farms involved workers aged 65 years and over. This is nearly three times the proportion the age group represents of all worker fatalities in Australian workplaces.

Rollovers can be: • backwards rollover • frontwards rollover • side-ways rollover.

Older operators are at risk and need to be particularly aware of: • complacency • lack of training for riding these vehicles • reflex and reaction time • rider-active limitations, such as being overweight, arthritic conditions or having poor eyesight. Overweight operators can be limited in their ability to quickly shift in the operator’s seat when required.

The risk of rollover is further increased if the quad bike is: • traversing slopes • travelling at high speed • towing an implement • carrying a heavy load (like chemicals for spraying) • fitted with tyres that are under inflated or unevenly inflated • loading and unloading onto transport vehicle.

Figure 15: It is easy to cause a rollover, especially on hilly terrain. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 13

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Figure 16: Dry stalks from crops can puncture your tyres.

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Chapter 3

PERFORM A PRE-START SAFETY CHECK ON A QUAD BIKE IMPORTANT

A pre-start safety check is important to help you find problems that may have occurred during the previous operating period. In this section we outline a general approach to the pre-start safety check. Read the operator’s manual for servicing procedures that are relevant to your quad bike. Be sure to check the tyres: tyres puncture very easily: the rubber between the knobs is quite thin and can be damaged by materials like old lucerne stalks. You can coat tubeless tyres (as in quad bikes) with a puncture proof fluid. For more detail see Servicing the quad bike on page 57.

AIM

To carry out necessary pre-start safety checks.

WHAT YOU NEED • •

quad bike operator’s manual

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WHAT TO DO

Use check list T-CLOC to remember what to do:

T-CLOC Item

What to Check T-TYRES and WHEELS Tyres Condition Air pressure Wheels

C-CONTROLS Levers

Cables

Wheel nuts Rims Bearings Condition Pivots Location Condition Routing

Hoses

Condition Routing

Throttle Brakes

Condition Operation

16

T Tyres and wheels C Controls L Lights O Oil C Chassis

What to look for

Check-Off √

Tread depth, wear, weathering, evenly seated, bulges, imbedded objects. Check when cold, use a low pressure tyre gauge and check owner’s manual for pressures. Broken, missing, tension. Dents, cracks, spin true. Check for no free play. Grab top and bottom of tyre and flex.

Front

Rear

Front

Rear

Front Front Front

Rear Rear Rear

Broken, bent, cracked, loose. Lubricated. Check for the correct position and location of all levers. Fraying, kinks, lubrication: ends and length. No interference or pulling at steering head, suspension, no sharp angles, wire looms in place. Cuts, cracks, leaks, bulges, chafing, deterioration. No interference or pulling at steering head, suspension, no sharp angles, wire looms in place. Moves freely, snaps closed, no revving. Foot brakes and hand operated also check that parking brake works correctly.

Front

Rear

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L-LIGHTS Battery

Condition

Lenses

Condition

Headlamp

Condition Aim

O-OIL Levels

Engine oil Gear Fuel

Leaks

Terminals: clean and tight, electrolyte level. Held down securely, fully charged. Cracked, broken, securely mounted, no excessive condensation. Cracks , reflector, mounting, and adjustment system. Height and right/left. Check warm with bike on level ground, dipstick, sight glass. Transmission level. Levels, at least ½ tank for training, premium unleaded, check fuel tap is turned on. Gaskets, housing, seals. Lines, fuel tap, carburettor. Check, for damaged to radiator, fluid levels. Check for cleanliness and oiled well. Engine cooling fins are clean from mud to enable bike to cool.

Engine oil Fuel Cooling system Radiator Air filter Cooling fins C-CHASSIS Frame Condition Cracks at gussets, accessory mounts, look for paint lifting. Steering No tight spot through travel. head bearing Plastics Plastics and Should be tight and not have bolts missing. guards

WORKING SAFELY

Observe the general safety precautions.

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Figure 17: Wipe the dip-stick clean with a lint free cloth.

Figure 18: Check that oil is level within the recommended range.

Figure 19: Some quad bikes have a sight glass instead of a dip-stick.

Figure 20: Check that the fuel tank is full.

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Figure 21: Use a low pressure gauge to check tyre pressure.

Figure 22: Use the pressure recommended in the operator’s manual. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 19

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Figure 23: Mount on the left-hand side, away from the foot brakes.

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Chapter 4

RIDE A QUAD BIKE IMPORTANT

The operator’s manual is your guide to all instruments and controls and the safe use of the quad bike. When you turn the quad bike you need to be rider active: shift your body around using the rider active technique and use your weight. You need to lean into the turn; make the turn as wide as possible and ease off the power. The sharper the turn, the quicker you need to act and the further you need to lean. Shift your body weight across the seat and into the corner for sharp turns. WARNING: QUAD BIKES ARE DESIGNED FOR ACTIVE RIDING - IF YOU HAVE NOT BEEN TRAINED IN ACTIVE RIDING, DO NOT HAVE THE PHYSICAL CAPACITY OR CAN NOT APPLY ACTIVE RIDING WHEN YOU ARE RIDING, THEN DO NOT USE THIS VEHICLE. IT IS UNSAFE FOR YOU. Try to avoid emergencies: for example, slow down as you approach the crest of a hill and never ride past the limit of your visibility. Remember OAR O Observe well ahead A Anticipate what might happen R Respond appropriately. Obstacles cause significant risk of rollover. In this section we focus on the dangers of small obstacles and how to deal with them. But never attempt large obstacles such as large rocks or fallen trees. Never operate a quad bike in fast flowing water or in water deeper than what is recommended in the operator’s manual. Remember wet brakes won’t work as well as dry brakes; test your brakes after leaving the water and if necessary, apply them several times so that friction dries out the linings.

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Machine identification

The machine you have purchased may differ slightly from what is shown here. Your machine may be an automatic or may have additional controls. For example: high-low range control; 4WD engagement control; an interlocking braking system where one lever controls both forward and rear brakes. 1 2

3

4

1. Rear brake lever 2. Parking brake 3. Main switch 4. Front brake lever 5. Handlebar starter switch 6. Choke 7. Throttle lever 5

6

8 9

10

7 11

12

8. Front wheel 9. Headlights 10. Fuel tap 11. Recoil starter 12. Rear wheel 13. Drive select lever 14. Gear shift pedal 13 14 15 16

18

17

20

22

19

15. Tail-light 16. Rear carrier 17. Seat 18. Fuel tank cap 19. Front carrier 20. Brake pedal

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AIM

To safely ride a quad bike.

WHAT YOU NEED • • •

quad bike quad bike operator’s manual paddock.

WHAT TO DO

Before starting: • • • • • • • • • •

carry out daily checks and maintenance tasks check all around for obstacles and people before mounting the quad bike mount on the left-hand side so that you have a clear view of the shift or gear lever put the parking brake on turn the fuel tap to the on position put the kill switch in start position turn the ignition switch to on make sure the transmission is in neutral or park. If necessary, release the park brake, rock the vehicle and put the brake on again put your helmet on and do up the chinstrap sit comfortably in the centre: too far back causes a seesaw effect and too far forward causes cramped riding.

Figure 24: Apply the park brake. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 23

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Figure 25: Make sure the fuel tap is on.

Figure 26: Put the kill switch in the start position. 24

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Figure 27: Turn the ignition switch to on.

Figure 28: Look ahead and sit correctly in the centre. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 25

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Figure 29: Press the electric start button when you are ready to move.

Figure 30: Thumb throttle to start moving. 26

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Starting • • • • • • •

keep your head and eyes up and look straight ahead keep your back straight keep your shoulders relaxed keep your elbows out and above the handle bars keep both hands on the handle bars keep your feet on the foot rest with toes pointing straight ahead if the engine is cold, pull the choke out and then depress the start button, when it starts up reduce the choke to normal.

Moving off • • • •

have the engine running at idle apply the rear brake and release the park brake use your toe to tap the gear shift lever up into first gear, idle speed throttle up to move off.

Note: Always start off in 1st gear. Never start in a higher gear because it overloads the centrifugal clutch. If your quad is an auto, move your shift lever into forward and select the most appropriate range (high-low) if applicable.

Gearing up • • • • • •

use momentum when you tap up to the next gear add momentum momentarily throttle off tap up to the next gear throttle on again repeat these steps each time you gear up.

Gearing down • • • • •

no need for momentum when you tap down to the lower gear momentarily throttle off tap down to the next gear throttle on again repeat these steps each time you gear down.

Turns • • • • • • • •

lean into the turn and move your body weight into the turn look in the direction of the turn as you turn the handlebars the higher the speed, the further you need to lean into the turn brake before you turn and not when cornering if you have to brake in a turn, first straighten the front wheels drive at a safe speed at all times; going too fast causes many accidents never stand into a turn; the centre of gravity is too high and the machine can tip and roll for sharp turns, you need to move your body, not just your upper torso, across the seat to get adequate weight transfer.

Braking • • • •

throttle off and use the front brakes and rear brakes evenly and progressively keep your head and eyes up if conditions are wet, apply brakes lightly and look for the surface that gives best traction if you have 4WD engaged, be aware that applying any brake will cause four wheel braking.

In an emergency • • • • • •

keep your feet on the footrests if you are turning, use your body weight to maintain balance look in the direction of the turn apply the brakes when the quad bike is travelling in a straight line, not when it is turning use the recommended braking procedure as described above if you accidently lock up the wheels, ease off the brakes a little, and then apply both brakes evenly and progressively.

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Photo: E Elliott

Figure 31: Move your whole body for sharp turns.

Figure 32: Applying the rear brake.

Figure 33: Applying the front brake. 28

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Obstacles • • • • • • •

act fast keep your feet on the footrest stand slightly on the footrests give a short burst of the throttle as you shift your weight look well ahead if you feel any sign of tipping: drop the speed, straighten the handlebars, lean more into the slope avoid obstacles if you can: turn around, take a different path, be patient.

Small obstacles • •

• •

use 4WD if you have it approach the obstacle as square on or as close to 900 as possible keep your elbows and knees flexed, so that arms and legs can act as shock absorbers adjust your approach without losing momentum

• •

if only one wheel crosses the obstacle, let the momentum of the machine carry you forward; stay off the throttle and don’t pull up on the handlebars if all wheels are crossing, apply a little throttle on contact, lean forward as you cross and reduce the throttle after the crossing.

WORKING SAFELY

In addition to the safety rules on page 12: • carry plenty of water to drink if you are out for an hour or more • check the bash plates for burrs, seeds and soil and if necessary, clean away whatever could carry weeds from one site to another • take mobile phone or equivalent radio contact • inform a responsible person about the location of your working area.

Figure 34: If only one wheel crosses the obstacle stay off the throttle and don’t pull up on the handlebars. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 29

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Figure 35: Careful riding for safe use of quad bikes on slopes. Note the position of the rider as he rides down the slope.

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Chapter 5

RIDING ON SLOPES IMPORTANT

This is a dangerous activity. The steeper the slope the more potential there is for the quad bike to flip or rollover. If a slope looks too steep, it probably is. If you have any doubts about ability to safely ride a slope, don’t try. Never climb hills with excessively slippery or loose surfaces. If the hill is too steep, don’t keep trying to climb it and don’t try to beat it because it will most likely result in your having a serious accident. We have included a section on riding across slopes but this is a tricky manoeuvre. Don’t try riding across a slope with a slippery, rough or loose surface. It is recommended that you and others on the farm who use quad bikes assess the terrain and access roads and then select the best vehicle for working in those areas. Impose speed limits for quad bikes on access roads and paddocks taking into consideration the vehicle’s tilt table ratio or static stability (TTR) and dynamic handling characteristics. TTR should be available from the manufacturer. Identify any areas that are no-go for quad bikes and inform all users.

AIM

To safely ride up, down or across slopes.

WHAT YOU NEED • •

quad bike hilly paddock.

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Figure 36: Riding down. Keep speed down and shift your weight to the rear.

Figure 37: Riding up. Lean forward or stand up and lean over the front wheels. 32

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WHAT TO DO

Riding down slopes • • •

• • •

if you have 4WD, use it look straight ahead keep speed down, change to a low gear, allow the engine compression to assist the brakes feather the brakes (apply gradually and steadily) shift your weight to the rear be careful not to over-apply the front brake: front rollover is a high risk.

Riding up slopes • •

select a low gear or low range before you start select the correct gear before attempting the slope

Note: For very steep slopes, you need to be in the right gear before attempting the climb. Note: Accidentally shifting into neutral can be dangerous because you can lose control.

• • • •

•

speed up as you start to climb and maintain momentum keep your feet firmly on the footrests move well up on the seat and move forward OR stand and lean over the front wheels if necessary, as you climb you may need to drop back a gear to prevent stalling (unless you have an automatic quad bike). When you shift gears, do it quickly and back off the throttle for a moment if you can’t see over the crest, slow down and stand up to improve your range of vision.

Figure 38: You can choose to reverse up. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 33

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Problem: If you realise you can’t make the climb in one go or you are running out of power or likely to stall, and you are still pointing uphill, act quickly: • keep your weight uphill • use the front brake to stop • when stopped, apply the rear brake and then the parking brake • if you start to roll back do not over-apply the rear brake. There is a high risk of rollover • climb off on the uphill side if the machine is on an angle, and either side if it is positioned straight up hill. To get the bike back down the hill requires a safe procedure such as keeping your weight forward and releasing and applying your brakes in an on-off pattern to gently ease the bike down the slope. *Don’t over-apply the rear brake. Or alternatively, secure the bike with the park brake, dismount and move to the front of the bike; hold the handle bar and engage the handle bar brake, disengage the park brake, walk the quad bike back down the hill as you steer and brake from the handle bar. This is often the safer option because if you ride down backwards your weight might shift to the back or you may start to go back on an angle and result in sideways or rearwards rollover.

Hill starts

Note: there is high risk of backwards rollover if hill starts are performed incorrectly.

• • • •

WORKING SAFELY •

• • •

*Risk of backward rollover

Riding across slopes • • • • •

34

avoid side slopes where possible. There is high risk of rollover keep your body weight well over to the uphill side if the ground is soft, you might need to keep the quad bike tracking on a straight line by gently turning the wheels uphill keep both feet firmly on the footrest if the machine starts to tip, get even more weight to the uphill position and turn the wheels downhill, if possible. If you can’t do this, dismount on the uphill side immediately.

see extra safety precautions in *working safely below when moving off from a hill start, apply both brakes, have your weight well forward gradually release the front brake and throttle slightly until you feel the drive train take up (slight reaction). Do not over-throttle release rear brake and move off.

•

if the quad bike stalls and starts slipping backwards, don’t apply the rear brakes alone, you could easily flip backwards. To avoid stalling, use the proper gear and maintain a steady speed as you climb the hill if the machine stops and all the brakes are on and it slips backwards, get off quickly don’t try to ride down backwards if the slope is very steep you can gently ease yourself backwards down the slope if the slope is not too great, by moving your weight forward and gently applying both brakes on descent. See the point in the previous column about the safer option of walking the bike backwards down a slope be aware when braking on slopes going uphill that front brakes are less effective because the weight is transferred to the rear. When riding downhill, rear brakes are less effective because weight is transferred to the front

*hill starts should be attempted only on moderate slopes. Slopes with a gradient of 1:4 or less, that is 150 or less slope *poor throttle control on hill slopes could result in a back flip of the quad bike.

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Figure 39: Shift your weight to the uphill side of the slope.

Figure 40: Dismount on the uphill side.

Figure 41: Don’t be on the wrong side of a machine that tips. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 35

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Figure 42: Assess conditions before you cross.

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Chapter 6

SAND, WATER AND MUD IMPORTANT

Quad bikes have major advantages over other types of vehicles in sand and mud. However, dry river beds, creek crossings, muddy conditions and sandy patches all need specific skills, care and attention. Momentum is the key to handling soft sand but gear changes in soft sand often cause lack of momentum and digging in. If you attempt to cross a water hole or a creek, find out: • how deep it is • how fast the water is travelling • if there are any holes in the bottom • if the bottom is soft or hard, mud or sand • if there are hidden rocks or boulders. Use an established crossing, if possible. Assess the other bank: is it muddy, steep or slippery? Plan where you will climb the other bank before you attempt the crossing. If you are bogged in sand or mud you may be able to engage a low gear and drive out, otherwise reverse out, if you can. Be aware if you rev up and spin the wheels you are most likely to dig in further.

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Figure 43: Quad bikes can be used in muddy conditions. 38

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AIM

To ride a quad bike in conditions with sand, water and mud.

WHAT YOU NEED • •

quad bike paddock conditions with sand, water and mud.

WHAT TO DO Sand • •

engage 4WD if you have it maintain momentum.

Water and mud • • •

shift your body weight to maintain balance and traction to get out of a hole, you may need to shift from side to side to rock the quad bike dry out the brakes by applying them gently a few times.

WORKING SAFELY

In addition to the general safety precautions: • be aware that sand dunes shift and change their shape and size. They can change daily • be aware that sand dunes can have a slope up one side and a sheer drop on the other side • remember that wet brakes don’t work well.

Photo: E Elliott

Figure 44: Keep your speed low. Compare water splash with photo at left. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 39

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Figure 45: Secure the load.

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Chapter 7

TOWING AND LOADING IMPORTANCE

Towing and carrying loads are probably the most frequent tasks for your quad bike but loads and trailed implements are major risks for quad bikes. The lack of stability of the quad bike is a major concern. Consider using a vehicle more fit for the purpose such as a ute or a tractor. With a quad bike you can tow more than you can carry but towing a trailer on a slope is especially dangerous because the trailer can push the vehicle over or down the slope. Be aware that carrying relatively small loads cause the quad bike to become more unstable. Always monitor the load by referring to the load capacity of the vehicle and the racks; be especially careful with spray tanks. Remember to include the equipment and the liquid in the total load. Note: 1L of water = 1kg Select tanks with baffles to minimise sloshing. An operator must make extra body movements if the quad bike has a load. Avoid using spray tanks that don’t allow enough body movement for the conditions and choose machines with racks that suit you. See figure 6 on page 5. In this section we outline what to do so that the stability, handling and operation of the procedures give you the results you expect.

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Figure 46: Check that the carry racks are in good condition.

Figure 47: Check the weight of your load. 42

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AIM

WHAT TO DO Loading

To use a quad bike to tow or carry a load

WHAT YOU NEED • • •

• •

quad bike with carry racks load within weight limits for carrying or towing 15kg tongue ball weight (ideal for towing).

• • • • • • •

check that the carry racks are in good condition pack the load so that it is as low as possible and centralised and balanced make sure that the load doesn’t interfere with visibility or controls or your shifting position make sure there are no sharp objects near the operator secure the load check the operator’s manual for the weight you can carry and remember to include the weights of both spray and contents when you carry them use 4WD if you have it use low gear or low range avoid difficult terrain.

Figure 48: Avoid difficult terrain. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 43

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Figure 49: Use the tow point.

Figure 50: Watch the trailer as you reverse. 44

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Towing • • • • • • •

connect to the towing point of the quad bike keep weight to the recommendations in the operator’s manual keep weight low use 4WD if you have it use low gear or low range avoid hills and rough terrain use similar tyres on the trailer and the quad bike for muddy conditions.

WORKING SAFELY

In addition to the general safety precautions: • keep the load within maximum overall weight limit (include operator and load). See the operator’s manual for weight limit • be aware that the more weight you carry, the slower you should travel • allow greater distance for braking when towing or carrying a load • avoid sharp turns unless you are travelling very slowly • try and work up and down a slope, rather than across slope. If you need to spray hilly country, find an easy path up and spray on the way down • if you have 4WD it may be safer to reverse up the slope but if you have 2WD the weight will transfer from back to front and may cause loss of traction. If you lose traction, abandon this procedure.

Photo: E Elliott

Figure 51: Learn how the trailer behaves on simple terrain before you try hills. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 45

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Figure 52: Before loading, check that the trailer is stable and level.

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Chapter 8

TRANSPORTING A QUAD BIKE IMPORTANCE

Depending on the distance and the terrain, you may need to transport your quad bike from one site to another. If you are spraying, don’t load up the tank for transport. Take the spray unit to the site and fill the tank there. You can load the quad bike onto the transport vehicle using portable ramps or a fixed ramp. Portable ramps must be fixed to the floor of the trailer or transport vehicle. You can drive up or reverse up onto the transport vehicle. Reversing up removes the danger of backwards rollover which is easily caused by too much throttle or braking on rollback. But if you feel uncomfortable backing up, drive up with care, with your weight well forward on the seat and keep good control of the throttle and brake. If you reverse up the ramp into the transport vehicle, remember that the quad bike has direct steering: Left hand down to go left Right hand down to go right Consult the operator’s manual for the maximum safe angle of the ramp for loading. You may need to use longer ramps, depending on the height of the tray of the transport vehicle. Wherever possible, use a loading bank rather than loading ramp. (Note: box type trailers are generally safer than other options and should be used wherever possible.) Remember to use the Australian Standards approved helmet when loading and unloading.

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AIM

WHAT TO DO

To transport a quad bike.

• •

WHAT YOU NEED • •

• •

quad bike transport vehicle for the quad bike. Select a transport vehicle with a low deck height such as a box trailer. If you use a higher vehicle such as a one tonne ute, position it in a depression or drain to reduce the height or, preferably, use a fixed loading ramp portable rated ramps (if used) tie-down straps.

• •

select a suitable ramp (or site) to load and unload the quad bike if you use a portable ramp, secure it to the floor of the trailer where practical, remove loads from the quad bike if you use a ramp, check the weight it can carry and check that it is securely fastened and has good grip

EXAMPLE: If the SWL (safe working load) for each ramp is 175kg, that’s a load capacity of 350 kg • • • •

if using ramps, centre the quad bike wheels over the ramps reverse or drive the quad bike up the ramp and use 4WD and low range, if you have it once loaded, you can pull the quad bike to the centre of the trailer, if necessary turn the fuel tap to the off position

Figure 53: Push the bolt through the top of the ramp and the top of the floor of the trailer. 48

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Figure 54: Secure the bolt under the trailer.

Figure 55: Ramps bolted to the trailer. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 49

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• • • • • • • • • •

once loaded, secure the quad bike front and back with approved straps and harnesses in good condition start one side; attach the tie to the top of the quad bike and then to the bottom tie down point on the trailer move to the other side and attach the tie down strap to top of the quad bike then to the bottom tie down point on the trailer go back to the first side and tighten and fasten the strap repeat for the other side use cross-over ties if you are travelling a long distance or over uneven terrain secure other objects so that the quad bike is not damaged by shifting loads transport the quad bike with the parking brake on regularly check the security of the load unload using the downhill technique.

WORKING SAFELY

In addition to the general safety precautions: • refer to the Load Restraint Guide published by the Roads and Traffic Authority of your state for more information about securing loads to vehicles • be aware of the danger of loading sideways onto the transport vehicle.

Figure 56: Look for the safe working load of the ramp. 50

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Figure 57: Check the weight you can load onto the ramp.

Figure 58: Centre the quad bike wheels over the ramp and keep them centred. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 51

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Figure 59: Keep your weight well forward if you drive up the ramp.

Figure 60: Reversing up the ramp removes the danger of backwards rollover. 52

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Figure 61: Stop before you hit the back of the trailer.

Figure 62: The quad bike is driven on using a fixed loading ramp. This is not a sideways loading. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 53

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Figure 63: The quad bike can be loaded sideways but notice that the bike is walked on and not driven. The operator is on the outside of the bike so that he can move easily. If the bike is driven on for a sideways loading there is a danger of overshooting and falling over the other side.

Figure 64: Tighten and fasten the strap. 54

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Figure 65: Top tie on the quad bike, bottom tie on the trailer.

Figure 66: Shift your weight to the back as you carefully drive down and off. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 55

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Photo: M Brett

Figure 67: Check your air filter more often in dusty conditions.

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Chapter 9

SERVICING THE QUAD BIKE IMPORTANCE

A properly maintained quad bike is a safer vehicle. And, in addition, service your quad bike so that you don’t have inconvenient breakdowns. If you use your machine for spot spraying, service every 100 hours; otherwise every 2000 km is a common interval. Battery maintenance can be greatly reduced by using a maintenance free battery in your quad if not already fitted. They are worth the extra expense. In dusty conditions, clean the air filter on a more regular basis (as required). Refer to the operator’s manual for the location of parts and for specific instructions about the procedures mentioned in this section. Routine maintenance involves: • cleaning • inspecting • lubricating • adjusting • replacing parts. Ensure that a competent person carries out any maintenance tasks and a suitably qualified person carries out repairs. It is advisable for the operator to be competent with maintenance. After any significant incident or accident, have a suitable qualified person check the vehicle and list all defects.

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AIM

To service a quad bike

WHAT YOU NEED • • • •

quad bike operator’s manual engine oil as per specification, oil filter, air filter oil puncture repair kit.

WHAT TO DO

Puncture repair • •

follow the procedure in the four photos on these two pages note also the checklist on pages 60-61.

Figure 68: A kit for repairing tyres.

Figure 69: Thread the plugging material. 58

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Figure 70: Stab the leak.

Figure 71: Plugging material seals the leak. QUAD BIKES: a practical guide Quadbike 2017.indd 59

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Routine checklist for quad bike maintenance CHECK THESE

YES READY

TO DO

NOT REQUIRED

Wash the vehicle to remove mud, manure, debris or chemical residue or salty water that can cause corrosion or prevent controls from functioning. Check brakes Foot and hand levers adjusted: as per operator’s manual. Brakes are effective. Park brake effective. Disc wear (unless drum type). Check chassis and suspension Fittings are tight and not loose: check shock absorbers and mounting bolts; check for leaks and wear. Suspension operation. Safety guards for looseness. Handlebars, footrests and major fasteners are tight. All nuts and bolts: riding in rough terrain loosens parts. Look and feel for loose parts while the engine is off; shake handlebars and footrests.

.

Throttle operation Test the throttle operation while moving handlebars to the left and to the right. Fluid levels Engine oil: change oil and oil filter if required. Check drive line oils for level and change at recommended interval. Engine coolant level (if applicable): Change coolant at recommended interval. Battery electrolyte level (if applicable). Brake fluid levels ( if applicable). Fuel tank filled. Air filter Pull the cover off the air filter and check that the filter is clean and in good condition. Be sure that it is cleaned and oiled as recommended and not torn or damaged. Replace as necessary. Steering Smooth movement from lock to lock. Linkages: no detectable wear. Gear selector Gear levers: damage or excessive slack.

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Wheels Rims not dented or buckled. Tyre pressure. See operator’s manual. Use a low pressure gauge. Tyre pressure must be EVEN. Operate at about 4psi (28kpa) or as per operator’s manual and note that a difference of just 2psi (14kpa) between one side and the other can make a big difference to the stability of the vehicle. Tyre treads and walls: check for cracks, tears and uneven wear or embedded pieces of steel or timber. Nuts on axles and wheels are tight. 4WD system Condition of constant velocity joint boots. Not torn, ruptured or visible leakage of cv lubricant. Get repaired as soon as possible if there is a problem. If there is a chain: check that it is running smoothly and adjust and lubricate as recommended in the operator’s manual. Check that sprockets are not worn. Battery Battery security: vibration can ruin the battery. Tightness and cleanliness of battery terminals. Electrolyte levels (if applicable.) Lights and electric switches Turn the ignition switch on and off. Try the kill switch, headlights and tail-lights. Test horn and indicator lights. Exhaust Holes and corrosion. Excessive noise. Looseness. Spark arrestor fitted. Other No damage to seat, racks or hand grips. Have a thorough visual check for loose or damaged parts, excess wear or leaks. Radiator core cleanliness ( if applicable). Oil cooler core cleanliness (if applicable).

WORKING SAFELY

In addition to the general safety precautions: • be aware that puncture-proofing tyres may adversely affect the quad bike’s performance. Refer to the operator’s manual or speak to your supplier for more details • any modifications must be within the manufacturer’s specifications.

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Photo: E Elliott

Figure 72: A SOP outlines the risks associated with certain jobs.

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Chapter 10

WHAT IS A SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE STATEMENT? A Safe Operating Procedure statement (SOP) is a set of written instructions that identifies work activities that have a risk to health and safety and outlines the risks. It also describes the precautions to take to avoid or minimise the risks. So the SOP is a set of instructions or steps to perform a single task safely. It is based on an identification of hazards associated with a task, and includes assessment of any risks and mechanisms for their control. WorkCover NSW indicates that a SOP includes: • the tasks that are to be undertaken that pose risks • a description of equipment and substances used in the task • the qualifications or training of the personnel required to do the work • the supervisor for the task or job and the employees who will undertake the task • the control measures that have been built into these tasks • the personal protective equipment to be worn • action to be undertaken to address safety issues that may arise while undertaking the task. Pay particular attention to work activities with a high safety risk, such as, but not limited to, working at height, working with or near hazardous substances, working in confined spaces, lifting, handling, loading, unloading, working in or near deep excavation, working near electrical power transmissions, working with farm equipment such as quad bikes, chainsaws, tractors and any other motorised equipment (this list is not in any way exhaustive).

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Employers, managers, people who control premises and all staff have responsibilities under Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) legislation to ensure: • the health, safety and welfare of all employees and anyone else present at the workplace • that the premises are safe and without risk to health • that plant or substances provided for the use of, or operation by, people at work is safe and without risk. In summary, SOPs fulfill a number of purposes. They • outline a safe method of work for a specific job • provide an induction document that workers must read and understand before starting a job • meet legal responsibilities for such requirements as hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control • help to effectively coordinate the work, the materials needed, the time required and the people involved to achieve a safe and efficient outcome • can be used as a tool in quality assurance. Prepare the SOP in consultation with those people who will be doing the job. This gives more insight into the various steps involved in the job and the hazards that may be encountered. It also encourages ownership and commitment to the safe operational procedures by all involved. SOPs are like a checklist and must include: • the name of the relevant procedure • the potential hazards associated with each type of operation in the procedure • the safety controls to minimise the hazards • all precautions to be taken to protect health and safety. A safe operating procedure should be written when: • designing a new job or task • changing a job or task • introducing new equipment or substances • reviewing a procedure when problems have been identified, such as from an accident or incident investigation.

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Chapter 11

SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE

Photo: E Elliott

Figure 73: A safe work culture often begins with training.

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Sensible Workwear

As Required

Crush and impact injuries due to quad bike rollover including sideways, backwards and frontwards rollovers.

RISK rating BEFORE Control

HIGH

Safety Hazards RISK Rating AFTER Control

LOW

Firstly, is a quad bike the most suitable vehicle for the job. Fitting of an operator protection device to the quad bike is highly recommended. Ensure quad bike is in sound mechanical order including correct tyre pressure. Identify no go zones due to excessive slopes and broken ground. Ensure quad bike is loaded correctly as per operator’s manual if applicable. Operator to be trained in rider active techniques and correct throttle and brake control to counter rollover forces. • Wear PPE as required including motorcycle helmet that complies with Australian Standard 1698:2006.

• • • • • •

MEDIUM

Risk Control

Note: Operators in training must be supervised by a trainer/assessor during quad bike operation and maintenance. Safety operation and maintenance guidelines must be sourced from the NSW Quad Bike Ag Skills Guide and from Quad Bike Manufacturer Operator’s Manual.

PPE Required At All Times

Personal Protective Equipment Required

Operation of Quad Bikes

Safe Operating Procedure

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• Refer to chemical label and safety data sheet for safety information. • Wear eye protection as required. • Quad bike fuelling and servicing area to be well ventilated, remove possible ignition sources. • Rest and hydrate regularly. Use sunscreen as required, wear sensible work wear and wear gloves as required.

Chemical poisoning while using a quad bike for spraying.

Eye injuries from dust and debris.

Fumes and fire

Fatigue, dehydration, sunburn, abrasions and cold stress.

Name:

Supervisor

Name:

Operator

Signature

Signature:

Date:

Date:

Declaration: I have been briefed by my employer before attempting any hazardous task. I have noted and understood the Safe Operating Procedures and Hazards and Risk Controls associated with the quad bike operations to be undertaken. I have taken note and understood my safety responsibilities. I have informed my employer of any relevant medical conditions such as illness, physical or physiological conditions. I am not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

• Use the most suitable transport vehicle and loading site practical eg. reduce deck height as much as possible. • Use best possible load rated loading ramps that lock into transport vehicle to stop slipping. • Operator to be trained in correct loading, securing and unloading techniques. • Plan quad bike activity to avoid other vehicle movement as much as possible. • Wear PPE including helmet during process. • Wear a high visibility vest.

Crush and Impact Injuries due to quad bike falling or rolling over during loading, securing and unloading to a transport vehicle. Impact injuries from other vehicle movement.

Photo: E Elliott

Figure 74: How well do you know the capabilities of your machine?

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Chapter 12

CHECK YOUR SKILL If you are required to be assessed in the skills described in this booklet, there are national standards or competencies that you can use to check your skills. These are summarised below. The list will also be useful for assessors, although a full description of the competency and its requirements will be needed to assess the skill adequately. Details of the competencies may be found on the Australian Government Training website: www. training.gov.au

AHCMOM212 OPERATE QUAD BIKES Prepare a quad bike for operation by • • • • •

confirming the activity to be undertaken with supervisor, including potential hazards and implementation of safe working procedures selecting, fitting correctly, using and maintaining personal protective equipment including helmets conducting safety pre-operational checks on the quad bike and reporting faults or malfunctions for repair identifying safe work areas and applications (loads and attachments) from workplace safety plan and operator’s manual unloading quad bike safely from the trailer or transportation device.

Operate a quad bike by • • • • • •

recognising risks to self, others and the environment and controlling them according to legislative and enterprise requirements steering, manoeuvring, positioning and stopping the quad bike in a smooth and controlled manner applying hand-eye coordination and transfer of body weight appropriately (active riding) to maintain bike stability identifying and avoid riding surfaces, terrains and slopes that are dangerous to safe operation identifying environmental implications associated with machinery operation and minimising impact identifying and accounting for biosecurity implications associated with machinery operation.

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Complete and check quad bike operation by • • • • • • •

70

conducting shut-down procedures performing routine operational servicing and minor maintenance identifying and reporting malfunctions, faults, irregular performance or damage cleaning, securing and storing the quad bike following washdown procedures in line with biosecurity guidelines where required maintaining quad bike use records for servicing purposes safely loading and securing the quad bike.

QUAD BIKES: a practical guide

Quadbike 2017.indd 70

9/10/2017 7:51 am