Phonological Variants and Dialect Identification in Latin American Spanish [Reprint 2010 ed.] 9027932271, 9789027932273, 9783110809701

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JANUA LINGUARUM STUDIA MEMORIAE NICOLAI VAN WIJK DEDICATA endenda curat C. H. VAN SCHOONEVELD Indiana University

Series Practica, 201

PHONOLOGICAL VARIANTS AND DIALECT IDENTIFICATION IN LATIN AMERICAN SPANISH by

MELVYN C. RESNICK Florida Atlantic University

MOUTON PUBLISHERS · THE HAGUE · PARIS · NEW YORK

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 73-80498

First edition: 1975 Second printing: 1980 ISBN: 90-279-3227-1 © Copyright 1975 by Mouton Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Printed in the Netherlands

Para Margie, fuente de infinita paciencia y amor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables

IX

List of Maps (Appendix B)

X

Introduction, by D. Lincoln Canfield

XI

Acknowledgement

XV

I.

The Delimiting of Dialect Zones in Latin America

1

II.

An Analytical Approach to the Coordination of Phonological Dialect Data . .

S

III.

Specification of the Criteria of Analysis Table A Table B Table C Table D Table E Table F Table G Table H Table I Table! Table K Table L Table M Table N

IV.

The Elicting and Processing of Phonological Data for Dialect Identification

V.

The Indexing of Dialect Data Feature Index Country Index

10 12 15 20 21 23 24 26 28 30 34 36 38 39 40 .

42 47 51 249

TABLE OF CONTENTS Bibliography Abbreviations of References Works cited in Chapters 1, II, III Bibliographies consulted Works Included in the Compilation of the Indexes

447 447 448 449 450

Appendix A. Questionnaire

455

Appendix B. Maps of the Americas

461

LIST OF TABLES

Table A/s,r,x4-y/ Table B /lb,n,l-r,V/ Table C Intervocalic/b,d,g/ Table D /b,d,g/ after /l,r,s,y,w/ Table E /c/ Table F /f/ Table G /!/ and /y/ Table H Final /n/ Table I /r/and/!/ Table J /7/ Table K /s/ Table L /x/ Table Vowels Table N Vos-tü .

'. .

12 15 20 21 23 24 26 28 30 34 36 38 39 40

LIST OF MAPS (APPENDIX B)

The Americas Argentina and Chile Bolivia Colombia Costa Rica . . . . . . ' Cuba Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico La Republica Dominicana El Salvador The United States Uruguay Venezuela

465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 .474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484

INTRODUCTION

Since the publication in 1945 of Tomäs Navarro's Cuestionairo lingüistico hispanoamericano (Buenos Aires, Institute de Filologia), interest has increased in the dialectal manifestations of American Spanish. The Castilian of America has been described both diachronically and synchronically; in areas where people used to think that academies make and regulate languages and that the principles of usage emanate from normative criteria, we now see the beginnings of more objective attitudes and the recognition of linguistic criteria of analysis. The Bibliografia de la lingüistica espanola of Homero Sen's (Bogota, Institute. Caro y Cuervo, 1964) indicates a real concern for the Spanish of America, especially for its phonology and lexicon. An examination of the scholarly production in this area shows that there have been three main groups involved in field work, analysis, and description: Spaniards, many of whom have taken up residence in America; Spanish Americans, some of whom have become citizens of the United States; and a rather large group of North Americans. With the examination and description of the Spanish of so many widely-separated parts of the former Spanish Empire, a concern has arisen for the grouping and the classification of the varieties encountered. Naturally, too, one thinks immediately of convenient geographical zones to settle these taxonomical problems, after the manner of linguistic atlases that have been published on sections of Eastern Europe and the eastern United States. It has become increasingly evident that attempts to delineate geographical dialect zones on a phonological basis for Spanish America have met with little success. The assumption has been that the findings must indicate well-defined zones such as those of the Germanic manifestations that separate maken from machen. The conquest and settlement of America by the Spaniard is a fairly modem enterprise, conceived in the heat of nationalism and religiosity, and carried out rapidly. Vast sections were explored, some of them settled. Lines of communication were tenuous, and some of the most active conquistadores and pobladores were in several parts of America during their lifetime. Distinctions in the Spanish of America today, therefore, are the products of many factors; except for vocabulary, these have little to do with zones on the map of America. One thing that is certain is that there is a tenacity of structural features in the Spanish of America. There has been another element of confusion and limitation. So many of the writers describe one area without knowledge of other parts of Spanish America and with rather

XII

INTRODUCTION

limited perspective. They assume, therefore, that what they have so carefully described could not possibly exist in another place two thousand miles away. Beset by these concerns, Resnick has decided to cast aside the taxonomic considerations and concerns, and look at all the available data on phonological traits of the total area. Then by using distinctive-feature techniques of discrimination, he proceeds to break down the entire corpus into binarily specifiable units of information, which, by virtue of the presence or absence of a phonological characteristic, make a dialect. Each distinction automatically creates two 'dialects'. While the author sets out to expose several popular misconceptions with regard to the geographical distribution of phonological features, he develops a method of discriminating and identifying that is based not on taxonomy but on the opposite principle - a breakdown of the total. The selection of features has been thought out well; those chosen have a rather high discrimination load and are at the same time subject to clear geographical or social variation. Problems will arise in the application of some of these principles of discrimination. There are shady areas between "often" and "sometimes", as there are between the classes of Spanish American society. By a clever use of two tables, the author numbers over 200 'dialects' that are associated with regions'(cities, sections, countries) or with levels of society, and shows how many more could be identified, perhaps down to the idiolect. Space being one of the main considerations, the first table contains four features of American Spanish that can be present or absent. The addition of another feature automatically doubles the number of dialects indicated, and subsequent increases could be compared to a population explosion. The second table considers four more features that can be present or not in the Spanish of a given place; these collated with the first four bring the total to 256 dialects. Although the principal thrust of the treatise would seem to be methodological, the author by illustration produces an extensive document of many variations in American Spanish and at the same time demonstrates that similarities do exist between widely separated places. The computerized indexes of features and of social classes make it possible to compare a given speaker's phonological traits with the entries in the proper index. Inasmuch as the indexes are arranged to give the information in a coherent and orderly fashion, the system permits one to state that a given speaker possesses a speech pattern similar to a specific region or regions. The two indexes of features, countries, and regions within the countries make handy guides to dialect identification. Another phase of the process of dialect designation is the eliciting and processing of data. Although most of Resnick's data are from published sources, he makes excellent suggestions for the use of questionnaires in field work. One might question his use of a synonym-definition technique for the elicitation of phonological responses, and one wonders how such devices might fare in illiterate populations where verbal imagery is somewhat limited. The author would seem to support the theory of the diachronic dimension of synchronic dialectology, along with recognition of factors of time and accessibility in the formation of today's American Spanish from peninsular sources of the Colonia. Given the apparent lack of geographical zones or identifiable universal social criteria of identification, it would seem that the next step will be to discover a taxonomic basis, through the use of computer facilities, for some sort of classification of American Spanish

INTRODUCTION

XIII

manifestations. It would appear that classifications will emerge that are related not to territory but rather to such factors as accessibility and diachronic considerations. Areas that were not under the constant influence of Andalusian Spanish in the later Colonial Period will inevitably prove to be more conservative in matters of phonological change. There may be many other factors such as urbanity, political considerations, commerce, etc. It may even be found feasible to examine the peninsular origins of the pobladores of Peter Boyd-Bowman's Indice geobiografico de pobladores, I (Bogota, Institute Caro y Cuervo, 1964), and to collate peninsular origins, countries of settlement, and present dialectal features of these areas. The Resnick work is a clever introduction to new concepts of methods in dialect identification; by way of illustration he makes excellent suggestions for the use of a questionnaire for field work evolved from a synonym-definition eliciting process. The bibliography is carefully wrought and his maps are some of the best that have been devised for the study in detail of all areas of Spanish-speaking America. Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois

D. Lincoln Canfield

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author gratefully acknowledges the cooperation and assistance of the staff of the Southeast Regional Data Center at Florida Atlantic University and the use of the facilities of the Computer Center, without which this volume would not have been possible in its present form.

THE DELIMITING OF DIALECT ZONES IN LATIN AMERICA

It is relatively easy to delineate major dialect areas on phonological grounds in the eastern United States. We can generally identify a typical speaker as coming from the various parts of the north, or from the mountain states, or from the southern dialect area.1 This is possible, in general, because groups of settlers from particular dialect areas of the British Isles settled in specific parts of the East Coast of the United States. New York metropolitan speech is a reflection of the London speech of its early settlers. In the middle of the eighteenth century, a large number of Scots settled in southern Pennsylvania, the Shenandoah Valley, the inland areas of North and South Carolina, and Georgia. They later migrated further into Virginia, Kentucky, and southern Ohio, forming much of what we now call the Midland or Mountain Dialect. This dialect is distinguished from southern speech, which includes the eastern shore of Maryland and Virginia, southern Delaware, parts of North and South Carolina, Georgia, and parts of Florida and of Mississippi. Texas shows influences of both Southern and Midland speech.2 In the eastern United States there are, then, several major dialect areas, and each one is a geographical area. The historical facts and hence the present-day geographical aspects of Latin American dialect geography are somewhat different from those of the United States. The early colonizers who came to the West Indies and then settled in the mountainous regions of Mexico and South America were relatively isolated there and thus retained much of their sixteenth-century Spanish.3 Those who lived in coastal areas had continuing contact with the changing Spanish of southern Spain, which by the eighteenth century had developed an aspirated allophone of the /s/ phoneme in word-final and syllable-final position.4 Thus in the twentieth century, almost all the coastal areas of Latin America regularly and very noticeably aspirate or drop this final /s/, while it is generally conserved in the mountain areas.5 These two manifestations of the final /s/ provide us with the largest, most common, and most general division of Latin American dialects - those that do and those that do not pronounce final /s/. Both are geographically widespread. é Kurath, Word Geography; Malmstrom and Ashley, Dialects - U.S.A.; McDavid, "Dialects of American English". Complete references to these and other works cited in Chapters I, II, and HI will be found in the bibliography beginning on page 445. 2 Word Geography, Chapters I and II, and Dialects - U.S.A., pp. 27-43. 3 D.L. Canfield, "Diachronie Dimension", p. 6. Also, R. Menendez Pidal, "Sevilla frente a Madrid". 4 D.L. Canfield, La pronunciation, p. 69. s Ibid., p. 83 and Map IV.

2

DELIMITING OF DIALECT ZONES

Another binary division which can be made is in the pronunciation of the velar or pharyngeal fricative /x/, as in the words caja and/o/a. In most northern-hemisphere Latin American countries with an Atlantic or Gulf of Mexico coastline, as well as coastal Peru and Ecuador, and the western Texas-Mexican border, it is (pharyngeal) [h], and may be phonetically indistinguishable from the aspirated /s/ found in some of these same areas. Most of Mexico (except along parts of the Gulf Coast and in some inland areas) and all of southern South America plus non-coastal parts of Peru and Ecuador use velar [x] varieties of this phoneme.6 This feature has a rather interesting geographical distribution when taken with the pronunciation of final /s/, since if a person has a combination of /s/ = [h] or [ö] (zero) plus /x/ = [x],and if he is not an atypical speaker of his region, we can often be quite certain that he is from Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, or parts of Bolivia, i.e., from southern South America. A combination of /s/ = [h] or [ö] plus /x/ = [h] points to a person's coming from a northern country. The combination of/x/ = [x] plus /s/-retained in a typical speaker indicates that he comes from the mountains of Peru, of Bolivia, or of Ecuador, or from parts of Mexico. Another even more sparsely distributed phonetic feature contributing to the difficulty in delimiting Latin American dialect areas is the assibilated pronunciation of the multiple /r/ phoneme in such words zsperro andropa. Standard Spanish has the pronunciation [r], a voiced apicoalveolar trill, while the normal pronunciation of /r/ is [f], a voiced apicoalveolar sibilant, in Chile, Paraguay, the interior of Argentina, and bordering Peru and Bolivia. This is a large contiguous area. However, the same [f] is also used in parts of highland Ecuador, parts of central Colombia, and in parts of the widely separated Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico City, and much of central Mexico and New Mexico.7 By comparing the combinations of these and other phonological and non-phonological linguistic features in a given person's speech, it should be possible to a large extent, then, to specify almost automatically where a given speaker is from, even though^ we cannot readily draw all-inclusive dialect areas as we can to some extent in the eastern United States. We will return to this important point in Chapter II. A classification of American Spanish dialects which is still adhered to by many today, was suggested in 1921 by Pedro Henriquez Urefla. He set up five dialect zones based on regions of Nahuatl, Caribe. Yarahuaca, Quechua, Aruacano, and Guarani substrata.8 Such a classification is useful in the study of indigenous influences in the lexicon, but Jose" Pedro Rona, together with T. Navarro, Augusto Malaret, Charles Kany, and others,9 criticizes Henriquez Urefia's classification as being inadequate and methodologically unsound since it is an á-priori classification, not one based on observed dialectal differences.10 Rona says in addition that there has been "a virtual limitation of the development of dialect studies of our continent... Useful works are in abundance, from an information 6 ^ 8 9 10

Ibid., pp. 81-82 and Map III. Ibid, pp. 87-89 and Map VII. Pedro Henriquez Urefia, "Observaciones sobre el espafiol en America". J. Rona, "El problema", p. 217. Ibid, pp. 217-219.

DELIMITING OF DIALECT ZONES

3

point of view . . . However, all these works are of a monographic and descriptive nature . . . Spanish American dialectology has not yet passed out of its first phase, the merely descriptive."11 The only successful comparative study of Spanish American dialects, says Rona, was done in the book La pronunciation del espanol en America (Bogota, 1963) by D. Lincoln Canfield. This short, comparative study is in the form of listings of where selected phonological features are found and in maps illustrating their relative geographical positions. Although Rona criticizes Henriquez Urefia's dialect areas, he is interested in establishing a method for setting up dialect zones based initially on four isoglosses.l2 Rona's four tentative criteria include: (\)yeismo, the phonemic leveling of standard Spanish /!/ and /y/; (2)zefsmo, the phonetic rendition of /l/-/y/, either or both, as [z], a voiced alveopalatal fricative; (3) voseo, the use of the pronoun vos as the second-person familiar singular, rather than the standard tu, (4) selection of one of four sets of present-tense verb forms used with vos. In the first three criteria, a binary choice is used to indicate the presence or absence of that feature; in the last, a four-way choice is necessary. On Rona's charts, the presence of yefsmo but lack of zeismo and voseo is the case in Zone 1; however, the same combination of features is also listed for Zone 7, with no explanation offered for this split, and because of non-Spanish influence it is also listed as Zones 17 and 18. The arbitrary selection of these four criteria results in arbitrariness of these zones, since any time a new feature is added the zones will change; e.g., central Mexico and the Caribbean are classed together as Zone 1, but simple inclusion of^one feature, the treatment of /s/, would greatly alter this picture. Rona offers his charts as a methodological demonstration only, yet these charts, which are among the latest published efforts (1964) at defining Latin American dialect zones, do not seem to contain the coherence necessary for their fruitful completion. The establishing of major dialect areas in Latin America on phonological grounds has thus far been impractical, if not impossible. Groups of speakers widely separated by geography may have very similar phonologies, while several major dialect divisions are said to be represented in Colombia alone. The notion of trying to specify in an organized fashion which geographical areas contain which phonological features remains an interesting one, even though it has never been accomplished on a large scale in Latin American dialectology. Precise, readily available information of this nature would eliminate much of the speculation and prevent many of the unfounded conclusions abundant in this field. Area! information taken with the geographical and historical aspects of peninsular Spanish phonojogy would be of great importance in further investigating the peninsular origins of the original Spanish settlers, as well as later migrations within the American continent. Such data would also provide a distinct contribution to studies in the history of the Spanish language.

11 12

J. Rona, Aspeclos metodologicos, p. 7. Translated here from the original Spanish. J. Rona, "El problema", pp. 219-226.

DELIMmNG OF DIALECT ZONES

At present, except for the data included in La pronunciation del espanol en America, there is no way to obtain complete comparative information except by tracking down, reading, and interpreting primary sources, many of which are lengthy works and/or no longer readily available, or by original field work.13

13 The process of tracking down even a small portion of such primary sources is not an easy one. Works dealing with Latin American dialectology are to be found in such widely varied journals and places as Education: Revista para el Magisterio (Caracas) and the Coleccion Puertorriquefia Reading Room at the Library of the Universidad de Puerto Rico, where the reader is prohibited to make a photocopy of a page of a thesis without the written permission of the author. Canfield and others have long bemoaned the misconceptions prevalent in many published works dealing with "localismos", which more often than not turn out to be rather common Latin American traits; this is not surprising in an area where new publications are often first learned of only through reprints sent out by their author. It is disappointing as well as significant that an organization as prestigious and potentially valuable as the Asociacion de Linguistics y Filologia de America Latina (ALFAL) has, as of October 1973, yet to publish a bibliography, a newsletter, or even a mimeographed directory of its membership.

II AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO THE COORDINATION OF PHONOLOGICAL DIALECT DATA

The process of classifying information involves examining the individual bits of data, discovering their similarities and differences in accordance with specified criteria, and attempting to group the numerous bits of data into a smaller number of meaningful categories. As pointed out in Chapter I, such taxonomic attempts at establishing dialect zones for Latin American Spanish have traditionally met with little success. It is important to note that the successful organization and comparison of phonological dialect data does not necessarily require the classification of the dialects into zones.14 It should be possible, instead, to begin with the notion of one large corpus, namely the totality of Latin American Spanish, and to establish a system for dividing this into the greatest number of minimally distinguishable dialect units, each unit ideally corresponding to a meaningful socio-economic or geographical entity, such as a town or city, and within these, a social class, etc. This type of organization is exactly the opposite of a classification.15 Each such socio-geographical unit identified in this way would contain a unique combination of specified phonological features, a combination which would distinguish it from all other such units.16 Since no claim for meaningful dialect groups or zones is to be made as is necessary in a classification, such a system is improved, not impaired, when additional features are later considered and existing minimal dialect units are further subdivided.17 In Chapter I it was pointed out that by considering a binarily specifiable phonological feature, for example the retention (+) or not (-) of /s/ in syllable-final and word-final 14 It is recognized, of course, that any phonological system assumed for a language is in itself arbitrary. A conventional phonological analysis of "standard" Spanish will be used here. is Carried to an extreme, such a division would ultimately yield one unit for every idiolect in every situation in which it occurs. 16 Vladimir Honsa recognized the value of considering combinations of features in his 1965 article "The Phonemic Systems of Argentinian Spanish", in which he said "In fact, the universal unity of the Spanish language is such that we could not find a single element of structure (considering one at a time and excluding the vocabulary) which would not be common to at least two different dialectal regions, in Spain or in America. Only a combination of two or more structural features, each shared with other regions, can be called characteristic of one dialect." ð This is somewhat analogous to chemistry's continuing search for all the elements of the universe. No taxonomy is involved, only successively finer analyses and discriminations. Hence the system is not endangered when new elements are discovered or separated from larger compounds.

6

COORDINATION OF DIALECT DATA

positions, we could divide the unit we call American Spanish into two groups, roughly similar in size. By considering a second binary feature, the pronunciation, pharyngeal (+) or other (-) of /x/, we could divide each of the /s/ groups into two, giving us four dialect units, with no mention made of a need or desire for contiguous geographical areas or zones. These four dialect units may be expressed in tabular form as follows: /s/ retained

/x/ = [h]

Dialect Number

l 2 3 4 By adding more such features we increase the number of dialectal discriminations we can make on a phonological basis.'8 The phonological features to be selected for this purpose should be those that (1) are relatively easy to define and observe, (2) are relatively consistent within a group of speakers, (3) can be specified binarily, (4) will yield the most meaningful or useful discriminations, and (5) can separate out the largest number of socio-political-geographiccal entities from each other. That is, features should be selected for utilization on the basis of their ease of specification and their DIALECT DISCRIMINATION LOAD. Our research has shown that the eight binarily specifiable features that follow can be expected to meet these requirements and have a high dialect discrimination load, while their small number will still yield a useful though manageable number (256) of potential dialect discriminations.19 is Each time an additional criteria! feature is added in this manner, the resulting number of dialect units or discriminations is doubled. Thus, 1 features yield 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 6 64 7 128 8 256 9 512 10 1024 15 32788 20 1049216 25 67149824

dialect units

For practical reasons, such a system of discriminations obviously cannot be carried too far, since adding just a few more features would soon result in more potential dialect units than there are people. It is again pointed out that any analytical system is by nature arbitrary, as are its criteria. 19 Complete specification of the criteria, phonetic environments involved, etc., for these features is presented in Chapter III in the instructions for the tables. This list and the following sample dialect identification are given here in order to clarify the intent of the present discussion.

COORDINATION OF DIALECT DATA Feature specified as

plus (+)

minus (—)

/s/ regularly retained as sibilant (estados)

Or not; i.e., may regularly or sometimes be [ö], [h], etc.

/r/ regularly a multiple apical trill [r] intervocalically (perro)

Or not; i.e., may regularly or sometimes be [f], [R], etc.

l\l regularly a pharyngeal fricative [h] (mujer)

Or not; i.e., may regularly or sometimes be [x], [xy], etc.

I\J and ly( regularly distinguished (callo, cayo)

Or not; i.e., may regularly or sometimes sound the same.

/b/ regularly fricative after /!/ (el bebe)

Or not; i.e., may regularly or sometimes be occlusive [b].

/n/ final before following vowel or pause regularly [n] (corazon)

Or not; i.e., may regularly or sometimes be [q], [m], etc.

l\l and /r/ regularly distinguished (mal, mar)

Or not; i.e., may regularly or sometimes sound the same.

Vowels regularly voiced in all positions (leche)

Or not; i.e. may regularly or sometimes be voiceless after voiceless consonants.

It would be impractical, however, to attempt to include all these eight features in just one table, since 256 lines would be required to represent the possible combinations. Instead, a method was devised for distributing all the combinations into two tables of 16 lines each. These are termed Table A and Table B and will be found on pages 12 and 15. Referring to Table A and to the preceding chart, we may observe that a given speaker has, for example, the following phonological features in his speech: /s/ is regularly retained as a sibilant in syllable-final and word-final positions [r] is occasionally heard, but the speaker generally has [r]; i.e., /r/ is not regularly [r], so he is assigned /x/ is regularly the velar fricative [x] /!/ and /y/ are regularly distinguished; i.e., they share no-phones in common and do not sound the. same

(+) (-) (-) (+)

This particular combination, + +, is then traced to the seventh line of Table A and will be called Index Number (i.e., dialect number, loosely) A7. The Feature Index entries

8

COORDINATION OF DIALECT DATA

on pages 52 to 247 of Chapter V tell us that the combination we call A7 has been observed and reported in several provinces of Argentina, in the mountains of Bolivia, in Norte de Santander, Colombia, in numerous parts of Ecuador, and in areas of Peru. We have thus identified this speaker, if he is not atypical, as being from one of these regions; that is, as possessing a speech pattern with regard to these features similar to what has been observed and reported in the regions listed. If this identification is sufficiently exact for the investigator's purpose, the dialect identification procedure may stop at this point. If more detail is desired, the investigator would proceed to Table B, which contains the remaining four of the eight primary features specified above. Again examining the speech of the same hypothetical informant while referring to Table B, we note that: /b/in the group /lb/ is fricative, as in standard Spanish /n/word-final before a following vowel or pause is regularly velar [ç] /!/ and /r/ are regularly distinguished in all positions, as in the standard language (i.e., they never sound the same) Unstressed vowels are sometimes devoiced after /c/

(+) (—) (+) .(—)

This combination, + — + —, is found on a line near the middle of Table B, giving Index Numbers B22, B38, B54, B70, B86, B102, B118, etc. Since this informant's speech was assigned to combination A7 in Table A, the columm under A7 is used in Table B, giving Index Number Bl 18 for the total of the eight features. Reference to the Feature Index entries on pages 52-248 shows where the combination of features designated Bl 18 has been reported, thus sharpening the degree of discrimination provided by the four features of Table A alone. Tables C through N, to be introduced in Chapter III, will provide the investigator with even finer dialectal discrimination and specification when needed than are possible with the 256 potential discriminations provided by Table A and B. The use of the additional tables can be somewhat complicated and time consuming, however. They include many of the phonological features that have been observed by field workers as constituting dialectal variation within Spanish America, plus one morphological-syntactical feature carrying a very high dialect discrimination load: occurrence of the pronouns vos and tu and the corresponding verb forms in the present tense. The two major tasks, then, in designing and elaborating a system that would readily enable the investigator to determine what linguistic community, if any, a given person's speech pattern were representative of, have been the following: 1. To determine experimentally and by observation which are the most useful phonological features for breaking down Latin American Spanish into the greatest number of minimally distinguishable units; i.e., to determine which features will have the highest dialect discrimination load, and to arrange and specify these features so as to make them both manageable and consistent for all users of the analytical system. 2. To compile and collate all pertinent available dialect geography data in a fashion consistent with the organization of the criteria of discrimination mentioned in Number 1 above. Since much field work has been performed and published on Latin American phonological variations, published data, rather than original field work, can be most

COORDINATION OF DIALECT DATA

9

profitably used. The compilation and coordination of this information takes the form of the indexes in Chapter V. The Feature Index in that chapter is to be used when one wishes to locate geographically or socially a given observed feature or combination of features. Cross indexing such data alphabetically by geography and social class makes certain other information readily available to the investigator. Referring to the Country Index in Chapter V, we find the same Index Number references to the tables arranged by countries and their subdivisions, permitting one to abstract a concise description of many of the dialectically determined phonological variants that have been observed in the country or region of interest.20 Complete information on the use of the indexes is presented in Chapter V. Since all information is footnoted in the two indexes, giving the (published) source from which it was taken, it is feasible to present conflicting data. If any of the included data were in error or resulted, for example, from selection of an unrepresentative sample by the original investigator, this could eventually be discovered and corrected, and aberrant or outdated information in the literature of the field (or errors in the compilation of the indexes) could eventually be weeded out and corrected.

20 Indexes cross referenced by social class, age, lace, and other factors have also been prepared. Such indexes are not included in this volume, however, because of the lack of consistent data, methodologically gathered and reported.

Ill SPECIFICATION OF THE CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

In this chapter we will attempt to specify many of the phonological phenomena which have been observed as having a high dialect discrimination load in American Spanish and to reduce the description of these phenomena to their key elements in the least ambiguous terms possible. The standardization and reduction of terminology and criteria in this manner is an important step in the eventual meaningful and successful comparison of dialect data. For purposes of this study, this specification of dialect-discrimination criteria will take the form of instructions for the use of the tables. The notions of regularity and phonetic patterning are of prime concern in the decision-making processes required in the use of the first two tables. The linguist must decide, for example, in the case of an informant who omits only one or two /s/'s in a long conversation or questionnaire whether these are to be considered anomalies, or whether they represent a phonological pattern in which [ö] is in fact an allophone of /s/ in some positions, even if an uncommon one. Every effort has been made in the compilation and selection of criteria in the tables and responses in the questionnaire presented in Chapter IV to make extended observation necessary in only rare cases. Apparent anomalies and accidental pronunciations, then, should be disregarded. This same concept of phonetic patterning disallows the use of certain vocabulary items for making phonological judgements. The word arbol, for example, would be unsuitable as an example when attempting to decide whether /r/ and /!/ have undergone phonemic leveling in certain positions in an informant's dialect, since there is a strong tendency toward both assimilation of different liquids and dissimilation of like liquids when in close proximity in Spanish (cf. Latin pelegrinus > Spanish peregrino).21 Likewise, infinitives (ending in /r/) with the enclitic pronouns le, lo, la, etc., (comerlo) should be disregarded as examples of /l/-/r/ leveling, since assimilation of the /r/ and /!/ here would not necessarily be indicative of the more general pattern of confusion in these two phonemes. It would be beyond the scope of this volume to provide a complete list of items or types of items to be avoided; the examples provided in the tables and in the body of this chapter may be considered as typical, relatively safe examples of each feature. In addition, a verbal questionnaire is presented in Chapter IV which will enable

21

See, e.g., Alonso and Lida, "Geografta fonetica".

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

11

the rapid and efficient elicitation of the data needed in the proper phonetic environments to make a dialect identification. It was originally expected that specification of the degree of openness of vowels could be included since this is often correlated with geographical as well as phonetic environment. To make such an inclusion would have complicated the tables beyond any degree of usefulness obtainable from such vowel information, since the total number of combinations resulting from the specification necessary for each case of combined environmental as well as dialectal conditioning would have been unmanageable, using currently available methods of comparison. In addition, there is a good deal of variation within and between individuals in a group, as witnessed by Tom s Navarro's study of vowels in Puerto Rico.22 Certainly, extreme cases of closing of vowels, especially stressed vowels, have dialectal significance. Reports of /e/-/i'/ and /ü/-/ý/ leveling are common for Andean regions of Quechua influence.23 Navarro says here in regard to vowel quality that there are some geographical trends, but that he does not see "una clara repartition geografica ". Unfortunately, some twentyfive years after he wrote this, the geographical distribution of this potentially lucrative data still seems unclear. The original plan for this study also included specification of the phonetic treatment of /b, d, g, p, t, k, s/ in combination with certain other consonants (absolute, administrador, Ignacio, aceptar, conception, atmosfera, insecto, exactp, etc.). These consonant clusters, known as grupos cultos in Spanish, exhibit some dialectally determined variation, yielding such pronunciations as [aksoluto], [alministrador], [asektar], etc., with different means of treating these groups prevelant, though often not exclusively, in different regions. As with the vowels,-the complicated indexing necessary to include this body of data would not have been justified by its usefulness. Finally, because of the lack of widely accepted objective terminology and of field reports of an objective nature, no suprasegmental features have been included in the data compared and tabulated here, despite the fact that intonation is perhaps the phonological feature most generally used by Latin Americans in characterizing and imitating the speech of other Latin American regions.

22 23

T. Navarro, El espaHol en Puerto Rico (1948), esp. pp. 44-45. Canfield, La pronunciation, pp. 93-94.

12

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

TABLE A /s/retained

/?/ = [?]

/x/ = [h]

/l/-/y/dist.

{"J" Number Al A2 A3 A4 AS A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 All A12 A13 A14 A15 A16

Table A is the first and most important table to be used when making a dialect identification. Partial instructions for the use of Tables A and were included in Chapter II, but are presented here for fuller explanation of the abbreviated headings in each Table. TABLE A - FIRST COLUMN

/s/ retained: A plus will be assigned to this category in a given person's speech if he regularly and consistently retains /s/ as a sibilant in syllable-final and word-final positions as in standard Castilian. A minus will be assigned if /s/ is not regularly a sibilant, in which case it may be [ ] (zero), or [h], or any other sound. As mentioned before, regularity is important in the assigning of a plus in this and certain other categories in the tables; the linguist must decide in the case of an informant who omits only one or two /s/'s in a long conversation whether these are to be considered anomalies, or whether they represent a phonological pattern in which [ ] is in fact an allophone of /s/ in some positions, even if an uncommon one. Anomalies and accidental pronunciations should be disregarded. A minus should be assigned if /s/ is either sometimes or regularly omitted or aspirated. Examples: (plus) [estädos unidos] [lasjefioras] [las käyes] [laz gayihas]

Estados Unidos las senoras las cattes las gallinas

(minus) [ehtädos unidos] [la henora] [la käye] [la gayüias]

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

13

The dropping or aspiration of the /s/ phoneme in Spanish is generally regarded as occurring only in syllable-final and word-final positions, and these are the only environments that need to be considered when assigning the (+) or (—) of the first column of Table A. In many regions this process has evolved even further, and utterances such as [hi hefior] or [hi henol] (si, senor) and [nohotro] (nosotros) are common. An unusual phenomenon occurs in at least one region, the city of Cartago in el Valle, Colombia. Syllable and word-final /s/ are retained with a high degree of consistency, while wordinitial /s/ is frequently aspirated ([la henora] la senora). In cases where final /s/ is not affected, a plus should be assigned. Since the standard language does not retain /s/ before orthographic r, this combination should be disregarded. Finally, the partial assimilation of /s/ into a following /b/ or /d/ (and /g/? ) is quite common in some areas of otherwise total retention, such as San Jose", Costa Rica, and should likewise not be considered.

TABLE A - SECOND COLUMN

/r/ = [?]: A plus will be assigned to this category in a given person's speech if he regularly and consistently pronounces a voiced apical multiple trill for orthographic rr between vowels within a word and for orthographic r in word-initial position following a final orthographic vowel of the preceding word in the same breath group. That is, consider perro and la rata, but disregard el raton. Any other pronunciation, or vacilation between [r] and any other sound, will result in a minus. Examples: (plus) [pefo] [la fata kofe]

perro la rata corre

(minus) [pero] [la fata kofe]

The stipulation that intervocalic /f/ be considered is necessary since the pronunciation of the /f / may be affected by the articulation of a preceding consonant or by its being in initial position after a pause. It should be noted that Table A does not permit specification of the /f/ allophone used by the speaker if this allophone is not the voiced apical multiple trill [r], as only a binary choice is possible here. Table J permits specification of seven different allophones of /f/, including the possibility that a person will alternate between two or more of them in his speech.

TABLE A - THIRD COLUMN

/x/ = [h]: A plus will be assigned to this category in a given person's speech if he regularly and consistently pronounces a weak pharyngeal (glottal) fricative [h] (similar to English [h]) for orthographic g before e or é and for orthographic / in all positions (except word final, which should be disregarded). A minus will be assigned if the informant does not regularly have [h] in all positions, in which case he may have [x], [9], lenis

14

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

[÷], etc.; or he may have [h] much of the time, but not consistently, for which a minus will also be assigned. Examples: (plus) [kaha roha] [muhir] [hente]

caja raja mujer genie

(minus) [kaha roxa] [muxyer]

Although the allophones of the /x/ phoneme are generally described as voiceless, a voiced pronunciation is sometimes heard intervocalically. Since this appears to be conditioned by phonetic environment rather than by linguistic geography, it should be disregarded here. The binary nature of this table does not permit specification of the type of /x/ present in the informant's speech if it is not [h]; specification of other "jota" variants found in American Spanish is possible in Table L.

TABLE A - FOURTH COLUMN

/}/—lyl distinguished: A plus will be assigned to this category if these two historically distinct phonemes are regularly and consistently distinguished in all positions in a given person's speech and minimal pairs are possible on this distinction, which is represented orthographically by // and y, respectively. A minus will be assigned if /!/ and /y/ are regularly or sometimes leveled and share a phone or phones in common in any position. Examples: (plus) se callo and se cayo

sound different llave andyema have

different initial sounds

(minus) se callo and se cayo

sound the same Have zndyema have

the same initial sounds

Since the y of diphthongs of the type soy, muy, ley is often associated with this same /y/ phoneme, it is mentioned here that it should be disregarded for our purposes. In addition, the /y/ of the diphthong represented orthographically as hie, hia, (hielo, hiato) should be disregarded, since it does not follow the general /y/ pattern in certain regions. Since only a binary decision is possible here, Table A treats just the phonemic aspect of /!/ and /y/; Table G deals with the phonetic variations of these two phonemes. After making the four -binary decisions and arriving at the combination of plusses and minuses required in Table A, the user then locates that combination on Table A to determine the Index Number (for example, + — + + is A5.) From there the user may proceed to the Feature Index in Chapter V for a list of where this combination of features is found, or he may go on to Table B for even finer dialect discrimination before consulting the index.

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

15

Detailed criteria and instructions for Table B follow in the next few pages. Upon arriving at the correct combination of Table B criteria, as was done for Table A, the user then locates this combination on the proper line in Table B, again reading horizontally. Assuming this combination to be, for example's sake, — + + —, we arrive at the line containing Table B Index Numbers (B)26, 42, 58, 74, 90, 106, 122, etc. Since the Table A Index Number for this hypothetical informant was A5, we read down from column A5 to arrive at B90, thus incorporating all the information and decisions of Table A into the Table B Index Number. B90 is then located in the index in Chapter V for a list of where this combination of features has been reported, thus "identifying" the dialect of the informant, to the degree of specification afforded by these eight features as reported in the sources used to compile the index. Even further dialect discrimination is possible by comparing the list of regions designated under B90 with the list corresponding to the proper Index Numbers of each of the Tables C through N, which are presented following Table B, and discovering which region or regions appear under those Index Numbers corresponding to the informant's speech pattern.

— ? 1

TABLE B

^ ,S C

Ji [tr]J

, jr / / heard for /tr/

[treynta] : ./ , [treynta]

15 16 17

[r] ni I'J [1]

. ,- , , heard for /r/ n ui r- i ^»able-final

[berde] ... ,, , . l beide l ^j

18

[ö]

heard for /r/ word-final [kalo], [asuka]

19

[ö] or complete assimilation heard for /r/ within word [WdeJ, [bedde], [be4de]

110 111 112 113 114

[d], [4] [h]

115 116 117 118

[y]

heard for /r/ syllable-final other than from complete assimilation

[r] [„ [1] 11 [i] [ö]

,, , heard for /!/ „ ,, -. ' syllable-final

Nasal Sibilant

[sortero] [ , , { [soltero] \ \ [soitero] heard for /!/ word-final [so]

119

[0] or complete assimilation heard for /!/ within word [sotero], [sottero]

120 121 122 123 124

[d], [4] [h]

[y]

Nasal Sibilant

/r/

/!/

heard for /!/ syllable-final other than from complete assimilation

TABLE I - M and /!/

Table I presents a fuller picture of the phonetic manifestations of/r/ and /!/, corresponding to orthographic r (except word-initial) and / respectively, than was possible with the

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

31

binary decisions required in Table B. All the considerations discussed in regard to the /!/—/r/ category in Table B apply here as well. Referring to Table I, the corresponding Index Number is assigned for each pronunciation of /r/ and /!/ heard sometimes or regularly in the informant's speech. 11 is assigned if a plus (+) was assigned to the /!/—/r/ category in Table B; that is, if /r/ and /!/ are regularly and consistently distinguished in all positions in the informant's speech. 12 is assigned if a minus (-) was assigned to the /!/—/r/ category in Table B; that is if /r/ and /!/ are sometimes or regularly leveled in any position in the informant's speech. The decisions included in Table B are repeated in this table in order to facilitate reference to this important feature in the index. 13 is assigned if the orthographic group tr is sometimes or regularly heard with the flap [r], as in the standard language ([treynta] treinta). 14 is assigned if the orthographic group tr is sometimes or regularly heard with the (voiceless) fricative and/or assibilated [f], somewhat similar to English tr in train ([treynta]). Assignment of both 13 and 14 indicates lack of consistency on the part of the informant ([treyntay kwatro] treinta y cuatro = 13 and 14). 15 is assigned if /r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly a voiced or voiceless apicoalveolar sound as in the standard language ([erqfermo]). That is. 15 will be assigned if the /r/ is judged to be sometimes or regularly within the limits of the general norms for standard flap /r/ in preconsonantal position and contains no element of /!/ or other non-/r/ sound. Assibilated pronunciations, similar to [r] in /tr/ above and to the assibilated /r/'s in Table J, should not be included in this Index Number and are not considered in the tables in syllable-final position. 16 is assigned if /r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly the voiced apicoalveolar lateral [1] ([envfelmo]). 17 is assigned if /r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly a mixed articulation [r] incorporating elements of both [r] and [1] and identifiable with both. 18 is assigned if /r/ in word-final position before either a pause or any following word is [0] (zero) ([kalo], [asuka] color, azucar). 19 is assigned if complete assimilation of /r/ to the following consonant within the same word is heard ([bedde], [bedde], [enjfemmo] verde, enfermo), or the /r/ is completely omitted ([ ]) ([bode], [bede], [einfemo]). 110 is assigned if /r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly [d] or fricative [d], except when such a [d] or [4] is the result of complete assimilation ([emfedmo], [bedde] = 110, [bedde] = 19). 111 is assigned if /r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly non-nasalized [h] ([behde], [kähne] verde, came). Nasalized [h], as well as the voiceless nasal consonants [m] and [n], produced with complete closure at the oral cavity during which air is blown out through the nose, will be assigned Index Number 113, below. 112 is assigned if /r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly vocalized to [1] (or [y]) ([b6J4e], [bey4e]). 113 is assigned if /r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly any voiced or voiceless nasal consonant including [h, m, n] described above, except when

32

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

such a nasal represents complete assimilation to the following consonant ([kahne], [känne] = 113, [känne] = 19, [kähne] = 111). 114 is assigned if/r/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly a voiced or voiceless sibilant, except when such a sibilant is the result of complete assimilation to the following consonant ([bezde] verde = 114, [mässo] marzo = 19). The remainder of Table I deals with the pronunciation of /!/ in final position, and parallels exactly the final—/r/ section of this table in Index Numbers, allophones, and specification of environments. 115 is assigned, as was 15 for /r/, if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly [r] ([sortero] soltero). In the same manner: 116 is assigned if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly [1], as in the standard language ([soltero]). 117 is assigned if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly mixed [r]( [sortero]). 118 is assigned if /!/ in word-final position before either a pause or any following word is [ ] (zero) ([so] sol). 119 is assigned if complete assimilation of /!/ to the following consonant within the same word is heard ([sottero]), or the /!/ is completely omitted ([0]) ([sotero]). 120 is assigned if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly [d] or [4], except when the [d] or [4] is the result of complete assimilation ([pa4mera] palmera = 120, [badde] balde = 119). 121 is assigned if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly non-nasalized [h] ([sohtero] soltero). Occurrences of [h, m, n] are assigned Index Number 123, below. 122 is assigned if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly vocalized to [ ] (or [y]) ([soitero], [soytero]). 123 is assigned if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly a voiced or voiceless nasal consonant including [h, m, n], except when such a nasal represents complete assimilation to the following consonant ([pamma] palma = 123, [pämma] = 119, [pahma] = 121). 124 is assigned if /!/ in syllable-final position within a word is sometimes or regularly a voiced or voiceless sibilant, except when such a sibilant is the result of complete assimilation to the following consonant ([pazmera] = 124, [assa]a/zO. (J5) [R]: Voiced or voiceless uvular or velar fricative or trill. Often though not necessarily similar to the several voiced non-apical French /r/'s of the same description (la rue). (J6)[hr]: Mixed rr. According to Navarro, "La rr mixta . . . consiste en una articulacion que empieza por un elemento fricative de timbre vacilante, ya alveolar o ya velar, y termina con el sonido de una rr alveolar semivibrante o fricativa . . . . En diferentes ocasiones la rr mixta aparecio con cierto timbre rehilante ï con sonoridad reducida o apagada."35 We include in this category, as Navarro implies, a voiceless apicoalveolar trill (vibrant) [r]. The [hr] may give the impression to the listener of a coarticulated voiceless [hr], [hr], [x7], or voiced [gr], etc. (J7) /r/: Phonemic leveling of /r/ and /r/ between vowels, normally, though not necessarily, as single [r]. The specification of categories of articulation rather than specific allophones in some of the above descriptions is indicative of and occasioned by the seeming impossibility of describing exactly each of the many varieties of /?/ used in American Spanish.36 Assignment of an informant's /r/ to only one Index Number in Table J indicates that his III is regularly and consistently within that category. Assignment to two or more Index Numbers indicates vacilation between the corresponding pronunciations.

35 Navarro, El espanol en Puerto Rico, p. 89. 36 In addition to the descriptions contained in the works included in the compilation of the indexes, see especially pages 89-90 of Navarro Tomas's El espanol en Puerto Rico for a detailed discussion and description of the variation and terminology possible within some of the above categories. Also, "Examen del concepto de lehilamiento" by Gabriel Bes, and the multi face ted if difficult to follow treatment of "La velarizacion de rr en el espanol de Puerto Rico" by German de Granda.

36

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS TABLE K - /S/

The corresponding Index Number will be assigned for each pronunciation heard sometimes or regularly. cinco, saiga, sordo, soltero, sol, los ojos, cocina, pesado TONGUE TIP POSITION

UP

TONGUE SHAPE (LENGTHWISE) GROOVED

INDEX FREQUENT DESCRIPTIONS SYMBOL NUMBER

Kl

s apicoalveolar, s castellena, s espesa, s palatal, s apicodental

W [s]

DOWN

GROOVED

K.2

s dorsoalveolar, s predorsal, s dorsal, s andaluza, s articulada en los incisivos inferiores

[s]

ANY

NONGROOVED

K3

s ceceosa, s semisibilante, s no sibilante, 'lazy s'

[9]

/s/ voiced in word-final position before following vowel

K4

/s/ voiced in intervocalic position within word

K5

[z]

TABLE K - /s/

Referring to Table K, the corresponding Index Number is assigned for each type of /s/ heard in word-initial position after a pause in the informant's speech. The wide variety of /s/ articulations found in American Spanish, as well as the wide variety of articulatory, acoustic, and subjective descriptions often used to describe these articulations, has necessitated the use of sharply reduced, highly general criteria in Table K. It is felt, nevertheless, that the three distinctions of /s/ types in this table will have a high dialect discrimination load for Latin American Spanish. Kl is assigned if in the articulation of initial /s/, the informant's tongue tip is pointed up toward the upper teeth, alveolar ridge, prepalatal region, or palate, and if the tongue is grooved (redondeada) to produce a sibilant rather than a slit fricative. Frequent descriptions for this type of /s/ articulation include apicodental /s/, apicoalveolar /s/, Castilian /s/, thick /s/, palatal /s/, Antioquian (Colombia) /s/, though this list is not exhaustive. Much variation is permitted in this category, ranging from the low-frequency Castiliantype sibilant to a relatively high-frequency lightly grooved articulation. K2 is assigned if in the articulation of initial /s/,"the informant's tongue tip is pointed

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

37

down, toward the lower teeth, and if the tongue is grooved to produce a sibilant rather than a slit fricative. Frequent descriptions for this type of /s/ articulation include dorsoalveolar /s/, predorsal /s/, dorsal /s/, Andalusian /s/, and, erroneously, /s/ articulated on the lower teeth. 37 Considerable variation is possible within this category. K3 is assigned if in the articulation of initial /s/ the informant's tongue is flat rather than grooved along its length, producing what is predominantly a slit fricative rather than a sibilant. The tongue tip may be in any position but will often be level, perhaps approaching a dental or interdental position. This /s/ articulation is considerably weaker than the Castilian thela, with which it should not be confused. Frequent descriptions for this type of /s/ include 'lazy' /s/, non-sibilant /s/, semi-sibilant /s/, and lisping /s/ (s ciceada or ceceosa).38 Canfield describes "un tipo de sibilante ciceada, aunque raravez interdental . . . . Resulta del poco acanalamiento en la articulacion dorsoalveolar (plana convexa) y conduce fäcilmente a la aspiracion o perdida del elemento."39 K4 is assigned (in addition to K1-K3) if /s/ is sometimes or regularly voiced in the informant's speech in word-final position before a following vowel. K5: General descriptions of the Spanish /s/ phoneme describe its articulation as voiceless except when before voiced consonants, in which case the /s/ is often voiced in dialects where it is not aspirated or lost ([mizmo]). At least one case of voicing of /s/ in intervocalic position has been well documented in modern Latin American Spanish, and that is in much of highland Ecuador, in word-final position before a following vowel (K4). It is the author's belief, however, that he has heard a voiced [z] for'/s/ intervocalically within words with a degree of frequency among monolingual native Spanish speakers in Mexico and Costa Rica. Similar reports have been published by Hugo Albor and by Luis Florez for Colombia.40 To occurrences of voiced allophones o f / s / intervocalically within words, then, we are assigning Index Number K5.

37 The terms predorsal and dorsal are both used, often interchangeably, in /s/ descriptions in referring to the front or blade of the tongue. This is obviously contrary to American usage in descriptions of /k, g, rj/ as 'dorsovelar'. 38 The term plana, frequently used to describe some /s/ types, does not appear to coincide exclusively with any one category in this Table and should not be taken to mean 'flat' either with reference to tongue position or as synonymous with 'slit' fricative. Plana is, rather, a description of the shape of the tongue as visualized from the side and is in opposition to concave and convexa. Under Redondeada (with a similar entry under the seldom used opposite Alargada) we find the groove-slit (flat) opposition expressed as follows in Lazaro's Diccionario de terminos filologicos: Redondeada (Fricativa). A. [leman] Rillenförmig. Es aquella en cuya articulacion los organos se estrechan formando un canal: s, z, etc., frente a las alargadas*, cuya estrechez tiene forma de hendidura: /, 9. 39 Canfield, La pronunciation, p. 80. 40 Albor, "Observaciones sobre la fonologia del espanol hablado en Narifio", p. 532; and Florez, "El espanol hablado en Colombia y su atlas lingüistico", p. 5.

38

CRITERIA OF ANALYSIS

TABLE L - /x/ The corresponding Index Number will be assigned for each pronunciation heard sometimes or regularly. Index Number

jabon, gente, mujer

LI

[h] heard before any vowel

[hente], [habon]

L2 L3

[x] heard before /a,o,u/ only [xente]; and [x COLOMBIA A14 53 OCCASIONALLY NORTE DE SANTANDER: BOCHALEMA (A9-A16) COSTA R I C A (PARTS)

A14

27

CUBA (PARTSI

A14

27

GUATEMALA SOUTHEAST

A14

27

PANAMA (PARTS)

A14

27

PUERTO RICO

A14

PUERTO R I C O

A14

27

PUERTO RICO ( A L S O A10)

A14

80

9*

PUERTO RICO A14 85 ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y ) ( A L S O A10) PUERTO RICO

A14

104*

PUERTO RICO

A14

105

PUERTO RICO (ALSO AIOI

A14

106

PUERTO RICO A14 AGUAOILLA: AGUADILLA

35

GENERAL

PREDOMINANT GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O ÁÉË 90 P R E D O M I N A N T A R E C I B O : BARCELONETA (ALSO A10)

RURAL

PUERTO R I C O

ALL CLASSES

A14

90

ARECIBO: BARCELONETA (ALSO A10)

FREQUENT

69 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

69 PUERTO RICO A14 ARECIBO: HANATI (ALSO A10) PUERTO RICO A14 117

USAGE

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO A14 40* GUAYAMA: CAYEY IALSO AIO> PUERTO RICO A14 91

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO A14 54 HUMACAO: FAJARDO (ALSO AIOI PUERTO RICO A14 41 PONCE: PONCE ( A L S C A10) PUERTO RICO A14 109

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

GUAYANA: B A R R A N Q U T A S

HUMACAO 1 0 I S T R I T O

SAN JUAN

& CITY)

IALSO A101

(METROPCLITAN AREA)

SOMETIMES (ALSC A10)

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O A14 62 SAN JUAN: BAYAMON (ALSO AIOI

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO A14 SAN JUAN: GUAYNABO (ALSO

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

RARE

ALL C L A S S E S

95 A10)

PUERTO R I C O A14 20 SAN JUAN: SANTURCE (ALSO A10) REP D O M I N I C A N A

A14

27

REP D O M I N I C A N A (ALSO A10)

A14

86

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

KEP D O M I N I C A N A A14 SANTO D C M I N G O ( A L S O A10)

63

PREDOMINANT

ALL

UNITED STATES ARIZONA ( P A R T S »

A14

27

UNITED STATES FLORIDA (PARTS)

A14

27

UNITED STATES A14 NEW M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO

SOME

SPEAKERS

15 SCMETIMES (ALSO A10,A12,A16)

34 A14 UNITED STATES N E W YORK C I T Y ( P U E R T O R I C A N S )

FREQUENT (ALSO A2,A6,A10)

VENEZUELA A14 ( P A R T S OF C O U N T R Y )

56

ARGENTINA A15 ( P A R T S OF N O R T H )

121*

ARGENTINA A15 BORDER A R E A M I T H B O L I V I A

59 (IN EXTREME NORTH)

GENERAL

ARGENTINA A15 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H C H I L E ( I N NORTH O N L Y ) ARGENTINA A15 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H P A R A G U A Y ARGENTINA A15 121* CATAMARCA I SOUTH-CENTRAL! ARGENTINA CHACO

A15

CLASSES

121*

ALL C L A S S E S

70 COUNTRY

I N D E X NC.

AUTHOR

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

A15

27

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ARGENTINA A15 42* GENERAL CORRIENTES (81 LINGUALS-GUARANI)

ILLITERATE

ARGENTINA A15 42* G E N E R A L CORRIENTES (ILLITERATES-GUARANI)

BILINGUALS

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

A15

59

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

A15

76

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

A15

121*

ARGENTINA FORMOSA

A15

121*

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

A15

27

ARGENTINA

HI si ONE s

A15

59

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

A15

121*

ARGENTINA RIOJA ( L A )

A15

27

ARGENTINA A15 SANTA FE ( N O R T H E A S T »

121*

ARGENTINA A15 121* S A N T I A G O DFL E S T E R O {FOUR BORDER AREAS ONLY I BOLIVIA A15 107 SANTA C R U Z : VALLE GRANDE ( P R O V I N C E I CHILE A15 B I O - B I O : LOS ANGELES

UN

CLASE POPULAR GROUP / f a y / »

89*

CAMPESINOS

CHILE A15 89* SOME SPEAKERS B I O - B I O : LOS ANGELES ( A L S O A16I

CULTA

CHILE A15 89* SOME SPEAKERS BIO-BIO: LOS ANGELES ( B U T NOT «VULGO URBANO*&'CLASE M E D I A 1 ) CHILE A15 89* SOME S P E A K E R S B I O - B I O : LOS A N G E L E S ( B U T NOT ·LOS A D V E N E D I Z O S DEL N O R T E * ) CHILE A15 89* B I O - B I O : LOS A N G E L E S : ANTUCO ( C I T Y ) CHILE CAUTIN (PARTS)

A15

8â

RARE

CHILE A15 89* C A U T I N ( P A R T S , E S P . M N T N S , B U T NOT TEMUCO å NUEVA I M P E R I A L * A 1 6 I CHILE MALLECO ( P A R T S t

A15 88 RARE INCLUDING ANGOL)

CHILE A15 89* M A L L E C C (SOME P A R T S , E S P E C I A L L Y CHILE MALLECO: ANGOL

A15

89*

MOUNTAINS) SPORADIC

ALL CLASSES

71 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

CHILE A15 88 RARE MAULE I P A R T S t I N C L U D I N G CAQUENES AND Q U I R I H U E 1 CHILE A15 89* MAULE ( P A R T S , I N C L U D I N G CAQUENES» BUT MUCH OF COAST CHILE A15 MAULE: CAQUENES

IS A 1 6 I

89*

CHILE A15 27 NORTH ( T H I R D AND SOUTHERN T H I R D ) CHILE A15 89* GENERAL NUBLE: C H I L L A N ( E X C E P T SOME OLDER S P E A K E R S ! CHILE NUBLE: C H I L L A N

A15

89*

CHILE A15 NUBLE: Q U I R I H U E

89*

GENERAL

CHILE SOUTH

A15 27 ( T H I R D AND NORTHERN T H I R D )

CHILE TALCA

(PARTS)

A15

YOUNG

SPEAKERS

88

CHILE A15 89* TALCA ( C O A S T å M O U N T A I N S )

RURAL

CHILE A15 89* TALCA: TALCA ( C I T Y ) ( C O E X I S T S W I T H A 1 6 ) COLOMBIA A15 53 SOMETIMES NORTE DE SANTANDER ( P A R T S ) (AI-A16, BUT SEE L l t L 5 FOR / H / l COLOMBIA

A15

53

PARAGUAY

A15

27

PARAGUAY

A15

75*

SOMETIMES

NORTE DE SANTANDER: BOCHALEMA (A9-A16)

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

ARGENTINA A16 121* ( P A R T S OF NORTH, EAST, C E N T R A L ) ARGENTINA A16 121* CATAMARCA ( E X C E P T SOUTH-CENTRAL) ARGENTINA CORDOBA

A16

59

ARGENTINA CORDOBA ( M O S T )

A16

120*

ARGENTINA A16 121* CORDOBA ( A L S O A 1 2 , P A R T S ) ARGENTINA ENTRE R I O S

A16

120*

ARGENTINA A16 121* ENTRE R I O S ( A L S O A 1 2 , PARTS) ARGENTINA A16 121* JUJUY ( A L S O A 3 , A 7 , I N NORTH) ARGENTINA MENOOZA

A16

76

CULTA

72 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

ARGENTINA MENOOZA

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

A16

ARGENTINA A16 MENOOZA: MENOOZA

59

ARGENTINA A16 121* NEUQUEN (NORTH BCRDERMALSO Al2f

PARTS

O F NEUQUEN )

ARGENTINA A16 59 NORTH ( E X C E P T S A N T I A G O DEL E S T E R O t C O R R I E N T E S , M I S I O N E S ) ARGENTINA A16 121* P A M P A ( L A X W E S T B C R O E R M A L S O A12, ARGENTINA RIOJA (LA)

PARTS OF LA P A M P A )

A16 121* ( E X C E P T CENTRAL!

ARGENTINA SALTA

A16

121*

ARGENTINA S A L T A : SALTA

A16

59

ARGENTINA SAN J U A N

A16

121*

ARGENTINA A16 SAN L U I S (RURAL) ARGENTINA SAN L U I S

A16

118 121*

ARGENTINA A16 SAN L U I S : S A N L U I S

59

ARGENTINA A16 SANTA FE I P A R T S )

120*

ARGENTINA TUCUMAN (MOST)

A16

120*

ARGENTINA TUCUMAN

A16

121*

ARGENTINA A16 TUCUMAN: T U C U M A N

59

ARGENTINA WEST

59

A16

GENERAL

CHILE A16 89* ( M U S T OF COUNTRY. SEE A L S O A l l , A 1 2 t A14 t A15, A 1 6 ) CHILE ACONCAGUA

A16

CHILE A16 A C O N C A G U A : LOS A N D E S

88 89*

CHILE A16 89* ACONCAGUA: PETQRCA: LA LIGUA CHILE A16. 89* ACONCAGUA: S A N F E L I P E : P U T A E N D O ( T O W N ) CHILE ARAUCO CHILE ARAUCO:

A16 A16 CANETE: CCNTULMO

88 89*

73 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

A16

88

CHILE BIO-BIO

USAGE

89* CHILE A16 B I O - B I O : LOS ANGELES ( U R B A N I

CHILE A16 BIO-BIO: LOS ANGELES

89*

SPEAKERS

VULGO M I D D L E CLASS

89* CHILE A16 B10-81 0: L O S A N G E L E S ( S E E ALSO A 1 5 1 89* A16 CHILE BIO-BIO: LOS ANGELES (VULGO) A16

CHILE CAUTIN

88

CHILE CAUTIN:

89* A16 I M P E R I A L : NUEVA I M P E R I A L

CHILE CAUTIN!

TEMUCO

CHILE CENTRAL ( T H I R D »

A16

89*

A16

27

CHILE A16 88 CENTRAL (fi SOUTH-CENTRAL) A16

CHILE COLCHAGUA

CHILE A16 COLCHAGUA: SAN FFRNANDO CHILE

A16

CHILE CONCEPCION

A16

88

89* 89* CHIMBARONGO

88

A16 CHILE CONCEPCION: CCNCEPCION

89*

CHILE

89*

CONCEPCION:

A16 TALCAHUANO

A16

88

A16

89*

CHILE CURICO

A16

88

CHILE CURICO

A16

89*

CHILE LINARES

A16

88

CHILE MALLECO

A16

98

CHILE MALLECO ( P A R T S »

A16

È9*

CHILE MAULE

A16

88

CHILE COQUIMBO CHILE COOUIMBOi

OVALLE

URBAN

74 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

CHILE A16 89* MAULE ( P A R T S t I N C L U D I N G MUCH OF COAST) CHILE NU8LE

A16

88

CHILE A16 89* SOMETIMES NUBLE.: C H I L L A N ( N E V E R YOUNGER S P E A K E R S ) CHILE O'HIGGINS

A16

88

CHILE

A16

89*

OLDER SPEAKERS

O ' H I G G I N S : RANCAGUA: SEMELL

CHILE A16 89* O ' H I G G I N S : SAN V I C E N T E DE TAGUA-TAGUA CHILE SANTIAGO CHILE SANTIAGO

A16 A16 ( M I D D L E CLASS)

88 110

CHILE

A16

89*

CHILE TALCA

A16

88

CHILE

A16

89*

CHILE VALDIVIA

A16

88

CHILE VALDIVIA

A16

89*

CHILE VALPARAISO

A16

88

CHILE

A16

89*

CHILE

A16

89*

COLOMBIA

È18

EXCEPT FORMAL

EDUCATED

SANTIAGO: SANTIAGO (CITY å V I C I N I T Y )

TALCA: TALCA ( C I T Y ) (COEXISTS WITH AIS)

VALPARAISO: VALPARAISO (CITY å V I C I N I T Y )

VALPARAISO: VALPARAISO: LIMACHE COLOMBIA A16 53 SOMETIMES NORTE DE SANTANOER (PARTS) (AI-A16, BUT SEE L I , L 5 FOR /.H/l COLOMBIA A16 53 OCCASIONALLY NORTE DE SANTANDER: BOCHALEMA (A9-A16) PANAMA A16 100 OCCASIONALLY CENTRAL PROVINCES (LARGE TOWNS) UNITED STATES A16 74 OCCASIONALLY LOUISIANA: ST. BERNARD PARISH (ALSO A12) UNITED STATES A16 15 SOMETIMES NEW MEXICO: SAN ANTONITO (ALSO A10tAl2,A14) COLOMBIA B18 3 SOMETIMES ALL CLASSES NARINO (NOT INCLUDING COASTAL REGIQN OF TUMACO) 3

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

NARINO: PASTO COLOMBIA B22 3 SOMETIMES ALL CLASSES N A R I N C (NOT INCLUDING COASTAL REGION OF TUMACO)

75 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA N A R I N O : PASTO

822

3

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

COLOMBIA

B26

51

SOME S P E A K E R S

ALL C L A S S E S

MEXICO

B34

MOUNTAINS ( I N C L COR ORIENTAL BUT NOT CALDAS, CHOCO, V A L L E l MEXICO B33 7* SOMETIMES D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I/L8/ NCT S P E C I F . POSSIBLY M I N U S I UNITED STATES 833 116 PREDOMINANT M I C H I G A N : D E T R O I T MEXICANS) COLOMBIA B34 3 SOMETIMES ALL CLASSES N A R I N O : PASTO (ONLY) ( R A R E IN CULTAI 7*

RARE

D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I/LB/ NCT S P E C I F . POSSIBLY M I N U S ) MEXICO »3* 32 R A P I D SPEECH JALISCO

COLOMBIA B38 NARINO: PASTO (ONLY) MEXICO OAXACA

B38

3 SOMETIMES ( R A R E I N CULTAI 6

ALL C L A S S E S

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO 841 7* SOMETIMES D . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO i / L B / N C T S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S ) COLOMBIA MOUNTAINS

B42 51 SOME S P E A K E R S ALL C L A S S E S ( I N C L CCR O R I E N T A L BUT NOT C A L D A S t CHOCO, V A L L E )

COLOMBIA NARINO

842

26

MEXICO 842 7* R A R F D . F . : SANTO T O M A S AJUSCO ( / L B / N C T S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S ) MEXICO 842 32 SQMFTIMFS JALISCO (WORDS SPOKEN IN I S O L A T I O N ) MEXICO YUCATAN

B45

8

SALVADOR ( E L )

B45

24

MEXICO OAXACA

846

6

B46

24

SQMFTIMPS

850

114

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ECUADOR CARC HI

(EL)

PREDOMINANT SOMETIMES (UNCERTAIN) WOMEN

ECUADOR È53 115* GENERAL M O U N T A I N S (SOUTH H A L F , F R O M R I O B A M B A T O L O J A ) ECUADOR CARCHI

854

115*

ECUADOR LOJA

B54

114

SOMETIMES

MEXICO B&5 7* S O M E T I M E S D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO (/LB/ NCT S P F C I F . POSSIBLY M I N U S ) UNITED STATES B65 116 SOMETIMES MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS»

76 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

CHILE B66 SANTIAGO ( M I D D L E CLASSI

AUTHOR

USAGE

110

FORMAL

SPEAKERS EDUCATED

MEXICO È66 7* RARE D . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO < / L 8 / NOT S P E C I F . POSSIBLY M I N U S ) MEXICO GUANAJUATO

B66

19

GENERAL

MEXICO B66 78 VALLE DE M E X I C O (ALSO 8130, CLASE

ALL CLASSES

POPULAR)

MEXICO B66 79 SOMETIMES VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O 870,8130,8134) PERU LIMA

B69

25

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO OAXACA

È70

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO B70 79 VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O 813*»

SOMETIMES

INCULTA

PERU LIMA

FREQUENT

WOMEN

870

25

MEXICO 873 7* SOMETIMES O . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO i / L B / N C T S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S ! MEXICO B74 7* RARE D . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO ( / L B / NOT S P E C I F . POSSIBLY M I N U S ) MEXICO OAXACA

È78

6

{UNCERTAIN)

COLOMBIA 882 3 SOMETIMES ALL CLASSES NARINO (NOT INCLUDING COASTAL REGION OF T MACO) COLOMBIA B82 3 SOMETIMES ALL CLASSES NARINO: PASTO COLOMBIA ÈÈ6 3 SOMETIMES ALL CLASSES NARINO ( N O T INCLUDING COASTAL REGION OF TUMACO)

COLOMBIA

NARINO: PASTO

B86

3

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

COLOMBIA 890 48* BOGOTA ( C I T Y ) ( N O DATA O N / L B / ) COLOMBIA 890 51 SOME SPEAKERS ALL CLASSES M O U N T A I N S ( I N C L COR O R I E N T A L BUT NOT CALDAS, CHOCO, V A L L E )

MEXICO 897 7* D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCQ 1/L8/ COLOMBIA B98 3 NARINO: PASTO (ONLY» (RARE IN MEXICO 898 7* D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO (/LB/ MEXICO 898 32 JALISCO

SOMETIMES NOT SPECIF. POSSIBLY M I N U S ) SOMETIMES ALL CLASSES CULTA) RARE NOT SPFCIF. POSSIBLY M I N U S ) RAPID SPEECH

COLOMBIA 8102 3 SOMETIMES N A R I N O : PASTO ( O N L Y ) ( R A R E I N C U L T A ) MEXICO OAXACA

8102

6

(UNCERTAIN)

ALL CLASSES

77 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

MEXICO B105 7* SOMETIMES D . F . : S A N T O T O M A S A J U S C O ( / L B / NCT S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S » MEXICO Â10Ë 7* RARE Ï . Ã . : S A N T O T O M A S A J U S C Q ( / L 3 / NOT S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S ) MEXICO B106 32 SOMETIMES J A L I S C O ( W O R D S SPOKEN I N I S O L A T I O N ) MEXICO YUCATAN

BL09

SOMETIMES

MEXICO OAXACA

BllO

(UNCERTAIN)

ARGENTINA B113 SANTIAGO DEL ESTFRO ECUADOR CARCHI

B114

ECUADOR B118 AZUAY (NO DATA ON /LB/)

59 IU

SOMETIMES

18*

Biia 18* A Z U A Y : CUENCA ( N O D A T A O N / U B / >

ECUADOR

ECUADOR BOLIVAR

3118 (NO DATA CN /LB/I

ECUADOR 8118 CANAR (NO D A T A ON / L B / )

18* 18*

8118 18* ECUADOR CARCHI ( E X C E P T LA HOYA DEL CHOTAI

ECUADOR CARCHI

B118

115*

(NO DATA ON / L B / )

SOMETIMES

ECUADOR 8118 18* C H I M B RAZOA ( N O DATA ON / L B / ) ECUADOR CUENCA ( C I T Y )

8118

115*

GENERAL

ECUADOR 8118 18* IMBABURA (NO DATA ON /LB/» ECUADOR BH8 LEON ( N O D A T A O N / L B / )

18*

ECUADOR 8118 LOJA ( N O D A T A O N / L B / )

18*

ECUADOR 8118 18* MOUNTAINS (NO DATA ON / L B / ) ECUADOR 8118 11* MOUNTAINS ( E X C E P T LOJA AND C A R C H I ) ECUADOR Â11È 115* G E N E R A L M O U N T A I N S ( N O R T H FROM C U E N C A T O C A R C H I ) ECUADOR B118 18* PICHINCHA (NO DATA ON /L8/) ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

BUB 18* (NO DATA ON / L B / )

ECUADOR BUB. 18* TUNGURAHUA (NO DATA ON /L8/I

78 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

6129 7* SOMETIMES MEXICO O . F . : SANTO TOMAS A J U S C O < / L B / N C T S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S I MEXICO O . F . : SANTO

B130 7* R A R E TOMAS A J U S C O ( / L B / N C T S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S )

MEXICO B130 V A L L E DE M E X I C O

78

C L A S E POPULAR

MEXICO B130 79 SOMETIMES VALLE DE M E X I C O (ALSO B66,B70tB134) CUSTA R I C A B133 96 RARE VALLE C E N T R A L ( A L S O B124 , 8 1 4 1 , 8 1 4 2 ) MEXICO OAXACA

B134

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO B134 79 VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O B70» MEXICO B137 D . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

M I D D L E CLASS

INCULTA

SOMETIMES

7* SOMETIMES (/LB/ NCT SPECIF. POSSIBLY MINUS)

MEXICO B138 7* RARE O . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO ( / L f l / NCT S P E C I F . P O S S I B L Y M I N U S ) CUSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

3141

37

URBAN

COSTA R I C A 8141 96 SOMETIMES VALLE C E N T R A L ( A L S O B 1 3 3 , 8 1 3 4 , 8 1 4 2 )

M I D D L E CLASS

COSTA R I C A 8142 96 SOMETIMES VALLE C E N T R A L ( A L S O 8 1 3 3 , 8 1 3 4 , 8 1 4 1 )

M I D D L E CLASS

MEXICO OAXACA

8142

(UNCERTAIN)

CUBA È160 (ENTIRE CCLNTRY)

SOMETIMES

UNITED STATES B162 15 SOMETIMES NEW MEXICO: SAN A N T O N I T O (ALSO 8194,8226,8258) ECUADOR COAST

È165

115*

CULT A

GENERAL

EXCEPT

ECUADOR È165 18* G U A Y A Q U I L ( C I T Y ) ( N C D A T A ON / L B / I

INCULTA

PUERTO RICO B165 85 SCMETIMES ( E N T I R E CCUNTRY, EXCEPT FREQUENT IN SOUTHWEST) PUERTO R I C O SOUTH ME ST

8165

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO R I C O B165 85 SOMETIMES WEST ( E X C E P T F R E Q U E N T I N SOUTHWEST) CUBA B166 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E & C I T Y ) UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

14

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

B166 14 PREDOMINANT & V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR 3i67 18* C A R C H I : L A H O Y A D E L CHATO ( O N L Y )

(N

NEGROES DATA ON / L B / )

ECUADOR 8167 18* COAST ( E X C E P T G U A Y A Q U I L CULTA AND S E M I C U L T A )

(NO /LB/DATA)

79 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ECUADOR COAST

È167

114

ECUADOR COAST

B167

115*

8167 18* ECUADOR E S M E R A L D A S ( C I T Y AND P R O V I N C E )

USAGE

GENERAL ( N O DATA ON / L 8 / I

ECUADOR B167 18* G U A Y A Q U I L ( C I T Y ! ( N O DATA ON / L B / 1

SPEAKERS

RUSTIC NEGROES INCULTA

ECUADOR B167 18* GUAYAS ( E X C E P T G U A Y A Q U I L CULTA A N D S E M I C U L T A I ( N O / L B / D A T A I ECUADOR B167 18* LOS R I O S (NO D A T A ON / L B / I ECUADOR È167 ÇÁÍÁÈÉ (NO DATA ON / L B / I ECUADOR ORO ( E L I

18*

B167 18* (NO D A T A ON / L B / I

PUERTO R I C O B167 85 SOMETIMES ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, EXCEPT FREQUENT I N SOUTHWEST PUERTO R I C O SOUTHWEST

B167

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO R I C O 8167 85 SOMETIMES WEST ( E X C E P T F R E Q U E N T I N SOUTHWEST! REP D O M I N I C A N A

86

RARE

RURAL

CUBA B168 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E 6 C I T Y )

14

SOME S P E A K E R S

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O 8168 ( E N T I R E CGUNTRYI

85

SOMETIMES

REP DOMINICANA

8168

86

RARE

RURAL

UNITED

B168

14

SOME S P E A K E R S

ALL CLASSES

STATES

8167

FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANSI

VENEZUELA 8168 ( P A R T S OF COUNTRY) NICARAGUA SALVADOR

(EL)

56*

8173

68

GENERAL

B173

24

SOMETIMES

14

OCCASIONALLY

CUBA 81 74 H A V A N A ( P R O V I NCE e C I T Y !

ALL CLASSES

SALVADOR

(EL)

8174

22*

SALVADOR

(EL)

B174

23*

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

B174

24

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

B174

24

FREQUENT

WOMEN

B174

14

OCCASIONALLY

ALL C L A S S E S

COLOMBIA 8175 COAST ( A L S O B239I

26

SOMETIMES

UNITED STATES

FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

80 AUTHOR

USAGE

PUERTO RICO I MOST OF COUNTRY)

96

SOHETIMES

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

8176

50

CUBA B176 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY»

61

SOMETIMES

CUBA HAVANA

14

SOME

96

SOMETIMES

COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

B176 I PROVINCE t C I T Y I

PUERTO RICO B176 I MOST OF C O U N T R Y )

U N I T E D STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

SPEAKERS

14 SOME SPEAKERS B176 i V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

ECUADOR 8181 GUAYAQUIL ( C I T Y )

67

ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

B193

59

ARGENTINA LITORAL

8193

59

ARGENTINA SANTA FE

8193 ROSARIO

38

ARGENTINA SOUTH

Bi 93

59

ALWAYS

SPEAKERS

ALL CLASSES

ALL CLASSES

ALL CLASSES

8194 15 SOMETIMES UNITED STATES NEW M E X I C O : S A N ANTONITO ( A L S O B 1 6 2 , 8 2 2 6 , B 2 5 8 ) PANAMA B197 CENTRAL PROVINCES

100

B197

25

FREQUENT

YOUNG SPEAKERS

25

FREQUENT

WOMEN

GENERAL

RURAL

PERU LIMA PERU LIMA

Â19È ( Y O U N G E R SPEAKERS)

ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

B199

ARGENTINA B199 R I O D E L A PLATA R E G I O N

PANAMA CENTRAL

B199 PROVINCES

UNITED STATESST. LOUISIANA:

EDUCATED

76 76 100

8199 BERNARD PARISH

PREDOMINANT (ALSO B263)

UNITED STATES B226 15 SOMETIMES NEW M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO ( A L S O B162 t 8194,B258I PUERTO RICO 8229 85 SOMETIMES ( E N T I R E COUNTRY« EXCEPT FREQUENT IN MOUNTAINS OF WEST K SW) PUERTO R I C O B229 85 FREQUENT MOUNTAINS ( W E S T AND SOUTHWEST) PUERTO R I C O WEST

8231

REP D O M I N I C A N A 8231 ( A L S O 6167,8168,8232)

85

FREQUENT

86

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

81 COUNTRY

INDEX

NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

PUERTO RICO EAST

B232

85

FREQUENT

REP D O M I N I C A N A

È232

86

RARE

SPEAKERS

RURAL

VENEZUELA B232 ( P A R T S OF C O U N T R Y )

56*

COLOMBIA COASTS (BOTH)

B238

51

COLOMBIA B239 COAST ( A L S O B175)

26

SOMETIMES

PUERTO R I C O B239 (MOST OF COUNTRY)

96

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

B2tO

50

INCULTA

COLOMBIA COASTS ( B O T H )

È2Ì)

51

INCULTA

PUERTO R I C O B240 ( M O S T OF COUNTRY)

96

CULTA

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA B241 59 BORDER AREA K I T H B O L I V I A t IN EXTREME NORTH) ARGENTINA B2*l 59 BORDER AREA W I T H C H I L E IN NORTH IONLY> ARGENTINA B2*l 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H PARAGUAY ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

B241

59

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

B241

59

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

B243

50

ARGENTINA CORDOBA

B257

59

ARGENTINA 8257 MENOOZA: MENOOZA

59

RUSTIC

ARGENTINA B257 59 NORTH ( E X C E P T SANTIAGO D E L E S T E R O t C O R R I E N T E S «

ARGENTINA SALTA: SALTA ARGENTINA

B257

59

SAN LUIS: SAN LUIS

B257

59

ARGENTINA B257 TUCUMAN: TUCUMAN

59

ARGENTINA WEST

59

B257

CHILE È258 SANTIAGO ( M I D D L E CLASS)

110

EXCEPT FORMAL

UNITED S T A T E S Â25È 15 SOMETIMES NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O ( A L S O B l 6 2 t B 1 9 4 , B 2 2 6 )

MISIONES)

EDUCATED

82 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY ARGENTINA MENOOZA

«261

AUTHOR

USAGE

76

PANAMA È261 100 C E N T R A L PROVINCES ( L A R G E TOWNS) CHILE SANTIAGO

9262 ( M I D D L E CLASS)

SPEAKERS

110

EDUCATED SUBSTANDARD

EDUCATED

UNITED STATES B263 74 OCCASIONALLY L O U I S I A N A : S T . B E R N A R D P A R I S H ( A L S O B199) ARGENTINA

Cl

76

ARGENTINA Cl ( A L S O C2 R U S T I C )

121

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Cl

12

SOMETIMES

SEMILITERATE

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Cl

12

SOMETIMES

ILLITERATE

ARGENTINA Cl SAN L U I S (RURAL)

118

ARGENTINA Ci SANTA F E : R O S A R I O 0

38

BOLIVIA Cl ( P A R T S OF SOUTHWEST»

27

Cl

BOLIVIA

SOMETIMES PREDOMINANT

CULTA GENERAL

E X C E P T INCULTA

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

28

CHILE Cl 88 ( F R O M V A L O I V I A THRU C H I L O E )

CHILE Cl 88 CULTA ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y » BUT A L L C L A S S E S FROM V A L O I V I A THRU C H I L O E I CHILE Cl ( V E R Y L E N I S /O/)

89

GENERAL

CULTA

CHILE CHILOE

Cl

88

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

CHILE LLANQUIHUE

Cl

88

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

CHILE MAGALLANES

Cl

88

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

CHILE OSORNU

Cl

88

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

CHILE VALOIVIA

Cl

88

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

Cl

50

FREQUENT

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

44 Cl SOMETIMES MONTERIA (£ VICINITY)

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR;

Cl 44 SOMETIMES SINCELEJO (C V I C I N I T Y )

COLOMBIA Cl BORDER A R E A W I T H ECUADOR

27

83 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

COLOMBIA N A R I N O (NOT

AUTHOR

Cl 3 I N C L U D I N G COASTAL

CI

COLOMBIA NARINO

Cl SANTANDER

ALWAYS R E G I O N OF TU*ACO)

SPEAKERS ALL CLASSES

26

COLOMBIA Cl NARINO (MOUNTAIN PART) COLOMBIA N O R T F OF

USAGE

51

ALL C L A S S E S

53 GENERAL ( E N T I R E DEPARTAMENTO»

COLOMBIA SANTANDER

Cl

52

COSTA R I C A GUANACASTE

Cl

2

ALWAYS

COSTA R I C A VALLF C E N T R A L

Cl

2

OCCASIONALLY

COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

Cl

37

COSTA R I C A 96 Cl VALLE C E N T R A L ( L E N I S / D / l

SOMETIMES

INCULTA

URBAN PREDOMINANT

CUBA Cl ( E N T I R E COUNTRY!

61

SOMETIMES

CUBA Cl HAVANA (PROVINCE S C I T Y )

I**

PREDOMINANT

ECUADOR COAST

Cl

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

IB

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

28

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

11«

ALWAYS

115

GENERAL

ECUADOR Cl M O U N T A I N S ( V E R Y STRONG

ALL C L A S S E S

M I D D L E CLASS

ALL C L A S S E S CULT A

/O/)

GUATEMALA MEXICO

Cl Cl

28

MEXICO

Cl

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

Cl

28 70

27 ( P A R T S O F C E N T R A L , W E S T , AND N O R T H W E S T )

MEXICO Cl D.F. : S A N T O TOMAS A J U S C O MEXICO Cl DISTRITO FEDERAL

19

Cl

29

MEXICO JALISCO

INCULTA

84 COUNTRY

I N O E X NO.

AIJTH

MEXICO JALISCO

Cl

32

MEXICO OAXACA

Cl

6

MEXICO Cl VALLE OE M E X I C O

19

USAGE PREDOMINANT

78 MEXICO Cl V A L L E OE M E X I C O ( A L S O C 2 I

GENERAL

79 MEXICO Cl VALLE OE M E X I C O {ALSO C 2 1

PREDOMINANT

NICARAGUA

Cl

SPEAKERS

68

PANAMA Cl 100 FREQUENT EDUCATED CENTRAL P R O V I N C E S ( L A R G E TOWNS t SECONDARY E D U C A T I O N ) PERU Cl 27 ( P A R T S OF SOUTH, C E N T R A L » AND N O R T H - C E N T R A L »

Cl

PERU

28

PUERTO R I C O Cl AGUADILLA: AGUADILLA

35

FREQUENT

PUERTO R I C O Cl ARECI60: BARCELONETA

90

PREDOMINANT

PUERTO R I C O Cl GUAYAMAl BARRANOUITAS

117

ALL C L A S S E S

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O Cl HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T C

å CITY»

91

GENERAL

CLASE POPULAP

PUERTO R I C O Cl HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O

å CITY»

91

PREDOMINANT

PUSTIC

GENERAL

CULTA

PREDOMINANT

ALL

109 PUERTO R I C O Cl SAN JUAN {METROPOLITAN AREA»

RARE

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O Cl SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

62

PREDOMINANT

ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO RICO Cl SAN J U A N : G U A Y N A 8 0

95

PREDOMINANT

ALL

CLASSES

REP D O M I N I C A N A

Cl

57

GENERAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

Cl

86

RARE

91 PUERTO RICO Cl HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O € C I T Y ! PUERTO RICO

HUMACAO: VIEQUES

Cl

33

CLASSES

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A Cl 63 PREDOMINANT SANTO D O M I N G O { S O M E T I M E S OTHER C L A S S E S )

CULTA

REP DOMINICANA Cl 63 SOMETIMES SANTO D O M I N G O ( P R E D O M I N A N T C U L T A )

EXCEPT CULTA

SALVADOR ( E L ) U N I T E D STATES (»SOFTLY»)

Cl Cl

24 93

PREDOMINANT

85 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

UNITED STATES

Cl

AUTHOR 1*

USAGE PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

GENERAL

CULTA

FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

UNITED STATES Cl 34 NEW YORK C I T Y (PUERTO R I C A N S )

SPEAKERS

URUGUAY MONTEVIDEO

Cl

83

ARGENTINA

C2

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

C2

121

SOMETIMES

RUSTIC

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

C2

12

SOMETIMES

ILLITERATE

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

C2

12

SOMETIMES

SEMIL ITERATE

ARGENTINA C2 118 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L ) (ALSO CD ARGENTINA SANTA FE:

PREDOMINANT

C2 38 GENERAL R O S A R I 0 ( « C O N S I D E R A D A MUY V U L G A R · )

BOLIVIA C2 107 ALWAYS SANTA C R U Z : VALLE GRANDE ( P R O V I N C E )

VULGO C L A S E POPULAR

CHILE C2 EXCEPT CULTA 88 GENERAL ( E N T I R E COUNTRY EXCEPT FROM V A L O I V I A THRU C H I L O E ) CHILE C2 88 FAMILIAR CULTA ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, EXCEPT FROM V A L D I V I A THRU C H I L O E ) CHILE

C2

89

COLOMBIA

C2

43

COLOMBIA

C2

47

COLOMBIA

C2

48

FAMILIAR

ALL CLASSES GENERAL

COLOMBIA C2 51 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY* E X C E P T N A R I N O M O U N T A I N S )

COLOMBIA C2 A N T I O Q U I A : REMEDIOS COLOMBIA C2 A N T I O O U I A : SEGOVIA

46

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

50

C2

COLOMBIA C2 BOLIVAR: MONTERIA (£

C2

COLOMBIA C2 MAGDALENA: RIO DE ORO

ALL CLASSES

46 FREQUENT

44 FREQUENT VICINITY)

COLOMBIA C2 82 GENERAL BOLIVAR: SAN B A S I L I O DE PALENQUE COLOMBIA C2 44 FREQUENT BOLIVAR: SINCELEJO u V I C I N I T Y ) COLOMBIA CHOCO ( E L )

ALL CLASSES

NEGROES

45

108

COLOMBIA C2 NEVER ALL CLASSES N A R I N O ( N O T I N C L U D I N G COASTAL R E G I O N O F T U M A C O )

86 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

COLOMBIA C2 SANTANOER ( A L S O CD

AUTHOR 52

USAGE PREDOMINANT

SPEAKERS INCULTA

COLLOQUIAL

C2

1 2

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

C2

2

FREQUENT

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

C2

96

OCCASIONALLY

CUBA C2 ( E N T I R E COUNTRri

61

SOMETIMES

CUBA C2 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E fiCITYJ

U

OCCASIONALLY

ECUADOR COAST

C2

18

VULGO

ECUADOR COAST

C2

18

SEMICULTA

ECUADOR COAST

C2

114

ECUADOR COAST

C2

115

GENERAL

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

C2

114

NEVER

MEXICO

C2

113

GENERAL

MEXICO COAST

C2

70

MEXICO GUANAJUATO

C2

19

GENERAL

MEXICO C2 JALISCO ( R A P I D SPEECH)

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO C2 V A L L E DE M E X I C O

78

RAHE

MEXICO C2 VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

RARE

PANAMA

C2

58

PANAMA C2 CENTRAL PROVINCES

100

COSTA R I C A

C2

COSTA R I C A GUANACASTE

NEVER

PREDOMINANT

PERU

C2

13

GENERAL

PERU LIMA

C2

25

GENERAL

PUERTO R I C O

C2

85

PUERTO RICO

C2

104

PUERTO R I C O

C2

105

PUERTO R I C O

C2 AGUADILLA: AGUADILLA

35

SOMETIMES

M I D D L E CLASS

ALL CLASSES

ALL CLASSES

ALL CLASSES

ALL CLASSES

87 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

PUERTO RICO C2 ARECIBO: BARCELONETA

USAGE

90

SOMETIMES

91 PUERTO R I C O C2 HUMACAO ( 0 1 S T R I T O t C I T Y )

PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE

SPEAKERS

AUTHOR

OCCASIONALLY

RUSTIC

PREDOMINANT

YOUNG S P E A K E R S ALL C L A S S E S

Ã. 2

PUERTO RICO C2 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA) PUERTO RICO C2 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO C2 SAN JUAN: GUAYNABQ

95

SQMETIMES

REP D O M I N I C A N A C2 ( « S I G N O OE I N C U L T U R A ' I

57

INCULTA

86 PREDOMINANT C2 63 PREDOMINANT REP D O M I N I C A N A C2 SANTO D O M I N G O ( O C C A S I O N A L L Y C U L T A 1

RURAL

REP O O M I N I C A N A C2 63 OCCASIONALLY SANTO D O M I N G O ( P R E D O M I N A N T OTHER C L A S S E S )

CULTA

REP DOMINICANA

SALVADOR ( E L ) UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

E X C E P T CULTA

SOMETIMES

C2

C2 14 OCCASIONALLY ALL CLASSES V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS) (ALSO SPORADIC RAPIOI

U N I T E D STATES C2 74 L O U I S I A N A : ST. BERNARD PARISH U N I T E D STATES C2 NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O

15

UNITED STATES C2 34 N E W YORK C I T Y ( P U E R T O R I C A N S )

ALWAYS FREQUENT

VENEZUELA

C2

56

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

C3

12

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA C3 SANTA F F : R O S A R I O

38

SCHOOL I N F L

ILLITERATE

ALL

CLASSES

89 NEVER C3 CUBA C3 14 SCHOOL INFL ( A L S O SPORADIC I N R A P I D S P E E C H ) CHILE

CUBA C3 HAVANA (PROVINCE å C I T Y 1

14 SCHOOL INFL ( A L S O SPORADIC I N R A P I D S P E E C H )

MEXICO C3 27 BORDER A R E A W I T H A R I Z O N A A N D C A L I F O R N I A MEXICO C3 D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

SCHOOL

INFL

MEXICO C3 19 AFFECTED EDUCATED G U A N A J U A T O ( V E R Y COMMON I N E D U C A T E D CULTA O N L Y ) MEXICO JALISCO

C3

32

NEVER

88 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

USAGE

78 FREQUENT MEXICO C3 VALLE DE M E X I C O (NON-AFFECTED IN I N C U L T A AND

SPEAKERS OLDER S P E A K E R S SEMICULTA)

MEXICO C3 78 SOME S P E A K E R S CLASE V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( N O N - A F F E C T E D I N OLDER S P E A K E R S »

POPULAR

MEXICO C3 V A L L E DE M E X I C O

79

SOMETIMES

CULT A

PARAGUAY

75

AFFECTED

CULT A

91 PUERTO R I C O C3 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O G C I T Y )

AFFECTED

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O C3 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

OCCASIONALLY

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO C3 109 S A N JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

NEVER

YOUNG

PUERTO RICO C3 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

AFFECTED

PUERTO R I C O C3 SAN J U A N : G U A Y N A 8 0

95

AFFECTED

PUERTO RICO C3 SAN J U A N : S A N T U R C E

20

AFFECTED

UNITED STATES

C3

93

U N I T E D STATES ARIZONA

C3

27

C3

33

BILINGUAL S

U N I T E D STATES C3 CALIFORNIA (SOUTHERN)

27

UNITED STATES

I* SCHOOL INFL (CUBANS)

C3

FLORIDA: MIAMI å vici NITY

UNITED STATES C3 NEU M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO

15

SPEAKERS

SOMETIMES

34 UNITED STATES C3 N E W YORK C I T Y ( P U E R T O R I C A N S )

AFFECTED

EDUCATED

ARGENTINA SANTA FE:

NEVER

ALL C L A S S E S

FREQUENT

CLASE

CHILE CHILOE CHILE CHILOE

C4 ROSARI 0

38

C4

88

C4

89

POPULAR

COLOMBIA C4 NEVER ALL C L A S S E S N A R I N O ( N O T I N C L U D I N G COASTAL R E G I O N OF T U M A C O ) CUBA C4 61 SOMETIMES ( E N T I R E COUNTRY) CUBA C4 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E C C I TY)

14

OCCASIONALLY

EXCEPT

CUBA C4 H A V A N A ( P R O V I N C E £ CI T Y )

14

SPORADIC

CULT A

7

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

C4

CULTA

89 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

MEXICO JALISCO

C4

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO OAXACA

C4

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO YUCATAN

C4

8

PREDOMINANT

PUERTO R I C O

C4

96

SOMETIMES

PUERTO R I C O GUAYAMA: CAYEY

C4

to

SOMETIMES

C4 PUERTO R I C O 91 HUHACAO I D I S T R I T O £ C I T Y )

NEVER

C4 PUERTO R I C O 109 S A N JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

NEVER

SPEAKERS

ALL CLASSES

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

C4 UNITED STATES 14 OCCASIONALLY FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS! UNITED STATES å C4V I C I N I T Y 1* S P O R A D I C FLORIDA: MIAMI (CUBANS) UNITED STATES C4 116 N E V E R M I C H I G A N : DETROIT «MEXICANS)

CULT A

ARGENTINA C5 SANTA F E : R O S A R I 0

ALL CLASSES

COLOMBIA N A R I N O (NO T

38

NEVER

EXCEPT

CULTA

C5 3 NEVER ALL CLASSES I N C L U D I N G COASTAL R E G I O N OF TUMACO)

61

SOMETIMES

CUBA C5 HAVANA (PROVINCE å C I T Y )

14

OCCASIONALLY

E X C E P T CULTA

CUBA C5 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E å C I T Y )

14

SPORADIC

CULTA

MEXICO JALISCO

C5

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO OAXACA

C5

6

MEXICO C5 VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

CUBA (ENTIRE

COUNTRY)

C5

FREQUENT SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN

C5

8

PUERTO R I C O

C5

96

SOMETIMES

PUERTO RICO C5 OUAYAMA: CAYEY

40

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O C5 HUMACAO: FAJARDO

54

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O C5 SAN JUAN: B A Y A M O N

62

SOMETIMES

UNITED

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

STATES

C5

FLORIDA: MIAMI å VICINITY

PREDOMINANT

EXCEPT CULTA

90 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

C5

14

U N I T E D STATES

USAGE SPORADIC

FLORIDA: MIAMI t VICINITY (CUBANS)

UNITED S T A T E S C5 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS!

NEVER

ARGENTINA C6 SANTA F E : R O S A R I O

NEVER

COLOMBIA C6 N A R I N O (NOT INCLUDING COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

38

SPEAKERS CULT A

ALL CLASSES

3 NEVER ALL C L A S S E S COASTAL REGION OF TJMACO)

C6

96

SPORADIC

CUBA C6 (ENTIRE COUNTRY)

61

SOMETIMES

CUBA C6 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E å C I T Y )

14

OCCASIONALLY

EXCEPT

CUBA C6 HAVANA (PROVINCE å C I T Y )

14

SPORADIC

CULT A

MEXICO JALISCO

C6

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO OAXACA

C6

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO YUCATAN

C6

8

PREDOMINANT

PUERTO RICO

C6

96

SOMETIMES

90

NEVER

PUERTO R I C O C6 ARECIBO: BARCELONETA

C6 PUERTO RICO 91 H U M A C A O ( I H S T R I T O t C I T Y )é

OCCASIONALLY

M I D D L E CLASS

CULTA

RUSTIC

U N I T E D STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

14 C6 OCCASIONALLY å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

E X C E P T CULTA

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

C6 14 SPORADIC å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS»

CULTA

UNITED STATES C6 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS)

NEVER

ARGENTINA 01 SANTA F E : « O S A R I 0

38

ALWAYS

ALL Ct A S S E S

01 CHILE (DATA INCOMPLETE)

89*

GENERAL

EDUCATED

CHILE SANTIAGO

01 (MIDDLE CLASS)

COLOMBIA N A R I N O (NOT

HO

ALWAYS Dl ALL C L A S S E S INCLUDING COASTAL PEGION OF TJMACO)

ECUADOR Dl GUAYAQUIL ( C I T Y )

67

MEXICO

Dl

27

MEXICO GUANAJUATO

Dl

GENERAL GENERAL

91 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

MEXICO JALISCO

01

AUTHOR USAGE 32 PREDOMINANT

01 78 MEXICO V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O 05,08)

GENERAL

100

GENERAL GENERAL

PANAMA 01 CENTRAL PROVINCES PERU LIMA

01

25

PERU LIMA

01

27

SPEAKERS

RURAL

85 PUERTO RICO 01 REP DOMINICANA 01 86 74 UNITED STATES 01 L O U I S I A N A : ST. B E R N A R D P A R I S H 01 116 UNITED STATES MICHIGAN: OCTROI T ( M E X I C A N S I

RURAL

UNITED STATES 01 NEW M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO

15

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

37

SOMETIMES

URBAN

14

OCCASIONALLY

ALL CLASSES

02

CUBA 02 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E å C I T Y ) MEXICO JALISCO

02

INCULTA

29

32 FORMAL MEXICO 02 J A L I S C O I • M E D I O - O C L U S I V A · I N MORDS I N

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI ARGENTINA COSTA RICA VALLE CENTRAL

02 å VICINITY 03 03

ISOLATION)

1* OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS) 76

SOMETIMES

37

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

URBAN

03 14 OCCASIONALLY HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E å C I T Y ) 03 UNITED STATES 14 OCCASIONALLY FLORIDA: MIAMI V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

04 COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL CUBA 04 HAVANA (PROVINCE & C I T Y )

37

SOMETIMES

URBAN

14

OCCASIONALLY

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O 04 HUMACAO: VIEQUES

33

CUBA

PUERTO RICO 04 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

ALL CLASSES

YOUNG SPEAKERS

04 ALL CLASSES 14 OCCASIONALLY å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS) COLOMBIA 05 3 NEVER ALL CLASSES N A R I N O (NOT I N C L U D I N G COASTAL R E G I O N OF TUMACOI

92 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

D5

COSTA K I C A VALLE CENTRAL

CUBA 05 HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E C C I T Y )

GENFRAL

URBAN

14

OCCASIONALLY

ALL C L A S S E S

6

MEXICO 05 VALLE OE M E X I C O

78

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI ARGENTINA COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

t

05 VICINITY

SPEAKERS

37

O1»

MEXICO OAXACA

USAGE

FREQUENT SOMETIMES

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS»

ALL CLASSES

6

76

SOMETIMES

06

37

SOMETIMES

URBAN

14

OCCASIONALLY

ALL C L A S S E S

CUBA 06 HAVANA (PROVINCE å C I T Y )

06 32 FORMAL MEXICO J A L I S C O ( « M E O I O - O C L U S I V A « IN WORDS IN I S O L A T I O N ) 06 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIArtl å VICINITY

14

OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS»

ARGENTINA

07

76

BOLIVIA

07

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

07

27

MEXICO 07 D . F . : SANTO T O M A S A J U S C O

07

MEXICO OAXACA

PUERTO R I C O 07 GUAYAMA: B A R R A N Q U I T A S

ALL C L A S S E S

SOMETIMES

7

SOMETIMES

6

FREQUENT

117

PUERTO RICO 07 SAN JUAN: GUAYNABO

95

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

07

63

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

07 34 UNITED STATES NEW YORK C I T Y ( P U E R T O R I C A N S ) BOLIVIA

08

COLOMBIA N A R I N O (NOT

D8

MEXICO D . F . : SANTO

MEXICO

ALL C L A S S E S NEVER R E G I O N OF T U M A C O )

27 7

SOMETIMES

08

6

FREQUENT

08

78

D8 TOMAS A J U S C O

MEXICO OAXACA MEXICO V A L L E DE

27

08 3 INCLUDING COASTAL

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

93 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

BOLIVIA

09

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

09

27

D9 MEXICO D . F . : S A N T O TOMA S A J U S C O 09

MEXICO OAXACA

USAGE

7

SOMETIMES

6

FREQUENT

SPEAKERS

BOLIVIA 013 EAST-CENTRAL (PART)

27

COLOMBIA

013

26

COLOMBIA

013

27

COLOMBIA 013 ( M O S T OF C O U N T R Y l

28

COLOMBIA 013 ( E N T I R E COUNTRYl

51

GENERAL

CULTA

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

013

96

PREDOMINANT

MIDDLE CLASS

GUATEMALA SOUTH ( H A L F )

013

27

HONDURAS

D13

27

HONDURAS

013

28

MEXICO YUCATAN

D13

8

NICARAGUA

013

27

NICARAGUA

D13

28

NICARAGUA

013

68

GENERAL

PUERTO RICO

D13

96

FREQUENT

PREDOMINANT

SALVADOR ( E L ) 013 22* ( S E M I V O W E L S NOT M E N T I O N E D ) SALVADOR ( E L ) 013 23* ( S E M I V O W E L S NOT ME NT I O N E D » (EL)

D13

24

SALVADOR ( E L )

D13

27

SALVADOR

D13

28

ARGENTINA

El

76

ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

El

59

ARGENTINA LITORAL

El

59

ARGENTINA SOUTH

El

59

SALVADOR

41

FREQUENT

UNIV

PUERTO R I C O F2 SAN J U A N : B A V A M O N

62

OCCASIONALLY

CULTA

PUERTO R I C O F2 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

FREQUENT

EXCEPT CULTA

PUERTO R I C O GUAYAMA: CAYEY

F2

CLASSES

STUDENTS

FREQUENT PUERTO RICO F2 95 SAN J U A N : G U A Y N A B O ( A L S O F l , F 3 »

ALL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

RURAL

F2

86

REP D O M I N I C A N A F2 63 SANTO D O M I N G O ( I N T E R V O C A L I C )

RARE PREDOMINANT

CLASSES

103 I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SALVADOR ( E L I

F2

22

SOMFTIMES

SALVADOR ( E L )

F2

23

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ( E L I (ALSO FU

F2

24

FREQUENT

COUNTRY

UNITED STATES F2 14 OCCASIONALLY FLORIDA: M I A M I & V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

UNITED STATES F2 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S ) U N I T E D STATES F2 34 N€W YORK C I T Y ( P U E R T O « I C A N S »

SPEAKERS

ALL C L A S S E S

SOMETIMES PREDOMINANT ( INTERVOCALIC)

ALL C L A S S E S

CHILE F3 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY)

88

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA F3 (ENTIRE CCUNTRY)

51

SOMETIMES

CULT A

COLOMBIA SAN T A N D E R

F3

52

SPORADIC

INCULTA

GUATEMALA

F3

94

SOMETIMES

MEXICO JALISCO

F3

29

MEXICO F3 J A L I S C O ( SOUTH)

32

INCULTA

FREQUENT

MEXICO . F3 32 FREQUENT J A L I S C O : I N G E N I O DE SAN MARCOS MEXICO F3 JALISCO: TUXPAN

32

MEXICO YUCATAN

F3

8

PUERTO R I C O

F3

85

FREQUENT OCCAS IONALLY U N I V STUDENTS

FREQUENT PUERTO RICO F3 35 AGUADILLA: A G U A D I L L A (ALSO F2)

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO F3 69 ARECIBO: MANATI (ALSO F1,F2)

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O P O N C E : PONCE

41

FREQUENT

U N I V STUDENTS

62

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

F3 (ALSO F2)

PUERTO RICO F3 SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

FREQUENT PUERTO R I C O F3 95 SAN J U A N : G U A Y N A B O ( A L S O F 1 . F 2 )

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO F3 20 SAN J U A N : SANTURCE (ALSO Fl)

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

REP D O M I N I C A N A

F3

86

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

F3

22

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ( E L )

F3

23

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

F4

76

104 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ARGENTINA

F4

120

GENERAL

CAMPES1NOS

ARGENTINA

F4

120

FREQUENT

CLASE POPULAR

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

F4

12

SEMILITERATE

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

F4

12

ILLITERATE

ARGENTINA F4 42 GENERAL CORRIENTES (BILINGUALS-GUARANI)

ILLITERATE

ARGENTINA F4 42 GENERAL CORRIENTES (ILLITERATES-GUARANII ARGENTINA F4 120 RARE INTERIOR

BILINGUAL S

ARGENTINA RURAL

F4

121

ARGENTINA F4 SAN L U I S (RURAL)

11È

ARGENTINA F4 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L )

118

CULT A

RUSTIC RARE

BOLIVIA F4 107 SANTA C R U Z : VALLE GRANDE ( P R O V I N C E )

CULT A CLASE POPULAR

CLASE POPULAR

CHILE

F4

CHILE

F4

88 89

COLOMBIA

F4

43

GENERAL

VULGO

COLOMBIA F4 (MUCH OF COUNTRY)

51

SOMETIMES

INCULTA

COLOMBIA F4 ANTIOGUIA: REMEOIOS COLOMBIA F4 ANTIOQUIA: SEGOVIA

46

COLOMBIA BOYACA

F4

43

VULGO

COLOMBIA CAUCA ( E L )

F4

47

RURAL

COLOMBIA CHOCO ( E L ) COLOMBIA CHOCO ( E L )

F4

47

RURAL

F4

48

46

COLOMBIA F4 47 COAST ( P A C I F I C , R U R A L A R E A S ) COLOMBIA MAGOALFNA

F4

COLOMBIA F4 MAGOALFNA: RIO DE ORO COLOMBIA NARINO

F4

NEGROES

43 108

47

VULGO SOMETIMES RURAL

105 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

COLOMBIA FA 53 FREQUENT NORTE DE SANTANDER (ALSO F2.F5) COLUMBIA SANTANDER

FA

A3

COLOMBIA SANTANDER

FA

52

COLOMBIA TOLIMA

FA

A3

COSTA R I C A

FA

L

COSTA R T C A VALLE C E N T R A L

FA

2

COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

FA 96 ( A L S O F2 ,F5I

SPEAKERS INCULTA VULGO

FREQUENT

INCULTA VULGO

GENERAL

CAMPESINOS CAMPEStNOS

FREQUENT

OLDER S P E A K E R S

ECUADOR

FA

11A

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

ECUADOR AZUAY

FA

115

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

ECUADOR A Z U A Y : CUENCA

FA

115

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR CANAR

FA

115

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR COAST

FA

18

RURAL

ECUADOR COAST

FA

1È

VULGO

ECUADOR COAST « P A R T S »

FA

115

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

FA

IS

VULGC

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

FA

18

RURAL

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

FA

115

GUATEMALA

FA

9A

SOMETIMES

INDIANS

GUATEMALA

FA

9A

SOMETIMES

RURAL

MEXICO

FA

113

MEXICO GUANAJUATO

FA

19

FREQUENT

E X C E P T CULTA

MEXICO JA L I SC 0

FA

32

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

FA MEXICO VALLE OE M E X I C O

78

FREQUENT

E X C E P T CULTA

INDIANS

FA FREQUENT MEXICO 79 EXCEPT CULTA V A L L F D E M E X I C O ( C U L T A HAS BI L A B I A L B F F O R E / W / ) MEXICO YUCATAN

FA

8

SOMFT IMFS

106 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

PANAMA FA CENTRAL PROVINCES PERU

FA

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS INCULTA

100 13

CAMPESINOS PUERTO RICO FA 35 A G U A O I L L A t A G U A D I L L A f E S P E C I A L L Y IN FORMS OF « I R * ) REP O O M I N I C A N A

FA

57

RARE

REP O O M I N I C A N A SANTO DOMINGO

F*

63

RARE

SALVADOR

(EL)

FA

22

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ( E L )

FA

23

SOMETIMES

UNITED STATES

FA

93

CLASE

POPULAR

UNITED STATESST. BERNARD FA 7 A NEVER LOUISIANA: PARISH UNITED STATES FA 116 SOMETIMES MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS) UNITED STATES FA 15 NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O (IN GROUP / F H E / O N L Y ) COLOMBIA

F5

A3

GENERAL

VULGO

COLOMBIA F5 (MUCH OF COUNTRY)

51

SOMETIMES

INCULTA

COLOMBIA F5 ANTIOQUIA: RE MEDIOS COLOMBIA F5 ANTIOQUIA: SEGOVIA

A6 GENERAL

VULGO

COLOMBIA BOYACA

F5

A6 A3

COLOMBIA F5 53 FREQUENT NORTE DE SANTANDER ( A L S O F 2 , F A )

INCULTA

COLOMBIA SANTANDER

F5

52

FREQUENT

INCULTA

COSTA R I C A

FS

l

GENERAL

CAMPESINOS

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

F5

2

CAMPESINOS

COSTA R I C A F5 96 VALLE C E N T R A L ( A L S O F 2 . F A )

FREQUENT

OLDER

ECUADOR AZUAY

F5

115

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

ECUADOR A Z U A Y : CUENCA

F5

115

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S -

ECUADOR CANAR

F5

115

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

ECUADOR COAST

F5

18

VULGO

ECUADOR COAST

F5

18

RURAL

SPEAKERS

107 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ECUADOR COAST ( P A R T S »

F5

115

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F5

IB

VULGO

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F5

18

RURAL

ECUADOR

F5

115

F5

94

S O M E T IMPS

INDIANS

F5

94

SOMETIMES

RURAL

74

NFVER

MOUNTAINS GUATEMALA GUATEMALA UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST,

F5

BERNARD

ARGENTINA GI I P A R T S OF NORTH)

PARISH

INDIANS

121

ARGENTINA Gl 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A U N E X T R E M E N O R T H !

59 ARGENTINA Gl BORDER A R E A W I T H C H I L E ( I N NORTH O N L Y » ARGENTINA Gl 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H P A R A G U A Y ARGENTINA Gl 4 BORDER A R E A S W I T H P A R A G U A Y ARGENTINA CATAMARCA

Gl

ARGENTINA Gl CATAMARCA ( W E S T » PARTS)

27

120

ARGENTINA 121 Gl CATAMARCA (SOUTH-CENTRALI ARGENTINA CHACO ( P A R T )

Gl

4

ARGENTINA CHACO

Gl

27

ARGENTINA CHACO

Gl

121

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Gl 4 (BORDER AREAS W I T H PARAGUAY)

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Gl 4 AFFECTFO (NON-BORDER AREAS W I T H P A R A G U A Y )

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Gl

27

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Gl

59

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Gl

120

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Gl

121

108 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ARGENTINA FORMOSA ( P A R T )

Gl

4

ARGENTINA FORMOSA

Gl

27

ARGENTINA FORMOSA

Gl

120

ARGENTINA FORMOSA

Gl

121

ARGENTINA GUARANI REGION

Gl

120

ARGENTINA JUJUV

Gl

27

ARGENTINA JUJUY ( N O R T H »

Gl

121

Gl ARGENTINA JUJUY: QUIACA ( LAI

120

USAGE

ARGENTINA Gl 120 J U J U Y : SANTA CA T A L I N A C M O S T OF D E P A R T A M E N T O ) ARGENTINA J U J U Y : YAVI

Gl

120

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

Gl

4

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

Gl

27

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

Gl

59

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

Gl

120

ARGENTINA MI SI ONE S

Gl

121

ARGENTINA NORTH ( P A R T S »

Gl

27

ARGENTINA Gl 120 P R E S I Ü E N T E P E R O N (=» CHACO ( E D I ARGENTINA RIOJA (LA)

Gl

27

ARGENTINA SALTA

Gi

27

ARGENTINA Gl SANTA F E ( N O R T H E A S T !

121

ARGENTINA Gl SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO

27

ARGENTINA Gi SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO

59

ARGENTINA Gl SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO

120

ftRGFNTINA Gl SANTIAGO DEL FSTERO

121

SPEAKERS

109 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

Gl

ARGENTINA TUCUMAN

USAGE

SPEAKERS

27

BOLIVIA Gl 4 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, EXCEPT PROVINCE OF T A R I J A ) BOLIVIA Gl (EXCEPT TARIJA»

27

BOLIVIA Gl 107 ALWAYS SANTA C R U Z : V A L L E G R A N D E • P R O V I N C E ! CHILE Gl 88 AISEN (INCLUDING COYHAIUUE1 CHILE

Gl

A I S E N : COYAIQUE ( s i u

CHILE Gl B10-BI 0! L O S A N G E L E S

CLASE POPULAR

RARE

( N O D A T A E X I S T S O N REST O F P R O V I N C E I 89 SOME SPEAKERS CBUT NOT «VULGO U R B A N O « I « C L A S E M E D I A · »

CHILE Gl B10-B I 0: LOS A N G E L E S

89

Gl CHILE B10-BI 0! LOS A N G E L E S

89

SOME S P E A K E R S

CULTA CA^PFSINOS

CHILE Gl 89 SOME S P E A K E R S B I O - B I O : LOS A N G E L E S ( B U T NOT • L O S A O V E N E D I Z O S DEL N O R T E · ) CHILE Gl B I O - B I O : LOS A N G E L E S : CHILE CAUTIN (PARTS)

89 ANTUCO

Gl

88

RARE

89 CHILE Gl C A U T I N ( P A R T S , EXCEPT TEMUCO å NUEVA I M P E R I A L »

CHILE Gl LLANQUIHUE (SOME PARTS»

89

CHILE Gl 88 RARE MALLECO ( P A R T S , I N C L U D I N G A N G O L l CHILE MALLECO (SOME CHILE MALLECO:

Gl PARTS)

89

89 Gl ANGOL ( O N L Y ; G 2 • P R E D O M I N A C L A R A M E N T E »

ALL C L A S S E S EN M A L L E C O )

CHILE Gl 88 RARE MAULE ( P A R T S , I N C L U D I N G CAQUENES AND Q U ( R I H J F ) CHILE Gl 89 MA ULF ( P A R T S , BUT MUCH OF COAST CHILE Gl MAULE; CAQUENES

IS

G2)

89

Gl

CHILE NORTH

CHILE Gl 27 NORTH ( A N D SOUTH, B U T N O T C E N T R A L T H I R D ) CHILE NUBLE

Gl 89 GENERAL C H I L L A N ( E X C E P T SOME OLDER S P E A K E R S )

CHILE NUBLE: CHILLAN

Gl

89

GENERAL

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

no COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

SPEAKERS

89

CHILE Gl NUBLE: Q U I R I H U E

CH Gl HILE SOUTH { E X C E P T C H I L O E ) CHILE SOUTH

USAGE

Gl

4

27

É å NORTH, BUT NOT C E N T R A L T H I R D )

CHILE SOUTH « P A R T S ,

89 Gl E S P E C I A L L Y MOUNTAINS}

CHILE SOUTH-CENTRAL

Gl

CHILE TALCA I PARTS!

Gl

È8

CHILE Gl TALCA I COAST £ MOUNTAINS)

89

COLOMBIA BOGOTA

Gl

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

Gl

26

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

Gl

47

RURAL

COLOMBIA Gl BOYACA ( E X C E P T LOKLANDS) COLOMBIA CAUCA ( E L ) ( E X C E P T NORTH t*COAST) COLOMBIA Gl 26 C O R D I L L E R A O R I E N T A L ( I N C L U D I N G BOGOTA) COLOMBIA Gl CORDILLERA ORIENTAL

27

COLOMBIA Gl CORDILLERA ORIENTAL

51

COLOMBIA CUNDINAMARCA

Gl

47

COLOMBIA Gl HUILA (SMALL PART)

47

COLOMBIA INTERIOR

(PARTS)

ALL C L A S S E S

Gl

COLOMBIA ALL CLASSES Gl N A R I N O ( N O T I N C L U D I N G COASTAL R E G I O N OF T U M A C O ) COLOMBIA Gl NARINO (MOUNTAINS)

47

53 COLOMBIA Gl NORTE DE SANTANDER ( P A R T S )

53 PREDOMINANT COLOMBIA Gl NORTE DE SANTANDER: ABREGO ( A L S O G3 ) COLOMBIA Gl NORTE DE S A N T A N D E R :

53 PREDOMINANT BOCHALEMA ( A L S O 63)

COLOMBIA Gl NORTE DE S A N T A N D E R :

53 PREDOMINANT C H I T I G A ( A L S O G3 )

Ill COUNTRY COLOMBIA N O R T E OE

I N D E X NO. Gl

SANTANOER:

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

53 PREDOMINANT H E R R A N I A L S O G3 ß

COLOMBIA Gl 53 PREDOMINANT NORTE OE S A N T A N O E R : SAN BERNARDO DE Â Á Ô Á ( A L S O G3I COLOMBIA NORTE OE

Gl

SANTANOER:

COLOMBIA SANTANOER

Gl (INCLUDING

COLOMBIA TOLIMA (SMALL

53 PREDOMINANT SAN C A L I X T O (ALSO G3» 52 GENERAL INCULTA PUERTO W I L C H E S , S O M E T I M E S G 3 )

Gl PART)

47

ECUADOR Gl 4 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, EXCEPT GUAYAQUIL t COAST) ECUADOR AZUAY

Gl

18

ECUADOR AZUAY

Gl

27

ECUADOR Gl A Z U A Y ( I N C L U D I N G CUENCA) ECUADOR Gl A Z U A Y ( I N C L U O I NG C U E N C A )

115

ECUADOR AZUAY: CUENCA

Gl

114

ECUADOR A Z U A Y : CUENCA

Gl

115

ECUADOR BOLIVAR

Gl

18

ECUADOR BOLIVAR

Gl

115

ECUADOR CANAR

Gl

18

ECUADOR CANAR

Gl

27

ECUADOR CANAR

Gl

114

ECUADOR CANAR

Gl

115

ECUADOR CARCHI

Gl

18

FCUADOR CARCHI

Gl

115

ECUADOR C H I M B ORAZO

Gl

18

ECUADOR CHIMBORAZO

Gl

115

ECUADOR COTOPAXI

Gl

115

ECUADOR EAST ( L O W L A N D S )

Gl

115

112 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

ECUADOR Gl GUAYAQUIL ( C I T Y )

67

ECUADOR IM8ABURA

Gl

IS

ECUADOR IMBABURA

Gl

115

ECUADOR LEON

Gl

18

ECUADOR LOJA

Gl

18

ECUADOR LOJA

Gl

27

ECUADOR LOJA

Gl

ECUADOR LOJA

Gl

115

ECUADOR LOS R I G S

Gl

115

ECUADOR Gl M O U N T A I N S ( S O U T H Of ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

(NORTH

USAGE

18 EL NUDO DE A Z U A Y )

Gl 18 OF EL NUDO DE A Z U A Y )

ECUADOR Gl MOUNTAINS (MOST PARTS)

27

ECUADOR Gl MOUNTAINS (ONLYI

ALWAYS

ECUADOR Gl 115 M O U N T A I N S ( S O U T H , PARTS OF NORTH) ECUADOR Gl 115 M O U N T A I N S (NORTH A N D C E N T R A L ) ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

Gl

18

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

Gl

115

ECUADOR ORO ( E L I

Gl ( M O U N T A I N PART)

ECUADOR PICHINCHA

115

Gl 115 ( I N C L U D I N G QUITO)

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y I

Gl

115

ECUADOR SANTIAGO-ZAMORA

Gl

18

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

Gl

18

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

Gl

115

MEXICO Gl D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

SOMETIMES

NEVER

SPEAKERS

113 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

SPEAKERS

MEXICO Gl 16 HIDALGO: ATOTONILCO EL GRANDE

NEVER

ALL CLASSES

MEXICO Gl 16 NEVER ALL CLASSES H I D A L G O : L A B A R R A N C A DEL R I O G R A N D E 0 S A N S E B A S T I A N MEXICO Gl 4 MORELOS: B A R R A N C A DE A T O T O N I L C O EL GRANDE MEXICO Gl V E R A C R U Z : CORDOBA i ·( NI )

71 NEVER EL MENOR RASTRO* 1

MEXICO Gl 71 NEVER V E R A C R U Z : F O R T I N OF L A S FLORES ( M N I ) E L MENOR R A S T R O * 1 MEXICO VERACRUZ:

Gi ORIZABA

4

Gl

71

MEXICO

NEVER

VERACRUZ: ORIZABA I M N I J EL MENOR RASTRO* )

PARAGUAY Gl ( E N T I R E COUNTRY! PARAGUAY

Gl

27

PARAGUAY

Gl

75

PERU Gl ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, EXCEPT LIMA

Gl PERU ( E X C E P T L I M A AND COASTI

GENERAL PART OF COAST)

27

PERU Gl 13 A R E O U I P A ( E X C E P T COAST NORTH OF C H A L A ) Gl

13

Gl

13

PERU I SLA Õ

Gl

13

PERU MOQUEGA

Gl

13

PERU MOUNTAINS

Gl

13

PERU MOUNTAINS

Gl

27

PERU TACNA

Gl

13

PERU CAMANA PERU COAST

(PARTS)

PUERTO R I C O Gl GUAYAMA: BARRANOUITAS

117 57

REP D O M I N I C A N A

Gl

URUGUAY (PARTS)

Gl

ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

G2

59

ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

G2

76

SPORADIC ALWAYS SPORADIC

OLDER S P E A K E R S

114 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ARGENTINA G2 120 BUENOS A I R E S f C I T Y AND PROVINCE) ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

G2

121

ARGENTINA CATAMARCA

G2

*

GENERAL

URBAN

ARGENTINA G2 121 CATAMARCA I EXCEPT SOUTH-CENT RAD ARGENTINA G2 C A T A M A R C A : CATAMARCA

120

ARGENTINA CHUBUT

62

121

ARGENTINA CORDOBA

62

59

ARGENTINA 62 120 COROOBA ( C E N T R A L å NORTHI ARGENTINA CORDOBA

62

120

ARGENTINA 62 120 CORDOBA (PART OF SOUTHEAST) ARGENTINA 62 120 COROOBA (MOUNTAINS)

ARGENTINA 62 CORDOBA (EAST BORDER!

121

AR6ENTINA 62 120 CORDOBA: CORDOBA AR6ENTINA 62 4 CORRIENTES ( E X C E P T BORDER AREA WITH PARAGUAY» ARGENTINA 62 120 SOME SPEAKERS EDUCATED CORRIENTES: MONTE CASEROS (THOSE EDUCATED IN CONCORDIA) ARGENTINA 62 120 ENTRE R I O S ARGENTINA 62 121 ENTRE R I O S

AR6ENTINA

62

120

EVA PERON ( = PAMPA (LAI I AR6ENTINA 62 120

JUJUY ( SOUTHWESTI

AR6ENTINA 62 JUJUY ( E X C E P T NORTH)

121

ARGENTINA

62

59

AR6ENTINA LITORAL

62

120

AR6ENTINA MENDOZA

62

121

AR6ENTINA 62 MENDOZA: MENOOZA

59

LITORAL

115 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ARGENTINA MOUNTAINS

G2

4

ARGENTINA NEUQUEN

G2

121

ARGENTINA NORTH

G2

USAGE PREDOMINANT

PREDOMINANT

59 ARGENTINA G2 NORTH ( E X C E P T SANTIAGO DEL E S T E R O t ARGENTINA NORTH ( P A R T S I

G2

120

ARGENTINA PAMPA l LA)

G2

120

ARGENTINA PAMPA I LAI

G2

121

CORRIENTES,

ARGENTINA G2 GENERAL P A M P A S ( F R O M R I O PLATA TO T I E R R A DEL FUEGO & W . ARGENTINA PATAGONIA

G2

120

ARGENTINA PORTE NO R E G I O N

G2

27

ARGENTINA G2 RIO DE LA PLATA REGION

G2

121

ARGENTINA RIOJA (LA)

G2

4

ARGENTINA RIOJA (LA)

G2

121

ARGENTINA SALTA (NORTH)

G2

120

ARGENTINA SALTA

G2

121

ARGENTINA SALTA: SALTA ARGENTINA SALTA: SALTA

G2

59

G2

120

ARGENTINA SAN JUAN

G2

4

ARGENTINA SAN JUAN

G2

121

ARGENTINA G2 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L )

118

62

121

ARGENTINA G2 SAN L U I S : SAN L U I S

59

G2

121

ARGENTINA SANTA CRUZ

MISIONES)

SIERRAS)

76

ARGENTINA R I O NEGRO

ARGENTINA SAN L U I S

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

URBAN

GENERAL

URBAN

GENERAL

116 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

G2

120

ARGENTINA SANTA FE

G2 ARGENTINA SANTA FE: R O S A R I O

38

ARGENTINA SOUTH

G2

59

ARGENTINA G2 T I E R R A DEL FUEGO

121

ARGENTINA TUCUMAN

G2

120

ARGENTINA TUCUMAN

G2

121

G2

59

G2

59

TUCUMAN

WEST

SPEAKERS

121

ARGENTINA G2 SANTA FE (SOUTH H A L F )

ARGENTINA TUCUMAN: ARGENTINA

USAGE

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

BOLIVIA G2 TARIJA (PROVINCE) (ONLY) CHILE G2 (FROM BIO-BIO TO RIO MAULE) CHILE ACONCAGUA

G2

CHILE G2 ACONCAGUA: LOS ANDES

88 89

CHILE ACONCAGUA:

89 G2 PETORCA: LA L I G U A

CHILE

G2 SAN F E L I P E

ACONCAGUA:

CHILE AISEN

G2

89 PUTAENOO 88

CHILE G2 A I S E N : PUERTO A I S E N

88

CHILE ANTOFAGASTA

G2

88

CHILE ANTOFAGASTA

G2

89

CHILE ARAUCO

G2

88

CHILE ATACAMA

G2

88

G2

89

G2

88

CHILE

ATACAMA:

CHILE BIO-BIO

COPIAPO

RARE

CHILE G2 89 SOME SPEAKERS B I O - B I O : LOS ANGELES ( I N C L U D I N G «LOS AOVENEDIZOS DEL N O R T E * I

117 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

89 CHILE G2 B i n - Â É Ï : LOS ANGELES ( U R B A N )

VULGO

CHILE G2 BIO-BIO: LOS ANGELFS

M I D D L E CLASS

CHILE CAUTIN CHILE CAUTIN: CHILE

CAUTIN:

G2

G2

I M P E R I A L : NUEVA TEMUCO

G2

83

89 IMPERIAL 89

G2 CHILE C E N T R A L ( F R O M C H O A P A TO M A U L F t I N C L . S A N T I A G O S V A L P A R A I S O »

G2 CHILE CENTRAL ( THIRD) CHILE CENTRAL

27

88 G2 ( å SOUTH-CENTRAL»

CHILE CHILOE

G2

CHILE CHILOE

G2

88

CHILE CHILOE

G2

89

CHILE COLCHAGUA

G2

88

G2 SAN F E R N A N D O

89

CHILE

COLCHAGUA:

CHILE 89 G2 C O L C H A G U A : SAN F E R N A N D O : C H I M B A R O N G O CHILE CONCEPCION

G2

88

CHILE CONCEPCION!

G2 CONCEPCION

89

CHILE CONCEPCION:

62 TALCAHUANO

89

CHILE COQUIMBO

G2

88

CHILE COOUIM80:

_G2 OVALLE

89

CHILE CURICO

G2

88

CHILE CURICO

G2

89

CHILE LINARES

G2

88

CHILE LLANQUIHUE

G2

88

CHILE G2 LLANQUIHUE (MOST PARTS»

89

118 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO .

AUTHOR

CHILE MAGALLANES

G2

88

CHILE NAGALLANES

G2

89

CHILE HALLE CO

G2

88

CHILE MAUL 6

G2

88

USAGE

SPEAKERS

CHILE G2 NORTH ( C EXTREME SOUTH)

88

CHILE NORTH

G2

89

CHILE NU8LE

G2

88

CHILE NUBLE: C H I L L A N

G2

89

NEVER

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

CHILE

G2

89

SOME SPEAKERS

OLDER SPEAKERS

CHILE O'HIGGINS

62

88

NUBLE: CHILLAN

89 SEHELL 89 CHILE 62 O ' H I G G I N S : SAN V I C E N T E DE TAGUA-TAGUA CHILE

G2

CHILE OSORNO

62

88

CHILE SANTIAGO

62

88

O'HIGGINS: RANCAGUA:

CHILE G2 SANTIAGO ( M I D D L E CLASS)

110

GENERAL

CHILE G2 89 SANTIAGO: S A N T I A G O ( £ V I C I N I T Y ) CHILE 88 62 SOUTH ( E X T R E M E ) ( & NORTH) CHILE TALC A

62

88

CHILE TARAPACA

62

88

CHILE

62

89

CHILE VALDIVIA

G2

88

CHILE VALDIVIA

62

89

CHILE VALPARAISO

62

88

CHILE

G2

89

TARAPACA: IQUIQUE

VALPARAISO: VALPARAISO (CITY å V I C I N I T Y )

EDUCATED

119 COUNTRY CHILE VALPARAISO:

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

G2 89 VALPARAISO: LIMACHE

COLOMBIA G2 4 ( E X C E P T BOGOTA C PARTS OF I N T E R I O R ) COLOMBIA G2 26 ANTIOQUIA (INCLUDING MEDELLINI COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

G2

26

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

G2

48

ALWAYS

G2 MEDELLIN

47

COLOMBIA G2 ANTIOQUIA : REMEOICS

46

ALWAYS

COLOMBIA G2 A N T I O Q U I A : SEGOVIA

46

ALWAYS

G2

50

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA :

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

COLOMBIA GENERAL G2 44 BOLIVAR: MONTERIA t å VICINITY! COLOMBIA G2 82 ALWAYS B O L I V A R : S A N B A S I L I C DE P A L E N Q U E COLOMBIA GENERAL G2 BOLIVAR: SINCELEJO (& V I C I N I T Y ) COLOMBIA CALOAS

G2

48

COLOMBIA CHOCO t E L )

62

45

COLOMBIA COASTS

62

27

COLOMBIA 62 MAGDALENA : RIO OE ORO

ALWAYS

108

GENERAL

COLOMBIA 53 G2 NORTE DE SANTANOER I PARTS) COLOMBIA

G2

53

GENERAL

COLOMBIA

G2

53

GENERAL

COLOMBIA

62

53

PREDOMINANT

NORTE DE SANTANDER: CARMEN (ED NORTE OE SANTANOER: CUCUTA

NORTE DE SANTANOER: OCANA é ALSO 63)

53 COLOMBIA 62 GENERAL NORTE DE SANTANDER: PUERTO V I L L A M I Z A R COLOMBIA

62

53

GENERAL

COLOMBIA

G2

53

GENERAL

COLOMBIA

62

53

GENERAL

NORTE DE SANTANOER: SALAZAR DE LAS PALMAS NORTE DE SANTANDER: SAN FAUSTINO

NORTE DE SANTANDER: SARDINATA

NEGROES

120 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

COLOMBIA G2 NORTE DE S A N T A N D E R

AUTHOR

: TARRA

53

USAGE

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

COLOMBIA G2 53 GENERAL NORTE DE S A N T A N D E R : V I L L A D E L R O S A R I O COLOMBIA G2 NORTE DE S A N T A N D E R : V I L L A C A R O

GENERAL

COLOMBIA PUTUMAYO

G2

27

COLUMBIA VAUPES

G2

27

COLOMBIA VICHAOA

G2

27

COSTA

RICA

G2

4

COSTA R I C A (PARTS»

G2

27

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

G2

37

SGMETIM

URBAN

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

G2

96

ALWAYS

M I O O L E CLASS

CUBA

G2

4

CUBA (PARTS)

G2

27

PREDOMINANT CUBA G2 61 É Å Í Ð Ê Å COUNTRY) ( « Y F I S M O ES PREDOMINANTE, PERO NO G E N E R A L · )

G2 87 CUBA COLLOQUIAL HABANA: REGLA (SUHURB OF LA HA6ANA) CUBA G2 HAVANA (PROVINCE L C I T Y ) ECUADOR CARCHI

14

G2 18 LA HOYA DEL CHOTA

ECUADOR COAST

G2

27

ECUADOR COAST

G2

114

ECUADOR COAST

G2

115

G2 18 ECUADOR ESMERALDAS ( C I T Y AND PROVINCE)

ECUADOR ESMERALDAS ECUADOR GUAYAQUIL


114

E X C E P T FORMAL

ECUADOR J4 C A R C H I ( A L S U JU

115

SOMETIMES

J4

115

ECUADOR CHIMBORAZO

INCULTA

27

COSTA R I C A

VALLE C E N T R A L

SPEAKERS

ECUADOR COTOPAXI

115

ECUADOR IMBA6URA

115

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

115

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

31

MIOOLF CLASS

201 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ECUADOR JA 11 EXCEPT FORMAL M O U N T A I N S ( E X C E P T L O J A ( J l l AND A Z U A Y U 2 ) ECUADOR JA 115 M O U N T A I N S (NORTH AND C E N T R A L » ECUADOR PICHINCHA

JA 115 ( I N C L U D I N G QUITO»

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y »

JA

HA

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y »

JA

115

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

JA

115

GUATEMALA

JA

21

GUATEMALA

JA

31

GUATEMALA SOUTH ( H A L F »

JA

27

MEXICO

JA

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

JA

70 27

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

MEXICO JA SOMETIMES D.F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO ( F R I C T I V A O R A S I B I L A D A SONORA1 MEXICO JA 19 GUANAJUATO (EXCEPT INCULTA»

WOMEN

MEXICO J4 GUANAJUATO ( W O M E N ONLY)

EXCEPT

MEXICO JA JALISCO (ESPECIALLY MEXICO JALISCO

29 YOUTH A N D W O M E N 1

JA

MEXICO JA OAXACA ( INI TIAL CNLY?» MEXICO S A N L U I S POTOSI

19

32 6 (ALSO

JA 72 TAMAZUNCHALE

FREQUENT SOMETIMES Jll SPORADIC

MEXICO JA V A L L E OF M E X I C O

31

JA MEXICO V A L L E DE M E X I C O

78

SOMETIMES SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN > PARAGUAY

JA

8

JA

PARAGUAY

JA

PARAGUAY

JA

27 31 119 27

JA PERU ( P A R T S OF I N T E R I O R I N SOUTH ANO C E N T E R )

PERU AREÖUIPA

JA

13

INCULTA

INCULTA

202 I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

PERU LIMA

J4

13

UNITED STATES (PARTS»

J4

27

UNITED STATES NEW MEXICO

J4

27

COUNTRY

15 UNITED STATES J4 NEW M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO (J3 COLOMBIA CAUCA ( E L )

J5

47

COLOMBIA COAST ( P A R T S )

J5

26

COLOMBIA COASTS

J5

27

CUBA (PARTS!

J5

27

MEXICO SAN L U I S POTOSI

72 J5 TAMAZUNCHALE

MEXICO YUCATAN

J5

8

PANAMA (PARTS)

J5

27

USAGE

SOMETIMES J4 I N I T I A L . Jl t J6 M E O I A L I (UNCERTAIN)

NEGROES

OCCASIONALLY

RURAL

SOME S P E A K E R S

PANAMA J5 100 OCCASIONALLY CENTRAL PROVINCES ( L A R G E TOWNS) PUERTO R I C O

J5

27

PUERTO RICO

J5

80

SPEAKERS

URBAN

85 PUERTO R I C O J5 SOMETIMES ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, E X C E P T FREQUENT~ IN N O R T H W E S T , S O U T H E A S T ) PUERTO R I C O

J5

PUERTO RICO

J5

105

PUERTO R I C O

J5

106

FREQUENT

CLASE POPULAR

35 PREDOMINANT PUERTO R I C O J5 ALL CLASSES A G U A O I L L A : A G U A O I L L A ( ' V E L A R F R I C A T I V A SONORA« NEVER S O R D A ) PUERTO RICO J5 ARECIBO: BARCELONETA

90

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

PUERTO R I C O J5 A R E C I B O : BARCELONETA

90

PREDOMINANT

ALL á ASSES

PUERTO R I C O 69 FREQUENT J5 ARECIBO: MANATI ( S O M E T I M E S CULT A) t ALSO Jl) PUERTO RICO J5 69 SOMETIMES ARECIBO: MANATI ( F R E Q U E N T OTHER C L A S S E S ) I A L S O 117 PREDOMINANT PUERTO RICO J5 GUAYANA: BARRANQUITAS

EXCEPT CULTA CULTA Jl) ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O J5 40 FREQUENT ALL C L A S S E S G U A Y A N A : C A Y E Y ( U V U L A R F R I C A T I V A å U V U L A R V I BRANT E. AL SO Jl)

203 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

54 PUERTO R I C O J5 HUMACAO: FAJARDO ( A L S O J l t J 6 )

USAGE FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O J5 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

NEVER

PUERTO R I C O J5 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

85

FREQUENT

J5

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO R I C O NORTHWEST

SPEAKERS

J5 41 PREDOMINANT PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE ( « V E L A R F R I C A T I V A S O R D A · I

RUSTIC

J5 41 PREDOMINANT PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE I ' V E L A R F R I C A T I V A S O N O R A · )

CULT A

J5 PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE C A L S O

Jl)

41

J5 109 PUERTO RICO SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A !

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

SOMETIMES

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O J5 95 OCCASIONALLY SAN J U A N : G U A Y N A B O ( • V E L A R F R I C A T I V A / X / · I

ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O SOUTHEAST

J5

85

FREQUENT

REP DOMINICANA

J5

27

REP DOMINICANA

J5

57

SPORADIC

REP DOMINICANA

J5

86

RARE

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

J5

63

NEVER

VENEZUELA

J5

56

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

J6

50

COLOMBIA COASTS (BOTH)

J6

51

COLOMBIA COASTS ( B O T H I

J6

51

COLOMBIA SANTANOER

J6

52

PUERTO R I C O

J6

9

PUERTO RICO

J6

80

PUERTO R I C O

J6 85 SOMETIMES E X C E P T F R E Q U E N T IN SAN J U A N € N O R T H E A S T )

RURAL

INCULTA FAMILIAR

CULT A INCULTA

RARE

INCULTA

PUERTO R I C O J6 35 FREQUENT ALL CLASSES A G U A D I L L A : A G U A D I L L A ( ¹ É × Ô Á SONORA· N E V E R S O R D A )

PUERTO RICO

J6

ARECIBO: BARCELONETA

PUERTO RICO J6 GUAYANA: 8ARRANQUITAS

90

SPORADIC

ALL C L A S S E S

117

FREQUENT

ALL

CLASSES

SOMETIMES

ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O J6 54 HUMACAO: F A J A R D O (ALSO J 1 . J 5 )

204 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

PUERTO R I C O J6 HUMACAO: VIEQUES

33

NEVER

PUERTO R I C O NORTHEAST

J6

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO R I C O SAN JUAN

J6

85

FREQUENT

SPEAKERS ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O J6 95 OCCASIONALLY SAN JUAN: GUAYNABO (UVULAR V I B R A N T E SONOPA)

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O J6 20 RARE S A N J U A N : SANTURCE ( M O S T FREQUENT M E D I A L L Y )

ALL CLASSES

REP D O M I N I C A N A J6 63 PREDOMINANT ALL CLASSES SANTO D O M I N G O ( » F R I C A T I V A A P I C O A L V E O L A R S U A V E « ) UNITED STATES J6 15 SOMETIMES NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O < J 3 E J 4 I N I T I A L .

J l å J6 M E D I A L »

ARGENTINA J7 42 GENERAL CORRIENTES (ILLITERATES-GUARANI)

BILINGU4LS

ARGENTINA J7 42 GENERAL CORRIENTES (81 LINGUALS-GUARANI)

ILLITERATE

COLOMBIA

NEGROES

J7

82

GENERAL

B O L I V A R : SAN B A S I L I C DE PALENQUE ( / R R / å / R / BOTH > (L n

CUBA J7 61 SOMETIMES ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y ) ( I M C I A L t A V E C F S P MULT I P L E , O T R A S V E C E S N O ) UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST.

J7 . 74 BERNARD PARISH

OCCASIONALLY

- - J7 55 ( C R I O L L E LANGS,INCL PAPIAMENTO.ALSO JUDEOFSP å ARGENTINA Kl 27 NORTHWEST (AND NORTH-CENTRAL» BOLIVIA WEST ( å CHILE (AFTER

(APICOOENTAL REDONDEADA)

Kl 27 SOUTHWEST) ( A P I C O D E N T A L REDONOEAOA) Kl 89 / R i L / , «APICO-SUPRA-ALVFOLAR« ) (ALSO K2)

ANTIOQUIA ( APICOALVEOLAR) COLOMBIA Kl 27 ANTIOQUIA ( APICOALVEOLAR CONCAVF) COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

Kl

48

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

Kl

51

COLOMBIA Kl 47 A N T I O O U I A , INCLUOI NG M E D E L L I N ( A P I C O A L V E O L A R ) COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA:

Kl MEDELLI N

26 (APICOALVFOLAP)

COLOMBIA C A L D A S ( P A R TS)

Kl

48

COLOMBIA CALDAS

Kl

si

PHILLIPINES)

205 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

COLOMBIA CHOCO ( E L )

Kl

47

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA N A R I N O (NOT

SPEAKERS ALL C L A S S E S

Kl 3 ALL C L A S S E S INCLUDING COASTAL REGION OF T J M A C O ) ( A P ICODENTAL)

COLOMBIA Kl NARINO (APICODENTAL)

26

COLOMBIA

Kl

27

COLOMBIA

Kl

53

N A R I N O ( A P I C O D E N T A L RFDONDEADA)

NORTE DE SANTANDER ( P A R T S )

SOME SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA Kl 53 SOME SPEAKERS NORTE DE S A N T A N O E R : ABREGO CCONCAVA A P I C O A L V E O L A R · )

COLOMBIA Kl 53 SOME SPEAKERS NORTE DE SANTANDER: CACHIRA CCONCAVA A P I C O A L V E O L A R · ) COLOMBIA Kl 53 SOME SPEAKERS NORTE DE SANTANDER: OCANA CCONCAVA API COALVEOL AR· )

COLOMBIA Kl 53 SOME SPEAKERS NORTE DE SANTANDER: SAN C A L I X T O CCONCAVA A P I C O A L V E O L A R · ) COLOMBIA Kl 27 NORTH-CENTRAL ( A P I C O D E N T A L R E D O N D E A D A ) COLOMBIA SANTANDER COLOMBIA SANTANDER

Kl

51

OCCASIONALLY

Kl 52 SOMETIMES IAPICODENTOALVEOLAR)

INCULTA

COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

Kl

96

PREDOMINANT

M I D D L E CLASS

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

Kl

96

FREQUENT

M I O O L E CLASS

CUBA Kl HAVANA (PROVINCE å C I T Y )

14 GENERAL ALL C L A S S E S (OCCASIONALLY /S/ E S P E S A )

ECUADOR Kl 67 GUAYAQUIL ( C I T Y ) (APICOALVEOLAR S I B I L A N T ) ECUADOR Kl 27 MOUNTAINS (APICODENTAL REDONDEADAl ECUADOR Kl 27 MOUNTAINS (APICODENTAL «FOONOEAOA) MEXICO Kl 27 D I S T R I T O FEDERAL (APICODFNTAL REDONDEADAl MEXICO Kl 27 NORTHWEST ( H A L F ) (APICODENTAL REDONDEADA) PERU LIMA

Kl (APICODENTALI

25

PERU Kl 27 MOUNTAINS (APICOOENTAL RFDONOFADA) PUERTO P I C O Kl 27 ( P A R T S ) ( A P I C O A L V F C L A R CONCAVE) PUERTO R I C O Kl 80 SOMETIMES ( • A P I C O D E N T A L · å ·APICOALVEOLAR CONCAVA» SIN

MAT1Z PALATAL)

206 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

PUERTO R I C O Kl ( E N T I R E CCUNTRYI

AUTHOR

USAGE

85

SOMETIMES

PUERTO R I C O Kl 106 SOMETIMES ( A P I C O P O S T D E N T A L . A L S O A P I C O A L V E O L A R I N PARTS O F PUERTO R I C O

Ki

15

PREDOMINANT

AGUADILLA: AGUADILLA c·POSTDENTAL·» (ALSO K2,K3i

SPEAKERS

INTERIORI ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Kl 85 A G U A O I L L A : L A R E S ( A P I C O A L V E O L A R CONCAVE)

PUERTO R I C O

êé

85

PUERTO P I C O ARECIBO: MANATI

Kl

69

A G U A D I L L A : S A N S E B A S T I A N ( A P I C O A L V E O L A R CONCAVEI PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Kl 85 ILLITERATE A R E C I B O : UTUADO: C A G U A N A S ( A P I C O A L V E Q L A R C O N C A V E ) PUERTO R I C O Kl 54 HUMACAO: FAJARDO (ALSO K2) PUERTO R I C O Kl 106 I N T E R I O R ( P A R T S ) ( ' A P I C O A L V E O L A R . . .CAST ELL A N A « I PUERTO R I C O Kl 85 M A Y A G U E Z : C A B O ROJO ( A P I C O D E N T O A L V E O L A R C O N C A V E ) PUERTO R I C O Kl 85 ILLITERATE M A Y A G U E Z : SAN G E R M A N : ROSARIO ALTO t DENTOALVEOLAR CONCAVE) PUERTO RICO Kl 95 PREDOMINANT SAN JUAN: GUAYNABO (·APICOOENTAL PLANA«) REP D O M I N I C A N A

Kl

57

UNITED STATES

Kl

27

ALL C L A S S E S

BORDER A R E A W I T H M E X I C O ( E N T I R E B O R D E R ) ( A P I C O D F N T A L R E D O N . )

U N I T E D STATES Kl 14 G E N E R A L ALL CLASSES F L O R I D A : M I A M I å V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)(OCCASIONALLY /S/ ESPESA) UNITED STATES Kl 116 MICHIGAN: OFT«OIT (MEXICANS»

SOMETIMES

UNITFD STATES Kl 15 SOMETIMES NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O (APICOALVFOLAR CONCAVE. ALSO K2) ARGENTINA

K2

27

BOLIVIA

K2

27

GENEPAL

( E X C E P T N O R T H W E S T ) (DORSCALVEOLAR CONVEX« ARGENTINA K2 76 GENERAL («PREDORSAL ALVEOLAR«) ARGENTINA K2 120 (PREDORSAL SORDA) ARGENTINA K2 12 C O R H I E N T i S ( 'COMC LA S PREDORSAL A N O A L U Z A « ) ARGENTINA K2 38 GENERAL ALL CLASSES SANTA FE : K U S A P I O ( · P R E D C R S O D E N T O A L V E O L A P CONVEXO» ) ( N O R T H , SOUTH, AND EAST-CENTRAL) (DORSOALV EOL AR CONVFX) BOLIVIA K2 107 CLASF POPULAR SANTA C R U Z : V A L L E GRANDE

(PROVINCE)

207 COUNTRY

CHILE

I NDEX

NO.

K2

(OORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX»

AUTHOR

27

USAGE

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

CHILE K2 88 ( »DOR SO-ALVEOLAR F R I C A T I V A S O R D A « ) CHILE K2 89 («OORSO-ALVEOLAR·) ( A L S O K U

GENERAL

COLOMBIA K2 27 ( M O S T O F C O U N T R Y ) ( D O R S O A L V E O L A RC O N V E X ) COLOMBIA BOGOTA I C I T Y )

47

K2

SOME S P E A K E R S

COLOMBIA K2 50 PREDOMINANT B O L I V A R ( « P R E O O R S O 0 CORONO-OENT A L . DE T I M B R E AGUDO· ) COLOMBIA K2 82 GENERAL NEGROES B O L I V A R : SAN B A S I L I O DP PALENOUE ( « T I P O PREOORSAL CONVEXO· 1 COLOMBIA BOYACA

K2

47

COLOMBIA CALDAS

K2

47

COLOMBIA CHOCO ( E L )

K2

47

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA CUNDINAMARCA

K2

47

SOME S P E A K E R S

COLOMBIA HUILA

K2

47

SOMETIMES

A L L CLASSES

COLOMBIA K2 53 PREDOMINANT N O R T F DE S A N T A N D 6 R ( 6 NT I R E O E P A R T A M E N T O . ALSO K l t K 3 , P A R T S ) COLOMBIA SANTANDER

47

K2

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA K2 52 SOMETIMES SANTANDER ( PREDORSODENTOALVEOLAR) COLOMBIA TOLIMA

K2

47

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA VALLE ( E L )

K2

47

SOMETIMES

COSTA R I C A (PREDORSAL)

K2

1

COSTA R I C A K2 (DORSOALVEOLAR C O N V E X )

INCULTA

GENERAL

27

COSTA R I C A K2 2 V A L L E C E N T R A L ( · P R E D O R S A L CONVEXA DE A M E R I C A Õ A N D A L U C I A · I CUBA K2 (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX) CUBA K2 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY) («S ECUADOR K2 MOUNTAINS (PREOORSAL)

27

61 PREOORSAL, 18

ECUADOR K2 27 MOUNTAINS (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX)

OE T I P O ANDALUZ* I

208 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

GUATEMALA K2 (OORS ALVEULAR CONVEX)

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

27

MEXICO K2 7 GENERAL D . F . : S A N T O T O M A S A J U S C O i f PREDORSO-ALV EODENT AL . . . AGUDOM MEXICO GUANAJUATO

K2

19

MEXICO K2 29 J A L I S C O I ' P S E O O R S A L CONVEX A· I MEXICO JALISCO

K2 (PREOORSALI

PREDOMINANT

INCULTA

30

MEXICO K2 32 JALISCO ( «PREDORSAL CONVEXAM MEXICO K2 6 O A X A C A ( « P R E O O R S O - A L V E O O E N T A L DE T I M B R E AGUOO» » MEXICO K2 27 SOUTHEAST ( H A L F ! ( O D R S O A L V E O L A R CONVEX) MEXICO K2 78 GENERAL VALLF- D E M E X I C O < ' P R E O O R S O - A L V E O D E N T A L C O N V E X O · ) MEXICO K2 79 VALLE DE MEXICO («PREDORSO-ALVEODENTAL CONVEXO·) MEXICO K2 8 GENERAL YUCATAN( ·PREOORSO-ALVEODENTAL...EXTRAORDINARIAMENTE TENSA» ) PANAMA K2 (OORSOALVEOL4R CONVEX)

27

PANAMA K2 100 RURAL C E N T R A L P R O V I N C E S I P R E D O R S O A L V E O L A R GROOVE S P I R A N T ) PARAGUAY (DORSOALVEOLAR

K2 CONVEX)

PARAGUAY ( 'PREOORSAL')

K2

27

GENERAL

75

PERU COAST

K2 13 («COMO EN ANDALUCIA....·)

PERU NORTH

(ANDFASTI

K2 27 (OORSGALVEOLAR

CONVEX)

PUERTO R I C O K2 27 (MOST OF COUNTRY) (DORSOALVEOLAR

CONVEX)

PUERTO R I C O K2 80 FREQUENT ( »PREDORSO-DENTOALVEOLAR CONVFXA» ) PUERTO R I C O K2 80 PREDOMINANT I 'CORONAL DENTOALVEOLAR PLANAM PUERTO R I C O

K2

106

PUERTO R I C O

K2

B$

PUERTO R I C O

K2

35

A G U A D I L L A : AGUADA

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

A G U A D I L L A : A G U A D I L L A ( A L S O êé,ê3)

PUERTO R I C O K2 AGUADILLA: LAS MARIAS

85

ALL C L A S S E S

ALL C L A S S E S

209

COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

PUERTO RICO K2 90 ARECIBO: BARCELONETA ('PREDORSAL CONVEXA» £· FRONT AL DENTAL« 1 PUERTO R I C O K2 85 ILLITERATE BAYAMON: BAYAMON: OAJAOS PUERTO RICO K2 117 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS («POSTDENTAL I N F E R I O R ' I

PUERTO RICO K2 HUMACAO I D I S T R I T O PUERTO R I C O

91 GENERAL C I T Y » (·PREDORSAL· )

K2

HUMACAO: F A J A R D Q C A L S O K l l

54

PUERTO R I C O K2 33 GENERAL H U M A C A O : V I E Q U E S < P R E D O R S A L FRONTAL. N E V E R K l » PUERTO R I C O PONCE: JAYUYA

K2

ALL CLASSES

ALL C L A S S E S

85

PUERTO RICO K2 41 PREDOMINANT PONCE: PONCE ! « P R E D O R S A L P L A N A « )

URBAN

PUERTO R I C O K2 41 PREDOMINANT CAMPESINOS PONCE: PONCE ( P R E O O R S O A L V E O P R E P A L A T A L , L O N G E R THAN URBAN / S / ) PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE

K2

41

PREDOMINANT

PUERTO R I C O K2 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A ) ( · P R E D O R S A L · )

ALL C L A S S E S YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O K2 62 GENERAL ALL CLASSES SAN JUAN: BAYAMON ( « F R O N T A L O E N T A L . . . , 0 PREOORSAL C O N V E X A « ) PUERTO R I C O K2 SAN J U A N : SANTURCE

20

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

REP D O M I N I C A N A K2 27 (MOST OF COUNTRY) ( D O R S O A L V E O L Ä R C O N V E X ) REP D O M I N I C A N A K2 (DORSOALVEOLÄR CONVEX)

86

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A SANTO DOMINGO

K2

63

GENERAL

SALVADOR (FD (ALSO K3)

K2

24

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

UNITED STATES K2 27 ARIZONA (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX) UNITED STATES K2 27 FLORIDA (PARTS! (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX) UNITED STATES K2 74 L O U I S I A N A : ST. BERNARD PARISH UNITED STATES K2 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS)

SOMETIMES

UNITED STATES K2 27 NEW MEXICO (OQRSCALVEOLAR CONVEX) UNITED STATES K2 15 PREDOMINANT N E W M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O ( D O R S O A L V E O L A R C O N V E X . ALSO U N I T E D STATES K2 34 N E W YORK C I T Y ( P U E R T O R I C A N S )

GENERAL («POSTDENTAL·)

Kl)

ALL C L A S S E S

210 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

URUGUAY K2 (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX)

27

VENEZUELA K2 (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX I

27

USAGE

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

VENEZUELA K2 56 ( • F R I C A T I V A DEL A L V E O L O I N F E R I O R » I ARGENTINA K3 120 OCCASIONALLY RURAL BUENOS A I R E S C I G U A L A C I O N ( C O N ) . . .SONIDO O E L A C C A S T I Z A · ) ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

K3 120 OCCASIONALLY RURAL ( « I G U A L A C I O N ICON)...SONI00 DE LA C C A S T I Z A · )

ARGENTINA EAST-CENTRAL

K3 (PART)

27 OCCASIONALLY (APICOOENTAL PLANAI

ARGENTINA K3 120 ENTRE R I O S ( P A R T S ) ( » N I N O S » ) ^GENTINA j A N T A FE

OCCASIONALLY (·...SONIDO DE LA C C A S T I Z A · )

K3 120 OCCASIONALLY RURAL ( ' I G U A L A C I C N ( C O N ) . . .S OMDO D E L A C C A S T I Z A · )

BOLIVIA K3 27 OCCASIONALLY SOUTH-CENTRAL ( A P I C O D E N T A L P L A N A ) COLOMBIA K3 51 SCME S P E A K E R S ( M O S T OF COUNTRY, E S P E C I A L L Y COASTS) COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

K3

47

SOME S P E A K E R S

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

K3

48

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

K3

47

ALL C L A S S E S

COLOMBIA K3 50 SOMETIMES B O L I V A R ( ' S E OYE U N ALOFONO I N T E R D E N T A L F R I C A T I V O S T R D O 1 )

COLOMBIA K3 82 RARF B O L I V A R : SAN B A S I L I O DE PALENQUE

NEGROES

COLOMBIA

ALL C L A S S E S

CHOCO ( E L )

K3

COLOMBIA K3 COAST ( A T L A N T I C , P A R T »

47

SOMETIMES

27 (APICODENTAL PLANA)

COLOMBIA COASTS (BOTH)

K3

51

SCME SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA CUNDINAMARCA

K3

47

SCME SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA MAGDALENA

K3

47

ALL CLASSES

COLOMBIA K3 53 SUBSTANDARD YOUNG S P E A K E R S N O R T E D E S A N T A N D E R : OCANA ( » E N T R E A L G U N A S C O L E G I A L E S M COLOMBIA SANTANOER

K3

47

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA K3 52 FREQUENT INCULTA SANTANDER ( « E L «CECEO· ES...FENOMENO F A C I L M E N T E N O T A B L E · ) COLOMBIA TOLIMA

K3

47

SOMETIMES

211 COUNTRY COSTA R I C A (APICODENTAL

I N D E X NO. K3 PLANAI

AUTHOR 27

USAGE

SPEAKERS

OCCASIONALLY

ECUADOR K3 18 COAST ( « C O R O N A L D E N T A L P L A N A D E POCA T E N S I O N M U S C U L A R · )

18 K3 ECUADOR G U A Y A Q U I L I « C O R O N A L D E N T A L P L A N A DE POCA T E N S I O N M U S C U L A R « ) HONDURAS K3 (APICODENTAL PLANA)

K3

MEXICO YXATAN NICARAGUA IAPICODENTAL

K3 PLANA)

27

â

SPORADIC

27

FREQUENT

FREQUENT 68 NICARAGUA K3 I « B L A N O O Õ POCO S I L B A N T E , MAS B I E N COMO UN SOPLO* )

27 PUERTO RICO K3 (PARTS) (APICODENTAL PLANA» âÏ FREQUENT PUERTO R I C O K3 (»CORONAL DENTOALVEOLAR P L A N A . . . , T I M 9 R E OENTO-INTERDENTAL« ) 35 OCCASIONALLY PUERTO R I C O K3 AGUAOILLA: AGUADILLA (ALSO K l , K 2 l PUERTO R I C O P O N C E : PONCE

ALL C L A S S E S

K3 41 OCCASIONALLY ( E S P E C I A L L Y C I T Y OF P O N C F )

PUERTO RICO K3 95 SOMETIMES ALL C L A S S E S SAN J U A N : G U A Y N A B O ( « P R E D O R S A L C Q N V E X A CON., •CECEO« ) PUERTO RICO K3 SAN J U A N : S A N T U R C E

20

OCCASIONALLY

PUERTO R I C O SOUTH

85

FREQUENT

SALVADOR ( E L ) K3 (DORSOALVEOLAR PLANA)

22

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

K3

23

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L ) (ALSO K2)

K3

24

PREDOMINANT

27

FREQUENT

K3

SALVADOR ( E L ) K3 CAPICODBNTAL PLANA) VENEZUELA NORTH ( H A L F )

FREQUENT 27 K3 (APICODENTAL PLANA)

COLOMBIA K4 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY) COLOMBIA N A R I N O (NOT

ALL CLASSES

51

SOMETIMES

CULTA

K4 3 INCLUDING COASTAL REGION OF TUMACO)

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (ALL,

K4 27 EXCEPT CARCHI: TULCAN)

ECUADOR K4 114 GENERAL M O U N T A I N S ( I N C L U D I N G Q U I T O , BUT EXCEPT T U L C A N I N N O R T H ) ECUADOR K4 115 GENERAL M O U N T A I N S ( E X C E P T LOJA A N D E L C A R C H I ) .

212 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

K4

114

COLOMBIA K5 (ENTIRE CCUNTRYI

51

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

K5

COSTA R I C A COLOMBIA N A R I N U (NOT

GENERAL SOMETIMES

CULTA

SOHET I M E S

M I D D L E CLASS

K5 3 RUSTIC INCLUDING COASTAL REGION OF TUMACO) K5

96

SOMETIMES

LI ROSARI 0

38

NEVFR

MEXICO ARGENTINA SANTA FE:

SPEAKERS

USAGE

ALL C L A S S E S

BOLIVIA LI 107 SANTA C R U Z : V A L L E G R A N D E ( P R O V I N C E ) CHILE CHILOE

C L A S E POPULAR

LI 89 ( D A T A C I T E D B Y OROZ F R O M REPORT G I V E N T O H I M )

CHILE LI 89 C H I L O E : O U I N C H A Q : A C H A O ( D A T A C I T E D B Y OROZ

FROM R E P O R T »

COLOMBIA

LI

26

GENERAL

COLOMBIA

LI

27

GENERAL

COLOMBIA

LI

43

GENERAL

LI COLOMBIA ( E N T I R E COUNTRY)

47

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

COLOMBIA LI ( E N T I R E COUNTRY)

51

GENERAL

CULTA

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

LI

48

COLOMBIA 80LIVAR

LI

50

GENERAL

COLOMBIA LI 3 N A R I N O I NOT I N C L U D I N G COASTAL R E G I O N

OF T U M A C O »

ALL C L A S S E S

COLOMBIA LI 53 SOMETIMES N O R T E D E S A N T A N D E R ( A V E C E S C O N ELE.M. V E L A R A B I E R T O COLOMBIA SANTANDER

LI

52

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A

LI

27

GENERAL

CUBA

LI

27 61

GENERAL

14

ALWAYS

CUBA LI ( E N T I R E COUNTRY) CUBA LI HAVANA ( P R O V I N C E å

CITY»

ECUADOR COAST

Ll

18

ECUADOR COAST

LI

27

ECUADOR COAST

Ll

114

GENERAL

SUAVE»

INCULTA

ALL C L A S S E S

213 COUNTRY

I N D E X N O.

AUTHOR

USAGE

GUATEMALA

LI

27

GENERAL

HONDURAS

LI

27

GENERAL

27

MEXICO LI (EXCEPT ALTIPLANICIE) MEXICO LI D . F . : S A N T O T O M A S AJUSCO MEXICO JALISCO

SPEA*

7

32

LI

6

MEXICO LI O A X A C A 1 SEE ALSO L4)

SOMETIMES ALWAYS (UNCERTAIN)

PREDOMINANT â MEXICO LI Y U C A T A N ( »OE C A R A C T E R F A R I N G E Q ANTE A, 0,1»...' NICARAGUA

Lt

27

GENERAL

NICARAGUA

LI

68

GENERAL

PANAMA

LI

27

GENERAL

PERU COAST (NORTH)

LI

27

PUERTO RICO

LI

27

GENERAL

PUERTO RICO Li ( E N T I R E COUNTRY»

85

GENERAL

PUERTO «ICO

LI

104

PUERTO R I C O

LI

106

WOMEN

SEE L5)

GENERAL

PUERTO R I C O LI AGUAOILLA: AGUADILLA

35

PUERTO R I C O A R E C I B O : MANATI

69

ALWAYS

ALL Cl

117

ALWAYS

ALL Cl

40

GENERAL

ALL Cl

91

ALWAYS

ALL Cl

PUERTO R I C O LI HUMACAO: FAJARDQ

54

ALWAYS

ALL Cl

PUERTO RICO Ll HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

GENERAL

ALL Cl

PUERTO R I C O P O N C E : PONCE

41

ALWAYS

ALL Cl

LI

PUERTO RICO LI GUAYANA: BARRANQUITAS PUERTO RICO GUAYANA: CAYEY

LI

PUERTO RICO LI HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O

Ll

å CITY)

109 PUERTO R I C O Ll SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA) PUERTO RICO Li SAN J U A N : RAYAMON

62

YOUNG S P E A K E R S ALWAYS

PUERTO R I C O Ll 95 SOMETIMES SAN JUAN: GUAYNABO (OCCASIONALLY « S E M I ASPERA«

ALL C L A S S E S ALL C L A S S E S

214 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO LI SAN J U A N : SANTURCE

20

ALWAYS

REP DOMINICAN*

LI

27

GENERAL

REP OOMINICANA

LI

57

GENERAL

REP OOMINICANA

LI

86

GENERAL

RURAL

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

LI

63

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

SALVADOR

(EL)

LI

23

GENERAL

SALVADOR

IEL)

LI

24

SALVADOR

(EL)

LI

27

GENERAL

UNITED STATES

LI

93

GENERAL

UNITED STATES LI BORDER A R E A W I T H M E X I C O

27

UNITED STATES FLORIDA

27

LI

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

14 ALWAYS LI £ V I C I N I T Y (CUBANS)

UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST.

LI 74 BERNARD PARISH

UNITED STATES LI 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS) UNITED STATES LI NEW MEXICO: SAN ANTONITO UNITED STATES N E W YORK C I T Y

15

LI 34 (PUERTO RICANSI

UNITED STATES TEXAS

LI

27

VENEZUELA

LI

27

VENEZUELA

LI

56

ARGENTINA

L2

76

CHILE 88 L2 ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y ) ( A L S O L3 , L4 ) CHILE SANTIAGO

L2 (MIDDLE CLASS)

MEXICO L2 VALLE DE M E X I C O MEXICO L2 YUCATAN ( «LA J ( F Q N . X ) UNITED STATES L2 NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O ARGENTINA L3 SAN LUIS ( R U R A L ! ( N O R T H ) CHILE

L3

I I NT EPVOCAL IC f SOMETIMES (VAPIES WITHIN

ALL C L A S S E S OTHERWISE L4» SPEAKER)

RAPID SPEECH GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

GENERAL GENERAL FREQUENT

110

GENERAL

78

GENERAL

EDUCATED

8 NEVER ES O E S C O N O C I D A « ) 15

118 27

PREDOMINANT SOMETIMES GENERAL

OLDFP S P F A K E P S

215 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

CHILE L3 9È I E N T I R E COUNTRY» (ALSO L2,L4)

USAGE

SPEAKERS

FREQUENT

MEXICO L3 8 NEVER YUCATAN ( « L A J < F O N . XI ES O E S C O N O C I O A « ) ARGENTINA L4 I E N T I R E COUNTRY!

59

ARGENTINA L4 118 PREDOMINANT S A N L U I S ( R U R A L ) « E X C E P T SOME OLDER S P E A K E R S ARGENTINA L4 SANTA FE : R O S A R I Q

38

CHILE L4 88 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY) (ALSO L 2 , L 3 ) COSTA K I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

L4

37

ECUADOR GUAYAQUIL

L4

67

L4

18

(CITY)

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

ALWAYS

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

GENERAL

MEXICO L4 D . F . : SANTO TOMAS A J U S C O

ALL CLASSES

URBAN

GENERAL

114

L3I

FREQUENT

ECUADOR L4 114 MOUNTAINS ( « U V U L A R V I B R A N T E » ) L4

I N NORTH,

INDIANS

7 PREDOMINANT ( A L W A Y S « F R i C A T I V A POSTPAL AT AL« )

MEXICO L4 19 GENERAL GUANAJUATO ( ' N O SE P A L A T A L I Z A ANTE VOCAL A N T E R I O R · ) MEXICO MEXICO ( C I T Y )

L4

66

MEXICO L4 6 (UNCERTAIN) MEN OAXACA ( «SUNIOO...ACOMPANADO DE C I E R T A V I B R A C I O N « ) (SEE L I ) MEXICO L4 YUCATAN ( « L A J ( F C N . X )

8 NEVER ES D E S C O N O C I D A 1 I

PANAMA L4 100 ALWAYS CENTRAL PROVINCES C «VOICELESS VELAR S P I R A N T « ) PERU AREQUIPA

L4

13

PERU LIMA

L4

13

RURAL

UNITED STATES L4 74 L O U I S I A N A : S T . BERNARD PARISH ( I N I T I A L , OTHERWISE L I )

UNITED STATES

L4

116

SOMETIMES

M I C H I G A N : D E T R O I T ( M E X I C A N S ) ( V A R I E S W I T H I N SPEAKER) COLOMBIA L5 53 SOMETIMES NORTE OE SANTANOER ( A S P I R A C I O N CON ELEM.VELAR ABIERTO SUAVE) COSTA RICA L5 96 GENERAL MIDDLE CLASS VALLE CENTRAL MEXICO L5 8 YUCATAN ( « . . . Y SE P R O N U N C I A B A P O S T P A L A T A L

ANTE I« I

216 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

MEXICO L5 8 EMPHATIC Y U C A T A N ( * . . . D A B A LUGAR A UNOS S O N I O O S I N T E R M E O I O S » ) CHILE SANTIAGO

Ml ( M I D D L E CLASS!

EDUCATED

110

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

Ml

48

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR

Ml

50

Ml COLOMBIA R A P I D SPEECH ALL C L A S S E S N A R I N O ( N O T I N C L.UD UDING COASTAL REGION OF TUMACO)

COLOMBIA NARINÜ

Ml

26

COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

Ml Ml

2

FREQUENT

COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

«*1

96

FREQUENT

M I D D L E CLASS

CUBA Ml (ENTIRE COUNTRY)

61

CUBA Ml HAVANA < PROVINCE L C I T Y )

14

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Ml

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Ml

114

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Ml

115

MEXICO

Ml

19

MEXICO

Ml

70

MEXICO

Ml

79

MEXICO

Ml

113

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

Ml

17

MEXICO O . F . : SANTO TCMAS AJUSCO

7

MEXICO J A L I SCO

Ml

29

MEXICO JALISCO

Ml

32

RAPE INCULTA

EXIC3 Ml 6 O A X A C A ( » F S M A S U N RASGO D E L H A B L A U R B A N A QUE D E L A R U R A L · ) MEXICO Ml 11 SAN L U I S POTQSI : T Ä M A Z U N C H A L E MEXICO Ml V A L L E OF M E X I C O

78

Ml

25

PFRU LIMA

FREQUENT GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S WOMEN

217 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

PUERTO VICO

Ml

10*

PUERTO RICO

Ml

105

PUERTT RICH

Ml

106

PUERTO RICO

Ml

35

SPORADIC

90

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO Ml ARFCIBO: MANATI

69

FREQUENT

PUERTO R I C O EAST

85

AGUADILLA: A G U A D I L L A PUERTO RICO MI A R E C I B O : BARCELONETA Ml

117

PUERTO R I C O Ml GUAYANA: 8ARRANQUITAS

PUERTO RICO Ml 91 H U M A C A O ( D I S T R I T O C CI T Y )

SPEAKERS

ALL C L A S S E S

RARE SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO Ml HUMACAO: FAJAROO

54

SPORADIC

CULT A

PUERTO PICO Ml HUMACAO: VIEQUES

33

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

PREDOMINANT

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O Ml 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA)

(•SUELE...ENSORDECERSE· )

PUERTO R I C O Ml 62 SAN JUAN: BAYAMON ( E S P E C I A L L Y CULTA)

ALL C L A S S E S

Ml PUERTO RICO SAN J U A N : G U A Y N AÈÏ 80

95

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO S A N J U A N : SANT

Ml CE

20

OCCAS I ON ALLY

E X C E P T CULTA

REP OOMINICANA

Ml

86

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

Ml

63

SALVADOR

(EL)

Ml

22

SALVADOR

(EL)

Ml

23

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

Ml

24

SOMETIMES

Ml

14

GENERAL

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

Ml UNITED STATES NEW MEXICO: SAN ANTONITO

VENEZUELA

Ml

RURAL SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

15

56

BOLIVIA M2 107 SANTA C R U Z : VALLE GRANDE ( P R O V I N C E ) COLOMBIA NARIN (NOT

M2 INCLUDING

3 COASTAL

COLOMBIA NARINO (NOT

M2 3 I N C L U D I N G COASTAL

CLASE POPULAR (IN CLUSTERS;LEER>LEIR)

GENERAL RUSTIC REGION OF TUMACO) SOMETIMES URBAN REGION OF TUMACO) ( I N C U L T A )

218 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ECUADOR M2 115 SOMETIMES ( E X C E P T FREQUENT AMONG I N D I A N S l ECUADOR M2 114 M O U N T A I N S { E X C E P T NEAR TULCAN I N SOUTHI ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

M2

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

M2

115

FREQUENT

INDIANS

COLOMBIA M3 SOMETIMES RUSTIC N A R I N O ( N O T I N C L U D I N G COASTAL R E G I O N O F TUMACO) ECUADOR M3 115 SOMETIMES ( E X C E P T F R E Q U E N T AMONG I N D I A N S ! ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

M3

115

ARGENTINA

Nl

28

ARGENTINA

Nl

59

FREQUENT

INDIANS ALL CLASSES

ARGENTINA Nl GENERAL ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y , EXC. PATAGONI A t T I E R R A DEL FUEGO, S O M E T I M E S » ARGENTINA

Nl

120

GENERAL

ARGENTINA Nl ( E N T I R E CCUNTRYI

121

GENERAL

ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

111

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

Nl

ARGENTINA Nl 122 BUENOS A I R E S ( A L S O N2 » R A R E I ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

Nl

12

ARGENTINA PATAGONIA

Nl

103

ALL CLASSES

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA NL RIO DE LA P L A T A REGI ON

36

CULTA

ARGENTINA Nl RIO 0£ LA PLATA REGI ON

65

ALL CLASSES

ARGENTINA Nl SAN L U I S (RURAL)

118

GENERAL

ARGENTINA Nl SANTA F E : R O S A R I O

38

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

ARGENTINA Nl 103 ALWAYS S A N T I A G O D E L ESTERO 1 SOUTH, P A R T ) ARGENTINA Nl T I E R R A D E L FUEGO

103

BOLIVIA

Nl

64

BOLIVIA

Nl

65

BOLIVIA Nl ( M O S T OF C O U N T R Y )

103

SOMETIMES EXCEPT CULT COLLOQUIAL

URBAN

219 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

BOLIVIA Nl ( E N T I R E CCUNTRYI

103

PREDOMINANT

BOLIVIA Nl COCHABAMBA ( A L S O N 2 )

103

SOMETIMES

BOLIVIA LA PAZ I D E P T )

103

SOMETIMES

103

SOMETIMES

36

SOMETIMES

103

SOMETIMES

Nl (ALSO N2>

BOLIVIA Nl ORURO ( A L S O N 2 ) BOLIVIA POTOSI

Nl

BOLIVIA POTOSI ( P A R T I

Nl (ALSO N2)

BOLIVIA Nl 107 ALWAYS SANTA C R U Z : V A L L E G R A N D E ( P R O V I N C E » BOLIVIA Nl S O U T H W E S T ( A L S O N2I

103

SOMETIMES SOMETIMES

SPEAKERS C L A S F POPULAR

CLASE

POPULAP

BOLIVIA TAR I JA

Nl

36

CHILE

Nl

65

VULGO

CHILE

Ì

65

RUSTIC

Nl

88

C L A S E P1PULAP

CHILE

Nl

88

UNW STUDENTS

CHILE

Nl

88

CAMPESINOS

CHILE (URBAN

RURAL)

89 CHILE Nl ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, ESPECIALLY LOWEP CLASSES! (ALSO N21

CHILE Nl (ENTIRE COUNTRY,PARTS)

103 SOMETIMES (ALSO N2)

CHILE Nl 103 (•ESTE USO ES CONSIOEPADO MAS V U L G A P « ) CENTRAL ( T H I R D ) CHILE NORTH

Nl 103 ALWAYS ( P A R T , « U N A REG I C N . . . E N T P C A N T O F A G A S T A Õ C O P I A P O · )

Nl CHILE NORTH ( å SOUTH)

103

ALL

Nl CHILE 103 NORTH ( E X T R E M E ) ( A L S O N 2 )

SCMFT I M F S

CLASSES

CHILE SANTIAGO

Nl

39

SOMETIMES

CLASE POPULAR

CHILE SANTIAGO

Nl

39

SOMETIMES

M I D D L E CLASS

CHILE Nl SOUTH ( å N O R T H )

103

ALL C L A S S E S

Nl

28

ALL C L A S S E S

COLOMBIA Nl ( M U C H OF C C U N T R Y )

51

COLOMBIA (PARTS)

220 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

Nl

65

COLOMBIA Nl ( M U C H OF C O U N T R Y )

103

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

Nl

49

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

Nl

51

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

Nl

65

COLOMBIA (PARTS)

Nl

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

(å VICINITY»

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

Nl 103 (SOUTH, PARTS)

USAGE

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

GENERAL

COLOMBIA Nl ANTIOQUIA: REMEDICS COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA:

Nl SEGOVIA

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

Nl

46 65

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

Nl 84 CULTA OCCASIONALLY ( » H A B L A I N F O R M A L t OE M A N E R A N O S I S T E M A T I C A M

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

Nl 84 OCCASIONALLY («HABLA FAMILIAR·)

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR (PARTS)

Nl

81

COLOMBIA Nl B O L I V A R : MAGANGUE

65

COLOMBIA Nl B O L I V A R : MOMPOS

65

INCULTA

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR :

Nl 82 GENERAL SAN B A S I L I C D E P A L E N Q U E

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR :

Nl 84 ALWAYS NEGROES SAN B A S I L I C OE PALENQUE ( « E S TOTALMENTE V O S E A N T E · )

NEGROES

COLOMBIA Nl 81 BOLIVAR : SAN M A R T I N DE LOBA COLOMBIA Nl 84 B O L I V A R : SANM A R T I N DE LOBA

OCCASIONALLY

COLOMBIA Nl BOLIVAR : S I M I T I

84

OCCASIONALLY

COLOMBIA Nl 84 BOYACA ( A S Y S T E M A T 1 C U S A G E )

OCCASIONALLY

COLOMBIA CALDAS

Nl

51

COLOMBIA CALDAS

Nl

84

COLOMBIA CALDAS

Nl

103

GENERAL

VULGO

221 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA Nl 84 GENERAL CAUCA ( » C O N O I F E R E N C I A S DE G R A D O · ) COLOMBIA CAUCA

Nl

103

COLOMBIA CHOCO ( E L )

Nl

45

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA CHOCO ( E L »

Nl

84

GENERAL

COLOMBIA Nl COAST ( A T L A N T I C )

103

COLOMBIA Nl 84 OCCASIONALLY CUNDINAMARCA I A S Y S T E M A T I C USAGE) COLOMBIA HUILA

Nl

COLOMBIA Nl MAGDALENA : RIO DE ORO

84 108

Nl

84

COLOMBIA Nl NARINO (MOUNTAINS)

51

COLUMBIA NARINO

Nl

84

COLOMBIA NARINU

Nl

103

COLOMBIA N A R I N O : TUMACO

Nl

103

COLOMBIA ÌÅÔÁ

VULGO

OCCASIONALLY GENERAL OCCAS I O N A L L Y

GENERAL

COLOMBIA Nl 53 SOMETIMES N O R T E DE S A N T A N D E R ( ' D E M U C H A C O M F I A N Z A Õ F A M I L I AR I DAD· ) COLOMBIA Nl NORTE DE S A N T A N D E R

84

GENERAL

COLOMBIA Nl 84 NORTE DE SANTANDER: OCANA

GENERAL

COLOMBIA SANTANDER

OCCASICNALLY

Nl

84

COLOMBIA Nl 84 GENERAL SOUTHWEST ( « C O N D I F E R E N C I A S DE GRADO·) COLOMBIA TOLIMA

Nl

84

COLOMBIA VALLE ( E L )

Nl

51

OCCASIONALLY

COLOMBIA Nl 84 V A L L E ( « C O N O l F E H E N C I A S OE G R A D O · ) COLOMBIA VALLE

Nl

103

COSTA R I C A

Nl

I

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A Nl ( E N T I R F COUNTRY»

2

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

222 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

COSTA R I C A

Nl

28

COSTA R I C A

Nl

36

SOMETIMES

COSTA

RICA

Nl

65

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A

Nl

103

ALWAYS

SPEAKERS ALL C L A S S E S ALL C L A S S E S

96 COSTA R I C A Nl VALLE CENTRAL ( « T U 1 S P O R A D I C )

PREDOMINANT

M I O O L E CLASS

CUBA

ALWAYS

ALL AGES

Nl

73

CAMAGUEY: CAMAGUEY ( N E V E R »vos'i

CUBA Nl 65 E A S T ( V E R Y SMALL PART O F I N T E R I O R I CUBA Nl EAST ( N E V E R » V O S ' I

73

ALWAYS

ALL AGES

CUBA ORIENTE:

Nl 73 BAYAMO (NEVER » V O S « )

ALWAYS

ALL AGES

CUBA ORIENTE:

Nl 73 ALWAYS MANZANILLO (NEVER «VOSM

ALL AGES

ECUADOR AZUAY: CUENCA

Nl

65

ECUADOR CARCHI

Nl

115

ECUADOR COAST

Nl

65

ECUADOR COAST

Nl

11*

ECUADOR COAST

Nl

115

RUSTIC

ECUADOR ESMERALDAS

Nl

115

NEGROES

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Nl

28

( A L S O N2)

SOMETIMES RURAL SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR Nl 36 MOUNTAINS (RURAL AND URBAN) ECUADOR Nl 65 M O U N T A I N S (NORTH AND C E N T R A L O N L Y ) ECUADOR Nl 103 MOUNTAINS (PARTS) (ALSO N2)

SOMETIMES

ECUADOR Nl MOUNTAINS (PARTS)

103

ALWAYS

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

11*

PREDOMINANT

Nl

ECUADOR Nl M O U N T A I N S ( E X C E P T LOJA)

115

GUATEMALA

Nl

28

GUATEMALA

Nl

36

GUATEMALA

Nl

65

ALL CLASSES

223 I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

GUATEMALA

Nl

103

HONDURAS

Nl

28

HONDURAS

Nl

36

HONDURAS

Nl

103

MEXICO CHIAPAS

Nl

28

MEXICO CHIAPAS

Nl

36

MEXICO CHIAPAS

Nl

65

MEXICO Nl C H I A P A S ( ALSO N2I

103

COUNTRY

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ALWAYS ALL C L A S S E S ALWAYS ALL CLASSES

MEXICO 65 Nl SOUTHEAST t B E T W E E N G U A T E M A L A A N D I S T M O DE T E H U A N T E P E C 1 MEXICO TABASCO

Nl

28

MEXICO TABASCO C M O S T I

Nl

65

MEXICO TABASCO ( P A R T S »

Nl

103

NICARAGUA

Nl

28

NICARAGUA

Nl

36

NICARAGUA

Nl

65

NICARAGUA

Nl

68

NICARAGUA

Nl

103

PANAMA

Nl

28

PANAMA

Nl

36

PANAMA

Nl

99

INCULTA

PANAMA

Nl

99

RURAL

(VILLAGES}

PANAMA Nl BORDER A R E A W I T H COSTA PANAMA CENTRAL

ALL C L A S S E S

ALL CLASSES

GENERAL ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

103 R I C A ( A L S O N2I

Nl 100 P R O V I N C E S ( TOWNS!

OCCASIONALLY

PANAMA Nl 100 SOMETIMES C E N T R A L P R O V I N C E S 1 R U R A L ONLY1 ( A L S O N 2 I PANAMA Nl CENTRAL PROVINCES PANAMA CHIRIQUI

Nl

100

NEVER

99

PANAMA Nl 99 COAST ( P A C I F I C f WEST OF C A N A L Z O N E I PANAMA COCLE

Nl

ALL CLASSES

99

ILLITERATE RURAL EDUCATED

224 I N D E X NO.

COUNTRY

AUTHOR

PANAMA HERRERA

Nl

99

PANAMA INTERIOR

Nl

65

PANAMA LOS SANTOS

Nl

99

USAGE

SPEAKERS

RURAL

99 PANAMA Nl VERAGUAS ESPECIALLY MOUNTAINS)

PARAGUAY

Nl

28

ALL C L A S S E S

PARAGUAY

Nl

36

CULTA

PARAGUAY

Nl

65

PARAGUAY Nl (ALSO N2t CULTA)

75

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

PARAGUAY Nl 103 ALWAYS ( ' P O B L A C I O N E S . . . E N T R E E L ( R I O ) P A R A G U A Y Õ EL ALTO P A R A N A « ) PARAGUAY Nl 103 SOMETIMES ( » V A R I A S P O B L A C I O N E S . . . ( C E R C A ) DEL RIO PARAGUAY» ) PARAGUAY Nl ( M O S T OF C O U N T R Y )

103

PARAGUAY ASUNCION

103

SOMETIMES

65

SOMETIMES SOMETIMES

Nl

PERU ANCASH ( U S A G E

Nl DECLINING)

PERU

Nl

13

PERU

Nl

65

PERU

Nl

13

SOMETIMES GROUND)

PERU

Ni

65

SOMET I M E S

ANCASH: C A J A M A R Q U I L L A ANCASH: CAJAMARQUILLA

ANCASH: PALLASCA é · ô õ · G A I N I N G

ANCASH: PALLASCA (USAGE DECLINI N G )

PERU Nl 13 AREQUIPA (RURAL AND UR8AN) PERU AREQUIPA PERU AREQUIPA

Ni

65

Nl ( S M A L L PART)

103

PERU Nl CAJAMARCA: BAMBAMARCA

103

PERU CAJAMARCA:

Nl

103

PERU Nl CAJAMARCA: CUTERVO

103

CHOTA

ALWAYS

._ 13 SOMETIMES PERU Nl COAST ( N O R T H E R N ) ( B U T » T U · G A I N I N G GROUND)

INDIANS

PERU C O A S T < NORTH)

INDIANS

Nl 65 SOMETIMES (USAGE DECLINING)

225 COUNTRY PERU LIBERTAO

I N D E X NO. (LAI

PERU PtURA

SPEAKERS

65 103

PERU Nl MOQUEGUA ( A L S O N 2 ) (PARTS)

USAGE

Nl 13 SOMETIMES PATAS ( « T U · G A I N I N G GROUND!

PERU Nl LIBERTAO ( L A I : PATAS

PERU NORTH

AUTHOR

Nl

65

Nl

65

PERU Ì PUNO ( S O U T H E R N P A R T I

103 ( A L S O N2 I

PERU Nl 65 S A N M A R T I N ( U S A G E D E C L I N I NG)

SOMETIMES

PERU Nl SAN M A R T I N : SAN M A R T I N

13

PERU Nl SOUTH ( E X T R E M E PART)

36

PERU SOUTH

Nl

65

PERU SOUTH ( E X T R E M E )

Nl 103 (ALSO N2)

SOMETIMES

PERU TACNA ( A L S O N 2 )

Nl

103

SOMETIMES

PUERTO R I C O Nl HUMACAO: FAJARDO

54

FREQUENT

EXCEPT CULTA

PUERTO RICO Nl SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

Nl

63

NEVER

ALL C L A S S E S

SALVADOR ( E L )

Nl

23

SALVADOR ( E L )

Nl

2«

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

28

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

36

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

65

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

103

ALWAYS

Nl

28

URUGUAY

URUGUAY Nl (EXCEPT ULTRASIERRAI

97

RARE

CAMPESINOS GENERAL ALL C L A S S E S ALL C L A S S E S ALL CLASSES GENERAL

URUGUAY Nl 101 ( E X C E P T U L T R A S I E R R A I N SOUTH A N D S O U T H E A S T ) URUGUAY Nl 103 ( E X C E P T U L T R A S I E R R A I N EAST C NEAR B R A Z I L BORDER IN N O R T H ) URUGUAY Nl LAVALLEJA (PARTS)

101

226 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

URUGUAY MONTEVIDEO

Nl

65

URUGUAY MONTEVIDEO

Nl

83

URUGUAY Nl T R E I N T A V TRES ( P A R T S ) Nl

36

VENEZUELA COAST ( W E S T )

Nl

65

VENEZUELA FALCON ( P A R T )

Nl

65

VENEZUELA Nl INTERIOR (ALSC N2)

103

VENEZUELA LARA (PART)

Nl

65

VENEZUELA MERIOA

Nl

65

VENEZUELA MOUNTAINS

Nl

65

VENEZUELA TACHIRA

Nl

65

VENEZUELA

Nl

65

VENEZUELA TRUJILLO

Nl

65

VENEZUELA Nl ZULIA: MARACAI80

65

VENEZUELA ZULIA: PERIJA

10

Nl

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

101

VENEZUELA ( E X C E P T COAST»

TACHIRA: SAN CRISTOBAL

USAGE

ARGENTINA N2 120 ( « F A M I L I A S T R A O I C I O N A L E S ·) ARGENTINA N2 121 ( » F A N I L I A S T R A O I C I O N A L E S ·)

OCCASIONALLY

OLDER

SPEAKERS

OLDER S P E A K E R S

RARE ARGENTINA N2 122 BUENOS A I R E S ( S C H O O L I N F L U E N C E )

ARGENTINA PATAGONIA

N2

103

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA N2 ÑÉÏ DE LA PLATA REGION

36

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA N2 RIO DE LA PLATA REGION

65

RARE

ARGENTINA N2 SANTA FF : R O S A R I 0

38

SCHOOL I NFL

ARGENTINA N2 T I E R R A DEL FUEGO

103

BOLIVIA

N2

36

ALL C L A S S E S

227 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

BOLIVIA

N2

64

CUL T A

BOLIVIA

N2

65

CULTA

N2 BOLIVIA COCHABAMBA ( A L S O N i l

103

SOMETIMES

BOLIVIA N2 LA P A 2 I D E P T I ( A L S O N l )

103

SOMETIMES

N2 BOLIVIA ORURO ( A L S O N i l

103

SOMETIMES

BOLIVIA N2 POTOSI ( P A R T I ( A L S O N l )

103

SOMETIMES

BOLIVIA N2 SOUTHWEST ( ALSO N i l

103

SOMETIMES

CHILE

N2

65

CULT A

CHILE

N2

88

UPPER CLASS

CHILE

N2

88

H I DDL E CLASS

CHILE N2 89 ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y , E S P E C I A L L Y UPPER CHILE N2 (ENTIRE COUNTRY,PARTS» CHILE ANTOFAGASTA

N2

CLASSES) ( A L S O N i l

103 SOMETIMES (ALSO N l ) 88

ALL CLASSES

CHILE N2 103 CENTRAL ( T H I R D I ( » U S D ( D E VOS) ES CONSIOERADO MAS V U L G A R · ) CHILE CHILOE

N2

88

ALL CLASSES

CHILE N2 103 NORTH ( E X T R E M E ! ( A L S O N l )

SOMETIMES

CHILE SANTIAGO

N2

39

SOMETIMES

CLASE POPULAR

CHILE SANTIAGO

N2

39

SOMETIMES

MIDDLE CLASS

CHILE N2 88 TARAPACA (SOUTH H A L F , FROM I Q U I Q U E SOUTH) CHILE N2 T I E R R A DEL FUEGO COLOMBIA (PARTS)

103

N2

65

COLOMBIA N2 (MUCH OF COUNTRY)

103

COLOMBIA N2 ATLANTICO: BARRANQUILLA COLOMBIA N2 BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

65

COLOMBIA BOGOTA ( C I T Y )

65

N2

51

ALL CLASSES

228 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

N2

81

COLOMBIA N2 BOLIVAR: CARTAGENA

65

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR < PARTS)

USAGE

SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA RARE N2 82 NEGROES B O L I V A R : S A N B A S I L I O DE PALENQUE ( · D E U S D R E S T R I N G I O O « ) COLOMBIA CHOCO « E D

N2

45

COLOMBIA N2 COAST ( A T L A N T I C »

51

COLOMBIA N2 COAST ( A T L A N T I C )

65

SOMETIMES

COLOMBIA N2 103 ALWAYS COAST ( P A C I F I C ) ( E R R O R I N T E X T READS « C O S T A A T L A N T I C A · , P 6 8 ) COLOMBIA N2 CUNDINAMARCA (PARTS)

103

ALWAYS

COLOMBIA N2 M A G D A L E N A : SANTA MART A

65

COLOMBIA N O R T E DE

N2 SANTANDER

53

COSTA R I C A

N2

2

GENERAL

COSTA

RICA

N2

2

AFFECTED

COSTA R I C A

N2

36

SOMETIMES

COSTA R I C A

N2

65

RARE

COSTA K I C A VALLE CENTRAL

N2

96

SPORADIC

M I D D L E CLASS

CUBA

N2

36

CUBA

N2

65 ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

CUBA N2 HAVANA < PROVINCE e

CITY)

14

ECUADOR N2 C A R C H I ( A L S O Nl )

115

ECUADOR COAST

N2

36

ECUADOR COAST

N2

65

ECUADOR COAST

N2

114

ECUADOR N2 115 COAST ( E X C E P T E S M E R A L D A S ) ECUADOR N2GUAYAQUIL (CITY)

65

N2 ECUADOR GUAYAS: GUAYAQUI L

65

N2

115

ECUADOR LOJA

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES FREQUENT GENERAL

CULT A

229 COUNTRr

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ECUADOR N2 65 MOUNTAINS (NORTH AND CENTRAL» ECUADOR N2 MOUNTAINS (SOUTH) ECUADOR N2 MOUNTAINS ( P A R T S ) (ALSO

USAGE

SPEAKERS

SCHOOL I NFL ( P U R I S T S ONLY! ALL C L A S S E S

65 103 Nl)

SOMETIMES RARE

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N2

ECUADOR SOUTH « E X T R E M E )

N2

103

GUATEMALA

N2

36

GUATEMALA

N2

65

HONDURAS

N2

36

MEXICO N2 (EXCEPT CHIAPAS)

36

(UNCERTAIN)

RARE

MEXICO N2 65 ( E X C E P T C H I A P A S t MOST O F T A B A S C O ,

A N D P A R T OF S O U T H E A S T )

MEXICO 103 ALWAYS N2 (ENTIRE COUNTRY,EXC.TABASCO (PARTS) å CHIAPAS ( S O M E T I M E S ) ) N2

113

N2 Nl)

103

MEXICO GUANAJUATO

N2

19

GENERAL

MEXICO JALISCO

N2

32

ALWAYS

NICARAGUA

N2

36

NICARAGUA

N2

65

PANAMA

N2

36

PANAMA (URBAN)

N2

99

MEXICO MEXICO C H I A P A S (ALSO

PANAMA (EXCEPT

RARE

N2 103 ALWAYS BORDER A R E A W I T H COSTA R I C A , N l å

PANAMA B O C A S D E L TORO

N2

M I O D L F CLASS Í2)

99

PANAMA N2 103 BORDER A R E A W I T H COSTA R I C A ( A L S O N i l PANAMA N2 100 PREDOMINANT RURAL CENTRAL PROVINCES (ALSO Nl IN EXCLUSIVELY RURAL ARFAS ONLY) PANAMA N2 99 C O A S T S ( A T L A N T I C A N D PARTS O F P A C I F I C ) PANAMA

N?

99

PANAMA COCLE: N A T A

N2

99

COCLE: ANTON

230 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

PANAMA COLON

N2

65

PANAMA COLON

N2

99

PANAMA OARIEN

N2

99

PANAMA N2 H E R R E R A : SANTA M A R I A

99

PANAMA PANAMA ( C I T Y )

N2

65

PANAMA PANAMA ( C I T Y )

N2

99

USAGE

SPEAKERS

99 FREQUENT PANAMA N2 NEGROES VERAGUAS (LLANOS ALONG COAST) PANAMA 99 »ONETIMES N2 VERAGUAS (LLANOS ALONG COAST» ESPECIALLY NEGRO A R E A S ! PARAGUAY PARAGUAY (ALSO Nl)

N2 N2

36 75

SOMETIMES

CULT A

SOMETIMES

CULTA

PARAGUAY 103 SOMETIMES N2 ( ' V A R I A S P O B L A C I O N E S . . . ( C E R C A ) DEL R I O P A R A G U A Y · ) PARAGUAY ASUNCION

N2

PARAGUAY N2 CONCEPCION: SAN L A Z A R O

103

SOMETIMES

103

ALWAYS

PERU N2 13 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, E X C E P T A R E O U I P A ) PERU N2 ( E X C E P T E X T R E M E SOUTH)

36

PERU N2 103 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY, E X C E P T SMALL PART OF A R E Q U I P A ) PERU

N2

PERU ANCASH

N2

112 65 13

SOMETIMES

PERU

N2 CAJAMARQUILLA

PERU

13 SOMETIMES N2 P A L L A S C A ( * T U * G A I N I N G GROUND)

ANCASH: ANCASH:

13 SOMETIMES PERU N2 COAST (NORTHERN) ( * TU 1 G A I N I N G GROUND) PERU COAST ( N O R T H )

N2

65

PERU CUZCO

N2

65

PERU LIMA

N2

13

INDIANS INDIANS

231 COUNTRY PERU LIMA

INDEX NO. N2

AUTHOR 65

PERU LIMA

N2

111

PERU LORE TO: I QUITO

N2

103

PERU N2 MOQUEGUA ( A L S O N i l PERU N2 PUNO (SOUTHERN PARTI PERU SAN M A R T I N

N2

PERU

N2

ALWAYS

SPEAKERS

ALL CLASSES

103 103 (ALSO N i l 65

SAN MARTIN: SAN MARTIN

13

PERU N2 103 SOUTH ( E X T R E M E ) ( A L S O N i l PERU N2 TACNA ( A L S O N i l

USAGE

PREDOMINANT SOMETIMES

103

PUERTO R I C O

N2

36

PUERTO PUERTO PUERTO PUERTO

RICO RICO RICO RICO

N2 N2 N2 N2

65

PUERTO R I C O

N2

85

ALWAYS

103 10* 105 35

ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO N2 A R E C I 8 0 : BARCELONETA

90

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO N2 A R E C I B O : MANATI

69

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

117

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

«0

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

91 PUERTO RICO N2 HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O £ CI TY) 33 PUERTO RICO N2 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S 109 PUERTO R I C O N2 SAN J U A N ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A ) PUERTO R I C O N2 111 SAN J U A N PUERTO R I C O N2 95 SAN J U A N : GUAYNABO PUERTO R I C O N2 20 SAN J U A N : SANTURCE

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

ALWAYS

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO N2 AGUADILLA: AGUAOILLA

PUERTO RICO N2 GUAYANA: BARRANQUITAS PUERTO RICO N2 GUAYAMA: CAYEY

232 COUNTRY

I

EX NO.

AUTHOR

USAG

REP OOMINICANA

N2

36

REP OOMINICANA

N2

65

REP OOMINICANA

N2

103

ALWAYS

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

N2

63

ALWAYS

SALVADOR ( E L )

N2

36

SPEAKERS

ALL CLASSES

65 SALVADOR ( E L ) N2 OCCASIONALLY ( E X C E P T G E N E R A L I N UPPER C L A S S ) SALVADOR

(EL)

UNITED S T A T E S FLORIDA: MIAMI

N2

65

GENERAL

N2 VICINITY

14 ALWAYS (CUBANS»

UNITED STATES N2 74 LOUISIANA: ST. BERNARD PARISH UNITED STATES N2 36 NEW MEXICO UNITED STATES N2 15 GENERAL NEW MEXICO: SAN ANTONITO UNITED STATES N2 34 A L W A Y S NEW YORK C I T Y (PUERTO RICANS) URUGUAY N2 97 OCCASIONALLY (EXCEPT GENERAL IN ULTRASIERRA) URUGUAY (PARTS)

N2

URUGUAY N2 ARTIGAS (EASTERN TIP)

UPPER CLASS ALL CLASSES

ALL CLASSES

103 103

URUGUAY N2 103 C E R R O LARGO ( P A R T OF NORTHERN T I P !

N2

103

URUGUAY LAVALLEJA

N2 (PARTS)

101

URUGUAY MALOONADO

N2

101

URUGUAY N2 MALOONADO (MOST)

103

N2

65

URUGUAY EAST ( P A R T S )

URUGUAY MONTEVIDEO

URUGUAY N2 NORTH ( B R A Z I L I A N BORDERf

RARE

103 ¸Í LA CUENCA DEL RIO T A C U A R E M B O · »

URUGUAY N2 103 R I V E R A ( P A R T OF W E S T E R N TIP å MOST OF E A S T ) URUGUAY ROC Ç A

N2

101

URUGUAY ROCHA ( M O S T )

N2

103

233 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

URUGUAY N2 SALTO ( E A S T E R N TI PI

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

103

URUGUAY N2 101 SOUTH ( € SOUTHEAST I N U L T R A S I E R R A ) URUGUAY N2 103 TACUAREMBO ( N O R T H E R N ÔÉ Ñ £ SMALL PART OF W E S T I URUGUAY N2 T R E I N T A Õ TRES C P A R T S I

101

URUGUAY ULTRASIERRA

97

URUGUAY ULTRASIERRA

N2 (IN

GENERAL

N2 101 SOUTHEAST OF COUNTRY I

URUGUAY ULTRASIERRA

N2

103

VENEZUELA

N2

36

CULTA

VENEZUELA CARACAS ( C I T Y I

N2

36

ALL CLASSES

VENEZUELA CARACAS ( C I T Y )

N2

65

VENEZUELA COAST

N2

36

VENEZUELA COAST

N2

103

VENEZUELA N2 EAST AND C E N T R A L

65

VENEZUELA N2 INTERIOR (ALSO Nil

103

ARGENTINA CUYQ

N3

65

ARGENTINA HENDOZA

N3

65

ARGENTINA SAN JUAN

N3

65

ARGENTINA SAN L U I S

N3

65

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

ARGENTINA N3 118 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L ) ( A L S O N4, N 5 ) BOLIVIA

N3

64

RURAL

BOLIVIA N3 64 BORDER A R E A M I T H A R G E N T I N A AND C H I L E

RURAL

BOLIVIA POTOSI

64

RURAL

BOLIVIA N3 SANTA CRUZ DE LA S I E R R A

64

RURAL

BOLIVIA TAR I J A

64

RURAL

N3

N3

234 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

BOLIVIA N3 WEST 1 SMALL R E G I O N )

USAGE

AUTHOR

103

N3

88

SOMETIMES

CHILE N3 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY!

89

PREDOMINANT

CHILE N3 CENTRAL ( & NORTH)

103

CHILE N3 L I N A R E S ( A L S O N4)

103

CHILE N3 NORTH ( £ CENTRAL)

103

CHILE

SPEAKERS

CHILE SANTIAGO

N3

39

COLOMBIA (PART)

N3

103

COLOMBIA N3 81 B O L I V A R : SAN M A R T I N OE LOBA COLOMBIA N3 84 GENERAL B O L I V A R : SAN M A R T I N OE LOBA ( O N L Y ) CUBA É ·ÅÍ

LA PARTE

N3 103 VOSEANTE OE CUBA* )

ECUADOR (URBAN)

N3

65

ECUADOR

N3

65

ECUADOR COAST

N3

65

ECUADOR N3 COTOCOLLAO ( T O W N ? )

103

ECUADOR IMBABURA

N3

103

ECUADOR LOJA ( A L S O N4)

N3

103

SEMICULTA

RURAL INDIANS

ECUADOR N3 103 MOUNTAINS ( I N NORTH ONLY, EXCEPT C A R C H I ) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N3

114

EXCEPT CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N3

115

RUSTIC

ECUADOR N3 103 NORTH ( M O U N T A I N S , E X C E P T C A R C H I ) ECUADOR N3 PICHINCHA (NORTH)

103

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

N3

65

PANAMA

N3

65

PANAMA ( A L S O N4, N5)

N3

99

PREDOMINANT

235 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

PANAMA N3 100 C E N T R A L PROVINCES I A L S O N5 I

USAGE

SPEAKERS

SOMETIMES

RURAL

PANAMA WEST

N3

103

OCCASIONALLY

CLASE POPULAR

PANAMA WEST

N3

103

FREQUENT

CDLTA

PERU AREQUIPA

N3

65

PERU SOUTH

N3

103

N3 N3

103

OCCASIONALLY

CLASE POPULAR

103

FREQUENT

CULTA

SALVADOR

(EL)

SALVADOR

(ELI

VENEZUELA N3 103 ( » I N K E O I A T A M E ÍÔÅ AL SUR Õ AL ESTE DEL LAGO DE M A R A C A I B O · ) VENEZUELA COAST ( W E S T )

N3

65

VENEZUELA ZULU

N3

103

ARGENTINA N4 ( E X C E P T NORTHWEST)

65

N4

103

ARGENTINA

N4 ARGENTINA 122 BUENOS A I R E S ( A L S O N5 f RARE} ARGENTINA N4 RIO DE LA PLATA REGION

36

ARGENTINA N4 RIO DE LA PLATA R E G I O N

65

GENERAL CULTA

ARGENTINA N* 118 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L ) ( A L S O N31 N 5 ) ARGENTINA N4 SANTA F E : ROSARIO

38

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

ARGENTINA N4 103 SOMETIMES SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (SOUTH, PART I

URBAN

BOLIVIA

N*

64

RURAL

BOLIVIA

N4

65

RURAL

BOLIVIA

m

103

BOLIVIA N* 64 BORDER A R E A M I T H A R G E N T I N A AND C H I L E

RURAL

N4

64

RURAL

BOLIVIA N4 SANTA CRUZ DE LA S I E R R A

64

RURAL

BOLIVIA N* SANTA CRUZ DE LA S I E R R A

65

BOLIVIA POTOSI

BOLIVIA N4 . 107 SANTA C R U Z : VALLE GRANDE ( P R O V I N C E )

CLASE POPULA»

236 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

BOLIVIA TAR I J A

N4

64

BOLIVIA TAR I JA

N4

65

CHILE

N4

65

OCCASIONALLY

CHILE

M

88

SOMETIMES

N4 CHILE ( P A R T S OF C O U N T R Y )

89

SOMETIMES

N4

103

ALK AY S

CHILE N4 B I O - B I O : LOS ANGELES

103

ALWAYS

CHILE CONCEPCIONt

103

ALWAYS

CHILE A R A U C O : LEBU

N4 SOUTH OF

CHILE N4 L I N A R E S ( A L S O N3!

USAGE

RURAL

RUSTIC

103

CHILE N4 103 M A G A L L A N E S : PUNTA A R E N A S

ALWAYS ALWAYS

CHILE MALL6CO: ANGGL

N4

103

CHILE SOUTH

N4

103

COLOMeiA N4 MUCH OF C O U N T R Y !

5l

N4

65

COLOMBIA

SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA N4 84 GENERAL (ALL «VOSEANTE« AREAS EXCEPT BOLIVAR: SAN M A R T I N OE LOBAf COLOMBIA

N4

COLOMBIA ANTIOOUI A

N4

103 49

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUI A

N4

51

COLOMBIA N4 ANTIOUUI A: REMEDIOS COLOMBIA ANTIOQUI A:

N4 SEGOVIA

GENERAL

46 46

COLOMBIA N4 82 GENERAL B O L I V A R : SAN B A S I L I O OE P A L E N Q U E

N4

51

COLOMBIA N4 NARINÜ (MOUNTAINS!

51

COLOMBIA N O R T E OE

53

COLOMBIA CALOAS

N4 SANTANOER

COLOMBIA VALLF ( E L )

N4

51

NEGROES

237 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

COSTA R I C A

NA

1

GENERAL

COSTA

RICA

NA

2

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A

NA

65

COSTA R I C A

NA

103

C L A S E POPULAR

COSTA R I C A

NA

103

S EM rCULTA

COSTA R I C A VALLE CENTRAL

NA

96

SOMETIMES

ALWAYS

MIDDLE CLASS

ECUADOR NA 103 CARCHI (FRO* COLOMBIAN INFLUENCE) ECUADOR COAST

NA

65

ECUADOR COAST

NA

103

ECUADOR COAST

NA

115

ECUADOR ESMERALDAS

MA

11A

ECUADOR LOJA ( A L S O N 3 )

NA

103

GUATEMALA

NA

65

GUATEMALA

NA

103

SEMICULTA

GUATEMALA

NA

103

CLASE POPULAR

HONDURAS

NA

65

HONDURAS

NA

103

SEMICULTA

HONDURAS

NA

103

CLASE POPULAR

MEXICO

NA

65

MEXICO

NA

103

CLASE POPULAR

MEXICO

NA

103

SEMICULTA

NICARAGUA

NA

103

SEMICULTA

NICARAGUA

NA

103

CLASE

PANAMA

NA

99

PANAMA

NA

103

SEMICULTA

PANAMA

NA

103

C L A S E POPULAR

PARAGUAY

NA

103

PERU AREQUIPA

NA

13

SALVADOR

(EL)

NA

2A

SALVADOR

(EL)

NA

65

SALVADOR

(EL)

NA

103

RURAL GENERAL RUSTIC GENERAL

NEGROES

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

POPULAR

RARE

SOMETIMES

CLASE POPULAR

238 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

URUGUAY

N4 N4

URUGUAY

m

103 97 103

VENEZUELA

N4

VENEZUELA FALCON ( P A R T )

N*

103 65

VENEZUELA LARA ( P A R T )

N4

65

VENEZUELA MERIDA

N4

65

VENEZUELA MOUNTAINS

N4

65

VENEZUELA TACHIRA

N*

65

ARGENTINA BUENOS A I R E S

N5

122

SALVADOR

(EL)

USAGE

SPEAKERS S EM I CULT A

RARE

ARGENTINA N5 118 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L ! ( A L S O N3 t N4) ARGENTINA N5 SANTA F E : R O S A R I O

SOMETIMES

CULT A

ARGENTINA N5 103 SOMETIMES SANTIAGO DEL E S T E R O ( S O U T H » PART)

URBAN

ARGENTINA N5 103 ALWAYS SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (SOUTH» P A R T )

RURAL

BOLIVIA N5 ( C L A S E POPULAR)

64

COLLOQUIAL

URBAN

BOLIVIA

N5

65

BOLIVIA LA PAZ

N5

65 89

SOMETIMES

VULGO

N5 N5

65 65

SOMETIMES

N5

103

ALWAYS

103

ALWAYS

CHILE CHILOE

N5 ( E S P E C I A L LLY) Y)

COSTA R I C A

ECUADOR ( U R B A N AND R U R A L ) ECUADOR A Z U A Y : CUENCA

ECUADOR N5 CENTRAL ( M O U N T A I N S )

38

SEMICULTA

ECUADOR N5 114 COAST ( I N C L U D I N G G U A Y A Q U I L )

ALL CLASSES

CAMPESINOS

ECUADOR N5 115 COAST ( R U R A L » E X C E P T ESMERALDAS) ECUADOR N5 CONOCO TO (TOWN?)

103

ALWAYS

ECUADOR N5 ALWAYS 103 COTOCOLLAO (TOWN?) ( E X C E P T POBLACION 1 N D I G E N A )

ALL CLASSES

239 SPEAKERS CAMPESINOS ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N5

IU

CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N5

115

EXCEPT

ECUADOR N5 115 M O U N T A I N S ( » V O S « LOSING GROUND) ECUADOR N5 TUNGURAHUA: P E L I L E O

103

ALWAYS

HONDURAS

N5

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

N5

65

SOMETIMES

NICARAGUA

N5

65

SOMETIMES

PANAMA

N5

99

RARE

PANAMA N5 100 C E N T R A L P R O V I N C E S ( A L S O N3) PARAGUAY

N5

36

PARAGUAY

N5

65

PERU

N5 ANCASH: CAJAMARQUILLA

13

PERU

N5

65

PERU CAJAMARCA

N5

103

ANCASH: CAJAMARQUILLA

SOMETIMES

PERU N5 CAJAMARCA: BAMBAMARCA

103

ALWAYS

PERU

N5

103

ALWAYS

PERU N5 CAJAMARCA: CUTERVO

103

ALWAYS

CAJAMARCA: CHOTA

PERU N5 L I B E R T A O ( L A ) : PATAS

13

PERU N5 L I B E R TAD ( L A ) : PATAS

65

N5

103

PERU N5 NORTHWEST (PARTS)

65

VENEZUELA Z U L I A : PERI JA

10

PERU LIBERTAD (LAI

N5

ARGENTINA N6 118 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L ) ( A L S O N 7 , N9)

ALL C L A S S E S

RURAL

240 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

BOLIVIA N6 103 BORDER A R E A W I T H CHILE G PERU CHILE N6 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A

103 & PERU

CUBA

N6

103

PANAMA

N6

65

PANAMA ( A L S O N 8 , N9I

N6

99

PANAMA CENTRAL

N6 100 P R O V I N C E S t ALSO N9>

PREDOMINANT SOMETIMES

RURAL

PERU N6 103 BORDER A R E A W I T H C H I L E å B O L I V I A VENEZUELA

N6

103

VENEZUELA COAST ( W E S T I

N6

65

ARGENTINA (PARTS!

NT

103

ARGENTINA N7 103 ( D E C H I L E ' H A S T A E L L I M I T E D E L A P R O V I N C I A D E BUENOS A I R E S * l ARGENTINA N7 103 PREDOMINANT ( • R E G I O N ANDINA Õ MEDITERRANEAN ARGENTINA CUYO

N7

65

ARGENTINA MENDOZA

N7

65

ARGENTINA N7 NORTH ( S N O R T H W E S T »

103

ARGENTINA SAN J U A N

N7

65

ARGENTINA SAN L U I S

N7

65

ARGENTINA N7 118 SAN L U I S ( R U R A L ) ( A L S O N6, Í9) ARGENTINA N7 SANTA F E : A L C O R T A

103

ARGENTINA N7 SANTA F E : RUF I NO

103

ARGENTINA N7 103 SOMETIMES SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (SOUTH, PARTI

URBAN

BOLIVIA SANTA C R U Z :

CLASE POPULAR

N7 107 V A L L E GRANDE ( P R O V I N C E )

CHILE

N7

65

CHILE

N7

88

GENERAL

CHILE N7 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY)

89

GENERAL

241 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

CHILE N7 103 PREDOMINANT ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y I I » N O S O L A H E N T E EN EL CENTRO Õ SUR· I CHILE SANTIAGO

N7

39

COLOMBIA NARINO

NT

65

ECUADOR

N7

36

ECUADOR

N7

65

ECUADOR ( SEMICULTAI

N7

65

ECUADOR

N7

103

ECUADOR COAST

N7

65

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N7

103

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N7

114

EXCEPT CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N7

115

RUSTIC

ECUADOR QUITO (CITY)

N7

65

PREDOMINANT URBAN

RURAL PREDOMINANT

PERU N7 103 GENERAL ( E X C E P T SMALL B O R D E R A R E A W I T H C H I L E å B O L I V I A ) PERU AREQUIPA

N7

13

PERU AREQUIPA

N7

65

ARGENTINA N8 ( E X C E P T NORTHWEST)

65

N8

103

ARGENTINA

ARGENTINA N8 R I O DE LA PLATA REGI ON

36

N8 ARGENTINA RIO DE LA P L A T A R E G I ON

65

ARGENTINA ÍÈ SANTA FE : R O S A R I O

38

CULTA

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

ARGENTINA N8 103 SOMETIMES S A N T I A G O DEL E S T E R Q t S O U T H , P A R T I

URBAN

BOLIVIA

N8

64

RURAL

BOLIVIA

N8

65

RURAL

BOLIVIA

N8

103

BOLIVIA N8 64 BORDER A R E A W I T H A R G E N T I N A A N D C H I L E

RURAL

N8

RURAL

BOLIVIA POTOSI

64

242 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

N8

65

BOLIVIA POTOSI

USAGE

BOLIVIA N8 SANTA C R U Z DE LA S I E R R A

64

BOLIVIA N8 SANTA C R U Z OE LA S I E R R A

65

BOLIVIA TAR I JA

ÍÈ

64

BOLIVIA TAR I JA

N8

65

CHILE

N8

65

N8

103

ALWAYS

CHILE ÍÈ B I O - B I O : LOS ANGELES

103

ALWAYS

CHILE N8 C O N C 6 P C I O N , SOUTH OF

103

ALWAYS

CHILE LINARES

103

CHILE ARAUCO:

LEBU

N8

RURAL

RURAL

OCCASIONALLY

CHILE N8 103 MAGALLANES: PUNTA ARENAS

ALWAYS

N8

103

ALWAYS

N8

103

COLOMBIA N8 ( M U C H OF C O U N T R Y )

51

COLOMBIA

N8

65

COLOMBIA

ÍÈ

84

COLOMBIA

N8

103

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

N8

49

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

N8

51

CHILE MALLECO:

ANGOL

CHILE SOUTH

COLOMBIA N8 ANTIOQUIA: REMEOIOS

46

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA:

46

N8 SEGOVIA

COLOMBIA N8 BOLIVAR: SAN BASILIO OE

GENERAL GENERAL

82 GENERAL PALENQU

N8

51

COLOMBIA ÍÈ NARINO 1 MOUNTAINS)

51

COLOMBIA N8 NORTE OE SANTANOER

53

COLOMBIA CALOAS

SPEAKERS

NEGROES

243 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

USAGE

AUTHOR

SPEAKERS

COLOMBIA VALLE ( E L I

N8

51

COSTA R I C A

N8

1

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A

N8

2

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A

N8

65

COSTA

RICA

N8

103

SEHICULTA

COSTA

RICA

N8

103

CLASE POPULAR

N8

96

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

SOMETIMES

ALWAYS

M I D D L E CLASS

ECUADOR N8 103 CARCHI ( F R O M COLOMBIAN I N F L U E N C E ) ECUADOR COAST

N8

65

ECUADOR COAST

N8

103

ECUADOR COAST

N8

115

ECUADOR ESMERALDAS

N8

114

ECUADOR LOJA

N8

103

GUATEMALA

N8

65

GUATEMALA

N8

103

CLASE POPULAR

GUATEMALA

N8

103

SEMICULTA

HONDURAS

N8

65

HONDURAS

ÍÈ

103

SEMICULTA

HONDURAS

N8

103

CLASE POPULAR

MEXICO

N8

65

MEXICO

N8

103

CLASE POPULAR

MEXICO

ÍÈ

103

SEMICULTA

NICARAGUA

N8

65

NICARAGUA

N8

103

SEMICULTA

NICARAGUA

N8

103

C L A S E POPULAR

PANAMA

N8

65

SOMETIMES

PANAMA

N8

99

RARE

PANAMA

ÍÈ

103

C L A S E POPULAR

PANAMA

N8

103

SEMICULTA

PARAGUAY

ÍÈ

103

SALVADOR ( E L I

ÍÈ

65

RURAL GENERAL RUSTIC GENERAL

NEGROES

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

244 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.,

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

(ELI

N8

103

C L A S E POPULAR

SALVADOR ( E L I

N8

103

SEMICULTA

URUGUAY

N8

97

URUGUAY

N8

103

VENEZUELA

N8

103

VENEZUELA FALCON ( P A R T )

ÍÈ

65

VENEZUELA LARA ( P A R T )

N8

65

VENEZUELA MERIDA

N8

65

VENEZUELA MOUNTAINS

N8

65

VENEZUELA TACHIRA

N8

65

ARGENTINA CORRIENTES

N9

12

SALVADOR

ARGENTINA N9 118 S A N L U I S ( R U R A L ) ( A L S O N6» N7) ARGENTINA SANTA F E :

N9 ROSARIQ

38

SOMETIMES

CULT A

ARGENTINA N9 103 SOMETIMES S A N T I A G O DEL E S T E R O ( S O U T H , P A R T I

URBAN

ARGENTINA N9 103 ALWAYS S A N T I A G O DEL E S T E R O (SOUTH, P A R T )

RURAL

ARGENTINA N9 S A N T I A G O D E L E S T EERO RO

103

BOLIVIA (CLASE POPULAR)

N9

64

BOLIVIA

65

BOLIVIA

N9 N9

65

CHILE

N9

65

COLOMBIA NARINO

N9

65

COSTA

N9

65

N9 ECUADOR ( U R B A N AND R U R A L )

65

ECUADOR

65

LA PAZ

RICA

N9

COLLOQUIAL

URBAN

SOMETIMES

ILLITERATE CULT A

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

ECUADOR N9 COAST ( I N C L U D I N G G U A Y A Q U I L )

SEMICULTA CAMPESINOS

ECUADOR N9 115 COAST ( R U R A L , EXCEPT ESMERALDAS) ECUADOR N9 G U A Y A Q U I L ( C I TYI

114

CAMPESINOS

245 AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N9

iu

CULT A

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N9

115

E X C E P T INCULTA

HONDURAS

N9

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

N9

65

SOMETIMES

NICARAGUA

N9

65

SOMETIMES

PANAMA

N9

99

RARE

100 PANAMA N9 C E N T R A L P R O V I N C E S ( A L S O N6)

PARAGUAY

N9

36

PARAGUAY

N9

65

PERU

N9

13

PERU

N9

65

PERU CAJAMARCA

N9

103

ANCASH: CAJAMARQUILLA ANCASH: C A J A M A R Q U I L L A

SOMETIMES

PERU N9 CAJAMARCA: 8AMBAMARCA

103

ALWAYS

PERU

N9

103

ALWAYS

PERU

N9

103

ALWAYS

CAJAMARCA: CHOTA

CAJAMARCA: C U T E R V O

PERU N9 L I 3 E R T A D ( L A ) : PATAS

13

PERU N9 L I B E R T A D ( L A I : PATAS

65

PERU LIBERTAO PERU NORTHWEST

N9

103

N9 (PARTS)

65

(LAI

VENEZUELA ZULIA: PERIJA

N9

10

ARGENTINA

N10

65

ARGENTINA N10 RIO DE LA PLATA R E G I O N ARGENTINA NIC SAN L U I S ( R U R A L ) ( A L S O ARGENTINA ÍÉÏ SANTA F E : R O S A R I O

GENERAL CULTA

36

118 N12) 38

PREDOMINANT

ARGENTINA N10 103 SOMETIMES SANTIAGO DEL E S T E R O (SOUTH, P A R T I BOLIVIA

N10

RURAL

ALL C L A S S E S URBAN RURAL

246 COUNTRY BOLIVIA

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

N10

65

USAGE

RURAL

64 BOLIVIA N10 BORDER A R E A W I T H AR G E N T I N A A N D C H I L E BOLIVIA POTOSI

ÍÉÏ

64

BOLIVIA POTOSI

ÍÉÏ

65 RURAL

65

107 ÍÉÏ BOLIVIA SANTA C R U Z : VALLE G R A N D E ( P R O V I N C E ) BOLIVIA TAR I JA

N10

64

BOLIVIA TAR I JA

N10

65

CHILE

N10

65

CHILE

N10

88

GENERAL

CHILE N10 ( E N T I R E COUNTRY)

B9

GENERAL

N10

39

COLOMBIA N10 (MUCH OF C O U N T R Y )

51

N10 N10

65 84

GENERAL

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

N10

49

GENERAL

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA

ÍÉÏ

51

N10 COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA I REMEDIOS

46

N10

46

CHILE SANTIAGO

COLOMBIA COLOMBIA

COLOMBIA ANTIOQUIA:

COLOMBIA BOLIVAR: COLOMBIA

SEGOVIA

N10

51

COLOMBIA NLO NARINO (MOUNTAINS)

51

COLOMBIA ÍÉÏ N O R T E DE S A N T A N D E R

53

N10

51

COLOMBIA VALLE ( E L )

C L A S E POPULAR RURAL

NLO 82 GENERAL SAN B A S I L I C DE P A L E N Q U E

CALDAS

RURAL RURAL

ÍÉÏ BOLIVIA SANTA CRUZ OE LA S I E R R A ÍÉÏ BOLIVIA SANTA CRUZ OE LA S I E R R A

SPEAKERS

NEGROES

247 I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

COSTA R I C A

ÍÉÏ

L

GENERAL

COSTA

RICA

N10

2

GENERAL

COSTA R I C A

ÍÉÏ

65

SOMETIMES

COSTA R I C A VALLE C E N T R A L

N10

96

ALWAYS

ECUADOR

ÍÉÏ

65

GENERAL

ECUADOR COAST

ÍÉÏ

115

ECUADOR ESMERALDAS

ÍÉÏ

114

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

ÍÉÏ

114

EXCEPT CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

ÍÉÏ

115

RUSTIC

GUATEMALA

ÍÉÏ

65

HONDURAS

ÍÉÏ

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

ÍÉÏ

65

SOMETIMES

NICARAGUA

ÍÉÏ

65

SOMETIMES

PANAMA

ÍÉÏ

65

ÍÉÏ

99

COUNTRY

PANAMA (ALSO

N12I

PANAMA 100 ÍÉÏ C E N T R A L PROVI NCES ( A L S O Í12) PERU AREQUIPA

ÍÉÏ

13

SALVADOR

(ELI

ÍÉÏ

24

SALVADOR

(EL»

ÍÉÏ

65

URUGUAY

ÍÉÏ

97

VENEZUELA COAST ( W E S T )

ÍÉÏ

65

VENEZUELA MOUNTAINS

ÍÉÏ

65

USAGE

SPEAKERS

M I D D L E CLASS

RUSTIC

GENERAL

NEGROES

PREDOMINANT SOMETIMES

RURAL

SOMETIMES

CULTA

118 ARGENTINA N12 SAN L U I S (RURAL! ( A L S O ÍÉÏ» ARGENTINA N12 SANTA F E : R O S A R I O

38

ARGENTINA N12 103 ALWAYS SANTIAGO DEL E S T E R O (SOUTHt PARTI

RURAL

ARGENTINA N12 103 SOMETIMES SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (SOUTH, PARTI

URBAN

BOLIVIA (CLASE POPULARI

N12

64

URBAN

BOLIVIA

N12

65

COLLOQUIAL

248 USAGE

SPEAKERS

65

SOMETIMES

ILLITERATE

N12

65

SOMETIMES

ECUADOR N12 (URBAN AND RURAL!

65

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

BOLIVIA LA PAZ

N12

65

CHILE

N12

COSTA R I C A

COUNTRY

SEMICULTA CAMPESINOS

ECUADOR N12 114 COAST ( I N C L U D I N G G U A Y A Q U I L ! ECUADOR N12 115 COAST ( R U R A L t E X C E P T E S M E R A L D A S 1 ECUADOR N12 GUAYAQUIL (CITY!

114

CAMPESINOS

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N12

114

CULT A

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N12

115

EXCEPT INCULTA

HONDURAS

N12

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

N12

65

SOMETIMES

NICARAGUA

N12

65

SOMETIMES

PANAMA

N12

99

RARE

PANAMA CENTRAL

N12 100 PROVINCES (ALSO ÍÉÏÉ

PARAGUAY

N12

36

PARAGUAY

N12

65

PERU

N12

13

PERU

N12

65

ANCASH: CAJAMARQUILLA ANCASH: CAJAMARQUILLA

SOMETIMES

103

ALWAYS

N12

103

ALWAYS

PERU N12 CAJAMARCA: CUTERVO

103

ALWAYS

PERU CAJAMARCA:

N12 BAMBAMARCA

PERU CAJAMARCA:

CHOTA

N12 I L A I : PATAS

13

PERU N12 L I B E R T A D ( L A ) : PATAS

65

PERU N12 NORTHWEST ( P A R T S )

65

VENEZUELA Z U L I A : PERI JA

10

PERU LIBERTAD

N12

RURAL

COUNTRY INDEX

251 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ARGENTINA 121* ( P A R T S OF SOUTH* C E N T R A L * ' E A S T I ARGENTINA A1S ( P A R T S OF NORTH)

121*

ARGENTINA A16 121* { P A R T S OF NORTH* E A S T , C E N T R A L I

Cl

76

ARGENTINA Cl ( A L S O C2 R U S T I C I

121

ARGENTINA

C2

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

C2

121

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

03

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

06

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

D7

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

El

76

GENERAL

ARGENTINA

Fl

76

ARGENTINA

ARGENTINA F2 ( E X C E P T 1 N GROUP / F U / I

SOMETIMES PREDOMINANT

RUSTIC

76

ARGENTINA

F4

76

ARGENTINA

F4

120

GENERAL

CAMPESIMOS

ARGENTINA

F4

120

FREQUENT

C L A S E POPULAR

ARGENTINA Gl ( P A R T S OF NORTH I

121

ARGENTINA G5 ( P A R T S OF NORTHEAST ARGENTINA

G5

27

AND E A S T - C E N T R A L ) 121

ARGENTINA G9 27 ( P A R T S OF E A S T , N O R T H M E S T . NORTH-CENTRAL I ARGENTINA

Gil

ARGENTINA II (EXCEPT NEUQUEN) ARGENTINA

12

4 5 76

ARGENTINA M 31 (EXCEPT RIO DE LA PLATA REGION

AND S A N L U I S )

ARGENTINA

15

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

17

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

116

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA

117

76

SOMETIMES

ARGENTINA (PARTS)

Jl

31

ARGENTINA J* ( E X C E P T R I O D E LA PLATA R E G I O N )

252 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ARGENTINA K2 27 GENERAL I E X C E P T N O R T H W E S T ) ( D O R S O A L V E O L A R CONVEX) ARGENTINA K2 («PREOORSAL ALVEOLAR») ARGENTINA K2 ( P R E O O R S A L SOROA) ARGENTINA

76

GENERAL

120

L2

76

ARGENTINA L4 « E N T I R E COUNTRY)

59

ARGENTINA

Nl

28

ARGENTINA

Nl

59

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

ARGENTINA Nl 103 GENERAL ( E N T I R E C O U N T R Y , E X C . P A T A G O N I A £ T I E R R A DEL F U E G O , S O M E T I M E S ) ARGENTINA

Nl

120

GENERAL

ARGENTINA Nl « E N T I R E COUNTRY)

121

GENERAL

ARGENTINA N2 120 { • F A M I L I A S TRADICIONALES·)

OCCASIONALLY

ARGENTINA N2 121 ( « F A M I L I A S TRADICIONALES') ARGENTINA N* « E X C E P T NORTHWEST) ARGENTINA

N4

ALL CLASSES

OLDER S P E A K E R S OLDER S P E A K E R S

65 103

ARGENTINA N7 103 PREDOMINANT ( » R E G I O N ANOINA Õ MEDITERRANEA«I ARGENTINA N7 103 ( D E C H I L E ' H A S T A E L L I M I T E D E L A P R O V I N C I A D E BUENOS A I R E S » ) ARGENTINA IPARTS)

N7

103

ARGENTINA N8 ( E X C E P T NORTHWEST)

65

ARGENTINA

ÍÈ

ARGENTINA

N10

103 65

GENERAL

ARGENTINA Gll 4 ANDES REGION (CENTRAL AND NORTHERN) ARGENTINA A15 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A ( I N E X T R E M E N O R T H ) ARGENTINA B241 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A

59 ( I N E X T R E M E NORTH)

ARGENTINA Gl 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A ( I N E X T R E M E NORTH) ARGENTINA G9 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A ( I N E X T R E M E NORTH O N L Y ) ARGENTINA G12 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A ( I N E X T R E M E N O R T H )

253 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ARGENTINA J3 59 BORDER A R E A W I T H B O L I V I A ( I N

SOMETIMES EXTREME NORTHI

(ALSO J4)

ARGENTINA JUTHO

USAGE

115*

GENERAL

AT

È118 ECUADOR I M B A B U R A (NO D A T A O N

/LB/

18*

ECUADOR IMBABURA

Gl

18

ECUADOR IMBABURA

Gl

115

ECUADOR IMBABURA

G13

18

ECUADOR IMBABURA

G13

115

ECUADOR IMBABURA

G14

115

ECUADOR IMBABURA

14

115

ECUADOR IMBABURA

J4

115

ECUADOR IMBABURA

N3

103

ECUADOR N5 LAS PLAYAS «TOWN?)

103

A7

18

ECUADOR LEON

ECUADOR B118 LEON (NO DATA ON / L B / )

SOMETIMES

RUSTIC

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

18*

ECUADOR LEON

Gl

18

ECUADOR LEON

G13

18

ECUADOR LOJA

A3

114

ECUADOR LOJA

A3

115*

ECUADOR LOJA

AT

18

ECUADOR LOJA

B54

114

B118 ECUADOR LOJA ( N O D A T A O N / L B / »

SPEAKERS

18*

ECUADOR LOJA

Gl

18

ECUADOR LOJA

GL

2T

ECUADOR LOJA

Gl

114

ECUADOR LOJA

Gl

115

GENERAL

357 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ECUADOR LOJA

G12

ECUADOR LOJA

612

18

ECUADOR LOJA

G12

27

ECUADOR LOJA

G12

114

ECUADOR LOJA

612

115

ECUADOR LOJA

Jl

114

ECUADOR LOJA

Jl

115

ECUADOR LOJA

N2

115

ECUADOR LOJA ( A L S O N4I

N3

103

ECUADOR LOJA I A L S G N3)

N4

103

ECUADOR LOJA

N8

103

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

A7

115*

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

A10

,

USA6E

SPEAKERS

4

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

6ENERAL

18

ECUADOR B167 18* LOS R I O S < NO D A T A ON / L B / I ECUADOR LOS RIOS

61

115

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

62

18

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

613

115

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

614

115

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

14

115

ECUADOR LOS R I O S

J4

115

ECUADOR ÌÁ ÍÁ8 I

AlO

18

ECUADOR MANABl

AlO

115*

B167 ECUADOR MANAS I (NO D A T A ON / L B M

ECUADOR MANABI

62

18* 18

SOMETIMES

6ENERAL

RUSTIC

358 I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ECUADOR HANABI

G2

115

ECUADOR MANAB I

Jl

COUNTRY

ECUADOR A3 M O U N T A I N S ( S O U T H * PARTS

AT

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

A7

27 114

ECUADOR A7 115* M O U N T A I N S (NORTH AND C E N T R A L I ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

SPEAKERS

115* GENERAL OF NORTH I

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

A7 ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (EXCEPT LOJA)

USAGE

GENERAL

B53 115* GENERAL (SOUTH H A L F , FROM R I O B A M B A T O L O J A )

8118 1È* ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (NO DATA ON / L B / )

BUS ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S ( E X C E P T L O J A AND CARCHI I ECUADOR B118 115* GENERAL M O U N T A I N S (NORTH FROM CUENCA TO CARCHI I ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

28

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Cl

114

Cl 115 ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S ( V E R Y STRONG / D / l

ALWAYS GENERAL

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

C2

114

NEVER

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

07

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

08

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

09

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Fi

18

FPEQUENT

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F2

18

FREQUENT

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F2

115

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F4

18

VULGO

359 USAGE

SPEAKERS

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F4

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F4

115

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F5

18

RURAL

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F5

18

VULGO

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

F5

115

COUNTRY

RURAL INDIANS

INDIANS

18 ECUADOR Gl M O U N T A I N S (SOUTH OF EL NUDO DE A Z U A Y ) ECUADOR Gl 18 M O U N T A I N S ( N O R T H OF EL NUDO DE AZUAY I ECUADOR Gl MOUNTAINS (MOST PARTS)

27

114

ECUADOR Gl MOUNTAINS (ONLY)

ALWAYS

Gl 115 ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S (NORTH AND CENTRAL I ECUADOR Gl 115 M O U N T A I N S ( S O U T H t P A R T S OF NORTH) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

18

G9

G9 ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (ONLY)

ALWAYS

ECUADOR G12 M O U N T A I N S ( I N SOUTH)

4

ECUADOR G12 18 M O U N T A I N S (SOUTH OF EL NUDO DE A Z U A Y )

115

G12 ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S (SOUTH)

ECUADOR G13 18 M O U N T A I N S (NORTH OF EL NUDO DE A Z U A Y ) G13 ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S ( M O S T PARTS)

2T

G13 114 GENERAL ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (EXCEPT CANAR, AZUAY, LOJA)

ALL CLASSES

ECUADOR 613 115 MOUNTAINS (NORTH AND CENTRAL) G14 ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (EXCEPT CANAR,

114 SOMETIMES AZUAY, LOJA)

G14 115 ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S (NORTH AND SOUTH) ECUADOR H2 M O U N T A I N S ( A N D COAST) ECUADOR H2 MOUNTAINS ( £ COAST)

18

SOMETIMES ALWAYS

114 GENERAL (EXCEPT CARCHU

INCULTA RUSTIC

360 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

II

1È

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

II

114

13 ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S ( SOUTH)

115

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

31

USAGE

SPEAKERS

ALWAYS

14 115 ECUADOR M O U N T A I N S ( N O R T H AND C E N T R A L ) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

15

114

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

116

114

ALWAYS

ECUADOR Jl 115 M O U N T A I N S (SOUTH AND PARTS OF N O R T H I ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

J4

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

J4

27

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

J4

31

ECUADOR J4 114 EXCEPT FORMAL M O U N T A I N S ( E X C E P T LOJA ( J l } A N D AZUAY ( J 2 I

J4 115 ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (NORTH AND C E N T R A L ) ECUADOR Kl MOUNTAINS (APICODENTAL ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Kl 27 (APICODENTAL REDQNDEADA)

ECUADOR K2 MOUNTAINS (PREDORSAL) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

27

REDONDEADA)

K2

(DORSOALVEOLAR

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (ALL.

18 27

CONVEX)

K4 27 EXCEPT CARCHI: TULCAN)

ECUADOR K4 114 GENERAL M O U N T A I N S ( I N C L U D I N G QUITO, BUT EXCEPT T U L C A N IN N O R T H ) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

K4 115 GENERAL ( E X C E P T LOJA AND E L C A R C H I )

L4

18

L4 114 ECUADOR MOUNTAINS i «UVULAR V I B R A N T E · ) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

L4

114

GENERAL GENERAL

INDIANS

361 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Ml

18

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Ml

114

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Ml

115

USAGE

M2 114 ECUADOR MOUNTAINS ( E X C E P T NEAR TULCAN I N

SPEAKERS

SOUTH)

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

M2

115

FREQUENT

INDIANS

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

M3

115

FREQUENT

INDIANS

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Nl

28

ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR Nl 36 MOUNTAINS (RURAL AND URBAN) ECUADOR Nl 65 M O U N T A I N S «NORTH AND C E N T R A L O N L Y » ECUADOR Nl MOUNTAINS (PARTS)

103

ALWAYS

ECUADOR Nl 103 MOUNTAINS ( P A R T S ) (ALSO N2) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

Nl

ECUADOR Nl MOUNTAINS (EXCEPT LOJA)

PREDOMINANT

114 115

ECUADOR N2 65 M O U N T A I N S (NORTH AND C E N T R A L ) ECUADOR N2 MOUNTAINS (SOUTH)

SOMETIMES

SCHOOL I NFL ( P U R I S T S ONLY)

65

ALL C L A S S E S

ECUADOR N2 103 MOUNTAINS (PARTS) ( A L S O Nl)

SOMETIMES

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

RARE

N2

114

ECUADOR N3 103 M O U N T A I N S ( I N NORTH O N L Y , E X C E P T C A R C H I ) ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N3

114

EXCEPT C U L T A

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N3

115

RUSTIC

N5 ECUADOR MOUNTAINS (CENTRAL)

103

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N5

114

CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N5

115

EXCEPT I N C U L T A

ECUADOR N5 115 MOUNTAINS ( • V O S * LOSING GROUND)

ALWAYS

362 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHO

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N7

103

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N7

114

EXCEPT CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N7

115

RUSTIC

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N9

114

CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N9

115

EXCEPT INCULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N10

114

EXCEPT CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N10

115

RUSTIC

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N12

114

CULTA

ECUADOR MOUNTAINS

N12

115

EXCEPT INCUL T A

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

A3

115*

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

Gl

18

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

Gl

115

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

G9

IB

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

G12

115

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

G13

18

ECUADOR NAPO-PASTAZA

Jl

115

USAGE PREDOMINANT

GENERAL

GENERAL

ECUADOR N3 103 NORTH ( M O U N T A I N S t E X C E P T C A R C H I I ECUADOR A3 ORO ( E L M M O U N T A I N PART» ECUADOR ORO ( E L I

A10

ECUADOR A10 ORO ( E L ) ( C O A S T PART»

115*

ECUADOR ORO ( E L I

B167 18* (NO D A T A ON / L B / I

ECUADOR ORO ( E L )

Gl ( M O U N T A I N PART)

ECUADOR ORO ( E L »

G2

G2 ECUADOR ORO ( E L I ( C O A S T PART)

GENERAL

18

115*

115 18

115

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

363 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO .

AUTHOR

ECUADOR ORO ( E L M P A R T )

G12

115

ECUADOR ORO ( E L )

Jl

115

ECUADOR PICHINCHA

A7

18

ECUADOR PICHINCHA

USAGE

A7 115* ( INCLUDING QUITO)

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

ECUADOR 8118 8 P I C H I N C H A ( N O D A T A ON / L B / ) * ECUADOR PICHINCHA

Gl 115 ( I N C L U D I N G QUITO)

ECUADOR PICHINCHA

G13 115 ( I N C L U D I N G QUITO)

115 QUITO) ECUADOR 14 115 P I C H I N C H A ( I N C L U D I N G QUITO) J4 ECUADOR 115 P I C H I N C H A ( I N C L U D I N G QUITO) ECUADOR G14 PICHINCHA (INCLUDING

ECUADOR PICHINCHA

N3 (NORTH)

SOMETIMES

103

ECUADOR 8165 18* O U A Y A Q U I L ( C I T Y ) ( N O DATA O N / L B / ) ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

A7

18

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

A7

115*

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

RUSTIC

EXCEPT INCULTA

GENERAL

B118 18* I NC D A T A ON / L B / )

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

Gl

115

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

G13

115

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

Gl«

115

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

14

115

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

J4

114

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

J4

115

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

K4

114

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

»12

114

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y )

N3

65

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

GENERAL

RUSTIC

364 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

N7

65

ECUADOR Gl S A N T I A G O - Z A M O RRA A

1È

SOMETIMES

G9 ECUADOR SANTIAGO-ZAMQR RA A

18

GENERAL

ECUADOR QUITO ( C I T Y !

18 ECUADOR G12 SANTIAGO-ZAMQRA {ALSO G13I

SPEAKERS

SOMETIMES

ECUADOR G12 115 SANTIAGO-ZAMORA (BORDER AREA W I T H A Z U A Y I ECUADOR G13 18 SANTIAGO-ZAMORA (ALSO G12) ECUADOR N2 SOUTH ( E X T R E M E !

103

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

A7

18

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

A7

115*

SOMETIMES (UNCERTAIN}

GENERAL

18* ECUADOR 8118 TUNGURAHUA I NO DATA ON / L 8 / ) ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

Gl

18

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

Gl

115

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

G13

18

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

G13

115

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

G14

115

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

14

115

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA

J4

115

ECUADOR TUNGURAHUA:

N5 P E L I LEO

103

SOMETIMES

RUSTIC

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

ECUADOR G12 115 Z A MORA-CHINCH I PE : ZAMORA GUATEMALA

Cl

28

GUATEMALA

Fl

94

CULT A

GUATEMALA

F2

94

C L A S E POPULAR

GUATEMALA

F3

94

SOMETIMES

GUATEMALA

F4

94

SOMETIMES

INDIANS

GUATEMALA

F4

94

SOMETIMES

RURAL

GUATEMALA

F5

94

SOMETIMES

RURAL

365 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE SOMETIMES

GUATEMALA

F5

94

GUATEMALA

4

GUATEMALA

G2 G9

4

GUATEMALA

GLO

27

GUATEMALA

H2

18

GUATEMALA

H2

28

GUATEMALA

11

5

GUATEMALA

14

21

GUATEMALA

14

31

GUATEMALA

J3

21

SOMETIMES

GUATEMALA

J4

21

SOMETIMES

GUATEMALA

J4

31

GUATEMALA K2 (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX!

SPEAKERS INDIANS

27

GUATEMALA

LI

27

GUATEMALA

Nl

28

GUATEMALA

Nl

36

GUATEMALA

Nl

65

GUATEMALA

Nl

103

GUATEMALA

N2

36

GUATEMALA

65

GUATEMALA

N2 N4

GUATEMALA

N4

103

C L A S E POPULAR

GUATEMALA

N4

103

SEMICULTA

GUATEMALA

NB

65

GUATEMALA

N8

103

CLASE POPULAR

GUATEMALA

N8

103

SEMICULTA

GUATEMALA

N10

65 27

GUATEMALA G2 BORDER A R E A W I T H B E L I Z E

27 27

GUATEMALA NORTH ( E X C E P T

A2 BELIZE

GUATEMALA NORTH ( E X C E P T

G2 27 B E L I Z E BORDER» Jl

ALL CLASSES

ALWAYS RARE

65

GUATEMALA AlO BORDER A R E A W I T H B E L I Z E

GUATEMALA NORTH ( H A L F )

GENERAL

BORDER)

27

366 INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

GUATEMALA SOUTH ( H A L F I

013

27

GUATEMALA SOUTH ( H A L F I

J3

27

COUNTRY

USAGE

SPEAKERS

27

GUATEMALA SOUTH ( H A L F !

G2 27 GUATEMALA SOUTH CENTRAL ( A N O SOUTH WEST) GUATEMALA A6 27 SOUTH-CENTRAL ( A N D SOUTHWEST)

GUATEMALA SOUTHEAST

Alt

27

GUATEMALA SOUTHEAST

G2

27

HONDURAS

A10

27

HONDURAS

D13

27

HONDURAS

013

28

HONDURAS

G2

4

HONDURAS

27

HONDURAS

G2 G9

HONDURAS

Gin

27

HONDURAS

H2

18

HONDURAS

H2

28

HONDURAS

11

5

HONDURAS

Ji

27

*

(UNCERTAIN)

K3 HONDURAS (APICODENTAL PLANA)

27

HONDURAS

LI

27

HONDURAS

Nl

28

HONDURAS

Nl

36

HONDURAS

Nl

103

HONDURAS

36

HONDURAS

N2 N4

65

HONDURAS

N4

103

HONDURAS

N4

103

HONDURAS

N5

65

SOMETIMES

HONDURAS

N8

65

SOMETIMES

HONDURAS

N8

103

CLASE POPULAR

HONDURAS

N8

103

SEMICULTA

GENERAL ALL C L A S S E S ALWAYS SOMETIMES C L A S E POPULAR SEMICULTA

367 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

HONDURAS

N9

HONDURAS

N10

65 65

SOMETIMES SOMETIMES

HONDURAS

N12

65

SOMETIMES

HONDURAS SAN M I G U E L

H2

60

MEXICO

A8

19

SPEAKERS

MEXICO Cl 27 ( P A R T S OF C E N T R A L t WEST é AND NORTHWEST) MEXICO

Cl

28

MEXICO

C2

113

GENERAL

MEXICO

01

27

GENERAL

MEXICO

F4

113

4 MEXICO G2 < E X C . MORE LOS: B A R R A N C A OE ATOTONILCO, & V E R A C R U Z : O R I Z A B A ) MEXICO G9 ( E X C E P T PUEBLA. O A X A C A , PARTS OF V E R A C R U Z ) MEXICO HI ( E X C E P T COAST AND SOUTHI

18

MEXICO

11

113

MEXICO

I*

70

MEXICO

15

MEXICO

116

113 113

GENERAL FREQUENT

MEXICO Jl (EXCEPT ALTIPLANICIEI

27

MEXICO

Jl

70

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

MEXICO

J4

70

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

MEXICO

K5

96

SOMETIMES

MEXICO LI (EXCEPT ALTIPLANICIEI

27

MEXICO

Ml

19

MEXICO

Ml

70

MEXICO

Ml

79

MEXICO

Ml

113

MEXICO N2 (EXCEPT CHIAPAS)

36

GENERAL

MEXICO N2 65 ( E X C E P T C H I A P A S t MOST OF TABASCOt

ALL C L A S S E S

AND PART OF SOUTHEAST)

MEXICO N2 103 ALWAYS (ENTIRE COUNTRY,EXC.TABASCO (PARTS) & CHIAPAS ( S O M E T I M E S ) ) MEXICO

N2

113

368 I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

MEXICO

N4

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

N*

103

CLAS E POPULAR

MEXICO

N4

103

SEMICULTA

MEXICO

N5

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

ÍÈ

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

N8

103

SEMICULTA

MEXICO

N8

103

CLASE POPULAR

MEXICO

N9

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

ÍÉÏ

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

N12

65

SOMETIMES

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

A8

27

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

Cl

70

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

G2

27

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

G2

71

COUNTRY

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

G5 («CASI

ALWAYS

71 S I S T E M A T I C A M E N T E TRAS / S / M

G5 71 SOMETIMES ( « R E H I L A M I E N T O D E B I L V NO C O N S T A N T E 1 I

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

27

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

MEXICO ALTIPLANICIE

SPEAKERS

G8

Ml

17

A2 27 MEXICO BAJA C A L I F O R N I A (NORTHERN HALF) A« 27 MEXICO BAJA CALIFORNIA (SOUTHERN HALFI G2 27 MEXICO BAJA C A L I F O R N I A (NORTHERN HALF!

MEXICO G2 BAJA C A L I F O R N I A (SOUTHERN

27 HALF)

MEXICO G9 27 BAJA C A L I F O R N I A (SOUTHERN HALFI MEXICO GIO 27 BAJA C A L I F O R N I A (NORTHERN HALFI MEXICO C3 27 BORDER A R E A W I T H A R I Z O N A A N D C A L I F O R N I A

369 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

MEXICO A4 27 BORDER A R E A W I T H SOUTH-CENTRAL T E X A S G2 27 MEXICO BORDER A R E A W I T H SOUTH-CENTRAL T E X A S

A2 27 MEXICO BORDER A R E A W I T H SOUTHWEST U N I T E D S T A T E S G2 27 MEXICO BORDER A R E A W I T H SOUTHWEST U N I T E D S T A T E S

GIP 27 MEXICO BORDER A R E A W I T H U N I T E D S T A T E S H2 MEXICO CAMPECHE (COASTAL PARTS»

18

MEXICO CENTRAL

G9

27

MEXICO CHIAPAS

H2

18

MEXICO CHIAPAS

Nl

28

MEXICO CHIAPAS

Nl

36

MEXICO CHIAPAS

Nl

65

Nl MEXICO C H I A P A S ( A L S O N2)

103

MEXICO N2 CHIAPAS (ALSO Nl)

103

MEXICO COAST MEXICO C O A S T ( G U L F Of

(ALL)

ALL

CLASSES

70

C2

71

G2 MEXICOI

ALWAYS

MEXICO GS COAST (GULF OF M E X I C O )

71 NEVER ( • N l S I Q U I ER A . . . FORMAL 0 E N F A T I C A « )

MEXICO G9 C O A S T (GULF OF M E X I C O )

71 FREQUENT ( I N I T I A L å INTERVOCALIC)

MEXICO GIO C O A S T < G U L F OF M E X I C O ) MEXICO COAST

71

FREQUENT

12

AlO 27 MEXICO COASTS ( S O U T H E R N AND GULF) MEXICO G2 27 COASTS (SOUTHERN AND GULF) MEXICO

A2

D . F . I SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

SOMETIMES

MEXICO D . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

SOMETIMES

MEXICO A6 D . F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

SOMETIMES

370 USAGE COUNTRY INDEX NO. AUTHOR SPEAKERS A8 7 SOMETIMES MEXICO O.F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO 7* SOMETIMES MEXICO 83 3 O.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO t/L8/ NOT SPECIF. POS S I8LY M INUSi B34 7* R A R E MEXICO D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NOT S P E C I F . POS S IBLY M INUS t BA1 MEXICO 7* SOMETIMES O.F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NOT S P E C I F . POS S IBLY M INUS ) 7* R A R E MEXICO B42 O.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NOT S P E C I F . POSS IBLY M INUS 1 B65 MEXICO 7* S O M E T I M E S O.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NOT S P E C I F . POS S IBLY M INUS 1 MEXICO È66 7* R A R E O.F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NOT SPECIF. POSS IBLY M INUS ) 7* SOMETIMES MEXICO B 73 O.F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I/L8/ NOT S P E C I F . POSS IBLY M INUS > MEXICO D.F.: SANTO MEXICO O.F.: SANTO MEXICO O.F.: SANTO MEXICO D.F. : SANTO MEXICO O.F. : SANTO

B74 TOMAS AJUSCO B97 TOMAS AJUSCO 698 TOMAS AJUSCO B105 TOMAS AJUSCO B106 TOMAS AJUSCO MEXICO B129 O.F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO MEXICO O.F. : SANTO

RARE NOT S P E C I F . POSS IBLY SOMETIMES NOT S P E C I F . POSS IBLY RARE NCT S P E C I F . POSSIBLY SOMETIMES NOT S P E C I F . POSSIBLY RARE NOT S P E C I F . POSS IBLY SOMETIMES NOT SPECIF. POSSIBLY 7* RARE B130 TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NOT SPECIF. POSS I B L Y 8137 7* SOMETIMES TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NCT S P E C I F . POSS IBLY 7* RARE 8138 TOMAS AJUSCO I / L B / NOT S P E C I F . POSS I8LY 7 Cl TOMAS AJUSCO

MEXICO O.F.: SANTO MEXICO D.F. : SANTO MEXICO O.F.: SANTO MEXICO C3 D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO MEXICO C4 O.F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO MEXICO O.F. : SANTO MEXICO D.F.: SANTO MEXICO D.F.: SANTO MEXICO D.F. : SANTO

7* I/LB/ 7* I/LB/ 7* I/LB/ 7* I/LB/ 7* I/LB/ 7* I/LB/

7

SCHOOL I NFL

7

SOMETIMES

07 TOMAS AJUSCO 08 TOMAS AJUSCO 09 TOMAS AJUSCO

7

SOMETIMES

7

SOMETIMES

7

SOMETIMES

F2 TOMAS AJUSCO

7

M INUS l M INUSI M INUS \ M INUSI M INUS i

M INUS 1 M INUS 1 M INUS ) M INUS »

371 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

MEXICO Gl D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

NEVER

62 MEXICO O.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

ALWAYS

MEXICO G2 D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

71

ALWAYS

65 MEXICO D. F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7 SOMETIMES CLEVE REHILAMIENTO)

65 MEXICO D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

71

67 MEXICO D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

SOMETIMES

67 MEXICO O.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

71

SOMETIMES

SPEAKERS

SOME S P E A K E R S

SOMETIMES 68 MEXICO D. F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO I S O M E T IMES R E H I L A D O I MEXICO 68 D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7l

SOMETIMES

69 MEXICO O.F.: SANTO T O M A S AJUSCO

7

SOMETIMES

69 MEXICO O.F.i SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

71

MEXICO 610 D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

SOMETIMES

MEXICO 610 SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO D.F.:

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO 612 D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

NEVER

Hl MEXICO O.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

GENERAL

MEXICO H2 D. F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

NEVER

FREQUENT

7 MEXICO H5 O.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO ( • P E R O SIN 11 MEXICO D. F . : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

MEXICO 15 D. F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

Jl MEXICO O.F.i SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

P E R O I D A DE LA -N» )

SOMETIMES

MEXICO J2 7 SOMETIMFS O . F . I SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO ( » A S I B I L A O A R E L A J A O A » ) J3 MEXICO 7 SPORADIC D. F. : SANTO TOMAS A J U S C O ( • F R I C A T r V A R E L A J A D A E N 5 0 R D E C I O A · ) MEXICO J* 7 SOMETIMES D. F. : SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO ( F R I C T I V A O R A S I B I L A D A S O N O R A ) MEXICO K2 7 GENERAL O . F . I SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO ( « P R E D ORS 0- ALV EODENT AL . . . AGU 00 · )

372 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

MEXICO LI O . F . t SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

USAGE SOMETIMES

SPEAKERS

MEXICO ÉË 7 PREDOMINANT D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO « A L W A Y S « F R I C A T I V A POSTPAL ATAL · I

MEXICO Ml D.F.: SANTO TOMAS AJUSCO

7

MEXICO Cl OISTRITO FEDERAL

19

MEXICO II OISTRITO FEDERAL

5

MEXICO Kl 27 O I S T R I T O FEDERAL IAPICODENTAL

MEXICO GUANAJUATO MEXICO GUANAJUATO

RARE

ALWAYS REOONDEADA)

A4

19

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

866

19

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

19 MEXICO C2 GENERAL GUANAJUATO MEXICO C3 19 AFFECTED G U A N A J U A T O I V E R Y COMMON IN E D U C A T E D CULTA O N L Y ) 19 GENERAL MEXICO 01 GUANAJUATO 19 GENERAL MEXICO El GUANAJUATO 19 GENERAL MEXICO Fi GUANAJUATO 19 SOMETIMES MEXICO F2 GUANAJUATO 19 FREQUENT MEXICO F« GUANAJUATO 19 MEXICO G5 SOMETIMES GUANAJUATO 19 EMPHATIC MEXICO G7 GUANAJUATO 19 EMPHATIC MEXICO G8 GUANAJUATO 19 GENERAL MEXICO G9 GUANAJUATO 19 SOMETIMES MEXICO G10 GUANAJUATO 19 GENERAL MEXICO HI GUANAJUATO 19 MEXICO II ALWAYS GUANAJUATO 19 SOMETIMES MEXICO 14 GUANAJUATO 19 ALWAYS MEXICO 116 GUANAJUATO

ALL C L A S S E S EDUCATED

INCULTA E X C E P T CULTA

373 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

MEXICO GUANAJUATO

Jl

31

USAGE

SPEAKERS

MEXICO J4 19 GUANAJUATO ( E X C E P T I N C U L T A )

WOMEN

MEXICO J4 GUANAJUATO I W O N E N ONLY)

19

E X C E P T INCULTA

MEXICO GUANAJUATO

19

K2

MEXICO L4 19 GENERAL G U A N A J U A T O ( » N O S E P A L A T A L I Z A ANTE VOCAL A N T E R I O R · ) 19

GENERAL

19

GENERAL

H6

19

SOMETIMES

H6 MEXICO G U A N A J U A T O : ROMI TA

19

SOMETIMES

MEXICO Jl G U A N A J U A T O : ROMI TA

19

GENERAL

MEXICO GUERRERO

18

MEXICO GUANAJUATO

N2

MEXICO Jl GUANAJUATO: G U A N A J U A T O MEXICO GUANAJUATO:

LEON

H2

MEXICO Gl 16 H I D A L G O : A T O T O N I L C O EL GRANDE

NEVER

ALL CLASSES

G2 16 MEXICO HIDALGO: ATOTONILCO EL GRANDE

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

G9 16 MEXICO ALWAYS ALL CLASSES H I D A L G O : ATOTONILCO EL GRANDE 16 NEVER MEXICO Gl ALL C L A S S E S H I D A L G O : LA B A R R A N C A DEL RIO G R A N D E 0 SAN S E B A S T I A N 16 MEXICO G2 ALWAYS ALL CLASSES H I D A L G O : L A B A R R A N C A DEL R I O G R A N D E 0 S A N S E B A S T I A N G9 16 ALWAYS ALL C L A S S E S MEXICO H I D A L G O : LA B A R R A N C A D E L R I O G R A N D E 0 S A N S E B A S T I A N

MEXICO JALISCO

A2

32

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO JALISCO

A6

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO JALISCO

ÁÈ

29

MEXICO JALISCO

B34

32

MEXICO 842 J A L I S C O (WOROS SPOKEN I N MEXICO JALISCO

Â9È

INCULTA R A P I D SPEECH

32 SOMETIMES ISOLATION)

32

R A P I D SPEECH

MEXICO B106 32 SOMETIMES J A L I S C O ( W O R O S SPOKEN I N I S O L A T I O N )

374 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

INCULTA

MEXICO JALISCO

Cl

29

MEXICO JALISCO

Cl

32

PREDOMINANT

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO C2 JALISCO ( R A P I D SPEECH)

SPEAKERS

MEXICO JALISCO

C3

32

NEVER

MEXICO JALISCO

C«

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO JALISCO

C5

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO JALISCO

C6

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO JALISCO

Dl

32

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO JALISCO

02

29

INCULTA

MEXICO 02 FORMAL J A L I S C O ( « M E O I O - O C L U S I V A • H MORDS I N I S O L A T I O N ! MEXICO D6 32 FORMAL J A L I S C O I • M E D I O - O C L U S I V A • IN MORDS I N I S O L A T I O N ) MEXICO Fl 32 J A L I S C O ( E X C E P T I N SOUTH»

PREDOMINANT

F3

29

MEXICO F3 J A L I S C O ( SOUTH)

32

FREQUENT

MEXICO JALISCO

F4

32

FREQUENT

MEXICO JALISCO

G2

32

ALMAYS

MEXICO JALISCO

G7

32

OCCASIONALLY

MEXICO JALISCO

G8

32

OCCASIONALLY

MEXICO JALISCO

G9

32

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO JALISCO

HI

32

ALMAYS

MEXICO JALISCO

H6

32

SOMETIMES

MEXICO JALISCO

MEXICO H6 JALISCO ( & V I C I N I T Y )

INCULTA

70

MEXICO JALISCO

11

32

MEXICO JALISCO

13

32

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

375 I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

MEXICO JALISCO

15

32

MEXICO JALISCO

116

32

MEXICO JALISCO

Jl

32

COUNTRY

USAGE

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO J4 29 J A L I S C O { E S P E C I A L L Y YOUTH AND WOMEN) MEXICO JALISCO

J4

32

MEXICO K2 29 J A L I S C O ( « P R E D O R S A L CONVEX A M MEXICO K2 JALISCO CPREOORSALI

SPEAKERS

INCULTA

FREQUENT PREDOMINANT

INCULTA

30

MEXICO K2 32 JALISCO (»PREOORSAL CONVEXA'I MEXICO JALISCO

LI

32

MEXICO JALISCO

Ml

29

MEXICO JALISCO

Ml

32

MEXICO JALISCO

N2

32

ALWAYS

MEXICO H6 JALISCO: AUTLAN

30

SOME SPEAKERS

MEXICO

H6

30

SOME S P E A K E R S

MEXICO H6 J A L I S C O : HUEJUCAR

30

SOME S P E A K E R S

JALISCO: ENCARNACION DE DIAZ

ALWAYS INCULTA

MEXICO F3 32 FREQUENT J A L I S C O : I N G E N I O DE SAN MARCOS MEXICO H6 J A L I S C O : LOS ALTOS

30

SOME S P E A K E R S

MEXICO H6 JALISCO: MESTICACAN

30

SOME S P E A K E R S

MEXICO

30

SOME S P E A K E R S

MEXICO H6 J A L I S C O : SAN MARCOS

30

SOME S P E A K E R S

MEXICO

H6

30

SOME SPEAKERS

MEXICO

F3

32

FREQUENT

MEXICO

H6

30

SOME S P E A K E R S

MEXICO H6 JALISCO: YAHUALICA

30

SOME SPEAKERS

H6

JALISCO: SAN JOSE DE LOS LAGOS JALISCO: TAMAZULA JALISCO: TUXPAN

JALISCO: VILLA GUERRERO

376 COUNTRY MEXICO

JALISCO:

I N D E X NO. H6 ZACOALCO

AUTHOR 30

USAGE SOME

SPEAKERS

A12

66

MEXICO MEXICO (CITY)

El

66

MEXICO MEXICO ( C I T Y »

Fl

66

MEXICO MEXICO «CITY»

62

66

MEXICO MEXICO (CITY)

G7

66

SOMETIMES

MEXICO MEXICO (CITY)

G8

66

SOMETIMES

MEXICO MEXICO

»CITY»

MEXICO MEXICO ( C I T Y ) MEXICO MEXICO (CITY)

G9 (INITIAL HI

66 SOMETIMES INTERVOCALIC)

66

MEXICO MEXICO ( C I T Y )

II

66

MEXICO MEXICO ( C I T Y )

13

66

MEXICO MEXICO

15

66

MEXICO MEXICO ( C I T Y )

116

66

MEXICO MEXICO

(CITY)

Jl

66

MEXICO MEXICO

(CITY)

L4

66

(CITY)

SPEAKERS

MEXICO Tl G2 MEXICO: SAN JUAN ATZACOALOYA

GENERAL

GENERAL

ALWAYS

G5 71 MEXICO SOMETIMES M E X I C O : SAN J U A N A T Z A C O A L O Y A ( R E H I L . D E B I L Õ NO CONST A N T E ) MEXICO G5 71 M E X I C O : SAN J U A N A T Z A C O A L O Y A I C A S I S I S T E M A T I C A T R A S / S / )

GB 71 MEXICO M E X I C O : SAN J U A N A T Z A C O A L O Y A

SOMETIMES

G9 71 MEXICO M E X I C O : SAN JUAN ATZACOALOYA

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

G2

MEXICO: TLALMANALCO

MEXICO

MEXICO:

71

ALWAYS

G5 71 TLALMANALCO ( • C A S I S I S T E M A T I C A M E N T E TRAS /S/· )

MEXICO G5 71 SOMETIMES M E X I C O : T L A L M A N A L C O ( « R E H I L A M I E N T O D E B I L Õ ÍÃ3 CONST A N T E » ) G8 MEXICO MEXICO: TLALMANALCO

71

SOMETIMES

377 COUNTRY MEXICO MEXICO: MEXICO MORE LOS

I N D E X NO. G9 TLALMANALCO H2

SPEAKERS 71

SOMETIMES

IB

MEXICO Gl 4 MORELOS : BARRANCA OE ATOTONILCO EL GRANDE

Gil MEXICO NORTH ( 6 SOUTH 1

4

MEXICO Kl NORTHWEST (HALF) ( A P I C O O E NTAL REDONDEADA)

A2 MEXICO OAXACA ( A L S O A4,A6,A8)

6

(UNCERTAIN!

A4 MEXICO OAXACA ( A L S O A 2 t A 6 f A 8 l

6

(UNCERTAIN)

A6 MEXICO OAXACA (ALSO A 2 f A 4 * A 8 l

6

(UNCERTAIN)

A8 MEXICO OAXACA ( A L S O A2*A4,A6)

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OAXACA

838

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OAXACA

B46

6

(UNCERTAIN!

MEXICO OAXACA

870

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OA XACA

B78

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OAXACA

B102

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OAXACA

BllO

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OAXACA

B134

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OAXACA

B142

6

(UNCERTAIN)

MEXICO OAXACA

Cl

6

MEXICO OAXACA

C4

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO OAXACA

C5

fc

FREQUENT

MEXICO OAXACA

C6

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO OAXACA

05

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO OAXACA

07

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO OAXACA

08

6

FREQUENT

378 COUNTRY MEXICO OAXACA

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

09

6

USAGE

SPEAKERS

FREQUENT

MEXICO EL 6 OAXACA ( ' M A S PALATAL QUE LA C A S T E L L A N A * ! MEXICO Fl OAXACA (ALSO F2)

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO F2 OAXACA ( A L S O F l )

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO OAXACA

6

GENERAL

62

MEXICO G5 4 OAXACA ( W E A K A R T I C U L A T I O N ) MEXICO G5 6 FREQUENT O A X A C A ( R E H I L A M I E N T O DE 3 C L A S E S : SUAVE* M E D I A E I N T E N S A ) MEXICO OAXACA

G5

27

MEXICO G7 OAXACA ( A L S O G 5 )

6

FREQUENT

MEXICO G9 6 O A X A C A ( I N I T I A L & I N T E R V O C A L I C . ALSO G 5 , G 7 I MEXICO H2 6 PREDOMINANT O A X A C A ( « L A - N F I N A L ABSOLUTA SUELE S E R V E L A R · ) (ALSO H 5 I H2

18

MEXICO H5 OAXACA (ALSO H2)

6

11

6

MEXICO Jl O A X A C A ( A L S O J4)

6

MEXICO OAXACA

MEXICO OAXACA

J4 MEXICO O A X A C A ( I N I T I A L ONLY?)

FREQUENT

PREDOMINANT

6 SOMETIMES ( A L S O Jl) ·

K2 6 MEXICO O A X A C A ( «PREOORSO-ALVEODENTAL DE T I M B R E AGJDO' ) MEXICO LI O A X A C A ( SEE A L S O L4)

6

(UNCERTAIN!

WOMEN

(UNCERTAIN) MEN MEXICO L« 6 O A X A C A ( » S O N I D O . . . A C O M P A N A D O DE C I E R T A V I B R A C I O N « ) ( S E E L I ) MEXICO

Ml

6

OAXACA ( ' E S MAS UN RASGO DEL HABLA UR6ANA QUE DE LA R U R A L 1 ) MEXICO G2 71 ALWAYS OAXACA: OAXACA

MEXICO G5 71 GENERAL OAXACA: OAXACA ( ' N O S I E M P R E CON IQUAL INTENSIDAD* ) MEXICO

14

72

MEXICO

15

72

OAXACA: SANTA M A R I A AZOMPA

OAXACA: SANTA M A R I A AZOMPA (LENIS A R T I C U L A T I O N )

379 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

MEXICO 18 72 O A X A C A : SANTA M A R I A A Z O M P A

FREQUENT

MEXICO

SOMET IMES

19

OAXACA: SANTA MARIA AZOMPA

72

SPEAKERS

MEXICO J3 72 O A X A C A : SANTA M A R I A A Z O M P A MEXICO

OAXACA:

MEXICO

OAXACA:

TUXTEPEC TUXTEPEC

15 72 ILENIS ARTICULATION) ÉÈ

72

OCCASIONALLY

INCULTA

4 G5 MEXICO P U E B L A ( W E A K A R T I C U L A T I ON)

MEXICO PUEBLA

G5

27

MEXICO PUEBLA

H2

18

G2

71

MEXICO

PUEBLA:

MEXICO

PUEBLA:

PUEBLA

ALWAYS

71 OLDER S P E A K E R S 65 P U E B L A ( «MENOS INTENSO EN PUEBLA QUE EN... OAXACA' 1

G5 YOUNG S P E A K E R S MEXICO P U E B L A : PUEBLA 1 «SOLO.. .CUANOO LA /Õ/ ÉÈÁ P R E C E O I O A OE/S/· 1

MEXICO P U E B L A : PUEBLA

G7

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO P U E B L A : PUEBLA

G8

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO P U E B L A : PUEBLA

G9

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

G10

71

SOMETIMES

PUEBLA:

PUEBLA

MEXICO

G2 TEZIUTLAN

71

ALWAYS

MEXICO

G5 TEZIUTLAN

71

SOME SPEAKERS

MEXICO

G7 TEZIUTLAN

71

SOMETIMES

G8 MEXICO PUEBLA: TEZIUTLAN

71

SOMETIMES

G9 MEXICO PUEBLA: TEZIUTLAN

71

SOMETIMES

PUEBLA: PUEBLA:

PUEBLA:

MEXICO

G10 TEZIUTLAN

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

15 ZACAPOAXTLA

72

GENERAL

MEXICO 18 PUEBLA: ZACAPOAXTLA

72

NEVER

PUEBLA:

PUEBLA:

MEXICO 13 72 SAN L U I S POTOSI : TAMAZUNCHALE

.

PREDOMINANT

380 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

MEXICO I« 72 SAN L U T S POTOSI : TAMAZUNCHALE

USAGE

SPEAKERS

SOMETIMES

MEXICO 15 72 SAN L U I S POTOSI : TAMAZUNCHALE 19 MEXICO 72 SOMETIMES S A N L U I S POTOSI: TAMAZUNCHALE { B E F O R E / L » N / J

MEXICO Jl 72 SAN L U I S POTOSI : TAMAZUNCHALE

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO J* 72 SAN L U I S POTOSI : TAMAZUNCHALE

SPORADIC

MEXICO J5 72 SAN L U I S POTOSI : TAMAZUNCHALE

OCCASIONALLY

MEXICO

Ml

MEXICO SOUTH

G10

11

SAN L U I S POTOSI: TAMAZUNCHALE

RURAL

FREQUENT

27

Gil MEXICO SOUTH ( C NORTH I

MEXICO K2 27 SOUTHEAST ( H A L F ) ( D O R S O A L V E O L A R CONVEX) MEXICO Nl 65 SOUTHEAST ( B E T W E E N G U A T E M A L A AND ISTMO DE TEHUANTEPEC) MEXICO H2 TABASCO ( C O A S T A L P A R T S )

18

MEXICO TABASCO

Jl

31

MEXICO TABASCO

Nl

28

MEXICO TABASCO ( M O S T )

Nl

65

MEXICO Nl TABASCO ( P A R T S )

103

MEXICO H2 18 T A M A U L I P A S (COASTAL P A R T S ) MEXICO G2 71 T L A X A C A L A : HUAMANTLA MEXICO TLAXACALA:

65 HUAMANTLA

ALL CLASSES

ALWAYS

71

SOME S P E A K E R S

MEXICO

G7

71

SOMETIMES

MEXICO

G8

71

SOMETIMES

71

SOMETIMES

71

SOMETIMES

TLAXACALA: HUAMANTLA TLAXACALA: HUAMANTLA

MEXICO TLAXACALA: MEXICO

G9 HUAMANTLA G10

TLAXACALA: HUAMANTLA

MEXICO 78 V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O A 8 )

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

381 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

MEXICO A4 79 VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O A8) MEXICO A8 78 V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O A*)

R A P I D SPEECH

CLASE POPULAR

MEXICO A8 79 V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O A«)

È66 78 MEXICO V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O B l 3 0 f CLASE POPUL

R)

79 866 SOMETIMES MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O 670,8130 »B134I MEXICO 79 B70 V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O B134I MEXICO B130 V A L L E DE M E X I C O

SOMETIMES

78

INCULTA CLASE POPULAR

B130 79 MEXICO SOMETIMES V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O B 6 6 , B 7 0 , 81341 MEXICO V A L L E DE

MEXICO

B134

( A L S O 870)

MEXICO Cl VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

SOMETIMES

INCULTA

19

MEXICO 78 Cl VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O C 2 I

GENERAL

79 MEXICO Cl VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O C 2 I

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO C2 V A L L E DE M E X I C O

78

RARE

MEXICO C2 VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

RARE

MEXICO FREQUENT OLDER S P E A K E R S C3 7È V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( N O N - A F F E C T E D I N I N C U L T A A N D SEM I C U L T A ) CLASE POPULA« MEXICO C3 78 SOME S P E A K E R S VALLE DE M E X I C O (NON-AFFECTEO I N O L D E R S P E A K E R S ) MEXICO C3 V A L L E DF M E X I C O

79

SOMETIMES

MEXICO C5 V A L L E DE M E X I C O

79

SOMETIMES

Dl MEXICO 78 V A L L E DE M E X I C O ( A L S O 05, D8)

GENERAL

05 MEXICO V A L L E DP M E X I C O

78

SOMETIMES

MEXICO 08 VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

SOMETIMES

MEXICO El VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

GENERAL

MEXICO El 79 GENERAL VALLE DE M E X I C O ( • . . . D O R S O P A L A T A L M MEXICO 78 VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O F 2 , F 4 I

PREDOMINANT

CULTA

382 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

MEXICO Fl 79 VALUE DE M E X I C O I A L S O F 2 I

USAGE

SPEAKERS

PREDOMINANT

78 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O ( I N C U L T A AND S E M K U L T A )

OLDER

F2 79 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O U N GROUP / F H / I

CULTA

F2 79 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O ( I N C U L T A AND S E M I C U L T A I

OLDER

if

MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

FREQUENT

SPEAKERS

SPEAKERS

EXCEPT CULTA

F4 79 FREQUENT EXCEPT CULTA MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O (CULTA H A S B I L A B I A L BEFORE / W / ) MEXICO G2 VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

MEXICO G2 VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

G7 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

G9 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

MEXICO G9 79 VALLE DE M E X I C O « I N I T I A L P O S I T I O N ) G10 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

G10 79 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O ( I N T E R V O C A L I C )

MEXICO HI 78 VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O H5 I

PREDOMINANT

HI 79 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O H 5 )

PREDOMINANT

H5 MEXICO VALLE OE M E X I C O

78

OCCASIONALLY

INCULTA

HS MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

SOMETIMES

INCULTA

MEXICO II VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

GENERAL

MEXICO II V A L L E DE M E X I C O

79

GENERAL

MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

GENERAL

MEXICO 14 VALLE OE M E X I C O

79

RARE

MEXICO 15 VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

15 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O

79

SOMETIMES

116 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X i C O

78

GENERAL

C L A S E POPULAR

383 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

Jl MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O Jl MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O ( A L S O

'78

USAGE FREQUENT

79

PREDOMINANT

J3 MEXICO V A L L E OE M E X I C O

79

SOMETIMES

MEXICO V A L L E DE M E X I C O

31

MEXICO V A L L E DE M E X I C O

78

J3)

SPEAKERS

SOMETIMES

MEXICO K2 78 GENERAL VALLE DE M E X I C O ( · PREDORSO-ALVEODENTAL C O N V E X O M

K2 79 MEXICO VALLE DE M E X I C O I ·PREDORSO-ALVEODENTAL CONVEXOM MEXICO L2 VALLE DE M E X I C O

78

GENERAL

Ml MEXICO VALLE OF M E X I C O

78

GENERAL

G5 MEXICO VERACRUZ ( W E A K A R T I C I MEXICO VERACRUZ

( F R O M CORDOBA NORTH, EXCEPT

G5

H2 MEXICO VERACRUZ « C O A S T A L PARTS) MEXICO VERACRUZ MEXICO

VERACRUZ:

ALL CLASSES

12 G2 ANTON LIZARDO

ORIZABA)

27 Éâ

5 71

ALWAYS

G5 71 NEVER MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : ANTON L I Z A R D O ( * N I S I Q U I E R A . . .FORMAL 0 E N F A T I C A M G9 71 FREQUENT MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : ANTON L I Z A R D O ( I N I T I A L å I N T E R V O C A L I C ) G12 MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : ANTON L I Z A R D O

71

FREQUENT

G2 MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : BOCA D E L R I O

71

ALWAYS

G5 71 NEVER MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : BOCA D E L RIO C N I S l QU I ERA. . .FORMAL 0 E N F A T I C A · ) MEXICO

VERACRUZ:

G9 71 FREQUENT BOCA D E L R I O ( I N I T I A L £ I N T E R V O C A L I C )

G10 MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : BOCA D E L R I O

71

FRFQUENT

MEXICO VERACRUZ

Gl 71 NEVER CORDOBA ( M N I ) E L MENOR R A S T R O M

MEXICO VERACRUZ

G2 CORDOBA

71

ALWAYS

MEXICO G5 71 RARE V E R A C R U Z : CORDOBA ( » C A S I E X C L U S I V A M E N T E T R A S

/S/M

384 I N D E X NO. COUNTRY G7 MEXICO VERACRUZ : COROOBA G8 MEXICO VERACRUZ: CORDOBA

AUTHOR USAGE 71 FREQUENT 71

71 G9 CORDOBA 71 MEXICO GIO VERACRUZ: CORDOBA 71 MEXICO Gl V E R A C R U Z : F O R T I N DE LAS FLORES MEXICO

VERACRUZ:

MEXICO G2 V E R A C R U Z : F O R T I N DE G5 MEXICO VERACRUZ: F O R T I N DE GT MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : F O R T I N DE G8 MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : F O R T I N DE 69 MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : F O R T I N DE MEXICO VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ:

MEXICO VERACRUZ:

VERACRUZ:

WOMEN

PREDOMINANT

MEN

PREDOMINANT

MEN

NEVER I M N I ) E L MENOR R A S T R O · )

71 ALWAYS LAS FLORES

71 RARE LAS FLORES (CASI EXCLUS. TRAS / S / ) 71 FREQUENT WOMEN LAS FLORES 71 FREQUENT WOMEN LAS FLORES 71 PREDOMINANT MEN LAS FLORES 71 PREDOMINANT GIO MEN F O R T I N OE LAS FLORES 4 61 ORIZABA 61 71 NEVER O R I Z A B A ( ' ( N i l EL MENOR RASTRO· 1 71 ALWAYS 62 ORIZABA 65 71 RARE O R I Z A B A ( · CASI E X C L U S I V A M E N T E TRAS /$/· } 67 WOMEN 71 FREQUENT ORIZABA 71 FREQUENT 68 WOMEN ORIZABA G9 4 ORIZABA 69 71 PREDOMINANT MEN ORI Æ Á Â Á

MEXICO 610 VERACRUZ : O R I Z A B A MEXICO VERACRUZ: O R I Z A B A613 MEXICO

FREQUENT

SPEAKERS WOMEN

62 PAPANTLA

71

PREDOMINANT

MEN

4 71

ALWAYS

MEXICO 65 71 NEVER VERACRUZ : P A P A N T L A ( •Nl S I QU I ER A... FORMAL 0 ENFATICA« 1 69 71 FREQUENT MEXICO VERACRUZ: P A P A N T L A ( I N I T I A L 6 I N T E R V O C A L I C !

385 COUNTRY MEXICO

VERACRUZ:

I N D E X NO. G10 PAPANTLA

G2 MEXICO VERACRUZ: VERACRUZ

AUTHOR

USAGE

71

FREQUENT

71

ALWAYS

SPEAKERS

NEVER 71 G5 MEXICO V E R A C R U Z : V E R A C R U Z ( • N I S I Q U I ER A... FORMAL 0 E N F A T I C A » MEXICO

VERACRUZ: MEXICO VERACRUZ:

G9 VERACRUZ (

71

INITIAL å

FREQUENT INTERVOCALIC!

G12 VERACRUZ

71

MEXICO YUCATAN

A10

27

MEXICO YUCATAN

G2

27

MEXICO YUCATAN

G10

27

MEXICO YUCATAN

Jl

31

MEXICO YUCATAN

A2

â

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO YUCATAN

A6

â

SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN

845

Â

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO YUCATAN

BIOS

â

SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN

C«

8

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO YUCATAN

C5

8

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO YUCATAN

C6

â

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO YUCATAN

013

â

PREDOMINANT

FREQUENT

â MEXICO El GENERAL YUCATAN t ' M A S P A L A T A L QUE LA CASTE.LLANA.. .Y MEXICO YUCATAN

Fl

8

SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN

F2

8

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO YUCATAN

F3

â

OCCASIONALLY

MEXICO YUCATAN

F4

8

SOMETIMES

MEXICO -H2 8 YUCATAN I M O N O L I N G U A L S ONLY I

GENERAL

8 PREDOMINANT MEXICO YUCATAN < «CON TENSION 0 R E L A J A M I E N T O * I

MUY T E N S A »

386 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

MEXICO YUCATAN

H5

8

FREQUENT

MEXICO YUCATAN

II

8

GENERAL

MEXICO YUCATAN

15

8

SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN

18

8

RARE

Jl

8

PREDOMINANT

MEXICO YUCATAN

J3

8

SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN

J4

8

SOMETIMES

MEXICO YUCATAN

J5

8

SOME SPEAKERS

MEXICO YUCATAN ( A L L

SPEAKERS

ENVIRONMENTSl

MEXICO K2 8 GENEPAL YUCATAW · P R E O O R S O - A L V E O D E N T A L . . . E X T R A O R D I N A R I A M E N T E T E N S A » )

K3

MEXICO YUCATAN

SPORADIC

LI 8 MEXICO Y U C A T A N ( OF C A R A C T E R F A R I N G E O

PREDOMINANT ANTE A , Q , U . . . '

MEXICO Y X A T A N ( •LA

L2 J (FCN.

XI

MEXICO YUCATAN

( •LA

L3 J PUERTO RICO E4 69 FREQUENT ARECIBO: MANATI ( A L S O E 1 . E 3 ) PUERTO RICO E4 69 SOMETIMES ARECIBO: MANATI ( A L S O E 1 , E 3 ) Fl 69 PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI (ALSO F 2 . F 3 ) GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S ALL CLASSES ALL C L A S S E S ALL C L A S S E S ALL C L A S S E S YOUNG S P E A K E R S ALL C L A S S E S ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI

F2 69 (ALSO F1.F3»

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI

F3 69 (ALSO F l , F 2 )

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

G2 (INITIAL

69 GENERAL INTERVOCALIC)

ALL CLASSES

G9 PUERTO R I C O A R E C I B O : MANATI ( I N I T I A L

69 GENERAL INTERVOCALIC»

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI

H2

69

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

12

69

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

15

69

RARE

ALL

PUERTO R I C O ARECIBO: MANATI

16

69

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

19 PUERTO R I C O A R E C I B O : MANATI

69

SOMETIMES

69

FREQUENT

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O A R E C I B O : MANATI

111

PUERTO R I C O ARECIBO: MANATI

115 69 SOMETIMES (ESPECIALLY INCÜLTA)

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O A R E C I B O : MANATI

116

ALL CLASSES

69

PREDOMINANT

412 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

PUERTO RICO ARECIBO: MANATI

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

Jl 69 FREQUENT (ESPECIALLY CULTAI ( A L S O J5)

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O J5 69 SOMETIMES CULT A A R E C I B O : MANATI ( F R E Q U E N T OTHER CLASSES) I ALSO J l l J5 69 FREQUENT PUERTO R I C O A R E C I B O : MANATI ( S O M E T I M E S CULTA) ( A L S O

Jll

E X C E P T CULTA

PUERTO R I C O Kl ARECIBO: MANATI

69

PREDOMINANT

A

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O LI A R E C I B O : MANATI

69

ALWAYS

A

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Ml A R E C I B O : MANATI

69

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO N2 ARECIBO: MANATI PUERTO RICO EI ARECIBO: UTUADO

69

ALWAYS

85

AALL C L A S S E S

A

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Kl 85 ILLITERATE A R E C I B O : UTUADO: C A G U A N A S ( A P I C O A L V E O L A R CONCAVE) PUERTO R I C O K2 B A Y A M O N : B A Y A M O N : OAJAOS

85

ILLITERATE

PUERTO RICO 18 BAYAMON: VEGA BAJA

85

Í NEGROES

PUERTO R I C O 118 B A Y A M O N : VEGA B A J A

85

Í NEGROES

PUERTO R I C O EAST

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO 16 EAST ( å NORTHEASTI

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO EAST

85

8232

Ml

PUERTO R I C O AlO GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

NEVER

A

PUERTO R I C O A13 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

SPORADIC

OLDER 0 SPEAKERS

PUERTO R I C O Al* GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

GENERAL

AALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Cl GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

ALWAYS

A ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O D7 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

PUERTO RICO E3 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

GENERAL

Al

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O

117

PREDOMINANT

PUERTO R I C O F2 GUAYAMA.: B A R R A N Q U I T A S

117

OCCASIONALLY

PUERTO R I C O Gl GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

SPORADIC

Fi

GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

CLASSES

OLDER 01 SPEAKERS

413 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

PUERTO RICO G2 GUAVAMA: BARRANOUITAS PUERTO RICO G12 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS HI PUERTO R I C O GUAYAMA: BARRANOUITAS

USAGE

SPEAKERS

117

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

117

SPORADIC

OLDER S P E A K E R S

117 («EN-PALABRAS AISLADAS...N ALVEOLAR·}

117 PUERTO R I C O H2 G U A Y A M A : B A R R A N Q U I T A S ( «CUANDO F O R M A R O N P A R T E DE F R A S E S « I

PUERTO R I C O 12 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO 16 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO 17 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO Jl GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

NEVER

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O J5 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO J6 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

117

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O K2 117 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS («POSTDENTAL INFERIOR« I

PUERTO R I C O LI GUAYAMA: B A R R A N Q U I T A S PUERTO RICO MI

117

ALWAYS

117

RARE

117

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

40*

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO A14 G U A Y A M A : C A Y E Y I A L S O A10)

40*

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O GUAYAMA: CAYEY

C4

40

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO GUAYAMA: CAYEY

C5

40

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO GUAYAMA: CAYEY

Fl

40

FREQUENT

CULTA

GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS

PUERTO R I C O N2 GUAYAMA: BARRANQUITAS PUERTO RICO A10 GUAYAMA: CAYEY (ALSO

A14)

PUERTO R I C O FI 40 S O M E T I M E S G U A Y A M A : CAYEY (NOT I N S A L I N A S ) F2 40 SOMETIMES PUERTO RICO GUAYAMA: CAYEY

PUERTO RICO GUAYAMA: CAYEY

F2

40

PUERTO RICO GUAYAMA: CAYEY

III

40

PUERTO R I C O Ji G U A Y A M A : C A Y E Y ( A L S O J5I

40

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

ALL C L A S S E S CULTA E X C E P T CULTA RUSTIC

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

414 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

40 FREQUENT ALL CLASSES PUERTO R I C O J5 GUAYAMA: CAYEY (UVULAR F R I C A T I V A å UVULAR V IBRANTE.ALSO J l ) PUERTO R I C O GUAYAMA: CAYEY

LI

40

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O GUAYAMA: CAYEY

N2

40

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

91 FREQUENT PUERTO R I C O A10 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å Cl T Y ) ( A L S O A14)

ALL

91 FREQUENT PUERTO R I C O A14 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å Cl TY) ( A L S O A10)

ALL CLASSES

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Cl HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å Cl

TY)é

91

PREDOMINANT

RUSTIC

PUERTO R I C O Ci HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å CI

TY)I

91

GENERAL

CULT A

PUERTO R I C O Cl HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å CI

TY)l

91

GENERAL

CLASE POPULAR

PUERTO RICO

TY)r91

OCCASIONALLY

RUSTIC

AFFECTED

ALL CLASSES

C2

HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O

å CI

PUERTO R I C O C3 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å CI

TY)

91

PUERTO R I C O C4 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å CI TY)I

NEVER

PUERTO RICO C6 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å CI TY.)}

OCCASIONALLY

RUSTIC

PUERTO R I C O El HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

I

91

PUERTO R I C O E3 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å C I T Y )I PUERTO RICO Fl 91 HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O å C I T Y )I

SOMETIMES

OCCASIONALLY

ALL

CLASSES

ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O F2 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å C I T Y )I

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O G2 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å C I T Y )é

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O H2 91 HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O å CITY)

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O H7 91 SOMETIMES HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O å CI T Y ) ( B E F O R E ALVEOLAR å PUERTO R I C O 12 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å CITY)

GENERAL

BILABIAL) ALL CLASSES

91 PUERTO R I C O 15 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å C I T Y )

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O 16 91 HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O å C I T Y )

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

91 PUERTO R I C O 19 HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O å C I T Y )

PUERTO RICO 111 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O å CITY)

OCCASIONALLY

415 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

91 PUERTO R I C O 115 HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O C CI TY)

RARE

ALL C L A S S E S

91 PUERTO R I C O 116 HUMACAO ( O I S T R I T O & CI TV)

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O K2 91 GENERAL HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O € CI TY) ( » P R E D O R S A L » )

ALL CLASSES

91 PUERTO R I C O LI HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O £ CI TY)

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O N2 91 HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O G CI TY)

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O AlO HUMACAO: F A J A R D O ( A L S O A14I

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

5* PUERTO R I C O A14 HUMACAO: FAJARDO (ALSO AlO)

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O C5 HUMACAO: F A J A R O O

54

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

54

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

5*

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Ml HUMACAO ( D I S T R I T O

PUERTO R I C O

Fl

£ CI TY)

HUMACAO: FAJARDO (ALSO PUERTO RICO F2 HUMACAO: FAJAROO (ALSO PUERTO RICO 18 HUMACAO: FAJAROO PUERTO RICO 118 HUMACAO: FAJARDO

F2) F l )I

91

85

NEGROES

85

NEGROES

PUERTO R I C O Jl 54 HUMACAO: F A J A R D O ( A L S O J 5 t J 6 )

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

54 PUERTO R I C O J5 HUMACAO: F A J A R O O ( A L S O J l t J 6 )

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O J6 54 HUMACAO: F A J A R D O (ALSO J 1 , J 5 )

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

54 PUERTO R I C O Kl HUMACAO: F A J A R O O ( A L S O K 2 )é PUERTO R I C O K2 54 HUMACAO: F A J A R D O ( A L S O K l )I PUERTO R I C O LI HUMACAO: FAJAROO

54

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O Ml HUMACAO: F A J A R D O

54

SPORADIC

CULTA

PUERTO R I C O Nl HUMACAO: FAJARDO

54

FREQUENT

EXCEPT

PUERTO R I C O HUMACAO: L O I Z A

18

85

NEGROES

PUERTO R I C O HUMACAO: L O I Z A

118

85

NEGROES

PUERTO R I C O

AlO

33

HUMACAO: VIEQUES

GENERAL

CULTA

ALL C L A S S E S

416 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

PUERTO R I C O Cl HUMACAO: VIEQUES

33

PUERTO R I C O C3 HUMACAO: VIEQUES

33

PUERTO RICO 04 HUMACAO: VIEQUES PUERTO RICO E3

33

USAGE PREDOMINANT

SPEAKERS ALL

CLASSES

OCCASIONALLY

ALL C L A S S E S

33

GENERAL

ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Fl HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

PREDOMINANT

ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O F2 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

SOMETIMES

E X C E P T CULTA

PUERTO R I C O G2 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O G7 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

PREDOMINA

ALL

CLASSES

G9

33

GENERAL

ALL

CLASSES

HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

(ONLY)

PUERTO RICO

HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S 11NTERVOCALICI ;ALI[ C l PUERTO R I C O H2 33 ALWAYS HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

PUERTO RICO

ALL C L A S S E S

12

33

GENERAl

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO 15 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO

33

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

35

FREQUENT

33

SOMETIMES

33

ALWAYS

HUMACAO: VIEQUES

16

HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S PUERTO R I C O 16

HUMACAO: VIEQUES PUERTO RICO III HUMACAO: VIEQUES PUERTO R I C O 116 HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

ALL

CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Jl 33 ALWAYS ALL C L A S S E S HUMACAO: VIEQUES ( N E V E R VELAR OR M I X E D IN V I E Q U E S )

PUERTO R I C O

J5

33

NEVER

PUERTO R I C O

J5

85

FREQUENT

HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S PUERTO RICO J6 33 NEVER HUMACAO: VIEQUES PUERTO RICO K2 33 GENERAL HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S IPREDORSAL FRONTAL. NEVER K I J

ALL C L A S S E S

ALL C L A S S E S , ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O Li HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

GENERAL

ALL

PUERTO R I C O

Ml

33

SOMFTIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO NZ HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

33

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

HUMACAO: V I E Q U E S

CLASSES

417 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

PUERTO R I C O Kl 106 I N T E R I O R ( P A R T S ) I » A P I C O A L V E O L A R . . .CAST E L L A N A · ) PUERTO R I C O El M A Y A G U E Z : CA30 ROJO

85

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Kl 85 M A Y A G U E Z : CABO ROJO < A P I C O O E N T O A L V E O L A R CONCAVEI PUERTO R I C O El MAYAGUEZ: MAYAGUEZ

85

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O El MAYAGUEZ: SAN GERMAN

85

ALL C L A S S E S

85 ILLITERATE PUERTO R I C O Kl M A Y A G U E Z : S A N G E R M A N ; R O S A R I O A L T O ( O E N T O A L V E O L AR CONCAVE) FREQUENT PUERTO RICO B229 85 M O U N T A I N S ( W E S T AND S O U T H W E S T » 16 EAST!

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO NORTHEAST

J6

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO NORTHWEST

16

85

OCCASIONALLY

PUERTO R I C O 115 NORTHWEST É å WEST)

85

SOMETIMES

PUERTO RICO NORTHWEST

J5

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO El PONCE: AOJUNTAS

85

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO PONCE: JAYUYA

El

85

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O PONCE: JAYUYA

K2

85

PUERTO R I C O NORTHEAST U

PUERTO R I C O A10 P O N C E : PONCE ( A L S O A141

41

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

A14 PUERTO RICO PONCE : PONCE ( A L S O A I D »

41

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

41 PUERTO RICO El P O N C E : PONCE ( A L S O E 3 . E 4 )

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

41 PUERTO RICO E3 PONCE : PONCE ( A L S O E 1 , E 4 I

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

E4 41 PUERTO RICO P O N C E : PONCE ( A L S O E l t E B )

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

41

FREQUENT

CAMPESINOS

PUERTO RICO F2 PONCE : PONCE « A L S C F3)

41

FREQUENT

U N I V STUDENTS

PUERTO R f C O F3 P O N C E : PONCE ( A L S O F 2 I

41

FREQUENT

U N I V STUDENTS

PUERTO R I C O P O N C E : PONCE

PUERTO R I C O P O N C E : PONCE

C2

Fl

41

418 COUNTRY

PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO RICO PONCF: PONCE

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

G2

USAGE

SPEAKERS

41

G9 41 PREDOMINANT ALL C L A S S E S ( I N I T I A L £ I N T E R V O C t L I T T L E OR NO F R I C T I O N ! G10 (INITIAL

t

41 FREQUENT INTERVOCALIC)

ALL C L A S S E S

HI

41

H2

41

H7

41

12

41

GENERAL

ALL C L A S S E S

13

41

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

14

41

RARE

15

41

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

16

41

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

17

41

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

19

41

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

OCCASIONALL

41 SOMETIMES 111 ( B E F O R E N A S AL å / L / )

PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE

115

41

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO RICO PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE

116

41

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

117

41

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

119

41

Jl ( A L S O J5)

41

SOMETIMES

ALL C L A S S E S

J5 (ALSO Jll

41

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O P O N C E : PONCE

PREDOMINANT J5 41 («VELAR FRICATIVA SORDA·)

RUSTIC

PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE PUERTO R I C O PONCE: PONCE

J5 41 PREDOMINANT ( » V E L A R F R I C A T I V A SONOR-AM

CULT A

K2 41 PREDOMINANT CAMPESINOS ( P R E D O R S O A L V E O P R E P A L A T A L t L O N G E R THAN URBAN / S / l K2

41

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

419 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

41 PREDOMINANT PUERTO R I C O K2 P O N C E : PONCE ( « P R F O O R S A L P L A N A · I

SPEAKERS URBAN

PUERTO R I C O K3 41 OCCASIONALLY P O N C E : PONCE « E S P E C I A L L Y C I T Y O F P O N C E I PUERTO R I C O P O N C E : PONCE

LI

41

A10 PUERTO R I C O 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

ALWAYS FREQUENT ( A L S O A14)

ALL C L A S S E S YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O A14 109 SOMETIMES SAN JUAN « M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA) (ALSO A10)

YOUNG

PUERTO R I C O Cl 109 SAN JUAN « M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

RARE

YOUNG SPEAKERS

PUERTO RICO C2 109 SAN JUAN (METROPOLITAN AREA)

PREDOMINANT

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO RICO C3 , 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

NEVER

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O C4 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA)

NEVER

YOUNG

SPEAKERS

SPEAKERS

PUERTO RICO D4 109 S A N JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O El 109 SAN JUAN (METROPOLITAN AREA)

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO RICO G2 109 SAN J U A N I M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

ALWAYS

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O G9 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA)

YOUNG

PUERTO R I C O 12 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA)

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

SPEAKERS

PUERTO R I C O 15 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A )

SOMETIMES

PUERTO RICO SAN J U A N

85

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO 16 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA)

FREQUENT

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O 111 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA)

FREQUENT

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O 115 109 SAN JUAN (METROPOLITAN AREA)

SOMETIMES

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O 116 109 SAN JUAN (METROPOLITAN A R E A )

PREDOMINANT

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O Jl 109 SAN JUAN (METROPOLITAN AREA)

PREDOMINANT

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O J5 109 SAN JUAN (METROPOLITAN AREA)

SOMETIMES

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O SAN JUAN

16

J6

85

YOUNG

SPEAKERS

FREQUENT

PUERTO R I C O K2 109 SAN JUAN ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA) CPREDORSAL· )

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

420 COUNTRY

INDEX NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS YOUNG S P E A K E R S

PUERTO R I C O LI 109 SAN J U A N ( M E T R O P O L I T A N AREA1

PUERTO RICO Ml 109 PREDOMINANT YOUNG S P E A K E R S SAN J U A N ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A ) ( • S U E L E . . . E N S O R D E C E R S E · I PUERTO R I C O N2. 109 SAN J U A N ( M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E AI

ALWAYS

YOUNG S P E A K E R S

111

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O SAN J U A N

N2

PUERTO R I C O A10 62 FREQUENT ALL CLASSES S A N J U A N : B A Y A M O N ( E S P E C I A L L Y C U L T A ) ( A L S O A14) PUERTO R I C O A14 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N ( A L S O

62 A10)

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O Cl SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO C2 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO C3 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

AFFECTED

PUERTO RICO C5 SAN J U A N : R A Y A M O N

62

SOMETIMES

PUERTO R I C O El SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

62

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O E3 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

RARE

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO Fl SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

FREQUENT

CULTA

PUERTO R I C O Fi SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

62

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO F2 SAN J U A N : BAYAMON

62

FREQUENT

E X C E P T CULTA

PUERTO R I C O F2 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

OCCASIONALLY

CULTA

PUERTO RICO F3 SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

62

SOMETIMES

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO H2 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO R I C O 15 FREQUENT 62 SAN JUAN: 8AYAMON ( E S P E C I A L L Y CULTA)

ALL CLASSES

PUERTO RICO 16 SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

ALL C L A S S E S

62

SOMETIMES

PUERTO RICO 19 62 OCCASIONALLY ALL CLASSES SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N ( E S P E C I A L L Y P O P U L A R £ R U R A L C L A S S E S I PUERTO RICO 111 62 CULTA SOMETIMES S A N J U A N : B A Y A M O N ( B E F O R E / N / ) ( F R E Q U E N T I N OTHER C L A S S E S » PUERTO RICO FREQUENT E X C E P T CULTA 111 62 SAN JUAN: BAYAMON (BEFORE / N / ) (SOMETIMES CULTA) PUERTO RICO 114 SAN J U A N : B A Y A M O N

62

SPORADIC

421 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

PUERTO R I C O 115 SAN J U A N : B A V A H O N

62

OCCASIONALLY

PUERTO R I C O 116 SAN J U A N : 8 A Y A M O N

62

GENERAL

SPEAKERS

ALL

CLASSES

ALL C L A S S E S PUERTO R I C O K2 62 GENERAL SAN JUAN: BAYAMON t « F R O N T A L D E N T A L . . . » 0 PREDORSAL C O N V E X A « ) PUERTO R I C O LI SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

62

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O Ml 62 SAN JUAN: 8AYAMON ( E S P E C I A L L Y CULTA)

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O Nl SAN JUAN: BAYAMON

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

95 A14)

FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O Al PUERTO R I C O H2 20 GENERAL ALL CLASSES SAN J U A N : S A N T U R C E CULT A PUERTO R I C O II 20 GENERAL SAN J U A N : S A N T U R C E FREQUENT E X C E P T CULTA 20 PUERTO R I C O 12 SAN J U A N : SANTURCE CULTA 20 RARE PUERTO R I C O 12 SAN J U A N : SANTURCE CULTA 20 PUERTO R I C O 15 GENERAL SAN J U A N : S A N T U R C E CULTA PUERTO RICO 16 20 RARE SAN J U A N : SANTURCE FREQUENT PUERTO RICO 16 20 SAN J U A N : SANTURCE PUERTO RICO 116 20 GENERAL SAN J U A N : SANTURCE 20 PUERTO RICO Jl GENERAL SAN J U A N : SANTURCE PUERTO R I C O J6 20 RARE SAN J U A N : SANTURCE ( M O S T FREQUENT M E D I A L L Y »

E X C E P T CULTA ALL C L A S S E S ALL

CLASSES

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO RICO K2 SAN J U A N : SANTURCE

20

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O K3 SAN J U A N : S A N T U R C E

20

OCCASIONALLY

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O LI SAN J U A N : SANTURCE

20

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O Ml SAN J U A N : SANTURCE

20

OCCASIONALLY

E X C E P T CULTA

PUERTO RICO N2 SAN JUAN: SANTURCE

20

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

PUERTO R I C O SOUTH

85

FREQUENT

K3

PUERTO RICO FREQUENT B5 J5 SOUTHEAST FREQUENT PUERTO P I C O È5 A10 .. S O U T H W E S T ( F R O M U T U A D O TO COASTS OF C A B O R O J O AND P O N C E ) PUERTO R I C O SOUTHWEST

9165

35

FRFOUFNT

424 COUNTRY PUERTO R I C O SOUTHWEST

INDEX NO.

8167

AUTHOR 85

PUERTO RICO U SOUTHWEST ( O N L Y »

85

PUERTO R I C O SOUTHWEST

85

Jl

USAGE

SPEAKERS

FREQUENT

FREQUENT

PUERTO RICO B165 85 SOMETIMES WEST ( E X C E P T F R E Q U E N T I N S O U T H W E S T ) PUERTO R I C O B167 85 SOMETIMES WEST ( E X C E P T FREQUENT I N SOUTHWEST) PUERTO RICO WEST

B231

85

PUERTO RICO EI WEST ( I N T E R I O R )

85

PUERTO R I C O 115 WEST ( £ NORTHWEST)

85

REP QOMINICANA

AlO

57

REP OOMINICANA (ALSO A14)

AlO

86

REP O O M I N I C A N A

A14

27

REP O O M I N I C A N A (ALSO A l O )

A14

REP O O M I N I C A N A REP D O M I N I C A N A

FREQUENT

SOMETIMES

RARE

RURAL

86

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

B167

86

RARE

RURAL

B168

86

RARE

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A B231 ( A L S O B167,B168,B232)

86

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

8232

86

RARE

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

Cl

57

GENERAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

Cl

86

RARE

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A C2 ( « S I G N O DE I N C U L T U R A « )

57

REP D O M I N I C A N A

C2

86

REP D O M I N I C A N A

01

86

REP O Q M I N I C A N A

El

57

PREDOMINANT

REP O O M I N I C A N A

El

86

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

E3

86

FREQUENT

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

E4

57

OCCASIONALLY

REP D O M I N I C A N A

F2

86

RARE

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A

F3

86

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

REP O O M I N I C A N A

F4

57

RARE

REP DOMINICANA

Gl

57

ALWAYS

INCULTA PREDOMINANT

RURAL RURAL

425 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

REP D O M I N I C A N A

G2

REP D O M I N I C A N A

G2

27

REP O O M I N I C A N A

G2

86

GENERAL

RURAL

REP O O M I N I C A N A ( INITIAL)

G5

86

SOMETIMES

RURAL

PREDOMINANT

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A G7 4 ( E N V I R O N M E N T N O T S P E C I F I FO) G7

57

REP OOMINICANA G7 (ALSO G5 I N I T I A L »

86

REP O O M I N I C A N A

4 REP O O M I N I C A N A G8 ( E N V I R O N M E N T N O T S P E C I F I EO» REP D D M I N I C A N A

G8

57

REP O O M I N I C A N A

G9

27

REP O O M I N I C A N A

G9

57

SOMETIMES

REP D O M I N I C A N A

G9

86

PREDOMINANT

REP O O M I N I C A N A

H2

18

REP D O M I N I C A N A

H2

57

GENERAL

REP O O M I N I C A N A

H2

86

GENERAL

REP O O M I N I C A N A

12

5

REP O O M I N I C A N A

12

57

REP O O M I N I C A N A

12

86

REP D O M I N I C A N A

15

5

REP O O M I N I C A N A

15

57

REP O O M I N I C A N A 15 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y )

86

REP O O M I N I C A N A

16

5

REP D O M I N I C A N A

16

57

REP D O M I N I C A N A 16 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y »

86

REP D O M I N I C A N A

17

5

REP OOMINICANA

[7

57

SOMETIMES

18

5

REP D O M I N I C A N A

18

57

REP O O M I N I C A N A 18 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C O U N T R Y )

86

"EP DOMINICANA

57

RURAL

ALL C GENERAL

RURAL

SOMETIMES

RURAL

SOMETIMES

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A 17 86 SOMETIMES ( M A N Y PARTS OF C C U N T R Y , ESPEC IALLY SOUTH) REP D O M I N I C A N A

RURAL

SOMETIMES

RURAL

RURAL

426 COUNTRY

I N D E X Nt).

REP D O M I N I C A N A 19 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C O U N T R Y )

AUTHOR

USAGE

86

SOMETIMES

RURAL

SOMETIMES

RURAL

REP DOMINICANA

111

5

REP DOMINICANA

111

57

REP DOMINICANA 111 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y )

86

REP DOMINICANA

57

112

86 REP DOMINICANA 112 SOMETIMES ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C O U N T R Y , ESPEC I A L L Y N O R T H ) REP DOMINICANA

113

REP DOMINICANA 113 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y )

SPEAKERS

RURAL

5 36

SOMETIMES

RURAL

REP DOMINICANA

114

5

REP DOMINICANA

115

5

REP DOMINICANA

115

57

REP DOMINICANA

115

63

SOMETIMES

EXCEPT CULTA

86

SOMETIMES

RURAL

SOMETIMES

RURAL

REP OOMINICANA 115 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C O U N T R Y ) REP DOMINICANA

116

5

REP DOMINICANA

116

57

116 REP DOMINICANA ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y )

86

REP DOMINICANA

117

5

REP DOMINICANA

117

57

117 REP OOMINICANA ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y ,

86 SOMETIMES ESPEC IALLY SOUTH)

REP OOMINICANA

118

5

REP DOMINICANA

119

57

REP DOMINICANA 119 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y )

86

REP DOMINICANA

121

5

REP D O M I N I C A N A

122

57

REP DOMINICANA 122 ( M A N Y P A R T S OF C C U N T R Y ,

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES 86 ESPEC I A L L Y NORTH)

REP OOMINICANA

123

5

REP DOMINICANA

124

5

REP DOMINICANA

Jl

31

REP DOMINICANA

Jl

57

GENERAL

REP DOMINICANA

Jl

86

RARE

RURAL

RURAL

RURAL

RURAL

86 RURAL REP D O M I N I C A N A J2 (PARTSt INCLUDING HARRO, JEREMIASt SAN FRANCISCO)

427 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

REP O O M I N I C A N A

J5

27

REP D O M I N I C A N A

J5

57

SPORADIC

REP

DOMINICANA

J5

86

RARE

REP DOMINICANA

Kl

57

SPEAKERS

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A K2 27 ( M O S T OF C Q U N T R Y I ( O O R S O A L V E O L A R C O N V E X ) REP D O M I N I C A N A (OORSOALVEOLAR

K2 CONVEX I

86

RURAL

REP DOMINICANA

LI

27

GENERAL

REP DOMINICANA

LI

57

GENERAL

REP OOMINICANA

LI

86

GENERAL

REP DOMINICANA

Ml

86

REP DOMINICANA

N2

36

REP OOMINICANA

N2

65

REP DOMINICANA

N2

103

RURAL RURAL

ALWAYS

86 FREQUENT REP OOMINICANA 112 NORTH ( F R O M C I 8 A C T O PUERTO P L A T A )

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A 122 86 FREQUENT NORTH ( F R O M C I B A O T O P U E R T O P L A T A »

RURAL

86

RURAL

REP O O M I N I C A N A J2 86 SAN CRISTOBAL: SAN CRISTOBAL REP D O M I N I C A N A J2 86

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A P E R A V I A : BANI

J2

SAN PEDRO DE M A C Q R I S : GUAYACANF.S

RURAL

REP D O M I N I C A N A A10 SANTO D O M I N G O ( A L S O A 1 4 I

63

OCCASIONALLY

CULTA

REP D O M I N I C A N A A14 SANTO D O M I N G O ( A L S O A 1 O )

63

PREDOMINANT

ALL C L A S S E S

REP D O M I N I C A N A Cl 63 SOMETIMES SANTO D O M I N G O ( P R E D O M I N A N T C U L T A )

E X C E P T CULTA

REP D O M I N I C A N A Cl 63 PREDOMINANT SANTO D O M I N G O ( S O M E T I M E S OTHER C L A S S E S )

CULTA

REP D O M I N I C A N A C2 63 PREDOMINANT SANTO D O M I N G O ( O C C A S I O N A L L Y C U L T A )

E X C E P T CULTA

REP O O M I N I C A N A C2 63 OCCASIONALLY SANTO D O M I N G O ( P R E D O M I N A N T O T H F R C L A S S E S »

CULTA

REP D O M I N I C A N A SANTO D O M I N G O

ALL C L A S S E S

07

REP D O M I N I C A N A El SANTO D O M I N G O ( I N I C I A L

63

FREQUENT

63 ABSOLUTA)

REP D O M I N I C A N A E4 63 SANTO D O M I N G C ( I N T E R V O C A L I C )

428 COUNTRY

1 N D E X NO.

Fl REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O ( I N I T I A L )

AUTHOR

USAGE

63

PREDOMINANT

REP OOMINICANA F2 63 SANTO D O M I N G O ( I N T E R V O C A L I C »

PREDOMINANT

SPEAKERS

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

F4

63

RARE

C L A S E POPULAR

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

G2

63

ALWAYS

ALL CLASSES

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

G7

63

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

68

63

SPORADIC

63

FREQUENT

ALL CLASSES

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

63

PREDOMINANT

ALL CLASSES

OCCASIONALLY

REP DOMINICANA G9 SANTO D O M I N G O ( I N I T I A L »

REP DOMINICANA G9 63 SANTO D O M I N G O ( I N T E R V O C A L I C » REP OOMINICANA H2 SANTO D O M I N G O ( A L S O H 5 ) REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

H5

63

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

12

63

REP DOMINICANA 15 SANTO D O M I N G O ( S O M E T I M E S

63 FREQUENT OTHER CLASS ES I

REP DOMINICANA 15 63 SANTO D O M I N G O ( F R E Q U E N T C U L T A ) REP OOMINICANA 16 SANTO D O M I N G O ( F R E Q U E N T

ALL CLASSES

SOMETIMES

63 SOMETIMES OTHER CLASSES I

CULTA EXCEPT

CULTA

CULTA

REP DOMINICANA 16 63 FREQUENT SANTO D O M I N G O ( S O M E T I M E S CULTA)

EXCEPT CULTA

REP DOMINICANA III 63 FREQUENT SANTO D O M I N G O ( S O M E T I M E S C U L T A »

EXCEPT CULTA

REP DOMINICANA III 63 SOMETIMES SANTO D O M I N G O ( F R E Q U E N T OTHER C L A S S E S »

CULTA

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

112

63

OCCASIONALLY

EXCEPT CULTA

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

116

63

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

122

63

SOMETIMES

CLASE POPULAR

REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

Jl

63

OCCASIONALLY

CULTA

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

J5

63

NEVER

REP DOMINICANA J6 63 PREDOMINANT ALL C L A S S E S SANTO D O M I N G O ( • F R I C A T I V A A P I C O A L V E O L A R S U A V E · » REP DOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

K2

63

GENERAL

ALL CLASSES

429 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

REP DOMINICANA SANTO DOMINGO

LI

63

GENERAL

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

Ml

63

SOMETIMES

REP OOMINICANA SANTO D O M I N G O

Nl

63

NEVER

ALL C L A S S E S

REP OOMINICANA SANTO DOMINGO

N2

63

ALWAYS

ALL C L A S S E S

REP OOMINtCANA SEI80

112

86

SOMETIMES

RURAL

REP OOMINICANA SOUTH

17

86

FREQUENT

RURAL

REP OOMINICANA SOUTH

117

86

FREQUENT

RURAL

SALVADOR ( E L ) ( A L S O A10I

A2

2*

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

A10

22*

SALVADOR

(EL)

A10

23*

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L ) (ALSO A2)

A10

2*

PREDOMINANT

SALVADOR

(EL)

A10

27

SALVADOR

(EL)

845

2*

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

846

24

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ( ( E L )

B173

24

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

B174

22*

SALVADOR

(EL)

817*

23*

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

817*

24

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

8174

24

FREQUENT

SALVADOR

(EL)

Cl

24

PREDOMINANT

SALVADOR

(EL)

C2

24

SOMETIMES

013 SALVADOR (EL) 22* ( S E M I V O W E L S NOT ME NT I QNED)

SALVADOR (EL) 013 23* ( S E M I V O W E L S N O T ME NT I ONED)

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

013

24

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

013

27

SALVADOR

(EL)

D13

SALVADOR

(EL)

El

28 24

SALVADOR

(EL)

Fi

SALVADOR

(EL)

Fl

SALVADOR

(EL)

Fl

( A L S O F2)

22 23 24

SOMETIMES SOMETIMES FREQUENT

ALL C L A S S E S

WOMEN

WOMFN

430 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO,.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SALVADOR ( E L I

F2

22

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ( E L )

F2

23

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ( E L ) ( A L S O F 1)

F2

2*

FREQUENT

SALVADOR ( E L )

F3

22

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(ELI

F3

23

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

F4

22

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

F4

23

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(FL)

62

4

SALVADOR ( E L )

G2

24

(EL)

G2

27

SALVADOR

SPEAKERS

ALWAYS

SALVADOR ( E L ) G7 24 ( STRONG A R T I C U L A T I O N . PHRASE I N I T I A L £ A F T E R / L , N , R , S , Y / J SALVADOR ( E L ) CINTEKVOCALICI

G9

24

SALVADOR ( E L )

G10

22

SALVADOR ( E L )

G10

23

(EL)

G10

24

SALVADOR ( E L )

G10

27

SALVADOR ( E L )

Gil

24

SALVADOR

(EL)

H2

18

SALVADOR

(EL)

H2

22

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

H2

23

GENERAL

SALVADOR

H2

24

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L ) H2 « E N T I R E COUNTRY)

27

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

H2

28

SALVADOR ( E L )

(L

24

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

13

24

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

15

24

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

I 16

24

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

Jl

24

SALVADOR ( E L )

Jl

27

SALVADOR ( E L I (ALSO K3I

K2

24

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR ( E L ) K3 (DORSOALVEOLAR PLANA)

22

GENERAL

SALVADOR ( E L )

23

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

K3

SOMETIMES SOMETIMES

431 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

K3

24

PREDOMINANT

K3 SALVADOR ( E L ) ( A P I C O D E N T A L PLANA)

27

FREQUENT

SALVADOR

(EL)

LI

23

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

LI

24

SALVADOR

(EL)

LI

27

SALVADOR

(EL)

Ml

22

SALVADOR

(EL)

Ml

23

GENERAL

SALVADOR

(EL)

Ml

24

SOMETIMES

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

23

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

24

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

28

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

36

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

65

SALVADOR

(EL)

Nl

103

SALVADOR

(EL)

N2

36

SALVADOR

(EL)

N2

65

SALVADOR ( E L ) (ALSO K2)

USAGE

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

CAMPESINOS GENERAL ALL C L A S S E S GENERAL

ALL

CLASSES

ALWAYS

GENERAL

UPPER CLASS

SALVADOR ( E L ) N2 65 OCCASIONALLY ( E X C E P T G E N E R A L I N U P P E R C L A S S !1 SALVADOR

(EL)

N3

103

FREQUENT

CULTA

SALVADOR

(EL)

N3

OCCASIONALLY

C L A S E POPULAR

SALVADOR

(EL)

N4

103 24

SALVADOR

(EL)

N4

65

SALVADOR

(EL)

N4

103

SEHICULTA

SALVADOR

(EL)

N4

103

CLASE POPULA"

SALVADOR

(EL)

ÍÈ

65

SALVADOR

(EL)

N8

103

C L A S E POPULAR

SALVADOR

(EL)

ÍÈ

103

SEMICULTA

SALVADOR

(EL)

Í1¼

24

SALVADOR

(EL)

NiO

65

UNITED STATES ( «SOFTLY«)

Cl

93

UNITED STATES

C3

93

U N I T E D STATES t A L S O F4)

Fl

93

UNITED STATES

F4

93

UNITED

G2

4

STATES

BILINGUAL S PREDOMINANT

432 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

U N I T E D STATES

G7

93

U N I T E D STATES

G9

4

UNITED STATES (PARTS)

G9

27

SOME S P E A K E R S

U N I T E D STATES

G9

93

PREDOMINANT

U N I T E D STATES

HI

93

GENERAL

U N I T E D STATES

II

93

GENERAL

U N I T E D STATES (PARTS)

Jl

27

UNITED STATES (PARTS)

J*

27

UNITED

LI

93

STATES

A14 UNITED STATES ARIZONA (PARTS)

SPEAKERS

GENERAL

27

C3

27

UNITED STATES G2 ARIZONA (PARTS)

27

U N I T E D STATES ARIZONA

USAGE

UNITED S T A T E S ARIZONA

GIO

27

UNITED STATES ARIZONA

Gil

4

UNITED STATES ARIZONA

Jl

31

RARE

UNITED STATES K2 27 A R I Z O N A ( D O R S O A L V E O L A R CONVEX) UNITED S T A T E S A2 BORDER A R E A W I T H M E X I C O

27

UNITED STATES G2 BORDER A R E A W I T H M E X I C O

27

UNITED STATES Kl 27 BORDER A R E A W I T H M E X I C O ( E N T I R E B O R D E R ) ( A P I C O D E N T A L R E D O N . 1 UNITED STATES LI BORDER A R E A W I T H M E X I C O

27

UNITED STATES C3 CALIFORNIA (SOUTHERN)

27

UNITED STATES Gil COLORADO ( SOUTHERN)

*

UNITED STATES A2 FLORIDA (PARTS)

27

SOME S P E A K E R S

UNITED STATES FLORIDA (PARTS)

27

SOME S P E A K E R S

27

SOME S P E A K E R S

A14

UNITFO STATES G2 FLORIDA (PARTS) UNITED STATES FLORIDA (PARTS)

K2 27 (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX)

433 COUNTRY

I NDEX

UNITED STATES FLORIDA

NO.

AUTHOR

SPEAKERS

LI

27

AlO

1* SOMETIMES 1 CUBANS!

ALL CLASSES

B166

14 PREDOMINANT (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

B168

14 SOME S P E A K E R S (CUBANSI

ALL CLASSES

B174

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

ALL C L A S S E S

B176

14 SOME S P E A K E R S (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

Cl

14 PREDOMINANT (CUBANS)

ALL C L A S S E S

C2

14 OCCASIONALLY ALL CLASSES (CUBANS) (ALSO SPORADIC R A P I D )

C3

14 SCHOOL (CUBANS)

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

å VICINITY

U N I T E D STATES

å VICINITY

FLORIDA: M I A M I UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED STATES F L O R I D A : MIAMI UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

USAGE

å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY

I NFL

C4 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y C4 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y

14 SPORADIC (CUBANS)

CULT A

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

E X C E P T CULTA

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED STATES FLORIDA: M I A M I UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED STATES F L O R I D A : MIAMI U N I T E D STATES F L O R I D A : MIAMI

C5

14 SPORADIC (CUBANS)

CULTA

C5

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANSI

E X C E P T CULTA

C6

14 SPORADIC (CUBANS)

CULTA

C6

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

E X C E P T CULTA

02

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

D3

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

ALL C L A S S E S

D4

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

05

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

D6

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS»

ALL C L A S S E S

El

ALL C L A S S E S

UNITED STATES

å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY å VICINITY

FLORIDA: MIAMI U N I T E D STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI U N I T E D STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI U N I T E D STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI U N I T E D STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

å VICINITY

14 GENERAL (CUBANS)

å VICINITY

14 SPORADIC ALL C L A S S E S ( C U B A N S ) ( I N ALL ENV I R O N M E N T S )

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI

å VICINITY

UNITED STATES

å VICINITY å VICINITY

Fl

14 PREDOMINANT (CUBANS)

ALL C L A S S E S

F2

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS)

ALL C L A S S E S

FLORIDA: MIAMI å VICINITY

434 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

UNITED STATES G2 FLORIDA: M I A M I VICINITY G7 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å VICINITY UNITED STATES G8 F L O R I D A : MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y G9 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å VICINITY H2 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: M I A M I å V I C I N I T Y H7 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: M I A M I e V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES H7 F L O R I D A : MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES 11 FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES 12 FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y 15 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y 16 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES 16 FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y 17 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES 17 FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES 111 FLORIDA: M I A M I å V I C I N I T Y 116 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å VICINITY

117 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: M I A M I å V I C I N I T Y 117 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y 118 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y 118 UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI Jl

å VICINITY

Kl UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y UNITED STATES LI FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y Ml UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI å V I C I N I T Y

USAGE

SPEAKERS

14 ALWAYS (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 OCCASIONALLY (CUBANS!

ALL CLASSES

14 OCCASIONALLY ALL CLASSES ( C U B A N S ) ( A F T E R PAUSE & INTERVOC) 14 GENERAL (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 ALWAYS (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 SPORADIC ALL CLASSES ( C U B A N S ) ( B E F O R E NON-ALVEOL ARS) 14 FREQUENT ALL CLASSES (CUBANS) ( B E F O R E A L V E O L A R S ) 14 PREDOMINANT (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 SOME S P E A K E R S (CUBANS)

EXCEPT

14 PREDOMINANT (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 SOME S P E A K E R S (CUBANS)

EXCEPT

14 SPORADIC (CUBANS)

CULTA

14 SOME (CUBANS)

EXCEPT CULTA

SPEAKERS

CULTA

CULTA

14 SPORADIC (CUBANS)

CULTA

14 SOME S P E A K E R S (CUBANS)

EXCEPT CULTA

14 PREDOMINANT (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 SOME S P E A K E R S (CUBANS)

EXCEPT CULTA

14 SPORADIC (CUBANS)

CULTA

4 SOME S P E A K E R S CUBANS)

EXCEPT CULTA

14 SPORADIC (CUBANS)

CULTA

14 GENERAL (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 GENERAL ALL CLASSES ( C U B A N S ) ( O C C A S I O N A L L Y /S/ E S P E S A ) 14 ALWAYS (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

14 GENERAL (CUBANS)

ALL CLASSES

435 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

UNITED STATES FLORIDA: MIAMI UNITED L O U I S I ASTATES N A : ST. UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATESST. LOUISIANA: UNITED STATESST. LOUISIANA: UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATESST. LOUISIANA: UNITED L O U I S I ASTATES N A : ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATESST. LOUISIANA: UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES LOUISIANA: ST. UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST. UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST. UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST. UNITED STATESST. LOUISIANA: UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST.

AUTHOR

SPEAKERS

USAGE

N2 14 ALWAYS & V I C I N I TY « C U B A N S !

ALL CLASSES

74 PREDOMINANT A12 B E R N A R D P A R I S H ( A L S O A16I A16 74 OCCASIONALLY B E R N A R D P A R I S H ( A L S O A12! 8199 74 BERNARD P A R I S H

PREDOMINANT ( A L S O B263!

B263 74 OCCASIONALLY B E R N A R D P A R I S H ( A L S O B199! 74 C2 BERNARD PARISH 01 74 BERNARD PARISH 74 El BERNARD P A R I S H 74 BERNARD P A R I S H F4 74 BERNARD PARISH

NEVER

F5 74 BERNARD P A R I S H

NEVER

74 G2 BERNARD P A R I S H G9 74 BERNARD P A R I S H H2

74

BERNARD PARISH

(AFTER /O/

ONLY!

H5 74 BERNARD PARISH ( A F T E R / A , E , I /

74 12 BERNARD PARISH 74 13 BERNARD P A R I S H

PREDOMINANT

14 74 BERNARD PARISH

SOME S P E A K E R S

18 74 BERNARD PARISH

SOMETIMES

74 III BERNARD PARISH

SOMETIMES

112 74 BERNARD PARISH

SOMETIMES

74 114 BERNARD PARISH

SOMETIMES

115 74 BERNARD PARISH

SPORADIC

74 116 BERNARD P A R I S H

SOMETIMES

BEFORE PAUSE!

436 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

UNITED STATES 122 74 SOMETIMES LOUISIANA: ST. B E R N A R D P A R I S H PREDOMINANT UNITED STATES Jl 74 L O U I S I A N A : ST. B E R N A R D P A R I S H J7 74 UNITED STATES OCCASIONALLY L O U I S I A N A : ST. B E R N A R D P A R I S H K2 74 UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST. B E R N A R D P A R I S H UNITED STATES LI 74 L O U I S I A N A : ST. B E R N A R D P A R I S H ( I N T E R V O C A L I C » O T H E R W I S E L4 UNITED STATES 74 L O U I S I A N A : ST. BERNARD PARISH é I N I T I A L » OTHERWISE L D UNITED STATES L O U I S I A N A : ST.

N2 74 BERNARD PARISH

UNITED STATES A2 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S ) UNITED STATES A4 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S )

PREDOMINANT (ALSO A4) SOMETIMES (ALSO A2)

U. .N. .I T.E_D. S T A T E S B33 ... 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS»

PREDOMINANT

U N I T E D STATES

SOMETIMES

B65

116

M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S ) UNITED STATES C4 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S ) UNITED STATES C5 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS)

NEVER NEVER

UNITED STATES

C6

116

UNITED STATES

Dl

116

UNITED STATES

El

116

ALWAYS

UNITED STATES

Fl

116

PREDOMINANT

M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S )

NEVER

MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS) MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS)

MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS) UNITED STATES F2 116

M I C H I G A N : D E T R O I T( M E X I C A N S ) U N I T E D STATES F4 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS) UNITED

STATES

G2

116

MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS)

SOMETIMES SOMETIMES ALWAYS

UNITED STATES G7 116 M I C H I G A N : D E T R O I T( M E X I C A N S ) UNITED STATES G8 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S » UNITED STATES HI 116

GENERAL

UNITED STATES II 116 MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS)

ALWAYS

MICHIGAN: DETROIT (MEXICANS)

GENERAL ALWAYS

L

437

COUNTRY INDEX NO. AUTHOR USAGE UNITED STATES 15 116 ALWAYS M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S )

UNITED STATES 116 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S »

ALWAYS

UNITED STATES Jl 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S ) UNITED STATES Kl 116 M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S )

ALWAYS

UNITED STATES

K2

116

SPEAKERS

SOMETIMES

SOMETIMES

M I C H I G A N : DETROIT (MEXICANS) UNITED STATES LI 116 SOMETIMES M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S ) ( V A R I E S W I T H I N SPEAKER) UNITED STATES L4 116 SOMETIMES M I C H I G A N : DETROIT ( M E X I C A N S ) ( V A R I E S W I T H I N SPEAKER) UNITED STATES G10 4 NEW MEX ( E X C VULG IN STA CRUZ tCHI MAYO, & MNTNS N OF STA FE) UNITED STATES G7 4 NEW M E X I C O ( M O U N T A I N S NORTH OF SANTA FE (ENV.NOT S P E C I F I E D ) UNITED STATES G8 4 NEW M E X I C O (MOUNTAINS NORTH OF SANTA FE (ENV.NOT SPECIFIED) UNITED STATES G10 27 NEW M E X I C O

UNITED STATES Gil NEW MEXICO (PARTS)

4

UNITED STATES NEW MEXICO

HI

18

UNITED STATES NEW MEXICO

II

5

UNITED STATES NEW MEXICO

14

31

UNITED STATES NEW MEXICO

J4

27

UNITED STATES K2 27 NEW MEXICO (DORSOALVEOLAR CONVEX) UNITED STATES NEW MEXICO

N2

UNITED STATES Gil NEW MEXICO: 4LBUQUERQUE

36 4

SOMETIMES

UNITED STATES G7 4 NEW M E X I C O : C H I M A Y O (ENVIRONMENT NOT S P E C I F I E D ) UNITED STATES G8 4 NEW MEXICO: CHIMAYG (ENVIRONMENT NOT S P E C I F I E D ) U N I T E D STATES A10 NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O

15 SOMETIMES ( A L S O Ä 1 2 , Á14, A I M

UNITED STATES A12 NEW MEXICO: SAN ANTONITO

15 SOMETIMES (ALSO A10,A14,A16)

UNITED STATES A14 NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O

15 SOMETIMES (ALSO A 1 0 , A 1 2 , A 1 6 )

438 COUNTRY

I N D E X NO.

UNITED STATES A16 NEW M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO

AUTHOR

USAGE

SPEAKERS

15 SOMETIMES (ALSO A I O . A 1 2 . A 1 4 )

UNITED STATES 8162 15 SOMETIMES NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O ( A L S O 8194,8226,8258) UNITED STATES 8194 15 SOMETIMES NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O ( A L S O 8 1 6 2 , 8 2 2 6 , 8 2 5 8 ) UNITED STATES 8226 15 SOMETIMES NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O ( A L S O 8162*8194,8258) UNITED STATES 8258 NEW M E X I C O : S A N ANTONITO

15 SOMETIMES ( A L S O 8162*8194,8226)

UNITED STATES C2 NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O

15

ALWAYS

UNITED STATES C3 NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O

15

SOMETIMES

UNITED STATES Dl NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O

15

GENERAL

UNITED STATES El NEW M E X I C O : SAN A N T O N I T O

15

GENERAL

UNITED STATES E4 NEW M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO

15

OCCASIONALLY

UNITED S T A T E S Fl NEW M E X I C O : SAN ANTONITO

15

PREDOMINANT

UNITED S T A T E S F4 NEW M E X I C O : S A N A N T O N I T O